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UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR Be eee cee DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW S A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: A clean catch of Northwest Pacific pink shrimp (Panda- lus jordani) on a sorting table aboard the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. (See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 for article "Shrimp Explorations off Vancouver Island, British Columbia by M/V John N. Cobb, October-November 1962."' A reprint available as Sep. No. 704.) Page 1 . .Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal, by Preston Smith, Jr.,|Mary E. Ambrose, and George M. Knobl, Jr. Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: Cans --Shipments for Fishery Products: Trends and Developments, April 1964: 9 .. January-December 1963 Fos Commercial Fishing Industry Still Opera- 10 .. January-March 1964 tional in Spite of Earthquake Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: tt % Soviet Fishing Fleet off Yakutat 10 .. Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- Mi fore Soviet Crab Fleet off Kodiak tinued MT dane Soviets Continue to Fish Portlock Bank Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Mien Soviet "Flounder" Activities in Bering Sea 11 .. Department of Defense Purchases, January- CAS Soviet Vessels Fish for Shrimp in Bering April 1964 Sea Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: iat Japanese King Crab Fleet in Outer Bristol 12... Shrimp Gear Studies Continued Bay 13... Shrimp and Menhaden Investigations in the Bes Japanese Shrimp Fishery -Gulf of Mexico Continued LE ese Japanese Long-Line Fishery Gulf Fishery Investigations: Boas Japanese "Exploratory" Fishing in Gulf of 14 .. Shrimp Distribution Studies Alaska 15) % Shrimp Biology Program 8. Seismic Exploration Agreement Completed 16 .. Shrimp Dynamics Program Hike First Halibut of Season Landed at Ketchikan 17 .. Estuarine Program Bigeye Herring Roe-on Kelp Harvest 18 .. Industrial Bottomfish Fishery Program 8. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Loan Pro- Industrial Fishery Products: gram Takes Emergency Actions U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Dt oes Exploratory Fishing Plans Completed 2 aon Production by Areas, April 1964 California: US) as Production, February 1964° 9 .. Request for Anchovy Industrial Fishery Maine Sardines: Denied 19 .. Canned Stocks, April 1, 1964 Contents continued page II. II Page 20 20 20 21 21 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 27 27 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIE REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Merketing: Edible Fishery Products, 1963 Michigan: Sport Fish Survey in Great Lakes Waters Minnesota: 4 Regulations for Fish-Processing Establish- ments National Fisheries Center and Aquarium: Design Program Being Prepared Research Facilities to be Extensive North Atlantic Fisheries: Soviet Fishing Vessels Return to New Eng- land Waters Haddock and Whiting Abundance on Georges Bank Holding Up Despite Heavier Fishing Signal Used to Indicate U.S. Vessel is Fish- ing North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Northern Edge of Georges Bank Surveyed North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Demersal Fish Off Southern Washington Sur- veyed Oceanography: Observations in Pacific Northwest Coastal Waters by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Research Vessel Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Research Vessel Geronimo Makes New Discoveries Two New England Universities May Add Ma- rine Science Programs Rhode Island University Receives Funds for Graduate Research Training Grants New Research Laboratory Dedicated at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Miami Receives New Research Grants for Studies in Marine Biology New Marine Laboratory Building Planned at University of Miami Ohio: Commercial Fishery Landings, 1963 Oregon: Record Silver Salmon Release From State Hatcheries Fish Disease Study Center Openea Fish and Wildlife Kills Being Investigated Salmon: Industry-Government Promotion Campaign North Pacific Winter Distribution and Tag- ging North Pacific High-Seas Tagging Project South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program: Exploratory Trawling Off North and South Carolina Continued Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, April 1964 Sport Fishing: License Sales Increased in 1963 Tuna U.S. Canned Tuna Industry Presents Award to Interior Department for Marketing As- sistance United States Fisheries: Fish Sticks and Portions Production, 1963 U.S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Page 42 43 44 50 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): U.S. Foreign Trade (Contd.): Ate Processed Edible Fishery Products, March 1964 Washington: Salmon Planting Program Continues Dogfish Shark for Hatchery Fish Feed Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, May 1964 FOREIGN: International: Food and Agriculture Organization: Indo-Pacific Fisheries Development Semi- nar Outboard Motors Increase Fishing Efficien- cy of Traditional Craft in Six Countries ee Sweden Helps Pakistan Mechanize Small Fishing Craft International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: Soviet Union Ratifies Protocol Amendment Concerning Harp and Hood Seals International Pacific Halibut Commission: ae Special Meeting Held North Pacific Fur Seal Convention: Japan Ratifies Protocol Amending Interim Convention on Conservation of Fur Seals Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission: 9.0 Salmon and Crab Fisheries Negotiations Concluded Between U.S.S.R. and Japan Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Fishery Technologists Meeting UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: Third Session Meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964 Argentina: Fisheries Trends, 1963 Australia: Licensing and Import Regulations Affecting Fisheries Direct Fish Landings by Foreign Vessels Restricted Spiny Lobster Tagging Project Trout Farm Planned in Tasmania British West Indies: .. Outlook for Barbados Shrimp Fishery Prom- ising Cambodia: Commercial Fisheries Production, 1960-1963 Republic of Cameroon: .. Chinese Tuna Vessels to Train Cameroon Fishermen Canada: . British Columbia Canned Salmon Industry Asks for Tariff Reduction at 1964 GATT Negotiations . Small Stern-Fishing Factoryships Ordered by Newfoundland Firm from Dutch Shipyard New Committee Formed for Development of Fresh-Water Fisheries Chile: Fish Meal Industry Trends, First Quarter 1964 Costa Rica: Green Turtle Regulations Contents continued page III. July 1964 Page 50 51 51 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 56 57 57 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Cuba: Equipment for New Fish Cannery Built in Estonia Denmark: Fisheries Developments, April 1964 Fisheries Trends, January-March 1964 Industrial Products Supply and Distribution, 1963 Ethiopia: New Company Will Handle Fishery Products German Federal Republic: Fisheries Research Vessel Walther Herwig Commissioned Greece: Freezer-Trawler Landings, January-Feb- ruary 1964 New Experiment to Use Fish Meal as Fish Food Iceland: Fishery Landings by Principal Species, 1962-1963 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan- uary-November 1963 Exports of Fishery Products, 1962-63 Utilization of Fishery Landings, 1962-1963 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- November 1963 Two New Fishing Vessels Delivered by British Shipyard India: Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Development Projects Continued Japan: Frozen Tuna To Be Exported to Cuba European Big-Eyed Tuna Market Reported Soft Japanese Negotiate Tuna Prices with U.S. Packers in American Samoa Japanese Fishery Official's Views on Amer- ican Samoa Tuna Base 1964 Tuna Mothership Regulations for Two Fishing Companies Changed by Govern- ment Agreement Signed for Joint Tuna Venture in Cape Verde Islands Completion of Joint Japanese-British Fiji Islands Tuna Base Delayed Japanese Summer Albacore Fishery Tuna Purse-Seining Experiment in South Pacific Unsuccessful Tuna Mothership Departs for Tahitian Wa- ters Tuna-Vessel Refueling at Sea to Continue Exports of Tuna Specialty Packs, FY 1963 Tuna Delegation to U.S. Being Considered Canned Tuna Market Trends, April-May 1964 Tuna Long-Line Exploratory Cruise Aids United States Shark Study Prices Paid for First Japanese Salmon Landings, May 1964 Salmon Prices Negotiated with Vessel Owners Salmon Fishery Quota Allotment and Fleet Composition Salmon Negotiation with U.S.S.R. Concluded Page 62 63 74 74 75 76 76 76 FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Japanese View on Canadian Canned Pink Salmon Market Trends Bottomfish Mothership Operations in Bering Sea Bering Sea Vessel Departures Shrimp Fishery in Bering Sea Japanese Atlantic Trawl Fleet Japan May Join International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Freezership Departs for Las Palmas to Process Bottomfish Large Stern Trawlers Completed Stern Trawler Completed for Bering Sea Op- erations Two New Stern Trawlers Sent to West African Fishing Grounds Large Stern Trawler Completed for Rumania Vessel Construction, May 4, 1964 National Program to Promote Frozen Fish Sales Established Fish Sausage Production, Fiscal Year 1963 South African Fish Meal To Be Imported by Japan US$1 Million for South Korean Imports Al- lotted by Japan Japanese-Canadian Talks on Fishing Limits Planned Kelp Fishery Agreement with Soviet Union Mauritania: Signs 50-Year Fisheries Treaty with Spain Mexico: Possible Effects of Shrimp Vessel Tie-Up at Mazatlan Morocco: Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1964 Tangier Fish Market Sales, 1963 Netherlands: Marine Oil Industry Trends, 1963, and Ant- arctic Whaling Results, 1963/64 Season New Trawler Tinie Cornelia Norway: Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-February 22, 1964 Norwegian Stern-Fishing Factory Trawler Lands Frozen Processed Catch in England Supply and Disposition of Marine Oils, 1963 with Comparisons Shipyards to Build Shrimp Vessels for Ku- wait Peru: Fish Meal Production and Exports, January- March 1964 South Africa: Fisheries Trends, Early 1964 Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January 1964 Republic of Togo: Fishery Products Imports from Soviet Union Increase in 1963 U;,S..S. R.: Soviet Fishing Industry Pacific Salmon Hatcheries and Fisheries North Pacific Whaling Fleet To Be Increased Electronic Fishing Gear Being Tested Underwater Craft Designed for Barents Sea Studies Contents continued page IV. IV Page 76 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 for each photograph in this issue. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): U.S.S.R. (Contd.): .. Fishery Developments Since 1913 United Kingdom: Worldwide Tariff Reduction Asked by British Prime Minister British Fishing Industry Production of Frozen Processed Fishery Products, 1963 British Firm Plans to Expand Fleet of Re- frigerated Stern Trawlers New Machine Cuts Fish-Drying Process to 30 Hours Viet-Nam: Shrimp Exports to Japan Up in 1963 FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: Industrial Loan to Maryland Pet Food Firm Approved Survey of Fisheries Potential in Carteret County, North Carolina Page FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: New Food Additive Regulation Concerning Kelp Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Eastern Pacific Yellowfin Tuna Fishing Regulations Proposed Office of Emergency Planning: Alaska and a California County Declared Major Disaster Areas United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: Fishermen Considered Independent Contrac- tors - Eighty-Highth Congress (Second Session) RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications RAPID SPREAD OF BARNACLE INVESTIGATED Investigation is being carried out on the world's rapid spread of the barnacle (Eliminius modestus), also known as the Australian barnacle, which first turned up in European quarters in 1945 at Chichester, and by 1953 had reached the German coast, spreading rapidly to the estuarine system of the River Elbe and the Schleswig-Holstein coast. It reached the islands of Helgolandand Sylt by 1955. This presumably passive passenger is now commoninmany European coastal areas and competes with the na- tive barnacle (Balanus), the acorn barnacle, butitis knowntobe less toler- ant of low water temperatures which have held production to a less rapid rate than might have been possible. (Sea Secrets, April 1964.) Editorial Assistants: ae Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone HK 3 OK OK OK Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P. 1--Albert Kelly, Bureau of Mines; pp. 6 and 7--R. H. Anderson, KVOS TV, Bellingham, Wash.; p. 37-- J. Pileggi; p. 65--R. C. Naab; p. 106--RexG. Schmidt. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. COMMERCIAL FIS July 1964 Washington, D. C. IMPROVED RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING TOTAL LIPIDS IN FISH MEAL By Preston Smith, Jr.*, Mary E. Ambrose*, and George N. Knobl, Jr.** ABSTRACT In a search for a quicker method for the determination of total lipids in fish meal than the currently used method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, the rapid Bligh and Dyer method for determining the lipid in fish meat was studied. Problems involving filtration and emulsions were encountered, which were largely eliminated, respectively, by using diatomaceous earth and anhydrous sodium sulfate and by increasing the initial ratio of solvent to water in the extraction process. Thus modified, the Bligh and Dyer method gave results in close agreement with those ob- tained by the more time-consuming AOAC method. INTRODUCTION Fish meal is one of several ingredients usually contained in commercial mixed feeds for animals. The manufacturers of those feeds are careful to ensure that the nutritive value of their products remains uniform and consistently high in quality. Hence fish meal and the oth- er ingredients used in the formulations are carefully checked. Ordinarily, fish meal is ana- lyzed for such components as moisture, nitrogen, and lipid content. The nitrogen content is indicative of the amount of protein present, and the lipid content provides an index of the caloric value of the meal. Unlike the closely specified procedure used for ascertaining the content of nitro- gen, the content of lipid may be determined by any of several methods. The method that has been used quite satisfactorily as an in- dex for caloric value is that of ether extrac- tion (crude fat). Recently, however, there has been a growing demand for information on the fats or lipids in fish meals that pec not be extracted by ether (''total'' fat)L’, Since there is speculation that the differ- ence between total fat and crude fat may in- dicate the degree of oxidation of the fat. The method of the Association of Offici- al Agricultural Chemists for determining Determination of lipids in fish meal by the modified Bligh and Dyer total lipids in fish meal provides consistent- method. * Chemist F vi at Bn © Supervisory Chemist t Technological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, College Park, Md. 1/"Total" fat, for purposes of this paper, will be the value obtained by the method (22.037) of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1960). U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 705 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 ly reproducible results and gives values among the highest obtained by any method. In the AOAC method, the initial extraction of fish meal is followed by acid hydrolysis and then by a second acetone extraction. These conditions presumably free the "bound" lipids and extract "total" lipids from the fish meal. Because this method requires over 35 hours to complete, . it is not a rapid analytical tool. In 1959, Bligh and Dyer developed a rapid extraction procedure to measure the lipids in raw fish. Briefly, their method consists of homogenizing the fish tissue with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissues. Subsequent dilution with chloroform and water then separates the homogenate into two phases. After filtration and clarification, the chloroform layer contains the lipids, and the methanol-water layer contains the nonlipid material. Unfortunately, though this meth- od is rapid, it is not entirely satisfactory for use with fish meal. The purpose of the work reported in this paper therefore was to try to modify the rapid Bligh and Dyer method so that it can be used to determine reproducibly and accurately the total lipids in fish meals. The main topics considered in this report are the following: 1. Modifications needed in the Bligh and Dyer method. 2. Description of the modified method developed. 3. Evaluation of the modified method. MODIFICATIONS NEEDED In our study of the modifications needed to adapt the Bligh and Dyer method for use with such materials as fish meal, five menhaden meals were used. (Menhaden meal constitutes the bulk of the fish meal produced in the United States.) These meal samples differed in age and were from various areas of production. The principal difficulties encountered in the use of the Bligh and Dyer method in the analysis of these meals arose from problems relating to filtration and emulsions. FILTRATION: When the unaltered method was used with the fish meals, two of the sam- ples would not filter satisfactorily. Hyflo Super Cel (diatomaceous earth), however, has been used in column chromatography (Hanahan, Dittmer, and Warashina 1957) to enhance the flow of lipids through columns. This product and anhydrous sodium sulfate were therefore used in an attempt to improve filtration. By this procedure, all five samples filtered faster and gave a clearer filtrate than was obtained with the unmodified Bligh and Dyer method. EMULSIONS: Emulsions were formed in all five samples tested. The following pro- cedures were tried in an attempt to lessen the formation of emulsions: (1) addition of neutral salts--sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride; (2) use of higher alco- hols for extraction--methanol was replaced by ethanol and octanol; (3) use of a surfactant-- Aerosol OT; (4) centrifugation; and (5) changes in the ratio of the organic solvents. The sample that gave the largest amount of emulsion with the unmodified Bligh and Dyer method was used to evaluate these procedures. Changes in the ratio of the organic solvents proved to be the most beneficial of the alterations tried, so this modification was studied in detail. The phase-volume ratio was changed from an initial ratio of 50 ml. of chloroform: 100 ml. of methanol, to 100 ml. of chloroform : 100 ml. of methanol, and finally to 150 ml. of chloroform : 100 ml. of methanol. Higher values for extractable material were obtained with both modifications in ratio of solvents. The last ratio of solvents, however, also resulted in both decreased emulsions and in improved filtration and was therefore considered the more satisfactory.2/ Table 1 presents the results of extraction of lipid by the unmodified Bligh and Dyer method and by the various modifications in the ratio of solvents. 2/In addition, this ratio of solvents resulted in a biphasic system throughout the extraction procedure. Hence, some people may inter- pret this approach as a new application of chloroform:methanol extraction rather than a modification of the Bligh and Dyer method. July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 Table 1 - Fat Extracted from Samples of Fish Meal by Variations of the Bligh and Dyer Method : Fat Content of Fish-Meal Sample: Extraction Method Replicate a a 6C79 4B120 19013 1, Original method 50 CHC13/100 MeOH { 2. Filtering aid { 50 CHC13/100 MeOH 3. Filtering aid 100 CHC13/100 MeOH 4, Filtering aid { 150 CHC13/100 MeOH 1/The samples were not filterable. Note: Each entry represents a single analysis except Method 4 where each entry is the average of six analyses. Column headings "'E, " "6C79,"' etc. identify number of sample. MODIFIED METHOD The modified method resulting from the observations reported in the previous section is as follows: 1. Homogenize 10 grams of fish meal in an electric blender for 2 minutes with a mix- ture of 37 ml. of water, 150 ml. of chloroform (analytical reagent grade), and 100 ml. of absolute methanol (analytical reagent grade). 2. Add 50 ml. of chloroform to the mixture, and blend for an additional 30 seconds. 3. Transfer the mixture to a 600-ml. beaker containing 20 grams of Hyflo Super Cel and 20 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfate. 4, Mix the contents; and filter into a 1,000-ml. filter flask, using a Buchner funnel and Whatman number 1 filter paper. 5. Add 50 ml. of water to the filtrate, and mix thoroughly. 6. Transfer the filtrate to a 500-ml. graduated cylinder. 7. Reblend the residue for 2 minutes with 200 ml. of chloroform, and then refilter. 8. Add the filtrate to the cylinder. 9. Wash the blender jar, beaker, and filtering flask with about 50 ml. of chloroform. 10. Filter the washings and add them to the cylinder. 11. Allow a few minutes for separation and clarification of the filtrate, record the volume of the chloroform, and remove most of the methanol-water layer by aspiration. 12. Mix the contents of the cylinder, and remove the remaining methanol-water layer and also a small volume of the chloroform layer. 13. Take a 25-ml, aliquot of the chloroform layer, and dry it under a stream of nitrogen in a 50° C. water bath. 14, Place the dried sample in a vacuum dessicator over phosphorus pentoxide, and allow to dry overnight. 15. Calculate the weight of the total lipid in the sample as follows: Wt. of total lipid = Wt. lipid in aliquot _x volume of chloroform layer Volume of aliquot 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 EVALUATION In evaluating the modified Bligh and Dyer method, we were concerned with the following four aspects: 1. Purity of the lipid extract obtained by the modified method. 2. Precision of the method. 3. Accuracy of the method. 4. Comparison of the results obtained by the method with those obtained by the AOAC method. PURITY: The material extracted by organic solvents usually contains some nonlipids. In a satisfactory method for determining lipid, this extract of nonlipid material must, of course, be kept to a minimum. Accordingly, we tested the purity of the extracted material by drying an aliquot of the extracted fat, redissolving it in chloroform, and observing it for undissolved residue. With the improved initial ratio of 150 ml. of chloroform : 100 ml. meth- anol for extraction, no residue was noted in any of the samples tested. However, in some Table 2 - Reproducibility of Improved Method of the other procedures tested, residue was oe Benee eon Gi Fa observed. Grea M Standard Standard ample can Deviation Error E poo PRECISION: To determine the reproduci- vie sh eieie ee (Pexcent) « . s/s) + so 2 bility of results of the improved procedure, we analyzed each of five menhaden meals six times, and evaluated the results statistically. As is shown in table 2, the maximum devia- tion from the mean was +0.23 percent. Note: The mean represents the average of six analyses. ACCURACY: Test results on samples to which oil has been added should give an indica- tion of the accuracy of the method in terms of the possible errors in the mechanical manipu- lations, although not in terms of the ability of the system to extract bound fat. Table 3 - Recovery of Menhaden Oil Added to Fish Meal Fat Present erepuatal t Total at by lyses (Percent) 2. ec ccercccerccesrccecce 16.05 102.2 15.51 15.92 15.61 Recoveries were tested by extracting mixtures of 0.3 grams of menhaden oil with 10 grams each of the same five menhaden meals. Table 3 presents the recovery data, showing that the widest variation in the recovery of menhaden oil was 2.2 percent. COMPARISON: The AOAC method 22.037 for the determination of fat in fish meal was used for comparison. The data in table 4 show that closely comparable results were obtained by the AOAC method and the modified Bligh and Dyer method. It is interesting to note that the values obtained with the modified method were lower for four meals, but that for one meal, July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 Table 4 - Comparison of Fat Extracted by the Improved Method and the AOAC Method aa mice Improved Method!/ AOAC 22,0372/ Br ow onaiee, apt tRErCeDit) oN elie ee el eialia = more lipids were found than by the AOAC method. In no pair of values, however; was the absolute difference greater than 0.48 per- cent. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION In trying to shorten the time of analysis required by the AOAC method for total lipid 12.51 12.61 in fish meal and similar products, we studied i/Average of six analyses. the possibility of adapting the Bligh and Dyer method used for analyzing the lipid in fish meat. We used five samples of menhaden meal of varying age and lipid content in developing and testing the modified method. Applying to fish meal the Bligh and Dyer method--which utilizes chloroform, methanol, and water in such proportions that after the initial extraction, a two-phase system is formed-- results in problems involving filtration and emulsions. Filtration was improved by the addi- tion of diatomaceous earth and anhydrous sodium sulfate. Emulsions were largely eliminated by increasing the initial ratio of solvent to water. The purity of the extract was tested by drying an aliquot of the extracted fat, redissolving it in chloroform, and checking for insoluble material. After the ratio of solvent to water was changed, no residue was noted in any of the five samples tested. The precision of the method was checked by analyzing six replicates of each of the five menhaden meals and evaluating the results statistically. The maximum deviation from the mean was £0.23 percent. The accura- cy of the improved method was determined by the percent recovery of added menhaden oil to the same five fish meal samples. The widest variation noted in recovery was 2.2 percent. Lipid determination by the improved method compared favorably with results from AOAC method 22.037. , We concluded that in the analysis of menhaden meal and presumably of other fish meals the modified rapid Bligh and Dyer method could serve satisfactorily as a substitute for the more time-consuming AOAC method. LITERATURE CITED ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTS HANAHAN, D. J.; J. C. DITTMER; and E, WARASHINA 1960. Official Methods of Analysis. 9th Ed. Assoc. of Of- 1957. A Column Chromatographic Separation of Classes of ficial Agricultural Chemists, P. O. Box 540, Ben- Phospholipids. Journal Biological Chemistry, vol. jamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D. C., Sec- 228, pp. 685-700. tion 22.037, pp. 287-288. BLIGH, E. G., and W. J. Dyer 1959. A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purifi- cation, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 37, pp. 911-917. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior-a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. iS ar it Alaska TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS, APRIL 1964: Developments in the Alaska fisheries fol- lowing the March 27 earthquake, foreignfish- ing activity, and other developments for April as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Alaska Regional Office, Ju- neau: Commercial Fishing Industry Still Oper- ational in Spite of Harthquake: The March 27, 1964, earthquake in Alaska caused wide- spread rising or subsidence of large sections of land masses in Alaska. The epicenter was apparently in the Prince William Sound area. As of the end of April, information indicated that the fault line extended from east of Ko- diak northerly through the Kenai Peninsula. West of that fault line the land masses sub- sided 5 or 6 feet, and east of the fault line the land was raised 5 or 6 feet. Along with this tremendous earth movement were tidal waves which inundated large parts of the low- lands surrounding the Gulf of Alaska. South- eastern Alaska, east of Yakutat, was virtu- ally unaffected. The Alaska Peninsula, Aleu- tian Islands, Bristol Bay, and Arctic coast- The prin- line also suffered little damage. Fig. 1 - This is what the harbor at Kodiak looked like after the earthquake. Pieces of the dock are floating here as well as testing inland. Tides now running 8 feet higher than old max- imums. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW sess | RENDSS Ce EDEVELO PMENTS == Vol. 26, No. 7 Sr cipal damage occurred in the Cook Inlet, Ko- diak Island, and Prince William Sound areas. Although the impact of the quake and waves destroyed many boats, skiffs, gear, andsome shore plants, the overall impact on the fish- ing industry was not as severe as at first in- dicated. The suffering and hardship to indi- viduals cannot be minimized, but the fishing industry as a whole was still functional a month after the catastrophe. The king crab fishery was the hardest hit with about 15 to 20 percent of its 1963 capa- bility destroyed. The shrimp fishery suffered relatively minor damages, although the larg- est shrimp plant at Seward was lost. While many salmon vessels and two salmon plants were destroyed, the salmon industry retains the capability for harvesting the 1964 run in the normal fashion. Halibut cold-storage plants lost or damaged will cause a redistri- bution of this season's halibut landings but, otherwise, the halibut industry remains fully capable. The Dungeness crab fishery suffered considerably in the Cordova area with the loss of hundreds of pots and some plant and boat damage. By the end of April it was back in operation almost at full scale. Razor clam beaches off Copper River flats were raised and shifted and some clam mortality occurred, but that industry was going ahead with good results. About 50 to 75 percent of the Copper River flats salmon gill-net fishing area was high and dry in April and state regulations in that area will be changed. The effects of the quake and waves and the changes in elevation may have severe effects on the fish themselves. At least 30 miles of red snapper were observed floating dead on the surface. The effects of waves, silting, and of millions of gallons of gas and oil dis- persed into intertidal zones have caused un- evaluated damage. Slides and the falling and shifting of ice undoubtedly had some impact on the resource. July 1964 Fig. 2 - Viewing upper downtown section of Kodiak from a hill- side. About 24 dwellings were demolished, and many others were moved as much as 4 blocks off their foundations. A good part of the business district sustained substantial damage. Fig. 3 - Part of the downtown section of Kodiak after the earth- quake. Note how vessels were tossed onto the land. Damage to docks and waterfront facilities, because of the change in elevation, may well exceed the actual damage of the quake and waves. The east side of Kodiak Island has subsided 5 to 6 feet and several major docks and plants probably must be relocated. Homer Spit and Seldovia also appear to be 3 or 4 feet lower and will require extensive dock and plant relocation. The land mass around the Cordova area raised in some places as much as 6 feet and docks, boat ways, and dolphins will require extension or relocation. The entire city of Valdez will be relocated. Soviet Fishing Fleet off Yakutat: The Soviet trawling fleet operating off Yakutat during April 1964 extended from Cape St. Elias to the Fairweather grounds northwest of Cape Spencer. That fleet included about 95 trawlers, 16 reefers, 3 factoryships, 2 cargo ships, 1 salvage tug, and 1 tanker. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Soviet catches appeared to be almost entirely Pacific ocean perch, with no salmon, halibut, or appreciable quantities of other incidental species evident. The Soviet trawlers were fishing in depths of 100 to 165 fathoms, av- eraging about one hour per drag, and with catches varying between 1,000 and 20,000 pounds. That fleet off Yakutat constituted the most easterly concerted Soviet fishery so far. Soviet Crab Fleet Off Kodiak: The Soviet crab factoryship Pavel Chebotnyagin and her tangle net-setting SRT's were observed fish- ing king crab in the Gulf of Alaska on April 6, about 15 miles north of Chirikof Island south of Kodiak Island. Surface and aerial observations of that vessel's operation were analyzed and it was tentatively estimated the catch by that fleet might exceed 30,000 crabs a day. On April 20, aerial patrol units ob- served the Chebotnyagin under way about 40 miles south of Chirikof Island, indicating the Soviets had withdrawn from the Kodiak area. On April 22, she left the Gulf of Alaska and entered the Bering Sea via Unimak Pass. As of the end of April, she was operating off Uni- mak Island. Soviets Continue to Fish Portlock Bank: The Soviet trawling fleet centered in the Port- lock Bank region east of Kodiak has remained at a relatively constant level and is estimated to include 8 trawlers and 2 reefers. There is considerable interchange between that fleet and the larger trawling fleet off Yakutat, both of which are fishing mainly for Pacific ocean perch. Soviet ''Flounder" Activities in Bering Sea: Trawling activities in the eastern Bering Sea by Soviet vessels were at their lowest level this year in April as the flounder expeditions were apparently being terminated and/or di- verted to other fisheries. The flounder fleet consisted of about 25 trawlers, 5 reefers, 1 factoryship, and various support vessels. Sea: The Soviets were engaged in a shrimp fishery northwest of the Pribilof Island, it was confirmed in April. Personnel of Japa- nese shrimp fishing fleets inthe area reported that two Soviet trawlers had been active in that fishery for nearly three weeks. One of the Soviet vessels was observed making one haul yielding an estimated 800 pounds of shrimp. Japanese King Crab Fleet in Outer Bristol Bay: A Japanese king crab fleet consisting 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of the factoryships Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru, each accompanied by six catcher boats, was reported fishing tangle net gear, centered in outer Bristol Bay north of Port Moller dur- ing April. Japanese Shrimp Fishery: The Japanese shrimp factoryship Chichibu Maru and her accompanying fleet of 12 trawlers left the area northwest of Unimak Pass during April and moved into the more common Japanese shrimp grounds north of the Pribilof Islands. The shrimp factoryship Hinin Maru and her reported 12 trawlers were operating in the vicinity of the Chichibu Maru fleet at the time. Japanese Long-Line Fishery: It was be- lieved the Japanese long-line fleets that en- tered the Bering Sea halibut fishery in the 3B North Triangle area abandoned the halibut grounds near Unimak Pass and moved north nearer the Pribilof Islands. The Fuji Maru No. 3, with 5 accompanying long-line fishing vessels, was sighted southeast of St. George Island in April. Japanese ' Exploratory" Fishing in Gulf of Alaska: The Japanese stern trawler “ Taiyo Maru No. 81 was reported operating about 40 miles south of the southwest end of Kodiak Island during April. The second Japanese trawler to conduct "exploratory" fishing in the Gulf of Alaska, the 545-gross-ton side trawler Tenryu Maru, was scheduled to leave Japan on April 15 but had not yet been sighted in the Gulf. Seismic Exploration Agreement Completed: Negotiations were completed providing safe- guards for living marine resources during seismic explorations utilizing explosives in the waters off Alaska. The Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and the Alaska Department of Fish and°Game developed provisions gov- erning explosive detonations to minimize the possibilities of damage to marine life and commercial fisheries. Those provisions are incorporated into seismic permits issued by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for exploration in State of Alaska waters and by arrangement with the U.S. Bureau of Geo- logical Survey are integrated into their per- mits for seismic exploration in the interna- tional waters of the outer continental shelf. Fisheries observers will accompany all seis- mic teams subject to the provisions to en- sure compliance. Those observers are em- powered to halt operations any time excessive kills of marine life occur or are likely to oc- Vol. 26, No. 7 cur. A cooperative agreement between the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and A- laska Department of Fish and Game provides that the observers will function with equal authority whether in State or International wa- ters. First Halibut of Season Landed at Ketch- ikan: Several fares of halibut from the Ber- ing Sea were sold through the Ketchikan Fish Exchange during April. The first trip was delivered to Ketchikan this season by the ves- sel Yakutat on April 15. Bidding by the local buyers brought a standard price of 18.10, 18, and 10 cents for large, medium, and chicken halibut, respectively. Herring Roe-on-Kelp Harvest: The her- ring roe-on-Kelp fishery at the west coast villages of Craig and Hydaburg ended inApril. At Craig the quota of 110 tons set by the A- laska Department of Fish and-Game was reached in 10 hours of fishing, and at Hyda- burg the quota of 50 tons was reached in 6 hours. This year 7 packers participated in the fishery as against 2 packers in 1963. Quota requests from processors to the A- _laska Department of Fish and Game totaled more than 600 tons in 1964. Prices paid to pickers jumped from 5 to 6 cents a pound in 1963 to 15-20 cents a pound in 1964. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Loan Program Takes Emergency Actions: Under Secretary of the Interior James K. Carr met with the Regional Director for Alaska, Bu- ‘reau of Commercial Fisheries, during his inspection trip to the areas affected by the earthquake disaster. Possible emergency actions that might be initiated and modifica- tions of the Bureau's Fisheries Loan Pro- gram that could be affected to aid in recovery joperations were discussed. With subsequent authority from the Secretary of the Interior, the Bureau opened an emergency office at Kodiak on April 10, under the supervision of the Chief of the Bureau's Branch of Loans and Grants. The first emergency loan case was re- ceived on April 11 and approved on April 13 along with two other cases that were fully processed over that weekend. With additional personnel, offices were also manned at An- chorage, Seward, Cordova, and Valdez, for several days at each location. Personnel in that Branch's Seattle office also handled e- mergency loan cases to assist those who went south seeking replacement vessels, or repairs to damaged vessels. July 1964 In April 34 applications for loans (totaling over $500,000) were handled in Alaska; 9 ad- ditional applications were being processed through the Seattle office. Throughout the month of May the affected areas were to be revisited and processing of loans was tocon- tinue as rapidly as possible. As many who lost vessels had not yet made firm plans to obtain replacement vessels, it was expected that applications would continue to be re- ceived sporadically for several more months. Exploratory Fishing Plans Completed: Arrangements were made by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Branch of Exploratory Fishing tocharter the halibut schooner Para- gon starting May 18 at Seattle. Unless earth- quake repercussions or other circumstances make it unfavorable, exploratory fishing per- sonnel planned to conduct about 3 weeks of underwater television experiments from Port Wakefield. Those studies, starting on or about May 26, were planned to determine the feasibility concerning the use of television for locating and studying king crab. Follow- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 At the hearing, sportsmen argued that commercial fishermen had already ruined the sardine industry and that the same thing would happen to the anchovies if the permits were granted. They said that the anchovy is the key to sport fishing in southern California and that without the anchovy as a forage fish, the bigger species such as yellowtail, barra- cuda, tuna, and albacore would have to mi- grate to more favorable waters toward Mexico. The California Fishand Game Commission voted 5-0 against the commercial fishermen's request. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p- 12. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products January-December 1963: The amount of steel and aluminum consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants during 1963 was down 6.9 percent from that Table 1 - U.S, Domestic Shipments of Metal Cans for Fishery Products, 1963 and 1962 Base Boxes of Metal Consumed in the Manufacture of Cans for Fishe | First Quarter | Second Quarter_| Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | Year a 155,814 | 158,531 | 215,924 | 189,556 | 276,572 821, 842 880, 367 32, 668 34,986 127, 866 98, 105 8 71 140 701, 1 594,561 1,921,655 2, 104, 112 Total all areas [ 558,588 906, 127 | 925, 120 | 523,217 | 647,304 | 2,871,434 | 3,082,724 | Laer Puerto Rico. 2/Includes Alaska and Hawaii. Receiving used during 1962. The decline was due to smaller shipments to the Eastern and Western Areas which were only partly offset by larger shipments to the Southern Area. The pack of salmon and tuna was down on the West Coast. A smaller pack of Maine sardines accounted for the decline in shipments to the East Coast. On the Gulf Coast, however, there was a con- siderable increase in the pack of shrimp. ing in the experimental studies on king crab, it is planned that detailed shrimp exploration will continue off Kodiak Island and westward along the Alaska Peninsula. California REQUEST FOR ANCHOVY INDUSTRIAL FISHERY DENIED: A request by commercial fishermen of Monterey, Calif., to take 13,000 tons of an- chovies for reduction into meal and oil was denied by the California State Fish and Game Commission. This was the result ofa special meeting held on May 11, 1964, at Monterey so that public comments could be heard on the proposed experiment to fish for anchovies for reduction purposes, and whether or not permits should be granted to firms in the Monterey area for that purpose. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW January-March 1964: Shipments of cans for fishery products during January-March 1964 were 2.6 percent below shipments inthe first quarter of 1963. A decline in shipments to the Western Area (due to a drop in the pack of tuna) was almost offset by larger shipments to the Eastern Area. East Coast canneries now packing tuna account for most of the increase in the Eastern Area. Table 2 - U, S, Domestic Shipments of Metal Cans for Fishery Products, Jan, -March 1963 and 1964 (Base Boxes of Metal Consumed in the Manufacture of Cans for Fishery Products) Receiving Area Eastl/etve se « Southern... . North Central. West2/ . 2.6. ‘Total all areas. . we eee e 572, 907 558, 588 it /Includes Puerto Rico. 2/Includes Alaska and Hawaii. In January-March 1964, shipments to the Pacific or Western Area accounted for 62.8 percent of total shipments; shipments to the Eastern Area accounted for 32.8 percent; and shipments to the Southern Area accounted for most of the remaining 4.4 percent. Most of the fish-canning facilities are located in the Pacific Area. Notes: (1) Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans, A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans in 1964 are derived by use of the factor 23.5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Jan. 1964 p. 9, April 1963 p. 15. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES CONTINUED: Townsend Cromwel ruise ; (March 16-April 5, 1964): To determine the rates of change in the distribution of oceano- graphic properties within the trade wind zone of the central North Pacific was the main ob- jective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Town- send Cromwell. The cruise was one of a series designed to investigate the relation between wind and ocean currents. (Recent studies of the oceanographic climate of the Hawaiian Islands region have revealed that the southern boundary of the high salinity North Pacific Central water is seasonally Vol. 26, No. 7 Legend: o Hydrographic station. e BT 4 Plankton station. ----Subtropical conversion line. (Crise track of M/V Townsend Cromwell Cmise 2 (March 16-April 5, 1964), and flow patterns based on geostrophic interpretation of the distribution of the depth of the 20° C, isotherm, displaced north-southward. Those surface water displacements are believed to be asso- ciated with seasonal changes in the trade wind system. In addition, the trade wind area is one of the most important energy transfer regions in the North Pacific and events there affect the whole North Pacific Central and North Pacific Equatorial circulation systems.) During the cruise, 42 oceanographic sta- tions were occupied. At each station temper- atures and samples for salinity analysis were obtained at 20 depth points extending to 1,500 meters. Bathythermograms were obtained at 30- mile intervals along the cruise track, and be- tween selected stations (19-21,26-28, and 35- 37) bathythermograph casts were made at 10- mile intervals. July 1964 Surface temperatures and water samples for salinity analysis were obtained at each bathythermograph observation. Bathythermograph data were coded and transmitted four times daily to the Fleet Nu- merical Weather Facility, Monterey, Calif. At station 25, while drifting relative toa parachute drogue, subsurface currents were measured by means of a meter at depths of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 meters. Sets of 10 plastic-enclosed drift cards were released at 30-mile intervals along the entire cruise track. Standard marine weather observations were made and transmitted 4 times daily. Radiation from sun and sky was measured and recorded daily by a pyrheliometer. Col- ored photographs of cloud formations were made. Surface plankton tows of 30 minutes were made daily with a 1-meter net. A standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was maintained by vessel personnel during daylight hours. In addition, observers from the Smithsonian Institution maintained a watch for birds. The chart shows, in addition to the cruise track, the ocean current pattern within the survey region as inferred from field plots of the distribution of the depths of the 20° C. (68° F.) isotherm. In general, the current pattern was Similar to that previously ob- tained by the same method during Townsend Cromwell Cruise 1 (February 14-March 6, 1964). However, the large counterclockwise eddy found at approximately 13°-14° N. lat- itude between 150°-155° W. longitude on Cruise 1 was not seen on the Cruise 2 dis- tribution. But two other flow patterns, not present during Cruise 1, were noted on the 20° C. isotherm chart for Cruise 2. Those flow patterns were: (1) a counterclockwise eddy at 18°-19° N. latitude between 1489- 153° W. longitude, and (2) a clockwise eddy between stations 6 and 7. At the time of Cruise 2, the subtropical convergence east of the Hawaiian Islands was located at about the same position as during Cruise 1. A total of 14 unidentified fish schools and 1 skipjack school were sighted during Cruise COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 2. Eleven of those schools, including the skip- jack school were sighted south of 15° N. lati- tude. The remaining 4 schools were sighted in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Island chain. jote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 13, Oct. 1963 p. 30. : tR 1) Ue oe Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY-APRIL 1964: Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, less fresh and frozen fishery products were purchased by the Defense Subsistence Supply Centers in April 1964 than in the pre- vious month. The decline was 27.2 percent in quantity and 26.9 percent in value. Com- pared with the same month in the previous year, purchases in April 1964 were down12.6 percent in quantity and 6.4 percent in value. Total purchases in the first 4 months of 1964 were up 5.2 percent in quantity, but down 6.3 percent invalue because of generally lower Table 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, April 1964 with Comparisons VALUE i Jan. -Apr. 1964 1963 [1964 | 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | aleretece) (2a000) bar) S17 000)rererenalete 1,734 | 1,985 | 8,524 4,458 | 4,757 ele eee e ( 903 965 eee 8, 102 Table 2 - Selected Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products| by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, April 1964 with Comparisons Brodnce April an. -April aire 1964 1963 | 1964 [1963 | ec ee © eee « (Pounds) «0 eee eee Shrimp: Raw headless , 1/ 276, 208 1/ Breaded 1,454, 100 1 [Scallops «219, 350 205,000[ 910, 350] 775,968 sters: Pacific 19,314] 1/ 93, 120 1 1 431, 867 99, 170 Fillets: Cod Flounder and sole Haddock 236, 100 | 364,030] 1, 247, 220 | 1, 334, 620 > Steaks: Halibut 116,770| 98,170] 423,795| 500,598 Salmon 15,675] 18,390 64,977 69,925) Swordfish 700} 2,050 6,010 11, 230 1/Breakdown not available. 2/Includes 8,650 pounds of haddock portions, 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW prices. In January-April 1964 there were larger purchases of shrimp, scallops, clams, and flounder fillets, but smaller purchases of cod fillets, haddock fillets, ocean perch fillets, and halibut steaks. Canned: In the first 4 months of 1964, to- tal purchases of the 3 principal canned fish- ery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) were up 88.2 percent in quantity and 87.1 per- Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, April 1964 with Comparisons April 1963 Lisei [163 1964 [1965] 1964 | 1963 | 46 107 | 189 cent in value from those in the same period of the previous year. The increase was due to larger purchases of tuna and salmon. The gain was partly offset by smaller purchases of canned sardines. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not obtainable. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 14. be Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SHRIMP GEAR STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “George M. Bowers Cruise 50-- Phase I (April 16-24, 1964): To continue evaluation of the electrical shrimp trawl was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel George M. Bowers. The main objec- tives were to determine the effectiveness of a mechanical tickler chain in conjunction with the electrical array during daylight fishing, and to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple mechanical ticklers. Trawling tests were conducted off the Florida coast in the Apalachicola-Carrabelle area. Tows were made in St. George Sound behind Dog Island in 4 fathoms of water. The bottom type was soft mud. A 40-foot flat trawl with 6-foot by 32-inch doors rigged with a tickler chain was fished on the star- board outrigger as standard gear, and the experimental electrical trawl was fished si- multaneously on the port side. Drags were of one hour duration. Tests were conducted both day and night. The night drags were Vol. 26, No. 7 made principally to estimate the quantity of shrimp available in the area. The three principal comparative evalua- tions made were: (1) daylight electric against daylight standard trawl; (2) daylight electric against night standard trawl; and (3) multiple mechanical ticklers against a single tickler chain. Catch results from the 20 comparative daylight drags showed the electrical trawl averaged 77 percent more shrimp than the standard gear with the electrical gear always catching more than the standard. Daylight electric catches ranged from 7 to 19 pounds and averaged 12 pounds. The daytime electric trawl catches aver- aged 10 percent less than night catches with the standard gear. Night catches from the 11 drags with standard gear ranged from 7 to 22 pounds and averaged 13 pounds. The chain tickler behind the electrode ar- ray did not appear to improve catches onthat type bottom. Five comparative drags were made to ob- tain an indication of the effect of two mechan- ical tickler devices. On all of those drags, the experimental trawl caught less than the standard net indicating no improvement at- trizutable to the double tickling action. The results of those drags were not used in the comparisons above. M/V "George M. Bowers" Cruise 50-- Phase II (May 6-12, 1964): To evaluate the handling characteristics and effectiveness of an electrical shrimp trawl equipped with transverse electrodes in place of the longi- tudinal electrode array used in previous tests was the primary objective of the second phase of Cruise 50. The vessel operated in the area off Carrabelle, Fla., and returned to port on ‘May 12, 1964. Dragging trials were conducted in St. George Sound behind Dog Island in 4 fathoms of water. The bottom type also was soft mud. A 40-foot semiballoon trawl with 6-foot by 30-inch doors rigged with a tickler chain was fished on the starboard side as a standard. The experimental gear was fished simultane- ously on the port side and was indentical ex- cept for the electrode array. Generally, results were the same as a- chieved with the longitudinal array--daytime July 1964 catches with the electrical gear exceeded the daytime catches of the standard gear but were less than the average of the night standard gear catches. Also, night catches with the electrical gear were less than those of the standard gear. The transverse electrode array design was easily handled with the standard shrimp- trawler rigging. Further tests of the electrical gear, using a "frame trawl," willbe conducted in St. An- drews Bay in the near future to determine: (1) vertical and horizontal escapement levels; (2) optimum electrode length; (3) optimum pulse rate; (4) optimum power level; and (5) relative effectiveness of longitudinal and transverse electrodes. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 18. 7K OK OK OK OK SHRIMP AND MENHADEN INVESTIGATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO CONTINUED: M/V “Oregon” Cruise 91 (March 30-April 17, 1964): The main objectives of this 18- Cia ena iis ve COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 day cruise in the western and southwestern Gulf of Mexico by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon were to: (1) make a preliminary sys- tematic survey of the previously undelineated marine fauna of the international waters from Brownsville, Tex., to latitude 23° N.; (2) ob- tain motion picture coverage of fauna in the 200-225 depth range; (3) spot check the sea- sonal abundance of royal-red shrimp resources of the Mississippi Delta and Brownsville areas; and (4) continue investigations on off-season menhaden occurrences along the Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas coasts. A total of 24 deep-water faunal transects were made at 100-fathom intervals from 100 to 1,000 fathoms along the Continental Slape off Mexico. Deep-sea snapper (Pristipomoides andersoni) dominated catches from 100 fath- oms. Hake (Urophycis sp.) and whiting (Mer- luccius sp.) were dominant in the 200-300- fathom depth range. Grenadiers (Macrouri- dae) were predominant in the deeper waters. Because of the unexplored nature of the off- shore waters south of Brownsville, specimens collected in that area constituted new distri- MEXICO Legend: © - Gill net. A - Camera set, @ - Shrimp trawl. O - Tumbler dredge. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW bution records. Four 400-foot rolls of 16 millimeter film (2 color and 2 black and white) were exposed in the royal-red shrimp depths. Royal-red shrimp catches from the grounds off Brownsville were very light. The best catches were made off the Mississippi Delta and consisted of 340 pounds of heads-on shrimp from three 3-hour drags in 220-225 fathoms. Twelve gill-net stations were occupied. At each station, 6 bottom and 6 surface sets were made in depths ranging from 7 to 20 fathoms. The gill-nets used were of No. 7 monofilament nylon thread made up in four 300-foot sections of 2 3-, 23-, 2 5-, and 3-inch stretched mesh, and one 300-foot section of No. 69,2 -inch stretched multifilament. The catch of large-scale menhaden (Brevoortia patro- nus) consisted of 30 specimens caught in the Surface sets and 23 taken in the bottom sets. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Beau- fort Biological Laboratory personnel con- ducted 25 plankton tows to supplement the studies on Gulf menhaden.) Other observations during the cruise in- cluded 18 bathythermograph casts made in conjunction with the deep-water faunal tran- sects off the Mexican coast. A series of mud Samples was collected from the royal-red shrimp grounds for tests of viscosity, adhe- Galveston Vol. 26, No. 7 siveness, and friction. Six tumbler-dredge stations were occupied in various depths to collect live molluscs for study. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 21. ri Gulf Fishery Investigatio ns SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus IIT” Cruise GUS-16 (April 14- 26, 1964): Shrimp sampling in the northwest - ern Gulf of Mexico was continued during this cruise by the chartered research vessel Gus III operated by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galves- ton, Tex. Eight statistical areas (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21) were covered. Stand- ard 3-hour tows with a 45-foot shrimp trawl were made. Although still light, catches were not as spotty as during the previous month's cruise in March 1964. During the April 1964 cruise, white shrimp were encountered in all statis - tical areas sampled, with the best catches be- ing taken in under 10 fathoms. The best catch- es of brown shrimp occurred in the deeper waters. Off Louisiana, area 14 yielded 24 pounds of 12-15 count brown shrimp from depths over 20 fathoms. Moving westward, a tow in area Legend: Bottom Isotherms °F. GULF OF MEXICO Fig. 1 - Bottom temperatures during M/V Gus III Cruise GUS 16 (April 14-26 1964). July 1964 16 produced 20 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp from depths under 10 fathoms, and area 17 yielded 13 pounds of 26-30 count white shrimp from the depth under 10 fath- oms. Off the Texas coast, area 18 produced 12 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp from depths over 20 fathoms and 12 pounds of 31- 40 count white shrimp from depths under 10 fathoms. In area 19, the 10-20 fathom range yielded 18 pounds of 26-30 count brown shrimp and 11 pounds of 15-20 count white shrimp. In area 21, a tow in 10-20 fathoms produced 24 pounds of 12-15 count brown shrimp. Fig. 2 - Station pattern for shrimp distribution studies. , A catch of 8 pounds of 51-67 count pink shrimp was taken from depths under 10 fath- oms in area 20, but only traces of pink shrimp were found in tows made in other areas. Oceanographic data collected during the cruise included 41 nansen bottle:and bathy- thermograph casts. In addition, 41 oblique- step plankton tows, and 10 bottom plankton tows were completed. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 22. Some of the highlights of studies conducted by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries during January-March 1964: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 SHRIMP BIOLOGY PROGRAM: Shrimp Larvae Stud- ies--Distribution and Abundance: Examination of 84 _ plankton samples collected in January and February 1963 showed that although planktonic-stage penaeids were distributed over the entire sampling area, there was a marked decrease in abundance from the high noted in December 1962. Penaeids were slightly more abundant in the offshore waters between Galveston and Port Aransas, Tex., than in waters east or west of that general area. Larval and postlarval shrimp of the genus Penaeus also decreased in numbers with the total catch being about 7 times lower in January and February 1963 than in December 1962. Mysis and postlarval stages, most abundant at the 15-, 25-, and 40-fathom stations, constituted about 70 percent of the January catch, while in February 90 per- cent of the sample catch consisted of postlarvae which were most abundant at the 4-, 74-, and 40-fathom sta- tions. To investigate the possibility that large concentra- tions of postlarval Penaeus sp. occur on the bottom just prior to their movement into nursery areas, a plankton '"'sled'' was constructed and put into operation early in the quarter. This device consists of a Gulf-V plankton net mounted on ski-type runners. The mouth of the plankton net is about 1 foot off the bottom when the runners are on the bottom. Results of the '"'sled" tows appear quite promising and use of this gear will continue on an exploratory basis. Migrations, Growth, and Mortality of Pink Shrimp: A third mark-recapture experiment was undertaken to obtain supplemental information on (1) rates of fishing and natural mortality in Tortugas pink shrimp stocks, (2) rate of growth as related to temperature, and (3) pattern of dispersal. Fig, 1-Shrimp being stained as part of the investigations on shrimp migrations. Beginning on February 15, 1964, shrimp for mark- ing were taken on the Tortugas grounds and delivered to a shore base at Stock Island (Key West), Fla. Those shrimp were measured, marked, and held for a few days before release over an area of 50 square miles 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW near the center of fishing activity on the Tortugas grounds. A total of 964 shrimp, measuring 118-128 millimeters (4.6-5.0 inches) in total length and marked with Trypan blue dye, were released on February 23; 1,392 shrimp measuring 115 millimeters (4.5 inches) or more in total length (approximate sizes retained by the shrimp fishery) and marked with fast green FCF dye, were released on February 24. All releases were made on the bottom by means of a release box. By March 20, a total of 256 recoveries had been verified. Of 360 seabed drifters designed to measure the di- rection and speed of bottom currents and released on the Tortugas grounds with the marked shrimp, about 90 had been recovered by commercial fishermen as of April 1. Abundance and Distribution of Pink Shrimp Larvae: Three sampling cruises were completed on the Tortu- gas shrimp grounds. Bottom temperatures on the first cruise (February 18 and 19) were about 18° to 19° C. (64.4° to 66.2° F.), and few or no pink shrimp larvae or postlarvae were taken. During the period covered, material contained in83 plankton samples was sorted and the penaeid shrimp counted and identified. This counting and sorting proc- ess has been facilitated by a new technique in which cupric ammonium sulfate is added to the sample to break up filamentous algae and detrital material in the Samples. A tentative card format has been developed for computer analysis of plankton data. The number of pink shrimp postlarvae sampled at the Buttonwood Canal bridge at Flamingo, Fla., was consistently found to be related to current velocity in the canal. When a plankton pump and a conventional plankton net were operated simultaneously, the plank- ton pump was found to catch more than twice as many pink shrimp postlarvae. (Conducted by Univers.ty of Miami under contract.) Juvenile Phase of the Life History of the Pink Shrimp in Everglades National Park (Fla.) Nursery eae Routine sampling with the large channel net for juvenile shrimp in Buttonwood Canal, Fla., con- tinued. The use of wing nets as comparative sampling devices was discontinued because of a lack of good correlation between catches by the wing nets and the channel net. The first field tests with a new conical net to determine the distribution of shrimp in the canal have proved promising. Since very few shrimp have been caught during flooding currents, sampling at that tidal stage will in the future be undertaken seasonally rather than monthly. The U.S. Weather Bureau has installed a recording barometer at Flamingo, Fla., and the data from that facility will now provide the opportunity to determine whether or not there is a relationship between shrimp movement in the canal and barometric pressure. (Con- ducted by University of Miami under contract.) Seasonal Distribution Patterns of Adult and Larval Shrimp in Aransas Pass (Tex.) Inlet: The “tide-trap data for May 1963 to March 1964 have been summa- rized. Peaks in the total biomass moving through Aransas Pass occur during the spring and fall transi- tion periods. In the spring, water temperatures rise and water levels are high, whereas in the fall temper- atures and levels both decline. Greatest seaward movement of juvenile brown shrimp and the less abun- dant pink shrimp usually occurred at the full moon. Vol. 26, No. 7 Seasonally, both species were most abundant in the Pass from the first week of May through June. Neither was collected between the middle of December and the first of May. Postlarval brown shrimp moved from the Gulf of Mexico through the Passin maximum numbers during April, May, and early June. The greatest number of pink shrimp postlarvae was noted in August and Septem- ber. The two species occurred in about equal numbers in late June, July, and early August. None was found between October and January. White shrimp postlarvae were noted only occasionally. (Conducted by Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, under contract.) SHRIMP DYNAMICS PROGRAM: Surveys of Post- larval Abundance and Fisheries for Bait (Juvenile) Shrimp: Weekly and semiweekly sampling to determine the abundance of postlarval shrimp as they move through Sabine Pass and Galveston Entrance (Bolivar), respec- tively, continued during the period covered. In addition to those collected at the shore-zone station, samples were also obtained concurrently at two deep-water sta- tions established in the entrance to Galveston Bay. A 12-inch Clarke-Bumpus net was used at the deep-water stations being fished at the surface and just off the bottom. No postlarval penaeid shrimp were caught at the Bo- livar station during January. A few (19) were taken in February. The first postlarvae collected this season at the Sabine Pass station were taken on March 18. It appeared that a later-than-usual movement of postlar- val penaeid shrimp into Galveston Bay occurred this year.. All specimens taken during the period were iden- tified as brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus). For the first time since extensive statistical cover- age was initiated in 1959, no shrimp were taken for bait from Galveston Bay during January. Final totals for last year indicate that while bait shrimp production de- creased by 6 percent in 1963, the average catch per unit of effort increased by 13 percent. ‘Table 1 - Catch and Fishing Effort in Galveston Bay Shrimp Fishery, 1962-1963 Fishing Average Catch Year Effort Per Hour 1963 4 1962 Commercial Catch Sampling: The normal late-win- ter period of low shrimp productionalong the Texas and Louisiana coasts provided an opportunity to analyze data previously collected in those areas. Maps illus- trating the spatial distribution of catch and effort in the Texas brown shrimp fishery were constructed for the period August-December 1963. The maps are to be used to relate fishing intensity to changes in shrimp density. Data collected were used tocompare statistics of relative size composition of shrimp as determined by the box and machine methods of grading. Results indicated that the two processes give similar results when large numbers of landings are compared. During some parts of the year, however, the reported size com- position was found to be biased, presumably as a result of marketing practices. Lbs. Hrs, Lbs. 1,994, 600 29, 120 3 1,062,900 33, 620 31 A canvass of vessels fishing on the Tortugas grounds was continued during the period. Information relative to catch, effort, fishing area, and discards of small shrimp was obtained from more than half of the fishing fleet land- ing its catch at Key West, Fla. Three trips were made by Bureau personnel on commercial shrimp vessels to obtain data concerning the size of shrimp culled at sea July 1964 Migrations, Growth, and Mortality of Brown and White Shrimp: The brown shrimp mark-recapture ex- periment undertaken off the. Mississippi coast in June 1963 was ended, with 429 (9 percent) of the 4,801 stained shrimp recovered. Inspection of the recovery pattern indicated little dispersion of the marked group from its general area of release. Calculations of fish- ing effort expended in the study area during the study period (June-August 1963) were completed. Examina- tion of the effort indicated that it varied with time and followed a downward trend. Of the 3,115 stained white shrimp released in Gal- veston Bay in August 1963, 412 (13 percent) have been returned. Work was completed on the tabulation and calculation of fishing effort expended in the study area. Fishing effort was found to vary with time and declined slowly in magnitude from mid-August through Septem- ber 1963. Preliminary evaluation of mortality per 10- day interval yielded values of 15 percent for natural mortality and 10 to 18 percent for fishing mortality. Fig. 2 -Diagram of the life cycle of the white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), The most direct means presently used for estima- ting the growth of shrimp is by mark-recapture exper- iments using biological stains as marks. Because bio- logical stains concentrate in the gills, the questionhas arisen as to whether or not the stain affects oxygen up- take and, subsequently, metabolism and growth. To answer that question, a series of laboratory experi- ments was initiated in which the oxygen uptake of whole individuals as well as gill tissue from stained and un- marked shrimp was measured. If the oxygen uptake of stained individuals proved lower than that of un- stained shrimp, it could be assumed that stains retard growth. Preliminary results from those experiments indicate no difference in oxygen uptake between stained and unstained shrimp. Population Dynamics: Studies related to the selec- tive characteristics of shrimp nets and those concern- ed with the relative fishing power of shrimp vessels were continued. Measurements of a large number of shrimp collected during net trials in fall 1963 were completed. Results from those experiments show that Significantly fewer shrimp escape from the body of shrimp nets than from the cod ‘ends. But when nets with meshes as large as 23 inches and 3 inches (stretched mesh) are used, about one-third and two- thirds of the 40-count shrimp encountered escape from the body of the net. Almost no marketable shrimp (less than 68 count) escape from nets with meshes measuring 13 and 2 inches, the sizes commonly used by commercial fishermen. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 An improved method for processing data requiredto evaluate the comparative fishing power of shrimp boats has been developed. The procedure now in use will make it feasible to compare boats fishing in different geographic areas and on different species of shrimp. The Seasonal, Occurrence, Distribution, and Abun- dance of Postlarval Brown and White Shrimp in Ver- milion Bay (La.): Beam-trawl sampling of postlarval Prine: nece nea eenuseert Three stations were occupied biweekly, a fourth station once a week, and the remain- der not at all. Certain stations were not checked ac- cording to schedule due to inaccessability resulting from rough-waterconditions. Postlarvalbrown shrimp first appeared in samples taken on February 24, 1964, at the station in Southwest Pass. (Conducted by Uni- versity of Southwestern Louisiana under contract.) Abundance of Postlarval Shrimp in Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Waters: As of the end of March 1964, identification of all postlarval shrimp taken during the study was completed. Specimens in 636 samples in- cluded 37,250 penaeids belonging to one of the three major commercial species. Of those, 5,257 wereclass- ed as juveniles. Specific composition of the inshore postlarval collections (November 1962-October 1963) and the 1962 commercial landings from Mississippi Sound (Area 011.1) are shown in table. Table 2 - Mississippi Sound 1962 Commercial Shrimp Landings and Inshore Postlarval Collections [toa [pom WS Commercial landings, 1962 Pare 61.0 . [Pink | Reni i 1.0 | 319 | 6.2 Nrba Saws | [aus | ma [oa (Nov. 1962-Oct, 1963) no. } 25,974 Brown shrimp postlarvae appeared early in Febru- ary this year and sampling was increased immediately. Some offshore island stations were eliminated and two stations were added to extend the sampling to the mouth of Tchouticabouffa River. Numbers of postlarvae in- creased rapidly through March. The average catch at stations sampled in both years was more than twice that of the corresponding period in 1963. (Conducted by Gulf Coast Research Laboratory under contract.) Item ESTUARINE PROGRAM: Ecology of Western Gulf Estuaries: Systematic data collection according to the plan initiated in January 1963 was refined following completion of sampling operations in February 1964. The addition of 8 marsh stations and 6 plankton stations should provide better biological coverage of the Gal- veston Bay system, whereas the inclusion of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and phosphate measurements at 40 of the previously established hydrology stations will enhance the water-quality aspects of the overall study. Sampling with small trawls will continue on a monthly basis at 64 of the original 65 stations. Recent acquisi- tion by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the re- search vessel Redfish (a 29-foot inboard cabincruiser) is expected to greatly facilitate future sampling activity. This vessel was put into service on a trial basis in March and was to be completely outfitted and ready for extensive operation by mid-April 1964. The total weight and numbers of organisms collected during the period were well below those of the previous quarter. This reduction is attributed to the low water temperatures sustained during January and February, averaging 10.0° and 12.9° C. (50.0° and 55.2° F.), re- spectively. Temperatures during March increased - 18 Significantly, averaging 17.99 C. (64.29 F.), as did the quantity of trawi-caught individuals. The Atlantic croaker was the dominant species taken in trawl samples throughout the system during the pe- riod. The bay anchovy persisted at about the same. level as in the previous period. Adult white shrimp and blue crab, which were found in very small numbers during January and February in the deep-water chan- nels, appeared to be slowly moving back into the bay in March. Gravid female blue crabs appeared in March for the first time since November 1963, while adult brown shrimp were very scarce throughout the period. An indication that menhaden had spawned, possibly in November or December, was confirmed by the appear- ance of large numbers of postlarvae in plankton sam- ples collected during February and March. Intensive sampling for postlarval brown shrimp throughout the Galveston estuary was initiated on a weekly basis early in March. It is scheduled to con- tinue throughout the period of peak influx of postlarvae and until the young shrimp begin to enter the trawl catches as juveniles. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of dispersion of postlarval shrimp throughout the system and to establish their relative abundance in the various habitats and areas within the system. As of March 11, 1964, brown shrimp postlar- vae were in evidence in small numbers in East and Lower Galveston Bays. A gross examination of sam- ples collected a week later indicated an increase in numbers in those two areas and dispersion throughout most of the estuary. Peak immigration, however, did not appear to have been reached by mid-March. Number and average weight data for brown and white shrimp collected during 1963 were compiled in terms of unit of effort (5 minutes of trawling) and then grouped by subarea as well as habitat. On an annual basis (1963), the greatest abundance of white shrimp occurred in East Bay, followed in diminishing order by Trinity Bay, Upper Galveston Bay, Lower Galveston Bay, the mouth of the San Jacinto River, and the tidal pass at Galveston Entrance. East Bay also had the highest average catch of brown shrimp followed by Trinity Bay, the mouth of the San Jacinto River, Upper Galveston Bay, Lower Galveston Bay, and the tidal pass. The smallest shrimp, both white and brown, were taken in the upper bays (East and Trinity) while the largest individuals were caught near large oyster reefs in the lower bay areas, in the tidal pass, and in the adjacent Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, adja- cent to Fast Bay, yielded high catches of small white and brown shrimp, indicating it is a major transport system from the tidal pass and East Bay to thousands of acres of adjoining and connecting marshes. The most important habitat for white shrimp seemed to be the system's tertiary bays and bayous as against other habitat types such as the open-water and shore- line areas of the larger bays. In contrast, average catches of brown shrimp from the shoreline areas of the larger bays were as good as those from the tertiary bays and bayous. INDUSTRIAL BOTTOMFISH FISHERY PROGRAM: Life Histories of Central Gu ottomfish: Len and weight frequency distributions of Atlantic croaker col- lected during research as well as commercial vessel operations in Mobile Bay, Mississippi Sound, and in the Gulf east of the Mississippi River Delta revealed the presence of three distinctly separate size groups during October 1963. Fish in Mobile Bay and in Mis- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES: REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 sissippi Sound averaged 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) in total length and 15 grams (0.5 ounce) in weight, and were presumed to be 1 year old. Individuals collected from industrial bottomfish catches made on near-shore grounds (2 to 7 fathoms) in the Gulf averaged 17 centi- meters (6.7 inches) and 50 grams (1.7 ounces), and were classified as 2-year-old and older fish. Speci- mens caught offshore in 15-40 fathoms averaged 20.0 centimeters (7.8 inches) and 83 grams (2.9 ounces), and are considered to have been 3 years old. It is therefore apparent that the fall fishery is dependent upon 2- and 3-year-old fish, while 1-year-old croaker remain large- ly unavailable. Three-year-old fish in offshore areas do not contribute significantly during the fall season. Samples of juvenile fish collected in Mississippi Sound and adjacent estuaries during the fall and winter of 1963-64 by personnel of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Gulf Coast Research Laboratory working on the postlarval shrimp project were being examined for the presence of croaker. A total of 1,400 croaker taken in October and December 1963 during research vessel operations off the northern Gulf coast by biologists of the Bureau's Biological Laboratory at Galveston were processed for life history data. Commercial Catch Sampling: The annual bottomfish landings by species in the Delta region during the 5- year period 1959-1963 is summarized in table. Table 3 - Summary of Bottomfish Landings in Delta Region, 1959-1963 Sea All Year Croaker | Spot | Trout 1/ | Cutlassfish | Other | Total ee ce 0 eo oe ec (1,000 Tons). sc ee ee 25.2 3 [Average | 23.2 [4.5] 3.4 | |Percentage[ 56 [ii [ 8 [| 4 [21 | - | 1/Sand and silver. The industrial fish catch in 1963 (excluding men- haden) dropped 18 percent to about 39,600 tons. Atfour ports in Louisiana and Mississippi, 2,055 vessel land- ings represented a 29-percent decrease over 1962. In- creased use of tuna, chicken parts, and beef and pork byproducts in canned petfoods was primarily responsi- ble for the drop in the demand for fish. Competition from a growing number of other petfood companies also contributed to the decreased use of Gulf bottomfish. Increasing 6 percent from the previous year, the esti- mated catch of croaker in 1963 was 64 percent of the total of all fish landed. Spot accounted for 9 percent, sand and silver sea trout combined amounted to about 6 percent, while cutlassfish contributed nearly 4 per- cent. Measurements of total catch, relative abundance, and total fishing effort have been completed for the north- central Gulf by month from 1959 through 1962. Analyses of the data according to subareas were partially com- pleted. Distribution and Abundance of Western Gulf Bottom- fish: Processing of subsamples of fish collected during the regularly scheduled survey cruises continued. The finfish catch-per-unit-of-effort for 1963 discloses, as did the data for 1962, that the concentration of indus- trial-type bottomfish is much greater off Louisiana thar off Texas. July 1964 Table 4 - Industrial-Type Bottomfish Catch Per-Unit-of-Effort, 1963 Texas | Louisiana (West of Mississippi River) Trawling with 45-foot (flat) 250 220 2-inch mesh trawl with rollers. Observations of an experimental group of Atlantic croaker held in a 28,000-gallon 18-foot high tank of re- circulating sea water have indicated that the fish are usually more active when not near the bottom, and that they only infrequently leave the bottom, even during daylight hours, when the water temperature remains as low as it does during the winter season. It appears that the magnitude of their diurnal variation, with reference to the bottom, is related to water temperature. Distinct diurnal variation in sample catches of spot, a closely related species, was observed and studied during an offshore cruise. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p, 17. Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: roduction by Areas, April relim- inary data on U.S. production | of Tish meal, oil, and solubles for April 1964 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Associa- tion of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. U.S. Production+/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas, April 1964 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Oil_| Solubles e e e » (Short Tons) ... Homogenized3/ 8,327 Sea oars 15,273 | 665s | 7,350 | = [15,902 | 7,757 | 7,018 | 1,250 | 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp eal, and liver oils. 2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. '3/Includes condensed fish. an.-Apr. 1964 Total, ... ee 1963 als ic e's OK OK OK Production, February 1964: During February 1964, a to- tal o} tons of fish meal and scrap and 236,000 pounds of marine animal oil was produced in the United States. Compared with February 1963 this was a decrease of 1,013 tons (35.6 percent) in meal production and 88,000 pounds (27.2 percent) in oil production. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 The quantity of fish solubles manufactured in February 1964 amounted to 592 tons--631 tons less than in February 1963, Production of tuna and mackerel meal amounted to 898 tons which accounted for about 49.0 percent of the Februar -meal production. Oilfrom tuna and mackerel (120,000 Bunnie’: comprised 50.8 percent of the February oil production, U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, February 19641/ with Comparisons Product Fish Meal and Scrap: Herring Menhaden 3/ Sardine, Pacific Tuna and mackerel .. . Unclassified Herring Menhaden 3/ Sardine, Pacific Tuna and mackerel ... Other (including whale) 1/Preliminary data. 2/Included with unclassified. 3/Includes a small quantity of thread herring, 4/Not available on a monthly basis. Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, APRIL 1, 1964: anners’ stocks o aine sardines on A- pril1, 1964, were 41,000 cases less than those on hand April 1, 1963, butwere 613,000cases above stocks on hand two years ago on April 1, 1962 (the pack for the 1961 season was un- usually small). The 1963 season pack totaled 1,584,000 standard cases, according to the Maine Sar- dine Council. On April 15, 1963, carryover stocks at the canners! level amounted toabout 660,000 cases. Adding the 1963 season pack results in a total supply of 2,244,000 cases as of April 1, 1964--up 4.4 percent from the to- tal supply of 2,150,000 cases reported April 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors' and Canners! Stocks, April 1, 1964, with Comparisons. 1963/64 Season 1961/62 wis 215 264 271 ae re cee 3] 1/1763 [11/1762 arenpe re [are a } Distributors | 1,000 actual cases} 291 261 = ae Canners 1,000 std. cases2/| 658 1,063 | 1,255 643 Leet represents marketing season from arene 1-October 31. 2/100 3=-oz. cans equal one standard case. 230 as 193 536 699 | 1,092 | 1,348 374 144 lote: Beginning with the Canned Food Report of April 1, 1963, U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates of distributors' stocks were based On a revised sample of merchant wholesalers and warehouses of retail multiunit organizations. The revised sample resulted in better coverage. The January 1, 1963, survey was conducted with both samples to provide an approximate measure of the difference in the two samples. That survey showed that the estimate of distributors' stocks of canned Maine sardines from the revised sample was 13 percent above that given by the old sample. Source: 1, 1963, and higher by 98.9 percent from the short supply of 1,128,000 cases of April 1, 1962. lote: e Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 22. Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1963: The total supply of edible fishery products for 1963 (domestic catch plus imports) drop- ped about 3 percent below the record high of 1962. Ona round-weight basis (as caught), United States imports of fishery products ac- counted for 45 percent of the edible supply and domestic landings accounted for 55 per- cent. This was a record high proportion for imports and a new low for United States fish- ery landings. The 1963 edible fish landings by United States fishermen declined about 85 million pounds from 1962. Landings were sharply lower for salmon, whiting, ocean perch, Pa- cific mackerel, haddock, Maine herring, blue crab, and Pacific sardines. Increased land- ings of shrimp, king crab, and yellowtail flounder partially offset the declines. The United States landings of edible fish and shell - fish have trended downward since 1950. The United States per capita consumption of fishery products declined slightly to 10.6 pounds in 1963, and no appreciable change is in prospect for 1964. United States holdings of fishery products in cold storage early in 1964 were a little a- bove a year earlier, indicating an adequate supply until commercial landings increase seasonally. Stocks of frozen ocean perchand cod fillets and steaks were well above the Same period last year and inventories of hali- but and shrimp were substantially higher. A- mong the canned fishery products, shrimpand canned pink salmon stocks were larger than the same period a year earlier. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Canned Food Report, April 1, 1964. In general, retail prices of fishery prod- ucts are more favorable for the American consumer than a year earlier. They were ex- pected to hold about steady through the second quarter of 1964. Note: This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, and published inthe Department of Agriculture's May 1964 issue of the National Food Situation (NFS- = te SPORT FISH SURVEY IN GREAT LAKES WATERS: n inventory of the sport fishing potential in Michigan's Great Lakes waters was begun in the spring of 1964 by the Michigan State Department of Conservation. The survey is part of a broader effort to develop an improved program of commercial and sport fisheries management of the inshore waters of the Great Lakes. Michigan At the start, the inventory program was devoted to examining the backlog of available information, and to setting up a field crew for exploratory fishing. For the next several years, the exploratory team will carry ona systematic study of Great Lakes inshore wa- ters to find new areas for sport fishing. (News Bulletin, Michigan Department of Conserva- tion, April 23, 1964.) Minnesota REGULATIONS FOR FISH-PROCESSING ESTABLISHMENTS: The Minnesota State Department of Agri- culture published rules and regulations in early 1964 relating to fish-processing estab- lishments. Included in the new rules and reg- ulations are stipulations requiring a permit to process fish for sale at wholesale. The July 1964 permit must be renewed annually and the re- newal is subject to satisfactory sanitary con- ditions of the plant. The regulations cover construction of buildings and structures, wa- ter supply, sanitary facilities and accommo- dations, processing equipment, operations and operating procedures, and health of per- sonnel. National Fisheries Center and Aquarium DESIGN PROGRAM BEING PREPARED: An architectural firm in Bryan, Tex., has been selected to prepare a design program for the National Fisheries Center and Aquar- ium to be built in Washington, D.C., the Gen- eral Services Administration (GSA) andU.S. Department of the Interior announced on May 8, 1964. The Public Buildings Service of GSA negotiated a $50,000 contract with the Texas architectural firm to prepare propos - als for allocating facilities within the Fish- eries Center for convenience of public view - ing and operations. The design program was expected to be completed by June 1964. After approval, the program would serve as the basis for archi- tectural design of the Fisheries Center. The design will be done by two firms selected earlier. The design program will include recommendations for traffic access to the aquarium site in East Potomac Park, parking accommodations, and other aspects of site development at Hains Point, a short distance south of the Nation's Capitol. The program also will make recommendations for the placement of facilities according to their re- lationship within the Fisheries Center, such as the type and location of display areas, public viewing facilities, research laborato- ries, and feed rooms and water supply se for aquatic animals. The National Fisheries Center which will cost an estimated $10 million and show a- bout 1,300 different kinds of aquatic life is expected to be completed in late 1967. Leg- islation by Congress in 1962 which author- ized the Fisheries Center requires that itbe self-supporting. Construction and operations costs are to be paid from an admission charge to all except supervised youth groups. KK Ok ok COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 RESEARCH FACILITIES TO BE EXTENSIVE: The National Fisheries Center and Aquar- ium being designed for construction in Wash- ington, D.C., will serve the dual function of an educational center and aquatic research institution. It promises to be outstanding in both fields, the U.S. Department of the In- terior reported on May 10, 1964. The self-supporting Fisheries Center will display one of the world's largest collections of aquatic life in near-natural habitat, ranging from dolphins tobarnacles. Behind the scenes,, but basic to operation of the Center, will be research accommodations for 32 scientists. They will be drawn from several agencies of the Federal Government, from private insti- tutions and universities, and from foreign countries. The National Fisheries Center will be op- erated by the Interior Department's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Scientists of that Bureau will conduct research in ge- netics, reproduction, nutrition, fish diseases, experimental ecology, behavior of aquatic organisms, and production of antibiotics and chemicals by marine animals. Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall said the broadly based research program is expected to make important contributions to the fishery sciences and to human health. Some of the studies may have application in national defense. The Of- fice of Naval Research, for example, seeks answers to some of its most vexing problems through biological research on marine or- ganisms. The studies may lead to better ves- sel design, more efficient underwater com- munications, and better protection against dangerous forms of sea life. Several other Government agencies have also been inter- viewed by the Acting Director of the Fisheries Center to learn how the new facility canserve their research programs. The head of the Biology Branch, Office of Naval Research, proposed that the Fisheries Center include facilities for growing and maintaining marine invertebrates, such as squid and barnacles. He said a problemcom- mon to all such research is a shortage of healthy marine animals and plants for ex- periments. If the National Fisheries Center can help ease this shortage, he said, it would provide a valuable service to the country's scientific community. The squid is of special research importance because its large cen- tral nerve fiber permits a variety of experi- 22 ments. Also needed is a better supply of the Nubilis barnacle, because of its large muscle sheath. The Hydrobiology Research Program of the Office of Naval Research is supporting more than 120 basic research projects in academic and industrial institutions in the United States and abroad. One of the most important quests is for ways to prevent the fouling of ships and underwater equipment. The Naval Research official said more than 2,000 marine plants and animals have been implicated as fouling pests. The cost to the U.S. Navy alone for protecting ships, water- front structures, and other equipment from these pests is about $100 million a year. The continued development of new kinds of underwater equipment willfurther increase the cost. Both the military and industry are beginning to place large stationary structures on the bottom of the ocean, or close to the bottom. These include acoustic devices and other instruments for geophysical and ma- rine biological exploration. Once the struc- tures are submerged, it will be impossible in some cases to retrieve them for mainten- ance and repair. There will be no way tu clean off accumulated marine organisms that could impair operation of the equipment. The solution appears to be in long-life protection against fouling. The research approach is to learn more about the steps or links in the chain of biological processes which govern the life of the offending organisms. Scien- tists hope that weak biological links can be found and that they will offer a key to control methods. Another research objective is to findways to repel or deter dangerous forms of marine life which hamper underwater and amphibious operations. Better protection is needed against sharks, barracuda, moray eels, and other carnivorous marine species. Research- ers are also looking into the problem caused by a variety of poisonous organisms in the sea. Scientists are trying to learn more about the ability of some marine organisms toemit light so this phenomenon can be controlled. During World War II, several ships were attacked because the wake of their propellers churned up the organisms and caused them to glow in the dark. The intensity and rate of biological light emission was also said to be a useful tool for measuring energy con- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 version in living tissue. This information is acknowledged to be important to a variety of biomedial investigations. There is interest in the ability of some marine animals to nav- igate over long distances with extreme accu- racy and in their ability to communicate ef- ficiently with each other. The U.S. Navy hopes that by discovering the biological basis for these capabilities, it may be able to simulate some of the desirable features by mechanical or electronic means. A marine species of particular interest is the dolphin, which has a remarkably well- developed natural sonar. The dolphin uses its echo-ranging ability to find food and to avoid obstructions in murky water. Some ex- periments indicate that it can even distinguish the shape and texture of hidden objects. It is generally conceded that the dolphin's natural sonar is far superior tothe manmade version. The hydrodynamics of the dolphin also offers a promising field of research. The dolphin swims through water with an almost complete absence of drag. When researchers find out how, the answer may result in better design for both surface vessels and submarines. ser ean ii Dolphin Other areas of Scientific interest include the ability of some aquatic organisms to dive deeply without the adverse effects sometimes suffered by human divers. There also is in- terest in the development of artificial gills to obtain oxygen from water, andthe use of algae. to purify air in underwater equipment. The Acting Director of the National Fish- eries Center said that the new facility will provide every possible assistance to the Of- fice of Naval Research in reaching its research objectives. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 pp. 26 and 27; April 1964 p. 22. — July 1964 North Atlantic Fisheries, Developments in the North Atlantic fish- eries as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries North Atlantic Regional Office, Gloucester, Mass., May 13, 1964: SOVIET FISHING VESSELS RETURN TO NEW ENGLAND WATERS: About 60 Soviet fishing vessels and support craft returned to the fishing grounds off New England during the last week in April 1964, after a winter during which few foreign vessels were seen. A total of 32 Soviet factory stern trawlers, 25 side trawlers, and 5 refrigerated fish trans- ports were observed fishing for whiting 130 miles east of Nantucket Island. From 10 to 15 Soviet trawlers were also seen fishing for scup (porgy) off the coast of Vriginia and North Carolina. HADDOCK AND WHITING ABUNDANCE ON GEORGES BANK HOLDING UP DESPITE nations fished on Georges Bank during 1963. They were from Canada, U.S.S.R., Poland, Germany, Japan, Norway, Denmark, United Kingdom, and the United States. Despite such heavy fishing pressure, haddock stocks are holding up well, and the large 1963 year- class is expected to enter the fishery next year (1965). No evidence has been noted of a serious decrease in the abundance of whit- ing. Fluctuations in yellowtail flounder stocks, fished heavily by United States fish- ermen, do not appear to be closely related to fishing effort. Estimates of the abundance of various species of groundfish by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., are greatly facilitated because of the Bureau's new re- search vessel Albatross IV. SIGNAL USED TO INDICATE U.S. VES- SEL IS FISHING: United States vessels fish- ing close to the Soviet fishing fleet this sum- mer are asked to display a basket in their rigging. It is the only signal Soviet vessels will recognize that another vessel is fishing and thereby yield the right of way. Le North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations NORTHERN EDGE OF GEORGES BANK SURVEYED: M/V “Albatross IV™ Cruise 64-6 (April 23-May 6, 1964): To obtain pictures of fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 on or near the bottom, to conduct a special sampling experiment, and to tag blackback flounders at the Northern Edge of Georges Bank was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search vessel Albatross IV. A total of 80 survey stations were com- pleted on this cruise, 526 blackback flounders were tagged, 20 camera lowerings were made, and 400 haddock scales and 120 argentine otoliths were collected. A temperature-re- cording buoy was set near Block Island, and bathythermograph lowerings were made throughout the cruise. The results of this survey by the Albatross IV will be known following further analysis of data collected. Films from the underwater camera showed that turbidity was a major problem in obtaining photographs of fish or bottom. Note: See Commercial Fisheries i 2 ——_ North Pacific Exploratory eview, June 1964 p. 21, Fishery Program DEMERSAL FISH OFF SOUTHERN WASHINGTON SURVEYED: n investigation of the demersal fish of the continental slope off southern Washington was started April 13, 1964, when the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb left her base at Seattle, Wash. Sablefish During the early phase of the investigation a series of tracklines was run to establish the bottom topography of the region and to de- termine areas where potential experimental fishing could be conducted. Some of the first experimental drags made at depths greater than 300 fathoms yielded catches of sablefish exceeding 1,200 pounds an hour. Relatively large concentrations of ocean perch were also found (3,000 pounds per hour tow) near the con- tinental break at depths of about 105 fathoms. | ae | 24 Oceanography OBSERVATIONS IN PACIFIC NORTHWEST COASTAL WATERS BY BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH VESSEL: M/V "George B. Kelez™ Third Oceano- graphic Cruise: To develop a capability for handling and tracking buoys was the primary objective of this oceanographic cruise in Pa- cific Northwest coastal waters by the U.&. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel George B. Kelez. The vessel left her base at Seattle, Wash., on April 17, 1964, for this third scheduled cruise. Physical, chem- ical, and biological observations at a number of stations within 550 miles offshore of Brit- ish Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, were to be made. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel George B. Kelez. rT; The Kelez was to initiate a new project during this cruise--several free-drifting transponding telemetry buoys were to be re- leased some 500 miles off the Pacific North- west coast. It is anticipated that this new project will lead to the establishment of a system that will permit forecasts of coastal oceanographic conditions. During one phase of this cruise, the Kelez was scheduled to make closely-spaced oceanographic obser- vations with the Oregon State University re- search vessel Acona. Ke OK me oe BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH VESSEL ''GERONIMO" MAKES NEW DISCOVERIES: The probable discovery of a new ocean current and the finding of an unusually "hot ocean area,'' were the results of a four-month COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 oceanographic research cruise (EQUALANT Ill) off the central west coast of Africa by the research vessel Geronimo, operated by the Washington, D.C., Biological Laboratory of; the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The discovery of a new ocean current is rel- atively rare with only a few having been found in the past 50 years. Scientific personnel aboard the Geronimo had first indications of a westerly flowingun- - dercurrent in the Gulf of Guinea in September 1963 when EQUALANT II (the second phase of the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic) was being completed, and the Syncom II communications satellite transmitted oceanographic data for the first time. On that voyage, test equipment dropped from the vessel into the easterly flowing Guinean Current was unexpectedly pulled to the west at the end of long wires. On the last cruise completed May 12, 1964, as part of EQUALANT III, the Geronimo went back to the Gulf of Guinea and obtained addi- tional data which supports the probable exist- ence of the newly discovered current. The Director of the Bureau's Biological Labora- tory at Washington, D.C., said a current me- ter aboard the vessel did not function proper- ly, but other measurements indicated that the undercurrent is from 50 to 80 feet below the ocean surface. He said no data have been ob- tained on the dimensions and velocity of the current but that further studies will probably be made in the fall of 1964 or the following spring. The chief of the scientific group aboard the Geronimo on this recent voyage said the so- called ocean "hot spot'’ was found early in February 1964, and began about 30 miles southeast of Cape Three Points, Ghana. The hot ocean area measured about 60 miles in diameter and extended to a depth of about 30 feet. The water temperature in the area was 88° F., 6 degrees higher than the surrounding ocean. That warmer area was reported to be virtually without motion and may have resulted from a surrounding counter-clockwise eddy. The Geronimo's chief scientist said there was an unusually large concentration of tuna at one point on the edge of the "hot spot,'' and that this apparently was associated with an adjacent upwelling of water from the ocean floor which brought nutrients to the surface. The "hot spot'' disappeared 10 days after it was discovered by the Bureau's research ves- July 1964 sel. Further study is to be made in that area to learn if the heated water recurs. Tuna fishing in the area of the discovery is said to be traditionally good, and this may be relat- ed to a recurrence of the separate warmer water area. Other oceanographic research vessels which participated in the most recent study of ocean currents and fishery resources in the area off the African Coast were sponsored by the University of Miami and the Govern- ments of Ghana, Congo-Brazzaville, Spain, Republic of Ivory Coast, and the Soviet Union. lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1963 pp. 37 and 60. OK OK OK OK TWO NEW ENGLAND UNIVERSITIES MAY ADD MARINE SCIENCE PROGRAMS: The University of Massachusetts at Am- herst has set up a commission to study the feasibility of establishing a fishery technology school. Also, the University of Maine is con- sidering the addition of a marine laboratory. The plans of both schools have been discuss - ed with the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries. HK OK OK OK OK RHODE ISLAND UNIVERSITY RECEIVES FUNDS FOR GRADUATE RESEARCH TRAINING GRANTS: total of $166,380 has been awarde the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography by the National In- stitutes of Health to provide graduate research training grants, announced the dean of the University's Graduate School on May 21, 1964. It is the largest amount for that pur- pose ever received by the school. to Starting July 1, 1964, the grants will be used to provide financial support for 20 grad- uate students (mostly doctoral candidates) during the next five years. In addition, the funds will defray the costs of student train- ing cruises aboard the University of Rhode Island research vessel Trident, the purchase of some equipment and supplies, and also help meet some of the Graduate School's op- erating costs through an "overhead" allow - ance. The School's dean said they "have been in considerable need of a financial assistance program for graduate students and that the’ lack of sufficient funds for that purpose has been an obstacle to enrolling many of the qualified students who apply each year." COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 There are now 41 graduate students at the School of Oceanography, who are assisted di- rectly or indirectly by the University of Rhode Island, the National Defense Education Act, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Naval Research, and others. The grants by the National Institutes of Health will mean five additional students will be on campus the first and fifth years of the program. During the middle three years of the undertaking, 10 additional students each year will increase enrollments some 25 per- cent. Each will receive funds for the calen- dar year totaling $3,000. It is expected the students will be on campus for two years each. The dean of the Graduate School said that "oceanography has a direct bearing on public health problems. The inevitable direction of flow of all industrial and domestic wastes is into the estuarine and subsequently into the coastal marine environment. To understand how these wastes may be dissipated and per- haps converted, absorbed, or dispersed in the environment, requires broader knowledge of -estuarine and coastal exchange, flushing, and other circulation processes. ' This latest training grant raises to more than $1 million the amount received in grants by the Graduate School of Oceanography ina period of several weeks. Earlier the National Science Foundation had awarded $850,000 to the School for the construction of a new lab- oratory-office building to be built on the Uni- versity of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 27. OK OK OK OK NEW RESEARCH LABORATORY DEDICATED AT WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION: A new $2-million research laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was formally dedicated May 8, 1964, at Woods Hole, Mass. Named the Laboratory for Ma- rine Sciences, the new 3-story building con- tains 45,000 square feet of floor space andwas designed to accommodate the marine biology and chemistry departments of the Institution. Some of its special features include: 23 tem- perature- and humidity-controlled instrument rooms; 5 "environmental'’ rooms which can maintain any temperature from 0° to 40° C. (32° to 104° F.); rooms for frozen storage of 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 The modem building in the right foreground is the Woods Hole Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. To the left of the Laboratory is the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The vessel in the foreground is the Albatross IV, the Federal Government's most modern fishery research vessel. marine specimens; a large aquarium room with running sea water at regulated temper- atures; a dissecting room; and an auditorium. An afternoon session of the dedication was devoted to the presentation of papers by mem- bers of the Institution's scientific staff. The following papers were delivered: ''The Or- ganic Chemistry of a Fossil,'' ''The North Atlantic Continental Shelf," "Diving and the Physiology of Marine Animals," and ''Ex- changes of Energy between Air and Sea." (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. ) se le te ote 3 UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI RECEIVES NEW RESEARCH GRANTS FOR STUDIES IN MARINE BIOLOGY: The National Science Foundation has a- warded the Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, a $230,000 grant for re- search at sea aboard the Institute's 176-foot research vessel Pillsbury and aboard smaller vessels of the Institute. The work will in- clude collection and study of crustaceans and planktonic organisms from the Straits of Florida; studies on the migration and growth of marlin, sailfish, and other large oceanic fish, and the effect of the Gulf Stream upon their distribution; a study of squid and octo- pus, and shark investigations to determine their reaction to sounds played back into the | water in the open ocean. The Director of the Institute of Marine Science stated that the grant specifically pro- vides for the cost of operating Institute ships for biological purposes as far afield as Brazil and West Africa, but also in Florida, Carib- bean, and Bermuda waters. Another grant, in the amount of $62,500, was awarded to the Institute of Marine Sci- ence to provide special equipment for behav- ior studies of fish and invertebrates in the Institute's newly completed controlled envir- onment building. The new equipment will July 1964 make it possible to keep fish, shellfish, and other experimental marine animals alive un- der a wide variety of accurately controlled conditions. Temperatures will be regulated to a fraction of a degree, while oxygen, salin- ity, light, and other variables can also be strictly controlled. In the new building, stud- ies will be made on the reactions of fish to different types of light and sound, their hear- ing ability and color vision, their behavior under a variety of conditions including weight - lessness, and the manner in which they orient to changing conditions. Work will also be carried out upon the reactions of commercial species of shrimp. (University of Miami, April 29, 1964.) 7K OK OK OK OK NEW MARINE LABORATORY BUILDING PLANNED AT UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI: grant of $1,040, rom the National Science Foundation will make possible the construction of a new laboratory building for the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami. The new building at the Institute will house the entire Division of Physical Sciences which carries out research upon currents, waves, tides, underwater soundand light, the chemistry of sea water and sedi- ments, the topography and composition of the deep-sea floor, and other studies. With the construction of the new laboratory, many of the activities of those various research pro- grams can now be concentrated in a single location. To be completed and in use by the spring of 1965, the new laboratory will consist of 3 stories and will have about 30,000 square feet of working space. The ground floor will contain model basins and pressure tanks, including space for a rotating tank and a soundproof chamber. Tanks will be used for calibration of instruments and also to sim- ulate some conditions of the open sea for ex- perimental purposes. The second and third floors will house offices and laboratories, classrooms, a computer room, chartroom, draftroom, and a radio communications cen- ter for maintaining contact with the Institute's fleet of research vessels. The President of the University of Miami stated that the new facility will allow certain Institute programs to make much more rapid progress than heretofore has been possible. (University of Miami, April 24, 1964.) Ties COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Ohio COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963: Commercial fish landings at Ohio ports of Lake Erie during the 1963 fishing season (March 15-December 20) totaled 14.2 million pounds, about one million pounds or 6.6 per- cent less than in 1962. There was an appre- ciable drop in landings of carp (2.5 million pounds) and yellow perch (4.5 million pounds) from the previous year, but landings of sheeps- head (up 18 percent) and yellow pike (up 90 percent) increased. LAKE ERIE L Ohio | Leading species landed in 1963 were yel- low perch (4.5 million pounds), sheepshead (4.0 million), carp (2.5 million), catfish (1.0 million), white bass (1.0 million)--these ac- counted for about 90 percent of the total land- ings. Landings of blue pike and whitefish, once important commercial species in Lake Erie, were down to only a few hundred pounds. a RECORD SILVER SALMON RELEASE FROM STATE HATCHERIES: record release o .4 million silver salmon yearlings from Oregon Fish Commis - sion hatcheries during the liberation season from November 1963 to May 1964 has been announced by the Commission's fish culture director. Coastal areas received 2.3 million of the fish while 8.1 million went into Colum- bia and Willamette River tributaries. Oregon In addition to the yearlings which were reared to seaward migrant size, some 10 mil- lion salmon fry (surplus to hatchery needs) were placed in selected streams, ponds, and lakes for natural rearing under "wild" condi- tions. Areas for liberation of zero-age fry were selected on the basis of fish production 28 potential after thorough biological investiga - tion. That was in contrast to indiscriminate planting of fry which characterized fish-cul- tural operations in many places during ear- lier times when large numbers of newly hatched fry were dumped with little more basis than hope that they would survive. This season's release of 10.4 million yearlings tops the previous record of 8.5 million silver salmon released last season by the Oregon Fish Commission. Emphasis during recent years on release of yearling fish ready for seaward migration appears to be playing an important role in the increasing success of the silver program, the Commis- sion's fish culture director indicated. He reported increasing annual returns of adult silver salmon to the hatcheries totaled 22,544 in 1961, 36,107 in 1962, and 44,840 in 1963. He also cited improved disease control and superior nutrition during the year or more the fish are held in the hatcheries and good ocean survival conditions as factors in the success of the hatchery program. (Oregon Fish Commission, May 4, 1964.) KOK A OK OK FISH DISEASE STUDY CENTER OPENED: The Oregon Fish Commission has estab- lished an Infectious Disease Study Section to investigate and control fish disease. The new unit will be directed by an expert in the field of medical research who will be assist- ed by a resident staff of five fisheries sci- entists. The section is housed principally in a new laboratory building at the Commission's Clackamas Research Center. The fisheries disease work is divided, much as human investigation might be, into diagnostic and research areas. The diagnos- tic division at the laboratory is concerned principally with the diagnosis of disease in juvenile salmon and steelhead in hatcheries. Fishery scientists, in the role of medical ex- aminers, determine the problem and pre- Scribe treatment. Various antibiotics and drugs are administered through the diet by way of specially prepared pellet foods or by solutions introduced into the water in which the fish live. Research in the infectious disease section deals primarily with controlling diseases in adult fish which return to Commission hatch- eries to spawn. Most of the large fish are held in ponds until "ripe'' and ready to re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 lease their eggs. In one species, the spring chinook, the holding period may be as long as 5 months, allowing ample opportunity for disease and parasitism to infect and kill the important parent fish. Treatment of spawners is mainly external as adult salmon ingest no food after returning to fresh water. As hatcheries gain increasing importance in maintaining anadromous fish runs, the speedy diagnosis and control of disease assumes new consequence. As in human populations, the forced concentration of thousands of in- dividual fish in a small area increases many fold the chance for epidemic outbreaks of dis - ease. The new laboratory will be a formidable tool in removing causes of mortality in hatch- ery-reared salmon and steelhead. Close li- aison is kept with the superintendents of Com- mission hatcheries to keep them aware of late developments, as well as to receive the ear- liest possible warnings of disease problems. Discoveries made in the Clackamas Labora- tory could also lead to increased production in the many natural salmon spawning and rear- ing streams of the Northwest. The fishery infectious disease center has specialized equipment and a unique spring water source. The Center has an elaborate water-temperature control system which can Simultaneously supply 4 strong and continuous flows of water, each with its own precise wa- ter temperature of less than 1° F. variation and in a range of from 35° F. to above 100°F. Each of the 4 separately adjustable flows can supply a separate aquaria. In conjunction with the Clackamas Center, Oregon Fish Commission contract research on virus dis- eases andtis- sue culture is being carry on at Oregon State Univer- sity. Six other Fish Commis - sion research laboratories supplement the infectious disease investigations. A mobile diagnostic laboratory mounted ona truck should be ready for use later this year and will be equipped with the tools necessary for field study at the hatchery sites. At present, 93 percent of the entire Oregon Fish Commission budget and 85 percent of its July 1964 research budget is spent on programs to en- hance the runs of salmon and steelhead. (Or- egon Fish Commission, May 4, 1964.) KOK OK OK OK FISH AND WILDLIFE KILLS BEING INVESTIGATED: The opening of a field office and labora- tory in Klamath Falls, Oreg., in June 1964, to investigate the cause of fish and wildlife kills in that area, was announced on May 21 by the U.S. Public Health Service, Depart- ment of Health, Education, and Welfare. The fish and wildlife deaths are believed to have been caused by the runoff of chemicals into the river basin or by agricultural practices in the area. There have also been reports of persons in the area contracting dermatitis, a skin irritation. The investigation is to be handled by the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Con- trol. Scientists will also study the area's algae growth, which has reportedly reached nuisance proportions. The complete study is expected to take four years and will also in- clude the land areas drained by Lost River. Headquarters for the project is in San Francisco, Calif., and preliminary work was begun there in December 1963. The project's work will be coordinated with the Corvallis Laboratory at Corvallis, Oreg. The project staff will consist of 8 engineers and scientists in the initial phase of the study (scheduled to begin in June) and entails data collection and analysis of the Klamath Lake and Lost River system. The investigation was begun at the request of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the States of California and Oregon. It is to be operated in conjunction with work being done by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Salmon INDUSTRY -GOVERNMENT PROMOTION CAMPAIGN: An industry-Government promotion cam- paign to move the liberal stocks of canned pink salmon into trade channels was announced by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall on May 15, 1964. The Department's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will cooperate with COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 the Alaska canned salmon industry in the cam- paign. Fishing is Alaska's largest industry, Secretary Udall commented, and the Ameri- can public can help boost Alaska's economic recovery from the March 27 earthquake by serving more canned salmon. The nationwide campaign was geared to reach its peak during May, June, and July. Although record stocks of canned pink salmon are available, industry spokesmen are con- fident that the inventories can be substantially reduced because canned salmon fits so well in warm weather menus. Ce) plentiful foods LY MERCHANDISING GUIDE FOR FOOD DISTRIBUTOR: Feature Milk and Dairy Products Other Plentifuls Beef © Early Summer Vegetables ° Canned Pink Salmon USDA . AMS . Food Distribution Dfvision . 536 South Clark St., Chicago, Ill. With a supply of this versatile canned food on their shelves, housewives can provide their families with a variety of appetizing and quick and easy to prepare summer meals. In addi- tion, they will find that canned pink salmon is an economical, no-waste, high-protein food that is an excellent source of vitamins, min- erals and other nutrients. Budget-minded housewives will find that loaves, croquettes, and casserole dishes prepared from canned pink salmon are extremely practical, and tasty. Secretary Udall said the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries will give special emphasis to canned pink salmon in its contacts withcon- sumer groups, schools, other institutions, and the food trade associations. Special materials also are being prepared for distribution to newspapers and television and radio stations to provide maximum consumer attention to the availability of this convenient canned fish- ery product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture also is cooperating in this promotional program, 30 and canned pink salmon was listed in their June "List of Foods in Plentiful Supply." That Department also distributed specially designed merchandising tips to the retail gro- cery trade with the recommendation that in- creased merchandising attention be given canned pink salmon at the local level. Note: Many attractive recipes are available to the homemaker in the Interior Department's full color 16-page recipe booklet, "Take a Can of Salmon, "' Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 60. As part of its contribution to this promotional campaign, the Canned Salmon Institute, Box 1200, Seattle, Wash., has supplies of this recipe booklet and will send a complimentary copy to interested homemakers. They are also available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402, for 25 cents a copy, with a discount of 25 percent on individual orders of 100 copies or more, OK OK A NORTH PACIFIC WINTER DISTRIBUTION AND TAGGING: M/V George B. Kelez Winter 1964 Cruise (January 17-March 18, 1964): To further de- lineate the winter distribution of salmon in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, tag individuals to determine migration routes and area of origin, and to compare the catch rates and selection properties of gill nets and floating longlines were the principal objec - tives of this three-months cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel George B. Kelez. 170"W 160°E I60"W 150"W 140°W Fishing stations completed by the M/V George B, Kelez during the 1964 winter cruise, January 17-March 18, 1964, 1G0*e 170° 180° 130°W J Unusually severe weather conditions over the entire Aleutian region and ice limits further south than anticipated permitted only 16 fishing stations and necessitated modifica - tion of the planned cruise track. Salmonids were taken at every station but in comparatively low numbers. With the ex- ception of one chum salmon and a few pinks and steelhead at the easternmost three sta- tions, the catches were exclusively sockeyes, 90 percent of which were large and possibly maturing. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Gill nets and long lines were fished si- multaneously only twice and catches in both types of gear were too small for statistical comparison. The total number of fish caught and tagged during the cruise were: Salmon: Sockeyee » Chum. « « Pinksis) sls Steelhead. At the termination of this cruise, the George B. Kelez returned to Seattle to be out- fitted for an oceanography cruise scheduled for April 1964. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 6. KOK KK OK NORTH PACIFIC HIGH-SEAS TAGGING PROJECT: From 4 to 5 months of high-seas salmon tagging is tobe undertaken by two purse seiners chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, according to an April 1964 an- nouncement by the Bureau's North Pacific Regional Office at Seattle, Wash. The ves- sels are the Commander and the Storm. The areas to be covered will be (1) Central Gulf of Alaska; (2) Central Aleutians; (3) North-Central Gulf of Alaska; and (4) Coastal area of Northeast Gulf of Alaska. As part of the studies of salmon migration at sea, the Bureau's scientists aboard the vessels plan to experiment with sonic tags as a means of following the movements of individual salmon for 24 to 48 hours after tagging. This experi- ment will be conducted in connection with the vessel Storm in the area south of the Central Aleutians where the abundance of salmon is usually high and salmon movements are ap- parently directional. The tag and hydrophone "'sniffer" used will be of the type developed by the Bureau's Fish Passage Program. Of interest willbe the rate of travelof the salmon, direction of movements, and reactions to tide changes and darkness. It is possible the fish will ''mill"’ for some time due to the effects of tagging. Small boats from the Storm willbe used to track the sonic-tagged salmon. The tests will be repeated as often as practicable. age July 1964 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program EXPLORATORY TRAWLING OFF NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA CONTINUED: ilver Bay’ Cruise 56 (Marc . April 20, 1964): To conduct basic and sea- sonal trawling surveys off Long, Onslow, and Raleigh Bays was the main objective of this 22-day cruise off North Carolina and South Carolina by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay. A total of 88 exploratory fishing sta- tions was occupied between 5 and 100 fath- oms. Exploratory gear consisted primarily of 50/70-foot, nylon, roller-rigged fishtrawls fished on 8-foot bracket doors with 15-foot leg lines. The trawl nets were 43-inch mesh with cod ends of 13-inch mesh. Se NS “OF rying Pan | b e e COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 LONG BAY: In Long Bay, 36 trawling sta- tions were occupied. In depths of less than 20 fathoms, catches were dominated by small numbers of scup (Stenotomus sp.), sea robins (Prionotus sp.), and miscellaneous sharks and rays. In 20 to 25 fathoms, all catches were dominated by filefish (Stephanolepis hispidus), which were taken in amounts up to 9,000 pounds per 90-minute drag. Snappers and grouper were taken at several locations be- tween 26 and 40 fathoms. One area where dragging was productive is located at 33911! N. latitude, 77930' W. longitude in 29 fathoms. Two drags on this "lump" produced an aver- age of 400 pounds of grouper, 300 pounds of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus), 90 pounds of snapper, 50 pounds of hogfish (Lach- nolaimus maximus), and 20 pounds of white porgy (Calamus sp.), for an average of 860 pounds of fish per drag. The grouper catches Cape Hatteras ¢ unmet y e e Legend: Station (s): e - Fish trawl. * -Hand-line. Fig. 1 - Shows the station pattern for Cruise 56 of the M/V Silver Bay, March 30-April 20, 1964. 32 consisted of gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), scamp (M. phenax), and red hind (Epinephelus guttatus). The snapper catches consisted of red snapper (Lutjanus aya), yelloweye snap- per (L. vivanus), mutton snapper (L. analis), black fin snapper (L. buccanella), and yellow tail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus). ONSLOW BAY: InOnslow Bay, 31 stations were occupied for trawl or hand-line opera- tions. Due to weather conditions, only the southwest portion of the bay was surveyed. In depths of less than 25 fathoms, the catches were generally unproductive and, again, were dominated by filefish. Heavy concentrations of fish were observed in 30 fathoms south- east of Frying Pan Light Ship 33°15' N. lat- itude, 77°22' W. longitude. Trawling was generally unsuccessful in that area due to rough bottom, but both trawling and hand- lining produced modest amounts of red snap- per, hogfish, grouper, and greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). RALEIGH BAY: Although explorations were greatly hampered by weather, 21 sta- 35 37 40 Lid Scale=imile 75°42.5'W 75°49.5W “DROPOFF AREA” EAST OF CAPE LOOKOUT, NORTH CAROLINA 34°51.8°N Scalo=tmile 75°30'w RIDGE EAST OF DRUM INLET, NORTH CAROLINA ¥. Fig. 2 - Shows 2 locations off Raleigh Bay where heavy concen- trations of bottomfish were located during Cruise 56 of the M/V Silver Bay. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 tions were occupied in Raleigh Bay. Catches inside 25 fathoms were dominated by sharks, rays, and northern puffers (Sphaeroides ma- culatus). One drag east-southeast of Ocra- coke Inlet in 17 fathoms produced 65 pounds of small (1 to 4 fish per pound) summer floun- der (Paralichthys dentatus). Extremely heavy concentrations of bottom- fish were recorded at three locations in 30 to 40 fathoms near the edge of the Continental Shelf. The first of those areas consists of a small spot of broken bottom at 34959.5' N. latitude, 75°24! W. longitude in 37 fathoms where the only drag made resulted in a dam- aged trawl. The catch consisted of 35 pounds of medium-size black sea bass (Centropristis striatis). The second area is a ridge, 4 miles in length, which shoals to 30 fathoms from a depth of 37 fathoms due east of Drum Inlet (fig. 2). Heavy concentrations of bottomfish were observed on the sides and over most of the top of the ridge. The bottom was not trawlable with the exploratory gear used, but small catches taken by hand-line |were com- posed of black sea-bass, red snapper, and pink porgy (Pagrus). The third area consists of a ridge formed by a sharp dropoff in bottom contour from the 35- to 40-fathom curve due east of Cape Lockout (fig. 2). Heavy concen- trations of fish shoals were recorded between 37 and 40 fathoms along the entire length of that 10-mile ridge. Recordings indicate that several species of fish were probably present. Again, difficult trawling conditions were en- countered, but small amounts of red snapper and pink porgy were taken. The catches also indicated that some of the fish schools in the area were small (4 to 8 fish per pound) ver- milion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens). Throughout the survey area, catches of commercially important fish were made where bottom temperatures ranged from approxi- mately 56° to 59° F. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 25. Ds UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, APRIL 1964: Shrimp Item and Period Vee oc dgeee a Pile Lapatiensr crete (1,000 Lbs. Heads-Off)...... | Total landings, So, Atl, and Gulf States: | Jume ....---eee = 4,427] 3,358) 3,171 WEN Soigio ooo 0 ODD | = | 10,152 6,186| 5,276 (Table continued on next page.) July 1964 fitem and Period _—'|_1964 [ 1963 | 1962 | 1961 | 1960 | s+ + » » (1,000 Lbs, Heads-Off). .... April, cages shat 4,800] 4,427| 3,358] 3,171] 4,728 Nerchiaee vivant ees 4,269| 3,632] 3,331| 4,754] 4,099 January- Februar 10,409] 7,979] 7,963| 9,596] 9,186 January-December. = 138,281]105,839/ 91,396/141,035 Quantity canned, Gulf States af: JUNE 2 wc eee ws 5,234) 4,913 3,438 6,920 Mayh ite: Sikes?) - 3,831] 1,794] 1,208] 1,461 EUS chee coves 26 - 105 12 9 66 AU Ete) Oe eee mec 12 92 86 35 117 January-February . 634 750 733 273] 470) January-December. = 29,468] 23,322 | 14,500] 26,394 June 30 ........ = 24,047 13,796 19,416| 15,338 = 24,053] 13,904] 24,696| 17,540 = 24,954] 15,637| 27,492] 20,502 31,476] 27,970] 16,607] 31,345] 23,232 35,303] 28,039] 19,012] 37,612] 29,063 43,752| 28,487| 21 ee 34,332 [ Sanvary +--+ 45,989] 31,977] 104750] 40,919] 97,866 8,932 9,902 7,733 en January-February . Tanuary"December |" ~__|F51,590}141,103]126,268)T13,418| eae 26-30 Count, Heads-Off) ... ae. Svinte tule uate! ace “77.0 84.4] 53. 7 64,1 RAV ats svete Sete eee é 80.9 83.7 52.8 62.9 OO oe . |4/57-61 83.6 82.2 55.4 60.6 Maren... sve. -|4/57-61 85.5 80.9 56.0 56.3 February 4/57-62| 85.7 78.9 53.5 51.8 Sees Sone 4/57-69] 85.0 76.3 52.5 49.5 Wholesale price, froz, brown (5-lb. pkg.) Chicago, I1l,: HUME Sloale se © cls - 95-102)102-104/67-72 | 76-77 MALY se ates etme ss = 100-103} 96-103|67-69 | 74-77 Uo . 72-74|100-105} 94-97 |69-70 | 74-75 Mares APs. salar 72-75|102-106| 94-95 |69-71 | 65-68 Webruaryys Fa sis eters 73-82 ]102-106| 93-95 |69-71 | 65-67 January ..... -..| 78-83]102-106| 91-94 |69-71 | 64-66 aibounes. of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- reau of the Census. whee in cary at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, ex., Oo INote: April 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information pub- lished daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. Sport Fishing LICENSE SALES INCREASED IN 1963: A total of 19,831,644 persons in 50 states bought sport fishing licenses in fiscal year 1963 (July-June) as compared with 19,403,465 in fiscal year 1962, the U.S. Department of the Interior announced on April 20, 1964. In 1963 they spent $57,780,259 to buy the licenses as compared with $54,163,163 in 1962. The state game and fish departments pro- vide license holder and sales information to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 Summary of the Number of Paid Fishing License Holders, License Sales, and the Cost to Fishermen in the United States, July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1963. Paid Fishing License Holders1/ 39 393, 635 3,635 |$ 832,589 58, 844 63,771 347,775 226,947 311, 605 889, 020 435,956 435,956 | 1,185,150 1,611, 639 3, 823, 431 6, 839,903 440, 669 445, 362 1, 604, 313 111, 845 111, 845 433,759 9,644 10,761 27, 821 496,923 517,251 1,098, 353 530,722 SSose Ad 716,706 4,264 4,264 9,496 279,070 321,641 1,292, 639 700,555 733,032 726, 447 731,721 391, 355 402, 811 273,155 273, 607 320,994 333, 160 218,537 220, 335 220, 859 222, 663 101,031 103, 642 193,567 182,271 903, 190 1,079, 322 1, 344,658 1,465,269 336, 673 344,799 654, 142 950, 392 249, 032 249, 032 218, 801 249,721 74, 102 83,964 127,467 127, 467 139,589 218, 134 New Mexico 147, 338 150,231 New York 727, 821 758, 835 North Carolina 309, 448 459, 406 : North Dakota 70,638 71,093 118, 436 Ohio 820,583 820,965 1, 885, 305 Oklahoma 485,053 485,053 1,085, 279 Oregon 482, 317 731,053 1,718, 891 Pennsylvania 585, 156 585, 156 1,955, 818 Rhode Island 18,983 18,983 57,811 South Carolina 292,731 321,939 646, 790 155,230 160,477 650, 256 895, 832 882,111 883, 407 209,510 221,541 108, 822 109,979 321, 896 506, 466 398, 676 401,942 180, 465 221, 427 1,049, 447 1,049, 447 156, 440 i/A oat license holder = one individual SES - the num - ber of licenses purchased. Data certified by state fish and d the Interior Department as a basis for dis- tributing Federal aid funds for fish and wild- life restoration projects. Although the number of licensed sport fish- ermen is large, millions of other people also go fishing without being required to purchase a license. A national survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census in 1961 showed there were more than 25 million sport fishermenin the United States who participated substantially 34 geen fishing in Montauk State Park, Mo., at the opening of trout season. in fishing during 1960. Including the more casual participants, the number of fishermen undoubtedly was greater in 1963. In many states, minors are not required to purchase a fishing license, and only six states require a license to fish in salt water. Some states require sportsmen to pur- chase separate licenses, stamps, permits, or tags to fish for different kinds of fish. For example, a special stamp is required in sev- eral states to fish for trout. Tuna U.S. CANNED TUNA INDUSTRY PRESENTS AWARD TO INTERIOR DEPARTMENT FOR MARKETING ASSISTANCE: The United States tuna canning industry presented an award, in the form of a scroll, to Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall on May 5, 1964, for Interior's successful ef- forts in support of the tuna industry during the past year. In presenting the award, the President of the Tuna Research Foundation commended the Department of the Interior and its Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for "good will and practical support" in boosting tuna sales during 1963. He said the Depart- ment's support of the industry was "an in- spiring demonstration of the parternship of Government and business" which added strength to the free enterprise system. ' Secretary Udall said the Department of the Interior was very pleased to have worked COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 "with the tuna canning industry. He praised the industry for having a "Very fine product and very high standards" and said, "We are happy to have had a part in this program. We feel it is the type of relationship with industry that is most productive for our national econ- omy. Fig. 1 - From left to right, Under Secretary of the Interior James K, Carr, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Director Donald L. McKernan, and Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall ac- cept United States tuna canning industry award from Jack Gorby, President of the Tuna Research Foundation, Terminal Island, Calif. In 1963, the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries conducted a nationwide promotional cam- paign for canned tuna which included the dis- tribution of recipe leaflets, marketing bulletins, television slides, and news releases about the nutritional value of tuna. The Department of Agriculture also played an active role in the promotion by featuring canned tuna in its monthly List of Foods in Plentiful Supply t-with UNA, twit IS TUNA TIME Wonderful tuna — flavorful convenience in a can — truly the chef's best friend. Always available, priced right and prepared so easily in so many sparkling {3p ways. Versatile tuna goes with so many things — it -flatters fruit — teams with greens —and coddles cas- seroles. Tuna sings in sandwiches, too! Terrific tuna, easy and elegant, bright and light, at your fingertips everywhere. SPARKLING lee © sprinkling of toasted elmonds. Summer Seoperden . “ Tensor sled. ih ona ted re iS by ting uke = heerty th soleds for het weather oppatites. favorite potete soled capes eas aay Top hrdded lee who enero prion Tecan Spey tomanel apie ey) lelaiog a spicy Levis flokes of heorty tune. Serve on salod greens, ‘varnish with dvocode ices ond nippy sowr pmesaeedae ‘An @ variation on Pacal slate el eey terra oeeaart combination. tr WE Fig. 2 - Portion of Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin issued by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture to promote tuna sales. July 1964 In addition to marketing assistance, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries also assists the fishing industry through biological re- search, participation in international fishery commissions, loans and grants for vessel construction, and through fishing gear re- search and exploratory fishing. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 54. United States Fisheries FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS PRODUCTION, 1963: The United States production of fish sticks and portions during 1963 amounted to 173.9 million pounds valued at $65.6 million--a gain of 15 percent in quantity and 13 per- _cent in value as compared with 1962, Fish sticks totaled 79.3 million pounds in 1963--7,1 million pounds or 10 per- cent above 1962, and fish portions amounted to 94,6 million pounds--up 16,0 million pounds or 20 percent, Table 1 - U.S, Production of Fish Sticks by Months and Type, 19631/ . (1,000 Lbs.)....4 sees 7,213 7,782 7,688 6,249 5,369 5,828 Total value 1962 72,217 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Table 3 - U, S. Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, 1963 and 1962 1/1963 1962 Area Atlantic Coast States Inland & Gulf States ... [Pacific Coast States... Total 1/Preliminary. eucerecavle aie. jee Breaded Uncooked [ Table 5 - U. S, Production of Fish Portions by Areas, 1963 and 1962 |Atlantic Coast States Inland & Gulf States [Pacific Coast States Table 6 - U. S, Production of Fish Portions by Months, 1960-1963 1/1963] 1962 (October .. |November. iDecember [= eae 94,647 | 78,678 | 59,847 |49,381 Cooked fish sticks (74,1 million pounds) made up 93 per- cent of the 1963 fish stick total, while the remaining 5,2 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Million pounds =f 18 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. U. S. production of fish sticks and portions, 1961-63. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. million pounds or 7 percent consisted of raw fish sticks. A total of 91.6 million pounds of breaded fish portions (of which 75.0 million pounds were raw) and 3,0 million pounds of unbreaded portions were processed during 1963. The Atlantic Coast was the principal area in the produc- tion of both fish sticks and fish portions with 64,2 and 53.2 million pounds, respectively, The inland and Gulf States were next with 8.3 million pounds of fish sticks and 38,2 million pounds of fish portions, The Pacific Coast States made up the remaining 10.0 million pounds of fish sticks and fish portions. U.S. Foreign Trade IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-May 2, 1964, amounted to 11,744,881 pounds (about 559,300 standard cases), according to preliminary data com- piled by the U.S. Bureau of Customs. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the United States during the calendar year 1964 at the 123-percent rate of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds (or about 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7- oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that quota will be dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. SK OK OK OK OOK PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, MARCH 1964: United States imports of processed edible fishery products in March 1964 were up 20.7 percent in quantity and 25,2 per- cent in value from those in the previous month, There was a seasonal increase in imports of groundfish fillets and blocks and slabs, Imports were also up for canned tuna in brine, canned sardines not in oil, and canned oysters. Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in March 1964 were down 8.5 percent in quantity and 3.7 percent in val- ue. Imports of canned sardines not in oil were much lower this March. Imports were also down for most other canned fishery products, except canned oysters. The decline was Vol. 26, No. 7 partly offset by much heavier arrivals of groundfish fillets and blocks and slabs, In the first 3 months of 1964, imports were up 2.6 percent in quantity and 7.2 percent in value from those in the same pe- riod of 1963, During January- March 1964 there were larger imports of groundfish fillets, flounder fillets, blocks and slabs, sea catfish fillets, yellow pike fillets, and canned sar- dines in oil, but imports were down for swordfish fillets, canned sardines not in oil, canned tuna in brine, and canned crab meat. U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, March 1964 with Comparisons O Ss Value n, -Ma; aoe 1963 Hoga (ised 1964]1963 | 50 aoe of Lbs.).-|. «(Millions of $). . | Fish & Shellfish: Imports 43,1]47.1|128.0] 124.7] 12.9]13. 4] 37.2|34.7 || Exports2/ 1.0] 1.2] 4.7 1 /Includes only those fishery products classified by the U. S. Bu- reau of the Census as "Manufactured foodstuffs."' Included are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving substantial processing, i. e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fillets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise processed). 2/Excludes fresh and frozen. Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in March 1964 were down 50 percent in quan- tity and 54.5 percent in value from those in the previous month. In March, there was a decline in shipments of all leading canned fish export items, except canned sardines in oil. Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in March 1964 were down 19.3 percent in quantity and 16.7 percent in value. A sharp drop in exports of canned salmon, canned sardines not in oil, and canned squid, was partly offset by larger shipments of canned sar- dines in oil, canned shrimp, and canned mackerel, Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 3 months of 1964 were up 8.2 percent in quantity and 14.6 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. In January- March 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mackerel and shipments of canned sardines in oil and canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned sardines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply. g Washington SALMON PLANTING PROGRAM CONTINUES: The Washington State Department of Fish- eries has not stopped planting young salmon in streams that run through or border Indian reservations. Both the Indians and others will share in the future salmon harvest. During April 1964, more than 3.5 million young chinook salmon were planted in the Nis- qually, Puyallup, and Skokomish Rivers, and 315,000 fall chinook fingerlings were to be July 1964 planted in the Nisqually in May 1964, along with a plant of 100,000 in the Puyallup. The 3 rivers will then have received the follow - ing chinook salmon plants in1964: Nisqually - 931,831; main Skokomish and Purdy Creek tributary - 2,809,750; and Puyallup - 362,784 fish. The Puyallup plants are small because last year very few salmon reached the Puya- llup salmon hatchery due to unrestricted off-reservation Indian fishing on the spawn- ing run of chinook salmon. (Washington State Department of Fisheries, May 1, 1964.) KOK OK K DOGFISH SHARK FOR HATCHERY FISH FEED: A firm in Tacoma, Wash., plans to use the unpopular dogfish shark to make moist pellet food to feed desirable fish such as trout and salmon, the Director of the Washington State Fisheries Department announced May 1, 1964. The Tacoma firm has plans to process a- round 200 tons of dogfish each month into hatchery feed. The moist pellet food was perfected by the Oregon Fish Commission and used success - fully by the Washington State Department of Fisheries in rearing silver salmon. Tuna viscera has been the chief ingredient of the pellet, but experiments have been made using dogfish as the chief ingredient. Fish cul- turists say the dogfish pellet food can meet the high quality standards set by fisheries agencies for food used in rearing trout and salmon. Permits have been granted two trawlers to fish for dogfish in Puget Sound south of Point Defiance. Both commercial and sports fishermen, it is believed, will support any efforts to thin out the dogfish population of Puget Sound. The Tacoma company will re- duce some dogfish, over that needed for pel- let food, for use as fertilizer. (Washington State Department of i, an May 1, 1964.) ay EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, MAY 1964: Wholesale prices for edible fishery products (fresh, fro- zen, and canned) in May 1964 moved upward for a number of the fresh and frozen items--principally halibut, salmon, and Wholesale. eae COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 shrimp. But the higher prices were offset to some extent by lower prices for several of the other fresh, frozen, and canned fishery products. The overall wholesale price index this May at 105.4 percent of the 1957-59 average was up 2.2 percent from April, but was down 9.1 percent from the same month a year earlier. Higher prices prevailed this May for the first-of-the- season supplies of western fresh halibut (up 22.6 percent) and salmon (up 9.9 percent) at New York City, and also for Great Lakes fresh-water fish. Those were largely responsi- ble for the 9.2-percent increase from April to May in the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish. In con- trast, May prices were lower for ex-vessel large haddock (down 10,2 percent) at Boston, and those were lower than in May 1963 by 29.8 percent. Compared with May 1963, prices in the subgroup this May were lower for all items except salmon (up 0.2 percent), and the subgroup index was down 6.8 percent, Higher prices from April to May for South Atlantic fresh shrimp (up 4,2 percent) at New York City were the direct cause of the 1,9-percent increase in the subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish. Wholesale prices for fresh haddock fillets at Boston this May were down 4,9 per- cent from the previous month, and compared with May a year - earlier they were lower by 25,3 percent. Compared with May 1963, the subgroup index this May was down 12.5 percent because prices for all items in the subgroup were down con- siderably, an. “a, os es | Buyer examining fresh West Coast halibut at Fulton Fish Market, New York City. The May 1964 subgroup index for processed frozen fish and shellfish at 94,7 percent of the 1957-59 average was un- changed from the previous month. From April to May, prices for frozen fillets in the subgroup were lower, but frozen shrimp prices at Chicago were higher (up 2.0 percent) and tended to cancel out any apparent drop in the May subgroup wholesale price index. As compared with May 1963, the sub- group index this May was down 16.9 percent--prices were sharply lower for shrimp, and substantially lower for fillets of ocean perch and flounder. May 1964 prices for canned tuna (down 1.2 percent) were somewhat lower than in April, as were prices for canned Maine sardines (down 2.4 percent). As a result, the sub- group index was down 0.3 percent despite higher canned salmon prices (up 1,1 percent), Higher prices for canned pink salmon were the result of improved demand and partial clearance of stocks, The subgroup index this May was low- er than the same month a year earlier by 2.6 percent. Prices for canned salmon and canned Maine sardines were lower than in May 1963, but canned tuna prices (up 2.2 percent) were higher. 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, May 1964 with Comparisons Pn nce ee ree eich Point of Avg. Prices1/ Indexes Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit ($y ie (1957-59=100) Fresh & Frozen Hishery Products: . Drawn, Dressed, or Whole “Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh Halibut, West., 20/80 Ibs., drsd., fresh or froz. |New York Salmon, king, Ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh Yellow pike, L.Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh . Processed, Fresh (Bish & Shellfish). Ravuereaibr | Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20=Ib. tins . ./Boston a 71.6 ts 3 T1.7 183 Shrimp, ge, (26=30 count), headless, fresh. . .|New York “29 116.0 113.1) 134.8 Oysters, shucked, standards . Norfolk al 7.50 TT, ep een fa ee a Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish); ets: Plamdon sanlee I=ib. pi Haddock, sml., skins on, 1 Pe pkg. Ocean perch, ige., skins on 1=Ib, Pkg d Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5=Ib. pkg. Canned Fishery Products; Salmon, pink, No, 4 tall (16 0z.), 48 cans/cs, Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (ele Ze), 48 cans/cs. S80 wi das Mackerel, jack, Calif., No. 1 tall (is 02.), 48 cans/cs. Sardines, Mae keyless oil, ae drawn 00. 1/Represent average prices for one day (Mi y) during Lot prices are published as indicators of Movement and not necessarily Tegan. eral, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’’ should be referred to for actual prices. 2/Replaced California canned sardines starting December 1962; entered wholesale price index at 100 under revised pro= ~ cedures of Bureau of Labor Statistics, RADIATION AND FOOD Consumers are hearing more and more about foods treated with some form of "'radi- ation'' to preserve them, or to kill insects or insect eggs, or to prevent sprouting, or to accomplish some other purpose. They have begun to ask the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) questions about such "irradiated" foods. What are the advantages of irradiating foods? Proponents of the process claim that for some foods irradiation substantially extends the life of a product without refrigeration-- an advantage more important at the present time for the armed services than for the gen- eral consumer public. But sponsors of the process view it asa development with important implications for the consumer. The advantage of irradiation of wheat, of course, is that the radiation kills the insect life that would otherwise develop and destroy the wheat or render it unusuable for food. ("FDA Memo for Consumers," U.S. Food and Drug Administration, February 19, 1964.) July 1964 —— SS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 : SS ——————— EIGN International FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR: In the Indo-Pacific region, fisheries are of great importance, especially from the standpoint of nutrition, and governments in the region attach special importance to in- creasing fish production and consumption. That dominant fact emerged from the 17-day seminar on fisheries development, planning, and administration held in Canberra, Aus- tralia, in February 1964. Organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, the seminar was attended by fisher- ies administrators from Australia, Ceylon, India, Japan, French Polynesia, Korea, Ma- laysia, Pakistan, Papua-New Guinea, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, American Samoa, Guam, New Zealand, Viet-nam, and the South Pacific Commission, The three FAO fisheries experts attending were the Acting Chief, Economics Branch, Fisheries Division, FAO, Rome; the Chief Economist, Marine Resources Institute, FAO, Peru; and the Regional Officer for Asia and the Far East, FAO, Bangkok. The seminar was officially opened by the Australian Minister for Primary Industry, FOR who outlined Australia's role in the world food program and referred to some of the problems being experienced by countries in the Indo-Pacific region. An FAO representative, outlining the back- ground and purpose of the seminar, said that the formulation of realistic fishery develop- ment programs had always been a difficult and complex matter due to uncertainties about nat- ural resources and potential markets, and the heavy dependence of fisheries on developments in other sectors of the economy. Moreover, the nature of the fishing industry tended to isolate it from other economic activities, geo- graphically, socially, and administratively, thus increasing the difficulty of coordinated planning and of providing the government serv- ices required for its development. "More than ever before there is an out- standing need to clarify the objectives of fish- ery development and the importance of these in relation to each other; to examine the real opportunities for development represented by the natural resources and potential markets; to recognize the limits of the available re- sources of personnel, facilities, equipment and funds; and to review current and planned programs in the light of these fundamental considerations. "At the present time, many governments in the region are giving special consideration to the need for improving their planning or- ganization and administration in agriculture. In view of the importance of coordinating fish- ery programs with broader programs of.agri- cultural development and industrialization, it would be desirable to give early consideration to the special problems of fisheries, so that fishery programs might also benefit from such measures,’ the FAO representative concluded. Subjects discussed by the seminar included (1) survey and appraisal of fishing situations ~-- the nature of fishery resources--supply, tech- nological, and economic aspects; (2) objectives of government fishery policies; 43) role of government in fishery development--organi- 40 International (Contd.): zation of government services to fisheries in- ‘dustry, organization and management of re- sources reSearch, organization and conduct of technological research, organization and conduct of economic research; and (4) other government fishery activities in the field of statistics, fish marketing, fishery coopera- tives, fishery credit, and fisheries education and training. (Australian Fisheries News- letter, March 1964.) 7 OK OK FS OUTBOARD MOTORS INCREASE FISHING EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL CRAFT IN SIX COUNTRIES: Experience gained in mechanizing tradi- tional fishing craft in Ceylon is now helping other countries add outboard motors to small fishing vessels under a Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Freedom From Hunger Project. Three years ago a 45-year old Ceylonese fisherman lived on the shores of the Bay of _ Bengal in a small house with walls of thatch- ed palm and a roof of palm fronds. He and his wife and seven children were crowded in the small house, but it was all he could af- ford. Now he has moved into a modern bun- galow with brick walls and a tile roof. His income is ten times higher than it was three years ago, his children are being educated, and he is branching out into other enterprises connected with fishing. That story has been repeated many times -- with individual variations--in Ceylon since 1951, under a government program to help fishermen change from their traditional crafts propelled by sail or oar to mechanized meth- ods of fishing. For hundreds of years fishing boats in Ceylon have been either dugout ca- noes or log rafts called catamarans. They are laborsome and limited in scope. They have to be paddled if there is no wind. Some- times a squall comes up when a traditional fisherman is far offshore and, if he loses sight of land before lights come on at night in the villages, he may lose his life. Some- times the wind fails and he has to paddle back to shore, arriving during the heat of the day with his catch spoiled. Even with the most strenuous effort, a fisherman in a sail-pow- ered catamaran could never in a single night get out to the 6- or 8-fathom depths where the big fish are. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 The solution to those problems has been an outboard motor. A Finnish naval architect sent to Ceylon in 1959 by FAO helped the Cey- lonese Government set up a mechanization program for traditional fishing craft. Dis- cusSing their initial work, the Finnish expert said, e were sure that outboard engines could be fitted to catamarans and work effici- ently, although there had been difficulties with them previously. Wehad a few strokes of luck at the beginning--mainly in the form of peo- ple. One of those people was 'Nag'--as we cametocall him. Another was a Ceylonese fisheries extension officer... He caught on very quickly to the use of the outboards and helped greatly. We got two outboards from a Swedish firm and started testing them, fitted to Nag's big catamaran, on Nainativu Island, off the north coast. Normally the catamarancar- ries sixnets. We borrowed 11 more from Nag's neighbors. With these and the motorized raft, with which he was able to go out to the deep waters, Nag's catchincreased 10 times --to 130 lbs. per day compared with 13. Now 860 of Ceylon's traditional craft have been fitted with outboard motors, provided mainly through private business channels. addition, about 1,200 inboard powered boats have been built. In The 360 rafts mechanized in 1962 are said to be responsible for an increase of 2,000 metric tons in Ceylon's catch for that year. (The total increase in the Ceylonese fisheries catch between 1961 and 1962 was about 10,000 tons, due to all improvements in fishing tech- niques and boats.) The country's total catch showed a steady increase from 39,000 tons in 1957 to 84,000 tons in 1962, according to Cey- lonese fishery statistics. The Ceylon project is similar to others now being carried out in 5 other countries, in- volving more than 500 engines, under FAO's Freedom from Hunger Campaign. The pro- gram began with an offer by a manufacturer of outboard motors to give FAO a large number of engines for use in worthwhile projects to demonstrate their value in fishing boats. So far the company has agreed to supply several hundred engines. Other private companies have also offered engines at very low prices, and money to help buy and install them is being supplied by a variety of donors. The engines are being given to fishermen's cooperative associations. They are sold on easy terms to selected fishermen-members July 1964 International (Contd.): of the cooperatives, and proceeds form re- volving funds, which in turn will be used for ventures which will help the fishing commun- ities. An FAO representative said, 'It is neces- sary to put each project on a commercial basis, so that the fisherman has a stake in it and therefore a strong incentive for repay- ment... we feel that if the fisherman is re- paying to his own association it will encour~- age him because it is, in effect, his money." Besides supplying and installing engines, the project will also provide repair kits and spare parts. An expert will study the type of motor and installation best suited to local boats and, if necessary, another expert will organize maintenance and training of mechan- ic assistants. So far the following engines have been pro-' vided: 28 in Togo (for a 2-year project launched in November 1963); 10 in Zanzibar; 50 in Dahomey; 85 in the United Arab Repub- lic; and 360 in Fast Pakistan. The Finnish naval architect who pioneered the Ceylonese project has now surveyed 22 countries, and new projects are envisioned in a total of 13 countries, using 3,500 outboard motors. For India, for example, where there are an estimated 80,000 unmechanized fish- ing craft, a project involving 2,000 engines for a 3-year period is being planned. It was expected that the plan of operation for the Indian project would be signed in the spring of 1964, pending agreement on all details. "There are two interesting aspects of the Freedom From Hunger Campaign (FFHC) out- board projects}! the Finnish naval architect said. ''First, results canbe seenvery quickly, and, second, because the mechanized rafts can be easily beached, the fishermencan continue to live in their homes and fish offshore from the beachas they have always done, but taking much bigger catches. There is no need for them to move to some far-off fishing harbour, whichis the situationinmany countries when mechanized fishing boats are introduced. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, April 10, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 48. KKK KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 SWEDEN HELPS PAKISTAN MECHANIZE SMALL FISHING CRAFT: Sweden's Agency for International Assist- ance has pledged US$158,600 to equip 285 small fishing craft in East Pakistan with out- board motors during the next two years. The project, which is being carried out under the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Freedom From Hunger Campaign (FFHC), will be reviewed at the end of the second year and if everything has gone well Sweden will provide East Pakistani fishermen with an ad- ditional 315 outboard motors. This would raise Sweden's total contribution to $291,000, some $70,000 of it cash and the rest in 600 motors and spare parts valued at about $370 each. The Pakistani Government counterpart contribution is $201,123. The project is now under way and is sched- uled to run three years. Its aim is to improve earnings and standard of living of some 3,000 fishing families in 3 villages near Chittagong, and 2 inthe Sundarban area. The outboard motors will be sold to the fishermen on easy terms through local fishing cooperatives. Re- pair kits will also be provided and a Swedish expert will instruct the fishermen in engine care. Tests carried out by FAO in Ceylon and other countries show that, when coupled with modern gear, equipping local craft outboard engines increases fishermen's catches an average of 300 percent. FAO has five outboard mechanization proj- ects in operation under the Freedom From Hunger Campaign (FFHC)--in Dahomey, Togo, East Pakistan, the United Arab Republic, and Zanzibar. They involve a total of 773 engines. Nine similar programs involving above 2,000 more engines are planned for India, Chile, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Tanganyika, Brazil, Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Burundi. Sweden has already contributed $376,383 to FFHC. Swedish funds have helped to pay FFHC central campaign costs and are now be- ing used to finance projects in Asia and Afri- ca. In addition to its East Pakistan pledge, Sweden has also agreed to contribute an addi- tional $712,000 to finance a training center for women and girls in Tanganyika. The four- year Tanganyika project was launched earlier this year with an initial Swedish contribution of $173,000. 42 International (Contd.): Counting Sweden's contributions already paid and funds pledged for the future, the to- tal Swedish commitment to the four-year old Freedom From Hunger Campaign now stands at $1,379,383. (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, March 31, 1964.) (INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES SOVIET UNION RATIFIES PROTOCOL AMENDMENT CONCERNING HARP AND HOOD SEALS: On April 13, 1964, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics deposited ratification of a Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. The Protocol (done at Washington, D.C., July 15, 1963) relates to harp and hood seals and is intended to bring those species within the responsibility of the Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries Commission. The Protocol is not in force. (Bulletin, U. S. Department of State, May 4, 1964.) ote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 45. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION SPECIAL MEETING HELD: The International Pacific Halibut Commis- sion, which is responsible for the regulation of the halibut fishery of the Northern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea on behalf of Canada and the United States, held a special meeting in Seattle, Wash., on June 4, 1964. i The purpose of the meeting was to exam- ine recent developments in the Pacific hali- but fishery, and particularly those in the Eastern Bering Sea where there has been a Serious decline in the fishery. At the meeting the Commission reviewed the situation with its investigational staffand conferred with invited representatives of the vessel owners, fishermen, and dealers from ports in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL CONVENTION JAPAN RATIFIES PROTOCOL AMENDING INTERIM CONVENTION ON CONSERVATION OF FUR SEALS: On April 10, 1964, Japan deposited ratifi- cation of a Protocol amending the Interim Convention on Conservation of the North Pa- cific Fur Seals. The Protocol (done at Wash- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 ington, D.C., October 8, 1963) relates to the con- tinuation of the Interim Convention for another 'Six-year period and reflects the recommenda-: tions adopted by the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission on November 30, 1962. The Proto- col entered into force on April 10, 1964. (Bulle- tin, U.S. Department of State, April 27, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 48; De- cember 1963 p. 52. NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION SALMON AND CRAB FISHERIES NEGOTIATIONS CONCLUDED BETWEEN U.S.S.R. AND JAPAN: The eighth annual meeting of the Northwest Pacific Fish- eries Commission (Japan-U.S.S.R.) closed on April 28, 1964, after 58 days of negotiations. Thetwonations signed notes of agreement covering fisheries regulations and crab and salm- on catch quotas in the treaty area. The 1964 salmon catch quotas under the agreement were set at 110,000 metric tons for Japan (55,000 tons each for Areas A and B), and 65,000 metric tons for the Soviet Union; and 1964 king crab produc=- tion quotas of 252,000 cases (3-Ib. 48's) for,Japan and 378,000 cases for the Soviet Union were established. The Commission readopted the following regulations for the salmon fishery in convention waters: Convention Areas: (a) Area A, including the Sea of Okhotsk and the Ber- ing Sea, is described as waters bounded on the east and south by a line commencing at Cape Navarin; thence southeast to a point of intersec- tion at 55° N. latitude, 175° W. longitude; thence south to 45° N, latitude; thence west to 155° E. longitude; thence southwest to Aku-Yuri Island, and the Sea of Japan north of 45° N. latitude. (b) Area B is described as all convention waters south of the southern boundary of Area A. Prohibited Fishing Areas: (a) Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk north of 45° N. latitude. (b) All waters north of 45°51' N. latitude bounded on the east and south by a line commencing at a point 20 miles southeast of Cape Olyutorskoe; thence to a point 20 miles southeast of Cape Govena; thence to a point 20 miles east of Cape Ozernoi; thence 20 miles east of Cape Africa; thence east at 56° N. latitude to a point at 170° E. longitude; thence south to 53°50! N. latitude; thence west to a point 20 miles southeast of Cape Shipunskii; thence southwest to 160° E. longitude; thence south to a point of intersec- tion at 45°51' N. latitude; thence west to a point of intersection at 151°30' E. longitude. (c) Area north of the southern boundary line of Area A and west of 151930' E. longitude. Fishing Seasons: (a) Area A: (1) Mothership fishery--May 15-August 10. (2) Land-locked fishery--June 21-August 10. (b) Area B: Drift net and long-line fishery--April 30-June 30. July 1964 International (Contd.): (a) Catch limit on catcher boats not to exceed 300 metric tons. (b) Catch limit on survey vessels not to exceed 150 metric tons. Total catch of catcher boats and survey vessels at~ tached to one mothership shall not exceed total catch allocated to mothership. Should the catch of catcher boats and survey vessels fall within the amount allocated to each mothership, an increase in catch per catcher boat and survey vessel is per- mitted. “Gear Regulations: (a) Length of nets per boat: (1) 10 kilometers (6.2 miles)--Sea of Okhotsk. (2) 12 kilometers (7.5 miles)--In that portion of Area A within a line drawn from Cape Olyutorskoe at 170925! E, longitude run- ning south to 48° N, latitude, thence south- west to Aku-Yuri Island (Bulganin Line). (3) 15 kilometers (9.3 miles)--all other areas. (b) Distance between nets set for fishing: (1) Not less than 12 kilometers (7.5 miles)-- Sea of Okhotsk. (2) Not less than 10 kilometers (6,2 miles)-- Pacific area within Bulganin Line. (3) Not less than 8 kilometers (5.0 miles)-- other areas, (4) No distance limitation between nets oper- ated by small boats fishing south of 48° N. latitude. (c) Size of mesh of gill nets: (1) Gill nets operated by each catcher boat of mothership fleet in 1963 shall have a mesh size larger than 60 millimeters (2.36 inch- es) measured knot to knot; however, not less than 60 percent of gill nets fished by each boat shall have a meshsize larger than 65 millimeters (2.56 inches). (2) Gill nets operated by land-based fleet in Area B shall have a mesh size not less than 55 millimeters (2.17 inches). (d) Long-line regulations: (1) Diameter of branch lines used in long-line fishery in Area B (excluding Sea of Japan) shall be not less than 0.522 millimeters. (2) Long-line fishing prohibited in Area A. Japanese Government sources disclosed that Japan agreed to accept the Soviet proposal to delete from the An- nex of the Japan-U.S.S.R, Fisheries Treaty the 10-percent catch allowance provided for Area B (south of 45° N, lati- tude), which allowed Japan to take up to 10 percent over the catch quota set for that area. Japan's acceptance of this proposal, however, was based on the condition that the Commission would insert in the agreement Japan’s state- ment of view with respect to the 10-percent allowance, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 that the Commission would recognize this allowance for the 1964 fishing season, The allowance was originally provided for Area B be- cause of the difficulty of allocating separate catch quotas to the numerous small Japanese salmon vessels fishing in that area, Its elimination means that Japan can be accused of vio- lating the Treaty even if her catches slightly exceed the area quota, Therefore, this concession is expected to place Japan in a disadvantageous position in future negotiations. In previ- ous years, Japan had not been able to effectively regulate fish- ing in Area B, For example, in 1963 Japan had intended to limit the catch of the land-based long-line fleet to about 15,000 tons, but final landings figures showed that the total catch for the long-line fleet exceeded 20,000 tons, The Japanese Government is now reported to be studying the method of allocating catch quotas to the domestic fish- eries. The 1963 quota for Area A (57,000 tons) was divided on the basis of 81,21 percent for the mothership-type salm- on fishery and 18.79 percent for the land-based gill-net fish- ery. However, inasmuch as the quota for Area B, which is fished exclusively by the land-based fleet, has been reduced by 8,000 tons this year and the 1964 quota for Area A has been reduced by only 2,000 tons as compared to 1963, the land-based fishery operators are expected to agitate for a bigger proportion of the Area A quota allotment. The 1962 catch quota for Area A was 55,000 tons, and for Area B 60,000 tons, In Area B, the Japanese Fisheries Agency plans to allo- cate quotas by type of fishery (i.e., gill-net, long-line, etc.) and also plans to strengthen domestic regulatory measures to ensure full compliance with the Commission's regulations. In addition, the Agency hopes to develop a rapid reporting statis- tical system and a system of estimating catches of vessels at sea, so that when the quotas allotted to the different fisheries are about to be met, the Agency will be able to direct those vessels at sea to terminate their operations even before the season ends, Concerning the 1964 negotiations, the Japanese Minister of Agriculture and Forestry stated that the quota agreement was a reasonable settlement considering the fact that 1964 is a poor pink salmon year. The president of a leading Japanese fishing company viewed the Soviet Union’s modification of its original insistence upon a 48,000-ton quota for Area B as an unexpected concession, The president of the National Feder- ation of Salmon Gill-Net Fishermen’s Associations, however, expressed deep disappointment over the 55,000-ton quota for Area B, stating that the allocation of the quota, which should be determined on the basis of scientific analysis of resources, was instead established as a result of force meeting force, with Japan again being forced to retreat. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, April 23, 25, & 29; Nihon Keizai Shimbun, April 24, 1964; and United States Embassy, Tokyo, May 4, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p, 58; July 1962 p- 47. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT FISHERY TECHNOLOGISTS MEETING: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop- ment (OECD) is organizing a meeting of fishery technologists at Scheveningen (The Hague) in the Netherlands, Septem- ber 14-17, 1964, The object of the meeting is to provide for a broad ex- change of views between technologists from OECD Member Countries on the scientific work accomplished and the prac- tical experience gained since their last meeting in 1956. Considerable progress has been made since 1956 in the tech- niques of handling, processing, and distributing fish and the OECD has felt the need to convene a further meeting of spe- cialists in this field. OECD expects that 150 participants from research cen- ters and industry will attend the meeting, Technologists who wish to attend the meeting are asked to apply as soon as pos- 44 International (Contd.): sible, either directly to the Fisheries Division of the OECD (2, rue Andre Pascal, Paris 16e, France), or through their country’s Delegation to the OECD. Travel and accommoda- tion expenses will be borne by participants. The provisional program of the meeting lists the following topics: September 14, 1964--First and Second Sessions: 1, Storage of Fish in Chilled Sea Water at Sea (Biochemical and Engineering Aspects): (a) Introductory paper on storage in chilled sea water. (b) Storing groundfish in refrigerated sea water. (c) Experiments with storage of herring and shrimp in chilled sea water. (d) Microbiological aspects of storage of fish in chilled sea water. 2, Prepackaging of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked and Other Prod- ucts for Retail Sale: (a) Public health aspects of prepackaging. (b) Properties of packaging materials and their suita- bility for various products, (c) Technological application. (d) Practical experiences with prepacked fresh fish for retail market. September 15--Third and Fourth Sessions: w . Handling of Wet Fish Aboard and on Shore (Except in Chilled Sea Water): (a) General introduction. (b) Mechanization of German trawlers. (c) Development in United States. (d) Construction of trawlers in connection with handling of the catch. (e) Experience in Norway. i> Handling of Wet Fish Aboard and on Shore: (a) Handling of fish in the auction hall and layout of the auction hall. (b) Experiences with plastic fish boxes in French harbors, (c) Hygienic aspects of fish boxes. (d) Handling and distribution of fresh fish. (e) Inland distribution of fresh fish. September 16--Visits to be organized by the Dutch authorities, details of which will be sent with the definite agenda, September 17--Fifth and Sixth Sessions: 5. Problems in Freezing, Cold Storage and Thawing: (a) General introduction about technical and economical aspects of freezing of fish at sea. (b) German experiences in freezing fish at sea. (c) Special problems with freezing of very fresh fish. 6; Problems in Freezing, Cold Storage and Thawing: (a) Time/temperature tolerance for frozen fish and fish products. (b) ‘Thawing of frozen fish, mainly for further process- ing. (c) Thawing of frozen fish. Each of the six sessions will be followed by a discussion period on the subject presented. (OECD Technical Informa- tion Bulletin, Paris, May 13, 1964. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 UNESCO INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION THIRD SESSION MEETS IN PARIS, JUNE 10-19, 1964: Interested countries have been invited to attend the Third Session of the Intergovern- mental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) meeting in-Paris, June 10-19, 1964. UNESCO, at its 11th session, adopted a resolution es- tablishing the IOC "to promote scientific in- vestigation with a view to learning more about the nature and resources of the oceans, through the concerted action of its members.'' IOC programs are carried out through cooperative action by Member States rather than by cen- tralized action, and each Member determines if and to what degree he will participate in any program. IOC has assumed the coordination ot the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), which was originally launched by the Scientif- ic Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). That program will continue through 1965. The first major program initiated by IOC was the International Cooperative Investi- gation of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA), which is virtually completed. IOC has also spon- sored a South Atlantic Cooperative Investiga- tion (SACI), and is expected to approve a Co- operative Study ofthe Kuroshio (CSK) at the Third Session. Other programs to be considered at the Third Session include the General Bathymet- ric Chart of the Oceans sponsored by the In- ternational Hydrographic Bureau (IHB), the International Biological Program (IBP) spon- sored by ICSU, installation and maintenance of tide gauges, a tsunami (tidal wave) warning system in the Pacific, and programs which Members may propose at the Session. The Third Session will also consider a General Scientific Framework for World Ocean Study (GSF), exchange of data and in- formation, means by which the Commission can assist its Members in development of na- tional oceanographic programs, and a Second International Oceanographic Congress tenta- tively scheduled for the spring of 1966 in Mos- cow. July 1964 Argentina FISHERIES TRENDS, 1963: Argentina's fishing industry reported a record production in 1963 and even better re- sults are expected in 1964. Commercial fish- eries landings in Argentina in 1963 consisted of 110,320 metric tons of salt-water fish and 11,988 tons of fresh-water fish for a total of 122,308 tons, or 32 percent more than the 92,326 tons landed in 1962. Argentine fish meal production from salt- water fish in 1963 totaled 6,636 metric tons, which was more than double the 1962 produc- tion of 3,248 tons. Fish meal exports for the first 11 months of 1963 amounted to 3,211 metric tons, as compared with 1,584 tons ex- ported in the full year 1962. Increased production of fishery products in 1963 was aided by the expansion of the freezing and packing industry, especially with respect to the preparation of fillets for ex- port (largely to the United States). The ca- pacity of the fish meal plants at Mar del Plata was also increased and new foreign markets, mainly in Europe, have been found for the in- creasing fish meal production. Argentina's fish meal exports in the first 11 months of 1963 to West Germany alone totaled 2,267 metric tons, whereas in 1961, total fish meal exports amounted to only 260 tons. Argentine officials are optimistic that 1964 will bring further development in the fishing industry. They believe that the constant in- crease in domestic beef prices will spur a significant rise in local consumption of fish. To increase the catch, they plan to add about 20 new fishing vessels to the existing deep- sea fleet of 40 vessels. They also look for expanded fish meal exports. Argentina's fish meal industry is reported to have an annual production capacity of 12,000 tons, so there is considerable unused capacity. There is, however, a need for further in- vestment in parts of the fishing industry. Na- tional and Provincial authorities are planning a development program for the fishing indus- try which would authorize 147.5 million pesos (about US$1.1 million) in credits to renew plant and equipment, increase production, and improve the system of distribution and mar- keting. (United States Embassy, Buenos Aires, April 30, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Dec. 1963 p. 54; Nov. 1963 p. 54; and Sept. 1963 p. 57. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Australia LICENSING AND IMPORT REGULATIONS AFFECTING FISHERIES: The Australian fisheries are subject to regulation by both the Commonwealth Govern- ment and by the Australian State Governments. Licensing: Commonwealth and State or Territorial licenses are required to fish in Australian waters. Licenses are required for each crew member as well as for the ves- sel. Foreign fishing vessels may be licensed to fish in Australian waters, although no for- eign vessels are so licensed at present, ac- cording to the Fisheries Division of the Com- monwealth Department of Primary Industry. Licenses are required of all Australian fishing vessels, regardless of where they fish. The Commonwealth has delegated its licensing authority to the States and Territories, and requires the possession of a local fishing li- cense_as a condition for the issuance of a Commonwealth license. Restrictions on pendite Fish in Australia: Laws and regulations prohibit the landing of fish in Australia by foreign-registered fish- ing vessels without prior approval of the Com- monwealth Minister for Primary Industry. Restrictions on Importing Fishing Equip- ment: The Fisheries Division and the Depart- ment of Customs and Excise of the Common- wealth Government have stated that there are no restrictions, other than payment of applica- ble customs duties, on the importation of fish- ing equipment into Australia. Providing suitably equivalent vessels of Australian manufacture are not ''reasonably available,'' fishing vessels may be imported free of duty under ''by-law," or at the British preferential rate (usually 7.5 percent ad va- lorem). Application for admission under ''by- law'' must be made to the Department of Cus- toms and Excise. Fishing vessels denied admission under those provisions may be admitted on payment of the following import duties: Vessels exceeding 500 tons (gross register) Other vessels eee ee 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Australia (Contd.): Customs duties on other fishing equipment are: MEN Floats for fishing nets Fish hooks ....... Fishing and rabbit nets and netting Other Fisheries Regulations: Specific regulations governing the operation of vari- ous Australian fisheries are issued by the State Government concerned and by the Com- monwealth Government. (United States Em- bassy, Canberra, April 24, 1964.) Notes: (1) BPT = "British Preferential Tariff"--applies to goods of United Kingdom origin. (2) MFN = "Most Favored Nation Rates"'--goods of United States origin fall within this category. HK OOK OK OK DIRECT FISH LANDINGS BY FOREIGN VESSELS RESTRICTED: The Australian Government is said to have amended the tariff regulation restricting di- rect exports to Australia of fish taken by for- eign fishing vessels, according to the Japa- nese Fisheries Agency. Direct export is de- fined as export of catches not landed in a for- eign port prior to their entry into Australia for unloading or transshipment. Exports to Australia of fish transshipped from another foreign port are permitted, provided their entry has been approved and documented by the Australian Minister of Primary Indus- tries. According to a survey made by the Japa- nese Fisheries Agency, Japan's 1963 direct exports by Japanese fishing vessels to Aus- tralia of frozen tuna (which form the bulk of frozen fish exports to that country) amounted in value to US$5,781 for bluefin, $6,694 for skipjack, and $1,611 for albacore--a total of $14,086. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 2, 1964.) OK OK Ok Ok SPINY LOBSTER TAGGING PROJECT: Spiny lobster tagging was carried out in the Abrolhos Islands area of Western Aus- tralia during January 22-February 12, 1964, by 2 teams from the West Australian State Fisheries Department. Vol. 26, No. 7 About 7,000 spiny lobsters were tagged with a plastic dart tag inserted between the second and third tail segments. The tag has a barbed plastic shank to which is attached a spaghetti-like orange plastic tube bearing the letters F.D. and a serial number. The tag is 33 inches long and the diameter of the tube (Panulirus penicillatus) one-twelfth of an inch. When the spiny lobster sheds its shell (moults), the barbed shank should hold the tag in the flesh so the new Shell will grow around it. Some tags will be lost, of course, during the moulting process. The purpose of the program is to obtain information on growth rates. Spiny lobsters only grow during a moult, so tagging was planned to take advantage of the general ma- ture spiny lobster moult which takes place during February and March. The spiny lobster commercial fishing sea- son opened March 15, 1964, in the Abrolhos Island area. For the project to be successful, the cooperation of fishermen is required. In- vestigators need every tagged spiny lobster caught. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, March 1964.) KK ok OK TROUT FARM PLANNED IN TASMANIA: Australia's first fresh- and salt-water trout farm has been proposed for a site in Bridport, Tasmania. The Australian business - man sponsoring the project has engaged a Danish expert to help in the venture, and ap- plied to the Tasmanian State Government for a license under legislation approved in 1963. Discussing his plans, the Australian business - man said, "Our target will also be the salmon July 1964 Australia (Contd.): market, Australia imported about 8 million pounds of canned salmon from Japan and Canada in 1962, and we believe we can com- pete with the imported product, using rain- bow trout. Ultimately it is hoped to produce fresh, frozen, and smoked fish for Australia and overseas.'' He said that later efforts might be made to build up a trade in trout eggs to supply fish farms in the United States and Europe. An application has been made to the Tas- manian Government to use land on a mudflat adjacent to the Brid River for the trout-rear- ing station. Later it is hoped to develop an- other 50 acres of the Bar Marsh area near the Brid estuary. Fresh water for the station would be drawn from the Brid River. As the station grows more water could be drawn from the Great Forrester River and nearby creeks. The ini- tial plan is to reclaim the mudflat on the south side of the Brid River estuary for a series of fresh-water rearing ponds. The Bar Marsh section might become a fattening station where fish would be transferred when they were large enough to withstand sea wa- ter. However, the Bar Marsh would not be developed until more was known about the be- havior of trout in salt and fresh water. If early approval of the venture is received, a small number of trout might be harvested from the fish farm in 1965. (Australian Fish- eries Newsletter, March 1964.) British West Indies OUTLOOK FOR BARBADOS SHRIMP FISHERY PROMISING: By the end of 1963 it became evident that the actual potential of the newly established frozen shrimp enterprise in Barbados, oper- ated by United States interests, had been un- derestimated by both the Barbados Govern- ment and the company management. Initial- ly, the Barbados fishery company planned for a gradual increase in its United States-owned and operated trawler fleet of 25 vessels, and the Government had agreed to expand the in- adequate cold-storage and freezing facilities of the Barbados Marketing Corporation to ac- commodate the shrimp landings anticipated. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Table 1 - Commercial Production of Fisheries Products 1 in Cambodia, 1960- 1963 47 Later, because the Government appeared re- luctant to go along with the company's revised expansion plans, the company indicated that it would withdraw its base of operations. How- ever, an agreement was finally reached and the company is now talking in terms of a 100- trawler fleet which would make Barbados one of the largest fishing fleet centers south of Tampa, Fla. If the plans for expansion devel- op, it is anticipated that 2 million pounds of frozen shrimp will be exported from Barbados within a 2- to 3-year period. The year 1963 was summed up as a poor year for the local fishing industry in Barbados. The major problem to be overcome is the lack of capital for buying the equipment necessary which would permit fishermen to go beyond the shore line and engage in deep-sea fishing operations. (United States Consulate, Barba- dos, April 24, 1964.) Cambodia COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PRODUCTION, 1960-1963: The commercial production of fishery prod- ucts in Cambodia showed a general increase during the period 1960-1963, See Metric Tons Hectoliters 3 Fatt mer ‘fish liquid. 4/Production reported in "hand" units as 1.5 million "hands." Production reported in "hand" units as 580,000 "hands," ource: Cambodian Government Fisheries Source. Statistics on fisheries production in Cam- bodia understate the total commercial catch, since a considerable part of the marine catch is delivered outside Cambodia. Inaddition, a substantial amount of the fresh-water fish catch by family or subsistence fishermen enters commercial channels without being recorded in official statistics (see table 2 on following page). (United States Embassy, Phnom Penh, April 24, 1964.) 48 Cambodia (Contd.): Table 2 - Major Species Which Comprise 90 Percent of the Commercial Catch Family: Cyprinidae (Carps): Leptobarbus hoeveni, Dangila siamensis, Thynnichthyes thynnoides, Osteochilus melanopleura, Osteochilus has- selti, Cirrhinus auratus, Labeo chrysophekadion. Catfishes of several families: Clarias batrachus, Wallago attu, Cryptopterus apogon, Pan- gasius (3 species) Other species from various families: Ophiocephalus (several species), Anabas testudineus, Pseudo- sciaena soldado, Oxyeleotris marmorata. % Republic of Cameroon CHINESE TUNA VESSELS TO TRAIN CAMEROON FISHERMEN: Two Nationalist Chinese tuna fishing ves- sels arrived on the west African coast at Douala on April 4, 1964, to begin training work with Cameroon fishermen. The tuna fishing training program is for 18 months under an accord signed in September 1963 by the Republic of China and the Republic of Cameroon. Plans call for each Chinese crew to work intensively with a group of 3 trainees for a 4-months period. The tuna vessels are the Chung Yu 501 and Chung Yu 502 (each 197 feet long with a net displacement of 600 metric tons and a hold capacity for 400 metric tons of frozen fish). The vessels are equipped for long-line fish- ing. On each vessel, refrigeration equipment can turn out 6 tons of ice a day and freeze 15 tons of fish an hour. After freezing, the catch will be stored in compartments at tempera- tures less than 20° F. Each vessel, witha crew of 30 seamen and 10 officers, carries such modern equipment as radar and sonar. A smaller vessel of 10 tons, carried by one of the larger tuna vessels, will be used for coastal fishing. According to press sources, the tuna caught on the high seas will be sold either in Abidjan in the Ivory Coast, or Monrovia in Liberia. The port of Douala lacks the refrigeration and canning facilities which are available at Abid- jan and Monrovia. (United States Embassy, Yaounde, April 10, 1964.) BSAASABAKSBBAA COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Canada BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNED SALMON INDUSTRY ASKS FOR TARIFF REDUCTION AT 1964 GATT NEGOTIATIONS: The Fisheries Association of British Co- lumbia filed a statement March 16, 1964, with the Canadian Tariffs and Trade Committee concerning the scheduled 1964 trade negotia- tions in Geneva under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Pointing out that the salmon canning industry of British Columbia is export oriented, the Association recom- mended that Canadian representatives make every effort to halt the upward movement of tariff rates on canned salmon in European countries. More favorable tariff conditions in the United States were also mentioned as objectives for Canadian negotiators. The United Kingdom offers a duty-free market to Canadian canned salmon and ab- sorbs most of British Columbia's export sales of canned sockeye salmon, but the Province's canned pink salmon pack has a much wider market. Until common tariffs began to be imposed in member nations of the European Economic Community, Canadian canned salm- on enjoyed free entry into both Belgium and the Netherlands. Now both countries impose a 5.4 percent duty on Canadian canned salmon and Belgium adds an additional 6-percent in- ternal tax. The highest consumer prices for canned salmon are found in France whichim- poses an import duty of 18 percent as well as the French consumers tax. That is said to be one of the reasons that France, with more than 5 times the population of Holland, pur- chases only slightly more canned salmonfrom Canada than the Dutch. The Fisheries Association of British Co- lumbia also discussed the export market situ- ation in Australia and New Zealand. The As- sociation has sent representatives twice inthe last three years to appear before the Austra- lian Tariff Commission. The Canadian salm- on industry wishes to preserve the export mar- ket in Australia which permits unrestricted entry of Canadian canned salmon on the nom- inal duty basis of 1d. (1.17 U. S. cents) per pound. In concluding, the Association's brief said "in return for any concessions made, conces- sions should be received which will have the effect of broadening the market area for our products or of reducing that part of the cost to our foreign customers which is represented July 1964 Canada (Contd.): by import tariff rates." (Facts on Fish, April 9, 1964, Fisheries Association of B.C.) sk sk sk sk wk OK OK OK OK SMALL STERN-FISHING FACTORYSHIPS ORDERED BY NEWFOUNDLAND FIRM FROM DUTCH SHIPYARD: In the fall of 1964, a Dutch shipyard is ex- pected to deliver the first in a series of 4 small stern-fishing factoryships ordered by a Canadian fisheries firm in St. John's, New- foundland. The main dimensions of the vessels will be: overall length 164 feet, beam 29.5 feet, and moulded depth 22.7 feet. The factory trawlers have been designed so that their catch will be hauled aboard a stern chute. Ona sheltered quarterdeck, the fish will be processed mechanically, and then stowed in refrigerated holds, Filleting ma- chines, freezing equipment, and an ice-making machine will be located below deck. The fish hold of each vessel will have a capacity of 14,120 cubic feet, and each vessel will be able to land about 280 tons of frozen fish or 320 tons of fresh iced fish. Each of the factoryships willhaveacrew of 20. (Com- mercial Fishing, March 1964.) te sk ook He OOK OK OK OK NEW COMMITTEE FORMED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FRESH-WATER FISHERIES: A national program for the development of Canada's fresh-water fisheries was imple- mented early in May with the formation of a Federal-Provincial Prairie Fisheries Com- mittee, announced the Canadian Department of Fisheries on May 12, 1964. Members of the new Committee are the Deputy Ministers of Federal and Provincial departments re- sponsible for fisheries. At a two-day organizational meeting, the committee, which is a result of the Federal- Provincial Conference on Fisheries Develop- ment held in Ottawa last January, adopted terms of reference, to be ratified by the gov- ernments concerned, and appointed subcom- mittees to make recommendations for indus- trial development and research. It received a progress report from a study group onmar- keting problems. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 The Chief of the Fish and Wildlife Branch of the Ontario Department of Lands and For- ests represented Ontario which was invited tosenda representative to the meeting because the fisheries problems of its northern lakes are similar to those of the Prairie Provinces and the Northwest Territories. The main purpose of the committee, which is similar in concept to the Federal-Provin- cial Atlantic Fisheries Committee, is to pro- vide for the orderly and progressive develop- ment of a healthy and economic fisheries and to that end to coordinate, where practicable, the activities in the respective fields of re- sponsibility of its members. The committee is expected to make recommendations to the respective governments for the implementa- tion of fisheries programs and projects of common concern. These recommendations would include the development of methods and techniques in the catching of fish and of shore and plant facilities, and studies on the eco- nomics of fisheries to ensure that any pro- posed program of development is soundly based. A second meeting, for reports on progress, is tobe heldat Winnipeg, Manitoba, in the fall of 1964. Chile FISH MEAL INDUSTRY TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1964: After relatively good fishing during Janu- ary and early February 1964, the fish reduc- tion industry of northern Chile was again faced with a scarcity of raw material in March. Anchoveta, the commercial fish of the northern fish meal plants, disappeared off Arica February 20 and had not returned by mid-April. Off Iquique, anchoveta contin- ued to be found in abundance until the second week of March 1964. Then, for almost a month, few Iquique vessels found sufficient fish to make their trip worthwhile until mid- April, when anchoveta reappeared within reach of the Iquique fleet. The absence of anchoveta from northern coastal waters of Chile in late February and early March has been noted in former years and was not viewed with alarm by the indus- try. The prolonged absence this year was be- lieved to be due to the unseasonably warm 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Chile (Contd.): weather through late March which may have moved the fish south out of reach of the north- ern fishing fleets. (Vessels taking anchoveta must be able to deliver their catch to the fish meal plants within a day or carry ice, which is not feasible.) The Chilean Fisheries Development Insti- tute, which became operative January 1, 1964, has leased a purse-seine vessel in order to speed up its study ofanchoveta. (United States Embassy, Santiago, April 18, 1964.) Costa Rica GREEN TURTLE REGULATIONS: The Department of Fish and Wildlife of the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture is draft- ing regulations to control the capture of green sea turtles (Chelone mydas mydas) during the months that they appear in large numbers off the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica (July, August, September). The plan may provide for the establishment of a buying agency by the Con- sejo Nacional de Produccion at Limon with gents at the Ports of Colorado, Tortuguero, and Parismina. The plan reportedly will au- thorize the Consejo to sell turtle meat at re- tail through its sales agencies and also whole- sale the turtle meat to retail meat shops throughout Costa Rica. The new regulations will implement De- cree No. 9 of May 24, 1963, published in the Official Gazette of May 30, 1963. Fol- lowing are the main provisions of Costa Rican Decree No. 9: Article (1) Permits for the capture of green sea turtles shall be issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock. Article (2) Permits for capturing green sea turtles shall be extended only for the pe- riod during which the turtles arrive at the Costa Rican coast--June, July, and Au- gust--and shall expire on August 31. Article (3) The capture of green sea turtles for commercial purposes is prohibited on the beaches and for a distance of 1 kilo- meter (about 0.62 mile) inland, measuring from the high-tide mark. 1964.) Vol. 26, No. 7 Article (4) The unloading of captured green sea turtles shall be permitted only when the proportion of females does not exceed 50 percent of total lot. Article (5) The concessionaire (permit hold- er) shall notify the appropriate fisheries authorities at Limon of the number of tur- tles captured during each voyage and the areas where they were taken. Article (6) Live captured turtles can be kept in pens for a period not to exceed 15 days. Turtles which have been captured by har- poon must be slaughtered within 24 hours after unloading. Article (7) The exportation of turtles shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) approval by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock on each export shipment of live or processed turtles; (b) approval by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock on each export shipment of turtle shells (‘'caparazones"') or other type of product; (c) the exportation of live turtles shall be authorized only after the national (local) demand for them has been satisfied; (d) applications for export permits shall be filed with Fish and Wildlife Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, specifying the legal qualifications of the applicant, a description of the product to be exported, the destinations, and respec- tive value. Decree No. 9. was signed by the President of the Costa Rican Republic, May 24, 1963. (United States Embassy, Costa Rica, April 3, ‘Cuba EQUIPMENT FOR NEW FISH CANNERY BUILT IN ESTONIA: Machinery and equipment fora fish cannery in Cuba is reported to have been built in the Estonian Socialist Soviet Republic. The plant, in the Havana Bay area, will have a daily ca- pacity of about 4,500 pounds of finished prod- uct. Soviet technicians were tg be sent to Cuba to help set up the equipment. (Unpublished source.) July 1964 Denmark FISHERIES DEVELOPMENTS, APRIL 1964: Separate Fishery Negotiations Sought at GATT Sessions: A proposal to seek separate negotiations on fishery prod- ucts rather than have them included with agricultural com- modities during the Kennedy Round at Geneva was discussed at the early April 1964 meeting of the Nordic contact committee on fishery problems. The proposal was made because it was feared that the difficulties involved in the agricultural nego- tiations would overwhelm the fishery discussions, Continued Dispensation on Undersized Whiting Requested: Denmark plans to request a prolongation of the dispensation from the North Sea Convention which permits its fishermen in vessels with not over 150 hp. to use nets with less than the prescribed size mesh and to land whiting less than the minimum size of 23 centimeters (9 inches) in unlimited quan- tity if taken in prescribed areas of the Kattegat and Skager- rak, The dispensation originally expired May 1, 1963, but was extended for another year, The whiting catch is used mainly for pond trout food and mink food by Denmark’s near- ly 600 trout-pond operators and about 4,000 fur farmers, Some whiting is processed into fish meal, Danish biological studies show no adverse effects on the resource fished nor on the fishery for whiting for human food in other areas. Danish whiting landings for all purposes in 1963 amounted to about 55,000 metric tons, which is a new record, Processing and Distributing Plaice: Packaged frozen plaice fillets are reported to cost the Copenhagen consumer 2-1/2 times as much as the fisherman received for the plaice from which they were processed, according to a Dan- ish newspaper reporter and a fishery exporter. Their calcu- lations were based on a package of frozen fillets selling at a Copenhagen supermarket for Kr, 3.95 (57.3 U.S, cents), The 8 fillets in the package weighed 450 grams (about one pound), On that basis, the retail cost of two fillets from one plaice was about Kr, 0,99 (14.4 cents). In Danish retail fish stores, plaice usually are sold alive and filleted to order--an example of Danish insistence on quality. The frozen product is handled in other types of stores having the right to sell frozen foods, Such frozen food outlets may be tripled in 1966 if proposed legislation is approved, Fisheries Limits--Skagerrak: Regulation of the fisheries and fisheries limits in the Skagerrak--the rich fishing area between Norway, Sweden, and Denmark--was an agenda item at the early April meeting of the Nordic contact committee on fishery problems. The discussion was in general terms and mainly exploratory with respect to the intentions of those three countries. No conclusions were reached, and no proposals are expected until there has been further study and another meeting. Costs of Processing and Distributing Frozen, Packaged Plaice Fillets in Denmark érel Cost of one plaice at auction. ....... Income from filleting waste sold for |_trout or fur-animal food ........- Net cost of fish... se ee ee 32.6 DimectHlabOrn igs es seeders sie se ele Yee Packaging ......++s oy oteoni 2) |Depreciation and interest ...... at Cost of processed fillets ..... Processor's and wholesaler's profit-- about 18% on wholesale price ...... etailer's profit--about 33% on METAL MPRICS! Sap eusinsie ese Ashe one Sets 1/One Danish krone (100 gre) equals U. S. $0.145. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 The probable substantial increase in the Skagerrak her- ring fishery predicted for the coming winter and a number of years in the future by a noted Norwegian biologist has brought some urgency to the matter of fisheries limits and rights in that area. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark naturally wish to preserve as much of the fishing area as possible for their own fishermen if the herring are to return as they have done in about 100-year cycles for a thousand years, accord- ing to predictions, Fisheries Limits--Denmark: Extension of Denmark’s fisheries limits to 12 miles, as provided in the agreement reached at the Western European Fisheries Conference in London in February, was expected wouldcome with deliberate speed, Introduction of the necessary legislation in the Dan- ish Parliament probably will be preceded by negotiations with West Germany and the Netherlands with respect to their fishing rights in Danish waters, Discussions of the proposed fisheries limits between Denmark’s Fisheries Ministry and the Danish fisheries associations were reported to be just be- ginning about mid-April. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, April 22, 1964.) KK K OK OX FISHERIES TRENDS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: Landings: Denmark’s fishery landings in January- March 1964 were down about 5 percent from the same peri- od in 1963 because of stormy weather and less abundant in- dustrial fish, The usual large Norway pout fishery-- 132,000 metric tons in 1962--dropped to 97,000 tons in 1963, presumably because of a poor year-class, but that fishery could recover in 1964, The common sole fishery, which de- clined about 80 percent in 1963 as compared with 1962 (be- cause of the severe winter), is not expected to recover fully until 1966 or 1967, The North Sea herring fishery should give good yields in July and August of this year, according to Danish biologists. If the Norwegian herring follow a fa- mous Norwegian biologist’s predictions--as they seem to be doing-~there should be a good herring fishery this coming winter in the inner Skagerrak and possibly on the Jutland banks in the North Sea, Unless the industrial fish catch im- proves, the current shift of cutters to fishing for foodfish could result in a somewhat smaller but more valuable total catch by Danish fishing vessels in 1964, Since Denmark’s fishery for undersized whiting, under a dispensation from the North Sea Convention, has not affected the whiting resources fished for either industrial or food uses according to their biologists, Denmark expects a re- newal of the dispensation which expired May 1, 1964, Should this dispensation not be granted, the whiting fishery (55,000 metric tons in 1963) would be seriously curtailed. Exports: Danish exporters of fishery products look for- ward to a favorable year for exports in 1964 if landings equal or surpass those of 1963, For the first quarter of 1964, total fishery exports were about 4 percent less in quan- tity but 12 percent greater in value than during the compar- able period in 1963. Denmark’s exports of fishery products to the United States in the first quarter of 1964 were down about 40 percent in quantity and value from the same period in 1963, Pond trout exports were about 65 percent less in value, cod exports were down about 50 percent, and canned herring and brisling exports dropped about 20 percent, Canned shrimp exports were about the same as the same period in 1963, but Norway lobster exports increased about 130 percent, New Developments: A new development in 1964 has been the importing of fillet waste from the United States and Can- ada to supply food for Danish and Swedish fur animal (mink) farms, Prices f.o.b. Gloucester, Mass., at just under 2 cents a pound permit delivery in Denmark at about 3-1/4 cents a pound when shipped in large lots. 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): Because of the failure of the bluefin tuna fishery in Nor- way and Denmark last season, Japanese-caught big-eyed tuna were imported by Danish canners at $350 a metric ton f.o.b. Italy. When trucked to Skagen the total cost was $400 a ton. (Tuna producers in New England have been informed of Danish canners as a potential tuna market.) United States Market: Lower prices in the United States market do not seem to be of especial concern. Alternate markets for cod fillets, for example, are being sought, and found, in England and on the Continent by Danish, Faroese, and Greenland producers. Pond trout sell as profitably in Europe as in the United States. However, the Danish Con- sulates General in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago have reported to Danish processors that there is an in- creasing demand for Danish canned and frozen fish in those areas, and the Danish fisheries attache post in New York is to be filled. Danish sardine canners cannot compete in the United States market with Maine canners for the less expensive canned sardine market when the Maine pack is normal, but Danish specialties, such as canned brisling in wine sauce, enjoy good United States markets. Currently, Danish can- ners are having difficulty competing with Canadian sardine canners on the world market. When possible, Danish can- ners try to market higher priced specialties. They pay about $58 per metric ton to the fishermen for herring and about $70 per ton for brisling. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, April 29, 1964.) 2K OOK OK OK INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, 1963: Fish Meal: The Danish supply of fishmeal in 1963 was only 1.5 percent less than in the previous year. Domestic production accounted for most of the supply, although Iceland ship- ped 8,706 metric tons of fish meal (more than half was herring) to Denmark in 1963, and Norway supplied 3,508 tons (somewhat less than half was herring). A small quantity (93.5 tons) was also received from the United States. Distribution of the Danish fish meal supply in 1963 was about thesame as in1962. Amod- Table 1 - Danish Fish Meal Supply and Distribution, 1962-1963 (1, 000 Metric Tons) Supply: Scie on hand January 1 .... Domestic production Imports . 0. 202+ ee ee ooo Eee ries Domestic consumption Exports Stocks on hand December 31 1/Estimated. 2/Revised. cece eee ee ee eo ow eee Vol. 26, No. 7 erate decline in domestic use for animal feed in 1963 was about offset by a gain in exports. The principal buyers of Danish fish meal (mostly herring) in 1963 were the United King- dom with 31,255 tons, West Germany with 6,793 tons, Poland with 5,529 tons, Switzer - land with 4,277 tons, Finland with 3,269 tons, Sweden with 2,809 tons, and the Netherlands with 2,023 tons. Marine Oils: Refined oils from Perumade up a large part of Denmark's marine oil im- ports, although the imports in 1963 also in- cluded sizable shipments of crude marine oils from Peru. Danish production of hardened or refined marine and animal oils amounted to 25,000 tons in 1963 and 24,912 tons in 1962. Domestic production of crude fish oil (includ- ing herring oil)--the major factor in Danish production of crude--amounted to 25,000 tons in 1963 and 24,697 tons in 1962. Domestic production of other crude marine oils (whale, seal, and other) in Denmark amounted to 2,081 tons in 1962 (comparable data for 1963 is not yet available). - Table 2 - Danish Imports of Marine Oils, 1962-1963 Commodity and Country of Origin 1963 1962 « » (Metric Tons)... . Whale oil, crude: REMY oO Goo Ooo KOo ODD Netherlands .........-. Sperm oil, crude: Norway ...-+... West Germany ee ee Seal oil, crude: Norwaydileiialcieiel sient Herring oil, crude: United States ... West Germany . . Teeland oye) sie Norway ..... United Kingdom Other marine oils, crude: Peruiesietei-iietsikene Mei ieil=!i fin INGE oO Oo Oooo oD ORO United Kingdom Marine oils, refined: SEW AT METI: custo Ne ts ECTUGsitW et el cleft siieltsiveilel ellis Other countries ... » » Bardens wo Sigel Goo bobo oondooo Other countries 9 6,719.2 3, 396.6 July 1964 Denmark (Contd.): Table 3 - Danish Exports of Marine Oils, 1962-1963 Commodity and Country of Destination 1963 1962 (Metric Tons) ... Whale oil, crude: West Germany «2+ +eeees Seal oil, crude: 1/ Total all countries . Herring oil, crude: Finland’. sss ec ce ee United Kingdom West Germany .... eoreeeeee Other marine oils, crude: West Germany . Czechoslovakia Other countries 598.5 100.0 326.0 738.7 1,073.6 288.9 Marine oils, refined: Total all countrie 1, 105.0 2, 850.0 1,011.9 1,653.0 -| 2,116.9 4,503.0 1/Mostly to West Germany, and some to Sweden, 2/Mostly to Norway and West Germany, and a small quan- tity to Sweden, Crude herring oil accounted for the bulk of Danish exports of marine oils. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, April 16, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 73. Ethiopia NEW COMPANY WILL HANDLE FISHERY PRODUCTS: Organization of an Ethiopian-Bulgarian company which will engage in shipping, fish- ing, and other activities was announced early in 1964, The capital of the company has been reported as Eth$2 million (US$800,000), of which one-fourth is paid up. . It appears that 16,980 shares of the company's 20,000 regis- tered shares are held by a Bulgarian Govern- ment organization. The new company has registered four car- go ships under the Ethiopian flag to engage in general shipping between ports on the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. The newly registered cargo vessels are under- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 stood to have previously been the property of a Bulgarian organization, and the vessels will initially be manned by Bulgarian or other for- eign crews. In the future, a training program for Ethiopian seaman may be arranged. Four new 300-ton fishing vessels are to be acquired by the company. Each fishing vessel will have refrigeration equipment to store 120 metric tons of fish at 0° C. (32° F.), The company will obtain fish both from its own fleetandfrom localfishermen. Edible fish will be frozen, presumably for the European market, and the remainder will be processed’ as fish meal. A freezing plant, fish meal plant and ice plant will be built near Massawa, Ethi- opia, in an area north of the city. The freez- ing plant will have a minimum capacity of 30 tons a day and a maximum capacity of 80 tons. The capacity of the fish meal plant will be 60 tons of raw fish a day. The ice plant will be capable of producing 60 tons of ice a day. A pier will also be built. (Unpublished sources.) ry German Federal Republic FISHERIES RESEARCH VESSEL "WALTHER HERWIG'' COMMISSIONED: The Walther Herwig was commissioned as West Germany's second fisheries research vessel on October 28, 1963. Specifications of the vessel are: length overall 83.2 meters (272.9 feet), width 12.5 meters (41.0 feet), gross tonnage 1,987 tons, and net tonnage 889 tons. The vessel is powered by a 2,000 horse- power engine. The Walther Herwig will operate in the At- lantic Ocean and will be used primarily for marine and fisheries research. The vessel began its first cruise November 25, 1963, when it sailed for the west coast of Greenland to carry out fisheries biological investigations. (International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Newsletter, No. 44.) se FREEZER-TRAWLER LANDINGS, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1964: During February 1964, two Greek freezer trawlers and two refrigerator vessels landed Greece 54 Greece (Contd.): 992 tons of frozen fish at the port of Piraeus, down 36 percent from the same month a year earlier but 11 percent more than in February 1962. In January 1964, a total of 2,250 tons of frozen fish was landed by five freezer trawlers and one refrigerator vessel. Total landings of frozen fish in January- February 1964 of 3,242 tons increased 11 per- cent from the 2,934 tons landed in the same period of 1963, (Alieia, March 1964.) se ok oie) ok 36 NEW EXPERIMENT TO USE FISH MEAL AS FISH FOOD: The Government of Greece is starting an experiment--a new use for fish meal. If it is successful, a sizable new market for the prod- uct might be created. The experiment, to be carried out by the Greek Ministry of Indus- try's Department of Fisheries, is to import from Denmark 3 or 4 tons of fish meal which is to be used as fish food at 3 trout hatcheries in Greece. Because Greece's Mediterranean waters no longer provide enough food fish and yields from the distant Atlantic Ocean fishing grounds are declining, the Greek Department of Fish- eries hopes to help meet the demand for food fish with hatchery-reared fish, and possibly salt-water fish from estuaries. The Director of the Greek Department of Fisheries cited the pioneer work done in Den- mark in the use of fish meal as fish food. He said: "In 1946 Denmark produced 400 tons of trout fed from fish meal, and in 1961 the to- tal was 7,500 tons. The research workers there found that with fish meal they could grow a marketable fish in 18 months." The three hatcheries in Greece include a state hatchery at Jannena, in northwestern Greece, a Second under construction at Edes- sa in Macedonia, and a private hatchery near Laevadia, about 80 miles northwest of Athens. The possible significance of the experiment to fish-meal producers would be in supplying the hundreds of state and private fish hatcher- ies scattered throughout Greece. Another possibility would be smaller sales of fish meal to farmers and others maintaining fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 ponds, either to supply their own tables orto provide fishing on a paying basis to others. Farmers are encouraged to dam streams and thus make small lakes which are stocked with fish. The Department of Fisheries also plans to later try fish meal as a fish food on fish in the brackish waters of many estuaries of the seas almost surrounding Greece. About 100 of those are now being developed by the Gov- ernment and exploited under concession by private firms and fishermen's cooperatives. The inlets being developed have narrow en- trances which can be closed with a bamboo dike or weir in the spring and summer to ad- mit water but prevent escape of the fish. The fish are now allowed to grow naturally in the inlets, but enrichment of their natural food supply with fish meal might well stimulate more growth. The hoped for results are larger fish and lower prices to the consum- ers. A parallel experiment, said the head of the Department of Fisheries, may be in at- tempting to stimulate plankton growth in the estuaries by introduction of nutritious chem- icals such as nitrogen and phosphates. Since fish feed on plankton, they would benefit from having a better naturalfood supply. He added, however, that feeding of fish meal will be more successful, if for no other reason than that it eliminates the intermediate step of feeding plankton. (Alieia, March 1964.) Iceland FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRiNCIPAL SPECIES, 1962-1963: « » (Metric Tons). . . 223,449 Total eines a 773, 602 832,084 Note: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. 2K OK OK Ae 3K July 1964 Iceland (Contd.): FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-NOVEMBER 1963: January -November + «+ (Metric Tons)... . 226, 508 217,968 46, 850 50, 351 13,722 12,585 5,318 6, 846 17,077 13,283 5,473 4,984 31,718 21, 398 1,112 1,483 384, 879 424, 569 603 532 1,077 5,177 Cod Haddock... Saithe .... Ling .. +e Wolffish (catfish)! Cusk (3) a! dia, « Ocean perch . Halibut Herring Shrimp Capelin . Lobster Other 6, 297 9, 866 Total 745, 811 766, 339 Note: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight, 2,474 *K OOK OK OK OK EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1962-63: During 1963, there was a considerable in- crease in exports of frozen and salted her- ring, herring meal, and cod-liver oil as com- pared with 1962, according to the Statistical Icelandic Fishery Exports, 1962-63 Product Other roes for food, salted .. Roes for bait, salted Note: Values converted at rate of 1 krona equals 2,32 U. S. cents. Bureau of Iceland's Statistical Bulletin, Feb- ruary 1964. Exports of frozen fish fillets and herring oil showed a decrease in1963. kK KOK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962-1963: How Utilized Herring!/ for: Canning ... Oilandmeal .... Freezing +. « «sss Salting . . Fresh on ice ..... Groundfish2/ for: Fresh on ice 4» » + «% Freezing and filleting SALEIIGis cial so lere 07s 5 6 Stockfish (dried unsalted) Canning verels siisie «. « Home consumption Bd Oil and meal Capelin for: Freezing ... Oil and meal Shrimp for: Freezing ... Canning ... Lobsters for: Fresh on ice ... Freezing . se. oe a) ene 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish, Source: Aegir, April 1, 1964. Ok OK KOK UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY -NOVEMBER 1963: How Utilized Ua Bes | 1963 1962 - « « (Metric Tons)... Herring2/ for: Canning ... Oil and meal Freezing ... Salting Fresh on ice . Groundfish2/ for: Freshjonucel: ¢.¢j«,0.6 16, « Freezing and filleting .. Salting wee cee see Stockfish (dried unsalted) Canning ...2-.ccae Home consumption ... Oil and meal Capelin for: Freezing .scececcvece Oil and'meal. .. 2... Shrimp for: FL@GZing | Vs; a) ola eye 0 wlsce Canning cop. yeie 18.8.0, 9.0, © Lobsters for: Rreshion ice? sss) we 06 Freezing . 2.6. Total production 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish. Source: Aegir, March 1964, 745, 811 766, 339 % OK OK OK OK 56 Iceland (Contd.): TWO NEW FISHING VESSELS DELIVERED BY BRITISH SHIPYARD: The Jorundur II and an identical sister- ship, the Jorundur III, were delivered to Ice- landic owners in March and April 1964 by a British shipyard in Selby. The dimensions of the new vessels are: length between per- pendiculars 104 feet, length overall 1193 feet, moulded breadth 25 feet, moulded depth 12 feet, and gross tonnage 267 tons. Main pow- er in both vessels is provided by an 800- horsepower Diesel engine. Both are equip- ped with variable pitch propellers. Specifically designed for service in Ice- landic waters, each vessel has a multipur- pose fish deck which by its layout enables gear and fishing methods to be changed ac- cording to season. The vessels will probably operate as purse Seiners in herring fisheries for 8 to 9 months out of the year, but they can also be used for trawling and long-lining. The builder's description of the Jorundur II states, in part, ''when trawling, the vessel employs fore and aft gallows on the starboard side, the aft unit of which is removed for purse-netting and long-lining operations. Twelve men are employed for trawling. Line fishing for cod requires a crew of 16 on Jor- undur II--the extra numbers being engaged in hook-baiting... the line is paid out over a runner in the stern immediately beneath the boat deck... . "The bulwarks of the fish deck and the section boards of the fish pounds are 15inch es higher than normal for the better reten- tion of the herring catch; a gravity chute is used for the rapid transfer of the herring from fish deck to hold." The total fishroom capacity of the Jorun- dur Il was reported to be 9,630 cubic feet. Cooling grids maintain a fishroom tempera= ture of 35° to 37° F. Two liver tanks with a combined capacity of 1,500 gallons are fitted forward of the fishroom on port and starboard sides. Both Jorundur Il and III were built to Lloyds Class 100 Ai "Trawler" specification, and strengthened for navigation inice. The ves- sels are of all-welded construction and were built by unit prefabrication methods. Their design embodies a bar keel, cruiser stern, raked round-nose stem of clipper form, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 flush deck with whaleback. Though convention- al in type and mechanical layout, the vessels were equipped with modern navigational and fish-finding electronic equipment. India INDO-NORWEGIAN FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS CONTINUED: The Norwegian fisheries development proj- ect in India will be intensified during the fis - eal year April 1, 1964-March 31, 1965. For work during that period, the Norwegian Gov- ernment has provided an appropriation of Kr. 6.8 million (US$952,000) and the Indian Government will also contribute substantial amounts. The basis for the cooperation is an agreement between India, Norway, and the United Nations concluded in 1952, and supple- mented by later agreements in 1953, 1956, 1961, and 1963. A chapter in the history of the Indo-Nor- wegian project was closed April 1, 1963, when Norwegian specialists withdrew from the villages of Sakthikulangara and Neenda- kara in the Province of Kerala where the project originally began. In that projectarea, a boatyard, engineering workshop, ice factory, and fish-freezing plant had been established. The Norwegian specialists now plan to es- tablish similar fishing stations at Cannanore in northern Kerala, Karwar in Mysore, and Madapam in Madras. It is estimated that con- struction of fishing facilities in those ports will be partially completed by the end of 1964. The working program for the year also in- cludes continued development of the fishery station in Cochin, Kerala, where the adminis- tration headquarters of the Indo-Norwegian fishery project is located. Plans also callfor experimental fishing from the new stations. When the boatyards at the new fishing stations are put into operation, the training of local fishermen will begin. A total of 26 Norwegian fishery specialists are now engaged in the fishery project in India. For most of the Norwegian positions, there are corresponding Indian positions, since the work will eventually be transferred entirely to Indian technicians. The project is administrated by Indian au- thorities in consultation with the Norwegian July 1964 India (Contd.): project director. Until recently, the overall administration of the project was under the Provincial Government in Kerala, but it has now been transferred to the Central Government in New Delhi. (United States Embassy, Oslo, April 12, 1964, and News of Norway, May 23, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 78, and February 1962 p. 69. Japan FROZEN TUNA TO BE EXPORTED TO CUBA: A Japanese fishing company is reported to have notified the Fisheries Agency of its in- tention to export to Cuba a total of 1,070 met- ric tons of frozen tuna between early May and early June 1964. Four tuna vessels were expected to deliver the frozen tuna to Cuba. They are the Akashi Maru, Sakiyoshi Maru No. 21, Zenko Maru, and the Sakiyoshi Maru No. 25. They were to carry 160, 270, 370, and 270 metric tons of tuna, respectively. The firm is reported to have traded intuna with Cuba since 1960. The trade was subse- quently temporarily terminated due to prob- lems involving payment. The existing agree- ment covering the 1,070-ton shipment is re- ported to have been concluded in December 1963. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, May 7, 1964.) HOOK OK OK OK EUROPEAN BIG-EYED TUNA MARKET REPORTED SOFT: The European market for Japanese-caught frozen big-eyed tuna was reported to have softened considerably in late April and early May 1964. The price of big-eyed (which sold to Italy for around US$340-360 a metric ton c.i.f. in February) declined to about $300 a ton. Even at that price, Italian packers were said to be reluctant to purchase big-eyed, but one packer purchased a shipment for $285 a ton c.i.f. Also, Yugoslavia and Czechoslova- kia were not purchasing any big-eyed at that time. The sluggish European big-eyed tuna mar- ket is creating a problem for the Japanese Atlantic tuna fishery. One press report states COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 that the catches of the Japanese tuna vessels (about 160) operating in the Atlantic Ocean are running 40-60 percent big-eyed. Japanese trading firms are said to be seeking big-eyed outlets in northern Europe, but they have not yet made any significant progress. They are also said to be studying the possibility of ship- ping big-eyed back to Japan, but since the transportation cost would run up to around $63 a ton, they hope to dispose of their big- eyed tuna supply in Europe. In an effort to overcome the depressed big- eyed tuna market in Europe, one Japanese trading firm is seeking an outlet for that spe- cies in West Germany. The Japanese firm's market survey indicated good possibilities of developing a tuna market in West Germany, not only for big-eyed but for other species of tuna in less than fair marketable condition. A report from the Japan External Trade Organi- zation (JETRO) representative stationed in that country also indicates that West German fish packers, faced witha supply shortage, want: to buy Japanese tuna, regardless of quality, provided the price is acceptable. The report stated that German packers hope to process the lower grade tuna into smoked fish for do- mestic consumption. (Suisancho Nippo, May 11 & 12; Suisan Tsushin, May 8, 1964.) Editor's note: Previous reports indicate that as many as 120 Japanese tuna vessels have operated in the Atlantic Ocean at one time. The 160-vessel figure in this latest re- port, if accurate, is a new high. see wk & *K OK OK OK JAPANESE NEGOTIATE TUNA PRICES WITH U. S, PACKERS IN AMERICAN SAMOA: The Japanese fishermen's associations, fishing companies, and trading firms involved in the American Samoan tuna base operations were reported in mid-April to be negotiating tuna price agreements with the two United States packing firms in American Samoa, As of mid-April, Japanese-caught tuna delivered to American Samoa were quoted at highs of US$260 a short ton for iced round yellowfin tuna and $320 a short ton for icedroundalbacore. The Japan c. &f. export price of frozentuna delivered to the United States as of mid-April was $375 per short ton for gilled-and-gutted yellowfin and $400 per short ton for round al- bacore. (Suisancho Nippo, April 17, 1964, and other sources.) ee 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): JAPANESE FISHERY OFFICIAL'S VIEWS ON AMERICAN SAMOA TUNA BASE: An official of the Japanese Fisheries Agency who visited American Samoa earlier this year has given the following views of his visit to the tuna base there: Japanese tuna vessels delivering tuna to the two United States plants located on Amer- ican Samoa now total about 50. This is in sharp contrast to the time when a fleet of 70 Japanese vessels was delivering tuna to just 1 of the 2 plants. In 1962, the average catch in tons per day was about 3 tons, but is now barely 1.5 tons. According to Japanese fishing captains oper- ating vessels out of American Samoa, they could make out adequately if they could catch an average of two tons of tuna per day. (Suis- ancho Nippo, April 22, 1964.) ok ok ok ok 1964 TUNA MOTHERSHIP REGULATIONS FOR TWO FISHING COMPANIES CHANGED BY GOVERNMENT: The Japanese Government has notified two large Japanese fishing companies of changes made in the existing regulations governing tuna mothership fleet operations. The new regulations, applicable only for the 1964 fish- ing season, will affect their tuna mothership operations as follows: 1. The Yuyo Maru (5,040 gross tons) and Koyo Maru (7,500 gross tons) operated by one of the companies and licensed to fish with 55 and 45 catcher vessels, respectively, in the South Pacific Ocean off the Fiji Islands, must be accompanied by a catcher vessel fleet con- sisting of not less than 50 percent of the total number of catcher vessels authorized to ac- company those motherships. 2. The Nojima Maru (8,800 gross tons) operated by the other fishing company and li- censed to fish with 65 catcher vessels in the South Pacific Oren? off the Tahiti Islands, must be accompanied by a catcher vessel fleet consisting of not less than 60 percent of the total number of catcher vessels author- ized to accompany that mothership. 3. For prevention of sea disasters, every catcher vessel must be equipped with wire- less or radiotelephone so as to be able to Vol. 26, No. 7 maintain close communication with its moth- ership or with other catcher vessels. 4, The Yuyo Maru and Koyo Maru fleets must operate within a radius of 1,000 miles from Suva, Fiji Islands. The Nojima Maru fleet must operate within a radius of 1,000 miles from Papeete, Tahiti Islands. 5. Catcher vessels must operate within close distance of their motherships. 6. Motherships must operate in areas where medical and other supplies, and repair services can be obtained readily from nearby bases (i.e., Suva and Papeete). 7. Fishing operations must be conducted in areas where ocean and weather conditions are relatively good. The new tuna mothership regulations are viewed by the two fishing firms as imposing considerable difficulties on their operations. In previous years the Government had not stipulated the minimum fixed size of the moth- ership fleets, and the regulations requiring one company to contract not less than 50 per- cent, and the other company not less than 60 percent of the number of catcher vessels au- thorized to accompany their motherships are considered very difficult to comply with. (Suisancho Nippo, April 20, 1964.) 2K OK OK OK AC AGREEMENT SIGNED FOR JOINT TUNA VENTURE IN CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: The Japanese trading firm, which hadbeen negotiating with a United States tuna packing firm and a Portuguese firm to establish a joint tuna base in the Cape Verde Islands, recently signed a formal partnership agree- ment with those firms to operate a joint base at Porto Grande, Sao Vicente Island. The base was to become operational in late May 1964. Under the agreement, the Portuguese firm is to provide base facilities, which include a cold-storage plant; the Japanese firm is to supply fishing vessels; and the United States firm carrier vessels. Catches will be trans- shipped to the American firm's tuna plant in Puerto Rico and sold tothe European and Japa- nese markets. The Japanese firm plans to contract three classes (190, 240, and 290 tons) of refrigerated long-line vessels from the Kanagawa Prefectural Tuna Fishermen's Co- July 1964 Japan (Contd.): operative Association and hopes to have at least 10 of them operate regularly out of the Porto Grande base. Base facilities presently include one 700- ton cold-storage plant, the capacity of which will be enlarged to 1,700 tons (an earlier press report cited the figure 3,000 tons) by November; one small fishing vessel repair shop operated by the Portuguese firm; and one warehouse, with another under construc - tion. The Portuguese Government approved the joint venture on the condition that the Japa- nese vessels do not fish within Portuguese territorial waters. Inthe past, the Portuguese Government, which has always viewed with disfavor Japanese fishing operations in the Atlantic Ocean, had refused to permit Japa- nese vessels to use the Cape Verde Islands as a base of operation. (Nihon Suisan Shim- bun, April 24, 1964.) HOOK OK OK OK COMPLETION OF JOINT JAPANESE-BRITISH FIJI ISLANDS TUNA BASE DELAYED: Construction of the joint Japanese-British tuna base at Levuka, Fiji Islands, originally scheduled to be completed in June 1964 was expected to be delayed for about one month due to problems on procurement of materials. Because of the delay the base will not become fully operational until August. The Levuka tuna base is to be managed by a Japanese fisheries cooperative association, with cold-storage facilities to be operated by a joint Anglo-Japanese company. The base has an export quota of 9,000 short tons oftuna. (Suisancho Nippo, April 20, 1964; and other sources, Me OOK OK OK OK JAPANESE SUMMER ALBACORE FISHERY: The 1964 Japanese summer albacore fish- ery, which began in late April 1964, reportedly continued slow as of early May. Indications were that fishing would get even poorer. Fish- ing conditions this year are reported to be entirely different from normal years, with the albacore schools distributed deeper below the surface of the Kuroshio current. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 Some Japanese albacore fishing vessels were said to have switched to skipjack fishing, which was saidtobe relatively steady. Prac- tically all the skipjack catches are being sold to the domestic fresh fish market at prices above 160 yen per kilogram (US$403 a short ton). (Suisan Tsushin, May 4, 1964.) *K OK OK OK OK TUNA PURSE-SEINING EXPERIMENT IN SOUTH PACIFIC UNSUCCESSFUL: The Japanese purse Seiner Kenyo Maru (260 gross tons) spent two months at sea test- fishing for tuna northeast of New Zealand. The vessel (which is equipped with a power block) returned to Yokosuka on May 13, 1964, andre- ported very little success in its test-fishing experiment. The lack of success was attrib- uted to unfamiliarity with the fishing grounds and to the lateness of the season. Fishschools located by that vessel by means of a fish-finder were at depths of 200-300 meters, so the ves- sel was not able to set its net onthem. The vessel did not encouncer any yellowfin or skip- jack tuna. The Japanese fishing company which oper- ates the Kenyo Maru is reported to be planning on sending that vessel to the South Pacific a- gain next year, only earlier in the season. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, May 7, 1964.) sk ok * O&K Kk TUNA MOTHERSHIP DEPARTS FOR TAHITIAN WATERS: The Japanese Nojima Maru (8,800 gross tons) tuna mothership fleet departed for the South Pacific waters off Tahiti on May 10, 1964, from Kobe. Although earlier reported to be encountering some difficulty in signing up catcher vessels, the fishing company op- erating that mothership succeeded in contract- ing for 65 catcher vessels (including 4 scout vessels) to deliver fish to its mothership. (Suisancho Nippo, May 9, 1964.) OK Kk OK TUNA-VESSEL REFUELING AT SEA TO CONTINUE: The Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Associations (NIKKATSUREN) planned again to charter an oil tanker for refueling tuna ves- sels at sea, as it did in 1963. In addition to fuel, the tanker will carry fresh water and food for the tuna vessels receiving fuel. 60 Japan (Contd.): Later NIKKATSUREN chartered the 1,983- ton tanker Tofuku Maru to refuel tuna vessels at sea. The tanker was to have departed Yo- kohama for the eastern Pacific on May 13, 1964. In 1963, NIKKATSUREN had chartered the 1,500-ton tanker Shimmei Maru. That tanker refueled 82 tuna long-line vessels at sea ata Saving estimated to total three million yen (US$8,333) a vessel. The savings resulted from elimination of running time to port to refuel and resultant increase in fishing time. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 13, 1964, and other sources.) 2K OK OK OK OK EXPORTS OF TUNA SPECIALTY PACKS, FY 1963: Japanese tuna specialty packs exported in FY 1963 (April 1963-March 1964) totaled 438,875 cases, according to data compiled by the Japan Tuna Packers Association. This FY 1963 FY 1962 2 » » (Actual Cases) . ... Tuna: With vegetable... . 362, 673 In jelly... ce eece 42,736 In tomato sauce ... 17,976 ECW, iielkiall eis} siinitejeiie 4,613 In specially seasoned sauce 4, 600 In curry sauce 2. «s 2,911 In soy sauce and oil . 1,640 Sandwich spread . . « 976 With sweet & sour pork 750 represents a Slight decrease from FY 1962, when exports totaled slightly over 445,000 eases. (Suisan Tsushin, April 17, 1964.) % OK Xk Ok OK TUNA DELEGATION TO U. S. BEING CONSIDERED: Japan is seriously considering sending to the United States a tuna delegation represent- ing trading firms and packers to survey the United States canned tuna market. The idea of the survey originated with the trading firms, and the packers are reported to be very much in favor of it. An executive session of the Japanese Packers Association was scheduled for April 27, 1964, to discuss the matter. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japanese Exports of Tuna Specialty Packs, FY 1963 ; Vol. 26, No. 7 Reportedly, Japan felt that the stagnant con- dition of the canned tuna sales market in the United States was not a temporary one and may have long-range repercussions. Because of this, Japan felt that it should begin to study and develop measures to cope with the prob- lem. (Suisancho Nippo, April 22, 1964.) KK OK Kk OK CANNED TUNA MARKET TRENDS, APRIL-MAY 1964: Japan offered for sale between December 1963 and March 1964, a total of 670,000 cases of canned tuna in brine for export to the United States.) Of that amount only about 400,000 cases’ were said to have been sold. The Japan Can- ned Tuna Sales Company had about 1.1 million cases of canned white meat tuna in brine in stock, as compared with 570,000 cases at the end of the December 1962-November 1963 business year. The drop in sales of Japanese canned tuna in the United States was attributed mainly to the loss of the competitive position of Japa- nese brands, resulting from the large promo- tional sales conducted by United States tuna packers. Japanese tuna in brine was reported to be selling at prices higher than name-brand American products packed in oil. Japanese trading firms submitted to the ‘packers a request to grant a promotional al- ‘lowance of US$1.00 a case for solid white- meat tuna, 50 cents a casefor solidlight meat tuna, $1.50 a case for chunk white meat tuna, and $1.00 a case for chunk light meat tuna. At a meeting held on April 27, 1964, the packers deliberated on the proposal submitted by the exporters. However, due to conflicting reports submitted by the exporters and by the Japan Export Trade Promotion Organization (JETRO) on the canned tuna market situation in the United States, the packers requested the attendance of a representative from the ex- porters' association. That representative stated to the packers (in reference to the JETRO report) that it is not possible at all to analyze market trends on the basis of one or two reports, that the American products are, in fact, actually selling at prices lower than the Japanese products as had been reported by his group, and that the packers shouldsend a survey party to the United States to study the market situation firsthand. July 1964 Japan (Contd.): Earlier, the packers were greatly in favor of the proposal submitted by the exporters to send a delegation to the United States to study canned tuna market trends, but they later were indifferent to the idea, although a segment of the packers! group still strongly favored do- ing so. The packers had not arrived at any defi- nite conclusion concerning the exporters' proposal to reduce prices and grant promo- tional allowances. They clearly recognize the need for placing Japanese canned tuna in a competitive position with the American products, but claimed that the promotional allowance requested by the exporters is ex- cessive. Asa result of the slump in sales, the canned tuna sale that had been scheduled for April was postponed until mid-May. (Sui- san Tsushin, April 24, 27, & 28; Suisancho Nippo, April 23, 25, & 30, 1964.) 2K OOK OK GK OK TUNA LONG-LINE EXPLORATORY CRUISE AIDS UNITED STATES SHARK STUDY: An observer from the United States Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries boarded the Japanese research vessel Shoyo Maru at Panama on January 3, 1964, for a 2-months' cruise. The vessel was carrying out explor- atory long-line fishing in the eastern tropical Pacific. From Panama, the vessel's cruise track ran to 10° S, latitude, 100° W. longi- tude. From there, 6 long-line stations were run to Manzanillo, Mexico, and from Mexico 8 stations were run to Honolulu, Hawaii. The Japanese research vessel Shoyo Mam. The Shoyo Maru, which does not carry commercial quantities of long-line gear, gen- erally samples fringe areas not fished by Japanese commercial vessels. At the 14sta- tions between Panama and Hawaii, a total of 56 yellowfin tuna averaging 82 pounds each COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 were caught, along with 85 big-eyed tuna aver- aging 125 pounds each, and 98 spearfish aver- aging 72 pounds. Thirteen percent of the catch was damaged by shark bites and a total of 247 sharks representing 7 species were taken. Frozen storage was provided on the Shoyo Maru so that 16 shark specimens could be preserved. On arrival at Honolulu, the shark specimens were Shipped to California for taxonomic study in connection with work ona species list and key to all sharks found in the eastern Pacific. Eyes of sharks, yellowfin, big-eyed, skip- jack, little tuna, and frigate mackerel were preserved for a histological study of the ret- inas. Ok KK OK PRICES PAID FOR FIRST JAPANESE SALMON LANDINGS, MAY 1964: On May 7, 1964, the first significant land- ing (over 2 metric tons) of salmon (mostly chums) caught by a gill-net vessel was re- ported at the Japanese port of Hanasaki, Hok- kaido. The fresh whole salmon sold (for the domestic trade) at the following prices: Chum (A quality " (Bg ity Pink (A quality) " (B quality) In comparison, a year earlier on the same day (when market was somewhat stabilized due to large landings), A-quality fresh round chum sold for 325 yen a kilogram (US$0.41 a lb.) and A-quality fresh round pink salmon 212 yen a kilogram ($0.267 alb.). (Hokkai Suisan, May 11, 1964.) shee oi 8k 5K Kk SALMON PRICES NEGOTIATED WITH VESSEL OWNERS: In April, the Japan Federation of Salmon Fishermen's Associations (NIKKEIREN) was negotiating 1964 salmon prices with the Japa- [Species | 1964 Asking Price US¢/Lb. 27.1 1963 Price US¢/Lb. 25.6 13.9 11.2 15.2 15.2 16.4 13.2 18.2 18.2 62 Japan (Contd.): nese companies operating salmon mother- ships. NIKKEIREN planned to ask for a 10 percent increase in salmon prices as shown in table. The mothership companies, however, were planning to ask for a reduction of 10 percent from last year's salmon prices. (Suisan Tsu- shin, April 22, 1964.) Ok kk OK SALMON FISHERY QUOTA ALLOTMENT AND FLEET COMPOSITION: The 1964 allocation of the 55,000-metric- ton salmon catch quotas for Areas A (north of 45° N. latitude) and B (south of 45° N, lati- tude) in the North Pacific was announced by the Japanese Fisheries Agency on May 9, 1964: Area Fishery Share of Quota Metric Tons) Percent 44,665 81.211 10, 335 18.79 A Mothership-type fishery " Land-based gill-net fishery BB Land-based gill-net fishery u! Wy ""__long-line fishe "small-vessel fishery... W apan Sea gill-net fishery " " eee © © © 8 8 The salmon mothership fleet for 1964 to- tals 11 motherships and 369 catcher vessels, the same as in 1963. The land-based gill- net fleet numbers 333 vessels. They consist of 293 vessels over 30 gross tons licensed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and 40 vessels over 5 tons but under 30 tons li- censed by the prefectural government. The land-based long-line fleet consists of 369 ves- sels, 176 operating out of Japan proper and 193 based in Hokkaido. The small vessel salmon fleet consists of vessels under five gross tons and are estimated to total 1,200 ‘vessels. Licenses are not required for their operation. The Japan Sea pink salmon gill- net fleet is restricted to 95 vessels in 1964. However, only 76 are reported to be actually engaged in fishing this year. The salmon motherships were scheduled to depart for the fishing grounds on May 15 from Hokkaido ports. The fishery in Area B commenced on April 30 for vessels operating out of Japan proper and May 2 for vessels based in Hokkaido. The Japan Sea pink salm- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 on fishery commenced in early spring. (Suis- ancho Nippo, May 1 & 11, 1964, and other SOuReeaner 2 OOK OK OK OK SALMON NEGOTIATION WITH U.S.S.R. CONCLUDED: On April 22, 1964, Japan and the Soviet Union informally agreed on the 1964 North Pacific salmon catch quota of 110,000 metric tons for Japan, the quota to be equally divided between Area A and AreaB. This is the lowest catch quota established in eight years. For- mal ratification of the agreement was sched- uled for April 27. On April 18, Japan and the Soviet Union reached an informal agreement on the follow- ing points: 1. Japan to autonomously regulate the catch of salmon in Area B according to type of fishery (e.g., long-line, gill-net) and to notify the Soviet Union of the estimated salm- on catch of Japanese vessels operating in Area B. 2, Japan to voluntarily regulate the catch of red salmon in Area A, restricting the total catch to 7,750,000 fish. Of this quantity, Ja- pan to limit the catch in the area west of 165° E. longitude and north of 48° N. latitude to 2.5 million fish. 3. Japan to operate two salmon mother - ships in the adjustment area north of the Ko- mandorskie Islands, as in 1963. 4. The Soviet Union to permit Japanese scientists to visit the Okhotsk Sea area and the northern West Kamchatka area. (Rafu Shimpo, April 25; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, April 21, 1964.) KK KOK JAPANESE VIEW ON CANADIAN CANNED | PINK SALMON MARKET TRENDS: According to information from sources connected with Japanese trading firms, Ca- nadian holdings of canned pink salmon have been reduced from 540,000 cases carried over from 1963 to 362,500 cases as of April 30, 1964, The reduction of inventory was attrib- uted to improved market conditions in Canada. The quality of the canned pink salmon stocks in Canada at that time was said to be suitable for either domestic consumption or for export. July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 Japan (Contd.): The supply was expected to be exhausted by the end of June. The increased production of canned pink salmon in Canada during the past three years is reported to have resulted in the develop- ment of a buyer'smarket. For 1964, however, Japanese sources foresee a decline in Cana- dian pink salmon production, which may well lead to a seller's market. Therefore, Japa- nese traders, who foresee a good pink salm- on export market this year, are reportedtobe hopeful of raising the export price of the 1964 pack substantially above the existing Japan f.o.b. price of $10.30 a case. (Suisancho Nip- po, May 4, 1964, KK ok ok ok BOTTOMFISH MOTHERSHIP OPERATIONS IN BERING SEA: The Japanese mothership Soyo Maru (11,192 gross tons), accompanied by 28 trawlers, left Yokohama May 10, 1964, for the Eastern Ber- ing Sea. The mothership Itsukushima Maru (5,871 gross tons), accompanied by 12 trawl- ers and six long-line vessels, was scheduled to leave Hakodate May 19. Three Japanese mothership fleets were on their way to the Eastern Bering Sea fishing grounds in early May: the stern trawler Taiyo Maru No. 82 (2,890 gross tons), accompanied by one small side trawler, left Hakodate May 1; the Seifu Maru (8,269 gross tons) fleet (17 trawlers and 11 long-liners) left Yokohama on May 2; and the Shikishima Maru (10,144 gross tons) fleet (24 trawlers) left Hakodate May 3. The 700-ton mothership Fuji Maru special- ly chartered to fish for halibut in Area 3B North Triangle was scheduled to return to Japan in late May. The mothership's five long-line vessels are to be assigned to the Seifu Maru fleet. (Suisan Tsushin, May 4, 7, and 11, 1964.) BERING SEA VESSEL DEPARTURES: The two 3,500-ton stern trawlers under construction for a Japanese fishing company were scheduled to be dispatched to the east- ern Bering Sea in mid-July and late August. The departure of that company's Chichibu Maru No. 2 (1,693 gross tons) fleet, original- ly scheduled for early May, was postponed until late June or early July. Other Japanese motherships scheduled to depart for the eastern Bering Sea in May were: the Seifu Maru (8,269 gross tons) accompa- nied by 28 catcher vessels, departing Japan on May 2, and the Itsukushima Maru (5,871 gross tons) accompanied by 9 trawlers and 9 long-liners, departing Hakodate, Japan, about May 15. (Suisan Tsushin, April 17 and 18, 1964.) OK OK OK OK SHRIMP FISHERY IN BERING SEA: A large Japanese fishing company's shrimp factoryship Chichibu Maru (7,420 gross tons) has been fishing for shrimp in the Eastern Bering Sea with 12 trawlers. The factoryship had processed about 4,500 metric tons of shrimp as of early May 1964. Due to engine trouble, she was expected to return to Japan around May 20 for repairs, after which she will again depart for the Bering Sea shrimp grounds in August. (Suisancho Nippo, May 7, 1964.) Ok ok JAPANESE ATLANTIC TRAWL FLEET: By December 1964, 18 newly constructed Japanese trawlers are expected to be placed in operation in the Atlantic Ocean. This will enlarge the size of the Japanese Atlantic trawl fleet from 35 trawlers in operation as of March 31, 1964, to 53 vessels. Of the 18 trawlers, 13 are vessels newly licensed by the Fisheries Agency in November 1963 to engage in the eastern Atlantic Ocean trawl fishery. Seven of the 13 trawlers (one 190-ton, five 299-ton, and one 2,500-ton ves- sels) were scheduled to be completed by June 1964, and 6 (one 290-ton, one 1,500-ton, one 2,530-ton, one 2,800-ton, and two 3,000-ton vessels) by October 1964. The remaining 5 trawlers are those previ- ously licensed for construction by the Agency. They include one 1,500-ton, two 2,800-ton, and 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Japan (Contd.): trawlers in the North Atlantic in the near fu- ture. (Minato Shimbun, May 5; Nihon Keizai two 3,400-ton trawlers. They were expected Shimbun, May 1, 1964.) to be completed some time'between May-De- A fot oe cember 1964. FREEZERSHIP DEPARTS FOR In view of the high cost of constructing the | LAS PALMAS TO PROCESS BOTTOMFISH: trawlers, which may require 5 years to write The Japanese freezership Hoyo Maru (form- off, some circles in the Japanese fishery are | erly the Renshin Maru 6,800 gross tons) was said to be entertaining doubts that the trawl- | scheduled to depart Shimonoseki, Japan, on ers entering the Atlantic fishery can operate |May 15, 1964, for Las Palmas, Canary Islands. profitably. They hold the view that vessel The vessel, formerly operated by a Japanese owners entering the trawl fishery must bear | fishing firm under the name of Fuji Maru, was in mind -that, despite reports of good pros- remodeled and put to a test run off Japan early pects of developing markets for trawl-caught | this year by another Japanese fishing firm. fish, catches in the principal trawling grounds | - off Las Palmas are declining and thatthe com- ; position of the catches has changed. (Suisan- cho Nippo, May 4, 1964.) Editor's note: In November 1963, the fol- lowing 13 classes of trawlers were licensed for operation off West Africa: 3,500-, 3,000- 2,800-, 2,500-, 2,000-, 1,500-, and 500-ton-- one each; 299-tons--six. Thus, 2 of the 13 trawlers under construction during mid-year 1964 (one of 2,500 tons and the 190-ton trawl- er) do not ''fit'’ the licensing requirements. or Hore The Hoyo Maru was expected to arrive at Las Palmas in late June, where it will beused CONISTON Coe gs = for about one year to freeze and process bot- NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES: tomfish, such as sea bream, squid, and octo- pus, to be purchased from about 40 local fish- ing vessels under an agreement concluded this past April between the Japanese firm oper- ating the vessel and a Spanish firm. The freez- ership is expected to process in one year a total of 10,000 metric tons of fish, which will be exported to such countries as Spain, Italy, and Denmark, as well as shipped back to Ja- The Japanese Government has for some time been studying the possibility of becom- ing a member of the International Commis - sion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. She was reported to be planning on sending as observers to the Commission's annual meeting (scheduled for Hamburg, Germany, June 1, 1964) the former Fisheries Agency investigation official; the First Secretary, pan Japanese Embassy, London; the chief, trawl A similar arrangement was concluded in fishing department, of one of Japan's largest | the summer of 1963 between another Japanese fishing companies; and one other person. firm and another Spanish fishing firm located in Las Palmas. That same Japanese firm has This move was being interpreted in Japan |a five-year contract to purchase annually from as a preliminary but positive step taken by the Spanish firm 6,000 metric tons of squid, the Japanese Government preparatory to join-'|Sea bream, and octopus. (Suisan Tsushin, May ing the Commission. As of May 1964, trawl- | 2, 1964, and other sources. ers licensed by the Japanese Government to operate in the North Atlantic were the Aoi 28 78 Ok ok Maru No. 2 (1,130 gross tons) and the Tenyo Maru No. 3 (3,700 gross tons). The latter LARGE STERN TRAWLERS COMPLETED: trawler is fishing with two 300-ton trawlers Two stern trawlers--Akebono Maru Nos. (Chuyo Maru and Eiyo Maru). In addition, 71 & 72 (each of 3,500 gross tons) --under several large Japanese companies are re- Construction at Hakodate were expected to be ported as planning to operate large stern completed in June and July, respectively, one July 1964 Japan (Contd.): month earlier than originally scheduled. Up- on completion, they were to be dispatched to the North Pacific and Bering Sea. One large Japanese fishery firm built both vessels. The Akebono Maru No. 71 replaces the 1,500-ton stern trawler Akebono Maru No. 52 which has been operating in the eastern Bering Sea. The Akebono Maru No. 72 is expected to replace the 1,500-ton stern trawler Akebono Maru No. pole operating in the Gulf of Alaska. Japanese stern-trawler Akebono Maru No. 51. Another firm's new stern trawler, Daishin Maru No. 15 (1,500 gross tons), was sched- uled for launching on May 8 at the Osaka Ship- yards, with final completioninlate June. That stern trawler was scheduled to be sent to the Gulf of Alaska on her maiden trip. (Suisan- cho Nippo, May 2 and 12, 1964.) ok ok ok ok STERN TRAWLER COMPLETED FOR BERING SEA OPERATIONS: A large Japanese fishing company accepted delivery of its new 2,800-ton sterntrawler Taiyo Maru No. 82 on April 15, 1964. Built at a total cost of 800 million yen (US$2.2 mil- lion), the vessel has the following specifica- tions: length--82 meters (269 feet); beam-- 14 meters (50 feet); depth--9.2 meters (30 feet); engine--3,150 hp.; speed--12 knots; freezing capacity--45 metric tons per day. The new stern trawler was to depart for the Eastern Bering Sea on April 24, 1964, ac- companied by the 360-ton trawler Taiyo Maru Maru No. 16. (Nihon Shimbun, April 22; Minato —__ Shimbun, April 23, 1964.) sk ok 7 OF 7 OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 TWO NEW STERN TRAWLERS SENT TO WEST AFRICAN FISHING GROUNDS: Two new small stern trawlers were sched- uled to depart from Japan for fishing grounds off West Africa on May 1, 1964. The new ves- sels are the 314-ton sister trawlers Kyoshin Maru Nos. 51 and 52. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, April 22, 1964.) LARGE STERN TRAWLER COMPLETED FOR RUMANIA: Construction of the second of two large stern trawlers ordered by Rumania was com- pleted at a Japanese shipyard in mid-April 1964. Called the Galati, the trawler (3,631 gross tons) carries two 20-ton portable ves- sels, and is equipped with a fish-meal proc- essing unit and fish-filleting equipment. Total construction cost was 1,008.0 million yen (US$2.8 million). (Minato Shimbun, April 23, 1964.) WOK OK XK OK VESSEL CONSTRUCTION, MAY 4, 1964: On May 4, 1964, the Japanese Fisheries Agency issued permits for the construction of 22 fishing vessels: 9 wooden vessels (totaling 160 gross tons) and 13 steel vessels (totaling 2,394 gross tons). Included were permits for 9 steel tuna vessels: two 111-ton, two 192- ton, four 253-ton, and one 375-ton long-liners. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 8, 1964.) 1 OK OK OK OK NATIONAL PROGRAM TO PROMOTE FROZEN FISH SALES ESTABLISHED: meeting to formalize plans for promoting the consumption of frozen fishery products in Japan was scheduled for April 23, 1964, by the Director of the Japanese Fisheries Agency with the heads of six major Japanese fishing firms and the Japan National Federation of Fisher- men's Cooperative Associations. Plans were that the program will be funded with a total capital of 40 million yen (US$111,000), one- half to be financed by the industry and one- half to be subsidized by the Government. Gov- ernment funds for the program have already been appropriated in the fiscal year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965) budget. The proposed plans of the frozen fish pro- motion are: 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Japan (Contd.): 1. Purpose: The purpose of the program is to promote the sale of good-quality frozen fishery products to consumers at the retail level in an effort to create greater demands for those products. The mass media shallbe utilized for promotional purposes. 2, Methods of Promotion and Sale: Ad- vertising media, such as radio, television, and newspapers, as well as food exhibits, shall be utilized to introduce good methods of preparing frozen fishery products. -Over 20 frozen fish retail stores shall be established in Tokyo to sell frozen fish products of im- proved quality. 3. Management Organization: The man- agement organization, to be tentatively named the Frozen Fish Products Association, shall be formed by the organizations connected with the frozen fish industry. They shall include the Japan National Federation of Fishermen's Cooperative Associations (ZENGYOREN) and six fishery firms. The Association shall be chartered as a corporation qualifying for government subsidy and shall conduct the fol- lowing activities: (a) Publicity by means of advertising in newspapers, magazines, radio, and television; poster and pamphlet distribu- tion, preparation and presentation of film slides; and presentation of food exhibits and cooking classes. (b) Quality im- provement program to improve the image of frozen fish. For that purpose, quality and size standards, and a uniform label- ing system for frozen products shall be established. The newly formed Frozen Fish Products Association shall have a staff of 1 managing director, 1 executive director, 7 directors, 2 secretaries, and 3 staff personnel. 4. Frozen Fish Retail Stores: Frozen fish retail stores shall be established to ac- quaint the consumer with the advantages of buying and using frozen fish as follows: (a) Member firms of the Association shall establish in Tokyo at least 20 re- tail stores displaying frozen fishery prod- ucts. They shall provide guidance to store operators on how to stock and sell frozen fish products. (b) The selection of sites for the frozen fish stores, prod- uct quality, price adjustments, and other matters requiring adjustment among the shop operators shall be handled by the existing Frozen Foods Promotion Associ- ation. (c) In view of the seasonal nature of fish supply, turnover of products, and space consideration for display cases, a- bout 20 varieties of frozen fish products shall be placed on sale. All products shall bear standard labels showing that they con- form to prescribed quality standards. Re- tail prices shall be fixed for all specified products and retailers shall conform to those prices as much as possible. 5. Frozen Foods Promotion Association: The existing organization (a corporation formed by four major frozen food producers) shall be expanded by soliciting for member- ship other producers in related industries, such as the frozen fish, electric appliance, ‘and the food wrapper manufacturing industries. The Association shall perform adjustment services (on matters related to selection of shop locations, quality and price determina- tion for products) and assist in obtaining busi- ness capital. The Association shall have on its office staff 1 full-time worker and 3mem- bers associated with the Frozen Fish Prod- ucts Association. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, April 17 & 22, 1964.) Me OK OK 3K 3K FISH SAUSAGE PRODUCTION, FISCAL YEAR 1963: Data compiled by the Japan Fish Sausage Association show that a total of 130,206 met- ric tons of fish sausage and fish ham were produced in Fiscal Year 1963 (April 1963- March 1964). This represents a 14-percent increase over Fiscal Year 1962, when produc- tion totaled 114,125 metric tons. Production of fish sausage totaled 98,444 tons, represent- ing a 28-percent increase over 1962 produc- tion of 76,832 tons, and production of fish ham sausage totaled 31,762 tons, Showing a 15-per- cent decrease from the 37,293 tons produced in 1962. The increase in fish sausage produc- tion is attributed to improved methods of proc- essing and marketing, the low price maintain- ed for that product compared with the rising prices of beef and pork sausages and other food products, and increased consumption of fish sausage in farming and fishing commun- ities. (Suisancho Nippo, May 1, 1964.) les! skh sk ok kook ok ook ok July 1964 Japan (Contd.): SOUTH AFRICAN FISH MEAL TO BE IMPORTED BY JAPAN: The Japanese Fisheries Agency, after studying the request submitted by the Live- stock Bureau, is reported to have approved the importation of 25,000 metric tons of South African fish meal in fiscal year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965). The South African fish meal is reported to have been contracted at a price of 54,142 yen (US$150) a metric ton. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 13, 1964.) Editor's note: The press report did not state whether the price is f.o.b. or c.i.f. *k OK ok Ok OK US$1 MILLION FOR SOUTH KOREAN IMPORTS ALLOTTED BY JAPAN: . The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) was expected to formally approve a foreign fund allocation of US$1 million for the importation of South Ko- rean fishery products in fiscal year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965). Japanese pro- ducers and exporters had requested an allo- cation of US$1.8 million and the MITI had recommended US$1.3 million, the same as in fiscal year 1963. However, the Fisheries Agency had held firmly to an allocation of US$1 million on grounds that it would not yet be advisable to liberalize imports from Ko- rea since the Japan-Republic of Korea fish- eries negotiation had not yet been concluded. The Agency also held that the 1963 allotment included a special appropriation of US$300,000, and it would not at all be possible to predict whether a special need such as that which arose in 1963 would arise again in 1964, (Suisancho Nippo, May 7, 1964.) se xe Je 3h SE EES ES JAPANESE-CANADIAN TALKS ON FISHING LIMITS PLANNED: A Japanese delegation was scheduled to arrive in Canada May 1, 1964, to conduct pre- liminary discussions with Canadian Govern- ment officials regarding Canada's proposal to enact unilaterally a 12-mile fishing limit based on the straight base-line concept. The Japanese delegation was said to consist of an official from the Japanese Fisheries Agency, an industry representative, and a counselor from the Japanese Embassy inOttawa. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, April 24, 1964.) eK OK ok ok COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 KELP FISHERY AGREEMENT WITH SOVIET UNION: An agreement was formally signed in Mos- cow on April 29, 1964, between Japan and the Soviet Union to extend for a one-year period the Japan-U.S.S.R. private kelp fishery agree- ment originally concluded on June 10, 1963. Representing Japan at the kelp negotiation was the President of the Japan Fisheries Society. The U.S.S.R. was represented by the Soviet Fisheries Minister. The kelp agreement, concluded ona private basis between the Japan Fisheries Society and the Soviet State Fisheries Commission, per- mits up to 300 Japanese fishing boats to har- vest kelp in approximately a 4.5-square-mile area off the Shigunarinui Island in the Nemuro Strait, northeast of Hokkaido. As in 1963, the Japan Fisheries Society will pay the Soviet Union a kelp harvesting fee of 12,000 yen (US$33.34) per boat. Opening date for the kelp harvesting season was advanced from June 10 to June 1. Closing date is September 30, asin 1963. The 1964 kelp production is expected to total about 1,800 metric tons. The 1963 har- vest totaled 1,200 tons. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, May 1; Suisancho Nippo, April 30, 1964.) & SIGNS 50-YEAR FISHERIES TREATY WITH SPAIN: Three treaties, one of which is on the fish- eries, were Signed by Mauritania and Spain at the capital city of Nouakchott on February 14, 1964. In the fisheries treaty, Spain agrees to construct and operate fish-processing plants at Port-Etienne in Mauritania, in return for the right for Spanish fishermen to fish Mauri- tanian waters on the same basis as that coun- try's nationals. Mauritania The 50-year fisheries treaty is potential- ly of great importance to the development of Mauritania's major natural resources. It at- tempts to regulate the difficulties that have arisen between Spain and Mauritania since the latter's independence over the traditional use of Mauritanian territorial waters by Canary Islands-based Spanish fishermen. It gives Spain the right to fish in Mauritanian waters under the same conditions as Mauritanian na- tionals, in return for sizable Spanish invest~- ments in fish-processing facilities at Port- Etienne, and the right of free repatriation of profits from such industries. 68 Mauritania (Contd.): In the treaty, Spain specifically guarantees: (1) to build and operate a salting and drying plant within 18 months with an annual capacity of 6,000 metric tons; and within 24 months, a cannery with an annual capacity of 3,000 tons; and a fish-meal factory capable of treating 100 tons of fresh fish daily; (2) to document 20 to 50 Spanish fishing vessels under Mauri- tanian registry, subject to Mauritanian laws; (3) for Spanish vessels fishing Mauritanian waters, to pay an annual royalty of US$10 a gross ton; and (4) train Mauritanian commer- cial fishermen in Spanish schools and as crewmen aboard Spanish vessels fishing Mauritanian waters. In addition to permitting the use of Mauri- tanian waters and repatriation of profits, Mauritania agrees to: (1) grant Spanish fish- eries enterprises most-favored-nation ad- ministrative, customs, and tax treatment; (2) make available the necessary construction sites for the projected industrial establish- ments; and (3) reserve to Spanish fishermen the necessary storage space in the projected refrigeration facilities at Port-Etienne for the fish used in 15 days' operations in the canning and fish-meal plants. (United States Embassy, Nouakchott, March 30, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1963 p. 60. POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SHRIMP VESSEL TIE-UP AT MAZATLAN: The decision of Shrimp vessel owners in Mazatlan, Mexico, on May 6, 1964, to halt op- erations of 100 privately owned vessels was believed would result in greatly reduced shrimp catches during the final 2 months of the 1964 fishing season. The shutdown was caused by steadily worsening catches that made fishing unprofitable. Mexico Mazatlan is the principal shrimp port of Mexico with 270 to 300 vessels of the approx- imately 600 operating out of Pacific Coast ports. With a large segment of the Mazatlan shrimp fleet tied up, including many of the best vessels, several packing plants closed down. Although vessels belonging to the co- operatives and some privately owned vessels continued to fish out of Mazatlan for those plants that were still operating, the partial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 tie-up coupled with generally poor fishing was believed would result in very small shrimp landings. That could reduce shrimp shipments to the United States for the remainder of the season to July 15, 1964. The atmosphere for negotiating next year's contract between ves- sel owners and fishermen may also be im- paired. The existing contract between vessel own- ers and the crew members who belong to the several cooperatives was based on the good fishing and high prices that prevailed during the previous season (1962/63). It called for the crew to receive 45 percent of the gross catch and required the crew to pay only for provisions, with the owner paying all other expenses. When the price of shrimp dropped to pre-1963 prices and catches slumped while operating costs remained unchanged, returns dropped below the break-even point, accord- ing to the vessel owners. Some of the cooper- atives were also reported to be overextended and in a poor credit position. Tension was re- ported between the cooperatives and vessel owners all season as the fishermen scouted all available shrimp grounds from south of San Blas, Nayarit, to the outer coast of Baja California, and fishermen from Topolobampo in northern Sinaloa reportedly penetrated into the Mazatlan fleet's traditional areas. Because of this year's poor results, a num- ber of Mexican shrimp vessels have left to work new grounds off French Guiana. Other owners are ready to send their vessels to French Guiana, and reportedly over 500 fish- ermen including highline skippers have ap- plied to go with them. The 12 vessels being built at Mazatlan for export to Kuwait will re- quire 36 officers and crewmen, and the ship- yard building the vessels reports hundreds" of applications. A feeling of pessimism per- vaded the Mazatlan shrimp fishery. (United States Embassy, Mexico, May 18, 1964.) Morocco FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1964: The first quarter is traditionally the slack season for the Moroccan fishing fleet. This year bad weather prevented the start of the sardine fishing season at Safi at the usual time, and it was not expected that the catch would reach important proportions until the end of April. Farther south at Agadir, the July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 Morocco (Contd.): local vessels with limited range had still not found sardines in commercially important quantities by mid-April 1964. The past two years have seen strenuous objections by French fishermen against the arrival of frozen Moroccan sardines on the French market during the peak of the French fishing season. As a result, the French and Moroccan Governments have agreed to sus- pend exports of Moroccan frozen sardines to France during the summer. The late start in the Moroccan sardine fishery may, therefore, result in important reductions in sales. The possibility of expanding the Moroccan tuna catch has continued to attract attention. A team of consultants from the United States Agency for International Development had previously recommended a careful explora- tion of offshore tuna fishing grounds using a modern fishing vessel. For various financial and technical reasons, United States vessels were not suitable for the project, so a French vessel has been chartered to carry out a one- year study of the tuna potential off Morocco. (United States Embassy, Rabat, April 24, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 65. TANGIER FISH MARKET SALES, 1963: In 1963, the Tangier Fish Mart received 1,000 tons of tuna (includes a small quantity of bonito, mackerel, and swordfish) from the fishery in the Cape Spartel region. Of that total, 738 tons were immediately sold while 262 tons were exported, The Tangier Fish Mart in 1963 also re- ceived 2,378 tons of fish other than tuna (1,468 tons from the inshore net and small-boat fish- ery and 910 tons from the coastalfishery) and 71 tons of shellfish. Most of those receipts were immediately sold and only a small quan- tity was used for canning or freezing. The Tangier Fish Mart makes no distinc- tion between fish landed at Tangier and fish trucked infrom Alhoceimaor Larache. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Rabat, April 3, 1964.) Netherlands MARINE OIL INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1963, AND ANTARCTIC WHALING RESULTS, 1963/64 SEASON: Marine Oil Industry Trends, 1963: In cal- endar year 1963, the Netherlands imported 95,500 metric tons of fish oil, including 26,456 tons of whale oil. Netherlands use of fishoil in edible products during 1963 amounted to about 82,500 tons compared with similar use of about 47,500 tons of soybean oil, 43,300 tons of palm oil, and 30,000 tons of coconut oil. (United States Embassy, The Hague, April 27, 1964.) Antarctic Whaling Results, 1963/64 Season: The Netherlands Whaling Company announced that the Dutch whaling expedition caught 343 international blue-whale units during the 1963/64 Antarctic whaling season, which was 257 units short of its quota of 600 units per- Netherlands Whaling Company Production in Antarctic, él f WRU Ra eet OL B251909/ 64! eye Ne 1963/64 [ieee rr [ 1962/63 | 1961/62 Frozen meat Meat for Japanese refrigerator 1/Preliminary, mitted under the International Whaling Agree- ment. (United States Consulate, Amsterdam, April 27, 1964.) aa + se ok eis oe NEW TRAWLER "TINIE CORNELIA": The dual-purpose trawler Tinie Cornelia was recently completed by a Dutch shipyard in Breskens. The vessel can be used as a stern trawler, or as a double-rig beam trawl- er. When twin-beam trawling, the two der- ricks on the vessel are topped up and the warps rove through the sheaves on each end. When stern trawling with a standard-type trawl, how- ever, the derricks are lowered on to the strong back aft and the sheaves are used as towing blocks. The derricks have been arranged in sucha way that the risk of capsizing should the trawl come fast is minimized. The principal dimensions of the Tinie Cor- nelia are: length overall 21.2 meters (69.5 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Netherlands (Contd.): feet), breadth 5.6 meters (18.4 feet), and depth 2.6 meters (8.5 feet). The vessel's re- frigerated fishroom has a capacity of 47 cubic meters (61.47 cubic yards), and accommoda- tions are provided for a crew of 7. The vessel is driven by a 380-horsepower Diesel engine, and is equipped with electro- hydraulic steering gear. The winch is situ- ated well forward beneath the wheelhouse, and can be controlled from the bridge. Elec- tronic fish-finding and navigational equipment are also provided. (World Fishing, April 1964.) Norway EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, JANUARY 1-FEBRUARY 22, 1964: Norway's total exports of canned fish in January 1-February 22, 1964, were up 12.5 percent from those in the same period of 1963. Shipments of canned brisling were up 15.5 per- cent and of canned small sild up 12.8 percent. Other Norwegian canned fishery products were also exported in greater quantity in early 1964. Norwegian Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-February 22, 1963-1964 - « - (Metric Tons)... 948 821 Small sild 1,733 Kippered herring 438 Soft herring roe 38 14 Sild delicatessen 72 65 Other canned fish 282 320 Shellfish 260 188 1/Preliminary. The Norwegian winter herring fishery in 1964 yielded a better catch than in the previ- ous year and by March 14, 1964, the Norwe- gian kippered herring canned pack amounted to 206,524 standard cases compared with only 70,862 cases in the same period of 1963. Norwegian production of canned soft her- ring roe also increased considerably inearly 1964 and by mid-March amounted to 16,078 cases of 3 ovals and 28,276 cases of + oblong cans as compared to 5,757 cases of $ oval and 15,968 cases of g oblongs in the same pe- Vol. 26, No. 7 riod of the previous year. (Norwegian Can- ners Export Journal, April 1964.) OK ok kk NORWEGIAN STERN-FISHING FACTORY TRAWLER LANDS FROZEN PROCESSED CATCH IN ENGLAND: The Norwegian factory trawler Longva completed its fourth fishing trip when it ar- rived in Grimsby, England, March 31, 1964, with a capacity load of 400 tons of frozen fillets (mainly skin-on cod fillets in 10-pound blocks). The owners of the 1,092-gross-ton vessel have contracted to deliver the vessel's catch in 1964 to a Britishdistributor of frozen fish- ery products. The 400 tons of fillets deliver - ed in March were processed aboard the Long- va from a catchofabout 14,000 kits (1,960,000 pounds) taken during a 3-months trip in early 1964. (The average catch by a conventional British trawler during a typical 22-day trip is said to amount to about 2,000 kits, or only 280,000 pounds.) With an overall length of 208 feet, the Long- va is only about 30 feet longer than the aver- age British deep-water trawler. The Norwe- gian vessel is considerably shorter than Brit- ish factoryships and freezer-trawlers. The Longva has an extremely compact design, and additional space was saved by not installing a fish meal plant. Some waste products are frozen on the vessel for animal food, but of- fal is generally discharged into the sea. The Captain of the Longva said the vessel's operations in early 1964 hadincluded 2 weeks of fishing off the west coast of Greenland where the temperature was below -25° C. (-13° F). The Longva can operate in extreme’ weather conditions because all fish handling is done be- low deck. When the cod end approaches the vessel during net hauling, it is taken up until suspended from the rear bipod mast. A large steel hatch door then opens beneath it, giving direct access to the rear of the fish-process- ing factory below the fishing deck. During the brief period the hatch is open, the cod end is opened and the catch--about three tons, on average--is discharged directly into pounds below deck. In the air-conditioned and heated fish factory, fish can be fully processed and delivered to cold storage within two hours after landing. Fish processing equipment on the vessel includes heading, filleting, and skinning machines which can be geared to process up to 20 tons of fillets a day. July 1964 Norway (Contd.): The Longva was built in late 1962 at Aale- sund, Norway. (Fish Trades Gazette, April 11, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 66. * KKK OK SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION OF MARINE OILS, 1963 WITH COMPARISONS: In 1963, Norwegian production of marine oils (table 1) was 34 percent below that inthe previous year due to a Sharp decline in the yield from the 1962/63 whaling season in the Antarctic. Norwegian production of marine oils in 1964 was expected to continue at about the same level as in 1963. Table 1 - Norwegian Production of Marine Oils, 1962-1963, and Forecast for 1964 - » e « (Metric Tons). . ee Cold-cleared cod-liver oil. 5,500 Sater Gaivercils’. ..., | 20200 } s 1,000 Hemungioilys sete! rei: «ols 60, 000 60, 000 61,000 Total fish and fish-liveroils| 70,000 70, 200 67,500 Sperm oil: Antarctic 8,500| 7,378] 12,020 Shore stations (Norwa’ 80 916 687 0 Total spermoil..... | 9,300| 8,294] 12,707 Whale oil: Antarctic ........ | 34,000] 31,423| 985,015 Shore stations (Norway) . 500 209 847 Total whale oil. .... | 34,500] 31,632 | 85,862 [Total marine oils...» [116,300] 112, 126 | 168, 869 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. The decline in Norwegian whale oil pro- duction in 1963 was only partly offset by heavier imports (tables 2and 4). As a result, the Norwegian supply of crude whale andher- ring oil during 1963 was down 10 percent from the previous year, even though there were substantial stocks on hand January 1, 1963, Norwegian exports of unrefined marine- animal oils (table 5) were down sharply in 1963 due mainly to smaller shipments of whale oil. The decline affected all the im- portant unrefined marine oils exported by Norway except fish-liver oil. (In 1963, the leading buyers of Norwegian fish liver oil-- other than medicinal cod-liver oil--were Czechoslovakia with 2,993 metric tons, West Germany with 1,945 tons, Sweden with 1,837 tons, Italy with 1,830 tons, and Denmark with COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (a Table 2 - Norwegian Supply and Disposition of Crude Whale and Herring Oil, 1961-1963, and Forecast for 1964 Forecast] 1 2 It 1963 1962 as i964 | = sce © « (Metric Tons)\ 5. < © «. susss Supply: Stocks, January 1... | 60,129] 71,336] 54,163] 67,929 Production: Whale oil, ..... | 34,224 31,632] 85,864] 114,715 Herring oil ..... | 60,000| 60,000] 61,000} 59,000 Total production . 94,224) 91,632) 146, 864 | 173,715 Imports: Whale Olle eiwetee Herring oil ... 6. Total imports Total supply Disposition: Exports: Whale oil «2.2. Herring oil .. 1,674 79 - | 53,278] 51,858| 33,677 33,756 Processed by hardening industey3 1/Preliminary. 2/ Revised. 3/Data computed by deducting year-end stocks and exports from total supply; the export figures are complete but the year- end stocks may include oil not included in the reported sup- ply. Table 3 - Norwegian Supply and Disposition of Hardened Fats and Oils from Fish and Marine Animals, 1961-1963 Item 3 ee © » (Metric Tons)ie oF se Supply: Stocks, January 1... 7, 803 13, 325 Production... «eee 136,536 113,179 105,968 Imports: Edible sieitSeds)s) s] 2 2,012 1,125 372 Inedible . 2.2 eeee - 47 13 [Total impos... | 2,012 | 1,172 _| 146,778 | 122,154 | 119,678 Disposition: Exports: Edible. cs "se ec e © Inedible .. eee 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. 3/The main consumer is the margarine industry; estimated con- sumption outside the margarine industry is only about 1, 200 metric tons, 1,253 tons. Norwegian exports of medicinal cod-liver oil in 1963 amounted to 2,158 tons and the United States was the leading buyer with 500 tons.) In 1963, Norwegian production of hardened fats and oils from fish and marine-animal oils (table 3) was up considerably from the previ- ous year. Exports absorbed the increase, 72 Norway (Contd.): Table 4 - eNommegion Imports of Selected Marine Oils, 1963 Whale Oil, Crude: Netherlands ... . United Kingdom Iceland . 2... Japan . | Other countries . . 1,714 __| 15,537 [2,173 Sperm ae PaCS 556 1,014 142 464 849 119 Oil, Crude: [aoe [88 [at Denmark. 2. « « « Australia ...e.e Herring Oil, Crude: Iceland 4.2... | West Germany . United States . Reriieweplois a) se Other countries 2 ? ? Cod-Liver Oil: Total all countries. . 1,011 1,312 183 Industrial and Mixed Fish-Liver Oils: Iceland 2 eecece Other countries .. . Residual Fish-Liver Oils: Sweden ...5..20.0. West Germany ... Other countries .. e Other Crude or Refined Fats and Oils from Fish and Marine Animals: West Germany Perm .ecvcecce Other countries .. « able 5 - Norwegian Exports of Unrefined Marine Oils, 1960-1963 Product 1/4963 | 2/1962 1961 1960 since domestic consumption of hardened ma- rine oils by the margarine industry was about the same as in the previous year. There has been a steady drop in the use of marine oils in Norway's production of margarine COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 from 57,170 tons in 1960 to 50,095 tons in 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 89. SHIPYARDS TO BUILD SHRIMP VESSELS FOR KUWAIT: A Norwegian shipbuilding sales organiza- tion has arranged to deliver 8 shrimp-fishing vessels and 1 supply vessel to the Kuwait Na- tional Fishing Company. The terms of the Kr. 20 million (US$2,793,000) contract call for cash upon delivery within one year. The Nor- wegian contractor will build 1 of the 8 trawl- ers. The firm has subcontracted with other Norwegian shipyards to build the other 7 trawl- ers and the supply vessel. (News of Norway, April 30, 1964.) Peru FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: Peruvian fish meal production in January - March 1964 was reported to be 496,000 metric tons, or 58 percent more than the 314,000 tons produced during the first quarter of 1963. Peruvian fish meal exports during the first 3 months of 1964 amounted to 389,000 tons, up only 9.6 percent from the 355,000 tons export- ed in the same period of 1963. Fish meal in- ventories at the end of the first quarter of 1964 were said to total 258,000 tons as com- pared with inventories of 149,000 tons at the end of January-March 1963. (Unpublished sources.) 5 South Africa FISHERIES TRENDS, EARLY 1964: Following are excerpts” from a report in 10, 1964, describing recent developments in the fishing industry of the South Africa Repub- lic (including South-West Africa): Summary: Fishing expectations and early results for 1964 indicate that the pilchard-ma- asbanker shoal fishery may be headed for its Seventh successive record year. While in- shore fishing will produce the bulk of the 1964 catch, there are also interesting developments July 1964 South Africa (Contd.): in deep-sea trawling, tuna fishing, and ex- ploratory fishing. Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery: At Walvis Bay (South-West Africa), where just over 600,000 short tons of pilchards were landed at the jetties of 6 factories in 1963, a fleet of about 70 vessels in early April 1964 was tak- ing fish about 6 to 7 hours sailing from port. Although that was farther away than normal, the trips were repaid by the excellent condi- tion of the fish which yielded 16 to 18 gallons of body oil from each ton caught. Plans called for the completion of 2 new fish meal factories in South-West Africa in June 1964. With the advent of the 2 new fac- tories (1 in Walvis Bay and 1 in Luderitz), the South-West Africa pilchard quota has been raised to 720,000 short tons for 1964 (630,000 tons for Walvis Bay and 90,000 tons for Lude- ritz). The South Africa Republic's Cape West Coast shoal fishery was hampered early in 1964 by the appearance of pilchards farther south than usual. The fish were found in the False Bay and Robben Island areas, which was a boon to the 2 factories at Hout Bay and the 1 at Gansbaai, but unfavorable to the ma- jority of factories located at Saldanha Bay and further north. Vessels from the West Coast had to travel from 50 to well over 100 miles to take their catches. Despite the extended vessel trips, the pilchard-maasbanker catch of the South Africa Republic during the first 2 months of 1964 was 130,640 tons as com- pared with 119,973 tons in the same period of 1963. In the South African Cape West Coast shoal fishery there is no catch limit, but the season lasts only to the end of July. Late in 1963 there were indications that another fish meal factory license might be granted to a group of leading South African fishermen. However, it is believed that some concern over heavy fishing of the pilchard shoals may persuade the South Africa Depart- ment of Commerce and Industries to postpone a decision on the new license, at least during 1964. With indications of an increased catch in both South Africa and South-West Africa, it may be possible to reach the 1964 fish meal production goal of 300,000 short tons. (Edi- tor's Note: That goal equals the 1964 export COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 quota assigned to South Afri¢a by the Fish Meal Exporter's Organization.) More than 75 percent of the anticipated production has been sold in advance at a good price and there are ample markets for the remainder. Once again, canned fish production will be limited and is not likely to exceed 2.5 million cases in 1964, which would be only half the canned fish pack of 5 million cases in 1960. Offshore Trawling: A new company has been formed by South African-Spanish inter - ests to carry out deep-sea trawling opera- tions. Although detailed plans have not been announced, it is expected that the company will operate 4 to 6 large trawlers and estab- lish a freezing and processing plant in South Africa at Saldanha Bay. Another South African company was due to take delivery in May 1964 of the 130-tonstern trawler Sea Horse, the first of several trawl- ers being built for the company by a British shipyard. A third South African company will start taking delivery in 1964 of 7 side trawlers and 2 stern trawlers being built for the company in Aberdeen, Scotland. In addition, a South African shipyard in Durban is completing two new stern trawlers for another South African fishing company which will operate the ves- sels from Port Nolloth. Tuna Fishing: The potential tuna fishery off South Africa is also attracting investment. The former navy corvette Justin has beencon- verted for tuna long-line fishing at a Durban shipyard at a reported cost of R100,000 (US$139,000) by a South African company. The vessel will be used off South Africa. Another South African company has been operating the converted refrigerated cargo vessel Marinette as a tuna vessel and is pur- chasing two more vessels in Europe for the tuna fishery. Fisheries Development: The Fisheries De- velopment Corporation of South Africa Ltd. is expanding its activities. (Editor's Note: Formed in 1944 under Section 2 of the Fishing Industry Development Act, the Corporation was created as a semipublic body with half its capital of almost $2.8 million subscribed by the State.) As part of its new work in re- source development, the Corporation has be- gun exploratory fishing and gear research to 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 South Africa (Contd.): find out if shrimp and anchovies can be caught commercially off South Africa. (United States Consul, Cape Town, April 21, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 72, Mar. 1964 p. 67, Dec. 1963 p. 78, Oct. 1963 p. 64. KK KK PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY 1964: The shoal fish catch off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in January 1964 was 63,781 short tons pilchards, 3,666 tons maasbanker, and 594 tons mackerel for a total of 68,041 tons. That compares with 44,611 tons pilchards, 165 tons maasbanker, and 4,278 tons mackerel landed in January 1963. The January 1964 catch yielded 15,765 short tons of fish meal, 563,874 imperial gallons of fish body oil, 312,456 pounds of canned pilchards, 533,208 pounds of canned maasbanker, and 125,088 pounds of canned mackerel. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, March 1964.) Republic of Togo | FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS FROM SOVIET UNION INCREASE IN 1963: In 1963 the Soviet Union increased its ex- ports of fishery products to Togo. Imported frozen fishery products of Soviet origin ap- pear to have become very popular with the Togolese and are reported to be unloadedand sold directly from rail cars to the Togolese market women. Despite the noticeable in- erease and frequency of such imports, the consumer demand has kept pace with supplies and there has beenno indication ofa saturated © market. ; A four-man team of German fishing ex- perts is expected to arrive in Togo during 1964. They will bring with them two 39-foot fishing vessels for offshore fishing. Two of the German experts will work with the Togo- lese in training them to operate the 2 vessels and the 2 other experts will teach the Togo- lese how to preserve and distribute fish. (United States Embassy, Lome, April 21, 1964.) as oe U.S.S.R. SOVIET FISHING INDUSTRY: Following are excerpts from a report by Alexander Ishkov, chairman of the Soviet « State Committee of Fisheries: Fisheries Landings: In 1963, landings by Soviet fishing vessels and whalers reached 4.5 million metric tons, exceeding the planned target by 380,000 tons. The Soviet catch goal for 1964 calls for landings to increase by ‘400,000 tons to 4.9 million tons; and in 1965, landings are expected to rise to well over 5 million tons. The Soviet Union has nearly 29,000 miles of sea coast, opening onto a variety of seas, as well as some 211,000 miles of rivers, many of whichare very large. The Soviet Union also has over 200,000 large lakes, covering nearly 12,000 square miles. Those include 102 arti- ficial lakes created mainly in connection with hydro-electric and irrigation schemes. Those lakes are being developed as hatcheries for salmon, sturgeon, and other fish. Fishing Fleet: The development of the So- viet fishing industry has required major capi- tal expenditures. Seven out of 10 vessels and auxiliaries now operating in Soviet fisheries have been built in the last 10 years, and 120 new large vessels should be added in 1964, including 21 refrigerated trawlers. Many of the new vessels have been built in Soviet Ship- yards, but even more have been built to Soviet order by shipyards in Poland, East Germany, Finland, Japan, Denmark, West Germany, and certain other countries. Construction of Soviet fishing vessels a- broad is continuing. Poland, for example, is at work on a series of fishery motherships to serve Soviet distant-water fleets. Polish ship- yards also plan to deliver a series of large factory trawlers to the Soviet Union during the next two years. Each of the new factory trawl- ers should be capable of catching and process- ing 5,500-6,000 tons of fish annually. As recently as 15 years ago, vessels op- erating from Soviet Baltic ports, which then constituted a major part of the Soviet fishing fleet, consisted only of small schooners which operated only in coastal waters. The Soviet Baltic fleet now includes numerous modern fishing vessels capable of operating in distant waters such as the fishing area now in active exploitation off west Africa. The Soviet Baltic U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 706 July 1964 U. S. S. R. (Contd.): fleet is supported at Illaipeda, Tallinn, and other ports by refrigerated warehouses and processing factories. The Soviet Far Eastern fishing fleet, in- cludes about 200 modern fishing vessels and 10 floating fish canneries which operate for 5 months of the year around the Kurile Is~ lands. Those vessels landed about 500,000 tons of fish and other sea products in 1963, and are expected to increase their catch in 1964, The Soviet herring fleet, operating from Murmansk and other ports onthe Barents Sea, is fishing inthe North Atlantic. The fleet, which has been aided by the research done by the submarine Severyanka, is catching large her- ring at depths of 1,000 feet, and in certain areas at depths of 2,000-2,300 feet. Other Soviet fleets are operating in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, and in the Caspi- an Sea. Fisheries Research: There are now 20 Soviet research institutes engaged in fishery research, with 4,000 scientists and techni- cians working out plans for further develop- ment of the fishing in dustry. As a result of Soviet research, five speci- al Soviet vessels will be fishing for tuna in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and others will be fishing in the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean for tuna, ''scomber," sailfish, and mackerel. (World Fishing, April 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 73, March 1964 p. 70, and February 1964 p. 84. KOK OK KOK PACIFIC SALMON HATCHERIES AND FISHERIES: The Chief of the Research Section of the Hokkaido Japan) Salmon Hatchery, Japanese Fisheries Agency, and his assistant visited Primorskaya, Okhotsk, Kamchatka, and Sa- khalin on the Pacific Coast of the Soviet Unionin1957 and 1959, respectively. They were participants in an exchange program on fishing techniques between the Soviet Union and Japan. There observations on So- viet fisheries have been kept current by in- formation from visitors to the Soviet Union and dealings with Soviet delegations to Hok- kaido. Following are some of their impres- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 sions of the Soviet salmon hatcheries and fish- eries in the Pacific coast: Hatchery Program: The Japanese believe that the Soviets will rely on their natural salmon runs until the resource shows strong evidence of depletion. Only then will the So- viets begin full-scale development of their salmon hatcheries. The fact that only two members of Soviet fisheries delegations to Japan have been hatchery personnel suggests the low priority of the program at present. Earlier, during a joint scientific conference between the Soviet Union and Japan, the So- viets described plans to expand hatchery pro- grams in Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, and the Amur River area. But a visiting fisheries team from Japan in 1963 found no pronounced increase of hatchery activity in those areas. The Japanese, however, were impressed by the overall administration of the hatchery program and the natural resources available to the Soviets. One river in Kamchatka is said to have more salmon than all the rivers of Hokkaido combined. Poachers pose little problem and wide rivers allow the salmon to swim unmolested to their natural spawning grounds. This contrasts with Japanese ex- perience where the fish must be caught in midstream, then artifically transported to spawning areas. Soviet scientists also had such advantages as the use of helicopters to fly to and from hatcheries in remote areas. The Soviet hatchery method is the same as the Japanese, both of which are similar tocer- tain United States methods. One Soviet varia- tion in technique, however, is the placing of in- cubation trays with eggs in a large indoor rear- ing pond rather than in troughs through which spring water runs as is the practice in Japan. The Japanese also stated that little encourage- ment is being given to the breeding of hybrid stock in the Soviet Union. Fishing Industry: The Japanese were gen- erally unimpressed by the Soviet salmon fish- ing industry and felt their own plants and tech- niques were superior. They reported that some Soviet salmon canneries were sorting and packing by hand, and using equipment in- stalled by Japanese firms some years ago. Standard of Living: To compensate for the remoteness and seasonal nature of the work, Soviet wages in the Pacific salmon fishing in- dustry were set at 1.5 times the community average, and other incentives such as the de- 76 U.S. S. R. (Contd.): velopment of recreation facilities, and a 10- percent annual increase in wages were used to retain workers. The price of food was comparable to or only slightly higher than that in Japan, but the price of clothing was 4 to 5 times the Japanese level. (United States Consulate, Sapporo, April 15, 1964.) sk ok ok Ok Ok TR OR AR SO NORTH PACIFIC WHALING FLEET TO BE INCREASED: The Soviet Fisheries Minister is reported to have informed the Production Chief of the Japanese Fisheries Agency that his Govern- ment plans to operate 4 whaling fleets in the Aleutian Island waters in 1964, according to informed sources in the Japanese Govern- ment. The Soviet Union operated 2 whale fleets in 1962 and 3 in 1963. Japan intends to operate 3 mothership- type whaling fleets in the North Pacific, as before. They include the motherships Kinjo Maru (10,912 gross tons), Nitto Maru (12,933 gross tons), and the Kyokuyo Maru (11,449 gross tons). The three motherships were scheduled to depart Japan on May 20, 1964. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 5; Suisancho Nippo, May 12, 1964.) 2K Ek ELECTRONIC FISHING GEAR BEING TESTED: A Soviet research vessel has successfully conducted experiments in the equatorial At- lantic Ocean with electronic fishing gear, which can be used to catch sardines without the use of a net. The gear consists of a 100- kilowatt generator and a fish-suction pump, according to a Tass News Agency report dated April 16, 1964. Sardines attracted by means of a night light are ''guided" to the mouth of the fish pump by means of electrical charges released in the water. The fish are then caught by suction. It is reported that by this method 3 to 4 tons of sardines can be landed in one night's fishing. In the Pacific Ocean, the Soviet fishing vessel Yuri Gagarin is reported to have been experimentally fishing for saury with this type of electronic fishing gear for several years, achieving considerable success. So- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 viet fishing gear experts are also said to be experimenting with electronic trawl gear to improve Soviet bottom-fishing techniques. (Suisancho Nippo, May 2, 1964.) ok OK Kk UNDERWATER CRAFT DESIGNED FOR BARENTS SEA STUDIES: The Soviet Institute for Scientific Research in Fisheries and Oceanography in the Arctic has designed and started construction of aself- surfacing bathyscaphe for investigations inthe Barents Sea. It will carry a crew of 3 and will be able to work at depths up to 100 meters (328 feet), remaining submerged for up to 5 days. (World Fishing, April 1964.) eK Ke ok FISHERY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1913: The Soviet Government's aim in the fish- eries is first and foremost to develop their fisheries to such a level that they fully and clearly meet the needs of the country. There- fore, the development and management of the fishing fleet are neither for profit nor export. Parallel with the development of the fish- ing fleet, the U.S.S.R. has built an entire fleet of research vessels and exploratory ships for scientific investigations and for guiding the fishing fleet. The Soviets now have between 80 to 100 such vessels, which undertake in- vestigations on all the most important fishing regions in the world. For example, they have recently undertaken research and fishing ex- plorations in the Indian Ocean and will soon begin regular fishing there. The object ofthe States Fishery Committee is the rational utili- zation and conservation of the stocks of fish, and the Soviets cooperate as best they can with other countries which have the same viewpoint about carrying on the fisheries. Within the U.S.S.R., in rivers and lakes, the Soviets areal- so striving purposefully to protect the stocks of fish and to carry on fish rearing. In 1913, the total Soviet catch was 1 million metric tons of which 200,000 tons were ocean fish and the rest (about 80 percent) were caught in the Caspian Sea, rivers, and lakes. In 1940, the total catch was 1.4 million tons, of which 556,000 tons were oceanfish. In 1950, the to- tal catch increased to 1.75 million tons, and of this, the ocean fishery accounted for about 810,000 tons, or about half the total. The So- viets calculated that their total production for 1963 would be about 4.2 million tons, but in July 1964 U.S. S. R=. (Contd:): November, the fishing fleet exceeded the pro- duction plans and the total catch for the year was expected to amount to about 4.5 million tons. The Soviet fishery in the Caspian Sea, rivers, and lakes together yield about 800,000 tons, or about as much as in 1913, but the ocean fishery now yields about 81 percent of the total catch. In recent years emphasis has been placed on rebuilding and modernizing the fishing fleet, putting it in the best possible condition, and equipping it with the newest instruments. Large vessels are now mostly used, and they freeze the catches, pack them in boxes, and make fish meal out of what is left. It is a great problem to maintain, andstill more difficult to attain, an increase in the catch of fish. The country's industries, with their many dams, power stations, and facto~ ries on all the great rivers, to a large extent, destroy the fishery stocks and disturb the passage of fish. In inland waters the fishery also encounters the limits of overfishing. In the Sea of Azov, for example, the fishery there formerly accounted for about 230,000 metric tons annually, but now only about 200,000 met- ric tons. The same can be said of the Caspian Sea where the total catch in 1940 was 351,000 metric tons, contrasted to 340,000 metric tons today. But in reservoirs and inland lakes, the fishery has increased considerably with the help of fish culture. Fish ladders have also been built in all places where possible. They are of various types according to the circum- stances and requirements of the various kinds of fish. Good results have resulted from many of them. For example, Soviet scientists promise more sturgeon in Soviet's great riv- ers in peacetime than there were before all the great dams were built. Salmon culture has given good results in the Kura and Kuban Rivers. Formerly, most of the catch was salted, but now over 50 percent is frozen and much of it is also canned. The total production of salt fish is now less than before World War I when it was 340,000 tons (nearly half of the total catch). Now it is about 300,000 tons-- only a small percentage of the total catch. The consumption of fish, which was formerly about 6 kilograms (13.2 lbs.) a year per cap- ita, has now increased to over 12 kilograms (26.4 lbs.). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 In recent years the Soviets have empha- sized the building up of a fleet of large trawl- ers which can carry on many types of fisher- ies at sea far from the mother country. These are specially applicable to the fisheries inthe Atlantic Ocean on the great banks of Newfound- land, Georges Bank, and Greenland, and off the West African coast. The fleet is divided into two principal categories: factoryship trawlers and fleet expeditions. The last cate- gory includes many trawlers accompanied by a mothership. They supply the transporting ship with catches of round fish, or dressed or drawn fish, and receive fuel and water from it. In contrast, the large factoryship trawlers fish and fully prepare their own catches until they have a complete load, and then sail with their catches to Soviet ports. There are two principal types of those trawlers: 1. Factoryship Trawlers: These vessels fish in the Northwest Atlantic, on the New- foundland Banks, and Georges Bank. They are stern trawlers with freezers, are about 3,600 metric tons, have 2,000-hp. engines, storage for 750 metric tons, crews of 90 to 100 men, and can stay at sea for 90 days. They have freezing equipment that can quick- freeze 30-35 metric tons of fish fillets a day, and also filleting machines with a production capacity of 10-15 tons per day. They also have fish meal processing equipment which manu- factures about 4 tons per day. In addition, those vessels have canning equipment, which is used principally to produce products from fish livers. The annual catch of one of those trawlers is 6,000 to 7,000 metric tons. They usually use trawls made of synthetic fiber. 2, After some research with fishing on Africa's west coast, the Soviets found that they could do better with another type of vessel. For this fishery, they have built stern trawl- ers of 2,900 metric tons with storage capaci- ties of 560 metric tons, crews of 60-70 men, and freezing apparatuses that can daily freeze 30-35 metric tons. They have no filleting ma- chines. They fish principally for sardines, mackerel, and other species, such as carangids. Both the factoryship trawlers and stern trawl- ers use synthetic fiber trawls with large, ver- tical openings. Under good conditions, they can take 20-25 metric tons per 2-hour tow. Tropic trawlers use midwater trawls which can be fished in any depth. 3. Inthe North Pacific Ocean, the North- east Atlantic Ocean, and Barents Sea, the So- 78 U. S. S. R. (Contd.): viets use principally trawlers of the ''Okean' type. They are of medium size: 650 metric tons with a capacity of 150 metric tons, 26- man crews, and can fish 30 to 35 days before returning to port. They often accompany a mothership which takes the catch and supplies them with fuel and water. They are equipped with trawls, purse seines, and gill nets. Dur- irg autumn and over the winter, for example, they fish a great deal with gill nets in the re- gion between Iceland and Norway; in the spring and summer they fish with trawls in the Ba- rents Sea, Georges Bank, or on the Newfound- land Banks. These trawlers are not particu- larly well equipped. For example, they lack freezing equipment. The Soviets are now be- ginning to build new trawlers for this fishery which are somewhat larger. 4, ''Maiak'' Type Trawlers: These vessels are 1,350 metric tons, have a capacity of 200 metric tons, 800 hp. engines, 30-man crews, and can stay at sea 50 to 55 days. This type trawler has freezing equipment that canfreeze 6-7 tons daily. They can travel at 11-13 knots and are equipped with Russian hydroacoustic instruments of both horizontal and vertical types. They have mostly trawled at depths of 200-300 meters (656-984 feet), down to 400 meters (1,312 feet), and still fish mostly at those depths, but they have now also begun to trawl at 400-600 meters (1,312-1,969 feet), and in the Pacific Ocean down to 700 meters (2,297 feet), with good results. Among new fishing gear is the Soviet mid- water trawl, which has given good results. Fishing off the West African coast is shown to be profitable, and the fishery is beginning to be pursued. Most of the catch is brought to Soviet ports and only a part is sold on the spot, for example in Ghana. Fishing with a pump and light has been tried for North Sea herring, but with a complete lack of success. The object of the Soviet fisheries is not to make a profit, but instead, to satisfy the So- viet people's demand for food. Shipbuilding continues, and the catches bring a steady price fixed by the Government. The fluctua- tion in the fish markets in other places have no influence on the price of fish in the Soviet Union. Fishermen are paid in the following way: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 1. Fixed ''normal" pay, which is calcu- lated on the basis of the vessel's filling its production goal. 2. A bonus for those vessels with a catch that exceeds the goal. 3. For those whose catch is disappointing, there is a guaranteed minimum share which is Somewhat lower than the normal pay. The Soviet fisheries are now approaching the established goal--to reach a yearly total catch of about 5 million metric tons--but the members of the Soviet Fishery Board think that the Soviet people really need about 7 mil- lion metric tons. Note: Translation from Norwegian by Leslie W. Scattergood of article "Sovjetsamveldets fiskerier" (Soviet Fisheries), which ap- peared in Fiskets Gang, 50 aargang, nr. 7 (February 13, 1964), pp. 119-120. 8 United Kingdom WORLDWIDE TARIFF REDUCTION ASKED BY BRITISH PRIME MINISTER: The British Prime Minister confirmed in a speech April 9, 1964, that Britain's trade policies are aimed at achieving worldwide re- ductions in tariff barriers. The Prime Minis- ter's remarks were made in London in the opening address to the European Purchasing Conference, which is composed of buyers from most European countries as well as from the United States, Canada, India, and Japan. The Prime Minister was reported to have said that the United Kingdom will have free trade by 1966 with all countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). He noted that at present there are no such advantages for British trade in the European Economic Community (EEC), but nevertheless Britain's exports to the EEC are steadily increasing. On the Kennedy Round of tariff negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Prime Minister was reported to have stated that Britain would go into the talks seeking a 50-percent general reduction in tariffs with a minimum of exceptions. (United States Embassy, London, April 18, 1964.) se sk sk ose ok KK OK OK OK BRITISH FISHING INDUSTRY: The British fishing industry employs some 24,000 full-time and 6,000 part-time fisher- men. July 1964 United Kingdom (Contd.): The principal fishing ports in England and Wales are Hull, Grimsby, Fleetwood, Milford Haven, and Lowestoft for white fish (cod, had- dock, plaice, turbot, and sole) and Great Yar- mouth and Lowestoft for herring. The white fish fleet is made up of three main groups--the distant-water, the near- and middle-water, and the inshore vessels. The distant waters are those off Iceland, Greenland and the north coast of Norway, and the Barents Sea. The middle-water grounds lie around the Faroe Islands. The near-wa- ter grounds are in the North Sea, the Irish Sea, and the coastal areas around Britain. Herring fishing grounds are mainly within 60 miles of land. Distant-water vessels (there are about 300 of them) are more than 140 feet long and make voyages of from 17 to 23 days; middle- water vessels are less than 140 feet long and their voyages can last from several days up to 2 weeks. Britain has more than 450 near- water and middle-water vessels. The capital invested in British fishing vessels is some E55 million (US$154 million), and the public buy fish to the value of more than £100 mil- lion ($280 million) a year. The catch is usually distributed through wholesalers at the ports, who buy at auctions and sell to inland wholesalers. (Billingsgate Market, London, which handles more than 300 tons of fish a day, is the largest inland whole- sale distributing center for fish in Britain, although other large cities have central fish markets.) Sixty special express fish trains transport the catch daily from the ports to in- land centers, and increasing use is made of truck transport. Every village, town, and city of Britain has fresh fish available within 24 hours of being landed. Retail sales are handled by some 30,000 fishmongers and about the same num- ber of fish friers. Purchases by fish friers account for roughly one-third of the value of landings of white fish. Frozen packaged fish--sold by other shops as well as fishmongers--is rapidly increasing in popularity and accounts for about 20 per- cent of all fish sold in Britain. (Commercial Fishing, March 1964.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 PRODUCTION OF FROZEN PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1963: , British production of frozen processed fish- ery products in 1963 amounted to 58,062 long tons, only 263 tons (or 0.5 percent) more than the previous year but up 3.4 percent from 1961. This is revealed in a report issued by the White Fish Authority, London, Of the 1963 production, 27,445 tons were packed in bulk or institutional packs and 30,617 tons were packed in consumer packs. While the quantity put up in bulk or institutional packs in 1963 was 18.7 percent less than the previ- ous year, the quantity packed in consumer packs increased 27.4 percent. In addition to the domestic production, 18,748 tons were imported (10,451 tons in bulk or institutional packs and 8,297 in con- sumer packs) in 1963, somewhat less than in 1962. British Production of Frozen Processed Fishery Products as Reported by the White Fish Authority Amount Produced Year | Fish Used Institutional Consumer Total Packs Packs 129,000 128, 442 127,020 116,500 Home market sales of 73,901 tons in 1963 were up 17.0 percent from the previous year. The greater increase from 1962 was in home market sales of consumer packs (up 22.5 per- cent); sales of bulk or institutional packs were up 12.5 percent. BRITISH FIRM PLANS TO EXPAND FLEET OF REFRIGERATED STERN TRAWLERS: A British fisheries company has announced plans to order eight additional stern trawlers all of which will be equipped to freeze fish at sea. When completed the vessels will be as- signed to Grimsby and Hull where they will serve as replacements for older vessels in the British company's fleet of 61 distant-wa- ter trawlers. (Only 16 vessels in that fleet are over 10 years old.) The first of the new group of stern trawl- ers will be scheduled for delivery in June 1965. 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 United Kingdom (Contd.): Viet-Nam NEW MACHINE CUTS FISH-DRYING SHRIMP EXPORTS TO JAPAN UP IN 1963: RROCESS TO 30 HOURS: Viet-Nam's shrimp exports to the United A machine that cuts the process of drying | States in 1963 were valued at US$32,000, and fish from 6 weeks to 30 hours has been de- were about unchanged from those of the pre- veloped at the British Government Torry Re- | vious year. In the same year, however, Ja- search Station in Aberdeen, Scotland. Since pan's purchases of shellfish products from the machine can be used on board fishing ves- | that country (769,000 pounds), particularly sels at sea, it will enable trawlers to oper- shrimp, were ten times greater than a year ate in unexploited fishing grounds of the South | earlier and were valued at $300,000. By in- Atlantic and dry their catches at sea. ereasing its purchases of spiny lobsters, mol- lusks, and shrimp, Japan replaced Hong Kong Working in cooperation with the Torry Re- |as Viet-Nam's best fishery customer. (United search Station, a Scottish shipyard has de- States Embassy, Saigon, May 6, 1964.) signed a new type of trawler to carry the dry- ing machine. The vessel will be about 310 feet long--only slightly larger than convention- al deep-sea trawlers. (Commercial Fishing, March 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 112. TUNA Tuna are wide-ranging inhabitants of the opensea; some species cross the oceans intheir movements. Little note was paidthem until 1903, when the sardine failed to appear in California waters. Today, moretuna are takenby United States fishermen than any other food fish and only the shrimp and salmon fisheries are more valuable. For many years, American fisher- men in the famed tuna clippers pursued the fish along the coasts of the Americas from southern Cal- ifornia to far below the Equator. At its peak in 1951, the clipper fleet numbered 228 boats. In the late 1950's, however, a revolution occurred inthe United States tuna fishery as clipper after clipper con- verted to the more efficient purse seiner. This was possible because ofthe introduction of nylon seines and the development of the power blockto handle the great nets. Four kinds of tuna--yellowfin, skipjack, albacore, andbluefin--andatunalike fish, the boni- to, are taken by our fishermen, largely off Central and South America. Recent landings have averaged nearly 300 million pounds, worth $35to $40 million ex-vessel. From those landings and imported frozen tuna, West Coast processors annually put up a tuna pack worth more than $140 million. For many years, California processors have led the world in the can- ning of tuna. --Conservation Note 15, ''Commercial Fisheries of the Pacific Coast, "' Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior. Washington, D. C. 20240. July 1964 VE gp LGPL EE! Department of Commerce AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION INDUSTRIAL LOAN TO MARYLAND PET FOOD FIRM APPROVED: The Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce has approved an industrial loan of $461,500 to help Custom Pet Food Packers, Inc., estab- lish a plant at Princess Anne, Md., for the canning of dog and cat food. While cereals, beef, and poultry byproducts will constitute the principal ingredients of the pet food, the manufacturer anticipates using 48 tons of "trash" fish per day in the products. The loan funds will be used to buy and im- prove land, to construct buildings, and to pur- chase machinery and equipment. The total cost of the project will be $710,000. Produc- tion atthe plant will require 123 workers, and in addition it is estimated that 36 directly re- lated jobs will be generated in fishing and sup- ply industries. SURVEY OF FISHERIES POTENTIAL IN CARTERET COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA: A technical assistance project to survey the expansion potential of the fisheries indus- try in Carteret County, N.C., has been ap- proved by the Area Redevelopment Adminis- tration (ARA) of the U.S. Department of Com- merce, The 16-months research project is to be conducted by a firm in Morehead City, N.C. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will supervise the contract work, The tech- nical assistance project will include: (1) a survey of fishery resources to determine present sufficiency and the potential for fu- ture development; (2) establishment of anex- perimental pilot-plant operation using modern techniques to produce new products for con- sumer tests to determine their acceptance FEDERAL ACTIONS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 and marketability; and (3) a labor-skill sur- vey to determine present skills and possible new requirements. On the basis of the study results, recom- mendations will be made as to the most prom- ising lines for expansion of existing seafood processing plants as well as the potential for new enterprises. The total cost of the fish- ery research project will be approximately $40,000. ARA will finance $36,000 of that amount with Carteret County contributing the balance, " <* “rare Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION NEW FOOD ADDITIVE REGULATION CONCERNING KELP: A regulation prescribing the use of kelp as a source of iodine in foods for special die- tary use was issued by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, effective April 24, 1964, as an amendment to food additive regulations (Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part ileal) The new regulation as it appeared in the Federal Register, April 24, 1964, follows: Title 21—FOOD AND DRUGS Chapter I—Food and Drug Adminis- tration, Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS PART 121—FOOD ADDITIVES Subpart D—Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption KELP The Commissioner of Food and Drugs, having evaluated the data in a petition 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 (FAP 411) filed by California Vegetable Concentrates, Inc., P.O. Box 149, Hunt- ington Park, California; Diketan Lab- oratories, Inc., 9201 Wilshire Boulevard, ‘Los Angeles, California; Kopco, Inc., Dock 1, Port Hueneme, California; Philip R. Park, Inc., Berth 42, Outer Harbor, San Pedro, California; S. O. Barnes & Sons, Inc., 17250 South Main Street, Gardens, California; and Thurston Laboratories, 3355 Glendale Road, Los Angeles, California, and other relevant material, has concluded that a food addi- tive regulation should issue to prescribe the use of kelp as a source of iodine in foods for special dietary use. Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (sec. 409 (c) (1), 72 Stat. 1786; 21 USC. 348(c) (1), and under the authority delegated to the Commissioner by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (21 CFR 2.90; 29 FR. 471), the food additive Tegulations are amended by adding to Subpart D a new section reading as follows: § 121.1149 Kelp. Kelp may be safely used as a source of iodine in foods for special dietary use when the amount of iodine so provided for daily intake does not exceed 0.15 milligram. The food additive kelp is the dehydrated, ground product prepared from macrocystis pyrifera. Any person who will be adversely af- fected by the foregoing order may at any time within 30 days from the date of its publication in the FepeRat Recister file with the Hearing Clerk, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Room 5440, 330 Independence Avenue SW., ‘Washington 25, D.C., written objections thereto. Objections ‘shall show wherein the person filing will be adversely affected by the order and specify with particu- larity the provisions of the order deemed objectionable and the grounds for the ebjections. If a hearing is requested, the objections must state the issues for the hearing, A hearing will be granted if the objections are .supported by grounds legally sufficient to justify the Telief sought. Objections may be ac- companied by & memorandum or brief in support thereof. All documents shall be filed in quintuplicate. Effective date. This order shall be ef- fective on the date of its publication in the FepERAL REGISTE? een 409 (c). ete 72 Stat. 1786; 21 US.C. 348 c. Dated: April 20, 1964. Geo. P. LarRICK, — Commissioner of Food and Drugs. Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES EASTERN PACIFIC YELLOWFIN TUNA FISHING REGULATIONS PROPOSED: Notice of proposed regulations concerning catch quota, open seasons, and closed seasons for yellowfin tuna; and restrictions on tuna imports were published in the Federal Regis- ter, May 9, 1964, by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The proposed regulations are to be issued under the authority contained in subsection (c) of section 6 of the Tuna Conven- tions Act of 1950, as added by the Act of Oc- tober 16, 1962. The notice provided that consideration would be given to any data, views, or arguments per- taining thereto which were submitted in writing to the Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Re- gion, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ter- minal Island, Calif.,by June 8, 1964. A public hearing also was held at the United Portuguese Club, 2818 Addison Street, San Diego, Calif., May 23, 1964, when interested persons were given an opportunity to comment orally on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations as they appeared in the Federal Register, May 9, 1964, follow: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service { 50 CFR Parts 280, 281 } EASTERN PACIFIC TUNA FISHERIES Notice of Proposed Rule Making Notice is hereby given, pursuant to sec- tion 4(a) of the Administrative Pro- cedure Act of June 11, 1946 (60 Stat. 237), and section 6(c) of the Tuna Con- ventions Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 778), as amended by the Act of October 15, 1962 (76 Stat. 923; 16 U.S.C. 955), that the Secretary of the Interior proposes to amend Title 50, Code of Federal Regula- tions, by adding a new Subchapter H— Eastern Pacific Tuna Fisheries, consist- ing of Part’ 280—Yellowfin Tuna and Part 281—Restrictions on Tuna Imports. The proposed regulations are set forth in tentative form below. The proposed regulations are to be is- sued under the authority contained in subsection (c) of section 6 of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as added-by the Act of October 15, 1962. In accordance with the authority cited, after adoption of the regulations proposed as Part 280 July 1964 _and publication thereof in the FepERaL REGISTER, such regulations are to become applicable to all vessels and persons sub- ject to the jurisdiction of the United States on such date as the Secretary of the Interior shall prescribe, but in no event prior to an agreed date for the ap- plication by all countries whose vessels engage in fishing for species of fish cov- ered by the Convention for-the Estab- lishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (1 U.S.T. 230), in the regulatory area on a meaningful scale of effective measures for the implementa- tion of the Commission’s recommenda- tions applicable to all vessels and persons subject to their respective jurisdictions. Steps are being taken to reach agreement with the several countries whose fisher- men participate in the tuna fisheries of the eastern Pacific Ocean looking toward July 1, 1964, as the date for the simul- taneous application by all such countries of suitable conservation measures to be observed by their fishing vessels. Prior to the final adoption of the proposed regulations, consideration will be given to any data, views, or arguments pertaining thereto which are submitted in writing to the Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Region, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 101 Seaside Ave- nue, Terminal Island, California, within the period of 30 days from the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL RecisTER. Interested persons will also be afforded an opportunity to comment orally on the proposed regulations at a public hearing to be held at United Por- tuguese Club, 2818 Addison Street, San Diego, California, beginning at 10:00 a.m., May 23, 1964. Any person who in- tends to present views orally at such hearing is requested to furnish in writing his name and the name of the organiza- tion he represents, if any, to the said ‘Regional Director and not later than May 20, 1964. Issued at Washington, D.C., and dated May 7, 1964. James K. Carr, Under Secretary of the Interior. SUBCHAPTER H—EASTERN PACIFIC TUNA FISHERIES PART 280—YELLOWFIN TUNA Sec. 280.1 Definitions. 280.2 Basis and purpose. 280.3 Catch limit. 280.4 Open season. 280.5 Closed season. 280.6 Tuna clearance cerfificates. 280.7 Reports and record keeping. 280.8 Persons and vessels exempted. AvtHoritTy: The provisions of this Part 280 issued under sec. 6, 64 Stat. 778, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 955. § 280.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the fol- lowing terms shall be construed, respec- tively, to mean and to include: (a) Convention. The Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Washington, May 31, 1949, by the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica (1 U.S.T. 230). (b) Commission. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission established pursuant to the Convention. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (c) Director of Investigations. The Director of Investigations, Inter-Ameri- can Tropical Tuna Commission, Le Jolla, California. (ad) Bureau Director. The Director of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States De- partment of the Interior. (e) Regional Director. The Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Region, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, 101 Sea- side Avenue, Terminal Island, California. (f). Regulatory area. All waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean bounded by the mainland of the Americas and the fol- lowing lines: Beginning at a point on the mainland where the parallel of 40 degrees north lati- tude intersects the coast; thence due west to the meridian of 125 degrees west longitude; thence due south to the parallel of 20 de- grees north latitude; thence due east to the meridian of 120 degrees west longitude; thence due south to the parallel of 5 degrees north latitude; thence due east to the meri- dian of 110 degrees west longitude; thence due south to the parallel of 10 degrees south latitude; thence due east to the meridian of 90 degrees west longitude; thence due south to the parallel of 30 degrees south latitude; thence due east to a point on the mainland where the parallel of 30 degrees south lati- tude intersects the coast. (g) Yellowfin tuna. Any fish of the species Thunnus albacares (synonomy: Neothunnus macropterus). (h) Other tuna fishes. Those species (and none other) of the family Scom- bridae which are known as: (1) Albacore—Thunnus alalunga (sy- nonomy: Thunnus germo). (2) Bigeye—Thunnus obesus (synon- omy: Parathunnus sibi). (3) Bluefin—Thunnus thynnus (sy- nonomy; Thunnus saliens). (4) Skipjack—Euthynnus pelamis (sy-~ nonomy: Katsuwonus pelamis). (i) Fishing vessel. Every kind, type or description of watercraft subject to the jurisdiction of the United States (other than purse seine skiffs) used in or outfitted for catching or processing fish or transporting its catch of fish from fishing grounds. (j) Transport vessel. Every kind, type or description of watercraft subject to the jurisdiction of the United States used or capable of being used exclusively to take on board on the high seas and transport to a port of the United States the catches of fishing vessels of the United States. (k) Person. Individual, association, corporation or partnership subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (i) Open season. The time during which yellowfin tuna may lawfully be captured and taken on board a fishing vessel in the regulatory area without lim- itation on the quantity permitted to be retained during each fishing voyage. Unless otherwise specified, whenever time is stated in hours it shall be con- strued to refer to standard time in the area affected. (m) Closed season. The time during which yellowfin tuna may not be taken or retained on board a fishing vessel in quantities exceeding the amounts per- mitted to be taken and retained as an incident to fishing for other tuna fishes. § 280.2 Basis and purpose. (a) At a special meeting held at Long Beach, California, on September 14, 1961, 83 the Commission recommended to the Governments of Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and the United States of America, parties to the Convention, that they take joint action to limit the annual catch of yellowfin tuna from the eastern Pacific Ocean by fishermen of all nations during the calendar ‘year 1962. This recommendation was made pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article IL of the Convention on the basis of scien- tific investigations. conducted by the Commission over a period of time dating from 1951. The most recent years of this period were marked by a substantial increase in fishing effort directed toward the yellowfin tuna stocks, resulting in a rate of exploitation of these stocks greater than that at which the maximum average sustainable yield may be ob- tained. The Commission’s recomménda- tion for joint action by the parties to regulate the yellowfin tuna fishery has as its objective the restoration of these stocks to a level of abundance which will permit maximum average sustainable catch and the maintenance of the stecks in that condition in the future. (b) At annual meetings held at Quito, Ecuador, May 16-18, 1962; at Panama City, Panama, April 16-17, 1963; and at San Diego, California, March 18-19, 1964; the Commission affirmed its earlier conclusions regarding the need for regu- lating the yellowfin tuna fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean and at each meet- ing recommended to the parties to the Convention that they take joint action to: (1) Establish a prescribed tonnage limit on the total catch of yellowfin tuna by the fishermen of all nations during each calendar year from an area of the eastern Pacific Ocean defined by the Commission; (2) Establish open and closed seasons for yellowfin tuna under prescribed conditions; (3) Permit the landing of not more than fifteen percent (15%) by weight of yellowfin tuna among the tuna taken on a fishing trip made after the close of the yellowfin tuna fishing season; and (4) Obtain from governments not parties to the Convention, but having vessels which operate in the fishery, co- operation in effecting the recommended conservation measures. (c) At a meeting held at San Diego, California, on March 20, 1964, represent- atives of the Governments of Costa Rica, Ecuador, Japan, Mexico, and the United States of America gave assurances that beginning as of July 1, 1964, each coun- try would apply to all vessels and persons subject to its jurisdiction effective meas- ures for the implementation of the rec- ommendations maile by the Commission in March 1964 for a yellowfin tuna con- servation regime. Subsequent to March 20, 1964, the Governments of --________ and) so gave like assurances. The several countries named are parties to the Convention or, not being parties, exercise jurisdiction over vessels which “engage in fishing for species covered by the Convention in the regulatory area on @ meaningful scale, in terms of effect upon. the success of the conservation Program” within the purview of section 6(c) of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as amended. (d) The regulations in this part are designed to implement the Commission’s 84 ,eurrent and future' applicable recom ‘mendations for the conservation of yel- lowfin tuna so far as they affect all ves- sels and persons subject to the jurisdic- tion of the United States. § 280.3 Catch limit. The annual limitation on the quantity of yellowfin tuna permitted to be taken from the regulatory area during the open season by the fishing vessels of all na- tions participating in the fishery will be fixed and. determined on the basis of recommendations made by the Commis- sion pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article TI of the Conyention. Upon approval by the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Interior of the recommended catch limit, announcement of the catch limit thus established shall be made by the Bureau Director through publication ofa ‘suitable notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. The Bureau Director, in like manner, shall announce any revision or modifica- tion of an approved annual catch limit which may subsequently enter into force. § 280.4 Open season. The open season for yellowfin tuna fishing shall begin annually at 12:01 am, of the first day of January and terminate at midnight on & date to be determined and announced as provided in: § 280.5. § 280.5 Crosed season. (a) Pursuant to authority granted by the Commission, the Director of Investi- gations maintains records of the catches of yellowfin tuna taken from the regula- tory area and landed from time to time during the open season by the fishing vessels of all nations partieipating in the fishery. By taking into account the ag- gregate weight of the yellowfin tuna landings and the estimated additional quantities of yellowfin tuna expected to be taken by the fishing vessels of all nations operating in the regulatory area, the Director of Investigations will deter- mine the date on which he deems the an- nual catch limit will be reached and will promptly notify the Bureau Director of such date. The Bureau Director shall announce the season closure date thus established by publication in the FEDERAL Recister. The closure date so an- nounced shall be final except that if it shall at any time become evident to the Director of Investigations that the catch limit will not be reached by such date, he may substitute another date which shall be announced by the Bureau Di- rector in like manner as provided for the ‘date originally determined. 4b) Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (a) of this section, after the date determined in the manner provided in this section for the closing of the yel- Jowfin fishing season, the taking of yel- lowfin tuna shall be prohibited until the yellowfin tuna fishing season reopens on January 1 next following the close of the season. (ce) Any fishing vessel which has de- parted port to engage in yellowfin tuna fishing pursuant to a tuna clearance certificate last validated prior to the date of the closure of the yellowfish fishing season may continue to take and retain yellowfin tuna without restriction as to quantity until the fishing voyage has been completed by unloading in port or by transferring to a transport vessel the whole or any part of-the fishing vessel’s cargo of tuna. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (a) After the close of the yellowfin tuna fishing season as provided in this section, yellowfin tuna captured as an incident to fishing for other tuna fishes may be taken on board a fishing vessel and landed or transferred to a transport vessel in an amount not exceeding fifteen percent by weight of all tuna fishes landed or transferred by the fishing vessel. (e) ‘At any time during the closed sea- son a transport vessel, without regard to the quantities of yellowfin or other tuna fishes possessed on board the transport vessel, may receive, possess and trans- port to a port of the United States yellow- fin tuna lawfully taken and transferred by a fishing vessel on the high seas: -Provided, That no yellowfin tuna in any amount may be transferred from a fish- ing vessel or be received on board a trans- port vessel during the closed season unless an officer authorized to enforce the regulations in this part is aboard the transport vessel for the purpose of in-' specting all such transfers. § 280.6 Tunaclearance certificates. (a) Except as permitted by § 280.8, after the first day of July 1964, no person shall use a fishing vessel or & transport vessel for the capture, retention, trans- portation, or landing of yellowfin tuna in any quantity from the regulatory area during-the open season unless such vessel shall have first been registered and cleared for yellowfin tuna fishing or for transporting yellowfin tuna in conformity with the provisions of this section. (b) The managing owner, master, or other person in charge of a fishing vessel or a tramsport vessel may register such vessel to engage in yellowfin tuna fishing or in transporting yellowfin tuna from the fishing grounds by furnishing, either by letter or on a form to be supplied by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, in- formation specifying the names and ad- dresses. of the managing owner and master, respectively, of the vessel, and the name, official number, home port, and cargo capacity (in tons of frozen tuna) of the vessel. Such application shall be submitted to the Regional Di- rector who shall, without charge, issue in the name of the fishing. vessel or transport vessel a ¢ertificate evidencing its registration to engage in yellowfin tuna fishing or in transporting yellowfin tuna during the calendar year applied for. Each such certificate shall expire at the end of the calendar year during which it is issued and shall be replaced by 2. new certificate upon application made in like manner as prescribed. for the original certificate. New certificates shall similarly be issued to replace lost or mutilated certificates. (ce) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, not earlier than 48 hours prior to each departure from port to engage in fishing for or transporting ‘yellowfin tuna during the open season for such tuna, the master or other person in charge of a fishing vessel or a transport vessel or the agent of such person shall present the vessel’s tuna clearance cer- tificate for validation. Validation of a tuna clearance certificate shall be ac- complished in the manner specified in paragraph (d) of this section. Such validation shall terminate at thé time of the first discharge thereafter of any part of the tuna taken on board during the Vol. 26, No. 7 voyage authorized by the validated certificate. (d) Validation of a tuna clearance certificate as fequired in paragraph (c) of this section shall, upon request and only during the open season on yellowfin tuna, be entered as an endorsement made by an authorized validating officer upon the certificate held by the fishing vessel or transport vessel. Authorized officers as listed below, and their author- {zed representatives, may perform the functions of authorized validating officers: ~ (4) For vessels departing ports of the United States— Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Region, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Terminal Island, California; and Regional Director, Pacific Northwest Region, Bureau of Com- merical Fisheries, Arcade Building, Beat- tle, Wash., Officers of the United States Bureau of Cus- toms, Officers of the United States Coast Guard, Officers and employees of the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico. (2) For vessels departing foreign ports— The officer-in-charge at each of the following United States Consular posts: Colombia: Barranquilla, Bogota, Buenaven~ tura, and Call. Chile: Antofagasta, Concepcion, Santiago, and Valparaiso. Costa Rica: Puntarenas and San Jose. Ecuador: Guayaquil and Quito. El Salvador: San Salvador. Guatemala: Guatemala. Mexico: Mexico, D.F., and Mazatlan. Nicaragua: Managta. Panama: Colon and Panama. Peru: Arequipa and Lima.- (e) As circumstances require, the Bu- reau Director from time to time shall re- vise the list of authorized validating of- ficers by publishing appropriate changes in the FEDERAL REcIsTER. In the event an authorized validating officer is not available in port at the time of impend- ing departure of a fishing vessel on & fishing voy2ee, a validation of the nature required by paragraph (c) of this section may be obtained by letter or prepaid tele- graphic communication. (f) A validation by an authorized val- idating officer shall not be required for @ vessel departing a foreign port in any case where the Bureau Director finds and publishes notice thereof in the FEDERAL REcIstEr that the Government of the country in which the port is situated has sin force conservation measures which are adequate to meet the objectives of this section, including the means for provid- ing documentary evidence establishing the date of departure of the vessel to en- gage in fishing for or transporting yel- lowfin tuna. (g) The tuna clearance certificate and validation endorsements thereon issued as provided in this section shall at all times be carried on board the vessel for which issued and such certificate, the vessel, and its cargo shall at all times be subject to inspection for the purposes of this part by officers authorized to enforce the provisions of this part. § 280.7 Reports and record keeping. The master or other person in charge of a vessel holding a tuna clearance cer- tificate issued under this part shall— July 1964 (a) Keep an accurate log of all opera- tions conducted from the vessel, enter- ing therein for each day the date, noon position (stated in latitude and longitude or in relation to known physical fea- tures) and the estimated quantities (in short tons) of tuna fish by species which are taken on board the vessel: Provided, That the fishing record and bridge log maintained at the request of the Com- mission shall be deemed a sufficient com- pliance with this paragraph whenever the items of information specified herein are fully and accurately entered in such log. (b) Report by radio at least once each calendar week during a fishing voyage conducted in the open season; such re- porting to begin on a date to be an- nounced by the Bureau Director through publication of a suitable notice in the FPepERAL REGISTER and to continue throughout the open season. Reports by radio shall be made directly or through @ cooperating vessel to Radio Station WWD, La Jolla, California, 4415.8 ke or 8805.6 kc or by, prepaid commercial radio message directed to the Director of In- vestigations. Radio reports shall be made between 0900 and 2400, P.s.t., and shall state the name of the fishing vessel and the cumulative estimated quantities, by species, of all tuna fish taken on board from week to week throughout the dura- tion of the fishing voyage. Weekly re- ports containing all items of information required by this paragraph may be sub- mitted to the Director of Investigations by the shore representative of the vessel master in lieu of the radio reports from the vessel. (c) Furnish on a form supplied by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, imme- diately following the delivery or sale of & catch of tuna made by means of such vessel, a report, certified to be correct, giving the name and official number of the fishing vessel, the dates of com- mencement and conclusion of the fishing voyage and listing separately by species and weight in pounds or short tons, the gross quantities of each species of tuna fish so sold or delivered: Provided, That, at the option of the vessel master or other person in charge, a copy of the fish ticket, weigh-out slip, settlement sheet, or similar record customarily issued by the fish dealer or his agent may be used for reporting purposes, in lieu of the form supplied by the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, if such alternate record is similarly certified and contains all items of information required by this para- graph: Provided, That any vessel land- ing its catch in California and reporting by means of a copy of the California fish ticket may indicate the California Fish and Game boat number in lieu of the vessel’s official number. Such report shall be delivered or mailed to the Re- gional Director within 48 hours after the weigh-out has been completed. § 280.8 Persons and vessels exempted. Nothing contained in §§ 280.2 to 280.7 shall apply to: (a) Any person or vessel authorized by the Commission, the Bureau Director, or any State of the United States to en- gage in fishing for research purposes. (b) Any vessel documented as a com- mon carrier by the Government of the United States and engaged exclusively in the carriage of freight and passengers’ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (other than a transport vessel as de- fined in § 280.1(j)). (c) Any vessel of less than ten gross tons. (ad) Any person or vessel engaged in sport fishing for personal use. PART 281—RESTRICTIONS ON TUNA IMPORTS Sec. 281.1 Definitions. 281.2 Basis and purpose. 281.3 Species subject to regulation. 281.4 Species under investigation by the Commission. 281.5 Investigations authorized. 281.6 Publication of findings. 281.7 Proof of admissibility. 281.8 Removal of import restrictions. AvuTHogrITY: The provisions of this Part 281 issued wnder sec. 6, 64 Stat. 778, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 955. No. 92—Pt. I—3 § 281.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the fol- lowing terms shall be construed, respec- tively, to mean and to include: (a) United States. All areas under the sovereignty of the United States, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Canal Zone. (b) Convention. The Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Washington, May 31, 1949, by the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica (1 U.S.T. 230). (c) Commission. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission established pursuant to the Convention. (da) Bureau Director. The Director of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States De- partment of the Interior. (e) Regulatory area. All waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean bounded by the mainland of the Americas and the fol- lowing lines: Beginning at a point on the mainland where the parallel of 40 degrees north lati- tude intersects the coast; thence due west to the meridian of 125 degrees west longi- tude; thence due south to the parallel of 20 degrees north~latitude; thence due east to the meridian of 120 degrees west longi- tude; thence due south to the parallel of 5 degrees north latitude; thence due east to the meridian of 110 degrees west longitude; thence due south to the parallel of 10 degrees south latitude; thence due east to the me- ridian of 90 degrees west longitude; thence dué south to the parallel of 30 degrees south latitude; thence due east to a point on the mainland where the parallel of 30 degrees south latitude intersects the coast. (f) Yellowfin tuna. Any fish of the species Thunnus albacares (synonymy: Neothunnus macropterus). (g) Other tuna fishes. -Those species (and none other) of the family Scom- bridae which are known as: (1) Albacore—Thunnus alalunga (synonymy: Thunnus germo). (2) Bigeye—Thunnus obesus (synon- ymy: Parathunnus sibi). (3) Bluefin—Thunnus thynnus (syn- onymy: Thunnus saliens). (4) Skipjack—Euthynnus pelamis (synonymy: Katsuwonus pelamis). (h) Fishing vessel. Every kind, type or description of watercraft (other than purse seine skiffs) used in or outfitted for catching or processing fish or transport- ing fish from fishing grounds. 85 (i) Person. Individual, association, corporation or partnership. § 281.2 Basis and purpose. (a) At a special meeting held at Long Beach, California on September 14, 1961, the Commission recommended to the Governments of Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and the United States of America, parties to the Convention, that they take joint action to limit the annual catch of yellowfin tuna from the east- ern Pacific Ocean by fishermen of all nations during the calendar year 1962. This recommendation was made pur- suant to paragraph 5 of Article II of the Convention on the basis of scientific in- vestigations conducted by the Commis- sion over & period of time dating from 1951. The most recent years of this period were marked by a substantial in- crease in fishing effort directed toward the yellowfin tuna stocks, resulting in a rate of exploitation of these stocks greater than that at which the maximum average sustainable yield may be ob- tained. The Commission’s recommen- dation for joint action by the parties to regulate the yellowfin tuna fishery has as its objective the restoration of these stocks to a level of abundance which will permit maximum average sustain- able catch and the maintenance of the stocks in that condition in the future. (b) At annual meetings held at Quito, Ecuador, May 16-18, 1962; at Panama City, Panama, April 16-17, 1963; and at San Diego, California, March 18-19, 1964; the Commission affirmed its earlier conclusions regarding the need for regu- lating the yellowfin tuna fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean and at each meet- ing recommended to the parties to the pa that they take joint action (1) Establish a prescribed tonnage limit on the total catch of yellowfin tuna by the fishermen of all nations during each calendar year from an area of the eastern Pacific Ocean defined by the Commission; (2) Establish open and closed seasons for yellowfin tuna under prescribed conditions; (3) Permit the landing of not more than fifteen percent (15%) by weight of yellowfin tuna among the tuna taken on a fishing trip made after the close of the yellowfin tuna fishing season; and (4) Obtain from governments not parties to the Convention, but having vessels which operate in the fishery, co- operation in effecting the recommended conservation measures. (c) At a meeting held at San Diego, California, on March 20, 1964, represent- atives of the Government of Costa Rica, Ecuador, Japan, Mexico, and the United States of America gave assurances that beginning as of July 1, 1964, each country would apply to all vessels and persons subject to its jurisdiction effec- tive measures for the implementation of the recommendations made by the Com- mission in March 1964 for a yellowfin tuna conservation regime. Subsequent to March 20, 1964, the Governments of eens ee and ___-___-_- gave like as- surances. The several countries named are parties to the Convention or, not being parties, exercise jurisdiction over vessels which “engage in fishing for species covered by the Convention in the regulatory area on a meaningful scale, 86 in terms of effect upon the success of the conservation program,” within the purview of section 6(c) of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as amended. (d) In conformity with the provisions of section 6(c) of the Act and simultane- ously with the adoption of the regula- tions in this part, the Secretary of the Interior has made effective Part 280 of this title for the purpose of carrying out the current and future recommendations of the Commission for the conservation of yellowfin tuna in the regulatory area so far as such recommendations affect all vessels and persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (e) The yellowfin tuna stocks recom- mended for regulation by the Commis- sion constitute a significant part of an international high seas fishery in which the vessels of a number of countries are engaged in varying degrees. Since some of the countries are not parties to the Convention and, therefore, have no ap- plicable treaty obligations to fulfill, the achievement of the conservation objec- tives with respect to the tuna resources of the eastern Pacific Ocean is dependent upon international cooperative efforts to .implement the Commission’s recommen- dations. With a view toward encourag- ing effective cooperation on the part of such countries, the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as amended, directs that re- Strictions be established on the importa- tion of certain tuna fish from any coun- try which shall fail to take action to prevent the occurrence of certain pro- scribed activities. Thus, section 6(c) of the Act provides that the Secretary of the Interior, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall promulgate regulations— (1) To prohibit the entry into the United States, from any country when the vessels of such country are being used in the conduct of fishing operations in the regulatory area in such manner or in such circumstances as would tend to diminish the effectiveness of the conservation recommendations of the Commission, of fish in any form of those species which are subject to regulation pur- suant to a recommendation of the Commis- sion and which were taken from the regula- tory area; and (2) To prohtbit entry into the United States, from any country, of fish in any form of those species which are subject to regulation pursuant to a recommendation of the Commission and which were taken from the regulatory area by vessels other than those of such country in such manner or in such circumstances as would tend to diminish the effectiveness of the conserva- tion recommendations of the Commission. (f) Section 6(c) of the Act further provides that ‘in the case of repeated and flagrant fishing operations in the regulatory area by the vessels of any country which seriously threaten the achievement of the objectives of the Commission’s recommendations, the Secretary of the Interior, with the con- currence of the Secretary of State, may, in his discretion, also prohibit the entry from such country of such other species of tuna, in any form, as may be under investigation by the Commission and which were taken in the regulatory area.” (g) The regulations in this part are designed to implement the provisions of section 6(c) of the Act with respect to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW import controls and to prescribe proce- dures for the establishment of restric- tions on imports of tuna whenever such action shall be deemed warranted. § 281.3 Species subject to regulation. The species of fish currently subject to regulation pursuant to a recommenda- tion of the Commission within the mean- ing of section 6(c) of the Act is yellowfin tuna. § 281.4 Species under investigation by the Commission. The species of fish currently under in- vestigation by the Commission within the meaning of section 6(c) of the Act are yellowfin tuna, skipjack tuna, and bigeye tuna. § 281.5 Investigations authorized. (a) The Bureau Director shall cause to be made from time to time such in- quiries and investigations as may be nec- essary to keep himself and other persons concerned currently informed regarding the nature and effectiveness of the meas- ures for the implementation of the Com- mission’s recommendations which are being carried out by countries whose ves- sels engage in fishing within the regula- tory area. In making a finding as to whether or not a country is condoning the use of vessels in the conduct of fish- ing operations in the regulatory area in such manner or in such circumstances as would tend to diminish the effective- ness of the conservation recommenda- tions of the Commission, the Bureau Di- rector shall take into account, among such other considerations as may appear to be pertinent in a particular case, the following factors: (1) Whether or not the country pro- vides or causes to be provided to the Commission pertinent statistics on a timely basis. (2) Whether or not the country has in force conservation measures applicable to its own fishermen adequate for the implementation of the Commission’s recommendations. (3) Whether or not the country has in force measures for the control of land- ings in its ports of species subject to regulation which are taken in the regula- tory area by fishermen of other countries contrary to the Commission’s conserva- tion recommendations. (4) Whether or not the country, hav- ing put conservation measures into effect, takes reasonable action to enforce such measures. (5) ‘he number of vessels of the coun- try which conduct fishing operations in the regulatory area. (6) The quartity of species subject to regulation taken from the regulatory area by the country’s vessels contrary to the Commission’s conservation recom- mendations and its relationship to (i) the total quantity permitted to be taken by the vessels of all countries participating in the fishery and (ii) the quantity of such species sought to be restored to the stocks of fish pursuant to the Commis- sion’s conservation recommendations. (7) Whether or not repeated and flagrant fishing operations in the regula- tory area by the vessels of the country seriously threaten the achievement of the objectives of the Commission’s recom- mendations. Vol. 26, No. 7 (b) Any person who shall have reason to believe that the vessels of any country are being used in the conduct of fishing operations in the regulatory area in such Manner or in such circumstances as would tend to diminish the effectiveness of the conservation recommendations of the Commission or that other acts within the purview of the import control provi- sions of section 6(c) of the Tuna Con- ventions Act of 1950, as amended, are occurring or are likely to occur, may communicate his belief to the Bureau Director. Every such communication shall contain or be accompanied by a full statement of the reasons for the belief, including a detailed description of such specific acts or events as may support the belief, and such other pertinent facts as may indicate a need far instituting an investigation as authorized in this part. (c) Upon receipt by the Bureau Di- rector of any communication submitted pursuant to paragraph (b) of this sec- tion and found to comply with the re- quirements of that paragraph, the Bu- reau Director promptly shall cause such investigation to be made as appears to be warranted by the circumstances of the case. In conducting such investigation the Bureau Director or his designated representative shall consider any repre- sentations offered by foreign interests, importers, brokers, domestic producers, or other interested persons. Unless good cause to the contrary shall exist, every such investigation shall be completed within 60 days following receipt of the communitation. § 281.6 Publication of findings. If it shall be determined on the basis of § 281.5 that species of fish subject to regulation or under investigation by the Commission, as the case may be, are ineligible for entry into the United States from a particular country pursuant to the provisions of section 6(c) of the Act, the Bureau Director, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior and the Concurrence of the Secretary of State, when required by law, shall publish a finding to that effect in the FepERAL REG- IsTER. Effective upon the date of publi- cation of such finding in the FEDERAL REGISTER every shipment of fish in any form of the species under regulation or under investigation by the Commission offered for entry either directly or in- directly from the country named in the finding shall be denied entry unless it shall be established by satisfactory proof pursuant to § 281.7 that a particular shipment of such fish is not ineligible for entry: Provided, That entry shall not be denied and no such proof shall be required for any such shipment which, on the date of such publication, was in transit to the United States on board a vessel operating as a common carrier. § 281.7 Proof of admissibility. For the purposes of § 281.6 of this part -and section 8(c) of the Tuna Conven- tions Act of 1950, as amended, a ship- ment of fish in any form of the species under regulation or under investigation by the Commission offered for entry, directly or indirectly, from a country named in a finding published under such § 281.6 shall be deemed to be eligible for entry if the shipment is accompanied by a certificate of eligibility, executed in the form and manner set forth below, certi- July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 fying that the tuna in the shipment are not of the species specified in the pub- lished findings or, if-of such species, were not taken in the regulatory area. The required certificate of eligibility must be executed by a duly authorized Official of the country named in the pub- lished finding and the certificate must be authenticated with respect to the sig- nature and official position of the per- son executing the same by a consular officer or consular agent of the United States. CERTIFICATE OF ELIGIBILITY US seeeece sect an authorized officer of the Government of ---------- , certify that the shipment of tuna fish accompanied by this certificate, consisting of -____-------_---- of (Species) (Number and kind of packages or containers) bearing the following marks and numbers (a) Contains no fish of the species pro- hibited entry into the United States by virtue of a finding of ineligibility published under regulations issued pursuant to section 6(c) of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as amended. (b) Contains fish of the species prohibited entry into the United States by virtue of a finding of ineligibility published under regu- lations issued pursuant to section 6(c) of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, as amended, but that such fish were caught in the waters (Identify area or areas in which fish were taken) by vessels subject to the jurisdiction of Sao Sess , and that none of the said fish (Country) was taken in any part of the eastern Pacific Ocean subject to conservation regulations pursuant to recommendations of the Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission. (Address) [This certificate must be accompanied by a certificate of authentication executed by a consular officer or consular agent of the United States.] § 281.8 Removal of import restrictions. Upon a determination by the Bureau Director that the conditions no longer exist which warranted the imposition of import restrictions against the country named in the finding published pursuant to § 281.6, the Bureau Director, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, shall publish a finding to such effect in the FEepERAL RecisTer. Effective upon the date of publication of such finding, the prior existing import restrictions against the country designated therein shall terminate; Provided, That for a period of one year from such date of publication every shipment of fish in any form of the species subject to regulation or under investigation by the Commis- sion shall continue to be denied entry unless the shipment is accompanied by a certification executed by an authorized official of the country of export and authenticated by a consular officer or consular agent of the United States, cer- tifying that no portion of the shipment is comprised of fish which are of species under regulation and which were pro- hibited from entry under the prior exist- ing import restrictions. a i Office of Emergency Planning ALASKA AND A CALIFORNIA COUNTY DECLARED MAJOR DISASTER AREAS: Two Notices of Major Disaster dated May 1, 1964, by the Office of Emergency Plan- ning concerning the States of Alaska and Cali- fornia as a result of the earthquake beginning March 27, and its adverse consequences, were published in the Federal Register of May 7, 1964, Under the Act of September 30, 1950, Federal assistance to States and local gov- ernments is warranted in major disasters. The Director of the Office of Emergency Planning has determined the entire State of Alaska to have been adversely affected, and has also determined that Del Norte County in California was affected by seismic sea waves of sufficient severity and magnitude to war- rant disaster assistance by the Federal Gov- ernment to supplement State and local efforts. The Notices as published in the May 7, Federal Register follow: OFFICE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING ALASKA Notice of Major Disaster Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the President under Executive Order 10427 of January 16, 1953, Execu- tive Order 10737 of October 29, 1957, and Executive Order 11051 of September 27, 1962 (18 F.R, 407, 22 F.R. 8799, 27 FR. 9683); Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, Public Law 85-763, and Public Law 87-296; by virtue of the Act of September 30, 1950, entitled “An Act to authorize Federal assistance to States and local governments in major disasters, and for other purposes” (42 U.S.C. 1855-18552), as amended; notice is hereby given of a declaration of “major disaster” by the President in his letter to me dated March 28, 1964, reading in part as fol- lows: I hereby declare a major disaster in those areas of Alaska adversely affected by the earthquake beginning on March 27. I do hereby determine the entire State of Alaska to have been adversely affected by the catastrophe declared a major dis- aster by the President in his declaration of March 28, 1964. Dated: May 1, 1964. CALIFORNIA Notice of Major Disaster Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the President under Executive Order 10427 of January 16, 1953, Executive Or- der 10737 of October 29, 1957, and Execu- 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tive Order 11051 of September 27, 1962 (18 FR. 407, 22 FR. 8799, 27 FR. 9683) ; Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, Pub- lic Law 85-763, and Public Law 87-296; by virtue of the Act of September 30, 1950, entitled “An Act to authorize Fed- eral assistance to States and local gov- ernments in major disasters, and for other purposes” (42 U.S.C. 1855-1855g), as amended; notice is hereby given of a declaration of “major disaster” by the President in his letter to me dated April 1, 1964, reading in part as follows: I have determined the damage in Del Norte County, California, adversely affected by seismic sea waves beginning on or about March 27, 1964, to be of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant disaster assistance by the Federal Govermment to supplement State and local efforts. Dated: May 1, 1964. Epwarp A. McDERMOTT, Director, Office of Emergency Planning. Sues United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit FISHERMEN CONSIDERED INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS FOR TAX PURPOSES: On March 3, 1964, in the tax refund case, United States v. Crawford Packing Company, the United States Court of ages for Tie Fifth Circuit upheld a ruling that captains and fishermen aboard shrimp vessels who work on a share basis are independent contractors for Federal employment tax and income with- holding tax purposes. The ruling had been handed down January 23, 1962, by a Judge in the United States District Court for the South- ern District of Texas. The District Courthad ruled that the Government did not overcome Crawford's clear showing that the fishermen were free from direction and control of their fishing activities and that their earnings were dependent solely upon their skill, initiative, weather, and good fortune. The decision only affects the liability of the vessel owners for Federal employment and in- come withholding taxes. It does not relieve them from liability for injuries to fishermen, nor interfere with the ancient rights of fisher- men to maintenance and cure, nor any rights under the Jones Act. Editor's Note: The decision by the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in the Craw- ford Packing Company case appears to be in conflict with the decision of December 6, 1963, by the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit Vol. 26, No. 7 which upheld a ruling that fishing vessel crews and captains who operate under the "share'' system are considered employees for Federal tax purposes. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Jan. 1964 p- 79, July 1963 p. 107, Aug. 1962 p. 95, and May 1962 p. 78. Eighty -Eighth Congress (Second Session) Public bills and resolutions which may di- rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon. Introduc- tion, referral to committees, pertinent legis- lative actions by the House and Senate, as well as Signature into law or other final disposi- tion are covered. ALASKA DISASTER: Senator Gruening from the floor of the Senate May 21, 1964 (Congressional Record, pages 11170-11171) pointed out that: ".. . IThavebeen urging for some time now that the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. . . lower the interest rate on disaster loans to Alaska victims to three-fourths of 1 percent--the same amount charged to foreign bor- rowers under theforeignaidprogram... .' The latest addition to the list of supporters for the idea is the ex- ecutive council of the AFL-CIO, which on May 20 adopt- ed a resolution supporting it. The Senator requested that the resolution adopted by the AFL-CIO council be printed in the Record. ALASKA OMNIBUS ACT AMENDMENTS: H, Rept. 1410, Amending the Alaska Omnibus Act (May 14, 1964, report from the Committee on Interior and Insular Af- fairs, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 6 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage (with amendments) of H.R. 11037, to amend the Alaska Omnibus Act, as amended, to increase by $23.5 million the amount authorized to be appropriated for grants to assist the State of Alaska to‘assume bur- dens which were borne by the Federal Government while it was a territory and to extend to June 30, 1966, the period for which such grants may be made, and to, ex- tend by two years the time during which the Federal Government may continue to provide in Alaska certain services that normally belong to a State and during which property used for providing such services may be transferred to the State, Contains the purpose, need, committee amendment, cost, executive recommenda- July 1964 tion, committee recommendation, and changes in ex- isting law. On May 18, 1964, the House passed S. 2772 (in lieu of H.R, 11037), to amend the Alaska Omnibus Act author- izing an additional grant of $23.5 million to the State of Alaska for earthquake recovery purposes. This action cleared the bill for the President's signature. On May 27, 1964, the President signed S, 2772 into law (P. L. 88-311). _ On May 27, 1964, a communication was received from the President containing a draft of proposed leg- islation to amend the Alaska Omnibus Act to provide assistance to Alaska for reconstruction of damage by the earthquake last March, Referred to House Commit- tee on Interior and Insular Affairs and Senate Commit- tee on Public Works. S. 2881 (Bartlett et al) introduced in the Senate and H.R. 11438 (Rivers) introduced in the House on May 28, 1964, bills to amend the Alaska Omnibus Act to provide assistance to the State of Alaska for the reconstruc- tion of areas damaged by the earthquake of March 1964 and subsequent seismic waves, and for other purposes; referred to the Senate and House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Senator Bartlett's descriptive re- marks when he introduced the bill appear in that day's Congressional Record (pages 11779-11783). On June 3, 1964, Senator Gruening spoke from the floor of the Senate and inserted in the Congressional Record (pages 12159-12163), the statement of the At- torney General of Alaska before the Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee on S, 2881, which would a- mend the Alaska Omnibus Act, to provide assistance to help the State recover from the effects of the earth- quake and subsequent seismic waves. Included in his remarks were proposed amendments, One amendment would reduce the rate of interest on any loans made by the U.S. Government to Alaska to a rate lower than 33 percent, On the same date the Senate Commitiee on Interior and Insular Affairs held and concluded hearings on S, 2881. i The Subcommittee on Territorial and Insular Af- fairs of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs held hearings June 11, 1964, on H.R, 11438. ALASKA TRANSPORTATION RATES: On June 4, 1964, Senator Gruening spoke from the floor of the Sen- ate concerning the possible reduction of the transporta- tion rates to Alaska. The Senator also referred to the recent filing of a tariff with the Interstate Commerce Commission by the Trans-Continental Freight Bureau which was to become effective June 10, (Congressional Record, pages 12239-12242,) ANADROMOUS FISH CONSERVATION: The Sub- committee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries held hearings May 26, 27, and 28, 1964, on H. R. 2392 and H.R. 11160 and similar bills authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to initiate a program for the conservation, development, and enhancement of the Na- tion's anadromous fish in cooperation with several States. All witnesses appearing before the Subcommit- tee favored the principles set forth in the bills, The Commissioner of the Fish and Wildlife Service appeared COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 on behalf of the Interior Department and endorsed H, R. 2392, recommending amendments now incorporated in- to H.R. 11160. He pointed out that the Service needs additional authority to cooperate with the states in de- veloping plans for the management and manipulation of water and anadromous fisn. He indicated such legisla- tion would supplement the Fish and Wildlife Coordina- tion Act. He then recommended a cooperative program with the states, one to enhance the fisheries values as well as mitigate losses. Testimony was received from the Commissioner of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, the Chief of the Marine Resources Branch of the California Department of Fish and Game, and from representatives of several private conserva- tion organizations. H. R, 11398 (Lipscomb) introduced in the House May 26, 1964, a bill similar to H.R, 2392; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. On June 1, 1964, the Speaker of the House presented a memorial of the Legislature of the State of California memorializing the President and the Congress of the United States relative to anadromous fish; referred to the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries. ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: H.R, 11270 (Ellsworth), H.R. 11284 (Moore), and H.R, 11286 (Nix) introduced in the House May 18, 1964, to amend the An- tidumping Act, 1921; also H.R. 11304 (Watson) intro- duced in the House May 19; H.R. 11347 (Fulton) and H.R. 11359 (McClory) introduced on May 21; and H. R. 11441 (Tollefson) introduced on May 28; all were re- ferred to the Committee on Ways and Means, Similar or identical to bills previously introduced, CHEMICAL PESTICIDES COORDINATION: On June 2, 1964, the Senate Committee on Commerce re- ported favorably, with amendments, S. 1251 (S. Rept. No, 1053), which amends the act of August 1, 1958, in order to prevent or minimize injury to fish and wildlife by the use of: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides. The bill as reported "turns out to be more or less a Committee bill. S. Rept. No, 1053, Protection of Fish and Wildlife from Pesticides (June 2, 1964, report from the Com- mittee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Con- gress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 1251), 28 pp., printed. The Committee reported the bill with amend- ments and recommended passage. Contains purpose of the bill, need for the bill, Committee consideration of the bill, agency comments, changes in existing law, and an appendix of notices, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FUND: On May 20, 1964, the President signed into law S. 627, an act to promote State commercial fishery research and development projects, and for other purposes--P, L. 88-309, The Act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to cooper- ate with the States through their respective State agen- cies in carrying out projects designed for the research and development of the commercial fisheries resources of the Nation. CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- SOURCES: On May 20, 1964, the President signed into Taw S. 1988, an act to prohibit fishing in the territorial waters of the United States and in certain other areas by vessels other than vessels of the United States and by persons other than United States nationals or in- 90 habitants--P. L. 88-308. In signing the bill the Presi- dent issued the following statement: "This law fills a long-standing need for legislation to prevent foreign fishing vessels, which in recent years have appeared off our coast in increasing numbers, from fishing in our territorial waters. The new law will not establish any new rights to the continental shelf. But it will make possible the enforcement of whatever rights that now exist or may be established. Since the waters over the continental shelf are high seas, efforts willbe made to work out in advance with foreign countries proce- dures for enforcement there. In this connection, the United States has assured Japan that in such consulta- tions with Japan full consideration will be given to Ja- pan's long-established king crab fishery." Senator Bartlett on June 5, 1964, spoke from the floor of the Senate concerning the presence of Soviet fishing fleets off U.S. shores. He also inserted an ar- ticle, "Big Soviet Fleet Reported Fishing in Waters off Mexico,'' which was published in the Mexico News of May 29. (Congressional Record, pages 12385-12386.) CONSUMER PROTECTION: On June 3, 1964, Con- gressman Dingell under extension of remarks inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pages A2977-2978) portions of an address given by the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division of the De- partment of Justice, delivered before the Conference on the Government's Role in Consumer Protection at the University of Toledo, on April 24, 1964, regarding the Government's role in consumer protection as viewed from the executive-judicial perspective. FEDERAL PESTICIDES CONTROL ACT OF 1964: On May 26, 1964, the House Committee on Agriculture held a hearing on operation of pesticide laws and regu- lations, Testimony was heard from representatives of three Govenment agencies. FOOD MARKETING NATIONAL COMMISSION: Study of Food Marketing (Hearings before the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), Part I, 126 pp., and Part II, 196 pp., printed. Contains hearings held March 23, 24, 25, and April 8, 13, 16, 22, 23, 29, and 30, 1964, on S.J. Res. 71, and S. J. Res. 71, as amended. Included are statements of various Federal and state officials. S. Rept. No. 1022, Establishing a National Commis- sion on Food Marketing (May 12, 1964, report from the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S.J. Res. 71, as amended), 18 pp., printed. The Committee reported the resolution with amendments and recommended passage. Contains purpose, background, and need for the resolu- tion, committee amendments, cost, section-by-section analysis, agency reports, memorandum, and changes in existing law. H. Rept. 1401, National Commission on Food Mar- keting (May 13, 1964, report from the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 7 pp., printed. The Committee recom - mended passage (with amendments) of H. J. Res. 977, to establish a National Commission on Food Marketing to study the food industry from the farm to the con- sumer, Contains the purpose of the bill, general state- ment, hearings, committee amendments, and executive communications, On May 18, 1964, the Senate (after adopting commit- tee amendments en bloc and 2 floor amendments) passed COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 S. J. Res. 71, to establish a National Commission on Food Marketing to study the food industry from the pro- ducer to the consumer. Descriptive remarks concern- ing the bill are found in that day's Congressional Rec- ord (pages 10822-10828). Minis On May 21, 1964, the House Committee on Rules de- ferred action on H. J. Res. 977, a resolution similar to S.J. Res. 71. On May 26, 1964, the House Committee on Rules granted an open rule on H. J. Res. 977. On June 4, 1964, the House passed H. J. Res. 977. This passage was subsequently vacated and §, J. Res. 71, a similar resolution, was passed in lieu after being amended to contain the House-passed language. The House insisted on its amendment; requested a confer- ence with the Senate; and appointed conferees. House adopted amendments relating to approval of employees of the Commission by the Commissioner in lieu of the Chairman; also to broaden proposed study to include ef- fectiveness of dissemination of market news; and the ef- fect of imported foods on U.S. producers, processors, and consumers. Rejected an amendment to reduce au- thorization of Commission to $500,000 instead of , $1,500,000. H. Res. 737, the rule under which the leg- islation was considered, had been adopted earlier by a voice vote, Committees of both houses have approved joint reso- lutions to establish a National Commission on Food Marketing. Amendments by the House Committee in- cluded a reduction in the authorization for funds from $2.5 million to $1.5 million and also provided that the Commission's report is to be completed by July 1, 1965, instead of July 1, 1966, and that it will state only con- clusions and findings without making legislative recom- mendations. House amendments also provided that at least three members of the Commission would be re- quired to conduct hearings, and that the powers of the Commission could be exercised only on majority vote. Amendments by the Senate Committee were minor, in- cluding one fo bring products such as seafood within the scope of the Commission's investigations. The Sen- ate measure, however, would authorize a two-year study without the fund cut authorized by the House Com- mittee. Both measures (H.J. Res. 977 and S. J. Res. 71) provide for a Commission of 15 members. In the proposed legislation, the duties of the Commission are described as follows: ''The Commission shall study and appraise the marketing structure of the food indus- try including the following: (1) the actual changes in the various segments of the food industry; (2) the changes likely to materialize if present trends con- tinue; (3) the kind of food industry that would assure efficiency of production, assembly, processing and dis- tribution, provide appropriate services to consumers, and yet maintain acceptable competitive alternatives of procurement and sale in all segments of the industry from producer to consumer; (4) the changes in statutes or public policy, the organization of farming and food assembly, processing, and distribution, and interrela- tionships between segments of the food industry which would be appropriate to achieve a desired distribution of power as well as desired levels of efficiency; and (5) the effectiveness of the services and regulatory activi- ties of the Federal Government in terms of presentand probable developments in the industry." On June 5,1964, the Senate disagreed to House amend- ment to S.J. Res. 71. The Senate then agreed to hold conference requested by House, and appointed conferees. July 1964 GREAT LAKES FISHERIES: On May 19, 1964, Con- gressman Cederberg and Congressman Chamberlain, under extension of remarks, inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pages A2600 and A2641)areso- lution adopted by the Legislature of the State of Michi- gan urging Congress to speed the proposed financial assistance to the Great Lakes fishing industry and fur- ther urging that an inspection system with respect to fresh-water fish imported from Canada be instituted. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTH- WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES: On June 1, 1964, the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations submitted to the Senate a favorable report on Executive B, Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest Atlan- tic Fisheries (signed at Washington, February 8, 1949), which protocol relates to harp and hood seals and was signed July 15, 1963 (Ex. Rept. No. 8), Ratification of the Protocol by the Senate would indicate the approval of the United States in bringing those species within the responsibility of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Com- mission. (The principal commercial fishery for harp and hood seals is conducted on the ice of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and east of Newfoundland in early spring. Four parties to the Convention presently engage in the fishery: Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the Soviet Union.) INTERNATIONAL FOOD STANDARDS: On June 2, 1964, Senator Anderson inserted in that day's Congres- sional Record (pages A2924-2926) an address by the Chairman of the U.S. Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion Interagency Subcommittee on Codex Alimentarious to the Institute of Food Technologists (24th annual meet- ing) May 25, Washington, D.C., on ''A New Vital In- fluence in International Food Standards.'’ The Senator in introducing the insertion of the address said: "' the United States, in cooperation with the Food and Ag- riculture Organization and the World Health Organiza- tion, is participating very actively in creating a system of international food standards, New food technology, development of trade areas through the world, and im- proved transportation have accelerated the need for such a body of food standards... . MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL OWNERS: On June 4, 1964, the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce met in executive session and ordered re- ported favorably to the House H.R. 3873. (H. Rept. No. 1467) toamend session 322 of the Public Health Service Act to permit certain owners of fishing boats to re- ceive medical care and hospitalization without charge at hospitals of the Public Health Service, It appears that the Committee reported this House bill in lieu of the Senate-passed S. 978. The House bill is similar but not identical with the Senate bill. Under the terms of H. R. 3873 the medical service privileges would be extended to ‘Persons who own vessels registered, en- rolled, or licensed under the maritime laws of the United States, who are engaged in commercial fishing operations, and who accompany such vessels, on such fishing operations, and a substantial part of whose serv- ices in connection with such fishing operations are comparable to services performed by seamenemployed on such vessel or on’vessels engaged in similar oper- ations. H. Rept. No. 1467, Medical Care for Fishing Boat Owners aeee 1964, Report from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Repre- sentatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R, 3873), 14 pp., printed. The Committee reported COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 the bill without amendments and recommended pas- sage. Contains purpose, provisions, and cost of the bill; agency reports; and changes in existing law. NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AGENCY: On May 19, 1964, Congressman Wilson under extension of remarks inserted in the Congressional Record (page A2607) an article from Undersea Technology entitled ''Centraliz- ing Oceanography.” _ NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES RESOURCES: On June 2, 1964, Congressman Pelly inserted in that day's Con- gressional Record (page A2931) extension of remarks concerning a resolution adopted May 20, 1964, by the Ballard Exchange Club of Seattle, Wash., on protection of North Pacific fisheries. The Congressman remarked that this resolution indicates public concern over the adverse impact the Japanese and Soviet fishing fleets are having on North Pacific fisheries resources. OCEANOGRAPHIC LEGAL PROBLEMS: H, R, 11419 (Lennon) introduced in the House on May 27, 1964, a bill authorizing the appropriation of $50,000 for a study of the legal problems of management, use, and control of the natural resources of the oceans and ocean beds; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. RESEARCH PROGRAMS: On May 19 and 20, 1964, the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Develop- ment of the House Committee on Science and Astronau- tics held hearings on geographical distribution and in- direct costs of Federal research and development. Testimony was given by public witnesses. STATE DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1965: On May 25, 1964, the Subcommittee of the Senate Com- mittee on Appropriations continued hearings on H.R. 11134, making appropriations for the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and re- lated agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965. Testimony was given by several Federal officials. In- cluded are funds for the International Fisheries Com- mission, SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FY 1964: On May 8, 1964, the Committee on Appropriations re- ported (H. Rept. 1386) to the House H.R. 11201, making deficiency appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. The bill passed the House on May 11. The Senate received the House- passed bill on May 12. Bill reported (S. Rept. 1030) in Senate May 27 by the Committee on Appropriations. On May 28 after adopting Committee amendments en bloc and a technical amendment by Senator Pastore, the Senate, by unanimous consent, passed H.R. 11201, making deficiency appropriations for fiscal year 1964, As passed by the Senate, the bill would provide the sum of $46,570,000 for items relating to Alaskan earthquake damage, which sum includes $650,000 for repair and rehabilitation of Bureau of Commercial Fisheries fa- cilities and equipment replacement; $17,000,000 for ex- tension of transitional grants to Alaska to assist the State in recovering from the earthquake effects; and $150,000 for the necessary expenses of the Federal Reconstruction and Development Planning Commission for Alaska, The Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for conference with the House, and appointed conferees, On June 2, 1964, the House disagreed to Senate a- mendments to H.R, 11201, and agreed to the conference 92 requested by the Senate. House also appointed con- ferees and scheduled a meeting for June 3. On June 3, 1964, the House and Senate conferees in executive session agreed to file a conference report on the differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of H.R. 11201 (H. Rept. 1457). As approved by the conferees, the bill would provide a total of $1,336,687,143. The Senate version of the bill provided a total of $1,349,637,143, and the House-passed figure was $1,264,913,689. On June 4, 1964, the House adopted the conference report on H, R. 11201, and sent the legislation to the Senate. The Senate adopted conference.report onH. R. 11201 on the same day, concurring in certain House a- mendments to Senate amendments. This cleared the legislation for the President's signature. As approved by both Houses, the bill still provides $650,000 for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for construction re- lating to the Alaskan earthquake disaster. Deficiency Appropriations for 1964 (Hearings before the Committee on Appropriations, United States Sen- ate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 266 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on H.R, 11201, making deficien- ey appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. H. Rept. No. 1386, Deficiency Appropriation Bill, 1964 (May 8, 1964, report from the Committee on Ap- propriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 11201), 28 pp., printed. The Committee submitted the report in explanation of the deficiency appropriations in H.R. 11201. Contains scope and summary of the bill. Included is a table sum- marizing the budget estimates and amounts recom- mended in the bill. S. Rept. No. 1030, Deficienc Appropriation Bill, 1964 (May 27, 1964, report from the Committee on Appro- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 26, No. 7 priations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Ses- sion, to accompany H. R. 11201), 35 pp., printed. The Committee reported the bill with various amendments. Contains additional appropriations for various Govern- ment agencies. H. Rept. No. 1457, Deficiency Appropriation Bill, 1964 (June 3, 1964, report from iE of Con- ference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H. R, 11201), 5 pp., printed. The Committee agreed to recommend various agreements to the House and Senate, On June 9, 1964, the President signed into law H. R. 11201 making deficiency appropriations for fiscal year 1964, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: On June 3, 1964, Senator Javits spoke from the floor of the Senate (Congression- al Record, pages 12197-12200) and on June , Con= gressman Curtis made a statement under an extension of remarks (Congressional Record, pages A3263-3265) concerning the forthcoming trade negotiations in Ge- neva under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Senator Javits and Congressman Curtis both inserted in the Congressional Record, anewspaper ar- ticle titled "Free Trade Hurdles--Multitude of Non- tariff Obstacles to Imports Troubles GATT Talks-- France Rejects Unsanitary U.S. Pork; Europe Fumes at Buy American Policies--Undercutting Geneva Gains ?" UNITED STATES FISHING INDUSTRY: On May 21, 1964, Senator Kennedy spoke from the floor of the Sen- ate and inserted in the Congressional Record (pages 11168-11170) excerpts from a speech ("A New Thrust for American Fisheries") given by Under Secretary of the Interior James K. Carr at the National Fish- eries Institute Convention held in Seattle April 24-28, 1964, UNDERWATER INTERCOM PERMITS SKIN DIVERS TO TALK In the short history of skin diving as a popular sport, one of the major bottlenecks has been underwater communication which tradition- ally has been carried out with sign language of the most difficult type. Now they have developed aneffective intercom system that works under- water called ''Watercom." The new system consists of a special face mask, a throat mike, and a 5-pound cylindrical transmitter strapped to the diver's air tank. Spoken words are picked up by the throat mike, carried to the transmitter onthe air tank, amplified, and broadcast into the water so any diver within 100 yards can hear the speaker without any special receiving equipment to bother with. --By John L. Russell, Jr. The Aquarium, May 1964. July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 TAM eC a Voge : cer Te ITS a ee ee ET CLS ETC a OE Sd > : FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE that the catch in 1963 amounted to 4,750 million pounds valued at $378 million ex-vessel. Ofthe catch, 2,490 PUBLICATIONS million pounds were used for human food while the remainder was used for the manufacture of industri- THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE al products and for bait and animal food. In 1963, OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U.S. FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- for the first time, over half of the U.S. supply of ues C. 20240, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- fishery products available was imported--6,500 mil- ; lion pounds, representing 58 percent of the total, A 7 - CURRENT FASBERCSTERISTLCS OF THE UNITED STATES. new high was reached in shrimp supplies with 318 BE GUS Re ON LOBEL GNERISRE DLE million pounds available, in contrast to only 272 mil- ee ae ie inant eerste (eres lion pounds in 1962, The menhaden catch of 1,800 DISTRIBUTION), million pounds accounted for 37 percent of the total U.S. catch of all species. Shrimp was the most valu- Number Title able item ($70 million) taken, with Pacific salmon CFS-3291 - Middle Atlantic Fisheries, 1962, Annual running second, The new long-line fishery, princi- Summary (Revised), 6 pp. pally for Atlantic swordfish, took 2.7 million pounds CFS-3417 - FishSticks and Fish Portions, 1963 Annual in comparison to 1,7 million pounds in 1962, During Summary, 3 pp. 1963, a considerable migration of the Gulf and South CFS-3442 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, September 1963, Atlantic shrimp fleet to central and South American 22 pp. countries occurred, CFS-3459 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, October 1963, 23 pp. CFS-3460 - Massachusetts Landings, July 1963, 9 pp. Sep. No. 704 - Shrimp Explorations off Vancouver Island CFS-3462 - Georgia Landings, February 1964, 3 pp. (British Columbia), October-November 1962. CFS-3463 - North Carolina Landings, February 1964, 4 pp. SSR-Fish, No. 469 - Success of Pink Salmon Spawning CFS-3465 - Massachusetts Landings, August 1963, 9 pp. Relative to Size of Spawning Bed Materials, by Wil- CFS-3466 - South Carolina Landings, February 1964, liam J, McNeil and W. H. Ahnell, 20 pp., illus., Jan- 3 pp. uary 1964. CFS-3467 - Oregon Landings, 1963 Annual Summary, 2 pp. CFS-3469 - California Landings, January 1964, 4 pp. SSR-Fish, No, 470 - The Segregation of Red Salmon in CFS-3470 - Frozen Fish Report, March 1964 (Prelimi- the Escapements to the Kvichak River System, Alas- nary), 2 pp. ka, by Howard Donald Smith, 25 pp., illus., January CFS-3471 - United States Fisheries, 1962 Annual Sum- 1964, mary, 16 pp. CFS-3472 - Massachusetts Landings, September 1963, SSR-Fish, No, 472 - Use of Plant Extracts in Serologi- 9 pp. cal Studies of Fish, by Fred M, Utter, George J. CFS-3473 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, November 1963, 22 Ridgway, and Harold O, Hodgins, 22 pp., illus., Feb- pp. ruary 1964, CFS-3474 -Maine Landings, 1963 Annual Summary (by months), 7 pp. Drip Formation in Fish, 1--A Review of Factors Af- CFS-3479 - Shrimp Landings, November 1963, 8 pp. = ett aeria by ba zid T. Miyauchi, 8 pp. (Reprinted CFS-3482 - Maine Landings, January 1964, 4 pp. fon tickers Industrial Research, vol, 2, no, 2, De- CFS-3485 - Massachusetts Landings, October 1963, 9 pp. cember 1963, pp. 13-20.) | CFS-3486 - Massachusetts Landings, November 1963, 9 pp. Inventory of.Oceanographic Data for the Western North CFS-3488 - Maryland Landings, February 1964, 3 pp. Smee and the Gulf of Mexico (oceanographic CFS-3497 - Maine Landings, February 1964, 4 pp. Station data, bathythermograph observations, and CFS-3501 - Breaded Shrimp, January-March 1964, 2 pp. sea-surface temperature observations), Circular 176, CFS-3500 - Fisheries of the United States, 1963 (A 41 pp., illus., December 1963, A compilation of Preliminary Review), 79 pp., illus., April 1964. charts. THE FOLLOWING REPRINTS FROM FISHERY BULLETIN, VOL. 63, Ni mse ae Contains detailed information on the United States catch of fish and shellfish, production of manufac- 1963, ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH tured fishery products, and foreign trade in fishery AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C, 20240. commodities. Data contained in the report reveal 94 Abundance, Age, and Fecundity of Shad, York River, Va., 1953-59, by Paul R. Nichols and William H. Massmann, pp. 179-187, illus., printed. Age, Growth, and Maturity of Round Whitefish of the Apostle Islands and Tele Ro ale Regions, Lake Su- perior, by Merryll M. Bailey, pp. 63-75, illus., printed, Age and Growth of the Whitefish in Lake Superior, by William R. Dryer, pp. 77-95, illus., printed, Cod Groups in the New England Area, by John P, Wise, Pp. 190-203, ahs printed. Comparison of Growth of Four Strains of Oysters Raised in Taylors Pond, Chatham, Mass., by William N. Shaw and James A, McCann, pp. 11-17, illus., printed, Development of a Mathematical Relationship between Electric-Field Parameters and the Mlectrical Char- acteristics of Fish, by Gerald FE, Monan and Derek E, Engstrom, pp. 123-136, illus., printed, Distinguishing Tuna Species by Immunochemical Meth- ods, Gs George J. tidewey pp. 205-211, illus., printed, Early Larval Stages of the Sea, XIPHOPENEUS KROY- ER (Heller), by William C. Renfro and Harry L. Cook, pp. 165-177, illus., printed. Effect of Fishway Slope on Performance and Biochem~ istry of Salmonids, by Gerald B, Collins andothers, pp. 321-353, illus., printed. Further Studies on FishWay Slope and Its Effect on Rate of Passage of Salmonids, by Joseph R. Gauley and rk S. Th Cla ~ Thompson, pp. 45-62, illus., printed. Herring Tagging Experiments in Southeastern Alaska, y Bernar inar Skud, pp. 19-32, illus., printed, Identification of New England Yellowtail Flounder Groups, by Fred . Lux, pp. 1-10, illus., printed, Influence of Water Velocity upon Orientation and Per- formance of Adult Miguating almonids, by Charles R. Weaver, pp. 97-121, illus., printed, Some Aspects of the Oceanography of Little Port Wal- ter Estuary, Baranof Island, Alaska, by Charles F. Powers, pp. 143-164, illus., printed. Theory on Development of Mounds Near Red Bluff, Calit, by Haro , Gangmark and F. Bruce San- ford, pp. 213-220, illus., printed, Use of Plant Hemagglutinins in Serological Studies of Ciupeoid Fishes, = Carl Sindermann, pp. 137-141, illus., printed. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U.S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES WYATT BLDG., SUITE 611, 777 14TH ST. NW., WASHINGTON, D. C. 20005. ? Number Title MNL - 7 - Mexican Fisheries, 1961-63, and First Quarter 1964, 6 pp. MNL - 23 - Fisheries of Chile, Part II and Part III - Central and South Chile, 1960-1962, 18 pp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 MNL-14 - United Kingdom's Fishing Industry, 1959- 1963, 40 pp. MNL-32 - Venezuelan Commercial Catch, Foreign Trade, and Major Developments for 1961- 1962, 17 pp. MNL-89 - Peru: Fish Meal and Oil Report, 1963, 8 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ART - CLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISH- ERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BOX 3830, HONOLULU, HAWAI! 96812, On the hydrographic condition accelerating the skip- “7 daek"e con iward ovement across teint 10 Front, by Hideo Kawai and Minoru Sasaki, 22 pp., illus., processed, June 1963, limited distribution. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 20, March 1962, pp. 1-27.) Methods of identification for the young stages of tunas and spearfishes. II, by Shoji Ueyanagi and Hisaya Watanabe, pp., illus., processed, April 1964, limited distribution. (Translated from the Japanese, Materials for the Tuna Fisheries Research Council, Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, February 1964.) THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. California Fisheries, 1963, by V.J. Samson, 47 pp., illus., April 1964, (Market News Service, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 205, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) A review of 1963 trends and conditions in the California fisheries, including a summary of the sardine fishery during the 1963/64 season when landings were the lowest on record, Among the subjects discussed are the tuna industry and cannery receipts; ex-vessel tuna prices; canned tuna pack; and imports of canned and frozen tuna. Al- so covered are the fishing fleet developments; the anchovy fishery; and fish meal prices and markets. Included in the statistical tables are data on tuna and tunalike fish--canners' receipts, domestic landings, frozen imported tuna, and canned pack, 1961-63; sardine landings, pack, and meal and oil produced, 1962/63 and 1963/64 seasons; and the canners! re- ceipts and pack of mackerel and jack mackerel, 1961- 63. Also contains data on canners! receipts of raw materials and production of anchovies, herring, squid, and pet food; landings of fish and shellfish in the Eureka and San Pedro-Monica areas; imports of fishery products into Arizona and California Customs Districts, 1962-63; and whale fishery, 1961-63. An attractive cover showing the fishermen's Fiesta Time at the Port of Los Angeles enhances this year's report, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part | - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, March 1964, 14 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif, 90731.) California cannery receipts, of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari- zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for the month in- dicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, = fart meni infomnation; Maciel Gay Srapee ee July 1964 (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, P.O, Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego 6, Calif. 92100.) Contains sea-surface tem- peratures, fishing and research information of in- terest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated, Fishery Industrial Research, vol, 2, no. 2, December , 88 pp., illus., processed. (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D, C, 20240.) This is the third issue of a new periodical which is being published irregularly and which presents papers de- voted to research on problems of the fishing indus- try. This issue has: "Economic Factors Related to Lake Trout Quotas on Lake Superior, by Keith D. Brouillard; "Effect of Storage in Refrigerated Sea Water on Amino Acids and Other Components of Whiting (Merluccius bilinearis),"' by Edward H, Cohen and John A, Peters; “Drip Formation in Fish. I--A Review of Factors Affecting Drip,'' by David T. Miyauchi; "Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Sea Wa- ter,'' by Edward H, Cohen and John A, Peters; "Technological Investigations of Pond-Reared Fish, 1--Product Development from Buffalofish," by Leo J. Sullivan and Harry L. Seagran; and Bibliography of Publications--Division of Industrial Research, by Branch, Year, and Author, 1955-1961 Inclusive," by Virginia Whorley, Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, February and Marc 1964, 12 pp. eer (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm, 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La. 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat produc- tion; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connect- icut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Sunamasy ~-Naxeh 1964, 19 pp. (Market News Serv- ice, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York, N.Y. 10038.) Includes summaries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs dis- trict; primary wholesalers! selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; mar- keting trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; U. S. shrimp supply in- dicators; for the month indicated, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products tor Selected Areas and Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, April 1964, 7 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibutand salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Associa- tion of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by sched- uled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated, Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf Menhaden Landings and Production of Meal, Solu- bles, and Oil; and sponge sales; for the months indi- cated, Anglers!’ Guide to Sharks of the Northeastern United States, Maine to Chesapeake Bay, by John G, Casey, Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Circular 179, 34 pp., illus., printed, April 1964, 25 electe reas of Virginia, North Carolina, and cents, Maryland, April 1964, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U. = Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S, King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shell- fish and production of crab meat and shucked oys- ters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chin- coteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of At- "Dry Concentrates as Complete Trout Foods," by Arthur lantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with M. Phillips, Jr., Glen L. Hammer, and Earl A, Pyle, cumulative and comparative data on fishery prod- article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 26, no. ucts and shrimp production; for the month indicated, 1, January 1964, pp. 21-24, processed, single copy 25 cents. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, March “1964, 22 pp. (Market News Service, U. y Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports, Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish- ery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massa- chusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Prov- incetown, and: Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and "Comparison of Various Methods of Hemoglobin Deter- mination on Catfish Blood," by Howard N. Larsen, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol, 26, no. 1, January 1964, pp. 11-15, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents, "An Experimental Sea Lamprey Barrier,'' by Thomas M. Stauffer, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol, 26, no. 2, April 1964, pp. 80-83, illus., proc- essed, single copy 25 cents, "A Modified Scoop Trap for Sampling Downstream- Migrant Salmon in Turbid Glacial Rivers," by Wil- liam R. Meehan, article, The Progressive Fish-Cul- turist, vol. 26, no, 1, January 1964, pp. 42-46, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents, 96 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILD- LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ALGAE: "Algae, The Pondowners Scummy Scourge," by H.D. Kelly, article, Alabama Conservation, vol. XXXIV, no. 1, December 1963-January 1964, pp. 14-16, illus, printed. Alabama Department of Conservation, 64N. Union St., Montgomery 4, Ala. AMINO ACIDS: "Fish and Fish Products. Part IV--Evaluation of Certain Important Types of Fish for Their Valuable Constituents and Essential Amino Acids," by M. Qudrat-I-Khuda, Kh. M. Quddusur Rahman, and N. A. Khan, article, Scientific Researches, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1964, pp. 49-56, illus., printed. Hast Re- gional Laboratories of P.C.S.I.R., Mirpur Rd., Dha- mondi, Dacca-2, East Pakistan. ANCHOVY: "Experiencias sobre el Empleo de Anchoveta Fresca (Engraulis ringens) en la Alimentacion de Cerdos" Research on the Use of Fresh Anchovy--Engraulis nneens aan the Feeding of Hogs), by A. Bacigalupo and others, article, Anales Cientificos, vol. 1, no. 1, April-May-June 1963, pp. 18-39, illus., printed in Spanish with English summary. Universidad Agrar- ia, Departamento de Publicaciones, Apartado 456, Lima, Peru, ANTIBIOTICS: Problems in the Use of Antibiotic Dips for the Preser- vation of Fresh Atlantic Groundfish Fillets, by C. H. Castell and Jacqueline Dale, Bulletin No. 138, 70 pp., 1963, printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. ANTIOXIDANTS: "Nutritive Value of Marine Oils, Il--Effects of in Vivo Antioxidants in Feeding of Menhaden Oil to Swine," by J. EH. Oldfield, R.O. Sinnhuber, and A. A. Rasheed, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ So- ciety, vol. 40, August 1963, pp. 357-360, printed, | American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Ill. ARGENTINA: "Piscicultura del Pejerrey'' (Pond Culture of the Pej- errey), article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol. XI, no. 125, January 1964, p. 5, illus., printed in Spanish. Minis- terio de Asuntos Agrarios, Departamento de Publi- caciones, Ava. 51, no, 774, La Plata, Argentina. ARTIFICIAL REEFS: Artificial Habitat in the Marine Environment, by John G. Carlisle, Jr., Charles H. Turner, and Earl E. Ebert, Fish Bulletin 124, 94 pp., illus., printed. Documents Section, Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. A study of changes, causedby offshore drilling, in the habitat of marine fish dwelling in artificial reefs. Findings showed that those changes were generally beneficial to the fish and plants; and depositing washed drill cuttings on the bottom at those sites was neither del- eterious nor beneficial to the marine life in the area. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION: Coliform Contamination in Lobster Meat Traced to Cooler Construction, by John M. Graham, 3 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Canadian Fisheries Reports, no. 2, September 1963, pp. 25-27.) Fish Inspection Laboratory, Department of Fisheries of Canada, Shediac, N. B., Canada. BACTERIOLOGY: "Radiation-Resistant, Pigmented Coccus Isolated from Haddock Tissue,'' by Norman S, Davis, Gerald J. Silverman, and Edmund B. Masurovsky, article, Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 86, August 1963, pp. = , printed. Wiftiams and Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore 2, Md. BALTIC SEA: Changes in Commercial Fish Stocks in Baltic Sea un- ~ der Influence of Oceanologic Factors, USSR, by T.F. Dement'yeva, OTS 64-21653, 15 pp., illus. printed, February 26, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiya, vol. 3, no. 5, 1963.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20235. BARRACUDA: Systematics and Life History of the Great Barracuda, ~SPHYRAENA BARR UDA (Walbaum), by Donald P. DeSylva, Studies in Tropical Oceanography No. 1, 186 pp., illus., printed, October 1963, $2.50. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149. The great barracuda is found in all tropical seas, with the exception of the eastern Pacific Ocean, Poisoning in humans who have eaten fresh barracuda is due to a toxin in the meat and not from bacterial poisoning. In the west- ern Atlantic, poisonings have occurred throughout the year. There seems to be no relation between at- tainment of maturity or the spawning cycle and the poisonous nature of the flesh. Evidence is presented in this report for a food-chain origin of the toxin, and mechanisms are discussed for the transmission of the toxin from planktonic and benthic algae to barra- cuda by way of intermediate organisms. A summary of the 29 attacks reputedly made by these fish on hu- mans is presented and analyzed. BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG: Foreign Trade Regulations of Belgium-Luxembourg, y Robert H. Waiter, OBR 64-26, 12 pp., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) The Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) has followed a liberal, outward-looking trade policy, reflecting its heavy dependency on foreign markets and suppliers. Imports have been almost completely liberalized; i.e. admitted without quantita- tive restrictions, and items still restricted or sub- ject to licensing are for the most part liberally treat- ed. The report discusses trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documenta- tion, and labeling and marking requirements. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import trade controls, BLEU export controls, United States import and export controls, and diplomatic represen- tation between the two countries, BIOCHEMISTRY: "Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen in Salted Sar- dines,’ by C. Bibic, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. July 1964 58, April 29, 1963, 9558d, printed. American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D. C. Introduction to the Biochemistry of Foods, by J.B.S. raverman, 351 pp., printed, 1903, 70s. (about US$9.80). Elsevier Publishing Company, 52 Van- derbilt Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017, BRAZIL: Relatorio do Projeto, de Pesca Exploratoria na Costa de Santa Catarina, Janeiro-Fevereiro, 1963 (Report on the Exploratory Fishing Project along the Santa Catarina Coast, January-February 1963), 65 pp., illus., processed, 1964. Setor de Pesquisas, De- partamento Estadual de Caca e Pesca, Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Bra- zil. This is a report on an exploratory fishing proj- ect carried out by the State of Santa Catarina Fish and Game Department, with technical assistance from FAO, along the coast of that State in southern Brazil, between latitudes 26° S, and 29920! S., dur- ing January and February 1963. The vessel used was a small research vessel of 15 meters length, The otter trawl used was 12 meters long (with head- line of 24 meters, and footrope of 30 meters), made of cotton, with internal stretched mesh sizes from 10 centimeters in the foreparts to 58 millimeters in the cod end. Species trawled included sea bob, white shrimp (Penaeus schmitti), sharks, and flatfish, CANADA: The Commercial Fisheries of British Columbia, 100 pp., illus., processed, December 1963. Bureau of Economics and Statistics, Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce, Victoria, B.C., Canada, Provides a general survey of the fishing industry and relates the industry's markets, produc- tion, labor force, capital investment, and other ex- penditures to the provincial economy. The principal emphasis is on the following aspects of the industry rather than on species of fish, areas of catch, or conservation problems: markets; production; capi- tal investment and other expenditures; the labor force; and other aspects of the industry (including international relations and the role of government in the fisheries), While the most current statistics and information available are presented, the princi- pal years surveyed are 1960 and 1958. The general conclusion is that the industry is an important con- tributor to the provincial economy in terms of em- ployment, production, and investment. Fisheries Statistics of British Columbia, 1963 (Pre- liminary), 14 pp., processed, Apri 4, Canadian Department of Fisheries, Pacific Area, Economics Branch, 1155 Robson St., Vancouver 5, B.C., Cana- da, Discusses the total value of fish and fish prod- ucts produced in 1963 with an analysis of the de- crease in market value from the previous year; mar- keting by species, and landed and market value, 1950-63; canned pack, and production and utilization of salmon; and landings and value of herring and by- products, halibut, soles, crab and shrimp, and other species. Also covers fishing vessels, gear and equip- ment, and number of licensed fishermen. Includes statistical tables on landings and values by species and by years; landings and manufactured products; salmon pack, 1963; and other similar data. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 Fisheries Statistics of Canada 1961 (Canada Sum- mary), vol. 1, part 3A, March 1964, 60 pp., printed in French and English, 75 Canadian cents, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Cana- da. This report provides a summary of the Canadian fisheries, arranged to show separately the three main fisheries--Atlantic, Pacific, and Inland. Also con- tains statistical tables on landings, quantity, and val- ue by species and provinces; value of exports and imports of fish and fishery products; employment in the primary industry; Canadian lobster pack; British Columbia salmon pack; and fishing bounties paid to vessels and boats. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, no. 2, March 1964, 214 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$2. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Contains, among others, these articles: ''Winter Cod Taggings off Cape Bret- on and on Offshore Nova Scotia Banks, 1959-62," by W.R. Martin and Yves Jean; "Variability in Paper Electrophoretic Patterns of the Serum of Landlocked Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus," by M. L. H. Thomas and H.R. McCrimmon; "Structural Homogeneity in Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Marine Lipids. A Review," by R.G. Ackman, "Changes in Glycogen and Lactate Levels in Migrating Salmonid Fishes Ascending Experimental 'Endless' Fishways," by Anne R, Connor and others; ''Cod Liver Oil: Com- ponent Fatty Acids as Determined by Gas-Liquid Chromatography," by R. G. Ackman and R. D. Burgher; and "Observations on the Milky Condition in Some Pacific Coast Fishes,"' by Max Patashnik and Her- man 8. Groninger, Jr. Statistics on Salmon Sport Fishing in the Tidal Waters of British Columbia, 1963, 26 pp., ilfus., processed, March 31, 1964, Department of Fisheries of Canada, Pacific Area, 1155 Robson St., Vancouver 5, B. C., Canada. CANNING: "Canning Fresh-Water Fish. Part 3,'' by A. W. Lantz, article, Progress Reports of the Biological Station and the feenaaiocies Unit, No, 2, May 1961, pp. 37-47, printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technological Unit, Ontario, Canada. CHESAPEAKE BAY: Chesapeake Science, vol. 4, no. 4, December 1963, 62 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents, Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesa- peake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md, In- cludes, among others, these articles: 'Monogenetic Trematodes from Some Chesapeake Bay Fishes. Part I--The Superfamilies Capsaloidea Price, 1936 and Diclidophoroidia Price, 1936,"' by J. W. McMahon; "Summer Food of Juvenile American Shad in Virgin- ia Waters," by W. H. Massmann; and "Sport Fishing Survey of the Lower Potomac Estuary, 1959-1961," by C, M. Frisbie and D. E, Ritchie, Jr. CHILE: Foreign Trade Regulations of Chile, by William E. pruce, OBR ei. 8pp., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of InternationalCommerce, U.S, De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) A 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW report offering information to businessmen interest- ed in export-import trade with Chile. Discusses Chile's trade policy, import tariffsystem, sales and other internaltaxes, documentation and fees, and la- belingand marking requirements. Also covers spe- cial customs provisions, nontariffimporttrade con- trols, Chile's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation be- tween the two countries. CHLORTETRACYCLINE: "Method for Chlortetracycline Determination in Fish," by G. B. Dubrova and Yu. I. Rubinshtein, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11614e printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. CHOLESTEROL: "A Comparison of the Effects of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Cuttlefish Liver Oil and Cottonseed Oil on Cholesterol Metabolism," by T. Kaneda and R.B. Alfin-Slater, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 40, August 1963, pp. 336- 338, printed. American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago 1, Il. COLOMBIA: "Cinco Especies de Peces se Han Escogido para una Campatia"’ (Five Species of Fish Have BeenSelected for a Campaign), article, El Tiempo (Bogota), May 1, 1964, p. 34, printed in Spanish. E} Tiempo, Bogota, Colombia. (A limited number of copies of a trans- lation are available from Social Projects Depart- ment, American Institute for Free Labor Develop- ment, 1925 K St. NW., Suite 406, Washington, D.C. 20006.) Discusses the proposed fresh-water fish- culture program in Colombia; the five species of both temperate zone and tropical-type fish chosen for culture; and the projected establishment of a Pisciculture Institute at Buga. The purpose of the program is the ultimate establishment of fish ponds throughout Colombia and their production of supple- mental protein for the national diet. CUBA: World Trade with Cuba, 1961-62, OBR 64-41, 4 pp., processed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Inter- national Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) This spe- cial report presents statistics on free-world and Sino-Soviet bloc trade with Cuba. The statistical tables show: the value of this trade as reported by Cuba's trading partners, 1961-62; a historical series of data through 1960, based on Cuban statistics; and tabulations made from official foreign trade publi- cations of the free-world countries. ECUADOR: Foreign Trade Regulations of Ecuador, by Gary D. Adams, OBR 64-28, 8 pp., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S.De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Current import policy, although still largely oriented toward revenue collection, is also designed to help stimulate Ecuadoran industry and agriculture, to discourage contraband imports, and to preserve for- eign exchange for the importation of items consider- ed essential for national economic well-being, The Vol. 26, No. 7 report includes information on Ecuador's import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, docu- mentation and feés, and labeling and marking-re- quirements. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import trade controls, Ecuador's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation between the two countries. EDUCATION: Bulletin, Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1964-1965, vol. 38, no. 7, February Toa, 30 pp., illus., printed. University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. Describes graduate degrees and courses offered in fisheries, marine biology, and oceanogra- phy under the Department of Marine Science. ENZYMES: "Glycolytic Enzymes in the Tissues of a Salmonoid Fish (Salmo airdnerii gairdnerii), by Robert A. MacLeod, R.E.E. Jonas, and E. Roberts, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol, 41, September 1963, pp. 1974-1981, ariited: Na- tional Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. "Studies on Proteolytic Enzyme of Liver of King Crab, Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius). I--Isolation of the Crystalline Enzyme," by Tsuneyuki Saito, and others, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, October 1962, pp. 1015-1019, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION: The European Free Trade Association--Today and Tomorrow, 49 pp., illus., printed, January 1964, $3. McGraw-Hill, Inc., TMIS Annex, 351 W. 41st St., New York, N. Y. In 5 main sections this report ex- amines the development of EF TA; organizational matters; policy; markets and trade patterns in the EFTA area; EFTA and the 1964 Kennedy Round of tariff negotiations; and other matters essential to an understanding of the Association. FARM PONDS: "Use and Value of Farm Ponds," article, The Tennes- see Conservationist, vol. XXX, no. 4, April 1964, pp. , 22, illus., printed. The Tennessee Conserva- tionist, 264 Cordell Hull Bldg., 436 Sixth Ave. N., Nashville Tenn. A fishpond can be a delightful part of a farm, according to the author. A good pond makes use of the land; provides water for livestock, fire protection, and recreation; and when properly managed it can be an extra source of income to the owners. FATTY ACIDS: "Incorporation of Linolenic-1,14 Acid into Hicosa- pentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Fish," by Mitsu;Kayama, and others, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 40, September 1963, pp. 499-502, printed. American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Il. "A Study of the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of the Ethel Esters of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Cod Liver Oil in the Chicken. I--Effect on Total Serum Cholesterol; Il--Effect on Serum and Tissue Cholesterol and Aortic and Coronary Atherosclero- sis,'' by Samuel G. Kahn and others, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 80, August 1963, pp. 403-413, July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa, FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Cumulative Pocket melt to Code of Federal Regulations, Title , Wildlife and Fisheries (as of January 1, 1964), 126 pp., printed, 1964, 50 cents. Federal Register Office, General Services Adminis- tration, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D, C. 20402.) FISH BEHAVIOR: "The Schooling of Fishes,'' by E. Shaw, article, Scien- tific American, vol, 206, no. 6, 1962, pp. 128-134, 137-138, printed. Scientific American Inc, 415 Madison Ave., New York 17, N.Y. FISH BLOOD: "Studies on the Auto-Oxidation Velocity of Fish Myo- globin,"' by Fumio Matsuura, and others, Bulletin oe the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. "i February 1962, pp. bOT-ST6- printed. Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISHERY REGULATION: "Optimization and Suboptimization in Fishery Regula- tion," by Ralph Turvey, article, The American Eco- nomic Review, vol. LIV, no. 2, Part I, March 1964, pp. 64-76, illus., printed, single copy $2. The Amer- ican Economic Review, Stanford University, Stan- ford, Calif. 94305. The purpose of this article is to show that fishery regulation is one of those spheres of economic policy where what is the best thing to do depends on what can be done, This is usually illustrated by the analogy that, if one wants to climb as high as possible but cannot climb all the way up the highest mountain, the best thing to do may be to walk in the opposite direction and climb to the top of a lower one. If the highest mountain is to be climbed, then regulation must extend not only to the scope of the problem but to the mode of operation as well, FISHERY RESEARCH: Research in Fisheries, 1963, edited by Ted S, Y. Koo, Contribution No, 166, 79 pp., illus., printed, March 1964, Research in Fisheries, University of Wash- ington, Fisheries Center, Seattle, Wash. 98105, Pre- sents papers on Alaska salmon studies, other fish projects, ecology and taxonomy, shellfish, food sci- ence, and related subjects. FISH FAT: "On the Structure of the Depot Fats of Marine Fish and Mammals," by H, Brockerhoff and R. J. Hoyle, article, Archiwes of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 102, September > PP. -455, printed, Aca- demic Prgss Inc, 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y. FISH FOOD: "Revolution in Fish Diets,'' by Keen Buss, article, The Bal vol, 33, no. 5, May 1964, pp. 16-17, print- ed, single copy 40 cents. The Aquarium Publishing Co., Box 832, Norristown, Pa. 19404, FISH MEAL: Azeotrophic Method of Obtaining Fish Meal, USSR, by Yus5; ee OTS Ba-3108, 10 pp., printed, Feb- ruary 29, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'- skogo Instituta Morsgoko bgono Khozyastva i Okea- nografii, vol. 45, Toes) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20235. FISH MUSCLE: "Studies on Bound Water in Fish Muscle," by Minoru Akiba, article, Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, vol. 9, no. 2, 1961, pp. 85-179, Saree “Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. FISH OILS: "The Oxidation of a Highly Unsaturated Herring Oil," by Harald Astrup, article, Chemistry and Industry, January 18, 1964, pp. 107-108, printed. Society o the Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. FREEZING: "Air Blast Freezing of Kippers,"' by J. Graham and J.H. Merritt, article, Modern Refrigeration, vol. 66, September 1963, pp. 837-840, 862, printed. Refriger- ation Press Ltd. Maclaren House, 131 Great Suf- folk Street, London, SE1, England. FUR SEALS: "The Return of the Antarctic Fur Seal," by Fergus O'Gorman, article, New Scientist, vol. 20, no. 365, November 14, 1963, pp. 374-376, illus., printed, sin- gle copy 1s. (about 15 U.S. cents). Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London W€1, England. The Antarctic fur seal's reappearance on the South Georgia, South Orkney, South Shetland, and South Sandwich Islands provides an example of a population recovery, since the species was almost wiped out by sealers in the last century, Today, there are atleast 20,000 individuals on one island and they will doubt- less be harvested again--after scientific study. GAR: "The Longnose Gar,'' by Norvel Netsch, article, The Tennessee Conservationist, vol. XXX, no. 4, April 1964, pp. 14, 22, illus., printed. The Tennessee Con- servationist, 264 Cordell Hull Bldg., 436 Sixth Ave. N., Nashville, Tenn, GEAR: "Shock Absorber for Driftnet Warp,'' by V. B, Fersht- man, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 2, 1962, pp. 36-42, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Informationen fur die Fischwirtschaft, vol, 10, no. 6, 1963, 39 pp., illus., processed in German, Bundes- forschungsanstalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg-Altona 1, Palmaille 9, Germany, Contains, among others, these articles: ''FFS 'Walther Herwig' von Erster Fors- chungsfahrt Zuruck" (The Walther Herwig Has Just Returned from Her First Research Trip); ''Fischerei auf den Bankhering in der Nordsee 1963" (Fisheries of Bank-Herring in the North Sea in 1963); "Herings- fischerei der USSR in der Nordsee" (Herring Fish- eries of the U.S.S.R. in the North Sea); and ''Die Thunfischerei in Deutscher Sicht"’ (German Outlook on Tuna Fishery). 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 GHANA: Establishing a Business in Ghana, by Evelyn M. Sch- ee ne. -12, 8 pp., printed, February 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) A report of help to businessmen consider- ing an investment in Ghanaian industry. The Capital Investments Act 1963 aims to encourage foreign pri- vate investment by providing incentives, such as tax exemptions, and by guaranteeing the repatriation of profits and capital. The report discusses govern- ment policy on private foreign investment; entry, remittance, and repatriation of capital; and trade factors--tariff and trade concessions, and advan- tage of location in Ghana. Also covers business or- ganization, laws and regulations affecting employ- ment, and cost factors. GULF AND CARIBBEAN: Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 14, no. 1, March 1964, 187 pp., illus., printed, single copy $2. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, Fla. Includes, among others, article on: "Observations on Burrowing Behavior of the Pink Shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, Burkenroad," by Charles M. Fuss; “Single File Migration of the Spiny Lob- ster, Panulirus argus (Latreille),"" by William F. Herrnkind and William C. Cummings; and "Enoplo- teuthis anapsis, a New Species of Enoploteuthid Squid “TORS STES Oegopsida) from the Atlantic Ocean," by Clyde F. E. Roper. HONDURAS: Foreign Trade Regulations of Honduras, OBR 64-21, 8 pp., printed, February 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D.C.) Present Honduran trade policy is intended to implement the Central Ameri- can Common Market agreements. Although these agreements tend to be restrictive compared to past Honduran trade policy, simplified procedures andan expanding Central American market may make the overall trade picture favorable for U.S. exports. The report includes information on the Honduran system, sales and other internal taxes, documenta- tion and fees, and labeling and marking require- ments. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import trade controls, Honduras' export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation between the two countries. INDIA: The Wealth of India. Raw Materials 4, Supplement: “Fish and Fisheries, 132 pp., printed, Toes: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES CONVENTION: International Fisheries Convention of 1946, The Per- manent Commission, Report by the President on the Eleventh Meeting, 29 pp., processed in French and _ English, 1964. Office of the Permanent Commission, Rm, 620, East Block, Whitehall Pl., London SW1, England. Includes a report by the President on the Eleventh Meeting of the Permanent Commission, held in London, May 1963; a list of names of dele- gates, advisors, and observers attending the meeting; and the agenda. Also presents a report by the Finance Committee; and a press notice issued after the Eleyv- enth Meeting. ISRAEL: Foreign Trade eS of Israel, OBR 64-30, 8 pp. printed, March 5 cents. Bureau of Interna- tional Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D.C. 20402.) Israel uses its trade policy to further its developing economy by assigning the high- est priority to imports of foods, industrial raw ma- terials, machinery, and such other products as are considered economic necessities. The report dis- cusses Israel's import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. Also covers special cus- toms provisions, nontariff import trade controls, Israel's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation between the two countries. ITALY: Bolletino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, vol. XVII, no. 2, July-December 1962, 133 pp., illus., printed in Italian with French and English summaries, single copy L. 600 (about 95 U.S. cents). Laborato- rio Centrale di Idrobiologia, Piazza Borghese, 91, Rome, Italy. Contains, among others, article on: "Studi sulla Biologio e Pesca di Xiphias gladius L." (Study on Biology and Fishery of Swordfish, Xiphias gladius L.), by Antonino Gavaliere; Osservazioni sul Ritmo di Accrescimento e sullo Sviluppo di Popo- lazioni di Trote (Salmo trutta fario L.)'' (Observa- tion on the Rate of Increase and Its Influence on the Population of Trout--Salmo trutta fario L.) and "Esperimenti di Allevamento di Trota Marmorata (Salmo marmoratus Cuv.)'' (Experiment in Rearing Marmorata Trout--Salmo marmoratus Cuv.). JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Univer- Sity, vol. 14, no. 2, Newist 1963, 86 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstracts and tables. Fac- ulty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Includes, among others, articles on: "Larvae and Young of the Whiting, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) from the North Pacific,” by K. Rotayashi "Freeze Vacuum Drying of Marine Products. I," by K. Kobayashi and S. Igarashi; ''Studies on Air Screen in Water. II-(1)," by S. Igarashi; "Lipids of Floun- der. Ill; IV," by H. Igarashi and others; "Studies on Spoilage of Fish Sausage. I; II," by E. Tanikawa, T. Motohiro, and M, Akiba. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Univer- Sity, vol. 14 no. 3, November 1963, 76 pp., illus., printed in English except as noted. Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Pre- sents, among others, article on: ''The Normal De- velopmental Stages of the Pond Smelt, Hypomesus olidus (Pallas), by Juro Yamada; ''Photosynthesis of a Natural Phytoplankton Population Mainly Com- posed of a Cold Diatom, Thalassiosira hyalina, in Hakodate Harbor, March i y Shigeru Motoda and others; ''On the Effects of Environmental Factors upon the Reproduction of Fishes," by Hiroshi Yos- hioka; "Devices of Simple Plankton Apparatus. II,” July 1964 by Sigeru Motoda; ''Freeze Vacuum Drying of Ma- rine Products. II," by Kiichiro Kobayashi and Shuzo Igarashi (in Japanese with English abstract); "Studies on Complete Utilization of Squid (Ommastrephes sloani pacificus), XIX,'' by Eiichi Tanikawa, Akiba Minoru, and Terushige Motohiro (Japanese with Eng- lish abstract); ''Likes and Dislikes of Fish Meat. Part 1-By Some Americans," by Keiichi Oishi and Ayako Okumura (Japanese with English abstract). Kaigai Gyogyo (Overseas Fisheries), no. 16, 1964, 51 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. International Fish- eries Co-Operative Organization, 3 Banchi, 2 Chome, Saiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes the following articles: ''Establishment of an Overseas Fisheries Policy," by K. Nakatani; "International Problems Facing the Tuna Industry,'' by A. Taka- shiba; "A Visit to the Cook Islands," by N. Sumida; "Present Condition of Overseas Fisheries;" 'Over- seas Advancement of the Japanese Coastal and Off- shore Fisheries," by Y. Ikeda; ''Foreign Private Capital Investment Structure of Developing Nations;" and "Tanganyika Fisheries Survey Report." Yearbook of Fisheries--1963, No, 10, 910 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, May 15, 1963, 1,700 yen (about US$2.) Suisan Sha, 8, San'ei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, This report covers the period July 1961 through December 1962. Includes sections on fish- ery legislation and administration; fishery products production--whaling, salmon and trout industries, mothership crab operations, bonito and tuna fishing, the saury fishery, and other important fisheries; and economics of the fishery industries--prices, trans- portation, consumption, foreign trade, labor, and patents issued, Also covers management--capitali- zation, cooperatives, unions, and trade associations; and international relations--commissions and con- ventions, Japan's overseas fisheries, and world fish- ing industries. Presents many statistical tables showing data on landings of whales, marine and fresh-water fish, and processed products; number of fishermen; quantity of fishery products purchased per family in rural and in urban areas; quantity of exports of fresh and frozen, dried and smoked, and canned fish; amount of capital invested in the fishing industries; and other related information, KOREA: Bulletin of Fisheries College, Pusan National Univer- sity, vol. V, no. I, Seniene! 1963, 76 pp., illus., printed in Korean with English abstracts, Fisheries College, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea. Contains, among others, these articles: ''On Some Trematodes Whose Intermediate Hostsare Brackish Water Fishes, II--The Life History of Eygisiopsis summus, the Intermediate Host of Which is Mugil cephalus,"' by Seh Kyu Chun; ''On the Development of a Freshwater Snail, Parafossaralus manchouricus Bourguigant;" ''Food Preservation by Ionizing Radi- ations. I--The Combined Effects of Ionizing Radia- tion and Smoking on Fish Meat Preservation, and IlI--Preservation of the Dried Laver,'' by Byung Sun Chung; "On the Preservation of Korean Fish-Cake Products. I--On the Preservative Effects by Food Preservatives,'' by Wi Kyung Choi; and "An Example of Raising Korean Catfish Parasilurus asotus (Linne) in a Small Pond," by In Bae Kim. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 LOUISIANA: Louisiana Fishery: The Coastal Marshes, by Larry H. Ogren, Wildlife Education Bulletin No. 35, 7 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Louisiana Conser- vationist, April 1962.) Louisiana Wild Life and Fish- eries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. Discusses estua- rine biology and the fishery for brackish-water fish in Louisiana. MARINE ALGAE: Evaluation of Certain Marine Algal Flagellates for Mass Culture, by Richard W. Eppley, OT -10364, 15 pp., processed, November 1963, $1.60. Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. Research on the Chemical Composition and Digesti- bility of Algal Cell Walls, by Milton J. Becker and an M. Shefner, OTS 63-10066, 28 pp., processed, November 1963, $1. Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. MECHANICAL DRYING: "Drying Fish Quickly Without Cooking It," article, New Scientist, vol. 19, September 5, 1963, p. 490, printed. Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WCl, England. MISCELLANEOUS: Fisheries as a Profession, 5 pp., processed, Septem- ber 1, 1963. Division of Salt Water Fisheries, Flori- da Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Talla- hassee, Fla. Discusses briefly the importance of the fishery resource, educational requirements for work in fisheries biology and related fields, and types of work in those fields. Also covers personal require- ments, salaries, benefits, and opportunities for em- ployment. NERVOUS SYSTEM: The following processed reports are for sale by the Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C. 20230, at 50 cents a copy. Chemoreception in Crustaceans, Report No. 1: Vari- ability in the Chemoreception of Amphipods (GAM-_ MARUS LOCUSTA and a LACUSTRIS), by A. N. Zu- bov, OTS 63-11164, 8 pp. illus., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trud Murmanskogo Morskogo Biologicheskogo Instituta, vol. 6, no, 2, 1 » pp. 45-355) Role of the Receptors of the Body Surface in the Mech- anism of the Reaction of Fish to Electric Currents, by N. V. Bodrova and B. V. Krayukhin, OTS 63-11111, 8 pp., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trud Instituta Biologii Vodokhranilishch, vol. 6, no. 3, 1960, pp. 266-272.) NETHERLANDS: Foreign Trade Regulations of the Netherlands, by Ann P. Brosnan, O -31, 8 pp., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) 102 Because of the importance of foreign trade to the country's economy, the Netherlands has been tradi- tionally in favor of the greatest possible elimination of trade barriers. This report discusses the import tariff system, sales and other internal tax, documen- tation and fees, and special customs provisions. Al- so covers nontariff import trade controls, Nether- lands' export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and government representation between the two countries. NEVADA: Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada, by Ira La Rivers, 782 pp., illus., printed, 1962, distribution limited. Nevada Fish and Game Commission, Box 678, Reno, Nev. NORWAY: Fiskeriene i Norge; Okonomi og Politikk (The Fish- eries in Norway; Economics and Politics), by Ger- hard Meidell Gerhardsen, 192 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Kr. 38.50 (about US$5.40). Olso University Press, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway. The ear- ly chapters of this book cover the background and problems of the Norwegian fisheries; natural re- sources; fishermen and their equipment; and profit- ability and regulation of the industry. Later chap- ters discuss landings and ex-vessel prices; proc- essing and exporting of fish; government fishery institutions and administration; and related informa- tion. NUTRITION: Let the Sea Nourish Your Health, by Earl Ubell, 4pp., “illus., printed. (Reprinted from House Beautiful, June 1963.) Hearts Corp., 572 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022. OCEANOGRAPHY: Explorers of the Sea. Famous Oceanographic Expe- ditions, by Muriel L. Guberlet, 234pp., = print- ed, 1964, $4.50. Ronald Press, 15 E. 26th St., New York 10, N.Y. International Indian Ocean Expedition Newsletter, Indfa, no. 3, December 1963, I: pp., printed. The Indian National Committee on Oceanic Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, B-7, Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi-16, India. National Oceanographic Program, Fiscal Year 1965, TCO Pamphlet No. 15, 54 pp., printed, March 1964. Interagency Committee on Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research, Rm, 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, D.C . 20360. Outlines a coordi- nated plan for the accomplishment of national goals while pursuing individual agency missions. Part I, a summary of the Fiscal Year 1965 National Ocean- Ographic Program, discusses oceanic research to meet National goals; 1965 plans and budgets; inter- pretation of the 1965 budget; program management; problems and emerging issues; and other related topics. Part IIl,areview of the Program and its cost, covers oceanographic effort--international oceano- graphic programs, and National services and facili- ties in oceanographic sciences; oceanographic re- sources--ships, instrumentation, and manpower and training; and the National budget for oceanography in detail. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 Progress in Oceanography, vol, 1, edited by Mary Sears, 391 pp., illus., printed, 1963, $15. Pergamon Press, 122 E. 55th St., New York 22, N.Y. Includes 5 papers: 'Geological investigation of near-shore sand-transport," by E. Seibold; "Electrification of the atmosphere," by D.C. Blanchard; ''Suspended or- ganic matter in sea water,'' by T. R. Parsons; ''The salinity problem," by R. A. Cox; and ''Gulf stream 160," by F.C. Fuglister. Recent Oceanographic Expeditions, USSR, OTS 64- 21588, 59 pp., illus., printed, February 18, 1964, $1.50. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiya, vol. 3, no. 3, 1963.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20235.) Role of Marine Fungiinthe Biochemistry of the Oceans. ll--Effect of Glucose, Inorganic Nitrogen, and Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane on Growth and pH Gian in Synthetic Media, by Peter L. Sguros and Jacqueline Simms, Contribution No. 491, 14 pp., illus, printed. (Reprinted from Myseies vol, LV, no. 6, November-December 1963, pp. 728-741.) Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. PERU: "Contribucion al Conocimiento de la Zona de Littorina en la Costa Peruana" (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Shallow-Water Zone of the Peruvian Coast), by M. Vegas V., article, Anales Cientificos, vol. 1, no, 2, July-August-September 1963, pp. 174-193, illus., printed in Spanish with English summary, sin- gle copy $2. Universidad Agraria, Departamento de Publicaciones, Apartado 456, Lima, Peru. PHYSIOLOGY: Investigation into the Mode of Action of the Lateral Line System of Fish, by E.E. Sucklin and J. A. Suck- lin, O -11018, 11 pp., processed, January 8, 1964, $1.10. Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. Studies in Gas Metabolism of Cold-Blooded Animals and Migrations and Radioactivity of Certain Marine Animals, USSR, OT -21592, 56 pp., illus., printed, February 18, 1964, $1.50. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, November 1963.) Of- fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C. 20235. PLANKTON: Feeding of Zooplankton, with Special Reference to ome Experiments with SAGIETA. by M.R. Reeve, Contribution No. 510, 4pp., printed. (Reprinted from Nature, vol, 201, no. 4915, January 11, 1964, pp. 211-213.) Marine Laboratory, Institute of Ma- rine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. PRESERVATIVES: "Effect of Preservatives on Ripening and Keeping Qualities," by L.S. Levieva and S.I. Ivanova, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, July 22, 1963, 2097g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. PROCESSING: "Recent Advances in Fish Processing Technology," by R. Spencer and R. B. Hughes, article, Food Manufac- July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. ture, vol. 38, August 1963, pp. 407-412, printed. Leonard Hill, Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden Street, London NW1, England. RADIATION: "Schistosomiasis: Age of Snails and Susceptibility to X-irradiation," by Alina Perlowagora Szumlewicz, article, Science, vol. 144, no. 3616, April 17, 1964, pp. 302-303, printed, single copy 35 cents. Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. RESEARCH VESSEL: A Report on the Conversion of U.S. Army T-Boat ~ 437 to an Oceanographic Research Vessel, by James Gibbons, OTS EULER 25 pp., processed, Novem- ber 1963, $2.60. Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230, ROUGH FISH: Experimental Crappie Removal; Final Report. by James P. Carter, 18 pp., printed, 1963. Division of Fisheries, Department of Fish and Wildlife Re- sources, New State Office Bldg., Frankfort, Ky. SALMON: Atlantic Salmon Journal, no, 1, March 1964, 39 pp., Illus., printed. Atlantic Salmon Association, 1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada, Contains, among others, articles on: ''Salmon Spawning Channel," by J.J. Quigley; "The Atlantic Salmon Commercial Fishery; and "Moving Forward in Salmon Conser- vation,’ by H. J.. Robichaud. Cyclic Dominance in Adams River Sockeye Salmon, = F. J. Ward and P.A. Larkin, Progress Report No. 11, 120 pp., illus., processed, 1964. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New West- minster, B. C., Canada. "Scientists Probe Celebrated Salmon Enigma," article, Trade News, vol. 16, no. 9, March 1964, pp. 3-4, illus., processed, Information and Consumer Serv- ice, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Both Canadi- an and United States fisheries scientists are inter- ested in finding out why all five species of Pacific salmon spawn only once and die shortly afterwards; while Atlantic salmon frequently survive, return to - salt-water, and come back again to fresh-water Spawning grounds. Halifax, Nova Scotiaresearchers are trying to provide an answer. Survey of Chinook Salmon Spawning Grounds in the Up- er Salmon River Drainage, 1962, by Ted Bjornn, ion Corley, and Jerry Matiet- 41 pp., illus., printed, 1963, Fisheries Division, Idaho Fish and Game, Commission, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho. "Trolling for Pacific Salmon," article, Trade News, vol, 16, no. 9, March 1964, pp. 7-9, illus., processed. Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. A pictorial story of the British Columbia salmon industry. SHARKS: Sharks of the Family Lamnidae, by G. Brooke Farqu- har, Translation No: , 16 pp., printed, April 1963, 30 cents. U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Wash- ington, D.C. 20390, SHRIMP: "Los Camarones Comerciales de la Familia Penaei- dae de la Costa Atlantica de America del Sur: Clave para el Reconocimiento de las Especies y Datos Bio- ecologicos"” (The Commercial Shrimp of the Family Penaeidae of the Atlantic Coast of South America: Key to the Recognition of the Species and Bioecolog- ical Data), by Enrique E. Boschi, article, Boletin del Instituto de Biologia Marina, no, 3, February 1963, pp. 1-39, ilus., printed in Spanish. Instituto de Bio- s0gia Marina, Universidades Nacionales de Buenos Aires, La Plata y del Sur, Mar del Plata, Argentina. "Greatest Shrimping Grounds in Western Hemisphere," article, The Fish Boat, vol. 9, no. 3, March 1964, pp. 69-139, ilfus., printed, single copy 50 cents. H. L. Peace Publications, 624 Gravier St., New Orleans 12, La. A group of articles devoted to the new shrimp- ing grounds off northern South America--Barbados, Paramaribo, St. Laurent, Cayenne, and Georgetown, Includes individual articles on: "U.S. 'Know-How' is Building Greatest Shrimp Fishery in the Western Hemisphere--75,000 Square Miles;" 'Deep-Water Harbor, Modern Facilities Aid Newest Bid for Shrimp Business;" "Top Builder; Mr. Standardized Fleet;" and "British Guiana: Marketing 'Know-How,' Stand- ardization Are Major Keys to Continuing Growth," Also presents articles about: "Dutch Guiana: Pio- neer in New Fisheries Has Outstanding Plant and Fa- cilities; "Surinam and French Guiana Plants Boast Modern Freezing Equipment;" ''French Guidna: New Plants and Fleets Being Readied in Expansion: Pro- gram; Henderson Goes from Tangled Jungle to Elab- orate Plant in Single Year;" ''Will Fisheries Pro- vide the Basis for Economic Revolution to the South ?' by David B. Lord; "Trawlers with Many Novel Fea- tures Joins French Guiana Shrimp Fleet;"' andothers. "Management of Marine Resources: Hydrography," by T. B. Ford, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 16, nos. 5 and 6, May-June 1964, pp. 20-22, illus., printed, Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Com- mission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La, 70130. With an understanding of various water conditions in the coastal areas, Louisiana researchers expect to be able to predict in advance production trends for the shrimp industry, determine causes of erratic changes in populations, and develop sound management practices for the commercially important shrimp species. "Succulent Shrimp," by George Allen, article, Alabama Conservation, vol. XXXIV, no, 1, December 1 ~ anuary , pp. 17-19, illus., printed, Alabama Department of Conservation, 64 N. Union St., Mont- gomery 4, Ala. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Accounting and Financial Data for Small Retailers, by Homer A, Brown and Alva A. Cummings, Manage- ment Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1964, Small Business Administration, Washington, D, C, 20416. An accounting system for small retailers should provide, among other things, a means of: re- cording all transactions of the business; safeguarding the business from errors and fraud; and controlling operations, Good accounting records are the basis for many analyses that can be helpful in interpreting the results of past opertations and in planning for the 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. future. The value of the analyses, however, depends on proper application of their results. Export Marketing for Smaller Firms, 101 pp., proc- essed, May 1963, 50 cents. Small Business Admin- istration, Washington, D.C. 20416. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) With the Owner or manager of a small firm lies the ultimate responsibility for the decision to commit his firm's resources toward the seareh for profits in foreign markets. The successful exploitation of overseas opportunities requires good business planning and judgment coupled with accurate and up-to-date facts about the overseas enviroment, This report covers these topics: Measuring Your Export Potential;" "Selection of an Attractive Market for Detailed Anal- ysis;"' "Detailed Evaluation of Markets and Re- quirements for Successful Exporting;"' and ''Channels of Distribution," Financial Facts which Lenders Require, by Selwin E. Price, Management Aids for Small M anufacturers 164, 4 pp., processed, May 1964. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. This leaf- let discusses the various kinds of financial facts which lenders require of prospective borrowers when considering a loan. The lending officer bases his judgment upon: (1) The type and nature of busi- ness collateral such as accounts receivable and inventory; (2) the company's audited financial state- ments; (3) the company's sales and cash projec- tions; and (4) the company's operating and financial ratios. He also needs additional information so he can keep abreast of the company's progress during the life of the loan. Financing Problems of Small Manufacturers, by Sey- mour Friedland, William A. Dymaza, and Thomas Moranian, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C, 20416, A summary of a report on financing problems of small producers, Findings of the report identify the basic problem of small-busi- ness financing as low net worth resulting from low profitability. The report suggests that more of the resources available for helping small business be applied to this problem. Areas recommended for consideration include counseling of small-business managers, redesigning of some control techniques for small-scale operations, and a mutual fund to facilitate stock financing by small firms. Keeping Machines and Operators Productive, by How- ard Pyle, Management Tid for Small Manufacturers 162, 4 pp., processed, April 1964. Small Business Administration, Washington, D, C. 20416, Plant safety pointers for owner-operators are offered in this leaflet. Points out that false attitudes of super- visors and employers can hamper the owner-man- ager's accident prevention efforts. Describes the kinds of moving parts of machinery which should be guarded and suggests kinds of guards that can be used to prevent injuries, Sources of help which the Owner-manager may find useful in setting up a ma- chine guarding program are also listed, SMOKING: "Pretreatment for Smoking Oily Fish," by Minoru Fujii and others, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58, May 27, 1963, 11899b, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton 6, D, C, i SPAIN: "Asturias y el Mar en la Estadistica de 1963" (As- turias and the Sea in the 1963 Statistics), by Daniel Arbesu, article, Puntal, vol. XI, no. 119, February 1964, pp. 23-24, printed in Spanish. Puntal, Aparta- do de Correos 316, Alicante, Spain. “Espana, Primer Pais Pesquero de Europa" (Spain, First Fishery Country of Europe), by Fandino, arti- cle, Puntal, vol. XI, no. 119, February 1964, pp. 2-3, illus., printed in Spanish, Puntal, Apartado de Cor- reos 316, Alicante, Spain. "La Industria Espanola de Conservas de Pescado”’ (The Spanish Fish Canning Industry), by Antonio Al- fageme del Busto, article, Informacion Conservera, vol, XI, no, 111-112, March-April 1964, pp. 67-70, printed in Spanish, single copy 60 Ptas. (US$1). In- formacion Conservera, Colon, 62, Valencia, Spain. SPINY LOBSTER: "Spiny Lobster Industry in Southern Africa (An Eco- nomic Survey),'' by D. J. Soares-Rebelo, article, South African Journal of Science, vol. 60, no. 3, March 1964, pp. 81-87, printed, single copy 50 cents (about 70 U.S. cents). The South African Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, P.O. Box 6894, Johannesburg, South Africa Republic. Detailed in- formation is given on the thriving spiny lobster in- dustry of the Republic of South Africa and of the man- dated territory of South-West Africa. Spiny lobster fishing, production, exports, consumption, canning and processing, regulation, conservation measures, and economic significance in both those countries are discussed at length. STANDARDS: Standards and Requirements for Fish Handling, Proc- essing, Distribution, and Quality, by D.D. Tapiador and J. E. Carroz, Fisheries Report No. 9, 255 pp., processed, 1963. Fisheries Division, Food and Ag- riculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. The 11th FAO Conference endorsed under the regular pro- gram of the Fish Processing Section, Technology Branch, the preparation of a document on laws and regulations concerning fish handling, processing, distribution, and quality control. In addition, it is the aim of FAO, in launching the Freedom from Hun- ger Campaign, to encourage increased fish produc- tion; promote its greater availability; and widen dis- tribution by building up trade in fishery products and ensuring improvements in their quality. This report is essentially a study and digest of governmental codes, laws, and regulations. ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON: "St. Pierre et Miquelon Peut Produire du Poisson Surgele au Prix Internationale" (St. Pierre and Mi- quelon are Able to Produce Frozen Fish at the In- ternational Price), by H. Clarieaux, article, France Peche, no. 81, February 1964, pp. 19, 21-22, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. TRAWLERS: "Some Fundamentals for the Calculation of the Mo- tion of a Trawler with Trawl Gear,'' by H. Stengel, July 1964 article, Fischereiforschung, vol, 5, no. 3, 1962, pp. 10-14, printed in German, Institut fur Hochseefis- cherei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock-Marienehe, E, Germany. TUNA: "La Determinazione dell'Istamina nei Tonni del Golfo di Guinea" (The Determination of the Histamine in the Tuna of the Gulf of Guinea), by H. Plagnol and J.F. Aldrin, article, Industria Conserve, vol. XXXVI, no. 4, October-December 1963, pp. 321- 327, illus., printed in Italian, single copy L. 1,500 (about US$2.40), Industria Conserve, Viale Tanara 33, Parma, Italy. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. XII, no. 3, March 1964, 35 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents, Et ve Balik Kurumu G.M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes, among others, these articles: ''The Sponge. (Part II);"" "The Postmortem Changes in Turkish Sea-Water Fishes (Part I);"" and "Importance of Fisheries Production in the Food Economy of the World." Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. XU, no, 4, April 1964, 33 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents and abstracts, Et ve Balik Kurumu G,M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Is- tanbul, Turkey. Includes articles on: ''The Sponge. (Part III);" ''Fish Pump;" ''Basic Researches on the Development of Fishery in Turkish Fresh Waters, Lakes, and Dams. Part III;"' "Used Materials in Netting and New Products;"' "Israel's Sea Fisheries;" and ''The New Activities of Processing for the Aim of More Stability and Situation of High Fish Meal Production in the World." U.S.S.R.: Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 40, no. 3,March 1964, 96 pp., illus., printed in Russian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents), Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, article on: ''The Abundance of Herring in the Caspian Sea," by N. I. Kozhin; "Optimal Dos- age and Rational Use of Sperm during Insemination of Salmon Eggs," by V. Z. Trusov and L. M. Pash- kin; ''Arsenic as an Indicator of Sanitary and Hy- drobiological Conditions of Reservoirs in the Uk- rainean Steppe," by C, P. Fedii; "Improvement Made on the Production and Transport Refrigerator Kaliningrad," by A.G. Ionoy; "Production of Proc- essed Herring on the Floating Base Iokhannes Vares,"' by L. G. Visk; "Vibration Conveyers and the Transportation of Fish," by L.M. Stolin and A. Z. Umantsev; ''Mechanization of the Moving Cages in Smoking Houses," by G. E. Akhalkov and E, A. Shmul'ian; "New Types of Canned Fish Products: Fish and Vegetables Canned with Georgian-Type Sauces," by L. E. Tsuladze; ''The Determination of the Level of Mechanization of the Basic Production in Fishery Plants," by I. Mogilevskii and M. Shuva- lova; and "The Profile of a Mechanical Engineer Specialized in the Fishing Industry,"' by Iu. B. Iudo- vich, --Milan A. Kravanja Sakhalin Fishermen Initiate Socialist Competition to Increase Fish Catches, USSR, OTS 64-21597, 6pp., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 illus., printed, February 19, 1964, 50 cents, (Trans- lated from the Russian, Pravda, January 25, 1964.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 20235, "Sovjets Fiske i Stark Utveckling; Systematisk Forskn- ing Visar Vagen" (Strong Development in Soviet Fish- eries; Systematic Research Finds its Way), article, Svenska Vastkust Fiskaren, vol. 34, no, 5, March 1964, pp. 96-97, illus., printed in Swedish, Svenska Vastkustfiskarnas, Ekonomiutskottet Postbox 1014, Goteborg 4, Sweden. The following processed reports are for sale by the Of- fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C, 20230, at 50 cents a copy. Age of the Ob Whitefish (COREGONUS MUKSUN) and 63-11110, 7 pp., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 39, no, 10, 1960, pp. 1525-1530, Feeding and Food Relationships of Predatory Fishes in the Northern Part of the figisinak eservoir, by E.S, Zadul'skaya, OTS 63-11127, 57 pp., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Darvinskogo Gosudarstvennogo Zapovednika, no, 6, 1960, pp. 345- 405.) Effect of Temperature on the Embryonic Development of the Pike, the Blue Bream TARRAMIS BALLERUS L.) and the White Bream (BLICCA BJOERKNA L,), by V.M. Volodin, OTS 63-11124, 7 pp., illus., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Instituta Bio- logii Vodokhranilishch, vol. 3, no. 6, 1960, pp, 231- 31h) Sanitation Bacteriological Control Analyses in the Fish Preserving Industry, by Yu. A, Ravich-Shcherbo, OTS 63-11119, 4 pp., 1963, (Translated from the Russian, Voprosy Pitaniya (Morskva), vol, 19, no. 5, 1960, pp. 79-82.) Symposium on Problems Related to the Population Dy- namics of Commercial Animals, by G. B. Nikol'skii, OTS 63-11117, 4pp., 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 36, no. 11, 1960, pp. 1747-1750.) VIRGINIA: 64th and 65th Annual Reports of the Commissior of Fisheries of Virginia (for the Fiscal Years Ending June 30, 1962 and June 30, 1963), 32 pp., illus., print- ed. Commission of Fisheries, Newport News, Va. Discusses enforcement and personnel, work of the engineering Department, Potomac River activities, fishery statistical collection, and oyster research, Also covers accomplishments by the commission in conservation and rehabilitation, pollution control, fishery legislation, and other areas, Statistical tables present data showing receipts from the fish and oys- ter industry, by districts; recorded oyster planting grounds; and other related information, VITAMIN A: "Vitamin A Enriched Fish Sausage. I--A Determina- tion of Vitamin A Enrichment in Fish Sausage, and Loss of Vitamin A during Manufacturing and Storage," by Masao Hasegawa and Tomiyo Nishimura, article, 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58, May 27, 1963, 1189d, Whaling:: Amendments to the Schedule to the Interna- printed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., tional Whaling Convention Signed at Washington on NW., Washington 6, D.C. ecember 2, 1946 (Adopted at the Fifteenth Meeting of the International Whaling Commission, London, WHALING; oid . July 5, 1963), Treaties and Other International International Whaling Statistics, no, LII, 48 pp., print- Acts Series 5472, 3 pp., printed, 1964, 5 cents. De- ed, 1964, Det Norske Hvalrads Statistiske Publikas- partment of State, Washington D.C. (For sale by the joner, Oslo, Norway. Results of the whaling opera- Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- tions in the Antarctic during the season 1962/63. In- ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) cludes statistical tables on whaling operations of Ja- pan, the Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, and the U.S.S.R.; average size of whales caught; and CORRECTION number of whales caught, by species, sex, and size, Also includes data on average production of oil per In the February 1964 issue, page 99, article, "A blue-whale unit. Study of Redfish, Sciaenops ocellata (Linnaeus) and " Black Drum, Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus),'' the ad- Whale Marking Cruises in New Zealand Waters Made dress of the publisher of the Publications of the In- between August and December 1963," by D. E, Gas- stitute of Marine Science, was given in error. The kin, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Nor- correct address is Institute of Marine Science, Uni- wegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 2, February versity of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas. 1964, pp. 29-41, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforenin- gen, Sandefjord, Norway. FISHERIES IMPORTANT TO UNITED STATES The fisheries of America have played a unique part in this country's economy since its founding. John Cabot, returning to England in 1498 from North America, stated that ''the sea there is swarming withfish which can be taken not only with the net, but in baskets let down with a stone.'' Historians record that the founders of the Plymouth Colony came to America to serve God and to catch fish. The colorful New Bedford and Nantucket whaling fleets ranging the oceans of the worldin the 19th century were a large factor in forming the bonds which eventually joined Hawaii to the United States. The great salmon fisheries have been a principal support of Alaska through the years and have been a greater source of wealth than all the gold produced there since the Alaska gold rushes began. During World War II, the spectacular tuna clipper fleet furnishedthe ships and the men which maintained contact with our beleaguered troops during their initial days of perilously slight foothold onthe Solomon Islands, and these same fishing boats helped sup- ply smallisland garrisons throughout the vast reaches of the Pacific dur- ing the entire war. U.S. trawlers and purse seiners also went to waras minesweepers and patrol vessels. --Excerpt from Trident--A Long Range Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Circular 149. July 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 THE PLACE OF FISH 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 7 OCEAN PERCH GERMAN POTATO PANCAKES va pound ocean perch fillets or other 2 teaspoons salt 1 | fish fillets, fresh or frozen Dashinutmeg _~. = | 3 eggs, beaten D = ash pepper | | 2) Vtablespoons flour 2 cups finely grated raw potatoes | 2 tablespoons grated onion Aypsllascwres | 1 tablespoon chopped parsley | | Thaw frozen fillets. Skin fillets and chop finely. Combine all ingredients except Applesauce; mix thoroughly. Drop 3; cup fish mixture onto a hot, well-greased griddle | | or frying pan. Flatien slightly with a spatula. Fry until brown on one side; turn | | carefully and brown the other side. Cooking time approximately 6 to 8 minutes. ] Drain on absorbent paper. Keep warm. Serve with Applesauce. Serves 6. In this recipe home economists from the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries have given chafing-dish elegance with iron-skillet econo- my. Tastefully supple- mented with aromatic nutmeg and lively pars- ley, meaty fillets from the cold North Atlantic provide a wealth of en- ergy-giving protein. Served sizzling hot with tart applesauce, Ocean Perch German Potato Pancakes will rate ‘‘ja's”’ at your table. --From Fisheries Marketing Bulletin: 'Protein Treasure from the Seven Seas." Issued by the National Marketing Services Office, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Chicago, Ill. 60607. Wks = ans ————— Load up on these Hot Selling Tips for Cool Cash Returns IMPORTANT NOTICE Due to an unexpected mix-up in the mailing of the June 1964 issue of the magazine, there are probably a number of subscribers who did not re- ceive that issue. If you are one of those who did not receive that issue, write us for a copy COMMERCIAL BE WIE LAY FISHERIES Wee GEE VOL. 26, NO. 8 AUGUST 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial! Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER = COMMERCIAL FIS == RERIES REVIEW BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C. BAKER, ASST, DIRECTOR A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors TAG adress correspondence thew hier, Fishery Market News Service. U.S. Bureau of / “Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer I Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. senemnenapeteeremnian’-aneet Publication ¢ of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement»-The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: The 114-foot French trawler La Rafale (200 gross tons), 1 of the 2 vessels chartered for the Guinean Trawling Survey. Because of the weight of the exceptionally large catch, caught off the Ivory Coast, the cod end was split and lifted in two sections. Small grunter (Brachydeuterus auritus) formed about 90 percent of the catch. 1 ,.The Guinean Trawling Survey, by Frank Williams 7 ..Changes in Abundance of the Marine Worm, Glycera Dibranchiata, Associated with Seawater Temperature Fluctuations, by Robert L. Dow Page ; TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Alaska: 10 .. Foreign Fishing Activities in Bering Sea 12 .. Plans of King Crab Processors 13... New Barge Facility at Ketchikan Being Built 13... Herring Roe Readied for Shipment to Japan 13... Gear Count for Southeastern Alaska Regis- tered Fishing Vessels 13... Low Interest Rate Loans Available to Fish- ing Industry 14 .. Denial of Petition for Rehearing on Alaska Steamship Seasonal Cargo Rates Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: 14 .. Chartered Exploratory Vessel Begins Activities American Samoa: 14 .. Ex-Vessel Prices for Tuna 14... Japanese Fishing Firm to Charge Handling Fee for Deliveries to Cannery California: 15 .. Sea Otter Population Determined by Census Cans: 15 .. Shipments for Fishery Products, January- April 1964 Page 15 20 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Cans (Contd.): New Easy-Open Aluminum Can Developed for Maine Sardine Industry Caroline Islands: Commercial Fisheries Project at Palau Makes Headway Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Behavior Studies of Little Tuna Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- tinued Oceanic Eddies Southwest of Hawaiian Islands Studied Clams: New Laboratory Holding Method Crabs: Effects of Certain Pyrophosphates on Mois- ture Retention in Canned King Crab Federal Aid for Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration: Interior Apportions Funds to States for FY 1965 Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Department of Defenses Purchases, January- May 1964 Contents continued page II. II Pag 21 21 22 22 23 23 25 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 35 35 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Fish-Farming: Labor-Saving Gear Tested in Rice-Farm Ponds Fish Handling: Air Pump for Unloading Fish Fish Kills: Fish Kills by Water Pollution in 1963 Fur Seals: Modified Tagging Techniques Suggested to Prevent Excess Mortality Gear: : Midwater Trawl Tests Successful in Pacific Coast Hake Fishery Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies of Alewife and Chub Stocks in Lake Michi- gan Continued More Effective Trawling of Commercial Species in Lake Superior Studied Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Sea Lamprey Control in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Industrial Fishery Products: Observations and Views in Texas on Use of Fishery Byproducts in Animal Feed U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-April 1964 Production and Imports, January-March 1964 Production and Imports, January-February 1964 U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, April 1964 Production, March 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, March 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, February 1964 Inventions: Mechanical Fishing Vessel Unloader Being Developed Investment Opportunities: Philippine Fishing Industry AID Abstracts Available at Department of Commerce Field Offices Irradiation Preservation: Irradiation of Fish at Sea Maryland: Chesapeake Bay ''Fish-Kill" Controls Es- tablished Mississippi: Mississippi Sound Portlarval Shrimp Studies Continued State Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Re- ceives Grants North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Sea Scallop Population Survey on Georges Bank Continued Blackback Flounder Tagging Program Return of Unmarked Oceanic Instruments Requested Oceanography: Water Sampling Studies in Central Pacific Ocean Pag 35 36 36 e€ 36:.. 37 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 42 42 43 43 44 495 45 47 47 48 48 49 49 51 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Oceanography (Contd.): Research Vessels of University of Miami Not Subject to Union Rules Deep-Diving Submarine for Oceanographic Research Commissioned by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Grants Awarded University of Miami for Sea Floor Studies Oregon: Steelhead Planted in Yamhill River Salmon: Columbia River Summer Fishery Postponed Shellfish: Anesthetic May Aid Biological Research Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, May 1964 South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico: Soviet Fishing Activity South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program: Bottomfish Explorations Continued Tagging: Patents Awarded on New Methods for Track- ing Fish Migrations Trout: U.S. Production by Commercial Farms Tuna: 1964 Albacore and Bluefin Tuna Catch Fore- cast for United States Pacific Coastal Area U.S. Fishing Vessels: Fisheries Loan Fund and Other Financial Aid for Vessels, April 1-June 30, 1964 Documentations Issued and Cancelled, March 1964 U.S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna (Brine) Under Quota Processed Edible Fishery Products, April 1964 U.S. Research Vessels: Delaware II To Be Built as New Exploratory Fishing Research Vessel Washington: Salmon Tagging in Puget Sound Continued Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, June 1964 FOREIGN: International: Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, January-March 1963-1964 ; World Production: March and February 1964 Supply Indicators for Principal Exporting and Importing Countries, 1963 Food and Agriculture Organization: International Symposium on How to Keep Fish Fresh International Pacific Halibut Commission: Halibut Fishing Restrictions Proposed International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: 14th Annual Meeting Held at Hamburg International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: New Draft Convention To Be Considered at Annual Meeting Contents continued page III. August 1964 Page 52 52 52 53 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 57 58 58 58 58 60 61 61 62 63 63 63 64 65 65 65 66 66 67 67 Curt COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): International Indian Ocean Expedition: India's Oceanographic Research Program International Whaling Commission: 16th Annual Meeting Held Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission: Second Meeting Held at The Hague Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Japan Joins OECD Argentina: Fish Meal and Oil Production and Exports, 1962-1963 Australia: Modified Tuna Long-Lining in Shore Waters British Guiana: Shrimp Industry Trends, 1963, and Outlook for 1964 Canada; New Tuna Cannery Planned for Nova Scotia Chinook and Silver Salmon Tagging Program in British Columbia Salmon Tagging on Atlantic Coast Marine Oil Production, Utilization, and For- eign Trade, 1961-1963 Changes Announced in Fishing Vessel Assist- : ance Regulations New Research Station on Lake Huron New Oceanographic Research Vessel Com- missioned Ten Scholarship Awards in Fisheries Fields Chile: Tuna Industry Expanding Costa Rica: Fish and Shellfish Landings, 1963/64 Season Denmark: Authority Sought for Ratification of Western European Fisheries Convention and New Fishing Limits Water Purification and Protein Extraction Process May Be Applied to Fish Reduction Industry German Federal Republic: Fish Meal and Marine Oil Industry Trends, 1963 New Oceanographic Research Vessel Launched One-Main Fiberglass Submarine Developed Ghana: Outlook and Plans for Fishing Industry Ex- pansion Fishery Landings Up Sharply in 1963 First Norwegian-Built Stern Trawler Launched Greece: Freezer-Trawler Landings, January-March 1964 Honduras: Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1964 Iran: Fishery Trends and Developments Ireland: Scallop Grounds Discovered United States Team Begins Fisheries Survey Japan: Canned Tuna in Brine Sale to United States Page 67 67 68 68 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 70 70 70 71 ea 71 72 72 72 72 73 74 74 74 74 76 76 77 79 79 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Exports of Canned Tuna in Brine to U.S. by Destination Standard Prices Established for Canned Whitemeat Tuna in Brine Exports of Canned Tuna Specialty Items, 1963 Canned Tuna Market Trends Japan Tuna Packers Association Members Pack Bulk of Canned Tuna Export Targets for Fishery and Aquatic Prod- ucts, Fiscal Year 1964 Summer Albacore Fishery and Export Trends Tuna Bases at Penang Operate at a Loss Tuna Fishing Trends in South Pacific Tuna Fishing Trends in Atlantic Ocean Firm to Operate Purse-Seine Fleet in Atlantic Halibut Mothership Returns Canned Pink Salmon Export Prices Japanese North Pacific Mothership Salmon Prices Salmon Catch by Mothership Fleets Hokkaido Packers Begin Packing Pink Salmon Salmon Fishermen Request Tuna Fishing Licenses Atlantic Trawl Landings, 1963 Joint Japanese-Canadian Fishing Enterprise in Canada Proposed King Crab Fishing in Bristol Bay Improves King Crab Canned Pack and Exports, Fiscal Year 1963 Reaction to New U.S. Law on Fishing in Ter- ritorial Waters Shrimp Import Trends 1964 Frozen Oyster Pack for Export to United States Fish Meal Prices Marine Oil Supply and Disposition, 1962-1963 and 1964 Forecast Japanese May Purchase Dutch Whaling Factoryship Mexico: Shrimp Vessels Built for Kuwait Secondary Fisheries of Sinaloa Netherlands: Fish Meal Prices, 1962-1963 Marine Oil Supply and Disposition, 1963 with Comparisons Netherlands West Indies: Six Tuna Ice Vessels Assigned to Netherlands West Indies Base Norway: Lofoten Cod Fishery Disappointing in 1964 Improved Echo-Sounder Offered by Norwegian Firm Pakistan: Shrimp Processing Capacity of Plants in Karachi Peru: Fish Meal Production and Exports, January- April 1964 Fish Meal Export Forecast for 1964 Marine Oil Supply and Disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 Forecast Philippines: Government Opened Another Bid on Imported Canned Sardines Contents continued on page IV. IV Page 84 87 88 for each photograph in this issue. FOREIGN (Contd.): South Africa Republic: Fishing Vessel Makes Remarkably Good Anchovy Catches South-West Africa: .. Pilchard Season at Walvis Bay Gets Under Way Spain: .. Fishery Trends at Vigo, January-March 1964 Thailand: Fisheries Survey Planned U.S.S. R.: Fishing Fleets Claimed Seeking Fish Rather Than Profits COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: 90 .. Amendment to Standard of Identity for Can- ned Tuna Effective June 15, 1964 Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: G0) oo Proposed Revised Standards for Grades of Frozen Fish Blocks WH os Whaling Regulations Amended Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: OB oo Alaska Disaster Relief--Charter Vessel Loan Regulations Department of Labor: Vol. 26, No. 8 .-. Soviets Claim Marine Groups Can Be Iden- 97... New Regulations Prohibit Wage Discrimina- tified by Sound Waves United Kingdom: tion on Account of Sex Small Business Administration: .. Fish Marketing Information Service Intro- 97 .. Alaska Firms in Earthquake Disaster Area duced by White Fish Authority aie Vessel and Gear Research FEDERAL ACTIONS: Receive SBA Loans Department of the Treasury: Internal Revenue Service: Federal Trade Commission: BY oes Alaskans Receive Time Extension for In- Bars Discrimination in Rentals and Sales of come Tax Reduction Claims Shrimp Peeling Machinery 98 .. Eighty-Highth Congress (Second Session): Editorial Assistants: \ Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: 104 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 105 .. Miscellaneous Publications Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone Photograph Credits: SK 3K Ok ok ok Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from Cover & pp. 3-5--F. Williams; p. 13--Alaska Dept. of Fishand Game; p. 46--J. Pileggi; p. 59--United Nations; pp. 76-79--R. S. Croker; p. 81--Robert Capa, Lofoten, Norway; p. 82--Milton Lindner. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price:. $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. (tn August 1964 Washington, D.C. Vol. 26, No. 8 THE GUINEAN TRAWLING SURVEY By Frank Williams* a INTRODUCTION ae The original investigation for the exploration of the Gulf of Guinea (Guinean Year) as con- ceived by the Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa (CCTA) in 1960 included: 1. an oceanographic program (for measurement of physico-chemical conditions, movements of water masses, productivity, etc.); 2, a trawling survey on the continental shelf; 3. an exploratory fishing survey for sardines (Clupeidae); and 4, an exploratory fishing survey for tunas and tuna-like fishes (Scombridae). As is now generally known, the oceanographic investigation expanded into a study of the waters of the whole of the tropical Atlantic Ocean--the International Co-operative Investiga- tions of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA). Those investigations have been coordinated by the In- tergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the three phases of the survey (EQUALANT I, II, and III) have now beencompleted. The exploratory fishing survey for sardines has sq far been restricted to a small project started in Ghana by the Fisheries Bi- ology Branch of FAO. However, it is hoped that a large-scale international survey of the sardine stocks will be initiated in the not-too-distant future. The exploratory tuna fishing survey, being conducted by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the U. S. Department of the Interior, commenced in 1963 and will continue through 1965. = Of the original Guinean Year there remained to be carried out under the aegis of CCTA only the trawling survey which was renamed the Guinean Trawling Survey (GTS). The prin- cipal sponsor is the U. S. Agency for International Development (US/AID) with further direct financing from the United Kingdom Department of Technical Co-operation (UK/DTC). PURPOSE The purpose of the survey is to investigate the demersal fish potential of the West Afri- can continental shelf in relation to the environmental conditions. AIMS Within the area of operations the aims of the survey are: 1. To assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the exploitable fish stocks. 2. To assess and ascertain the size composition of those species of fish of paramount commercial importance. geen” op . mes Guinean Trawling Survey (Campagne de Chalutage dans le Golfo de ee é/o CCTA, P.M.B. 2359, Lagos, Nigeri U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 707 26, No. 8 Vol COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW *4S800 9} 03 Sopbuy 4Ybts 32 yiede Sa[iw OP peoeds sjoasuey EQ Jo yore ye edr{d 400} Gurysty *raary obuoD ety Fo TNout erp 0} Oxoy edeD uroy pepue}xe Aas oy} Joy suotje1edo Jo vate ayy, - [ “6ty V3NINS "sj99Sue1) 9dDUdIaJaq ajyeoTpuT SaTo410 Aq paso[oua szaquinyy NM 08! yyava —- August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 4. To relate 1, 2, and 3 to the hydrographic climate. 5. To locate areas which seem to be most favorable for commercial trawling in relation to depth, nature of ground, and availability of exploitable fish stocks. 6. To provide reference and study collections of fish of the area for those countries, organizations, institutes, and individuals desirous of receiving them. AREA OF OPERATIONS The area of operations extended from Cape Roxo (lat. 12°30' N.) to the mouth of the Con- go River (lat. 6° S.), a distance of nearly 2,700 nautical miles (see fig. 1). TIMETABLE PrepaAratorvyerPhaSe)a 6 = « <) eisne be ameheteiene September 1, 1962, to September 1, 1963. Operational Phase’ 2... ..060.0.8ne608 September 2, 1963, to June 15, 1964. ELE DO GLEE NAS Car hotles) (a. ,07 vy.c. oo ish otlanen suave «e- June 16, 1964, to August 31, 1965. OPERATIONAL PHASES: MECIOTEIN BEAU Dae enc os cacinn cas wasaile'g sue en mikes September 2, 1963, to December 20, 1963. GUINEAN Ess. 205 SalA see sie ees February 15, 1964, to June 15, 1964. The timing of the survey was planned to coincide as closely as possible with the hydro- graphic seasons in the area. In the transition zones Cape Roxo to Conakry and Cape Lopez to the Congo River, there are two distinct seasons with a considerable temperature variation. The timing of the survey was such that trawling in those areas was carried out in the last 4- 6 weeks of GUINEAN Iand GUINEAN Iland thus the two seasons were covered effectively. In the Equatorial Zone, Conakry to Cape Lopez, the hydrographic variations are not so great, except in the area of upwelling centered off the Ghana coast during July to September. Part of the period of upwelling was covered during the opening months of GUINEAN, while normal condi- tions prevailed during GUINEAN II. VESSELS Two French trawlers were chartered for 13 months--June 15, 1963, to July 15, 1964, from Monsieur R. Sanquer of La Rochelle, France. The vessels--Thierry (fig. 2) of 230 tons and La Ra- fale of 200 tons--were 35m. (114 ft.) overall, witha beam of 7m, (23 ft.) anda draft of 4.5m, (14 ft.). Powered by 600-hp. main engines, the trawlers are fitted with hydraulic trawl winches carrying 1,800 m. (5,880 ft.) of 21 mm. #-inch cable. The vessels were con- verted for scientific use and operations in tropical waters prior to leaving France for West Africa, The conversion included provision of a small laboratory, extra accommoda~ tions, mess, cold-rooms (-20° © C. or -4° F. and 0° C, or 32° F.), electronic log, additional echo-sounder, additional aux- iliary engine, alternators for Fig. 2 - Trawler Thierry seen from the bridge of La Rafale. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 a.c. current, air conditioning units, etc., and installation of a hydrographic winch on each vessel. OPERATIONAL PLANS Fishing took place at each of 63 transects spaced 40 miles apart at right angles to the coast from Cape Roxo to the Congo River (fig. 1). Hight stations were fished on each tran- sect at the following depths: 15-20m., 30m.,40m.,50 m., 70-75 m., 100 m., 200 m., 400- 600 m, (8-10, 15, 20, 25, 35-38, 50, 100, 200-300 fathoms). To be able to estimate the differ-' ence in the fishing power of the vessels, during the first month of each operational phase 4 transects off the coast of Ghana were fished simultaneously twice by the two vessels. All routine trawling was carried out during daylight, but some night trawling was undertaken at selected stations. The fishing gear for the survey was standardized aboard the two vessels; the headrope size was 25 m. (80 ft.) and that of the cod-end mesh 40 mm. stretched (12 inch). The cod-ends were made of nylon, the rest of the net of manila. Mesh measurements were made on cod-ends at set intervals using the I.C.E.S. mesh gauge. SCHEDULE OF OBSERVATIONS A continuous record of sea surface temperatures was made throughout the survey and notes were made on sightings of schools of fish, sea birds, drifting organisms, etc. Before trawling began at each station, the following observations were made: bottom sampling; bathythermograph cast; reversing bottles for water samples for temperature; sa- linity, and oxygen at surface and bottom; meteorological and sea surface observations (ICITA style); Secchi dise; microbiomass; ete. The oxygen | ' analyses were carried out on board the trawlers, while salinity samples were processed ashore at the Federal Fisheries Service, Lagos (Nigeria) and the Oceanographic Centre, Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The trawl hauls at all stations were each of one hour's duration, andall trawling was normally made with the current, following closely the requisite moved to show the recording drum. depth contour. The water temperature at the mouth of the trawl net was recorded by an in- dependent thermograph mounted on the headrope (figs. 3a and b). August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 The catches made by the trawl (figs. 4a and b, and 5) were sorted into the various con- stituent species, and the number and weight of each recorded. With large catches, random subsamples of the total catch were used for this purpose. For 12 commercially important nae d Fig. 4 - An exceptionally large catch made by the La Rafale, off ‘the Ivory Coast (about 4 metric tons): (a) left--cod-end at the side of the vessel; (b) right--because of the weight of the catch, the cod-end was split and lifted in two sections. The small grunter (Brachydeuterus auritus) seen here formed about 90 percent of the catch. species of fish, length-frequency measurements were made on random samples of 250 fish. Measurement of the various species of shrimp was based on the number of individuals per kilogram, : Comprehensive collections of fish and in- vertebrates of the West African continental shelf were made during the survey. EQUIPMENT Equipment for oceanography and fisher~ ies to cover the agreed program as well asthe more general items required by any scientific survey was provided. Three types of logbooks ®& (hydrographic; general for trawl stations; fish- @& length frequencies) were designed and used by the survey. Additional scientific.equipment was pro- vided by FAO, UNESCO, and the German Federal Republic. Fig. 5 - A stingray (Dasyatis sp.) taken by La Rafale off the Ghana coast. Length of body 6 ft., length of tail Zz its with ae wings 7+ ft., weight about 700 lbs. Sting raYs up to Ibs. are SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL not unc6mmon in West African trawl catches. The scientific personnel on each vessel congisted of three biologists (one was cruise leader) and one hydrographer/biologist. The personnel were assigned to the survey by Euro- pean countries and the United States under technical assistance agreements, West African fish- eries research or oceanographic organizations, and international organizations. The countries and organizations represented included Belgium, France, German Federal Republic, Ghana, Ivory Coast, the Netherlands, the United States, and FAO. A total of 64 man-months of serv- ice was provided by those scientists. FACILITIES IN WEST AFRICA Facilities (e.g. housing, office, base port facilities, etc.) were granted by West Afri- can governments and CCTA. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE The Director of the Guinean Trawling Survey is advised by a scientific committee com- posed of fisheries scientists from France, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, the United States, and CCTA. In addition, FAO, UNESCO, and other interested organizations are represented by observers. The committee meets annually under the Chairmanship of Professor Th. Monod, President of the Scientific Council for Africa (CSA). REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LIAISON Close contact has been maintained between the survey and the fisheries and oceanograph- ic laboratories in the West African area, in relation to local research and other programs be- ing carried out by those organizations during the lifetime of the trawling survey. In the international sphere, close liaison has also been maintained with the Fisheries Bi- ology Branch of FAO and the Bureau of Oceanography and the IOC of UNESCO. The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), Washington, D.C., has agreed to proc- ess the survey's hydrographic data for the West African continental shelf and publish them as ICITA supplementary data reports (GUINEAN I: EQUALANT II, and GUINEAN II: EQUALANT III). The Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center (SOSC) Washington, D. C., has agreed to sort benthic samples collected by the survey. UNESCO, under a training scheme, is to pro- vide a fish taxonomist at Abidjan to set up a temporary fishsorting center to (1) effect abasic breakdown of the survey's fish collections, and (2) train local West African staff in that task and also in the curating of collections. PROGRESS TO DATE During the whole period of GUINEAN I and II, fishing proceeded satisfactorily and all scheduled btological and hydrographic observations were made. Two aspects of the results have been investigated so far: 1. Analysis has commenced of the results of the overlap transects for GUINEAN I and II (when the two vessels fished together for one month) to determine the de- gree of variation between the catch rates of the two vessels. 2. For GUINEAN I and II the catches of pelagic fishes caught in the trawls have been analyzed. Preliminary results show that considerable catches of sardine (Sar- dinella), mackerel (Scomber), scad (Trachurus), and mackerel scad (Decapturus) were made in many areas at depths of 30-100 m. (15-50 fathoms). Those find- ings are of great interest, especially in the view of the existing seasonal fisher- ies at the surface and the possible projected resources survey for those species in the West African area. FUTURE The methods for the Stage I analysis of the results (which mainly concerns data extrac=- tion from survey records) have been planned and three types of data forms printed. Stage II of the analysis and the publication of the final reports have also been considered, but those all depend to a certain extent on the results of Stage I. The operational phases of the survey ceased in mid-June 1964. About the end of October 1964, it is hoped that the Director of the trawling survey will transfer his offices to the Bi- ological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D.C., for the report and analysis period. It is expected that the survey report will be completed and sent to the printers towards the end of 1965. Progress reports will be issued at intervals during that period so that governments and the fishing industry in West Africa may be able to use infor= mation for future planning as rapidly as possible. —-_t <> at August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ul CHANCES IN ABUNDANCE OF THE MARINE WORM, GLYCERA DIBRANCHIATA, ASSOCIATED WITH SEAWATER TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS By Robert L. Dow* Two species of marine annelids (worms) used as bait for salt-water sport fishing support the fourth most valuable fishery in Maine with a 1963 landed value of $1.2 million. _ The bloodworm, Glycera dibranchiata, has the highest landed unit value of any Maine ma- rine resource. To the more than 900 licensees in 1963, bloodworms had a value of $2.40 a pound. The sandworm, Neanthes virens, also hand-dug from intertidal growing areas during low tide, with a landed value of about $1.10 a pound, has the second highest unit value. Table 1 - Maine Production of Bloodworms, 1946-1963 Year 19636. 19626 « 1961+ - 1960 « « 1959 « 19586 « 1957 » « 19566 « 1955 « « 1954+ « 19536 « 19526 « 19516 1950 « « 1949 6» 1948 » » 1947. 1946» » eeeeree eee eee eeee ee oeereree eee eee eee eee eee eeeeeee eee eevee eoereeereeee eee eee eee eee eeeeeeer eee eee ee eoeeereeve eee eee eee ee eoeereree eee ee ese eeeee oeeerecee ee ere eee eevee eeeereree ere ere eee eevee eoereeeeveeeevr eee sees ee eeceereeee eee eevee ee Although worms are bought by dealers by the hundred, for statistical purposes such pur- chases are converted to pounds using a factor of 44 for bloodworms and 40 for sandworms. Recent sampling has indicated that the average pound contains more than 50 sandworms or more than 100 bloodworms. Market acceptance of smaller sizes accounts for the increase in value per pound. Fig. 1 - Digging bloodworms in intertidal area, Cod Cove, Wis- casset, Maine, By reason of negligible winter markets and frozen or ice-covered intertidal areas, the fishery is limited to the March-November period. During the harvesting season, high demand encourages an intensive fishery; in the case of bloodworms, probably the most intensive fish- ery in Maine. Only since 1946 have landings of the two species been separated. Production of the bloodworm fishery by calendar years is listed in table 1. Reasons for fluctuations in production suggested by the industry as well as by scientific investigators have ranged nearly as widely as landings themselves. *Research Director, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, State House, Augusta, Maine. U. S, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 708 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 Restrictive legislation had rapidly increased from 1937 with the early beginnings of the fishery, only to culminate in complete repeal of all regulations by 1955. Regulations had cur- tailed the free-roving activities of commercial diggers, but it was three years after the ef- fective date of repeal before there was any appreciable increase in landings. Increases in fishing effort are suggested by the growth in the number of licenses issued from 449 in 1948 (the first year of issue) to 921 in 1963, but the inconsistency of any re- lationship between increased number of fish- ermen and landings precludes effort, in terms of number of fishermen, as the causative fac- tor. Table 2 - Maine Bloodworm Production and Number of Fishermen Harvesting Them Number of Fishermen Number of Worms Fig. 2 - Close-up of fisherman digging bloodworms. Cyclic changes in the environment (Dow 1951, Dow and Wallace 1955), gradual changes in soil composition (Klawe and Dickie 1957), expansion of area fished (Dow and Wallace 1955), and changes in tidal exposure because of bridge and highway construction (Ganaros 1951) are other factors which have exercised relatively minor or local influence. Dow and Wallace (1955) concluded that year-to-year fluctuations in production were in- dicative of short-term natural fluctuations in abundance. Klawe and Dickie (1957) concluded that bloodworm catches in Nova Scotia consist largely of three-year olds. Growing area con- ditions in Nova Scotia and Maine appear to be similar and observations made in Maine (Dow and Wallace 1955) agree with those of Canadian biologists. Recent studies of Maine production and seawater temperatures as measured at Boothbay Harbor by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service suggest that abundance is determined primarily j = by seawater temperature during the SS SS EET] B UMCHCENS in Coinimatinn Amiel weiaajoere = ture range of 47.0° to 49.0° F. during the year of spawning. Both higher and lower seawater temperatures are asso- ciated with substantial declines in worm landings. These data are the only data which can be consistently used to account for fluctuations in abundance as indicated by commercial production. Deviations from high production levels between 47.0° and 49.0° F. which occurred in 1949 and 1950--although still higher than any other year outside the optimum range--can be accounted for by abridge August 1964 and causeway construction project in those two years which drastically reduced tidal expo- sure in one major producing area. Estimates made independently by both the industry and the Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fish- eries of annual production losses resulting from this construction ranged from 25 to 30 percent. How seawater temperature influences the abundance of bloodworms is not understood. It may be a direct relationship in terms of larval and juvenile survival, or it may be in- direct through its influence on the amount of biological activity in the growing area. Klawe and Dickie (1957) observed that bloodworms apparently do not occupy sediments which are not sufficiently stable to support burrows. Such conditions are frequently associated with increased organic activity during periods of high temperature. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 oN < Fig. 3 - Packing bloodworms for shipment to dealers in bait for sport fishermen. Conversely, during extremely cold winters greater ice overburden may create unfavorable sediment compaction in intertidal areas. LITERATURE CITED DOW, ROBERT L, 1951, Marine Worm Report, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries Department, bulletin. DOW, ROBERT L., and DANA E, WALLACE 1955, Marine Worm Management and Conservation, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries Department, bulletin. KLAWE, GANAROS, ANTHONY 1951, Commercial Worm Digging, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries Department, bulletin, W.L., and L. M, DICKIE 1957. Biology of the Bloodworm, Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, and Its Relation to the Bloodworm Fishery of the Maritime Provinces, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Bulletin No. 115. Created in 1849 the Department of the Interior--a depart- ment of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the De- partment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational re sources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, pros- perity, and security of the United States--now and inthe future. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Alaska FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES IN BERING SEA: Harly May 1964: U.S.S.R.: During the sec- ond week in May 1964, the Soviet trawling fleet concentrated west of Yakutat began dis- persing and moving to other regions nearer Kodiak Island. The main concentration, which assembled on the Portlock Bank (much as in past years), was estimated to include 86 trawl- ers, 16 freezerships, 2 factoryships, and a few support vessels. A smaller segment of the Soviet trawl fleet was operating west of Icy Bay in May 1964, and included approxi- mately 30 trawlers, 3 freezerships, and 1 factoryship. The region south and west of Kodiak in the vicinity of Chirikof Island was exploited in May 1964 by a smaller Soviet trawling fleet composed of less than 5 trawl- ers and 1 freezership. Observations indicated that the Soviet fleets in the Gulf of Alaska were concentrating on Pacific ocean perch, Fig. 1 - One type of Soviet factoryship operating in the Nurth Pa- cific and Bering Sea. Length over-all about 150 feet with a speed of 10-12 knots. The Soviet fleet fishing tangle nets for king crab continued to operate in the eastern Bering Sea in May 1964. That fleet consisted of 3 factoryships, eachaccompanied by twelve 40-foot picker boats and 2 SRT net-setting trawlers. The three Soviet king crab factory - AND = DEVELOPME Vol. 26, No. 8 NTS =a ships inthe area werethe Pavel Chebotnya gin operating north of Unimak Pass, and the Kon- stantin Sukhanov and the Vasiliy Blyukher, operating south of Hagemeister Island in out- er Bristol Bay. It is believed that two Soviet trawlers were still operating in May 1964 onthe shrimp fish- ing grounds north ofthe Pribilof Islands and had been fishing in the area for over a month. JAPAN: In May 1964, the shrimp factory- ships Chichibu Maru and Einin Maru, each accompanied by 12 trawlers, continued to op- erate on shrimp grounds north of the Pribilof Islands. During May, the Japanese tangle-net king crab fleet was reported to have been centered in outer Bristol Bay, north of Port Molter, That fleet consisted of 2 factoryships, the Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru, each accom- panied by 6 catcher vessels, Fa: 2 - One type of Soviet trawler fishing in the North Pacific and | Ting Sea. The Fuji Maru No. 3, accompanied by 5 long-line fishing vessels, was believed to have been fishing in the region of the 100-fathom curve, southeast of the Pribilof Islands. The Kotoshiro Maru No. 25, with one accompany- ing long-line fishing vessel, presumably was August 1964 operating in the same area as the Fuji Maru No. 3 fleet, The fish-meal factoryships Hoyo Maru and Gyokuei Maru, each accompanied by 30 trawl- ers, were operating in the eastern Bering Sea about 60 miles west of Amak Island. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Late May - Early June 1964: U.S.S.R.: During iste May 964, the large Soviet trawl- ing fleet that built up off Yakutat had been shifting efforts between that area and the Portlock Bank region. As of early June, that fleet, estimated at 116 trawlers, 19 freezer- ships, 3 factoryships, 1 salvage tug, 1 tanker, Fig. 4 - Washing silt and dirt from net loads of trawl-caught fish on the main deck of a typical Japanese factoryship. The Tenyo Maru, accompanied by 28 trawl- ers, was reported fishing in the area west of St. Paul Island. The Tenyru Maru was re- portedly fishing in the vicinity east of the Shumagin Islands, The stern-trawler Taiyo Maru No. 81 was located about 35 miles east of Cape Sitkinak, Trinity Islands. Soviet and Japanese fishing activities in the Bering Sea continued into early June as follows: and 2 cargo vessels, was again centered on Portlock Bank east of Kodiak. Observations and reports continued to indicate they were catching Pacific ocean perch with very small catches of other incidental species. Soviet trawling effort appeared to be mini- mal in the area southwest of Kodiak, generally from Albatross Bank to Chirikof Island. A small fleet of about 4 trawlers and 1 reefer was fishing in that region. The Soviet factoryship Konstantin Sukhanov ae sisterships Pavel Chebotnyagin : and Vasi- liy Blyukher, each with at least twoaccompa- ee tangle-net setting trawlers, are continuing their operations on king crab in the Bering Sea north and east of Unimak Pass. As of early June there was no confirma- tion that the two Soviet trawlers were still engaged in a shrimp fishery north ofthe Prib- ilof Islands. It was presumed that fishery might have been terminated. JAPAN: Shrimp Fishery: The shrimp fac- toryships Chichibu Maru and Hinin Maru, each accompanied by 12 trawlers, continued to operate on the shrimp grounds north of the Pribilof Islands. As of mid-June the side 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW trawler Tenryu Maru was believedto be still fishing for shrimp west of the Trinity Islands, southwest of Kodiak. King Crab Fishery: The Japanese tangle- net fishery for king crab was reported to be centered in outer Bristol Bay, north of Port Moller. That fleet consisted of 2 factory- ships, the Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru, each accompanied by 6 catcher boats. Fig. 5 - Sorting aha weighing king crab meat prior to freezing a- board a Japanese crab factoryship. Long-Line Fishery: Japanese bit trans- lations reported, the factoryship Fuji Maru No. 3, specially chartered to fish for halibut in the Krea 3B North Triangle, was to return to Japan in late May and her five accompanying long-line vessels were to join the Seifu Maru fleet. Neither the Fuji Maru No. 3 nor the oth- er Japanese halibut fishing fleet of the Kotos- hiro Maru No. 25 andone accompanying long- Tine vessel were sighted during early June. It appeared likely that the Japanese disbanded their halibut fishing venture because of very poor fishing. Fish Meal: The Japanese fish meal fac- toryships Hoyo Maru and Gyokuei Maru, each with 30 accompanying trawlers, were oper- ating on the "flats'' of outer Bristol Bay north- west of Port Moller. Other fleets licensed by the Japanese for fish meal, oil, and solubles production operating in the eastern Bering Sea the early part of June were the Tenyo Maru with 28 trawlers still working in the area northwest of St. Paul Island and the Soyo Maru and Seifu Maru each with 28 trawlers fishing just north of Unimak Pass. All 5 of those factoryships freeze selected portions of their catches for human consumption, Whaling: Of the 3 whale factoryships which reportedly departed Japan on May 20 only one was sighted, The Kyokuyo Maru, probably Vol, 26, No. 8 accompanied by 7 whale killers, was operating near Amchitka Pass in the western Aleutians, Another of the fleets, possibly the Nitto Maru, was expected to appear in the Gulf of Alaska region between Kodiak and Dixon Entrance, "Exploratory" Fishing Activities: The Ja- panese factory stern trawler Taiyo Maru No. 81 was last sighted about 70 miles west of Middleton Island in the central Gulf of Alaska. This vessel was primarily seeking Pacific ocean perch and was reportedly been experi- encing good catches. A second Japanese stern factory trawler in the Gulf, the Akebono Maru No. 51, moved from the Shumagin Islands region eastward into the area about 40 miles west of the Trin- ity Islands, southwest of Kodiak. Japanese "exploratory'' efforts in 1963 reported size- able catches of sidestripe and pink shrimp-- the main species sought by that vessel. ‘Groundfish Freezing Fishery: The stern factory trawler Ibuki Maru and one accompa- nying smaller side trawler were licensed by Japan to engage in the groundfish fishery of the Bering Sea in 1964, About early June this vessel appeared north of Amchitka Pass in the western Aleutians. It was believed that the bulk of catches made by both vessels was be- ing frozen aboard the factory trawler. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 9. HO KOK PLANS OF KING CRAB PROCESSORS: A number of Alaska's seafood processors plan to rebuild following the March earth- quake. One processor; whose plants suffered little direct damage due to the earthquake and tidal waves, mustraise his shore plants at Port Wakefield and at Seldovia due to land subsidence. A King crab operator at Kodiak plans to replace its shore plant there with facilities aboard a 160x60 foot barge. That firm does not plan to rebuild its Shearwater salmon cannery, but will maintain a company store and gear storage at the old Shearwater cannery site. Another firm plans to rebuild its plant at Kodiak but details were not yet available. Two other king crab plants dam- aged by the earthquake were back in produc- tion by the end of May, but the crab supply was limited. A shrimp processing plant re- sumed its production of shrimp logs. Other developments in Alaska's king crab fishery indicated significant expansion west August 1964 Unloading king crab at a cannery in Kodiak before the March 1964 earthquake. of Kodiak, One major processor plans to con- vert from canning to freezing in the Shumagin Islands area. Significant new fisheries have developed on the Slime Bank in the Bering Sea and in waters surrounding Unalaska Island, OOK OK OK OK NEW BARGE FACILITY AT KETCHIKAN BEING BUILT: A contract was awarded in May to a build- ing firm for construction of a highly versatile barge docking installation at Ketchikan and Northern Terminal Company's $1.5 million rail-water terminal and industrial park at Ketchikan in Southeastern Alaska. The new facility will be parallel to the Company's modern rail-barge basinand trans - fer span and will accommodate barges up to 200 feet in length. Rail trackage will be ex- tended onto the new dock and a large ramp to the inshore end of the basin will provide full roll-on, roll-off capabilities, As a result handling of cargo will be great- ly facilitated on freight moving through the terminal to or from Southeastern Alaska points, Such commodities as lumber, ores, and canned salmon may be transferred by crane directly from a barge to a railcar for shipment to markets in the other states. Work was scheduled for completion July 1, 1964. OK OK OK Ke COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 HERRING ROE READIED FOR SHIPMENT TO JAPAN: The first 1964 shipment of herring roe to Japan was reported to be about 10 tons. The roe will be brine-cured and shipped to Japan in boxes where it will be placed on the do- mestic market, The product was being han- dled by a subsidiary of a leading Japanese fishing firm. The fishing and primary proc- essing of the catch was to be done in Alaska by Alaskans. KK KOK & GEAR COUNT FOR SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA REGISTERED FISHING VESSELS: A gear count has been completed for South- eastern Alaska purse-seine and gill-net ves- sels registered for 1964, The purse-seine gear count shows that gear is equally divided between residents and nonresidents and the number increased by 2 over the past 3 years. Gill-netting is down somewhat over the past three years. Registrations for 1964 as compared with prior years are: RA ait, wire 2 ie resident 243; nonresident 243; total 486. SOA ad as oes me resident 252; nonresident 232; total 484. | a ee ae resident 247; nonresident 250; total 497. TOG etch c ce = resident 245; nonresident 206; total 451. Gill-Netting: IGAR ce «0's . resident 204; nonresident 166; total 370. 1UGSIEI es so ee resident 287; nonresident 164; total 451. SOG 2m fo sn) ever te resident 242; nonresident 168; total 410. a in fan Wi, ay resident 251; nonresident 169; total 420. Gill-net fishing opened in the Taku-Stikine area April 27 and was scheduled to open in Portland Canal on June 14 and Red Bay-Lake Bay and Lynn Canal on June 15. LOW INTEREST RATE LOANS AVAILABLE TO FISHING INDUSTRY: Emergency loans from the Fisheries Loan Fund of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries have been made at an interest rate of 3 percent to fishermen who had fishing ves- sels or gear lost or damaged in the Alaska earthquake and resulting tidal wave. Appli- cations for loans of that type at this interest rate will be accepted by the Bureau until Sep- tember 30, 1964, 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW DENIAL OF PETITION FOR REHEARING ON ALASKA STEAMSHIP SEASONAL CARGO RATES: The Federal Maritime Commission has ruled that the Alaska Steamship Company must lower its rates by about 2.7 percent to 6,4 percent in the seasonal Alaska trade toavoid receiving a rate of return in excess of 10 per- cent. The Alaska Steamship Company had in- creased rates in late 1961 by 10 percent on general cargo to seasonal areas of Alaska, 20 percent on cannery supplies to Alaskan salm- on canners, and 10 percent on salmon cannery products southbound. The Commission start- ed an investigation of the rates in January 1962, In a decision dated March 5, 1964, the tariffs were ordered amended to bring the Alaska Steamship Company a rate of return not in excess of 10 percent in the seasonal service, The Alaska Steamship Company petitioned the Commission for rehearing of the proceed- ing, contending that the rate base used by the Commission was not proper. The State of Alaska and the General Services Administra- tion supported the Commission's decision. The Commission denied the petition for re- hearing on May 13, 1964, thereby making the decision final. The denial carried with it specific increases. The Commission said it would allow 3,6 percent and 7.3 percent north- bound on general cargo and salmon cannery Supplies, respectively, and 3.6 percent south- bound on salmon cannery products, Although salmon cannery traffic accounts for over 90 percent of the traffic moving un- der the contested rates, no Alaska salmon canners took part in the proceeding. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries participated, but took no position. and Gear Research CHARTERED EXPLORATORY VESSEL BEGINS ACTIVITIES: The chartered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon arrived in Juneau on May 24, 1964, to begin a 4-months charter period to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for explora- tory fishing in the area from Kodiak Island westward, After departing Juneau on May 25, Vol, 26, No. 8 the vessel proceeded en route to Kodiak, Ra- dio-telephone communication the followin day revealed that the vessel had struck a "log" and that some damage resulted to the main engine cooling system. She was later "beached" at Port Wakefield when repairs were made to the cooling system. Later reports indicated the Paragon was conducting underwater tele- vision experiments in the Kupreanof-Rasp- berry Straits area of Kodiak Island, American Samoa EX-VESSEL PRICES FOR TUNA: e Japanese trading and fishing firms which have been negotiating tuna ex-vessel prices with the United States tuna packing pactiric ockaw AMERICAN SAMOA ISLAND OF TUTUILA firms located in American Samoa reached an agreement in mid-May 1964, Prices agreed on are as follows (in short tons): frozenalba- core $325; iced albacore $310; frozen gilled- and-gutted (head on) yellowfin $275; frozen dressed (gilled-and-gutted, head and tail off) yellowfin $285; iced small (20-80 lbs.) round yellowfin $250; iced medium (80-100 lbs.) round yellowfin $210; iced large (over 100 lbs.) round yellowfin $170. (Suisan Tsushin, May 18, 1964.) % Ok OK JAPANESE FISHING FIRM TO CHARGE HAN- DLING FEE FOR DELIVERIES TO CANNERY: ne of Japan's leading fishing companies began on July 1, 1964, toassess a flat fee of 8 percent on tuna that it handles for delivery to a United States tuna packing company on Amer- ican Samoa, Previously, the Japanese fish- August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Tuna cannery on American Samoa operated by a United States west coast tuna canning firm, ing company had bought the fish directly from Japanese fishing vessels operating out of American Samoa and resold them to one of the American canneries on the island. (Sui- sancho Nippo, June 1, 1964,) BLO’ California SEA OTTER POPULATION DETERMINED BY CENSUS: An aerial survey of California's sea otter population, made in February 1964, disclosed there are at least 396 of the animals, the Cali- fornia Department of Fish and Game announced in June 1964, The census, taken in the De- partment's twin engine Beechcraft N5614D, was made at heights of 50 fo 150 feet, and visibility was excellent, The sea otter census was conducted along the coastline between Morro Bay and Monterey Bay. It was the third of three flights planned for the census and was reported to have re- sulted in the best sea otter count of the three flights. This year's (1964) census of 396 sea otters is substantially below the 638 figure recorded in the last official census taken in 1957. The Department pointed out that natural mortality does take a toll regularly, because sea otters are very susceptible to injury from a rough surf and from their natural enemies--white sharks and killer whales, The 1964 census of a minimum of 396 animals does point out, how- ever, the necessity of continued protection of that valuable animal because it is not yet pres- ent in large enough numbers to guarantee survival, the Department stated. Sea otters are protected by State law with- in the 3-mile limit and by Federal law out- side the 3-mile limit. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 13, April 1964 p. 12. Cans SHIPMENTS FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-APRIL 1964: total of 840,463 base boxes of steel and aluminum was consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants in Janu- ary-April 1964, an in- crease of 2.6 percent over the 819,096 base boxes used eh the same period in 1963. ote: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14"x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 23.5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor 21,8 base boxes per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum cans for packing fish- ery products is small. He ok ok ok ok NEW EASY-OPEN ALUMINUM CAN DEVELOPED FOR MAINE SARDINE INDUSTRY: good portion of the United States 1964 Maine sardine pack will go tomarket ina new easy-openaluminum can, according to the Maine Sardine Council. Inoverallappearance, the new can closely resembles the standard rectangular sardine can, but the cover is e- quipped with a tab that embodies the features of the lift-tab beer can and the easy-opening citrus concentrate can, (Canning Trade, June 1, 1964.) 130 “RM Pi2 26. Note: Shaded areas generally eastward flow; unshaded areas generally westward flow. Based on geostrophic interpretation of BT slides (depth of the 20° C, isotherm). 155° 150° Cruise track of M/V Townsend Cromwell Cruise 3 (April 12- May 4, 1964). corded daily by an Eppley pyrheliometer. Colored photographs of cloud formations were made, Surface plankton tows lasting one-half hour were made using a 1-meter net at 2,000 daily. Flying fish found aboard the vessel were col- lected and preserved in formalin, A standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was maintained during daylight hours. Observers from the Smithsonian Institution on this cruise maintained their own watch for birds. Field plots of the temperature distribution in the upper 250-meter depth obtained from BT's indicated that both the thermocline structure and also the inferred geostrophic 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW flow pattern were undergoing a change from the patterns observed during the February and March 1964 cruises. As on the previous cruises, westerly flow predominated south of 18° N. and an irregular flow pattern existed north of 18° N. However, the pronounced eddy west of the island of Ha- waii and a larger counterclockwise eddy en- circling that Island (present during the two previous cruises) were not apparent on this eruise. The most significant change occurred along the sections 148° and 151° W. between 15° and 209 N. (Here the thermocline in- creased in depth. This, together with the geo- strophic interpretation of the depth of the 20° isotherm distribution, indicates that new wa- ter is feeding into the region between 15° and 20° N., progressing westward at about 6 miles a day. It is believed that this is associated with the spring intensification of the Califor- nia Current Extension. The surface temperature ranged from a- bout 26° C, (78.8° F.) in the southern portion of the cruise area to 21° C. (69.8° F.) in the northeast portion. South of 16° N., the iso- therms aligned zonally, whereas, north and east of the Islands they aligned in a north- west-southeast direction, Bird flocks and related fish schools were predominantly sighted south of 139 N. Large numbers of birds sighted along 25° N. during the previous cruise were not sighted during this cruise. A two-day interval (April 18-20) during this cruise period was spent at Hilo, Hawaii, to conduct a ship's open house and educational exhibit, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 10, May 1964 p. 13. OCEANIC EDDIES SOUTHWEST OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS STUDIED: M/V harles H. Gilbert ruise 72-- PHASE I (April 14-21, 1964); PHASE II (May 16- 23, 1964): Oceanic eddies in an area south- west of the Hawaiian Islands were studied on this cruise by the research vessel Charles H. Gilbert, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii. The cruise was conducted as two separate phases, each lasting about eight days. Vol. 26, No. 8 Fig. 1-Phase lof M/V Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 72, April 14-21, 1964, During Phase I of the cruise, a large eddy with a radius of about 70 miles was located due west of the island of Hawaii and due south of Oahu, Its position and thermal structure was studied as planned until engine trouble ended the Phase I portion of the cruise. Sa- linity samples were collected with eachbathy- thermograph (BT) observation. No drift cards were released during Phase I due to its premature ending. During Phase II, the eddy which was stud- ied during Phase I could not be located, al- though a thermal dome was encountered about 60 miles southwest of Oahu. A study was carried on in the area where the eddy may have moved since Phase I. BT observations were made every hour and salinity samples August 1964 Fig. 2 - Phase II of M/V Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 72, May 16-23, 1964. obtained with each BT. A rerun of the pattern of BT observations was made in about the same locations as Phase I, Preliminary stud- ies of the two patterns showed no resemblance of thermal topography in that area, A total of 420 drift cards and 157 drift bot- tles were released during Phase II. A watch was kept for fish schools andbird flocks during both phases. A considerable large number of birds were seen, but the fish schools could not be identified, During both phases the thermograph and barograph were operated continuously, and standard marine weather observations were transmitted four times daily. Two lures were towed during daylight hours, The total catch consisted of 2 mahimahi (Co- ryphaena hippurus), 2 yellowfin tuna (Neo-— thunnus macropterus), and 1 wahoo (Acantho- cybium solandri), Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 21. Clams NEW LABORATORY HOLDING METHOD: A new method for holding soft-shell clams in laboratory tanks is employed by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Boothbay Harbor, Maine, A square wooden frame covered with an 8-inch mesh saran screen is used, The screen is COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 cut into slits, each large enough to hold one clam upright. The tension on the screenpro- vides support for the clam valves, helping to hold them closed, The advantages of the method are: (1) clams are held ina natural upright position to permit siphoning observations ormeasure- ments; and (2) support is provided for the valves, andrelaxation for the adductor mus - cles without burying the clams inmud or sand, Preliminary results have been satisfactory, and clam survival is being observed in com- parative studies of the new holding equipment and the usual alternatives of holding clams free on tank bottoms or buried in sand, Crabs EFFECTS OF CERTAIN PYROPHOSPHATES ON MOISTURE RETENTION IN CANNED KING CRAB: The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Technological Laboratory, Ketchikan, Alaska, is conducting a short applied study of the effects of pyrophosphates on moisture re- tention by canned king crab. (The National Canners Association is studying polyphos- phates from the standpoint of struvite con- trol.) Three experiments have been com- pleted. Sodium acid pyrophosphates and so- dium tripolyphosphate were used in concen- trations ranging from 0.15-0.59 percent (with respect to P Os) expressed as a percentage of the fill weight of crab meat. The polyphos- phates to be added were included in a brine solution totaling about 50 grams. Other vari- ables under consideration are the pH of the polyphosphate solution, sodium chloride level, and the initial cooking procedures necessary for proper shucking and color retention of the king crab meat, Preliminary results suggest that polyphos- phates used in amounts similar to those pro- posed for control of struvite in canned king crab can reduce shrinkage during retorting but do not cause the crab meat to absorb ad- ditional water. Additional experiments have been planned to verify earlier results and suggest whether the experiments should be continued further, 20 Federal Aid for Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration INTERIOR APPORTIONS FUNDS TO STATES FOR FY 1965: A preliminary distribution of $14.2 million in Federal-aid funds for fish and wildlife res- toration projects was made available to the states on July 1,1964, Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall announced on June 4, 1964. This is an increase of $1.6 million over asim- ilar distribution a year earlier. Of the $14.2 million allocated so far this year, $10.9 million is for wildlife restoration and $3.3 million is for sport fishing projects. The preliminary apportionments enable states with small reserve funds to finance their Fed- eral-aid operations from July 1 until the final apportionment for the year which comes in the fall. Fish and wildlife restoration funds come from Federal excise taxes collected from manufacturers, importers, and producers of certain types of hunting and fishing equipment. Distribution of the funds is based on the num- ber of paid license holders ina state and on the state area. , The Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration programs are adminis- tered by the Interior Department's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Under the Federal-aid programs, states spend their own funds on approved projects and are reimbursed for up to 75 percent of the cost. The laws establishing the programs also provide $10,000 each for Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The total 1965 Fiscal Year apportionment for those areas is included in the July 1, 1964, preliminary ap- ortionment, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 36. Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY-MAY 1964: Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, more fresh and frozen fishery prod- ucts were purchased by the Defense Subsist- ence Supply Centers in May 1964 than in the previous month. The increase was 27.5 per- cent in quantity and 24.4 percent in value. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 Table 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Suppl May 1964 with Comparisons 1963 | 1964 | 1963 Bisns 211 (LR OUOILESS) ESI 1, 752 | 10,735 | 9985 1 Compared with the same month in the pre- vious year, purchases in May 1964 were up 26.2 percent in quantity and 19.7 percent in value due mainly to larger purchases of shrimp and scallops. The gain was partly offset by smaller purchases of most fish fil- let items. Table 2 -Selected Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products| by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, May 1964 — with Comparisons Shrimp: Raw headless Peeled and deveined Breaded 51,070] 1/ 402, 490 12,044) 1/ 105, 164 1/ 66, 832| 507, 654 4,675] 20,414| 141,533] 119,584 Flounder and sole Haddock 104,927]111,882| 528,722] 612,480 25,652] 19,570] 90,629] 89,495 810] 2,642] 6,820] _13, 872 | 1/Breakdown not available. 2/Includes 8,650 pounds of haddock portions. Total purchases in the first 5 months of 1964 were up 8.9 percent in quantity from those in the same period of 1963, but down 2.0 percent in value because of generally lower prices. In January-May 1964, there were larger purchases of shrimp, scallops, and clams, but noticeably lower purchases of cod fillets, haddock fillets, ocean perch fillets, halibut steaks, and swordfish steaks. Canned: In the first 5 months of 1964, total purchases of the 3 principal canned fishery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) were up 54.0 percent in quantity and 58.6 percent in value from those in the same period of the previous year. The increase was due to larger purchases of tuna and salmon. The gain was partly offset by smaller purchases of canned sardines. August 1964 Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Contes, May 1964 with Comparisons QUANTIY VALUE | May | __Jan. -Mai Ma 1964 | 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | 1964 ioe (1, OOO Ls. )ire. ota SE) wrerane (S15 DOU) ar aeaitetts 465 |1,842]1,463 | 170 | 217] 815 | 723 679 1a) SE 5 | 416 127|_ 242| 49] 22] 90 Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local ases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not obtainable. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 11. Fish -Farming LABOR-SAVING GEAR TESTED IN RICE-FARM PONDS: Several types of fishing gear new to inland fish farmers were successfully testedin rice- farm fish ponds near Dumas, Ark., in early 1964 by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries technicians. A 2,000-foot nylon haul seine successfully harvested nearly 5,000 pounds of buffalofish and an undetermined number of small crappie in one haul from a 39-acre pond. The catch was estimated to include 50 percent of the buffalofish known to be stocked in the pond,. An elevator-conveyor belt designed to move the fish catch from the net to a waiting truck also proved successful when the net was emp- tied of the 2,5-ton catch in about 1 hour, Fig. 1 - This labor-saving method of removing buffalofish from a Tice-farm fish pond by means of a fish elevator was successfully demonstrated to local fish farmers. _ Inanother series of tests, slat traps were set in a fish pond to determine their effectiveness COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 for catching a relatively small number of cat- fish for marketing on short notice, Daily lift- ing of the traps indicated two factors which apparently affect the catch rate of the trap gear. One is the effect of movements of local weather frontal systems, and the other is the decoying effect of captured catfish attracting others to the same trap. One catch of 121 pounds of channel catfish made during a 48- hour set emphasized the decoying effect. Over one-half of the fish were taken from 1 of the 10 traps set, and it was jammed so full that 1 more fish could not have forced through the opening. Such behavior is successfully used in other fresh-water fisheries to im- prove gear efficiency. The reactions of cat- fish will be studied further during future slat- trap operations, Fig. 2 - Catfish in a rice farm fish pond are being concentrated in a small area With aseine-type gear preparatory to removing them from the pond. The tests were conducted as part ofa gear- development project to assist the farm-pond fish operators to economically harvest fish raised for the commercial market, ee Fish Handling AIR PUMP FOR UNLOADING FISH: An air pump to unload fishing vessels is offered by a Texas company. The pump is available in varying capacities to fit different operations, The manufacturer states, ''Bas- ically, this new unit operates on a vacuum dry-air suction principle, utilizing a light- weight rubber suction hose that is lowered into the hold of the trawler, through which the product is air-lifted into a vacuum chamber and discharged into a standard-type wash tank equipped with a conveyor belt to remove the product from the tank. No water is required in the hold of the trawler.’ The manufactur- er claims: (1) this method of unloading re- quires only one man to lower the hose into a vessel and to do such raking as is necessary 22 ees ah | to keep a steady flow of product being air- lifted into the tank; (2) the unit does not dam- age fish or shellfish in any manner andactual- ly eliminates the damage normally done through shoveling as when unloading by basket or barrel methods; and (3) capacity per hour has proven very satisfactory with a low main- tenance cost. a Fish Kills FISH KILLS BY WATER POLLUTIONIN 1963: Water pollution killed more than an esti- mated 7.8 million fish during 1963, reported the U.S. Public HealthService onJune 5, 1964, This is an increase of 750,000 fish over the estimated water-pollution fish kill reported in 1962. Industrial operations, the largest iden- tified cause of fish kills, accounted for almost 3.2 million dead fish. Municipal sewage, the second most common cause, killed more than 1 million fish, and agricultural operations caused more than 760,000 fish deaths. The U.S. Public Health Service does not specify the number of fish that died inthe 1963 heavy fish kill on the lower Mississippi River in Louisiana. At the time the State of Louisiana reported the kill it was not known whether the deaths were natural or causedby pollution. The cause of the fish kill has since been found to be endrin (a pesticide). Hight states did not submit reports on fish kills. Three states reported no known kills occurring in their areas. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 In addition to the massive fish kills in Louisiana, three other large fish kills were reported in 1963, An estimated 2 million fish were killed in the Wahiawa Reservoir on Oahu Island in Hawaii. The fish were reported dy- ing in a limited area of the reservoir in the vicinity of the Wahiawa sewage treatment plant. Although the plant gives complete treat- ment to its sewage, there is a possibility that some toxic substance may have been dis- charged, but it was not proved. An accidental spill of lethal quantities of resin acid soaps from a paper company near Weldon, N.C., killed about 100,000 fish. The spill lasted for 8 mintues and dumped between 10,000 and 15,000 gallons of the wastes, af- fecting more than 100 miles of the Roanoke River. The third large fish kill in 1963 occurred in the Coweeman River near Kelso, Wash., where an accidental break in a hose dumped 4,000 gallons of Diesel oil into the river. Fish were completely destroyed or severely damaged along a 10- to 13-mile stretch ofthe river and an estimated total of 59,000 fish were killed, More than 2,200 miles of river and more than 5,600 acres of lakes were involved in the fish kills reported for 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 50. VSOMBY Fur Seals MODIFIED TAGGING TECHNIQUES SUGGESTED TO PREVENT: EXCESS MORTALITY: The possible reason why the mortality rate of tagged fur seal pups is higher than that of untagged pups has been indicated by dissec- tion studies by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle, Wash. Special attention to the arm and flipper revealed that vital blood vessels and '"swimming'' muscles make up the site where tags for population studies are normal= ly attached. In view of that finding, research biologists tagging or marking other animals may wish to examine their marking and tag- ging techniques. August 1964 Gear MIDWATER TRAWL TESTS SUCCESSFUL IN PACIFIC COAST HAKE FISHERY: The first successful use of an experiment- al midwater trawl to capture large quantities of hake may be a major breakthrough in the establishment of a new commercial fishery off the Pacific Coast of the United States, Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall an- nounced on May 29, 1964, The use of such gear to catch hake (a species related to East Coast whiting) indicates the feasibility of com - mercial harvesting of this abundant but pres- ently unused West Coast resource, the Interi- or Secretary added, The trawl (a net with an 80-foot by 80-foot oval opening which fishes in the mid-depths of the ocean) was developed by fishing gear spe- cialists of Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Regional Office at Seattle, Wash. It is many times larger than nets commonly used by United States commercial fishermen. A significant factor in recent tests of the new trawl was that it was used on a standard commercial trawler, the St. Michael, a 75- foot vessel operating out of Bellingham, Wash., indicating the adaptability of the present West Coast fishing fleet to this type gear. The St. Michael, chartered by the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, made four one-hour drags dur- ing the test in depths of from 50 to 60 fathoms (300 to 360 feet), The catch amounted to 8,200 pounds on the first trawl, 30,000 pounds the second, 42,000 the third, and 60,000 the fourth. The fish were located by an echo-sounder southwest of Destruction Island off the north coast of Washington, They averaged about 22 inches long and weighed from 2 to 3 pounds each, Scientific studies have shown that hake is the most prolific fish along the Pacific Coast, Secretary Udall said, Hake can be used as a food fish, makes a high quality white fish meal for animal and poultry feeds, and has great potential for use in the manufacture of fish protein concentrate, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUN- DANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE AND CHUB STOCKS IN LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED: M/V “Kaho™ Cruise 17 (April 28-May 22, 1964): To extend knowledge of the seasonal distribution and abundance of alewife and chubs and their availability to bottom trawls was the primary purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries ex- ploratory fishing and gear research vessel Kaho between April 28-May 22, 1964--a pe- riod not previously studied in this portion of the Great Lakes, (The establishment of fish meal plants in Wisconsin recently has created a demand for large, inexpensive supplies of fish. Although spawning alewife are usually readily available to traditional Great Lakes fishing gear from May to August, trawling will be relied upon to furnish fish economi- cally for fish meal plants during other peri- ods of the year.) Secondary objectives of the cruise were to collect length-frequency data for chubs and alewife, and samples of various species for laboratory analysis relating to special studies. Excellent catches of alewife were taken in all areas fished in southern Lake Michigan except off Ludington. In northern Lake Mich- igan and Green Bay, alewife were widely scattered and significant catches were made only off Sturgeon Bay and in Grand Traverse Bay. Good catches of chubs were taken off Waukegan and Arcadia. With the exception of a few catches of smelt and white suckers, oth- er species were not taken in significant a- mounts, FISHING OPERATIONS: A total of 135 trawl drags were completed with a 52-foot (headrope) fish trawl in 20 days of explora- tory operations. Of the total, 66 drags were completed in southern Lake Michigan, 46 in northern Lake Michigan, and 23 in Green Bay. At each fishing location in the open lake, paired drags were made in opposite direc- tions at a preselected depth to determine the optimum towing direction for makingall other drags in the area. Drags were of 30 minutes duration except for 14 which were terminated 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 26, No. 8 MANISTIQUE $e MANITOWOC # Ay i) 1 c PORT WASHINGTON Tei (MMII 7 lie 7 1 ' WAUKEGAN #8 Wig i 40 ‘ y ian mn Ht WHITEHALL t Wit cRankrorT Irpit MW Haya it LUDINGTON Legend: TRAWL DRAG = SNAG ENCOUNTERED —— WT (Ht st. JOSEPH t) 30 —————e STATUTE MILE Lake Michigan explorations, M/V Kaho Cmise 17 (April 28-May 22, 1964). early due to the presence of rough bottom or set nets and 4 others which were terminated after 15 minutes because of the large quanti- ties of alewife being taken. Although snags were encountered, net dam- age was relatively minor. Bottom topography and bathymetric distribution of fish were con- tinuously monitored and recorded with a high- resolution echo sounder. FISHING RESULTS: Southern Lake Michi- gan: Fishing results at stations off opposite shores in the southern portion of the Lake re- vealed substantial differences in species in- terrelationship and availability. Excellent catches of alewife were taken at various depths in each area except off Ludington, where catches of all species were insignifi- cant, possibly due to severe weather condi- tions immediately preceding the exploratory August 1964 fishing effort. The best catch rate for alewife was experienced off Port Washington at 10 fathoms, where 1,500 pounds of alewife were caught in a 5-minute drag. At other fishing stations in southern Lake Michigan, the best catches of alewife ranged from 1,340 to 3,800 pounds per drag. Good catches of chubs (ranging from 300 to 1,130 pounds) were taken at 40 fathoms off Benton Harbor, at 25 to 45 fathoms off Wauke- gan, at 25 and 35 fathoms off Port Washing- ton, and at 35 and 40 fathoms off Manitowoc, Sculpins were taken in moderate amounts at the relatively deeper depths. Northern Lake Michigan: Significant catch- es of alewife in northern Lake Michigan were made off Sturgeon Bay at 15, 20, and 25, fath- oms (450 to 650 pounds) and in Grand Tra- verse Bay at 25 and 35 fathoms (525 and 450 pounds), The best catches of chubs (230 to 600 pounds) were taken at 20 to 45 fathoms off Arcadia, Michigan. A fairly large catch of white suckers (325 pounds) was taken in Little Traverse Bay. Sculpins and smelt also were caught in moderate amounts in northern Lake Michigan, Green Bay: Operations in Green Bay pro- duced only small catches of alewife. Individu- al catches of smelt (250 pounds) and white suckers (120 and 195 pounds) were the only species caught in significant amounts through- out Green Bay. Echo-sounder recordings near the entrance to Green Bay indicated scattered fish at mid- depths--apparently the vanguard of the mi- gration of alewife into Green Bay. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA: Bathythermo- graph casts were made in each fishing area, and air and water temperatures were record- ed continuously. During the cruise, the sur- face water temperatures of Lake Michigan ranged from 34° to 48° F. and those of Green Bay from 36° to 58° F. M/V ''Kaho" Cruise 19 (June 23-July 23, 1964): To extend knowledge of the seasonal distribution, abundance, and availability of alewife and chub stocks to bottom trawls was the primary objective of this cruise by the Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel Kaho. The announcement of this cruise was made June 18, 1964, Following trawl explorations in Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan from June 23 to July 2, the vessel berthed at COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 its base in Saugatuck, Mich., for about ten days and then resumed trawl explorations in southern Lake Michigan. Area of Operation: Lakewide transects were planned in Lake Michigan between Ben- ton Harbor, Mich., and Waukegan, I1l.; Port Washington, Wis., and White Lake Mich.; Manitowoc, Wis., and Ludington, Mich.; and Frankfort, Mich., and Sturgeon Bay, Wis. Previously established fishing stations in Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan near Manistique, north of Beaver Island, and in Little and Grand Traverse Bays. Method of Operation: High-resolution echo- sounding equipment was to be used to record bottom and off-bottom fish concentrations. A 52-foot (headrope) fish trawl was to be used at standard stations to assess the commer- cial trawling potential, Thirty-minute tows were to be made at 5-fathom intervals from 10 to 50 fathoms and at 10-fathom intervals from 50 to 70 fathoms along the lakewide transects. Various hydrographic and mete- orologic conditions were to be monitored con- tinuously, and night-light stations occupied in southern Lake Michigan to determine the ef- fectiveness of attracting lights. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 15. He OK ok ok ok MORE EFFECTIVE TRAWLING OF COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN LAKE SUPERIOR STUDIED: M/V "Kaho" Cruise 18 (May 25-June 10, 1964): To determine the potential for more effective and profitable methods of catching and handling commercial fish species in Lake Superior was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries ex- ploratory fishing vessel Kaho, The area of operations was in Lake Superior between Munising and the Keweenaw Peninsula, This 17-day cruise was the first of three planned for this year. Fishery explorations by the Kaho are part of a special program to furnish technical assistance to the fishing in- dustry in the Great Lakes region, Other as- pects of the program include studies on the development, preservation, and marketing of fishery products, and economic analyses of existing and potential industry operations. Principal accomplishments resulting from this cruise included: (1) the location of con- siderable areas suitable for bottom trawling, 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Bete Grise Bay OED) s : ‘ Grand Traverse. Bay 7 '-Y/ Huron Bay : Vol. 26, No. 8 Legend: Trawl Drag ———————_> Snag Encountered aaa 7 © Station Number *@ ~s Granite Island % oe: Munising Fig. 1 - Shows area of operation during Kaho Cruise 18, May 25-June 10, 1964. (2) the catching of commercially significant quantities of chub and smelt, and (3) the inci- dental detection and recording of midwater concentrations of fish. Although it was nec- essary to search intensively for good trawl- ing grounds in that area, which is noted for steep and rugged bottom conditions, clear areas were found at various depths ranging from 5 to 62 fathoms. Good catches of chub were taken in Keweenaw Bay and off the east- ern shore of Keweenaw Peninsula, and fair amounts of smelt were caught in Keweenaw Bay and Huron Bay. Only small catches of cisco (lake herring) were made during the cruise, but the many small scattered schools of fish detected in middepths could well have been composed of that species. Midwater and surface fishing are to be attempted during the next two cruises scheduled for August and November. Exploratory Operations: Survey transects, totaling about 800 statute miles, were care- fully examined with a high-resolution white- line-type echo-sounder and a standard deep- water sounder, The former instrument de- tects subsurface fish, discriminates fish echos from bottom echos when the two are in close proximity, and provides evidence of bottom characteristics (figure 2). A total of 42 drags was made with a 52- ' foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico-type fish trawl where bottom conditions appeared to be suit- able (see table 1). Dragging time was held to 15 minutes during most of the operation because of unfamiliarity with bottom conditions and to permit broader coverage within the limited time period, Snags, logs and trees, or rough bottom conditions were encountered during 13 drags--most of which were terminated when August 1964 wwe we ewer ee, ee ed lin it ti at al atoll Surface Bottom - 28 fathoms “AKA. RAS Sho. Saaee Fig. 2 - Echograms from a high resolution echo-sounder showing bottom profile, fish near the bottom, and at midwater depths. A--Echogram made at station 50; distance traveled is 2 nautical miles, B--Echogram made near station 53; distance traveled is approximately 4 nautical miles. difficulties were recognized. Only 3 of the encounters resulted in severe net damage. Four others suffered minor damage and the remaining 6 caused no damage, The actual fishing effort during the cruise was limited due to the time required for searching out trawlable grounds. Activities from Munising to Big Bay were restricted be- cause of numerous commercial gill-netting operations, Although soundings were made to depths of over 100 fathoms, fishing was con- fined for the most part to depths of less than 50 fathoms (see table 1), Fishing Results: The best fishing results of the cruise were in Huron Bay, Keweenaw Bay, and off the east shore of Keweenaw Pe- ninsula, Chub were caught in amounts of from 110 to 415 pounds in seven 15-minute drags, and smelt in amounts up to 300and 320 pounds in two 30-minute drags. Smelt were found to be distributed over a relatively wide depth range of from 5 to 39 fathoms. Catches of that species consisted of many sizes ranging from small 3- to 4-inch juveniles to the older fish measuring 12 inches long or over. Rela- tively large chubs were caught in commer- cially significant quantities at depths ranging from 35 to 62 fathoms--the deepest water COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REIVEW 27 8 2 @ead Piinawwe ee Soe wBis. e1biei tite wreies a PUCMBEelieer tr i tare | minis Gruysiroe Keweenaw Bay to East Portage Entry » 9 5 1 1 1 Ce eww aborw >|Grand Traverse Bay to Bete Grise Bay wey Rl fi nd whi 5 Bs: , tore net. B/Encountered gill net, drag terminated early. i fished during the cruise. The measurement of samples indicated that 70 percent (by weight) of the chub catches were comprised of fish over nine inches long (No. 2's, No. 1's, and "jumbos"’), Only small numbers of cisco were taken occasionally throughout the depth ranges fished. Midwater groups of fish, which may have been cisco recorded by the depth-sound- er, were judged to be too small and too scat- tered to warrant attempts to fish.for them during this cruise. Alewife, whitefish, and lake trout were also caught in relatively small amounts. In- dividual alewife were large in comparison to those caught in Lake Michigan during recent years. Round whitefish were taken more of- ten than were common whitefish. Table 2 - Miscellaneous Species in Trawl Catches by the Exploratory Fishing Vessel M/V Kaho Species Per Drag Yielding Burbot 10 up to 12 pounds | Pigmy whitefish 11 up to 3 pounds ! Sculpin 8 up to 27 pounds Stickleback 14 up to 4 pounds Suckers 3 up to 2 pounds Trout-perch 6 up to 1 pound 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Water Temperatures: A bathythermograph and continuous surface temperature recorder were used to monitor thermal gradients in the areas fished. Stratification was not well de- fined, but surface temperatures varied from 40° F. to 52° F, from offshore to sheltered waters and bottom temperatures ranged from 39° F. to 48° F. in the same manner. Technological Studies: Observations were made and fish samples collected to initiate technological preservation and processing in- vestigations in connection with the Lake Su- perior technical assistance program. i eh! Oi i Great Lakes Fishery Investigations SEA LAMPREY CONTROL IN LAKE SUPERIOR AND LAKE MICHIGAN: The number of spawning-migrant sea lam- preys captured at the electric barriers on streams tributary to Lake Superior totaled 8,816 as of June 12, 1964, compared with 6,736 and 6,138 for the same period in 1963 and 1962, respectively. Reports indicated that conditions.were favorable for an early sea lamprey run during the 1964 season which may explain the larger number of lampreys captured. The June 1964 catch was still well below that of 1961 when 42,395 adults were taken through the same period. The three barriers on streams entering northern Green Bay of Lake Michigan caught only 4,319 adult sea lampreys through June 12, 1964, com- pared with 6,995 for the same period in 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1963 p. 23, July 1963 p. 38. Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus III” Cruise GUS-17 (May 12-26, 1964): Shrimp distribution studies in the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico (off the Mississippi to Texas coasts) were con- tinued during this cruise by the chartered re- search vessel Gus III of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Labora- tory, Galveston, Tex. Hight statisticalareas (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21) were cov- ered and standard 3-hour tows with a 45-foot Gulf shrimp trawl were made, Vol. 26, No. 8 During this cruise, 43 tows with a 45-foot flat trawl were made, as well as 46 plankton tows, 60 bathythermograph and 43 nansenbot- tle casts. Hight of the shrimp trawl tows were made in depths varying from 200 to 480 fathoms. Shrimp specimens collected inthose tows were to be identified later and thenadded to the Galveston Biological Laboratory's ref- erence collection. One sled-mounted Gulf V plankton tow was made successfully in a depth of 520 fathoms. The largest catches of brown shrimp were made in area 16 (41 pounds of 15-20 count) from the over 20 fathom depth, and 11 pounds of 21-25 count shrimp from the 10-20 fathoms depth range. Area 20 yielded 33 pounds of brown shrimp (over 68 count) from the up to 10 fathom depth and also 46 pounds of small pink shrimp from that same depth. Catches of pink shrimp in other areas were sporadic (yielding less than one pound each) except in area 19 where 5 pounds was taken from the 0-10 fathom depth. Catches of white shrimp were moderate in area 13 (30 pounds of mostly 21-25 count) with the 10-20 fathom depth yielding the greater part. White shrimp were also caught in the 0-10 fathom depth!ofarea 19 (20 pounds of 15-20 count), as well as 6 pounds of the same count from 10-20 fathoms in that area. Notes: ) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 14. Industrial Fishery Products OBSERVATIONS AND VIEWS IN TEXAS ON USE OF FISHERY BYPRODUCTS IN ANIMAL FEED: Mixed feed manufacturers and experiment station workers in Texas were visited during April 27- May 5, 1964, by the Animal Nutritionist of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Technical Advisory Unit, Boston, Mass. Observations oe during that trip and the views of persons interviewed ollow: Whereas nearly all the feed mill officials and experiment station scientists visited on the trip expressed high regard for fish reduction products in nutrition, many offered com- ments that, taken together, suggest that the future market for those products may tend to decrease unless some changes are made, The comment most frequently heard was that at the prices prevailing in April and May 1964, fish meal is in danger of being ‘‘priced off the market.’’ For example, a nutritionist employed by a large firm stated that fish meal is not includ- ed in his rations, formulated by linear programming, unless minimum levels are specified. Broiler and poultry breeder August 1964 rations produced by that firm do contain 3-percent fish meal, but this is only because of the minimum that is specified, whereas turkey starter rations are supplied with more lib- eral levels as ‘‘safety factors.’’ Another nutritionist em- ployed by a large firm said that less than 1 percent of fish meal is incorporated in his rations by computer formulation, but he includes 3 percent of the meal in his turkey and broil- er starter rations ‘‘just to be on the safe side.’’ The comment encountered with second greatest frequency is that the mixed feed industry cannot much longer tolerate the extreme variability in quality exhibited by some imported fish meals and, in addition, according to a number of mixed feed producers, domestic fish meals are not invariably of top quality. A leading experiment station scientist pointed out that the amounts of feed mixed by present-day methods ac- cording to a single formula are extremély large and, for that reason, mistakes of any kind in feed mixing cannot be toler- ated. If ingredients (including fish meal) below the quality specified in the formula are included in the mixture, the end result might be a ration that would not perform properly in actual use. The scientist suggested that if fish meal of uni- form high quality cannot be marketed, the second best solu- tion may be to sell three different grades of meal, Several nutritionists employed by feed mills stated that there is little hope that a grading system can be made to function effec- tively. An official of a very large Texas firm stated that for the past 6 years his company has been using only imported pil- chard meal because of its consistently high quality and also because it is slightly less expensive at the company’s mill than is United States whole meal. (Whole meal is preferred to ordinary fish meal by the officials of this particular firm.) During a period of several years, only one shipment of infe- rior pilchard meal was received and a satisfactory adjust- ment was made on that shipment without delay. A nutritionist representing a very large feed-producing firm dramatized the prevailing situation with regard to vari- ability in fish meal quality by exhibiting some samples under magnification, Concerning a sample that contained exces- sive amounts of salt, scales, and bone, he said: ‘‘The sale of this sort of product is going to ruin the market for fish meal unless buyers are informed in advance of the quality of the products they are getting.’’ A number of nutritionists stated that since the introduction on the market of a uniform high quality poultry byproducts meal, feed producers are no longer dependent entirely upon fish meal, It was also pointed out by a number of nutrition- ists that the quality of feather meal produced by some firms is quite high and that such meal is competitive with fish meal as a source of some amino acids and B vitamins, Workers also pointed out that the two commonly used meth- ods of measuring the fat in fish meal yield very different re- sults, The two methods are the ether extract procedure and the method of the A,O.A.C, (Association of Official Agricul- tural Chemists). This problem should receive early atten- tion; the statement that a given sample of fish meal contains a definite amount of fat should not leave the buyer in doubt as to the actual amount of this nutrient present, Several producers of cattle feeds expressed interest in fish meal as an ingredient of ‘‘range blocks,’’ Such blocks, consisting of a mixture of protein, mineral, and vitamins, of- ten contain fish meal, Cattle feed producers also expressed interest in the possibility of using marine oils in their prod- ucts when, and if, the prices of such oils should decline low enough to make them competitive with stabilized fats. A leading Texas research scientist suggested experi- ments to determine the feasibility of using marine oils in the nutrition of young turkeys. He suggests that the oils might be used at levels as high as 5 percent of the ration to stimu- late growth for 8 to 16 weeks, then reduced to 1 percent, or less, to avoid the possibility of off-flavors in the meat. Be- cause of the large number of turkeys grown in the United States, such fowl offer a possible market that may be large enough to absorb any overproduction of marine oils that may take place in the future. At present prices, fish oil is COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 too valuable to be used as a source of energy. However, if at some future time the price of the oil should decline enough to make it competitive with stabilized fats, its use in turkey feeding can be given consideration. (Technical Advisory Unit, U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Boston, Mass.) we % kK ok ok U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-April 1964: Based on do- mestic production and imports, the United States available sup- ply of fish meal for January-April 1964 amounted to 175,429 short tons--26,059 tons (or 17,4 percent) more than during Jan- uary-April 1963. Domestic production was 6.22.81 tons (or 19,8 percent) less, but imports were 29,288 tons (or 22.0 percent) higher than in January-April 1963, Peru continued to lead oth- er countries with shipments of 130,276 tons, The United States supply of fish solubles (including homog- enized fish) during January-April 1964 amounted to 7,377 tons--a decrease of 28.0 percent as compared with the same period in 1963. Domestic production and imports dropped 31.8 percent and 8.3 percent, respectively. U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-April 1964 with So | + + Magar: =| Apr. [aiees™ | 1865) Fish Meal and Scrap: | Domestic production: LE Er Ee 4,991 181,750 “onCMc Se 7,167 26,957 Co Se ere ee er = 7,537 37,208 253,452 So, Africa Republic........ 12/296 Other countries... 2.6 sss 2,274 SLiaia yan se 1 162,371 133,083 | 383,107 Available fish meal supply.... 175,429 |149,370 Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/...... Imports; So. Africa Republic..... : : : Gthercountries:. . cs... ci, 4 6,773 114,175 '1/Preliminary - 2/Included with "other," 3/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. HK KE Production and Imports, January-March 1964: Based on domestic production and im- ports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-March 1964 amounted to 112,205 short tons--2,218 tons (or 1.9 per- cent) less than during January-March 1963, Domestic production was 2,160 tons (or 27,2 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-March 1964 with Comparisons =Ma » » © « (Short Tons). . Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden,.... 5 Tuna and mackerel .. . Herring. ..... . Otherl le se esis) elle « Imports: Canada..... Peru see se we eee Chile) o ) je se Norway .. 2... So. Africa Republic SvaTlable fish meal supply « - [112,205 [114,423 636, 5 Fish Solubles: i Domestic production 2/ aa 2,793 5,361 | 107,402 Imports: Candda sss. ses « 455 563 Weaikwtel = 5 6 6050 0 - So. Africa Republic ... 429 - Other countries... . 198 729 Available fish solubles supply. 3, 875 1/Preliniinary . 2/Included with "other," 3/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized con- densed fish. 105 percent) less, and imports were only 58 tons less than in January-March 1963, Peru con- tinued to lead other countries with shipments of 84,392 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including homogenized fish) during January- March 1964 amounted to 3,875 tons--a de- crease of 43.2 percent as compared with the same period in 1963. Domestic production and imports dropped 47.9 percent and 25.9 percent, respectively. we oc ok ok ok =a Production and Imports, January-Febru- ary 1964: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-February 1964amount- ed to 70,013 short tons--6,300 tons (or 9.9 percent) more than during January-February 1963. Domestic production was 1,403 tons (or 27.3 percent) less, but imports were7,703 tons (or 13.1 percent) more than in January- February 1963, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 55,222 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including homogenized fish) during January- U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, anuary -February 1964 with Comparisons wi an. -Feb Total em T7i964 1963 Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden. .....-. Tuna and mackerel . . Herring ...... o CHne) Geo acon oo Total production So. Africa Republic. 2 . Other countries. . ... Available fish meal supply Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/ Imports: Canada ..... ee Tcelandiessmnmeiemene 345 So. Africa Republic 339 Other countries . . 198 Tei eases 5 el ae Available fish solubles supply. 2, 764 | 2,962 | 114, 175 1/Preliminary. 2/Included with "other." 3/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized con- densed fish. February 1964 amounted to 2,764 tons--a de- crease of 6.7 percent as compared with the same period in 1963. Domestic production dropped 28.8 percent and imports increased 178.2 percent. He HK ke ok Ok U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, April 1964: During April 1964, a total of about 3.5 millionpounds of marine- animal oils and 7,094 tons of fish meal and scrap was produced inthe United States. Com- pared with April 1963, this was a decrease of 3.1 million pounds or 47.0 percent in oil, and a decrease of 1,246 tons or 14.9 percent in meal and scrap production. Menhaden oil, amounting to 2.7 million pounds, accounted for 77.9 percent ofthe April 1964 oil production. Compared with April 1963, this was a decrease of 3.0 million pounds. Men- hadenmeal, amounting to 3,146 tons, accounted for 44.3 percent of the April meal production-~- a decrease of 1,845 tons, compared with the same month last year. A total of 3,045 tons of fish solubles was produced in April 1964--a decrease of 1,042 August 1964 U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, April ee with Comparisons | Total | rareety Soasic 1964 | 1963 | 1963 a Terialtig eta) 0 ¥ichersis Menhaden3/....... Sardine, Pacific .... Tuna and mackerel .. Unclassified....... Shellfish, Seviaat htine*animail 4 | meal and scrap..... - 4] . Grand total meal and scrap . at A 1,836| 74,831) 5,476 a 34 Menhaden 3 Tuna and mackerel . . Other (including whale) inary data, naib in "other" or "unclassified," ncludes a small quantity of thread herring. ot available on a moni basis. tons or 25.5 percent as compared with April 1963, The quantity of fish meal processed during the first 4 months of 1964 amounted to 13,058 tons--3,229 tons less than the same period of the previous year, Marine-animal oil amount- ed to 5.0 million pounds--2,852 pounds less than the same period of 1963, OK OK OK Production, March 1964: During March 1964, a total of 2,235 tons of fish meal and scrap and 584,000 pounds of marine animal oil was produced in the United States, Com- pared with March 1963 this was a decrease of 480 tons (17.7 percent) in fish meal produc- tion but an increase of 132,000 pounds (29,2 percent) in fish oil production, The quantity of fish solubles manufactured in March 1964 amounted to 911 tons--1,073 tons less than in March 1963, Production of tuna and mackerel meal a- mounted to 1,423 tons which accounted for about 63.7 percent of the March production, Oil from tuna and mackerel (199,000 pounds) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, March 1964 1/with Comparisons t March Jan,~ Mar. | Total Product 1/1964 |1963 fi 1964)1963 | 1963 oy 2s ia (Short Tons)... si «% Fish Meal and Scrap Herring ....-+-++-+-: 2/ 7,537 Menhaden3/ .....---: - |181,750 Sardine, Pacific...... Lagae es Tuna and mackerel... . 5|5,739| 26,957 Unclassified ........ 12,208] 22,415 2,715] 5,787 |7,947|238,659 Dl ae 4) | 14,793 Grand total meal and scrap..... 4] |253,452 Fish Solubles: Menhaden........--- = 74,831 25,347 300| 7,224 Oil, Body: ae Herring cc sisiss epee es 2/ Menhaden3/ .......- = Tuna and mackerel ... 199 Other (including whale) 385 AR GROAR (O81 oo s).0 pe) vrei 584} 452/1,465}1.301 a85.607 | 1/Preliminary data. 2/Included with unclassified. 3/Includes a small quantity of thread herring, 4/Not available on a monthly basis. mi 4 comprised 34,1 percent of the March fish oil production, * 3K Ke OK OK Major Indicators for U.S. § , March 1964: United States production si fish meal in March 1964 was lower by 17.7 percent as compared with March 1963, Production of fish solubles was down by 59,2 percent, but production of fish oil increased 29,2 percent, Major Indicators for U.S, Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, March 1964 1964 | 1963 1962 | 1961 [tem and Period Production: Fish Solubles 4/: Production: March Year Imports: March January-February Year (Table continued on next page) 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Major Indicators of U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, March 1964 (Contd.) Item and Period 1/1964| 1963 1962 1961 Fish Oils: Production: March January-February Year Exports: March January-February| 23,698 Year = |1/Preliminary . 2/Preliminary data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of production in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 per- 262,342] 123,050|122,486|143,659 cent; and fish oils, 99 percent. |3/Small amounts (10, 000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. 4/Includes homogenized fish. ok ok kek Major Indicators for U. S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, February 1964 Fish Meal: Production: January .. February... Fish Solubles 3/: Production: 219 214 155 1, 875 Production: January ... 79 509| 13,449] 2,068) 2,458] 21,647| 17,456| 23,828 9 ? ich ac counted for the following percentage of production in 1962: Fish meal, 93 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 97 percent; and fish oils, 95 percent. 2/Small amounts (10,000 to 25, 000 tons) of shellfish and marine- animal meal and scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. 3/Includes homogenized fish. Vol. 26, No. 8 Inventions MECHANICAL FISHING VESSEL UNLOADER BEING DEVELOPED: A new mechanical unloader for unloading fish from fishing vessels has been designed by a member of the New Bedford Institute of Technology, and it is being built by a firm in New Bedford, Mass. The device is lowered into the fish hold where the fish are scooped up into buckets fastened to an endless chain conveyer. The bucket conveyer lifts the fish to deck level where they are deposited onto a belt conveyer and carried up to the wharf. The new type fish unloader was expected to be ready for trial by the end of May 1964, Investment Opportunties PHILIPPINE FISHING INDUSTRY: A sizable unsatisfied domestic market for fish, coupled with an export potential, sug- gests the possibility of investment opportu- nities in the Philippines for United States fishing interests. One such opportunity, a- mong others, is the joint venture to exploit the fishing resources of Philippine coastal waters proposed bya Manila group, That group, which has wide-spread interests, has already rigged a tugboat for purse-seining and is ne- gotiating for the acquisition of tidal flats for fish and shrimp culture. Although a Commission of Fisheries was established in 1963 to promote a program de- signed to make the Philippines self-sufficient in fish production, the Philippine fishing in- dustry has long been handicapped by antiquat- ed methods, inadequate facilities, and lack of investment capital. Philippine imports of fish, largely canned sardines from South Africa, are running at the rate of around 38,000 met- ric tons a year. Because of the unsatisfied domestic demand, Philippine exports of fish have been negligible. United States firms, desiring to obtain ad- ditional information about the potential of the fishing industry in the Philippines and about specific investment opportunities there, are invited to write to the Bureau of International Commerce, Office of International Invest- August 1964 . ment, File 4-0910-4H, Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C, 20230. (Internation- al Commerce, June 1, 1964.) OK OK OK OK AID ABSTRACTS AVAILABLE AT DEPART- MENT OF COMMERCE FIELD OFFICES: More than 1,200 studies of investment opportunities have been collected, abstracted, and organized into a card sys- tem by the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). Copies of the new catalog of investment opportunities have been placed in U.S. Department of Commerce field offices in 40 cities. Now a potential investor can simply go to the nearest Commerce Department field office and run through Keysort cards to pick out the type and location of the investment he has in mind, and then read the abstracts. Should he desire to read one of the reports in its entirety, he can obtain a copy at cost through the field office or from the Office of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C, 20230, Where the original study contains sufficiently detailed information, each abstract card contains specific informa- tion on the market, total capital required, projected annual sales, production, finance, profitability, manpower, location, and other relevant data, In other cases, the abstract card contains only a general description and summary. Indexes of the investment studies breaking them down by industry and country are available free of charge at the Com- merce field offices or by writing to AID’s Office of Develop- ment Finance and Private Enterprise, Agency for Interna- tional Development, Washington, D,.C., 20523, Some of the studies were made with AID help and some were sponsored by international banks, foreign governments, foundations, universities, and private firms, In making the catalog of investment opportunities widely available, AID is not vouching for the opportunities it con- tains, but presenting information to investors who wish to know what studies have already been done in their fields of interest, Studies of investments involving food and kindred prod- ucts account for more than those on any other single sub- ject. There are 188 such reports, In second place are the 120 studies on business opportunities for producing chemi- cals and allied products, There are more surveys (86) dealing with the Philippines than any other nation, In second place is Taiwan with 77, fol- lowed by Nigeria with 66, Pakistan with 50, and India with 46, The AID Office of Development Finance and Private En- terprise has arranged to keep the system up to date, AID Missions throughout the world will engage in a continuous process of seeking new studies of investment possibilities and will report them regularly, so they can be added to the existing card system, Those becoming obsolete will be re- moved, (International Commerce, May 25, 1964.) Irradiation Preservation IRRADIATION OF FISH AT SEA: For the preservation of fish at sea, ar- rangements were completed in May 1964 to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 install a pilot-model cobalt-60 irradiator a- board the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. The object of the irradiation experiments at sea is to show that it will result in two im- portant advances: (1) that the quality of fish landed will be significantly higher than that of nonirradiated fish, and (2) that fishing ves- sels can extend their stay at sea when addi- tional time is needed to make up a full load, The experiments are part of the research on the irradiation of fishery products con- ducted by the Bureau's Technological Labora- tory at Gloucester, Mass., the home port of the Delaware. Five of the research vessel's trips in 1965 are tentatively scheduled to in- clude laboratory personnel associated with the irradiation programs. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 19; February 1963 p. 43. Maryland , CHESAPEAKE BAY "FISH-KILL" CONTROLS ESTABLISHED: The Maryland State Natural Resource Board has established procedures for dealing with fish losses in Chesapeake Bay. The Board has arranged: (1) close coordination between State agencies when fish kills occur, (2) a weekly survey of Maryland waters to note any kills, and (3) a research program on the causes of catastrophic fish mortalities. It has been requested that all heavy fish kills in the Chesapeake area be reported to the Maryland State Department of Chesa- peake Bay Affairs. That department coordi- nates all reports and calls in other agencies and groups when their assistance is needed, Water conditions are being checked weekly in areas where heavy losses have been seen in past years. The plane of the Department of Chesapeake Bay Affairs began weekly flights June 1, 1964, over the Potomac, Pa- tuxent, Patapsco, Middle, Back, and Choptank Rivers, Tangier Sound, Eastern Bay, and the Maryland portion of the open Chesapeake Bay. In addition, the Maryland State Department of Water Resources research vessel Monitor is taking weekly samples of water at 15 loca- tions between Rock Hall and Herring Bay, an area where fish have died during many sum- mers, Special additional trips are scheduled 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW when needed, The Monitor is being equipped for automatic data recording and simultaneous sampling of temperature, salinity, oxygen, acidity, and turbidity. Research on suspected causes of fish kills is scheduled to begin in the summer of 1964 at the University of Maryland's biological lab- oratories at Solomons Island and College Park, The research will include a study of the bacteria which killed tremendous numbers of white perch and some other species in 1963, and an investigation of changes in tempera- ture, oxygen, and other environmental condi- tions which may have caused many ofthe past fish kills, It is believed that the heavy fish losses in 1963 will not be repeated in 1964, since the more susceptible fish were killed, and the conditions favoring fish destruction are un- likely to occur in the same patterns in a suc- ceeding year, White perch are widespread and in fairly good supply this year, despite the heavy losses in 1963, There is no indication of any danger to swimmers or other people using Chesapeake Bay waters. Mississippi MISSISSIPPI SOUND POSTLARVAL SHRIMP STUDIES CONTINUED: The study of postlarval shrimp in Missis- Sippi Sound by the Mississippi State Gulf Coast Research Laboratory continued during March- May 1964. Young brown shrimp appeared ear- ly in the year and were more abundant than in 1963. After the peak was reached in April, the number of postlarval shrimp dropped sharply and remained below the 1963 levels since the first of May. Early growth was slow but increased after the water warmed, and it appeared likely that opening of the season would be delayed. Young white shrimp were about a week later this year and numbers were a little higher. (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, June 2, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 25. 2K OK kok STATE GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY RECEIVES GRANTS: A grant of $85,700 to the Mississippi State Gulf Coast Research Laboratory by the Na- Vol. 26, No. 8 tional Science Foundation was announced April 25, 1964, The money is to be used for the purchase of equipment for the Labora- tory's oceanography building which was then under construction, In May, the National Science Foundation awarded another grant of $11,100 to the Lab- oratory for Summer Research, That money will go as payments to students who will be selected by a board after they have attended classes at the laboratory. (Gulf Coast Re- search Laboratory, June 2, 1964.) 35 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations SEA SCALLOP POPULATION , SURVEY ON GEORGES BANK CONTINUED: M/V Albatross IV" Cruise 64-7 (May 13- 22, 1964): To collect quantitative samples of the sea scallop population on the eastern part of Georges Bank was the main purpose ofthis cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Albatross IV. Operations included 180 tows (of 10 min- ute duration) with a 10-foot scallop dredge equipped with an odometer, and 10 drags with a 10-foot beam trawl. An underwater cam- era was attached to the beam trawl during one transect. In another instance, the underwater camera was lowered into a sonar target area. In addition, 200 bathythermograph casts were made, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 41. OK OK KOK BLACKBACK FLOUNDER TAGGING PROGRAM: The Massachusetts State Division of Ma- rine Fisheries and the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., have completed the first phase of a cooperative tagging program, Using Bureau tags, Massachusetts State biol- ogists tagged 7,000 blackback flounders while working aboard chartered otter trawlers in Massachusetts coastal waters north and south of Cape Cod. Bureau biologists aboard the Albatross IV tagged 2,400 fish on Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank. Through May 1964, about 500 tagged fish had been recovered. Of those, 460 had originally been released in in- shore waters and 40 had been released off- August 1964 shore. All recaptured fish were taken in the area of tagging. Hk eK RETURN OF UNMARKED OCEANIC INSTRUMENTS REQUESTED: he rate of return of instruments thrown overboard to rest on the bottom without either a surface or subsurface marker buoy is being $25 REWARD WILL BE PAID FOR THE RECOVERY OF THESE INSTRUMENT CASES. IF FOUND IN YOUR NETS, BRING THEM TO ANY REPRESENTATIVE OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OFFICES LOCATED IN THESE CITIES & TOWNS. PROVINCETOWN MASS. WOODS HOLE,MASS. NEW BEDFORD,MASS. BOSTON, MASS. GLOUCESTER, MASS. ROCKLAND, ME. NEW YORK.N.Y. PORTLAND, ME. testedby the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Ten dummy units were put out on Georges Bank in May 1964, Signs offering a $25 re- ward for their return have been posted at the Boston Fish Pier and the New Bedfordauction room, Handbills offering the reward have been distributed at other ports in New England and eastern Canada, If the experiment is a suc- cess and most of the dummy units are re- turned, scientists plan to put thermographs in pressure cases and set up a program to moni- tor bottom water temperatures continously on various parts of Georges Bank. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Oceanography WATER SAMPLING STUDIES IN CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN: second air flight aroun e island of Oahu in the Central Pacific Ocean was made on April 11, 1964, by staff members of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biolog- ical Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, when some 50 packages of drift cards were released, A total of 8 returned drift cards by the end of April, from this second flight and a previous flight, showed that the water being sampled at Koko Head during April had its origin to the south or southwest of Oahu. wk a ak ae RESEARCH VESSELS OF UNIVERSTIY OF MIAMI NOT SUBJECT TO UNION RULES: The Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, is not subject to the National Labor Relations Act in the employment of seamen on its oceanographic research vessels, an- nounced the Institute's Director this past May, That decision was handed down by the Nation- al Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Washing- ton, D, C., and affirmed a ruling made earlier at a Miami hearing, The case arose after the Seafarers Inter- national Union filed a petition with the NLRB, alleging that the union represented a majority of the unlicensed seamen aboard the Institute's research vessel Pillsbury, The union asked that an election be ordered among the ocean- ographic vessel's crew to determine whether or not they should be unionized, The NLRB decision--that the Institute and all its research vessels are not subject to NLRB jurisdiction (and are therefore, in ef- fect, exempt from unionization attempts by the Seafarers Union)--is based on the fact that the University of Miami is a nonprofit educa- tional institution, In its decision, NLRB stated: ''The Uni- versity of Miami, Institute of Marine Science, although performing research for, and sub- stantially supported by, the Federal Govern- ment, is first and foremost an educational in- stitution for the advanced study of oceanog- raphy. Its research activities contribute di- rectly to its curriculum and program for the practical training of scientists in this field. Hence, this research program is an integral 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW aspect of the Institute's overall educational function. We conclude, therefore, that the ac- tivities of the Institute, including its research program, are primarily educational rather than commercial in character, and we decline to assert jurisdiction herein. Accordingly, we shall dismiss the petition." The Institute Director stated that the Insti- tute's research expenditures amounted to more than $2.7 million in 1963--almost one-third of the total spent on research by the entire Uni- versity of Miami. The Institute of Marine Sci- ence has two large seagoing research vessels, the Pillsbury and the Gerda, plus numerous smaller craft. The 176-foot Pillsbury, newest of the fleet, has already logged more than 25,000 miles at sea and has been making a study of the Gulf of Guinea, along the coast of West Africa. The 75-foot Gerda, a converted North Sea trawler, has been doing research in the Gulf Stream and on the Bahama Banks. (Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, May 13, 1964.) She de Be eee te BS Be Ge BS Ss ‘DEEP-DIVING SUBMARINE FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH COMMISSIONED BY WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION: The Alvin, a 22-foot oceanographic research submarine designed to dive 6,000 feet into the ocean, was commissioned June 5, 1964, by the Woods Hole (Mass.) Oceanographic Institution. A thorough check of all of the installed systems will be made both before and during initial sea trials, and an extensive operator training period in shallow water is planned prior to testing the craft to the design depth of 6,000 feet in the summer of 1964, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 25. Rests sede ste oe 3k ok kc ok GRANTS AWARDED UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI FOR SEA FLOOR STUDIES: Two new grants totaling $348,000 to be used for studies of the ocean floor were received by the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla., announced the Institute Director this past May. The grants, which in- volve geological investigations of the bottom sediments and the topography of the seafloor, were awarded by the National Science Founda- tion. The Institute's scientists willoperate from the Institute's 176-foot oceanographic research Vol. 26, No. 8 vessel, the Pillsbury. Active workon the new projects will begin as soon as the vessel com- pletes its assignment off the coast of West Africa, where Institute scientists were mak- ing studies of the Gulf of Guinea. Most of the work on the sea floor projects will be done in the Caribbean Sea as previous studies indicate that this is one of the best places to obtain undisturbed bottom sediments extending back a million years or more. Such sediments consist mainly of Globigerina-ooze, composed of the shells of microscopic plank- tonic organisms which live in surface layers of the sea. After the organisms die, their shells sink to the bottom. Analysis of the sediments reveals the changing climatic con- ditions during the Pleistocene epoch. Through oxygen isotopic studies made at the Institute of Marine Science, investigators have suc- ceeded in tracing the changes in temperature of surface waters back some 375,000 years, The new study, it is hoped, will extend the record back even farther in geologic time and reveal the pattern of changing conditions throughout the Pleistocene. The topographic studies of the ocean floor will be concerned primarily with an effect to learn more about the origin, composition, and shape of the abyssal hills--unique hills aver- aging about 1,200 feet in height which cover half the entire ocean floor. Some geologists believe the abyssal hills may be composed of basalt from the earth's lower crust. The University of Miami team will inves- tigate in detail some typical abyssal hill fields between Bermuda and Puerto Rico, The distribution of hills within selectedareas will be studied, and the shapes of particular hills investigated in detail with a view to mapping their topography. Samples of the hills and the surrounding areas willbe taken by coring. (Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, May 6, 1964.) Oregon STEELHEAD PLANTED IN YAMHILL RIVER: total of 256 adult spawning winter steel- head trout were transplanted to the Yamhill River system in May 1964 from the Oregon Fish Commission's Dexter holding pond on the Middle Willamette River. Transplanting August 1964 the adult spawners to the Yamhill and letting nature rear the young of the transplanted fish to downstream migrant size will help build up the winter steelhead population of the system. Until recently, poor seasonal passage con- ditions at Willamette Falls as well as Lafay- ette Dam on the lower Yamhill had blocked the fish production potential of the river. In late 1963, a Yamhill County crew, with the assistance of Oregon Fish Commission engi- neers, breached the obsolete Lafayette Dam in an effort to provide access to the upriver spawning areas, Experimental releases of both steelhead and silver salmon fingerlings in the Yamhill by the Fish Commission during the past sev- eral years have demonstrated the suitability of the system for rearing the fish to down- stream migrant size. The Oregon Game Com- mission early in 1964 liberated some 130 adult steelhead in the Yamhill system from the surplus returning to its Alsea hatchery, The additional steelhead transplant from the Middle Willamette, coupled with progress in planning and negotiations for new upstream passage facilities over Willamette Falls at Oregon City, has brightened the future out- look for the development of a worthwhile steel head run on this readily accessible lower Wil- lamette tributary. (Oregon Fish Commission, May 20, 1964.) vic) COLUMBIA RIVER SUMMER FISHERY POSTPONED: The Columbia River summer commercial salmon season did not open June 16, 1964,as previously scheduled, The decision to delay the opening was the result of joint action tak- en by the Washington State Department of Fisheries and the Oregon State Fish Commis- sion at a public hearing in Portland, Oreg., on June 10, The late spring runoff brought the Columbia River to near flood stage, ef- fectively stopping the migration of chinook salmon. A fishery on those stationary fish in muddy water would take more salmon than should be harvested from the run, Salmon When a migration rate of 1,500 chinook salmon a day over Bonneville Dam showed that the salmon are on the move once again, an opening day for the commercial fishery COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 was to be set. (Washington State Department of Fisheries, June 12, 1964.) Shellfish ANESTHETIC MAY AID BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH: proposed shellfish anesthetic has been investigated by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Mil- ford, Conn, The experiments involved pro- pylene phenoxetol, a colorless, oily, nontoxic liquid that has been reported effective as an anesthetic for shellfish. A drug which would permit experimental manipulation of com- pletely relaxed but living mollusks would be of great value for anatomical and physiologi- cal investigations, Actively pumping hard clams (M, mer- cenaria) were exposed to varying concentra- tions of propylene phenoxetol in sea water, At drug levels of 0.5 to 1 percent, about 20 percent of the treated clams gaped, because completely relaxed, and could be freely han- dled. Shortly after being returned to normal sea water, they showed complete recovery. In another experiment, clams, oysters, and mussels were anesthetized by hypodermic injection into the mantle cavity, but high mor- tality followed the direct injection treatment, Ca Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, MAY 1964: Item and Period INS shies eae January-March .. January- December rime | 22-880) 13.877 14,849] 17,397 FunewsO sete. 19,416] 15,338 (Table somisaed on next page) 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 | 1963 [ 1962 | 1961 1960 « « « (1,000 Lbs. Heads-Off)..... February 29 .... January 31 January-March .. January-December 33,169] 31,617| 24, 151,530/141,103 |126,268|113,418 55.8 53.7 52.8 55.4 56.0 53.5 52.5 February January Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-lb, pkg.), Chicago, Ill.: BS 77-97 o 10-75 February Januar. 1/Pounds of headless sh 30.3 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau of the Census, 4/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, only. Note: May 1964 landings and quandlty used for canning estimated from information published daily, by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico SOVIET FISHING ACTIVITY: Fifteen Soviet vessels fishing off North ‘Carolina and Virginia with large mid-water trawls were spotted during March and April 1964, Soviet fishing vessels were seen peri- odically in the Gulf of Mexico. In June some of them were:seen 20 miles off Tarpon Springs, Fla. It was reported that Soviet activities in the Gulf appeared to be of an exploratory na- ture--with evidence of increasing effort. It was believed some of those vessels were based in Cuba. Vol. 26, No. 8 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program BOTTOMFISH EXPLORATIONS CONTINUED: M/V ‘Silver Bay ruise pril = May 19, 1964): To continue bottomfish ex- plorations off South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida was the primary objective of this 20-day cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing ves - sel Silver Bay. A total of 68 exploratory fishing stations were occupied onthe outer Continental Shelf. Exploratory gear consisted primarily of 50/70-foot, 45-inch mesh and 70/90-foot, 23-inch mesh roller-rigged fish trawls. The nets were fishedon 8-foot bracket doors with 15-foot leglines. Cod-ends were 13-inch mesh. Trawling and sonic fish detection transects confirmed previous observations that the file- fish (Stephanolepis hispidus) is presently the dominant fish, both numerically and by weight, in the 13- to 25-fathom depth range off much of the southeastern coast. Trawling in those depths east of St. Augustine, Fla., produced only small amounts of vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens), red snapper (Lut- janus aya), and groupers mixed with 1,000= to 4,000-pound catches of filefish. Limited trawling was done east of the Sa- vannah (Ga.) light vessel to assess the season- al availability of two fish populations located during previous Silver Bay cruises. In that area, pink porgies (Pagrus sedecim) and but- terfish (Poronotus triacanthus) were still present in large numbers in trawl samples at 35-40 fathoms and 75-85 fathoms. Snapper and grouper were taken through- out the survey area, Trawling in 24 fathoms in one area off South Carolina (32°40! N., 78 34' W.), produced small amounts of pink porgy, red snapper, red grouper (Epinephalus morio), scamp (Mycteropera phenas), andgag (M. microlepis). Hand Lines fished for 3 hours in 31-34 fathoms at another South Carolina location (32°21' N., 79°02" W.), produced a 1,425-pound catch consisting of grouper, large red snapper, and amberjack. Extensive midwater and near-bottom fish schools were recorded in 70 fathoms off St. Helena Sound, S.C. Catch results indicated that most of those schools consisted of round herring (Etrumeus sadina). August 1964 er tn | COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 Station (s) @ - Fish trawl. * - Handline. Areas investigated during M/V Silver Bay Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 25. Tagging PATENTS AWARDED ON NEW METHODS FOR TRACKING FISH MIGRATIONS: The patent rights on a newly developed de- vice that may prove effective in more accu- rately following the migrations of salmon and other fish were recently received by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Tagging programs are considered an es- sential part of scientific studies done on fish migrations. Recently, a patent on a new method of tagging young fish and later re- covering them was awarded to two employees Cruise 57 (April 30-May 19, 1964). of the Washington State Department of Fish- eries, A specially developed instrument, on which another patent is pending, inserts a tiny steel wire in the head of the fish. The wire is cod- ed with strips of color or magnetic bits of in- formation, which the fish carries as it moves about. Electronic equipment installed in fish- processing establishments separates the tagged fish from untagged fish and the wires are then extracted for scientific study. The process was originally developed to evaluate Columbia River salmon resources. (Science News Let- ter, May 2, 1964.) wen e ie 40 Trout U.S. PRODUCTION BY COMMERCIAL FARMS: Commercial trout farms throughout the “United States are estimated to produce about 54 million pounds of trout each year. Con- verted to number of fish, this would be about 25 million trout. The gross income from the sale of those trout is more than $5 million a year. This information is contained in a report titled ''The Commercial Trout Farming in the U.S.A.,'' published in the July-August 1961 is- sue of the U.S. Trout News. A portion of that report stated: "Trout production was probably not less than 5,333,000 pounds (3,125,000 pounds re- ported and 2,188,000 pounds estimated) or 24,987,000 fish (12,481,000 reported in 1959, 3,750,000 additional based on the 1954 survey, and 8,756,000 additional estimated by the As- sociation),"' "By comparison in 1958 the Federal Gov- ernment and the various states involved dis- tributed a combined total of 12,771,770 pounds of trout (175,602,250 fish). Thus, trout pro- duction by all means, private and public, in the United States must be in the neighborhood of at least 18 to 20 million pounds annually. Rainbow trout account for approximately 3 of this total." (U. S. Trout News, March-April 1964.) Tuna 1964 ALBACORE AND BLUEFIN TUNA CATCH FORECAST FOR UNITED STATES PACIFIC COASTAL AREA: Following is a report by the staff on the Tuna Forecasting Program of the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego, concerning the ex- pected catch during 1964 in the temperate tuna fishery of the eastern Pacific Ocean: Albacore: During 1963 additional research indicated a relationship between oceanic con- ditions and the onset of the albacore fishery. Normally, in the temperate eastern Pacific, the ocean changes from winter cooling to spring heating in early March. In years when the change occurs early, the albacore fishery COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 Early -Season Albacore Landings for California (June) and Oregon-Washington (July) Landings Calif. (June) Oreg.-Wash. (July) Oo oto oo (HERG Gg 6 on Oo 1963 2/9 1/ 1962 28,414 1/ 1961 35, 603 1/ 1960 126, 383 23, 007 1959 50,976 1, 881, 881 1958 14,228 415, 892 1957 511,799 94, 468 1956 210,527 ) 1955 16,002 0) 1954 2, 866 ) 1953 97, 258 0 1952 6, 299 14,509 1951 157,917 95,145 1950 1, 143, 139 3,819, 132 1949 82,747 1,401,712 1948 85 4,505, 801 1947 415, 849 2, 303,505 1946 424,082 1/ 1945 6,175 1/ Average 1/Data not available. 2/Preliminary. 3/Computed on basis of 1947-1960 landings. usually begins early; conversely, whenheat- ing is late, the onset of the fishery is delayed. This year initial heating was later than usu- al, and consequently, it was forecast that June 1964 landings of albacore in California would be below average. California albacore land- ings in June for the period 1945-1963 have averaged 175,282 pounds and ranged from over one million pounds in 1950 to zero in 1963 (see table). In addition, because ocean waters off Oregon and Washington in 1964 were colder than average, and the change from cooling to heating was also late in that area, it was estimated that July 1964 alba- core landings in those States would also be below average (see table). The forecast called for the best albacore fishing in July 1964 off southern California to be located inapproximately a rectangle area ex- tending roughly from 30° N. latitude to a line running west through San Clemente and San Juan Islands. The western boundary of that area should be in the vicinity of 124 W. longi- tude (see chart on following page), The area begins some 30 to 50 miles offshore and en- compasses the offshore waters between San Clemente Island and just north of Guadalupe Island. It was indicated that good fishing for albacore could extend to Guadalupe, That area was plotted from April 1964 tempera- ture and salinity data taken at a depth of 10 meters, As a result of an unusually intense upwelling affecting temperature and salinity August 1964 GUA’ Rarer Cross-hatched region delineates the area expected to produce about two-thirds of the total July 1964 albacore catch off south- erm California (United States) and Baja California (Mexico). data along the southern California coast, the predicted area of good albacore fishing may not represent sufficiently the southern limit of the fishery. The estimate of the 1964 albacore catch is restricted, as inprevious years, to the amount that willbe taken south of the International Bor- der between the United States and Mexico. The basis of that prediction is the apparent re- lationship between water temperature at se- lected shore stations during the winter months and the catch the following summer of alba- core off Baja California and bluefin off south- ern California. In ''cold" years both species generally occur farther south and in "warm" years, farther north. It is expected that about 9.8 million pounds of albacore willbe caught in 1964 from waters south of the United States- Mexican Border, which is below the 1945-1962 average albacore catch of 14.2 million pounds. In 1963, it was estimated that the landings from south of the International Border would be slightly less than average. Preliminary data indicate that about 7 million pounds were taken, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 Bluefin: Fishing effort devoted to bluefin tuna has increased markedly in the years since the conversion of the tropical bait-boat fleet to purse-seining. Conduct of the fish- ery has apparently changed also in less obvi- ous ways, for there has been little success in forecasting the catch from waters north of the United States-Mexican Border. The relation- ship mentioned above (whereby the bluefin catch north of the International Border was found to be related to winter water tempera- ture) will have to be modified to account for the recent changes in fleet composition. In 1962, on the basis of historical data, it was forecast that 5.7 million pounds of blue- fin would be landed from waters north of the International Border, Entry of converted purse seiners increased fishing effort more than 3 times the average for the preceding 10 years and the catch of 17.0 million pounds in 1962 was about 3 times that predicted. In 1963, it was estimated that 7.7 million pounds of bluefin tuna would be caught from the north- ern region with effort comparable to precon- version years, but that effort equalling 1962 might result in a catch of 15-20 million pounds. Effort, although not yet tabulated, was about the same as in 1962, Preliminary statistics indicate, however, that the fleet still caught only about 7 million pounds north of the International Border. Based upon the catch-temperature relation- ship for the years 1945-1959, and without at- tempting to correct for increased fishing ef- fort, it is forecast that 9.6 million pounds of bluefin will be landed in 1964 from waters north of the United States-Mexican Border, That is 2.7 million pounds more than the av- erage for the years 1945-1959, Early Season Surveys: The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Black Douglas and the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Sco- field departed the latter part of May 1964 in a joint preseason albacore oceanographic sur- vey. On May 1, Navy picket vessels began trolling for albacore at offshore stations, Radio broadcasts were made to the fishing industry on the results of those early season studies. A radio report from the M/V Black Douglas stated that the first albacore were caught on June 7. A total of 61 albacore (rang- ing from 5 to 15 pounds) were caught in water 63° to 65° F, about 120 miles west-southwest 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of Erben Bank, a seamount located about 1,000 miles due west of San Diego. The vessel re- port said that the tugboat Elaine Foss also caught 2 albacore on the same day in 65° F, water about 250 miles west of the area where the Black Douglas located the fish. The M/V N. B. Scofield reported catching one 13-pound albacore in 60° F. water on June 9, about 400 miles west of Point Conception. Radio broad- casts were being made daily by the research vessels until July 6, to provide information on the shoreward movement of the summer alba- core movement, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 55. U. S. Fishing Vessels FISHERIES LOAN FUND AND OTHER FINANCIAL AID FOR VESSELS, APRIL 1-JUNE 30, 1964: From the beginning of the program in 1956 through June 30, 1964, a total of 1,487 loan applications for $39,840,256 were received by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Agency administering the Federal Fisheries Loan Fund, Of the total, 791 applications ($17,802,763) had been approved, 504 ($12,270,419) had been declined or found ineligible, 171 ($6,394,505) had been withdrawn by the applicants before being processed, and 21 ($1,406,700) were pending, Of the applica- tions approved, 299 were approved for amounts less than ap- plied for. The total reduction was $1,965,869. The following loans were approved from April 1, 1964, through June 30, 1964: New England Area: James M, White, Peace Dale, R. L., $4,340; Skipjack Fishing Corp., New Bedford, Mass., $50,000; Stanley Ripley, Matinicus Island, Maine, $2,000; Wallace K, Arey, Camden, Maine, $1,600; Robert L. Goodspeed, Trevett, Maine, $3,248; and Edward E, Benner, Jr., Round Pond, Maine, $7,500, California: Joseph A, Gann, et al, San Diego, $131,200; William A, McPhee, Moss Landing, $13,580; Eugene A, Smith, Isleton, $2,000; San Juan, Inc., San Diego, $690,000; Richard Robertson, Shell Beach, $10,449; James Friscia, San Francis- co, $3,800; and Emerson Simmons, San Francisco, $6,000. South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Carl Lewis, Cape Charles, Va., $3,000; James Strickland, Freeport, Tex., $14,400; Eddie S, Gilden, Aransas Pass, Tex., $21,787; and John Ross, Biloxi, Miss., $15,752. Great Lakes Area: Harold Lamb, Rogers City, Mich., $4,000, Pacific Northwest Area: William M, Suryan, Anacortes, Wash., $9,160; David W. Carr, Seattle, Wash., $5,000; Ora L, Olson, Snohomish, Wash., $45,000; Ottar G, Larsen, Seattle, Wash., $32,000; Nate Smith, Brookings, Oreg., $5,000; Floyd D. Furfiord, Westport, Wash., $25,000; Knute Hillmar, Seattle, Wash., $4,000; Allen K, Rhoades, Bay Center, Wash., $6,299; Peter C. Rosberg, Burton, Wash., $35,000; Roy E, Johnson, Seattle, Wash., $59,000; Jack D, Durham, Seattle, Wash., $17,400; Lloyd N. Whaley, Seattle, Wash., $45,000; and Tony Franulovich, Anacortes, Wash., $8,000. Vol. 26, No. 8 Alaska: Douglas R, Putansu, Kodiak, $8,000; Donald B, Fos- ter, Kodiak, $20,000; William R. Berestoff, Kodiak, $42,000; Emil C, Christouersen, Koaiak, $18,500; Pete & Bill Walkoff, Kodiak, $28,000; Bennett G. Groteclose, Kodiak, $11,000; James Veach, Kodiak, $6,000; James E. Veazey, Kodiak, $17,000; John R, Boggs, Ouzinkie, $1,300; Jefferson Grey, Kodiak, $25,000; Egbert Intvelt, Kodiak, $1,500; Elmer E, Dean, Kodiak, $13,000; Richard D, Kramer, Kodiak, $4,800; Hans P, Olsen, Jr., Kodiak, 70,000; Eugene N, McLeod, Ko- diak, $27,000; Aaron W. Bauder, Palmer, $8,120; Turi Kivisto, Cordova, $4,260; William F, Smith, Cordova, $9,000; J. A. Rollin, Cordova, $11,486; Ernest J. Galliher, Kodiak, $40,875; Robert I, Ditman & George Hillar, Valdez, $36,000; Jack E. Crowley, Juneau, $2,600; Charles R. Lesher, Juneau, $9,200; Jess E, Padon, Port Alexander, $8,316; Walter Cooper, Seward, $14,000; LeRoy C, Hollman, Seward, $8,970; Marvin Lyle Drag- seth, Sutton, $7,372; Arthur E, Foss, Kenai, $16,000; Neil Sargent, Kodiak, $3,200; Ben B, Sudduth, Ketchikan, $4,500; Clifford E, Alexander, Homer, $700; Adam J. Cichoski, Ko- diak, $5,000; Oliver & Samuel Selvog, Kodiak, $8,776; Eli Metrokin, Kodiak, $6,000; Larry S, Matfay, Old Harbor, $4,500; Donald Hamilton, Ketchikan, $9,500; Roy Will Allen, Haines, $6,400; Morris Porter, Jr., Kenai, $5,900; Trawlers, Inc., Seward, $17,500; Charles R. Martin, Kodiak, $4,880; ' William Yurioff, Kodiak, $2,633; Peter P. Squartsoff, Kodiak, $1,000; Gerasim Pestrikoff, Sitka, $22,800; Martin Goresen, Seward, $6,175; Duke R. Jones, Kodiak, $3,525; Herman Andrewvitch, Old Harbor, $400; Raymond Kelly, Old Harbor, $3,050; Paul N, Swenning, Old Harbor, $6,000; Carl R. Christiansen, Old Harbor, $650; and Edward Pestrikoff, Old Harbor, $500, Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program (al- so administered by the Bureau) during the second quarter of 1964, a total of 5 applications for $155,275 were received and 11 applications for $381,809 were approved, Since the pro- ram began (July 5, 1960), 55 applications were received for 4,896,614. Of the total, 44 applications were approved for $2,970,221 and 3 applications for $238,347 were pending as of June 30, 1964, Since the mortgage program began, applica- tions received and approved by area are: New England Area: Received 11 ($1,054,500), approved 8 ($775,365). California Area: Received and approved 1 ($557,000). South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 33 ($1,384,090), ap- proved 28 ($1,075,336). Pacific Northwest Area: Received 7 ($1,846,250), approved 4 ($507,546). Alaska Area: Received 3 ($54,774), approved 3 ($54,774). The large number of loan applications from Alaska during the period was the result of the March 27 earthquake there. In April, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries opened an emer- gency Loan Office in Kodiak to arrange for loans to fishing ves- sel owners in the Kodiak area whose vessels or fishing gear were lost or damaged during the earthquake, kk kk DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, MARCH 1964: During March 1964, a total of 27 vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first docu- ments as fishing craft, as compared with 36 in March 1963. There were 39 documents cancelled for fishing vessels in March 1964, the same as in March 1963. August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 Table 4 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, March 1964 2/ Horse- power Chesapeake |South Atlantic |Gulf Pacific | Total Number). .. Table 1 - U. S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, March 1964 with Comparisons Issued first documents 2/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Puerto Rico emoved from documentation 3/ New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii RP PRE NU NMR OWOeOR eee T/i oth commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of S net tons and over. 2/There were no redocumented vessels in March 1964 previously removed from the records. Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 21 in 1964; 1 in 1961; 1 in 1958; and 4 prior to 1951. 3 des vessel reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. ae hee paroset, Table 2 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Length and Area, March 19642/ U. S. Foreign Trade IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA (BRINE) UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-May 30, 1964, amount- ed to 14,496,778 pounds (about 690,320 stand- ard cases), according to preliminary data com - piled by the U.S. Bureau of Customs. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the United States during the cal- endar year 1964 at the 12}-percent rate of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds (or about 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7-oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that quota will be dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. a PRP NE NE RP RRR RUE Hoe Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4. Table 3 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Tonnage and Area, March 19642/ kK KOK OK Gross PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, APRIL 1964: ——_—_—_—___ United States imports of processed edible fishery products in April 1964 were down 6.5 percent in quantity and 5,4 per- cent in value from those in the previous month, There was a general decline in imports of most fish fillet items as well as canned sardines in oil and canned oysters, Imports were up for canned albacore tuna in brine, canned sardines not in oil, and canned crab meat, 5 4 2 2 1 3 4 5 1 Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in April 1964 showed little change in overall totals, A gain this April in imports of fish blocks and slabs, canned sardines not in oil, and canned crab meat was about offset by smaller ship- 44 U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, April 1964 with Comparisons Fish & Shellfish: CUS reau of the Census as 'Manufactured foodstuffs.'"' Included are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving substantial processing, i.e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fil- lets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise processed). 2/Excludes fresh and frozen. ments of groundfish fillets, sea catfish fillets, canned tuna in brine, canned sardines in oil, and canned oysters. In the first 4 months of 1964, imports were up 1.8 percent in quantity and 5.1 percent in value from those in the same pe- riod of 1963. During January-April 1964 there were larger imports of groundfish fillets, flounder fillets, blocks and slabs, sea catfish fillets, and yellow pike fillets. But imports were down for swordfish fillets, canned sardines in oil and not in oil, and canned tuna in brine. Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in April 1964 were up 20 percent in quantity and 70 percent in value from those in the previous month. In April, there was a sharp increase in exports of canned salm- on as well as larger shipments of canned sardines not-in-oil, The gain was partly offset by a drop in shipments of canned mackerel and canned sardines in oil, Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in April 1964 were up 87.5 percent in quantity and 112.5 percent in value. This April there were larger ship- ments of all leading canned fish export items except canned squid, Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 4 months of 1964 were up 18.3 percent in quantity and 30.6 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. In January- April 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mackerel and shipments of canned sardines in oil and canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned sardines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply. Notes: (1) Prior to October 1963, the data shown were included in news articles on "U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products." Before October 1963, data showing "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and crude products, At present, a monthly summary of U.S. imports of crude or monprocessed fishery products is not available; therefore; only imports of manufactured or processed fishery products are reported, The import data are, therefore, not comparable to pre- vious reports of "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products." The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U.S. Exports of Edible Fishery Products, '' The export data in this series of articles have always been limited to manufactured or processed products, (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 36. A ae S U.S. Research Vessels "DELAWARE II’ TO BE BUILT AS NEW EXPLORATORY FISHING RESEARCH VESSEL: A contract for the constructionofa 155.5- foot fisheries research vessels has been a- warded to a shipbuilding firm in South Port- land, Maine, oy the U.S. Bureau of Commer- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 26, No. 8 cial Fisheries. The vessel is to be operated by the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing Base, Gloucester, Mass., and will replace the vet- eran research vessel Delaware. The newves- sel will be named Delaware II and will con- tinue fisheries investigation work in the North Atlantic. The design and construction of the Dela- ware II will enable the ship to operate from subarctic regions to the tropics in all seasons. Stores and fresh-water provisions will allow the vessel to remain at sea for 30-day peri- ods. Fuel oil capacity is sufficient to pro- vide an 8,000-mile cruising radius. Air-con- ditioned quarters are provided for a comple- ment of 6 scientists and 13 crew members. The Delaware II will be equipped with two laboratories and a special chartroom. To aid scientific investigations, the vessel will also be provided with sophisticated electronic fish-detecting equipment and an underwater television system for observing the operation of fishing gear and its effect upon fish. Of special interest is the deck layout, fea- turing a new concept in stern trawling. The stern is fitted with a sloping ramp running from waterline to the main deck. A passage, 10 feet wide, extends the entire length of the vessel to the trawl winch, which is located forward. Those features allow the trawl to be hauled aboard ina single, fast, efficient operation. The deckhouse, through which the trawl passage runs, affords protection for the crew while working on the net and the catch. Capabilities for side trawling, long-lining, gill-netting, and purse-seining are also pro- vided. Facilities will be provided to allow future research on methods of preserving and proc- essing fish at sea, Included are equipment for ice-making, brine- and blast-freezing, and irradiation. The vessel's insulated hold will have a 16-ton freezing capacity. The principal specifications of the Dela- ware IJ are: length overall 155.5 feet, beam 30 feet, draft 11.5 feet, displacement (full load) 680 tons, and deadweight 180 tons. The Delaware II will be powered by a 1,000 hp.-=Diesel engine, driving a solid wheel through reduction gears, which will enable the vessel to cruise at 12.5 knots. Two 115- kilowatt a.c. generators will supply the ves- sel's regular power demand, as well as pow- August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Banks, Lime Kiln, Mitchell Bay, and Stuart Island, Biologists from the Washington State Department of Fisheries will be on board the vessels atalltimes duringtagging. The proj- ect is part of a continuing program to learn more about the migration patterns of adult salmon. (Washington State Department of Fisheries, May 29, 1964.) er for experimental fishing techniques, such as electro-fishing. It is believed that the new vessel, in addi- tion to efficiently carrying out the objectives of the Bureau's research programs, will pro- vide an example to the United States fisher- man of a modern concept in efficient trawler design. Wholesale Prices Washington EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, JUNE 1964: There was only a slight increase (0,2 percent) from the previous month in the June 1964 wholesale price index for edible fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned), But prices for most salt-water fishery products this June were higher than in May, Processed frozen fish and shellfish was the only subgroup index that rose from May to June, solely because of higher frozen shrimp prices in June, At 105.6 per- cent of the 1957-59 average, the index this June was 7.7 per- cent lower than for the same month a year earlier, June 1964 prices for most items were generally lower than in June 1963, SALMON TAGGING IN PUGET SOUND CONTINUED: The purse-seiners Welcome, Victory, and Sykes have been chartered for salmon tagging during August and September 1964 in north- ern Puget Sound by the Washington State De- partment of Fisheries. The 3 vessels will operate during weekly 2- and 3-day closures of net fishing, They will tag fish at West 5 c : Prices this June were mostly lower in the drawn, dressed Beach, Rosario Strait, Iceberg Point, Salmon y, 1 i or whole finfish subgroup and the index was down 1.1 percent Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shelifish, June 1964 with Comparisons - Point of Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit (Siew (1957 -59=100) June June May igs 1968 une 1964 | 1964 105.6 | 105.4 | 103.1) 1144 Eresh & Frozen Fishery Products: - +--+ + ++ +s Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: — a. fete)'e wt aie stele ty aueteus Haddock, Ige., ‘offshore, drawn, fresh ..... Halibut, West., 20/80 Ibs., drsd., fresh or froz. Salmon, king, Ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. Whitefish, L.Superior, drawn, fresh. ..... Yellow pike, L.Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh , Processed, Fresh (Hish & Shellfish): : Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20-Ib, tins . . B. Ti 71. rig 3 aera Shrimp, Ige. (26-30 count), headless, fresh oe eit af = 117.2 | 116.0 | 111.3) 133.0 .| Norfolk 7.00 ae 118.0 | 126.5 126.5| 143.3 Oysters, shucked, standards , Process coe sh & & Shellfish): = Sab Saeed ets; Flounder pipe « oat Haddock, oe ails on, TE pkg. ie Ocean perch, lge., skins on 1-1b, pkg. - Shrimp, lge, (26-30 count), brown, 5=1b. pkg. Canned Fishery Products; . ciate Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall tall (16 oz. x 48 cans/es, |! Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 0z.), . A ssas/cSiUOIS AM AIO 6 22 ; Mackerel, jack, Calif., No. ital (15 OZ e)s Hats aBicauS/ CS.) vas). sss Sas Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, i/adrawn |): (3-3/4 0z.), 100 cans/cs. . epre: a e mom ~ prices are published as indicators of Roeesa lh and not SSeS abate el. Daily het News Service “Fishery Products Reports” should be referred to for actual prices. 2/Replaced California canned sardines starting December 1962; entered wholesale price index at 100 under revised pro= ~ cedures of Bureau of Labor Statistics, 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW : Se OM : Fresh East Coast shrimp on display at one of the stands in the New York City Fulton Fish Market. from the previous month, Prices this June were sharply low- er for Great Lakes fresh-water fish and fresh and frozen king salmon at New York City (down 2.4 percent from the pre- vious month). But prices were higher for ex-vessel large had- dock (up 24,3 percent) at Boston and fresh and frozen halibut (up 5,4 percent) at New York City. Compared with June 1963, prices in the subgroup this June were lower (by 3.1 percent) for all products, except salmon (up 5.0 percent) and halibut (up 0.6 percent), From June a year earlier, ex-vessel large Vol. 26, No. 8 haddock prices were down 23,3 percent and Lake Superior whitefish prices were sharply lower by 24,8 percent this June, The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish in June 1964 was down 2.0 percent from the previous month, From May to June prices were lower for shucked standard oysters (wholesale price down 50 cents a gallon) at Norfolk, The lower prices for oysters were offset by increases in prices for fresh haddock fillets (up 8.5 percent) at Boston and fresh shrimp (up 1.0 percent) at New York City. Com- pared with June 1963, the subgroup index this June was down 15.0 percent because prices for all items in the subgroup were down substantially, In the subgroup for processed frozen fish and shellfish there were price changes only for frozen shrimp and had- dock fillets with the index up 4.2 percent from the previous month, Prices for other items in the subgroup were un- changed from May to June, A stronger market for frozen shrimp at Chicago saw higher prices (up 9.4 percent) than in the previous month, but prices for haddock fillets were lower by 2.9 percent. As compared with June 1963, prices for all items in the subgroup were considerably lower this June and the index was down 12.7 percent. The subgroup index for canned fishery products was un- changed from May to June because higher prices for Califor- nia canned jack mackerel (up 1.9 percent) were offset by a slight drop in prices for canned Maine sardines (down 0.6 percent), Prices for canned pink salmon this June were the same as in May but were 7.3 percent lower than in June 1963, Stocks of canned pink salmon on June 1, 1964, were reported liberal and estimated to be several hundred thousand cases above normal for that date. Stocks of canned jack mackerel were below normal due te lower California landings of that species. Prices for canned Maine sardines were lowered by some distributors in anticipation of the new-season pack, The subgroup index this June was lower than for the same month a year earlier by 1.8 percent principally because of lower pink salmon prices. NORTH AMERICAN CATFISH ARE SOLICITOUS PARENTS Catfishare known tobe careful parents. Many ofthem buildnests and take care of their young after they hatch. Fresh-water catfish can sometimes be seen near the edge of lakes in early summer as one ofthe parents, usually the father, patiently swims near his brood of finger-sized, dark-colored offspring. There are about two dozen kinds of catfish inthe world. Our North Ameri- can catfish belong to two families--the fresh-water (Ictaluridae) and the salt- water (Ariidae). Many catfish males carry the eggs in their mouths, sometimes for a few months. After the eggs hatch, the male catfish carries on with his parental duty by following the tiny offspring, openinghis mouthfor them to flee inside at the first sign of danger. They are called catfish because of the whiskers (barbels) around their head, and there are many superstitions about them, including the nickname, children of the devil. Catfish have spines inthe fins which can cutthehand ofa careless angler. A gland near the base of the spine secretes a substance that increases the swelling and painfulness of the wound. (Science News Letter, June 20, 1964.) August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 international FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY-MARCH 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza- tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal, The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa, Produc- tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu- ary- March 1964 were up substantially from that same peri- od of the previous year, Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-March 1963-1964 February March Jan.- Mar. 1964 ilies 1964 1963 | 1964 Ee . .. (1,000 Metric Tons).. Country ORWAY We sis 0 is EYBtia. st ulate . Africa (inc. S W. Africa) 133.1 | 561.6 | 435.9 Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-March 1963-1964 Country 1964 | 1963 o.P Se Sa oede Metric Tons)).)s 2/649 Kates eres st cpemaie 1/ IAN Ola ere otet a os Mcelanad... 02) 2s). « INO WAY. «soe a ne POU iced epee ue fe 21 = So, Africa (inc. S., W...Africa) isis i F Soh wind 74.2 |249.9 |154,0 |671.3 | 399.6 1/Data not available, Chile became a member of FEO at the end of 1963. 2/Data not reported, During the first quarter of 1964, Peru accounted for 69,2 percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO coun- tries, followed by Norway with 9.6 percent, South Africa with 7.9 percent, Chile with 7.6 percent, and Iceland with 5.7 per- cent. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 3, 1964.) WORLD PRODUCTION: March 1964: World fish meal production in March 1964 was substantially above that in the same month of the previ- ous year, according to preliminary data from the Internation- al Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers. Compared with the previous month, production in March 1964 was up 38.8 percent due mainly to heavier output in Peru, Norway, and South Africa. World Fish Meal Production by Countries, 1 January-March 1963-1964 ————s Country Canada sade oeisiee ere 11,000 25,613 Denmark ....... ie 15,017 18,611 France .... “ 3,300 3,300 German Federal Rep. 19,535 19,872 Netherlands ...... 1/ 900 San a as 1/ 7,016 SWEGEM oo conti 2,012 1,207 United Kingdom Signaue 21,128 20,003 United States ..... ‘ 6,053 7,075 ozola 5:5 OTE, Oo 2/5,566 7,553 Hcelandter.renwiete kee 21,028 21,470 INORG ate oles. e!evere 6 43,238 10,370 PET Vee ns A 495,937 | 313,537 So. Afr. (incl. s. W. Afr) 65,437 48,089 eisivm. 6 > os & eee Rete rale isle crarelciee «© Morocco ee ed ES ike unital ia sae 187,498 | 757,785 | 505,741 1/Data not available. 2/Data available only for January 1964. | 276,229 Note: Japan does not report fish meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. World fish meal production in the first 3 months of 1964 was considerably above that in the same period of 1963, The increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru which accounted for about 65 percent of world output during January-March 1964, There was also a noticeable increase in Norwegian and South African production in January-March 1964, The gain was offset partly by a sharp drop in Cana- dian output. Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table), He ook sk ook ok ae OK KOK February 1964: World fish meal production in February 1964 was substantially above that in the same month of the previous year, according to preliminary data from the In- ternational Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers. Com- pared with the previous month, production in February 1964 was down 29 percent due mainly to lower output in Peru. 48 International (Contd.): World Fish Meal Production by Countries, January-February 1963-1964 Jan.-Feb, 481,556 1/Data not available. 2/Data available only for January 1964. Notes A yapan aes ee report fish meal production to the International Association of e' anufacturers at present, P World fish meal productioninthe first two months of 1964 was considerably above that in the same period of 1963, The increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru which accounted for about 66 percent of world output during January-February 1964, There was also a noticeable in- crease in Norwegian and South African production in January- February 1964, The gain was offset partly by lower output in Canada, Denmark, the United States, and Iceland. Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table), sk sk ok Kx COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SUPPLY INDICATORS FOR PRINCIPAL EXPORTING AND IMPORTING COUNTRIES, 1963: The Fish Meal Exporters Organization (FEO) has estimated world fish meal produc- tion in 1963 at 2,800,000 metric tons (exclud- Vol. 26, No. 8 Fish Meal Supply Indicators for Principal Exporting and Importing Countries, 1963 Domestic Consum ption!/ - ».. .(Metric Tons). ... 1, 159, 200 2/1, 169, 700 Peru) 20 jee wee South Africa Republic Total Production and Imports - +... (Metric Tons). .....- 566, 400 440, 000 369, 300 United States... . Japan) 9) « « West Germany ... United Kingdom ... 356, 600 Netherlands ..... 182, 600 Spain o500d 106, 000 INC og OU ooGOd 89, 500 tally Ana) ieelketcits tells iie 62, 700 Belgium amo ac 52, 800 Sweden. ....s.see 36, 500 Switzerland ..... 21, 100 Eastern European countries 160,559 3/ 775,400] 1,668,659| 2,444,059 Mota lene. 1/Estimated. 2/Revised. 3/Not available. Note: There may be small discrepancies between data shown above and previously published fish meal production and for- eign trade data for selected countries. Source: Fish Meal Exporters Organization. ing production data for Communist China and the Soviet Union which are unavailable). A large part of world production enters into for- eign trade. The United States and the coun= tries of Western Europe are the leading buyers. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HOW TO KEEP FISH FRESH: How to get fish to the consumer in the best possible condition was studied by some 100 scientists from 17 countries during a sympo- sium held in Husum, West Germany, May 26- 30, 1964. The Husum meeting, which was sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organ- ization (FAO), was a ''Symposium on the Sig- nigicance of Fundamental Research in the Utilization of Fish." It surveyed the existing scientific information in that field and drew up a list of priorities for further study. Those priorities will be passed on to fisheries re- search institutions around the world. The Husum meeting marks the first time that those problems have been the subject of August 1964 International (Contd.): a scientific meeting on a worldwide basis. About 45 papers and technical notes were presented. The Symposium's work began with a re- view of the various factors affecting the qual- ity of fish and was divided into four major areas: (1) reducing the high protein losses which occur in fish and fishery products be- tween the fisherman's boat and the market; (2) surveying the quality tests for both fresh and frozen fish developed and carried out in various countries; (3) improving processing methods and developing new ones; and (4) providing more fish for human consumption by the development of new fishery products. The Symposium was held under the auspic- es of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Nutrition Advisory Com- mittee of the West German fisheries industry. (Food and Agriculture Organization Press Re- lease, Rome, May 15, 1964.) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION HALIBUT FISHING RESTRICTIONS PROPOSED: Halibut fishing in the catch-limit area of the Bering Sea is tentatively scheduled for closure in 1965, and further restric- tions are being considered on North Pacific halibut fishing off the United States and Canadian coasts. The announcement was made by the International Pacific Hal- ibut Commission (IPHC) at the close of a special meeting of the Commission at Seattle, Wash., on June 4, 1964. The purpose of that meeting was to examine recent developments inthe Pacific halibut fishery, and particularly those in the Eastern Bering Sea where there has been a serious decline in the fishery. The IPHE represents the United States and Canadian Governments in regulating halibut fishing in the North Pacific. Closure of the Bering Sea to halibut fishing was predicted after it became apparent that the area there was fished out by the combined fishing fleets of the United States, Canada, and Japan, Continued poor halibut fishing in Area 2, extending from Willapa Bay to Cape Spencer in Alaska, was relatively unex- pected and has caused more concern over the state of the North Pacific halibut fishery. With regard to halibut fishing in the Bering Sea, the Com- mission’s Chairman, Harold E, Crowther, expressed deep con- cern and said, ‘‘Unless there is marked improvement in the halibut stocks, it will be necessary to recommend closure of the Bering catch-limit area in 1965, "The Commission intends to keep the fishery in this area un- der careful review, and if conditions continue to deteriorate, more immediate action may be required, “In view of conditions prevailing in other sections of the Pa- cific Coast, particularly in Area 2, close surveillance of the fishery will be maintained in the event further restrictions in these areas are required,’’ In 1963, the combined fleets of the three nations failed to land the expanded limit. This year the halibut quota in the area in the Bering Sea designated as COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Fresh halibut being unloaded with a cargo net from the hold of an halibut fishing vessel at Seattle, Wash. Area 3B North Triangle was cut sharply, but fishermen found almost no halibut on those grounds, In Area 2, the situation appears to be less desperate, Only the traditional United States and Canadian fleets have been al- lowed to fish in that area, However, fishermen failed to catch the full quota of 28 million pounds in Area 2 last year. This year, with the quota cut down to 25 million pounds, fishermen have continued to make a disappointing showing in that area which in the past has produced almost half the halibut harvest of the North Pacific. At the June 4 special meeting, the Halibut Commission con- ferred with representatives of the fishermen, fishing vessel owners, and brokers and processors from Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES 14TH ANNUAL MEETING HELD AT HAMBURG: The 14th Annual Meet- ing of the International Commission for the North- west Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) was held at Ham- burg, Germany, June 1-6, 1964. Member Countries attending the Annual Meet- ing were Canada, Denmark, France, Federal Republic 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): of Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Soviet Union, United King- dom, and the United States. Various preliminary meetings were held start- ing on May 21. These were meetings of the (1) Ad Hoe Group on Pelagic Fishes; (2) Subcommittee on Fishery Assessment; (3) Standing Committee on Research and Statis- tics; and (4) Scientific Advisers te Panels on May 30, which was followed by the Annual Meeting on June 1. At the 1964 Annual Meeting, a report was given on the present status of the fisheries in which it was concluded that the intensity with which many of the major stocks of cod and haddock are now being fished is near that at which they can provide their greatest sus- That report included ananaly- tained catches. 190 180 170 160 150 PERCENTAGE OF 1957 140 130 120 110 100 1957 "59 "63 LANDINGS (@=—=®) AND FISHING ACTIVITY 0---0 61 SUBAREAS LANDIN | RELATIVE TO 1957 LEVEL FOR NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SUBAREAS Vol. 26, No. 8 sis of recent trends and changes in the fishing activity and catches of fish which show that the increased fishing over the past six years in the Northwest Atlantic has not been matched, especially in the northern part of the North- west Atlantic, by corresponding increases in the amount of fish landed. The report further showed that mesh-size regulations, while help- ing to keep up the total catches, could not off- set the expected decrease in the ratio of ‘catch landed" to 'fishing effort expended" if fishing continues to increase. At the meeting, each of the 13 Member Countries reported its 1963 catch of fishfrom the Convention Area which extends from Green- land to Rhode Island. The total landings a- mounted to some 5.7 billion pounds, about the same as in 1962. Although the 1963 catches of cod and ocean perch declined somewhat, the total from the Convention Area was maintained by the Soviet Union's large catch of whiting (silver hake). The U.S.S.R. reported taking 235 million pounds of that species from Georges Bank and 1957 FisHING ACTIVITY FISHING ACTIVITY (000's DAYS FISHING) 5325 64.8 DINGS (000"s me TONS) 9636 67867 140 130 120 PERCENTAGE OF 1957 go ( t 1957 59 "61 "63 Trends and changes in Northwest Atlantic catches and fishing activity, 1957-63. August 1964 International (Contd.): 270 million pounds from the Sable Island area in 1963. The total United States landings from the Convention Area dropped from 1.1 billion pounds in 1962 to 933 million pounds in 1963. Canada traditionally has been the largest producer in the area and stillis. Her catch amounted to 1.5 billion pounds in 1963 com- pared with 1.6 billion pounds in 1962. The U.S.S.R., which started fishing in the Convention Area in 1958, rose from third place in 1962 to second place in 1963 in terms of quantity of fish taken from the Area. Japan, which is not a member of the Com- mission, sent observers to the 14th Annual Meeting and reported that she now has four trawlers engaged in experimental fishing op- erations in the area. Other observers pres- ent were from the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO), the Fisheries Laboratory, Aberdeen, Scotland, and from a private Unit- ed States foundation. In reviewing the report of its scientific committee on research and statistics, the Commission noted that the amount of fishing in the area has increased markedly during the past few years but that the total amount of fish taken is leveling off. The scientists re- ported that itis unlikely that further in- creases in fishing effort will result in great- ly increased returns. For this reason the Commission asked its scientific committee to make a study of the feasibility of regulating fishing in the area by means other than mesh regulations. The Commission already has under regu- lation the size of meshes used in trawl nets for some species of fish, but no action has been taken to regulate the amount of fishing inthe area. The present regulations estab- lishing the minimum size of mesh to be used in a fishing net were drafted for use in the Commission years ago when manila was the principal fiber used for making trawl nets. At the 1964 meeting, the regulations were changed and brought up-to date to meet the growing and widespread use of synthetic fi- bers. In this matter the Commission took the advice of its scientists who had compiled and analyzed experimental evidence on the way that meshes of different sizes and ma- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 terials select the different sizes of commer- cial fish available. Progress was made in the matter of the in- ternational enforcement of Commission regu- lations. At present each country polices its own fishing fleet, but it has been considered desirable for some years now that some kind of international system be set up to assist in the enforcement of regulations. Although no such system was recommended at this meet- ing, the Commission encouraged countries to exchange management personnel on an invita- tion basis during the coming year so that coun- tries could become familiar, first hand, with the kinds of problems faced by management personnel of other countries. Countries were requested to file with the Commission by Janu- ary 1, 1965, reports on the enforcement sys- tems used by their respective governments. The increasing number of fishing boats ac- tive on both sides of the Atlantic is creating navigational hazards which are accentuated by the fact that the practices of different fleets are not the same. The Commission recom- mended that all countries accept an invitation to a conference which will likely be held soon to draft an agreement embodying a modern code for the conduct of fishing operations in the North Atlantic. At the meeting, all Member Countries of ICNAF indicated their intention to take the necessary final step to enable the Commission to include in its functions matters on the con- servation of the harp and hood seals. United States Commissioners at the meet- ing included Frank P. Briggs, Assistant Sec- retary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife, and a delegation of 11 advisers. Secretary Briggs was reelected as Vice Chairman ofthe Commission for the coming year. Ronald W. |Green of Augusta, Me., was elected Chairmanof the Committee on Finance and Administration. The 15th Annual Meeting of ICNAF will be held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, on June ieelOG5r Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 42; August 1963 p. 75. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA NEW DRAFT CONVENTION TO BE CONSIDERED AT ANNUAL MEETING: A new draft convention for the Internation- al Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) 52 International (Contd.): will be considered at a meeting of represen- tatives of Member Governments of that or- ganization on September 7, 1964. The meet~ ing is expected to be convened by Denmark's Foreign Ministry, with expectations that the new Convention would be signed by authorized Government representatives by the time the meeting ended. No non-member observers will be invited to the meeting. The new Convention would clarify the in- ternational status of the ICES and its person- nel, and make possible more adequate ar- rangements for suitable quarters than in Charlottenlund, located north of Copenhagen. Final ratification of the new Convention would be hoped for by that organization's October 1965 annual meeting. Neither the ICES nor its personnel have had the usual international status of an or- ganization of its type. With the acceptance of the new convention those problems would be corrected. It was conjectured that Den- mark might provide new quarters or that the Member Governments of ICES might contri- bute jointly to a building. (United States Em- bassy, Copenhagen, April 29, 1964.) INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION INDIA'S OCEANOGRA PHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: A meteorological vessel (NOMAD), which will function as an automatic weather station, was launched in the Bay of Bengal during April 1964. The vessel was made available to India's Meteorological Department by the National Science Foundation to provide mete- orological data for the Indian program of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). India proposes to undertake intensive oce- anographic investigations on the Continental Shelf and superjacent waters along her coasts including northern parts of the Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean and parts of the Bay of Bengal with the help of her four research ves- sels. Two of the research vessels, the INS Kistna and R.V. Varuna, have already made extensive physical oceanographic observations with special reference to temperature, salini- ty, and oxygen in those areas. Other programs envisaged during the IIOE include: (1) direct observational study of the properties of oceans; (2) exploration of areas COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 of potential fisheries; (3) detailed study of the atmospheric circulation of the monsoon re- gion; and (4) studies of the bottom topography and temperature structure of the ocean. The various programs of study will help in exploi- tation of the ocean's productivity, improve- ment of weather forecasting services, and better understanding of the monsoon cycle. India's IIOH program of marine biology and fisheries will be mainly directed to exploring areas of high productivity and potential fish= eries which could be developed and exploited. Apart from plankton collections and measure- ment of primary productivity, experimental fishing using different types of gear will also be undertaken. Some of the problems sug- gested for Indian work are: (1) studies of phyto- and zooplankton and benthos; (2) the distribution of dissolved oxygen and its rela- tion to biological productivity of waters; (3) critical studies of the euphotic zone in rela- tion to variations; and (4) special biological, physiological and life history studies on se- lected groups including various oceanic ani- mals and birds. (United States Embassy, New Delhi, May 18, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p, 23; Jan- uary 1964 p. 26. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION 16TH ANNUAL MEETING HELD: The 16th annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission was held in Sandefjord, Norway, June 15-26, 1964. At the meeting, the Commission's Scientific Committee was todis- cuss implementation of the agreement to sta- tion international observers in the Antarctic during the annual whaling season. NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION SECOND MEETING HELD AT THE HAGUE: The Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commis- sion (NEAFC) held its second meeting at the Hague, May 12-15, 1964, with delegations pres- ent from all member countries which include Belgium, Denmark, Federal Republic of Ger- many, France, Iceland, Ireland, The Nether- lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Swe- den, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. Observers were present from the United States, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and the International Commis- sion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF)., At the meeting in The Hague, the Northeast Commission agreed on the following: August 1964 International (Contd.): (1) A codification of the conservation measures inherited from the Permanent Com- mission under Article 16 of the 1959 Conven- tion of the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries was approved, (2) Minimum mesh sizes of nets applicable in the northern part of the 1946 (predecessor) Convention area should apply to the 1959 Con- vention area between 42° and 44° W. and be- tween 329and51° E. For the present, no min- imum sizes of meshof nets were specified for the 1959 Convention area south of 48° north. (3) The United Kingdom replaced the Fed- eral Republic of Germany on Regional Com- mittee 3, in accordance with their wishes: (4) Permission to use top-side chafers was extended to January 1966. The ICES was requested to arrange for a detailed assess- ment of the various types of chafers in use in the Convention area and their effect onselec- tivity. Member Governments were asked to supply the Commission with additional infor - mation on types of chafers in use in their fish- ing industries and the effect on selectivity of nets. In particular, they were asked to ex- plain any objections they may have to the top-side chafer specified by the Commission and the top-side chafer of the multiple-flap type. (5) The ICES was requested to renew the activity of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group for a further study and reassessment of Arctic stocks. (6) The ICES was requested to review the information available on the state of the stocks of the spiny dogfish and to advise the Commis - sion on the effects of possible conservation measures. (7) The ICES was requested to continue its study of the state of herring stocks in the Con- vention area, (8) The provisions of Article 16 ofthe 1959 Convention which permit small fishing craft (primarily Danish) to fish for whiting in the Skagerrak and Kattegat Seas with small-mesh nets were extended until January 1, 1970. (9) A Special Committee was established to study the practical problems involved in the establishment of international measures of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 control on the high seas for the purpose of en- suring application of the Convention and the measures in force thereunder, as provided for in Article 13. Member Countries were asked to supply the Commission with a cur- rent account of their methods of national con- trol. The Special Committee should be con- vened, if convenient, at the time and place of the Technical Conference on Policing to be called by the United Kingdom, possibly in the fall of 1964. (10) The provisional budget for the year ending June 30, 1965 shouldbe £3,730 ($10,444). (11) The next NEAFC meeting will be held in Moscow on May 11, 1965. (United States Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 20, 1964.) ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT JAPAN JOINS OECD: On April 28, 1964, Japan became the 21st member of the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD). Japan deposited ratification documents for the treaty between Japan and the OECD with the French Government, the custodian of such docu- ments for OECD members. The action followed the Japanese House of Councillor's approval ofthe OECD codes and resolutions, and the treaty admitting Japan. The Japanese Foreign Minister said that Japan should be able to solve its pending eco- nomic problems effectively through bilateral negotiations and through multilateral organi- zations such as the OECD, the General Agree- ment on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the United Nations, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The Japanese Minister of International Trade and Industry stated that he intends to make efforts to eliminate trade discrimina- tions against Japan by taking advantage of Ja- pan's official entry into the OECD, and that his ministry would strive to strengthen the nation's industrial foundation so that Japan may withdraw various reservations it has made in connection with its trade liberaliza- tion duties. (Japan Report, May 15, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1963 p, 43. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Argentina FISH MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS, 1962-1963: Production of fish meal from salt-water fish has expanded rapidly in Argentina during the last 2 years and the industry now has an annual capacity of about 12,000 tons of fish meal. Fish oil production in Argentina also increased in 1963. ATLAN|TIC OCEAN Argentina's Production and Exports of Fish Meal and Oil, 1962-1963 1/1963 1962 « « » (Metric Tons)... Production: Fish meal: Salt-water ...oe-cecees Fresh-water Fish oil: Fish-body oil ... Shark-liver oil... 6, 636.4 1,418.9 eee eee eo o 1/Preliminary. Exports of industrial products expanded along with production in1963, with West Ger- many being the principal market for Argen- tine fish meal and most of the fish oil going tothe Netherlands. (United States Embassy, Buenos Aires, May 14, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Dec. 1963 p. 54. vi Australia MODIFIED TUNA LONG-LINING IN SHORE WATERS: Encouraged by the record bluefintuna sea- son on the southern New South Wales fishing Vol. 26, No. 8 grounds, a number of Australian fishermen are turning to modified inshore long-lining to catchyellowfintuna which normally are avail- able after the bait-and-pole fishing season for bluefin tuna ends in January. The modi- fied long-line method has Es tawan beenused suc- cessfully to Bornes catch yellow- 2S fin tuna in east- ern Australian ae inshore waters 3 Po for the past two oONesiaA seasons. It dif- fers from the Japanese meth- od of long-lin- ing for bluefin ST Se AM tA tuna in the Tasman Sea in that the long line is used in much shallow- er water, the branch lines are at closer intervals, and the main line is shorter. Buoys generally arespaced every three hooks. Branchlines are2 or 3 fathoms long. Various types of wire trace are used. A few fishermen are using synthetic main lines but those are costly and most con- tinue to use sisal and manila main lines. Synthetic fibers are often used in the branch lines. Winching gear has been improved consid- erably since 1963 and most vessels are equip- ped with efficient horizontal disc-type haul- ers. The Japanese-type vertical hauler has not yet been introduced in the Australian in- shore long-line fishery. The yellowfin tuna season off New South Wales began in late January 1964. By early March 1964, a total of 200,000 pounds of yel- lowfin had been taken off southern New South Wales between Ulladulla and Bermagui by vessels operating troll and modified long-line gear. One fisherman operating out of the port of Ulladulla took 4,000 pounds of tuna in 1 day with a long line baited with 200 hooks. Fish- ermen operating in the Bermagui area with trolling and long-line gear were taking tuna ranging in size from 50 to 80 pounds. The heavier tuna were usually taken onlong lines. The yellowfintuna season off New South Wales August 1964 Australia (Contd.): usually lasts until June. (Australian Fisher- ies Newsletter, April 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 36, April 1964 p. 50. * “ee 23.8 181. 19.0 37.6 19 36.6 = 131 = 4.7 = 0.8 = 0.5 = 0.2 = 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 = 0.7 Totals .. 70.0 57.4 1/Mostly of not all yellowfin, nies have substantial foreign capital backing. In the past, on- ly one company in northern Chile had freezing and canning facilities capable of handling tuna for export. But by the end of 1964, the new company organized by CORFO will have a modern automatic tuna canning line and blast-and brine- freezing equipment in operation. Those facilities will create a market for tuna that has not existed in north Chile since the withdrawal of the United States tuna firm in 1958, Yellowfin tuna is taken from 5 to 35 miles off the northern coast of Chile. February through April is the best yellowfin tuna season, according to the captain of the Santa Rosa. Official statistical data indicate that 86 percent of the 1963 Chilean catch of yellowfin tuna was taken in February and March. The bonito catch was spread more evenly over the year in 1963. More intensive fishing might change the pic- ture. For the present and near future, the northern fleet is expected to give preference to anchoveta fishing and turn to tuna in the slack season (normally mid-June to October). The current vessel preference of anchoveta fishermen in Chile isthe 170- to 180-tonpurse seiner. Such vessels are ca- pable of fishing for tuna, particularly yellowfin. (United States Embassy, Santiago, May 18, 1964.) Costa Rica FISH AND SHELLFISH LANDINGS, 1963/64 SEASON: Landings of fish and shellfish in Costa Rica during the 1963/64 season amounted to 2,288 metric tons--down 5 percent from the previous year. Leading species were shrimp (all varieties) which accounted for 48 percent of the total landings, followed by tuna, and un- classified finfish. Landings of all species of shrimp were up 17 percent from the previous season and were larger than those for each season since 1959/60 when they were only about one-half the 1963/64 landings. Landings of large white shrimp, however, have declined steadily each season while those for small shrimp increased. Vol. 26, No. 8 The 1963/64 landings of small white shrimp were at a five-year high and well above the yearly average for the five years under study. Although landings of pink shrimp were 16 per- cent lower than the previous season, they were well above the yearly average for the five- year period. Tuna landings during the 1963/64 season were down 23 percent from the previous year. Most of the tuna landed in Costa Rica is pur- chased by the tuna cannery there from United States fishing vessels. Costa Rica Landings of Fish and Shellfish, 1963/64 Fishing Season with Comparisons 274 385 459 557 549 511 202 64 107 675 554 426 Turtle, green 23 33 12 Spiny lobster 88 27 94 1,420 Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Fish and Wild- life Section. Finfish (unclassified) landings were lower in 1963/64, due in part to the low prices of- fered by the Consejo Nacional de Produccion (National Production Council) which caused fishermen to lose interest in that fishery. The quantity of spiny lobsters landed in 1963/64 was very small although it was three times greater than the 27 metric tons of the previous season, but down substantially as compared with the 1,420 tons of the 1960/61 season. An issue during the 1963/64 season was the matter of bait for lobster traps. Lob- ster fishermen on the Atlantic Coast were handicapped because they had to buy substan- tial quantities of bait from suppliers in Punt- arenas on the Pacific Coast at an average price of CR$0.75 (11 U.S. cents) a pound, Most of the bait purchased there consisted of trash fish which Pacific Coast shrimp fishermen generally discard. Lobster fishermen on the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica continue topress the Government for suitable regulations which will protect their interests. (United States Embassy, San Jose, May 15, 1964.) August 1964 Denmark AUTHORITY SOUGHT FOR RATIFICATION OF WESTERN EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONVENTION AND NEW FISHING LIMITS: On May 20, 1964, Denmark's Foreign Min- ister requested ratification by the Danish Parliament of the Fisheries Convention ap- proved March 9, 1964, at the Western Euro- pean Fisheries Conference in London. The Foreign Minister's proposal pointed out that Denmark will be able to extend its fishing limits in the Kattegat, Skagerrak, and North Sea without affecting the present 12-mile limits in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. It was considered that if Greenland and the Faroe Islands had been included in the Con- vention area--and for Norway and Iceland to have accepted the Convention--would have been a backward step from their 12-mile limits. On the same date, the Fisheries Minister also submitted brief legislation relating to Danish fishing limits. The first of that legis- lation authorizes the Fisheries Minister to establish regulations governing Danish fish- eries limits in accordance with the provisions of the London Fisheries Convention of March 9, 1964. The second paragraph states that the legislation does not apply to the Faroe Is- lands or to Greenland. Authority to extend Denmark's fishing lim- its was being sought, according to the Fisher- ies Minister, because it is in the interest of the fishing industry and the public to do so at the earliest possible time rather than delay until the next session of the Parliament. The authority granted will not be exercised until after discussions with the Parliament and the fishing industry. Also, there are transitional periods before the fully extended limits be- come effective. The Fisheries Minister foresees better fishing for Danish inshore fishermen when the limits are extended and better conserva- tion of the fishery resources within the es- tablished limits. Since Ireland and the United Kingdom have mentioned a transitional period of 1z years for countries with historic fishing rights before extending the limits from 3 to 6 miles--and 23 years where baselines are drawn across bays--Denmark may be re- quired to do the same. West Germany, the Netherlands, and possibly Belgium and France would wish to negotiate with Denmark in re- gard to their historic fishing off Danishcoasts. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Article 10 of the Fisheries Convention pro- vides that nothing in the Convention shall pre- vent establishment of a special regime inmat- ters of fisheries in a number of instances, in- cluding '(c) as between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden," and ''(f) in the Skagerrak and Katte- gat.'' Thus, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden may conclude special arrangements in those waters. The Convention of December 31, 1932, between Denmark and Sweden covers some but not all of the boundary waters. There is no similar agreement with Norway. Although Norway is concerned with Skagerrak waters it has not einforcedits 12-mile limit in that area. Representatives of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden have held preliminary discussions about fishing limits in the waters between their coasts and may be expected to become more serious about them in the future. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 27, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 49; April 1964 p. 41; February 1964 p. 59; January 1964 p. 35. se oe ke ee KKK KK WATER PURIFICATION AND PROTEIN EXTRACTION PROCESS MAY BE APPLIED TO FISH REDUCTION INDUSTRY: A purification and protein extraction process from waste water, which was invented in Denmark, has been used in a po- tato flour factory in Jutland, Denmark, and is now to be used in the Danish fish meal, dairy, and meat slaughtering indus- tries. Although earlier experiments were not successful, a small pilot plant at the Jutland potato factory, which has been using the process since November 1963, has so far confirmed blueprint calculations, according to a spokesman of the Chem- istry Department, Copenhagen Technological Institute, which assisted the inventor in development of the new process. The Danish inventor of the process stated that the reason the potato flour factory was chosen for the experiments was because in that type of production large quantities of waste water with relatively little protein content is turned out, Should the process prove effective under those conditions, then it would be even more effective under more favorable conditions in other industries such as those for fish meal and dairy products. Experiments in the starch industry are therefore considered completed and the inventor has turned to experiments in other industries. The project has not yet been developed beyond the pilot- plant stage, but the inventor of the process claims that he is negotiating with some 80 industries all over the world, which have expressed interest in the process. Also, he has been negotiating with three different United States companies concerning representation on the American market. He stated that the purification plant will eventually be construct- ed by a large internationally known firm, Newspaper reports previously indicated that components for the plant would be supplied by firms in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and the Neth- erlands. According to the inventor, the process consists of a con- secutive precipitation with subsequent purification and drying. The precipitation is brought about by the addition to the waste water of sulphuric acid and a special chemical made by the in- ventor, which at the first stage removes 50 jercent of the ni- trogen (protein), all starches and all pulps, if any exist. Dur- 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): ing the second stage of the process, all sugar and 99 percent of the remaining nitrogen are removed. As a result, the BOD (biological oxygen demand) of the waste water is reduced to 1/2 percent of the original and the potassium permanganate con- tent to less than 100 mg./1. The process is automated and re- quires little manual attention. - While the pilot plant has worked only with the processing of about five metric tons of waste water per hour, the inventor es- timates that a regular industrial plant designed for a small po- tato flour factory should process about 70 tons of water per hour. Such a plant would cost about US$58,000 to construct. It would turn out about 158 kilograms (348 pounds) of dry mat- ter per hour at a cost of about 6-1/2 cents per kilogram (2.2 pounds), The inventor maintains that the product (according to laboratory tests), if used for fodder purposes, would realize about $13.00 per 100 kilograms because of its high content of essential amino-acid vitamins. Application of the product in the chemical industry might eventually, he envisions, bring higher yields. The inventor reportedly holds patent rights to the process. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 13, 1964.) German Federal Republic FISH MEAL AND MARINE OIL INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1963: Fish Meal: In 1963, there was a decline in the use of fish meal for animal feed in West Germany and a corresponding drop in imports. Peruvian shipments of fish meal to West Germany in 1963 were down 19 per- cent from the previous year, although Peru was still the dominant supplier. The decline was partly offset by larger shipments from Norway, Iceland, and the South Africa Re- public. Table 1 - West Germany Supply and Distribution of Fish Meal4/, 1962-1963 and 1964 Forecast (1,000 Metric Tons) Supply: Opening stocks, January 1... . Production Imports Disposition: Exports Domestic disappearance: Animal feed [nding stocks, December 31... | 10 | 8 | € | 1/Includes small amounts of meat meal. A moderate increase in the consumption of fish meal is expected in 1964 as a result of an anticipated increase in the demand for feed for laying hens and pigs. Any increase in demand will probably result in higher im- ports, since domestic production is expected to continue at the level of recent years. Vol. 26, No. 8 Table 2 - West Germany Imports of Fish Meal, 1962-1963 Country of Origin Denmark . Iceland . Netherlands South Africa Republic Chile wan -pelleitsnei eiten’s EE 4 5.60.40'000 Pakistan . 2... cece Other countries . « » « ee es © © © © © o eee © © © © © 8 8 8 295, 328 331, 859 Note: Total imports reported above are less than those shown in table 1. Marine Oil Foreign Trade: West German imports of whale oil in 1963 were up 12 per- cent from those in 1962 due mainly to larger shipments from Japan, because whale oil im= ports from most other producing countries were down. Table 3 - West German Foreign Trade in Marine Oil, 1962-1963 Commodity & Country of 1963 1962 Origin or Destination - - (Metric Tons). . Imports: Whale Oil: United Kingdom Netherlands Norway . Portugal . Perm... Japan. . Australia . Other countrie Total whale Fish Body Oils: Denmark .. icelandiawe ec ee eo Netherlands ....-eceee Norway ...sceccecoccse Portugal «cee eee eww Angola ..ceeecccee United States ...2eecee Gulls os og00G000000 WEE ponOODdDOoODOOOO Other countries Total fish body oils... . | 65,105 64, 816 is jot | oat Whalejoiliy.ranenspleliclielolsiieire 441 2,588 Fish body oil... ...-00- 17,992 20, 754 There was a substantial gain in imports of menhaden oil from the United States in 1963 and imports of fish oil were also up from Peru, Angola, Portugal, and the Netherlands. But the gain was about offset by a decline in fish oil shipments from Denmark, Iceland, and Chile. Total imports of fish oil in 1963 were almost the same as in 1962. August 1964 German Federal Republic (Contd.): West German exports of marine oil in 1963 consisted mainly of fish body oil. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Bonn, April 10, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 69. He OK OK ok Ok NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL LAUNCHED: Germany's newest and largest oceano- graphic research vessel, the Meteor, was launched in Bremenhaven on February 8, 1964. The 2,740-ton research vessel is be- ing made ready for participation in the Inter- national Indian Ocean Expedition in October 1964. (National Oceanographic Data Center, Newsletter, March 31, 1964.) Another new research vessel, the Meteor Il, was launched in Germany during August 1963 under the joint ownership of the German Hydrographic Institute of Hamburg and the German Research Association of Bad Godes- bert. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1964 p. 68. KK oe OK Ok ONE-MAN FIBERGLASS SUBMARINE DEVELOPED: A one-man submarine made of reinforced fiberglass has been developed by a West Ger- man firm, The craft consists of a pressure- tested cabin and two flooding tanks attached to the cabin. It is driven by two 500-watt electric motors which are powered by a bat- tery of 100 amperes per hour. A battery of 286 amperes per hour can also be used. Power diving and surfacing at any angle are possible with the electric motors. The submarine can also submerge simply by fill- ing both flooding tanks. Compressed air is Instruments... Switches for compressed alr-. >. Motor switches-. Motors with screw outside of the boat. Compressed air bottles. ~~ Automaton for lifting the boat at a depth of 50 m Front flooding tank Breathing — chalk and humidity binder system Siderudder pedal Front flooding valve. Elastic rubber blocks —- Emergency flooding v: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 carried in two 7-liter bottles to drain the flooding tanks for surfacing. The submarine has a diving range of 50 meters (164 feet). Surface speed is approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) per hour and submerged speed about 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) per hour. With the use of full motor power, the standard bat- tery will last for 24 hours of operation and the special battery will last for 7 hours. Suffi- cient oxygen is carried in a 1-liter bottle to remain submerged for 4 hours. The length of the fiberglass submarine is 3.1 meters (10.2 feet), the largest diameter is 0.7 meter (2.3 feet), the largest width is 1.6 meters (5.2 feet), and the largest height is 1.4 meters (4.6 feet). Searchlights can be mounted inside or out- side the submarine and special instruments can be provided for research purposes. She OUTLOOK AND PLANS FOR FISHING INDUSTRY EXPANSION: The production goal of the Ghana Fishing Corporation over a 7-year development period is 150,000 metric tons, according to an inter- view given by an official of that organization in May 1964, as reported in Ghana newspapers. In order to achieve that goal, international wa- ters will be fished and carrier vessels will be used to collect fish stored by the Corporation's trawlers at sea which will be able to stay out fishing for longer periods than at present. By the end of the 7-year period, the Corporation plans that its staff would be increased from the present 600 to 2,000 workers. Plans call for the construction at Tema of two modern fish-processing plants by the end ----~ Antenna _. Plexiglass dome _. Depth rudder ~, Oxygen bottle _. Batteries me Siderudder Ballast cylinders -~ Ballast keel Emergency handle to detach the bal Artist's sketch of one-man fiberglass submarine. 64 Ghana (Contd.): of 1966 capable of turning out canned, smoked, and salted fish. The daily capacity of the canning plant will be 60,000 cans of sardines. The complex of fish-processing plants at Tema, designed by Soviet experts, is expect- ed to process close to 12,500 tons of fish a year, chiefly sardines, and produce up to 30 million cans of fish, almost 1,300 tons of smoked fish, and up to 900 tons of fish meal and oil. The various plants will also serve as a center for training Ghanaian fishing spe- cialists. The Corporation's marketing and distri- bution plans call for the construction of cold- storage warehouses along the coast at Ema and Takoradi, and smaller ones in the rural areas. The cold-storage plants would be sup- ported by a fleet of refrigerated trucks. According to the Corporation spokesman, that organization as a State enterprise, plans to eliminate the middle man in the sale of fish. This would be achieved mostly by the daily sale of fish to the fishing cooperatives. The Government will also sponsor a program to send Ghanaians overseas for training in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.8 scientific fishing, vessel engineering and me- chanics, and other specialized training. (Fish- ery Attache, Abidjan, May 22, 1964, and Ghana Newspaper Reports.) oe ok ok ok ook FISHERY LANDINGS UPSHARPLY IN 1963: Ghana's marine fishery landings in 1963 amounted to 89,304 metric tons, an increase of 42.7 percent from the previous year's land- ings and nearly three times greater than the 1961 landings. A good part of the gain in1963 was due to increased landings by foreign ves- sels (mostly Japanese and Soviet) on charter to the government-controlled Ghana Fishing Corporation. Table 1 - Ghana's Marine Fishery Landings By Types of Vessel, 1963 with Comparisons Type of Fishery 1963 1962 1961 - e « o(Metric Tons)... . Canoe Fisheries: ERNE SOoodoon ooo INA so GOOD DD OC OOD Ciiert Keka cctaliekedensbouee Motor Fishing Vessels: Mew Gaeoogaob60000 Ie goog 0dG000000 Herring Other Total motor fishing vessel landings . ..+.+eeee Fishery Contracts: From Japanese Vessels . . From U.S.S.R. Vessels . Ghana Fishing Corporation Foreign Corporations . . « Local Corporations . « = « Pe Total oy sees ele | Sess EN Source: Ghana Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Inspectorate Unit. Table 2 - Catch Composition of Ghana's Fishery Landings By Species and Type Vessel, 1963 with Comparisons Species by Type of Vessel 1963 1961 Herring Landings: Chime Goo b ODD dd000 Motor vessels eee eo Other Species: Gm Gob d00od0000 Motor vessels Fish contracts 2... .eesece Total other species . . « 20, 366 B. 971 17, 357 Tuna transshipped out of Ghana 5, 665 4,643 3,564 Used for domestic consumption . 83, 639 57, 3945 30, 414 Source: Ghana Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Inspectorate Unit. Although herring landings by canoes were down sharply from the 16,500 tons landed in August 1964 Ghana (Contd.): 1962, there were substantial increases in landings of other species. As a result, total landings by canoes were up 8.8 percent from a year earlier and those by motorized ves- sels increased 119 percent from 1962. The 1963 tuna landings of nearly 7,000 tons were up 34 percent from the previous year, of which 5,665 tons were transshipped out of Ghana. With the recent introduction of underwater light fishing for herring at night, prospects are good for a considerably better 1964 her- ring season. Also, with additional deliveries of the total of 44 trawlers and purse-seiners on order from four countries (Japan, U.S.S.R., Norway, and the United Kingdom) scheduled for 1964, the prospects for an overall in- crease in Ghana fisheries production in1964 are bright. (Fishery Attache, United States Embassy, Abidjan, May 22, 1964.) sh se we CK OK FIRST NORWEGIAN-BUILT STERN TRAWLER LAUNCHED: The trawler Shama, the first of 7 trawlers being built in Norway for the government- controlled Ghana Fishing Corporation in Ghana, was launched in April 1964. The Nor- wegian shipyard is to build all 7 of the trawl- ers and will also send Norwegian experts to Ghana with the vessels. The experts will be in command of the vessels for 18 months. The 7 vessels will all be stern trawlers with an overall length of 231 feet 7 inches, and will be powered by Diesel engines gen- erating 1,960 b. hp., coupled to reversible propellers. Fish will be stored in two insulated cargo holds on the main deck of the vessels and will be frozen to -20° F, in the tropical cli- mate. Hydraulic deck machinery and elec- trically operated transport belts on the ves- sels will facilitate handling of the fish at sea and in port. The Ghana Fishing Corporation has or- dered 40 trawlers from Norway, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Norway has alsoagreed to train Ghanian fishermen. (The South Afri- can Shipping News and Fishing Industry Re- view, April 1964.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 Greece FREEZER-TRAWLER LANDINGS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: The Greek fleet of refrigerated trawlers and carrier vessels operating in the Atlantic landed 1,180 metric tons of frozen fishin Greek ports in March 1964, down 19 percent from landings of 1,458 tons in the same month of the previous year. TURKEY & EGYPT Boundaries ore not necessorily those recagnized by the U.S. Government. Greek frozen fish landings during January- March 1964 amounted to 4,422 tons, compared with landings of 4,392 tons in the same period of 1963 and 3,760 tons in the first quarter of 1962. (Alieia, April 1964.) OOF Honduras FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1964: A fishery firm operating in Honduras ship- ped 500,000 pounds of shrimp to the United States during the 7-months' season that ended in the first quarter of 1964. The firm em- ploys 14 fishing vessels. A fishing cooperative at the port of San Lorenzo in southern Honduras has built a cold-storage warehouse with the aid of the Corporation for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) and other groups. The cooperative now delivers fresh fish regularly to Teguci- galpa in a truck donated through CARE by the 66 Honduras (Contd.): MEXIC ‘ Méxicog \ CART Guatemaie~“os, 9 San Salvada i O a Pr San José yf x yo] GALAPAGOS IS. employees of a United States insurance firm. (United States Embassy, Tegucigalpa, May 20, 1964.) lran FISHERY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: A $15 million construction loan by the United States to Iran for the development of the Port of Bandar Abbas (in the southeast part of the Persian Gulf) is expected to give impetus to Iran's commercial fishing indus - try in the south, which presently is very lim- ited. There is little commercial fishing now being done by Iran in the Persian Gulf despite a reported abundance of fish and shrimp. There is a fish cannery in Bandar Abbas op- erated by the Iranian National Fishing Com- pany (Shilat), but it produced only about 300,000 cans (4-ounce) of fish in each of the past few years as against its potential capac- ity of several million cans a year. At times the plant is completely shut down because of a lack of fish for processing. There are now two foreign commercial fishing firms oper- ating in the Persian Gulf--one from Kuwait and the other from Pakistan. Each of those firms has a well-equipped refrigerated moth- ership and a fleet of smaller catcher vessels. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ‘ ott: Kingston Prince BBE AN GZ Panama/ Vol. 26, No. 8 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo— Fier e Biles Domingo SEA ATLANTIC a Carscant é Port-of-Spain ae ° TRINIDAD & TOBAGO VENEZUELA A} SRITISH GUIANA: towrh Se FRENCH GUIAN SoKct ‘arapfaribo OCayenne COLOMBIA Sp! The local Governor of the Bandar Abbas area said he was confident that the limited and intermittent commercial fishing done by a fishing company in the southern part of Iran would be resumed full time in the near future and that although that company was owned by the Iranian Government, it would be independ- ent of Shilat. Officers of the United States Consulate at Isfahan reported that two persons with whom they spoke in Bandar Abbas expressed inter- est in either a joint venture with a United States fishing firm, or in acting as export agents for Iranian Persian Gulf fishery prod- ucts for export to the United States. Several such fishery joint ventures have for various reasons not been very successful in the past. (United States Consulate, Isfahan, March 31, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 53; October 1963 p. 52, July 1963 p. 79. Ireland SCALLOP GROUNDS DISCOVERED: Scallops have been found in commercial quantities off the southeast coast of Ireland in St. George's Channel. The Irish Govern- ment sponsored the scallop investigation fol- lowing reports that scallops had been taken August 1964 Ireland (Contd.): in trawls about 11 miles from Dunmore East, which is the center of a herring fishery. The crew of a 50-foot commercial fishing vessel has been instructed in the dredging method of taking scallops and those involved in the project are confident that a commercial scal- lop fishery will develop. (Fish Trades Ga- zette, April 25, 1964.) Ok OK UNITED STATES TEAM BEGINS FISHERIES SURVEY: Four specialists from the United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries arrived in Ireland in late April 1964 to implement the United States-Irish cooperative fishery re- search project. A representative of the Unit- ed States team said the group would study the development plans of the Irish Sea Fisheries Board, and assist in the establishment of a research-development organization. The Irish fishing industry is generally limited to inshore operations. After a 2- months survey of Irish operations, the United States team may be able to offer suggestions concerning fishing, processing, and market- ing, since the species exploited by the Irish industry are similar to some of those caught by United States fishermen. (Fish Trades Gazette, April 25, 1964.) Japan CANNED TUNA IN BRINE SALE TO UNITED STATES: The Japanese tuna packers and exporters (who were negotiating export prices) have settled on a promotional allowance of US$1 a case (48 7-oz. cans) for the 200,000 cases of whitemeat tuna in brine for export to the United States which were to be offered for sale on May 19, 1964. The exporters had hoped to offer for sale 170,000 cases of white- meat tuna in brine and 100,000 cases of light meat tuna in brine for export to the United States, but their request was rejected by the packers. However, the packers granted the full promotional allowance requested by the exporters, which brought the price of the solid white pack down to $12.60 a case f.o.b. Japan, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 Negotiations were still in progress over the the matter of promotional allowances for the solid light meat tuna in brine pack and lower grade packs. (Suisancho Nippo, May 16 & 18, 1964.) sk ok * se sk ok * ok * EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE TO U. S. BY DESTINATION: New York City and Boston again led alloth- er United States cities as the chief markets for Japanese canned tuna in brine, according Japanese Exports of Canned Tuna in Brine to U,. S, by Destination Points, 1962-1963 1963 Destination No. Percent No. Percent Cases of Total Cases of Total 2,234,434| 100 2,110,137 | 100 612,571 524, 834 188,618 564, 523 492, 920 142,959 174,785 129,785 85,716 87,611 44, 877 41,413 32, 238 33, 307 280, 003 to a survey conducted by the Japan Canned Foods Exporters Association. (Suisan Tsu- shin, May 18, 1964.) % OK OK OK STANDARD PRICES ESTABLISHED FOR CANNED WHITEMEAT TUNA IN BRINE: Standard prices for Japanese canned white- meat tuna in brine packed for export to the United States have been established by the Ja- Japanese Canned Whitemeat Tuna in Brine Pricest/, 1964 Can and Price Per Case Case Sie [Yolahama | — Shimia Yen | US$ | Yen | US$ 13-0z. 24's 2,977 | 8.27 | 25984 | 8229 y e 2,907 | 8.07 | 2,914 | 8,09 veo z 3132 2) 857 3,141 | 8.72 C! 8 in . IO 1" " " " " " I 142 F100 Colt BO/\0 10 i=) B 1,823 30 Sree SF | grser | oie | sacs | oss ie 33) “ ud 3, 357 3,364 | 9,34 7A Flake] 6.5-o7, 48's | 2,332 | 6.48 | 2,341 | 6.50 1/Prices shown represent packers! prices to the Japan Canned Tuna Sales Company. pan Canned Tuna Packers Association at a general meeting in mid-May 1964. (Suisancho Nippo, May 21, 1964.) *K K Kk Kk ok 68 Japan (Contd.): EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA SPECIALTY ITEMS, 1963: Japanese exports of specialty canned tuna products (other than those packed in brine and in oil) totaled 455,986 cases in fiscal year 1963 (April 1963-March 1964), according to data compiled by the Japan Canned Tuna Pack- ers Association. West Germany was the big- gest market, accounting for 66 percent of ex- ports (301,201 cases), followed by the Nether- lands with 15 percent (66,594 cases), Belgium 8 percent (35,188 cases), Canada 4 percent (20,025 cases), and Great Britain 2 percent (10,250 cases). Twenty-six other countries accounted for the remaining 5 percent (22,728 cases). (Suisancho Nippo, May 25, 1964.) Note: The press report gave the exports as 438, 896 cases. Tabu- lation of data by countries of destination showed exports totaled 455,986 cases. CANNED TUNA MARKET TRENDS: The Japan Tuna Packers Association, at a directors meeting held on June 3, 1964, at Tokyo, decided to reduce by 300,000 cases the quantity of canned tuna in brine that the Asso- ciation had planned to consign to the Canned Tuna Sales Company (for export to the United States) for the third quarter (January 1-March 31, 1965), from 500,000 cases to 200,000 eases. At the same time, the Association adopted the following measures: 1. Change the consignment ratio of light- meat to whitemeat. Henceforth, consignment to the Sales Company of lightmeat tuna will be held below the 50-percent level, and of whitemeat above the 50-percent level. Previ- ously, light meat was limited to over 20 per- cent but under 50 percent of the total consign- ment. 2. Consignments to the Sales Company to | consist of the following ratio of can sizes: 13-o0z. pack--20 percent (same as before); 7- oz. pack--35 percent (previously 45 percent); 66-oz. pack--45 percent (previously 35 per- cent). However, packers may be exempted from this ruling by permission of the Associ- ation's Director. 3. Establish a committee (8 members) to develop sales policy to overcome stagnant sales. The quantity to be consigned to the Canned Tuna Sales Company for the third quarter of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 1965 was reduced as a result of declining sales of Japanese canned tuna in brine in the United States. For the business year beginning De- cember 1963, a total of 880,000 cases has been offered for sale by the Sales Company. How- ever, as of May 31, only 450,000 cases of that amount have been shipped to the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, June 4; Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 22, 1964.) JAPAN TUNA PACKERS ASSOCIATION MEMBERS PACK BULK OF CANNED TUNA: Data compiled by the Japan Tuna Packers Association indicate that in fiscal year 1963 (April 1963-March 1964) its 78 member firms packed a total of 3,811,597 cases of canned tuna in oil and brine for export, and that 21 nonmember firms packed a total of 100,689 cases of tuna in brine for export to the United States. Production of the ten largest packers to- taled 1,527,274 cases, equal to 40 percent of the total year's pack produced by the firms affiliated with the Association. Of the remain- ing 68 firms, 6 companies packed from 75,000- 100,000 cases (average 84,367 cases), 11 com- panies packed from 50,000-75,000 cases (aver- age 64,908 cases), 17 companies from 25,000- 50,000 cases (average 36,500 cases), and 34 companies less than 25,000 cases (average 12,552 cases). The 21 non-Association members packed an average of 4,795 cases during the fiscal year. (Suisancho Nippo, May 22-25, 1964.) sk osk se ok ok OK OK OK OK EXPORT TARGETS FOR FISHERY AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS, FISCAL YEAR 1964: a A ee The total value of Japan's proposed export target for fish- ery and aquatic products is US$284.9 million. Canned fishery products account for 44.0 percent of the total value, frozenand fresh products 35.5 percent, cultured pearls 18 percent, salted and dried products 2.0 percent, and agar-agar 0.4 percent. The 1964 export target value represents an increase of 12.3 per- cent over the actual exports in 1963 and 9.8 above the value of exports in 1962. The proposed export target of canned fishery products in 1964 of 11.2 million cases, valued at $125.4 million, is an in- crease in quantity of 2.8 percent and a decrease in value of 0.1 percent as compared with exports of similar products in 1963. Comparing proposed exports in 1964 with those of 1963 on an item to item basis, the following changes in quan- tity and value are noted: tuna up 8.0 percent in quantity and 8.9 percent in value; saury up 8.1 percent in quantity and 11.5 percent in value; horse-mackerel up 39.5 percent in quantity and 31.5 percent in value; salmon down 6.2 percent in quantity and 6.5 percent in value; crab meat down 7.0 per- cent in quantity and 7.1 percent in value; other fish and shellfish down 4.2 percent in quantity and 4.3 percent in val- ue, August 1964 Japan (Contd.): Japanese Export Targets for Fishery and Aquatic Products, (eete wens Fiscal Year 1964 With Comparisons Peper Target] Beport Forget [Aina] Exports | [iy [Value iy. [Valued | Qo. Valued? ] Tuna Salmon Crab meat Sardines Saury Horse-mackerel Other fish and shellfis! Frozen Fish & Shellfish: ‘una 7 Swordfish Salmon Rainbow trout Total frozen products p44,104|_ 85,006|232,300| 83,414 ]180,962| 67,283 Total value of all products 284,869 pimesed coe f.0.b. prices in Japan. Yrorg given,” 3/In Kans: One Kan equals 8.267 pounds. : Export approval statistics and customs clearances. The proposed exports of frozen fishery products for 1964 total 244,104 metrig¢ tons valued at $85 million, Compared with the 1963 exports, they are higher by 34.9 percent in quantity and 26.3 percent in value, Notable in the proposed exports of frozen fishery products for 1964 is the sharp in- crease for tuna--greater by 29.8 percent in quantity and 22.6 percent in value than the previous year’s exports. Under the proposed export target for 1964, shipments of cultured pearls and agar-agar will be maintained at about the 1963 level. The proposed exports of fresh fishery prod- ucts in 1964 show the sharpest percentage increase over the previous year’s exports--75.3 percent more in quantity and 174.8 percent more in value. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, May 11, 1964.) OK OK OK A SUMMER ALBACORE FISHERY AND EXPORT TRENDS: Some 5,000 metric tons of albacore tuna were reported to have been landed as of early June 1964 in Japan since the beginning of the summer albacore fishery. Of that amount, 1,500 tons were estimated to have been bought by Japanese traders engaged in the frozen tuna export trade. As of early June, the Japanese traders are reported to have signed contracts with United States tuna packing firms amounting to 2,000 to 2,500 tons of albacore. Those traders will need to purchase an additional 500-1,000 tons of albacore to meet their United States com- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 mitments, but are expected to be able to do so readily due to the large quantity of alba- core landed during June (ranging from 300- 500 tons a day) and also due to slow buying on the part of Japanese tuna packers. The export price of frozen albacore has de- clined steadily since the beginning of the sum- mer fishery. From a high of US$400 a short ton, the c.i.f. price has dropped to $360 a ton, and offers of $350 a ton are now being made. (Suisan Tsushin, June 9, 1964.) KOK OK OK TUNA BASES AT PENANG OPERATE AT A LOSS: The Japanese fisheries company which op- erates the tuna bases at Penang, Malaysia, and Port Luis, Mauritius Island, and the tuna can- nery at Penang, held its sixth annual stock- holders meeting at Tokyo on May 30, 1964. For the business year April 1963-March 1964, that firm is reported to have lost 70.2 million yen (US$195,000). That sum is in addition to the losses carried over from the previous busi- ness year, which totaled 34.7 million yen (US$96,389). The operational deficit of that firm was at- tributed to the difficulty it faced in attracting sufficient tuna vessels to operate out of its bases, thereby preventing the economic utili- zation of its bases and plant facilities. (Sui- san Tsushin, June 1, 1964.) He OK KK TUNA FISHING TRENDS IN SOUTH PACIFIC: Japanese tuna fishing about 200 miles north of the New Hebrides Islands, South Pacific, improved greatly toward the end of May 1964. The six Japanese tuna vessels operating out of the tuna base at Espiritu Santo, New Heb- rides Islands, had concentrated in that area and were averaging 3 metric tons of tuna per vessel per day as compared to 1.8 tons per day prior to May 20. The tuna mothership Yuyo Maru (5,040 gross tons), accompanied by 55 catcher ves- sels, departed Tokyo on May 27 for the South Pacific tuna fishing grounds off the Fiji Is- lands. Catch target of the mothership, which was scheduled to remain on the fishing grounds until August 25, was 5,400 metric tons of tuna, spearfish, and shark. The Yuyo Maru, which commenced fishing operations on June 6, was reported to be catch- 70 Japan (Contd.): ing an average of about 4 metric tons of tuna a day per catcher vessel. The highest catch registered by a catcher vessel of that fleet is 9 tons a day. The Nojima Maru (8,800 gross tons) tuna mothership fleet, which started fishing opera- tions on May 26 in the vicinity of Tahiti, was reported to be averaging close to 3 tons of tuna a day. The firm operating the Nojima Maru plans to transship to the United States about bout 3,900 metric tons of tuna caught by that mothership. That firm has not as yet selected a port of transshipment. The port of Papeete, Tahiti, reportedly is not suitable and an island near Tahiti is expected to be selected as the trans- shipment port. The carrier vessels Tsuki- shima Maru and Hokko Maru will transport the tuna to the United States. The Tsukishima Maru was to have left Kobe on June 3. The Hokko Maru was scheduled to leave Japan on July 7. (Suisancho Nippo, May 27 and 29, 1964.) ed ee BS eS Gd TUNA FISHING TRENDS IN ATLANTIC OCEAN: Some 150 Japanese tuna vessels operating in the Atlantic Ocean are reported to be catch- ing large quantities of bluefin and big-eyed tuna. The majority of the bluefin is said to range in size from 400 to 800 pounds. The preponderance of those two species in the tuna catch is said to have created a market- ing problem for the Japanese trading firms. This is because tuna importing countries such as Italy prefer yellowfin and are willing to accept mixed species of tuna provided the shipments consist mainly of yellowfin. The Atlantic tuna catches are said to be present- ly running 30 percent yellowfin to 70 percent bluefin and big-eyed. (Suisan Tsushin, June 6, 1964.) KK OK OK OK FIRM TO OPERATE PURSE-SEINE FLEET IN ATLANTIC: A Japanese fishing firm's application to engage in purse-Seine fishing off the coast of West Africa, using Ghana as a base, has been approved by the Fisheries Agency. The firm plans to conduct a mothership-type operation, employing one mothership and two 90-ton COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 purse-Seine vessels. Assignment to that fleet of 5 pole-and-line vessels operating out of Ghana is also being contemplated. Fishing operations (primarily for tuna and mackerel) are expected to begin in August. The Japanese firm is planning on employing the 1,700-ton freezership Chichibu Maru No. 2 as the mothership. (Suisancho Nippo, May 15 & 18, 1964.) sk ok sk ook He OOK OK OK HALIBUT MOTHERSHIP RETURNS: The Japanese 700-ton mothership Fuji Ma- ru No. 3, specially chartered to fish for hali- but in Area 3B North Triangle (Eastern Ber- ing Sea), was scheduled to arrive in Tokyo on May 23, 1964. Reportedly, that mothership caught a total of 350 metric tons of fish, con- sisting of 100 tons of halibut and black cod, and the remainder mainly rockfish. (Suisan Tsushin, May 22, 1964.) mK OK Ok Ok oo CANNED PINK SALMON EXPORT PRICES: The Japan Land Salmon Packers Associa- tion, at a directors' meeting held in Hokkaido in early June, according to Minato Shimbun, June 5, 1964, has established the following standard export (f.0.b.) prices for canned pink salmon. Price Per Case Canned Pink Salmon: Fancy 48 cans/cs. (8-oz.) "96 cans/es. os oz.) JAPANESE NORTH PACIFIC MOTHERSHIP SALMON PRICES: The Japan Federation of Salmon Fishermen’s Associa- tions (NIKKEIREN) and the salmon mothership companies have reached agreement on the following ex-vessel prices for fresh whole salmon delivered by the catcher vessels to the motherships: 1963 Price Yen/kg.| U.S. Cents/1b. 1964 Price Yen/kg.) U.S. Cents/1b, Red 213 26.8 Chum | 115.5 14,6 Pink 93 ili Silver | 126 15.9 King 126 15.9 The 1964 salmon prices represent a flat 5 percent in- crease over 1963. The price negotiations were concluded on May 15, 1964, the day that the 11 salmon motherships and August 1964 Japan (Contd.): 369 catcher vessels were scheduled to depart for the fish- ing grounds, following the issuance of a directive issued by the Fisheries Agency (on the afternoon of May 15) call- ing on the NIKKEIREN and the mothership companies to make every effort to reach a settlement in good faith so that the fleet could depart as scheduled; otherwise, any de- lay in the fleet departure may well affect the departure date of the fleet in 1965, The NIKKEIREN had called a mass meeting on the morn- ing of the 15th of the 2,000-odd vessel owners and fisher- men and threatened to stop the departure of the salmon fleet. The fleet departed shortly after the price settlement was reached, but about 10 hours later than scheduled. (Sui- sancho Nippo, May 16; Suisan Tsushin, May 18, 1964.) _ Editor’s note: We have had several inquiries concern- ing the seemingly high prices for salmon paid to the Japa- nese fishermen, We have checked our sources carefully and believe the published prices are reliable, Despite the high cost of the raw product to the Japanese packers, we believe they are able to maintain their competitive position on the world canned salmon market for the following rea- sons: 1, Labor cost: The labor costisverylow. For example, our understanding is that the workers on the Japanese motherships receive an average salary of about $145 a month, At shore-based plants in Hokkaido, the cannery workers, mostly women, are provided, in addition to room and board, a monthly salary ranging from $20-30 a month, 2, Meat recovery: Recovery of meat per pound of fish is believed to be higher in Japan than in the United States, For example, meat attached to the head section is recov- ered manually by the Japanese and canned as ‘‘tid-bits.’’ 3, Utilization of byproducts: Japanese packers pack salmon caviar incidentally to their canning operations, The value of this product, which has a special market in Japan, is reported to be substantial, For example, in 1963 processed pink salmon roe (caviar) is said to have sold for $4.00 a pound on the wholesale market. First grade roe of other species sold for about $20-25 a pound. The fact that Japan has arranged to obtain salmon roe from United States canneries further attests to the economic value of that product. Another byproduct is salmon carcasses, For ex- ample, on the motherships, scraps remaining from the canning operations are processed for later conversion into fertilizer, 4, Other products: Large quantities of pink and chum salmon are salted, The return to the packer on the salted product compares favorably to that for the canned product, Smoked salmon is becoming a popular item in Japan, Smoked red salmon has a ready market in West Germany and the United Kingdom, The return to the producer on this specialty item is reported good, % OK OK KK SALMON CATCH BY MOTHERSHIP FLEETS: The salmon catch for the first ten days of the Japanese mothership fleets operating in the northern waters was reported to be run- ning 65 percent reds, 32-33 percent chums, and 2-3 percent pinks. (Suisan Tsushin, June 2, 1964.) KK KOK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 HOKKAIDO PACKERS BEGIN PACKING PINK SALMON: Japanese salmon packers in Hokkaido are reported to have started packing pink salmon quarters, paying about 220 yen a kilogram (US$0.277 a lb.) for the fresh fish. Reported- ly, at that price they are barely able to show a profit. The high cost of the raw product is attributed to the earliness of the fishing sea- son and scarcity of fish. The pink salmon fishery off eastern Hok- kaido was expected to peak toward mid-June at which time the Hokkaido packers planned to start putting up pink halves. Reportedly, to be able to pack that style at a profit the ex- vessel pink salmon price will have to come down to the 180-190 yen a kilogram (US$0.206- 0.217 a lb.) level. (Suisan Tsushin, June 2, 1964.) Editor's note: Salmon caught by the Japan- based fishing vessels operating in the North Pacific east of the Kurile Islands and Hokkai- do are usually sold by auction on the open market. They command higher prices than those prevailing in the salmon mothership fishery. In the case of the mothership fishery, prices are negotiated between the fishermen and mothership companies for the entire salmon season. The 1964 pink price to the fishermen engaged in the mothership fishery is $0.117 per pound. SALMON FISHERMEN REQUEST TUNA FISHING LICENSES: Japanese salmon fishermen engaged in the mothership-type salmon fishery have begun a concerted national effort to seek six-months tuna fishing licenses for 114 of their salmon vessels (80- to 90-ton), claiming that they need the licenses to ensure their livelihood, which they claim is now wholly dependent on the income derived from one fishery. They are being supported in their demands by the Northern Water Mothership Council (composed of the large companies operating motherships in the northern waters), prefectural Diet rep- resentatives, and the Governors of the 13 pre- fectures in northern Japan, and are taking their case directly to the Minister of Agricul- ture and Forestry and to the Diet. The National Federation of Tuna Fisher- men's Cooperative Association (NIKKEIREN), 72 Japan (Contd.): pointing to recent trends in the tuna fishery, claims that the salmon fishermen's demand violates the recently enacted Revised Fisher - ies Law. The NIKKEIREN plans a strong op- position to the demand of the salmon fisher- men and intends to carry on their fight on a political level also. (Minato Shimbun, June 6; Shin Suisan Shimbun, June 8, 1964.) OK OK OK OK ATLANTIC TRAWL LANDINGS, 1963: The 34 Japanese trawlers operating in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa landed a total of 91,984 metric tons of fish in 1963, according to preliminary data released by Japan's Fisheries Statistics Section, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. This is an in- crease of 44,000 tons over the 1962 catch made by 32 trawlers. The 1963 catch consisted of 39,105 tons of sea bream, 20,298 tons of squid, 6,999 tons of octopus, 6,504 tons of mackerel, 6,631 tons of cod, and 12,447 tons of miscellaneous spe- cies, with a total value of 11.2 billion yen (US$31.1 million). Of the total catch, nearly half (close to 45,000 tons) was exported to Europe, Africa, and the Middle Eastern and Near Eastern countries. The exports, con- sisting mainly of lower-priced fish, were valued at 2,640 million yen (US$7.3 million). Reportedly, the Japanese Atlantic trawl fleet in 1965 is expected to total 52 trawlers. In 1960 there were 5 trawlers engaged in the fishery off West Africa, in 1961 there were 15 trawlers, and in 1962 the number was 32 trawlers. (Suisancho Nippo, June 5, 1964.) eR oR ok Ok JOINT JAPANESE-CANADIAN FISHING ENTERPRISE IN CANADA PROPOSED: One of Japan's largest fishing companies has submitted an application to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry to export three 300-ton trawlers to Canada as part of its investment in the company that the firm plans to establish in Newfoundland jointly with a Canadian fisheries company. Should the ap- plication be approved, the Japanese firm plans to transfer to Canada the two 300-ton trawlers (Hiyo Maru and Chuyo Maru No. 16) presently fishing in the North Atlantic with — the 3,700-ton stern trawler Tenyo Maru No. She COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 The Canadian firm is reported to own processing and freezing facilities capable of handling the catch of ten 300-ton trawlers. The company employs 500 people. (Suisancho Nippo, May 25, 1964.) 1 OK OOK OK CK KING CRAB FISHING IN BRISTOL BAY IMPROVES The two Japanese king crab factoryships (Tokei Maru, 5,835 gross tons; and Dainichi Maru, 5,859 gross tons) operating in the East- ern Bering Sea are reported to be doing well after a relatively slow start. They wereaver- aging about 11 crabs a shackle. (Suisan Tsu- shin, May 18, 1964.) OK OK OK Ok KING CRAB CANNED PACK AND EXPORTS, FISCAL YEAR 1963: Japan's pack of canned king crab meat in fiscal year 1963 (March 1963-February 1964) from distant water areas--Bristol Bay, Ok- hotsk Sea (West Kamchatka), and the Olyutor Sea (off Siberian Coast)--totaled a record of 509,200 cases (48 3-pound cans) due to the increase in pack from the Olyutor area. The pack in Bristol Bay and the Okhotsk Sea in 1963 was the same as in the previous year. During the period 1956-1963, the Japanese king crab meat pack from Bristol Bay has shown almost a fourfold increase while the Okhotsk Sea pack has gradually declined. The Okhotsk Sea pack is subject to quota regulation by the International Northwest Pacific Fisher - ies Commission (Japan-Soviet Union). Japanese exports of canned king crab dur- ing March 1, 1963-February 29, 1964, totaled Table 1 - Japanese Exports of Canned King Crab Meat by Destination, March 1, 1963-February 29, 1964 United | United paar eee: Other uropean 3 States | Kingdom | Countries Ountries December January . February . 16, 765 1 [Saadaa cases a 48 pou cans. August 1964 Japan (Contd.): Table 2 - Japanese Pack of Canned King Crab Meat by Factoryship and Area, 1956-1963 F isei | 1960 | 959 | 1958 | ios | 1050 | eee ene menetrteen = eeemn (Standard Crises’ /)v<, tomronchiaivets G6 ere debe) ariel ieice Area and Factoryship 1962 Bristol Bay (Spring Season)1/: Tokei Maru Shinyo Maru... 2.2 - cece Te OE ee Bristol Bay (Fall Season) 1/: Eishin Maru .. 2. s+ ee eeece Chichibu Maru No. 2.....-. Banshu Maru No. 31....... ee 120, 000 60,000 115,000 |3/100,000 Ishiyama Maru Shinyo Maru Total Bristol Bay pack .... Okhotsk Sea: Yoko Maru. .... Kaiyo Maru pe . Hokuyo Maru .....-. Shiranesan Maru. . Seiyo Maru .... Total Okhotsk Sea pack ... Olyutor Sea (off Siberian Coast): Matsuhisa Maru ..... Uji Mam. ..... Ikema Maru.... Ikutshima Maru . . olsun wo ce ele e. ene 16) © Shikishima Maru ; Yoko Maru.... Total Olyutor Sea pack ... Total king crab pack eee eee . . . . . eee 2/Standard cases of 48 4-pound cans. meat per 100 standard cases of canned crab. 4/Combined production of Ishiyama Maru and Shinyo Maru. 330,917 cases, of which 56 percent was ex- ported to the United States, 23 percent to the United Kingdom, 17 percent to countries in Continental Europe, and about 4 percent to other countries. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, June 4, 1964.) KOK OK OK OK REACTION TO NEW U.S. LAW ON FISHING IN TERRITORIAL WATERS: President Johnson's statement on May 20, 1964, when he signed P. L, 88-308 (an act to prohibit fishing in territorial waters of the United States and in certain other areas by vessels other than vessels of the United States and by persons other than United States na- tionals or inhabitants), that the United States will give full consideration to Japan's long established king crab fishery in Bristol Bay, has dispelled the fear held among the Japa- nese Government and fisheries circles that the new law might shut out Japan from the Bering Sea crab fishery, according to Japan's 80, 000 3/22, 000 3/20, 000 = 3/30, 000 3/20, 000 : 1,700 4, 445 14,744 3, 722 488, 700 436,445 372,844 | 353,722] 381,078 | 404, 350 | 427, 350 1/Prior to 1961, Japanese king crab fishing in Bristol Bay was authorized only during the "spring season" (April-August). In 1961, the P y pring P. Japanese FisheriestAgency licensed king crab operations in Bristol Bay during the fall months as well as during the spring season. In 1963, the Bristol Bay spring and fall fisheries were combined into a single season. 3/Includes frozen king ‘crab converted, for statistical purposes, to equivalent canned pack with the factor: 1 metric ton frozen crab COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 80, 000 3/18, 100 rs ee national economic trade journal Nihon Keizai Shimbun, May 21 and 22, 1964. The periodical states that the new law has given rise to views within the Japanese Gov- ernment that Japan should restudy her pres- ent policy of rigidly adhering to the principle of freedom of the high seas. It points out that great changes are occurring in the interna- tional fisheries, with fishing countries gener- ally trending toward adopting the 12-mile ter- ritoral sea limit. The periodical adds that Japan's rigid adherence to the principle of freedom of the high seas, in the face of those developments, could lead toward isolating her in international fisheries. To prevent such an adverse situation, opinion is gaining ground within the Japanese Government that Japan should revise her basic policy on fishing on the high seas and should participate actively in international treaties, and thereby seek greater recognition of her vested fishing rights. KK KK 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): SHRIMP IMPORT TRENDS: Japan annually imports about 12,000-13,000 metric tons of frozen shrimp. Of thatamount, approximately 40 percent is supplied by Mex- ico. Japanese shrimp importers are disturbed over the occurrence of false labeling of fro- zen shrimp imported from Mexico. Unless the situation is remedied, they are said to be contemplating placing a voluntary ban on the purchase of Mexican frozen shrimp handled by certain United States trading firms. Ac- cording to the Japanese firms, the deliveries of frozen shrimp often did not conform to their order specifications, although the label- ing on the packages seemingly indicated that they did. For example, the contents of pack- ages marked as white shrimp were, in fact, brown and sizes were smaller than those in- dicated on the packages. (Minato Shimbun, May 23, 1964.) ae GH BR Ge 1964 FROZEN OYSTER PACK FOR EXPORT TO UNITED STATES: A total of 180 metric tons of frozen oysters for export to the United States was packed in the first quarter of this year by a leading Japanese fishery firm. In 1963, a total of 350 tons of Japanese frozen oysters was exported to the United States, 250 tons of which are re- ported sold. The composition of this year's Japanese frozen oyster pack by type of pack is: 40 tons tray-packed; 120 tons individually quick-fro- zen (bulk) packed; 20 tons block-packed. The sale of frozen oysters in Japan has in- creased as a result of the Japanese firm's accelerated home sales campaign. (Shellfish Soundings, May 14, 1964.) ek OK ok ok FISH MEAL PRICES: The Japanese firms operating fish meal factoryships in the Eastern Bering Sea are hopeful of receiving 62,000 yen (US$172) a metric ton for their 1964 production of fish meal on the domestic market. Fish mealcon- sumer organizations in Japan are countering with a price offer of 57,000 yen (US$158) a ton. Vol. 26, No. 8 Five Japanese factoryships are engagedin the production of fish meal in the Eastern Bering Sea this year. Their total production target amounts to slightly over 40,000 tons. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 17, 1964.) 7 OK OK OK OK MARINE OIL SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION, 1962-1963 AND 1964 FORECAST: Edible Marine Oil: Japanese production of edible marine oils in calendar year 1963 was down about 10 percent from that in the previous year due mainly to lower production of fish oil. Edible whale oil production in 1963 was down only 3 percent, but Japanese production of whale oil was expected to show a considerable decline in 1964 and exports of edible marine oil are also expected to de- cline in 1964. able 1 - Japanese Supply and Disposition of Edible Marine Oils, 1962-1963 and 1964 Forecast Calendar Years Forecast 1964 1963 - (Metric Tons). . . 1962 Grenade stocks: Fish oil and fish liver oil . Whale oil BEE bocca been Domestic disappearance . 2...» 1/Data not available. (The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry estimated that domestic food uses of marine oils in fiscal year 1964 amounted to 52, 500 tons--17, 400 tons whale oil and 35, 100 tons fish oil--all of which was consumed in the manufacture of margarine and shortening. In addition, 5,500 tons of fish oil was consumed for nonfood uses.) 103, 700} 119, 257] 94, 355 oY 4 1 Inedible Marine Oil: Japanese production of inedible marine oil (sperm oil) in 1963 was up 12 percent from the previous year. Pro- duction and exports of sperm oil are expected to increase in 1964. rine Che IMPORTS: Japanese imports of ma- rine oil are small and consist mainly of edible fish oil and shark-liver oil. Total imports of edible and inedible marine oils in 1963 were August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 Japan (Contd.): Table 4 - Japanese Exports of Marine Oils, by Country of Destination, 1962 and 1963 Table 2 - Japanese Supply and Disposition of Inedible Marine Oil (Sperm Oil)=/, 1962-1963 and 1964 Forecast Calendar Years Forecast 1964 - « (Metric Tons). . dible Marine Oils: Whale oil: Republic of Korea - 544 Wo aNd 5 oer North Korea... 226 = 4 etme) Communist China . - 1,016 Opening stocks, January STDP INER a5 © q 3 af 6. 8. . . > leone. : ne ies United Kingdom . . 27,880 | 24,872 RES Netherlands ... 54, 690 44,644 Total supply Belgium ..... 5, 080 = Sease ene France'y jcuap shane 13,564 - West Germany. . 15, 685 16, 325 United States .. - 730 Australia. . « «. 301 - Cod-liver oil: Malaysia) <6 je 5 2's Philippines... . « Candda. <5 es.» ss United States... 2... Other countries .... 3/Estimated by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Fores- try. The estimated exports of sperm oil are less than those shown in table 4, The exports of sperm oil shown in table 4 appear to include direct exports by fishing fleets. 4/Data not available. (The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry estimated that domestic nonfood uses of sperm oil in fiscal year 1964 amounted to 22,000 tons.) Total fish oil... ee eee ees 1,062 | 963 | Shark-liver gil: United States 5 2 2 2 ww we wee 5 47 Table 3 - Japanese Imports of Marine Oils by Country Other countries, & 2 oo MAL coe 5 12 63 of Origin, 1962 and 1963 Tegan ive al M2067 Commodity and Country of Origin Other fish-liver oil: . «(Metric Tons). . Nofwayi ls ci Ree Tee eke! 33 52 Edible Marine Oil: Sweden), 9's wy0) fo jaye ie she lepers: ov 0 27 126 Cod-liver oil: United Kingdom o evese,e ope 0, 0 0 38 124 Republic of Korea .....2-e06 83 Wetherlands SS ct oc + te: e/a tues 59 120 Other.countries .....05000 8 7 _ SS IER Fie Sh Ch on ian ; ; SANCCH aysiwrot tie (ale te 3 .epetfer ae Aca ithioer 0 3-) UBS oe ella el laces aaa 37 ae Shark-liver oil: Werpedtistates teu ere tance eMe telst cs 293 334 Republiclof’Korea S25. ss 2 6 « Aintree eis swe iabehetere salt «te 5 | 77 Republic of China . . Othericourtries 3) 5 svepsiie ssl tee 60 81 IMORWAY sie’ o ols Sle 0 United States ..... Other Countries Cy ee ey ee Total other fish-liver oils .... Fish oil: - 56 76 110 49 65 - 19 24 17 Total k-li i eee ee Pride ie eeipe7| Republic of Korea ...2.2.2.- pet aaa 149 28. Republic On China ly -- sal eienenelie Republic of Korea e Malaysia... es eee eee ees Communist China 9 United States ate ee) olets.s Yana Republic of China 32 Other countries ....-+ceeee Hong Kong .... 21 ‘LOtalishON) wis ls » s6 ¢ ehiale United States Baie Canes Unclassified marine oil: Alli countries 9516) 5" «: :s-0) srieigae ane 31 37 Total edible marine oils +++ | 119,257 94, 355 co rN ia N}/OOMOWO Republic of Korea .. Republic of China . United Kingdom .... fon) &8 _ ' Total fish oil Whale oil: Ryley njlslands . «ier ./tswe coWel ser ca)koue Mintel Statens 's isl ejoue eens! en etets Motaliwhale, orl. cca eke, aie. bas Total edible marine oils ...... Inedible Marine Oil: Sperm oil: United States 9 cyists pebwi esl vaio) aie Total edible and inedible marine oils Source: Japanese Customs Bureau, Ministry of Finance. N “N N a N o Netherlands .... Belgium. ... os West Germany .. United States ... Australia 9. 6 4) Other countries . Total sperm oil 40, 498 Total edible and inedible marine oils| 172,817 | 134, 853 | 1/Totals exceed estimated total exports of sperm oil shown in table 2. 1, 167 g 1, 167 Source: Japanese Customs Bureau, Ministry of Finance. 76 Japan (Contd.): down 57 percent from those in 1962 due main- ly to smaller shipments from Angola and the Republic of Korea. EXPORTS: Japanese exports of edible ma- rine oils in 1963 were up 26 percent from those in the previous year due to larger ship- ments of whale oil which accounts for the bulk of Japanese edible marine oil exports. The leading buyers are the Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, and West Germany. Exports of inedible sperm oil (as reported by the Japanese Customs Bureau) were also up in 1963 due mainly to larger shipments to the Netherlands. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 83. JAPANESE MAY PURCHASE DUTCH WHALING FACTORYSHIP: The three large Japanese fishing companies engaged in whaling in the Antarctic Ocean will likely sign an agreement to purchase the Neth- erlands Whaling Company's whaling factory - ship Willem Barendsz (26,830 gross tons), in- cluding that factoryship's six-percent interna- tional whale-catch quota. The purchase was to be made after the June 1964 International Whaling Conference, according to informed industry sources. In January 1964 the Presi- dent of the Netherlands Whaling Company had offered to sell its factoryship to Japan. How- ever, the Japanese firms, after meeting with the Fisheries Agency, decided at that time not to commit themselve on the offer until after the June conference. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 14, 1964.) Mexico COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SHRIMP VESSELS BUILT FOR KUWAIT: Mexico is becoming an important factor in supplying foreign fisheries with shrimp ves- sels. A shrimp vessel built in Mexico has been operating successfully off Pakistan, and a shipyard on the Pacific coast of Mexico has received orders for the construction of twelve 67-foot steel shrimp vessels for Kuwait. Or - ders have also been received from Brazil and Chile. Four of the shrimp vessels for Kuwait were completed in May 1964 and the other 8 are Vol. 26, No. 8 Fig. 1 - Steel shrimp trawler (67 feet) under construction at a shipyard in Mazatlan, Mexico, for export to Kuwait. nearing completion. The vessels are being delivered ready to fish and are fully equipped with nets, radio, direction finder, echo-sound- er, brine refrigeration equipment, and fiber - glass skiffs. The machinery and most of the electronics equipment installed were manu- factured in the United States, although Japa- nese echo-sounders have been used. The ves- sels are equipped with special machines to sort shrimp by size. Fig. 2 - Several of the 12 steel shrimp vessels built for Kuwait. Four were ready to ship in 10 days. Designed for operation in the tropics, the vessels have been built to identical specifica- tions to facilitate maintenance in remote areas. They are designed to carry a crew of 25, about twice the size of Mexican crews on compara- ble vessels. The new vessels will be delivered to Ku- wait by freighter. They will be accompanied by experienced 3-man Mexican crews--cap- tain, engineer, and seamen--who will remain with the vessels under 18-months contracts August 1964 Mexico (Contd.): Fig. 3 - Steel shrimp vessels ready to leave for Kuwait, fully equip- ped and ready to fish. Mexican captain, engineers, and 1 crew- man foreach vessel are provided on an 18-months contract. to train Kuwait fishermen. (United States Embassy, Mexico, D.F., June 1, 1964.) le le sleet * * = SECONDARY FISHERIES OF SINALOA: The Mexican state of Sinaloa and its prin- cipal fishing port Mazatlan on the Gulf of California are known throughout the fishing world for their shrimp industry. However, some of the lesser known fisheries in the area are also of interest. Those include, a- mong others, the sport fishery, a canoe fish- ery, a sea turtle fishery, and a shark fishery. Mazatlan Sport Fishery: Excellent fishing for marlin and sailfish is the lure that brings many tourists to Mazatlan. A fleet of about COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Oe 40 sport fishing charter vessels operates out of Mazatlan for large game fish. Daily charter rates range from US$50 to $65 during the sea- son from November through May and about $40 during the remainder of the year. Rates include tackle and bait as well as the services of the skipper and a deckhand for 2 to 3 sport fishermen. The rate for longer trips to off- shore islands is about $120 per day. Part-day trips for numerous smaller game fish are $6 per hour. Fig. 2 - Mazatlan as seen by a returning shrimp vessel. The season for striped marlin, which is the principal game fish, is from January into May. Sailfish are available from early May to November. The large black marlin are taken in May, June, and July. At times, all three varieties are caught in a single day. Fig. 3 - Fiberglass charter sport fishing boat being built in a shipyard in Mazatlan. Steel shrimp vessels can be seen in background. When all 40 charter sport vessels are fish- ing, which is a frequent occurrence, the total gross daily income for charters runs from $1,600 to $2,400. In addition, other craft fish- ing for the smaller game fish also bring ina sizable income. The Mazatlan sport fishery provides a livelihood for some 80 to 100 crew- men and 40 employees of the landing wharfs for the sport fleet. It also helps support the fishermen who catch mullet for bait, and brings additional income to boatyards and sup- pliers, 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Mexico (Contd.): The total Mazatlan sports catch of marlin and sailfish amounts to over 5,000 fish a year. Virtually all of those are given by the anglers to the crew for sale at extremely low prices for the manufacture of fish meal. Realizing that marlin taken in the Japanese tuna fishery are used for fish sausages, the Mexican De- partment of Fisheries is seeking ways to use the sport-caught fish in its program to in- crease the consumption of fishery products. Mazatlan Canoe Fishery: In picturesque contrast to Mazatlan's modern fleet of shrimp trawlers and shrimp processing plants, is the fleet of dugout canoes that calls the beach in front of luxurious resort hotels its home port. The canoe fleet consists of about 100 craft. Fig. 4 - Hand-line canoes on the beach at Mazatlan--fish for sierra, snapper, corvina, cabrilla, etc. Nearly all are dugouts but a few are fiber- glass. Most of the canoes are powered by small inboard engines. The canoes, manned by 1 or 2 fishermen, usually fish within sight of the beach. Their catches are made with hook and line, and include sierra, corvina, cabrilla, and snapper. Some of the catch is purchased by local buyers for retail markets and hotels, but much of the catch is shipped by truck to Mexico City and Guadalajara. Sea Turtle Fishery: One of the coopera- tives in Sinaloa maintains a sea turtle fish- ery. During April 1964, a sea turtle catch of over 30 tons was taken by the cooperative. The sea turtles, known as caguama or cahua- ma, provide both leather and meat. er is used for luxury products. The meat is consumed locally to a large extent. The flip- per meat is used in a soup that is a favorite dish of Mazatlan. The leath- Vol. 26, No. 8 The director of the Mazatlan Biological Station of the Mexican Department of Fisher- ies has stated that the sea turtle resource is rather limited and under constant threat from unauthorized egg gathering on the beaches. (Sea turtles go ashore to deposit their eggs.) Nevertheless, if supervised carefully, the fishery could probably be expanded somewhat. Shark Fishery at Teacapan: The village of Teacapan at the Southern tip of Sinaloa is known for its shrimp and oysters. From mid- September to early December the town is bustling with activity as close to 1,000 local canoes are busy producing shrimp for the can- nery and freezing plant in nearby Escuinapa. During other seasons, the fishermen are em- ployed in the oyster fishery, the tourist sport fishery, and the shark fishery. The Teacapan shark fishery does not compare with the mod- ern large-scale shark fisheries operating at Mazatlan, Islas Tres Marias, and Zihuatanejo. But the Teacapan operation is typical of the small shark fisheries at dozens of remote villages all along the coast. Fig. 5 - Right of center is a shark fishing boat, Teacapan, Sinaloa. A few small power boats operate in the ocean waters near the Teacapan lagoon, landing shark catches on the sandy beach at the village. The an ee Fig. 6 - Butchering 4 large sharks on the beach at Teacapan. August 1964 Mexico (Contd.): sharks are dressed on the beach and the fil- lets are washed in the lagoon. The meat is salted and sun-dried on racks. The result- ing productis said tobe similar to dry-salted Fig. 7 - After the shark fillets are washed, they are put on rocks to dry. The product is sold as "bacalao de tiburon," In left foreground, shark fins are on the racks to dry. cod. In fact, it is called ''bacalao de tiburon" or codfish-style shark. The product is ship- ped to the cities for sale by the National Company of Popular Subsistance (CONASUPO) to limited-income groups. It is also sold in the markets. CONASUPO has prepared a pamphlet of recipes that features ''bacalao de tiburon.'' The shark fins are similarly dried for use in soup. Mexican exports of dried shark fins (mainly to the United States) amount to about 70,000 pounds annually, valued at $28,000. (Fisheries Attache, Unit- ed States Embassy, Mexico, D.F., June 1, 1964.) Netherlands FISH MEAL PRICES, 1962-1963: During January-September 1963, fish meal prices inthe Netherlands averaged lower than those in the same period of 1962; but in the final quarter of 1963 an upward trend carried Dutch fish meal prices above those inthe last COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 Average Monthly Prices~/ of Fish Meal in the Netherlands, 1962-1963 Guilders/ Metric Ton January ... 547 137.6 578 February 546 137.4 560 [March . 529 133.1 542 April es 522 131.3 540 MANS. foro shn 513 129.1 543 136.6 ume . oe «© 513 129.1 528 132.8 Jiktve «a6 508 127.8 520 130.8 August ... 502 126.3 508 127.8 September 505 127.0 517 130.1 October... 535 134.6 518 130.3 November. . 542 136.3 539 135.6 IDecember . 579 145.7 552 138.9 1/Brokers' prices to users for 61.4 percent protein meal, Source: Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics, quarter of 1962. Hague, April 24, 1964.) (United States Embassy, The Io se ke ee Ss Es Ss | MARINE OIL SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION, 1963 WITH COMPARISONS: Suppl y and Disposition: In 1963, there was an increase of about 56 percent in domestic production of marine oils in the Netherlands, although imports continued to provide the bulk of the total supply. Domestic use absorbed 73 percent of that supply, 8 percent was exported, and 19 percent was carried over on December jill Slap Table 1 - Netherlands Supply and Dispositionof Marine Oils, 1963 fa aaa 1953 Metric Tons 18, 306 95,500 Supply: Opening stocks, January 1 .. C.f6 lee © EEE 5) As oils— ow ake. aia (eb 6 latwe As oil in products. ... Total exports Domestic disappearance: OOM TSC ine eclelsle © aletse cleave = eS eS eC Total domestic disappearance .+seee-e 91, 334 Closing stocks, December 31 .....e200 23, 689 1/Does not completely agree with data reported in table 2. 2/Production entirely from Dutch raw material. 3/Does not include fish-liver oil. Source: Estimates based on preliminary data issued by the Neth- erlands Product Board for Margarine, Fats, and Oils, 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 Netherlands (Contd.): Table 2 - Netherlands Imports of Fish and Marine-Animal Oils, 1962-1963 Commodity and Origin Value ) 1,000 Guilders} Us$1i,'000 | Fish-Liver Oil: European Economic Community ..... 337 190 53 Iceland. . eee elisileiieutalieiie) =) 29 62 17 Norway .-2eececee Goado0 dd 311 298 83 Portugal .. 2.22 A000 00005 554 16 4 Japan ..-ceececes eilelisdisainieiielic 59 732 203 Other countries ... ele) eiielemer ele 59 50 14 Total fish-liver oil 1, 348 374 Fish Oil European Economic Community .... e Pa al7/al 841 233 Iceland... 2... 5 oleic) sire 1,235 144 40 United States... 6 aiieyte welts) 17, 398 10, 040 5,531 1,534 PEM oo ao066 5 eae) elcelne! 1,812 Chile. 2. 5 eo 3 . o.oo OF0 523 Other countries . O Ga o00 103 4,245 Whale Oil: IGAENGN 5 oo 6b b000 SOo0D0Gg00 we - 713 198 INOIWAYNejisiesiailel a itetioisilattalioitsitelt jis iisits) 9,481 5,048 809 224 IEBEMN Goo OondoOobOooDDdOdOUS 12,381 6,567 5,612 1,556 Other countries, «2 ees eee ee eee 770 349 1 1/ Sea deliveries?/ ... 2. cee ceeee 3, 824 2,458 10, 089 2,798 Hotaliwhalejoil ya welelelsnelcleleliells 26, 456 Other Fats from Marine Products INorwWayiemetiolclcliciolclclicliciicl cc sie » « 114 | vemcer oc SobGc0ccogsece 488 United States . 22 2ecscee reeves 1,241 | HEM go b60G00do0D0n0D0GDO00 - IFPED sogoogGoGdoOC0KdonD 66 Other countries ‘. . 2 eseceec cee e 37 Total other marine fats ....e.e.e | 1,946 | ) Total imports of marine oils ...e. 92, 829 45, 463 1/Less than $500. 2/From whale oil production vessels other than those in Dutch fleets. Source: Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. Commodity and Destination US$1,000 | Metric Tons US$1, 000 25 39 5 8 30 47 Fish -Liver Oil: European Economic Community ..... Other countries... 2... Total fish-liver oil .... 22220 Fish Oil: European Economic Community ..... SEA s Fo GOO ODO OOOO oOo O8 Other countries . . ees eee Total fish oil .......-. Whale Oil: European Economic Community ..... INOLWayare) cient iloiteite: (offal /ellemeliswlelfeita Other countries... 2 ese Total whale oil ... 2. eee Other Fats from Marine Products: European Economic Community ..... United States “275.0 2. es ee Other countries ...seecee Total other marine fats... +. 3,014 aio nn OG oN Razz 1180 met | es 300 | Total exports of marine oils ..... 6,096 3,996 1, 108 8,998 6, 150 1,706 1/Less than US$500. Source: Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. August 1964 Netherlands (Contd.): Imports: Total imports of marine oils by the Netherlands in 1963 were up 16 percent in quantity and 28 percent in value from those in the previous year due mainly to larger ship- ments of fish oil from Peru, the United States, and Chile. The gain was partly offset by a de- cline in total whale oil imports which were reduced by a drop in direct deliveries by for- eign fishing fleets. (Imports of whale oil from Norway were substantially higher in 1963.) With a decline in world production of whale oil in 1963, whale oil prices at Rotterdam showed a substantial gain (table 4). Table 4 - Wholesale Price of Whale Oil, c.i.f, Rotterdam, at Selected Intervals, 1962-1963 September December 1/Mid-month prices. Source: Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Exports: Total exports of marine oils from the Netherlands in 1963 were down 32 percent in quantity and 35 percent in value from those in 1962 due to a sharp drop in shipments of whale oil. The European Economic Commun- ity (EEC) was the leading buyer of all types of Dutch marine oil in 1962. In 1963, the EEC continued to be the leading market for Dutch fish oil, but the United States replaced the EEC as the main market for processed fats from marine oils. (United States Embassy, The Hague, April 24, 1964.) Notes: (1) Netherlands guilder 3,606 equals US$1.00. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 69, Dec. 1963 p. 74, Jan. 1963 p. 106. SIX TUNA ICE VESSELS ASSIGNED TO NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES BASE: One of the larger Japanese fishing firms contracted for six tuna ice vessels (ranging in size from 99 to 190 gross tons) to fish out of its base at Saint Martin, Netherlands West Indies. The Saint Martin base has a 2,000- ton fresh tuna export quota. That firm had about 35 tuna vessels fish- ing for it in the Atlantic Ocean in 1963, and handled about 20,000 metric tons of Atlantic COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 ORIENTATION MAP t.| ts pop se tepzoe rc SN . \ cura: AO \ lee she Ocean-caught tuna. Of that amount, 90 per- cent was exported. (Suisancho Nippo, June 4, and May 30, 1964.) Norway LOFOTEN COD FISHERY DISAPPOINTING IN 1964: Total landings from the 1964 Norwegian Lofoten cod fishery amounted to only 23,700 metric tons at the close of the season April 82 Norway (Contd.): 20. That was a decline of 4,600 tons from the catch in 1963, and the second lowest catch since World War II. Most of the fishermen who participated in the Lofoten cod fishery in 1964 will be eligible for State aid under the Act of Minimum Shares which guarantees fish- ermen a minimum weekly income. The Lofoten area is in the path of spawning cod passing from the Barents Sea to the coast of Norway. During the last 8 years, the total annual Norwegian catch of spawning cod along the entire coast from Mére to Finmark (in- cluding the Lofoten area) has been reduced by about 50 percent to 49,200 tons in 1964. Ac- cording to statements made by several repre- sentatives of the fishermen, the downward trend in the cod catch off the coast of Norway is mainly due to overfishing of stocks in the Barents Sea. (United States Embassy, Oslo, May 17, 1964.) IMPROVED ECHO-SOUNDER OFFERED BY NORWEGIAN FIRM: A sonar device with a range of 6,500 feet in any direction (twice the range of conven- tional sonars) has been introduced by anelec- tronics firm in Norway. The company claims the new instrument can determine the loca- tion and direction of fish schools with accura- cy. It was designed specifically to meet the needs of Norwegian herring fishermen, but can be used in other fisheries. It can be op- erated automatically or by push-button con- trol, and can be installed in vessels as small as 70 feet. (News of Norway, May 28, 1964.) Pakistan SHRIMP PROCESSING CAPACITY OF PLANTS IN KARACHI: A total of 14 shrimp freezing and process- ing plants (2 more than in 1962) are located in Karachi, Pakistan, each with an average daily capacity of 10 metric tons. When oper- ating six days a week, their combined annual capacity has a potential of about 42,000 tons. In 1963, however, only 18,400 tons of shrimp were landed for the use of those plants. A new shrimp freezing plant on the Mek- ran coast at Gwadar which was to have opened COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW USSRE- nes \L- (Afghanistan iy ) - eres \ in 1963 was not yet in operation, according to latest reports. (United States Embassy, Ka- rachi, May 15, 1964.) Peru FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS, JANUARY -APRIL 1964: Peruvian fish meal production in January - April 1964 was reported to be 655,000 metric tons, or 48 percent more than the 443,300 tons produced during the same period of 1963. i SS ar F< : fil Federal Trade Commission BARS DISCRIMINATION IN RENTALS AND SALES OF SHRIMP PEELING MACHINERY: On June 4, 1964, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ruled that officers and directors of two Louisi- ana corporations distributing shrimp peeling machinery have abused their patent rights in the shrimp process - ing machinery field. The FTC, therefore, issued an order barring certain discriminatory practices. The officers and directors of the firms concerned were or- dered to: (1) stop discriminating among domestic shrimp producers in the rentals charged for their ma- chines; and (2) offer their machines for sale to domes- tic canners at the same prices and under the same con- ditions and terms as are presently offered to foreign canners. On the other hand, the FTC dismissed allegations that the shrimp peeling machinery patent holders had used various unlawful means to gain, perpetuate, or extend a monopoly position in the shrimp processing machinery field. The FTC ruled that members of the family which are officers and directors of the Louisiana corpora- tions involved have unlawfully abused their patent- based monopoly in the shrimp processing machinery field by (1) charging Northwest shrimp canner lessees of this indispensable machinery double the rate charged Gulf Coast canners, and (2) selling the machinery to foreign canners while refusing to sell and merely leas- ing it to competing domestic canners. An order halting those illegal discriminatory prac- tices was issued by the FTC against the four former copartners of the New Orleans firm marketing the ma- chinery. That company was liquidated late last year and the four copartners now are the officers and di- rectors of two successor corporations. The Commission said in its opinion written by Com- missioner Everette MacIntyre that respondents! pat- ented shrimp processing machinery includes peelers, cleaners, separators, deveiners, and graders. The principal piece of machinery and the one developed first is the peeler, which was offered to Gulf Coast shrimp canners in 1949. Prior to its advent the can- ners depended on hand labor for peeling or picking their shrimp. Four peeling machines can approximately equal the output of 250 to 300 laborers. Consequently the peeler immediately made hand picking obsolete and became an absolute necessity. Within less than 10 years all the Gulf Coast canners had installed and were using respondents! peelers. Prior to 1956 all shrimp canneries (except a single plant in Georgia which ceased production in 1961) were located on the Gulf Coast. In the early 1950's com- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW DERAL 4 y ACTIONS | Vol. 26, No. 8 mercially exploitable quantities of pandalid shrimp (smaller and having less meat yield than the penaeid variety found off the Gulf Coast) were discovered off the coasts of Washington and Oregon. In 1956 the first canning plant was started at Westport, Wash., and re- spondents leased a peeler to it. By September 30, 1959, their machines were operating in 12 Northwest can- neries. West Coast canners are charged double the rental rate assessed Gulf Coast lessees. The reason for the differential, the respondents stated, is that the smaller West Coast shrimp have a count per pound ap- proximately twice that of the Gulf Coast variety and the higher rate was fixed ''. . .in order to adhere to our basic policy of charging a rate which was in proportion to the labor saved." Rejecting this, the Commission 'found that respond- ents' avowed reason for their practices is not worthy of belief" and that their actual intent was to protect and foster their own interests as shrimp canners by inhibiting the shrimp canners packing the pandalid shrimp of the Northwest. (The family of the peeling machine firms engages in shrimp canning thfough an- other corporate enterprise.) "The respondents' and other Gulf Coast canners! fear of the embryo Northwest shrimp manufactory stems from two factors: the comparative low cost of pandalid shrimp and the static condition of the canned shrimp mar- ket. These factors convinced the respondents that un- less defensive steps were taken the Gulf Coast shrimp industry would be unable to compete and would be even- tually overpowered by the new competition from the Northwest." Commissioner MacIntyre pointed out that several Northwest "canners who ceased canning shrimp en- tirely testified that they would have been able to con- tinue operations and garner a reasonable profit had they been charged the same rates as those enjoyed by the Gulf canners. The statistical evidence completely sup- ports this testimony, for in most cases the excess rent- al charged was substantially greater than the losses ex- perienced. "As we view it, respondents! conduct is completely undefensible. It constitutes a hasty, almost panicky, reaction to a new competitive threat. Their activities are shortsighted and economically self-defeating. The long-range interests of the shrimp canning industry in this country and of the economy as a whole lie in in- creased, rather than curtailed, competition. This in- dustry is selling in a market which has remained static for four decades. While in recent years the lack of growth may be blamed to a certain extent upon the in- creasing popularity with the public of frozen shrimp products, this was not true for the entire period and does not constitute a complete explanation today. A principal reason for the static condition of this universe August 1964 is the complete failure of the producers to aggressively exploit their product by an aggressive program of con- sumer education. The money spent for advertising by the industry as a whole has been insignificant and this record indicates that an untapped market consisting of 76 percent of all American families is awaiting ex- ploitation. If, as this record indicates, the supplies of shrimp in the Alaskan fishery are indeed unlimited, the potential for the Northwest shrimp canning industry directly and for the respondents indirectly through in- creased utilization of their machines is likewise un- limited. "In view of all the foregoing facts and conclusions, it is the decision of this Commission that the respond- ents have engaged in unfair methods of competition and unfair acts or practices in commerce in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The gravamen of the offense so found is the fixing and charging of higher discriminatory peeling machine rental rates to producers of canned shrimp located in the Northwestern United States with the result and ef- fect of injuring and destroying competition between said Northwest canners and canners located in the Gulf and South Atlantic areas of the United States." The Commission similarly held to be unlawful re- spondents' practice of refusing to sell their machinery to American canners while selling it to foreign com- petitors. "Since the practice of selling shrimp processing machinery to foreigners is of comparatively recent origin, the full effects of the practice have yet to be felt by the domestic shrimp canning industry,"' Com- missioner MacIntyre stated. ''However, there is suf- ficient evidence in the record to support a finding that the probable effects of the practice will be to injure and seriously curtail the competitive abilities of do- mestic canners in two relevant markets: one consisting of the entire United States and the other the total of all foreign countries." He pointed out that the "inevitable result of this practice is to maintain high production costs at home and to permit to foreigners lower production costs. The resulting imbalance of competitive ability canhave no other effect than to make it increasingly difficult for our domestic producers to compete for foreign markets. On the other hand, we could reasonably ex- pect that with lower peeling costs our domestic can- ners could expand their foreign sales. To impede or prevent such expansion is no less of an unfair practice or unreasonable restraint than to occasion a diminu- tion in market position." The Commission also noted that American sellers of shrimp "testified that competition from Japanese imports was becoming an increasingly serious factor in the domestic shrimp market. Apparently most can- ners in both the Northwestern United States and along the Gulf Coast are apprehensive with respect to this already serious competition and the almost inevitable probability that the present relative trickle of imported canned shrimp will increase toa flood... . "The discomfiture of the American canners is un- derstandable, for the respondents have placed them in an untenable position. They are required to operate with static higher peeling costs--costs which remain at a constant level without regard for production level. Foreign canners using machines purchased from re- spondents experience initial lower costs which recede COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 with increased production. American canners have been placed at a competitive disadvantage by respond- ents' foreign sales and the likelihood is that their for- eign competitors, particularly the Japanese, will en- large their penetration of the United States canned shrimp market. Domestic canners are powerless in the face of respondents! patent monopoly to effect any change in their competitive position vis-a-vis their foreign com- petitors using respondents' machines and the public in- terest requires remedial action on their behalf. Re- spondents' discriminatory practice of selling to some, but not all, competing canners has been shown by this record to be unfair and violative of Section 5 of the Fed- eral Trade Commission Act." On the other hand, the FTC dismissed the complaint as to the family's shrimp canning enterprise and the president of that firm. Also dismissed were allegations in the complaint that respondents have utilized various unlawful means to gain, perpetuate, or extend a monopoly position in the shrimp processing machinery field, and that the fami- ly's shrimp canning firm and the individual respondents combined to adopt and carry out the alleged monopolistic practices Commissioner Philip Elman filed a separate opinion stating his views. He said, among other things, that due to respondents! discriminatory prices the "Northwest canners have been forced to the wall and may well be eliminated as a competitive factor in the shrimp can- ning industry. "The short of it is that respondents' insistence on charging a monopoly price may well result in the de- struction of a substantial segment of the shrimp canning industry. This result, which is not dictated by efficien- cy--for .. .the cost of processing shrimp by machine is the same regardless of the size of the shrimp--but by monopoly power, is clearly opposed to the objectives of antitrust policy. The right of a monopolist to exploit his monopoly (whether such monopoly is conferred by patents or otherwise) by charging a monopolist's dis- criminatory price does not, in my opinion, include the right to destroy or cripple a major segment of an in- dustry, but must yield in such a case to the policy of competition embodied in the antitrust laws... In the circumstances, respondents' refusal to treat the North- west and the Gulf Coast shrimp canners on equal terms is an abuse of monopoly power. It has substantially and unjustifiably injured competition in the shrimp canning industry. It is therefore an unfair method of competi- tion forbidden by Section 5." However, continued Commissioner Elman, ''So far as the charge relating to unlawful discrimination by re- spondents between foreign and domestic shrimp canners is concerned, I am compelled to dissent from the Com- mission's finding of violation. The record tells us al- together too little about the costs of foreign shrimp can- ners to justify an inference of competitive injury. Nor is it at all clear to what extent being able to purchase rather than lease respondents' shrimp processing ma- chinery represents a net cost savings to the foreign canners." 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AMENDMENT TO STANDARD OF IDENTITY FOR CANNED TUNA EFFECTIVE JUNE 15, 1964: With reference to amending the standard of identity for canned tuna by listing sodium acid pyrophosphate as an optional ingredient for inhibiting the development of struvite erystals, notice was given on May 27, 1964, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, that no objections were filed to the order pub- lished in the Federal Register of April 16, 1964. Accordingly, the amendment promul- gated by that order became effective on June 15, 1964. The Notice was published in the Federal Register of June 3, 1964. An earlier Notice that a petition had been filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Adminis - tration proposing that the standard of identity for canned tuna be amended was published in the February 6, 1964, Federal Register. It invited all interested persons to submit their views regarding the proposal. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 62. e -) ue Si ”) Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PROPOSED REVISED STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN FISH BLOCKS: Notice of proposed revised standards for grades of frozen fish blocks was published in the Federal Register, June 12, 1964, by the Department of the Interior in accordance with the authority contained in Title II of the Ag- ricultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). The pro- posed revised standards would be issued as an amendment to Part 263 of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, and would supersede the standards that have been in effect since July 1958. The notice of proposed revised standards for grades of frozen fish blocks as it appear- ed in the Federal Register, June 12, 1964, follows: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR RART 263] FROZEN FISH BLOCKS Proposed U.S. Standards for Grades Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e), it is proposed to amend five sections of Part 263 of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose of this amendment is to issue standards for grades of frozen fish blocks in accordance with the authority contained in Title IZ of the Agricultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). It is the policy of the Department of the Interior whenever practicable, to afford the public an opportunity to par- ticipate in the rule making process. Ac- cordingly, interested persons may submit written comments, suggestions, or objec- tions with respect to the proposed amendment to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D.C., within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. JUNE 5, 1964. Second issue. These standards will supersede the standards that have been in effect since July 1958. § 263.1 Description of the product. Frozen fish blocks are rectangeular- shaped masses of cohering frozen fish flesh of a single species. They consist of adequately drained whole, wholesome fillets or pieces of whole, wholesome fillets cut into small portions but not ground or comminuted; and they are frozen and Iaiatained at temperatures necessary for the preservation of the product. Frozen fish blocks are made in two styles. (a) Style I—skinless fish blocks. Fish blocks that have been made from skin- less fillets. (b) Style II—skin-on fish Dlocks. Fish blocks that have been made from demon- strably acceptable skin-on fillets. § 263.2 Grades of frozen fish blocks. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen fish blocks that (1) possess a good flavor and odor and that (2) have a total score of 85 to 100 points for those factors that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen fish blocks that (1) possess at least a reasonably good flavor and odor and that (2) have a total score of 70 to 84 points for those factors that are rated in accordance with the scoring system in this part. (c) “Substandard” is the quality of frozen fish blocks that meet product de- scription but fail to meet the require- ments of U.S. Grade B. § 263.11 Determination of the grade. The grade is determined by examining the product in the frozen, thawed, and Vol. 26, No. 8 August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ie) ‘TABLE 1—SCHEDULE OF POINT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE UNIT on Style II block. Blemishes are meas- ured on a 5-pound portion cut from the State | No. Factors scored Aspects determining score Deduct SS edge of the fish block and thawed. 2 || Oolortccwet ese Small degree: Moderate yellowing 4 (2) “Bones” refers to any potentially Large degree: Excessive yellowing and/or rusti: 16 harmful bones in the fish block. A po- 2| Dehydration-.......----- Minor: Moderate dehydration for each 10 percent of surface 3 tentially harmful bone is one that after vee atten ected. ate at? ar , being cooked is capable of piercing or alan pee jehydration for each 10 percent of surface 6 hurting the palate. One instance of ee bones means one bone or group of bones 3 | Uniformity of size._---__- vA eee ser aon Tor Pa declared size in length, width, 3 occupying or contacting a circular area or thickness +}4 to \ g Major: Each deviation from declared size in length, width, 6 of 1 square inch. Bones are measured 2 RUS NEN SEE on the same 5-pound thawed portion cut “a 4 | Uniformity of weight_...- Minor: Any minus deviation from declared weight of more 3 from the fish block. aoa Younce but not anor than. 4 ounces, - (c) Examination of the cooked prod- ajor; Any minus deviation from declared weight more 8 uct. (1) Heating in a suitable manner than 4 ounces, Edge angle—2 out of 3 readings deviating 34 inch____-__.___- 2 Corner angle—each angle deviating 34 inch. ragge For each 1 ounce unit cut from the block that would be ad- yt vere affected due to air spaces, ice spaces, depressions, edges, damage, or imbedded packaging material. Each blemish in 5 pounds of fish block 2 .| Each instance of bones in 5 pounds of fish block Cooked 9) MU OxGOr aeeee nee Small Degree: Moderately tough, dry, rubbery, or mushy__ 5 Large Degree: Excessively tough, dry, rubbery, or mushy__ 15 cooked states and is evaluated by con- sidering the following factors: (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variation in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in table 1. The total of points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of “flavor and odor” is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling and tasting the product after it has been cooked in accordance with § 263.25. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a Grade A product) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the indicated species of fish and is free from rancidity, bitterness, staleness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. * (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a Grade B product) means that the cooked product is lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 263.21 Definitions. (a) Examination of sample, frozen state. (1) Color refers to reasonably uni- form color characteristic of the species used. Deviations from normal color in- clude noticeable yellowing and/or rust- ing of the fish surface. (2) Dehydration refers to loss of mois- ture from the fish surfaces during frozen storage. Moderate dehydration is color- masking and can easily be scraped off with a fingernail. Excessive dehydration is deep color-masking and requires a knife or other hard instrument to scrape it off. (3) Uniformity of size refers to the de- gree of conformity to the declared size. A deviation is considered to be any devia- tion from stated length, width or thick- ness, or from the average dimensions if no dimensions are stated. Only one de- viation from each dimension may be as- sessed. Two readings for length, three readings for width, and four readings for thickness will be measured. (4) Uniformity of weight refers to the degree of conformity to the weight. Only underweight deviations are assessed. (5) An acceptable edge angle is an angle formed by two adjoining surfaces whose apex is within % inch of a car- penter’s square placed along the surfaces. For each edge angle, three readings will be made and at least two readings must be acceptable for the whole edge angle to be acceptable. An acceptable corner angle is an angle formed by 3 adjoining surfaces whose apex is within % inch of the apex of a carpenter’s square placed on the edge surfaces. Unacceptable angles fail to meet these criteria. (6) Improper fill refers to surface and internal air or ice voids, ragged edges, or damage. It is measured as the number of 1-ounce units that would be adversely affected when the block is cut. For this purpose, the l-ounce unit is considered tobe 4x1x % inch. (b) Examination of the _ product, thawed state. (1) Blemishes refer to a piece of skin, scale, a blood spot, a fin, a bruise, a black belly lining, a piece of nape membrane or a harmless piece of extraneous material. One “piece of skin” consists of one piece 2 square inch in area; except that for skin patches larger than 1 square inch, an additional instance shall be assessed for each addi- tional 4% square inch in area. “Blood spot” is one of such size and degree as to be considered objectionable. A “piece of black belly lining” is any piece longer than ¥% inch. “Fin” is one fin or one identifiable part of afin. A piece of nape membrane consists of one piece 14 square inch in area or larger. “Scales” are ag- gregates of one or more scales of such degree as to be considered objectionable. Skin is not to be considered a blemish means heating the product in one of two ways, as follows: (i) Cut three or more portions about 4 by 3 by % inches from a frozen block. Wrap them individually or in a single layer in aluminum foil. Place the pack- age portions on a wire rack suspended over boiling water in a covered container. Steam the packaged portions until the product is thoroughly heated, or (ii) Cut and package the portions as previously described. Place the pack- aged portions on a flat cookie sheet or shallow flat-bottom pan of sufficient size so that the packages can be evenly spread on the sheet or pan. Place the pan and frozen contents in a properly ventilated oven heated to 400° F. and re- move when the product is thoroughly heated. (2) Texture refers to the condition of the cooked fish flesh. The texture should be firm, slightly resilient, but not tough or rubbery; and should be moist, but not mushy. Deductions for texture will follow the deductions assessed in table 1. (3) Flavor and odor is evaluated or- ganoleptically as described in § 263.11(b). (d) General definitions. (1) “De- monstrably acceptable” shall mean that the product has been produced com- mercially and met customer acceptance. (2) “Adversely affected” shall mean that the unit cut would deviate more than 15 percent plus or minus from 1 ounce. (3) “Small” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that is noticeable, but is not seriously objectionable. (4) “Large” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that is not only noticeable, but is seriously objectionable. (5) “Minor” (measured quantity or area) refers to a defect that affects the appearance or utility of the product or both. (6) “Major” (measured quantity or area) refers to a defect that seriously affects the appearance or utility of the product or both. § 263.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rates and grades of specific lots shall be certified on the basis of the regulations governing inspection and certification of processed fishery prod- ucts, processed products thereof, and cer- tain other processed food products. 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 WHALING REGULATIONS AMENDED: The regulations of the International Whal- ing Commission as amended October 9, 1963, were published in the Federal Register, June 16, 1964, to amend and Succeed Part 351-- Whaling, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries. The revised regulations became effective on publication in the Federal Register, The only changes relating to current United States commercial whaling operations are the provisions pro- viding for certain exceptions in the minimum length of blue, sei, and fin whales which can Sa, ¥ be landed at land stations in the Northeast ‘enenice are a Bliottion rene Pacific area. FEpERAL REGISTER. Whaling Commission pursuant to Article V of the Convention without regard to the notice and public procedure require- ments of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1001). Accordingly, in fulfillment of the duty imposed upon the Secretary of the Interior by section 13 of the Whaling Convention Act of 1949, the whaling regulations published as Part 351, Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, as the same appeared in 25 F.R. 8465, September 1, 1960, are amended and republished to read as hereinafter set forth. Regulations of the Department of the Interior, implementing the Whaling Convention Act of 1949, are set forth in 50 CFR Part 230—Whaline. The new regulations as they appeared in the Federal Register, June 16, 1964, follow: Title 50-—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter IH—International Regulatory Agencies (Fishing and Whaling) SUBCHAPTER B—INTERMATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION PART 351—WHALING Section 13 of the Whaling Convention Act of 1949 (64 Stat. 425; 16 U.S.C. 916k), the legislation implementing the Inter- national Convention for the Regulation of Whaling signed at Washington, De- cember 2, 1946, by the United States of America and certain other Governments, provides that regulations of the Inter- national Whaling Commission shall be submitted for publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER by the Secretary of the Interior. Regulations of the Commission are de- fined to mean the whaling regulations in the schedule annexed to and consti- tuting a part of the Convention in their original form or as modified, revised, or amended by the Commission. The pro- visions of the whaling regulations, as originally embodied in the schedule annexed to the Convention, have been amended several times by the Inter- national Whaling Commission, the last amendments having been brought into effect on October 9, 1963. The pro- visions of these regulations are appli- cable to nationals and whaling. enter- prises of the United States. The only change relating to current United States commercial whaling operations is that found in § 351.9 (a) and (b), providing for certain exceptions in the minimum length of blue, sei, and fin whales which can be landed at land stations in the Northeast Pacific area. These changes allow the taking of blue whales not less than 65 feet, sei whales not less than 35 feet, and fin whales not less than 50 feet for delivery to land stations in the North- east Pacific area without regard to their use as human or animal food for local consumption for a period of three years Starting April 1, 1962. Amendments to the whaling regula- tions are adopted by the International Sec. 351.1 Inspection. $51.2 Killing of gray or right whales pro- hibited. $51.3 Killing of calves or suckling whales prohibited. $51.4 Operation of factory ships limited. 351.5 Closed area for factory shipg in Antarctic. $51.6 Limitations on the taking of hump- back whales. 351.7 Closed seasons for pelagic whaling for baleen and sperm whales. 351.8 Catch quota for baleen whales. 351.9 Minimum size limits. 351.10 Closed seasons for land stations. 851.11 Use of factory ships in waters other than south of 40° South Latitude. 351.12 Limitations on processing of whales, 351.13 Prompt processing required. $51.14 Remuneration of employees. 361.15 Submission of laws and regulations, 851.16 Submission of statistical data. 351.17 Factory ship operations within terri- torial waters. $51.18 Definitions. AuTHorRITy: The provisions of this Part 351 issued under Article V, 62 Stat. 1718. Interpret or apply secs. 2-14, 64 Stat. 421-425; 16 U.S.C., 916 et seq. § 351.1 Inspection. (a) There shall be maintained on each factory ship at least two inspectors of whaling for the purpose of maintaining twenty-four hour inspection and also such observers as the member countries engaged in the Antarctic pelagic whaling may arrange to place on each other’s factory ships. These inspectors shall be appointed and paid by the Government having jurisdiction over the factory ship: Provided, That inspectors need not be appointed to ships which, apart from the storage. of products, are used during the season solely for freezing or salting the meat and. entrails of whales intended for human food or for the feeding of animals. (b) Adequate inspection shall be maintained at each land station. The inspectors serving at each land station shall be appointed and paid by the Goy- ernment having jurisdiction over the land station. § 351.2 Killing of gray or right whales prohibited. It is forbidden to take or kill gray whales or right whales, except when the meat and products of such whales are to be used exclusively for local consump- tion by the aborigines. August 1964 § 351.3. Killing of calves or suckling whales prohibited. It is forbidden to take or kill calves or suckling whales or female whales which are accompanied by calves or suckling whales. § 351.4 Operation of factory ships lim- ited. (a) It is forbidden to kill blue whales in the North Atlantic Ocean for five years ending on February 24, 1965. (b) It is forbidden to use a whale catcher attached to a factory ship for the purpose of killing or attempting to kill baleen whales in any of the following areas: (1) In the waters north of 66° North Latitude except that from 150° East Longitude eastwards as far as 140° West Longitude the taking or killing of baleen whales by a factory ship or whale catcher shall be permitted between 66° North Latitude and 72° North Latitude; (2) In the Atlantic Ocean and its dependent waters north of 40° South Latitude; (3) In the Pacific Ocean and its de- pendent waters east of 150° West Longi- tude between 40° South Latitude and 35° North Latitude; (4) In the Pacific Ocean and its de- pendent waters west of 150° West Longi- tude between 40° South Latitude and 20° North Latitude; (5) In the Indian Ocean and its de- pendent waters north of 40° South Latitude. § 351.5 Closed area for factory ships in Antarctic. It is forbidden to use a whale catcher attached to a factory ship for the pur- pose of killing or attempting to kill baleen whales in the waters south of 40° South Latitude from 70° West Longitude west- ward as far as 160° West Longitude. (This paragraph as a result of a decision of the fourteenth meeting was rendered inoperative until the Commission other- wise decides.) § 351.6 Limitations on the taking of humpback whales. (a) It is forbidden to kill or attempt to kill humpback whales in the North Atlantic Ocean for a period ending on November 8, 1964. Notwithstanding this closed season, the taking of 10 humpback whales per year is permitted in Green- land waters provided that whale catchers of less than 50 gross register tonnage are used for this purpose. (b) It is forbidden to kill or attempt to kill humpback whales in the waters south of the equator. (c) It is forbidden to kill or attempt to kill blue whales in the waters south of 40° South Latitude, except in the waters north of 55° South Latitude from 0° eastwards to 80° East Longitude. § 351.7 Closed seasons for pelagic whal- ing for baleen and sperm whales. (a) It is forbidden to use a whale catcher attached to a factory ship for the purpose of killing or attempting to kill baleen whales (excluding minke whales) in any waters south of 40° South Latitude, except during the period from December 12 to April 7, following, both days inclusive; and no such whale catcher shall be used for the purpose of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW killing or attempting to kill blue whales before February 14 in any year.* (b) It is forbidden to use -a whale catcher attached to a factory ship for the purpose of killing or attempting to kill sperm or minke whales, except as per- mitted by the Contracting Governments in accordance with paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section. (c) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all factory ships and whale catchers attached thereto under its jurisdiction, one continuous open season not to exceed eight months out of any period of twelve months during which the taking or killing of sperm whales by whale catchers may be per- mitted: Provided, That a separate open season may be declared for each factory ship and the whale catchers attached thereto. (d) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all factory ships and whale catchers attached thereto under its jurisdiction one continuous open season not to exceed six months out of any pe- riod of twelve months during which the taking or killing of minke whales by the whale catchers may be permitted: Pro- vided, That: (1) A separate open season may be declared for each factory ship and the whale catchers attached thereto; (2) The open season need not neces- sarily include the whole or any part of the period declared for other baleen whales pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section. (e) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all whale catchers under its jurisdiction not operating in conjunc- tion with a factory ship or land station one continuous open season not to exceed six months out of any period of twelve months during which the taking or kill- ing of minke whales by such whale catch- ers may be permitted. Notwithstanding this paragraph, one continuous open season not to exceed eight months may be implemented so far as Greenland is concerned. § 351.8 Catch quota for baleen whales. (a) The number of baleen whales taken during the open season caught in waters south of 40° South Latitude by whale catchers attached to factory ships under the jurisdiction of the Contracting Governments shall not exceed ten thou- sand blue whale units in 1963/64. (b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, blue whale units shall be calculated on the basis that one blue whale equals: (1) Two fin whales or (2) Two and a half humpback whales or (3) Six sei whales. (c) Notification shall be given in ac- cordance with the provisions of Article VII of the Convention, within two days after the end of each calendar week, of data on the number of blue whale units 1 The amendment of § 351.7(a) of the start- ing date of the blue whale season from Feb- ruary 1 to February 14 was objected to within the prescribed period by the Governments of Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The objections were not with- drawn and the amendment came into force on January 26, 1961 but is not binding upon Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 93 taken in any waters south of 40° South Latitude by all whale ‘catchers attached to factory ships under the jurisdiction of each Contracting Government: Provided, That when the number of blue whale units is deemed by the Bureau of Inter- national Whaling Statistics to have reached 9,000, notification shall be given as aforesaid at the end of each day of data on the number of blue whale units taken. (d) If it appears that the maximum catch of whales permitted by paragraph (a) of this section may be reached be- fore April 7 of any year, the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics shall determine, on the basis of the data pro- vided, the date on which the maximum catch of whales shall be deemed to have been reached and shall notify the master of each factory ship and each Contract- ing Government of that date not less than four days in advance thereof. The killing or attempting to kill baleen whales by whale catchers attached to factory ships shall be illegal in any waters south of 40° South Latitude after midnight of the date so determined. (e) Notification shall be given in ac- cordance with the provisions of Article VII of the Convention of each factory ship intending to engage in whaling operations in any waters south of 40° South Latitude. § 351.9 Minimum size limits. (a) It is forbidden to take or kill any blue, sei or humpback whales below the following lengths: Blue whales 70 feet (21.3 metres), Sei whales 40 feet (12.2 metres), Humpback whales 35 feet (10.7 metres), except that blue whales of not less than 65 feet (19.8 metres) and sei whales of not less than 35 feet (10.7 metres) in length may be taken for delivery to land stations, provided that, except in the Northeast Pacific area for a period of three years starting 1 April 1962, the meat of such whales is to be used for seca consumption as human or animal (b) It is forbidden to take or kill any fin whales below 57 feet (17.4 metres) in length for delivery to factory ships or land stations in the Southern Hemi- sphere, and it is forbidden to take or kill fin whales below 55 feet (16.8 metres) for delivery to factory ships or land stations in the Northern Hemisphere; except that fin whales of not less than 55 feet (16.8 metres) may be taken for delivery to land stations in the Southern Hemi- sphere and fin whales of not less than 50 feet (15:2 metres) may be taken for de- livery to land stations in the Northern Hemisphere provided that, except in the Northegst Pacific area for a period of three years starting 1 April 1962, in each case, the meat of such whales is to be used for local consumption as human or animal food. (c) It is forbidden to take or kill any sperm whales below 38 feet (11.6 metres) in length, except that sperm whales of not less than 35 feet (10.7 metres) in length may be taken for delivery to land stations. 2Section 357.8(e) in earlier copies was de- leted by the Commission at its fourth meet- ing in 1952 and the deletion became effective on September 12, 1952. Original paragraph (f) consequently becomes paragraph (e). 94 (d) Whales must be measured when at rest on deck or platform, as accurately as possible by means of a steel tape meas- ure fitted at the zero end with a spiked handle which can be stuck into the deck planking abreast of one end of the whale. The tape measure shall be stretched in a straight line parallel with the whale’s body and read abreast the other end of the whale. The ends of the whale, for measurement purposes, shall be the point of the upper jaw and the notch between the tail flukes. Measurements, after being accurately read on the tape measure, shall be logged to the nearest foot, that is to say, any whale between 75 feet 6 inches and 76 feet 6 inches shall be logged as 76 feet, and any whale be- tween 76 feet 6 inches and 77 feet 6 inches shall be logged as 77 feet. ‘The measure- ment of any whale which falls on an exact half foot shall be logged at the next half foot, e.g., 76 feet 6 inches pre- cisely shall be logged as 77 feet. § 351.10 Closed seasons for land sta- tions. (a) It is forbidden to use a whale catcher attached to a land station for the purpose of killing or attempting to kill baleen and sperm whales except as per- mitted by the Contracting Government in accordance with paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. (b) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all land stations under its jurisdiction, and whale catchers at- tached to such land stations, one open season during which the taking or killing of baleen (excluding minke) whales by the whale catchers shall be permitted. Such open season shall be for a period of not more than six consecutive months in any period of twelve months and shall apply to all land stations under the juris- diction of the Contracting Government: Provided, That a separate open season may be declared for any land station used for the taking or treating of baleen (ex- cluding minke) whales which is more than 1,000 miles from the nearest land station used for the taking or treating of baleen (excluding minke) whales under the jurisdiction of the same Contracting Government. (c) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all land stations under its jurisdiction and for whale catchers attached to such land stations, one open season not to exceed eight continuous months in any one period of twelve months, during which the taking or killing of sperm whales by the whale catchers shall be permitted, such period of eight months to include the whole of the period of six months declared for baleen whales (excluding minke whales) as provided for in paragraph (b) of this section: Provided, That a separate open season may be declared for any land sta- tion used for the taking or treating of sperm whales which is more than 1,000 miles from the nearest land station used for the taking or treating of sperm whales under the jurisdiction of the same Con- tracting Government.* 8 Section 351.10(c) came into force as from February 21, 1952, in respect to all Contract- ing Governments, except the Commonwealth of Australia, which lodged an objection to it within the prescribed period, and this objec- tion was not withdrawn. The provisions of this paragraph are not, therefore, binding on the Commonwealth of Australia. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (d) (1) Each Contracting Government shall declare for all land stations under its jurisdiction and for whale catchers attached to such land stations one open season not to exceed six continuous months in any period of twelve months during which the taking or killing of minke whales by the whale catchers shall be permitted (such period not being nec- essarily concurrent with the period de- clared for other baleen whales, as pro- vided for in paragraph (b) of this section) : Provided, That a separate open season may be declared for any land sta- tion used for the taking or treating of minke whales which is more than 1,000 miles from the nearest land station used for the taking or treating of minke whales under the jurisdiction of the same Con- tracting Government. (2) Except that a separate open season may be declared for any land station used for the taking or treating of minke whales which is located in an area hav- ing oceanographic conditions clearly dis- tinguishable from those of the area in which are located the other land stations used for the taking or treating of minke whales under the jurisdiction of the same Contracting Government; but the decla- ration of a separate open season by virtue of the provisions of this paragraph shall not cause thereby the period of time cov- ering the open seasons declared by the same Contracting Government to exceed nine continuous months of any twelve months. (e) The prohibitions contained in this section shall apply to all land stations as defined in Article II of the Whaling Con- vention of 1946 and to all factory ships which are subject to the regulations gov- erning the operatiori of land stations under the provisions of § 351.17. § 351.11 Use of factory ships in waters other than south of 40° South Lati- tude. It is forbidden to use a factory ship which has been used during a season in any waters south of 40° South Latitude for the purpose of treating baleen whales, in any other area for the same purpose within a period of one year from the termination of that season: Pro- vided, That this paragraph shall not ap- ply to a ship which has been used during the season solely for freezing or salting the meat and entrails of whales intended for human food or feeding animals. § 351.12 Limitations on processing of whales. (a) It is forbidden to use a factory ship or a land station for the purpose of treating any whales (whether or not killed by whale catchers under the juris- diction of a Contracting Government) the killing of which by whale catchers under the jurisdiction of a Contracting Government is prohibited by the provi- sions of §§ 351.2, 351.4, 351.5, 351.6, 351.7, 351.8, or § 351.10. (b) All other whales (except minke whales) taken shall be delivered to the factory ship or land station and all parts of such whales shall be processed by boiling or otherwise, except the internal organs, whale bone and flippers of all whales, the meat of sperm whales and of parts of whales intended for human food or feeding animals. A Contracting Gov- ernment may in less developed regions exceptionally permit treating of whales Vol. 26, No. 8 without use of land stations provided that such whales are fully utilized in accordance with this paragraph. (c) Complete treatment of the car- casses of “Dauhval” and of whales used as fenders will not be required in cases where the meat or bone of such whales is in bad condition. § 351.13 Prompt processing required. (a) The taking of whales for delivery to a factory ship shall be so regulated or restricted by the master or person in charge of the factory ship that no whale carcass (except of a whale used as a fender, which shall be processed as soon as is reasonably practicable) shall remain in the sea for a longer period than thirty- three hours from the time of killing to the time when it is hauled up for treat- ment. (b) Whales taken by all whale catch- ers, whether for factory ships or land stations, shall be clearly marked so as to identify the catcher and to indicate the order of catching. (ec) All whale catchers operating in conjunction with a factory ship shall re- port by radio to the factory ship: (1) The time when each whale is taken, (2) Its species, and (3) Its marking effected pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section. (d) The information reported by radio pursuant to paragraph (c) of this sec- tion shall be entered immediately in a permanent record which shall be avail- able at all times for examination by the whaling inspectors; and in addition there shall be entered such permanent record the following information as soon as it becomes available: (1) Time of hauling up for treatment, (2) Length, measured pursuant to paragraph (d) of § 351.9, (3) Sex, (4) If female, whether milk-filled or lactating, (5) Length and sex of foetus, if pres- ent, and (6) A full explantion of each infrac- tion. (e) A record similar to that described in paragraph (d) of this section shall be maintained by land stations, and all of the information mentioned in the said paragraph shall be entered therein as soon as available. § 351.14 Remuneration of employees. Gunners and crews of factory ships, land stations, and whale catchers shall be engaged on such terms that their remuneration shall depend to a consid- erable extent upon such factors as the species, size and yield of whales taken and not merely upon the number of the whales taken. No bonus or other re- muneration shall be paid to the gunners or crews of whale catchers in respect ta the taking of milk-filled or lactating whales. § 351.15 Submission of laws and regu- lations. Copies of all official laws and regula- tions relating to whales and whaling and changes in such laws and regulations shall be transmitted to the Commission. § 351.16 Submission of statistical data. Notification shall be given in accord- ance with the provisions of Article VIL August 1964 of the Convention with regard to all fac- tory ships and land stations of statistical information (a) concerning the number of whales of each species taken, the num- ber thereof lost, and the number treated at each factory ship or land station, and (b) as to the aggregate amounts of oil of each grade and quantities of meal, fertilizer (guano), and other products derived from them, together with (c) particulars with respect to each whale treated in the factory ship or land sta- tion as to the date and approximate lati- tude and longitude of taking, the species and sex of the whale, its length and, if it contains a foetus, the length and Sex, if ascertainable, of the foetus. The data referred to in paragr@phs (a) and (c) of this section shall be verified at the time of the tally and there shall also be noti- fication to the Commission of any infor- mation which may be collected or ob- tained concerning the calving grounds and migration routes of whales. In com- municating this information, there shall be specified: (1) The name and gross tonnage of each factory ship; (2) The number of whale catchers, including separate totals for surface ves- sels and aircraft and specifying, in the case of surface vessels, the average length and horsepower of whale catchers; (3) A list of the land stations which were in operation during the period concerned. § 351.17 Factory-ship operations within territorial waters.‘ (a) A factory ship which operates solely within territorial waters in one of the areas specified in paragraph (c) of this section, by permission of the Government having jurisdiction over those waters, and which flies the flag of that Government shall, while so operat- ing, be subject to the regulations govern- ing the operation of land stations and not to the regulations governin, the op- eration of factory ships. (b) Such factory ship shall not, within a period of one year from the termination 4Section 351.17 (a), (b), and (c)(1) to (8), was inserted by the Commission at its first meeting in 1949, and came into force on January 11, 1950, as regards all Con- tracting Governments except France, which BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of the season in which she so operated, be used for the purpose of treating baleen whales in any of the other areas specified in paragraph (c) of this section or south of 40° South Latitude. (c) The areas referred to in para- graphs (a) and (b) of this section are: (1) On the coast of Madagascar and its dependencies; (2) On the west coasts of French Africa; : (3) On the coasts of Australia, namely on the whole east coast and on the west coast in the area known as Shark Bay and northward to Northwest Cape and including Exmouth Gulf and King George’s Sound, including the port of Albany; (4) On the Pacific coast of the United States of America between 35° North Latitude and 49° North Latitude. § 351.18 Definitions. (a) The following expressions have the meanings respectively assigned to them, that is to say: “Baleen whale” means any whale which has baleen or whale bone in the mouth, ie., any whale other than a toothed whale. “Blue whale” (Balaenoptera or Sib- baldus musculus) means any whale known by the name of blue whale, Sib- bald’s rorqual, or sulphur bottom. “Dauhval” means any unclaimed dead whale found floating. “Fin whale” (Balaenoptera physalus) means any whale known by the name of common finback, common rorqual, fin- back, finner, fin whale, herring whale, razorback, or true fin whale. “Gray whale” (Rhachianectes glaucus) means any whale known by the name of gray whale, California gray, devil fish, hard head, mussel digger, gray back or rip sack. therefore remain bound by the provisions of the original § 351.17, which reads as follows: “§ 351.17 Notwithstanding the definition of land station contained in Article IT of the Convention, a factory ship operating under the jurisdiction of a Contracting Govern- ment, and the movements of which are con- fined solely to the territorial waters of that Government, shall be subject to the regula- tions governing the operation of land sta- “Humpback whale” (Megaptera no- dosa or novaeangliae) means any whale known by the name of bunch, humpback, humpback whale, humpbacked whale,’ hump whale or hunchbacked whale. “Minke whale” (Balaenoptera acuto- rostrata, B. Davidsoni, B. huttoni) means any whale known by the name of lesser rorqual, little piked whale, minke whale, pike-headed whale or sharp-headed finner. “Right whale” (Balaena mysticetus; Eubalaena glacialis, E. australis, etc.; Neobalaena marginata) means any whale known by the name of Atlantic right whale, Arctic right whale, Bis- cayan right whale, bowhead, great polar whale, Greenland right whale, Green- land whale, Nordkaper, North Atlantic right whale, North Cape whale, Pacific right whale, pigmy right whale, South- ern pigmy right whale, or Southern right whale. “Sei whale” (Balaenoptera borealis) Means any whale known by the name of sei whale, Rudolphi’s rorqual, pollack whale, or coalfish whale and shall be taken to include Bryde’s whale (B. brydei). “Sperm whale” (Physeter catodon) means any whale known by the name of sperm whale, spermacet whale, cacha- lot or pot whale. “Toothed whale” means any whale which has teeth in the jaws. (b) “Whales taken” means whales that that have been killed and either flagged or made fast to catchers. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. JUNE 9, 1964. tions within the following areas: (a) On the coast of Madagascar and its dependen- cies, and on the west coasts of French Africa; (b) on the west coast of Australia in the area known as Shark Bay and north- ward to Northwest Cape and including Ex- mouth Gulf and King George’s Sound, in- cluding the Port of Albany; and on the east coast of Australia, in Twofold Bay and Jervis Bay.” Section 351.17 (c)(4) was inserted by the Commission at its eleventh meeting in 1959 and came into force on October 5, 1959 as regards all Contracting Governments. published in the Federal Register, May 23, 1964, as follows: ALASKA DISASTER RELIEF--CHARTER VESSEL LOAN REGULATIONS: Loans to commercial fishermen for the purpose of chartering fishing vessels pending the construction or repair of vessels lost, destroyed, or damaged by the Alaska earth- quake of March 27, 1964, andsubsequent tidal waves related thereto are authorized to be made by the Secretary of the Interior by Sec- tion 9 of the Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act of 1964 (Public Law 88- 309), approved May 20, 1964. New regulations (became effective on pub- lication) implementing such authorization were Title 50-—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter Il—Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER F—AID TO FISHERIES PART 251—CHARTER LOAN PROCEDURES Section 9 of the Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-309), approved on May 20, 1964, authorized the Secretary of the Interior, under such terms and con- ditioris and pursuant to regulations pre- 96 scribed by him, to make loans to com- mercial fishermen for the purpose of chartering fishing vessels pending the construction or repair of vessels lost, destroyed or damaged by the earthquake of March 27, 1964, and subsequent tidal waves related thereto. These loans must be made promptly if they are to be of use during the coming fishing season. As these regulations do not provide Penalties to the general public and will assist persons qualifying to obtain fi- nancial assistance, they will be adopted without the customary notice of pro- posed rule making. To implement the authorization granted in section 9 of the above-mentioned Act, the following regulations, constituting a new Part un- der Subchapter F, are adopted and be- come effective at the beginning of the calendar day on which they are pub- lished in the FepErat REGISTER. Sec. 251.1 Definition of terms. 251.2 Purpose. 251.3 Interpretation of loan authorization. 251.4 Qualified loan applicants. 251.56 Basic limitations. 251.6 Use of loan funds. 251.7 Repayment. 251.8 Applications. 251.9 Processing of applications, 251.10 Approval of loans: 251.11 Interest. 251.12 Maturity. 251.18 Security. 261.14 Books, records and reports. 251.15 Insurance required. 261.16 Disclaimer. 251.17 Penalties on default. AuTHoriry: The provisions of this Part 251 issued under sec. 4, 70 Stat. 1121; 16 U.8.C. 742c and Public Law 88-309. § 251.1 Definition of terms. For the purposes of this part, the fol- lowing terms shall be construed, respec- tively, to mean and to include: Y (a) Secretary. The Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representative. (b) Commercial fisherman: An indi- vidual, partnership or corporation that owned and operated a vessel engaged in catching fish or shellfish during 1963, which vessel was lost, destroyed or dam- aged in the earthquake of March 27, 1964, and subsequent tidal waves related thereto. (c) Charter. Charter means a bare- boat or demise charter, the terms and provisions of which shall be satisfactory to the Secretary. § 251.2 Purpose. The purpose of section 9 of the Com- mercial Fisheries Research and Develop- ment Act of 1964 (the Act) is to offer immediate assistance in the restoration of the fishing fleet which was severely damaged by the earthquake of March 27, 1964, and subsequent tidal waves re- lated thereto. This assistance will con- sist of short-term loans to enable fisher- men, pending the construction or repair of fishing vessels lost, destroyed or dam- aged as a result of such catastrophe, to bareboat charter vessels for fishing. § 251.3 Interpretation of loan authori- zation. The terms used in the Act to describe the purposes for which loans may be granted are construed to be limited to the meanings ascribed in this section. (a) Chartering fishing vessels: The words “‘chartering fishing vessels” mean the making of bareboat charters for such COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW time as may be required, for operations in the fishery in which the applicant was engaged during 1963, until the damaged vessel can be repaired or the lost or de- stroyed vessel replaced. (b) Net profits of the operations of such chartered vessels: The words “net profits of the operations of such char- tered vessels” mean the net profits com- puted in accordance with generally ac- cepted accounting practices with due regard to the customs and usage in the locality in which the fishing operation is conducted. (c) Such reasonable amount as deter- mined by the Secretary for the salary of the fishermen chartering such vessels. The words “such reasonable amount as determined by the Secretary for the salary of the fishermen chartering such vessels” mean the average income of the borrower from operations of the dam- aged, destroyed or lost vessel during the calendar years 1961, 1962, and 1963, with @ maximum of $4,000 per annum, com- puted from borrower’s income tax re- turns for said years. (d) All terms used in Section 4 of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, as amended, epplicable hereto shall be as defined in Part 250 of this subchapter. In the event of an inconsistency between the provisions of Part 250 of this sub- chapter and this Part 251, the latter shall control. § 251.4 Qualified loan applicants. Any citizen of the United States meet- ing the criteria of this section may be considered a qualified loan applicant. (a) Any commercial fisherman hav- ing a vessel, damaged during the afore- mentioned earthquake and the subse- quent tidal waves related thereto, repaired and such repairs cannot be completed in time to commence fishing operations. (b) Any commercial fisherman having @ vessel, lost or destroyed, whether actu- ally or constructively, during the afore- said earthquake and tidal waves, replaced and such replacement cannot be obtained in time to commence fishing operations. (c) Proof of loss, destruction or dam- age to the vessel and evidence of pend- ing replacement or repair thereof must be furnished to the Secretary at the time the application for the loan is filed. § 251.5 Basic limitations. The basic limitations shall be the same as in § 250.5 of this subchapter. § 251.6 Use of loan funds. The use of the loan funds are restricted to the payment of charter hire when due, until which time the Secretary will hold any balance of funds in escrow. Charter hire is construed to include delivery and redelivery of the vessel. § 251.7 Repayment. Repayment shall be made on or before the maturity date of the note, executed in connection with the loan and, subject to the proviso set forth herein, be re- quired only from the net profits of the operations of the chartered vessel re- duced by and in the manner set forth in §251.3(c). If the aforesaid net profit as so reduced is not equal to the amount of loan repayment due, the amount of such net profit shall be applied in full satisfaction of the note; provided, how- ever, that if the borrower fails to replace Giana Peelers Vol. 26, No. 8 or repair, as the case may be, the lost, destroyed or damaged vessel, to the sat- isfaction of the Secretary, then the in- terest rate on the loan shall be 5 per- cent, computed from the date of the execution of the note, and the entire amount of the note shall be due and pay- able at maturity without respect to net profit. § 251.8 Application. Any citizen desiring a loan under this part shall make application to the Bu- real of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the In- terior, Washington, D.C., 20240, on a loan application form furnished by the Bu- reau, except that in the discretion of the Secretary, an application made on other than the prescribed form may be consid- ered if the application contains informa- tion deemed to be sufficient. § 251.9 Processing of applications. Applications shall be processed as in § 250.7 of this subchapter. § 251.10 Approval of loans. The approval of loans shall be in the Same manner as is set forth in § 250.8 of this subchapter. § 251.11 Interest. The rate of interest on all loans which may be charged under the Act (subsec- tion 4(e) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, as amended (16 U.S.C. 742c)) is fixed at three percent (3%) per annum, except as otherwise provided in § 251.7. § 251.12 Maturity. The period of maturity of any loan which may be granted shall not be longer than 30 days after the termina- tion date of the charter. § 251.13 Security. The loans shall be approved only upon the furnishing of evidence that the past earnings record of the applicant pro- vides reasonable assurance of repayment and the furnishing of any other security required by the Secretary. § 251.14 Books, records and reports. The right of the Secretary to inspect books, records and reports shall be the same as is set forth in § 250.12 of this subchapter, § 251.15 Insurance required. The owner will carry such insurance as May reasonably be necessary to pro- tect the owner and charterer. Premium charges will be included in the charter hire. § 251.16 Disclaimer. No acts performed by the Secretary in the investigation of the loan application or otherwise shall constitute the Secre- tary as an agent for an owner or char- terer and the Secretary does not warrant or represent to any owner or charterer the performance or observance of any obligations of a charterer or owner under any charter or otherwise. § 251.17 Penalties on default. The penalties on default shall be as set forth in § 250.14 of this subchapter. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. May 21, 1964. August 1964 Department of Labor NEW REGULATIONS PROHIBIT WAGE DISCRIMINATION ON ACCOUNT OF SEX: Regulations contained in Part 800--Equal Pay for Equal Work Under the Fair Standards Act, Title 29--Labor, Code of Federal Reg- ulations were published in the Federal Reg- ister, April 25, 1964. The purpose of the new regulations is to make available official in- terpretations of the Department of Labor with respect to the meaning and application of the equal pay provisions added to the Fair Labor Standards Act by the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (Pu- blic Law 88-38). The Equal Pay Act was enact- ed on June 10, 1963, for the purpose of correct- ing "the existence in industries engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce of wage differentials based onsex. The law amends the Fair Labor Standards Act by adding a new section 6 (d) to its mini- mum wage provisions. " The new regulations published in the Fed- eral — as 29 CFR Part 800 include Subpart A--General, and Subpart B--Require- ments of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Subpart B outlines scope and application in general, the equal pay for equal work standard, ex- ceptions to equal pay standard, enforcement, and effective date. The effective date of the new provisions is described in the regulations as follows: "Sec. 800.123 General effective data. The equal pay provisions are effect- ive on June 11, 1964. Full compli- ance is required on that date except in the case of certain employees covered by collective bargaining a- greements for whom the statute fur- ther defers the time of its applica- tion. "Sec. 800.124 Effective date for em- ployees covered by collective bar- gaining agreements. The applica- tion of the equal pay provisions is deferred as to employees covered by bona fide collective bargaining a- greements, which were in effect on May 11, 1963, and which do not ter- minate until some date after June 11, 1964. As to employees covered by such agreements the provisions will become effective on the termination date of the agreement or on June 11, 1965, whichever occurs first. ES> pp. 42-47, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato- Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "The influence of dietary fatty acids and environmental temperature on the fatty acid composition of Teleost fish,'' by Raymond Reiser and others, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 40, Octo- ber 1963, pp. 507, 513, printe printed! warner ied Oil Chem- ists' Society, 35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Ill. FISH BEHAVIOR: Fish Migration, by David Gunston, Wildlife Bulletin No. 33, 3 pp., illus., printed, 1962. (Reprinted from Lou- isiana Conservationist, February 1959.) Louisiana Wildlife Life and Fisheries Commission, Wildlife and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. FISH COOKERY: Louisiana Cook-Out, by Percy Viosca, Jr., Wildlife Education Bulletin No. 31, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1962. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. "Why go to Gloucester to enjoy a clambake at the beach? New England has no monopoly on that delightful form of recreation," states the author. This booklet describes the many types of shellfish and fish in Louisiana which are suitable for outdoor cooking. There are oysters, shrimp, river catfish, spoonbill sturgeon, carp, and crabs. Included are recipes for crab-meat stuffed peppers, smoked fish, and a spicy seafood sauce. FISH CULTURE: "Sea fish breeding," article, Current Affairs Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, no. 37, August 1963, pp. 25-26, printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand. FISHERY POLICIES: Fishery Policies in the United Kingdom, The Federal Republic of Germany and Norway, by A. Arimatsu and B. Ikejiri, Overseas Fisheries Series No. 3, 42 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Japan Fisheries Re- sources Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. FISH MUSCLE: "Chemical change in fish muscle during storage,'' by N.R. Jones, article, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 22, no. 2, 1963, pp. 172-176, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., Lon- don NW1, England. "Extractives of fish muscle. 3--Amounts, sectional distribution, and variations of fat, water-solubles, protein and moisture in cod (Gadus morhua L.) fillets, " by N. Dambergs, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, July 1963, pp. 909-918, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Studies on muscle of aquatic animals. XXXIII--Sea- sonal variation of nitrogenous extractives in squid muscle," by Kinji Endo and others, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 28, November 1962, pp. 1099-1103, printed. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigan- dori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH OILS: frontier for food;"' "Solution for malnourished mil- lions ? ;" and "Thriving farms on the bottom of the sea. FREEZE-DRYING: "Freeze-drying: with or without vacuum," by John P. O'Meara, article, Food Engineering, vol. 35, Septem- ber 1963, pp. 55-56, SSeS Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. "Autoxidation of fish oils. Il--Changes in the car- bonyl distribution of autoxidizing salmon oils," by C. Jane Wyatt and E. A. Day, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 28, May-June 1963, pp. 305-312, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, IL. "The truth about freeze drying," by Sam Martin, ar- ticle, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 26, no. 10, May 1964, pp. 29-32, illustrated, printed. E.W. Williams Pub- lications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York 19, N. Y. Discusses the practicality of freeze-dried foods. This process offers limited competition to conven- tional freezing processes. Its best uses will be for instant coffee, ingredients for some dry mixes, and military foods. The author believes it will supply frozen food packers with additional markets and broaden the use of freezing equipment. "The effect of some marine oils and squalene on the plasma cholesterol in chicks," by Olaf R. Braekkan, Leif Rein Njaa, and Finn Utne, article, Fiskeridi- rektoratets Skrifter, Serie Teknologiske Under- sSokelser, vol. 4, no. 4, 1962, pp. I-12, printed. Fis- Keridirektoratet, Bergen, Norway. "Identification of the major polyunsaturated C,gacids of marine oils by GLC separation factors on normal and organosilicone polyesters," by R.G. Ackman and P, M. Jangaard, article, Journal of the Ameri- can Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 40, December 1963, pp. 744-745, printed. American Oil Chemists! So- ciety, 35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Ill. FREEZING: "Freezing of crabmeat," by S. V. Gangal and N.G. Magar, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, December 1963, pp. 101-106, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, II. FISH SAUSAGE: "Change of the vitamin A concentration in enriched fish sausage during storage in summer," by Akit- sugu Kenmoku and Hiroyuki Iwao, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, July 22, 1963, 2104d, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. FRESH FISH: "Factors influencing the effectiveness of fresh fish washing operations,’ by W. A. MacCallum, M. W. Mullan, and Isabel N. Plaunt, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, Sep- tember 1963, pp. 1231-1244, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Diffusion of oxygen in packed sausage," by Akira Kishimoto, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, August 1963, pp. 781-784, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FROZEN FISH: "Effect of processing on public health bacteria in fro- zen seafoods," by H. Raj and J. Liston, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, October 1963, pp. 83-89, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. "Fish sausages," by Michael Lorant, article, Food "Plectronic defrosting of meat and fish at 35 and 2,450 Manufacture, vol. 38, August 1963, pp. 413-414, printed. Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden St., LondonNW1, Engjand. Mcs. A laboratory comparison," by N. Bengtsson, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, October 1963, pp. 97-100, printed. The rand Press, 510 N. Hickory, St., Champaign, Il. FISHWAYS: Evaluation of the Fish Passage Facilities at the Pel- | HERRING: "Volatile acids in fish as an index of suitability for ton Project on the Deschutes River in Oregon, by Robert T. Gunsolus and George J. Eicher, 133 pp., illus., printed, 1962. Fish Commission of Oregon, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW. 5th Ave., Portland, Oreg. 97201. FREEDOM FROM HUNGER: Freedom from Hunger Campaign News, vol. 5, no. 31, May-June 1964, 33 pp., illus., printed. Co-Or- dinator's Office, Freedom from Hunger Campaign, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. This issue is dedicated to ''the men who har- vest the sea.'' Contains, among others, articles on: "The warning of the blue whale," by Donovan B. Finn; "Detectives of the deep," by Peyton Johnson; "Have whalers become too efficient?" by Mack Laing; "Outboard motors power a 'revolution! in fishing;"' ''From dugout to factoryship;" ''Tuna--the question mark of the sea;"' "Inland fishing--new consumption. I--Salted herrings,'' by Jozef Wier- zchowski and Maria Severin, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 14248f, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. HORMONES: "Isolation of hormone-containing particles from the neurohypophysis of the cod (Gadus morhua), by K. Lederis, article, Biochemical Journal, vol. 84, July 1962, pp. 27P-28P, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. INDIA: "Fishing off the west coast of India,"' by Kare Larssen, article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 2, April-June 1964, pp. 128, 130-131, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 85 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet 110 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 St., London EC4, England. Discusses trawling off the west coast of India, chiefly for shrimp, initiated in 1954 by the Indo-Norwegian Project. At times there is a great abundance of sardines, mackerel, tuna, pomfret, and other fish, but these species do not turn up regularly. This article covers weather conditions, fishing seasons, problems of fish loca- tion and landing, and charting of the fishing grounds by two research vessels. INDONESIA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Indonesia, by Virginia Webbert, OBR at-30, illus., printed, April 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- 2rnment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Foreign trade controls operate mainly through a licensing system requiring the surrender of ex- change from exports and the issuance of combined import-exchange licenses for imports which enable the Government to link imports closely to exchange availabilities. Discusses trade and foreign ex- change policy; import tariff system; sales and other internal taxes; documentation and fees; and labeling, marking, and packing requirements. Also éovers special customs provisions, nontariff import trade controls, Indonesia's export controls, United States controls, and government representation between the two countries. JAPAN: "Fisheries research in Japan,'' by C.R.S. Manders, article, Nature, vol. 202, no. 4934, May 23, 1964, pp. 755-757, printed, single copy 4s. (about 56 U.S. cents). St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. Discusses the evolution of the Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, its activities, and its scientific publications. Present Status of the Fisheries Extension Service (Technological), Fisheries Administration Series No. 2, 58 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Japan Fisheries Resources Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. KOREA, REPUBLIC OF: Foreign Trade Regulations of the Republic of Korea, by Lois J. DeNauw, OBR 64-24, 8 pp., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) The government of the Republic of Korea maintains strict controls over foreign trade and ex- change transactions in order to conserve its limited foreign exchange reserves and to provide protection and encouragement to its local developing industry. This report discusses Korea's import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, labeling and marking requirements, and spe- cial customs provisions. Also covers nontariff im- port trade controls, United States foreign trade con- trols, Korea's export controls, and diplomatic rep- resentation between the two countries. LAVER: On a Method of Making More Productive Fishery of “the Lavers (PORPHYRA)--Engineering Ways sf Improvement and Construction, by Takeo Kurakake, Fisheries Agriculture Series No. 3, 54 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Japan Fisheries Resources Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. MARINE MAMMALS: "Observations of Odontocetes in central Californian waters," by Robert L. Brownell, Jr., article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 3, March 1964, pp. 60-62, 64, 66, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. Reports observations of 8 different species of odonto- cetes made during the summer of 1963. MARINE OILS: "The effects of marine animals oils and other marine products on cholesterol metabolism. A review," by Takashi Kaneda, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, April 1963, pp. 387-398, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. MOZAMBIQUE: . Basic Data on the Economy of Mozambique, by Ellen Gavrisheff, OBR 64-29, 8 pp., illus., printed, March 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) This Portuguese province has an extensive coastline and the territorial waters abound in a large variety of fish. A new large fishing company, formed in1963 with a capital of $2.8 million, expects annually to freeze some 30,000 tons of fish for export. This re- port discusses the form of government and popula- tion, structure of the economy, agriculture, livestock and forestry, and mining and industry. Also covers Mozambique's power and transportation situation, communications system, finance and foreign trade problems, marketing set-up; and diplomatic repre- sentation between Mozambique and the United States. NETS: Net Repair Manual, by Stacy V. Gebhards, 23 pp., “illus., processed, 1964. Idaho Fish and Game Dept., 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho. Although most nets today are machine-tied and are purchased readymade from various companies, net repair must still be done by hand. A properly mended net can mean the difference between catching many fish or none at all. The intent of this manual is merely to acquaint the beginner with the proper procedure. Proficiency in mending can come only through practice. The manual covers trimming, weaving, section replacement, hanging, and maintenance of nets. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION: essed, January 1964. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Can- ada. North Atlantic Fish Marking Symposium, Woods Hole, Mass., May 1961, Special Publication No. 4, 370 pp., illus., printed, 1963. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Can- ada. August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. NORWAY: "A industria de conservas de peixe Norueguesa em 1963" (The Norwegian fish canning industry in 1963), article, Conservas de Peixe, vol 18, no. 216, March 1964, pp. 15-17, 28, printed in Portuguese. Socie- dade da Revista Conservas de Peixe, Lda., Reguei- rao dos Anjos, 68, Lisbon, Portugal. NORWAY LOBSTERS: "Handling and processing Norway lobsters. Part 1-- Observations on handling and processing; Part 2-- Washing experiments," by P. Hovart and W. Vyncke, article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 2, April-June 13e4, pp. 117, ; 121-122, 125, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 85 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. The work reported here was carried out as part of the research program of the Committee for Applied Scientific Research in Fisheries, Fisheries Re- search Station, Ostend, Belgium. These are the first two parts of a four-part article. The aim of the work was a contribution to the improvement of the handling and processing of Norway lobsters (a shrimp-like crustacean) in commercial plants. In the meantime, it was intended to study the possibili- ties of cooking the lobsters on the vessels directly after catching. To study the influence of some im- portant factors on the washing effect, three series of experiments were carried out, each being re- peated three times on different dates and with differ- ent samples. In particular, the influence of dipping time, water temperature, soaking before washing and hosing were studied. OCEANOGRAPHY: Journal du Conseil, vol. 28, no. 3, March 1964, 127 pp., illus., printed, single copy Kr. 16 (about US$2.35). Andr. Fred. Hédst & Son, Bredgade, Co- penhagen, Denmark. Contains, among others, ar- ticles on: ''A temperature-controlled salt-water circulating apparatus for developing fish eggs and larvae," by William E. Fahy; ''Age determination in the whiting (Merlangius merlangius L.) by means of otoliths,'' by R. Gambell and J. Messtorff; ''On the influence of the fishery upon the population structure of redfish (Sebastes marinus L. and Sebastes men- tella Travin),” by V. P. Sorokin; ''The rational de- cision process in salmon migration," by Bernard C. Patten; '"A comparison among selected marine spe- cies of an association between sea water tempera- ture and relative abundance, "by Robert L. Dow; and "Breeding and gonadial cycle of oysters in Loch Ryan, Scotland," by R.H. Miller. Oceanography and Marine Biology. An Annual Review, vol. 1, edited by Harold Barnes, 478 pp., printed, 1963, 75s. (about US$10.50). George Allen and Un- win, Ltd., 40 Museum St., London WC1, England. U.S.S.R. Oceanographic and Marine Studies, OTS ~63-31798, 73 pp., printed, September 20, 1963, $2. Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. OREGON: Biennial Report to the Governor and the Fifty-Second Legislative Assembly, July 1, 1960-June 30, 1962, 34 pp., illus., erinent Toh waccaian of Oregon, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW. Sth Ave., Portland 1, Oreg. How the Fish Commission is organized, what it is doing to discharge its statutory responsi- bilities to the resource and to the people of Oregon, and the highlights of its operation during the biennium from July 1, 1960, to June 30, 1962 form the basis of this report. It contains information on: work of the Administrative, Engineering, Research, and Fish Culture Divisions; the Service Recognition Program; Suggestion Awards Program; and other topics. Also included are statistical tables giving data on: liber- ations of salmon and steelhead trout into State wa- ters; number of eggs taken at Fish Commission hatcheries; landings of food fish and shellfish; com- mercial fishing licenses issued; and fisheries law enforcement. OYSTERS: "Winter hits the oyster industry," article, New Scien- tist, vol. 20, October 3, 1963, pp. 10-11, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Ful- wood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. PHYSIOLOGY: "Measurements of swimming speeds of yellowfin tuna and wahoo," by Vladimir Walters and Harry L. Fier- stine, article, Nature, vol. 202, no. 4928, April 11, /// 1964, pp. 208-209, illus., printed, single copy 4s. (a- if bout 60 U.S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. PLANKTON: "The wonderful world of plankton,"' by Donald J. Hall, article, The Conservationist, vol. 18, no. 5; April- May 1964, pp. 22-25, illus., printed. The Conserva- tionist, Rm. 335, State Campus, Albany, N. Y. PORPOISES: "On the experience gained in commercial fishing for porpoises," by A.I. Petrenko, article, Rybnoe Khozi- aistvo, vol. 38, no. 3, 1962, pp. 44-48, printed in Rus - Sian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. PREDATOR CONTROL: "A method for the analysis of chlorinated benzenes in clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) and oysters (Cras- sostrea virginica), by N. Schwartz and others, ar- ficle, Journal of the Association of the Official Agri- cultural Chemists, vol. 46, October 1963, pp. BOS 898, printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D.C. PRESERVATION: Handling and Preservation of Fish, Report on the Work of Torry Research Station and Humber Laboratory, 24 pp., printed, 1962. Torry Research Station, Aber- deen, Scotland. Reviews the history and work of the Torry Research Station and its subsidiary, the Hum- ber Laboratory, Hull, England. The Torry Station conducts research mainly in the fields of fish handling, processing, preservation, and transportation. The Humber Laboratory handles problems related to the distant-water fisheries and the Humber fishing ports. The two stations are fully integrated. Reference to work at Torry should be understood to include the Humber Laboratory as well. 112 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 PROTEIN: Appendix 5--Suwannee Basin, 159 pp.; Appendix 6-- "Fish hydrolysates. IIf--Influence of degree of hy- Ochlockonee Basin, 183 pp.; Appendix 7--Apalachi- drolysis onnutritive value," by N. V. Sripathy and cola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basins, 226 pp.; 4 endix | others; 'IV--Microbiological evaluation," by M. A. 8--Choctawhatchee-Perdido Basins, 176 pp.; Tene Krishnaswamy and N. L. Lahiry, articles, Journal dix 9--Economics, 243 pp.; Appendixes 10 & Ti-= , of Food Science, vol. 28, May-June 1963, pp. 358- drology; Engineering and Cost, 145 pp.; Appen- 369, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510- dixes 12 & 13--Planning; History and Organization 522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. of the Commission, 276 pp.; ane, Hee 1963. United States Study Commission, Southeast River "Protein solubility as influenced by physiological con- Basins, Box 953, Atlanta 1, Ga. ditions in the muscle," by R.N. Sayre and E. J. Briskey, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 28, SALMON: November-December 1963, pp. 675-679, printed. "Ri ghth progress report on salmon diet experiments," Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 N. Hickory by Thomas B. McKee and others, article, Research St., Champaign, Ill. Briefs, vol. 9, no. 1, May 1963, pp. 52-56, printed. Fish Commission, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400 Sw. "Proteins in fish muscle. 18--Sedimentation patterns 5th Ave., Portland, Oreg. 97201. of myosin-B extracts of prerigor cod muscle," by J.R. Dingle and others, article, Canadian Journal "Ninth progress report on salmon diet experiments," of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 41, September by Wallace F.. Hublou and others, article, Research 1963, pp. 1915-1926, printed. National Research Briefs, vol. 9, no. 1, May 1963, pp. 57-62, printed. Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. Fish Commission, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW. Sth Ave., Portland, Oreg. 97201. "Study of fish serum proteins by starch-gel electro- phoresis,'' by Andree Drilhon, article, Chemical The Salmon King of Oregon (R. D. Hume and the Pa- Abstracts, vol. 57, December 10, 1962, 15624d, cific Fisheries), by Gordon B. Dodds, 271 pp., illus., printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th printed, 1959, $6. The University of North Carolina St. NW., Washington, D.C. Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. This year (1964) marked the designation of the site of the first Pacific Coast QUALITY: salmon cannery (built in Sacramento, Calif., 100 "Significance of the variations in the content of nu- years ago) as a National Historic Landmark. Because cleotides, free amino acids, and carbohydrates of of the renewed interest in the early history of the the fish muscle in judging quality," by F. Bram- Pacific Northwest salmon canning industry, it is fit- stedt, article, Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, vol. 64, ting that attention be called to this book even though September 1962, pp. 820-825, printed in German. it was published several years ago. This is not really Industrieverlag‘von Hernhaussen K.G., 24 Rodings- a full biography because, as the author points out, the markt, Hamburg II, Germany. necessary records are missing. But it is an econ- omic history of the salmon canning industry in Ore- "Sulfhydryl groups as an index of changes in fish tis- gon. Hume was a salmon canner of prominence and sue during refrigeration,'' by N. A. Golovkin and an early apostle of conservation. He was a member L.I. Pershina, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, of the pioneer family in the salmon industry and an June 25, 1962, 15894a, printed. The American Chem- innovator in developing the techniques of the trade. ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. The author admits that the scale of Hume's opera- tions was much smaller than that of his competitors RADIATION PRESERVATION: on the Columbia River, but his problems were the Low-Level Radiation Preservation of Fishery Prod- same as those of the larger cannery operators. It ucts ,{ October 1960-October 1962, by Joseph W. seems that the vicissitudes facing the salmon canner Slavin, Maynard A. Steinberg, and Thomas J. Con- today are still exactly the same as those facing Hume: nors, TID-18285, 37 pp., printed, April 1963, $1. relentless competition; the search for larger domes- Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of tic and foreign markets; relations with distant com- Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. mission men; the supply of salmon; and securing of labor. But Hume had one more problem which no Study of Irradiated-Pasteurized Fishery Products, longer faces today's canner--the difficulty of manu- ietober 1, 1962-September 30, 1963, by Joseph W. facturing reliable cans. You will find on reading this Slavin and Louis J. Ronsivalli, 82 pp., illus., printed, book that Hume's solutions to the problems mentioned November 1963, $2. Office of Technical Services, "were vigorous, imaginative and colorful.'’ What U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. Hume lacked in scientific knowledge of salmon he 20230. made up with inventiveness. Some of the first exper- iments in the artificial propagation of salmon were REFRIGERATION: conducted in his own hatcheries. Hume erected an Refrigeration in Fishing Vessels, by G.C. Eddie, economic complex on the Rogue River in southwest- orry Memoir No. 58, 8 pp., printed, 1961. Torry ern Oregon based upon his control of fishing rights Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. on the river. Hume's career is significant not only because of what he himself accomplished, but also RESOURCES: because it exemplifies so well the beliefs of his era Plan for Development of the Land and Water Resources in mechanical inventiveness, economic monopoly, of the Southeast River Basins, 183 pp.; Appendix 1-- progress, and the sanctity of wealth and business. Savannah Basin, 211 pp.; Appendix 2--Qgeechee The chapters in the book deal with Hume's migration Basin, 146 pp.; Appendix 3--Altamaha Basin, 177 from Maine to the Columbia, and to Oregon; the Rogue pp.; Appendix 4--Satilla-St. Marys Basin, 170 pp.; River salmon; the monopoly Hume developed; Hume August 1964 the politician; the trials of a hatcheryman; his at- tempts to influence public opinion and to expand his empire; and the last chapter discusses the man and the times he lived in. Quite interesting is the appen- dix which gives the salmon pack on the Rogue River from 1877 through 1908. The book contains a good bibliography, and an index. This study tries to fiil some gaps in American economic history, more specifically the activities of the frontier capitalist and businessman-conservationist in developing the salmon canning industry of the Pacific Northwest. Here is a book that makes fascinating reading. It is an excellent addition to the library of any one in- terested in the early history of commercial salmon fishing and canning. --Joseph Pileggi SALT FISH: "Accelerated cooling of wet, heavily salted fish," by A.L. Wood, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, vol. 20, July 1963, pp. 997- , printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. SANITATION: "Bacteriological survey of filleting processes in the Pacific Northwest. I--Comparison of methods of sampling fish for bacterial counts," by Wayne I. Tretsven, article, Journal of Milk and Food Tech- nology, vol. 26, September 1963, pp. 302-306, print- ed. International Association of Milk and Food San- itation, Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. "Increase in resistant strains on fish container dur- ing CTC-icing, and reduction of bacterial load on wooden container with bactericides,'’ by Tetuo Tom- iyama, Yasuo Yone, and Etsuko Shiraishi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol. 28, October 1962, pp. 1028-1042, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kai- gandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. SARDINES: "Night-caught and day-caught larvae of the California sardine," by John D. Isaacs, article, Science, vol. 144, no. 3622, May 29, 1964, pp. 1132-1133, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents. American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massa- chusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. SAURY: "Phototaxis of saury. I--Vitamin A of fish eye," by Yarokuro Yamamura and Seiichiro Muto, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, November 11, 1963, 11942f, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. SEAWEED: "Studies on soluble alginates. II--The pH of soluble alginates including lithium alginate, sodiumalginate, potassium alginate and ammonium alginate," by Miki Oguro, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, May 1961, pp. 88-92, printed. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. SHARKS: "Composition and palatability of porbeagle flesh," by W.J. Dyer and D.I. Fraser, article, Journal of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, Sep- tember 1963, pp. 1153-1158, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. SHRIMP: "Occurrence of two penaeid shrimps, Artemisia long- inaris (Bate) and Hymenopenaeus mulleri (Bate), and some lesser-known shrimps in coastal waters of South America," by M.N. Mistakidis and G. de S. Neiva, article, Nature, vol. 202, no. 4931, May 2, 1964, pp. 471-472, printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Management Staffing in Small Business, by Howard V. Finston and Karl Christman, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1964. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. The study reported in this summary examines the practices followed in the selection, development, and retention of executives by some rapidly growing small business - es in New Mexico. William M. Hoad and Peter Rosko, Management Re- search Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. Small Busi- ness Adminstration, Washington, D.C. 20416. Why do some new manufacturers succeed while others fail? The study reported in this summary sought answers to this question in a 3-year study of 95 new small manufacturing businesses. Successful firms were often characterized by (1) two or more execu- tives with different backgrounds; (2) experienced management--five years or more in managerial func- tions; (3) highly educated management; (4) consulta- tions before and after starting the business; (5) use of management tools such as budgets and controls; and (6) establishment of definite, realistic objectives before committing funds. Failure was often caused by inadequate training, experience, or ability on the part of the management. Using Security to Get a Bank Loan, by Leonard J. Kon- opa, Small Marketers' Aid No. 102, 4 pp., processed, April 1964. Small Business Administration, Wash- ington, D.C. 20416. Sometimes the small marketer's signature is the only security the bank needs when making a loan. At other times, the bank requires ad- ditional assurance that the money will be repaid. The kind and amount of security depends on the bank and on the small business owner's situation. Among the types of security discussed in this report are: en- dorsers, comakers, and guarantors; assignment of leases; trust receipts for floor planning; savings ac- counts; and life insurance policies. SPAIN: Nombres vulgares y cientificos de las principales especies comerciales de peces de la region sudatlan- tica espanola (Common and Scientific names of the principal commercial fish species of Spain's South Atlantic coast), by Julio Rodriguez -Roda, 17 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1960. (Reprinted from In- vestigacion Pesquera, vol. 22, November 1960, pp. 103-155.) Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Paseo Nacional, s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain. SPOILAGE: "Bacteriology of spoilage of fish muscle. II--Incidence of spoilers during spoilage," by R. Adams, L. Farber, 114 and P. Lerke, article, Applied Microbiology, vol. 12, no. 3, May 1964, pp. 277-279, illus., Sane single copy $3. The Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Pres- ton St., Baltimore, Md. 21202. "Factors influencing the keeping quality of fresh-wa- ter fish in ice," by N. L. Lahiry, M. N. Moorjani, and B.R. Baliga, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, September 1963, pp. 123-125, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. STERN TRAWLERS: "Fishing equipment and technique for a refrigerated stern trawler,'' by F.W. Jenckel, article, Schiff- bautechnik, vol. 12, 1962, pp. 540-555, printed in German. VEB Verlag Technik, 13/14 Oranienbur- gerstrasse, Berlin C2, Germany. "Refrigerated stern trawler," article, Schiff und Haf- fen, vol. 14, no. 10, 1962, pp. 867-888, printed in German. C.D.C. Heydorns Buchdruckerei, Ueter- sen bei Hamburg, Germany. STRIPED BASS: "Hopes high for striped bass hatchery," by Otho May, article, South Carolina Wildlife, vol. 11, no. 2, Spring 1964, pp. 14-15, illus., printed. South Caro- lina Wildlife Resources Department, Box 360, Co- lumbia, S.C. TOXICITY: "Separation and purification of toxic constituent of swellfish,'' article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, April 2, 1964, 7684a, printed. The American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. "Source of paralytic shellfish toxin in the Bay of Fundy," by A. Prakash, article, Journal of the Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, July 1963, pp. 983-996, printed. Queen's Printer and Con- troller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Studies on the food poisoning caused by aquatic foods. I--Preliminary survey on toxic substance of octopus which caused food poisoning,'' by Yoshihiro Sato, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, March 1963, pp. 263-266, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kai- gandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. TOXINS: "Tarichatoxin-tetrodotoxin: A potent neurotoxin," by H.S. Mosher and others, article, Science, vol. 144, no. 3622, May 29, 1964, pp. 1100-1110, illus., print- ed, single copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. A nonprotein substance isolated from the California newt is the Same as the toxin from the puffer fish. TRAWL NETS: The Study of the Mesh Selection of Trawl Nets, with Special Reference to the Mesh Regulation on the Japan Fisheries Resources Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 TROUT: "Fat oxidation and storage life of iced trout. I--In- fluence of gutting,"' by Poul Hansen, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 14, Nov+ ember 1963, pp. 781-786, printed. The Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. TUNA: "Biochemical studies on tuna. IV--Effect of coldstor- age on the base composition of testis deoxribonucleic acid (DNA),"' by Yutaka Fuji, Koichi Mimoto, and Shichiro Higasa, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 14301a, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. ee Biologia del Atun, THUNNUS THYNNUS (L.) de la costa Sudatlantica de Espana (Biology of the bluefin tuna, _ Thunnus thynnus (L.), of Spain's South Atlantic coast), by Julio Rodrigues Roda, 114 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English summary, 1964. (Reprinted from Investigacion Pesquera, vol. 25, January 1964, pp. 33-146.) Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Paseo Nacional, s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain. TUNALIKE FISH: Japansk Bonito- og Tunafiske (Japanese Bonito and Tuna Fishing), by Torolf Holme, Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Fiskeri, vol. 5, no. 1, 1964, 77 pp., illus., printed in Norwegian with English summary. A.S. John Griegs Boktrykkeri, Bergen, Norway. U.S.S.R.: Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 40, no. 4, April 1964, 95 pp., illus., printed in Russian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these articles: ''Basic trends of tech- nical progress in the fishing industry during 1966- 1970;" "Biology and fisheries for basic fishes of southern Atlantic," by S.O. Overko; ''Fishing areas off eastern Greenland," by L.N. Pechenik and M. V. Mina; ''Present condition and future development of fishery ports," by I. A. Kunitskii; ''Ocean perch and herring trawl operations of the SRTR Uliss," by G. Grishchenko; ''Use of electric current in the harvest- ing of seals," by B.I. Badamshin and others; ''Gleb Uspenskii, a large stern trawler;"’ Agar from Black Sea gelidium algae," by A.A. Kalugina; ''The fishing industry of the U.S.," by A.B. Kuz'mychev; and ''Sec- ond session of the Mixed Commission on Cooperation in Marine Fisheries (Soviet Union, Poland, and East Germany)." --M. A. Kravanja Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 40, no. 5, May 1964, 96 pp., illus., printed in Russian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these articles: ''The development of a large chemical industry and technical progress in the fishing industry,'' by V. P. Zaitsev; "Our first ex- perience with new fishery regulations," by E. N. Ka- zancheev; ''The characteristics of fishing for white whales and regularity of their distribution in the Arctic,'' by D. A. Butorin; 'Purse-seining for halibut and other bottomfish in the waters off Kamchatka," August 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 by I. A. Polutov and others; "Selection of infrared thermo-emanator in warm processing of fish,"' by N. N. Sakharova and E.I. Mellekh; "Objective method of determining the degree of fat acidity in salted herring," by L.A. Liubavina; 'Chemical composi- tion and possible processing techniques for Far Eastern molluses,'' by D. Ia. Ertel'; ''Possibilities of increasing the efficiency of operation of large stern trawlers (BMRT)," by N.S. Iukhno and V.A. Teplitskii; ''Soviet-Ghanaian agreement on coopera - tion in marine fisheries;"' and ''Physical principles of fish detection,"' by I. Kliukin. --M, A, Kravanja VIET -NAM: Foreign Trade Regulations of Viet-Nam, by Nandor J. Cheplo, OBR 64-49, 8 pp., printed, May 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (Forsale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Viet-Nam's chronic imbalances in foreign trade, low level of exchange reserves, and need to stimu- late industrialization are important factors in the Government's restrictive trade policy. This report contains information on the import tariff system, salessand other internal taxes, documentation and fees, labeling and marking requirements, and spe- cial customs provisions. Also discusses nontariff import trade controls, Viet-Nam's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation between the two countries. VITAMIN A: "Effect of processing on the vitamin A content of some Nile fishes," by S.R. Norcos and M.K. Saleh, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, August 5, 1963, 3261b, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. "Studies on the mechanism of consumption and ac- cumulation of vitamin A in fish (Part II),'' by Yaro- kuro Yamamura, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, January 1962, pp. 39-44, printed. Japanese Society of Sci- entific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan WHALE OIL: "Food additives. Hydrogenated sperm oil," article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, December 10, 1962, , printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. WHALES: "Flavour of beef and whale meat,'' by Irwin Hornstein, Patrick F. Crowe, and William L. Sulzbacher, ar- ticle, Nature, vol. 199, September 28, 1963, pp. 1252-1254, printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. "Movement of humpback whales marked in the South West Pacific Ocean 1952 to 1962,'' by W.H. Dawbin, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 3, March 1964, pp. 68, 70-74, 76-78, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforen- ingen, Sandefjord, Norway. "Properties of components of myoglobin of the sperm whale," by M. Z. Atassi, article, Nature, vol. 202, no. 4931, May 2, 1964, pp. 496-498, illus., printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010. "Reprocessing of whale fat into edible hydrogenated fat,'' by T. A. Khorin, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58, January 7, 1963, 876e, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. WHALING: "Antarctic season 1963/64,'' article, Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 3, March 1964, pp. 78, 80-81, printed in Norwe- gian and English. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. In the season 1963/64, 16 factoryships took part in pelagic whaling operations in the Antarctic. This was one less than in the previous season; the British factoryship Southern Harvester, sold in 1963 to Japan, did not participate in the operations. The International Whaling Commission had resolved at its meeting in 1963 to give total protection to the blue whale in all but one Antarctic area. The humpback whale was totally protected. Further, the Commis- sion fixed the maximum catch for season 1963/64 at 10,000 blue-whale units, where the ''ceiling" had been 15,000 units in the previous season. The season lasted from December 12 to April 7 for fin and sei whales, and from February 1 to April 7 for blue whales. Included in this article are statistical tables showing the Antarctic catch by country in the past 3 seasons; catch by blue-whale units, 1963/64; blue whale catches for the past 3 seasons; and production of whale and sperm oil by fleet. YELLOWTAIL: Notes on the Ecology and Fisheries of the Yellowtail) “SERIOLA QUINQUERAD TA T. et S., of the Japa nese Waters, by Fumio Mitani, Fisheries Research Series No. 1, 43 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Ja- pan Fisheries Resources Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. 116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 8 "RIVERS OF MUD" AT BOTTOM OF SEA Aseries of mammoth ''sea channels" carved out of the bottom of the ocean by gigantic "rivers of mud'' have been found by United States scientists. Their findings were made public on July 26, 1964, by the Director of the Coast and Geodetic Survey (C. & G. Ss) We Se Department of Commerce. He reported that the ''sea channels" were located in the Bay of Bengal. The findings resultedfroma study made by the C. & G.S. oceanographic research ves- sel Pioneer. The 312-foot "floating laboratory" is participating ina 20-nation study of the Indian Ocean, scientifically one of the least known areas of the world. Its 27,000-mile cruise ended August 11 when it returned to its home base of Oakland, Calif., after an ab- sence of six months. The study was conducted by three oceanographers --2 from the Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, and 1 from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. They reported that at least a score of the ''sea channels'' was discovered on the bottom of the Bay of Bengal off the south- ern coast of India. "These channels are of enormous dimensions," said one of the oceanographers. ''The largest surveyed by our scientists, located about 2 miles below the surface of the sea, was about 4 miles wide and 300 feet deep. We estimated that it carried a volume of water 25 times larger thanthat of the Mississippi River. We followed it for about 200 miles before we lost it.'' The Mississippi Riveris about a mile wide and up to 50 feetdeep. The ocean- ographer said the channels were apparently dug out of the sea bottom by "gigantic rivers of mud. "Over the years," he said, "the many rivers which pour into the Bay of Bengal, in- cluding the Ganges, Iraquadi, and Brahmapoutra, deposit their mud on the continental she lves, a connecting link with the ocean bottom which begins at the water's edge. Possibly about once or twice eachcentury, this mud suddenly moves with compelling force from the shelves across the bottom of the sea through these huge channels. What triggers these sudden ayv- alanches of mud at the bottom of the sea is not known. "But the mud is apparently funneled down submarine channels cut into the steep con- tinental slopes, which link the continental shelves and the ocean bottom, and pours across the almost flat sea floor for hundreds of miles. At some time in the distant past, the mud avalanches cut these enormous channels out of the sea bottom. "Fach time this unusual phenomenon occurs, it fills the sea channels to overflowing with huge, massive, fluid rivers of mud. The volume is so great that in overflowing the channels it builds its own levees or walls, just asthe Mississippi River does on land. These mud rivers run along the bottom of the sea like a flood of mercury. We don't know how long these avalanches last. We believe they travel at high speed and their volume is meas- ured in millions of cubic yards of mud. They represent a truly remarkable phenomena of the sea. TheC.&G.S. oceanographer said the channels are to be found as faras 500 miles from shore. Scientists knew before that deep-sea floor channels existed, but the impression up to now has been that they represented a series of structural faults in the ocean bottom. Only a few had been located in the Bay of Bengal. "Our study definitely established,’ declared the scientist, ''thatthese channels are not structural faults, that they were caused by rivers of mud, that they represent a complex system rather than the isolated 2 or 3 we believed existed before. These sea channels in the Bay of Bengal represent the greatest network and the greatest display of these unusual features found anywhere so far. This is undoubtedly one of the major discoveries of our expedition." The Pioneer spent two weeks studying the seachannels. (News Release, July 26, 1964, Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce.) My +h ) ity va Ath op y ; Rae ag 4 TT) 1 So ; vehi nM tg eeu , ty #4! . i | fie 1 | | Tae eet eae Rae Gea eh Ty j { fg Oe Ve be Ss iu ;' tay Tips and Recipes on— Available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 Fish and Shellfish Cookery 1 eee BASIC FISH COOKERY. Looking for ways to pre- pare seafood? This booklet provides step-by-step illustrations, taking you from the cleaning and preparation of seafood through methods of cooking, to the final dish ready to place on the table. It discusses the nutritive value of the various types of seafood; presents a guide for buying fish and shellfish; gives many basic recipes for frying, broiling, baking, planking, boiling, and steaming seafood; and lists many garnishes that may be used to enhance these dishes. 1956 26 p. il. Catalog No. I 49.39:2/2 25¢ 2yeee TIPS ON COOKING FISH AND SHELLFISH. Fisherman's Surprise! Sea Reef Salad! Sound ex- citing, don’t they? These are but 2 of 18 taste-tempting recipes contained in this pamphlet. It also includes a pur- chasing guide describing various forms and cuts of fish; and a list of suggested vegetables that can be: used for garnishing fish dishes. 1958. 10p Catalog No. I 49.2:F 53/8 10¢ Ee SHRIMP TIPS FROM NEW ORLEANS. Contains many mouth-watering and colorfully illustrated New Orleans’ recipes for preparing tasty shrimp dishes, both plain and fancy—boiled, fried, breaded, broiled, or en casserole 1956. 16 p.il Catalog No. 1 49.4:41 25¢ 4 _.. TAKE A CAN OF SALMON. This colorfully illus- trated booklet contains 22 time-tested recipes prepared imaginatively to show you the versatility of salmon and the excitement it brings to dinner menus, party refreshments, and luncheon dishes. 1960. 17 p. il Catalog No. I 49.4:60 25¢ HOW TO COOK FISH AND SHELLFISH. A series of help- ful, informative booklets giving hints about the purchasing of fish and shellfish, detailed instructions on preparing the various types of seafood, and appetizing recipes for broiling, boiling, frying, and baking, for casseroles, chowders, soups, = = and many other tasty seafood dishes, both plain and fancy. Catalog No. 1 49.39: (booklet number) 5 .... 3/2. HOW TO COOK OYSTERS. 1953. 16 p.il 20¢ (Fact 4. HOWTO COOK SALMON. 1951. 16 p. il 20¢ 7 .... 6. HOW TO COOK OCEAN PERCH. 1952. 12 p. il 20¢ Bese 7. HOW TO COOK SHRIMP. 1952. 16 p. il 20¢ 9 .... 8 HOW TOCOOKCLAMS. 1953. 16p.il. 20¢ 10 _.. 9. HOW TO COOK HALIBUT. 1956. 12 p.il 20¢ Ua 10. HOW TO COOK CRABS. 1956. 16 p. il 20¢ Wain 11. HOW TO COOK LOBSTERS. 1957. 16 p. il. 20¢ UE} oe 12. HOW TO COOK TUNA. 1957. 16p.il. 20¢ Lcd eee 13. HOW TO COOK SCALLOPS. 1° 20 p. il. 20¢ Sie FISH COOKERY FOR ONE HUNDRED. Designed for those who prepare fishery products in large quan- tities. this publication includes essential information on the purchase and preparation of seafoods for organizations, insti- tutions, clubs, schools, or other large quantity users. Most of the recipes it contains are basic methods which can be ap- plied to several species of fish. Although written primarily for quantity users, the individual should also find valuable information in this booklet—a brief description of the markei forms of fish and frozen fishery products, illustrated instruc- tions for cleaning and dressing fish, and shucking oysters, and suggestions for the preparation of other types of seafood. 1956. 44 p. il. Catalog No. I 49.39:1/2 30¢ Prices subject to change without notice All supplies limited cA lll = Mull SEPTEMBER 1964 VOL. 26, NO. 9 = So = ~~ ly a = = Lu = — re S bn = ly = — = a. cc i—) ~“ by a ~ ~“ [—~) bl a ba] = —) Fish and Wildlife Service — Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR Ree tee te SECRETARY DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER =) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVI IEW ®) A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: U.S.D.I. (U.S. Department of the Interior) fishery in- spector in a Texas shrimp breading plant making final check of breaded shrimp before it goes into the freezer. Some 62 part- time and full-time U.S.D.I. fishery inspectors in 40 plants in the United States now inspect fishery products to assure top- quality products for the consumer. In 1963, a total of 215 mil- lion pounds of fishery products were inspected by U.S.D.I. inspectors. Page 1 ..A Progress Report on the Development of International Food Standards, by Charles Butler Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: California: 10 .. Foreign Fishing Activities in Bering Sea, 14 .. Commercial Shrimp Quota Off Crescent City- June 1964 Eureka Area Increased 11 .. Kodiak Firm Processes Dungeness Crab 14 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 11 .. Southeastern Alaska Salmon Purse-Seine Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products: Season Opened July 1 14 ., January-May 1964 12... Halibut Prices Rise in June Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: 12... Pink Salmon Off Southeast Alaska Coast 15 .. Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- 12 .. Butter Clam Digging Feasible Despite Earth- tinued quake 16 .. Anton Bruun Participation in International 12 .. Dungeness Crab Reported Plentiful Off Cape Indian Ocean Expedition Fairweather Chesapeake Bay: Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program: 17 .. Chesapeake Research Council Organized 12... Underwater Television Used for Locating Clams: King Crab 17... Research by University of Rhode Island Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Federal Aid: Research: 18 .. Pacific Northwest States Receive Funds for 13... Shellfish Explorations Started by Research Fisheries Program Vessel Paragon Fish Kills: 13... King Crab Tagging 18 .. More Fish Kills in Louisiana Investigated Botulism Research: Flatfish: 13... Federal Government Committee Formed to 19 .. North Pacific Migrations of Halibut and Sole Coordinate Research Contents continued page II. II Page 20 28 28 30 31 32 32 33 34 35 35 35 36 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 CONTENT (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Fur Seals: Processing Contract Negotiations by U.S. Department of the Interior Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Schedule of Fishery Explorations in Lake Superior Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Sea Lamprey Control as of June 1964 Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Trawling Survey Off the Caribbean Coast of Colombia Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Halibut: North Pacific Halibut Landings, 1964 Season to July 20, 1964 Quality Evaluation of Ex-Vessel Pacific Landings Continued Industrial Fishery Products: U.S. Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production by Areas, June 1964 Production by Areas, May 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, May 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, April 1964 Fish Oil Producers' Views on Market Trends Raw Material Scarce in Maine Fish Oils Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, June 1, 1964 Maine Canned Sardines Served at National Boy Scout Jamboree Marlin: Billfish Research Cruise by University of Miami Vessel North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Tuna and Swordfish Distribution Studies in Western North Atlantic Electrical Fishing Gear in Operation Ob- served by Television North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Bottomfish Trawling Survey Off Washington Coast Albacore Tuna Abundance and Distribution Study Nutrition: Fishery Products Reaffirmed as Nutritious and Healthful Oceanography: Indian Ocean Investigations by Research Vessel Pioneer University of Miami Research Vessel Re- turns from Equatorial Atlantic Oceano- graphic Investigations Coast Guard Cutter Occupies Ocean Weather Station New Instrument Effective Aid in Ocean- Bottom Studies Ocean Perch: Annual Check of Tagged Ocean Perch Off Maine Oysters: Developments on MSX Disease Reported by Scientists Breeding Stock Resistant to Disease Pa 37 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 42 42 43 44 45 45 46 46 47 49 49 50 50 51 ol 52 ge TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Pacific Northwest: Japanese Fishery Observers Visit United States Pollution: Pesticide Endrin Blamed in Mississippi River Fish Kill Salmon: New Fish Behavorial Flume Built in Pacific Northwest Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, June 1964 Royal-Red Shrimp Fishing Off Florida East Coast Good in June Smoked Fish: Status Report on Smoked Fish Processing Studies in Great Lakes Region South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program: South Atlantic Fishery Explorations Continued by Research Vessel Oregon Tagging: Marlin and Sailfish Cooperative Tagging Pro- gram in Hastern Pacific Tuna: Albacore Exploratory Cruise Conducted by Oregon Fish Commission Bluefin Tagged Off Baja California Recap- tured Near Japan United States Fisheries: Fish Sticks and Portions, January-March 1964 U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled: May 1964 April 1964 U.S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna Under Quota Processed Edible Fishery Products, May 1964 Value of U.S. Fishery Products Exports Up Sharply in 1963 Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Jan- uary-March 1964 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, July 1964 FOREIGN: International: Fishing Limits: British-Norwegian Discussions Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, January-April 1963-1964 Fish Oil: World Exports, 1963 Food and Agriculture Organization: Tuna Research Meeting Held in Rome Greater International Discipline Urged in Harvesting World's Oceans Gear: Soviet and U.S. Delegations Discuss Fishing Gear Conflicts in Northeastern Pacific Ocean Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Annual Meeting Held at Ann Arbor, Michigan Contents continued page III. September 1964 Page: 53 54 54 55 56 56 56 56 56 57 57 58 58 58 59 59 60 60 60 60 61 62 64 64 65 66 66 66 67 68 68 69 @” enters fe COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Il CONTENT (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): International Atomic Energy Agency: Recommendations Made on Radiation Con- trol of Harmful Organisms in Foods and Animal Feeds International Whaling Commission: 16th Annual Meeting Held Nordic Countries Ninth Nordic Fisheries Conference North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Parties to the Convention Will Seek Agree- ment at Meeting in Ottawa, September 9, 1964 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Fisheries Committee Meets Shrimp: International Shrimp Council Planned to Promote Shrimp Consumption Whaling: Whale Distribution in Northeast Pacific Shown on Soviet Map Australia: Tuna Fishery Has Good Season Tuna Could Top Fish Catch Duty on Shrimp Imports Fisheries Landings, 1962/63 Tasmania Scallop Season Extended Canada: New Fish-Processing Plant Opens in Nova Scotia New Fisheries Research Vessel Planned Spanish Trawler Convicted for Violation of Territorial Waters Bounty Payments on Pacific Harbor Seals Discontinued Chile: Tuna Fleet to be Expanded Developments on the Proposed Japanese- Chilean King Crab Venture Communist China: Purchase of Large Trawlers Planned Cuba: Imports of Fishery Products from Japan, January-April 1964 Denmark: Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1964 Imports of Fishery Products, 1962-63 and Early 1964 Meeting Planned on Structural Research for Small Vessels Ecuador: Tuna Industry Trends, 1963 Shrimp Industry Trends, 1963 Spiny Lobster Industry Trends; 1963 Bottomfish Industry Development Ghana: Government Control of Two Private Fishing Firms Iceland: Herring Fisheries Trends as of July 13, 1964 Exports of Fishery Products, January- March 1964 Herring Prices, June 16-September 30, 1964 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan- uary-February 1964 Page 69 FOREIGN (Contd.): oe Contents continued page Iceland (Contd.): Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- February 1964 Ireland: Fishing Industry Surveyed by United States Fishery Scientists Ivory Coast: New Development in Sardine Fishery Japan: Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U.S., April-May 1964 Ex-Vessel Prices for Albacore Tuna Still High in June 1964 Summer Albacore Tuna Fishery South Pacific Tuna Mothership Fishery Trends, June 1964 Japanese Tuna Exporters Seeking More Trade with Spain and Cuba Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports to Cuba In- creasing Frozen Tuna Sales to Italy Slow in June 1964 Establishment of Overseas Tuna Base Coun- cil Under Study Japanese Negotiate with Portuguese Firm for Tuna Base Off West African Coast Pole-and-Line Skipjack Tuna Fishery Being Studied Tuna Behavior Near Driftwood Studied Tuna Fishing Licenses Decline in Value Fishing Company to Fly Replacements for Tuna Long-Line Crews Tanker Refuels Tuna Long-Liners at Sea Tuna Mothership in Indian Ocean Confronted with Labor Dispute at Sea South Korea Asks Japan to Liberalize Vessel Exports North Pacific Salmon Catch as of Mid-June 1964 Mothership Salmon Catch in North Pacific Reported Poor Record Low Salmon Catch Expected for Area B Hokkaido Canners Hard Hit by Poor Salmon Catch Pack of Land-Based Salmon Canners Down Mothership Bottomfish and Shrimp Fishery in Eastern Bering Sea, June 1964 New Crab Fishery Developed in Japanese Coastal Waters Atlantic Trawl Fishery, 1963 Refrigerated Carriers Being Built for Atlan- tic Trawl Fleet Stern-Trawler Cannery Built for Shrimp Fishery Fishing Vessel Construction Permits Issued June 16, 1964 Fishery Production in 1963 Status of 1963 Overseas-Based Fisheries to be Studied New Fishing Port in Osaka Prefecture Frozen Fish Sales Promotion Planned Fish Meal and Solubles Used in Mixed Feed, 1958-1963 Antarctic Whale Catch and Products Pro- duced, 1963/64 Cultured Pearl Quality Improved by Use of Antibiotic Iv. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No 9 CONTENT (CONTINUED) Page: Page: FOREIGN (Contd.): FOREIGN (Contd.): Republic of Korea: South Africa Republic (Contd.): B2evets Negotiations for Additional Tuna Vessels B38) on Fish Meal Production for 1964 Sold or Com- Liberia: mitted B28 Fishing Industry Undergoing Modern Ex- Dare. Spiny Lobster Fishing Regulations Amended pansion 95 .. Quality Specifications for Fishery Products Mexico: — Oe) 44 New Vessel Equipped for Drum-Traw1 Fishing 84 ., "Pilot'’ Fishing Port at Alvarado Nears South and South-West Africa: Completion 96 .. Fishery Landings Set Another Record in 1963 Netherlands: Republic of Togo: Bo" Ae Reorganization of Fishing Industry Proposed Chie a Extends Territorial Waters to 12 Miles New Zealand U.S.S.R.: 85 .. Local Sperm Whaling Promising in Early 97 .. New Variety of Sturgeon Developed 1964 United Arab Republic: Nigeria: 98 .. Fishery Products Imports and Exports, Jan- 86 .. Shrimp Resources Promising uary-June 1963 Norway: United Kingdom: THI 5 4 Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-April 13, OBI eee. Newest Addition to Freezer-Trawler Fleet 1964 Launched 87 .. Fisheries Trends, May 1964 FEDERAL ACTIONS: 87 .. Stern Trawler Design Produced by Com- Department of Commerce: puter Bureau of the Census: 88 .. Fishing for Dogfish and Basking Shark Off TOOK. Time Extended for Comments on Changes Great Britain To Be Continued in Export Classification 88 .. Sealing Expedition to the Antarctic Department of the Interior: Panama: Fish and Wildlife Service: 88 .. Shrimp Fishery Trends, 1963 TOO. Regulations Proposed for Procedures on 89 .. Spiny Lobster and Scallop Fisheries Commercial Fisheries Research and De- Poland: velopment Act 90 .. Fishery Trends in 1964 United States Court of Appeals: 90 .. Fisheries Trends and Exports in 1963 LOA Federal Maritime Commission Order for (oy ee Fish Meal Production, 1963 Lower Alaska Water Transportation Rates Portugal: Stayed 91... Canned Fish Exports, January-March 1964 104 ,. EHighty-Highth Congress (Second Session) 92 .. Canned Fish Pack, January-March 1964 RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: South Africa Republic: 108 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 92 .. Exploratory Fishing for Shrimp Off West 110 .. Miscellaneous Publications Coast Hits Ce aan Anchovy Resources Off Coast Explored Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone ok ook Ok Kk ok Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P. 40--H. R. Bullis, Jr.; p. 61 (fig. 1)--Danish Foreign Ministry Press Bureau and (fig. 2)--Turistforeningen, Denmark; p. 62--Norman D. Jarvis; p. 76--R. C. Naab; p. 78 (fig. 2)--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y.; p. 81--Arnie J. Suomela, American Embassy, Tokyo, Japan; p. 89--Carlos A. Arosemena L., Panama City, Panama; p. 96 (fig. 1)-- American Studio; p. 96 (fig. 3) and p. 97 (fig. 5)--Albert C. Jensen, Woods Hole, Mass.; p. 98 (fig. 1)--F. Harland, Selby, England; p. 98 (fig. 2) and p. 99 (fig. 3)--Peter Brady, Fleetwood, England. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. ce five. tuesii. £ PGizL LS REVIEW September 1964 Washington, D. C. Vol. 26, No.9 A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL FOOD STANDARDS By Charles Butler* Among the first problems facing any country seeking to engage in international trade is that of agreement with the buyer on the nature, characteristics, quality, quantity, and price of the commodity to be traded. Once agreement is reached on those elements, the negotiation of the other details can proceed in an orderly way and by accepted rules of commerce. Many countries are actively engaged in the export and import of foods whether they be raw, semiprocessed, or processed. However, that trade is hampered by lack of food stand- ards acceptable to buyer and seller. A number of international organizations had been work- ing on standards for trade between countries. For example, the need for agreement on food standards was first recognized when the Codex Alimentarius Europaeus was established to de- velop standards for use among European na- tions. The Organization for Economic Cooper- ation and Development (OECD), of which the United States is a member, also had a program for food standards development. Many people felt that the work was being unnecessarily duplicated, too many organiza- tions were engaged in it, and its cost was be- coming prohibitive. This situation sparked the adoption of a resolution at the FAO Conference of 1961, endorsing the establishment of a Co- dex Alimentarius (Food Standards) Commis- sion to operate under joint Food and Agricul- ture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) auspices. The excellent progress made on food additives, milk hygiene, and the Code of Principles for milk and milk products Fig. 1 - To assure a top-quality processed product for the con- under this same joint auspices was the basis for sumer, U.S.D.1. (U.S. Department of the Interior) fishery in- this further program. InOctober1962,there was _ spector checks quality of raw heads-off shrimp in Texas shrimp convened, at Geneva, the First Joint FAO/WHO reading plant. Conference on Food Standards to review the proposed program. The conference was mainly concerned with the organization of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. The at- tendees set the principles, guidelines, purpose, and scope of the Commission. The first working conference of that Commission, held in Rome June 25-July 3,963) re- sulted in assignment of chairmanships of the various commodity and practices committees to *Assistant Director for Industrial Research, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D.C. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 709 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 member governments or international organizations. For example, the United States was assigned chairmanships for the committees on food hygiene and processed fruits and vegeta- bles; FAO was given the chairmanship for the committee on fish and fishery products. The Joint FAO/WHO Program on Food Standards (Codex Alimentarius) has as its pur- pose: simplifying and integrating food standards work now carried on by many international organizations; providing an effective mechanism for obtaining Government acceptance of those standards; and their publication in the Codex Alimentarius. Participation in the program is open to all interested member nations of FAO and WHO. Primary task of the Commission is the determination of priorities and the allocation of preparatory work on each standard to the best qualified outside technical body. The group so selected would submit a draft to the Com- mission for finalization at Government level as was so successfully done with the Code of Principles for Milk and Milk Products. Work already under way onfood standards, suchas that : ; 2 of FAO, would gradually be integrated with the new Joint Program. Basis for the Joint Pro- gram is (1) the rapidly growing importance of internationally accepted food standards as a means of protecting consumers and producers in all countries, whatever their stage of de- velopment, and of effectively reducing trade barriers; and (2) the need to simplify and in- tegrate international food standards work to avoid duplication and conflicting standards and to effect economies in effort and expense. Types of foods to be included are princi- eh : 3 pal foods entering international trade, whether Fig. 2 - U.S.D.1. fishery inspectors at packing line of Texas processed, semiprocessed, or raw, for direct shrimp breading plant. sale to the consumer or for manufacturing purposes. Food additives, intentional or un- intentional, are included because of their increasing importance (pesticides, ete.). Primary responsibility for the work on food standards rests with FAO, while WHO is concerned with health aspects of the program. Food hygiene is included because this element is essential to insure a food standard that is both effective and acceptable, based on international food stand- ards work already under way. Food hygiene rules will also be valuable for guidance of de- veloping countries where full knowledge in this area cannot be taken for granted. a 7% 3 Worldwide standards were agreed upon as the desirable type, because some foods are international in trade. There are not excluded standards for foods that are regional or inter- regional but the Codex, through incorporation of both types, will be a reference book of inter- national food standards and a means for harmonizing the standards themselves. The nature and type of standards to be included in the Codex is important. ''Nature" means the category into which they fall. These are: international "trading" standards; inter- national minimum standards, standards somewhat less rigorous, but a target at which nation- al standards should aim. ''Type'' is aspect to be covered; composition, designation, labeling, analysis, hygiene, etc. The Commission recognizes the difficulty of attaining its objectives, even for closely linked countries, but the aim must be attained by any group of countries seeking free inter- change of foodstuffs ina common market. The trading standards can be only recommenda- tions for use by any country at its option; or as in HEC, by international legislation they may become law for that group. Less difficult is the recommendation of minimum standards which if a government accepts them, merely undertakes to insure that corresponding national standards shall not be less rigorous. This does not preclude national standards being more rigorous. A good example of minimum standards appeared in Code of Principles for Milk and Milk Products, now accepted by about 50 countries. Standards for dried milk, elaborated there- from, are already having international impact on trade in that commodity. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 Those food standards are aimed at insuring the marketing of a sound, wholesome prod- uct, correctly labeled and presented. Those objectives are most important in international standards. They are not intended to force a certain quality (or grade) of product upon the consumer or otherwise to affect consumer preference. All standards developed by the Commission would be submitted to governments with a view to their acceptance. This is an essential element since there are detailed and diverse governmental regulations to which every imported food must comply. Harmonization with national standards, therefore, will enhance the weight of the Codex standard as a model. For fish and fishery products, the Commission delegated to FAO the initial work on both Codes of Principles and Standards. FAO called a meeting of a Committee of Experts which met in Rome, February 18-20, 1964. The Committee consisted of experts from the following 12 countries actively associated with international trade in fish and fishery products: Canada, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, and United States of America, together with observers from France, Poland, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the European Economic Community (EEC). The Committee elected as its Chairman H. V. Dempsey (Canada) andas its Rapporteur C. Butler (U.S.A.) The Committee's substantive agenda was as follows: (1) Recommendation of priorities among fish and fishery products to be standardized. (2) Preparation of a code of principles for fish and fishery products. (3) Preparation of a draft model standard. In handling this agenda, the Committee had before it a considerable documentation prepared by the FAO Secretariat, containing information on regulations concerning fish and fishery products in the principal countries, on the work of other international agencies (in particular OECD) on a draft skeleton code of principles and, finally, material on international trade in fish and fishery products to facilitate the selection of priorities among them for standardiza- tion. The Committee agreed that, in the selection of products for international standardization, priority should be given to those products: a. Which are important in international trade. b. Which are of interest to a number of countries. c. Where lack of standards have created trade difficulties. d. For which raw material does not differ too much. e. For which standardization would not be too difficult technically. The list of products selected as suitable for international standardization at an early date was: (a) Canned Products: Herring and sardine in tomato sauce Herring and sardine in oils Tuna, bonito and mackerel in brine or oils Pacific salmon Crab meat and shrimp 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 (b) Frozen Products: Tuna as raw material for further processing Herring W W W "W W W Fillets of Atlantic cod, haddock, and ocean perch (Sebastes species) Pacific salmon Crustaceans (c) Cured Products: Salted herring Salted cod Instead of the Code of Principles which it was requested to draw up, the Committee felt that it would be more descriptive to call it a Code of Practice, since what was wanted were broad guidelines for practical application. On the basis of a draft submitted by the Secretar- iat, the Committee considered in detail the various chapters which should be included and, as a result, drew upthe skeleton Code of Practice which is outlined here: I. HANDLING PRACTICES FOR RAW MATERIAL 1. Requirements for raw fish and fishery products (a) Handling on board fishing vessels (i) condition of fish at the time of catching (ii) immediate handling of fish, including gutting and bleeding (iii) washing (iv) stowing and icing (v) equipment and facilities available on board (boxes, freezing equipment, cold-storage rooms, etc.) (b) Handling ashore (i) proper methods of unloading the catch (ii) re-icing prior to sale as fresh fish (iii) re-icing prior to processing (iv) re-icing prior to auction (v) handling of products frozen at sea 2. Requirements for plants and equipment (a) sanitation (b) disinfection Il. PROCESSING PRACTICES 1. Freezing and storage of frozen products 2. Canning 3. Curing (salting, smoking, marinating) September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 Ill. PRACTICES OF QUALITY CONTROL IV. STANDARDS 1. Standards of composition (a) definition (b) designation (c) quality requirements (d) permitted additions (e) marking and labeling 2. Methods of sampling, analysis and examination needed for control of each standard In general, the Committee felt that the Fisheries Division of FAO should be responsible for elaborating the skeleton Code of Practice. However, in order to achieve that task, the Committee felt that specified countries or or- gore ’ ganizations should be asked to help in the pre- paration of the Code. The exceptions are as follows: a. With respect to antimicrobials and other ice additives, the Committee requested the Director-General to request the Codex Alimentarius Expert Committee on Food Ad- ditives, under the chairmanship of the Nether- lands Government, to look into the whole ques- tion of the use of antibiotics in ice for the pre- servation of fish with a view to determining whether the technological considerations are sufficient to justify the establishment of a tolerance for their use, subject to appropriate ‘i ae toxicological examination by the Standing Joint Figs Seth S.D.f. Sider snepectonitet Texas tinip ending FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Addi- plant checks package of breaded shrimp at weighing station of tives. the production line. b. With respect to requirements for plants and equipment, the Committee recommended that the questions of sanitation and disinfection be considered by the Codex Alimentarius Ex- pert Committee on Food Hygiene, under the chairmanship of the United States. The Commit- tee, therefore, requested the Director-General to ask the Expert Committee on Food Hygiene to include in its program problems of sanitation and disinfection for fish processing plants. c. With respect to freezing and storage of frozen products, the Committee felt that the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) should be requested to develop that chapter of the Code in collaboration with OECD. d. With respect to processing practices for canning, the Committee noted the program now in hand with OECD on this subject and felt that OECD should be asked to develop that chapter of the Code. e. With respect to curing, the Committee felt that this subject should be broken down in- to the following subdivisions and the development work allocated as indicated: 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Process Country Salting Iceland Smoking Netherlands Marinating Germany Regarding fermented products, it was agreed that this subject Should be referred to the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council for consideration and the development of a Code if they felt that sufficient material was available for a chapter. The Committee considered in detail a skeleton model which had been drawn up by the FAO Secretariat for the elaboration of international standards for fish and fishery products. The model standard agreed upon is as follows: I. STANDARD OF COMPOSITION (The example taken is that of a canned product). Definition The fish shall be defined by the Latin name of the genus and species to which it belongs (Binominal nomenclature), e.g. "canned tuna is the processed flesh of fish of the species listed. . . Designation Name of product e. g., grated tuna in oil. Quality requirements Minimum requirements for content (a) requirements concerning fish, e. g., appearance, freshness, color, etc. (b) form of pack, e. g., solid pack, chunks, flakes, grated Grades e.g. Fancy Grade or Grade A Standard Grade Grade B Commercial Grade Permitted additions (a) substances added for other purposes (eventually food additives which will be in- cluded in the Codex Permitted List now in preparation). (b) packing media, e. g., type of oil used, brine, etc. (c) other ingredients. Marking and labeling The outside of packages shall bear the following information clearly described: (a) designation - e.g. chunks (b) ingredients September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 (c) weight or count (d) origin of finished product - e.g. country, manufacturer, packer, etc. II. METHODS OF SAMPLING, ANALYSIS AND EXAMINATION NEEDED FOR CONTROL OF THIS STANDARD (a) examination of cans - e.g. seaming (b) bacteriological examination - e.g. routine incubation (c) chemical examination - e.g. salt, fat, acidity (d) organoleptic examination (e) sampling The Committee proposed that the following steps should be followed in drafting standards on this model: a. A first draft would be prepared by the "author" country or organization proposed in the following table;against each standard (if the FAO Secretariat should be unable to make the arrangements suggested with those countries or organizations, the Committee urged it to make such other appropriate arrangements as might be necessary to expedite this work) and sent to the FAO Fisheries Division which would then distribute it for comment to other in- terested countries. b. The comments of those countries would then be sent to the FAO Secretariat for con- solidation and transmission to the ''author" country. ec. The "author" country or organization would then prepare a revised draft in the light of the comments and send it to the FAO Secretariat. d. The second draft would then be distributed by the Secretariat to interested countries for further comment. e. This procedure would be continued until substantial agreement had been reached upon the draft. f. At that stage, the Committee felt that the draft could best be considered by a Codex Alimentarius Expert Committee which the Codex Alimentarius Commission might wish to set up. g. The draft approved by that Committee of Experts would then be sent to the Codex Ali- mentarius Commission and thereafter handled by the normal agreed procedures of that Com- mission. The countries or organizations which the Committee felt should be invited to undertake the preparation of the preliminary draft of the standards (i.e. ''author''’ countries or organi- zations) are as follows: CANNED PRODUCTS "AUTHOR" COUNTRY Herring in tomato sauce OECD Sardine in tomato sauce OECD Herring in oil OECD Sardine in oil OECD Tuna in brine or oil Japan Bonito in brine or oil Peru 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CANNED PRODUCTS (Contd.) Mackerel in brine or oil Pacific salmon Shrimp: (i) Paeneus (ii) Crangon FROZEN PRODUCTS Frozen tuna as raw material for further processing Frozen herring as raw material for further processing Frozen fillets of Atlantic cod, haddock, and ocean perch (Sebastes) Frozen Pacific salmon Frozen crustaceans CURED PRODUCTS Salted herring Salted cod, etc. Vol. 26, No. 9 "AUTHOR" COUNTRY (Contd.) Portugal Canada U.S.A. Federal Republic of Germany Japan Norway United Kingdom Canada France Netherl nds Canada The Committee requested the Secretariat, when inviting countries or organizations to draft those standards to seek as far as possible ' 'trading" standards. Trading" standards are fon purposes of aiding in orderly trade in the commodity as contras ‘ed to consumer- Fig. 4 - U.S.D.1. fishery inspector in a Texas shrimp breading plant checks the grade of breaded shrimp. oriented standards. They aim at establishing a norm for the commodity, but do not preclude negotiation for sale of a below-the-norm com- modity at a lesser price. The United States Government has sup- ported the Codex Alimentarius Commission from its inception and has taken an active role. In fact, Deputy Commissioner John Harvey of the Food and Drug Administration chaired that Commission's meeting at Geneva in February 1963, and at Rome in June of 1963. Since the United States has a rather comprehensive pro- gram of national food standards it is in a posi- tion to provide a significant impact for the de- velopment of international "trading" standards. Those standards willhelp the United States in its current program of trade expansion aboard, and they will also provide guidelines for pro- duction by developing countries of products acceptable in world trade channels. The fishing industry should be interested in the program in that it will have a bearing on our export and import business in the future. The procedures described provide ample op- portunity for comment on the fishery products standards as they are developed. The accept- ance of any standard published by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for use is entirely voluntary and each country can elect to use it or not. However, with these new international tools there is reason to believe the goals set down by the Commission can be reached: 1. Promotion of trade in food. 2. Stimulation of food standards work in developing countries. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 3. Protection of the consumer's health. 4. Promotion of fair practices in food trade. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1962. Report of Joint FAO/WHO Conference on Food Standards, 1964, Report of Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commis- Geneva, October. sion Committee of Experts on International Standards for Fish and Fishery Products, Rome, Italy, February 18- 1963. Report of First Session of Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimen- 20. tarius Commission, Rome, Italy, July. Sse THE TRUE DOLPHIN KNOWN FOR SPEED AND FIGHTING SPIRIT Two marine species in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico have the same name-- dolphin. One is the bottle-nosed mammal sometimes called porpoise. The other is the true dolphin, a beautiful and spectacular game fish. The dolphin, or dorado, is re- splendently colored with hues of lilac, sea greens andemerald pastels mingled with purplish golds. Leaping high into the air when snared, this fish displays those colors with each surge. These repeated leaps of 10 to 20 feet are remarkable demonstra- tions of the dolphin's fighting spirit. Dolphins are most often caught by trolling slowly in rather deep waters off reefs or in bays. The young occur inshallow waters, but the mature fish usually prefer the openseas. These fish are noted for their very great speed and their streamlined body design. The average size dolphinis about 2 or 3feet long, and they are said to prey on flyingfish. Dolphins are also famed for unusual and rapid change of color at death. Their colors may change from yellow to green to blue to violet in a matter of minutes. (Alabama Conservation, December-January 1964.) 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Alaska FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES IN BERING SEA, JUNE 1964: There was an increase in foreign fishing activity off Alaska during June 1964. By the end of that month, some 400 Soviet and Japa- nese vessels were fishing in the area. U.S.S.R.: KING CRAB FISHERY: A tan- gle-net fishery for king crab was the only ma- jor Soviet effort in the eastern Bering Sea during June--an area of intense Soviet fish- eries during the winter and early spring peri- ods. The factoryships Pavel Chebotnyagin, Konstantin Sukhanov, and Vasiliy Blyukher, each accompanied by at least two tangle-net setting trawlers, were concentrating on the Continental Shelf north of the Alaska Penin- sular from Unimak Pass to near Port Heiden. The limited Soviet fishery for shrimp located northwest of the Pribilof Islands during May 1964 had apparently been abandoned. TRAWL FISHERY: The major Soviet fish- ery off Alaska had their trawling fleet fishing primarily for Pacific ocean perch in the Gulf of Alaska. That fishery, which began near Yakutat in March, shifted to the west with the major concentration during June cen- tered on Albatross Bank south of Kodiak Is- land. About 90 trawlers, 15 freezerships, 3 factoryships, and associated support vessels were included in the Albatross fleet. Asmall- er Soviet trawling fleet of about 25 trawlers and 4 freezerships was operating on Portlock Bank east of Kodiak. Frequent observations of the catches by the Soviet trawling fleet near Kodiak continue to indicate they were taking large quantities of Pacific ocean perch, with very little incidental catches of other species such as halibut and king crab. WHALING: In mid-June, the massive whale factoryship Sovetskaya Rossiya, ac- companied by at least 11 whale killer vessels, was observed actively engaged in whaling off Cape Spencer in southeast Alaska. The Ros- Fig. 1 - Soviet trawler operating in North Pacific and Bering Sea. Vessel under way with all nets aboard. siya was built in 1961, is over 700 feet long, of 32,000 gross tons, and carries a helicopter aboard. It was believed she was returning from the whaling season in the Antarctic, tak- ing additional whales en route to her home port of Vladivostok. Japan: SHRIMP FISHERY: The Japanese factoryship Chichibu Maru, with 12 accom- September 1964 panying trawlers, which was engaged ina shrimp fishery generally north of the Pribilof Islands throughout the year was reported to have returned to Japan for repairs. She is scheduled to return to the eastern Bering Sea during August. A second shrimp factoryship, the Einin Maru, also with 12 trawlers, was still in the area generally north of the Prib- ilofs during June. KING CRAB FISHERY: King crab fishing by the Japanese involving the factoryships Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru was centered in the area off Port Moller during June. Each of the factoryships was accompanied by 6 trawler-type vessels for handling the tangle nets. LONG-LINE FISHERY: The Japanese long- line fishery, specifically for halibut in the eastern Bering Sea, apparently was abandoned due to disappointing catches. At last report the Kotoshiro Maru No. 25 with one accom- panying long-liner shifted its operations to near the Siberian coast. The factoryship Fuji Maru No. 3 was reported to have returned to Japan. The 5 long-line fishing vessels ac- companying the fae Maru No. 3 were to be assigned to the Seifu Maru fleet. aS Fig. 2 - Cleaning and packing compartment aboard a Japanese factoryship. FISH-MEAL FISHERY: A total of 4 Japa- nese fish-meal and oil producing fleets were operating in the eastern Bering Sea during June. The factoryships Hoyo Maru and Gyo- kuei Maru, with 30 trawlers assigned to each, were operating on the "flats" of outer Bristol Bay from Unimak Pass to the area east of the Pribilof Islands. The factoryship Tenyo Maru with 28 trawlers was joined by another fish- meal and oil fleet of the factoryship Soyo Maru, also with 28 trawlers. Throughout most of June those 2 fleets have operated in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 the general vicinity of Unimak Pass on the Bering Sea side. The factoryship Seifu Maru licensed with 28 trawler vessels also appear- ed near Unimak Pass in late May. Officials aboard the Seifu told members of a United States boarding party that their catches had been poor and that they were moving to the Siberian coast. The shift to other waters ap- parently had been made as the Seifu fleet was not sighted in the eastern Bering Sea during June. WHALING: Whaling operations were con- ducted by 3 Japanese fleets near Alaska dur- ing June. The factoryship Kyokuyo Maru was believed to be operating near Amchitka Pass in the mid-Aleutians with another fleet, pos- sibly the Nitto Maru, further eastward near Amukta Pass, west of Umnak Island. A whale killer, which in 1963 was assigned to the Kinjo Maru fleet, was sighted several times during June off southeast Alaska in the region gen- erally west of Baranof Island. EXPLORATORY FISHING: The Japanese trawlers Taiyo Maru No. 81 and Tenryu Maru "exploratory fishing in the Gulf of Alaska during the month were joined by 2 others, the factory stern trawler Akebono Maru No. 51 and the smaller side trawler Kohoku Maru No. 2. Those 4 of 6 such vessels to engage in Gulf of Alaska "exploratory" fishing were concentrated in the area east of the Trinity Islands, southwest of Kodiak. The factory trawlers Akebono No. 51 and Taiyo No. 81 were reported seeking Pacific ocean perch primarily, while the side trawlers Tenryu and Kohoku No. 2 were mainly looking for shrimp. KODIAK FIRM PROCESSES DUNGENESS CRAB: It was reported that a cold-storage plantin Kodiak would employ from 40 to 50 women to help process Dungeness crab at that plant. During June, 12 women were working at the shaking tables. The firm has been shipping large quantities of fresh cooked Dungeness crab meat to other states where the supply is limited. ste tel he KOK KOK OK SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SALMON PURSE-SEINE SEASON OPENED JULY 1: The Alaska Department of Fish and Game announced in June that Districts 4, 12, and 14 were to be open for purse seining on July 1 12 for two days' fishing beginning at 6:00 a.m., July 1, and ending at 6:00 p.m., July 2. Test fishing had indicated that southeastern Alaska may-.have one of the best chum salmon sea- sons in recent years. Chum were the domi- nant species in almost all of the test fishing areas from Ketchikan to Icy Strait. OK OK OK A HALIBUT PRICES RISE IN JUNE: Halibut ex-vessel prices continued to rise in June at Ketchikan. Late ex-vessel sales were as high as 24.5 cents a pound for medi- um and large fish, and 12 cents for chicken halibut. OK OK OK XK PINK SALMON OFF SOUTHEAST ALASKA COAST: High-seas fishing and tagging by Canadian and United States vessels indicated that a large concentration of pink salmon were lying off the coast of southeastern Alaska on June 10. Whether those fish were bound for south- eastern Alaska or points farther south was not known at the time. OK KK BUTTER CLAM DIGGING FEASIBLE DESPITE EARTHQUAKE: A 2-week survey of the effect of the March 27 earthquake on shellfish resources showed in part that in spite of the beds subsiding 4 feet and a substantial reduction of exposed clam beach, commercial digging for butter clams was still feasible in Kasitsna Bay. In- dications were that there was little harmful effects generally upon king crab, Dungeness crab, or shrimp. Although some crab pots for both species were lost because of silta- tion, razor clam beds on the Kenai Peninsula and the Alaska Peninsula did not seem to be severely damaged. The amount of loss of razor clam beaches on the Copper River flats caused by a 6-foot rise in land elevation had not yet been accurately determined, but it was not expected to be of major proportions. OK OK OK OK DUNGENESS CRAB REPORTED PLENTIFUL OFF CAPE FAIRWEATHER: A fishery firm in Douglas sent 5 vessels to the Cape Fairweather area during June. Heavy catches of large Dungeness crab were taken throughout the month. It was reported COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 that by the end of the month, 200,000 pounds of "prime" crab had been produced from that area. One vessel reportedly landed over 50,000 pounds. Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program UNDERWATER TELEVISION USED FOR LOCATING KING CRAB: M/V “Paragon” Cruise 64-1 (May 25-June 15, 1964): eee television (UTV) equip- ment was tested as a method for locating con- centrations of king crab off Kodiak Island, A- laska, during this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered explora- tory fishing vessel Paragon. Specializede- quipment included a compact (18-inch by 3- inch diameter) UTV camera and 1,000-watt mercury vapor light mounted within a protec- tive frame, 500-feet of cable, and a 17-inch monitor from which 16 millimeter movies and still photos were taken. To make observations, the UTV camera, light, and cable were suspended from a trawl wire and the vessel was allowed to drift. The apparatus was lowered to within 3 to 6 feet of the bottom at most stations. When visibility through the water was good, the camera could be raised to obtain an increased field of view. At 6 feet, an area about 3 feet by 4 feet was included in the field of view. The length of time spent at each station was determined by weather conditions, con- figuration of the bottom, water clarity, and Adult king crab as viewed on shipboard television monitor Quring M/V Paragon Cruise 64-1 (May 25-June 15, 1964). September 1964 number of crabs seen. At some locations, up to 3 hours were spent viewing the bottom. Although the speed of drift varied because of tide and wind conditions, distances up to one mile were surveyed between the starting and ending points of individual stations. ‘ A variety of stations were observed with bottom types ranging from mud.to large boul- ders in depths from 4 to 60 fathoms. During investigations at 44 individual locations ad- jacent to Afognak, Raspberry, and Kodiak Is- lands, significant quantities of king crabwere observed at only 2 stations. On June 4, in Raspberry Straits, numerous king crab were observed at depths of 8 to 10 fathoms. An es- timated concentration of 50 adult crabs was seen on the screen at one time. Off Uganik Cape, Kodiak Island, a concentration of adult king crab was observed in 18 fathoms. One group of at least 50 closely-packed individu- als was seen as were lesser aggregations. An estimated total of 200 king crab was seen at that station. At least one crab was seen at most of the other stations and as many as 30 to 40 scat- tered crabs were viewed at a station in the Alitak Bay area. Dungeness crab, shrimp, cod, flatfish and other marine life were observed frequently during the experiments. Plankton and sus- pended matter in the water limited the effec- tive field of view. Conditions during other seasons with plankton less abundant would enhance the potential of underwater television in prospecting for crabs. Bottom resources of wide areas of the continental shelf off A- laska are only poorly known. The demon- strated ability of UTV for locating king crab, shrimp, and other marine life indicates its possible application in future exploratory surveys. Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research SHELLFISH EXPLORATIONS STARTED BY RESEARCH VESSEL ''PARAGON": On June 16, the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries chartered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon started shellfish explora- tions from Kodiak westward. As a warm-up, one haul of 1,200 pounds of 16-21 count COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 (heads-on) sidestripe shrimp was taken in Marmot Bay, off Kodiak. In addition, a near- by drag with an 8-foot scallop dredge yielded 4 bushels of up to 73-inch scallops. KOK OK oe 2k KING CRAB TAGGING: The king crab fishery began to operate in June in the Kodiak area aftera 2-month period of inactivity. The first researchcharter cruise of the season by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries started in late May and continued until June 15. Fishing for crab with trawls and conventional crab pots at 11 locations in the Portlock Bank area yielded 3,560 king crab. Over 3,000 of those crabs were tagged and released. Botulism Research FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE FORMED TO COORDINATE RESEARCH: A permanent Federal Government commit- tee, called the Interagency Botulism Research Coordinating Committee (IBRCC), was formed recently as a result of a meeting held in Feb- ruary 1964 of officials of various Federal Government agencies in Washington, D. C. Members of IBRCC are from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of Sport Fish- eries and Wildlife, Public Health Service, Atomic Energy Commission, and the Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of the committee is to (1) co- ordinate exchange of information, (2) coordi- nate to the degree possible interagency re- search programs, and (3) to serve as consul- tants in the field on current and projected Government research programs on Cl. botu- linum. Although the scope of interest of the agencies represented are applicable to all food products, priority attention was being given to fishery products. The coordinated reports of this committee will provide an up- to-date review of the botulism research field and its direct application to the fishing in- dustry. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW California COMMERCIAL SHRIMP QUOTA OFF CRESCENT CITY-EUREKA AREA INCREASED: The shrimp quota in Area A, off the coast of the Crescent City-Eureka area, Calif., was raised to one million pounds at a special meeting of the California Fish and Game Commission in Sacramento July 13, 1964. The quota, which affects landings, was raised from the 500,000-pound limit set June 26 in San Francisco, and was in accordance witha survey of the Area A shrimp grounds made by the Department of Fish and Game and rep- resentatives of the commercial shrimp in- dustry. The survey showed there was about 2.2 million pounds of shrimp in the Area A grounds, which is about 50 miles square. Al- though the 2.2 million pounds is more than was found during the preceding preseason sur- vey, the Department pointed out that it is only half the shrimp population of last year (1963). The Commission asked the Department to continue monitoring the shrimp population in Area A and to report the latest findings to the Commission at its August 28, 1964, meet- ing scheduled in Sacramento. The Commis- sion indicated that should the findings be dif- ferent from those of the last survey, the quota might be raised or lowered, depending on the evidence presented. (California Department of Fish and Game, July 18, 1964.) 3K Ok ok ok OK PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: Airplane Spotting Flight 64-11-Pelagic Fish (June 15-17, 1964): To determine the inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the inshore area from Point Conception to the United States -Mexican Bor- der was surveyed from the air by the Cali- fornia Department of Fish and Game Cessna "182" N9042T. roe ae On June 15 the area from Point Vicente to Huntington Beach was scouted but visibil- ity was very poor and no fish schools were sighted. The following day, the area from Point Vicente to the United States -Mexican Border was covered. It was observed that "red tide" conditions prevailed along the shoreline from the western Los Angeles - Long Beach harbor area to Dana Point. Only Vol. 26, No. 9 Point Conception Santa Barbara Point Legend: A - Anchovy school. & - Red tide. Pelagic fish survey Flight 64-11, June 15-17, 1964. 10 northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) schools were Sighted. On the last day of the survey the area from Point Conception to Dana Point was scouted. Large concentrations of anchovies (638 small schools) were sighted between Point Dume and Santa Barbara Point, mainly in the Ventura- Port Hueneme area. From Santa Barbara Point to Point Conception 89 small anchovy schools were seen. ''Red tides'' prevailed be- tween Dana Point and Point Dume. A total of 26 anchovy schools were sighted in that area. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 11. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products January-May 1964: A total of 1,100,953 base boxes of steel and aluminum was con- sumed to make cans shipped to fish and shell- fish canning plants in January-May 1964, a decrease of 8.7 percent from the 1,205,362 base boxes used during the same period in September 1964 1963. The decline was due partially to a drop in the canning of jack mackerel and Maine sardines. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" in size. Ton- nage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 23.5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor 21.8 base box- es per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum cans for pack- ing fishery products is small. egtS “Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRA PHIC STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “Townsend Cromwell” Cruise 4 (May 14-June 5, 1964): This was the fourth ina series of oceanographic cruises to determine rates of change in the distribution of proper- ties in the trade wind zone of the central Legend: © - Hydrographic station. e - BT station, a - Plankton tow. ---- - Subtropical convergence. @ - Number of feeding bird flocks sighted. Cruise track chart of M/V Townsend Cromwell Cruise 4 (May 14- June 5, 1964) showing contours of 20° isotherm depth. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 North Pacific. The research vessel Town- send Cromwell, of the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, operated in an area of the Central North Pacific Ocean bounded by lati- tudes 10° N., 27° N. and longitudes 148° W.., 158° W. during this cruise. A total of 43 oceanographic stations were occupied along the cruise track (chart) during this cruise. At each station temperatures and samples for salinity analysis were obtainedat 20 depths to 1,500 meters. Bathythermograms (BT) were obtained at 30-mile intervals along the cruise track. Be- tween stations 19 and 21, 26 and 28, 35 and 37, BT casts were made at 10-mile intervals. The BT data were coded and transmitted four times daily to Fleet Numerical Weather Facil- ity, Monterey, Calif. Surface bucket temper- atures and water samples for salinity analysis were obtained at each BT observation. At station 33, subsurface currents were measured at depths of 10, 25, 50 and 75 me- ters, using an Ekman meter, while drifting relative to a parachute drogue set at 1,200 meters. Ten plastic enclosed drift cards were re- leased at 30-mile intervals along the entire cruise track. Drift cards also were released hourly along the track between Kahului and 18°30! N. latitude and between oceanographic station 42 and Honolulu. Standard marine weather observations were made and transmitted daily at 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 GMT. Colored photographs of cloud formations were taken each day. No solar radiation meas- urements were taken because the pyrhelio- meter was inoperative. One-half hour surface plankton tows were made using a 1-meter net at 2000 daily. Flyingfish collected from the vessel's deck were preserved in formalin. A standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was kept by vessel personnel during daylight hours. In addition, observers aboard the vessel from the Smithsonian Institution kept their own watch for birds. Preliminary inspection of the vertical tem- perature profiles during this cruise indicated that, in general, a relaxation of the current flow and a warming of the surface waters had 16 been taking place shortly before the beginning of this cruise. The eddies in the area were less pronounced than in the previous cruises and the general westward flow-pattern was weaker and more regular as deduced from geostropic interpretations of the 20° isotherm depths. The warming effect was seen as a gradual northward creeping of surface iso- therm and a shallowing of the mixed layer depth. Surface temperatures ranged from 27- C. (80.6° F.) in the southern portion of the cruise area to 22° C. (71.6° F.) in the northeastern portion. A feature which became more pronounced during this cruise was the rapid southward rise in surface temperature of 0.5°C. (32.99 F.) or more per 30 miles beginning at 15° N. latitude. Coresponding with that temperature rise was the formation of a sharp near-sur- face thermocline which deepened rapidly and finally merged with the main thermocline. Numerous feeding birds were seen in associ- ation with those features. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 17. ke oe Ok KE OK "ANTON BRUUN" PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION: With the completion of Cruise 5 of the o- ceanographic research vessel Anton Bruun in June 1964, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Hawaii completed the field aspects of its participa- tion in the International Indian Ocean Expedi- tion. The Laboratory's program was car- ried out in conjunction with and as part of the United States Program in Biology as coordinated by the Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution. The Laboratory was responsible for the planning and execution of four cruises of the Anton Bruun that included studies of the de- mersal fish and invertebrate resources in the Bay of Bengal from March to May 1963 (Cruise 1), and in the Arabian Sea from Nov- ember to December 1963 (Cruise 4B); and studies of the pelagic fish resources in the central and western Indian Ocean from May to July 1963 (Cruise 2), and from January to May 1964 (Cruise 5). In the survey of the demersal fish and in- vertebrate resources of the Bay of Bengal (Cruise 4B), a total of 86 successful hauls was made with the Gulf of Mexico shrimp COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 participating in the International Indian Ocean Expedition, in Bombay Harbor, India. trawl. On Cruise 2, long-line fishing was carried out at 33 stations which were spaced at intervals along longitude 70° BE. between latitudes 18° N. to 37° S. and along longitude 80° E. from latitudes 30° S. to 029 N. On Cruise 5, a total of 38 long-line fishing sta- tions was occupied along longitude 55° E. from latitudes 10° N. to 36° S. and along long- itude 75° E. from latitudes 43° S. to 049 N. An indication of the excellent performance of the Anton Bruun in fishing was that on several occasions the long-line gear was hauled in successfully in rough seas (12 to 20 feet) and strong winds (30 to 35 knots). Cruise 5 gives an indication of the diver- sity of the scientific program carried out on board the vessel. A total of 26 fishermen, technicians, and scientists participated on that cruise. In addition to the Bureau's pro- gram and the basic observations scheduled by the Program in Biology, other interests represented among the scientific party in- cluded studies on marine birds, medusae, parasitic copepods and helminths, plankton and dinoflagellate physiology, plankton ecol- ogy, and meteorology. A typical work day during the cruise started at 0500 hours when 50 baskets of long-line gear were set. While the gear was ''soaking,'’ the following activities were carried out in the vicinity of the drifting fishing gear: 1 1. A hydrographic cast down to 2,000 me- ters (6,562 feet); measurements made of the salinity, oxygen, phosphate, and silicates; 2. A vertical plankton net tow from 200 meters (656 feet) to the surface using the standard Indian Ocean net; 3. A vertical 200 meters to the surface micro-plankton net tow for phytoplankton studies. September 1964 4. Water samples from various depths for purposes of primary productivity studies and phytoplankton pigment studies; 5. A multiple plankton net tow using the Bé nets which permit sampling simultaneous - ly the zooplankton fauna at various depths ranging from the surface down to 2,000 me- ters. 6. High-level weather observations made with Radiosonde balloons. The hauling-in of the long-line gear com- menced at about 1300 hours. Depending on the size of the catch, hauling took from 2 to 3 hours. Because of the high freeboard of the Anton Bruun, the large fish were hoisted on board ina 8 x 4-foot rectangular net. Hoisting of the net was done with a hydraulic boom. Each fish when landed was identified and length and weight measurements taken. The external body surfaces were examined for parasitic copepods and parasitic trema- todes. When present, those parasites were preserved for later detailed studies. Other biological material collected in- cluded: (1) guts and gills of fish which were preserved for later examination for trema- tode parasites, (2) preservation of ovaries for maturation studies, (3) preservation of stomach contents of fish for food studies, and (4) collection of blood samples from tuna for Subpopulation studies. A number of whole specimens were also preserved for taxono- mic studies. After hauling had been com- pleted, the Anton Bruun then commenced on a run to the next station. Generally, an at- tempt was made to cover 135 to 140 nautical miles. During the course of the run, bathy- thermograph casts were made at 3-hour in- tervals to obtain temperature data and at 2000 hours the vessel was slowed down in order to take a surface and an oblique plank- ton haul. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 16. ey. pet ok, rt QT POH uF ae aire Chesapeake Bay CHESAPEAKE RESEARCH COUNCIL ORGANIZED: The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the University of Maryland, and the Chesapeake Bay Institute of Johns Hopkins University COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 have organized the Chesapeake Research Council. In discussing the purpose of the Council, the Director of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science said, ''This organization of the three primary research institutions con- cerned with the estuarine waters of Chesapeake Bay and the ocean waters off the coast of Vir- ginia and Maryland will allow for a coordinated approach to common problems. It provides a framework within which we can effectively cooperate in programs concerning all three agencies." The Chesapeake Research Council will hold ‘its first full meeting in January 1965. At that time staff members of the three research in- stitutions will summarize their present re- search programs and consider matters of mu- tual interest. The Chesapeake Biological Lab- oratory has been conducting research on Mar- yland's marine resources since 1927, and the Chesapeake Bay Institute has been engaged in studies of marine waters throughout Maryland and Virginia for the past 16 years. The pro- gram of the Virginia Instititue of Marine Sci- ence was started in 1940. The three institutions have always worked closely together on common problems in the past. Scientists from the three institutions established the Atlantic Estuarine Research Society in 1949 for the express purpose of exchanging ideas and reporting their research programs. That organization, however, has become so large, embracing members from Maine to Florida, that it seemed wise tocreate another smaller organization for specific work around Chesapeake Bay. Because of the uni- fied nature of the Chesapeake Bay and the Vir- ginian sea portion of the Atlantic, and because many of the problems in the area are ofa long-term nature, scientists have sound rea- sons for approaching their investigations ina cooperative manner. (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, July 21, 1964.) Clams RESEARCH BY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND: Nine bushels of the world's most expensive quahogs (clams), valued at about $1,750, have been placed at the bottom of Narragansett Bay, R.I., with a University of Rhode Island "brand'' on them. In the middle of each of the 18 3,500 quahogs is a red plastic disk with the notation on the perimeter: ''Narragansett Marine Lab., Kingston, R.1."" The center of the half-inch disk carries the word 'Reward" and an identifying number. If returned to the University of Rhode Island with the half of the shell to which they are attached, the disks will be worth 50 cents each. Thus, the total value of the quahogs is based on the return of each of the 3,500 spec- imens with a 50-cent reward for each indivi- dual return. The recovered quahogs will help in devel- oping some definite information about har- vesting and growth rates of shellfish under varying underwater conditions around Nar- ragansett Bay. An Associate Professor of Oceanography at the University urges the pub- lic to return the shell-half with the tag on it, but not to send the entire quahog through the mail. (Source: University of Rhode Is- land--reprinted from National Oceanographic Data Center Newsletter, May 31, 1964.) Federal Aid PACIFIC NORTHWEST STATES RECEIVE FUNDS FOR FISHERIES PROGRAM: Pacific Northwest States will receive $1,915,900 in Federal aid funds for construc- tion, operation, and maintenance of fishery facilities, stream improvement, and opera- tional studies in 1964/65 fiscal year under the Columbia River Fishery Development Program, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries announced July 17, 1964. The States of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho will share the Federal money as part of the pro- gram aimed at improving anadromous fish runs of the Columbia River and its tribu- taries, said the Bureau's Regional Director at Seattle, Wash. The major portion of the total is an allo- cation of $989,000 for operation and mainten- ance of 8 salmon and steelhead hatcheries in Washington and 7 in Oregon which were either built or remodeled with Federal funds but are operated by the states. This allotment in- cludes $412,000 for 6 salmon hatcheries op- erated by the Washington Department of Fish- eries; $145,000 for 2 steelhead hatcheries operated by the Washington Department of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Game; $380,000 for 6 salmon hatcheries op- erated by the Oregon Fish Commission; and $52,000 for the Oregon Game Commission's Gnat Creek steelhead hatchery near Astoria. Those three States also will receive $48,000 for stream improvement and $98,000 for fish screen maintenance, plus $181,000 for their work in cooperation with "Operation Fin Clip," the Bureau's massive appraisal program which is being conducted over a 10-year per- iod to evaluate the contribution of the hatch- eries to the fish runs. A total of $198,000 is allocated for con- struction, of which $75,000 will be contracted to Idaho for 26 fish screens on the Salmon River and its tributaries; $67,000 to Oregon for a new pipeline and rearing pond at Big Creek hatchery near Astoria; and $28,000 each to Oregon and Washington for facilities to re- move log jams and debris from various streams. A sum of $300,000 is being earmarked by the Bureau for operational studies by the fish- ery agencies of the three States and their re- spective universities. Included in that phase of the program are a study on selective breed- ing of salmon and steelhead by the University of Washington, an investigation by Oregon State University of factors involved in the transition which takes place in young salmon as they move from fresh to salt water, and re- search by the University of Idaho on develop- ment of a toxic material which would eliminate trash fish and predators without harming salm- on. The various State fishery agencies are also planning a number of other research pro- jects. Fish Kills MORE FISH KILLS IN LOUISIANA INVESTIGATED: x A series of new fish kills in Louisiana's sug- ar-cane growing areas are being investigated, announced the U.S. Public Health Service, De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) on July 10, 1964. The State of Louisi- ana water-pollution control agency reported fish kills in 5 bayous and canals in Southern Louisiana during a single week this past June and Public Health Service scientists were at- tempting to determine the cause of those kills. September 1964 State officials had previously requested the Public Health Service to give technical assistance in the lower Mississippi to locate, identify, and abate all sources of pesticide pollution. The team investigating the later fish kills was operating under that agreement. The request for technical assistance was made in April 1964 after the Public Health Service and the State of Louisiana announced that toxic synthetic organic materials appear- ed to have caused the large fish kills in the lower Mississippi River. A four-State water-pollution enforcement conference called by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, in New Orleans in May found that the pesticide endrin was the cause of the massive fish kills during the fall and winter of 1963 and that industrial opera- tions at Memphis, Tenn., were sources of endrin discharge into the Mississippi River. HEW officials pointed out that the water from the bayous and canals involved in the later Louisiana fish kills does not flow into the Mississippi or the Atchafalaya Rivers where the massive fish kills took place last fall and winter. The bayous and canals involved were: Grand Bayou, Bayou Blach, Theriot Canal, Bayou Chevreuil, and Company Canal. (Pub- lic Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, July 10, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 74. SY Flatfish NORTH PACIFIC MIGRATIONS OF HALIBUT AND SOLE: A halibut tagged near Kodiak, Alaska, in July 1951 was recovered over 1,400 miles away off Tillamook Rock in northern Oregon waters in August 1952, according to the Ore- gon Fish Commission. Another halibut tag- ged off Unalaska, Alaska, in May 1959 was recovered off the southern Oregon coast in the vicinity of Cape Arago in September 1961, after traveling a minimum distance of 2,000 miles. That distance indicates an average rate of movement of about 75 miles a month. The 2 halibut are among the more than 100,000 that have been tagged since investiga - tions were begun under the sponsorship of the International Pacific Halibut Commission COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 A dart tag in position on a North Pacific halibut. in 1925. The movements of halibut and other species have important implications in fish- eries management. Tag recoveries have also indicated exten- sive migrations by other flatfish. In February 1960, the Oregon Fish Commission released 5,026 tagged petrale sole near Heceta Bank off the central coast of Oregon. Through A- pril 1964, a total of 340 of those fish had been recovered. The fish were recaptured from such widespread spots as southern Vancouver Island (British Columbia), Canada, about 360 miles northward,.to Trinidad Head, Calif., approximately 215 miles south of the tagging area. Slightly over half of the recoveries were within 30 miles of the tagging area, while the remainder were spread along 570 miles of the coastline of northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. English sole are also wanderers, accord- ing to the Oregon Fish Commission, travel- ling about the same distances as petrale sole, but with an apparent tendency to move toward northern waters. Dover sole apparently have a more limited range than English or petrale sole. In April 1955, for example, some 2,406 Dover sole were tagged and released by the Oregon Fish Commission west of Grays Harbor, Wash. Of the 284 recoveries as of mid-1964, only 10 were picked up at distances greater than 30 miles from the point of tagging. The maxi- mum migrations were by 2 fish captured off Vancouver Island, a distance of from 110-140 miles, and 1 off northern California, a distance of about 360 miles. (Source: Notes on Move- ments of Tagged Sole and Halibut, Oregon Fish Commission. Eee 20 Fur Seals PROCESSING CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: The U.S. Department of the Interior an- nounced July 17, 1964, the start of negotia- tions late in July 1964 with firms seeking a contract for processing Alaska sealskins for the United States Government. The three firms invited to participate in negotiations are: Superior Seal, Inc., Chicago, Ill., Pierre Laclede Fur Company, St. Louis, Mo., and Fouke Fur Company, Greenville, S.C. Each of the companies has been required to submit with its proposal to the Govern- ment, samples of processed furs for use ina three-phase evaluation program: (1) evalua- tion of the sealskins by a panel of experts from various Federal agencies, (2) physical and chemical tests conducted by the National Bureau of Standards, and (3) a marketability study based on garments manufactured from the sample sealskins. Each year the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries harvests some 80,000 fur seals on the Pribilof Islands in Alaska. The surplus animals are taken from a herd of about 1,500,000 animals which is managed under the terms of an international agreement with Canada, Japan, and the U.S.S.R. The agree- ment provides that Canada and Japan shall each receive 15 percent of the sealskins har- vested on the Pribilof Islands. Following curing of the sealskins on the Pribilofs by the Government, the skins are shipped to a processor who dresses and dyes them under contract. The furs are then sold at semiannual auctions for the account of the United States Government. At the last auction held in April 1964, the 2 types offurs into which Alaska seal are processed brought average prices of $90.60 and $48.82 perskin. Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research SCHEDULE OF FISHERY EXPLORATIONS IN LAKE SUPERIOR: The Lake Superior fisheries exploration and gear research program of the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries for Fiscal Year 1965 will include basic seasonal fishing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Surveys timed to significant production peri- ods. This is one phase of the ''Technical As- sistance Project for Providing Assistance and Other Services to the Commercial Fisheries Sector of the Lake Superior Economy." This is an Area Redevelopment Administration Project and that agency provided funds to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for an 18-month study involving technology, econom- ics, marketing, and exploratory fishing. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Kaho. Lake Superior operations of the Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel Kaho, based at Saugatuck, Mich., willbe confined for the most part east of Keweenaw Peninsula in Lake Su- perior and will consist of surveys to be made during three critical production periods in the Lake Superior commercial fishery. The surveys will be confined to a limited area so as to assure thorough enough coverage to per- mit an accurate evaluation of methods used. Cruise 18 by the Kaho (May 25-June 10, 1964) was made during the time of year when the inshore smelt-spawning-run fishery had just about finished and prices for chubs and lake herring (cisco) were declining while chub production in the lower lakes increased. The objectives of that cruise were: 1. Assessing area bottom conditions for suitability to otter (bottom) trawling. 2. Determining vertical and horizontal dis- tribution of fish concentrations as shown on depth sounder recordings. September 1964 3. Determining practicability of using ot- ter trawls for economical production of smelt, chubs, and lake herring during that period. 4. Testing midwater trawl for capturing midwater concentrations of fish if located. M/V Kaho cruise scheduled for August 4- 24, 1964: At this time of year smelt report- edly interfere with gill-net fisheries at 15- fathom depths off the east shore of Keweenaw Peninsula which may indicate smelt are avail- able to otter trawls in significant quantities. Objectives of this cruise will include: 1. Determining midsummer availability of smelt, chubs, and lake herring to trawls. 2. Following through on leads in areas west of Keweenaw Peninsula if time is avail- able. M/V Kaho cruise scheduled for November 6-25, 1964: At this time of year heavy pro- duction of lake herring with traditional gear is experienced. However, glut conditions soon develop and human food markets are quickly swamped. Although animal food markets will accept lake herring, traditional fishing gear cannot produce them profitably because of the limited landed value of animal food fish. Ob- jectives of this fishing survey will include: 1. Attempting to improve quality of lake herring produced during spawning season by catching with trawls or seines and utilizing improved holding systems --in cooperation with technological assistance. 2. Determining the practicability of uti- lizing otter trawls, midwater trawls, or lam- para seines for economical production of lake herring for animal food markets. Cruise reports on these surveys by the Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel Kaho will be published on completion of each. lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 23. 2 Wr Great Lakes Fishery Investigations SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AS OF JUNE 1964: The sea lamprey 1964 catch at Great Lakes assessment barriers continued at a somewhat higher level than in the previous 2 years. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | to the river. 21 take of spawning-run lampreys was 10,664 by June 26, 1964, compared to 9,948 in 1963 and 8,276 in 1962. The Brule River, Douglas County, Wis., contributed 58 percent of the total sea lampreys this season compared to 32 percent last year. The index barriers op- erated on 3 Green Bay streams have captured a total of 4,569 compared to 7,425 a yearear- lier. The index barrier in Pere Marquette River was shut down on June 14. The total number of sea lampreys was 678 for the sea- son. The Ocqueoc River barrier on Lake Huron captured 2,671 lampreys compared to 4,673 in 1963. SEA LAMPREY (Petromyzon marinus) “#@ MOUTH OF SEA LAMPREY The successful treatment of the Big Man- istee River, Manistee County, Mich., added the largest river yet to the growing list of streams to be treated in the United States. The stream discharge was 1,844 cubic feet per second (c.f.s.) and it required 31,392 pounds of lampricide (TFM) to complete the treatment. During the latter part of June the Ford River system, which drains into Green Bay, was treated. Sea lamprey ammocetes were distributed 90 miles upstream. How- ever, flows in the main stream and tributar- ies were sufficiently satisfactory to complete the treatment successfully. Chemical treat- ment of Cedar River, Menominee County, Mich., had to be stopped after 4 days of treat- ing in the headwaters when low-water dis- charge and high storage capacity of the main river pools prevented maintenance of lethal concentrations of TFM between access points It will be necessary to treat the main river between 100 and 200 c.f.s. of stream flow. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1964 p. 62; October 1963 p. 23; July 1963 p. 38. —— 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program TRAWLING SURVEY OFF THE CARIBBEAN COAST OF COLOMBIA: M/V Oregon Cruise 92 (May 4-June 17, 1964): An exploratory trawling survey off the Caribbean coast of Colombia was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Or- egon. This cruise completes the Bureau's — preliminary survey of the outer Continental Shelf and Slope zones of the Central Western Atlantic mainland between Cape Hatteras, N.C., and Fortaleza, Brazil--a linear dis- tance of some 7,200 miles. During this cruise shrimp trawling and dredging transects were made in all major trawlable areas between depths of 10 and 500 fathoms. pueTepbey, |, \, & ay inn y \ ny (COLOMBIA Vol. 26, No. 9 The survey gear used was 40- and 65-foot flat shrimp trawls fished on 6- and 8-foot trawl doors, and 5- and 6-foot tumbler dredges. Trolling lines were out during all daytime running, and monofilament gill-net sets were made on surface indications of Spanish mack- erel and tuna. Shrimp and other Crustaceans: Potential fishing grounds for brown-grooved shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) were located in the area between Pta. San Bernardo and the Gulf of Darien. An estimated 700 square miles of good trawling bottom was found in depths of 10 to 40 fathoms and nighttime dragging yield- ed varying catches of that species on alldrags. Working time in that area was limited, but two nights of double-rig trawling using a 40- "al H Hl Hi Marta ie i NY bb i 4} yanta Martaly MTT Ih i = mie y/ 40-ft. shrimp trawl. 65-ft. shrimp trawl. 6-ft. tumbler dredge. Gill net. Areas investigated during Cruise 92 of the M/V Oregon (May 4-June 17, 1964). September 1964 foot and 65-foot trawl simultaneously prod- uced about 540 pounds of heads-on brown shrimp with a few scattered Brazilianshrimp (P. braziliensis) mixed in the shallower catches. The 65-foot trawl yielded 350 pounds compared with 190 pounds for the 40-foot trawl. The shrimp were of mixed sizes, ranging from a heads-off count of 20 to 60 per pound, and they averaged 36-40 count. Royal-red shrimp (Hymenopenaeus robus- tus) were found in light concentrations be- tween 220 and 240 fathoms south of Santa Marta. A single catch of 50 pounds of royal- red off Cape la Vela indicateda potential fish- ing ground in that area, but extremely ad- verse sea conditions precluded further deep- water work in the region. The shrimp size was unusually large with the heads-off count averaging about 22 shrimp to the pound. Catches of lobsterette (Nephrops bing- hami) during the cruise of about 15 pounds per hour with the 40-foot trawl were made in the 170-190 fathom depth range. Snapper: Unusually large numbers of sev- eral species of snapper were taken in the shrimp trawling operation in depths less than 60 fathoms. Several commercially valuable species were observed--principally Lutjanus blackfordi and L. vivanus. Those observa- tions indicated good fishtrawling possibilities for snappers but no fish trawls were used on this cruise. Tuna and Mackerel: Heavy seas andstrong winds were encountered during most of the cruise and sea surface conditions were poor- ly suited to surface sightings. During the work off Colombia, only one day of ideal weather conditions was encountered. During the work in the area between Cape Aguja and Cape la Vela, numerous schools of very small blackfin tuna (estimated 3- to 2-pound size) were observed. A one-hour set with a 1,500- foot (by 60-foot deep) 6-inch mesh monofila- ment gill net yielded nothing. All of the fish observed were obviously too small for that mesh size. A single 4-pound blackfin was taken trolling. Several broadbill swordfish and blue marlin sightings were made in the same area. En route to Pascagoula, one day each was spent tuna scouting in the St. Andrews Island and Yucatan Channel areas. A few small schools were observed around St. Andrews, but the trolling catch was limited to a single COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 wahoo. No schools were observed in the Yu- catan Channel, but 30 blackfin (3 to 18 pounds each), 10 little tuna (Euthynnus alleterattus), and 20 runners (Elagatis bipinnulatus) were caught on trolling lines over a few hours at the south end of Arrowsmith Bank. On this cruise, an apparently uncharted flat-topped sea mount was discovered about 30 miles east of Cozumel Island. The top lev- eled smoothly at 150 fathoms covering anarea of more than 20 square miles. Extensive sounding transects were made of the area. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society, a series of 500 on-bottom 35 milli- meter color photographs were taken on this cruise along the 100-fathom curve in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 25. § ! Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus III" Cruise GUS-18 (June 17-28, 1964): Catches of brown shrimp were pre- dominant during this shrimp sampling cruise in the Gulf of Mexico by the chartered research vessel Gus III, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Tex. Eight statistical areas from off the Louisiana coast extending westward to Texas were covered, and standard 3-hour tows were made with a 45-foot shrimp trawl. The best catches of large brown shrimp counting 12-15 to the pound were from the over 20-fathom depth of area 16 (46 pounds) and area 18 (14 pounds). Area 18 also yielded MEXICO Station pattern for shrimp distribution studies by M/V Gus II, Cruise GUS-18. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 18 pounds of 15-20 white shrimp from the un- der 10-fathom depth, and 68 pounds of small (over 68 count) brown shrimp from 10-20 fath- oms. Area 19 yielded 83 pounds of brown shrimp (51-67 count) from 10-20 fathoms, and from the under 10-fathom range the yield was 16 pounds of 15-20 white shrimp and a small quantity of very small brown shrimp. A total of 56 pounds of small brown shrimp (51-67 count) was taken from area 20, most of it from 10-20 fathoms, anda smaller quan- tity of the same size from over 20 fathoms. During this cruise, 34 tows with a 45-foot flat trawl were made, 50 plankton tows, 45 bathythermograph, and 41 nansen casts. One of the shrimp trawl tows was made in :50 fathoms, but no shrimp were caught at that depth. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 28. Halibut NORTH PACIFIC HALIBUT LANDINGS, 1964 SEASON TO JULY 20, 1964: North Pacific halibut landings by United States and Canadian vessels during the 1964 fishing season to July 20, 1964, inclusive, totaled 13.1 million pounds in Area 2 and 22.2 million pounds in Area 3A, the Interna- tional Pacific Halibut Commission announced July 21, 1964. Loading a large halibut in the hold of a fishing vessel in the North Pacific. (Metal cans are used to save the livers.) Vol. 26, No. 9 In Area 2, the halibut fishing season will close at the time of the attainment of the catch limit of 25 million pounds or on September 15, 1964, whichever is earlier. (The rate of land- ings from Area 2 is expected to be lower dur- ing the final months of the 1964 season due to the diversion of part of the halibut fleet tothe fisheries for salmon and sablefish.) In Area 3A, the halibut fishing season will close at the time of attainment of the catch limit of 34 million pounds or on October 15, 1964, whichever is earlier. The closing date of Area 3A will be announced 18 days in ad- vance. Oo AS SS Se SG QUALITY EVALUATION OF EX-VESSEL PACIFIC LANDINGS CONTINUED: The second phase of an ex-vessel halibut quality evaluation project was started in Seattle, Wash., and Ketchikan, Alaska, in June 1964 by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The quality evaluation project during the 1964 North Pacific halibut fishing season is based on the following dual approach: (1) applica- tion of a statistical sampling and quality eval- uation system for landed halibut; and (2) ex- perimental study of iced and frozen dressed halibut to relate quality changes to the time and temperature factors in commercial pres- ervation practices. At the-end of the 1964 fishing season, the results from both quality studies will be analyzed in economic terms with the halibut industry to determine the fea- sibility of applying a useful grade standard for fresh and frozen dressed halibut. The current quality evaluation study is a con- tinuation of an investigation begun in 1963. Two of the conclusions drawn as aresult of the 1963 halibut studies are: (1) dockside grading is significantly influenced by economic, seasonal, and industryfactors that maynotbe related to actual quality; and (2) the small price differen- tial between dockside grades and the fact that grade lis averybroad quality designation does not encourage quality improvement. Those and other conclusions were discussed informally at meetings of halibut vessel own- ers, fishermen, buyers, and processors. Buyers and processing firms recognize that the present system does not adequately re- flect quality and are interested in a guideline that will eliminate prejudice and improve quality at the grading table. September 1964 Industrial Fishery Products U.S. MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production by Areas Areas, June 1964: Prelim- inary data on U.S. ~ production © of fish meal, oil, and solubles for June 1964 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown inthe table. U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas, | —CSSunee 18 1964 ae with Comparisons June 1964: East & Gulf Coasts. . . « West Coast2/ 41,537 | 39, 906 ipsa ee Jan. -June 1964 Total. ... {| 81,899 | 74,574 w,1s6 | c,706| 6.645| 2,00 | Jan. -June 1963 Total.... 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. 3/Includes condensed fish. TK OK OOK OK ok Production by Areas, May 1964: U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas, May 1964 (Preliminary) with Comparisons TT eat [on Tobi ee ew (Short Tons), o8 « Homogenized3/ May 1964: East & Gulf ISoasts. v4 West Coaste/ [oral « « - [28,507 [29,22 [aa.s7s |= tens May 1964 tale... {41,585 s,0s sass [5,056 | 2.500 a -May 1963 Total. . « . 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2 /Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. Includes condensed fish. 2K OK OK OK 3K Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, May 1964: United States production of fish meal Major Indicators for U.S, Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, May 1964 (Short Tons) , Fish Meal: Production: May January-Apr, 2/ Year 3/ 27,304] 39,902] 40,504/ 34,446] 19,802 13, 2058 16, 7287 20, 2161) 13,657 16, 118 (Table continued on next column.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 [item and Period _| 4/1964] 1963 | 1962 | 1961 | 1960 | pees] ssf ONS) 2 «ees oe Imports: May 59,543] 30,399] 25,269] 25,116) 9,496 January-Apr, 162,371/133,083 89, 164] 63,393 45, 701 Year - 383,107 252, 307|217,845|131,561 [Fish Solubles 4/:: Production: May 11,736] 16,997) 16,786 January-Apr, 2/ January-Apr, Year a oe CARUOD OUR ot oth deo as ish Oils: Production: May 29,426] 33,544] 33,436] 34,674] 16,339 January~Apr, 2/ 5,242| 7,853] 7,262] 4,666] 4,094 Year = 185,827|250,075|258,118)209,143 Exports: May 9,329] 22,150 2,427 January-Apr. 46,693] 75,401] 51,593! 43,900] 34,764 Year = 262,342/123,050|122,486|143,659 Preliminary. 2/Data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of produc- tion in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 percent; and fish oils, 99 percent, 3/Small amounts (10,000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal and Scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. A/Includes homogenized fish. in May 1964 was lower by 31.6 percent as compared with May 1963. Production of fish oil and fish solubles was down also by 12.3 percent and 31.0 percent, respectively. 7K OK OK OK Supply, April ae United States production of fish meal n April 1964 was lower by 14.9 percent as cone with April 1963. Production of fish oil was down by 43.3 percent and that of fish solubles decreased 39.5 percent. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, ee ee en and , April 1964 Item and Period 1/1964 se Le 1962 Em Fish Meal: Production: April January-March 2/ Year 3/ Imports: April January-March Year Major Indicators for U.S. Fish Solubles 4/: Production: April January-March 2/ Imports: April January-March Production: April January-March 2/ Year (Table continued on next page.) 26 Item and Period eee ee eo ejeoeceeeee , YOO bs Exports: April 22,773] 28,480] 10,270] 7,351] 5,711 January-March 23,920) 46,921) 41,323) 36,549] 29,053 Year = 262,342) 123,050)122,486|143,659 | 2/Data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of produc- tion in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 percent; and fish oils, 99 percent, 3/Small amounts (10,000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal andscrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. 4/Includes homogenized fish. OK OK KK FISH OIL PRODUCERS' VIEWS ON MARKET TRENDS: A technologist of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash., made a trip through the Mid- west and Atlantic Coast Regions this past Summer to collect ideas and suggestions on fish oilresearch, exchange technical informa- tion, and tostimulate old and new interest in fish oil. Among his findings was anew trend in the thinking of fish oil producers inthose regions. In spite of fish oil selling at a high price--high- er than soybean oil--the fish oil producers were not apathetic about future markets for fish oil. They were aware that the existing high prices were due to the European demand and the dis- appointing catches inthe domestic menhaden fishery. First among the research interests of both fish oil producers and users who were con- tacted by the Bureau's technologist was the development of an economical commercial method for production of fatty acids from fish oil. Asecond interest was the development of acommercial method of fractionation of fish oil fatty acids or esters by separating saturates from unsaturates. Some interest was indicated in isolating individual fatty acids. se ok ke te ok Ste SUS RAW MATERIAL SCARCE IN MAINE: Fish meal producers in Maine reported the demand for fish meal and oil this summer was excellent, but with an almost total lack of supply due to the scarcity in Maine of fish fillet waste, as well as a scarcity of whole fish. Because of the drop in price of fish solubles, one Maine producer has been adding his entire output back to fish scrap. se se ke KK OK OK OK Ok FISH OILS: U.S. Trends in Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 1946-1964: SUMMARY: U.S. total supplies of marine oilshave increased from a postwar low of 281 million pounds in 1947 to over 450 million pounds in recent years, mainly due to an uptrend in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 domestic production. But domestic output dropped sharply in 1963 because of a lower yield from menhaden, the leadin source of marine oil produced in the United States. r U.S. marine oil exports have expanded greatly in the postwar era (from 15 million pounds in 1946 to 274 million pounds in 1963), Record U.S, exports in 1963 were attributed to the sharp reduction in world output of marine oils coupled with rising prices, Domestic use, which has fluctuated con- siderably in the postwar period, fell off sharply in 1963, ap- parently because of increased prices for menhaden oil, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION AND USE: U.S. marine oil pro- duction inthe postwar period has ranged froma low of 124 mil- lion pounds in 1952 to a high of 266 million pounds in 1961, Dur- ing the 1950's, production increased rather steadily. How- ever output in 1963 was cutback to only 186 million pounds. U.S, domestic disappearance during the postwar period has been irregular, ranging from 185 million pounds in 1947 toa low of 83 million in 1954, Domestic use averaged 159 mil- lion pounds in 1960-1962, but in 1963 it dropped to 104 mil- lion pounds, Thirty years ago, when sardine oil was more abundant, marine oils were used domestically in shortening manufac- ture, Use in nonfood products included paints, varnishes, linoleum and other industrial commodities, Today, use in surface coatings has become a major factor. Substantial amounts are used also in lubricant production, in animal feeds, fatty acids, and miscellaneous industrial purposes, Manufacturers of exterior house paints use heat-bodied marine oils mixed with raw linseed oil, Those marine oils are used also in aluminum paints (exterior and interior), in barn and roof paints, rustproof coatings, and undercoat paints, In varnish manufacture, bodied fish oil is used in connection with tung oil. That outlet probably has been gaining in im- portance, since the varnish industry has been taking advantage of the lower cost of fish oil to replace some of the high-priced tung oil in varnish formulations. FOREIGN TRADE: The United States accounts for around 10 percent of total world production of marine oils and ranks as a major country in world trade in marine oils, Basically, U.S. marine oil trade involves exporting menhaden oil and im- porting the domestically-scarce marine items (mostly whale ° ‘sperm oil, which is valuable as a lubricant for fine instru- ments; because it has few economical substitutes, it is stock- piled by the Government as a strategic commodity for defense purposes), In 1950, the United States reversed a long-term trend by becoming a net exporter of marine oils for the first time. Since then, exports have grown markedly. During 1950-1954, exports averaged 85 million pounds or about 57 percent of domestic production. In 1963, exports totaled almost 275 mil- lion pounds, a record, Europe, the leading market, takes around 90 percent of U.S. exports. The Netherlands, West Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Canada have been the major buyers. However, in 1963, exports to the United Kingdom to- taled 87 million pounds, the largest for any single country that year. A large part of the menhaden oil used abroad is for margarine, shortening, and other edible products. In those outlets the oils are refined, hydrogenated, and blended with other fats. Hydrogenation removes certain characteris- tics of guar ine oils, such as the odor and taste associated with fish oils, In 1950-1954, U.S, imports of marine oils averaged 72 mil- lion pounds or equal to about one-half of U.S, production, Im- ports in 1963 were 83 million pounds, Japan, Peru, the Nether- lands, Norway, and Canada have been the major U.S, suppli- ers in recent years, PRICE TRENDS: Fish oil prices (menhaden, crude, tanks, f.o.b., Baltimore) have declined sharply since the end of World War II, from an average of 18.6 cents per pound in 1947 to 4.6 cents in 1962. At the lower level, they were one of the lowest-priced oils on the world market. The relatively low price of fish oil in 1962 gave it a comparative advantage September 1964 Table 1 - U. S. Supply and Disposition of Marine Oils, 1946-1963 prpaaction ” Stocks| Men-| Total pro- se Total|& ship- Year | Jan. 1)/haden|duction1/ E} 4/1963) 5/182 |1/Includes menhaden, tuna and mackerel, herring, fish liver, whale, andsealoils. 2 /Includes fish livers, vitamins, and drugs derived from marine animals. '3/Includes re-exports, fish livers, vitamins, and drugs. In 1947 and 1948, in- cludes some exports under voluntary relief programs. |4/Preliminary data. $/Factory consumption used for years in which factory consumption exceeds com- puted domestic disappearance. }6/Includes Government stockpile. |7/ Apparent stocks, Table 2 - U. S, Domestic Utilization of Marine Oils, 1946-1963 Use in Nonfood Pr: Use in Pain noe um | Other Tibricast Total short-| drying|& mee sore Le Pee ening Soap n pcaiey renee ] BA8S~ we we over that of competing drying oils such as soybean, linseed, and tung oils, U.S. production of menhaden oil dropped sharply in 1963 and monthly prices have been moving up rapidly (from 4,0 cents per pound in January 1963 to 8.5 cents in April 1964). World output of marine oils declined sharply in 1963, due primarily to the reduced Antarctic whale catch, and was at the lowest level since 1960, Production prob- ably will be higher in 1964 than in 1963 and, if so, prices should recede somewhat, 2/100 33-0z. cans equal one standard case. Source: *U. S. Bureau of the Census, Canned Food Report, June 1, 1964. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Table 3 - Wholesale Prices of Menhaden Fish Oil Compared with Prices of Linseed, Soybean, Dehydrated Castor, Tung, and Oiticica Oils, 1961-1964 and Averages for ie 1956-60, 1951-55, and 1947-50 = Menhaden |Linseed oil,| Soybean oil, |Dehydrated| Tung oil, do-| oil, crude,| raw, tank frude, tanks,] castor oil, |mestic tanks, |Oiticica oil, f.0.b. south- liquid, tanks, carlots f.0,b. tanks, Decatur New Fork} Wisheym °c © oft o aie Y tates (Cents Per Pound). . anks, f.0.b. Year Baltimore|Minneapolis; 8.1 13.3 8.1 25.1 29, 32.0 8.3 13.3 8.0 25.1 27, 28.8 8.4 13.3 8.1 25.1 26, 19.0 8 13,3 1.9 25.1 25, 18,7 6.2 12.7 8.9 25.1 36. 28.4 4.6 14,2 9.0 25.1 36. 16.9 6,2 14,2 11,5 25,0 27 age: 7.9 13.5 10.7 25.9 22.4 8.8 15.5 13.0 28,5 30.3 13.2 25.2 17.6 26.2 23.8 OUTLOOK: The U.S. domestic marine oil industry (basically menhaden fish oil) still possesses considerable growth potential. Much depends upon research, both in maintaining a continued high menhaden catch and in better utilization of the oil and its derivatives. Utilization re- search efforts at present are mainly concerned with long- chained, polyunsaturated fatty acids in such areas as pro- tective coatings, textile chemicals, lubricating oil addi- tives, alkyd resins, plasticizers emulsifiers, aldehydes, and fatty alcohols. Demand for fish meal probably will outwei; h demand for fish oil as a consideration for a profitable fishing opera- tion, although a favorable export market for the oil should exist, Domestic use of fish oil depends greatly upon main- taining a price advantage over that of competing vegetable oils, Finally, ‘‘new products’’ research offers possibilities in such fields as human food products, animal feeds, and other industrial uses, To a large degree, research ‘in in- creased product utilization may hold the key to the future course of the industry. (Fats and Oils Situation, U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, May 1964.) __ Maine Sardines } CANNED STOCKS, JUNE 1, 1964: Canners’ stocks of Maine sardines on June 1, 1964, were 37,000 cases less than those on hand June 1, 1963, but were 449,000 cases a- bove stocks on hand two years ago on June 1, 1962 (the pack for the 1961 season was ex- ceptionally small). On the other hand, dis- tributors' stocks this June 1 were 39,000 cases more than on the same date in 1963. On April 15, 1964, carryover stocks at the canners! level amounted to about 622,000 cases as compared with acarryover of 660,000 cases on April 15, 1963, and a carryover of only 33,000 cases on April 15, 1962, which was a Short-pack year. Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors' and Canners' Stocks, June 1, 1964, with Comparisons 1/ | tyre | ume 1963/64 Season 1962/63 Season 1961/62 Season j671764]471764/1/1/64(11/1/63|7/1/63[6/1/63)/4/1763} 2/4 /05)2/2/63] 11/1/64 7/1/62|6/1/o2f 4/1/62] 1/1762 | Berivts 1,000 actual cases} 254 | 291 261 217 215 264 271 230] 134 148 193 anners aL "000 std. cases2/| 499 | 658 1,063 643 536 699 | 1,092} 1,348] 374 45 144 2 able aes marketing season from November 1-October 31. This year's Maine sardine packing season opened on April 15, 1964. Canners were get- ting ready to start operations as soon as Sar- dines were sighted and landed. Only several hundred cases were reported packed as of early June. By July 11, a total of 211,000 cases (100 No. + cans) had been packed, ac- cording to the Maine Sardine Council. The pack was much smaller than in the same per- iod in 1963, when 445,000 standard cases were packed. Ample carryover stocks from the 1963 season caused a later start of in- tense fishing for the 1964 season. As of mid- July, fishing continued spotty with the heav- iest sardine catches in the Rockland-Portland area. Hk OK OK MAINE CANNED SARDINES SERVED AT NATIONAL BOY SCOUT JAMBOREE: Maine sardines were again served to 50,000 Boy Scouts at their National Jamboree held at Valley Forge, Pa., during the week of July 20, 1964. It was the third consecutive time that they have been featured on the menu of this event which takes place every 4 years. The cost of the sardines was shared by the Scout organization and the Maine Sardine Council. The Council furnished a specially designed can cover for the occasion. The Council's Executive Secretary said, "We consider this an outstanding opportunity to sample Maine sardines to one of the larg- est gatherings of youngsters in the worldand are gratified that the National organization again selected our product from the thousands of items available." The sardines were used as a quick lunch item on both the day of arrival and departure for the campers. (Maine Sardine Council, Augusta, Me., July 15, 1964.) Marlin BILLFISH RESEARCH CRUISE BY UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI VESSEL: o search the tropical Atlantic for the spawning grounds of the blue marlin was the objective of a group of about 10 scientists from the Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, when they left on the In- stitute's research vessel John Elliott Pills- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 bury this past July. The biologists will work in the Gulf Stream and northeast into the Sar- gasso Sea surrounding Bermuda. Samples of planktonic and other marine life will be taken from the surface down to depths of two miles or more by means of plankton tows, midwa- ter trawls, deep-water trawls, bottom trawls, and bottom dredges. Specimens will also be captured by night-lighting (using a submerged light to attract organisms which are dipped out in nets). The billfish research, part of a long-range study of the distribution, migration, and growth stages of marlin and sailfish, involves a search for eggs, larvae, and juvenile fishes. Stomach contents of various large fishspecies are examined and other forms of marine life including squid, octopi, flyingfish, and dol- phin will be collected for various other Insti- tute of Marine Science projects. The aims of the cruise include the capture of missing size stages of blue marlin, capture of larval white marlin, and the discovery of centers of spawn- ing activity. Investigators of the Institute's Billfish Research Program have already ex- amined over 600 specimens of young marlin ranging to less than a quarter-inch in length. (Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, July 19, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 36; August 1963 p. 43. a North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TUNA AND SWORDFISH DISTRIBUTION STUDIES IN WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC: M/V “Delaware Cruise 64-3 (Apri June 4, 1964): The objectives of this cruise were to (1) continue a systematic survey of the seasonal distribution, abundance, and mi- gration of tuna, and (2) investigate the occur- rence of both tuna and swordfish in waters contiguous to those in which the annual appear- ances of those species support commercial fisheries. The exploratory fishing and gear research vessel Delaware of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries operated in the west- ern North Atlantic during this seven-week cruise south of New England and east of the Middle Atlantic States. Night long-line sets were made at 13 sta- tions, and day long-line sets at 26 stations September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Legend: O - Day fishing station. @*- Night fishing station. Area of operations during M/V Delaware Cruise 64-3, April 17-June 4, 1964. during the cruise, Surface trolling gearwas used between stations when weather and sea conditions permitted. Thermal transects using bathythermograph and surface thermo- graph data were coordinated with hydrographic information from previous investigations to determine positions of fishing stations. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) catch- es, both by the Delaware and commercial swordfish long-line vessels in the area, sug- gested a commercial abundance of that spe- cies along the frontal edges of the Gulf Stream from Cape Hatteras to east of Georges Bank (65° west longitude). A catch rate of 19 fish per 100 hooks 80 miles northeast of Cape Hatteras on May 19, 1964, is believed to be the highest long-line catch rate for that species in the western North Atlantic. In- cidental catches by swordfish long-line ves - sels in the Cape Hatteras area showed simi- lar high rates. Sightings of small groups of yellowfin tuna ''finning out" at the surface were frequently seen and reported, and one 70- pound fish was caught on the vessel's troll gear. The average size of 147 yellowfintuna examined during the cruise was 74.5 pounds. Catches of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) were limited to very small numbers of medi- um and large fish (160-515 pounds). The few albacore (Thunnus alalunga) caught were also large (33-58 pounds); one 55-pound fish was caught on troll gear in 71° F. water. In ad- dition, 27 big-eyed tuna (Thunnus obesus) (39- 200 pounds), and one 14-pound skipjack (Katsu- wonus pelamis) were caught on long-line gear. United States and Canadian swordfish long- line fleets were fishing between the edges of the Continental Shelf and the Gulf Stream dur- ing much of the time. Swordfish catch rates during night long-line sets, both north and south of the Gulf Stream, were about the same 30 Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) as commercial fishing vessel catch rates and suggested that swordfish (Xiphias gladius) distribution and commercial abundance may extend much farther than waters presently fished. The average size of 15 swordfish ex- amined was 122.2 pounds. Analysis of thermal data made at sea in- dicated that surface water intrusions north- ward from the Gulf Stream formed a con- voluted pattern of warm water (60°-65° F.) "fingers'' which were seldom over 20 fath- oms in depth. Temperatures immediately be- low those areas dropped to 509-459 F. Fish- ing efforts by the Delaware and commercial long-line vessels in the area had greatest success along the edges of those "fingers" where water color, bird activity, surface bait Signs, and porpoise schools often gave good indications of increased biological levels. In cooperation with other agencies, 110 tuna, 4 marlin, and 62 sharks were tagged and released with dart tags. Blood samples of tuna and other species were collected for serological analyses by the subpopulations program at the Bureau's Biological Labora- tory in Honolulu. Other data collected and examined included lengths, weights, stomach contents, and sexual condition of all fish tak- en aboard the vessel. Dip net-night light col- lections and drift plankton tows were made as time allowed. Other long-line catches of particular scientific note were one specimen of the longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pflue- geri) and one specimen of the gempylid (Lepi- docybium flavo-brunneum). The Delaware's three-part cruise was broken by port calls at Norfolk, Va., April 29 and May 14, to rebunker the vessel and exchange visiting personnel. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Febmary 1964 p. 37; August 1963 p. 36; June 1963 p. 38. He OK OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 ELECTRICAL FISHING GEAR IN OPERATION OBSERVED BY TELEVISION: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 64-4 (June 18-30, 1964): To observe electrical fishing gear in operation was the primary objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Dela- ware. This was accomplished by means of closed circuit television. The TV camera was lowered along a trolley wire which was at- tached to the net; the point of attachment for the trolley wire was shifted to change the posi- tion of the camera as desired. Fishing operations during this cruise were conducted in selected areas and at suitable depths for light penetration: (1) in Cape Cod Bay, (2) on the seaward side of Cape Cod, (3) on Stellwagen Bank, and (4) in Ipswich Bay. Difficulty was experienced, during most of the cruise, in getting enough clarity to the picture on the TV monitor screen to permit film re- cording. All underwater film footage was tak- en while operating in the Ipswich Bay area. During the first part of the cruise, the ar- rangement and number of the electrodes was varied until best results were achieved. It was the first time that the observable results of such changes were possible and the infor- mation gained will be put to good use during future modifications to the experimental elec- trical fishing gear. A beginning was made on a Study film of the electrical fishing method. Most of the fish TV monitor and camera control unit used on M/V Delaware Cruise 64-4, A 16 mm. movie camera is positioned before monitor screen to make kinescope recordings. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 occurring in the depths and areas fishedwere flat fish. Other commercially-valuable spe- cies were either scarce or absent. Success- ful efforts to film the action of other types of groundfish are hoped for on the next electri- cal fishing cruise. Adequate film footage of those species will complete the requirements for the study film. The film was taken with a 16 millimeter camera; underwater scenes were taken by filming the TV monitor screen. Scientific observers aboard the Delaware during this cruise included Doctor Conradin Kreutzer, a well known German specialist on electrical fishing. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 21. ae a —~ S= rays North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program BOTTOMFISH TRAWLING SURVEY OFF WASHINGTON COAST: M/V "John N. Cobb” Cruise 65 (April 16- May 28, 1964): The objectives of this six- week bottomfish trawling cruise off the south- ern coast of Washington State were to: (1) locate trawlable bottom in areas presently avoided by commercial trawlers, and (2) evaluate the commercial potential of ground- fish inhabiting any of those new grounds. The general region surveyed by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory and gear research vessel John N. Cobb dur- ing this cruise was along the Washington coast from Destruction Island to Willapa Bay. Within that region there are two areas that are not extensively fished by commercial otter trawlers due to the generally uneven or rocky nature of bottom. One of the areas in- cludes bottom at depths from 100 to 300 fath- oms throughout the entire region, and the other is located between Cape Elizabeth and Grays Harbor in 25 to 50 fathoms of water. Soundings were first made over the areas with recording echo-sounding equipment to determine the feasibility of trawling. When even and soft bottom were found, test drags were made with a snag chain or a net rigged with a snag cable. Four areas were surveyed on this cruise: (1) south of Grays Canyon from 80 to 380 fathoms, (2) north of Grays Canyon from 80 —— - Successful tow\ —X - Tow that hung up\.,....<°°" / Y- - Tow with net damaged. F) - Area surveyed. \ : ‘. onorN a, \ : : = is ru \ : to 200 fathoms, (3) between Cape Elizabeth and Grays Harbor in 25 to 50 fathoms, and (4) west of Destruction Island from 100 to 360 fathoms. The grounds surveyed south of the Grays Canyon were trawlable in waters deeper than 280 fathoms. Catches were dominated by sablefish which ranged from 364 to 612 pounds of fish per hour of trawling. Between 80 and 280 fathoms, many snags were encountered which resulted in badly torn nets. Two suc- cessful one-hour tows were made in 110 fath- oms with one of them yielding 3,300 pounds of Pacific ocean perch. Although the grounds north of Grays Can- yon were mostly untrawlable as determined by echo-soundings and exploratory tows, four suc- cessful drags were made. The catches from those grounds were small, ranging from 490 to 740 pounds of mixed species (mostly rock- fish and flounder) per hour of trawling. The grounds between Cape Elizabeth and Grays Harbor were found to be flat with scat- 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 terings of small boulders and outcroppings of | and California. The explorations were to ex- shale present which caused damage to nets on| tend from 409-48° N. latitude in an area about most of the exploratory drags. Four success- | 30 miles off the coast seaward to 131° W. ful one-hour tows were made in the southern longitude (see chart for trackline). Oceano- portion in 25 to 36 fathoms of water. Catches graphic data, including salinity, oxygen, and ranged from 530 to 680 pounds of mixed spe- | chlorophyl determinations were also to be ob- cies, predominantly flounder and lingcod. tained during the survey. Three one-hour drags were added during Trolling with tuna jigs was to be conducted the present survey to the grounds west of along the trackline between oceanographic Destruction Island where surveys were initi- | stations. When possible, captured albacore ated by the Bureau in 1962. Two of those were to be tagged, measured, and released. three drags yielded good catches of sablefish | Albacore unsuitable for tagging were to be and Dover sole (2,900 and 550 pounds per prepared for biochemical and microbiological hour, respectively). studies. Information on albacore catches were to be broadcast by radio daily to the commer- BS Th A ad cial fishing fleet. ALBACORE TUNA ABUNDANCE Night-light stations were to be occupied for AND DISTRIBUTION STUDY: observations of marine life and forage orga- M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 66 (July 13- nisms. In cooperation with personnel from 31, 1964): To obtain information on the rel- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla), ative abundance and distribution of albacore standard oceanographic stations were to be tuna (Thunnus germo) and other pelagic spe- | occupied daily along the trackline. cies of fish was to be the primary objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries exploratory and gear research vessel John N. Cobb which departed Seattle, Wash., July 13, 1964, for 3 weeks of high- Nutrition seas investigations off Washington, Oregon, FISHERY PRODUCTS REAFFIRMED AS NUTRITIOUS AND HEALTHFUL: A statement on fats and oils was issued by the American Heart Assocation. It reaffirms that Association's stand on the importance of polyunsaturated fats (such as found in fish) in human foods. The Association’s statement declared that reducing the amount of calories in the diet by decreasing the consumption of saturated fat will not only help prevent obesity but will ac- tually lower blood cholesterol as well. This confirms state- - ments such as those of Dr. Lawrence W, Kinsell, Institute for ASHINGTON Metabolic Research, regarding ‘‘Fish Fats, Blood Fats and cote Atherosclerosis:’’ He said, ‘‘Since men are more prone to early development of the complications associated with ath- erosclerosis, such as heart disease and strokes, it behooves the good housewife, who wishes to help keep her husband’s ar- teries in good condition, to plan new and intriguing ways of preparing fish and to serve seafoods frequently in the weekly diet.”’ Many factors influence the development of heart disease, and the American Heart Association has emphasized that peo- ple should seek medical guidance in making changes in the fat content of their diet. On the other hand, the Association has pointed out, ‘‘evidence from many countries suggest a rela- tionship between the amount and type of fat consumed, the amount of cholesterol in the blood and the reported incidence of coronary artery disease,’’ As Dr. Fedrick Stare, Chairman of the Department of Nu- trition, Harvard University, has emphasized, *‘Fish as com- pared with most other high-quality protein foods are gener- ally low in fats, ana the fat that is present in fish has a gener- ous proportion of the polyunsaturated fats.’” 0° Ce) i Fish and seafoods have always been considered excellent Shows scheduled trackline during Cruise 66 of the research vessel sources of complete and well-balanced protein and minerals-- John N. Cobb, July 1964. all of which are necessary to health and a feeling of well- September 1964 being. It is becoming increasingly evident that the polyunsat- urated fats in the foods from our oceans, rivers, and lakes will lower blood cholesterol, the number one suspect in the type of hardening of the arteries responsible for most heart .attacks and strokes. Oceanography INDIAN OCEAN INVESTIGATIONS BY RESEARCH VESSEL "PIONEER": The world's steepest continental slope has been discovered off the east coast of Ceylon by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey re- search vessel Pioneer, announced the Depart- ment of Commerce on July 12, 1964. The chief scientist aboard the research vessel re- ported that the slope where Ceylon drops down into the Bay of Bengal is over 45 de- grees steep. The average continental slopes vary between 5 degrees off the west coast of Europe, 1 to 15 degrees off the Pacific Coast of the United States, and 4 to 7 degrees off the American east coast. The Pioneer was completing asix-months, 27,000-mile voyage to the Indian Ocean, sci- entifically one of the world's least knownocean areas. The vessel, described as a complete- ly equipped "floating laboratory," left San Francisco, Calif., on February 11, 1964, to participate in a 20-nation scientific explora- tion of the Indian Ocean, Scientists from the Philippines, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, and 8 United States scientific agencies were a- board the vessel during the voyage. The research vessel, which is manned by 104 officers and crew, was scheduled to reach Honolulu, Hawaii, about the end of July on its return trip to the United States and San Fran- cisco-Oakland about mid-August. It will then have completed the longest and farthest trip ever made by a vessel of the Coast and Geo- detic Survey in its 157-year history. In addition to discovering the steep con- tinental slope off Ceylon, other discoveries and activities of the expedition included (1) the finding of several previously unknown un- dersea mountains; (2) explored for the first time two giant submarine canyons off Ceylon both of which are larger than the Grand Can- yon; (3) sent SCUBA divers down to search the top of another undersea mountain; and (4) took thousands of color photos of the bottom of the sea. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 The Coast and Geodetic Survey's chief o- ceanographer, who headed the scientific ex- pedition and flew back to report on its find- ings, termed the continental slope off Ceylon "truly spectacular.'' He said, ''The west coast of Ceylon is connected with India by a very shallow area. It was known that deepwa- ter existed off the east coast, but no one re- alized how precipitous was the drop from the continental shelf (which begins at the water's edge) to the ocean bottom." He explained that the continental slope is the connecting link be- tween the shelf and the bottom of the sea. He continued, ''From about 6 miles off the coast, where we began our soundings, the slope fell from a depth of about 180 feet to about 12,000 feet in the short distance of 18 miles. Nearly 4,000 feet of this vertical drop to the sea bot- tom off Ceylon was over 45 degrees." "The steep slope is located about 20 miles south of Trincomalee and is about 2 miles long", he said. The 2 submarine canyons which were ex- plored off the Ceylonese coast were near Bat- ticoloa. The larger, just north of Batticoloa, was 7,800 feet deep and was named Mundeni Canyon for the river closest to it. It was said to be deeper and narrower than the Grand Can- yon. The second undersea canyon is located south of Batticoloa and is 2 miles wide at the top and 4,570 feet deep. According to the oceanographer, one of the most unusual aspects of the trip, was their exploration of an undersea mountain in the | South China Sea about 36 to 40 feet below the surface of the ocean. Millions of brightly col- ored tropical fish swam around them as they made their way over the white coral which covered the top of the mountain. Rock was re- covered from the top and sides of the moun- tain and numerous color photos made of the area with the expedition's underwater cameras. During the remainder of the expedition; the research vessel Pioneer was slated to explore some of the Pacific's most mysterious phe- nomena, the huge trenches, such as the Java, Philippines, Marianna, Palau, and Yap Trench- es, at the ocean bottom. ''They are all much larger than the Grand Canyon,'' explained the vessel's chiefoceanographer. ''They are large narrow gashes in the bottom of the sea and their origin is still in the realm of theory. We do not know what caused them. There is nothing like them anywhere on land, so wecan only study them at sea. Very possibly they represent areas where the earth's crust has 34 actually been pulled down by forces acting deep within the earth. We hope the expedition will be able to shed some light on the origin of these tremendous sea-floor trenches.’ The great wealth of scientific material collected on the expedition, which included a study of the Indian Ocean's physical, chemi- cal, meteorological, geological, biological, and geophysical aspects, will take scientists years to assimilate completely. A prelimi- nary report of the expedition, is to be made available in early 1965. (U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, July 12, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 23. He 3K OK Ok OK UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI RESEARCH VESSEL RETURNS FROM EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS: Extensive oceanograph investigations were conducted by the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury of the Institute of Marine Science (IMS), University of Miami, during the first part of this year. The 176-foot vessel re- turned to Miami in June 1964, from five months at sea, after covering 18,600 miles during a series of investigations along the equator and along the west coast of Africa. With a crew of 19 and a scientific com- plement of 15, the vessel left Miami on Feb- ruary 1, 1964, and sailed through the Baha- mas and south to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, doing radiation studies. From St. Thomas she crossed the Atlantic to Monrovia, Libe- ria, arriving there on February 28. For the next 23 months she participated in EQUA- LANT ITI, a 10-nation oceanographic survey of the tropical Atlantic. The vessel's work was concerned with one of the major objec- tives of the survey--an attempt to track the equatorial undercurrent, a little-known cur- rent that flows east along the Equator, be- neath the westward-flowing equatorial cur- rent. The scientists succeeded in tracking the underwater current for a distance of 1,320 miles to an area where the current dis- sipated itself along the African coast. The existence of the current, which is located a- bout 150 feet below the surface, has been known to oceanographers for several years, but little or nothing has been known of its course, speed, or point of termination. At the conclusion of the study of ocean currents in April, the Pillsbury took on a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 new group of IMS scientists at Lagos, Nigeria. A study was made of the Gulf of Guinea, a unique ocean region where a combination of currents produces an area of high primary productivity near a fairly sterile region. The chemistry of the water and its plankton were studied--tiny plants, animals, and bacteria. After all data have been analyzed the investi- gators hope to reach conclusions concerning the reasons for the extraordinary growth of life in certain areas of ocean upwellings. The next and last phase of the vessel's African cruise was a deep-sea biological ex- pedition. Using bottom trawls of various kinds, midwater trawls, dredges, and grabs in depths of from 90 to 12,000 feet, and using over 6 miles of wire cable, thousands of spec- imens of deep-ocean and continental-shelf life were collected. Those will be studied to in- vestigate the relationships of the fauna of the eastern and western tropical Atlantic. Many species were taken that are new to science. Many unusual deep-water fish species were collected, including a black swallower (which can swallow another fish twice its size); the famous fish with the ''tricycle landing gear" which was photographed a few years ago from a bathyscape; a barreleye (a fish with eyes in tubes pointed forward like headlights); others known as fang-tooth, snipe-eel, and viperfish. Six rare gulper eel also were caught--more than are found in all the world's museums. Among the invertebrates collected were a number of species of the rare vampire squid, the poisonous pancake urchin of deep water, numerous cuttlefish, squid and deep-water gelatinous octopods, strange deep-sea crus- taceans, brittlestars, sea cucumbers, deep- water tooth shells, and other kinds of animals. The results of the expedition are being pre- pared and will be a valuable contribution to the knowledge already at hand of tropical and deep- water ocean life. Commissioned in July 1963, the John Elli- ott Pillsbury had logged 254 days and 36,000 miles at sea at the end of this equatorial At- lantic trip. About mid-July, she was sched- uled to depart on a cruise in the waters be- tween Bermuda and the Bahamas. (News of Institute of Marine Science, Miami, Fla., July T, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 43. September 1964 COAST GUARD CUTTER OCCUPIES OCEAN WEATHER STATION: The long-range program of the U.S. Coast Guard for the full utilization of the oceano- graphic potential offered by the weather sta- tions moved one step further towards reali- zation when the USCGC Ingham occupied O- cean Station CHARLIE during June 13-July 3, 1964. The Ingham has been outfitted to take routine oceanographic stations, and will be the first of the 327-foot Secretary-Class cutters to undertake a full-scale oceano- graphic program. She was to be followed at CHARLIE by her sistership the USCGC Spen- cer in July and August 1964. Ocean Station CHARLIE is located at 52° 45'N., 35930' W., or about 500 miles south- east of Cape Farwell, Greenland, on the sum- mer shipping lanes between Cape Race, New- foundland, and Bishop's Rock, England. More significantly from an oceanographic point of view, it is located in the transition zone be- tween the warm waters of the North Atlantic Current and the cold outflow from the Arctic region. As in the case of the first project at Sta- tion BRAVO, the first surveys will be large- ly exploratory, since there is very little his- torical data available on which to base a sampling plan. The initial program will con- sist of daily oceanographic casts to 1,500 meters, with a cast to the bottom (about 3,500 meters) about every 10 days. The data will be processed by the Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit, Washington, D.C., and the results published in the U.S. Coast Guard Oceanographic Data Report Series. The final data will be deposited with the Na- tional Oceanographic Data Center, as are the data from all Coast Guard cruises. (U.S. Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit, Washington, D.C., June 15, 1964.) KOK OK OK ok NEW INSTRUMENT EFFECTIVE AID IN OCEAN-BOTTOM STUDIES: A large bucket-type grab sampler is the principal instrument used in collecting bot- tom-dwelling animals and related bottom sediments on the Continental Shelf off the North Atlantic seaboard. It is used in that area in a bottom-dwelling fauna study being conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., in cooperation with the Woods Hole COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Oceanographic Institution and the U.S. Geo- logical Survey. The instrument is made of thick steel plate, measures over 3 feet in its greatest dimension, weighs 550 pounds, and samplesa 6-square-foot bottom area. A unique feature of the instrument is a camera and strobe light mounted within the bucket which takes a photo- graph of the bottom immediately before the device touches bottom. The combination of both photographs and bottom samples for the same spot has aided immeasurably in deter- mining the abundance of animal life on various parts of the Continental Shelf, as well as map- ping sediment types, and determining the liv- ing habits of various deep-sea creatures. Ocean Perch ANNUAL CHECK OF TAGGED OCEAN PERCH OFF MAINE: total o ish were taken during the annual checkup in June 1964 of tagged ocean perch off Eastport, Me. The annual check is part of the North Atlantic fisheries investiga- tions program of the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries on the growth rate of ocean perch. Of the 400 fish taken, 200 had been tagged previously and 16 were tagged in Au- gust 1956. Some of the tagged fish taken in this year's check have been recaptured in the same place several times in past years. Out of the 16 fish tagged in August 1956, 15 were recaptured at least twice before, and 1 fish was recap- tured 5 times. The average growth of those 16 fish for the 8-year period was barely 1.5 inches. This project by the Bureau started as an investigation of the growth rate of oceanperch, and has been successful in providing scientif- ic knowledge on ocean perch longevity and 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW their lack of movement away from even a very restricted locality. |, es WL 3 Oysters DEVELOPMENTS ON MSX DISEASE REPORTED BY SCIENTISTS: Oyster grounds in the Chesapeake Bay area attacked by MSX have not yet recovered, and oysters planted on infected grounds continue to die. This is what the Senior Marine Sci- entist in charge of oyster research at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va., told the members of the Oyster Institute of North America at their annual con- vention in New Orleans, July 10, 1964.- The scientist said that ‘‘For 5 years the protozoan dis- ease (MSX) has been epidemic in saltier waters of lower Chesapeake Bay and our rivers, and it has not yet subsided, We have marked the areas invaded by MSX and the disease has not spread appreciably beyond the fringes of these boundaries during several years.’’ He pointed out that MSX is inhibited by low salinities and disappears each spring from marginal areas due to freshening of the waters by run- off of the spring rains, Although the boundaries of the dis- ease have not been widened, no clear evidence of recovery from the invasion can be detected. Test plantings of seed oysters by Institute of Marine Sci- ence scientists indicate that oysters planted on MXS-infest- ed grounds during the winter or early spring will become infected as the water warms up and will begin to die in late summer and fall with a few deaths occurring throughout the winter. Seed oysters planted in infested areas in late sum- mer become infected immediately but do not begin to die un- til the following summer. About 40 percent of the oysters planted will die the first summer and 50 to 60 percént will die the second summer. Only about 10 to 20 percent of the original seed oysters planted will remain alive after 2 years. According to the Director of the Institute, Virginia’s scien- tists hope to make use of those survivors in developing re- sistant strains. Infections of James River seed oysters have never been extensive, fortunately for the oyster planters. Infections de- tected in the lower seed beds in the fall disappear by spring as fresh water pushes the salt content lower than the dis- ease organism can tolerate. Plantings of James River oy- ster seed, even when carrying MSX, have not spread the dis- ease to new areas Since those seed were usually planted in rivers and bays where the water contains less salt than the lower James, so the causative organism was killed. The Institute’s scientist in charge of oyster research and his co-workers are busy attempting to develop strains of oy- sters which will be highly resistant to MSX and other dis- eases, Oysters which have survived the ravages of MSX for 5 years are being artificially spawned in the Gloucester Point Laboratory and if they show a resistance to the dis- ease, they will eventually be made available to oyster farm- ers, Testing for resistance to MSX will require a minimum of 3 years even under present accelerated operations. (Vir- ginia jdaden of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, July 14, 1964, 3K OK OK Ok BREEDING STOCK RESISTANT TO DISEASE: Excellent progress is being made in spawn- ing and raising oysters under controlled conditions, announced the Director of the Vir- Vol. 26, No. 9 ginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va., on July 20, 1964. He said, "This is an important step in our efforts to produce oysters resistant to disease. As further ca- pabilities are developed, we can look to the day when improved stock, not only of oysters but also of clams, can be produced and man- ageable mariculture for seafoods will be a reality." The oyster improvement program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science is aimed specifically at breeding a special stock of oysters which will survive the protozoan dis- ease MSX. Parents of those oysters are | males and females which have survived 5 years in beds where 95 to 98 percent of their fellow oysters succumbed to the disease. The Senior Marine Scientist in charge of oyster research at Gloucester Point obtained large oysters which have lived most of their lives in disease-infested waters to be the parents of what he hopes will become brood stock highly resistant to MSX. "During late winter we hired a commercial dredge boat and collected live oysters from Mobjack Bay and Egg Island beds which are assumed to have survived the ravages of MSX for 5 years," he related. "Perhaps 95 to 98 percent of the oysters left on those grounds in 1959 have died from MSX infections. We hope these survivors have a natural immunity to the dis - ease and we are testing to see if seed oysters spawned from these survivors will have higher natural resistance to MSX than James River seed,"' he added. Laboratory and field work necessary for testing the survival value of these specially selected oysters requires a team effort. One of the Institute's oyster research scientists has devoted many months to studying tech- niques for caring for larval oysters and has incorporated the principles he has learned into the equipment of a new oyster research laboratory completed in June of this year. Even before completion of the new research laboratory, he began to successfully spawn oysters in early May and by mid-July hadcol- lected spat from many spawnings. Another group of laboratory scientists is responsible for growing the algae (plankton) necessary to feed the young laboratory-rear- ed oysters. A scientist of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science has been associated with the Institute this past sum- mer in working out problems of the embryonic development of oysters. He is a visiting sci- September 1964 entist at the Virginia Institute of Marine Sci- ence under the National Science Foundation Research Participation for College Teachers program. About 20 lots of surviving oysters from MSX and Dermocystidium epidemics have been collected for breeding. Nine lots of lab- oratory-bred progeny, about the size of a small coin, were available for testing pur- poses. It will require about 3 years to de- termine whether or not this progeny is ofa quality suitable fer commercial purposes. If resistant stocks are obtained, breeding lots of a few bushels will be available to private commercial hatcheries for production. Se- lection for size, growth rate, and fattness will be made concurrently with resistant studies. Native stocks should be given strong prefer- ence in any breeding program, the Institute's oyster research scientists state. (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, July 20, 1964.) Pacific Northwest| JAPANESE FISHERY OBSERVERS VISIT UNITED STATES: A Japanese Fishing Industry Goodwill Mission to the United States and Canada ar- rived in Seattle, Wash., on July 17, 1964, for a six-day tour of Pacific Northwest fishery facilities. The 12 members of the grouprep- resent both management and labor organiza- tions in Japan's fishing industry. The Regional Director, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash., said the Japanese group was scheduled to visit Columbia River fishery facilities in Washing- ton and Oregon, and commercial fish opera- tions and other installations in the Seattle area. After the United States visit, the Japa- nese mission was scheduled to go to Vancou- ver, British Columbia, Canada. Before com- ing to Seattle, the group had visited several places in Alaska. The group had left Japan on July 1 and arrived in Anchorage, Alaska, on the same day. They were scheduled to re- turn to Japan on July 28. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 Pollution PESTICIDE ENDRIN BLAMED IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER FISH KILL: An official finding that the pesticide endrin was the cause of a massive fish kill in the lower Mississippi River last fall and winter. and that industrial operations at Memphis, Tenn., were sources of the pollution was an- nounced June 26, 1964, by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The finding took the form of the Secretary's acceptance of the report of a con- ference held at New Orleans, La., May 5-6, 1964, under the enforcement provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. On the two principal points involved--the specific cause of the fish kill and the source of the pollution--the report of the New Orleans conference stated: "The conferees representing the States of Louisiana and Mississippi and the U.S. De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare concluded that the pesticide endrin was re- sponsible for the fish kill in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, in Louisiana, during the fall and winter of 1963-64. The conferee representing Arkansas stated that endrin was at least a contributing factor. The conferee representing Tennessee stated that other fac- tors might also be present. "Industrial wastes and drainage from con- taminated areas in and near Memphis, Tenn., are sources of the discharge of endrin into the Mississippi. "The available data demonstrate that sources, not yet identified, other than those in the Memphis area, may contribute to the endrin found in the lower Mississippi drain- age area. These other sources must be iden- tified through further study." The report stated that minute concentra- tions of endrin had been found in the treated water supplier of Vicksburg, Miss., and New Orleans, La. "While acute effects on humans of this pesticide in water have not been de- tected," the report said, "the effects of con- tinued ingestion of even these minute quantities must be evaluated." In transmitting the report to water pollu- tion control officials of the four States in- volved, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare endorsed 38 the recommendations of the conference that action be taken to bring known sources of en- drin discharges from industry, land drainage, and mud deposits under control ''immediate- ly" and that "other sources of endrin pollu- tion be identified and brought under control as soon as possible.'' The conferees also called for the establishment of a technical committee "'to direct and advise in the iden- tification and abatement of all sources of pollution affecting the main stem of the Lower Mississippi'' and for a progress report to be prepared within a year. (Public Health Serv- ice, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, June 26, 1964.) a 2 Bias Salmon NEW FISH BEHAVORIAL FLUME BUILT IN PACIFIC NORTHWEST: ish behavorial ilume on the Grande Ronde River five miles upstream from Troy, Oreg., was completed and operating success - fully at the beginning of this past summer, announced the Regional Director, U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash., on July 1, 1964. The flume was built by the Bureau as part of its fish-passage research program in an effort to preserve and enhance anadromous fish runs in the Columbia River and its trib- utaries. The program is being conducted in cooperation with the State fishery agencies of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Scientists hope the flume will help them find new ways to collect young salmon and steelhead head- ing downstream to the ocean so they can be passed around dams and other barriers. The Grande Ronde flume is the largest of several the Bureau either has built or is building in the Pacific Northwest. Already constructed are flumes at Carson National Fish Hatchery in Washington State, Eagle Creek (near Estacada), Oreg., and on an ir- rigation diversion of the Umatilla River in Oregon. The Grande Ronde flume cost $378,000 to build and is a concrete and steel structure placed in the river to test various kinds of experimental fish guiding and col- lecting devices. The research biologist and project leader for the research program in Portland said one of the devices likely to be tested in the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 flume is a velocity accelerator barriers. It would consist of a series of concrete weirs in the bottom of the flume which would cause the water to accelerate as it passes over each one, but also slow up in between each weir. As the young fish migrating downstream en- counter the accelerated flow, they seek to avoid it. The weirs, placed ona long angle to the direction of flow, create a velocity bar- rier extending in the same direction. The fish (on rejecting this speedup in flow) will, it is hoped, be guided along the flow barrier into a bypass situated on the far side of the flume. There they can be collected for trans - portation around any manmade obstruction. This device was designed at the University of Washington hydraulics laboratory and was to be tested first at the smaller flume at Carson Hatchery. If it showed promise there, it was to be tested at Grande Ronde. The research biologist at Portland said, "What we are looking for is a method of col- lecting fish that is less costly from the stand- point of maintenance as well as capital outlay than the traditional methods of louvers and traveling screens. One of the problems is to design a collecting device which will allow debris in the river to pass through it, yet will not harm the fish or allow them to escape. It is hoped the Grande Ronde flume will help provide an answer." Also being tested in the flume were a lou- ver structure and a perforated plate screen to determine their efficiency in guiding young migrant fish. Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, JUNE 1964: [January-December| = | 28,468) 5,322 | 14,500] (Table continued on next page.) September 1964 Meet {toe ee] - (1,000 Lbs. Heads-Off) . Frozen inventories (as of end of each mo,)2/: 25754 | 12,728] -(¢/1b., 26-30 Count, Heads-Off). . Ex-vessel price, all SpeEIEs, So, Atl, and Gulf Ports: 59.0 83.6 66 73-82 {102-106} 93-95 Pons of beadlem shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 2yRaw ineadless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/lncludes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- reau of the Census. 4/Rana je in Le asag at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, ‘exas, 01 Note: June 1964 landings and ity used for canning estimated from information pub- lished daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. xk KOK XK ROYAL-RED SHRIMP FISHING OFF FLORIDA EAST COAST GOOD IN JUNE: Fishing for royal-red shrimp off the Flor- ida east coast during June 1964 and the early part of July was reported to have averaged about 50 boxes of shrimp a week per vessel. One four-day trip by a commercial shrimp fishing vessel was reported to have yielded some 83 boxes of royal-red shrimp. Smoked Fish STATUS REPORT ON SMOKED FISH PROCESSING STUDIES IN GREAT LAKES REGION: The progress on smoked fish processing studies to test the effects of certain process time/temperatures for the production of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 smoked fish is outlined in a report issued May 12, 1964, by the Regional Director, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich. The studies are being conducted at the Bureau's Great Lakes Technological Labora- tory in Ann Arbor. It has been evident for some time that in- dustry lacked technical knowledge of the vari- ables of existing smoked fish processing meth- ods and the devices necessary to measure temperature of fish during smoking, as well as the equipment which would permit close control of the smoking operation. Data are needed to determine whether smoked chub processed and/or stored as specified by the various regulatory agencies would be an ac- ceptable product. Processing studies are, therefore, being carried out to provide such information. An interim report on experi- mental smoking of chub has been released. This report was limited to results of current thermal processing studies. It did not include microbiological evaluations. Such research is in progress under contract and will be re- ported separately. The following tentative conclusions stemmed from current studies: 1. Chub can be heated to an internal tem- perature of 180° F. for 30 minutes in a direct smoking process and yield an acceptable prod- uct of good texture. 2. A large heat capacity (greatly in excess of existing commercial smokehouses in the Great Lakes area) is required to bring the in- ternal fish temperature to 180° F. within a reasonable period of time. Rapid heating is necessary to insure a good yield and to avoid excessive drying of product. 3. Smokehouse temperature is not fish temperature. If rapid heating of the product is to be achieved (less than 3 hours), an initial temperature differential of at least 70° to 100° F. (of house over fish) is needed. This dif- ferential should not decrease to less than 50° to 60° F. at the end of a normal smoking peri- od. 4. Slow, prolonged heating as a result of inadequate heat input will significantly reduce yield and result in an undesirable dry and salty product. Predrying at low temperatures does not appear to accomplish any useful pur- pose and reduces final yield. Ifa relatively high process temperature is required, e.g., 180° F., optimum conditions would appear to be rapid heating with simultaneous smoking, 40 instead of smoking separately as in past low- temperature smoking operations. Total time exposure to heat should be kept at a minimum to maximize yield. 5. Special "point-sensitive" temperature measuring devices (thermocouples) are ab- solutely necessary to give true internal fish temperatures, especially for small fish such as chub. Large temperature sensitive bulbs will probably give false readings, which may be 50° to 70° F. higher than internal fish temperatures. 6. Forced air circulation and baffling in the smokehouse are essential in order to a- void hot and cold spots. This should prove of concernto the processor insofar as reg- ulations are concerned, and also because this problem will cause product nonuniformity and low yield due to overprocessing. Similarly, size grading should merit some considera- tion. 7. Chub vary widely in composition and in quality. Higher fat content is usually as- sociated with the larger fish, although fish of uniform size are also quite variable. Size, quality, and composition of fish all affect salt uptake and product behavior during smoking. 8. Salt uptake during brining depends largely on time and concentration of brine. Two- to three-percent salt in the smoked product appears an acceptable range for most consumers. Brining chub overnight (16 to 18 hours) in 20° to 25 salinometer brine or for 2 hours in 40° to 50° salinometer brine will usually yield a satisfactory salt level in the smoked product. 9. A Significant lowering of the pH of the smoked fish product by employing acetic, phosphoric, or lactic acids during the brining operation, was not found to be amenable to product quality. Severe texture and flavor changes were clearly evident, and product yield was significantly lowered. Decreasing pH of the smoked product to approximately 4.5 appears quite impractical. 10. Smoking of chub after packaging or reprocessing of presmoked chub to internal temperatures of 180° F’. for 30 minutes yields inferior products. 11. The smoked product (chub) does not stiffen noticeably (i.e., 'freeze'') at 23° F., probably due to its relatively high fat and salt COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 content. Thus, holding at 26° to 32° F. would probably not harm quality (texture changes due to freezing). 12. The finished smoked product should be cooled and packaged rapidly to minimize fur- ther loss of yield. Packaging should be fairly loose to permit the product to "breathe" and thus to avoid excessive surface moisture (re- tarding molding or slime formation). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1964 p. 44. ar South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program SOUTH ATLANTIC FISHERY EXPLORATIONS CONTINUED BY RESEARCH VESSEL "OREGON": e U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon left Pasca- goula, Miss., on July 1, 1964, for Brunswick, Ga., to continue the Bureau's exploratory fish- ing program initiated in 1960 along the South Atlantic coast. Exploratory cruises in the Caribbean Sea, conducted in the past by the Oregon, will be made from Brunswick until construction of a new Gulf of Mexico explora- tory fishing vessel scheduled to start in1965, is completed. Pe en Shee U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon. September 1964 Under a Bureau program realignment, the chartered exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay has been returned to its owners. The Silver Bay participated in the Bureau's Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic exploratory fish- ing and gear research programs over the past seven years. That vessel was used in loca- ting and assessing the deep-water shrimp, scallop, and bottomfish resources in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast. Tagging MARLIN AND SAILFISH COOPERATIVE TAGGING PROGRAM IN EASTERN PACIFIC: United States sport fishermen are achiev- ing results ina game fish tagging program in the eastern Pacific sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, REGIUA O-. PACIFICO PROGRAMA COOPERATIVO DE MARCAR PECIFIC ARES COOPERATIVE TAGGING PROGRAM Marlin-Marlin and/y ESTUDIO DE INVESTIGAGION MARINA DE PESCA DEPORTIVA PROGRAMA DE MARCAR COOPERATIVO Servicio de Pesce 7 Vide Sdvestre de EE. UU. Ocenncgrifics de Woods Hale Pence Depertive ‘SU PESCA UN PEZ CON ESTA IDENTIFICACION CORTESELE CON CUIDADO LA MARCA ENTERA Y ENVIELA se Sf premio REWARD U.S. RETURN TO: ENVIESE A: crpremretans mas cwrease te le Anaciacion Knterasvional de Peace Deperors, £3 R Fig. 1 - Bilingual (English-Spanish) poster requesting tag returns in the Pacific Area Cooperative Tagging Program. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 the International Game Fish Association, and the Woods Hole (Mass.) Oceanographic Insti- tution. Four tagged marlin have been recover- ed within the past year by Japanese tuna long- line vessels operating in the eastern Pacific. The recoveries included 2 marlin tagged off the east coast of Baja California, Mexico, which were recaptured 150 and 1,150 miles south of the point of tagging. In addition, a marlin was tagged and recovered in the mouth of the Gulf of California, and another tag was recovered in the same area from a marlin tagged off Acapulco, Mexico. Within the past 2 years, over 1,500 striped marlin have been tagged off southern Califor- nia, and off the west coast of Mexico in the area of southern Baja California, Mazatlan, and Acapulco. Increased fishing by Japanese tuna long- liners in the eastern Pacific should increase AF FR +h FR RK AER PACIFIC AREA COOPERATIVE TAGGING PROGRAM SARA RAAB ARM ROBY RAARE parmotR = RM TRADES TRB RA ri ALS Be Bi, Be part af Coe back PAIR ELE MERE ry ARR Ode $09 ROR FPR Ee MM es (mA Rear OE CAG AVERT OR OSE REI ET) MRE ORL CTEM, IF YOU CATCH A MARKED FISH LOMB Horne 5 Re WRLE t. AR GK RERRKICA ZitsFMEZcewrEt SO THAT ENTIRE TAG CAN BE REMOVED. SEND TAG WITH PLACE. DATE OF CAPTURE, RETURN TO: Fig. 2 - Bilingual (English-Japanese) poster requesting tag returns in the Pacific Area Cooperative Tagging Program. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW < ALS, Degrasi Spres Fiohodigr and AIS <- Sereonauinont aes Fi: Asotin, Wiacale Hate Oreaangiephi ianincticn Fig. 3 - Shows the type of tag and tagging pole provided sport fishermen participating in the Pacific Area Cooperative Marine Game Fish Tagging Program. tag recoveries and provide additional infor- mation on the migration of marlin and sail- fish since long-line gear captures both those species in addition to tuna. Tuna ALBACORE EXPLORATORY CRUISE CONDUCTED BY OREGON FISH COMMISSION: An exploratory 10-day cruise planned pri- marily to determine the movements of alba- core tuna off the Oregon coast in early July 1964 was announced by the Oregon Fish Com- mission. The fishing vessel Chelan was chartered by the Commission for the cruise. The commercial fishing fleet was to be kept informed by radio of fishing success during the cruise. The cruise plan called for operations 40 to 140 miles offshore where investigators were to collect basic oceanographic data, ex- plore for albacore along a predetermined cruise track, obtain albacore for tagging as an aid in studying distribution and migratory habits of the species, and attempt to deter- mine what relationship exists between ocean- ographic conditions and albacore occurrence. (Oregon Fish Commission, June 24, 1964.) ORK KOK BLUEFIN TAGGED OFF BAJA CALIFORNIA RECAPTURED NEAR JAPAN: A bluefin tuna tagged and released 70 miles northeast of Guadalupe Island, Baja California, was recovered 22 months later Vol. 26, No. 9 in the Sea of Japan off the northwestern cor- ner of the island of Honshu. The tuna was tagged and released on Au- gust 15, 1962, by a U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries-California Department of Fish and Game research team, operating from the chartered purse-seiner West Point. The fish was recaptured on June 18, 1964, in a fixed trap net operated by Japanese fishermen near the coastal town of Fukaura, Nishi-Tsugaru County, Aomori Prefecture, Honshu. The bluefin traveled an estimated minimum Great Circle distance of 4,820 miles, growing from an estimated 23 pounds at the time it was tag- ged to 53 pounds at capture. Fishery scientists of the Federal Govern- ment and California Department of Fish and Game initiated a cooperative bluefin tuna tag- ging program August 13-23, 1962. A total of 960 fish were then released. As of this past summer, a total of 168 tags had been recover- ed by California fishermen. This tag from the recaptured bluefin is the first to be re- turned from Japan. One other tagged bluefin tuna has made a trans-Pacific migration. That fish was tagged by Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission personnel in 1958 near Guadalupe Island, Baja California. It was recovered 5 years and 2 months later north of the Bonin Islands and had grown in weight from 30-35 pounds attag- ging to about 265-267 pounds when captured. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 53. United States Fisheries FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: United States production of fish sticks and fish portions amounted to 46.8 million pounds during the first quarter of 1964, according to preliminary data. Compared with the Table 1 - U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months and Type, January-March 19641/ Monts | Cooked | Raw | Total | .... (1,000 Lbs.).... 74,132 | 5,163 | 79,295 Prelim 5 September 1964 Million Pounds 20 17 Hg® YEN TEEN \ FAS aN 4 os, \* a ‘eo a 3 er es NOAT EY 4s ary) : a) v \ “°° : om Senses. \ J < . See ee : \ S : 3 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Table 2 - U.S, Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, January-March 1964 and 1963 Atlantic Coast States... Inland & Gulf States ... Pacific Coast States ... Table 3 - U.S, Production of Fish Sticks by Months, 1960-64 Pans ——_-| anosaTznsca [ x06 | x01 [ 100 | rie meee ors ra Table 4- U.S, Production of Fish Portions by Months and iT ype, January-March, 19641/ March, 19641/ Breaded ‘Month Coaked| Raw Total pore Total rot at ir 10882) 4130 [io,aie [22,555] me | frotat1e632/ 6,623 [74,070 [1,503 | 3,054 [04,647] iecvesds: . COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 Table 5 - U. S, Production of Fish Portions by Areas, January-March, 1964 and 1963 Table 6 - U. S, Production of Fish Portions by Months, 1960- LgG4.+—— 1/Preliminary Biavaeder en eee same quarter of 1963, this was a decrease of 1.5 million pounds or 3,0 percent. Fish portions (25,5 million pounds) were up 1,1 million pounds or 4.7 percent, while fish sticks (21,3 million pounds) were down 2.6 million pounds or 10,9 percent, Cooked fish sticks (19.7 million pounds) made up 92.8 percent of the January- March 1964 fish stick total, There were 24,7 million pounds of breaded fish portions produced, of which 19.3 million pounds were raw. Unbreaded fish por- tions amounted to 856,000 pounds, The Atlantic States remained the principal area in the pro- duction of both fish sticks and fish portions, with 16.7 and 15.9 million pounds, respectively. The Inland and Gulf States ranked second with 2.3 million pounds of fish sticks and 9.0 million pounds of fish portions, The remaining 2.8 million pounds of fish sticks and fish portions were produced by firms in the Pacific States, Total production of fish sticks and fish portions during 1963 (173.9 million pounds) was 23,0 million pounds or 15,3 percent above 1962, Fish sticks (79,3 million pounds) were up 7,1 million pounds or 9.8 percent; and fish portions (94.6 million pounds) increased 16.0 million pounds or 20,3 per- U.S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED: May 1964: During May 1964, a total of 78 vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing craft, as compared with 86 in May 1963. There were 30 docu- ments cancelled for fishing vessels in May 1964, as compared with 42 in May 1963. 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, May 1964 with Comparisons [ay | Jan.-May_| Total [1364 [1963 1963 .......(Number)....... Area (Home Port) Issued first documents 2/: New England Middle Atlantic . Chesapeake. ... South Atlantic .. Gulf Great Lakes... Puerto Rico ...... Removed from documenta- tion 3/: New England. . Middle Atlantic Chesapeake .. South Atlantic .. Pacific. ...;. Great Lakes Hawaii..... be ala einer Note: For explanation of footnotes, see table 4. Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents yaeoe by Vessel Length and Area, May 1964 2/ my 135 - 135, 9 168 - 168.9 Vol. 26, No. 9 Table 3 - U.S. Fishing SRE ee har Issued by Tonnage and Area, May 1964 2/ Gross New Middle |Chesa-} South Tonnage |England| Atlantic] peake }Atlantid - Ree re NOWN UND ote: For explanation of footnote, see table 4. Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels-- Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, May 1964 2/ Horse- New Middle }Chesa-} South |Gulf | Pacific| Total power England |Atlantic | peake | Atlanti . (Nun ber).... WNNNN Neer qdnAo0o0onndoot nw) QAindooood ona _ a er el a ar er On ee 1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over, sek ose kK Se Tes sas Gis April 1964: During April 1964, a total of 35 vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first documents as fishing craft, as compared with 71 in April 1963. There were 47 docu- ments cancelled for fishing vessels in April 1964, as compared with 56 in April 1963. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, April 1964 2/ New Middle Chesa- South Pacific. Total England | Atlantic peake | Atlantic Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, |_and Cancelled, by Areas, Al Areas, April 1964 with Comparisons __ 1964 with Comparisons Area Total Home Port) ass] 1964 [1963] 1963 ssued first documents 2/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Puerto Rico Siewancland Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii Re NWR EN RONNE ENON ROR ee vese! asac B peil 1964 previously removed from the reconis. Veme! pa craft were built: 27 in 1964; 2 in 1963; 1 in 1962; 1 in 1954; and 4 abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, et is Moutily Supslemeat 0 Merchant Vowels of the United Staten, Bureau of Customs, U.S, Tress- ury Department. Note: For explanation of footnotes, see table 4, ab Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents We by Vessel Length and Area, April 19642: U. S. Foreign Trade Length —— IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-July 4, 1964, amounted to 17,793,706 pounds (about 847,300 standard cases), according to preliminary data com- piled by the U.S. Bureau of Customs. This was substantially less (20.7 percent) than the 22,414,914 pounds (about 1,067,400 standard cases) imported during January 1-June 29, 1963. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the United States during the calendar year 1964 at the 123-percent rate of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds (or about 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7- Stale = oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that quota 3 will be dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. ODE EEE EEE POWWWWWW NN DD SNOSBNDGNESOSAAROE OSA OCOWOHDHODOHODVOHOHDDONHDWONDMHHHODOO Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Be oeaaks tek pee ___ Tonnage and Area, April 19642 “Gross Middle | crega-] Sots, Jour [Pace 7 PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY onnage nglan tic Atlantic . PRODUCTS, MAY 1964: . United States imports of processed edible fishery products in May 1964 were down 7,7 percent in quantity and 7,4 percent in value from those in the previous month, [There was an in- crease in imports of frozen fish blocks this May, and those for frozen wolffish fillets (sea catfish) and fresh and frozen sword- fish were up substantially. The May 1964 imports of all groundfish fillets were down from the previous month, as were those for fresh and frozen tuna, canned tuna in brine, canned sardines not-in-oil, and canned crab meat, 7 9 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in May 1964 also were down 7.7 percent, Imports were generally low- Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4.” 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW er for most of the leading items, including frozen groundfish fillets and fish blocks, lobster and spiny lobster, frozen shrimp, fresh and frozen swordfish, canned sardines, and canned crab meat, These were offset partly by some gain in imports of fresh and frozen tuna, mostly albacore. In the first 5 months of 1964, imports were about unchanged in quantity from those in the same period a year earlier, but the value was up 2.7 percent. During January- May 1964 there were larger imports of frozen fish blocks and fresh and frozen tuna, but imports of canned tuna were lower as were canned sardines and canned crab meat, U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, May 1964 with Comparisons [Suanty —_[Vaue EMay | Tan -May | Mayan. May i964 [1963 |1964[1963/1964] 1963 | e (Millions of Lbs.) .|. « (Millions of $) . » Fish & Shellfish: ‘Imports 37.2)48. 3/205.5)205.6)11.3)12.1)60.7|59.1 Exports2/ . 2.6] 2.0] 17.5] 14.6] 1.2] 0.7| 7.6] 5.6 1/Includes uli, those fishery products classified by the U. S. Bu- teau of the Census as "Manufactured foodstuffs.'' Included are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving substantial processing, i. e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fil- lets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise processed). 2/Excludes fresh and frozen. eee Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in May 1964 were down 13 percent in quantity and 30 percent in value from those in the previous month. In May there were fairly sharp decreases in exports of canned salmon (down 37 percent), canned mackerel (down 43 percent), and canned sardines (down 54 percent). The declines were partly offset by increased shipments of canned squid (up 342 percent), mostly all to Greece. Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in May 1964 were up 30 percent in quantity and 71 percent in value. This May there were larger shipments of most of the leading canned fish export items except canned squid and canned sardines not-in-oil, Exports of canned salmon to the United Kingdom this May increased 282 per- cent from those in the same month a year earlier. Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 5 months of 1964 were up 20 percent in quantity and 36 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. In January-May 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mackerel (up 227 percent) and shipments of canned salmon and canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned sardines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply. Notes: (1) Prior to October 1963, the data shown above were included in news articles on "U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products."' Before October 1963, data showing "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and crude products. At Present, a monthly summary of U.S. imports of crude or nonproc- essed fishery products is not available; therefore, only imports of manufactured or processed edible fishery products are reported above. The above import data cre, therefore, not comparable to previous reports of "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Prod- ucts." The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U.S. Exports of Edible Fishery Products." The export data in this series of articles have always been limited to manufactured or processed products. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 43. OK OK 7 VALUE OF U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS EXPORTS UP SHARPLY IN 1963: The total value of United States exports of fishery prod- ucts (edible and inedible) was up sharply in 1963--58 percent higher than in 1962. The export value of edible fishery prod- ucts increased 35 percent from the previous year and the value of inedible products was double that of 1962. Vol. 26, No. 9 Value of United States Exports of Edible and Inedible Fishery Products, 1962-63 Product (U.S. Dollars)... Edible: Salmon, fresh or frozen 2,530,062 871,806 Other fish, fresh or frozen 1,858,082 1,135,191 Shrimp, fresh or frozen 7,748,434 3,299,105 Salmon, canned 8,238,970 7,292,239 Shrimp, canned 3,053,650 2,572,187 Squid, canned 742,394 728,816 Shellfish, canned 1,263,009 1,506,680 Mackerel, canned 681,283 671,120 Sardines, canned 715,801 1,503,287 Salmon, salted, pickled or dry-cured 509,334 528,142 Other fish and shellfish 3,037,590 2,362,322 =e Total Edible 30,378,609 22,470,895 Inedible: Fish and fish-liver oils 15,636,141 6,046,852 Seal furs, dressed or dyed 5,876,523 3,850,958 Shells, unmanufactured 2,136,534 1,284,666 Fish, shellfish, and other marine-animal products 1,845,609 1,506,736 Other inedible 732,743 568,370 Total Inedible 26,227,550 13,257,582 56,606,159 35,728,477 : U.S. Exports of Domestic and Foreiqn Merchandise, FT 110, years 1962 and Principal items accounting for substantial increases in the edible fishery products group included shrimp (fresh, frozen, and canned) and salmon (fresh, frozen, and canned). Among the inedible products, the export value of fish and fish-liver oils was up 159 percent from a year earlier. The 1963 export value of all other items in the inedible products igroup was much higher than in 1962. se Kk ok) kK AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in March 1964 amounted to 485,100 pounds valued at $233, 800, down 21.6 percent in quantity and 26.7 percent in value from those in the previous month. Total airborne imports in Janu- ary-March 1964 were down 28.2 percent in quantity and 34.9 per- cent in value from those in the same period of 1963. The data as issued do not show the state of all products--fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne im- ports consists of fresh and frozen products. September 1964 Table 1 - U. s.1/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January, February, and March 1964 Janua Februar March Product and Origin 2/ ish: Portugal....... 5 Mexico... .. ¥ British Honduras . United Kingdom. . ia rei proorSe # Dwwnrer ort roooore Nowonw ar uno Denmark ....... Canadas. . siereye s « TESLANO i fancgaye ©: o MeO noose : aon El Sauredact micliov el» Nicaragua .. Costa Rica... e Panama |. 2). 3 ss lo/> Total shrimp... . 5 Shellfish other than shrimp: MesIea Ee asia. British Honduras, . Honduras ....... Nicaragua....... Costa Rica .. Jamaica... British Guiana . Canada. ...+s-+-- Dominican Republic 4awau3d& w iS] pert EC Minnow i<) = pret tet wornows ~ oro — a oO ic ~ ono rao! 'oworwn wot! Ooortron S'rorwmiainn Rann S a 1/For Stents of footmmotes, see table 2. Table 2 - U. S.1/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-March 1964 with Comparative Data Product and Jan.-Mar. 1964 Jan.-Mar. 1963 | eyeing! SS Fish: Portugal, -) cedures of Bureau of Labor Statistics. ly 1963, price. in the subgroup this July were down for all products anc the index was lower by 12,7 percent, All products in the subgroup for processed frozen fish and shellfish were higher-priced this July and the index rose 3.9 percent from the previous month, Prices for haddock fillets at Boston were up 7.3 percent from June to July, and were higher by 5.8 percent as compared with July 1963. Prices this July were higher for other species of fillets in the subgroup and wholesale prices for frozen shrimp at Chicago rose 2 cents a pound from the previous month. The subgroup index this July was lower than for the same month a year earlier by 5.0 percent--prices were lower for all products but haddock fillets (up 5.8 percent), The July 1964 subgroup index for canned fishery products at 102.2 percent of the 1957-59 average was unchanged from the previous month, Prices for each of the canned fish items were at about the same price level as the previous two months except for California canned jack mackerel which increased slightly from May to June as a result of low inventories, Prices for canned Maine sardines were steady during July with a reported new season pack of some 300,000 cases to- ward the end of that month--less than half the pack for the Same period in 1963. As compared with July 1963, the sub- group index this July was lower by 0.6 percent because of a decline in prices for canned pink salmon (down 7.3 percent) due to large inventories as the new season got under way. Prices for other canned fishery products this July were high- er than in July 1963, Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—a department of conservation--is concerned with the Management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. Jt also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 International FISHING LIMITS BRITISH-NORWEGIAN DISCUSSIONS: An account of discussions between the United Kingdom and Norway on fishing limits appeared in the British Hansard (Parliamen- tary Debates), volume 697, no. 134, of July 2, 1964, as follows: "Officials of the United Kingdom and Nor- way met in London from 17th to 23rd June to discuss the arrangements to be made, in ac- cordance with the Note supplementary to the Anglo-Norwegian Fishery Agreement of 17th November, 1960, when the New United King- dom fishery limits are introduced. In that Note Her Majesty's Government undertook to make for Norwegian vessels off the United Kingdom arrangements corresponding to those made under the Agreement for British vessels off Norway. "Subject to the conclusion of a formal A- greement between their Governments in this matter, officials recommended that until 31st December, 1984, Norwegian vessels which would otherwise be excluded from the new fishery limits might continue to fish in the zone between six and twelve miles from the baselines of the territorial sea of the United Kingdom (a) for dogfish, in the area extend- ing from a line due west of Ard an Runair (North Uist) northwards to a line due east of Start Point (Orkney) including the areas a- round the Flannan Islands, the Shetland Is- lands and Fair Isle and the off-lying islands of the St. Kilda Group, North Rona and Sulisker, Sule Skerry and Stack Skerry; and (b) for basking sharks, in the same area as for dogfish and also in the area between a line due west of the Mul of Oa (Is- lay) and a line due west of Ard an Runair. Norwegian vessels might also continue to fish for dogfish and basking sharks in these areas up to a limit of three miles from Unit- ed Kingdom baselines until 31st December 1965, or, where straight baselines or bay closing lines more than ten miles long are drawn, until 31st December, 1966. "Tf any fundamental change were to take place inthe character of Norwegian fishing in these areas, Her Majesty's Government would review the position with the Norwegian Govern- ment. Any right to fish for dogfish or basking sharks inthese areas extended toa third coun- try would also be extendedto Norway. The Gov- ernment of the United Kingdom would enforce for Norwegian vessels fishing in these areas rules of conduct which for the time being would be those of the North Sea Fisheries Convention, 1882; the Government of the United Kingdom would not require Norwegian vessels to observe any conservation meas- ures which might have the effect of abridging their right to fish for dogfish or basking sharks, unless such measures were accepted by the Government of Norway.' (United States Embassy, London, July 8, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 70; March 1964 p. 35; February 1964 p, 59. FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY-APRIL 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza- tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Produc- tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu- ary-April 1964 were up substantially from that same period of the previous year. Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries i of the FEO, January-April 1963-1964 Apri Country So, Africa (including . S.W. Africa) 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-April 1963-1964 246.4 177.7| 917.8 | 577.8 |1,734.9 | D 1/Data not available. Chile became a member of FEO at the end of 1963. 2/Data not reported. January 1964 exports were 4, 800 tons; January 1964 production was 5,600 tons. During the first 4 months of 1964, Peru accounted for 69.4 percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO countries, followed by Norway with 10.2 percent, South Africa with 8.2 percent, Chile with 6.9 percent, and Iceland with 5.3 percent. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Em- bassy, Copenhagen, July 15, 1964.) FISH OIL WORLD EXPORTS, 1963: World gross exports of fish oil (including fish-liver oil) reached a record 480,500 short tons in 1963, reflecting the expansion in fish- oil shipments from the United States. World _fish-oil exports in 1963 were up about 5 per- cent from those in 1962 and were more than twice the 1955-1959 average. Peru, the United States, Iceland, and the South Africa Republic are the most important world suppliers of fish oil, accounting for nearly 75 percent of the world's gross ex- ports and about 95 percent of the world's net exports of fish oil in 1963. Although several European countries export sizable quantities of fish oil, the area as a whole is a net im- porter and takes most of the world's exports of fish oil. Much of the domestic production of fish oil in Europe is retained for domestic consumption, normally in the country of ori- gin, or exported to other European countries as in the case of Iceland, Portugal, Western Germany, and Denmark, In addition, Norway, Western Germany, and the Netherlands im- port large quantities of fish oil for further processing and export largely to other Euro- pean countries. Exports from the United States reached a record 131,200 tons in 1963, more than double the exports of 1962. The increase enabled the United States to surpass Peru and become Vol. 26, No. 9 World Gross Exports of Fish Oil (Including Fish-Liver Oil)1/ Annual 1958-1963 and 5-Year Average 1955-1959 by 963] 1962 Continent and Country 1961 -(1,000 Short Tons). North America: United States ale Total No, America {137.8 65.0} 66.4 South America: Argentina....... “5 «4 6 (CHM ose Bo oe We | 12.0 5.1 Peru: , Aga ce.) ees 121.3 | 166.0)112.8 Total So. America __|134.5 | 178.4/118.5 -2| 19.4 2.6 Europe: I Denmark. ... 22.9 | 16.8] 10.5 7.4] 16.1) 12.6 2.5 France 4.0 2.8) 2.7 2.4 1.6 4 11 Germany, West 19.7 22,9) 25.3 26.2) 31.6] 17.9 7.9 Iceland 71.2 ; 72.5) 35.2 | 54.5] 18.9] 27.4 1.1 Netherlands 5/6/. . 2.8 2.6 5.2 7.8] 16.0] 13.0 0.4 Norway 6/....... 21.2 | 18.6] 24.0} 18.4] 21.8) 19.8 1.3 Pontupaleee esas 10.5 6.7] 7.4 4.9 aA) BEE) 5.1 Sweden .......- 3.4 2.0 3.4 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 United Kingdom.. . 2.7 2.6] 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 Other countries (incl. USSR) 7... . 256 ||) 2.9]| 2:8) |) 2:0 A Total Europe... . {161.0 | 150.4] 119.7 | 129.8 Africa: INV Sb O00 S65 0 3.4 2.9] 3.3 7.3 Morocco .,..4.. 5.7 4.9 4.5 5.7 So. Africa Republic 8/ 35.3 50.4) 50.3 | 37.4 Total Africa .... 44.4 | 58.2] 58.1 | 50.4 [Asia and Oceania: Japan ene aces a ners 2.7 3.8 Other countries 7/ . 8 1.0 Total Asia and Oceania...... 3.5 4.8 5.3 7.8 a World total....... -9| 366.2 319.2 |269,6| 200.1 ‘1/Hardened fish oils have been included wherever separately classified in export statistics, 2/Prelim inary. 4/1959 only. 5/May include some whale oil prior to 1960. 6/Excludes sizable quantities of hardened fish oils exported annually which are not separately classified in trade returns, 7/Includes estimates for minor exporting countries. 8/Including the territory of South-West Africa. the leading world supplier. Exports from the other major suppliers, except Iceland, de- clined substantially. (World Agricultural Pro- duction and Trade, June 1964, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service.) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION TUNA RESEARCH MEETING HELD IN ROME: A meeting of the Expert Panel for the Fa- cilitation of Tuna Research of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was held for the first time on June 8-12, 1964, in Rome. The Panel, which was set up in 1963 by FAO's former Director-General, is made up of 11 tuna research scientists from 9 coun- tries. The scientists are appointed in their individual capacities and not as representa- tives of organizations or governments. One of the Panel's principal tasks will be to stimulate governments to implement rec- September 1964 International (Contd.): ommendations passed at the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Tunas and Related Species held in La Jolla, Calif., in 1962. The recommendations, most of them technical, have already been transmitted to member countries. The Panel will seek to develop internation- al standards for collection, collation, and pub- lication of data, as well as cooperative pro- grams for tuna research. While the tuna is the most important fish species in interna- tional commerce, there are still many factors concerning it which are unknown. The Panel, was formed for the purpose of bringing those unknown factors to light. (Food and Agricul- ture Organization, Rome, June 3, 1964.) se ok ok He OK OOK OK OOK GREATER INTERNATIONAL DISCIPLINE URGED IN HARVESTING WORLD'S OCEANS: Governments have been called on to try harder to work out an international code of discipline for harvesting the world's oceans. The call came from the former head of the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Fisheries Division. Writing in the May/June issue of the Freedom-From-Hunger Cam- es (FFHC) News, he says: ‘Any appeal or the establishment of such a code should not be directed to men's sentiments or to their fears, but to their enlightened self-in- terest, or even selfishness if you like." The title of the article by the former FAO official is ''The Warning of the Blue Whale." It is one of 9 articles, all concerned with world fishing, that appear in the May/June issue of the FFHC News. According to the article, the blue whale, the largest mammal known to have appeared on earth, is now commercially extinct. ''It has all but vanished from the seas because the nations that hunted it were unable toagree on a common and enlightened conservation policy for the world's whale resources," he writes. Other articles in this issue of FFHC News cover modern methods of finding and catching fish, whaling, inland water fishing in Syria, mechanization of small fishing craft with out- board motors, fishing boat design, tuna fish- ing, preservation of fish and fish products, and pearl farming. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 The article on the blue whale refers to the inability of the whaling nations to agree a few years ago to limit their catches of that whale species. The article says, ''In the future, if we are to protect the sea's natural resources intelligently, we must have better treaties than the one that governed the hunting of the blue whale.’ (Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion, Rome, June 8, 1964.) GEAR SOVIET AND U.S. DELEGATIONS DISCUSS FISHING GEAR CONFLICTS IN NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN: Delegations of the United States of Ameri- ca and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concluded a two-week meeting in Juneau, A- laska, June 24, 1964, on fishery problems of mutual interest. The meeting was convened in accordance with an agreement between the two Governments, the basis for which was es- tablished in a meeting in Moscow in early March 1964, The purpose of the meeting in Juneau was to work out detailed arrangements for pre- venting or diminishing conflicts between Unit- ed States and Soviet fishing gear in the north- eastern Pacific Ocean. The United States Delegation was headed by William C. Herrington, Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State; Governor William A. Egan was a member of the United States Delegation, together with Admiral George Synon, Commandant, 17th Coast Guard District, and representatives of the Depart- ment of the Interior, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and representatives of the United States fishing industry. The Soviet Delegation was headed by A. S. Babaev, Chief Specialist of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics State Production Commit- tee of the Fishing Industry, and included Dr. V. G. Lafitsky, Senior Expert of this Commit- tee, Viktor Novasb, Third Secretary of the So- viet Embassy in the United States of America, and a number of experts from the Soviet fish- ing industry. The meeting resulted in the development of a draft agreement which the two Delegations recommended their Governments conclude through appropriate channels. The agreement provides for the establishment of a number of areas in the vicinity of Kodiak Island in which mobile gear will not operate during the period 52 International (Contd.): July-October, inclusive, and establishes the procedures for amending (by mutual agree- ment between the Chief of the Soviet Fleet and local United States fishery officials) the boundaries of those areas or the periods dur - ing which they are reserved for fixed gear. It also provides for establishing new areas by mutual agreement. The draft agreement establishes, in addi- tion, a system of direct radio communication between the Soviet fleet and fishery officials in Alaska. This system can be used for re- porting to the Soviet fleet the positions of the United States king crab vessels outside of the areas mentioned above in order that special precautionary measures can be taken to avoid damage to the vessels. Under the provisions of the agreement the United States will undertake special research in cooperation with the Union of Soviet Social- ist Republics in order to develop more effec- tive means of marking and detecting fixed gear of various types. The agreement would not prejudice exist- ing rights of either Government. During the meeting the representative of the United States raised the question of pre- cautionary measures to avoid possible dam- age to fishing gear when the United States long-line fleet and the Soviet trawl fleet are operating in the same areas at the same time. The United States representative noted the urgency of the problem. Because of technical difficulties and be- cause the meeting was not prepared to deal definitively with this problem, the represen- tatives of the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics agreed that the problem should be referred to the two Governments for their consideration by appropriate means. The report of the meeting, including the recommendations, was signed by the two rep- resentatives in the office of Governor William A. Egan on June 24, 1964. GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION ANNUAL MEETING HELD AT ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN: The Great Lakes Fishery Commission held its annual meeting at Ann Arbor, Mich., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 June 17-18, 1964. The Commission is an in- ternational body (United States and Canada) formed to find means of protecting, and in the case of some species, rehabilitating the com- mercial stocks of the Great Lakes. Under the chairmanship of Dr. D. L. Prit- chard, Canadian Department of Fisheries, the Commission reviewed current sea lamprey control and lake trout rehabilitation programs, and held discussions on future use of Great Lakes fishery resources. At the meeting, continued low levels were reported in Lake Superior barrier catches of the sea lamprey, a predator that has deci- mated lake trout populations in the upper Great Lakes since it moved into them short- ly before World War II. As of June 12, 1964, a totalof 9,184 lampreys had been trapped at 30 barriers in United States and Canadian spawn- ing streams as compared with7,246 lampreys taken by the same date a year earlier. Both figures are a great reduction from the 52,477 lampreys taken in 1961, when chemical treat- ment of spawning streams had not been com- pleted. It was reported that the spawning run also appeared to have started earlier this year. In reviewing the program of chemical treatment of Lake Superior spawning streams, the Commission's Chairman said, ''Last year two new lamprey-producing streams in north- ern Lake Superior were treated and a number of treated streams on both shores containing ammocetes (lamprey larvae) were re-treated. We cannot be sure, at the moment, that those treatments have caused a further overall re- duction in the lamprey population because their effect will not be evident until next spring (when the lamprey again come into the streams to spawn). "A question which we must consider is-- what level must lamprey be reduced for the program to be successful? Canlake trout be expected to recover and provide a Significant fishery if the population is not reduced further than is presently indicated by the barrier catches? The questions cannot be answered properly at this time, since we do not know enough about the relationship between lamprey abundance and the loss of lake trout. We are, therefore, at a point in our program where, while we continue to see improvement in Lake Superior, we cannot predict without qualifica- tion the final result." September 1964 International (Contd.): The Chairman said programs of treatment are being continued in Lake Michigan streams, and 90 Lake Huron streams have been located for possible future treatment. The Commission's Lake Trout Rehabilita- tion Committee again reported favorable find- ings on lake trout survival in Lake Superior. Some 10.7 million hatchery-reared fish have been planted there since 1958 in an organized effort to re-establish an adequate breeding population. The Chairman of the Rehabilitation Com- mittee reported that information obtained from inshore waters indicated a further increase in the size and abundance of marketable lake trout on both sides of the lake in 1963. ''Pro- gressive increases in the abundance of the larger and older trout has apparently resulted from a continuation of the improved survival noted in 1962,"' he said. ''On the other hand, reduction in the numbers of native fish.in the smaller and mid-size range has continued due to the progressive decline of natural spawning after 1959. The scarcity of young native fish in many of the inshore areas of the lake, how- ever, has been offset by the introduction of substantial numbers of hatchery-reared fish." The incidence of lamprey-wounded lake trout in catches on both sides of the lake re- mained generally close to the low levels es- tablished in 1963, the report added. An increase in the proportion of hatchery - reared fish in the 1963 catches was reported. In both Wisconsin and Michigan waters planted lake trout provided about 50 percent of the legal portion of the catch and 90 percent or more of the undersized portion. The contribu- tion of hatchery-reared trout to the Canadian catches rose from 33 percent in 1962 to 58 percent in 1963. In 1963, a total of 2,311,000 marked lake trout were planted into Lake Su- perior, an increase of nearly a half million over 1962. The 1964 stocking consisted of a planting of some 2.6 million yearling lake trout--about 472,000 fish for release in Ca- nadian waters and over 2.1 million in United States waters. At an election of new officers, D. L. Mc- Kernan (Director of the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries) was elected chairman of the Commission for the next two years and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Dr. D. L. Pritchard was elected vice-Chair- man, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1964 p. 62. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY RECOMMENDATIONS MADE ON RADIATION CONTROL OF HARMFUL ORGANISMS IN FOODS AND ANIMAL FEEDS: The following recommendations were made by a Panel of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on ''Radiation Control of Harm- ful Organisms Transmitted by Food and Feed Products with Particular Reference to Salm- onellae:"' A. As international trade with food and feed prod- ucts increases, the transmittance of pests and diseases by such commodities tends to become an ever increas- ing problem. Concern has already been felt for some time about the spread of salmonellae and other patho- genic microorganisms, partly due to the international distribution of food and feeds produced in areas where it is difficult to maintain satisfactory sanitary condi- tions. However, even where good sanitary conditions are maintained contamination by harmful organisms re- mains a problem. The Panel thoroughly reviewed various control meas- ures, with particular attention to the use of ionizing radiation. Control was considered in the light of the present situation concerning the epidemiology of salm- onellosis and a detailed assessment was made of the products that are known or potential sources of salm- onellae and other harmful microbes. B. It was the unanimous opinion of the Panel that salmonellosis constitutes a serious problem and that conventional methods such as heat treatment, the use of chemicals, and improved hygiene are not always satisfactory in dealing with this problem. It was also the unanimous opinion of the Panel that radiation treat- ment of some infected products is a promising alterna- tive and in some cases the most practical way of free- ing such products of salmonellae and similar organ- isms. It was pointed out that irradiation or any other treatment of the final product is supplementary to and does not replace good hygiene and that the best possible sanitary conditions should always be maintained. C. The Panel drew attention to the lack of informa- tion regarding contamination of fish meal and other meals and that more detailed knowledge is needed with regard to number and types of microorganisms present in those products from different countries. It was rec- ommended that IAEA should inform the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO) about the situation and ask them ‘to stimulate research on this problem in their Member States. D. It was also recommended that IAEA should call the attention of WHO to the need to investigate and set up international standard methods for sampling and for detecting salmonellae and other harmful organisms present in foods and feeds. E. The Panel unanimously agreed that additional research, both of a fundamental and applied nature, is 54 International (Contd.): still. needed and that the best way in which IAEA can further the field of radiation control is to provide fi- nancial support for such research via its research con- tract program. More specifically, the Panel recom- mended research along the following lines: (1) In Microbiology: (a) Study of radiation resistance of additional serotypes of Salmonella; (b) Study of the effects of water activity and of the lipid content of the irradiated products on radia- tion resistance of Salmonella; (c) Effect of media and temperature on recov- ery of irradiated salmonellae with special reference to the use of Salmonella selective media. This is an initial program for basic information. When a particular product is being studied it would be desirable to investigate also radiation inactivation of other pathogens, e.g. Bacillus anthracis. (2) In Wholesomeness: (a) More direct experiments should be made on the effect of radiation on the nutritive value of pro- tein with particular reference to animal feeds. Animal tests as well as chemical and microbiological estimates of protein value should be made. (b) More attention should be given to the effect of the dose levels being considered here (0.5 - 1 Mrad) on vitamin destruction in the individual foods where vitamin content might be important. The Panel wishes to draw the attention of the ''Ex- pert Committee on Wholesomeness of Irradiated Food'' being set up by FAO/WHO/IAEFA to the problem of the possible toxicity of irradiated animal feeds and to its Suggestion that the use of such feeds should be permit- ted. (3) In Technology: (a) When dose requirements for particular products have been fixed, detailed cost studies should be made in te: mc of a particular situation so that the best way of treatment can be established. (b) A detailed on-the-spot analysis should al- ways be made in each situation before deciding on lo- cation of an irradiation plant at import or export. F. The Panel also recommended that IAEA support requests for the training of scientists from countries where radiation control of salmonellae and other patho- gens might be considered. Long-term training as well as shorter study periods in laboratories where active research in this field is underway is highly desirable. It is essential that such training should be linked with the possibility for the trained scientist to perform re- search work on return to his home country. G. The Panel finally recommended that the lectures presented at the meeting, as well as an edited version of the discussions should be published by IABA in its Technical Bulletin Series. The publication should be given as wide a distribution as possible in order to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 draw international attention to the problem of transmit- tance of pests and diseases by food and feed products and to the potential use of atomic energy for its control. (Irradiation des Aliments--Food Irradiation, January - March 1964.) INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION 16TH ANNUAL MEETING HELD: The 16th Annual Meeting of the Internation- al Whaling Commission was held at Sandefjord, Norway, June 22-26, 1964. The Commission (established in 1948 to preserve dwindling whale stocks through scientific study and reg- ulation of catches) at this meeting reviewed progress in the program of scientific studies of whale resources which is intended to serve as an objective basis for effective conservation measures. Atthe17-nation meeting, noagree- ment was reached on the Nineteenth Antarctic whale catch quota. After the meeting, the four whaling nations--Japan, U.S.5.R., Norway, and the Netherlands --informally agreed ona catch quota of 8,000 blue-whale units for the 1964/65 Antarctic pelagic whaling season. That quota was a reduction of 2,000 units from the 1963/64 season catch limit of 10,000 units. This further reduction in the catch limit demonstrates the concern felt over the dimin- ishing whale stocks in the Antarctic. Out of the total 10,000 blue-whale units allocated the four countries in the 1963/64 season, only 8,425 units were caught. In the 1962/63 sea- son, the pelagic expeditions caught 11,306 blue- whale units out of a total quota of 15,000 units. Under the quota for the coming season, Ja- pan's share is 3,680 blue-whale units; Norway 2,240 units; U.S.S.R. 1,600 units; and the Neth- erlands 480 units. Japan's share is based on 46 percent of the international whale catch quota. Japanese whaling firms were reported to have begun organizing their whaling fleets. Negotiations had been pending for the purchase by 3 Japa- nese firms of the Dutch whaling factoryship Willem Barendsz (26,830 gross tons), but in view of developments it appeared that the ne- gotiations might be terminated. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 78. NORDIC COUNTRIES NINTH NORDIC FISHERIES CONFERENCE: At the Ninth Nordic Fisheries Conference held in Reykjavik this past summer, Norway's Director of Fisheries stressed the necessity September 1964 International (Contd.): of regulating total fishing operations in the North Atlantic to insure good and constant fishing in the future. He said that if coopera- tion cannot be obtained among the parties con- cerned, then individual countries will have to take their own measures, The conference was attended by the fish- eries committees of the respective govern- ments and representatives of the various branches of the fishing industry of each coun- try (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland). The opinion of Norway's Director of Fish- eries was that trawl fishing is the major cause of the lower stocks of fish in all age groups. European fishing nations, he said, must find ways to guard the fish stocks. He said that international measures taken in that field have not been effective because the preliminary preparations for implementing them took too long. This state of affairs, he claimed, is especially true in the North Atlantic where a period of 9 years of no rules at all was fol- lowed by 9 years of unsatisfactory rules. He recommended regulations regarding the size of the mesh of nets and the necessity for in- ternational supervision of fishing vessels, restrictions on the number of fishing boats, a special quota to be allowed for each kind of fish for all fishing areas, and individual coun- try quotas. He recalled the demands made by coastal nations at the Geneva Conference in 1958 and 1961. According to the chief of the Icelandic Fisheries Institute, the major purpose of the fisheries conference was to provide a meet- ing place for the Nordic fisheries specialists to get together and exchange ideas, views, and experiences on common problems. His address to the conference stressed the impor- tance and wealth of fishing to Icelanders. He described it as a ''rich natural resource" and remarked that Iceland's fishery catch has in- creased 19 times in the past 50 years. Ice- land's share in the total fish catch in her wa- ters has also grown (presently about 60 per- cent) since few other nations fish in Icelandic waters. The only countries in Europe that have larger fish catches at the present time are the U.S.S.R., Norway, Spain, and Great Britain. But while Iceland's fishery catch is larger in quantity than that of many other countries, in value it is not as great because so much of Iceland's catch goes into reduc- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 tion or into Semiprocessed stages which are used by other nations as raw material to pro- duce the more valuable finished food products. He suggested that perhaps Iceland concen- trates too much on building the size of her fishing fleet so as to increase the catch in- stead of concentrating on the construction of fish-processing facilities and thus increase the value of the existing catch. The Fisheries Institute chief conceded that this raises the problem of ever-increas- ing tariff restrictions of consumer nations placed on finished fish-food products which prevent Iceland from finding adequate mar- kets and from competing with domestic pro- duction. Iceland has often asked those coun- tries to help Iceland solve this problem and in turn Iceland will buy industrial products from those countries. Iceland also is becom- ing increasingly worried about the direct subsidies being paid by many countries to their fishing industries which fosters an "un- natural development" of fish marketing and hinders the natural development of fishing, such as in Iceland. Iceland's position among fishing nations will depend on the development of such trends in the future. Other speakers at the conference included Sweden's Director of Fisheries who spoke on the Swedish Salmon Research Institute, and a representative from Denmark who spoke on international standardization of fish and fish products. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, July 14, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 41; June 1962 p. 46. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION WILL SEEK AGREEMENT AT MEETING IN OTTAWA, SEPTEMBER 9, 1964: Talks begun in Washington and continued in Tokyo last year for revision of the Inter- national Convention for the High Seas Fisher- ies of the North Pacific Ocean will reopen in Ottawa, Canada, September 9, 1964. The Par- ties to the Convention (Canada, Japan, and the United States) are seeking agreement on modification of the treaty under which the In- ternational North Pacific Fisheries Commis- sion was established in 1953 and charged with developing recommendations for the conser- vation of the high-seas fisheries of the North Pacific. The treaty had a guaranteed minimum life of 10 years and thereafter until 1 year from 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): the date on which any member country should give notice of termination. No such notice has been given, but in 1963, at the request of Japan, two rounds of negotiations took place among the Contracting Parties. The first round was held in Washington in June and the second in Tokyo during September and Octo- ber. Progress toward an agreement was made at those meetings but further negotia- tions are required. (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, June 25, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Feb. 1964 p. 64, Jan. 1964 p. 41, Dec. 1963 pp. 52 and 71. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT FISHERIES COMMITTEE MEETS: The Fisheries Committee of the Organi- zation for Economic Cooperation and Devel- opment (OFCD) met at Paris, France, June 29-30, 1964. At the meeting, the Committee considered a Report on Subsidies and other financial support to the fishing industries of member countries. Other topics on the agen- da were: (1) country notes on study of price systems, (2) a note on the influence of recent changes in custom duties for fish fillets, and (3) a progress report on the execution of the Committee's programs. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1963 p. 76; May 1963 p. 54; Feb. 1963 p. 62. SHRIMP INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUNCIL PLANNED TO PROMOTE SHRIMP CONSUMPTION: A resolution authorizing the creation of an International Shrimp Council was adopted in May 1964 by the Board of Directors of the Shrimp Association of the Americas. Chas. E. Jackson, Fisheries Consultant of Washing- ton, D.C., has been employed by the Associa- tion to direct the Council's development. The new Council is intended to be a world- wide organization with a membership which will consist of the countries which produce Shrimp. Its major objective will be the pro- motion and expansion of the shrimp market and the increased consumption of shrimp in the United States and elsewhere through ad- vertising and publicity. Something similar to the international institute that was organ- ized by the world-wide coffee producers sev- eral years ago is contemplated in the crea- Vol. 26, No. 9 tion of the International Shrimp Council. (Shrimp Tales, Bulletin No. 294, Shrimp As- sociation of the Americas.) WHALING WHALE DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHEAST PACIFIC SHOWN ON SOVIET MAP: A map showing the distribution of whales in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea was on show at one of the sessions in Viadivostok, U.S.S.R., of the scientific council of the Pacific Fishing and Oceanography Re- search Institute. It sums up results of the North Pacific expedition of the Institute from 1958 to this year. The map marks main areas of distribution of sperm, humpback, and finback whales, and also their Summer and winter habitats. It shows the northern boundary of the distribu- tion of sperm whales which has been deter- mined for the first time. The map is considered important for organ- izing rational whaling, and Soviet expeditions use it as an aid to safeguarding stocks and fulfilling international conventions restricting whaling. (The Fishing News, March 26, 1964.) — Australia TUNA FISHERY HAS GOOD SEASON: Late in May 1964, South Australia's rec- ord-breaking tuna season was still going strong. Up to May 20 total landings at Port Lincoln were 6,059 short tons, pushing the Australian catch for 1963/64 (July-June) up to 8,974 tons. This was 3,475 tons more than in 1962/63, thus making tuna the leader in the Commonwealth's annual finfish catch. A record single day's landing at Port Lin- coln was 430 tons on February 22, 1964, which would have been greater had not a sudden storm resulted in 40 tons of tuna being lost overboard by the fleet of 20 vessels. (Aus- tralian Fisheries Newsletter, June 1964.) TUNA COULD TOP FISH CATCH: Tuna appears certain to head the list in the Australian finfish catch by weight for fiscal year 1963/64. By April 24, the Australian tuna catch was a record 8,215 short tons, and September 1964 Australia (Contd.): had exceeded the 1962/63 year's total by 2,716 tons. If past seasons! trends are maintained, it is estimated that the 1963/64 tuna catch will total 8,670 tons (17,340,000 lbs.). It will be worth an estimated £500,000 (US$1.1 million) ex-vessel, The New South Wales tuna season ended in January with a record catch of 2,915 short tons while in South Australia the total was a record 5,300 tons by April 24, 1964. Except for 1956/57, when Australian salm- on held top place, mullet has been the leader in the annual finfish catch by weight for the past 10 years, and production has remained steady at between 12.0 to 13.0 million pounds. The 1962/63 mullet catch was 13,734,696 lbs., worth an estimated £572,279 (US$1.3 million) ex-vessel., A total of 600 short tons of frozen whole bluefin tuna caught off the South Australia coast was exported to the west coast of the United States in March 1964. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964. HK Ok Ok OK x DUTY ON SHRIMP IMPORTS: A duty of 1s. (about 11 U.S. cents) a pound on imports of frozen shrimp and prawn, and prawn meat from both British preferential and most-favored nation sources came into force on April 24, 1964. Previous duty was 1d. (about 0.9 cent) a pound. Frozen shrimp and prawn of New Zealand origin will be sub- ject to a duty of 4d. (about 3.6 cents) a pound. Announcing the new tariff, the Minister representing the Minister for Customs and Excise said the protection afforded was ap- proximately at the level enjoyed by the indus-~- try prior to the removal of the sales tax in August 1963. Queensland Gold Coast trawlers reported locating king-size shrimp more than a foot long and upto halfa pound each on a reef 14 miles offshore. (Australian Fisheries News- letter, May 1964, * OK KOK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 FISHERIES LANDINGS, 1962/63: Australia's fish and shellfish landings of 153.8 million pounds in fiscal year 1962/63 (July 1-June 30) set another record, announced the Australian Minister for Primary Industry. Exports and imports of fishery products rose slightly, and home consumption was at 11 pounds per capita annually. The larger land- ings for the year were attributed to a 26-per- cent increase in shrimp landings, a spiny lob- ster catch that was 6 percent above the previ- ous year, and a small increase in finfish land- ings. In the past 8 years, Australia's fishery landings climbed steadily from 104 million pounds in fiscal year 1955/56 to where they reached the much larger amount in 1962/63-- an increase of 48 percent. At the same time, Australia's per capita consumption of fishery products kept pace with the growing popula- tion and rose from 10 to 11 pounds annually. The leading species in the 1962/63 finfish landings was mullet with 13.7 million pounds, followed by tuna with 11 million pounds (an increase of 400,000 pounds from the previous year). The increase in tuna landings was con- sidered only moderate because of the relative- ly small tuna catch in New South Whales. In the past 8 years, however, Australia's tuna landings have increased by more than one mil- lion pounds. Australia's shark catch is growing in im- portance having increased 17 percent from the previous year to 10.5 million pounds in 1962/63. Victoria was again the leading shark producer, although New South Wales and South Australia both increased their shark landings significantly. 58 Australia (Contd.): Australian salmon and barracouta landings dropped 32 percent and 29 percent, respec- tively, fromthe previous year. The Minister said fishery products exports had increased in the past 8 years from 5.4 million pounds to 13.6 million pounds, or by more than 150 percent and imports had moved up from 52.5 million pounds to 64.3 million pounds, an increase of 23 percent. Commenting on the fact that Australians are gradually increasing their per capita con- sumption of fishery products, he added, ''Con- sumption in Australia is now the same as in the United States, but only half the United Kingdom figure and less than a quarter that of Japan. I feel sure, however, that as and when supplies of fish can be made more read- ily available to a wider domestic market--and in forms which are in demand--we shall see a further improvement in consumption. The steep rise in tuna consumption is proof of what can happen. In recent years, the Commonwealth Gov- ernment has done a considerable amount to help the Australian fishing industry by way of surveys, the encouragement of new techniques, improved fisheries management, and research into the habits of important species. This work will continue.'' (The Fishing News, March 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 41. SK Ok OK ox OK TASMANIA SCALLOP SEASON EXTENDED: On the recommendation of the Sea Fisher- ies Advisory Board, the 1964 Tasmanian scallop season on all beds opened on May 14, 1964. The ban on Sputnik (Baird) dredges re- mains, but night fishing will be allowed. The Tasmanian Minister for Fisheries said that it was intended to leave the season open for as long as possible to encourage and maintain a stable industry. (Australian Fish- eries Newsletter, May 1964.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Canada NEW FISH-PROCESSING PLANT : OPENS IN NOVA SCOTIA: ; A new Canadian fish-processing plant, built at a cost of US$8 million, was opened at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, on June 24, 1964. The plant covers an area of 53 acres. With an estimated production capacity of over 80 million pounds of fishery products and by- products a year, the plant will require more than 20 trawlers to keep it supplied with raw material. About 400 persons will be employ- ed on shore, and nearly 500 more at sea. The plant is capable of handling up to 50,000 pounds of fish an hour, and will have a maximum filleting rate of 35,000 to 45,000 pounds an hour. Smoked fish production ca- pacity is 30,000 pounds in 12 hours, and fish meal production of 150 long tons each 24 hours. The plant's cold-storage holding capacity is 6 million pounds and it can make 180 tons of ice a day. A wharf fish-holding room can accommodate 300,000 pounds of fish. Ok Kk ok NEW FISHERIES RESEARCH VESSEL PLANNED: A 130-foot fisheries research vessel equip- ped with a number of unusual features is tobe added to the Atlantic Coast research vessel fleet of the Fisheries Research Board of Can- ada, announced Canada's Fisheries Minister on July 3, 1964. This will aid Canada's De- partment of Fisheries in the national develop- ment program and in fulfilling its internation- al commitments in fisheries conservation. The Canadian Department of Transport has invited bids for a pelagic fisheries re- search vessel to be equipped for stern trawl- ing and scallop dragging, with a range of 3,000 miles at a cruising speed of 11 knots. She will have a 27-foot beam, a draft of 10 feet 9 inches, and a complement of 21 (in- cluding scientific personnel and crew). The vessel will be equipped with a pas- sive antirolling ''flume stabilization'' system to provide a steady platform while in opera- tion at sea, and a bow-thruster will be in- stalled well below the low-water line for slow- speed maneuvering. The design is the first of its kind to have a "flume stabilization" sys- September 1964 Canada (Contd.): tem, a bow water jet-thrust system, and the absence of bilge keels. The vessel specifications call for all- welded construction witha steel hull strength- ened for navigation in ice, and an aluminum deckhouse and wheelhouse amidships. Anex- tended foc's'le, raked stem, and reverse tran- som will enhance the appearance of the ves- sel. Provision is made for fish pounds and fishing equipment and gear to be located on the upper deck aft. One of the unusual fea- tures will be the installation of specially-de- signed hinged gallows for lowering and re- trieving trawls. The propulsion machinery will be amidships. The steering gear will be of the electro- hydraulic rotary vane type with emergency hand-hydraulic operation. An electro-hy- draulic anchor windlass capable of a one-half- ton pull at 110 feet per minute will be fitted on the forward deck. Two hydraulic trawl winches, each capable of exerting a pull of 4 tons at 240 feet per minute will be fitted to operate in synchronization or independently as required. An oceanographic winch is to be fitted to permit the taking of samples which will be processed in the vessel's laboratories. The most modern navigational aids avail- able are to be installed and will include 2 radars, gyro-compass, automatic pilot, 3 echo-sounders, Loran, navigator, and radio- telephones. The propulsion machinery will consist of a nonreversing, two-stroke direct drive Diesel engine rated 600 b. hp. cont. at 310 r.p.m. and coupled to a four-bladed, con- trollable, pitch, stainless steel propellor. Electric power will be provided by 3 Diesel driven generators. The vessel is expected to be put into serv- ice in the spring of 1966. (Canadian Depart- ment of Fisheries, Ottawa, July 3, 1964.) KKK KX SPANISH TRAWLER CONVICTED FOR VIOLATION OF TERRITORIAL WATERS: Two Spanish fishing trawlers were arrest- ed by the Canadian Government at St. John's, Newfoundland, in October 1963, for fishing in- side Canadian territorial waters at Trepassey Bay in southeastern Newfoudland. On July15, 1964, one of those two trawlers was convicted by a St. John's Magistrate Court. The cap- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 tain of the trawler Estornino was sentenced to one month in jail or $200 fine for unlaw- fully fishing inside Canadian waters. Both trawlers had been arrested at the same time and place--45°35' N, latitude, 53°22'5" W. longitude, 6 miles from Cape Pine at the west- ern tip of Trepassey Bay. The St. John's Magistrate based his deci- sion on these points: (1) Trepassey Bay is defined as a bay under international law; (2) the headland to headland rule for measuring territorial waters is applicable. The outcome of the second case, involving the companion trawler Esturion also from Vigo, Spain, was expected to produce a simi- lar conclusion. The Court's ruling followed a 10-months postponement of both cases, with the vessels under $1,000 bond each. Both cases were prosecuted by the Federal Department of Fisheries, and defended by an attorney hired by the local Spanish Vice Consul. It was not known when the second court case was to be decided, or whether the ad- verse ruling would be appealed by the defend- ants or by the Spanish Government. (United States Consulate, St. John's Newfoundland, July 21, 1964.) Kok ok KOK BOUNTY PAYMENTS ON PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS DISCONTINUED: The discontinuance of bounty payments on harbor seals on Canada's Pacific Coast be- came effective July 31, 1964, announced the Canadian Minister of Fisheries on July 17. As a means of control of the predatory har- bor seal population, the Canadian Govern- ment has, for many years, paid a bounty of C$5.00 on each proven kill. The recent introduction of new processes in preservation and treatment of harbor seal skins has contributed to the development of markets for the skins, particularly in Europe. The demand has grown steadily and prime harbor seal skins have been bringing more than $50.00 each on the local market. The commercial production of harbor seals has now reached a point where popula- tion control by the: bounty payment method no longer is necessary. The decision to cease bounty payments follows a careful study of 60 Canada (Contd.): all factors involved by personnel of the De- partment of Fisheries and scientists of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. (Ca- nadian Department of Fisheries, Vancouver, July 17, 1964.) Chile TUNA FLEET TO BE EXPANDED: Chile is planning to progressively expand her tuna fishing fleet, according to informa- tion received by the Japan Frozen Tuna Pro- ducers Association. Of the 3 Chilean fishing firms presently operating 4 tuna vessels from bases in that country, one firm is said to be planning on increasing its tuna fleet to a total of 10 vessels by the end of 1965. Many Chi- Brasilis @ BOLIVIA Rio de Janeiro lean ''surrounding net'' or purse-seine fishing vessels (170-180 gross tons in size), which are fishing for anchoveta, reportedly can be converted into tuna vessels. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 11, 1964.) wok ok ok ok DEVELOPMENTS ON THE PROPOSED JAPANESE-CHILEAN KING CRAB VENTURE: A Japanese fishing company, which plans to establish a joint king crab fishing venture with Chilean interests, is studying the results of the experimental crab operations conduct- ed off the Chilean coast December 1963-April COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 1964. Its findings so far indicate the need to conduct another series of exploratory opera- tions before full-scale commercial operations can be started. Therefore, indications are that the proposed joint venture may not be- come an established commercial enterprise until the fall of 1965. (Suisan Tsushin, July 13, 1964.) Communist China PURCHASE OF LARGE TRAWLERS PLANNED: The Central Trust Corporation of Mainland (Communist) China planned to accept bids on September 4, 1964, for the construction of three 1,000-ton trawlers. The Corporation REGIONAL AREAS COMMONLY ACCEPTED IN tay SOUTHERN 4%. EASTERN ASIA | “ON°OLA ees x = VS 0 2am inDIaA 7.2.52 Ss plans to use the trawlers in the Yellow Sea fishery and hoped to purchase the vessels from Japan. (Suisancho Nippo, July 4, 1964.) Cuba IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS FROM JAPAN, JANUARY-APRIL 1964: Japan exported 586 metric tons of frozen tuna and swordfish to Cuba during January- April 1964, with an f.o.b. value of US$180,000 (65,276,000 yen). The principal product was 535 tons of yellowfin tuna with a value of $166,000 (average of $310 a-ton), followed by 20 tons of albacore valued at $6,500 (average $325 a ton), 6 tons of unclassified tuna valued at $1,700 (average $238 a ton), and 25 tons of September 1964 Cuba (Contd.): swordfish (excluding broadbill) valued at $6,000 (average of $240 a ton). (Customs Division of Japanese Ministry of Finance.) Denmark FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1964: Landings: Danish fisheries landings in home ports during January-March 1964 were about 9 percent below those in the same period of 1963 due to a sharp drop in landings of indus- trial fish which more than offset increased landings of most food fish items. On the other hand, foreign vessels increased their landings in Danish ports in early 1964, (Danish imports of fishery products consist mostly of fresh fish, mainly her- ring, landed by Swedish fishing craft in the Danish ports of Skagen and Hirtshals.) The limited landings of Danish vessels in foreign ports (mainly England) consisted mostly of cod. Table 1 - Danish Fisheries Landings, January-March 1963 and 1964 Species Landings in Denmark by Danish vessels: Platfish ...5. 2 20. . 3 Brisling... Mackerel .. GIS yeh are scwre Pond trout 5 Other fish 2/ Mussels ... 5 Starfish ... . Shrimp, lobst & other shellfish . . . 139,403 | Landings in Denmark by foreign vessels. Danish landings in foreign ports of United Kingdom, Sweden, and the Netherlands . 1/Preliminary. 2/Mostly industrial fish. Soufce: Danish Ministry of Fisheries. 50,374 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Processing: Danish production of processed fishery prod- ucts in January-March 1964 was reported by the Danish Min- istry of Fisheries as follows: Canned products: 1,395 metric tons of herring and sprats, 74 tons of mackerel, 184 tons of mussels, 175 tons of other shellfish, and 1,960 tons of other fish products, Semipreserved products: 1,225 tons of herring and sprats, 103 tons of other fish products, and 108 tons of mussels. Fresh and frozen fillets: 7,281 tons of cod, 292 tons of ‘tcod-like’’ (haddock, coalfish, hake, ling, etc.) fish, 2,738 tons of plaice, 254 tons of other flatfish, 10,175 tons of herring, and 35 tons of other fish. Smoked products: 229 tons of herring and sprats, 114 tons of mackerel, 169 tons of eels, 105 tons of salmon and trout, and 62 tons of other fish. Industrial products: 14,511 tons of fish meal, 5,316 tons of fish oil, 1,405 tons of fish solubles, and 1,214 tons of ensilage (chemically treated raw fish). roducts: 391 tons of ‘‘force meat’’ with milk and flour) and 280 tons of other Miscellaneous (ground fish mixe miscellaneous fishery products. Fig. 1 - Fishing cutter docked at Kalundborg, one of the smaller Danish fishing ports. Fig. 2 - Plaice hung out for drying--dried plaice is a specialty known all over Jutland. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): Exports--General: Danish exports of fishery products in the first quarter of 1964 were down about 2 percent in quantity but up 12 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. Higher prices for fresh and frozen fishery products ac- counted for the gain in value in spite of declining shipments. (Exports of fresh fishery products were down 8 percent in quantity, but up 11 percent in value.) In January-March 1964, shipments to the European Eco- nomic Community accounted for about 46 percent of the value of Danish fishery exports, shipments to the European Free Trade Association accounted for 39 percent, shipments to the Communist Bloc countries accounted for 4 percent, and ship- ments to other countries accounted for the remaining 11 per- cent. West Germany was the leading buyer of Danish fishery products in the first quarter of 1964 with receipts valued at Kr. 47.2 million (US$6.8 million), followed by the United King- dom with receipts valued at Kr. 23.5 million ($3.4 million), Sweden with Kr. 21.0 million ($3.0 million), Italy withKr. 11.3 million ($1.6 million), Switzerland withKr. 10.7 million ($1.5 million), France with Kr. 6.9 million ($1.0 million), and the United States with Kr. 6.8 million ($1.0 million). Table 2 - Danish Exports of Fishery Products, Jan,-March 1963 and 1964 1/1964 1963 Metric] US$ Product To all countries: Fresh products Frozen products Processed fishery products . Fish meal & solubles 2/ Bo 12,323]58,500}11,138 5,864/11,600| 4,808 1,673} 9,300] 1,246 Total exports to all countries To the United States: “Fresh & frozen products: “Fillets: = Other fillets . Good Pond trout Norway lobster Others Cured prod. — & salted) Semipreserved products -.- - Fish solubles 1/Preliminary. 2/Does not include marine oils. Syinglndeds in "other canned products" classification. 4/Includes canned shrimp. te: Values reported in Danish kroner and converted to U. S. dollars. Data for 1964 were converted at rate of Kr. 6.908 equals US$1.00; data for 1963 were converted at rate of Kr. 6.906 equals US$1.00. Exports to the United States: Danish shipments of fishery products to the United States in the first quarter of 1964 were down 43 percent in quantity and 38 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. Declines were especially large in items which have a good European market (such as pond trout). Shipments of cod fillets in the form of blocks decreased be- Cause of an early lack of interest by United States importers. Later, a renewed United States demand could not be met be- cause stocks had been committed to British and Continental buyers: Norway lobster shipments are becoming more sig- nificant. *® On June 17 and 18, 1964, the Danish Fisheries Minister in- itiated a campaign in New York City to sell more fish from Vol. 26, No. 9 Denmark and Greenland in the United States. Luncheons were held for importers and food editors at the Danish Pavilion at the World’s Fair. Denmark expects to continue the drive for greater sales of fishery products in the United States. (United States Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 24, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 73. 1K Ok OK OK OOK IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1962-63 AND EARLY 1964: Danish imports of fishery products con- sist mostly of fresh fish (mainly herring) landed by Swedish fishing craft in the Danish ports of Skagen and Hirtshals. Much of the herring is filleted and reexported, especially to West Germany. Canned fishery imports consist mainly of sardines from Portugal; salmon from Japan, Canada, and Alaska; tuna from Peru, Yugo- slavia, and Malaysia; shrimp from Sweden; crabs from the United States and the U.S.S.R.; and lobster meat from Canada. ae Fish meal is imported mainly from Iceland and Norway, and fish oil from Peru and the United States. The value of edible fishery products im- ported by Denmark from all countries during January-April 1964 totaled 44.9 millionkroner (US$6.5 million), an increase of 18 percent as compared with the same period in 1963. Dan- ish imports of edible fishery products from the United States for the similar period were valued at 1.5 million kroner ($213,000), up 83 percent from the same period in 1963. Imports From United States--1963: Dan- ish imports of fishery products from the Unit- ed States in 1963 totaled 1,524 metric tons val- ued at US$618,400. The value was more than double that of 1962. In that year, imports were largely canned fish and did not include any in- dustrial fishery products. Caned fish and in- dustrial products accounted for about 90 per- cent of the total value of the 1963 imports. Denmark's fishery products imports from the United States are diversified and are not generally significant except for fish oil, fro- zen and canned crab meat, canned shrimp, and September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 Denmark (Contd.): Table 1 - Danish Imports of Fishery Products from the United States, 1962-1963 1963 1962 Product Fresh and frozen: Salmon, fresh or chilled . . Salmon, frozen ...... Grabimeat . 20. . Mussels . . 2 « © Other molluscs ... Other’.s 56s ee eee ee opi atest ant fO7en 566 - ss © 0 8 sa Canned: Sanson. ss. WE as 6, te Shrimp ..... . cee . . . see . ee eee eee » we lS ete e he . eee . oad . eee . “-* Crab meat Lobster meat . Other Total canned Salmon ....e. Semipreserved: Caviar, etc. .. Industrial products: REV OUNTAW Dis lets st wal leans eleva e este se 6s IA CAUNCLE NS Jiu Onset a felsic, eres 6 ee 60 6 Rasbiqhie is 15 \cire ee ele!s Ae Total industrial products 2,900.6 1,402.4 | 203.3 | if ka0237) J} Greil totaly ao ieee ete 3,359.7 4,266.6 618.4 | 296.0 | 1,935.4 | 280.5 | 1/Less than 100 kilos and $100. Note: One kroner equals US$0. 145. frozen and canned salmon. A potential mar- | from Italy at about $400 a tondelivered Skagen. ket may exist in Denmark for frozen bluefin Frozen tuna from New England might be ship- tuna from the New England fishery. Danish ped to Denmark onthe smallrefrigerator ves- canners this past summer bought Japanese sels whichtransport cod blocks to Gloucester, yellowfin or big-eyed tuna (headed and gutted)| Mass. There is alsosome interest in Denmark Table 2 - Danish Imports of Fishery Products by Commodities, 1961-1963 VALUE 103,723 102,771 eg Aah 391 2, 836 309 121 7 525 33 18 8 ine 33 4 445 Herring, spiced 4,511 | 3,767 | 4,074 9, 124 1,0 Cod, wet and dry ; 12530 498 863 4, 194 35 113 126 156 318 1,479 | 1,331 | 1,247 11, 126 26 29 54 32 ? 5 10,344 | 6,818 | 3,883 | 1,500 | 202,885 | 163,544 | 126,343 | 167,754 | 166,811 | 123,919 | 24, 305 | Note: Products originating in Greenland and the Faroe Islands not included. Seaweed and agar not included, 24, 187 | 17,969 64 Denmark (Contd.): in importing live lobsters from Maine. Den- mark's lobster catch is only about 150,000 pounds a year, but in 1963 lobster ex-vessel prices were high--an average of about $1.10 a pound. Frozen industrial fish or fillet waste is in demand in Denmark and could be exported from New England for animal feeding on Den- mark's mink farms. The f.o.b. price in New England would have to be about 1.8 cents a pound. Imports from All Countries--1963: Den- mark's fishery products imports from all countries in 1963 totaled 202,885 metric tons valued at 167.8 million kroner ($24.3 million). Danish imports of seaweed and agar (not included with fishery products) in 1963 a- mounted to 403 metric tons valued at 721,100 kroner ($105,000). Portugal, Canada, and Malaysia were the largest shippers of those products--seaweed mostly from Portugal and Canada, and agar from Portugal and Japan. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, Unit- ed States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 24, 1964.) KOK OK MEETING PLANNED ON STRUCTURAL RESEARCH FOR SMALL VESSELS: A meeting on Structural Research for Small Vessels is planned to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, September 15- 18, 1964, by the Danish Wood Council (Traeraadet) in cooper- ation with the Fishing Boat Section of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Preliminary response by member Gov- ernments of FAO to such a meeting was reported to be favor- able. OK A paper on the construction of fishing boats presented at FAO’s Second World Fishing Boat Congress in 1959 stimu- lated considerable discussion among the delegates when it was discovered that wide differences existed between building rules of nearly all member nations. As a result, the need for more investigations in the matter was expressed by nearly all delegates. In December 1962, the Danish Wood Council undertook work along those lines in the light of further information on the Dan- ish building rules, The purpose of the work of the Danish Wood Council is to propose more suitable use of the material than the present rules prescribe, and in this way liberalize the rules to the extent possible. FAO has been interested in the work and has asked the Wood Council to arrange a special scantlings (timber measurements) meeting this year so that construction problems can be taken up in a smaller group be- fore the Third Fishing Boat Congress is held in 1965 in Gote- borg, Sweden. Papers on the following subjects will be read and discussed at the September meeting on Structural Research for Small Vessels: September 15; (a) Functional demands for small ships. (b) Principles of design, especially fishing- boat constructions. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 September 16: (c) Properties of materials, especially wooden materials. (d) Methods of construction of wooden fish- ing boats. September 17: (e) Can functional demands be decided through analysis of existing rules? (f) Utilization of existing rules and meth- ods of construction in developed areas, for use in devel- oping countries. September 18: Visits to Danish wooden shipyards, manu- facturing plants for glued-laminated elements, etc. It was felt that the United States should be interested in this meeting because it has no rules for scantlings of fishing vessels under 150 feet long. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 24, 1964.) Ecuador TUNA INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1963: Ecuador's tuna industry continues to expand. A fleet of over 40 vessels with a combined gross registered tonnage of 1,500 tons now fishes for tuna from local ports. Ecuador's tuna and tuna-like landings in1962 were estimated at 21,050 metric tons (landed weight) of which 13,260 tons were distributed fresh or frozen and 7,790 tons were absorbed by the canning indus - try. Skipjack made up about 80 percent of the catch and the remainder was yellowfin tuna. Most of Ecuador's tuna ves- sels are centered Manta, but some hail from Santa Rosa- Salinas. Generally, the vessels make one-day trips and fish with live bait. Twosmall purse-seine vessels have joined the Ecuadoran tuna fleet. One of the purse-seiners is a Pe- ruvian ‘‘bolichero'’ (formerly used in the Peruvian anchovy fishery) and the other is a power-block seiner with an 80-ton capacity. The purse-seiners should substantially increase Ecuadoran tuna landings. Both of the new vessels will deliver their catch to a subsidiary of a United States firm which oper- ates the only large tuna cannery in Ecuador. The cannery completed a $178,500 expansion program in mid-April 1964, which increased freezing capacity to 200 tons a day. The com- pany has a cold-storage holding capacity of 2,000 tons. It buys tuna from private vessels at about $65 a ton. The cannery re- ported domestic sales in Ecuador in 1963 of almost 200,000 cases, an increase of 35,000 cases over 1962. Data on domes- tic consumption of fresh and frozen tuna are not available. Exports of canned tuna from Ecuador in 1963 were down 11 percent in quantity, but only 2 percent in value from the previous year. The United States received about 92 percent of the Ecuadoran canned tuna exports in 1963 with most of the re- mainder going to the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, and Jamaica, Exports of frozen tuna from Ecuador in 1963 were down 36 percent in quantity and 21 percent in value from the previous year. The United States (including Puerto Rico) received 98 percent of the frozen tuna exports from Ecuador in 1963 with the remainder going to Costa Rica. The tuna industry in Ecuador expects to benefit from the action of the Ecuadoran Ministry of Development which au- thorized a Puerto Rican fisheries company to purchase tuna Ecuador’s Tuna Exports, 1961-1963 1/1963 1/1962 - 1961 Item ay: wy. September 1964 Ecuador (Contd.): rey. OUT COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 General view of the port of Manta, Ecuador. from Ecuadoran fishermen for shipment to Puerto Rico aboard the company's 700-ton freezership Western King. For its part, the Puerto Rican company has pledged to make US$32,000 available for Ecuadoran fishing cooperatives and to construct a land-based freezing plant in Ecuador within 5 years. The firm has already financed the construction of at least 5 small bait boats to help guarantee supply. The Puerto Rican firm pays fishermen about $65 a ton for tuna. Ecua- doran Government charges for a license and matricula in- crease the Puerto Rican company’s tuna buying costs by an additional $5 a ton. A Government Decree relieved the com- pany from payment of export taxes. Several other companies have been incorporated to fish for tuna off Ecuador but no actual investment has yet been made. A clash between foreign tuna fishermen and the Govern- ment of Ecuador occurred in mid-1963 over Ecuadoran claims to extensive territorial waters and Ecuadoran licens- ing procedures, Foreign-flag fishing vessels have been re- quired to purchase an Ecuadoran matricula and license before entering Ecuadoran fishing waters. (United States Consulate, Guayaquil, May 5, 1964.) ROK A OK SHRIMP INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1963: Exports of frozen shrimp from Ecuador in 1963 amounted to 2,583 metric tons valued at US$1.7 million as compared to shrimp ex- ports in 1962 of 2,330 tons valued at $3.0 million, according to preliminary data. The sharp drop in the value of the shrimp exports in 1963 was due to declining prices in the United States which absorbed 99 percent of Ecuador's shrimp exports. The only other buyer in 1963 was Japan which took about 16 tons. The export market is the most impor- tant factor in the Ecuadoran shrimp industry. In 1962, production of fresh and frozenshrimp in Ecuador amounted to 3,200 tons, but only 870 tons of that supply was consumed locally. Shrimp freezing and processing in Ecuador are done by 7 firms, most of which are lo- cated in the Guayaquil area. The largest firm can process 80 tons of shrimpa month. Total direct shrimp industry employment is about 3,000 persons. In spite of the United States price decline, all the firms processing shrimp for export seem to have survived. No major investments were made in the shrimp industry during 1963. A fleet of 150 shrimp vessels, most of which work in the Gulf of Guayaquil, has overcrowded the prime fishing grounds for the white, striped, and brown shrimp found near the surface. Accord- ing to the Ecuadoran National Fishing Institute, between 70-80 percent of the catch is white shrimp (Penaeus occidentalis). Some of the shrimp vessels have moved up the coast to ports such as Manta. In 1963, the gross reg- istered tonnage of the Ecuadoran shrimp fleet totaled 7,150 metric tons. Inadequate refrig- eration equipment and underpowered winches keep the fleet from seeking red shrimp off the coast in deeper water. However, red shrimp explorations will be conducted by the Ecua- doran National Fishing Institute research ves- sel Huayaipe. The 73-foot vessel underwent its final sea trials late in February 1964, and began its first research trip, to the Galapagos, shortly thereafter. The Huayaipe will also be used to chart the little understood changes which occur when the major ocean currents (which bathe the con- tinent and the Galapagos periodically) change 66 Ecuador (Contd.): course. The vessel is participating in an in- ternational effort, involving operations in Chile, Panama, and Costa Rica, which is scheduled to last until 1966. The Fishing In- stitute hopes to develop information which will be useful in charting the migratory pat- terns of fish. (United States Consulate, Gua- yaquil, May 5, 1964.) Ka gh go oe se Be oh Ge oe BS SPINY LOBSTER INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1963: Spiny lobster exports from Ecuador have shown a consistent and rapid rise (from 33 metric tons valued at US$47,000 in 1961 to an estimated 123 tons valued at $185,000 in 1963), although both in quantity and dollar value they continue to lag far behind shrimp and tuna exports. In 1963, spiny lobsters ac- counted for about 5 percent of Ecuadoran fish- ery exports by value. The total 1963 spiny lobster catch in Ecuador has been estimated at about 500 tons (landed weight). Ecuadoran spiny lobsters are caught off the Santa Elena Peninsula and the Galapagos Islands, Fishing is done by net or by primi- tive hand methods. Satisfactory lobster traps for Ecuadoran waters have not yet been de- vised. Fishermen receive between $0.30 and $0.50 for each lobster, depending upon its size. On the Galapagos the going price is $0.40. Several persons have said that the Santa Elena area has been damaged by over- fishing. Ecuador's ''mechanized" lobster fleet, in- cluding fishing and freezer vessels, consists of 6 vessels totaling 542 gross registered tons. Most of the spiny lobster catch is exported as frozen lobster tails. Freezing and packing generally take place in local shrimp plants. A small freezing plant in the Galapagos proc- esses up to 3 tons a month of spiny lobster tails. At least one exporter ships live spiny lobsters to Peru. Live spiny lobster ship- ments totaled 5 metric tons in 1963. (United States Consulate, Guayaquil, May 5, 1964.) le cle Sle she HK OK OK oK BOTTOMFISH INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT: Domestic landings of bottomfish in Ecua- dor are estimated at about 25,000 metric tons COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 a year with a value of about US$4 million. Fishing for bottomfish is still done mainly by small boats and canoes which fish a fewmiles offshore with hand lines. An almost complete absence of shore facilities in the past has hampered distribution along the coast and hampered the marketing of bottomfish in the mountainous interior of Ecuador. With the aid of the Ecuadoran Government the local industry is beginning to attract in- vestment which will help provide needed proc- essing facilities. A freezing plant constructed and organized with the aid of the Ecuadoran Ministry of Development has begun marketing frozen bottomfish through distribution centers in Quito and Ambato. Domestic consumption of frozen bottomfish now averages about 7,000 pounds a week and should increase rapidly. The freezing plant can store 80 tons of frozen bottomfish. Fish are supplied by local fisher- men organized into a cooperative. A 17- to 18-ounce plastic package of white fish retails in Ecuador at 4.60 sucres (approximately 25 U. S. cents). Trucks without special refrigeration equip- ment carry loads of frozen fish to Quito. Re- portedly, there is little deterioration during the 10-hour trip. The distribution system is to be expanded to other cities in the mountains during 1964, and eventually the Government plans to finance freezing cooperatives in sev- eral other coastal villages. A group of Ecuadoran and United States businessmen plan to invest about $280,000 in a company located at Manglaralto, Ecuador, which will construct facilities to prepare fro- zen bottomfish fillets for export to the United States. Later the company may expand to process canned tuna and frozen shrimp. The company plans to conduct a feasibility study to determine the extent of the white fishstocks and to examine the industrial problems in- volved in the project. (United States Consu- late, Guayaquil, May 5, 1964.) Ghana GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TWO PRIVATE FISHING FIRMS: Two private fishing companies in Ghana announced in April 1964, a reorganization of their activities which results in placing them under substantial Government control. The September 1964 Ghana (Contd.): actions stem from a Government announce- ment in late 1963 that all fishing activities in Ghana were to be consolidated into one of three sectors~-State, cooperative, and small ybeasant'' fishermen. VOLTA One of the two private Ghanaian-owned fish- ing companies has sold 40 percent ofits shares to the Ghana Government. Twenty-five per- cent of the remaining shares are to be held in trust for the workers of the company; 10 percent of the shares are to be held in trust for the people of Mankoadze village in the central region of Ghana. A new board of di- rectors is to be appointed by the Government. The other private firm, formerly owned by Ghanaians, began to trade on March 31 under a different name in line withthe Government's consolidation plans. It was reported that the changes brought about by the reorganizations appear to rep- resent a loss of control by private ownership. (United States Embassy, Accra, April15, 1964.) LS. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 Iceland HERRING FISHERIES TRENDS AS OF JULY 13, 1964: Iceland’s summer herring catch as of July 13, 1964, was about 153,057 metric tons, an increase of 135 percent com- pared with the catch of 65,392 tons in the same period of 1963. If fishing were to continue good until the end of the season (about mid-September), the summer herring catch will be considerably better than last season. The main summer herring fishing grounds are along the northeast and east coasts of Iceland (from Glettingarnes- grunni to Gerpisflaki). Unloading facilities at those ports are not adequate to handle the seasonal peak loads and the fishing vessels either have to wait their turn or take the her- ring to more distant ports. Some transport ships are taking herring from the fishing vessels for transport from the east coast to less congested harbors on the north coast, Herring factories now pay 3 kronur or 7 U.S, cents per mal (about 330 pounds) into a special fund used to compensate boats for transporting herring for unloading in less congested harbors. When a harbor in a congested area is ‘‘closed,’’ the transport to herring factories in less congested harbors brings the seller a higher price--about 37 cents more per mal, Part of this higher price (about 23 cents) is paid out of the special fund and the balance of the extra amount is paid by the buying factory. The prices of herring meal and oil are much better than last year (1963). The mainbuyers are, as formerly, the United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands, West Germany, and Swe- den. A considerable amount of herring oil has been sold ahead at £70 (US$196) a metric ton compared with 45 ($126) last year. Market conditions also are better for herring meal for which presales have been made at between 15 shillings 9 pence ($2.20) and 16 shillings 6 pence ($2.31) per protein unit. The 1963 prices ranged from 14 shillings to 14 shillings 6 pence ($1.96-2.03) a protein unit. Advance sales of Icelandic salted herring by country as of July 13, 1964, were estimated as: Sweden 213,000 barrels; Finland 60,000; United States 22,000; Denmark 13,000; Nor- way 11,000; and West Germany 10,000; for a total of 329,000 barrels of about 220 pounds each. The Soviet Union had not yet agreed to pay the prices which the Icelandic negotiators claim are the prices paid by other buyers of their herring, and the negotiations were being con- tinued in Reykjavik. Government officials concerned with the negotiations, however, indicated they expected an agreement would be reached at existing world market prices. The cur- rent protocol between Iceland and the U.S.S.R. specifies a maximum quantity of 15,000 metric tons of salted herring. Iceland's Catch and Utilization of Summer Herringas of July 13, 1964 How Utilized 1963 | 1962 . (Metric Tons) . Freezing . : sp! Reduction (meal & oil) This year salting was begun late in the season partly because advance sales were delayed for price agreement and be- cause the fat content of the herring, while high enough, was not firm enough for salting and such herring had to be used for reduction. (Her- \ring is only sent to salt- ing in quantities covered by advance sales.) Those factors, in addition to the greatly increased catch, account for the much larger quantity used for reduction during the first part of the 1964 season than in the same period of 1963. (United States Embassy, Rey- kjavik, July 15, 1964.) Note: Values converted at rate of I. Kr. 43.06 equal US$1; 1 mal equals 150 kilos; barrel of salted herring 220 pounds; barrel of herring for salting 135 kilos; barrel of herring for freezing 120 kilos; barrel of herring for reduction 150 kilos. eo ok OK ok 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Iceland (Contd.): EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: During January-March 1964, there was a considerable increase in exports of frozen fish fillets, fish meal, and herring meal as compared with the same period in 1963, ac- Icelandic Fishery Exports, January-March 1964 with Comparisons | — Jan,- Mar, 1964 Jan.~ Mar. 1963 2 | Value f.o.b. | Qty. Value f.o0.b. Product 1,000 | uss [metric 1,000 ] Tons kr, {1,000} Tons kr, Salted fish, dried..... aad 535 | 13,714] 318) 1,084) 21,649 502 Salted fish, uncured .... | 2,067 | 32,976) 765] 2,003) 26,252 609 Salted fish fillets 463 6,703] 156 293 4,313 100 Wings, salted .. = 2,937 68 100 1,215 28 IStockfish ...... m0 68,820|1,597| 2,258] 60,553 | 1,405 Herring onice ........ 140 3] 6,608] 21,880 508 Other fish on ice Herring, frozen Other frozen fish, whole . 792 8,773| 204) 1,077] 13,382 310 Frozen fish fillets ..... 11,832 | 252,282/5,853| 9,797 |190,934 | 4,430 Shrimp and lobster, frozen 165 16,022] 372 124] 12,040 279 moes, frozen .......... 316 6,831} 158 123 2,383 55 (Canned fish .......... 45 2,235) 52 93) 5,716] 133 Cod-liver oil ......... 1,351 | 12,536) 291) 1,917] 14,213 330 Lumpfish roes, salted ... 3 81 2 24 335 8 Other roes for food, salted 981 15,195] 353] 1,005) 14,077 327 Roes for bait, salted ..._ = = = > = = Herring, salted ........ 13,905 | 138,314/3,209/14,180 | 135,257 | 3,138 Herring oil ........... 4,807 | 38,233) 887|11,044| 42,276 981 Ocean perch oil ,....... 28 188 4 64 207 5 Whale oil ............ 2,101 | 18,675) 433 985 3,658 85 Fish meal ............. 5,486 |. 29,429] 683] 2,344] 14,515 337 Herring meal.......... 26,564 | 149,237/3,462| 20,970 | 130,084 | 3,018 Ocean perch meal ...... 109 621 14 = = - Wastes of fish, frozen ... 257 1,081 25 347 1,072. 25 Liver meal ........... 143 943 22 130 908 21 346 S 3 is 3,514 = = Fig. 3 - Cod fillets are skinned by machine. a 378 9 6 46 y ae 32 2 ge oe HERRING PRICES, JUNE 16- SEPTEMBER 30, 1964: The Icelandic State Fisheries Pricing Board has announced prices to be paid for south and west coast and north and east coast herring from June 16 to September 30, 1964. Prices are based on the quantity going into production. 1/ ~ Kilo | Lb. South and West Coast Herring (from Hornafjordur west to Rit): Herring for salting Iced herring for export 2/ Herring for filleting (pickling, freezing or salting) 2/ Herring fodder 7 Frozen herring, 10 percent mini- mum fat content (3-6 herring per kilo) 1/ Herring for reduction: Less than [2 percent fat content More than 12 percent fat content |1/Quantity going into production is the weighed herring less quantity going into re- duction. Sellers receive lower prices for that quantity going into reduction. '2/Weighed quantity. |3/Seller delivers herring to factory for 1.Kr. 0.03 per kg. fis gD, ain ia) Fig. 1 - Fishing vessels alongside the main fishing pier in the Westman Islands (off southwest coast of Iceland). cording to the Statistical Bureau of Iceland's Statistical Bulletin, May 1964. Exports of herring on ice, frozen herring, and herring Prices for June 16-September 30, 1964, are the same as oil showed a i - those paid March 1-June 15, 1964, except that herring for first 3 ws considerable decrease in the reduction has been separated into 2 types. (United States irs months of 1964, Embassy, Reykjavik, July 7, 1964.) September 1964 Iceland (Contd.): Tike, North and East Coast Herring (from Rit north to Hornafjordur): For each ‘‘mal’’ or barrel (150 li- ters or 298 lbs.) for reduction - (Price is based on delivery into the factory's loading equipment or in loading equipment on spe- cial herring transport ships) 1/ Each measured barrel (120 liters or 32 gals.) for salting as un- loaded from boats 2/ Each salted barrel (with three layers around) (average weight 135 kgs. or 298 lbs.) 2/ Herring for freezing (barrel con- taining 120 liters or 32 gals.) 1fin addition, the State Herring Factories pay I. Kr, 3.00 per "mal" into a spe- cial fund used to compensate boats for unloading herring in distant harbors when main harbors cannot accept the herring owing to full capacity. 2fPrice is based on delivery into salting boxes. 1K OK OK OK Ok FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1964: Fives [1963 | i964 [1963 _| ore we ene (Metric tons)! . «aire 31,077 10,615 2, 656 1, 834 Note: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. se ose ok oe *K K KK & UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY -FEBRUARY 1964: [January | 1964 | 1963 1963 shots) epes(Metric fons) 2. ch..<)s\s How Utilized Herring!/ for: Oil and meal... Freezing. <<< 50 Salting) »,.<,0:».s.» Fresh on wee rset oe ee Freshomice 5... Freezing and filleting. . Salting . 22.00. Stockfish (dried unsalted Home consumption. . « Oil and meal. . .... Capelin for: Freezinge sjeie ahoveve Oil and meal... .... (Table continued on next column) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 |__January _| January-February _| | 1964 | 1963 | 1964 | 1963 + + « « « (Metric Tons). . How Utilized Shrimp for: Freezings «oe «0 0 © Canning. zee eee ee - 9 ts Total production. . . [50,692] 69, 882] 119, 877 | 108,057 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish, Source: Aegir, May 1 and 15, 1964, Ireland FISHING INDUSTRY SURVEYED BY UNITED STATES FISHERY SCIENTISTS: A survey of the Irish fishing industry was made during April-June 1964, by a team of fishery scientists from the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. An independent ap- praisal of the fishing industry in that country was requested by the Government of Ireland in order to determine its potential for future growth. A draft report prepared by the Bu- reau's scientists was submitted to the Prime Minister of Ireland. - International boundary. - Provincial boundaries, - County boundaries. == SCALE - MILES ae * 50 10 2030 40 SO SS SS See The Bureau's team members reported that excellent cooperation was received in the con- duct of their survey and are optimistic about the future development and expansion of the 70 Ireland (Contd.): Irish commercial fishing industry. Ireland has a relatively young industry. Most of the fishing vessels are less than 65 feet long, and the fishermen usually make trips of only one day. Larger vessels would increase production efficiency and stimulate trip fish- ing. Ireland's domestic markets are limited because of the relatively small population of 2.8 million people, but they can be expanded considerably by development of new prod- ucts, introduction of improved marketing practices, and market promotion. In the past two years, the sales of newly introduced fish- ery products such as ''fish fingers (fish sticks) have tripled in the Irish market. The team felt that shellfish production, catching, and processing methods could be improved so that Ireland could produce more fishery products for export to markets on the European continent, and that a fish-proc- essing industry could be established to pro- vide processed fishery products for domestic and foreign markets. One of the major rec- ommendations made by the United States team was the establishment of a complete quality program that would provide for grad- ing into sizes on the vessel and inspection of fish during all phases of the marketing chain. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 46. Ivory Coast NEW DEVELOPMENT IN SARDINE FISHERY: A new development in the sardine fishery of the Ivory Coast was indicated with the ar- rival on July 7, 1964, of the purse seiner Cap Lopez with a full load of 130 tons of sardinel- la. This 107-foot (550 hp.) vessel built in La Rochelle, France, in 1958, was rigged for purse seining and is equipped with a ring net of 750 meters (about 810 yards) in length, 65 meters (about 70 yards) in depth, with mesh of a stretched length of 28 millimeters (a- bout 1.1 inches). She is the first vessel in this fishery to be equipped with brine-cool- ing facilities, and this maiden voyage was in the nature of an experiment to determine the feasibility of that method of holding fish for a considerable number of days. Due to sea- sonal movements of the Gulf of Guinea sar- dinella, it was necessary to go as far as the waters off Dakar, Senegal, for this catch, a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 distance of some 5 days. The fish were in brine a matter of 7 to 12 days on this trip, and the results were considered excellent. A negligible number of fish were bruised or chafed, but for all practical purposes the en- tire catch was in good condition and readily marketable. The catch was sold by the 40-kilogram box (about 88 pounds) to eager 'mammy" buyers for distribution in the Abidjan area, for dry- ing and smoking by the many small fish-smok- ing houses in the area, and for overnight truck distribution to a distance of about 200 miles in the country's interior. Due to the relative scarcity of sardines at this season, the fish sold at wholesale for 2,500 CFA francs (about US$10) a box. It was estimated there were between 3,000 and 3,500 boxes, for a gross value of some 7 million CFA francs (about $28,000). This is a top price, however, and with the entry of more vessels into the fish- ery it is expected that a more normal price will be about 1,200 CFA francs (about $4.80) a box. The price has been known to drop to 800 CFA francs (about $3.20) a box during glut periods. Improvements planned by the owners ofthe Cap Lopez, a Franco-Ivoirien company, in- clude the installation of a power block (which will permit reduction of the vessel crew from its present 4 Europeans and 17 Africans to 4 Europeans and 10 Africans), and use of a fish pump for loading and unloading the vessel. Fishing circles in the Ivory Coast are en- thusiastic about the success of this venture-- both the results obtained by the use of an off- shore purse Seiner in the sardine fishery, and the success of the brine-cooling method of holding the fish over a relatively long period of time. It is expected that additional vessels September 1964 Ivory Coast (Contd.): similarly rigged will follow shortly. (Fish- eries Attache, United States Embassy, Abi- djan, July 7, 1964.) Japan EXPORT VALIDATIONS FOR FROZEN TUNA AND TUNA LOINS TO U.S., APRIL-MAY 1964: Japan's export validations of frozen tuna and tuna loins to the United States for April-May 1964 totaled 14,047 short tons, valued at US$5,046,945 as compared with shipments of 9,348 short tons valued at $3,039,039 for the same period in 1963, an increase of 51 percent in quantity and 129 percent in value. Frozen tuna and tuna loins authorized to be shipped directly from Japan during April and May 1964 were 31 percent above the level exported during the same period in 1963; authorized transshipments were 5 percent less than those of the previous and Trans- shipped Total] April . (Short Tons) . Direct Shipment April Total 2,068/ 4,259 1,579 | 1,181] 2,760|3,769 3,249} 7,020 Round Gilled and gutted: 20/100 lbs, 100 Ibs. up Dressed with tai 206, 146 | 60) 1,478) 194 1,081/ 2,664 280 780 1,966 194 = 86 Dressed with tail Fillets Total Skipjack; Round Loins: Albacore Yellowfin Grand Total April-May 1963 Ex- ports Percent in- crease or decrease Source: Japan Frozen Food Exporters Amociation. year. Albacore and yellowfin accounted for 83 percent of the total validated exports of frozen tuna and loins, of which 50 percent were albacore and 33 percent yellowfin. (Fish- eries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, June 29, 1964.) KK OK OK OX EX-VESSEL PRICES FOR ALBACORE TUNA STILL HIGH IN JUNE 1964: At Ishinomaki and Nakaminato, Japan, ex- vessel prices of 120 yena kilogram (US$302 a short ton) were being paid for 22-pound al- bacore. At Yaizu ex-vessel prices of 140 yen a kilogram ($353 a ton) were being offer- ed for 33-pound albacore. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW q(t But Japanese frozen albacore export trade with the United States began to show signs of activityin June 1964, with offers from United States buyers coming in at $380 a tonc.i.f. However, export trade in albacore was still at a low level because of the high ex-vessel prices offered in Japan. (Suisan Tsushin, June 26, 1964.) KOK OK OK OK SUMMER ALBACORE TUNA FISHERY: The Japanese summer albacore fishery was virtually over by mid-July 1964, with practically all fishing vessels either getting ready to return or already en route home. This year's (1964) summer albacore fishing conditions followed a very unusual pattern. Fishing was very slow at the outset of the season, but an unusually heavy run developed toward the end of the season. In early July, a sizable albacore run suddenly developed 350-400 miles off the Sanriku (northeastern Honshu) coast, where water temperatures measured 179-18° C. (62.6°-64.4°9 F.). This resulted in record catches for albacore ves- sels operating out of Kesennuma, Onagawa, and Ishinomaki. Ex-vessel albacore prices in Japan for 22- pound fish were reported in mid-July at 116- 120 yen a kilogram (US$292-302 a short ton) at Shimizu and Yaizu; 115-118 a yena kilo- gram ($290-297 a ton) at Kesennuma and Is- hinomaki; and 110-116 a yena kilogram ($277- 292 a ton) at Nakaminato. Prices of summer albacore contracted for export to the United? States averaged $375 a tonc.&f.). (Suisan Tsushin, July 15, 1964.) KOK KOK SOUTH PACIFIC TUNA MOTHERSHIP FISHERY TRENDS, JUNE 1964: The Japanese Yuyo Maru (5, gross tons) and Nojima Maru (8,800 tons) tuna snothership fleets fishing in the South Pacific were operating profitably as of late June 1964. Catches consisted largely of albacore and yellowfin tuna, but fishing was slowing down in late June. The Yuyo Maru fleet, operating in the vi- cinity of the Fiji Islands, in early June was catching an average of about 5 metric tons a day per catcher vessel. In late June, she was averaging between 2.1-2.5 metric tons. The Nojima Maru fleet, operating in the fishing grounds south of Tahiti, averaged close to 3 metric tons a day in early June. In late June 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): it was taking an average of 2.5 tons a day per catcher vessel. (Suisancho Nippo, June 20, 1964.) HK oe ok ok ook JAPANESE TUNA EXPORTERS SEEKING MORE TRADE WITH SPAIN AND CUBA: Japanese frozen tuna exporters, who are presently confronted with marketing problems owing to the sluggish export trade with Eu- ropean countries (particularly Italy), are dis- cussing the possibility of expanding the tuna markets in Spain and Cuba. Tuna exports to Spain are presently restricted under a quota system enforced by that country, but the Jap- anese tuna exporters hope to seek greater trade through diplomatic negotiations. Tuna exports to Cuba are presently handled by only two Japanese fishing firms, but due to de- pressed tuna sales to other countries in re- cent months, other Japanese trading firms reportedly are showing interest in the Cuban market. However, because Cuba is a Com- munist country, some observers in Japan foresee difficulties in expanding trade with that country in view of the adverse effect it may have on the trade with the United States. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, July 10, 1964.) ok OK Ok SK ok JAPANESE FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO CUBA INCREASING: The Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers Association, at a meeting held on June 30, 1964, to develop measures to overcome the slump in the sales of Atlantic-caught tuna, reported that tuna exports to Cuba have sharply increased in recent months. Sales to that country contracted during April-June 1964, totaled about 3,000 metric tons. Dur- ing the same period, exports of Atlantic tuna to the United States amounted to 7,397 short tons, to Italy 5,225 metric tons, Yugoslavia 4,509 metric tons, and Czechoslovakia 940 metric tons. (Suisan Tsushin, July 2 & 4, 1964.) TK OS Ok OK OK FROZEN TUNA SALES TO ITALY SLOW IN JUNE 1964: Japanese frozen tuna sales to Italy were extremely slow in June 1964 due to the tight money situation existing in Italy, coupled with the Italian packers' insistence upon yellowfin Vol. 26, No. 9 tuna. Italian packers were reluctant to buy big-eyed and bluefin tuna. This situation is said to be presenting marketing difficulties for Japanese tuna suppliers, particularly since Japanese Atlantic tuna catches have been pre- dominantly big-eyed and bluefin tuna. Export prices paid for yellowfin (gilled- and-gutted) deliveries to Italy in June were at US$395 a metric ton c.i.f., compared with $410 offered early this year. Dressed big- eyed tuna, which earlier this year sold for $360 a metric ton in the Italian market, has declined to around $270 a ton, with very few offers being made even at that price. Bluefin price was $330 a metric ton c.i.f. in June compared with $380 offered early this year. (Suisancho Nippo, June 29, 1964, and other Sources.) OK 3K OK oe Ok ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSEAS TUNA BASE COUNCIL UNDER STUDY: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is study- ing the possibility of establishing an overseas tuna base council to assure the stable opera- tion of overseas-based fisheries. The plan under study is aimed at organizing, under the Agency's guidance, a council consisting of overseas -based fishery operators to promote liaison among the operating firms and to re- solve problems related to fish prices, labor, and other problems of common interest. Reportedly, the Japanese overseas tuna bases at American Samoa, Espiritu Santo (New Hebrides), Noumea (New Caledonia), Levuka (Fiji Islands), and Penang (Malaysia) are faced with growing economic difficulties resulting from declining hook catch rates, rising labor demands, unsatisfactory price agreements, and unfavorable arrangements for settling claims arising from green-meat tuna deliveries. Those problems are said to be imposing difficulties in managing overseas base-operated tuna fisheries. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 28, 1964.) ok ok ok oe ok JAPANESE NEGOTIATE WITH PORTUGUESE FIRM FOR TUNA BASE OFF WEST AFRICAN COAST: A Japanese fishery company announced its plans to export tuna caught by Japanese ves- sels in the Atlantic Ocean under a business agreement with a firm in Portugal and witha United States tuna packer. September 1964 Japan (Contd.): Under the plan, the Portuguese Territory of Cabo Verde, a group of islands off the west coast of Africa, will be used as an operating base from which frozen tuna will be shipped to Europe, the United States, and Japan. As of mid-June 1964, the Japanese fishery company was operating 2 tuna vessels in the Atlantic Ocean. Under an arrangement with the Kanagawa Tuna-Bonito Fisheries Feder- ation in Africa, 10 additional tuna vessels were to be added to the fleet. As of June 1964, those vessels were en route to the At- lantic Ocean area. The annual catch of the Japanese fishing fleet is expected to total 10,000 tons. Of the total, 6,000 tons will be shipped to the United States tuna-packingfirm's cannery in Puerto Rico, 2,000 tons to European markets, and the remaining 2,000 tons to Japan. The Japanese firm has sent its represent- ative to Sao Vicente Island of the Cabo Verde group to handle the fisheries business there. On the basis of the business negotiations, the Portuguese will provide refrigeration and land facilities at the fishing base at Sao Vi- cente as well as act as agent for the Japanese fishing vessels. The Japanese firm will pro- vide the fishing vessels and handle the sale of tuna to the United States, Europe, and Ja- pan. The United States firm will supply ships to transport the tuna to its cannery at Puerto Rico. Until now, most of the Japanese fishing vessels in the Atlantic Ocean area have op- erated mainly from bases in the Canary and Las Palmas Islands. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, June 16, 1964.) OK OK KOK POLE-AND-LINE SKIPJACK TUNA FISHERY BEING STUDIED: Major Japanese fishing companies, which are confronted with the problem of declining hook catch rates in the tuna long-line fishery, are looking into the possibility of expanding the pole-and-line skipjack fishery. In view of the abundance of the skipjack resource and the stability of skipjack prices, several fishing firms see unlimited possibilities of expanding the pole-and-line skipjack fishery through improvement in gear and fishing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 methods. One possibility they are consider- ing is to replace the pole-and line fishing method with purse-seining. (Suisan Keizai. Shimbun, July 5, 1964.) TUNA BEHAVIOR NEAR DRIFTWOOD STUDIED: The Tokai University Fisheries Research Laboratory, which has for some time been studying the behavior pattern of tuna associ- ated with driftwood, was planning to release 300 manmade small yellow-colored planks and logs east of the Philippine Islands in late June 1964. Commercial tuna fishing vessels (which have been cooperating in the study were on their way to the Indian Ocean) to re- lease the manmade driftwood. The pieces of driftwood are expected to drift off the Japa- nese mainland between late July and Decem- ber. The study is being financed by research funds from the Ministry of Education. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 16, 1964.) Bae eee ook ook ok ok TUNA FISHING LICENSES DECLINE IN VALUE: Tuna fishing licenses in Japan in early June 1964 were selling at a premium of 350,000-360,000 yen (US$972 to $1,000) per vessel (gross) ton, or about 70,000-100,000 yen ($194-278) less than a year earlier. The decline in market value of fishing li- censes is attributed to the less promising out- look for the tuna fishery. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 2, 1964.) Note: The entry of fishing vessels in the Japanese tuna fishery is closely regulated by the Japanese Government and fishing li- censes (or "rights'' as they are commonly referred to) are openly traded on the open market. The premium that a license fetches depends on demand and supply. Kk KK OK FISHING COMPANY TO FLY REPLACEMENTS FOR TUNA LONG-LINE CREWS: A Japanese fishing company, which is op- erating five 112-ton tuna long-liners in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from the base at Trinidad, is planning to fly crew replacements from Japan for its Atlantic tuna vessels. Negotiations with an airline for spe- cial rates were said to be under way, and the fishing company may start flying replace- ments before the end of this year. 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): The fishing company estimated that air transportation of replacements would result in additional earnings of about 10 million yen (US$27,778) per vessel. This is because each vessel would, under the plan, be able to make 3 more fishing trips for additional landings worth 15 to 16 million yen ($41,667-44,445). Deducting 6 million yen ($16,667) for round- trip flight expense for replacements (22 per vessel), the vessel would net around 10 million yen ($27,778). Moreover, air transportation would benefit the fishermen, who would be spared the discomfort of along sea journey. Under asimilar arrangement, another Ja- panese fishing company, inthe summer of 1963, flew 51 fishermen to the Canary Islands as re- placements for crew members aboard its trawler operating in the Atlantic Ocean. (Sui- sancho Nippo, July 2, 1964, and other sources.) HR OK OK OK OK TANKER REFUELS TUNA LONG-LINERS AT SEA: The Japanese oil tanker Tofuku Maru (1,983 gross tons), which departed Japan on. May 13, 1964, asof mid-June had refueled on the high seas a total of 23 tuna long-line ves - sels. The tanker is supplying to each fishing vessel about 50-100 kiloliters of oil, 10 tons of drinking water, and provisions. She was scheduled to refuel 20 more tuna vessels at sea before proceeding to Balboa, Panama, on July 13, for fuel and provisions. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 16, 1964.) % OK OK OK TUNA MOTHERSHIP IN INDIAN OCEAN CONFRONTED WITH LABOR DISPUTE AT SEA: The Japanese portable-boat-carrying tuna mothership Showa Maru No. 1 (1,076 gross tons), which had been fishing in the Indian Ocean on a six-months trip schedule, was compelled to terminate her operations one month earlier due to a labor dispute which broke out between the crew members and vessel owners. The vessel, upon returning to Shimizu, Japan, on June 25, 1964, was be- ing investigated by the Shimizu Maritime Safety Regional Headquarters. Investigations thus far indicate the possibility of low wages and overworking of crew members as having led to the labor dispute at sea. Vol. 26, No. 9 Under a labor agreement concluded be- tween the owners of the mothership and the Japan Seamen's Union, crew members of the Showa Maru No. 1 were guaranteed a mini- mum wage of 300,000 yen (US$833.30) a trip, plus a share of the catch, with adjustments to be made if earlier withdrawal of operations became necessary or if the catch was poor. One crew member aboard the vessel express - ed strong discontent over the wages paid. He felt they averaged below those paid by other smaller vessels when considering the greater output of labor demanded by large mother- ships. The Japanese Ministry of Transportation, concerned over this development and other occurrences of wage disputes in the distant- water tuna fishery, directed the Maritime Transportation Bureau to develop appropriate administrative measures to ensure harmoni- ous labor-management relations and discipline aboard fishing vessels. (Suisancho Nippo, June 29; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 21, 1964.) rg ee SOUTH KOREA ASKS JAPAN TO LIBERALIZE VESSEL EXPORTS: At an informal conference held between the Republic of South Korea and Japan on June 24, 1964, at Tokyo, the Korean Government delegation submitted to the Japanese delega- tion a plan for economic cooperation between the two governments. The Korean proposal called for the liberalization of regulations governing exports of fishing vessels to South Korea, and for an increase in the Japanese import quota for Korean marine products. Japan is reported to have taken the posi- tion that the export of vessels will not be lib- eralized as long as South Korea continues to seize Japanese fishing vessels. As for in- ereasing the quota for Korean imports, Ja- pan plans to further study the matter. Concerning the matter of fishing vessel ex- ports, Japan is reported as having adopted a basic policy to (1) first discuss the matter with concerned governmental agencies; (2) limit exports to wooden vessels over five years old; and (3) restrict exports to vessels which will not create an adverse effect on Japan's fishery; but South Korea must first stop seiz- ing Japanese fishing vessels. September 1964 Japan (Contd.): The Republic of Korea is said to be inter- ested in purchasing from Japan over 30 tuna vessels, not to mention other types of fishing vessels, as part of the economic trade agree- ment. (Suisan Tsushin, June 26 & July 1, 1964.) se sk se ok RR KK NORTH PACIFIC SALMON CATCH AS OF MID-JUNE 1964: The Japanese salmon catch in the north- ern waters (North Pacific, Bering Sea, etc.) by motherships as well as by land-based gill- * - i amare * ; ai . ~*~ 3 os Se - Soatetonends 2 fen So hae Part of a catch aboard a Japanese high-seas salmon mothership in the North Pacific area. net and long-line fleets was as of mid-June 1964 below the catch for the same period last year. The catch, as of June 15, totaled 14,000 metric tons for motherships, 15,000 metric tons for land-based gill-netters, and 6,000 metric tons for land-based long-liners. The mothership catch was running about 50 percent red salmon, followed in order by chums and pinks. (Suisancho Nippo, June 22, 1964.) MOTHERSHIP SALMON CATCH IN NORTH PACIFIC REPORTED POOR: The salmon catch by the 11 Japanese salmon motherships operating in Area A (north of 45° N. latitude) in the North Pacific Ocean was reported poor. Landings up to early July 1964 amounted to about 24,000 metric tons as compared with the catch quota COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 of 44,665 metric tons allotted to the mother- ship-type fishery. The catch is said to be running about 40 percent red salmon and 50 percent chum. At that rate, the Japanese salmon industry fears the red salmon catch for the season may be more than 10 percent below that for 1963, when red comprised a- bout 40 percent of the total mothership salm- on catch. (Shin Suisan Shimbun; Sokuho; July 9, 1964.) sk se sk ok ox ow OK OOK OK OK RECORD LOW SALMON CATCH EXPECTED FOR AREA B: The 1964 Japanese land-based gill-net and long-line salmon fishing in Area B (south of 45° N. latitude) of the Northwest Pacific was brought to a close on June 30, 1964, in accord- ance with the agreement under the Japan- U.S.S.R. Fisheries Treaty. There is a pos- sibility that this season's catches will be at a record low for that area. Based on 31,000 metric tons of salmon taken in Area B as of June 25, the Japanese Fisheries Agency es- timates the salmon catch for that area to to- tal about 40,000 metric tons. The estimated catch is far behind the 55,000-ton quota es- tablished for that area, and also below the 1962 poor pink salmon catch. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 1, 1964.) OK KOK x HOKKAIDO CANNERS HARD HIT BY POOR SALMON CATCH: Hokkaido, Japan, salmon canners are said to be extremely hard hit by the unprecedented poor salmon catches taken from Area B(south of 45° N. latitude) in the North Pacific this year. Of the 8 salmon packing plants located in Kushiro, Hokkaido, all but 1 had suspended operations as of June 20, 1964. Normally Hokkaido canneries are operating at full ca- pacity in June-July, packing the "dollar-earn- ing" pink salmon, but this year, with the scar- city of raw material pushing up pink salmon prices as high as 245 yen per kilogram (30 cents a pound), the Kushiro canners could no longer continue their operations without large losses. (Minato Shimbun, July 9, 1964.) Ses eS Fae Be SS ES ER SS PACK OF LAND-BASED SALMON CANNERS DOWN: The canned salmon pack (for export) of the land-based salmon canners in Japan as of early July 1964 was estimated to total 200,000 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): cases of ¢-lb. pack and 50,000-60,000 cases of $-lb. pack. For the 1964 season, the pack of z-lb. cans was expected to total 225,000 eases and for $-lb. cans, 100,000 cases. In 1963; the pack of export canned salmon to- taled 370,000 cases. (Suisan Tsushin, July 6, 1964.) 2K OK OK Ok MOTHERSHIP BOTTOMFISH AND SHRIMP FISHERY IN EASTERN BERING SEA, JUNE 1964: The 14 Japanese mothership-type bottom- fish fishery fleets operating in the eastern Bering Sea had landed from 120,000-130,000 metric tons of fish as of early June 1964, ex- ceeding last year's catch for the same period by 25 percent. The vessels operating trawl gear were doing well, but some of those fish- ing with long-line gear were not. Alaska pollock, cod, rockfish, and flatfish were the principal finfish landed. Japanese factoryship Einin Maru. The factoryships fishing for shrimp were having good fishing as of mid-June 1964. The Chichibu Maru (7,421 gross tons) arrived in Hakodate on June 16 with about 62,000 cases of canned shrimp and 7,000 metric tons of frozen Shrimp. She was scheduled to return to the eastern Bering Sea in August. The Einin Maru (7,482 gross tons) had canned 90,000 cases of shrimp, or one-third of its production target as of that date. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 16, and Suisan Tsushin, June 18, 1964.) SIcue Cie Cen CEG) NEW CRAB FISHERY DEVELOPED IN JAPANESE COASTAL WATERS: In mid-December 1963, commercial con- centrations of a crab known as ibara-gani (Lithodes species of the family Lithodidae) were discovered 40-50 miles off the north- east coast of Japan. During January-March Vol. 26, No. 9 1964, a total of 12 Japanese vessels fished the newly discovered grounds from base ports in Fukushima and Miyagi Prefectures. Opera- tions were centered 30-50 miles off Shioyazaki in depths ranging from 480-500 meters (1,574- 1,640 feet). Complete catch data are not a- vailable, but it has been reported that during January-March 1964, 7 vessels (ranging from 37 to 97 gross tons) of the fleet landed at Ona- hama Port, Fukushima Prefecture, a total of 45,482 ibara-gani crabs with a total ex-ves- sel value of US$17,126. Wholesale prices ranged from 100 yen ($0.28) per crab for those weighing less than 1 kilo (2.2 pounds) to 150- 160 yen ($0.42-0.44) per crab for those weigh- ing over 1 kilo. runk Line (16.67 mm. or about 0.65 in. diam., 1,329 m., or 4,331 feet long) Pot Line (9 mm. or 0.35 in. diam., 1 m. or 3.28 feet long) ‘Access Tunnel (40 cm, or 15.7 in, diam) mesh webbing) Opening for Removal of Crabs Crab pot used in ibara-gani fishery. The truncated-cone-shaped pot is 60 centimeters (23.6 inches) high, with a base diameter of 160 centimeters (63 inches), and a top diameter of 75 centi- meters (29.5 inches). Framework is constructed of iron rods 9 mm. (0.35 inch) in diameter with the rod in the base ring 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) in diameter. The top ring is made of vinyl chloride tubing 15 mm. (0.59 inch) in diameter, Crab pot gear is used in the ibara-gani fishery. The pots are fished in units of 30- 40 pots to a string. A string of pots is fished using round bottles 12 inches in diameter fitted with bamboo poles 18 feet long as marker buoys. The buoys are equipped with radio transmitters as an aid in locating the gear. A single buoy serves as a marker for one string of pots. Rope 16.67 millimeters (0.65 inch) in diameter is used for the trunk and buoy lines. The length of the trunk line for asingle string of pots is approximately 1,320 meters long. The pots are fastened to the trunk lines September 1964 Japan (Contd.): at 30-to 35-meter (98-118 feet) intervals with rope 1 meter (3.28 feet) in length and 9 mil- limeters (0.35 inch) in diameter. Two an- chors, either of iron or stone, secure the ends of the trunk lines to the seabed. The gear is hauled on deck amidship and, after removal of the catch, the pots are resetfrom the afterdeck. The total cost of rigging 4 strings of pots (40 pots per string), including replacement pots, trunk and buoy lines, buoys, and anchors, is estimated at 2-2.5 million yen ($5,555-6,944). Vessels in the fishery leave port early in the morning and return the same day. The time required for hauling and resetting 100-160 pots is approximately 10 to 12 hours. It is reported that the larger vessels in the fishery carry 12 to 13 crew members. At first, 3 or 4 saury were hung in the pots as bait but because of the loss of bait to invertebrates and other sea animals, this method of baiting was discontinued. A per- forated polyethylene cylinder (with screw cap) was later devised to protect cut-up pieces of bait consisting of frozen saury or squid. Two such baited cylinders are hung in each pot from a point near the access tun- nel. On February 29, 1964, ibara-gani fisher- men of Fukishima Prefecture organized the Fukushima Crab Pot Fisheries Association for the purpose of protecting the stocks of crabs in the area. The following regulations were adopted: 1. Female crabs shall be released. How- ever, female crabs may be retained if not in excess of 5 percent of the total catch. 2. Vessels are required to shift opera- tions when female crabs exceed 30 percent of the total catch per string of pots. 3. Regulations 1 and 2 above are applica- ble to the catch of male crabs having a car- apace of less than 10 centimeters (3.9 inches). 4. The number of crab pots fished per vessel shall not exceed 160. 5. The maximum tonnage of a vessel en- gaged in the fishery shall not exceed 100 gross tons. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 6. Fishing shall be conducted in waters outside the range of the trawl fishery. The production potential of the new fishery cannot be determined from the limited data now available. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 13, 1964.) ATLANTIC TRAWL FISHERY, 1963: In calendar year 1963, 34 Japanese trawl- ers operated in the Atlantic Ocean off West Africa. They produced a total of 92,000 metric tons of bottomfish, consisting of 39,000 tons of sea bream, 18,000 tons of ''monko" squid, 7,000 tons of octopus, and 28,000 tons of mis- cellaneous fish (including mackerel and 'mer- luza"'). Of that total 38,300 metric tons were exported to European and African countries, as follows (in metric tons): Ghana 11,500, Italy 5,500, Nigeria 5,500, Greece 4,000, Spain 3,500, others (including Rumania, Li- beria, and Sierra Leone) 8,300. These data were reported by the Japanese Fisheries Agency. (Shin Suisan Shimbun, June 22, 1964.) KK KOK REFRIGERATED CARRIERS BEING BUILT FOR ATLANTIC TRAWL FLEET: A large Japanese fishing company as of early July 1964 had under construction two 1,800-ton refrigerated fishery carrier ves- sels, scheduled to be employed for transport- ing Atlantic trawl catches back to Japan. The same firm is also planning to build two more Similar carrier vessels for the Atlantic run. Upon completion of those 4 vessels, the firm will have a total of 6 refrigerated carrier vessels serving its Atlantic trawl fleet, in- cluding the two 1,800-ton carrier vessels (Banshu Maru Nos. 11 & 12), built earlier this year and now assigned to the Atlantic Ocean fishery. (Minato Shimbun, July 8, 1964.) STERN-TRAWLER CANNERY BUILT FOR SHRIMP FISHERY: Another Japanese fishing firm is building a 3,500-ton stern trawler equipped with acan- ning plant, the first Japanese trawler to be equipped with canning facilities. The trawler, which was scheduled to be launched on July 23, 1964, will have a daily production capacity of 500 cases (24 8-oz. cans) of canned shrimp. Unlike factoryships which require a fleet of catcher vessels, the new vessel will be capa- 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): ble of operating independently. The firm plans to assign the trawler to the shrimp fishery in northern waters (Bering Sea, North Pacifie Ocean, Okhotsk Sea) where factory- ship-type shrimp operations have often proved to be unprofitable due to the high operating costs of factoryship-type fleet operations. (Minato Shimbun, July 4, 1964.) Se cena cmere: FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION PERMITS ISSUED JUNE 16, 1964: On June 16, 1964, the Japanese Fisheries Agency issued permits for the construction of 21 fishing vessels: 8 wooden vessels (to- taling 378 gross tons) and 11 steel vessels (totaling 6,931 gross tons). Included were permits for a 999-ton steel trawler, two 2,930-ton fish carriers, two 99-ton tuna long- liners, a 499-ton portable-boat-carrying tuna mothership and a 19-ton portable boat. (Sui- san Keizai Shimbun, June 17, 1964.) pane OSS Gk SH SK FISHERY PRODUCTION IN 1963: The 1963 Japanese fishery production to- taled 6,697,000 metric tons (excluding whale production), according to data released by the Fisheries Statistics Section, Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The 1963 production was down about 160,000 metric tons from 1962 landings (which totaled 6,860,000 metric tons). For the first time since 1955, fishery production in Japan failed to maintain the steady annual growth that had been recorded until 1962. Tuna long-line catches in 1963 totaled 532,000 metric tons, a 0.6-percent decrease from 1962. Pole-and-line tuna fishery pro- duction in 1963 with 158,000 metric tons de- clined 16 percent below 1962. The distant-water trawl fishery with 793,000 metric tons of landings in 1963, showed a 14-percent decrease from 1962. This decline was primarily ascribed to re- duced mothership fleet operations in the “northern waters'' (North Pacific, Bering Sea, etc.) bottom trawl fishery in 1963. Catches of 113,000 metric tons from distant- water trawl operations in the Atlantic Ocean and in waters off New Zealand and Australia, on the other hand, were reported to have al- most doubled those for 1962. Fig. 1 - A 30-foot long-liner bringing the morning's catch of marlin and tuna to the mothership. Note skates of line forward. A review of Japanese fishery production trends shows that from 1957 to 1961, the dis- tant-water fisheries (pole-and-line and long- line tuna fisheries, bottom trawl fishery, and mothership-type salmon and crab fisheries) Fig. 2 - Washing and packing mackerel aboard a Japanese fishing vessel. September 1964 Japan (Contd.): Fig. 4 - Repairing nets aboard a Japanese mothership. primarily accounted for Japan's yearly pro- duction growth. Those fisheries combined showed an annual average increase of 14 per- cent as compared with only 5.4 percent for inshore fisheries and 2.7 percent for offshore fisheries. However, the distant-water fish- ery production after 1961 began to decline at a rate of 13 percent each year, and in 1963, the production of 1,520,000 metric tons was 9 percent below 1962. (Suisan Keizai Shim - bun, sae 4; Nihon Keizai Shimbun, July ly 4, 1964 KKK KK STATUS OF 1963 OVERSEAS-BASED FISHERIES TO BE STUDIED: The Finance Committee of the Japanese House of Councilors (Upper House) is ex- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tg pected to begin a study of the status of the Jap- anese overseas-based fisheries in connection with tariff and labor problems. The Commit- tee has called on the Japanese Fisheries Agen- cy to furnish data on those fisheries, and the Agency has supplied the following data to that Committee: Status of Japan's Overseas-Based ed Fisheries, 1963 | 1963 Farce | Vesels [Fishermen] Catch | Value The amount of foreign exchange earned by the overseas-based fisheries is reported to be: Pacific Ocean 1,850 million yen (US$5.1 million); Indian Ocean 230 million yen (US$0.6 million); Atlantic Ocean (tuna) 11,380 million yen (US$31.6 million); and Atlantic Ocean (trawl) 2,640 million yen (US$7.3 million). (Minato Shimbun, June 5, 1964.) xk XX NEW FISHING PORT IN OSAKA PREFECTURE: The relatively minor port city of IZumisano in Osaka Prefecture will become one of Japan's largest fishing ports if plans under consider- ation are developed. With the intention of re- ducing the transportation costs for fresh fish consumed in the Kobe-Osaka area, Osaka Pre- fecture has begun building a completely new fishing port at Izumisano City just south of Sakai. That area's supply of fresh fish now comes from such distant ports as Shizuoka and Shimonoseki with the result that transpor- tation costs are high. Following the comple- tion of Izumisano Port, fishing vessels would be able to deliver their catches practically to Osaka's doorstep. In December 1963, Osaka Prefecture be- gan to reclaim about 300 acres of land from the sea. It is planned that the land will be used by about 5 private fishing companies for their processing plants, refrigeration facili- ties, and ship maintenance buildings. The Japanese Government also plans to build a large refrigerated storage facility. Four large refrigeration factoryships of 15,000 gross tons each and 10 fishing vessels in the 3,000-ton class would be able to dock in the port at one time. Prefectural officials esti- mate that 170,000 metric tons of fish would 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): pass through the port annually. Railway and road connections will be constructed to con- nect the port with Osaka City and the rest of the Kinki. It was reported that Japan's five largest fishing companies have informally agreed to establish plants in Izumisano, but final nego- tiations cannot be undertaken until the Pre- fecture determines the cost of the land. Such a determination is to be made upon comple- tion of the reclamation work in about four years. Prefectural officials say the project is certain to be a success. The cost of the reclamation project is es- timated at 800 million yen (US$2.2 million) of which about $425,000 is to be financed by the national Government and the balance covered by public bonds. Concern for the high cost of transportation and distribution of food products is reported to be growing in Japan and the Izumisano project would doubtless be a forerunner for other moves to centralize food production nearer the centers of consumption. Such de- velopments should favorably affect prices, but they will also have the effect of bringing more people and industries into the already congested metropolitan centers. Izumisano Port, with its centralized mod- ern facilities, would be a further contribution, to the productivity of the already highly effi- cient Japanese fishing industry. This pro- posed project is seen as further evidence of Osaka's strong push to develop new seaboard industrial complexes and renew the area’s economic strength by diversification. (United States Consulate, Kobe-Osaka, June 24, 1964.) 4 OK OK ok FROZEN FISH SALES PROMOTION PLANNED: The Japan Frozen Fish Association, whose objective is to promote domestic sales of fro- zen fishery products, held its first inaugural meeting at Tokyo on June 1, 1964. The Asso- ciation plans to employ the mass media for promotional purposes and seek to improve the quality of frozen fishery products. It also plans to establish 20 model frozen fish stores in Tokyo. The Association members include the six largest fishing companies in Japan and the Vol. 26, No. 9 National Federation of Fishermen's Cooper - ative Associations (ZENGYOREN). The Jap- anese Government is subsidizing one-half of the Association's Fiscal Year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965) budget of 40 million yen (US$111,000). (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 2, 1964.) mk ke HK OOK ook ok OK FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES USED IN MIXED FEED, 1958-1963: Japan's use of protein concentrates (all sources) in the production of mixed feed for livestock has increased almost fivefold in the last six years. Fish meal accounted for 35.2 percent of the total protein concentrates used in mixed feed in 1958, but only 27.9 percent of the total in 1963. However, fish solubles were used as an ingredient in mixed feed for the first time in 1963 and accounted for 5.8 percent of the total (see table). Japan's Consumption of Protein Concentrate in the Mixed Feed Industry 2 « © © © « » (1,000 Metric Tons)... . 286, 4 [225.7] 213.3 | 149.4/101.3} 73.2 Commodity ish meal and cake [Fish solubles .. . (Vegetable oil seedmeals ... 680.1 |526.5| 435.9 | 292.0 |187.2)134.6 The increase in usage of protein concen- trates reflects the sharp upward trend that has occurred in Japan's mixed feed industry as a result of increased demands by the fast= growing livestock industry. (Foreign Agri- culture, June 29, 1964, U. S. Department of Agriculture.) ok KK ANTARCTIC WHALE CATCH AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED, 1963/64: Japan's Seven whaling fleets caught 4,599.83 blue-whale units during the 1963/64 Antarctic whaling season, reported the Japanese Fish- ery Agency this past July. Japan thus at- tained its quota of 4,600 units of the 10,000 blue-whale units set by the International Whal- ing Commission. The baleen whale catch yielded 12 percent more oil than the target set. Other products exceeding the target were frozen whale meat (up 4 percent), salted meat (up 1 percent), and sperm whale oil (up 19 percent). (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 15, 1964.) September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 Japan (Contd.): Japan's Antarctic Baleen Whale Catch, Products Produced, and Sperm Whale Oil Output, 1963/64 Season (Figures in Parentheses Indicate Targets of Catch and Production) Fleet Froducs: Preduced Yield of Sperm Baleen Oi Salted Meat Whale Oi Blue-Whale Units Pounds onan Maru ..eeceece 706.00 17,017 (706. 10) = (14,786) onan Maru No.2 ... 715,33 15,218 25,709 1,270 120 15,957 706,11 12,708 (21, 180 1,151) - 14,786 isshi 787.50 17,480 23, 196 1,194 531 21,098 (761. 66) (14, 471) (21, 438) (1, 164) (410) (16, 790) 746.66 21,525 1,178 1,625 21,281 (761.66 (21, 438) (1, 164) (1,582) (16, 790) 67 70 i 110,00 3,790 4,464 111,15 3, 128 52 64 2,449 848. 18 18,210 23,584 668 1, 343 33,510 761.66) 14,091 20, 184) 800 (1, 249 18, 470 686.16 13, 650 20,424 559 1,268 8, 320 (761. 66) (14,091) (20, 184) (692) (1, 249) (18, 470) 4,599.83 95, 376 144,418 6,243 5,077 121, 647 (4, 600.00) (84, 921) (138,734) (6, 174) = (102,541) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 62; Jan- uary 1964 p. 60. antibiotic boosted production of top-quality pearls by as much as 30 percent. These are the brilliant 'hanadama" or ''moon tear" pearls, perfect in shape and without a stain, and which over the past 70 years have been hardly 5 percent of the total yield, the scien- CULTURED PEARL QUALITY IMPROVED BY USE OF ANTIBIOTIC: Modern science has come to the aid of Ja- pan's 500-year old cultured pear! industry, see and the result is healthier oysters and bigger The special aureomycin formulation, de- and better pearls. The key to increased pearl] veloped by an internationally known drug firm, production is a new technique using the anti- | also led to an important increase in total pearl biotic aureomycin chlortetracycline. yield, a decrease in the percentage of value- less blemished pearls, and lowered the ''death rate'' among weak pearl oysters. In the new technique, both oysters and the instruments used to insert the nucleus are dipped in a solution composed of 10 parts aure-- omycin to one million parts of sea water. The mantle piece is dyed with 2 percent mercuro- chrome solution which has been diluted by sea water containing 20 parts per million of the antibiotic. The Japanese scientist attributed the im- proved rate of pearl production and the higher quality of pearls harvested from treated oys- ters to the broad-spectrum. action of aureo- mycin against bacteria. He decided that bac- teria, which enter the oyster at the time of im- pregnation with the nucleus and mantle piece, adversely affect pearl formation. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, March, 1964.) Pearl oyster rafts in Kaskiojima Ago Bay, Japan. A scientist on the staff of the Fisheries School of Mie Prefecture in south central Japan, in an article in the Japanese publica- tion Fishery Science Monthly, described tests extending over 4 years in which the 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Republic of Korea NEGOTIATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL TUNA VESSELS: On May 28, 1964, the Economic Ministers of the Korean Government approved an arrangement for a newly established company in Seoul, Korea, to import ten 300-ton tuna fishing vessels from a Japanese firm. Since the Korean Govern- ment decided in February 1964 not to issue repayment guar- anties for private commercial loans, Cabinet approval of the transaction will be required, The value of the contract was cited as US$2.7 million in principal; terms are repayment in 10 years (after a grace period of a year and a half); with interest of 6 percent per year. On June 2, 1964, the Foreign Investment Promotion Com- mittee of the Korean;|Government approved an arrangement whereby a shipbuilding firm in Pusan, Korea, is to obtain a loan of $380,000 from a Japanese firm which will be used for the construction of 10 vessels, Two of the vessels are to be freighters of 500 tons each, while 4 are to be 140-ton long-line tuna vessels, and 4 are to be 100-ton trawlers. The Japanese loan for the Pusan shipbuilding firm must be approved by the Economic Ministers as well as the Cabinet of the Korean Government, It is understood that the Korean shipbuilding firm plans to import some components from the Japanese firm and to construct the vessels in Pusan yards. Terms call for the Japanese firm to meet its obliga- tion within seven months after final approval of the loan by the Korean Government. Payment is to be in annual install- ments in the 5 years following the approval of the imported materials, By July 1964, the Korean shipbuilder in Pusan was sched- uled to complete six 145-ton tuna vessels which the com- pany has been constructing for a Korean company under a loan from a United States tuna canning company. The current reluctance of the Korean Government to guarantee repayment may prevent conclusion of the tentative agreements described above. The proposed new vessels would be a significant addition to the 40 vessels (totaling 5,855 tons) which private Korean companies have undertaken to procure and for which the fxorean Government has guar- anteed loans in the past year, Also, initial deliveries are due early in 1965 of the 91 vessels covered under the first phase of the contract with the Italian- French Consortium, (United States Embassy, Seoul, June 16, 1964.) Liberia FISHING INDUSTRY UNDERGOING MODERN EXPANSION: The Liberian commercial fishing industry has experienced a spectacular development Since mid-1963, the impact of which is being felt throughout the country. Liberia's largest fishing company recognized the need for. in- creased quantities of low-priced fishery prod- ucts, as well as the need for modern distribu- tion methods in order to reach the country's inland areas. That fishing company and its affiliates is made up of Liberian interests, some members of the Liberian Government, and Danish interests. Affiliated companies in other countries include firms in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. To achieve its goals, the Liberian fishing company has taken the fol- lowing major steps: 1. Contracted with about 11 foreign-flag offshore trawlers (mostly Japanese) to de- liver fish that is frozen at sea to Monrovia. The frozen fish will be in boxes of 20 kilo- grams (44 pounds) each. Species will include mackerel, red snapper, black snapper, her- ting (sardinella), and sole. Monthly landings in May 1964 reached an average of close to 700 metric tons. The landings are expected to reach 1,000 tons by the end of 1964. 2. Invested in a fleet of insulated and, in some cases, refrigerated trucks for delivery of frozen fishery products in good condition to inland areas. 3. Built a new and modern freezing, cold- storage and ice plant at Monrovia capable of storing up to 1,500 tons of frozen fishery prod- ucts, freezing up to 100 tons of fish a day and producing 30 tons of block ice a day. The cold- storage plant was to be expanded to a capacity of 4,000 tons. 4, Built 6 inland cold-storage depots (a seventh is planned) at strategic locations throughout Liberia, with storage capacities of from 20 to 120 tons each (mostly 20 to 25 tons), Those are located at the population centers and cover all of the interior of Liberia with the ex- ception of parts of the Eastern Province, which are inaccessible until the road construction project being planned is completed. The Liberian fishing company is trying hard to maintain the retail price level of its fish within reach of the population as a whole. As of June 1964, wholesale prices ranged from US$4.50 to $7.00 a carton of 20 kilos (10 to 16 U.S. cents a pound), with average retail prices between 15 cents and 20 cents. The demand for fishery products has been very strong, and the quantity distributed inland from the cold- storage depots was climbing steadily. Some 50 percent of the total was being distributed inland and the remaining 50 percent was con- sumed in the Monrovia area (containing about one-third of the nation's population of about 1 million). Fishery landings of 700 tons in May, or 8,400 tons a year, compares with only 795 tons for all of 1963, which was a poor year, and about 1,700 tons for each of 1962 and 1961. One of the reasons for the low 1963 landings was that all of the fishing vessels of Liberia's foremost fishing company, which landed the bulk of the local catches, were transferred to Sierre Leone for repairs and servicing. Another reason was that the Libe- September 1964 Liberia (Contd.): SIERRA MANO RIVER yee i LY ov" (Wotonat iron Ore Co) s rs aa Ps it} - / , Teen veo ad i we? ot Bendoya Tokpoima Ae 5 ” AR D we —“Belie Kpomu J au on Ji : Bopolu yer ay w i) 1 ay a MODY eomi-nins of 53 RS i Sowito\d sional Record (p. 16928) a magazine editorial on the newly formed National Commission on Food Marketing. FOREIGN VESSELS! PROCESSING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS BANNED: On August 6, 1964, H.R. 12275 (Pelly) was introduced in the House, referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries; and S. 3086 (Magnuson, for him- self and Senator Jackson) was introduced in the Senate, referred to the Committee on Commerce; bills to a- mend the Act prohibiting fishing in the territorial wa- ters of the United States by vessels other than vessels of the United States in order to expand the definition of the term "fisheries," to ban freezing, packing, or other processing within the territorial waters of the United States by foreign commercial fishermen or vessels. Each of the sponsors of the bills made remarks upon introducing them (Congressional Record, August 6, 1964, pp. 17747, 17761); Introduced in the House August 11, 1964, H. R. 12316 (Tollefson), similar to H.R. 12275. INDIAN FISHING RIGHTS: On August 5-6, 1964, the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Senate Com- mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs conducted hear- ings on problems relating to Indian fishing on the West Coast, particularly the State of Washington. Under consideration were: S.J. Res. 170, which would au- thorize the states to regulate off-reservation fishing by Indians; and §. J. Res. 171, which would authorize the purchase and extinguishment of Indian treaty fish- ing rights. The problem revolves around Indian fish- ing rights. Several Indian treaties, adopted more than 100 years ago, gave Indians the right to take fish at all usual and accustomed places. As a result, some In- dians believe their treaty rights are not subject to reg- ulation by the states and they use manners and methods illegal for other citizens to take fish. Conflicting court actions have resulted. The committee received testi- mony from officials of the Oregon Fish Commission, Columbia River Salmon & Tuna Packers Association, Astoria, ‘Oreg., and numerous witnesses representing the following Indian tribes: Yakima, Makah, Puyallup, Quinault, Tulalip, and Warm Springs, as well as the Assistant Secretary of the Interior and the Commis - sioner of Fish and Wildlife. MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL OWNERS: On July 28, 1964, the House by a vote of 202 yeas to 170 nays passed H.R. 3973, to permit-certain owners of fishing boats to receive medical care and hospitalization with- out charge at hospitals of the Public Health Service. This passage was subsequently vacated and S. 978 (passed by Senate May 28, 1963), a similar bill, was passed in lieu after being amended to contain the House- approved text. H. Res. 799, the open rule under which the legislation was considered, had been adopted ear- lier by a voice vote. On July 31, 1964, the Senate concurred in House amendment to S. 978, clearing the bill for the Presi- dent. On August 13, 1964, the President signed into law COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 NAVIGABLE WATERS OBSTRUCTION MARKING: introduced in the Senate on July 9, 1964, S-2997 (Mag- nuson), to clarify the responsibility for marking of ob- structions in navigable waters. Recommended by the Secretary of the Treasury, the bill would eliminate du.l responsibilities by the Department of the Army and the Coast Guard for marking of wrecks. It would vest sole responsibility for marking wrecks in the Coast Guard. Referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce. Also introduced in the House on July 21, 1964, H.R. 11964 (Bonner), identical to S. 2991; referred to the Commit- tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. OCEANOGRAPHIC COUNCIL: Introduced in the Senate on July 9, 1964, S. 2990 (Magnuson), to establish in the Executive Office of the President, the National Oceanographic Council. It would be composed of the Vice-President (Chairman); Secretaries of Treasury, Defense, Interior, Commerce, and Health, Education, and Welfare; director of the Office of Science and Tech- nology; chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission; and director of the National Science Foundation. The Council would survey all oceanographic and marine sci- ence activities and develop a comprehensive program, resolving any differences. A civilian staff would be authorized. Up to $500,000 a year would be authorized for the program. Referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce. On August 18, 1964, Congressman Garmatz, under an extension of remarks, inserted in the Congressional Record (p. A4386) the remarks of the Chief Counsel of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries before the Governor's conference on the National O- ceanographic Program, Annapolis, Md., Aug. 13, 1964. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: National Oceanographic Program--1965 (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oceanography of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representa- tives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), Serial No. 88-23, 722 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on June 23, 24, 25, and 30, 1964, to examine the national oceano- graphic program for fiscal year 1965; presents state- ments given by various Federal government officials, and information supplied by various officials and agen- cies. Speaking from the floor of the Senate on August 14, 1964, Senator Beall discussed the purpose of the First Annual Governors! Conference on the National Oceano- graphic Program which was held at the U.S. Naval A- cademy, Annapolis, Md., August 13, 1964. The program and summation of the conference were inserted in the Congressional Record, pages 18922-18923. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS: On July 28, 1964, the Senate Committee on Commerce, in exec- utive session, ordered favorably reported, S. 2552, a bill to exempt oceanographic research vessels from the applications of certain vessel inspection laws (amended). An amendment by the Committee would broaden the definition of oceanographic research vessels to include all vessels operated for oceanographic research in the public interest as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury. On July 31, 1964, S. 2552, was reported to the Sen- ate, with amendment, by the Senate Committee on Com- merce (S. Rept. 1276). The Senate passed the bill, with amendment, on August 1, 1964. September 1964 The House on August 3, 1964, referred to its Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries S. 2552. PACIFIC ISLAND TRUST TERRITORY DEVELOP- MENT: On July 29, 1964, the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs favorably reported (H. Rept. 605) with amendment H.R. 3198, to promote the economic and social development of the Trust Terri- tory of the Pacific Islands. The Senate Committee en- tirely deleted Section 2 of the bill. This Section would have amended the Tariff Act of 1930 to permit the duty-free entry of Trust Territory goods into the U.S. Under that Section, fishery products would have been eligible for duty-free entry only if the fish were landed from U.S. or Trust Territory-flag vessels, manned by crews ty o-thirds of which are nationals of the United States. .. or citizens of the Trust Territory. Section 2 was included in the bill when it was passed by the House on August 5, 1963. The amendment by the Sen- ate Committee means that the Trust Territory would retain its current status as a ''foreign area'' for the purposes of the Tariff Act. H.R. 3198 passed by the House on August 5, 1963. ~~ On July 31, 1964, the Senate passed with amend- ments H. R. 3198. The Senate deleted from the bill a sec- tion which would have extended to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands the benefits of Section 301 of the Tariff Act of 1930, providing that articles may be ad- mitted free of duty into the United States from areas under its flag or administration where the articles ''do not contain foreign materials to the value of more than 50 percent of their total value."’ The bill was sent to the House. On August 12, 1964, H.R. 3198, was cleared for the President by House concurrence in Senate amendments thereto. PASSAMAQUODDY TIDAL POWER PROJECT: On August 12, 1964, the Subcommittee on Flood Control-- Rivers and Harbors--of the Senate Committee on Pub- lic Works held hearings on S. 2573, authorizing the In- ternational Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project, in- cluding hydroelectric power development of the Upper St. John River, with testimony from the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of the Army. The hear- ings were adjourned subject to call. STATE DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1965: On August 17, 1964, the House and Senate adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 1817) on H. R. 11134, mak- ing appropriations for the Department of State for FY 1965, clearing the legislation for the President. In- cluded in the compromise bill is $2,025,000 for Inter- national Fisheries Commissions, an increase of $25,000 over the House-passed bill, but $75,000 less than the amount recommended by the Senate. The 1965 appropriation is $25,000 more than the amount appro- priated for FY 1964, but $114,000 less than the amount requested in the Department's FY 1965 budget esti- mate. H.R. 11134 passed by House May 6, 1964, and passed by Senate, amended, August 13, 1964. TRADE EXPANSION ACT: Introduced in the House on July 27, 1964, H. R. 12068 (Johansen); July 28, H.R. 12081 (Betts); July 28, H.R. 12081 (Reid) and H.R. 12200 (Clausen); and August 7, 1964, H.R. 12286 (Bar- rett), to amend the Trade Expansion Act of 1962; all referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENT: On July 28, 1964, H. Res. , to provide for consideration of and 2 hours of debate onS. 1006 (to provide for the cor- rection of inequities in the construction of fishing ves - sels) was reported favorably to the House (H. Rept. 1614). The Committee on Rules previously granted an open rule, with two hours of debate, on s. 1006. On August 14, 1964, by a record vote of 198 yeas to 124 nays, the House passed with amendments S. 1006. On August 15, 1964, Congressman Gill under an ex- tension of remarks stated his support of S. 1006. (Con- gressional Record, p. A4340.) - On August 18, 1964, the Senate agreed to the House amendments to Ss. 1006, clearing the bill for the Presi- dent. VESSEL ENGAGED IN FISHERIES: H.R. 6007, to permit the vessel SC-1473 to engage in the fisheries, was reported favorably to the Senate by the Committee on Commerce, without amendment (S. Rept. 1266), on July 29, 1964. 7 S. Rept. 1266, Permitting the Vessel SC-1473 to En- age in the Fisheries (July 25, 196d. report from the ommittee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H. R. 6007), 5 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage (with- out amendment) of H. R. 6007, to permit the vessel SC- 1473 to engage in the fisheries and the foreign and __ coastwise trade of the United States. Contains the pur- pose of and need for the bill, and departmental reports. The Senate on July 31, 1964, passed and cleared for the President, without amendment, H.R. 6007. It was signed by the President on August 13, 1964 (P. L. 88- 282). ara ia Introduced in the House on August 4, 1964, H.R. 12248 (Gibbons), to permit the vessel Janice Vee to be documented for use in the fisheries and coastwise trade; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AMENDMENT: On August 5-6, 1964, the Committee on Public Works met in executive session to consider S. 649, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The Committee continued executive consideration of the measure on August 6. The Committee adjourned on August 6, sub- ject to call of the chair. WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL: Introduced in the Senate July 28, 1964, Ss. 3 Jackson), to provide for the optimum development of the Nation's natural re- sources through the coordinated planning of water and related land resources through the establishment of a Water Resources Council and river basin commissions, and provide financial assistance to the states in order to increase state participation in such planning; refer- red to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. On August 20, 1964, the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs met in executive session and ordered favorably reported to the full committee S. 1111. SS 108 he Tao aaa ed aS = Fae FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, D. C. 20240, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION) . Number Title CFS-3505 - Fish Sticks and Fish Portions, January- March 1964, 2 pp. - Frozen Fishery Products, April 1964, 8pp. - Fish Meal and Oil, 1963 Annual Summary, 4 pp. CFS-3521 - Fish Meal and Oil, April 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3525 - Wisconsin Landings, March 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3526 - California Landings, March 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3527 - New Jersey Landings, March 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3528 - Virginia Landings, March 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3529 - New Jersey Landings, April 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3530 - Michigan Landings, March 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3507 CFS-3517 CFS-3531 - New York Landings, April 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3532 - Manufactured Fishery Products, 1962 An- nual Summary, 8 pp. CFS-3533 - California Landings, April 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3535 - North Carolina Landings, May 1964, 4 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1963 (Revised): L- 1 - Maine, 8 pp. SL- 2 - New Hampshire, 1 p. SL- 3 - Massachusetts, 11 pp. SL- 5 - Connecticut, 1 p. SL- 9 - Delaware, 1 p. SL-10 - Maryland, 9 pp. SL-11 - Washington, D. C., 1 p. SL-12 - Virginia, 11 pp. SL-14 - South Carolina, 3 pp. SL-15 - Georgia, 2 pp. SL-41 - eae nace (Mississippi River and Tributaries), SL-42 - ence (Mississippi River and Tributaries), SL-43 - Alabama (Mississippi River and Tributaries), SL-44 - Nebraska (Mississippi River and Tributaries), SL-45 - Migsiegned (Mississippi River and Tribu- taries), 1p. SL-48 - Indiana (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1p. SL-49 - South Dakota (Mississippi River and Tribu- taries), 1 p. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 Sep. No. 707 - The Guinean Trawling Survey. Sep. No, 708 - Changes in Abundance of the Marine Worm, Glycera dibranchiata, Associated withSeawa- ter Temperature Fluctuations. FL-558 - Index of Publications by the Branch of Tech- nology, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1955-59 inclusive, by F. Bruce Sanford and Helen E. Plastino, 33 pp., April 1964. Includes publications of Branch of Technology and its personnel, both Government and privately published. SSR-Fish. No, 454 - Fur Seal Investigations, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, 1962, by Alton Y. Roppel and others, 107 pp., illus., December 1963. SSR-Fish, No. 466 - Ecology of the Gulf of Mexico Com- mercial Sponges and its Relation to the Fishery, by John F. Storr, 79 pp., illus., March 1964, Discusses commercial sponges, reproduction, growth, cultiva- tion, distribution, ecological relationships, and dis- ease. Information on the present status of the sponge industry, commercial sponge production, and the structure of the ocean bottom in sponging areas is also included, America Goes Fishing, Conservation Note 14, 7 pp., “Sills, April 1364.— Annual Report of the Commissioner, Fish and Wildlife Service, to the Secretary of the Interior, 1963, 72 pp., illus., printed, 1964, eprinted from the 1963 An- nual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1963, pp. 281-348.) Summarizes the various activites of the Service. De- seribes the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search and development programs, participation in international oceanographic studies, developments in foreign fisheries and trade, services to industry, Columbia River development program, educational activities, fur-seal operations, commissioning of the Albatross IV, and construction of an oceano- graphic laboratory at La Jolla, Calif. Also covers activities of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild- life, including the management of wildlife and sport fishery resources, wildlife and fishery research, and pesticides studies, Commercial Fisheries of the Pacific Coast, Conserva- tion Note 15, 8 pp., illus., April 1964. Describes the fisheries for salmon, pelagic fish, groundfish, and shellfish. Discusses ''market fish” sold fresh on the Pacific Coast, Extent of Acid Mine Pollution in the United States Af- fecting Fish and Wildlife, by Edward C. Kinney, Cir- cular ist. 32 pp., illus., June 1964. September 1964 Fishery Research Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Fiscal Year 1963, Circular 183, IIpp., illus., proc- essed, 1964, Research at the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Galveston concerns shrimp, estuaries, and industrial bottom- fish, It is conducted under four broad programs: (1) shrimp fishery (which includes four research contracts); (2) estuarine; (3) physiology and behav- ior; and (4) industrial fishery, Each of those pro- grams is subdivided into projects. This report deals with progress in project research during fiscal year 1963, Since this is a progress report, the findings recorded are preliminary in nature, Progress in Sport Fishery Research, 1963, Circular 8. 188 pp., illus., March 1964, Discusses the work during 1963 of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife disease laboratories, fish nutrition lab- oratories, California-Nevada sport fishery investi- gations, Arkansas Fish Farming Experimental Sta- tion, fish-pesticide laboratory, and marine labora- tories; also reservoir investigations. Some Chronic Effects of DDT on Cutthroat Trout, by Don Allison and others, Research Report 64, 30 pp., 1964. ThE FOLLOWING REPRINTS FROM FISHERY INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, VOL. 2, NO. 2, 1963, ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U.S, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C, 20240, Economic Factors Related to Lake Trout Quotas on Lake Superior, by Keith D, Brouillard, pp. 1-4, illus., 1964, In some fisheries, a quota on catch as a method of management has proved successful inso- far as physical yield is concerned, This method, however, has been based primarily on biological concepts, with little concern for the economic as- pects. The philosophy of management should include a consideration of economic rent, This rent can be obtained by limiting costs--that is, effort--as well as by limiting production. The combination of a quo- ta on catch and a limitation on amount of gear will produce both biological and economic benefits, The lake trout fishery on Lake Superior presents an op- portunity to apply economic as well as biological principles to the management of an entire body of water, If both of these factors are considered in the regulation of the fishery, the industry will be strong- ey in its long-term operations. Effect of Storage in Refrigerated Sea Water on Amino Acids and Other Components of Whiting (MERLUCCIUS BILINEARIS), by Edward H. Cohen and John A, Pe- ters, pp. 5-11, illus., 1964. List of Publications--Division of Industrial Research, by Branch, Year, and Author, 1955-61 Inclusive, by Virginia Whorley, pp. 43-84, 1964, 2-~ Quality Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Sea Water, 2 Changes in Whiting as Determined by Organoleptic and Chemical Analyses, by Edward H. Cohen and John A, Peters, pp. 21-27, illus., 1964, THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISH- ERIES, RM, 510, 1815 N, FORT MYER DRIVE, ARLINGTON, VA. 22209. Number Title MNL- 5 - Denmark's Fisheries, 1963, and 1964 Trends, 20 pp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 MNL-23 - Fisheries of Chile - Part II and Part III (Sup- plement)--Central and South Chile, 1961- 1963, 21 pp. MNL-44 - Iceland's Fishing Industry, 1963, 31 pp. MNL-88 - Japan's Imports and Exports of Fisheries Products, 1961/1962, 62 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH, TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLE IS AVAILABLE FOR REFERENCE ONLY FROM THE LIBRARY, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, WASHINGTON, D. Ce 20240, Studies of the Redfish (SEBASTES MARINUS L,) from the Ecological and Fishery Research Standpoints. J--The Economic Importance of the Redfish; II-- Determination of Age in the Redfish, by Adolf Kot- thaus, 11 pp., processed. (Translated from the Ger- man, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung, vol, , no, 4, 1952. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTI - CLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE REGIONAL OFFICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, TOT SEASIDE AVE., TERMINAL ISLAND, CALIF. 90731. Comparison between Japanese and United States Can Prices, Translation Series No. 10, 4 pp., processed, June 1964, (Translated from the Japanese, Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 29, 1964.) Fishing Grounds by Research Vessels Operated b Prefectural Governments, 5 pp., illus., processed, May 1964. (Translated from Official Japanese Gov- ernment document.) Objectives of the First Three- Year Plan are to collect (1) scientific data and ma- terials on the tuna and spearfish of the Atlantic, (2) samples for systematic study, and (3) oceanographic data; study the distribution of the Atlantic Ocean tuna and spearfish based on data obtained on (a) oceano- graphic structure and on (b) spawning and early life history, growth, age, and food habits; and ultimately contribute to the analysis on resource fluctuations. This report outlines each year's plan of investigation. First Three-Year Plan to Investigate the Atlantic Ocean Studies on the Race of GRYPHAEA GIGAS (Thunberg). T--Local Variation in the Size of Prodissoconch, by Yataro Tanaka, Translation Series No. 8, 4pp., illus., processed, M>y 1964, (Translated from the Japa- nese, The \enus, Japan Journal of Malacology, vol. 18, no. 2, November 1954.) A study of the size of an oyster found in Japan, Symposium on Tuna Resource and Oceanography, Trans- Tation Series No. 9, 33 pp., processed, oe To64. . (Translated from the Japanese, Maguro Gyogyo, no. 15, October 1963.) Covers Japanese views with ne gard to declining tuna hook catch rates, international regulation of the tuna fishery, management and re- search problems faced by the Japanese tuna fisher - men and researchers, the Japanese Government's role, and the relationship of oceanography to tuna research, CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il - Fishing Information, May and June 1584, 12 and 8 pp. each, illus. .5. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego, Calif. 92100.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research in- 110 formation of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing in- dustry and marine scientists; for the months indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale ~ Market Freshand Frozen Fishery Products Receipts, Prices, and Trends, May 1964, 18 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Cus- toms House, 610 S. Canal St., Rm. 1014, Chicago, II. 60607.) Receipts at Chicago by species andby states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month indicated. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- “ments of Fishery Products, May > 8pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab land- ings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, May 1964, ” 25 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery prod- ucts in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Ston- ington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bed- ford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fish- ery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishe Trade --Monthly Summary--April 1964, 18 pp. (itarket News Serv- ice, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York, N.Y. 10038.) Includes summaries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-wa- ter sections; imports entered at New York customs district; primary wholesalers! selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Mar- ket docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indi- cated. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areasrand Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, June 1964, 8 pp. (Market News Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's land- ings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOV- ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20402. "An aid in the preparation of blood samples from fish," by S. F. Snieszko, article, Progressive Fish Culturist, vol, 25, no. 4, 1963, p. 174, printed. "Evolution of recovery nets used in tests on fish passage through hydraulic turbines, “by Frederick K, Cramer, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 26, no. 1, 1964, pp. 36-41, printed. "A survey of licensed commercial trout hatcheries in Ontario," by Hugh R. McCrimmon and A. H. Berst, 1963, or TBfeISo Seine, vol, 25, no. 4, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ISSUING THEM, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGAN! ZATIONS OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. AIRCRAFT SPOTTING: "La détectiondes bancs de poissons par hélicoptére" (The detection of fish schools by helicopter), article, France Péche, no, 83, April 1964, pp. 49-51, 53-54, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F. (about 52 U.S. cents), France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, ALABAMA: "Seafood industry brings wealth to Alabama," by George Allen, article, Alabama Conservation, vol. 34, no. 2, February-March 1964, pp. 25-27, illus., printed, Alabama Department of Conservation, 64 No. Union St., Montgomery, Ala, 36104, Discusses work of the State of Alabama in development of the oyster and shrimp industries. ALASKA: Alaska Commercial Fishery Operators, 1963, Statisti- Cal Leaflet No, 6, 22 pp., processed, April 1964, De- partment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, Further Studies of the Afo k Lake System, by Eugene W. Roelofs, Taian mationat Leaflet No. 41, 20 pp., illus., processed, May 27, 1964. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. ALEWIFES: "A critique of the scale method for determining the age of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson)," by Brian J. Rothschild, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol, , no, 4, 963, pp. 409-413, printed, American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. ALGAE: "Extractive compounds of marine algae (review),"' by Kiichi Murata, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 29, February 1963, pp. 169-197, printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato- ku, Tokyo, Japan. ALLIGATORS: The Sun Worshiper, by Percy Viosca, Jr., Wildlife Ed- ucation Bulletin No. 25, 7 pp., illus., printed 1962. September 1964 (Reprinted from Louisiana Conservationist, April 1960.) Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commis- sion, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. Discusses the differences be- tween crocodiles and alligators, life history of the alligator, and commercial uses for its hide. ANGOLA: Relatorio e Contas do Banco de Angola, Exercicio de 1963 (Report and Accounts of the Bank of Angola, 1963 edition), 254 pp., printed in Portuguese, Im- presso na Grafica Monumental, Limitada, Rua Neves Ferreira, 13,1°, Lisbon, Portugal. Includes chapters on fishery landings and products produced, export data, and details on exports of fish meal and other fishery products. ANTIDUMPING ACT: "Treasury proposes changes in investigation proce- dures under Antidumping Act of 1921," by Harry Bodansky, article, International Commerce, vol. 70, no, 20, May 18, 1964, pp. 12-13, printed, single copy 35 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Proposed changes in Treasury Department_regula- tions for conducting investigations under the Anti- dumping Act of 1921, as amended, were published in the Federal Register of April 23, 1964, Until June 22, interested parties were invited to comment in writ- ing to the Commissioner of Customs. AQUATIC WEEDS: "Chemical control of aquatic vegetation in relation to the conservation of fish and wildlife," by G. E, Bur- dick, article, Weed Abstracts, vol, 12, no. 2, 1963, 514, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, England, "Control of aquatic weeds," by C. M. Switzer, article, Weed Abstracts, vol. 12, no. 1, 1963, 167, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, Lon- don, England. "Control of Eurasian milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, in Lake Hopatoong, New Jersey, = 7 W. Horrocks and R, F. Smith, article, Weed Abstracts, vol, 12, no, 2, 1963, 516, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, England, "Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) in the Tennessee Valley,” by G. Snith, article, Weed Abstracts, vol. 12, no, 1, 1963, 171, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, Eng- land, "Feasibility of controlling aquatic weeds with snails," by D. E. Seaman and W.A. Porterfield, article, Weed Abstracts, vol, 12, no. 1, 1963, 176, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, Eng- land, "Progress report on the field testing of various her- bicides for aquatic weed control," by J. M. Cortell, article, Weed Abstracts, vol. 12, no. 2, 1963, 510, printed, British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, England. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 Report on the Results Obtained by a New Method of Fertilization Tried out in the Marine Bay Mijetsko Jezera,” by Miljenko Buljan, ‘Srauglation Series No. 326, 30 pp., printed, 1960. (Translated from the Serbo-Croatian, Acta Adriatica, vol. 6, no, 6, 1957, 46 pp.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada. "Results of experimental weed control experiments in Georgia farm ponds using simplified gravity flow techniques," by W. W. Thomaston, article, Weed Ab- stracts, vol. 12, no. 1, 1963, 175, printed, British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, Eng- land. "The status and prospects in aquatic weed control," by F, L. Timmons, article, Weed Abstracts, vol, 12, no. 3, 1963, 757, printed. British Weed Control Council, 58 Mark Lane, London, England, ARGENTINA: Produccion Pesquera de la Republica Argentina, 1963 (Fishery Production in the Republic of Saree 1963), 114 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, Direc- cion General de Pesca y Conservacion de la Fauna, Departamento de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Secre- taria de Estado de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Buenos Aires, Argentina, BALTIC SEA: "Izmeneniya zapasov promyslovyk ryb Baltiiskogo morya pod vliyaniem okeanologicheskikh faktorov (po dannym Sovetskikh issledovatelei)" (Changes in the Baltic Sea populations of commercially valuable fish under the influence of oceanological factors-- based on data of Soviet scientists), by T. F. Dement!- eva, article, Okeanologiya, vol. 3, no. 5, 1963, pp. 875-876, illus., Seed in Russian, Okeanologiya, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. BIBLIOGRAPHIES: A Partial Bibliography on the Economic Evaluation of Pee canane at Fisheries Resources, by William . Dill, F. Fisheries Circular No. 8, 8 pp., printed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unit- ed Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. World List of Periodicals for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, FB/1T19.1-Suppl. I, 59 pp., processed in Spanish, French, and English, 1963. Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Ca- racalla, Rome, Italy. This is one of a series of bibliographic Technical Papers listing titles of pub- lications on aquatic sciences and fisheries subjects. BOTULISM: "Botulism outbreak from smoked whitefish," article, Food Technology, vol. 18, January 1964, pp. 71-72, printed, The eas Press, 510 N. Hickory, Cham- paign, Ill. "Radio-resistance of five strains of Clostridium botu- linum in selected food products," by E. Wheaton, _ G.B. Pratt, and J. M. Jackson, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 26, 1961, pp. 345-350, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Il. 112 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. BRACKFISH-WATER FISHERIES: Marshes and Men, by W. McFadden Duffy, Wildlife “Education Bulletin No. 41, 15 pp., illus., printed 1962. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. BRAZIL: 53 Consideracoes sobre Amostragem de Peixes Marinhos onsiderations on the Sampling of Marine Fish-- II), by H. Nomura, 26 pp., illus., printed in Portuguese with English summary, 1962. (Reprinted from Bole- tim do Instituto Oceanografico, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 7-32.) Instituto Oceanogrdfico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sado Paulo, Brazil. Sampling of 'pescada-foguete,"' Macrodon ancylodon (weakfish) landed at Santos, Sao Paulo, to determine length distribution. Consideracoes sobre Amostragem de Peixes Marinhos Onsiderations on the Samplingof Marine Fish-- Ill), by H. Nomura, 7 pp., printed in Portuguese with English summary. (Reprinted from Revista Brasi- leira de Biologia, vol. 23, no. 1, June 1963, pp. 95- TOI.) Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sfo Paulo, Brazil, Sampling of 'corvina" or croaker (Micropogon furnieri) landed at Santos, Sao Paulo, to determine Tength distribution, Length-Weight Tables of Some Fish Species from outhern Brazil, by H. Nomura, Oceanografia Bio- Togica 1962 No. 2, 6 pp., printed in English with Portuguese summary. Instituto Oceanografico, Uni- versidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. BRINE SHRIMP: Brine Shrimp Fishery, Little Manitou Lake, Saskat- Chewan, by Georges H. Imbeault, 30 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. CALIFORNIA: Statistical Report of Fresh, Canned, Curedand Man- ufactured Fishery Products for 1963, Circular No. 38, 15 pp., arinfed 1964, Biostatistical Section, Marine Resources Operations, Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif. The published record of California's 1963 fresh and canned fishery prod- ucts. Tables cover landings, imports of tuna, canned fish pack, receipts of sardines for canning, and oth- er similar topics. CANADA: Fisheries Statistics, Alberta and Northwest Terri- tories, 1962, Catalogue No. 24-212, 10 pp., proc- essed in French and English, May 1964, 50 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Contains tables giving the value of fish landed in Alberta, 1955-62; and the quantity and value of fishery landings by lakes, 1961-62. Also presents tables showing value of fish landings in the Northwest Territories, 1955-61; quantity and value of fishery products by species, 1961-62; capital equipment used in the primary fishery operations; and the number of persons engaged in the fisheries. Fisheries Statistics, Newfoundland, 1962, Catalogue No. 24=202, 26 pp., illus., processed in French and English, April 1964, 50 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Contains tables giving the value of fish and shellfish landed in Newfoundland, 1958-62; quantity and value of landings by species and fisheries areas, 1961/62; capital equipment used in the primary fishery opera- tions; the number of persons engaged in the fish- eries; and classification of fishing craft over, and under, 10 tons. Fisheries Statistics, Prince EdwardIsland, 1962, Cat- alogue No, 24- , 24pp., illus., printed in French and English, May 1964, 50 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of fish landed on Prince Edward Island in 1961 and 1962; classification of fishing vessels by tonnage, type of gear used, length, and fisheries districts of Prince Edward Island, 1961/62; new capital investment in the commercial fishery of the Island during those years; number of fishermen; and persons engaged in the major fisheries, Quebec and Atlantic Coast Fisheries; Main Problems and Prospects, by John Proskie, 9 pp., printed, 1964. Canadian Depieient of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, A paper presented at a symposium of fisheries at Laval University, Quebec, January 14, 1964, Report of the Fisheries Development Committee, 178 pp., printed, ; Fisheries Devsicnuent Commit- tee, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Whales and Dolphins of the West Coast of Canada, by .C. Pike = L. Giovando, Circular No. 68, illus., printed, March 14, 1963. Biological Station, Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, CARIBBEAN: Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Proceedings of the 16th Annual Session, Miami, Florida, iecccee 1963, edited by James B. Higman, pp., illus., printed, May 1964, Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla, 33149, Contains papers presented at the 1963 Annual Session of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. The papers are grouped according to sub- ject: the challenge to U.S. fisheries; shrimp research results; seafood and public health; current fisheries research; and Caribbean fisheries. ''Why we need a 12-mile limit" is discusssed in the paper presented at the first day's meeting. CARP: _ "Hybridization experiments in cyprinid fishes, 3-- Reciprocal crosses between Pseudorasbora parva umila and Gnathopogon elongatus elongatus, "by R. uzuki, article, Nihon Suisan CATIEOIE vol, 29, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 421-423, Japanese Society of Scien- tific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, "Vliyanie razrezhennykh posadok na pitanie i rost mo- lodi karpa" (Effect of low stocking densities on the food and growth of carp), by V.L. Grimal'skii and S.N. Tyutyunik, article, Trudy Kishinevsk, vol. 25, 1961, pp. 121-132, printed in Russian, Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R,. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: "Variations in chemical composition in some com- mercial fishes from the south of Brazil," by K. Wa- tanabe, article, Nihon Suisan Gakkai-shi, vol. 29, no, 5, May 1963, pp. 469-474, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, CISCO: "Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan," by Stanford H. Smith, article, Transac- tions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no. 2, 1964, pp. -163, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. CLAMS: Survey of Eel River Cove, N.B., Softshell Clam (MYA AREN aif, IT pp., ARIA) Population, by J. S, MacPh illus., printed, roe Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., Can- ada, COD: "O parazitofaune molodi treski v Barentsevom more" (Parasites of young cod in the Barents Sea), by Yu. I, Polyanskii and I, V. Kulemina, article, Vestnik Leningradsk, Univ. Ser. Biol., vol. 18, no. 15:3, 1963, pp. 13-21, illus., printed in Russian with English summary. Vestnik Leningradsk. Univ. Ser. Biol., Leningrad University, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. COLD STORAGE: Khranenie Zamorozhenoi Ryby (Storage of Frozen Fish), edited by D. G. stews 56 pp., illus., printed in Russian, 1963, 24 Kopecks (about 27 U.S. cents). Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Torgovoi Literatury, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Discusses characteristics of changes in stored fish; and indexes of quality analy- ses and methods for obtaining them. Also covers in detail the storage of sturgeon, herring (Clupeidae), cod, and other species such as ocean perch and horse mackerel, --Milan A. Kravanja CONSUMER PREFERENCES: "Consumer survey of fish preferences," article, Trade News, vol, 16, no. 10, April 1964, pp. 6-8, illus., processed, Information and Consumer Service, De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses a survey of preferences for fish made by a Canadian magazine, Fish buying and serving habits were elic- ited by a questionnaire. Results of the study showed that the most popular method of cooking was pan fry- ing and generally "butter coated and breaded'' was the favorite preparation. The preferred package size was 1-13 pounds. CRABS: "Histamine content of tissues from the crab Carcinus maenas," by G.A. Kerkut and M.A. Price, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, April 2, 1962, 7807h, printed, The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW., Washington 6, D. C. "Limb loss and recovery in the young king crab, Pa- ralithodes camtschatica," by H. Kurata, article, _ Suisan-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenk Hokoku, vol. 26, March 1963, pp. 75-50. printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan, CUTTLEFISH: "Studies on the viscera enzymes of cuttle-fish, Om- mastrephes sloani pacificus, by T, Takahanshi, arti- Cle, Mie-kenritsu Daigaku Suisan-gakubu Kiyo, vol. 5, no, 3, March 1963, pp. 34-411. printed in Japanese with English abstract. Faculty of Fisheries, Pre- fectural University of Mie, Tsu, Japan. DENMARK: : "Danmarks fiskeeksport i 1963" (Denmark's fishery exports in 1963), article, Fiskeribladet, vol. 55, no, 12, March 1964, pp. 183-186, printed in Danish, sin- gle copy (foreign mailing) Kr. 8.00 (about US$1.15). Fiskeribladet, W. Bamberger, K¢ébenhavns Fisketorv, Copenhagen V, Denmark, DIRECTORIES: Directorio de Servicios e Instituciones de Pesca en America Latina. Volumen I--Argentina-Brasil- Chile-Uruguay (Directory of Fisteries Institutions and services in Latin America. Volume I--Argen- tina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), December 1963, 220 pp., processed, limited distribution Regional Office for Latin America, Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Cano y Aponte 995, Casil- la 10095, Santiago, Chile. Apart from this Volume lI, the Directory will include other volumes listing the other Latin American countries not in this first vol- ume, Processed in looseleaf form, information will be kept up to date by supplying corrected pages an- nually for insertion, DOLPHIN: "Studies on fishing conditions of the dolphin, Cory- haena hippurus L., in the western region of the Sea of Japan, elationship between the stomach con- tents and the pelagic fauna of juveniles," by S. Kojima, article, Nihon Suisan Gakkai-shi, vol, 29, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 407-414, printed in Japanese with English ‘abstract. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, EELS: "Take Ontario eel catches declining rapidly," article, Canadian Fisherman, vol, 51, March 1964, p. 27, printed. National Business Publications Ltd., Gar- denvale, Que., Canada. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION: .EFTA Markets, 49 pp., printed, March 1964, 7s. 6d. (about US$1.05). Chamber of Commerce Publica- tions, 68 Queen St,, London EC4, England, The EFTA area (Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and associate mem- ber-country Finland) is an immense market of near- ly 100 million people, It is also a market with high standards of living and great purchasing power. This booklet discusses the economies of each country; the EFTA and the European Economic Community (Com- mon Market); and transport in those countries. EXPORTS: United States Exports of Domestic and Foreign Mer- Chandise, Commodity by Country of Destination, 1963 Annual, FT 410, 571 pp., processed, May 1964, sin- 114 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION |SSUING THEM. gle copy $2.00. Bureau of the Census, U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Pre- sents data of United States exports during 1963 by SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) section and by SITC group. Commodity detail shown is that of Schedule B arranged within 3-digit groups of the SITC, Includes data on fresh, processed, and preserved fish. FARM PONDS: "Farm pond management," by Sammy Stokes, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol, 14, nos. 7 and 8, July-August, 1964, pp. 16-18, illus., printed, Louisi- ana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Covers the beginning steps in building a pond for fish cultivation, In- cludes suggestions for selecting a good site, con- struction of a dam, stocking the area with the best suited species, improvement through use of fertiliz- er, and weed extermination, Managing Louisiana Fish Ponds, by Max W. Summers, pp., illus., printed, 1963. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Discus- ses choosing the proper location, constructing the pond, reconditioning old ponds, and management for fish production, Also covers manipulating fish popula- tions, additional management problems and solutions, and fish for stocking. "Survival of fish in deep water of farm ponds during the summer,'' by Otto W. Tiemeier, article, Trans- actions of the Kansas Academy of Science, vol. 65, no. 4, 1962, pp. 463-466, printed. Library of Kan- sas State University College of Agriculture and Ap- plied Science, Lawrence, Kans. FAROE ISLANDS: Faroes in Figures, no. 26, June 1964, 6 pp., illus., printed, grasa Fiskasdla, Torshavn, ae Islands. This issue contains an article, ''The fishery of the Faroes in 1963,'' which discusses the decline in the total catch; catches off the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland; landings of demersal species and herring; and disposition of the catch by salting, filleting, or drying. Also includes statistical tables on export and production of salt fish and ex- port of dried cod, FILMS: Films on Oceanography (Catalog Series), Publication C-4, 29 pp., processed, December 1963, 25 cents, National Oceanographic Data Center, Washington, D.C, 20390, Contains brief reviews of 26 films and film strips dealing with some aspects of marine sci- ences. Each review includes running time, type of audience, and organization from which film is ob- tainable. List of Films and Filmstrips on Fisheries and Re- “lated Subjects, 187 pp., processed, 1963, Fourth Edi- tion. Technology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. This list contains titles of films and filmstrips, together with producers, distributors, and prices (where given). It includes films in various languages and at least one produced as far back as 1936. A short de- scription of the subject matter is included. FISH ANOMALIES: "A bibliography of anomalies of fishes,'' by C. E, Daw- son, article, Gulf Research Reports, vol. 1, no. 6, April 1964, pp. 308-399, Srited: Gulf Coast Re- search Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Miss. Deals with the literature on fish teratology (science of biological abnormalities) in respect to both particular anoma- lies and their previous recognition in a species. FISH BEHAVIOR: "Metodika eksperimental'nogo izucheniya a povedeniya ryb' (Methods of experimental studies of fish be- havior), by L.G. Voronin and Yu. A. Kholodov, arti- cle, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1962, no. 1160, printed in Russian. Akademiia NaukSSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "The reaction of fish to moving backgrounds,''by F. R. Harden Jones, article, The Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 40, no. 3, 1963, pp. 437-446, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., Lon- don NW1, England. "Sposobnost! nekotorykh ryb chernogo morya orien- tirovat'cya na istochnik zvuka"’ (The ability of some black sea fishes to orientate towards the source of a sound), by Yu. D. Podlipalin, article, Voprosy Ikh- tiologii, vol. 2, no. 4, 1962, pp. 721-724, printed in Russian, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FISH COOKERY: Delicacies from Louisiana Waters, 11 pp., illus., print- ed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Describes, with zest, Louisiana's salt-water fish, oysters, shrimp, crawfish, crabs, and fresh-water fish. Red snapper and catfish are among the favorite finfish in that State. FISH CULTURE: "Ekologiya vyrashchivaniya ryby na zalivnykhrisovykh polyakh" (Ecology of fish cultivation rearing in flood- ed rice fields), by V.A. Movchan, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 43, no. 3, 1963, 8712, printed. Bio- logical Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Studies on the fish-culture food, 12--On the effect of dry liver powder upon the growth of carp yearlings. 13--On the effect of fish meal, made of marine prod- ucts from northern Pacific Ocean, upon the growth of carp," by T. Terao, article, Suisan Fukajo Kenk Hokoku, vol, 17, December 1962, pp. 69-81, printe in Japanese. Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakanoshima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, FISH DISEASES: Disease in Marine Populations, by Carl J. Sindermann, pp., illus., arin (Reprinted from Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, March 4, 5 and 6, 1963, pp. 336-356), Wildlife Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20005. £ September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. FISH FINDING: "Interrelationship between natural resources, marine research, and fishing operations. II,"'by Birger Ras- mussen, article, Norwegian Fishin and Maritime News, vol, 10, no, 4, 1963, pp. ay. Ee printed, Nor- wegian Fishing and Maritime News, P.O. Box 740, Slottsgt 3, Bergen, Norway. FISH FOOD: Sposoby obespecheniya zhivymi kormami molodiryb na rybovodnykh zavodakh"' (Methods of providing live food for young fish in fish hatcheries), by M. M. Briskina, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, 1960, pp. 133-142, Seed in Russian, Rybnoe Khoziastvo, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FISH HANDLING: An Air-Lift Pump for Elevating Salmon, Herring and “Other Fish of Similar Size, Sy S.W. Roach, F. G. Claggett, and J.5.M. Harrison, Circular No. 29, 6 pp., illus., printed, 1963, Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver 1, B, C., Canada, "A practical method for cleaning and dressing fish," by A.W, Lantz, article, Trade News, vol, 16, no, 11, May 1964, pp. 6-8, illus., processed. Director of Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Lists in brief precise terms, the 11 steps in preparation of fish for cooking, For each step there is an explanatory photograph or diagram, FISH KILLS: Report on Investigations of Fish Kills in Lower Mis- Sissippi River, Atchafalaya River, and Gulf of Mexico, 82 pp., illus., processed, TK pril 6, 1964, Division of Water Supply and Water Pollution Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, Washington, D, C, 20201. FISH MEAL: "Analytical tests on fish meal. IV--pepsin digestibili- ty," by J.A. Lovern, article, News Summary, Inter- national Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, no, T0, 1962; pp. 32-39, printed in English with French, German, and Spanish summaries. International As- sociation of Fish Meal Manufacturers, 70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. "Increased use of fish meal in South seen; layer, pet food use adds to consumption," article, Feedstuffs, vol. 36, January 25, 1964, pp, 63-64, printed, Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd,, Minneapolis 5, Minn, FISH OILS: "The composition of the component fatty acids of sev- eral fish oils," by S. Ito and K, Fukuzumi, article, Yukagalu, vol, 12, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 278-281, printed in Japanese with English abstract. JapanOil Chemists' Society, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Moto- fujicho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, "Isolation and structure of the eicosenoic, docosenoic, octadecatetraenoic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahex- aenoic acid in skipper oil," by S, ItoandK, Fukuzumi, article, Yukagaku, vol, 12, no, 5, May 1963, pp. 272- 277, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Ja- pan Oil Chemists' Society, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Motofujicho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, FISH PASTE: "Manufacture of ready-to-serve /cook fish paste," by M. A. Krishnaswamy, K.R, Subbarao, and N.L, Lahiry, article, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 21D, no. 8, , pp. 303-304, printed, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Old Mill Rd., New Delhi 2, India. FISH POPULATIONS: "The application of mathematical models to fish popu- lations," by J, A. Gulland, article, The Exploitation of Natural Animal Populations. A Symposium, 1960, pp. 204-220, printed, 1962, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 3rd Ave., New York, N.Y. "Izmeneniya biologicheskikh svoistv populyatsii ryb i znachenie etikh izmenenii pri raschete promyslovogo prognoza' (Changes in biological characteristics of fish populations and significance of these changes in forecasting catches), by T. F. Dement'eva, article, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1962, no, 23141, print- ed in Russian, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, Aka- demiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Primenenie variatsionnostatisticheskikh pokazatelei vissledovanii nekotorykh voprosov izmenchivosti v populyatsiyakh ryb" (Application of statistical indices of variation to the study of problems of variability of fish populations), by F. A. Turdakov, article, Biolog- ical Abstracts, vol. 43, no, 3, 1963, 8757, printed, Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa, "O zakonomernostyakh rosta ryb i ikh znachenii v di- namike populyatsii'' (Patterns of growth in fishes and their role in population dynamics), by N.I. Chugu- nova, article, Trudy Soveschchaniia Komissiia Aka- demiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 13, > pp. 94-107, printed in Russian. Izdatel'stvo Akademiia Nauk SSSR., Podsosenskii per d. 21, Moscow B-64, U.S.S.R. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Fish flour," article, Report of the Fourth Inter-Afri- can Conference on Food and Nutrition, Douala, Ca= meroun, 4- eptember 1961, p. 13, printed, 1963. Food and Aetotare Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. FISH PUMPS: "Studies on practical use of fish-pump. (1)," by H. Soeda, article, Sogo-Kaiyokagaku, vol. 5, March 1963, pp. 13-31, printed in Japanese. Muaruzen Co., Ex- port Department, P.O. Box 605, Tokyo, Japan. FISH SCALES: "A method for making fish scale impressions in the field or laboratory, by Robert C. Courtright, arti- cle, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol, 93, no. 2, 1964, pp. 200-201, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Wash- ington, D, C, 20005, 116 FISH: SOUNDS: The Live Sounds of the Sea (Zhivyye Zvuki Morya), by TW. f Tarasov, Trans-152, 89 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Nauchno, Populyarnaye Seriya, 1360, 88 pp.) U.S. Naval Oceanographic ice, Washington, D. C. 20390. FISHERY STOCKS: Tables of the Incomplete Beta Function for the Calcu- lation of Fish Population Yield, by N.J. Wilimovsky and , C. Wicklund, 291 pp., printed, 1963. Institute of Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Van- couver 8, B.C., Canada. "Vplyv regulacie obsadok na ich dalsie formovanie" (The effect of regulation of a stock upon its further development), by Jan Sedlar and others, article, Bio- logical Abstracts, vol. 43, no. 3, 1963, 8741, printed. iological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa, FISHERY VOCATIONS: Careers: Commercial Fishing in Louisiana, 20 pp., illus., printed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Discusses oppor - tunities in Louisiana for fisheries careers; occupa- tions connected with obtaining the product--biologist, chemist and biochemist, biological technician, sea- food trawler owner, oyster fisherman, and boat cap- tain; and occupations in processing fish--mechanical engineer, home economist, menhaden processor, and seafood handler. Also covers careers closely re- lated to the industry--taxidermist, biological speci- men supplier, saleman or marketer, shell processor, pet food manufacturer, supplier of fishing equipment, technical and sports writer, and other occupations. FISHWAYS: "Ob ispol'zovanii sudokhodhykh shlyuzov ges dyla propuska ryby iz nizhnego b'efa v vodokhranilishche" | (Use of navigation locks at hydroelectric stations for the passage of fish from downstream into the reser- voir), by Z.M. Kipper, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 42, no. 6, 1963, 20619, printed, Biological Ab- stracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Bulletin of Fishery Statistics, vol. 3--Catches in the North-East Atlantic, 1962, 71 pp., processed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. This Bulletin shows, as an advance release, the 1962 nominal catch data, by country and by species, ac- cording to fishing areas of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Statistical Area, The summary tables cover the 14 principal fish species for which ICES collects monthly data. Proceedings of the World Scientific Meeting on the Bi- ology of eee and Related Species, F Fisheries Reports No. 6, vol. 2, 975 pp., processed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. The Food and Agriculture Organization has pub- lished reports describing that Agency's activities un- der the Expanded Program for Technical Assistance COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 for developing the fisheries of many countries. These reports have been processd only for limited distribu- tion to governments, libraries, and universities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. ment of the Marine Fisheries Research Program, by John G, Simpson, FAO Report No, 1606, 63 pp., illus., May 1963. Report to the Government of Aden on the Crawfish Re- sources of Eastern Aden Protectorate, by R.W. George, FAO Report No. 1696, 26pp., illus., June 1963. First Report to the Government of Nigeria on Fishing Boats for Lake Chad, by Roland Anderssonand Curt S. Ohlsson, FAO Report No. 1711, 62 pp., illus., 1963. Covers the work of a boatbuilder during 1963/64 and a preliminary survey team, assigned by the FAO to find the most suitable approach to the problem of boatbuilding for harvesting fish from Lake: Chad. Largely composed of excellent black and white photos made during the survey. (Guatemala) Informe al Gobierno de Guatemala sobre Recursos de Camarones (Report to the Government of Guatemala on Shrimp Resources), by Harold C, Loesch, FAO Report No, 1721, 9 pp.. processed in Spanish, 1963. FRANCE; "Douze mois de peche A Boulogne'' (Twelve months of fishing at Boulogne), article, France Péche, no, 82, March 1964, pp. 15-21, illus., printed in French, sin- gle copy 2.50 F, (about 52 U.S. cents), France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, "Rapport moral sur l'activite du Comite Central des Péches Maritimes pendant l'anriee 1963, presente par J.S. Parquic, President du Comité Central des Péches Maritimes" (Comprehensive report on the activities of the Comité Central des Peches Maritimes during the year 1963, presented by J.R. Parquic, President of the Committee), by J.S. Parquic, article, France Péche, no, 84, May 1964, pp. 49-54, 57-58, 61-67, 69, 71-81, 85-87, 88, 91-92, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F. (about 52 U.S. cents). France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. "Les résultats compares de la péche en France en 1963 (Data on France's fishing industry for 1963),"' article, France Péche, no. 82, March 1964, pp. 23- 24, printed in French, single copy 2.50 F. (about 52 U.S. cents). France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lo- rient, France. FREEZE-DRYING; "Studies on the storage of dehydrated food by freeze- drying. 3--Changes of carotenoid and fat in freeze- dryed tomato, carrot, and oyster,'' by S. Kimura and K. Shioda, article, Nihon Shokuhin-kogyo Gakkai-shi, vol. 10, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 169-174, printed in Ja- panese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Sublimatsionnaia Sushka Pishchevikh Produktov (Freeze-Drying of Food Products), by A. K. Kami- narskaia, S.A. Livshits, and Y. A. Olenev, 52 pp., , September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW wily illus., printed in Russian, 1963, 22 Kopecks (about 25 U.S. cents). Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Tor- govoi Literatury, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Discusses pres- ent status of the freeze-drying process; construc- tion of the apparatus used; raw materials, quality control of products, research methods; and drying of meat and fish. Also covers in detail drying of fish preparations, storage of freeze-dried fish and fish preparations, and other related topics. --Milan A. Kravanja FRESH-WATER FISHERIES: "Nekotorye voprosy theorii akklimatizatsii presnovod- nykh ryb'’ (Some aspects of the theory of acclimati- zation of fresh-water fish), by E. V. Burmakin, arti- cle, Zoologicheski Zhurnal, vol. +0, no, 9, 1961, pp. 1385-1394, printed in Russian. Redaktsiia Zoologic- heskogo Zhurnala, Podsosenskii per. d. 21, Moscow B-64, U.S.S.R. "Osnovnye zadachi razvitiya ozernogo rybnogo khoz- yaistva v SSSR" (The development of the lake fishing industry in the U.S.S.R.), article Biological Ab- stracts, vol, 44, no, 2, 1963, 4907, printed. Biologi- cal Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FROGS: "Bull frogging in Louisiana," article, Louisiana Con- servationist, vol. 14, nos. 7 and 8, July-August 1964, pp. 14-15, illus., printed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La, 70130. Covers the significance of the Louisiana bullfrog to the gourmet, to the commercial frogger, to the student of zoology, and to the sportsman, Dis- cusses the methods of catch, frog metamorphosis, and the gradual disappearance of the once ideal Lou- isiana frog habitat because of drainage, flood con- trol, and lake building, FROZEN FISH: "Basic quality changes in frozen seafood," by W. J. Dyer, article, ASHRAE Journal, vol. 6, January 1964, pp. 77-78, printed. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, 62 Meri St., New York, N, Y, 10013. Individually frozen fish fillets,'' by W. R. Lang, arti- cle, Food Manufacture, vol. 38, December 1963, pp. 667-669, printed. Leonard Hill, Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., London NW1, England, "Time-temperature tolerance of frozen seafood," by John A, Peters, article, ASHRAE Journal, vol. 6, January 1964, p. 77, printed. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engi- neers, 62 Worth St., New York, N, Y. 19013, "Water-thawing of frozen cod blocks,'' by W. A. Mac- Callum and D.G, Ellis, article, Journal of the Fish- 1964, pp. 115-131, printed, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. GEAR: "An acoustically telemetering depth gauge," by M. J. Tucker and others, article, Deep-Sea Research, vol, 10, no, 4, 1963, pp. 471-478, illus., printed. Per- gamon Press, 122 E, 55th St., New York, N. Y. 10022, GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Die Bedeutung der Fishwirtschaft fur die Volkswirt- ~schaft der Entwicklungslander und deren Forderun durch die Bundesre abn Deutschland (The Signifi- cance of the Fish industry in the Economies of De- veloping Nations and their Assistance from the Fed- eral Republic of Germany), by Dr. Werner Becker, 30 pp., illus., printed in German, (Reprinted from Berichte Uber Landwirtschaft, vol. 42, 1964, pp. 119- 148.) Verlag Paul Parey, Spitalerstrasse 12, 2000 Hamburg 1, Germany. "A Cuxhaven second port de péche allemand: 90% du poisson frais fileté et un prix plancher" (At Cux- haven, Germany's second fishing port: 90 percent of the fresh fish is filleted and a floor price), article, France Péche, no, 84, May 1964, pp, 123-126, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F, (about 52 U.S. cents), France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, GRAYLING: Life History and Migratory Patterns of Arctic Gray- ling, Research Report No, 2, processed, 1963. De- partment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, GREAT SLAVE LAKE; Description of Great Slave Lake Commercial Fishing Vessels in 1963, by J.J. Keleher, Manuscript Re- ports of the Great Slave Lake Investigation No, 32, 39 pp., printed, 1964. Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, London, Ont., Canada. GUATEMALA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Guatemala, by Rodney D, nderson, OBR £ 1-50, 8 pp., printed, May 1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) The report discusses trade policy, import tariff sys- tem, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff im- port controls, the country's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government rep- resentation between the two countries, HAKE; Estadistica de la Pesca de la Merluza en el Ano 1962, Segun Areas de Captura (Fishery Statistics of the — Hake. 1962, by Catch Area), 15 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, 1964, Direccion General de Pesca y Con- servacion de la Fauna, Departamento de Investiga- ciones Pesqueras, Secretaria de Estado de Agricul- tura y Ganaderia, Buenos Aires, Argentina. GAR: The Alligator Gar, by Victor W. Lambou, Wildlife Ed- HALIBUT: ucation Bulletin No, 30, 7 pp., illus., printed, 1962, Regulation and Investigation of the Pacific Halibut Fish- (Reprinted from Louisiana Conservationist, January ery in 1963, Report = the International Pacific Hali- 1956.) Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commis- yo ssae No, 34, 24 pp., illus., printed, 1964. sion, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St.. New Orleans, La, 70130. International Pacific Halibut Commission, Fisheries 118 Hall No. 2, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash. A report of the accomplishments of the Commission during 1963 including historical background, activi- ties during the year, 1963 regulations, and statis- tics of the fishery. Also covers composition of the catches, tagging experiments, studies of halibut be- low commercial size, and trawl survey of demersal species off the southern coast of central and western Alaska. HERRING: "Chemical studies on the herring (Clupea harengus). VIlI--Further observations on the production of car- bonyls in heat-processed herring,’ by R. B, Hughes, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agricul- ture, vol. 14, December 1963, pp. 893-901, printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., Lon- don SW1, England. Selected Articles on Herring, OTS 63-11108, 45 pp., illus., processed, 1963, cents. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Okeanografi- vol. 1, no. 4, 1932, pp. 3-66.) Of- cheskogo Instituta, fice of Eechnicel Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20230. “Sootnoshenie rosta i polovogo sozrevaniya vesennene- réstuyushchei salaki’' (Correlation of growth and sex- ual maturation in spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus membras), by L.A. Rannak, article, Trud oveschchaniia Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissii Akademi- ia Nauk SSSR, vol. 13, tet, pp. 337-343, printed in Russian. Izdatel'stvo Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Pod- sosenskii per. d. 21, Moscow B-64, U.S.S.R. "A study on the method of prediction of the Hokkaido spring herring resources," by N. Hanamura, article, Suisan-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 26, March 1963, pp ae GLI printed in Ja- panese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional | Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan, HORMONES: A Convenient Technique for Obtaining Pituitary Glands from Fish, By otiaoas Suyuki, P, J. Schmidt, an ee Smith, Reprint No. 768, 3 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, no, 3, 1964, pp. 635-637.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, HUNGARY: “Production drive in Hungary," article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 2, April-June 1964, pp. 113+ 114, 116, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 90 U.S. cents), Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, Eng- land, ICHTHYOLOGY: Copeia, no. 2, June 30, 1964, 212 pp., illus., printed. Ponenican Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetolo- gists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. In- cludes, among others, articles on: ‘Mass spawning behavior of sockeye salmon in Brooks River, Alas- ka," by Wilbur L. Hartman, Theodore R. Merrell, Jr., and Richard Painter; Carcharhinus floridanus, the silky shark, a synonym of C. falciformis, by COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 J.A.F. Garrick, Richard H. Bachus, and Robert H. Gibbs, Jr.; "An experimental study of the effect of temperature on the incubation time, development, and growth of Pacific sardine embryos and larvae," by Reuben Lasker; "Instrumental conditioning of young sharks," by Timothy Wright and Robert Jack- son; 'The pelagic eggs and early larval stages of the black drum from Chesapeake Bay," by Edwin B. Joseph, William H. Massmann, and John J. Norcross; "Observations on dolphins (Coryphaena sp.) in the central Pacific Ocean," by Brian J. Rothschild; and "Occurrence of the Pacific bonito in coastal Alaskan waters,'' by Jay C, Quast. INDIAN OCEAN: "Kratkie itogi rabot vtoroi Indookeanskoi ekspeditsii AZchERNIRO" (Brief notes on activities of the sec- ond expedition of the Azov-Black Sea Marine Fish- ery Research Institute in the Indian Ocean), by B.S. Solov'ev, article, Okeanologiya, vol. 3, no. 5, 1963, pp. 936-938, illus., printed. Gheansissae Akademi- ia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Oreanceraphie Stations Taken in the Indian Ocean b U.S.C.G.C, EASTWIND (WAGB-279) in 1967, by Willis L. Tressler, N.O.O, Tr. 141, 84 pp., printed, July 1963, 75 cents, Naval Oceanographic Office, Wash- ington 25, D. C. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Report of the First Meeting, September 1963, 16 pp., processed in French and English, 1964. North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Rm. 617, East Block, White- hall Pl., London SW1, England. Contains a report of the proceedings of the first meeting of the newly formed North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, London, September 18-20, 1963. Commissioners were present from all Contracting States: Belgium, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Ice- land, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu- gal, Spain, Sweden, U.S.S.R., and the United Kingdom. The Commission elected officers, adopted Rules of Procedure, appointed an Infractions Committee and a Finance Committee, approved a budget for the cur- rent financial year, and established Regional Com- mittees for each of the three regions into which the Convention area is divided. The Commission made plans to hold its second meeting in The Hague, May 12, 1964, Proces-Verbal de la Reunion, 1963 (Report on the 1963 eeting), pp., illus., processed, 1964, Conseil International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer (I.C.E.S.), Charlottenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark. Con- tains information on the 51st Meeting of the Council at Madrid, September-October 1963. Report gives lists of participants and committees; agenda, general meetings, resolutions passed; budget for 1963/1964; and recommendations of consultative committee. In addition, included are the reports of the various com- mittees: Editorial; District Northern Seas; Near Northern Seas; Baltic-Belt Seas; Comité Atlantique; Comparative Fishing (and appendix, ''Report of Sym- posium on the Measurement of Fish Stocks"); Gadoid Fish; Herring (and appendix, 'Interim Report of the Working Group on the Assessment of Herring Fish- eries in Near Northern Seas"); Comite de la Sar- dine; Salmon and Trout; Shellfish; Statistical; and others. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. JAPAN: "Aquatic products industry," article, Japanese Indus - try 1963, pp. 143-146, illus, printed. Phe Foreign apital Research Society, c/o The Bank of Japan, Hongoku-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Fish and marine products in 1962 in Japan increased 2 percent over the previous year to 6.86 milliontons (exclusive of the whaling branch), setting a new rec- ord, Yet the fisheries accounted for only 2.3-2.5 percent of gross national income in 1961, Neverthe- less, the fishery production index in 1962, taking 1950-52 averages as 100, showed a remarkable rise to 205.7. Exports of perishable fish and shellfish in 1962 totaled $83 million, a broad increase of 36 percent over the previous year. Pearl exports for the same year increased 17 percent over those of the previous year to $41.8 million. This article, besides reviewing the history of the Japanese fishing and related industries, includes statistical tables showing landings of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants; the whale catch; num- bers of powered fishing vessels; ice plants, cold storage, and refrigeration plants; and exports of a- quatic products. LAKE ERIE: Limnological Survey of Lake Erie, 1959 and 1960, by Alfred M, Beeton, 1 echnical Report No. 6, 32 pp., printed, 1963. Great Lakes Fishery Commissio1., Ann Arbor, Mich. LAKE TROUT: "The accumulation of DDT in lake trout and the effect of reproduction," by G.E. Burdick and others, arti- cle, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol, 93, no, 2, 1964, pp. 127-136, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave, NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20005. LIGHT ATTRACTION: "O prirode i mekhanizme reaktsii ryb na iskusstvennyi svet (predvarit. soobshchenie)" (The nature and mechanism of fish reactions to artifical light--(pre- liminary report), by V.R. Protasov and Yu. P. Al- tukhov, article, Trudy Karadagsk., vol. 17, 1961, pp. 3-6, printed in Russian. iological Station, Aka- demii Nauk, Ukrainian S.S.S.R. LIPIDS: "The change of the lipid system in fish meat at several treating and manufacturing courses," by K. Miwa, article, Suisan-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 26, March 1963, pp. [DOC TS4, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. MACKEREL: "A study on the migration of the mackerels (Scomber japonicus and S. tapeinocephalus) based on tagging experiments in the East China Sea," by N. Ogawa and others, article, Seikai-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenk: Hokoku, vol, 28, March 1963, pp. 5-47, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Suisan-cho Seikai- ku, Suisan Kenkyusho, Marvo-Machi, Nagasaki-shi, Japan, "Studies on the movement of shoals of mackerel and its environmental factors. 2--The relationship be- tween the floating-up of mackerel shoals in the bay of Ishikari, Hokkaido and the evnironmental factors," by T. Kawakami, article, Nihon Suisan Gakkai-shi, vol. 29, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 415-420, printed in Ja- panese with English abstract. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, MALAYSIA: Preliminary Bibliography of Fish and Fisheries for Malyasia, compiled by A, Soulier, Occasional Paper S373. 33 pp., printed, 1963. Indo-Pacific Fisheries, Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ma- liwan Masion, Phra Atit Rd., Bangkok, Thailand. MAPS: Ocean Fishing Map of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, 2 pp., illus., sure 1964, Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, Calif. 95814, A summary of ocean sport fishing, including a listing of fishing areas, kinds of fish caught, best times of year to fish, and gear and bait to use. MARINE FOULING: Marine Fouling of Seagoin On the Methods of Studyin “Ships and H entccumeal Structures, by N.I. Tarasov and N. A, Rudyakova, 5 pp., princed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 49, 1961, pp. 60-64.) U.S. Naval Oceanographic Of- fice, Washingtan 25, D. C. MEXICO: "El mar y las industrias maritimas, factor primor- dial de desarrollo en el gran futuro economico de Mexico" (The sea and the marine industries, primary development factor in the great economic future of Mexico), article, Novedades, March 15, 1964, Mexi- co en la Cultura section, pp. 1-4, illus., printed in Spanish, ''Novedades,"' Mexico, D. F., Mexico, MONTANA: "A preliminary list of Montana fishes," by C. J.D. ‘Brown, article, Proceedings of the Montana Academ of Sciences, vol. 22, > pp. 21-26, printed. Mon- tana Academy of Sciences, Montana State University, Missoula, Mont, NETS: "The fishing of trawls and seines. 2," by A. R. Mar- getts, article, World Fishing, vol. 13, January 1964, pp. 48-49, printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London, NW1, England, "Mechanical gill net hauler," by Frank Dopplinger, ar- ticle, Trade News, vol. 16, no, 11, May 1964, pp. 4-5, illus., processed. Director of Information and Edu- cational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Reports primarily on Canada's Department of Fisheries recently developed mechanical gill-net hauler designed to meet the needs of the ever-increas - ing number of small inshore fishing vessels. "Methods of preservation of cotton net twines," by G.K. Kuriyan and S. G, Nayar, article, IPFC Current Affairs Bulletin, no. 38, December 1963, pp. 6-8, printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and 120 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ma- liwan Mansion, Phra Atit Rd., Bangkok, Thailand. "A small towed net for ocean surface sampling," by R.P. Willis, article, New Zealand Journal of Science, vol. 6, no. 1, 1963, pp. 120-126, printed. Depart- ment of Science and Industrial Research, Box 8018, Wellington, New Zealand, NEW JERSEY: Annual Report of the Division of Fish and Game for the F goal Year Commencing July 1, 1962 and End- ing June 30, 1963, 63 pp., printed, 1963. Depart- ment of Conservation and Economic Development, Trenton, N. J. NIGERIA: Basic Data on the Economy of Nigeria, by A. A. Wil- “ken, OBR 64-47, 30, aoeeiices printed, April 1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendeng of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402.) Nigeria is located on the west coast of Africa facing southward on the Gulf of Guinea and is roughly equal in size to California, Oregon, and Nevada combined. She is the most populous country in Africa, having an estimated population of 40 million people in mid- 1963, The report contains information on Nigeria's Government, structure of the economy, industrial sec- tors, andthe laborforce. Also covers finance, foreign trade, Government role in the economy; and outlook for the economy. The potential for development of the fishing industry seems strong, according to this report. The 6-Year Plan includes several projects aimed at developing the fishing industry both along the coast and in inland areas, Rivers contain Niger perch which sometimes weigh as much as 50 pounds, NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC: Management of the High Seas Fisheries of the North- ones Pacific, by Richard Van Cleve, Publications in Fisheries, New Series, vol. 2, no. 2, 63 pp., print- ed, 1963, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. NORHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION: The Selectivity of Fishing Gear, Special Publication “No.5, pp., illus., printed, 1963. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. This is Volume 2 of Pro- ceedings of Joint I.C.N.A.F./I.C.E.S./F.A.O. Special Scientific Meeting held at Lisbon, 1957. Contains papers and abstracts of papers given at that meeting. Includes, among others, the following: "The influ- ence of behaviour on the capture of fish with baits,"' by K.R. Allen; ''The selective action of nets made of manila, hemp and nylon,"' by J. Ancellin and P, Des- brosses; ''Escape of fish through different parts of a cod-end,"' by R.J.H. Beverton; "A method for de- termining gear selectivity and its application," by S.J. Holt; "An illustration of differing selectivities in two trawls,'' by A. R. Margetts; ''Results on the effects of using small-mesh covers; effects on the catches of the escape sizes of fish,"' by B.B. Parrish and J. A. Pope; ''Sampling catches at sea," by J. A. Pope; ''Selectivity of long lines,"' by G. Saetersdal; "The stretch on net meshes," by W. Strzyzewski and J. Zaucha; and ''On the selectivity of trawls and driftnets,'"' by A. Treschev. NORWAY: "La industria Noruega de conservas de pescado en 1963" (Norway's fish canning industry in 1963), arti- cle, Industria Conservera, vol. 30, no. 297, March 1964, printed in Spanish. Industria Conservera, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. OCEANOGRAPHIC GEAR: "An expendable bathythermograph," by Robert A. Ras- mussen, article, Journal of Marine Research, vol, 21, no. 3, 1963, pp. 304-316, illus., printed. Sears Foun- dation for Marine Research, Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. OCEANOGRAPHY: "Compilacion bibliografica sobre la oceanografia de las aguas litorales de Colombia, Ecuador y Peru, con especial referencia al fenomeno 'El Nino!" (Bibliographic compilation on the oceanography of the coastal waters of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, with special reference to the ''E] Nino" phenomenon), by Malvern Gilmartin, article, Boletin Cientifico y Tec- nico, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1964, pp. 1-15, printed in Spanish and English. Instituto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Ministerio de Fomento, Guayaquil, Ecuador. The first issue of a new periodical published by the National Fisheries Institute of Ecuador and dedicated to scientific papers concerning the western coast of South America. Contributions of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1962, 1515 spmansinters 1963. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. "Drift bottle modifications for air drops,"' by Gerald B. Talbot, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no. 2, 1964, pp, 203-204, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. The D mic Method in Oceanography, by L. M, Fomin, 224 pp., illus., printed, 1964, a Hise Publish- ing Co., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017. This Great and Wide Sea; an Introduction to Oceanog- raphy and Marine Biology, by Robert ©. Coker, EG pp., illus., printed, 196s 1962, Harper and Bros., 49 E. 33rd St., New York, N.Y. 10016, Oceanographic Cruise USCGC "Northwind," Bering and Chakeht Se Jul: ~Sept., 1962, United States Coast Guard Oceanographic Report No. 1 (CG-373-1), 111 pp., illus., printed, 1964, $1.50. United States Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D. C, 20402.) "Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Sonderband--Drittes Meresbiologi- sche Symposion 23, bis 25. Oktober 1962 in Bremer- haven" (Publications of the Institute of Oceanology in Bremerhaven, Supplement--Third Marine Biological Symposium, October 23-25th, 1962, in Bremerhaven), edited by W. Hohnk, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 44, no. 1, 1963, 525, printed. Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. OCEAN PERCH: ICES/ICNAF Redfish Symposium, Special Publication oO. 3, pp., printed, » C$11,.25, International September 1964 Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P,O, Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. The report of the Inter- national Redfish Symposium, Copenhagen, October 1959, Contains 34 complete papers, 10 abstracted papers, and a comprehensive bibliography of litera- ture on Sebastes in addition to summary reports of the chairman and reports by the discussion leaders for each of the five sections. OTOLITHS: "Determining the age of young herring from their otoliths," by John E, Watson, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol, 93, no, 1, 1964, pp. 11-20, illus., printed. Society, 1404 New York Ave, NW., Washington, D. C. 20005, OYSTERS: Investigations of the Oyster Beds in Loch Ryan, by R. H. Millar, Marine Research 1963 No. 5, 27 pp., illus., printed, 1963, 7s. 6d. (about US$1.05). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 13A Castle St,, Edin- burgh 2, Scotland. The Louisiana Oyster Story, by Ednard Waldo, Wild- “life Education Bulletin No. 32, 11 pp., illus., printed, 1962, Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commis- sion, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130, "The innocuous oyster which can neither fight nor run has somehow taken its place with the great in the recorded pages of history ...'' states the author. This pamphlet cov- ers the oyster's history as a food, its biological functions, and some ways to cook it. "L'Ostreiculture Charentaise A un tournant de son histoire" (The oyster culture industry of Charente at a turning-point in its history), article, France Péche, no, 83, April 1964, pp. 15-22, 60, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F. (about 52 U.S, cents), France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, PELAGIC FISH: "Nekotorye osobennosti raspredelniya massovykh pelagichéskikh ryb v zone ekvatorial'nykh techenii Tikhogo okeana (Po materialam 34-go reisa e/s Vityaz')" (Some features of the distribution of com- mon pelagic fishes in the region of the equatorial currents of the Pacific Ocean--according to data gathered during the 34th cruise of the expedition ship Vityaz'), by N. V. Parin, article, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1963, No. 15137 (translation), printed. Referativnii Zhurnal-Bilogiia, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Rezul'taty izucheniya pelagicheskoi ikhtiofauny Tik- hogo i Indiiskogo okeanov pri pomoshchi elektri- cheskogo sveta" (Data on the pelagic fish fauna of the Pacific and Indian Oceans obtained by the use of elec- tric lights), by N.V. Parin, article, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1963, No. 15136 (translation), printed. Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW merican Fisheries 121 PERU: Las Exportaciones de Productos Pesqueros (Exports ~of Fishery Products), by Javier Iparraguirre Cortez, Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica 21, 62 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, July 1963. Servicio de Pesqueria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, Peru, Data are mostly for 1962 with comparisons for previous years, "A survey of Peruvian fishing communities," E. A, Hammel and Ynez D, Haase, article, Anthropological Records, vol. 21, no, 2, 1962, pp. 211-229, eee printed. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. PESTICIDES: "Persistence of DDT and its metabolites in a farm pond," by W.R. Bridges, B,J. Kallman, and A.K. Andrews, article, Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 92, no. 4, 1963, pp. -427, print- ed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY: "Studies on the physiological chemistry of phosphorus compounds in fish muscle, XI--Effect of loading on the activity of myosin-B ATP-ASE in Gibel," by To- moo Nakano and Tsuchiya Yasuhiko, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28; December 1962, pp. 1184-1187, printed. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigan- dori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, PHYSIOLOGY: ‘ "The biology of sound-producing fishes," by N. B, Marshall, article, Symposia of the Zoological Societ of London, vol. 7, ites’ pp. 45-60, See Zoologi- cal Society of London, Regent's Park, London, Eng- land. "The speed of swimming fish as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat,"' by R. Bainbridge, article, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 109-133, illus., printed. Cam- bridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. Techniques for the Investigation of Fish Physiology (Rukovodstvo po Metodike Issledovaniya Fiziologii Ryb), edited by E.N. Pavlovskii, OTS 64-11001, 317 pp., illus., processed, 1964, $3.25, (Translatedfrom the Russian; Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologiches- kaya Komissiya, Moscow, 1962.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D, C. 20230. POLAND: Zootechnika, zeszyt 2, rybactwo 1, 1960, 115 pp., illus., printed in Polish, Zeszyty Naukowe, Szkoly Glownej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Warsaw, Po- land. Contains articles on ichthyology. POLLOCK: "Changes in muscle protein of Alaska pollack during storage in ice," by T. Tokunaga, article, Suisan-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 26, March 1963, pp. 135-142, printed in Japanese with English abstract, Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. 122 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. POLLUTION: "The biological effects of synthetic detergents in the river Lee, Hertfordshire, : by H. B.N. Hyndes, arti- cle, Biological Abstracts, vol. 42, no. 6, 1963, 20536, printed. Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Development of water quality criteria for aquatic life," by C.M. Tarzwell, article, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, vol. 34, no. 11, 1962, pp. 1178-1185, printed. Water Pollution Control Federation, 4435 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. Service Publication No. 847, 31 pp., printed, 1964, 25 cents. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Presents data on pollution-caused fish kills by State, source of pollution, type of water, month, severity of damage, and others; and cumulative list- ing of reports by river or lake affected, "Pollution effects of agricultural insecticides and synthetic detergents, by Tom D. Reynolds, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 42, no. 5, 1963, 18833, SSS Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Phil- adelphia 4, Pa. Water Pollution--in the Past and in the Sixties, by Kenneth E, Biglane, Wildlife Education Bulletin No. 24, 7 pp., illus., printed, 1962. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg.; 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Re- views the history of water pollution and efforts to- wards its control. Most authorities agree that those deeds accomplished in the pollution control field dur- ing the 1960's will have far reaching effects on the health and welfare of our country for the next 20 years, states the author. POLLUTION CONTROL: The Position of the Food and Agriculture Organization "with Respect to Water Pollution Control, by William A. Dill, FAO Fisheries Biology Technical Paper No. 34, 24 pp., processed, June 1963, distribution re- stricted. Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. PORTUGAL: Comercio Externo. Volume I--Comércio por Merca- dorias e Paises, 1963 (Foreign Commerce, Volume I--By Commodity and Country), 577 pp., illus., print- edin Portugueseand French, 1964, 130 Escudos (a- bout US$4.52). Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Lisbon, Portugal. Contains details, among other commodities, on imports and exports of fishery prod- ucts, Grémio dos Armadores da Pesca da Baleia, Relatério e Contas do Exercicio de 1963 e Orcamento para 1964 (Whaling Vessel Owners! Guide, Report of Op- erations in 1963 and Budget for 1964), 37 pp., print- edin Portuguese, February 1964. Comissao Revisora de Contas, Lisbon, Portugal. Statistica das Pescas Maritimas no Continente e Ilhas Adjacentes no Ano de 1962 (Statistics of Marine Fish- eries on the Continent and Adjacent Islands, 1962), 143 pp., printed in Portuguese, 1963. Direccao das Pescarias, Ministerio da Marinha, Lisbon, Portugal. PRESERVATION: "Studies on the preservation of marine products, 7 and 8--Microbiological survey of frozen 'surimi',"' by M. Sasajima and others, article, Suisan-cho Hok- kaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 26, _ March 1963, pp. T18-155, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. "O zamene obzharki ryby v masle obrabotkoi gorya- chim vozdukhom pered konservirovaniem™ (On the replacement of frying in oil by treatment with hotair before preserving), by B, E, Akimova, article, Iz- vestia Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Pishchevaya Tekhnologiia, vol. 3, 1963, pp. 92-95, illus., printed in Russian. Izdatel' Krasnodarskogo Instituta Tish- chevoi Promyshlennosti, Ul. Krasnaya, 135, Kras- nodar, U.S.S.R. } PROTEIN: "Fish muscle proteins,'' by J.J. Connell, article, Re- cent Advances in Food Science, pp. 136-146, printed, 1962. Butterworth & Co, Ltd., Bell Yard, Temple Bar, London WC2, England. QUALITY: "Rancidity of fresh and frozen fish,’ by F. Bramsnaes and P. Hansen, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 59, September 2, 1963, 5695g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C, 20006. "Some aspects of the problem of quality control in the fish industry," by C. L. Cutting and G, H.O. Burgess, article, Society of Chemical Industr ee No. 8, pp. 59-77, printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES: "Izuchenie biologicheskoi produktivnosti vodoemov pri pomoshchi radioizotopov' (A study of the biological productivity of bodies of water using radioactive isotopes), by V.I, Zhadin, A. G, Rodina and A.S. Troshin, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 44, no. 3, 1963, 9328, printed, Biological Abstracts, 3815 Wal- nut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. RED TIDE: "Mass mortality of marine organisms attributed to the 'Red Tide! in Southern California," by Donald J. Reish, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 4, 1963, pp. 265-270, printed. Printing Division, Documents Section, No, Seventh St. at Richards Blvd., Sacramento, Calif. 95814, "The red tide,"’ by Arthur H. Bryan, article, American Biology Teacher, vol. 25, no. 1, 1963, pp. 53-04, printed, National Association of Biology Teachers, Bryan, Ohio. REFRIGERATION: "Refrigeration in the fisheries industry," by Harden F. Taylor, article, ASHRAE Journal, vol, 6, January 1964, p. 76, printed. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 62 Worth St., New York, N, Y. 10013. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. ROCKFISH: "A contribution to the biology of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis Cuvier et Valenciennes," by E. Harada, article, Publications of the Seto Marine Bi- ological Laboratory, vol, 10, no, 2, December 1962, pp. SOT . veto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Seto, Japan, “Growth and maturity of the commonrockfish, Sebas- tiscus marmoratus Cuvier et Valenciennes," by T. Shiokawa, article, Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, Spec. vol, 6, December 1988, pp. 91-102. Japanese National Commission for UNESCO, 4-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ROUGH FISH: "Three seasons of rough fish removal at Norris Res- ervoir, Tennessee," by Billy B. Carroll and Gordon E, Hall, article, Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 92, no. 4, 1963, pp. 356-364, print- ed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New YorkAve. NW., Washington, D. C, 20005, SALMON: "Ob adaptivnom znachenii stroeniya nerestovykh bug- rov lososei roda Oncorhynchus" (The adaptive sig- nificance of the structure of spawning redds in salm- on of the genus Oncorhynchus), by I.S. Vasil'ev, article, Biological Abstracts, vol, 44, no, 3, 1963, 9320, printed, Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Biokhimicheskie izmemeniya organizma molodi loso- sya pri perekhode v pokatnoe sostoyanie' (Biochem- ical changes in the bodies of young salmon--Pisces-- during their downstream migration), by E. M. Mali- kova, article, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1962, no. 20179, printed in Russian, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S,S.R, "O biologii primorskoi gorbushi Oncorhynchus gor- buscha (Walbaum)" (On the biology of the pink salmon of the Maritime Province, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum), by O. V. Vasilenko-Lukina, article, Vop- rosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 2, no, 4, 1962, pp. 604-608, printed in Russian, Akademia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiolog- icheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Blood types in Pacific salmon," by George J. Ridg- way and George W. Klontz, article, Bulletin of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, no. 5, pp. 49-55, printed, 1961, International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 N,W, Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada. Bristol Bay Red Salmon Forecast of Run for 1964, edited by Frank J. Ossiander, Informational Leaflet 39, 43 pp., illus., processed, April 29, 1964, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, Discusses forecasts by rivers based on par- ent cycle escapements and smolt abundance; abun- dance of young salmon at sea; multiple regression prediction; and 1964 Bristol Bay forecast based on mathematical analyses, Data from enough years from both high-seas and fresh-water research are accumulating so that a multiple regression analysis now seems reasonable for separately predicting re- turning numbers of red salmon after 2-ocean and 3- ocean years, "Chromosome morphology and species evolution in the five North American species of Pacific salmon (On- rhynchus)," by Raymond C, Simon, article, Journal co of Morphology, vol, 112, no, 1, 1963, pp. 77-97, print- ed. Wistar ature of Anatomy and Biology, 36th St, and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. "Consideration on the differences in body length, sex ratio and body weight in the pink salmon catches of long-line and gill-net of the Japanese land-based fish- eries, with special reference to mesh selectivity," by T. Ishida, article, Suisan-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 26, March 1963, pp. ee printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan, "Decline of the Alaska salmon. A case study in re- source « onservation policy," by Richard Allen Cooley, article, Dissertation Abstracts, vol. 23, no. 2, 1962, pp. 686-687, printed. University Microfilms, Uni- versity of Michigan, 313 N, lst St., Ann Arbor, Mich, "Ecological distribution of spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in three lateral streams, Brooks Lake, Alaska,'' by David Townsend Hoopes, article, Dissertation Abstracts, vol. 42, no. 6, 20609, printed. University Microfilms, University of Michi- gan, 313 N. lst St., Ann Arbor, Mich, "Ecological studies on the land-locked Masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoot), (1) Ecological sur- cession on the limnological conditions and feedin habit on the lake-locked form at Uryu reservoir, M. Osanai, article, Suisan Fukajo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol, 17, December 1962, pp. 31-59" printed in Japa- nese. Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakanoshima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The Exploitation, Scientific Investigation and Manage- “ment of Salmon (Genus ONCORHYNCHUS) Stocks on the Pacific Coast of the United States in Relation to the Abstention Provisions of the North Pacific Fish- eries Convention, Bulletin No, 10, 160 pp., printed, 1962. International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C. Canada, Forecast of the Chignik River Red Salmon Run in 1964, by M. L. Dahlberg and others, Informational Leaflet No. 38, 4 pp., illus., processed, April 20, 1964. Alas- ka Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. "Formennye elementy krovi v razvitii lososya'' (The formed blood elements in the development of the salm- on), by I. N. Ostroumova, article, Trudy Soveshchaniia Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissiia, vol, 8, 1958, pp. 380- 386, printed, Four Continent Book Corporation, 156 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. High-Seas Salmon Fishing by Canadian Vessels in 1962, by F. Neave and others, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 759, 59 pp., printed, 1963. Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. "Todine metabolism in adult king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum)," by Gilles La Roche =a oth- 124 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. ers, article, Proceedings of The XVI International Congress of Zoology, vol. 2, 1963, p. 154, printed. Permanent Committee of International Zoological Congresses, Secretary (Pierre Grasse), 105 Blvd. Raspail, Paris 6, France, "Method used to distinguishbetween immature and ma- turing sockeye and chum salmon taken by Canadian exploratory fishing vessels.inthe Gulf of Alaska," by H. Godfrey, article, Bulletin of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, no. 5, pp. 17- 25, printed, 1961. International North Pacific Fish- eries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada. "The morphology of the olfactory organ of the Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus),"' by ‘Wolfgang Pfeiffer, arti- cle, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 41, no, 7, 1963, pp. 1233-1236, printed. Division of Administration, National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa 52, Canada. : "Opyt otsenki nekotorykh diet, primenyayushchikhya dyla molodi baltiiskogo lososya, po dannym gistofi- ziologicheskogo analiza pecheni'' (Evaluation of some diets used for Baltic salmon fry by means of histo- physiological examination of the liver), by K, A. Faktorovich, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, 1960, pp. 103-112, printed in Russian. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, B-140, U.S.S.R. "Opyt prudovogo vyrashchivaniya molodi semgi, Bal- tiiskogo i Ozerfogo lososei do pokatnogo sostoya- niya"’ (Experience in the pqnd breeding of the young of Atlantic, Baltic, and lake salmon until the migra- tory state), by N. V. Evropeitseva, article, Refera- tivnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1962, no, 20187, printed in Russian, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institute Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Regular fluctuations in the annual abundance of Adams River race s;ockeye salmon and the operation of pos- sible causal agents," by Fredrick James Ward, arti- cle, Dissertation Abstracts, vol. 23, no. 6, 1962, 2265, printed. University Microfilms, University of Michigan, 313 N. 1st St., Ann Arbor, Mich, "On the reproduction curves and optimum escapements for the sockeye salmon stocks of the Skeena River, the Fraser River and Bristol Bay and the pink salm- on stocks of Alaska," by Takayuki Doi, article, Bul- letin of the International North Pacific Fisheries _ Commission, no. 10, pp. 155-160, printed, 1962. In- ternational North Pacific Tisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Maine Dr., Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada. Salmon Fact Book, 42 pp., illus., processed. Canned Salmon Institute, 302 Colman Bldg., Seattle 4, Wash. This booklet traces the history of the salmon and describes both the catching and packing of "'the king of canned fish,"' Also included are several pages of recipes for the preparation of salmon dishes, salads, and sandwiches, "Some factors having effects on the behavior of salm- on in the time of gill-netting,'' by K. Taguchi, arti- cle, Nihon Suisan Gakkai-shi, vol. 29, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 434-440, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Spawning Ground Survey of Red Salmon Eggs and Lar- vae in Sasi ay, 3, by Michael L- Nelson, In- formational Leaflet No. 40, 7 pp., illus., processed, May 8, 1964, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. "Two biological stains as markers for sockeye salmon fry," by F.J. Ward and L.A. Verhoeven, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. , no, 4, 1963, pp. 379-383, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20005. "Vliyanie gidrosooruzhenii na zapasy fsennykh promy- slovykh ryb i zadachi rybovodstva v novykh usloviy- akh" (Effects of hydro-electric installations on com- mercially important fish stocks and objectives of fish management under the new conditions), by I. A. Ba- rannikova, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, 1960, pp. 92-103, printed in Russian. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, B-140, U.S.S.R. SANITATION: "Ultraviolet irradiation of circulating refrigerated fish storage brines,"' by J. W. Boyd and B.A. South- cott, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, January 1964, pp. 37-43, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, SARDINES: The Pilchard of South West Africa (SARDINOPS OCEL- LATA), Sexual Development, Condition Factor and Reproduction TST = 1500, by J.P. Mathews, Investi- gational Report No. 10, 95 pp., illus., printed. Ma- rine Research Laboratory, Administration of South West Africa, Windhoek, South West Africa. "Preliminary report on the Marquesan sardine, Ha- rengula vittata, in Hawaii," by Thomas S. Hida and Robert A. Morris, article, Pacific Science, vol, 17, no. 4, 1963, pp. 431-437, illus., printed, Pacific Sci- ence, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii. SCALLOPS: "Bay scallops as vigorous living filters,'' by Nelson Marshall, article, Maritimes, vol. 8, no. 2, Spring 1964, pp. 11-13, illus., printed. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.1. SEA TROUT: "'Vield and proximate composition of sea-trout from southern Brazil,"' by K. Watanabe, article, Nihon Suisan Gakkai-shi, vol. 29, May 1963, pp. 475-481. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba- Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. SEAWEEDS: "Some comments on the moveme=nt of the floating sea- weeds," by S. Segawa and others, article, Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, Spec. vol. 6, Decem- ber Tat, pp. 153-159. Japanese National Commis- sion for UNESCO, 4-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. SENSORY ORGANS: "Bkologo-fizionlogicheskie osobennosti organov chu- vstv nekotorykh ryb v svyazi s ikh pishchevymi re- aktsiyami" (The ecological-physiological features of the sense organs of certain fish in relation to their reactions), by M. P. Aronov, article, Biological Ab- stracts, vol, 43, no, 1, 1963, 462, printed. “Biol ogical Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Izuchenie zreniya ryb" (Study of vision in fish), by V.R. Protasov, article, Referativnii Zhurnal-Bio- logiia, 1962, no, 1162, printed in Russian. Refera- tivnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, In- stitut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Metody issledovaniya slukha ryb" (Methods of study- ing hearing in fish), by G, A. Malyukina, article, Re- ferativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, 1962, no, 1163, printed in Russian, Referativnii Zhurnal-Biologiia, Akademi- ia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchno-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SHRIMP: "Ecology of shrimps on the eel-grass bed. (1) Spiron- tocaris propugnatrix, (2) Leander macrodact ge and others. Hy Shrimps in relation to their environ- ment," by H. Kurata, article, Suisan-cho Hokkaido- ku Suisan Ke jo Kenkyu Hokoku, vol, 26, March T9063, pp. 81-96, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan, The Louisiana Shrimp Story, by Percy Viosca, Jr., ildlife Education Bulletin No, 40, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1962. uisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130, Describes types of shrimp found in Louisiana waters and their bio- logical characteristics. Osmoregulation in Two Species of PALAEMONETES (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Florida, by Sheldon Dobkin and Raymond B. Manning, Contribution No. 522, 9 pp., illus., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 14, no. 1, March 1964, pp. 149-157.) The Ma- rine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Mi- ami 49, Fla, "Preservation of shrimp," by Arthur F. Novak, arti- cle, ASHRAE Journal, vol, 6, January 1964, p. 76, printed. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 62 Worth St., New York, N.Y, "Studies on the proteinases of prawn (Penaeus orien- talis Kishinouye), (1) Division and activites of pro- teinases contained in the internal organs of prawn," by M, Fujii and others, article, Suisan Daigakko Kenyu Hokoku, vol. 12, no, 1, February T3¢3, pp. 7- 11, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Min- istry of Agriculture and Forestry, Marine Products Training Center, Shimonoseki, Japan, "Studies on the tyrosinase of prawn (Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye), (1) Several enzymatic and chemical properties, distribution and activities of tyrosinase, with special reference to determination of the activity by colorimetry of the tyrosine using of a-nitroso-B- naphthol as indicator," by M, Fujii and others, arti- cle, Suisan Daigakko Kenkyu Hokoku, vol, 12, no, 1, February 1963, pp. 1-6, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry, Marine Products Training Center, Shimono- seki, Japan. SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC: Marine Research at the University of Cape Town, 1959- , by J. H. Day, 16 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Uni- versity of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. Discusses world-wide interest in marine re- search, history of marine biological and oceanograph- ic research at the University of Cape Town, objec- tives of oceanographic investigations, achievements in that field at Cape Town during 1959-62, and needs of the Institute of Oceanography for vessels and e- quipment, SOUTHEAST ASIA: Preliminary Bibliography of Fish and Fisheries for Cambodia, Laos and renin compiled by A, Soulier, Occasional Paper 63/11, 80 pp., printed, 1963. Indo- Pacific Fisheries Council, Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand, SPAIN: Foren Trade Regulations of Spain, by Arley T, Cau- ill, OBR 64-51, ean nese, May 1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402.) The report dis- cusses trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements, Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import con- trols, the country's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government representa- tion between the two countries. Pesca y Conservas (Fishing and Canning), by Gaspar Masso; Itinerarios Turistico-Gastronomicos de la Provincia de Pontevedra (Itineraries of Gastronomic Tours of the Province of Pontevedra), by Alvaro Cunqueiro, Series, Nuestra Futuro Alimenticio (Our Future Food), 52 pp., printed, April 1964, Talleres de Artes Graficas de Faro de Vigo, S. A., Vigo, Spain, Contains speeches given at a festival, ''Three Weeks in Pontevedra," celebrated in Madrid in May 1963, "Pesqueros construidos en la region Levantina"’ (Fish- ing boats built on the east coast of Spain), by R. Diez Davo, article, Ingenieria Naval, vol. 30, no, 328, 1962, pp. 361-370, illus., printed in Spanish. Escuela Especial de Ingenieros Navales, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado de Correos 457, Madrid, Spain, "Plan de desarrollo economico para la pesca" (Planof economic development for fisheries), article, Boletin de Informacion, no, 65, February 1964, pp. 3-14, printed in Spanish, Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, Paseo del Prado, 18-20, ao planta, Madrid, Spain, Publicaciones Tecnicas de la Junta de Estudios de esca (Technical Publications of the Fishery Re- search Committee), Publication No. 3, 403 pp.,, illus., printed in Spanish, 1964, Direccion General de Pes- ca Maritima, Subsecretaria de la Marina Mercante, 126 Direccion General de Pesca Maritima, Madrid, Spain. Includes, among others, thesearticles: ''Experi- encias sobre 'selectividad' de artes de arrastre en el Golfo de Vizcaya, 20 al 30 de abril de 1963" (Ex- periments with the 'selectivity' of trawls in the Gulf of Vizcaya, April 20-30, 1963); ''Plan experimental de pesca de arrastre enla Provincia de Castellon" (Experimental plan for trawl fishing in the Province of Castellon); and ''Movimientos migratorios del atun, Thunnus thynnus (L.), deducidos por nuestras propias 'marcaciones' en aguas Espanolas" (Migra- tory movements of the tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., deduced from our tags in Spanish waters), by Julio~ Rodriguez-Roda, SPINY LOBSTER: "Spiny lobster industry in southern Africa," article, Nature, vol, 202, no, 4937, June 13, 1964, p. 1067, printed, single copy 4s.(about 55 U.S, cents).° St. Martin's Press, Inc,, 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010, Discusses the spiny lobster fishery and ex- port industry in the Republic of South Africa, South- West Africa, Mozambique, and Tristan da Cunha, In 1960, known lobster exports from Africa consisted of 10 million pounds of frozen tails, more than 800,000 pounds of canned meat, and about 2.25 mil- lion pounds of fresh or frozen whole lobsters. "Sponge as shelter for young spiny lobsters," by N. Alam Khandker, article, Transactions of the Ameri- can Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no. 2, 1964, p. 205, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave., NW., Washington, D. C, 20005, SPRAT: Synopsis of Biological Data on Sprat SPRATTUS ae Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas), by M,. Demir, FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 27, 41 pp., illus., processed, February 1963, distribution re- stricted. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. SQUID: "Biochemical studies on squid, 18--Glycogen inmus- cle, ,19--On the glucosamin content in the pen. 20-- On tHe cloudiness of the extracts obtained from squid muscle," by K. Kitabayashi and others, article, Sui- san-cho Hokkaido-ku Suisan Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokokn, vol, 26, March 1963, pp. 97-110, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. "On the red and yellow discoloration of squid," by Eiichi Tanikawa, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, June 11, 1962, 14676h, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. STARFISH: "Variations in time and intensity ofsetting of the star- fish, Asterias forbesi, in Long Island Sound during a twenty-five-year period," by Victor L. Loosanoff, article, The Biological Bulletin, vol. 126,no. 3, Feb- ruary to June 1964, pp. 423-439, illus., printed, sin- gle copy $3.75. Lancaster Press, Inc., Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa. ST, PIERRE AND MIQUELON: "A propos de la construction d'une nouvelle usine frigorifique a Saint Pierre-et-Miquelon" (The con- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 struction of a new freezing plant at St, Pierre and Miquelon), article, France Péche, no. 84, May 1964, pp. 135-137, 139-140, 160, 162, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F. (about 52 U.S. cents). France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. SUBMARINES FOR FISHERY RESEARCH: "The sea beneath us," article, Business Week, no, 1811, May 16, 1964, pp. 48, 50, 52, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 W. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10036. "Oceanographers come into their own, as Navy and industry look for new worlds to conquer, Some weird-looking vessels will be going down to the bottom this summer," states this article. Discusses the Navy's interest in developing new types of submarines; a new vessel, the Alvin, built for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; the Deepstar, built to do underwater research for a pri- vate corporation; and the Turtle, still in the planning stage. TAGGING> : "On the tagging experiments for fisheries research in Japan," by K, Kurogane, article, Nihon Suisan Gakkai- shi, vol. 29, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 482-496, printed in Japanese, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, TAIWAN: Fisheries of Taiwan, 1963, 33 pp., printed, 1963. Fish- eries Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan. TASMANIA: Report for the Year Ended June 30th, 1963, 9 pp., printed, 1963. Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania. TEXAS: Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, vol. 8, November 1962, 420 pp., illus., printed, single copy $4.15. Institute of Marine Science, The University of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas. This volume includes, among others, articles on: "Institute of Marine Sci- ence, staff and students for 1960/1961;"' "Fish pro- duction and biomass studies in relation to photosyn- thesis in the Laguna Madre of Texas,'' by Thomas R. Hellier, Jr.; ''Some aspects of osmotic and ionic reg- ulations in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and the ghost crab, Ocypode albicans,” by Saniee A. Gifford; "Osmotic and ionic concentrations in the mantis shrimp, Squilla empusa Say,'’ by Byung Don Lee and William N, Merantand: "Phosphorus content of some fishes and shrimp in the Gulf Coast of Mexi- co,'' by Kenneth T, Marvin and Larence M. Lansford; "A study of redfish, Sciaenops ocellata Linnaeus and black drum, Pogonias cromis Linnaeus,'' by Ernest G. Simmons and Joseph P, Breuer; "Shrimp landings and production of the State of Texas for the period 1956-1959, with a comparison with other Gulf States," by Gordon Gunter; 'Marine algae from the Gulf Coast of Texas and Mexico,'' by H. J. Humm and H. H, Hil- debrand; ''Fishes of Rio Tamesi and related coastal lagoons in east central Mexico, with notes on their distribution, ecology, and zoogeographic relations," by Rezneat M. Darnell; and ''Mollusks of Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico,'' by Winnie H. Rice and Louis S. Kornicker, Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, vol: 9, September 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. $4.15, Institute of Marine Science, The University of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas. This volume in- cludes, among others, these articles: "Institute of Marine Science, staff and students for 1962;"' "Heli- copter borne purse net for population sampling of shallow marine bays," by Robert S, Jones and others; "Seasonal change inthe number and the biomass of fishes from the surf at Mustang Island, Texas,'' by William N. McFarland; "Oxygen metabolism of four Oklahoma farm ponds," by B. J. Copeland and W.R. Whitworth; and “Experiments with engineering of marine ecosystems," by Howard T, Odum and others, THAILAND: Preliminary Bibliography of Fish and Fisheries of ailand (up to Bat t5Ci) by A. Soulier, Occasional Paper 63/8, 63 pp., printed, 1963, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand, cific Ocean," by James Joseph, article, Inter-Ameri- can Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 7, no. 4, 1963, pp. 1-36, printed, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif, "Phospholipids of tuna white muscle," by C. Yvonne Shuster, J. R. Froines, and H.S, Olcott, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 41, January 1964, pp. 36-41, printed. American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 E, Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Il, "Predicting green meat of tuna based on the relation between trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide, and myoglobin of tuna meat," by Tadajiro Nagaoka and Naotafsu Suzuki, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, September 16, 1963, 6905e, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St, NW., Washington, D. C, 20006. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol, 12, no, 5, 1964, 35 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English TILAPIA: "The effects of temperature, light and high frequency radio waves upon the embryonic development of Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker),'' by Sanford Herbert ernick, article, Biological Abstracts, vol, 42, no, 5, 1963, 18251, printed. Biclogical Abstracts, 3815 Wal- nut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. TRAWLERS: "Aprés les essais en peche du 'Sera!: le chalutage ar- riere est applicable a tous les bateaux quel que soit leur tonnage" (Since the attempts of the 'Sera', stern trawling is possible for all vessels, regardless of their tonnage), article, France Péche, no. 83, April 1964, pp. 31-36, illus., printed in French, single copy 2.50 F, (about 52 U.S, cents), France Péche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, table of contents, Et ve Balik Kurumu G,.M., Balik- cilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey, Con- tains, among others, these articles: ''The Sponge (Part IV);"" and "Basic researches on the develop- ment of fishery in Turkish waters, lakes, and dams (Part Iv)," Foreign Trade Regulations of Turkey, OBR 64-52, 8pp., arinten: May ioed, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D, C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D. C, 20402.) The report discusses trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import controls, the country's export con- trols, United States foreign trade controls, and Gov- ernment representation between the two countries. Development of Equipment for Trawlers, by J. J. Wa- terman, 7 pp., printed, 1963. (Reprinted from En- ineering, October 1963.) Torry Research Station, iverdcer, Scotland, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION: Ultraviolet Irradiation of Civculating Refrigerated Fish Storage Brines, by J. W. Boyd an . A, South- cott, Reprint No. , 7 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, no. 1, 1964, pp. 37-43.) jueen’s Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Irradiation of refrigerated brines with ul- traviolet radiation was effective in controlling bac- terial development in the brine during the poets , mortem storage of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) an sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The bacteri- ological and organoleptic quality of the fish was not improved by continuous or intermittent exposure of brines to ultraviolet radiation, Irradiation of highly contaminated turbid brines resulted in the killing of a large percentage of the initial bacterial population, Intermittent or continuous irradiation of brines pro- duced off-odors in the brine and in the stored fish. Discoloration developed in the irradiated brine and on exposed surfaces of the stored fish. "Freezing plant in distant water, side trawlers, The conversion of the Icelandic motor trawler Narfi," by M. B. F. Ranken, article, Modern Refrigeration, vol. 66, May 1963, pp. 445-448, 489- printes. Refrigera- tion Press Ltd., MacLaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England, TROUT: "Trout hatchery operation below a high dam," by P. G. Barnikol, article, U.S. Trout News, vol. 8, no, 6, March-April 1964, pp. 4-5, 16-17, illus., printed. U.S. Trout Farmers Association, 110 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 11, Utah. TUNA: "An examination of fluctuations in the 'concentration index' of purse-seiners and bait boats in the fishery for tropical tunas in the eastern Pacific, 1951-1961," by Thomas P, Calkins, article, Bulletin of the Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission, vol. 8, no. 5, 1963, 59 pp., printed in Spanish and English, Inter- ener Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, alif, UNITED KINGDOM: Fish Stock Record, 1962, 53 pp., illus., processed, 1963. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, St. Andrew's House, Edinburgh 1, Scotland. Discusses the English and Scottish demersal and "Fecundity of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the Eastern Pa- 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. pelagic fisheries. Presents a number of statistical tables showing fishing effort and cod catches from the North Sea in 1961/62; fishing effort and cod and haddock catches landed by British vessels from Faroes, 1961/62; herring fishery, catch per unit of effort; catch data for the sprat fishery; and other similar data. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1962, 51 pp., printed, 1963, 5s. od. (about 76 U.S. cents). Her Majes- ty's Stationery Office, 13a Castle St., Edinburgh 2, Scotland. Contains 27 statistical tables showing quantity and value of fish landed and processed, num- ber of vessels and fishermen, and creek returns. UNITED STATES FISHING INDUSTRY: "An antiquated and fragmented U.S. fishing industry faces many problems," by Harlan C. Lampe, arti- cle, Maritimes, vol. 8, no. 2, Spring 1964, pp. 1-3, illus., printed. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island;Kingston, R.I, ''Few countries in the world other than us can afford the luxury of a decliningfishing industry... . Insum, the fishing industry is a collection of people and firms, buying, selling and producing fish. The in- terest of the groups in this collection are not com- mon, and important economic forces tend to tear the industry into its component parts. Only in the area of market development and quality improvement does one find reasonable common cause. However, with- out cooperative effort among all groups in the indus- try, even this will only slowly be achieved," states the author, U.S.S.R. Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the Northwest At- ‘lantic, edited by Yu. Yu. Marti, OTS 63-11102, 377 pp., illus., processed, 1963, $3.75. (Translated from the Russian, Sovetskie Rybokhozyaistvennye Issle- dovaniya v_ Suyenoszanednal Chasti Atlanticheskogo Okeana.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. VIET-NAM: Marine Fisheries Statistics of Vietnam, 1962, com- ‘piled by Z. Tokagi and K. Torikai, 51 pp., illus., printed in Vietnamese and English. Division of Ag- riculture & Natural Resources, United States Opera- tions Mission to Vietnam, U.S. Embassy, Saigon, Vietnam. This booklet presents tables onfisheries of that country's 20 coastal provinces, based on data for 1960 plus results of subsequent on-the-spot sur- veys. Included are tables and graphs on number of fishermen's households and population by province; fishing boats by year, tonnage, and province; fish catch by year, province, and fishing method; and oth- er topics. Photos and maps add interest to this re- port, WALLEYED PIKE: "The movements of walleyes tagged as yearlings in Lake Erie," by David R. Wolfert, article, Transac- tions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 92, no. 4, 1963, pp. 414-420, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave., NW. Washington, D.C. 20005, WASHINGTON: Fisheries Research Papers, vol. 2, no, 3, March 1964, pp., illus., printed. Washington Department of Fisheries, Rm. 115, General Administration Bldg., Olympia, Wash. Contains, these articles: ''The dis- tribution, size, time and current preferences of sea- ward migrant chinook salmon in the Columbia and Snake Rivers,"’ by Edward M. Mains and John M. Smith; "The relationship of age to length in Puget Sound resident chinook salmon," by J.E. Lasater and Frank Haw; ''Maturation, gestation, and birth of rock- fish (Sebastodes) from Washington and adjacent wa- ters,” by Allan C. Delacy, Charles R. Hitz, and Robert L. Dryfoos; Notable migrations of sablefish tagged in Puget Sound," by Nicholas Pasquale; and "Growth and ring formation of Washington razor clams," by Herb C. Tegelberg. Washington State Shellfish, 15 pp., illus., printed, April 1964, Washington State Department of Fisheries, Rm. 115, General Administration Bldg., Olympia, Wash. Contains sections describing oysters, Pacific razor clams, hardshell clams, shrimp, Dungeness crabs, public beaches in Washington, and digging techniques for obtaining shellfish. Also included is a statement of regulations governing the digging of shellfish in the State. WATER RESOURCES: Is the Sea Inexhaustible?, by Percy Viosca, Jr., 7 pp., “printed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commis- sion, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. WEST AFRICA: Problemes et perspectives de l'organisation des economies de ae Maritime dans les etats de Afrique a eeidertale en 1962 (Problems and Obser- vations of the Economic Organization of Marine Fish- eries in West African Countries, 1962), by F. Dou- menge, 66 pp., illus., printed in French, 1963. (Re- printed from Bulletin de la Section de Geéographie, vol. 75, 1962, pp. 219-284.) Section de Géographie, Comité des Trayaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Ministére de 1'Education Nationale, Paris, France. WHALE-MEAT MEAL: "Whale meat meal," by G, Ahman, article, Vara Palsd- jur, vol. 33, 1962, pp. 97-98, printed in Swedish. verigas Palsdjur Suppfodares Rikssorbund, Pors- gaten 4, Stockholm, Sweden. WHALES: "A Review of Japanese whale marking in the North Pa- cific to the end of 1962, with some information on marking in the Antarctic,'' by Hideo Omura and Seiji Ohsumi, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Nor- wegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 3a no. 4, April 1964, pp. 90, 92-112, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. Reviews Japanese whale mak- ing in the North Pacific since 1949, and in the Antarc- tic during the 1955/56-1961/62 seasons. Includes several statistical tables showing number of whales marked, recovery of marks, and recapture of whales. WORLD PRODUCTION: "Marine fish production: A world-wide view," by C. P. Idyll, article, Proceedings of the International Con- gress of Zoology, vol. 16, no. 4, 1963, pp. 330-335, printed. Secretary, Permanent Committee of Inter- national Zoological Congresses, 105 Blvd. Raspail, Paris 6, France. oO ma BOT wip oe ihe wai! ‘ i 5 7 . 5 4 wry) na LVR a t Py, Pld , ‘| , » i i "4" 7 ; ye Neat Si a cc Ot it teas ORE: miautts OURS Ce a i eta y ‘ Sah eent ‘\ tad ee a ieee vy 0 ¢ SAVORY SALMON SALAD Canned salmon makes balancing the budg- et bearable and feeding the, family fun during summer months. For the busy homemaker, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Test Kitchen economists have developed several serving tips with an easy-to-do Savory Salm- on Salad. Generous portions of this salmon salad heaped oncrusty hard rolls or buns will fill the bill with eager eaters. Crisp garden- fresh vegetables also add eye appeal. Stuffed tomatoes take on new interest when cut horizontally and topped with Savory Salm- on Salad or cut vertically into a fan shape and filled with this protein-rich summer delight. Savory Salmon Salad 1 can (1 pound) salmon 1 cup chopped celery 2 hard-cooked eggs, chopped $ cup mayonnaise or salad dressing 2 tablespoons chopped onion 2 tablespoons chopped sweet pickle or drained pickle relish Lettuce Drain and flake salmon. Combine all ingredients ex- cept lettuce. Serve on lettuce. Serves 6. Right foreground, Salmon Pineapple Dip; center, Savory Salmon Salad on rolls or buns; left background, tomatoes topped with Savory Salmon Salad; upper left background, Salmona La King.| Bureau of Commercial Fisheries UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Take a Can of Salmon is the title of a colorful recipe booklet with imag- inative ways to serve salmon; offered free by the Canned Salmon Institute in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. For other inter- esting salmon recipes, write to the Institute for a copy of the booklet. Gee 3X Fishes COMMERCIALBEW IEMA FISHERIES ues € ces be VOL. 26, NO. 10 OCTOBER 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY ALL, A DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER a) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW & A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: The Canadian schooner Bluenose II (with her sails down) docked at Glouces- ter's State Fish Pier on July 2, 1964, for a 4-day visit. Bluenose IJ is a replica, only a year old, of Canada's famous racing schooner. Her predecessor, made famous in international fishermen's races years ago, is pictured on the Canadi- an dime. Bluenose II made her first United States port call in Gloucester incon- nection with the International Dory Races, and then sailed to Boston and on tothe World's Fair in New York City where she was ondisplay for 10 days. (See outside back cover of this issue for photograph of vessel with her sails up.) Page 1 . .Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part I, by Herbert A. Larkins 8 . .Weights and Measures Activities in the USDI Fishery Products Standard and Inspection Programs, by J. R. Brooker Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: 21 .. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Jami- 12... Foreign Fishing Activity off Alaska, July 1964 ary-June 1964 13... Bristol Bay Red Salmon Run Fails Caroline Islands: 13... Salmon Waste Utilization 21... U.S. Tuna Fishing Base in Palau Islands Planned 13 .. Filing of Fishery Disaster Loan Applications Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Ended September 30, 1964 22 .. Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Re- tinued search: Clams: 13... Exploratory Fishing for Shrimp and Scallops 23 .. Sanitation Quality Study in the Middle Atlantic Alaska Fisheries Investigations: Area 14 .. Pink Salmon Nursery Areas Discovered Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference: Department of Defense Purchases: 14 .. Meeting on October 11-14, 1964 earn. January-July 1964 California: 24) 5) January-June 1964 14 .. Growth Studies of English Sole in Monterey Great Lakes: Bay 25 .. Aid Under New Fisheries Law Given Great 15 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Lakes Area " 18 .. Survey of Shrinip Resources in Northern and 25 .. Commercial Fishery Landings, 1963 Central Coastal Waters Continued Gulf Fishery Investigations: 26 .. Shrimp Distribution Studies Contents continued page II. II Page COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.10 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production by Areas, July 1964 Production, May and June 1964 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, June 1964 U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-June 1964 Inventions: Float for Fishing Line Patented , Lobsters: New Tagging Method Aids Population Studies ” Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, July 1, 1964 Marketing: Edible Fishery Products, January-June 1964 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Blackback Flounder Studies Aided by Dis- covery of Distinctive Group on Georges Bank North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Hake Distribution Study Pelagic Trawl Development Program Oceanography: Gulf of Guinea Investigations by Research Vessel Geronimo New Oceanographic Research Vessels Launch- ed by U. S. Navy Oregon: Salmon Escapement Aided by Brief Industrial Plant Shutdown at Willamette Falls Oysters: Maryland Observations for 1964 Radiation Preservation: Packaging Requirements for Irradiated Prod- ucts Massachusetts Fishery Products Irradiator Near Completion Salmon: Marking Program on the Columbia River Reveals Migration Patterns North Pacific Migration Study off Western Aleutians School-Lunch Program: National School Lunch Week Shellfish: Fifth National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop to be Held North Pacific Industry Affected by Recent Disasters Maine Conducts [Research on Sanitation Reclamation Project in New York State *” Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, July 1964 Trout: Rainbow Trout Eggs from Australia Help Ex- pand Idaho Fish Farm Production United States Fisheries: Commercial Fisheries Landings, January- July 1964 Fish Sticks and Portions Production, April- June 1964 U. S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Processed Edible Fishery Products, June 1964 Page 41 42 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): U. S. Foreign Trade (Contd.): Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Janu- ary~April 1964 Wholesale Prices: \Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1964 FOREIGN: 4a". . 44 44 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 35 56 56 57 57 o @ us International: Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, January-May 1963-1964 World Production, April-May 1964 and Janu- ary-May 1964 World Trade, 1958-1963 International Association of Fish Meal Manu- facturers' Fifth Annual Conference Marine Oil: World Production, 1963 International Pacific Halibut Commission: North Pacific Halibut Fishing in Area 3A Ended August 19, 1964 Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization: Panel of Experts on Stability of Fishing Ves- sels Holds First Session in London, July 13-17, 1964 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Position Adopted on Fishing Industry Sub- sidies Fish Promotional Materials Planned United Nations: Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Enters into Force Whaling: Antarctic Whale Oil and Sperm Oil Produc- tion, 1962/63 and 1963/64 Season Aden: Fisheries Development Project Australia: Scallop Catch on New Grounds off Victoria New Scallop Bed Shows Promise Fishery Exports Increase New South Wales Plans Chain of Safe Fishing Ports Brazil: Whaling Operations off Brazil : Canada: Extended Fishing Limits do not Apply to Unit- ed States Fishing Vessels Chile: Fish Meal Industry Trends, Second Quarter 1964 Denmark: Fishery Products Exports, January-June 1964 Fisheries Trends, January-June 1964 and July-August 1964 (Preliminary) Freezership-Trawlers Built for Soviet Union Tests Indicate Artificial 'Seaweed'' May Help Protect Shoreline Fiji Islands: Joint Japanese-British Tuna Base in Fiji Is- lands Completed Ghana: Technical Fishery Service Agreement Made with Japan Contents continued page M1, October 1964 Page 57 58 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 66 66 66 67 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ill CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Greenland: Faroese Fishing Rights in Greenland Waters to be Renegotiated Guatemala: Shrimp Fishing Investment Opportunity Joint Japanese-Guatemalan Shrimp Opera- tions Iceland: Salmon Farm Investment Opportunity Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Janu- ary-March 1964 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- March 1964 India: : Joint Japanese-Indian Fishing Firm Concen- trates on Shrimp Italy: Japanese Frozen Tuna Sales to Italy Improv- ing Joint Japanese-Italian Tuna Venture Marine Oil Foreign Trade, 1962-1963 Ivory Coast: Plans for Fishery Development Japan: Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U. S.: January-July 1963-64 January-June 1963-64 Atlantic Tuna Exports, January-June 1964 Tuna Canners and Exporters Discuss Drop in Exports of Canned Tuna to U.S. Reductions Proposed for Canned Tuna Export Quota and Prices Slow Sales of Canned Tuna Studied by Japa- nese Packers and Exporters Canned-Tuna-in-Oil Export Prices to Cana- da, 1964 Albacore Tuna Catch in Atlantic Improving Japanese Government to Explore for Atlantic Tuna Atlantic Tuna Fishery Trends, 1957-1964 Tuna Mothership Fishing Trends in the South Pacific Good Tuna Landings at Cape Verde Base off West African Coast Tuna Research Council to be Formed Two New Tuna Purse Seiners on Trial Runs Japanese Tuna Mothership Crew Dismissed for Disturbance Aboard Japan Buys Salmon from Alaska Salmon Purchases from Alaska as of August 7, 1964 Alaskan Salmon Sale to Japan Completed Salmon, Crab, and Bottomfish Mothership Fisheries in North Pacific Find Poor Fish- ing Salmon Mothership Fishery for 1964 Closes with Catches Slightly Under Target North Pacific Mothership Salmon Prices Adjusted Experimental Northwest Atlantic Trawl Op- erations Atlantic Bottomfish Resources to be Surveyed by Japanese Fisheries Agency Japanese to Fish Swordfish in Northwest At- lantic Page 70 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 76 76 76 77 ut 78 79 80 80 80 81 81 82 82 82 83 FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): . Exports of Canned Saury, August 1963-June 1964 and Estimates for Following Business Year Fisheries Agency Budget for Fiscal Year 1965 Compensation Law for Loss of Fishing Gear and Catch Revised .. Fisheries Agency Studying Measures to Cope with OECD Recommendations Extension of Private Kelp Agreement with Japan Recognized by Soviets - Additional Foreign Currency Sought for South Korean Fishery Imports .. Ministerial Conference with Canada Convened in Tokyo Japanese Fisheries Agency Authorizes Pur- chase of Dutch Whaling Factoryship .. Trawler Sold to Greek Firm .. Experimental Suction-Pump Fishing Netherlands: . Whaling Factoryship Sold to Japan New Caledonia: .. Japanese Fishing Firm Withdraws from Tuna Base at Noumea New Zealand: .. South Coast Bluefin Tuna Explorations Trend to Small Stern Trawlers Norway: .. Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-May 25, 1964 Canned Fish Exports, January-March 1964 , : International Fisheries Fair at Trondheim Peru: . Exports of Principal Marine Products, Janu- ary-March 1963-64 Portugal: - Refrigeration Equipment to Modernize Fish- ing Industry Supplied by British South Africa Republic: Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery: Ry April 1964 March 1964 : : Exports of Fishery Products, 1963 Spain: 4 Fishery Trends at Vigo, April>June 1964 Surinam: .. Japanese Shrimp Fishing Operations U.S.S.R.: - New Deep-Water Trawling Gear Developed United Kingdom: . Danger to Fisheries from Oil Explorations in North Sea Discussed . Marine Oil Imports, 1962-1963 . New Freezer-Trawler Sails on Maiden Voyage Yugoslavia: .+ Tuna Market to be Surveyed by Japanese FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: ‘ Industrial Loan to Tuna Firm in Puerto Rico 3 Industrial Loan to Help Establish New Fish Meal and Oil Plant in Wisconsin . Technical Assistance Project to Study Pro- posed Deep-Water Port Facility at Rock- land Harbor, Maine - Clam Research Project in Maryland to be Continued Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): Federal Trade Commission: Small Business Administration: 83 .. Restraint of Trade by Crab Fishermen's 86 .. Loans to New England Commercial Fisheries Organization in Washington State Barred Firms in July 1964 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: 86 .. Eighty-Eighth Congress (Second Session) Food and Drug Administration: RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: 84 .. New Food Additive Regulation Concerning 90 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Packaging Materials for Foods Preserved 92 .. Miscellaneous Publications by Irradiation Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: 85 .. Regulations for Use of Fishery Resource . Disaster Funds Announced FISH SWIMMING SPEEDS Two University of California (at Los Angeles) scientists, using a magnetic 'speedometer"' attached to a fishing rod, measured the speed of a yellowfin tuna at about 45 miles per hour. A wahoo, a mackerel- like fish, swamupto 48miles perhour. Zoologists previously have been of the opinion that fish seldom ever swam faster than 27 m.p.h, (Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission Newsletter, July 1, 1964.) Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone BS Ee EM Ea ENS Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover--U, S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Exploratory Fish and Gear Research Base, State Fish Pier, Gloucester, Mass.; p. 26--D. Patlan, Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas; p. 29--Andrew L, Pinto; p. 33--MSTS Sealift Magazine; p. 38--J. J. Murray; p. 39 (fig. 2)--Fishery Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass., and (fig. 4)--Jack W. Schott, Calif. Dept, of Fish and Game; p. 53--E. R. Pariser; p. 56--Burmeister and Wain, Denmark; p. 67--Jim Kelly, The Seattle Times; p. 81--R. Haynes, Ross Group Limited, Grimsby, England; Outside back cover=-Maurice Crosby, Photography Ltd., Canada. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. COMMERRIA: PIGii® iL & REVIEW es fs i522 Fuesifzi. 2 2esiZL LIL RL = iL FF October 1964 Washington, D.C. Vol. 26, No. 10 COMPARISON OF SALMON CATCHES IN MONOFILAMENT AND MULTIFILAMENT GILL NETS-- Part Il By Herbert A. Larkins* ABSTRACT The second phase of a monofilament-multifilament gill-net study was completed by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries during the 1963 summer field season. Salmon catches in standard multifilament nets were compared with those in an all- monofilament net unit, Results of a 1962 study, in which multifilament nets were compared with altemate monofilament-multifilament nets, are also examined in an analysis of efficiency and cost of three gill-net combinations. Sockeye catches in all-monofilament nets were greater than in allemultifilament, but chum and pink catches were the same in both gear types, as were the lengths of all species. In terms of cost and efficiency, the alternated combination appeared su= perior for the capture of high=seas salmon followed by all-multifilament and all-mono- filament. CONTENTS Page Page AMENOUUCEIONINs (si (> = hells) sleiye! @leijel es sie » s) sie ss, s 1 Biscussion’ (. << = 0.0 « «) 0 2 6.0 0 0 © 8 sje »s\* = \e 6 MethadsranaNViAteriainme ete veltcl cole cc 6 oe a 6s a's 2 COMIC LINTON aie newaleliar al é/iaiis) alce 6 lekeielre)eleliaira 7 RESTS tas) cto mk MeAMe_Gtetve..o .@ Tal a: ete! otis, ©: .es mus 4 PtevatreCited Nellalciialie ns) ©) 6) as) e1.c «) eletietal ele) = ie 7 INTRODUCTION In the salmon research program in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, one facet of the work has been an investigation into more efficient sampling gear. Much of the Bureau's research, in support of the United States Sec- tion of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, has required relatively large numbers of salmon specimens for racial analysis and relative abundance and distribution studies. The capture of pelagic salmon on the high seas has been accomplished with surface gill nets. To provide adequate samples of each species and age group, the length of the net string has gradually been increased to over 13 = miles. Increasing the length of the string has re- sulted in an increase in manpower as wellas gear damage and loss from sudden changes in weath- er, whales, and shipping. In addition, inshore fishing stations in the Aleutian Island chain, an area of considerable interest, are difficult to sample with a long gill-net string because of its susceptibility to tangling in the severe tidal currents near the islands. The apparent success reported by the Japanese high-seas commercial salmon fishery with monofilament gill nets stimulated Bureau scientists to investigate the relative efficiency of monofilament netting and its potential as a research-sampling tool. In the first phase of the study, conducted during the 1962 summer field season (reported in the May 1963 Commercial Fisheries Review), the catches in standard multifilament nets were compared with with those in the monofilament nets of an experimental unit of alternate mono- ** Fishery Biologist (Research), U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash. 98102. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No.710 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 filament-multifilament nets of like mesh size and construction. The results of that phase in- dicated a significantly larger catch in the monofilament nets and, in general, provided samples directly comparable to those of the multifilament nets in terms of age and length of the fish (Larkins 1963), | The results of the second phase of f b the study, in which the standard multi- | filament nets were tested against an ex- perimental unit of all-monofilament nets, are reported here. This experi- ment, completed during the 1963 sum- mer cruise of the Bureau's research vessel George B. Kelez (fig. 1), was al- so designed to permit a three-way com- parison between all-multifilament, al- : = easy -s.- ternate multifilament-monofilament, and Fig. 1 - The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel! George 8. Kelez. all-monofilament net combinations. METHODS AND MATERIALS The multifilament nets, each 50 fathoms long and 4 fathoms deep, were made of type 330 nylon. The mesh sizes used were the same as in past years: 55, 45, 3, and 25 inches (stretched measure). The webbing, dyed dark green, was ‘hung in''’ 50 percent on the cork and lead lines. CONNECTS BASIC PORTION, USED IN ALL YEARS STANDARD DISTAL PORTION, USED 1957-62 24-4,4-5,4-3,4-2" TOTAL 36 NETS @ afalalafafalalalatafafa DISTAL PORTION, USED BY BERTHA ANN 1962 16-4; 4-5" 8-3), 4-2", 2-4"M, 2-3'M | Pie i eae TOTAL 36 NETS fa fats [3 IB [4 [al Ye ae CONTROL——! L——EXPERIMENTAL————— DISTAL PORTION, USED BY KELEZ 1963 14-4" 4-5", 6-3", 4-2", 2-4"M, 2-3°M i 41 3}3 TOTAL 32 NETS © lm to Lalit 4 141313 [4 L_ EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL—— ACTUAL MESH SIZES NET DIMENSIONS 4=4(|/2" 4M =41/2" MONO LENGTH - 50 FATHOMS 5 = 51/4" 3M= 31/4" MONO DEPTH - 4 FATHOMS eerie “HOLE"- 5 FATHOM SPACE BETWEEN NETS "RAG'— OLD DISCARDED NET Fig. 2 = Composition of high-seas salmon gill nets used by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from 1957 through 1963. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Table 1 - Comparison of Gross Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets, 1963 --3y-Inch Multifilament 3-Inch Monofilament Set Catch Per Net Catch Per Net Date |No. of| No. Total | No, of| No. | No. Total Num Sock- of (Number) Catch | Sock-| of of ee os Catch eye | Chur Pink ee eye |Chum|Pink ‘ q Seve. |Chum| Pink Per N Net 1 6 i 0.3 By 1.3 1 1 0 2 2 0.5 0.5 0 1.0 2 b) 6] 0.8 0.7 0 1.5 2 5 0 7 2 1.0 2,5 0 3.5 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 16 6] 1.0 1.7 0 2.7 5 it) 0 15 2 7.5 0 0 7.5 5 13) 6] 1.3 0.8 0 2.2 2 2 0 4 2 1.0 1.0 0 2.0 6 30 6] 1.8 3.2 0 5.0 4 0 1 15 2 2.0 5.0 ; 0.5 7.5 7 10 6 | 0.8 0.8 0 1.7 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 8 15 6| 2.3 0} 0.2 2.5 1 0 0 1 2 0.5 0 0 0.5 9 11 6] 1.0 0.8 0 1.8 1 1 0 2 2 0.5 0.5 0 1.0 10 52 6] 7.5 1.2 i} 8.7 2 0 18 2 8.0 1.0 0 9.0 85 6 [13.3 0.8 0 4.2 1 0 37 2] 18.0 0.5 0} 18.5 22 6] 3.5 0.2 0 3.7 0 0 8 2 4.0 it) 0 4.0 103 6 |15.7 1.5 0 17.2 1 0 42 2] 20.5 0.5 0} 21.0 113 6 | 18.2 0.5 | 0.2 18.8 0 0 65 2| 32.5 0 0} 32.5 432 6 |71.0 1.0 0 72.0 2 0| 237 2 (117.5 1.0 0 }118.5 6 .0 0.3 0 8.3 3 1 31 2) 13.5 1.5 | 0.5] 15.5 6 8 0.8 0 7.7 a4 0 35 2] 17.0 0.5 0] 17.5 6 att 0.8 0 1.5 3 0 3 2 0 1.5 0 1.5 6 8 0.7 tt) M 3 i} 40 2 8.5 5 0} 20,0 6 2 0.3 0 0} 103 2] 50.0 1.5 0} 51.5 No monofilament 23. | 8/11 | No monofilament 24 8/12 39 4 0 6.0 3.0 0 9.0 25 8/13 35 10 i} 5.5 1.5 0 7.0 8/14 11 3 0 1.0 | 2.0 0| 3.0 8/15 | Net string rolled 8/18 | No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament 22 10 0 0 41 22 0 0 26] 81 1 0 19 17 0 0 23 9 Ut) 0 Net string rolled 19 1 0 0 16 0 0 0 No monofilament No monofilament ee [4 $-Inch Monofilament z-Inch Monofilament 1 2 2 4 8 2 1.0 0 0 4, 4 6 2 2 1 5 2 1.0 0 5 2. 0 0 it} 0 0 0 2 0 it) 0 0.7 1 5 0 0 5 2 2.5 0 0 2. 1.9 3 9 3 3 15 2 4.5 5 5 Tis at wl 7 4 1} 32] 2) 3.5 .0 -5 | 16. 0.2 6 0 1 1 2 2 0 a) 5 3\F 1.4 BE 4 1 3 8 2 0 a} 5 4. 0.1 6 1 3 1 5| 2 5 5 5 2. 4.9 4 17 2 2].21 | 2 5 0 0 | 10. 22 1.6 6 41 aq 0; 4 R .0 0 r 14 0.6 -0 3 3 0 2 5 5 tt) 16 4.6 oh 9 2 0 2 5 0 0 3.0 1 20 3 0 2 0 5 0 27 5.2 9 37 3 2 2 5 5 /1.0 6.7 2.4 2 0 2 5 0 0 6.4 2.9 5 i) 2 -0 5 0 1.2 6.0 5 0 2 0 5 0 6.8 1.4 5 oO 2 -0 5 0) 5.8 4.8 0 2 0 0 0 No monofilament No monofilament 48 23 0 3.4 1.6 0 9 0 48 | 40 0 3.4 2.9 0 9 tt) 11 52 0 0.8 3.7 0 13 0 Net string rolled No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament No monofilament ll 38 0 0 31 72 2 0 15 64 0 0 4 54 0 0 31 42 0 0 Net string rolled 16 a lies 0 o 17 0 No er titacabet No monofilament oo eccoce ~ ~ Ooo BOnw 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 The experimental monofilament nets, dyed light grey, were constructed identically with the multifilament nets; only the 43- and 34-inch mesh sizes were used. The webbing, of Japa- nese manufacture, was very strain to the German Perlon used in 1962. The vessel's net string (fig. 2) was composed of a standard 24 net portion of all-multifila- ment webbing with varying mesh sizes, an experimental portion consisting of two 34- and two 44 -inch monofilament nets, and a control portion of two 3z- and two 43-inch multifilament ne All nets within each portion were laced together to form a continuous unit and a five- fathom opening was left between each portion so fish could not lead from one unit to another. An old, discarded net "rag'' was attached to the end of the string to prevent bunching of the last net. The 32 net string, equipped with two lighted flag poles and radio buoys, was set shortly after dark, allowed to drift freely through the night, and hauled after dawn. Setting took about 45 minutes, the nets fished for an average of 12 hours, and hauling time varied from 13 to 3 hours. The nets were repaired daily and replaced when necessary. Through the season, as the nets became worn, their efficiency was probably somewhat reduced, but the state of repair of the two types of webbing is believed to have been equal at any one time. Both the basic and control portions of the net strings in 1962 and 1963 were identical, ex- cept for the position of the control portion, and from the basis for comparison between the alternated monofilament-multifilament unit in 1962 and the all-monofilament unit in 1963. RESULTS The 1963 salmon catches by net type for the 37- and 43-inch nets are shown in table 1. Preliminary tests between the total salmon catch per net oF the multifilament nets in ans asic and control portions of the string over the entire season show no significant differencesl/, Therefore, all of the 3i- and 4t -inch multifilament nets have been used in the comparison with monofilament catches. In 73 percent of the 34-inch and 57 percent of the 43-inch comparisons, the total catch per unit of effort of the monofilament exceeded that of the multifilament nets; over the season, the 34-inch monofilament caught 1.5 and the 43-inch monofilament 1.3 times as many salmon per ae as the multifilament. In the comparison of individual species taken in the two net types, a very interesting dif- ference is apparent. While the relative efficiency of the monofilament nets (table 2) for sock- eye and pink salmon was considerably higher than that of the multifilament, the catch per net of chum salmon in the two net types was almost identical. Sree pack only the difference in catch of sockeye salmon between the two net types was Significant='. This difference in rela- tive efficiency of monofilament netting for three species indicates that the species composi- tion of catches in the monofilament and multifilament nets was also different. Table 2 - Catch Per Unit of Effort for All 34- and 454Inch Nets and Relative Efficiency of Monofilament, 1963 Catch Per Net (Number Relative Efficiency of Mesh Size Monofilament Monofilament (Number) Sockeye am | Fin | oear_|-sosnaye | cisas |] kk [tonal soeveven [cea Te Mea 1.4 8.96 12.2 1.4 13.65 1.6 1.52 1.9 5.43 4.6 1.7 6.95 1.4 1,28 1/Paired "t" tests: 3g-inch mesh nets: t = 1.04 with 29 d.f. 43-inch mesh nets: t= 0.48 with 29 d.f, 2/Paired "'t" tests: 34-inch mesh nets: sockeye, t = «2.3 with 29 d.f.; chum, t= -0.02 with 29 d.f. 4f-inch mesh nets: sockeye, t= -2.1 with 28 d.f.; chum, t= 0.8 with 28 d.f.; pink, t = -1.6 with 14d.f. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 The relationship between the individual sockeye catches in the two net types was linear3/, at least over the range of abundance encountered in 1963. Length frequency curves of sockeye and chum salmon taken in the two net types are similar (fig. 3) and their mean eee (table 3) are not significantly different4/ indicating that the monofilament and multifilament gill nets had the same intraspecies selection prop- erties. These results also infer that, length being a function of ocean-age (Larkins 1963), both net types captured similar proportions of the available ocean-age groups. Table 3 - Mean Lengths of Salmon Captured in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets, 1963 | Species | Mesh Size | Monofilament | Multifilament oo » » » « (Centimeters) ~ ... . 2 « 37.59 giao 49.40 1,531 CHUM SALMON 34-INCH MESH SOCKEYE SALMON LEGEND: 35-INCH MESH MONOFILAMENT MULTIFILAMENT LEGEND: MONOFILAMENT MULTIFILAMENT FREQUENCY FREQUENCY n ° i=) 43-INCH MESH 44-INCH MESH Dd So (2) \ ‘ ‘ ‘ ry ‘ \ ‘ nN . FREQUENCY FREQUENCY 40 LENGTH (cm.) LENGTH (cm.) Fig. 3 - Comparison of salmon length-frequencies from monofilament and multifilament gill nets. 3/3}-inch meshnets: r=0,97; test forb=0, t= 19.25 with 27 d.f. 43-inch mesh nets: r= 0.86; test forb=0, t = 58,52 with 27 d.f. 4/Sockeye: 34-inch mesh nets: F = <1.0 with 1, 2,886 d.f. Chum: 34-inch mesh nets: F= <1.0 with 1, 875 d.f. ps , z 44-inch mesh nets: F= <1.0 with 1, 1,798 d.f. 4$-inch mesh nets: F= <1.0 with 1, 1,374 d.f. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 DISCUSSION To summarize the preceding section, it was shown that the sockeye catches in an all- monofilament gill-net section were Significantly greater than in an all-multifilament string, although the catches of chum and pink salmon were, apparently, the same in both net types. The length and age compositions of monofilament catches were the same as those of multi- filament catches. Results of the 1962 study (Larkins 1963), in which alternate monofilament -multifilament nets were used, also showed no difference in age and length comparisons between the net types; however, the catches of all three species were considerably larger inthe monofilament nets than in the multifilament. It was also shown that the salmon catches in the multifilament nets adjacent to the monofilament were Significantly lower than in the other multifilament nets of the net string; however, additional analysis has indicated that the total catch per unit of al- ternate monofilament-multifilament nets was still much greater than in an equal section of all- multifilament netting (table 4). Table 4 = Salmon Catch Per Net in Alternate Monofilament=Multifilament and All=Multifilament Gill Nets, 1962 Catch Per Net (Number Relative Efficiency Sockeye Alternate Unit a Monofilament Multifilament Alternate Unit Multifilament of Alternate Unit Chum 19,41 4.72 12.07 6.44 1.87 5.22 1.28 3.25 1,21 2.69 Pink 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.05 1.80 3.62 1.36 1.02 Sockeye 10.45 7.04 4.60 1.53 Chum 3.22 2.29 1.36 1.68 Pink 1,92 1,47 0.74 1.99 15ST [GGT core 5.70 In the two phases of the experiment, three combinations of the two gear types were tried; all-multifilament in 1962 and 1963, alternated monofilament in 1962, and all-monofilament in 1963, By relating the catch per unit of effort of the two experimental types to that of the all- multifilament portion for each year, all three types of gear may be ranked by their relative efficiency. This proportional comparison is independent of changes in salmon abundance with- in or between years. Table 5 ~ Relative Efficiency and Relative Costof Multifilament, Monofilament, and Alternate Multifilament=Monofilament Gill Nets Multifilament | Alternate Nets Monofilament Symbol Species 4in i = AO ites (B)Relative cost! sy espa cnere cieacmnenciere (C)iRelativenlite2/ at iene iene nee (d) Relative cost/year (x/y) 2. 2 2202s. os (e) Relative cost year/fish Bee eee PoP dees O;anwo E COSOOCOl]Olwoo FOOrFOF|N (f) Relative length of string necessary to catch N fish (1/w) CuOP ONO! C8 ONO" Ge0-0. GrOwONO 1/Based on 55 percent higher initial cost for monofilament. 2/Based on 50 percent shorter life for monofilament, October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Table 5 (a) portrays the relative efficiency of the three gear units and it is apparent that, regardless of species or mesh size, the alternate monofilament-multifilament string had the highest catch per unit of effort, the all-monofilament moderate, and the all-multifilament the lowest. Our limited experience with monofilament netting has shown that the initial cost ofa finished net is about 55 percent greater than multifilament and, because of the difficulty in repairing monofilament webbing, its life is approximately 50 percent that of multifilament. By combining those factors (table 5 (b), (c)) with the relative efficiency of the three net types, an index of the cost per year per fish has been determined (table 5 (e)). The reciprocal of the relative efficiency (table 5 (f)) is a measure of the relative amount of gear necessary to capture an equivalent number of fish in the three types of gill-net strings. A comparison of the relative cost per year per fish with the length of a net string neces- sary to catch equivalent numbers of fish (table 5(e), (f)), allows a final determination of effi- ciency versus cost. Alternate multifilament-monofilament nets provided the same number of salmon as all-multifilament with about one-half (3}-inch mesh 0.5, 43-inch mesh 0.6) of the effort and at almost the same relative cost per fish (33-inch mesh 0.9, 43-inch mesh 1.1). Although the all-monofilament gear caught equal numbers of fish with only about three quar- ters (3z-inch mesh 0.7, 43-inch mesh 0.8) of the amount of gear, the relative cost per sample was over twice that of all-multifilament nets (3;-inch mesh 2.1, 43-inch mesh 2.5). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of both the 1962 and 1963 phases of this study, the use of monofila- ment gill nets, either alone or alternated with multifilament nets, provided salmon samples of identical length and age composition as multifilament nets of the same mesh size; however, different proportions of sockeye, chum and pink salmon were taken in the two net types. Monofilament nets captured more salmonthan multifilament, especially whenused as alter- nate monofilament-multifilament gear (alternated with multifilament nets). The relative ef- ficiency of the three gear types tested was highest for alternate monofilament-multifilament, moderate for all-monofilament, and lowest for all-multifilament. Because of the higher ini- tial cost and shorter life of the monofilament webbing, the cost per fish was highest for all- monofilament, moderate for all-multifilament, and lowest for alternate monofilament-multi- filament. Therefore, in terms of cost and numbers of salmon captured, the alternate combi- nation appears to have been the superior of the three tested for high-seas salmon fishing. LITERATURE CITED LARKINS, HERBERT A. 1963. Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no. 5 (May), pp. 1-11. (Sep. No. 675.) CORRECTION In the August 1964 issue, page 7, the heading should have read: ''CHANGES in Abundance of the Marine Worm, GLYCERA DIBRANCHIATA, Associated with Seawater Temperature Fluctu- ations. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACTIVITIES IN THE USDI FISHERY PRODUCTS STANDARDS AND INSPECTION PROGRAMS By J. R. Brooker* BACKGROUND The complexities of today's processing and distribution of food demand that there be some acceptable document between buyer and seller to facilitate orderly marketing. Standards are a yardstick to measure the quality of a product. They thus constitute the needed common measuring device upon which buyer and seller can base their contracts. Those standards are composed of two or more levels of product quality designated by grades, and are also composed of other related factors--such as class, style, or condition-- that may affect the economical use and the desirability of the product. Accordingly, national quality standards tend to improve the overall quality and uniformity of the products being standardized. The consumer thus gains by getting better quality, and the industry in turn gains by creating greater demand for its products. United States Standards for Grades of Quality for Fish and Fishery Products help to de- fine the level of quality for those food products. The standards are voluntary and reflect the desire of the fishing industry to improve its product quality. The Bureau of Commercial Fish- eriesof the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) has developed and promulgated U.S. Stand- ards for Grades for 14 fishery products in the past 6 years. Those standards were developed with the aid of the fishing industry. U.S. Standards for Grades of Fishery Products Developed and Promulgated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Frozen fried fish sticks . Raw headless shrimp Raw breaded shrimp . Raw breaded fish portions Fish blocks . Ocean perch fillets Haddock fillets . Fried scallops Halibut steaks . Fried fish portions Cod fillets . Breaded fish sticks Salmon steaks . Flounder andsole fillets ie 2. 3: 4. D. 6. Us The standards, of course, would have no value as acceptable documents between buyer and seller unless the grading of the products according to the standards were done by a neu- tral party. Since 1958 the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has therefore operated a Volun- tary Inspection Service for fishery products. This service has grown steadily. In 1963, for example, over 215 million pounds of fishery products were inspected and certified. That quantity of inspected products represents about one-third of all the domestically processed fishery products for human consumption, exclusive of canned fish. Proper labeling of packaged fishery products not only is required by law but also is es- sential in marketing them. As part of the inspection program, the USDI accordingly reviews labels for fishery products that are to bear the USDI shield. To show the role of weights and measures activities in the USDI Fishery Products Stand- ards and Voluntary Inspection programs, the following three main subjects must be consider- ed: *¥Chief, Fishery Products Inspection and Certification Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D.C. Note: A paper presented at the 49th National Conference on Weights and Measures, Washington, D.C. June 17, 1964. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 711 October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 1. Relation of weights and measures to the development of the Quality Standards. 2. Relation of weights and measures to the Voluntary Inspection Service. 3. Relation of weights and measures to label approval. RELATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TO QUALITY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT The Bureau's program of standards development goes beyond product standardization of such aspects as quality and wholesomeness because two additional important aspects arealso considered: (a) the packaged product with regard to size, volume, net weight, amount de- livered, or the number of units per measure, and (b) the amount of fish or shellfish ingredi- ents contained in certain fabricated or processed products. In our consideration of those two aspects, we encountered problems relating to glaze and breading. PROBLEM OF GLAZE: Four fishery products for which U.S. standards were developed presented a problem of ice glaze. Those products were halibut steaks, salmon steaks, sole and flounder fillets, and raw headless shrimp. In the usual market form, those products are protected by a surface glaze of ice in addi- tion to the packaging materials in which they are contained. To determine how much product is actually present, we had to develop and incorporate into the standards a specific procedure for determining the net weight. A slightly different procedure was required for each of the four products because of inherent differences. In the standard for frozen halibut steaks, the consideration of glaze is unique in that ex- cessive glaze is treated as a factor of quality. The maximum allowable amount of glaze to protect the product was established at 6 percent of the net weight. Beyond that percentage, it is considered to be excessive glaze, and the product is downgraded for quality. PROBLEM OF BREADING: Another fishery-products category that required special consideration was breaded and precooked products. That group includes breaded fish sticks, breaded shrimp, breaded fish portions, fried fish sticks, and fried fish portions. A problem of the "utility'’ of the packaged contents was encountered in developing those standards. This problem involved two factors: (1) loose breading, and (2) excessive breading. Loose Breading: During the processing of bread- ed and precooked products, any loosely adhering bread- ing is usually removed by passing the products over a vibrating large-mesh stainless-steel wire belt. When, however, samples of those products were obtained at the distribution level for evaluation during the early stages of developing the standards, substantial a- mounts of loose breading were, in some instances, found in the package. This indicated either that good commercial practices had not been exercised in the processing of the product by eliminating the loose breading, or that loose breading was being added to meet the net-weight requirements when the weight of the contents were slightly under the declared net , USDI Inspector debreading shrimp to determine the weight. percentage of shrimp material. This problem was resolved in the Standards for Breaded and Precooked Products by cat- egorizing large amounts of loose breading as a factor of quality. Those standards deduct points, depending upon the amount of loose breading remaining in the package. | The unit of measure used for determining excessive breading is the teaspoon. Less than 3 teaspoon of 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 loose breading is considered to be a ''small amount"'; and over 3 teaspoon is considered to be a "large amount." Excessive Breading: USDI Standards of Quality establish levels for the amount of fish meat required in breaded and precooked fishery products. The Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries believes that it has a responsibility to the consumer to see that he gets a proportionate - ly large amount of fish or shellfish ingredient in the breaded-type products. In establishing the level of fish or shellfish content for a given product, we take a num- ber of factors into consideration. The factors most frequently evaluated are flavor, appear- ance in both the raw and cooked states, tex- ture, and the industry's capability evidenced Amounts of Fish or Shellfish Required in Breaded Products by USDI Standards Relative Amount of Fish Breaded Product or Shellfish Required by what has been marketed in the past. Percent 7 When standards are developed for bread- ed products, a technique is also developed for determining the amount of the fish or shellfish ingredient that is present. This method, in- corporated into the standard, involves the re- moval of the breading and a determination of the percentage of fish or shellfish ingredient by weight. The levels of the principal ingredient established in USDI Standards are given in the table. Fish portions e » « « Fish sticks » . « « » Fried fish portions . » « Fried fish sticks . . . Fried scallops . 2... Shrimps 6 s)s 6 «+ + = RELATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TO VOLUNTARY INSPECTION SERVICE Continuous inspection of processing operations is the major type of inspection services performed by the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI). Under this type of service, the principal duties of the USDI inspector include (a) inspecting for plant sanitation, (b) examin- ing the raw material for quality, (c) checking the processing technique, (d) determining the quality of the end product, and (e) certifying the product. In the execution of all but the first of those duties, the USDI inspector is concerned with some aspect of weight or measurement. A review of the pertinent duties (b through e) will illustrate the degree of involvement of the inspector in weighing or measuring. EXAMINING THE RAW MATERIAL: If we visit the breaded shrimp industry for a spe- cific example of how the inspector examines incoming raw material, we find that the raw material usually comes to the plant in the form of 5-pound cartons of block-frozen raw head- less shrimp. When those shipments arrive at the processing plant and before a settlement is made, the firm is interested in the quality of the shrimp and whether or not each 5-pound carton will actually deliver 5 pounds. The USDI inspector samples the shipment, examines the product, and determines the net weights of the selected packages, using the official meth- od defined in the Quality Standard. The information he thus obtains is then provided to the firm and is used as a basis for a decision by the firm to accept or reject the shipment. CHECKING THE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE: During the processing of products such as fish sticks and fish portions, the inspector frequently conducts line checks of the weight of a Specific number of raw sticks or portions. This information is used as a guide to continuous product control in determining whether the amount of fish meat is adequate. To produce, for example, a 1-pound package of fish portions containing four 4-ounce pieces, the 4 unbreaded pieces of fish must weigh a minimum of 12 ounces in order for the final product to conform to the requirement of 75 percent of fishmeat. Frequent weighing of 4 random pieces pro- vides the information that the input weight of raw material is adequate and that the net weight will probably be adequate, since the batter and breading can be controlled very closely. DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF END PRODUCT: End-product examination for quality by the inspector includes a determination of the amount of the product in the package. Sam- ples for examination are drawn randomly during production in accordance with a sampling October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 plan so as to be representative of the lot. The net contents of each package is determined using the method defined in the U.S. Standard for the product being examined. The net con- tent of each package is reported on the inspector's work sheet along with the other pertinent information found during the examination. An average calculated from the net weight of the individual packages indicates whether or not the lot complies with the net weight declared on the label. CERTIFYING THE PRODUCT: In the certification procedure for fishery products, the pertinent information about the examined lot is recorded on an official inspection certificate. Those certificates of findings are admissible in all courts of the country as prima facie evi- dence. Two types of information about the contents of the packaged product are always given when fishery products are certified: (a) the net content as declared on the label, and (b) the determined average net content of the examined packages as observed by the inspector. When the net contents of one or more packages are found to deviate beyond the range of good com- mercial practice, such deviations are noted on the certificate for the benefit of the processor or buyer of the lot. RELATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TO LABLE APPROVAL Fishery product labels that are to bear inspection marks of the USDI must be reviewed and approved by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries prior to use. The primary reason for reviewing the labels is to ensure that whatever reference is made to USDI inspection--either through a grade shield, inspection shield, or statement of inspection--is accurate and in ac- cordance with USDI regulations. The second reason for reviewing the labels is to ensure that USDI inspection marks will not be affixed to a label that is in violation of the mandatory requirements of the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The presence of a statement of net contents is one of several items that we ensure is on the label. However, it should not be construed that the USDI is deter- mining that labels comply with the U.S. Food and Drug Act. Rather, it should be considered that this thorough label review is a service to the industry. Although the USDI review program includes verification that the label bears a quantity statement, guidelines as to the prominence and placement of the quantity statement on the label have not been developed. This is a regulatory matter and is beyond the Bureau's au- thority. We believe, however, that this question of prominence and placement should be na- tionally coordinated with the various industry groups having an interest in it and that a single set of guidelines or regulations should be developed and adopted at all levels of government that regulate this activity. In the past, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has cooperated fully with other govern- mental agencies and with industrial organizations where common interest exist. The Bureau plans to continue this policy of cooperation in the future. When difficulties or inconsistencies of any nature are encountered with fishery products, we suggest that the matter be brought to our attention. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior~a department of conservation-is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. Jt also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—-now and in the future. 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW . DEVELO PMENTS ! eS Alaska’ FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITY OFF ALASKA, JULY 1964: Soviet fishing activity decreased substan- tially in the waters off Alaska during July 1964. The same period in 1963 saw a gener- al reduction in Soviet fishing efforts on A- laskan fishing grounds. However, while only about 50 Soviet vessels were active in 1964, nearly 200 Soviet vessels were in the same area a year earlier. Japanese activity in the eastern Bering Sea was down to 4 factoryships and their catcher vessels. With the sale of Prince William Sound salmon to Japanese fishing companies, a number of vessels (including 5 stern trawlers) were diverted to that area to load fish. U.S.S.R.: The major Soviet fishery off Alaska in July was the trawl fleet operating alternately between Albatross and Portlock Banks near Kodiak. That fleet was harvest- ing primarily Pacific ocean perch, with vir- tually no incidental species taken. Fleet gradually decreased and in July consisted of about 50 vessels of all types. Fig. 1 - Soviet fishery transport vessel surrounded by factoryship and fishing vessels in the Bering Sea during early spring. Three Soviet whale factory vessels and their accompanying killer vessels continued to operate in the Alaska area during the ENDSS Vol. 26, No. 10 eS SSS month. Their operations were farther off- shore than in previous years and hence out- side United States patrol areas. Japan: Eastern Bering Sea fishing activi- ties by the Japanese were also reduced during July, as one of the remaining fish meal fac- toryships moved progressively northwest to- ward Siberia. The remaining fish meal and freezer vessel, with 28 trawlers, was last re- ported fishing in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands. The Japanese shrimp factoryship Hinin Maru, accompanied by 12 trawlers, continued operations north of the Pribilofs during July. Fig. 2 - Catch aboard a Japanese trawler operating in North Pa- cific and Bering Sea. Three Japanese whaling fleets were oper- ating from the vicinity of the Shumagin Islands westward along the Aleutian Chain during the month. Only two Japanese vessels continued to fish in the Gulf of Alaska during July. The Tenryu Maru andthe Kohoku Maru No. 2 were fishing for shrimp off Sitkalidak Island while the other vessels fishing in that area were diverted to Cordova to load salmon. October 1964 BRISTOL BAY RED SALMON RUN FAILS: The 1964 Bristol Bay red salmon fishery was officially labeled a disaster by the Alas- ka Department of Fish and Game. It was re- ported that the Naknek-Kvichak district had ‘absolutely failed.'' Preliminary data in- dicated that the Naknek segment was up to expectations and that the Kvichak River sys- tem accounted for the failure. All other ma- jor systems in the Bay produced reasonably close to the return forecast. The predicted run for Bristol Bay had been placed at 17.4 million reds. Prelimi- nary figures showed the run was slightly less than 11 million fish and was about equally divided between catch and escapement. The 1963 Bristol Bay catch of 2.5 million red salmon was the lowest ever previously recorded for that area, and was also declar- ed a complete failure. 1 OK OK OK OK SALMON WASTE UTILIZATION: Over the past few years increasing use has been made of salmon waste for food, pharmaceutical, and bait purposes. Salmon eggs were processed at several Alaska can- neries this year as redcaviar under Japanese technical supervision and for export to Ja- pan. For that product, eggs are removed after the fish are headed, then transported in open mesh baskets to the packing plant where they are salt-cured. The eggs are first wash- ed in salt water to remove most blood and slime. They are then placed ina saturated brine solution (containing mild-cure salt plus certain color additives) and agitated mechanically for 20 minutes. Egg skeinsare then sorted, trimmed, and graded for packing under very close Japanese supervision. A solid pack is made by layering individual skeins of eggs in polyethylene-lined wooden boxes with a modest sprinkling of salt be- tween layers. Apparently the salt at that stage is not measured. Each box holds 10 kilos (22 pounds). After packing, the boxes are cured at room temperature for about one week, again inspected, and then placed in storage at 40° F. for shipment to Japan. At some plants milts are separated at the Same time that eggs are removed from the salmon. Those are placed in 55-gallon drums and treated with 7 gallons of caustic soda solution (5 pounds per gallon) as a pre- servative and as a first step in their proc- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 essing. These are used in the production of certain pharmaceutical products. Significant amounts of salmon heads and tails are also set aside and sold for halibut bait in locations where the halibut fleet sells or takes on bait. The traditional preparation of salmon eggs for sport fishing bait continues to expand each year. While some Alaska canneries do not pre- pare any of those byproducts, it is estimated that ¢ to $ of the salmon waste in Alaska will be processed and sold this year. 2K Ok ok 3K FILING OF FISHERY DISASTER LOAN APPLICATIONS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1964: ~ The last date for the acceptance of applica- tions using the Alaskan disaster criteria for fishery loans from the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries was September 30, 1964. Those special loans were made at 3 percent interest toeligible applicants for the repair or replacement of commercial fishing vessels or fishing gear damaged or lost as a result of the March 27, 1964, Alaskan earthquake or tidal wave. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 8. (2 Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research EXPLORATORY FISHING FOR SHRIMP AND SCALLOPS: Exploratory fishing for shrimp was contin- ued by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries chartered exploratory vessel Paragon with coverage as of July 1964 extending from Kodiak Island west to Unimak Pass and in- cluding the Shumagin Islands. Catches of over 2,000 pounds in a half-hour trawl drag have been recorded. Both flat and semiballoon 40- foot Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawls were used. Pink shrimp accounted for about 80 to 85 per- cent of the catches with varying amounts of side-stripe and coon-stripe showing on occa- sion. Exploratory drags using an eight-foot scallop dredge were made in numerous bays and channels in the Shumagin Islands area. Only a few scattered scallops were located; the largest catch being 16 medium scallop in a half-hour tow in Pavlof Bay. The vessel 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Paragon was scheduled to move into the Ber- ing Sea and Bristol so during August and September. —— Alaska Fisheries Investigations PINK SALMON NURSERY AREAS DISCOVERED: The M/V Heron, accompanied by the 20- foot reconnaissance-catcher vessel Blue Boat, completed an 11-day cruise (July 7-17, 1964) through all major channels in northern South- east Alaska and West Sumner Strait. The eruise was the second of a series to trace seaward migrations of juvenile salmon as they move through summer nursery areas to the Gulf of Alaska. The cruise was highly successful as weather conditions were ideal and all gear worked perfectly. Four major summer nursery areas were discovered and all observed salmon populations were easily sampled by round haul seine from Blue Boat. Catches ranged from several hundred to many thousands per set. The success of this project in observing and capturing samples from major populations of migrating pink salmon represents an important breakthrough in Alaskan pink salmon research, and will lead to a much better understanding of mor- tality after leaving the stream. Major concentrations of juvenile pink, chum, and coho salmon were discovered in: (1) West Kuiu Island from Saginaw Bay to Gedney Harbor, with the population centered in Pillar Bay; (2) Central Chatham Strait from Takatz Harbor to east Peril Strait, centered in Kelp Bay; (3) West Icy Strait from Lisianski Inlet to Idaho Inlet, centered around Inian Islands; (4) West Summer Strait from south Kelp Strait to Louise Cove, centered around Port Beauclerc. Length-frequency measurements of pink and chum salmon from various locations showed that there are significant differences between size of fish from different areas. Those differences will be useful in later i- dentifying populations in catches by the M/V Commander, a Fisheries Research Institute Vol. 26, No. 10 vessel which was scheduled to begin sampling for juvenile salmon along the outside coast of Baranof Island about August 1. Icy Strait and central Chatham Strait juvenile pink salm- on were the smallest, ranging in body length from 79 to 88 millimeters (3.1-3.5 inches); West Kuiu Island pinks ranged from 91 to 106 millimeters (3.6-4.2 inches); and West Sum- ner Strait pinks were from 112 to 136 milli- meters (4.4-5.4 inches). DN Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference MEETING ON OCTOBER 11-14, 1964: The eighth annual Atlantic Fisheries Tech- nological Conference was held at Martha's Vineyard, Mass., on October 11-14, 1964. The meeting was attended by United States and Canadian fishery scientists from industry, research institutes, universities, and Govern- ment agencies. More than 50 papers were offered; topics included sanitation problems in fisheries, preservation techniques, research programs and applications, quality measurements, and economics. California GROWTH STUDIES OF ENGLISH SOLE IN MONTEREY BAY: M/V Nautilus Cruises 64-N-la (February 4-7, 1964), 64-N-lb (April 7-10), 64-N-lc (June g= 12)F To collect adult and juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus) in Monterey Bay in the vicinity of Moss Landing for use in a growth analysis study was the objective of these cruises by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. A 13-inch mesh Gulf of Mexico shrimp otter trawl with a 1-inch mesh cod-end was used. Trawling was conducted on both sides of the Monterey Canyon in depths of 3 to 50 fathoms with each tow lasting about 20 minutes. A total of 34 tows was made during the three cruises. Of the fish taken, the sex of 593 English sole was determined and they were also measured. These fish ranged from October 1964 Santa Cruz Monterey Bay \ E 7, fe S ; = - Areas of trawling. => > > x - Trawling stations. Shows trawling areas of Nautilus Cruise 64-N-laeb-c. 96 to 456 millimeters in length (about 3.8 to 18.0 inches). An interopercle bone was taken from two fish of each sex in each centimeter group to be used for age determinations. A sex determination was also made on samples of petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) and Dover sole (Microstomus ae during these cruises, together with their measurements. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1964 p. 12. KOK OK KX PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska™ Cruise 64-A-3-Pelagic Fish (May 4-24, 1964): This cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game re- search vessel Alaska was conducted in the coastal waters of northern and central Cali- fornia between Crescent City and Monterey, and in the vicinity of Avila. The main ob- jectives of the cruise were to: 1. Survey the pelagic environment in the northern parts of the present northern an- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Crescent City anhkhr ® hk hr al® > e) Trinidad Head @ ) Fort Bragg Point Arena Legend: t=) - Trawl station. hr - Herring. hk - Hake. sal - Salmon. an - Anchovy. rf - Rockfish. sal Point Reyes Fig. 1 «Fishing area of Alaska during Cruise 64-A-3-Pelagic Fish. chovy (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) ranges. 2. Assess the density, age, and size com- position of the anchovy population in Monterey Bay. 3. Collect anchovies for subpopulation studies. 4. Collect juvenile salmon for the Ocean Salmon Project. Sampling was accomplished with a large midwater trawl fished from the surface toa depth of 20 fathoms, with each tow lasting from 20 to 40 minutes. The effectiveness of the survey was substantially reduced by the large concentrations of jellyfish (Chrysaora gilbert) which clogged the net, and by the weather which permitted trawling only during daylight hours. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Legend: i=) - Trawl station. hr - Herring. hk - Hake. sal - Salmon. Rin = r4 Drakes Bay an - Anchovy. 3 aa . ; rf - Rockfish. a sal @ ag 3 hk 2e e rf San Francisco rf @ 1 4 hr rig © Monterey Bay Monterey Cape San Martin Avila rf an © Point Arguello Fig. 2 - Fishing area of Alaska during Crise 64-A-3-Pelagic Fish. A total of 45 tows was completed between Crescent City and Monterey and 3 off Avila. The species commonly appearing in the catch with the number of trawls in which they oc- curred were: Pacific herring (Clupea pal- lasi) 14 fish, Pacific hake (Merluccius pro- ductus) 9, jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californi- ensis) 9, juvenile king samon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) 8, northern anchovy 8, starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) 7, juvenile rockfish (Sebastodes sp.) 7, juvenile lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) 6, and surf smelt (Hy- pomesus pretiosus) 5. Other species occur- ring less frequently included stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), northern midship- man (Porichthys notatus), sand lance (Am- modytes hexapterus), wolf-eel (Anarrhich- thys ocellatus), medusafish (Icichthys lock- ingtoni), cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmora- tus), whitebait smelt (Allosmerus elongatus), night smelt (Spirinchus starksi), and steel- head trout (Salmo gairdneri). Vol. 26, No. 10 Pacific herring were caught in the greatest number and occurred most frequently in the catches. They were present in 29 percent of the trawls in numbers ranging from 1 to 15,000. The best catches were made within 2 miles of shore in very turbid water. The areas off the mouth of San Francisco Bay and along the inner part of Monterey Bay were the most productive. Sizes ranged from 37 to 230 millimeters (1.5 to 9.1 inches) standard length with most fish between 55 and 160 mil- limeters (2.2 to 6.3 inches). The largest catch, however, was comprised of small ju- veniles 37 to 70 millimeters (1.5 to 2.8 inches). An adequate survey of the anchovy popula- tion was not possible during this cruise be- cause of the necessity of trawling only during daylight hours. Previous experience has in- dicated that trawling at night is much more effective in sampling anchovies. Small a- mounts of juvenile anchovies were caught in 3 trawls between Crescent City and Eureka, while adults were caught in 3 trawls near San Francisco, 1 trawl in Monterey Bay, and 1 trawl near Avila. The adults were very large ranging from 135 to 163 millimeters (5.3 to 6.4 inches) long. Samples of the Monterey Bay catch were collected for blood genetic and electrophoretic studies. Hake catches were spread over most of the survey area. Numbers were quite low, how- ever, with over half of the catches amounting to a Single fish; the best catch was 42 fish. Juvenile king salmon were taken off Cape Mendocino, Trinidad Head, and San Francisco. They ranged from 76 to 485 millimeters (3.0 to 19.1 inches) long, with up to 24 fish ina Single trawl. Juvenile rockfish of several species were taken in quantity in 2 trawls, with catches of 500 and 4,700 fish, 43-65 mil- limeters (1.7 to 2.6 inches) long. Large concentrations of jellyfish were present inshore from Drakes Bay to Monterey Bay. They seriously hampered trawl opera- tions by clogging the net, causing heavy dam- age to the net and doors. Squid were caught in 7 trawls, with catches of up to 5,600 of them taken in Monterey Bay. x kK KX Airplane Spotting Flight 64-8-Pelagic Fish (May 4-6, 1964): To determine the inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the inshore area from Point Reyes, Marin County, to the United States-Mexican October 1964 Border was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fish and Game's Cessna ''182'' 9042T. On May 4, the area from Point Reyes to Morro Bay was scouted but water and air visibility were fair to poor. A heavy, brown phytoplankton bloom, in the waters north of Pigeon Point, severely restricted water visi- bility. In the Monterey Bay area and south, the water was clear but low broken clouds hampered visibility. A total of 8 northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) schools were sighted near the harbor entrance at Half Moon Bay. A Pacific pilot whale (Globice- phala scammoni) and 2 unidentified fish schools were seen near Point Sur. At Mon- terey 3 purse seiners were setting on a large school of squid (Loligo opalescens) several hundred yards off Cannery Row. On May 5, the area from Half Moon Bay to Santa Monica was scouted. The sky was over- cast and a strong northwest wind was blow- ing. Water visibility was poor. One uniden- tified fish school was seen in Monterey Bay actively being worked on by sea birds. On the last day of the survey the area from from Jalama Park to the United States -Mexi- can Border was scouted. Rain squalls were encountered near Jalama Park and the Bor- der. Red tide was noted from Redondo Beach to La Jolla--the first big concentration this year. Five anchovy schools were seen in Fish Harbor, a part of the Los Angeles - Long Beach Harbor. Airplane Spotting Flight 64-10-Pelagic Fish (May 18-21, 1964): To determine the inshore and offshore distribution and abun- dance of pelagic fish schools, the waters off southern California and Baja California were surveyed from the air by the California De- partment of Fish and Game's Beechcraft N5614D. The survey covered the offshore waters of southern California in the San Pedro Channel; the inshore waters from Long Beach, Calif., to Boca Flor de Malva, Baja Cali- fornia; and the waters of the Gulf of Califor- nia from Coyote Point, La Paz Bay to Con- ception Bay. This flight by the Beechcraft N5614D was the second of four experimental flights plan- ned for this year along the Baja California coastline. The flights have been scheduled on a quarterly basis. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wy Legend A = Anchovy school. ~ Sardine school - Porpoise school ~ Pelagic red crab school, ~ Unidentified school ~ Black skipjack school Long Beach Gulf of California San Carlos An, 6A @ w 1 Pt. Eugenio ¢'Scammong Lagoon San Pablo PO 205 8 is =~ Ballenas Bay 7 3P Palos Verdes Pent | San i Gregorio Bay XL San Pedro Channel i Santa Sa Island | Pelagic fish survey Flight 64-10, May 18-21, 1964, SR | Boco Flor de Malva The area from San Pedro Channel and San- ta Monica Bay was surveyed on May 18. On that day the offshore waters of southern Cali- fornia were covered by fog except for the San Pedro Channel and Santa Monica Bay. School groups of northern anchovies (Engraulis mor- dax) and two Pacific sardine (Sardinops cae- ruleus) schools were sighted in Santa Monica Bay and off the Palos Verdes Peninsula. They were the first sardines seen by air spotters in that area since February 1962. On May 19, the area from Long Beach to Ballenas Bay, Baja California, was surveyed. A low, dense fog prevailed over most of the coastline from Long Beach to Punta Eugenio but south of Punta Eugenio visibility was ex- cellent. A total of 20 sardine schools were sighted near San Pablo Point and 7 anchovy schools were seen in Ballenas Bay. Punta San Juanico to Boca Flor de Malva, Coyote Point, La Paz Bay to Conception Bay, Gulf of California, were scouted on May 20. Intermittent fog was encountered from Punta San Juanico to Cabo San Lazaro. Visibility was good at Magdalena Bay and throughout the area flown in the Gulf of California. Anchovy schools were seen in San Gregorio Bay and outside Magdalena Bay. A large school of pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes), covering an estimated five acres, was Sighted in Magdalena Bay. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Many unidentified clupeoid schools were seen in the Gulf of California, and more than 1,000 schools inConception Bay alone were seen that day. Those fish may have been round herring (Etrumeus sp.), thread herring (Opisthonema sp.), or flatiron herring (Har- engula sp. ). AL of those species were found in quantities by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska dur- ing a cruise in April. Also sighted were one black skipjack (Euthynnus lineatus) and two unidentified porpoise schools. On the last day of the survey the area from Scammons Lagoon to Long Beach was scouted. Fog persisted over the inshore wa- ters from the lagoon to the United States- Mexican Border except at San Carlos anchor- age where 6 anchovy schools were counted. The air was hazy north of the border to Long Beach. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 11. se sk ok ose oe ES ood oo Bs SURVEY OF SHRIMP RESOURCES IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL COASTAL WATERS CONTINUED: M/V "N.B. Scofield” Cruise 63-S-2- Shrimp (March 29-May 1, 1964): The objec- tives of this cruise by the California Depart- ment of Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield were to: Sra 1. Locate concentrations of pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) in Areas A, B-1, B-2, and C for population estimates. 2. Determine sizes, sex ratios, and weight of shrimp in each area. 3. Determine escapement of commercial size shrimp through 1z-inch mesh cod-end of net. 4. Make bathythermograph and Nansen bottle casts for bottom temperatures and salinity samples in shrimp areas. 5. Identify, count, and weigh incidentally- caught fish species. 6. Collect specimens of cephalopods for special study. A total of 139 tows were made in the com- bined survey areas in the coastal waters from Cape Ferrelo, Oreg., to Pt. Sal, Santa Barbara County, Calif. A 41-foot headrope Vol. 26, No. 10 O - Survey area. W/} - 40-176 lbs. /hr. & - 180-480 lbs. /hr. - George Fig. 1 -M/V N. B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-2, Area A, Gulf of Mexico otter trawl having 13-inch stretch mesh in the cod-end was used. Of'the 59 tows made in Area A, 39 were made with a $-inch stretched mesh liner on the cod-end to catch shrimp escaping from the main net. Preliminary analysis of data showed that few commercial size shrimp were lost. AREA A: Between Cape Ferrelo, Oreg., and Trinidad Head, Calif. (fig. 1), atotal of 59 tows of 15 minutes duration each was made in depths of 40 to94fathoms. Shrimp were caught at an ay- erage rate of 73 pounds an hour, ranging from none to 480 pounds an hour. The population of Area A is estimated to contain 530,000 to 750,000 pounds. Shrimp sizes (heads-on) ranged from 55 to 169 apound with an average of 125. The year-class composition was: Percentage by Group Weight 1 (1963) 24 11 (1962) 75 111 (1963) bes October 1964 Scale 5 Miles Legend: —? - Location of drags. Fig. 2- M/V N.B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-2, Area B-1. Only 9 percent of the female shrimp exam- inedwere gravid. The incidental fish catchwas light, consisting mostly of eulachon(Thaleich- thys pacificus), slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis), and rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus). Bot- tom water samples were obtained at 11 sta- tions for salinity determinations. A total of 29 bathythermograph(BT) casts were made. Bot- tom temperatures ranged from 7.2° to 8.59 C. (45.0° to 47.3° F.); surface temperatures from 8.8° to 10.5° C. (47.8° to 50.99 F.). An evaluation of the 1964 Area A fishery, made in the fall of 1963 (N. B. Scofield Cruise 63-S-6 and Ocean Shrimp Report for the 1963 season) was accurate. The evaluation fore- cast a poor season due to weak 1962 and1963 year-classes. The heavy 1962 landings caused an extreme reduction in the spawning stock. This, it is believed, accounts for the small 1963 year-class. AREA B-1: A total of 25 tows made from Big Flat to Westport (fig. 2) in 43 to 82 fath- oms did not take shrimp in commercial quan- tities. The best tow yielded 100 pounds an COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 hour. The shrimp ranged from 70 to 110 to the pound and averaged 81 shrimp. Only 1 tow yielded more than 1 pound of shrimp. Surface temperatures ranged from 7.8° to 9.0° C. (46.0° to 48.2° F.) and bottom temperatures ranged from 6.9° to 7.89 C. (44.4° to 46.0°F.). Thirteen BT casts were made and 10 water samples were obtained. Fish catches were light with rex sole, sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus), and slender sole dominant. AREA B-2: Shrimp were not found incom- mercial quantities in Area B-2. A total of 46 tows lasting 15-minutes each from Stewarts Point to Bodega Head (fig. 3) in 26 to 72 fath- oms failed to locate shrimp in quantity. The best two tows yielded 25 pounds in 15 minutes in the depth range of 44 to 47 fathoms off Duncan's Landing The year-class composition was: Age Percentage by Percentage by Group No. Weight 1 (1963) 26 15 11 (1962) 74 85 Scale =<> - Best tows. tewartes Pt. Horseshoe Ducan's Fig. 3 - M/V N. B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-2, Area B-2. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Scale 5 Miles . t. Buchon Legend: —> ~ Location of drags. Fig. 4 - N.B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-2, Area C. None of the female shrimp examined was gravid. Fish catches were light with rex sole, sanddab, slender sole, and hake (Mer- luccius productus) taken at most stations. A total of 25 (BT) casts were made; sur- face temperatures ranged from 8.8° to 10.3° C. (47.8° to 50.6° F.) and bottom tempera- tures from 7.5° to 8.5° C. (45.5° to 47.39 F.). Water samples for salinity determinations were collected at 14 stations. AREA C: A total of 9 tows was made in this area (fig. 4). Four BT casts were made and 2 water samples were taken. Only 42 shrimp were caught, but a large part of the shrimp-habitable grounds was unexplored because rough seas cut down activities. Some squid and octopus taken on this cruise were delivered to the California De- partment of Fish and Game Laboratory at Terminal Island. Skates (Raja sp.) were col- Vol. 26, No. 10 lected during this cruise for the Los Angeles County Museum. Note: See Commercial] Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 14; December 1963 p. 21. Ok Ok ok OK M/V "Joseph Alioto'' Cruise 64-C-1- Shrimp (July 1-3, 1964): The objectives of this cruise by the California Department Fish and Game chartered research vessel Joseph Alioto in the coastal waters off northern Cal- ifornia from Rocky Point to Crescent City were to: (1) Locate concentrations of pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) for population estimates and determining natural mortality rates. (2) Determine sex ratio and year-class composition of shrimp. (3) Count and weigh incidentally-caught fish. AREA A: A total of 22 3)-minute tows and one 120-minute tow was made with a commer- Legend: @) - Survey area A, 300-1,200 pounds per hour. & - Commercial fishery Area A. S) - Shrimp traces, Klamath Rive fa) Redding RK Big Lagoon Fishing area of Joseph Alioto during Cruise 64-C-1, July 1-3, 1964, October 1964 cial Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl with a head- rope 80 feet long, and 13-inch mesh in the cod-end. The estimated width of the opening of the net when fishing was 45 feet. The tows were made in the same locations as the tows made by the vessel N. B. Scofield during Cruise 63-S-2 (March 29-May I, 1964), with the exception that no tows were made in the area being fished by the commercial shrimp fleet. To estimate the shrimp population in the commercial fishing area, 32 tows made by the commercial fleet were used. All tows were in the 49-to90-fathom depth range. The total area of the shrimp bed is estimated to cover 50.2 square miles, and to containa little more than 2.2 million pounds of shrimp. Some 450,000 pounds had already been har- vested by California commercial fishing ves - sels since the season opened on May 1, 1964. About 100,000 pounds were taken by vessels operating out of Brookings, Oreg. 45.3 52.0 2.7 The year-class composition was: Shrimp sizes ranged from 70 to 128 to the pound heads-on. Hake (Merluccius productus) and rockfish (Sebastodes sp.) dom- inated the fish catch. Stomachs of the hake were full of young-of-the-year shrimp. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-June 1964 The amount of steel and aluminum con- sumed to make cans shipped to fish and shell- fish canning plants during January-June 1964 was down 6.4 percent from that used during the same period in 1963. The decline was due partially to a drop in the canning of jack mackerel and Maine sardines. Receiving COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 In January-June 1964, shipments to the Pacific or Western Area accounted for 69.2 percent of total shipments; shipments to the Eastern Area accounted for 26.8 per- cent; and shipments to the Southern Area accounted for most of the remaining 4.0 percent. Most of the fish-canning facilities are located in the Pacific Area. Notes: (1) Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 23.5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1964 p. 14; July 1964 p. 9. i Caroline Islands U.S. TUNA FISHING BASE IN PALAU ISLANDS PLANNED: A United States west coast tuna-canning firm, which plans a tuna fishing and freezing base at Koror, Palau Islands, chartered the M/S Jaglaxmi (17,000-ton freighter) to deliver 610 tons of machinery and supplies to the base this past spring. The equipment arrived in April 1964. PALGIR EUG Ol GIET AGN: Second Quarter January -June U.S. Domestic Shipments of Metal Cans for Fishery Products, January-June 1963 and 1964 (Base Boxes of Metal Consumed in the Manufacture of Cans for Fishery Products) pS Eee 187,707 24,761 492 371,738 59, 207 34 Total all areas. « « 572, 907 558, 588 776, 587 383, 502 1, 349, 494 1/Includes Puerto Rico. 2/Includes Alaska and Hawaii. 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The firm's construction engineer arrived in Palau at about the same time to build a 1,500-ton cold-storage and freezer facility, ice-making machines, water-storage tanks, and offices for the new plant which was ex- pected to be operating by July 1964. Six 25-ton tuna vessels were to begin op- erating from Koror's main port with 72 Okinawans and 48 Palauans as crew and fish- ermen. Under the provisions of the contract signed by Trust Territory officials and the United States firm, Palauans or other Micronesians will be trained as tuna fishermen. Eventual- ly, all of the vessels are to be manned by Micronesians. The Palau Islands are part of the Caroline Islands group in the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific. (Pa- cific Islands Monthly, May 1964.) a - Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “Townsend Cromwell” Cruise 5(June 15-July 5, 1964): To determine the rate of change in the distribution of properties in the trade wind zone of the central North Pa- cific was the objective of this cruise by the U.S..-Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search vessel Townsend Cromwell. The cruise was the fifth in a Series of oceano- graphic cruises designed to investigate the relationship between wind and ocean cur- rents. The area of operations in the central North Pacific was bounded by latitudes 10° N., 27° N., and longitudes 148° W., 158° W. During this cruise, a total of 43 oceanograph- ic stations were occupied along the cruise track (chart), Temperatures and samples for salinity analysis were obtained at 20 depths to 1,500 meters at each station. Bathythermograms (BT's) were obtained at 30-mile intervals along the cruise track. Between stations 19 and 21, 26 and 28, 35 and 37, BT casts were made at 10-mile in- tervals. At 24°00! N., 147954! W., between stations 35 and 36, subsurface current measurements with a current meter were attempted while Vol. 26, No. 10 Legend: © - Hydrographic station. @ - BT station. @ - Plankton station. © - Number of feeding bird flocks sighted. Track chart of the research vessel Townsend Cromwell Cruise 5 (June 15-July 5, 1964), showing depth contours of the 20° C. isotherm in meters. drifting relative to a parachute drogue set at 1,200 meters. But after only one low- ering, the meter became inoperative and the station was abandoned. During the cruise, a total of 10 plastic- enclosed drift cards were released at 30-mile intervals along the entire cruise track and at 1-hour intervals during the first and last 12 hours of the cruise. Radiation from sun and sky was measured and recorded daily with a pyrheliometer. Colored photographs of cloud formations were made daily. A standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was maintained by vessel personnel during daylight hours. In addition, observers aboard the vessel from the Smithsonian In- stitution maintained their own watch forbirds. October 1964 In addition to the cruise track, the chart shows the current pattern within the survey region as inferred from the uncorrected field plots of the distribution of the depth of the 20° C. isotherm. The flow pattern is similar to that obtained from the Townsend Crom- well's cruise 4 (May 14-June 5, 1964); how- ever, between stations 12 and 13 the counter- clockwise eddy noted during cruise 4 was re- placed by a large clockwise eddy. To the east of this feature counterclockwise flow exists, suggesting that those eddies are mov- ing through the region, which would explain the reversal of flow between stations 12 and ibsip A total of 26 unidentified fish schools and 5 skipjack tuna schools were sighted during the cruise. No apparent relation was found between the occurrence of fish schools and the features of the circulation patternshown on the track chart. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 15; August 1964 p. 17. Clams SANITATION QUALITY STUDY IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC AREA: A joint study by New York, New Jersey, and the U.S. Public Health Service to inves- tigate the effect of harvesting, processing, Cents/Pound Shrimp: raw headless, . . «eee peeled and deveined breaded, .. cvcevcec molded and breaded... 88, 900 103, 568 84,1 107.2 Gisters: asteMn. 2 2 o « BACITIC s..0. sy ss Total oysters . ORC oNoEe Fillets: Odie je ‘a © \hajis Flounder and sole Haddock. < . s Ocean perch... Steaks: Halibut... i/Breakdown not available. 2/ Revised. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 and marketing upon the bacteriological quality of the surf clam was started on July 13, 1964. At that time, personnel from the U.S. Public Health Service Northeast Shellfish Sanitation Research Center, Narragansett, R.I., boarded a clam dredging vessel at Point Pleasant, N.J., for a week to observe harvesting prac- tices and to establish a working routine for standardized field procedures. oe ee Ne Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES: January-July 1964: FRESH AND FROZEN: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of Defense, less fresh and frozen fishery products were purchased by the De- fense Subsistence Supply Centers in July 1964 than in the previous month. The decline was 19.7 percent in quantity and 19.9 percent in value. Compared with the same month in the previous year, purchases in July 1964 were up 9.0 percent in quantity and 17.6 percent in value. able 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, July 1964 with Comparisons VALUE QUANTITY 2,128] 1,953 | 15,514 13,831 | 1,170| 99 Pounds 798, 450 608, 714 2/2, 518, 900 274,770 1 3, 684, 492 | 1, 650, 365 _| 511, 630 1/ 172, 472 1 684, 102 661,989 181, 809 161, 682 281, 666 421, 321 2,037,766 | 1,985,134 1,265,104 | 1, 388,433 2,123,920 | 2, 303,532 760,072 125,225 8, 430 812, 177 114, 181 19,730 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Total purchases in the first 7 months of 1964 were up 12.2 percent in quantity and 5.7 percent in value from those in the same pe- riod of 1963. In January-July 1964, there were larger purchases of shrimp and scallops, but noticeably lower purchases of cod fillets, haddock fillets, ocean perch fillets, halibut steaks, and swordfish steaks. Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, ———— 1964 with Comparisons | _ quantity Product [__July | a= 1963 1963 | 1964 | “1963 ess than 500 pounds, Less than $500. CANNED: In the first 7 months of 1964, total purchases of the 3 principal canned fishery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) were up 46.3 percent in quantity and 50.3 percent in value from those in the same pe- riod of 1963. The increase was due to larger purchases of tuna and salmon. The gain was partly offset by smaller purchases of can- ned sardines. January-June 1964: FRESH AND FRO- ZEN: For the use of the Armed Forces un- Table 4 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense} Subsistence Supply Centers, June 1964 with Comparisons at ouamiiy vA SS EP | 1964] 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | 1964 [| 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | 298 SL Spates revel(G1s000)ieenebene 2,651] 2,024 |13, 386 |11, 878 |1, 462 |1,078|7, 043 | 6,773 | Table 5 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, June 1964 with Comparisons! 5 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen Fishe Vol. 26, No. 10 der the Department of Defense, more fresh and frozen fishery products were purchased by the Defense Subsistence Supply Centers in June 1964 than in the previous month. The increase was 19.9 percent in quantity and 30.2 percent in value. Compared with the same month in the previous year, purchases in June 1964 were up 31.0 percent in quantity and 35.6 percent in value due mainly to larg- er purchases of shrimp, oysters, flounder and sole fillets, and ocean perch fillets. Average prices were somewhat lower for most of the items purchased in larger quantity in June 1964. On the other land, a decline in scallop purchases corresponded with an increase in average scallop prices this June. Total purchases in the first 6 months of 1964 were up 12.7 percent in quantity and 4.0 percent in value from those in the same pe- riod of 1963. In January-June 1964, there were larger purchases of shrimp, scallops, oysters, and clams, but noticeably lower pur- chases of cod fillets, haddock fillets, halibut steaks, and swordfish steaks. CANNED: Tuna was the most important item among the canned purchases in June 1964. Table 6 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, June 1964 with Comparisons 9 Product [| fen. June | tine | den tune 1964 | 1963 [i963 6s [1965 Tso T1863 Tuna Salmon Sardine 1/Less than 500 pounds. i2/Less than $500. Product [ee Se | —Suantity_| Cost | Geant | ed Pounds 185, 200 127; 676 592, 420 STROM es eae peeled and deveined. o » » ose breaded. . « Cents/Pound 709, S50 505, 146 2s 445, 970 905, 296 a 894 = 3,660,666 | 3, a, 863 Scallops. 2.2 eececececccece ee Te ee coe ee eee eee Pacific, «see ccc ee eee ee Clams. ss. ee Fillets: CEG soood Ss 6 Flounder and sole. Haddock. . ee o Ocean perch. . . Steaks: ARAN 5 oo Salmon, . «ee Swordfish. . o » 1/Breakdown not available. I2/Not available. 103, 050 18, 296 1, 110 411, 060 1,741, 200 1, 356, 879 465, 786 157, 272 —— 623, 058 543, 560 171,573 129, 892 375, 603 1,776, 404 1, 218, 427 1 241, 466 1, 805, 166 1,024, 604 1,947, 120 631,772 108, 925 7,930 October 1964 FREEZE-DRIED: Fishery purchases for the Armed Forces in June 1964 included 849 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp with an aver- age value of $10.40 a pound. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not obtainable. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1964 p. 20. RAT = ood Great Lakes AID UNDER NEW FISHERIES LAW GIVEN GREAT LAKES AREA: To assist the Great Lakes area fishing in- dustry recover from economic losses suffer- ed in 1963, the Secretary of the Interior has taken action under provisions of a new law. Section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309 (Com- mercial Fisheries Research and Development Act) signed by the President on May 20, 1964, provides that the Secretary may make avail- able up to $400,000 to aid a fishing industry when he determined that a commercial fish- ery failure due to a resource disaster has occurred. The Secretary has determined that the Great Lakes fishing industry, as well as processors and distributors of smoked fish from the Great Lakes area, incurred sub- stantial economic injury in October 1963 as a result of a temporary loss of market for smoked fish. About 2 million pounds of fro- zen fish on hand at the time of the incident were still in storage. Because of the length of storage, the fish, even though frozen, de- teriorated to a point where they could not be used for human food, or, for the most part, even for pet food. Those stocks were to be removed from normal trade channels and couldbe used only for fish meal or destroyed. The applicable section of the new law pro- vides that funds available in fiscal year1965 be used to alleviate the serious situation in the Great Lakes area. In subsequent years, such funds will be available to other segments of the industry suffering fishery failures arising from re- source disasters. Note: See pp. 85-86 of this issue. MeO OK OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963: nited States Great Lakes commercial fish- ery landings in 1963 totaled 55.8 million pounds (valued at $5.1 million ex-vessel), a decline of 9.7 percent in quantity (the value was down about $234,000) from 1962. The 1963 landings were lower in all of the lakes except Lake Ontario (fished mostly by Canada). a 7 5 THE GREAT LAKES } AND THEIR CONNECTING (CHANNELS Fig. 1 - The Great Lakes showing connecting channels. Lake Michigan was the largest producer for United States fishermen in 1963 with 21 million pounds or nearly 38 percent of the to- tal United States Great Lakes landings, but the catch from that lake was down 10.5 per- cent from the previous year. Chub was the leading species for a total of 7.5 million pounds --down about 3.7 million pounds from 1962 as a result of adverse economic condi- tions in the smoked fish industry during the latter part of the year when fishing for chubs virtually ceased. (The Great Lakes chub is used exclusively by the smoked fish industry.) Lake Erie landings in 1963 amounted to 17.2 million pounds, down 12.3 percent from the previous year principally because of a decline in catches of yellow perch and carp. The 1963 landings of 12.1 million pounds from Lake Superior were down 4 percent from 1962 \s —— —* x Fig. 2 - Great Lakes fishing village with fishing ves- sels at anchor, 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and those from Lake Huron of 5.2 million pounds declined 11 percent from the previous year. Canada's 1963 Great Lakes commercial fishery landings of 44.8 million pounds (pre- liminary data) were 17.9 percent lower than the previous year, but the ex-vessel value of $4.2 million was about 3 percent higher than in 1962. Lake Erie accounted for about 80 percent of the total Canadian Great Lakes commercial fish landings in 1963, but the Canadian fish catch from that lake was about 9 million pounds below 1962. The smelt catch was down sharply in 1963 (from 19.1 million pounds in 1963 to 10.6 million pounds in 1962) and the Canadian yellow perch catch of 18 million pounds was 2.9 million pounds less than 1962. Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: V Gus Il ruise GUS-19 (July 9-19, 1964): Shrimp sampling in the northwest Gulf of Mexico was continued during this cruise by the chartered research vessel Gus Ill, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Gal- veston, Tex. Shrimp sampling was conducted _in 8 statistical areas from off the coast of Trawler Gus II (85 feet) is chartered by the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and used by the Bureau's Galveston (Tex.) Biological Laboratory scientists for shrimp studies in the north- erm Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 26, No. 10 Louisiana to Texas with standard 3-hour tows using a 45-foot shrimp trawl. During this cruise, the scientists made a total of 35 tows with the flat trawl, 50 plankton tows, and 44 bathythermograph and 41 nansen bottle casts. Areas 18, 19, and 20 yielded the largest catches of brown shrimp (31-40 count) from the 10- to 20-fathom depth range. The most productive tow was from area 18 with a total of 91 pounds of that size brown shrimp. Those areas combined also yielded 23 pounds of large white shrimp (ranging from 12-20 count) from the under 10-fathom depth, and a smaller quantity of medium size (12-40 count) pink shrimp. LOUISIANA Shows station pattern of Gus II during Cruise GUS-19, July 9-19, 1964. Large brown shrimp (20 pounds of 15-20 count) were caught in the over 20-fathom depth of area 13. Other depths in that area yielded only fair amounts of smaller brown shrimp and a few pounds of large white shrimp from the under 10-fathom depth. A total of 67 pounds of shrimp was taken from area 16 with large (12 to 20 count) brown and white shrimp predominating. These were from depth ranges of up to 10 fathoms and over 20 fathoms. The10- to20-fathom depth in that area yielded less than one pound of shrimp. The smallest yield during the cruise was from area 14--about 11 pounds of brown shrimp, mostly 51-67 count. Note: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1964 p. 23. October 1964 Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production by Areas, July 1964: Prelim- inary data on U.S. production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for July 1964 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Associa- tion of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas, July 1964 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Solubles T, 000 July 1964: East & Gulf Coasts. .« 5 « West Coast2/; [ Total... .. | 44,073] 31,843] 17,638 [ - +d Jan. -July 1964 Total. . . . | 125,039 |106,740| 52,003 Total... 99,688] 50, 133 Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. ncludes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. }/Includes condensed fish. 7 OK OK Production, June 1964: During June 1964, a total of 43, 604 tons of fish meal and scrap and 40.2 million pounds of marine animal oils was produced in the United States. Compared with June 1963 this was an increase of 8,741 tons in meal, and over ~ June = Product Fish Meal and Scrap: Herring Menhaden 2/ Tuna and mackerel Unclassified Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap 3/ Grand total meal and scrap 3/ Fish Solubles: Menhaden Other Pounds) . Oil, body: Herring Menhaden 2/ Tuna and mackerel Other (including whale) ‘1/Preliminary data. 2/Includes a small quantity of thread herring. 3/Not available on a monthly basis. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 12.0 million pounds in oil production. Fish solubles production amounted to 16,791 tons--an increase of 2,702 tons compared with June 1963. Menhaden meal production for June 1964 amounted to 37,035 tons--an increase of 7, 853 tons compared with June 1963, and menhaden oil totaled 37.2 million pounds--an increase of 10.5 million pounds over June 1963, Tuna and mackerel meal pro- duction amounted to 1, 870 tons--an increase of 931 tons com- pared with June 1963. Oil produced from tuna and mackerel a- mounted to 424,000 pounds--an increase of 155,000 pounds compared with June 1963. Herring meal production (1, 256 tons) showed an increase of 957 tons, and herring oil production a- mounted to about 2.0 million pounds. 7 OK OK OK OK Production, May 1964: During May 1964, a total of 27,304 tons of fish meal and scrap and 29.4 million pounds of ma- rine-animal oils was produced in the United States. Com- pared with May 1963, this was a decrease of 12,598 tons in meal, and a decrease of 4,1 million pounds in oil. Fish sol- ubles amounted to 11,736 tons--a decrease of 4,011 tons. Menhaden meal production for May 1964 amounted to 22,664 tons--a decrease of 11,760 tons as compared with May 1963. The menhaden oil production amounted to 28.5 million pounds--a decrease of 4.0 million pounds. Tuna and mack- erel meal production amounted to 1,389 tons for May 1964-- a decrease of 874 tons, while oil (222,000 pounds) produced from tuna and mackerel showed a slight increase of 9,000 pounds over May 1963, A total of 59,543 tons of fish meal was imported during May 1964--an increase of 29,144 tons as compared with May 1963, Imports of fish meal for the first 5 months in 1964 amounted to 221,914 tons--an increase of 58,432 tons as compared with the same period in 1963. Imports from Peru for January through May 1964 amounted to 181,196 tons--an increase of 55,198 tons as compared with the same period in 1963, U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, May 19641/ with Comparisons [May __—| Jan.- Ma: Total Product ju/ise4 | 1963|1/1964 | 1963 1963 Meal and Scrap: Herring Menhaden 3/ Sardine, Pacific Tuna and mackerel Unclassified Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap Fish solubles: Menhaden Other 2,416) 2,865) H Menhaden 3/ Tuna and mackerel Other (including whale) 1/Preliminary data, 2/Included in "other" or "unclassified." 3/Includes a small quantity of thread herring. 4/Not available. * KOK OK 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, June 1964: United States pro- . duction of fish meal in 1964 was higher by 25.1 percent as compared with June 1963. Production of fish oil was up by 42.7 percent and that of fish solubles increased 8.8 percent. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, June 1964 1963 | 1962 | 1961 1960 = 1/1964 Item and Period (Short Tons) . Production: June 43,604) 34,863) 61,171] 54,399] 44,311 January-May 2/ 40,362) 56,189) 60,665) 48,103) 35,920 Year 3/ z= = 253,452] 312,259] 311,265/290,137 Imports: June 34,515) 18,452) 26,453) 19,317) 11,178 January-May 221,914/163,482)114,433) 88,509) 55,197 Year : = 383,107) 252,307) 217,845)131,561 = a ————— —— =: Fish Solubles 4/: Production: June 16,791} 15,430] 24,745) 17,772] 20,735 January-May 2/ 17,574] 27,395) 26,762) 22,428] 16,211 Year zw = 107,402) 124,334/112,241| 98,929 Imports; June 249 323 872 207 149 January-May 1,802} 2,116 3,418] 1,012) 2,369 Year = 6,773} 6,308} 6,739) 3,174 o & eyes (LFOOOMEDSS)\0m see ee Fish Oils: Production: June January-May 2/ 40,230) 28,193) 54,924) 49,686] 35,907 74,897] 41,396) 40,698] 39,340) 20,433 = 185,827/250,075/258,118|209,143 Year Exports: June 117 21,035) 15,629 47,092} 37,191 122,486 |143,659 56,139] 97,806] 58,084 January-May 262,342)123,050 ic Year = 1/Preliminary. f 2/Data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of production in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 percent; and fish oils, 99 percent. 3/Smail amounts (10,000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. 4/Includes homogenized fish. He He Ke Ae Ok U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-June 1964. Based on do- mestic production and imports, the United States available sup- ply of fish meal for January-June 1964 amounted to 340,395 short tons--67,409 tons (or 24.7 percent) more than during January-June 1963. Domestic production was 7,086 tons (or 7.8 percent) less, but imports were 74,495 tons (or 40.9 per- cent) higher than in January-June 1963. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 205,135 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including homog- enized fish) during January-June 1964 amounted to 36,416 tons--a decrease of 19.5 percent as compared with the same f U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-June 1964 with Comparisons Item ish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Jan,-June 1/1964 | 1963 . . . (Short Tons). IMenhiadentan pn iveme: ennai Tuna and mackerel........ Herring ..... hota aS O76 0 OVE 54s Slolo als oS ole Sold (Table continued on next column.) Vol. 26, No. 10 30,015 Peru cy DoS Kilo Siaca oe. 5 205,135} 136,051 OMA thode sean toad ts 6 10,036 INGIAVEN, (Sielalcio co G5, OF CWO, 0.0 yo = So. Africa Republic........ 9,538 Other countries.......... 1,705 oats 256,429/181,934) 383,107 5 340,395) 272,986 | 636,559] 2/107,402 Fish Solubles: Domestic production . . So. Africa Republic. .. Other countries..... DOIG KE ONO O meee 2,051) 2,439 Available fish solubles supply 36,416 45,264 1/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. period in 1963. Domestic production and imports dropped 19.8 percent and 15.9 percent, respectively. Inventions FLOAT FOR FISHING LINE PATENTED: The inventor of a float for fishing states that the device stays in the direction of the angler, loose on the line, allowing ease in casting and pulling. The float, which is e- quipped with a clamp, is loosely connected with the fishing line when the angler makes a cast. The float can be held in position by an adhesive which weakens upon contact with water. This allows the float to grip the line in an advantageous position on the surface of the water while the bait is always at the bot- tom, according to the inventor. (Patent No. 3,087,275, SIC No. 3949, granted Ernst Svo- boda, Meiselstr. 65, Vienna 14, Austria.) Lobsters NEW TAGGING METHOD AIDS POPULATION STUDIES: Success in permanently marking lobsters with internal tags has been reported by a University of Rhode Island ocean- ographer in the first phase of a study to learn more of the life and habits of the northern lobster. The first known successful molt of an internally-tagged North Atlantic lobster took place July 15, 1964, in the lobster pound of a Rhode Island shellfish company when a lobster crawled out of its external skeleton still retaining a numbered, October 1964 plastic-coated slug in its body. That development removes one of the major technical barriers to a study that could play a significant role in shaping lobster fishing legislation in the various States, In recent years a disagreement has arisen involving the offshore lobstermen who fish with otter trawls on the conti- nental shelf and the inshore lobstermen who use baited traps or pots in shallower waters. In dispute is whether the in- shore and offshore lobsters are separate populations that should be controlled by different rules and standards or whether the offshore group is the major breeding stock for the entire population. In planning studies to answer those and other questions, the new internal-tagging method for lobsters may represent a major breakthrough. Half-inch tags, weighing 0.16 grams or about 15 times less than a dime, are inserted behind the eye socket of lobsters, using a needle-sharp, stainless-steel, hollow plunger. Insertion takes only a matter of seconds and does not impair or affect a lobster's sight or other body func- tions. The cavity where the tag lodges has no ‘‘meat’’ and is not eaten by humans, Since the tag contains a small amount of iron, it can be spotted by a very sensitive and sophisticated metal detector. For that purpose an electrical engineer has developed two Opposing copper coils encased in a single plastic case which create a magnetic flux when energized. Shaped in the form of a hollow pipe about a foot long and a foot in diameter, the coils are hooked into an amplifier. The passage of a tagged lobster through the pipe creates a pulse which can be used to close a relay and activate a light, buzzer, or other warning signal, With an investment of about $5,000, it is thought that 10 ad- ditional and more compact detectors could be built and placed aboard commercial lobster vessels. Since lobsters have to be culled and handled individually to detect the presence of egg-bearing females, researchers believe it may be feasible to ask that commercial catches be funneled through a detector and that marked lobsters be put aside for further study. In the past, scientists attempting to tag lobsters have used various external devices which are lost when the crustacean molts--about every year for adult males and every two years for adult females. The younger lobsters shed their skeletons even more frequently. By tagging lobsters and returning them to their natural habitat to be caught by commercial fishermen, scientists hope to learn more about rates of growth, molting frequency, nat- ural mortality rates, migratory patterns, and rates of har- vesting--all on a long-term basis. In addition, the offshore catch is subject to seasonal variations. Do lobsters merely disperse over wide areas or do they travel to some other par- ticular location? Such knowledge could be used to increase catches and the new internal-tagging technique may help pro- vide answers. The developer of the new tagging method has cautioned, however, that more research is needed on the long- term effects of the tags on lobsters. (University of Rhode Is- land, August 23, 1964.) Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, JULY 1, 1964: anners' stocks of Maine sardines on July 1, 1964, were 129,000 cases less than those on hand July 1, 1963, but were 140,000 cases above stocks on hand two years earlier on July 1, 1962 (the pack for the 1961 season was exception- ally small). Carryover stocks at the canners’ level amounted to about 622,000 cases on April 15, 1964, which is the tradi- tional opening date of the Maine sardine packing season, Carryover stocks amounted to 660,000 cases on April 15, 1963, but only 33,000 cases on April 15, 1962, following the short-pack year. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Table 1 - Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors’ and Canners’ Stocks, July 1, 1964, with Comparisons 134,000 374,000 During April 15-July 25, 1964, the Maine sardine pack totaled 315,750 standard cases, according to the Maine Sardine Council. That was much less than the 728,988 cases packed during the same period of 1963, but consid- erably larger than the 179,000 cases packed in the same period in 1961 when fishing was extremely poor. 7/1/63 217,000 643,000 July 1, 1964. In late July 1964, fishing conditions for Maine sardines were favorable and the pack was expected to improve during August, Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964: upplies of edible fishery products during the first 6 months of 1964 were larger than in the same period a year earlier. United States holdings of fishery products in cold-storage at the beginning of the year, together with in- creased fishery products imports, more than offset the lower fishery landings of the first 6 months in 1964. With retail prices some- what lower than in the corresponding period a year earlier, the domestic consumption of fishery products rose slightly. At midyear, stocks of edible frozen fishery products were about 5 percent lower than for Retailers waiting for their purchases in loading area in the salt- water section of New York City's Fulton Fish Market. 30 the same period a year earlier. Cold-stor- age holdings of fish sticks and portions, hali- but and cod fillets, and steaks were down considerably. But stocks of haddock fillets, crabs (including crab meat), and raw head- less shrimp were larger than on June 30, 1963. United States consumption of fishery prod- ucts will likely continue above a year earlier throughout the summer and fall months. Al- though present conditions point to lower do- meStic fishery landings of some major spe- cies--scallops, halibut, and ocean perch, in particular--increasing imports are likely to more than compensate for the decline. Mark- ed increases over 1963 are anticipated in the 1964 United States imports of tuna, scal- lops, ocean perch, and cod fillets. Retail prices for the balance of 1964, it is believed, will continue at least as favorable for consumers as last year. The retail food price index for fishery products is expected to average slightly below a year earlier dur- ing the latter half of this year. Some slight seasonal increase in prices may be expected toward the end of the year. Note: This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, and published in U.S. Department of Agriculture's August 1964 issue of the National Food Situation (NFS-109). North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations BLACKBACK FLOUNDER STUDIES AIDED BY DISCOVERY OF DISTINCTIVE GROUP ON GEORGES BANK: Blackback flounder do not usually migrate great distances as many tagging experiments have shown. How little they move about even on offshore fishing banks was recently in- dicated when one small area on Georges Bank was discovered to harbor a substantial percentage of abnormally pigmented black- backs. When it turned out that almost all were exactly the same age, 5 years, it was even more apparent that the fish tend to stay in one place. Current opinion is that color abnormalities are the result of external fac- tors and are not genetic. Oceanographic data for 1959 are being carefully examined for clues that may help explain the unusual markings. The location of the isolated and distinctive group of fish is considered a timely discovery by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Woods Hole (Mass.) Bio- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 logical Laboratory which is attempting to de- termine the origin of blackbacks on Georges Bank. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 34. North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program HAKE DISTRIBUTION STUDY: M/V “John N. Cobb™ Cruise 67 (August 10- October 9, 1964): To study hake resources off the Washington, Oregon, and northern Cali- fornia coasts in depths from 35 to 100 fath- oms was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search vessel John N. Cobb which left Seattle, August 10, 1964, for 8 weeks of exploratory fishing. (ohn N. Cobb ishing vessel, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory this past summer was studying the hake resources off Washington, Oregon, and northern California. The main objective of the cruise was to investigate the bathymetric and geographic distributions of the hake populations from Cape Flattery, Wash., to northern California. Secondary objectives were to attempt to as- sess the magnitude of the hake resources in those waters, and to collect pertinent data on the environmental factors influencing the dis- tribution and abundance patterns. The method of operation included echo- sounding transects to locate concentrations of hake, and the use of various trawls to sam- ple the density of the hake population when located. October 1964 PELAGIC TRAWL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: M/V "St. Michael” Cruise 3: To evaluate and modify a newly-designed multipurpose pelagic trawl having very long wings ina con- figuration similar to a lampara seine was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered gear re- search vessel St. Michael. The vessel left Seattle, Wash., on August 17, 1964, for 4 weeks of operations in bay and coastal waters. The cruise plan called for underwater and surface observations and measurements of the new trawl which is to be developed for off-bottom, midwater, and surface fishing. Actual fishing trials of the net will be conducted during subsequent cruises. Oceanography GULF OF GUINEA INVESTIGATIONS BY RESEARCH VESSEL ''GERONIMO": M/V ''Geronimo™ Cruise 4 (July 10-Nov- ember 4, 1964): To continue oceanographic studies in the Gulf of Guinea is the purpose of this 118-day cruise by the research ves- sel Geronimo, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Labora- tory, Washington, D.C. The studies to be undertaken on this cruise will be along the same lines as those conducted during Geron- imo cruise 3 (January 15-May 15, 1964), when she participated in EQUALANT III of the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA). Cruise 4 started on July 10, 1964, when the vessel departed Norfolk, Va., with Dakar, Senegal, scheduled as the first port of call on July 27. The vessel's operational sched- ule lists Abidjan, Ivory Coast, as the last port of call on October 14, and return there- after to the United States with arrival at Washington, D.C., on November 4, 1964. The objectives of this cruise are: 1. Extension of the current measurement program in conjunction with biological and environmental studies in the Gulf of Guinea. 2. Surveys of the distribution of schools of tuna in surface waters of the Gulf of Guinea and of related environmental parameters. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 3. Field training for staff technicians and personnel detached from other activities. 4. Evaluation of new analytical instru- ments and various anti-ocidants as stabilizers of biological color in preserved plankton stud- ies. Schedule of Observations: 1. Norfolk, Va., to Dakar (July 10-27): a. Equipment shakedown station will be occu- pied in 1,000 fathoms of water east of Cape Henry. Work will include bathythermograph (BT) cast, 18 bottle hydrographic cast to 1,000 meters, current meter observation, Neuston net haul, Clarke Bumpus haul. b. A BT cast and surface salinity sample every 3 hours. An ASWEPS BT message will be transmitted every 6 hours. c. Weather observations every 6 hours, at 0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 GMT. All messages will be transmitted as synoptically as practica- ble. d. While under way and during daylight hours, a record will be maintained of the occurrence of fish schools, birds, and mammals ob- served at the sea surface. e. A productivity station will be made at local noon daily. Measurements will be made at depths of 100, 50, 25, 10, 1 percent of in- cident solar radiation. Phosphate and sa- linity samples will be analyzed at each depth sampled. f. A 30-minute surface plankton tow with a one- meter net to be made each midnight. g. A 15-minute Neuston haul to be made just preceding the productivity station at LAN and each midnight following the meter-net haul. h. A two-hour nightlight station following the plankton tows each midnight while in the Sargasso Sea. 2. Dakar, Senegal, to Lagos, Nigeria--Tuna Survey I (July 30-August 25): a. Baiting: Search for suitable bait will begin in the evening off the coast of Senegal. Lo- cal sources of bait information will be uti- lized. After adequate bait supplies have been obtained, a 12-hour "settling down" period will be allowed before proceeding to survey area. If bait is not found the search will be continued off the coast of Sierra Leone. Surface water temperature and sa- linity observations will be made wherever bait is obtained. b. Tuna surveys: These surveys will be con- ducted during daylight hours, about 0600- 1800 each day. The search will follow an ‘in-out" pattern with lines extending south 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW from the 100-fathom curve for a distance of about 90 miles, the transects beginning at 7°30" west longitude, being spaced at 30- minute intervals and terminating at 3°30! east. If bait is completely unavailable, survey transects will be run using either jigs or long line gear. Samples of tuna from a maximum number of schools are desired. Pole-and-line fishing will be attempted on each school encounter- ed. Jigs will be trolled continuously dur- ing the tuna surveys. If the fish bite, fish- ing will be broken off after 25 fish of each species in the school are aboard. If thefish do not cqme up to the vessel and start biting after 2 passes, chumming will be broken off and the survey résumed. It is not known at what point in the survey that the initial sup- ply of live bait may become exhausted. In the event that this does occur, an attempt will be made to replenish the supply of bait, after which the survey will be. resumed. Observations to be made upon successful sampling of tuna schools will include: (a) Fork length, sex, weight. (b) Preserve 10 ovaries from among the 25 caught from each school sampled. (c) Preserve stomach samples from each of the 25 caught from each school. Supplemental observations during the tuna surveys: (1) 0500-0600 BT and Nansen bottle cast. (2) BT's every hour and at each fishing station. (3) Productivity station, hydrographic cast and meter-net haul at local noon daily. (4) BT cast, Nansen bottle cast, and meter net haul 1800-1900 daily. (5) Weather observations every 6 hours. (6) At midnight a }-hour meter-net haul at the surface. (7) After the meter-net haul, two 15-minute hauls. with the Neuston net. (8) A two-hour nightlight station following the net tows. (9) Bathymetry. The EDO will be operated at all times while under way. A time- reference notation will be made on the fathogram every half hour. 3. Lagos to Freetown, Sierra Leone (August 28- Sembee 17): a. A total of 30 stations will be occupied: (1) BT casts before and after Nansen bottle casts. (2) 18-bottle hydrographic cast to 1,000 meters. Vol. 26, No. 10 (3) At 13 of the hydrographic stations a cur- rent meter will be lowered from the vessel to 500 meters using an anchored buoy as a reference. (4) A one-half hour meter-net haul at the surface. (5) A 15-minute Neuston haul. b. Between stations, BT casts and surface sa- linity samples every hour. (1) Weather observations every 6 hours. (2) A productivity station daily at local ap- parent noon. (3) Bathymetry observations throughout. (4) Nightlighting as opportunity affords. (5) A transect of 6 depth Clarke Bumpus hauls crossing the equator on a line between 3° N. and 3° S. (6) A 24-hour Clarke Bumpus station will be occupied at a suitable location in equatorial waters. C-B hauls at 6 depths will alternate with BT casts throughout the period. c. Additional shallow drogue observations will be carried out as required to properly im- plement the current meter observations. 4. Freetown to Abidjan (September 20-October 16): Tuna Survey II will be a repeat of Tuna Surveyl. 5. Abidjan to Washington, D.C. (October 16-Novem- ber ay The same observational schedule will be fol- lowed as during passage from Washington, D. C., to Dakar. fote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 24; April 1964 p. 46. * OK K KK NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS LAUNCHED BY U.S. NAVY: The oceanographic research vessel Thomas G. Thompson (AGOR-9) was launched July 18; 7964, at Marinette, Wis., bythe U.S. Navy. The vessel is designed to be a floating laboratory to be used in support of the National Oceanographic Research Program. It willbe operated by the University of Washington. The new vesselis 209 feet in overall length and displaces 1,370 tons. KK KOK The USNS Silas Bent was launched May 16, 1964, as the first of a series of five inter- mediate-sized oceanographic vessels for the U.S. Navy. The Silas Bent was designed pri- marily to do surveying work programmed by the United States Naval Oceanographic Office October 1964 in both Arctic and tropical waters. The fore- section of the vessel is sufficiently ice- strengthened to navigate Arctic waters and the vessel is air-conditioned throughout. The principal dimensions of the vesselare: length overall 285 feet; beam, maximum moulded, 48 feet; depth, moulded to main deck, 233 feet; and displacement, full load, 2,550 long tons. Accommodations are provided for 12 officers, 32 crewmen, and 34 scientists. The Silas Bent is powered by a single- screw Diesel-electric propulsion system, providing a sustained service speed of 15 knots, and an endurance of 12,000 miles at 12 knots. The principal machinery consists of two 1,260 kw. Diesel generators coupled to a single shaft through a 3,000-hp. motor. The vessel also has a trainable and retract- able bow propulsion unit that is capable of moving or maintaining the vessel's position in any desired direction while it is engaged in oceanographic operations. Launching of the Silas Bent at Loraine, Ohio. Other features include a 15,000-pound hydraulic anchor windlass, 12 electric winches for handling scientific equipment, and an articulated crane with a 2,500-pound capacity at a radial outreach of 57 feet. The Silas Bent has been named in honor of a United States Naval officer who was a pioneer in oceanographic work. As a lieu- tenant, Silas Bent (1820-1887) was active in survey work and served under Commodore Matthew Perry on expeditions to Japan. In charge of hydrographic surveying on these expeditions, Lieutenant Bent's most Significant achievement was to establish the delineation and description of the Kuro Siwo or Black Tide, the great northward-flowing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 stream in the Pacific Ocean, comparable to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic. The Silas Bent is scheduled for completion by July 1965. The vessel will be under the operational control of the Military Sea Trans - portation Service and under the technical con- trol of the Naval Oceanographic Office. (Sea- lift Magazine, August 1964.) a Oregon SALMON ESCAPEMENT AIDED BY BRIEF INDUSTRIAL PLANT SHUTDOWN AT WILLAMETTE FALLS: -hour shutdown of operations at 2 in- dustrial plants at Willamette Falls, Oreg., on June 18, 1964, resulted in the escapement of a substantial number of adult spring chinook salmon that had been trapped in a cul-de-sac on the west side of the river. An Oregon Fish Commission biologist reported that 841 chi- nook successfully negotiated the fish ladder at the Falls following the shutdown on that day as contrasted with only 39 fish passing the previous day. The fishery scientist commend- ed the industries for their cooperation in the conservation effort. He said the companies involved have agreed to the temporary shut- down each season for many years despite the considerable cost to them. The cul-de-sac is a deep pocket or cove located on the west side of the river just be- low the falls. It has long been a problemarea since water flowing into the pocket from in- dustrial operations at the site creates a cur- rent which attracts upstream migrating fish. Many of the fish that are drawn there mill a- bout endlessly, apparently unwilling to leave the attractive current flowing from the in- dustrial plants. Shutting down the plants for a period of time eliminates the cul-de-sac attraction thus encouraging the fish to move out of the blind alley. Much of the water that normally flows through the plants and into the cul-de-sac is diverted to the fish ladder or over the falls in the immediate vicinity of the ladder during a shutdown. This creates a stronger than usual attraction flow that enables the fish to much more readily locate the entrance to the passage facility. A tabulation of this season's spring chi- nook run showed that 36,370 chinook had pass - 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ed over the ladder at Willamette Falls by late June 1964. During the same period, the sport chinook catch in the Willamette, from the mouth of the Falls, andinthe lower Clack- amas River totaled about 18,600 fish. The total Willamette-Clackamas spring chinook run was about 58,000 fish, including 3,000 escapement tabulated onthe Clackamas River. The average run for the past 17 years has been 50,000 spring chinook. (Oregon Fish Commission, June 22, 1964.) ect Za EL) y i ia ) f x7 y Fendt aes Oysters. MARYLAND OBSERVATIONS FOR 1964: Information on oyster growth and related data will again be issued this year in aseries of reports by the Chesapeake Biological Lab- oratory (Solomons, Md.) of the University of Maryland Natural Resources Institute. In- formation on spatfall, fouling of shells, oyster growthand condition, oyster mortality, hydro- graphic conditions, and general biological information will be included. Following are excerpts from Bulletin No. 1 of July 23, 1964: The 1964 Spatfall: The program of con- tinuous spatfall monitoring has been some- what modified this year to increase its ef- ficiency. With the cooperation and assist- ance of the Department of Chesapeake Bay Affairs, the Biological Laboratory is making weekly collections of test cultch from select- ed actual or potential seed areas. Whereas in the past 25 test shells in a chicken wire bag have been used as cultch, this year the Oyster spat (magnified many times) on small pebble. Vol. 26, No. 10 shells have been replaced by 43-inch square plates of an asbestos composition board. Two plates of that kind are exposed in specially- designed wooden holders hung just above the bottom at each station. Previous tests have shown that the plates are attractive to the Same organisms as oyster shells. Each week the holders are changed and the plates are brought to the Laboratory and ex- amined under a microscope. Spat, as wellas barnacles, blisters, and other associated fouling organisms are counted, and tallied in a systematic manner, thus showing when the potential set reaches a peak in any given area. With the use of the plates, it is possible to count spat faster and with more accuracy than before. Investigations have the addition- al advantage of examining a precisely known area of cultch. Setting began late this spring, since the water temperature took longer than usual to reach the sustained high level required for spawning. As of late July 1964, the set had not reached the level of last season. The 1963 Spatfall: The 1963 spatfall was well above average in both intensity and range, and proved to be the best general set in over 15 years. Most of the shell plantings were highly successful and the seed areas produced valuable seed. A few areas, such as Holland Straits, were spotty and irregular. The St. Marys River and the Wicomico tributary of the Potomac River were both high producing areas. Parts of Eastern Bay, Harris Creek, Broad Creek, the Little Choptank River, and Kedges Straits also exhibited high counts, as did the Honga River. In the Potomac River, the Jones Shore-Cornfield area was the site of the highest set. Further up the Bay, even the South River had a good strike, most of which caught on mussel shells. fotes: (1) For more detailed data write to the Chesapeake Biologi- cal Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, University of Mary- land, Solomons, Md. ("Report of Maryland Oyster Observations for 1964," Bulletin No. 1, July 23, 1964.) (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Feb. 1964 p. 33. Radiation Preservation PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRADIATED PRODUCTS: major consideration in using radiation to preserve fishery products is a selection of suitable packaging materials in which the product can be irradiated and marketed. Such October 1964 materials must be nontoxic, must not be af- fected by irradiation, and must protect the product from oxidation and bacterial contam- ination. In addition, the materials should be relatively strong so that they will withstand moderate to severe handling, must be easily and effectively sealed and despite rough handling must retain an effective seal, should be inexpensive, and should be lightweight to minimize shipping costs. In view of those requirements, tests on various types of plastic films are being con- ducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Gloucester, Mass. Eight plastic films have been investigated. The results indicate that 4 of the films--nylon 11, "'saran"' (coated nylon 11), and 2 different polyolefin films (coated polyesters)--are suitable in that they meet the requirements described above. Three films--polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon 6--were found to be poor oxygen barriers. Those films allowed increased bacterial multiplication during storage. That was probably due to oxygen permeability. Cellophane was found to be a good oxygen barrier, but had poor sealing characteristics. OK OK KK MASSACHUSETTS FISHERY PRODUCTS IRRADIATOR NEAR COMPLETION: The Marine Products Development Irra- diator being built adjacent to the U. S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Technologi- cal Laboratory at Gloucester, Mass., is ex- pected to be ready for dedication about the end of September. The facility will be oper- ated as part of the research and development program conducted in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) by the Bureau's Technological Laboratory at Gloucester. When completed, the plant is expected to operate on a near-commercial scale, processing marine products at a rate of up to one ton an hour using a 250,000- curie cobalt-60 radiation source. The plant will be the second largest co- balt-60 food irradiator in the world with special operating features enabling it to have a production greater than any food irradiator in operation elsewhere--or any known to be in the planning stage. The largest is the U.S. Army's irradiator at Natick, Mass. The fishery products irradiator is being built to demonstrate the feasibility of ex- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 tending the refrigerated storage life of fresh fishery products as a part of the AEC radia- tion-pasteurized food program. The Bureau's Gloucester Laboratory has been developing plans for consumer acceptance tests of irradiated fishery products. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 33. Salmon MARKING PROGRAM ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER REVEALS MIGRATION PATTERNS: Significant information on the Pacific mi- grating habits of Columbia Rivér salmon is being obtained by ''Operation Fin Clip," the gigantic fish-marking program of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Cooperating State and Canadian fishery agencies report that large numbers of the marked fish have been taken by commercial and sport fisher- men in the North Pacific. "Operation Fin Clip," is designed to de- termine the contribution made by Columbia River hatcheries to the commercial and sport catch of fall chinook salmon. It involves the marking of approximately 32 million fish over a 4-year period. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, which provides about $2 million a year for the operation and maintenance of 22 State and Federal hatcheries on the Columbia River and its tributaries, wants to find out how much they contribute to the total fish catch in order to decide whether it should continue spending money on them. A summary of the program to mid-1964 showed that a total of 2,223 three-year olds had been recovered from the first 7.5 million marked baby salmon which were released into the River in 1962. The heaviest recoveries were made off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Large concentra- tions of marked fish were also recaptured off the Oregon and Washington coasts, while rel- atively small returns were noted in California and Alaskan waters. State and Canadian agencies have stationed trained observers at key spots to tabulate the marked fish as they are brought in by sport and commercial fish- ermen. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries plans to expand the program this year by placing recovery crews on all tributaries of the Co- lumbia below the fish hatcheries. In addition, 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW efforts will be made to sample Indian catches for marked fish. The crews expected to be- gin their surveys late in the summer of 1964 when fall chinook start returning from the ocean and begin running upstream to Spawn. Other streams also will be surveyed to find out whether there is any straying by the hatchery-bred chinooks from the streams where they were spawned. To assess sport fishing intensity, anaerial observer in a chartered plane will aid in counting the number of sport fishermen on the main Columbia River between the Dalles Dam and Tongue Point near the mouth of the River. There will also be a pole-count of fishermen on the ground as well as a postal- card survey. Reports in early August 1964 indicated that hatchery-marked fall chinook salmon had begun entering the Columbia River. KOK OK OK OK NORTH PACIFIC MIGRATION STUDY OFF WESTERN ALEUTIANS: In a continuing Study on high-seas salmon distribution and abundance in the North Pa- cific, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries research vessel George B. Kelez left Seattle in late Aguust 1964 for a 2-months cruise off the western Aleutian Islands. The main objectives of the cruise are: (1) to de- termine the western extent and migration routes of immature salmon known to pass through the central Aleutian area each sum- mer; (2) to compare catch rates and selec- tion qualities of surface gill nets and floating long lines; and (3) to test two sound (sonar) systems for detecting salmon. Salmon speci- mens taken during the cruise will also pro- vide data for studies on the continental origin of North Pacific salmon. Primary interest during this cruise will center on the area between longitudes 175° E. to 165° E. (Attu Island to Komandorski Is - land) and between latitudes 50° N. and 54°N. This marks the first attempt of United States research vessels to determine distributional patterns and migration routes of salmon in the central Aleutian area in the late summer and early fall seasons. Vol. 26, No. 10 School Lunch Program NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH WEEK: The week of October 11-17 was set aside as National School Lunch Week by Presiden- tial proclamation. Providing a lunch for 17 million youngsters every school day requires a tremendous amount of food. Last year the food bill totaled $876 million. Approximately $688 million of that amount was spent in local food markets. School-lunch cafeteria serving fish. For the year ending July 1963, school- lunch purchases of fishery products amounted to 44.9 million pounds valued at $21.8 mil- lion, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Shellfish FIFTH NATIONAL SHELLFISH SANITATION WORKSHOP TO BE HELD: The U.S. Public Health Service will hold the fifth National Shellfish Sanitation Work- shop November 17-19, 1964, in Washington, D.C. The meeting will bring together mem- bers of industry and Government officials who are concerned with shellfish sanitation. The Workshop will open with a program status report by the Director of the Oyster Institute of North America and a report by a representative of the U.S. Public Health Service. Subjects to be presented and dis- cussed at the Workshop include depuration (cleansing), advances in shellfish culture, imports, bacteriological standards, the use of chemicals on or near shellfish growing areas, a study of a hot dip process, and pro- October 1964 posed changes in Parts I, II, and III of the Shellfish Sanitation Manual. The Workshop will conclude with a status report on shell- fish sanitation research centers. 2K OK ok ok NORTH PACIFIC INDUSTRY AFFECTED BY RECENT DISASTERS: The West Coast shellfish industry was af- fected by 2 recent disasters--1naturalandthe other manmade. Damage to 2 Washington State commercial oyster beds as a result of the tidal wave following the Alaskan earth- quake is reported to be over $400,000. Sub- stantial oyster seed plantings in California waters a few weeks prior to the quake were also reported swept away by the tidal action. The Washington State razor clam industry was adversely affected when a fuel barge loaded with 56,000 barrels of Diesel oil and gasoline ran aground at Moclips, Wash., March 12, 1964, during a coastal storm. Fuel oil leakage destroyed the entire razor clam population along an 8- to 10-mile strip of beach. OK OK OK MAINE CONDUCTS RESEARCH ON SANITATION: n $11,988 research contract on shellfish depuration (cleansing) has been negotiated between the U.S. Public Health Service and the Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fish- eries. The contract extends from April 15, 1964, through April 14, 1965, with research to be performed at Boothbay Harbor and Biddeford Pool, Maine. Studies of the flow rate to determine the optimum water flow for depuration of soft clams; the keeping quality of shellfish that have undergone depuration; and salinity acclimatization and its influence on shellfish depuration are some of the pro- jects that will be undertaken. The Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries has also announced approval of the construction of the first commercially- and privately-operated clam depuration plant 1 in Maine. KOK OK XK RECLAMATION PROJECT IN NEW YORK STATE: The New York Legislature has appropri- ated a $50,000 revolving fund to the State COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 Conservation Department for the purpose of reclaiming shellfish from closed shellfish areas. Initial harvesting operations were be- gun in Flanders Bay (east end of Long Island) on May 11, 1964, and by July 1964 some 6,000 bushels of clams had been harvested and sold to various Long Island townships for redis- tribution. The Marine Fisheries Sanitarian in the New York Conservation Department stated that the project has been highly suc- cessful and that township officials welcome this means of increasing their shellfish re- sources. In related action, the New York Legisla- ture increased penalties for persons taking shellfish from condemned areas. Maximum fines are now $1,500 and confiscation of equipment and/or 1 year imprisonment. Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, JULY 1964: Item and Period | 1964 | 1963 1962 1961 [ 1960 . {1,000 Lbs, Heads-Off) . Total landings, So, Atl. and Gulf States: September = 18,045; 13,012) 9,691] 18,832 August 5 19,769) 12,340) 10,944| 20,441 July 15,000} 16,291] 12,294] 10,500) 21,746 June 11,197] 13,134] 11,309] 8,233] 12,427 January- May 27,790) 26,249) 20,838] 22,797| 24,348 January-December = 138,254/105,839] 91,395/141,035 + Quantity canned, Gulf Sues is September _ 3,697] 1,759 598| 2,222 August = 3,121] 1,355) 1,090] 4,427 July 2,080} 3,726) 3,551) 2,793) 5,802 June 4,170} 5,234] 4,913] 3,438] 6,920 January- May a 4,778| 2,625) 1,525) 2,114 January-December = 29,468] 23,322] 14,500] 26,394 yi | , A » Frozen inventories (as of end of each mo,) 2/ September 30 = 27,356 13,361 August 31 = 24,803) 12,754) 12,728 July 31 - 25,460| 13,677] 14,849 June 30 25,546] 24,047) 13,796| 19,416 May 31 28,082| 24,053| 13,904| 24,696 April 30 28,524) 24,954] 15,637| 27,492 March 31 31,428] 27,970] 16,607) 31,345 Imports 3/: September August July June . January- May January~December + Bantam “57.9 90,9 701 1 August = 59.0 83.6 66.1 July 4/58-69 | 63.5 82,1 55.8 June 4/60- az 77.0 84,4 53.7 May 4/59- 69 80.9 83.7 52.8 April 4/57- 61 83.6 82,2 55.4 March 59.6 85.5 80,9 56.0 (Table SEs on next page. ) 38 Item and Period | 1964 | 1963 1962 1961 1960 . .(¢/lb,, 26-30 Count, Heads-Off). . Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-1b. pkg.), Chicago, Il.: September = 73-77 |113-118) 87-90 | 65-70 August 7 75-81 |110-112| 76-91] 64-67 July 80-85 | 77-97 os 70-75] 72-77 June 80-85 | 95-102] 102-104] 67-72] 76-77 May 72-83 |100-103| 96-103] 67-69) 74-77 April 72-74 |100-105| 94-97 | 69-70] 74-75 March 72-75 |102-106| 94-95 | 69-71] 65-68 T/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 30.3. 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau of the Census. 4/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla., Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, Tex., only. Note: July 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information pub- lished daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to head-on weight multiply by 1,68. Trout, RAINBOW TROUT EGGS FROM AUSTRALIA HELP EXPAND IDAHO FISH FARM PRODUCTION: arge United States commercial trout farm in Idaho imported 500,000 rainbow trout eggs from Australia in 1963 to provide new stock during that period of the year when native American rainbow trout are not spawn- ing. An Australian consignment of 150,000eggs and another of 117,000 eggs arrived in ex- cellent condition from the Victorian Fisher- ies and Wildlife Department, and the hatching and survival rate was as high as 90 percent. However, there was a 50-percent mortality rate in the third shipment of 233,000 eggs in October 1963. The losses were caused by the heat and early hatching resulting from a 3-day delay in transit. The trout hatched from the Australian eggs were reared under the advanced methods developed by the owner of the Idaho farm. The 90 ponds at the farm are fed with flow- ing water by an extensive underground lake which gushes 250,000 gallons a minute at a temperature of 58° F. all year. Trout at the farm reach market size about a year after hatching. They are fed a diet of fish meal, yeast, whey, Soybeans, and alfalfa. The trout are said to grow an inch a month on that diet. Biologists at the farm regularly take blood tests and samples to see that the fish are free of disease and growing properly. After harvesting, the trout are processed by an eviscerating machine capable of cleaning COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 1,000 fish an hour. The farm also markets live trout. New breeding methods have been develop- ed at the farm. A stock of rainbow trout has been developed which spawn at the age of 2 years rather than 3 years, and the spawning period is said to have been expanded from 3 to 9 months. The resources of the farm should be further expanded by the addition of the Australian trout. The farm has also de- veloped a special strain of trout--a mutation-- and has engaged a computer specialist to assess the prospects of line breeding the new strain. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1964 p. 40. w United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-JULY 1964: e Unite ates catch of fish and shellfish in 1964, mostly for the first 7 months (in some instances various periods through August 9), was down about 42 million pounds as compared with the same period in 1963. The decline Fig. 1 - Baiting a lobster pot aboard a New England lobster boat. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain Species for Periods Shown, 1964 and 1963 Total Species Period 1/1964 1963 1963 ae (200NTIGbs:). .0).= =) « 1,500 2,062 3,774 Cod: Maine - 1,960 ; 31,475 33,435 1,216 91,876 Total flounder........ 52,300 52,953 93,092 Haddock: eM eater ol apes oe te 6 mos. 1,300 1,146 2,878 Mass. 3/....... OH tater 70,606] 106,075 Total haddock ........ 79,600 71,752] 108,953 Halibut: 4/ ae TENS 2 gee 7 mos. 12,700 17,956 22,372 Wash. & Oreg. ... |7 "’ 6,200 8,268 11,871 atalihalibiitiod we. b snes 18,900 26,224 34,243 Herring, Maine.... 152,317 Industrial fish, 47,897 98,078 36,974 1,779,500 MARINE Toi a ence whom 63,905 oe Tae eS 28,954 44,387 <= - Pe 59,070} 108,292 = oo Se es as 13,216 = 9,791 15,941 Shrimp (heads-on), So. Atl. & Gulf , 7 mos. 84,800 88,522] 219,900 quid, Calif. 2/..... |6 mos. 5,700 6,676 7,942 Tuna, Calif. |. . to August 8 as 5.060 0 0 @ S 15,942 ee ork Ae a ; 64,571 Total whiting......... 28,617 38,716] 80,513] Total all above “Dy Seer, 1,726,917| 1,772,103] 3,327,352 249,983 247,224] 1,422,793] Grandstotal”. 2 «co's 5s 1,976,900} 2,019,327) 4,750,145 G/Includes landings for species not listed. Note: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell, and mollusks reported in meats only. occurred principally in landings of menhaden, ocean perch, Maine herring, jack and Pacific mackerel, and whiting. As of August 21, the New England whiting catch was up sharply. Menhaden landings to July 31, 1964, totaled 924.5 million pounds--a drop of 40 million pounds as compared with the Same period in 1963. The decline in menhaden landings was limited to the Middle Atlantic area where the catch was only one-third as large as in the same period the previous year. vat Fig. 2 - At Gloucester, Mass., iced ocean perch into a truck. Pier. Fig. 4 - Unloading tuna at a southern California dock. Increased landings were reported principally for salmon in Alaska, tuna, and haddock. On the basis of the reported pack of canned salmon and fresh salmon sales to Japanese freezerships, it was estimated that the catch of salmon to August 9, 1964, totaled 217 million pounds--a gain of 46 million pounds as compared with the same period in 1963. KKK KX 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS PRODUCTION, APRIL-JUNE 1964; United States production of fish sticks and fish portions amounted to 39.9 million pounds during the second quarter of 1964, according to preliminary data. Compared with the same quarter of 1963, this was a decrease of 2,5 million pounds or 5.9 percent. Fish portions (24.5 million pounds) able 1 - U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months and Type, April-June 1964 1/ Total 2nd Total 2nd G Total 1st 6 months 1964 1/ 1,242 975 33,940 2,766 Total 1st 6 months 1963 40,129 | 2,140 | 42.269 Total Jan.-Dec, 1963 74,132 5,163 79,29 ./Preliminary. Table 2 - U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, 2/ 1963 April-June 1964 and 1963 1/ 1964 [ie eT) ini . Preliminary 2/Revised. Atlantic Coast States Inland & Gulf States Pacific Coast States 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. 1/Preliminary. Vol. 26, No. 10 Table 5 - U.S. Production of Fish Portions by Months and Type, April-June 1964 1/ Breaded Total 1st 6 mos, 1963 Total Jan-Dec,. 1963 Table 6 - U.S, Production of Fish Portions by Months, 1960-1964 . (1,000 Lbs.) . | Table 4 - U.S. Production of Fish Portions by Areas, April-June 1964 and 1963 | roti |S | 2aa57 | a2 [2,986] Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. U.S. production, 1962-64. were up 0.5 million pounds or 2.1 percent, while fish sticks (15.4 million pounds) were down 3.0 million pounds or 16.3 percent, Cooked fish sticks (14.2 million pounds) made up 92,0 percent of the April-June 1964 fish stick total. There were 24,1 million pounds of breaded fish portions produced, of which 19,0 million pounds were raw. Unbreaded fish por- tions amounted to 403,000 pounds. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 The Atlantic States remained the principal area in the U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, June 1964 with Comparisons production of both fish sticks and fish portions, with 11.3 and 15,6 million pounds, respectively. The Inland and Gulf States ranked second with 2.4 million pounds of fish sticks and 8,3 million pounds of fish portions, The remaining 2.4 million pounds of fish sticks and fish portions were pro- duced by firms in the Pacific States, + «(Millions of Lbs.). .]. » (Millions of $). . Fish & Shellfish: aed Impo + « « | 38.4/35.21243,9/240.8]12.7)10.6/73.4|/69.7 : 3 Exports¢/. .. | 3.3] 2.0] 20.8] 16.6] 1.4] 1.0] 9.0 == 1/Includes only those fishery products classified by the U.S, Bu- ons reau of the Census as "Manufactured foodstuffs." Included are} - canned, smoked, and salted fishery products, The only fresh U.S. Foreign Tr ade and frozen fishery products included are those involving sub- stantial processing, i. e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fillets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed BRINE UNDER QUOTA: only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise nited States imports of tuna canned in Pompe . ‘ cludes fresh and frozen. brine during January-August 1, 1964, amount- ed to 21,726,482 pounds (about 1,034,600 on (principally to the United Kingdom) showed little change A cet Soa from the previous month, There was a modest decline in ex- standard cases), according to preliminary ports of canned squid due to smaller shipments to Greece, data compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Customs. This was substantially less (25.2 percent) Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in June 1964 were up 65 percent in quantity and 40 than the 29,036,028 pounds (about 1,382,700 percent in value, This June there were larger shipments of standard cases) imported during January 1- most of the leading canned fish export items except canned August 3.1963 squid, Exports of canned salmon to the United Kingdom this f A June increased 319 percent from those in the same month a year earlier, The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the United States during Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 6 i months of 1964 were up 25 percent in quantity and 36 percent the calendar year 1964 at the 123-percent in value from those in the same period of 1963, In January- rate of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds June 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mack- e rel, Shipments of canned salmon, canned sardines in oil, and (or about 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7 canned shrimp were also higher, ‘but exports of canned sar- oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that dines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply. quota will be dutiable at 25 percent advalorem. | Notes: (1) Prior to October 1963, the data shown were included in articles on "U, S. Im- ports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products." Before October 1963, data showing "U, S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and crude products. ke ok ok ok OK At present, a monthly summary of U.S. imports of crude or nonprocessed fishery prod= ? ucts is not a@ailable; therefore, only imports of manufactured or processed fishery prod= ucts are reported, The import data are, therefore, not comparable to previous reports of "U.S, Imports of Edible Fishery Products," eos eta “ia ems a ox ISHERY Fiery Products, The export data Es Sus alos Of mustolo tara vag tail Aart " * manufactured or processe: ucts, (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1964 p. 45. United States imports of processed edible fishery products in June 1964 were up 3,2 percent in quantity and 12,4 percent in value from those in the previous month, In June there were larger imports of canned sardines not in oil, fresh and frozen ae ie oe oe ok groundfish fillets, and most other fish fillet items (except sea catfish fillets), The increase was almost offset by smaller shipments of fish blocks and slabs, sea catfish fillets, and AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY canned albacore tuna in brine, PRODUCTS, JANUARY-APRIL 1964: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in April 1964 were up 37,0 percent in quantity and 46,4 percent in val- ue from those in the previous month due mainly to larger shipments of shrimp, particularly from Venezuela, Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in June 1964 were up 9,1 percent in quantity and 19.8 percent in val- ue, This June there were larger imports of flounder fillets, halibut steaks, swordfish steaks, yellow pike fillets, canned oysters, and canned sardines in oil and not in oil, But there was a considerable decline in arrivals of groundfish fillets and blocks and slabs as a result of smaller shipments from countries in Western Europe, Total airborne shrimp imports in April 1964 consisted of 544,100 pounds of fresh and frozen raw headless and 34,247 pounds of unclassified shrimp, About 97 percent of the air- | borne shrimp arrivals in April 1964 entered through the Cus- toms District of Florida, The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orleans (La,) and Los Angeles (Calif,). In the first 6 months of 1964, imports were up 1,3 percent in quantity and 5,3 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963, During January-June 1964, there was a sharp increase in imports of fish blocks and slabs, flounder fillets, and yellow pike fillets, But there was a considerable decline in imports of canned tuna, canned sardines, and canned crab meat, Airborne imports of shellfish other than shrimp in April 1964 included Caribbean shipments of 30,446 pounds of spiny lobster products most of which entered through the Customs District of Florida, with the remainder going to Puerto Rico, Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in June 1964 were up 27 percent in quantity and 17 percent in value from those in the previous month due to larger shipments of canned shrimp (increase mostly to Canada and the United Kingdom), canned mackerel, and canned sardines in oil and not in oil, Exports of canned salm- Airborne finfish imports in April 1964 consisted mainly of fish fillets from Mexico, Total airborne fishery imports in January-April 1964 were down 25,1 percent in quantity and 28,9 percent in value from 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW U. S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-April 1964 with Comparative Data = | 1964 1964 | 1963 Product and April Jan.-Apr. Jan.-Apr. Origin 2/ Oty + Qry.3/ | ValueS/ = 1,000 “ 1,000 US$ Lbs. Lbs. {1,000 Lbs, | 1,000 Fish: Portugal = a 0.1 0.1 2 = Mexico 23 8.0 108.8 30,4 99.2 31.1 British Honduras = = 1.8 0.4 30.6 7.6 Honduras = = 5 = 15.5 4.0 Japan 5 = = - 2.0 8.2 United Kingdom z z 1,7 3.2 1.1 2.7 Iran 5 2 = = 1,2 7.4 France 0,4 0.6 4,3 7.8 0.4 0.3 Israel a te 1.3 0.8 c = Venezuela = oe 4.6 1.7 S = Ireland 4 - = = 0.8 0.3 Denmark - = 0,2 0.1 — > Canada = = 13.2 4,3 = = Iceland = = 1.8) 1,2 = e Spain 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 = = == a= i Total fish 30.5 9.2 138.6 50.6) 150.8 61.6 =| Shrimp: Guatemala =) o s = 101.5 53.9 El Salvador 57.0] 35.5 144.1 86.4) 145.2) 101.7 Honduras S : 5 ed 5.8 3.3 Nicaragua 24,5) 13.9 31.1 18,0] 193.4 61.6 Costa Rica 9.3 4.6 149.2 82,4) 284.0) 137.3 Panama 85.6] 51,7 335.2) 196.9} 607.7) 326.4 Venezuela 391.4] 194.7 |1,529.4) 661.3)1,464.8| 715.4 Ecuador = = = = 72,4 23.1 France 2 cl = = 2.6 0.9 British Guiana | 10.5 5.2 10.5 5.2 = = Total shrimp 578.3| 305.6 |2,199,5|1,050,2| 2,877.4 |1,423.6 as st Shellfish other than shrimp: [ Mexico eS 2 9,0 4.8 70.9 41.5 British Honduras 15.2 3.4 82.8 50.4 98,2 76.4 El Salvador = = < = 5.0 3.6 Honduras = > 8.4 8.6 1.6 0.8 Nicaragua 10,3 9.1 50.5 40.0 47.8 37.9 Costa Rica = = 9.3 9.5 73.8 60,1 Jamaica 11.6] 10.0 43.6 36.2 44,3 33.4 Netherlands Antilles > ° o = 29,1 18.3 Colombia = = 2 = 2.9 4.5 Ecuador = > = = 2.2 1.8 Tunisia > - = = 0.5 0.6 British Guiana 2 = 8.6 1.6 1.7 0.3 Canada = e 1,2 0.9 1.8 0.7 Venezuela Fs = = = 13.7 6.0 Dominican Republic 3.1 0.5 3.6 0.6 6.2 5.0 Bahamas 4.1 3.7 10.6 6.8 = S Haiti 1,3 0.7 4,0 2,1 = = | Other countries 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.5 Total shellfish i (excl, shrimp) 45.8] 27.6 231.8] 161,7| 401.3) 291.4] ° Grand total 654.6| 342.4 | 2,569.911,262.5) 3,429.5/1,776.6) fmports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be United States imports and are included. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade between United States possessions are not included, 2/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipment is shown. : 3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture con- a/Fio.b. point of shipment. Does not include U. S. import duties, air freight, or insurance. 5/Less than 50 pounds. 4 te: These data are included in the overall import figures for total imports, i.e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published. Source: United States Airborne General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, April 1964, U. S. tee | of the Census. —— those in the same period of 1963, The decline was due to smaller shipments of shrimp and spiny lobster tails. The data as issued do not show the state of all products-- fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products, Vol. 26, No. 10 Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, AUGUST 1964: The wholesale price index for edible fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) dropped 1.1 percent from July to August 1964 mainly because of lower fresh and frozen shrimp prices. August prices for other fresh fishery products and canned fish were invariably higher or remained at the same level as in July except for lower prices on ex-vessel large haddock and frozen ocean perch fillets. At 105.4 percent of the 1957-59 average, the index this August was lower by only 0.1 percent from the same month a year earlier. Lower prices for a number of fresh and frozen fishery products this August than in August 1963 were offset by higher prices for fresh and frozen shrimp, fresh halibut, and most of the canned fish items. A decline of 0.3 percent from July to August in the sub- group index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish was the direct result of lower ex-vessel prices at Boston for large haddock (down 6.0 percent). August prices for western fresh halibut at New York City rose 3.7 percent from the previous month because of a drop in seasonal Pacific Northwest hali- but landings, and those prices were up 7.8 percent as com- pared with August 1963. Prices this August were higher than in July for Great Lakes fresh yellow pike (up 5.9 percent), but were unchanged for other items in the subgroup. As com- pared with August 1963, all items in the subgroup except hali- but were lower-priced this August and the subgroup index was down by 1.2 percent. The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish in August 1964 was down 4.2 percent from the previous month. Lower prices for South Atlantic fresh shrimp (down 8.9 per- cent) at New York City were largely responsible, but prices for fresh haddock fillets at Boston rose (up 2.9 percent). As compared with the same month a year earlier, the subgroup index this August was lower by 3.3 percent because of lower prices for haddock fillets and shucked standard oysters, while fresh shrimp prices were 9.3 percent higher than in August 1963. From July to August, prices dropped for ocean perch fillets (down 1.7 percent) at Boston and frozen shrimp (down 4.1 percent) at Chicago, and the subgroup index for frozen fish and shellfish dropped 2.4 percent. Prices for other fish fillets in the subgroup were unchanged from the previous month. As compared with August 1963, the subgroup index this August was higher by 1.1 percent because of higher prices for frozen shrimp and haddock fillets. The subgroup index for canned fishery products was up 0.9 percent from July to August as a result of price increases for canned tuna (up 0.5 percent) and canned Maine sardines (up 5.7 percent). Because of intensive acne demand for tuna was up but price increases in August were nominal and confined only to certain packers’ brands. But canned tuna prices in the aggregate were 6.2 percent higher this August than in the same month of 1963. Higher prices for canned Maine sardines generally stemmed from the relatively light 1964 season pack. As of August 29, the new pack was 525,000 cases--substantially less than the pack of 1.3 million cases for the same period in 1963. Prices for canned pink salmon this August were unchanged from the previous month, but supplies will continue liberal. The total Alaska salmon pack this year was about 3.4 million cases as of the end of August, with pink salmon accounting for more than half of the total. The subgroup index this August was lower than in August 1963 by 1.5 percent. Prices for all items in the subgroup were above those of a year earlier, but canned pink salmon prices were 7.3 percent lower because of liberal supplies. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1964 with Comparisons Point of Avg. Prices1/ Indexes Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit (2) as (1957-59=100) Aug. | July Aug. June 13s 1964 1964 19 1964 | 19 ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned). . 2... ee eet ee ee es 105.4 | 106.6 105.6| 105.5 Fresh & Frozen PROGUCtS sie fs Tvs, ciis! Wi Nc ie wove si ee we «+--+ | 106.9 | 109.3 | 107.8] 108,0 rawn, OF Ea Ty a a Pe al oe 114,6 | 114.9 | 106.3] 16,0 _) H , ige., offshore, drawn, fresh... . . Boston 5 1 aa R 84.6 Halibut, West., 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz. |New York FE A2 A0 Salmon, king, lge. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. |New York 4 93 +93 Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh. .... - Chicago b 53 53 Yellow pike, L.Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh ie 54 51 Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh Oysters, Simcked, standards. ......-- Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish. eC ine Cig ik a ee ee | Fillets, heldceh, sml., skins on, 20-Ib. tins . .[Bo 3 Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfishy. .........+.+......+.-+... Fillets: Flounder, ess, L-Ib. pkg. Haddock, smi., skins on, 1-1b, pkg. Ocean perch, lge., skins on 1-Ib, pkg. Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5=lb. pkg.. . Canned Lai Rb ee wwe eter eile temas eelee cel Mote Se Binterre ice etek e Vad Me Salmon, » No. (16 oz.), 48 cans/cs, . . .[Seattle cs. | 22.25 | 22.25 Tuna, It. meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 0z.), ARICANS(ES Ma. WkGch «| Meidisd ooetisys ol «2 6 Los Angeles} cs. | 11,66 | 11.50 | 102.6 | 102.1 | 102.1] 96.6 Mackerel, jack, Calif., No.1 tall (15 oz.), A8icans/sc.'. 2... « Riis Petees otc ies Me LosAngeles| cs. | 6.25 | 6.25 | 105.9 | 105.9 | 105.9] 97.5 Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn MS0/4'ORs), MOURNS CR as 6 lems te cl es ae ew York cs. |_ 9,31 | 8.81 119.4 | 113.0 | 113.0{ 104.0 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which the 16th of the month occurs, These ~ prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level. Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’’ should be referred to for actual prices. ED SHRIMP FARMING The idea of shrimp farming, or cultivation of shrimp under controlled conditions in salt- or brackish-water ponds, has aroused much interest in the United States in recent years. Shrimp appear particularly desirable forartificial cultivation because of their rap- id growth andhigh market value. In addition to their worth as human food, shrimp are in great demand seasonally as live bait for sport fishing. Methods used in shrimp farming take advantage of the ability of certainshrimp tosur- vive and grow rapidly in shallow estuarine waters. By constructing ponds, the shrimp farmeralters the natural environment so thatthe poundage of shrimp normally harvested from the estuarine areas is greatly increased. It is anticipated that by proper timing, a shrimp farmer may control the development of his stocks, so that abundant live-bait shrimp of appropriate size can be harvested at the peak of demand. The culture of shrimp and other marine animals is an important industry in certain maritime countries of Southeast Asia. Shrimp farming in the United States is still in its infancy, however, and extensive research is required to determine its biological and ec- onomic feasibility. Note: Shrimp culture as it is practiced in Southeast Asia and possible application of techniques developed there to shrimp farming = = United States are discussed in Fishery Leaflet 551, "Shrimp Farming," U.S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 International FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY -MAY 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza- tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa, Produc- tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu- ary- May 1964 were up substantially from that same period of the previous year. Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January- May 1963-1964 (Country WARIO, Gubooo soos So. Africa (including S.-W. Africa) ..... Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January- May 1963-1964 ie Country So. Africa (including | S.-W. Africa) ..... 1/Data not available. Chile became a Sembee of FEO at the = of 1963. 2/Data not reported. January 1964 exports were 4, 800 tons; January 1964 production was| 5, 600 tons. During the first 5 months of 1964, Peru accounted for 69.2 percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO countries, followed by Norway with 9.9 percent, South Africa with 9.4 percent, Chile with 6.5 percent, and Iceland with 5.0 percent. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Em- bassy, Copenhagen, July 15, 1964.) Kk KK * WORLD PRODUCTION, APRIL-MAY 1964 AND JANUARY -MAY 1964: World fish meal production in April 1964 held steady at about the same level as in the previous month and then moved somewhat lower in May 1964, according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufac- facturers, The modest decline in May 1964 was due mainly to a drop in output in Peru, Norway, and Iceland, which was partly offset by rising production in the United States. World Fish Meal Production by Countries, January- May 1963-1964 RRS 33,812| 32,193 2/36,612|2/50,970 1/Data not available. 2/Revised. 3/Data available only for January 1964. Note: Japan does not report fish meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. Chile and Morocco did not report production prior to 1963. World fish meal production in the first.5 months of 1964 was considerably above that in the same period of 1963, The increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru which accounted for about 61 percent of world output during January- May 1964. There was also a noticeable increase in Norwegian and South African production in January- May 1964, The gain was offset partly by a sharp drop in Canadian and United States output, Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table), KOK KKK WORLD TRADE, 1958-1963: World exports of fish meal, including fish solubles and similar products, reached a record level in 1963, reflecting increased shipments from all major suppliers except Angola (table 1). October 1964 International (Contd.): Table 1 - Fish Meal L/ Exports from Specified Countries, 1958-1963 and Average 1955-59 Average Country 2/1963 1962 1961 1960 | 1959 1955-59 hele s'6 oFe,s ss ste (1,000 Short Tons) ........... Canada 3/ 56.7 48.2 40.6 35.5] 46.9] 29.3) 44.3 Argentina 3.5 1.7 3 atl es ey E 1.9 Chile 95.7 80.3 45.8 26.6) 19.1 = 10.0 Peru 1,278.4) 1,175.0} 838.4] 571.3/306. -4) 109.1 Belgium 3.4 6.4 4.2 4.7 3 " 2.4 Denmark 3/ 74.5 68.0 47.1 35.4 rd 54.8 Faroe Islands 1.9 2.2 1.2 oi) Art 2 6 France 2.0 17 3.7 4.6 8 fs 4/1.1 West Germany 6.0 9.5 9 Gr, 18:0] 8:5] 956.8 Iceland 114.8 76.8 78.0 60.5] 48.7] 60. 42.1 Netherlands 3.9 6.6 5.2 6.2} 9.2) 6. 6.7 Norway 113.9 65.9] 141.6] 112.4) 98.3)118. 148.0 Portugal 8 2.9 5.0 2.5 6 Me 1.3 weden 3 3 6 Pg tee a “S) U.S.S.R. 5/4.0 4.1 5.4 4.4) 5.3) 4. 4.1 ngola 30.8 35.9 55.5 49.7] 56.5) 89. 72.8 IMorocco 21.9 17.6 20.9 15.3] 16.0) 18. 13.0 o, Africa Re- public 3/6/ 235.8 228.7 186.7 139.7/110.1 Pana ts 4.0 20.0 5.3 6.9] 26.5 im c 2,052.3 | 1,851.8 | 1,486.4 | 1,083.3/836.6 664.7] 614.2 | V solubles and similar products. 2/Preliminary. 3/Includes fish solub.es. 4/1957 -59 average. S/Estimate. G/Includes the production of South-West Africa. Table 2 - Fish Meal Imports into Specified Countries, 1958-1963 and Average 1955-59 regi Average 1962 1961 1960 | 1959] 1958/1955-59 cL etanag a pikes chete 6 (1,000 Short Tons)......see-> 3.0 4 5 By = = = 30.7 22.1 13.6 16.8] 10.4) 4.0 3.9 386.5 255.8 221.4 133.5]147.3}109.0} 107.7 2.8 1.8 6 6 = = Zz 16.6 14.6 12.9 4.8) 5.0] 2.8 2.9 33.4 30.9 26.5 24.0) 14.1) 16.1 12.7 56.6 62.8 44.0 54.8] 32.9) 31.0 24.7 13.6 Lvs 30.6 20.8] 14.8] 12.0 12.8 8.0 17.8 UK Biri 7.2) 3.9) 3.8 3.3 84.3 90.9 66.4 35.1] 43.9) 46.5 30.5 332.4 365.8 295.3 212.6/166.1)137.0) 128.1 8.2 5.8 4.8 4.4) 4.3] 5.0 3.4 67.5 53.6 34.3 33.7) 14.6) 15.9 10.7 193.7 190.2 178.9 150.3}110.1) 92.5 88.0 33.1 17.3 11.8 Mell) wee) eee 2.1 84.1 41.5 14.6 10.2) = 2.7 1.4 33.0 26.1 24.5 19.3] 20.6) 12.6 13.7 32.0 31.4 27.4 30.5] 17.0] 14.6 14.0 United Kingdo: 310.5 305.0 186.3}164.7|127.0) 127.2 Yugoslavia 3/24.7 ae 13.9] 8.1] - 1.8 Rhodesia/ - Nyasaland 5.4 4.7] 5.3} 5.4) 4/4.9 5/11.0 17.7} 13.3} 22.3) ~14.3 ~ 42.4 21.4) = = - 16.8 11.6] 6.8) 5.0 3.6 6.9 3.3] 5.4] 3.8 3.8 |2/Includes small amounts of meat meal. |3/January -September. 4/Estimated. 'S/January-June. Fish meal is a high-protein concentrate that contains the amino acids necessary to good animal nutrition. As animal feed, it is usually incorporated in balanced mixtures of veg- etable substances to which minerals and vitamins are added. The bulk of fish meal production is used in poultry and hog rations and, when prices are competitive with other protein concentrates, in other livestock rations. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 In general, exports of fish meal follow the pattern of pro- duction as the greater part of the output is exported in major producing countries such as Peru, South Africa Republic, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Angola, and Morocco. The main exceptions are the United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union where virtually all the production is retained for domestic use. There has been a marked change in the regional pattern of world exports. Prior to 1959, Europe was the leading export- ing region but with the rapid development in the productive capacity for fish meal in other parts of the world, South America has become the leading exporting region and Africa has emerged as an important source of supply. Exports from North America continue, as in the past, almost entirely from Canada. Asian exports are insignificant compared with those from other regions. Peru continued as the leading fish meal supplier in 1963. By areas of destination the percentage distribution of Peruvian fish-meal shipments in 1963 was as follows: Western Eu- rope 61.2 percent; North and South America 25.0; Eastern Europe 7.0; Asia 6.4; and Oceania 0.4 percent. Record quantities of fish meal were shipped from the South Africa Republic in 1963. Western Europe absorbed 56 percent of South African fish-meal exports in 1963, fol- lowed by Asia with 18 percent, Eastern Europe with 14 per- cent, North and South America with 5 percent, Africa with 3 percent, and Oceania with 2 percent. Exports of fish meal from Norway and Iceland increased significantly in 1963. Virtually all shipments from both those countries in 1963 went to other Western European countries, except for small quantities (about 14 percent in 1963) which were sold to Eastern Europe. Chile's experts of fish meal, which have been increasing steadily in recent years, totaled a record 95,700 tons in 1963. Chilean fish-meal exports in 1963 were mainly to Western Europe which took 60 percent of the total. Of the remainder, North and South America accounted for 37 percent, Eastern Europe 2 percent, and Asia 1 percent. The greater part of the fish-meal shipments from Den- mark, Angola, and Morocco goes to Western Europe except for small quantities (about 12 percent in 1963) going to East- ern Europe. Over 80 percent of Canadian exports of fish meal in 1963 went to the United States, and most of the re- mainder went to the United Kingdom. Most of the increase in world supplies of fish meal since 1959 has been absorbed by Western European countries and oy the United States, now the world’s leading fish-meal im- porter. Increased imports have also been recorded by coun- tries in South and Central America, Asia, and Eastern Europe. Combined imports in 1963 by leading fish-meal buyers in- creased considerably over 1962 (table 2). Purchases by the United States rose 130,700 tons, and those by Japan, Spain, Yugoslavia, Italy, and Poland rose collectively by 144,400 tons. Those increases more than offset reduced purchases by West Germany, Finland, France, Belgium, and Denmark. In Eastern Europe, estimated purchases of fish meal by East Germany fell to 80,000 tons in 1963 from 102,000 in 1962. Imports into Czechoslovakia and Hungary, however, increased in 1963 to an estimated 17,500 and 20,500 tons, respectively, from an estimated 17,000 and 16,500 tons in 1962. (World Agriculture Production and Trade, July 1964.) 3K OK OK OK INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS' FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE: The Fifth Annual Conference of the International Associa- tion of Fish Meal Manufacturers will be held in Vienna, Aus- tria, September 29-October 2, 1964, 46 International (Contd.): The Association, which was formed in 1959, is arecognized international body representing the world fish meal industry as a whole, and is designed to promote cooperation among all man- ufacturers. It thus provides a forum for discussions between producers, many of whom are also engaged in foreign trade, and experts who are concerned with the many commercial promotional, scientific, and technical problems affecting the industry. Over 100 delegates from the 17 member countries, as well as official observers from Japan, Mexico, and Argentina, were expected to attend the Vienna Conference. In addition, agents, importers, and brokers who are interested in fish meal mar- keting were invited to attend the opening and closing sessions, and to be present as observers ata special working session, Member countries, all of whom were expected to send dele- gates to the Conference, are: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Den- mark, France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, Mo- rocco, Norway, Peru, Portugal, So, Africa Republic, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Organizations and agencies which were tobe represented at the Conference include the Fishmeal Exporters Organization (FEO), with which the Association cooperates on promotional and similar matters; the U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, which is actively engaged in research on fish protein concentrate for human nutrition; and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Fish meal is easily incorporated as a high-grade protein ingredient in animal feeds, particularly for intensively reared stock such as poultry and pigs, Fish flour or fish protein con- trate for human consumption may become an important factor in combating malnutrition. In those and other activities the Association cooperates with FAO; the Unitea Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); and the Freedom from Hunger Campaign. The Association also cooperates with groups such as the Eu- ropean Federation for Animal Technology (FEZ) and other regional bodies such as the Expert Committee in the Euro- pean Economic Community. (International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, July 1964.) MARINE OIL WORLD PRODUCTION, 1963: In 1963, world production of marine oils (excluding seal oil) totaled an estimated 1,071,500 short tons, 16 percent below that of the previous year. Production of baleen whale oil and fish oil declined by an estimated 109,700 and 94,200 tons, respectively. Sperm oil production, however, rose 5 percent in 1963. World Marine Oil Production, 1961=63 i eee . . « «(1,000 Short Tons). .... 1/Preliminary. The production of seal oil in 1963 is esti- mated at 3,600 tons, compared with an esti- mated 4,600 tons produced in 1962. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION NORTH PACIFIC HALIBUT FISHING IN AREA 3A ENDED AUGUST 19, 1964: Fishing in Pacific halibut Area 3A ended at 6 p.m. (P.S.T.) on August 19, 1964. The International Pacific Halibut Commission an- nounced the closure on July 31, 1964, since it estimated that by August 19 the catch limit of 34 million pounds for Area 3A would be reach- ed. Area 3A includes waters off the coast of Alaska between Cape Spencer and Kupreanof Point (near the Shumagin Islands). There will be no halibut fishing in Area 3A after August 19, 1964, until the area is reopened in 1965. This year Area 3A was open to fishing for 110 days--18 days more than the 92-day sea- son in 1963. In 1962, the area was open to fishing for 94 days, in 1961 for 105 days, in 1960 for 85 days, in 1959 for 92 days, and in 1958 for 119 days. North Pacific halibut landings by United States and Canadian vessels for 1964 through July 31, 1964, were: 14.4 million pounds in Area 2; 26.3 million pounds in Area 3A; 2.1 million pounds in Area 3B South; 359,000 pounds in Area 3B North; and 1.5 million pounds in Area 3B North Triangle. Total United States and Canadian landings as of July 31, 1964, to- taled 44.7 million pounds as compared with 56.7 million pounds for the same period of 1963. There has been no announcement concern- ing the closure of any of the other North Pa- cific halibut fishing areas which are subject to quota limitation. The North Pacific halibut fishing regulations for 1964 provide that the season in Area 2 shall terminate at the time of the attainment of a catch limit of 25 million pounds or on September 15, whichever is ear- lier; fishing in Area 3B South shall terminate at the time of the attainment of a catch limit of 4 million pounds or on October 15, which- ever is earlier; fishing in Area 3B North (with- out catch limit) shall terminate on October 15; and the season in Area 3B North Triangle shall terminate at the time of the attainment of a catch limit of 6,393,340 pounds or on October 15, whichever is earlier (the catch limit in Area 3B North Triangle is to be shared be- tween the United States, Canada, and Japan). The halibut catch during the 1964 season in Area 2 and the Bering Sea areas has been sub- stantially below that during the previous sea- October 1964 International (Contd.): son. Those developments were considered at a special meeting of the International Pa- cific Halibut Commission on June 4, 1964. Following the meeting it was announced that the catch-limit area of the Bering Sea was tentatively scheduled for complete closure during 1965 and that North Pacific halibut fishing off the United States and Canadian coasts would be closely surveyed to deter- mine if further restrictions would be re- uired,. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 49. INTER-GOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION PANEL OF EXPERTS ON STABILITY OF FISHING VESSELS HOLDS FIRST SESSION IN LONDON, JULY 13-17, 1964: A Panel of Experts on Stability of Fishing Vessels has been established by the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO). The action was taken following the third IMCO Assembly, which resolved that '"IMCO should continue its studies on the stability of fishing vessels with all possible speed.'' The Panel will serve as a Subsidiary body to the Working Group on Intact Stability of Ships, which is already concerned with stability studies of all types of ships including fishing vessels. The object of the Panel as defined at its first session, July 13-17, 1964, in London is "to collect and study data, instigate further research, and disseminate information and recom- mendations on the stability of fishing vessels of different types and dimensions, with the ultimate object of establishing cri- teria for judgement of stability, and to insure that the master is furnished with adequate and understandable information for his guidance." The first session of the Panel of Experts was attended by representatives of Denmark, West Germany, Finland, France, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, U.S.S. R., United Kingdom, United States, and bya representa - tive of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The Panel agreed upon the following terms of reference: 1. To classify fishing vessels without limitation of size in different groups with regard to dimensions, type, fishing methods, and operating areas for the purpose of the studies to be carried out by the Panel. 2. To study and analyze casualty records of fishing ves- sels from different groups which have foundered or suffered dangerous heeling. 3. To collect, analyze, and compare existing national stability requirements, recommendations, and cri- teria for fishing vessels together with supporting in- formation about the principles involved. 4. To compile on a uniform basis intact stability calcu- lations (with curves) for different groups of fishing vessels, using parameters already established by the Working Group on Intact Stability of Ships, and using actual conditions of loading as practiced in specific fisheries. 5. To formulate recommendations with regard to stabil- ity criteria to be used for fishing vessels of the dif- ferent groups. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 6. To investigate the possibility of establishing simple methods to be used in judging the stability of small fishing vessels. 7. To investigate the desirability of establishing mini- mum freeboard requirements for fishing vessels. 8. To formulate recommendations with regard to water- tight integrity and constructional details of fishing vessels which affect stability such as hatches, super- structures, binboards, freeing ports, safety releases, etc. 9. To investigate the possibility of standardizing assump- tions with regard to wind and wave forces applicable to fishing vessels and to cooperate with the Working Group on Intact Stability of Ships in the researchnec- essary to verify those assumptions. 10. To develop proposals for appropriate simple operating guidance to fishing crews regarding stability, avoid- ing as far as possible the necessity of making calcu- lations at sea. 11. To collect information on present theoretical inves - tigations and research work regarding the stability of fishing vessels and their general behavior at sea insofar as this affects stability. 12. To establish a long-range research program on the stability of fishing vessels and their general behav- ior at sea insofar as this affects stability. 13. To consider operational practices which have an un- favorable effect on the intact stability of fishing ves- sels and to recommend reasonable and practicable precautions which would prevent the reduction in stability or to keep it within acceptable limits. At the London meeting, the Panel of Experts considered what work could be started immediately under those terms of reference. As a result, some members volunteered to carry out certain studies and report to the Panel at its next session. The Panel also prepared the following preliminary Suggestions concerning fishing vessel stability: 1. All doorways and other openings through which water can enter into the hull or deck houses, forecastle, etc. should be suitably closed in adverse weather con- ditions, and accordingly all appliances for that purpose should be kept on board in good condition. 2. Hatchcovers and flush deck scuttles should be kept properly secured when not in use during fishing. 3. All porthole deadlights should be maintained in good condition and securely closed in bad weather. 4. All fishing gear and other large weights should be properly stowed and placed as low as possible. 5. Particular care should be taken when pull from fishing gear might have a bad effect on stability--for example, when nets are hauled by powerblock or when a trawl net snags on the bottom. 6. Gear for releasing the deck loadin fishing vessels carrying their catch on deck should be kept in good working condition for use when necessary. 7. Freeing ports provided with closing appliances should always be capable of functioning and should not be locked, especially in bad weather. 8. When the main deck is prepared for a deck load by setting up pound boards, there should be slots of suit- able size between the pound boards to allow easy flow of water to freeing ports in order to prevent the trap- ping of water. 9. Never carry fish in bulk without first being sure that the portable divisions in the holds are properly in- stalled. 48 International (Contd.): 10. At any one time keep the number of partially filled tanks to a minimum. 11. Observe any instructions given regarding filling of water-ballast tanks, but always remember that slack tanks can be dangerous. 12. Any closing devices provided for vent pipes to fuel tanks should be secured in bad weather. 13. Reliance on automatic or fixed steering can be dan- gerous as it prevents quick maneuvers which may be needed in bad weather, 14. Be alert to all the dangers of following or quartering seas, If excessive heeling or yawing occurs, reduce speed as a first precaution. 15. In all conditions of loading, necessary care should be taken to maintain a seaworthy freeboard. 16. Pay special attention to icing of a vessel and reduce it by all possible means. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT POSITION ADOPTED ON FISHING INDUSTRY SUBSIDIES: The Fisheries Committee of the Organization for Eco- nomic Cooperation and Development (OECD) met in Paris, June 29-30, 1964, and considered a report on subsidies and other financial support to the fishing industries of member countries. The Fisheries Committee then issued recom- mendations making distinctions between justifiable subsidies and those which should be eliminated. The conclusions of the Fisheries Committee were endorsed by the Council of OECD in a statement to the press, July 21, 1964, the text of which follows: ‘The Council of OECD recommends the Governments of member countries, when they determine their fishery policies, to take into consideration the conclusions of a study carried out by the Fisheries Committee on subsidies and other fi- nancial support to the fishing industries. “The Report by the Fisheries Committee makes a distinc- tion between subsidies which are likely to create difficulties at international level by creating or perpetuating abnormal conditions for the fishing industry, and those which ‘may be necessary for developing the fishing industry and raising its productivity or for facilitating the alternative employment of fishermen.’ ‘“‘These (subsidies which may be necessary) include gov- ernment regulations for landing prices or sales and other nondiscriminatory systems drawn up and applied by the gov- ernments in order to fix or to regulate the prices. These systems involve no financial grant, however, other than the payment of the administrative costs or at least only a subsidy low enough to have no practical effect on the general level of prices, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ‘In the same way, social and economic motives may jus- tify subsidies and other financial aids designed to encourage investment by small firms or individuals who have not the fi-: nancial means needed to improve their equipment. These technical improvements, however, must result in profitable modernization likely to raise the fishermen’s standard of living and insure them normal incomes. ‘On the other hand, financial aids which favor home pro- ducers by reducing their costs of exploitation should be grad- ually diminished until their total abolition. Such aids have too great an influence on imports or exports. ‘“‘The Fisheries Committee also condemns catch premiums and subsidies given to fishermen on the basis of the quantity of fish landed, gross proceeds, or time spent at sea. Such .other species. Vol. 26, No. 10 schemes should only be introduced by way of exception and for a period not exceeding three years. In those countries where such subsidies have been made for more than 5 years, the aim should be to reduce them gradually with the object of abolishing them within 10 years. ‘In the case of support given to traditional production which is diminishing but which gives rise to marketing dif- ficulties, the possibilities of structural changes should be considered if the difficulties encountered by the sectors con- cerned tend to become permanent, The present aids, in so far as they facilitate the placing of exports, might well af- fect the international trade in fish and in this case the posi- tion on the international markets should be given careful at- tention, “Care should also be taken not to encourage the tendency to overinvestment so as to avoid an artificial increase of the production capacity of the fleet in nonprofitable conditions of exploitation. To this effect, it is generally acknowledged that scrapping premiums, shipbuilding and other investment sub- sidies for the benefit of fisheries are only acceptable if they are to be in force for a period of less than 5 years and/or the amount granted does not exceed 25 percent of the build- ing costs of a new vessel. ‘“*Moreover the rate of interest for loans granted to the fishing industry must be comparable with the average rates of interest regarded as normal for private loans for similar purposes in the same country. “Finally, financial aid given to shipbuilding has not been considered as a subsidy for the fishing industry so long as it does not reduce the costs of investment to the buyer of a ves- sel below the cost of purchasing a similar vessel from a for- eign shipyard. “'These general recommendations are accompanied by country recommendations which take account of the struc- tures of the different national fishing industries and the economic conditions which might influence the fishing situ- ation.’’ (Organization for Economic Cooperation and De- velopment, Paris, July 21, 1964.) * Ok OK KOK FISH PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS PLANNED: Fish promotional materials in the form of colored illustrations of various fish species are planned to be issued by the German Fish Promotion Service (Deutsche Fischwerbung e.V.) as a cooperative fish promotion service under the Organization for Economic Coopera- tion and Development (OECD). The illustra- tions would be available to persons or agen= cies in OECD Member Countries who are in- terested in fish promotion services, and they are encouraged to participate in this coopera- tive effort. The proposed illustrations are based on water colors and would be suitable for use in retail or wholesale fish establishments, for educational school material, or for display at fishery group meetings. They would measure about 17x23 inches consisting of 12 different fish species including herring, ocean perch, cod, haddock, mackerel, halibut, wolffish (ocean catfish), shrimp, tuna, and several The names of the different fish October 1964 International (Contd.): species could be shown in several languages. The price for the illustrations would vary ac- cording to the number of copies ordered and would range from about 10 to 15 U. S. cents each, For further information, interested per- sons may write directly to: Deutsche Fisch- werbung, 2 Karlsburg, 2850 Bremerhaven 1, West Germany, or through the Fisheries Di- vision, Organization for Economic Coopera- tion and Development, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, Paris 16e, France. Member Countries of the OECD include the United States, Canada, Japan, the Euro- pean Common Market countries, member countries of the European Free Trade Associ- ation (EFTA), and others. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND THE CONTIGUOUS ZONE ENTERS INTO FORCE: The Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (which was adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in April 1958 at Geneva) entered into force September 10, 1964, following ratifica- tion by 22 countries. The Dominican Republic deposited the 22nd ratification August 11, 1964. The United States ratified the Convention on April 12, 1961. The Convention embodies the results of work of the 1958 United Nations conference, but does not cover the width of the territorial sea. Among other things, the Convention establishes specific rules for the right of innocent passage of ships throughter- ritorial waters, with separate reference to merchant vessels, government-owned ships used commercially, and warships. The Con- vention describes the rights and duties of states through whose waters the ships pass. It also provides) for the use of the low-wa- ter line as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea, except as other- wise provided for in the Convention. The ex- ception allows for the use of the straight base- line method (Article 4) in localities where the coast is deeply indented or if there is a fringe of islands immediately adjacent to the coast. The Convention also recognizes the right of a coastal state to exercise jurisdiction over a "contiguous zone" extending up to 12 miles from the baselines from which the territorial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 sea is measured, for the purpose of allowing the coastal state to exercise control neces- sary to: '(a) prevent infringement of its cus- toms, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary regu- lations within its territory or territorial sea; (b) punish infringement of the above regula- tions committed within its territory or terri- torial sea." The 1958 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea also formulated the (1) Conven- tion on the High Seas; (2) Convention on the Continental Shelf; and (3) Convention on Fish- ing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas. Allofthose Conventions have entered into force, except the Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Re- sources of the High Seas which in August 1964 had only 16 of the 22 ratifications needed be- fore coming into force. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1961 p. 90; May 1960 p. 40. WHALING ANTARCTIC WHALE OIL AND SPERM OIL PRODUCTION, 1962/63 AND 1963/64 SEASON: Total marine oil production from pelagic whaling in the Antarctic during the 1963/64 season was down about 9 percent from that in the previous season due to a drop of 20 percent in whale oil output. All countries participating in Antarctic whaling during the 1963/64 season reported lower production except Norway. The decline in whale oil pro- duction was partly offset by a gain of 54 per- cent in sperm oil production. The Japanese and Soviet fleets accounted for most of the gain in sperm oil. Marine Oil Production from Pelagic Le ig in the Antarctic, 1962/63 and 1963/641 [ conty | Seamn [Whale Ol] Sperm on] Total Country Oi sa / 15,411 17,491 Norway Japan 1963/64 561,035} 120,093 1962/63 666, 335 61,959 U.S.S.R. 1963/64 214,438) 167,715 1962/63 312,517 94,299 United Kingdom | 1963/64 ? > sees yea | Llsertbea 5588 | 1963/64 | 1,025,659] 353, 492 1962/63 | 1,292, 373 : 229, 469 1/Preliminary. 2/Six barrels equal one long ton. A total of 16 factoryships participated in the 1963/64 Antarctic whaling season--1 less . World total 50 International (Contd.): than inthe previous season. After the 1962/63 season the British Antarctic whaling factory- ship was sold to Japan. (United States Em- bassy, Copenhagen, June 30, 1964.) Aden FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: To help develop fisheries inthe Gulf of Aden and adjacent waters, the United Nations Special Fund has contributed £330,000 (US$924, 000) and the United Kingdom has contributed £160,000 4 ($448,000) for [OO News | a fisheries sur- ibe vey and train- ey ~~ -~— ‘Ys ing project. eee i The develop- Orns of =) ment project is ‘ 7| expected to con- tinue for 3 years and includes provisions for chartering 2 fishing vessels to be used in training local The project is fishermen in the Aden area. being carried out by the Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nations. (Fish Trades Gazette, July 4, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 39. =a SCALLOP CATCH ON NEW GROUNDS OFF VICTORIA: During October 1963-February 1964, the Australian newly-developed Port Phillip Bay (Victoria) scallop beds yielded 35,800 bags of scallops (611,000 pounds of meats). Those scallops are being marketed in Melbourne and exported (France being the best custom- er). Australia In past years Tasmania has been Austra- lia's main source of scallops with production reaching a record 1,257,076 pounds (worth AE160,000 or US$358,400 ex-vessel) in 1962. Production dropped to 978,864 pounds in1963, when the main season was four months. A meeting of licensed scallop and snapper long-line fishermen in Melbourne agreed to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 restrictions being placed on scallop dredging operations in certain areas of Port Phillip Bay during April, May, and September. The only areas in which scallop fishing will be al- lowed during those months are south of an imaginary line from Indented Head to Snapper Point, near Mornington, and north of a line from Point Cook to Green Point, near Brighton. Long-line fishermen who operate gear within the areas set aside for scallop dredging will do so at their own risk. The meeting was called by the Victorian Fisheries and Wildlife Department to find an acceptable solution to the possible conflict which might have devel- oped had the two fisheries both operated on the same grounds at the same time. The snapper long-line season opens on April 1 and is an established fishery of long standing. The most productive months of that fishery are during April, May and September. The snapper long-line season closes at mid- night on September 30. The scallop fishery is in its first year, having begun in September 1963. Previously no restrictions have applied to the scallop fishery in Victoria. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964.) HK OK KK ok NEW SCALLOP BED SHOWS PROMISE: East coast beds proved most productive in the opening weeks of the Tasmanian scallop season in May 1964. A new bed south of St. Helens showed most promise. Indications late in May were that the bed was more ex- tensive than previously thought, and would at- tract more vessels. go 209 40 Tasmania_} New Zealand, 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° About 60 vessels were expected to be dredg- ing east coast and D'Entrecasteaux beds when October 1964 Australia (Contd.): the season reached its peak. This is about 40 fewer vessels than last Season. The Sea Fisheries Division of the Tas- manian Department of Agriculture reported that rough weather marred the opening of the season in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel on May 14, and only 8 vessels put to sea. Thir- ty-three vessels worked beds on the east coast, Best scallop catches were in the St. Helens area where 30 to 40 bags a boat were landed. This improved to 100 bags a day for some boats in the second week of the season. Largest and best-conditioned scallops were taken from beds off Triabunna, also on the east coast. Yields were as high as 25 to 30 pounds of meats for a bean bag containing between 550 and 700 shell scallops. The early-season ex-vessel price for scallops was 2s.9d. (31 U.S. cents) a pound, out of which they paid 8d. (7 cents) a pound for splitting and cleaning. In April scallops were Selling for 4s.4d.(48.5 cents) a pound in Hobart. Most of the early season catch was sold on the local market, and top-quality scallops were packed for export. Tagging of 10,000 Port Phillip Bay scal- lops to obtain information about their growth rate, population density, mortality, and mi- gration is planned by the Victorian Depart- ment of Fisheries and Wildlife. Divers intend to tag in scallop beds in the Dromana, Sorrento, Portarlington, Corio Bay, Point Cook, and Mordialloc areas and a re- ward will be paid for returned tagged scallop shells. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, June 1964.) ie se ee oe FISHERY EXPORTS INCREASE: Australia is rapidly becoming one of the world's leading exporters of high-priced sea- foods, and for the financial year ending June 30, 1964, it was anticipated that exports of marine products would reach Af10 million (US$22.4 million). For the nine months ending March 1964, exports of marine products were valued at almost E6 million ($13.4 million) compared COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 with slightly more than £4.5 million ($10.1 million) for the same period in 1962/63. Ex- ports of marine products for the full year 1962/63 were almost £8 million ($17.9 mil- lion). For 1963/64 exports of spiny lobsters (both tails and whole cooked) were expected toreach E,7 million ($15.7 million) while shrimp ex- ports were expected to approach £1 million ($2.2 million), according to the Economic Sec- tion of the Fisheries Branch of the Depart- ment of Primary Industry. Interesting developments have been in- creased exports of molluscs, mainly scallops and abalone, which could amount to £150,000 ($336,000) for 1963/64, and the export of about 2,000 short tons of tuna. The items making up the balance of marine exports were pearls, pearl shell, whale products, and a small quan- tity of canned fish. United States, France, and Japan are the three main markets for marine products. Ex- ports to the United States for 1963/64 were expected to be about £6.3 million ($14.1 mil- lion), consisting of approximately £6 million ($13.4 million) of spiny lobsters, and the bal- ance mainly tuna and shrimp. Spiny lobster exports towards the end of 1963/64 were up about 9 percent from last year. Since there was a recovery in spiny lobster prices on the United States market, the actual value of the exports could exceed the estimate. Marine exports are now the third largest export trade item to France behind wool and hides. It is thought that for 1963/64 those exports will be worth about £900,000 ($2.0 million), consisting almost entirely of whole spiny lobsters (approximately £750,000 or $1.7 million) and scallops. Japan is Australia's main market for shrimp and exports for 1963/64 should reach almost £500,000 ($1.1 million). Pearls, and to a lesser extent pearl shell, are also sold to Japan in large quantities. (Australian Fisher- ies Newsletter, June 1964.) * OK OK OK OK NEW SOUTH WALES PLANS CHAIN OF SAFE FISHING PORTS: To link the whole of Australia's New South Wales coastline with a chain of safe fishing ports is the ultimate aim of that State's Gov- ernment. The plan also is regarded as a step . 52 Australia (Contd.): towards decentralization of the fishing indus - try, by providing facilities for its expansion, and paving the way for the development of processing plants and the creation of local employment. The wholesale value of the commercial fish catch in New South Wales averages be- tween AE3.0 million and 14.0 million (US$6.7 million and $9.0 million) a year, and the an- nual catch between 25 million and 30 million pounds of fish. To date expenditure of more than £1.3 mil- lion ($2.9 million) has been approved on im- provements to 7 fishing ports. Port works al- ready have beencompletedat Bermagui, Bruns- wick Heads, Evans Head, and Ulladulla; work is in progress at Tweed Heads and Crowdy Head, while the building of a breakwater at Eden has been authorized. In a number of coastal ports in the past, fishing vessels have been restricted in their operations by difficult entrance conditions and insufficient depth of water. In some cases vessels have only been able to leave port or return at high tide, and even then some times under dangerous conditions. The State Government's plan aims to over- come those difficulties by constructing break- waters, walls, and other associated harbor works so as to give safe entry at all stages of the tide. The New South Wales Government also is engaged in an improvement scheme for major ports, such as Newcastle, Port Kembla, and the Clarence River mouth. Announcing improvements to the fishing port of Eden, the New South Wales Minister for Public Works said that the greatly in- creased safety provided by the breakwater would encourage larger boats to operate from the port to exploit fishing grounds off the coast. ‘It would allow the fleet of 40 vessels to operate on amore efficient basis," he said. Eden is one of the major New South Wales fishing ports with an annual catch worthmore than £500,000 ($1.1 million). With the devel- opment of the tuna fishery based in that port, the catch is likely to increase in value. (Aus- tralian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964.) pa) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 Brazil WHALING OPERATIONS OFF BRAZIL: The Japanese whaling vessel Daishin Maru No. 1 is reported to be making good whale __ Catches in the Atlantic Ocean off the Brazilian coast. The vessel, which commenced opera- tions from a base in Brazil on June 18, 1964, is reported to have caught a total of 100 sei whales as of July 27, 1964. = ears Havana ¢ S Sp JAMAICA N T King, POEL ~San Prato Cs Ll de 1 ingston Prince Domingo y CARITBAFAN SEA e ATLANTIC 4 pa 1s GUA “al oO EAN gua sg 4 AS caneay Port-of-Spain > Panama @) = INIDAD & TOBAGO Pad ¢ VENEZUELS = ORITISH GUIANA eer, SURINAM. ‘ Bogo ‘G7~ FRENCH GUIAN, ° 1 bo| o inne y COLOMBIA - N ayes 4 f ‘ Amazonp ECUADOR Manaug 7 Belém R A Z I \ ER ( | “oY { Lima) 77 \ =| \ iS “i ey ‘Sao Paulo Antofagest e 7 4° Rio de Janairo The Brazilian-based whaling enterprise of another Japanese fisheries company is not con- ducting any whaling operations this year. (Suis- an Tsushin, July 31, 1964. Canada EXTENDED FISHING LIMITS DO NOT APPLY TO UNITED STATES FISHING VESSELS: In July 1964, Canada proclaimed fishing limits of 12 miles as described in the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act of Canada. However, the extended limits will not apply to United States fishing vessels on either the Pacific or Atlantic Coast. This means United States fishing vessels may con- tinue to fish up to the previously established 3-mile limit of Canadian territorial waters. Canada will also permit fishing vessels of France, Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, and Denmark to continue to fish in the 3-12 mile zone off Canada on the Atlantic Coast. The exemptions for the fishing vessels of the United States and the seven European countries were established by the Canadian Government through an order in Council, the text of which follows: ««Whereas negotiations have been under way with the Governments of the United States of America, France, Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, and Denmark re- specting fishing off Canada’s coast; October 1964 Canada (Contd.): «*And whereas the proclamation of the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act will extend to areas now fished by these countries the laws of Canada respecting fishing which apply to the territorial sea of Canada; ‘And whereas at the present stage of negotiations, and in order to facilitate their completion, it is expedient not to ex- tend the application of the laws of Canada respecting fishing to areas fished by the aforementioned countries. ‘Therefore, His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Fisheries, pursuant to section 4 of the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act, is pleased hereby to amend the Coastal Fisheries Pro- tection Regulations in accordance with the Schedule hereto, effective on the day fixed by proclamation of the Governor in Council as the day on which an Act respecting the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones of Canada, Chapter 22 of the Statutes of Canada, 1964, shall come into force. “1, The Coastal Fisheries Protection Regulations are amended by adding thereto the following section: ‘9, (1) Fishing vessels of United States of America are authorized to continue to fish in the fishing zones established by section 4 of the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act. (2) Fishing vessels of France, Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Norway and Denmark are authorized to continue to fish in the fishing zones on the Atlantic Coast of Canada estab- lished by section 4 of the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act.’ «2, The said Regulations are further amended by de- leting the words ‘Canadian territorial waters’ in sections 4, 5, and 6 and by substituting therefor the words ‘Canadian fisheries waters’.’’ Chile FISH MEAL INDUSTRY TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1964: All fish meal plants in northern Chile were reported to be operating in mid-1964, although the supply of anchoveta was somewhat irregu- lar. There have been sharp fluctuations this year in landings of anchoveta, the commer- cial fish of the Chilean reduction industry. Anchoveta virtually disappeared off the coast of Chile in March and did not return until mid-April. (The Chilean anchoveta fleet has a limited range since the vessels must be able to deliver their catch to the fish meal plants within a day, or carry ice which is not feasible.) Some 20 to 25 fish meal plants were oper- ating in northern Chile in mid-1964 as the industry continued to expand. The largest plant in Chile is the new facility at Arica which has a raw material capacity of 70 tons COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Fig. 1 = Boiler plant of a fish meal plant in San Antonio, Chile. per hour. The new plant's capacity will be expanded to 120 tons by September 1964. Fig. 2 - Bagging fish meal at a plant in San Antonio, Chile. The Chilean fish meal industry is support- ed by a purse-seine fleet numbering close to 200 vessels. The fleet consists mainly of modern steel vessels of 100 to 170 tons, equip- ped with echo-sounders, radio communication, and power equipment for handling nets. The Iquique shipyard (which began operating in 1961) laid the keel for its 100th vessel in June 1964, (United States Embassy, Santiago, July 24, 1964.) Denmark FISHERY PRODUCTS EXPORTS, JANUARY -JUNE 1964: Exports to All Countries: Denmark's total exports of fishery products and byproducts to all countries in the first half of 1964 increased 10 percent in value over the same peri- od in 1963, despite a 3-percent decline in quantity and a 5-per- cent drop in landings during the first 6 months of the year. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): Danish exports of fresh fish and frozen fish--the two most im- portant categories--increased 11 percent and 22 percent, re- spectively, in value. In the first half of 1964 prices were slightly better for fresh and frozen fishery products. Exports of herring fillets increased in value but those of round her- ring declined because of continued low prices in Germany. Danish exports of canned fish increased 13 percent in the first half of 1964, and fish oil exports tripled in value reflecting relatively high fish oil prices, but Denmark’s fish meal ex- ports dropped 10 percent. Exports to Economic Groups and Major Countries: The European Common Market (EEC) accounted for 43 percent of the value of Danish fishery exports, and the European Free Trade Association (EFT A) countries took 41 percent. How- ever, the EFTA increased its imports from Denmark by 24 percent while the EEC gained only 14 percent. Germany con- tinued as the largest individual importer, taking 27 percent of Denmark's fishery exports. Germany's importsfrom Den- mark of fresh and frozen herring decreased but larger imports of herring fillets, other marine fish, and pond trout added up to a total increase of 16 percent. The United Kingdom increased its imports by 32 percent, almost doubling the value of frozen fish fillets imported and also receiving greater direct land- ings by Danish fishing craft. Sweden and Italy increased their imports from Denmark about one-third but the United States imports dropped by 30 percent. Exports to the United States: Exports of Danish fishery products to the United States declined 42 percent in quantity and 30 percent in value during the first half of 1964 as com- pared with the same period in 1963. A 52-percent drop in the value of United States imports of Danish cod fillets (blocks) is ascribed to competition from lower-priced Canadian fishery products in the United States market and a substantially great- er demand by buyers in the United Kingdom. Denmark's in- ability to meet the United States market prices of Japanese trout was responsible for a 46 percent decrease in pond trout imports. Canned herring imports from Denmark were down 12 percent. However, Norway lobster imports from Denmark more than doubled and imports of Danish flatfish more than tripled. Table 1 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to all Countries, January-June 1964 and Year 1963 January-June 1964__| January-Dec. 19631/ Product Metric 1,000) US$ Metric | 1,000 Tons Kr. | 1,000 Tons Kr. }|1,000 Fresh, Frozen, & Cured: Fresh fish 94,231 Frozen ’’ 24,641 Salted °' 1,683 Smoked ’’ 297 162,368|23,543 | 200,519/314,100 45,545 84,340|12,229 | 46,538/152,097 22,054 6,319 916 9,945 4,414 640 517 5,507 1,952 Canned Products: Fish Shellfish 2,918 609 10,825) 1,570 4,565 662 Semipreserved Products Fish 695 Shellfish Other Products: Fish meal, solubles, en- silage, and trout food 29,064] 25,739] 3,732 | 72,507) 65,372] 9,478 a Total..... 154,572|305,290|44,267 | 339,316 |610,900\88,580 January-May 1964 |Fish oil 2/, .. . | 11,015] 12,994] 1,877] 20,754| 18,607 1/Record year for quantity and value. 2/Fish oil data are shown separately because they are collected by another Ministry and often are delayed. Note: One Danish krone equals US$0. 145. Source: Preliminary data from Ministry of Fisheries. Fresh & Frozen: Vol. 26, No. 10 Table 2 - Value of Danish Fishery Products Exports by Economic and Major Countries, January-June 1964 January-June 19642/ | January-Dec. 1963 Value US§ USS European Free Trade Assn. (EFTA- including Finland) East Bloc countries Other countries 225,000 Poe 30,000 4,350 114,500 16,603 629,500 91,278 159,000 109,000 59,000 39,000 36,000 46,500 126,000 12,000 _ 36,000 305,000 Major Importers by Country: West Germany 81,000 United Kingdom 58,000 Sweden 40,000 Italy 22,000 Switzerland 20,000 United States 14,000 Table 3 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to the United States, January-June 1964 January-June 1964 |January-Dec. 1963 Qty.1 Value Qty. Value Metric |1,000} US$ | Metric} 1,000) US$ Tons Product Fillets: Cod Other fillets Pond Trout Flatfish 2/ Norway lobster Other Cured Products: Salted & Smoked 3/ 21 Canned Products: Herring & sprat Shrimp Mussels Other Semipreserved products Total exports |1/Preliminary~ 2/Mostly turbot, brill, plaice, and sole. 3/Mostly cod, salmon, eels. Future production of Jutland cod fillets are expected to be less available to United States buyers than those from Born- holm, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland, because of the de- mand for local processing into consumer and institutional packs of breaded fillets, sticks and portions. A larger production of pond trout (possibly 10 to 20 per- cent) is expected this fall and next year. The increase is a result of a greater survival of fingerlings due to lower loss from disease, resulting from raising the fingerlings in con- crete rather than earthen ponds, and the use of dry food in- stead of wet food. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, July 29, 1964.) kK ok ok October 1964 Denmark (Contd.): FISHERIES TRENDS: January-June 1964: LANDINGS: In the first half of 1964, landings in Danish ports by Danish vessels were down 12 percent from those in the same period of 1963 due mainly to a substantial decline in the catch of indus - trial fish. The Norway pout fishery has been a failure, and sand eel landings for the reduc- tion industry were down about 25 percent. The decline was partly offset by heavier local landings by Danish vessels of flatfish, her- ring, and brisling. In addition, foreign ves- sels (mainly Swedish) increased their land- ings (mostly herring) in Danish ports. Dan- ish vessels also increased their landings in foreign ports, which consist mainly of cod and plaice deliveries to England. Table 1 - Danish Fishery Landings, January-June 1964 with Comparisons Change from - 1964 9 jae | _ Quantity | [Landings in Danish Ports: By Danish vessels: Flatfishl/ ...... 32, 257 Soditteers a: coe crs 42,258 Codelike fish2/ ... 17, 665 Herring 3). '.) : o. 117,547 Brislingiysy-s i hss 4,071 1 Ee) OS eed 2,958 : 546 Pond trout «2... Other fish3/ .... Norway lobster .. . Shrimp . Mussel <2 ll @ els Other shellfish Starfish Total by Danish ves- sels in Danish ports By foreign vessels in Danish ports .. Total landings in Danish ports. ... Landings in Foreign Ports: By Danish vessels... 1/Plaice, flounder, dab, common sole, etc. 2/Haddock, coalfish, hake, ling, etc. 3/Mostly industrial fish such as sand eels, Norway pout, etc. oe PROCESSING: Danish production of proc- essed fishery products in January-June 1964 included substantial quantities of cod fillets, herring fillets, plaice fillets, and canned her- ring. Comparative production data for 1963 are not available, but export summaries in- dicate that more fish have been frozen, smoked, and canned in Denmark in the first half of 1964 than in the same period of 1963. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Table 2 - Danish Production of Processed Fishery Products, January-June, 1964 Metric Tons Canned: Herring & sprats «2.2 eseeecee 1,901 Mackerel tris a se eta le stale © oun « 325 Othex! fish Perse s | chai hehe Labs 3,011 Mussels 9 cictcueebobheye ober in 258 Other shellfish... - 2. alate 582 Semi-preserved: Herring & sprats - wee eee eevee Other fish Mussels sais Fresh & Frozen Fillets: COodiEs HM ee et eae ole) site tetohen ie Cod-like fishd/ ...... PIZIGe y's) = (se? sue see fe Other flatfish Herring 1... ce eeeereeccere Other fish vie cules! eile wits sl edsMe teitece Smoked: Herring & sprats Mackerel ... Eels . wwe . Salmon & trout ee Other fish and shellfish Miscellaneous: Force mea’ Salted herring Dry-salted cod . . ie ee @ Industrial Products: Meals) «, « OU aGhae ain ie eae Ensilage4/ .. 2. eee Solitbles) : cieye oe « 1/Haddock, coalfish, hake, ling, etc. 2/Groundfish, milk, and flour. 3/Excluding industrial products. 4/Chemically treated raw fish. ee eee ec sos, 0 ee e fenutia 5 <8 ane sees Caan er S) agrela. July-August 1964 (Preliminary): Danish landings in July 1964 were substantial, but ex-vessel prices showed some decline. De- spite a good export market, Danish process- ing plants were unable to handle the increased supplies because most of their workers began vacations in July. One of Denmark's largest processing plants opened an affiliated plant in West Germany in August 1964 in order to avoid European Eco- nomic Community (EEC) tariffs on fishery products sold in the EEC countries. Initially, production at the new plant will consist of semipreserved fishery products but eventual- ly all types of processed fishery products will be produced at the new West German facility. The greater part of the raw material for the plant will be obtained at Danish fishing ports. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Western Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 12, 1964.) me OK OK HK OK 56 Denmark (Contd.): FREEZERSHIP-TRAWLERS BUILT FOR SOVIET UNION: The M/S Geizer, the final vessel in an- other series of four freezership-trawlers ordered by V/O Sudoimport, Moscow, from a Danish shipyard in Copenhagen, was chris- tened on August 5, 1964. It will be the 28th freezer vessel delivered to the Soviet Union by the Copenhagen shipyard since 1932. The specifications and other particulars of the Geizer (91 meters long, 2,550 deadweight tons, and accommodations ‘for a crew of 106) are similar to those of the Grumant, Golf- strim, and Skazachnik Andersen launched earlier in 1964. Shows the eat RETR M/S Gus in construction te aaee at a Copenhagen shipyard. In September 1963, the Danish shipyard completed Soviet delivery of a previous series of four freezership-trawlers. Four more are to be delivered in 1965. Four additional ves- sels for delivery by the end of 1966 were ordered from Copenhagen by the Soviets in June 1964 at a cost of about Kr.25 million (US$3.6 million) each. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 Some of the new Soviet freezerships oper- ate out of Murmansk and Vladivostok off the Siberian north coast and in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, according to Danish news - paper reports. They serve as motherships for trawlers catching cod, flatfish, and ocean perch, acting as a link in the freezer chain which ends in the Soviet retail outlets. Onthe freezership, which also may act as a stern trawler, the catch is mechanically headed and gutted, before being packed in blocks for freez- ing. Mechanization has made it possible to freeze 50 metric tons of blocks per day with 4men. The new freezerships also carry a fish meal plant with a daily capacity of 30 tons of raw material. Cod livers are rendered in- to cod-liver oil in a separate plant. The fro- zen fish are either taken to receiving ports by the freezerships or delivered at sea to trans- port vessels. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 12, 1964.) % OR OK OK TESTS INDICATE ARTIFICIAL "SEAWEED" MAY HELP PROTECT SHORELINE: A Danish firm has developed an artificial "Seaweed'' and conducted an experiment with the material in an attempt to control currents and waves, thereby protecting the shoreline. The results of that experiment attracted the interest of the Danish Maritime Board which has scheduled further tests with the artificial "seaweed." The objective of the experiments is to re- tard bottom currents by the use of an artifi- cialobstacle. The artificial''seaweed,"' usedas the obstacle, consists of polyesterene strings which are tied together and weighted at one end. That permits the other end of the string to wave and float about in the currents, thus retarding the flow. The polyesterene string has a density of about 0.9 which gives it a tendency to float. The first experiment with the artificial ''seaweed'' by the manufacturing company resulted in the deposit of almost 3,000 tons of sand over a period of 12 weeks in a 1,600-square-meter area along the west- ern coast of Jutland. Plans called for a test by the Danish Mari- time Board to begin in late July 1964 off the western coast of Jutland in an area where the Atlantic surf has been washing away the coast- al area. The Maritime Board test was to take place between two concrete jetties extending October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Denmark (Contd.): into the Atlantic Ocean. The purpose of the test is to protect the shoreline by building up up sand deposits near the end of the jetties which are about 300 meters apart. Between the jetties, 10 lines of rope were to be laid about 14 meters apart. The ropes were to be weighted and the polyesterene artificial seaweed’ was to be tied to the ropes. In the new tests, the polyesterene strings used have more resemblance to a flat ribbon than those used in the first test by the manufacturing company. It was expected that the flat ribbon design would set up more resistance to the flow along the ocean bottom. The artificial polyesterne ''seaweed'' has been patented by the Danish manufacturing company which has signed agreements giving a United States oil firm an option on the pat- ent. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 24, 1964.) Fiji Islands JOINT JAPANESE-BRITISH TUNA BASE IN FIJI ISLANDS COMPLETED: The joint British-Japanese tuna base at Levuka, Fiji Islands, opened in early August 1964. The base is beginning operations with 17 fishing vessels, but plans to eventually in- crease that fleet to 26 vessels. Shore facilities include a 2,000-ton cold- storage warehouse, a 60-ton freezing unit, a 30-ton ice-making plant, and a 600-ton ice- storage facility. Annual landings of 9,650 metric tons at the new base have been fore- cast, of which 6,750 tons are expected to be exported and 2,900 tons shipped back to Ja- pan. The base has a frozen tuna export quota of 9,000 short tons. (Suisancho Nippo, August 6, 1964, and other sources.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 59, March 1964 p. 53. Ghana TECHNICAL FISHERY SERVICE AGREEMENT MADE WITH JAPAN: Ghana, which in February 1964 contracted to purchase ten 1,850-ton trawlers and two 1,850-ton carrier vessels from a Japanese fishing firm, in July 1964 made arrangements to receive technical fishery service from the Japanese firm for the operation of those ves- sels. The agreement was to be formalized when the Ghanaian Minister of Commerce and the president of the Ghanaian Fisheries Cor- poration visited Japan in early August. About 50 Japanese crews, including the captain and the engineer, were to board the first fishing vessel to be delivered to Ghana in August this year. The second vessel is scheduled for completion by the end of this year, the third, in in June 1965, with final completion of all ves- sels scheduled for 1967. Under an ambitious program to expand her fishing fleet, Ghana is also reported to have ordered a large number of fishing vessels from other countries. They include six1,800- ton trawlers ordered from Norway, two 500- ton trawlers from Great Britain, and 18 trawl- ers (ten 60-ton two-boat trawlers and eight 200-ton trawlers) from the Soviet Union. Prior to this, Ghana purchased three 1,000-ton side trawlers from the Soviet Union and two stern trawlers from Great Britain, all of which are already in service. Under technical service agreements concluded with those two countries, 15 Russian crews are aboard the vessels built by the Soviet Union and 3 British nationals are serving aboard the British-built trawlers. (Suisancho Nippo, July 29, 1964.) Greenland FAROESE FISHING RIGHTS IN GREENLAND WATERS TO BE RENEGOTIATED: Faroese fishing rights in Greenland waters will be considerably reduced in 1967 unless a fishing rights agreement concluded in 1959 is renewed. In the summer of 1964, plans were announced for negotiations between the 2 coun- tries to determine the future of the agreement. Greenland had expected the present agree- ment to lead to close cooperation with Faroese fishing interests, thereby providing a supply of raw material for the developing fish-proc- essing industry in Greenland. It was also hoped that the Faroese would train Greenland fishermen in the use of modern fishing meth- ods. It seems, however, that those expecta- tions have not been completely fulfilled. It is claimed that £5 million (US$14 mil- lion) has been invested in the development of 58 Greenland (Contd.): fish-processing plants in Greenland. Those plants are threatened with a shortage of fish. It is expected that Greenland will insist ona much larger supply of fish from Faroese fishing vessels if the present fishing agree- ment between the two countries is extended beyond 1967. (The Fishing News, June 26, 1964.) ee > Z Se SHRIMP FISHING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY: The U. S. Trade and Industrial Develop- ment Mission to Central America and Pana- ma has described the following shrimp fish- ing investment opportunity in Guatemala: Guatemala A family-owned shrimp fishing enterprise, wishing to expand operations, is seeking a joint venture with United States fishing inter- ests. The Guatemalan firm holds one of the limited number of shrimp fishing licenses issued by the Guatemalan Government. The firm wants to purchase additional vessels and build a wharf on land which it holds under long-term lease. An investment of about US$300,000 would be required. The current net worth of the company is declared to be $78,800. The firm's volume of business is reported to average around $280,000 a year. In 1962, the company produced 247,000 pounds of shrimp, 88,000 pounds of fish, and 9,000 pounds of other fishery products. For additional details write: Guillermo Matheu Bacohar, 7a Calle 9-21, Zona 1, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Correspondence should include the reference: IR 2. (Interna- tional Commerce, August 17, 1964, U. S. De- partment of Commerce.) SS EN Gd ENS en JOINT JAPANESE-GUATEMALAN SHRIMP OPERATIONS: The joint Japanese-Guatemalan shrimp enterprise established at Champerico, Guate- mala, is annually producing 1,000 metric tons of frozen shrimp. Most of the production is exported to the United States, principally to New York and Los Angeles, and a small por- tion is sold on the domestic market. Small shrimp are also exported to Japan. The joint COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 shrimp base, which is operating at full ca- pacity, is said to be unable to increase pro~ duction beyond the present level because of the limited capabilities of its shrimp fishing fleet. A fleet of 30 wooden shrimp trawlers (52- 72 gross tons each), equipped with high-speed engines and mechanical refrigeration, are in operation. Each trawler is jointly manned by a five-man Japanese-Guatemalan crew, with the Japanese holding positions of captain and engineer. Catch per two-week trip averages 2-3 tons, but at times runs as high as 5 tons. (Suisancho Nippo, August 14, 1964.) Iceland SALMON FARM INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY: An Icelandic firm has been carrying out scientific experiments in the development of a unique crossbreed of salmon (Salmo trutta islandia). The firm is. now seeking additional capital to develop commercial salmon farms. The firm, which is presently capitalized at $35,000, plans a number of relatively small installations, rather than one large fish-rear~- ing center, both for the accessibility of fresh water and to minimize the danger of disease in the fish. It is estimated that in about 2 years the first section of the planned installa- tion would produce 100 tons of salmon a year, with total production gradually increasing to around 1,500 tons a year. It is anticipated that the new breed of salm=- on will enjoy a good demand from institutional users in the United States and European lux=- ury resort areas. United States firms inter- ested in participating in the development of the salmon farms on a joint venture basis with the Icelandic firm may obtain additional infor~- mation by writing to the Bureau of Internation- al Commerce, Office of International Invest=- ment, File 5-0989-1-S, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. He A OK OK XS FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: 1964 1963 . «(Metric Tons)... - Rs os eh be 88, 607 71,530 ER Ey (see cen te IS 17, 828 16, 590 aN Baars Smee ep eateae 8, 330 3, 166 (Table continued on next page.) October 1964 Iceland (Contd.): January-March 1963 - (Metric Tons). ... Ling Wolffish (catfish) Halibut Herring Shrimp Capelin Note: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964; att How Utilized Jantary=March 1964 1963 » « e (Metric Tons)... . Herring2/ for: Oil and meal Freezing Salting Fresh on ice Freezing and filleting .... Salting Stockfish (dried unsalted) . . Canning Home consumption Oil and meal Capelin for: Freezing Oil and meal Shrimp for: Freezing 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish. Source: Aegir, June 15, 1964. India JOINT JAPANESE-INDIAN FISHING FIRM CONCENTRATES ON SHRIMP: A joint fishing venture established in India almost 10 years ago by a large Japanese fish- ing company and an Indian firm is reportedto be directing its main effort to shrimp fishing. Initially, the base commenced operations as a trawling base for bottomfish such as redsnap- per, croaker, and Spanish mackerel, but sev- eral years ago it began to concentrate on shrimp fishing following the discovery of good shrimp grounds off Cochin. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 Seven shrimp trawlers (from 15 to 75 gross tons) are operating out of that base. Produc- tion per vessel reportedly runs as high as 500 boxes (33 lbs. per box) per day. Large shrimp are mostly frozen and exported to the United States, Europe, and Japan. The joint firm is planning on adding 10 shrimp trawlers to its fishing fleet. Trawl operations for bottomfish are being conducted with the company's two-boat trawl- er based at Bombay. The vessel is manned jointly by Japanese and Indian crewmen. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, August 10, 1964.) | Italy JAPANESE FROZEN TUNA SALES TO ITALY IMPROVING: Japanese frozen tuna sales to Italy, which had sharply declined in the second quarter of 1964, were reported improving as of late July, with active offers being made by Italianpack= ers. Tuna packing in Italy, which had been partly reduced or completely suspended due to the unfavorable foreign exchange situation in that country, was back in full swing at most of the plants as a result of large canned tuna orders placed by the Italian armed forces. Italian offers for Japanese tuna were being made at US$300 a metric ton for yellowfin and US$275 a metric ton for big-eyed, c.i.f. Italy. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, July 24, 1964.) se cle see sk ok mw OK OOK OK OK JOINT JAPANESE-ITALIAN TUNA VENTURE: A Japanese fishing company in July 1964 was authorized by the Japanese Fisheries Agency to participate in a proposed joint tuna venture with an Italian firm. The Japanese firm is to contribute the equivalent of 30 mil- lion yen (US$83,333) of the total capital invest- ment of 100 million liras (US$160,000) for the enterprise, which will be established in Italy. The venture includes the operation of a 1,500- ton two-portable boat-carrying tuna mother- ship, to be built in Italy. However, since the vessel construction has not yet been started, it appears likely that this venture will not go into full-scale operation until the summer of 1965. The Japanese firm will conduct the fishing operations and the Italian partners will sell . 60 Italy (Contd.): the catches to Italian packers. Annual produc= tion of tuna is expected to total around 2,000 metric tons. (Suisancho Nippo, July 29, 1964) % OK Ok OK 3k MARINE OIL FOREIGN TRADE, 1962-1963; Italy's foreign trade in marine oils in1962 and 1963 consisted almost entirely of incom=- ing shipments as exports were insignificant. Italian imports of marine oils (other than liver oils) in 1963 were down 16.5 percent from those in the previous year due mainly to a sharp drop in shipments from the Neth=- erlands. Italian imports of marine liver oils Italy's Foreign Trade in Marine Oils, 1962-1963 Commodity and Country of Origin or Destination [i963 | 1962 | 171963 | 1962) Marine Fats and Oils other than liver oils): inland West Germany ‘ Norway? oe wtietieitalisl ete Netherlands United Kingdom ies Morocco ee eee 1 1 i United Kingdom .... 40 6 Total marine liver oils 1,478 1, 365 Pe ee 1/Export data for 1963 limited to January October period. in 1963 showed a modest gain from the previ- ous year. (United States Embassy, Rome, April 13, 1964.) wrespetetbooeeboe#ed SV Oo oo DP Oe We Total marine fats and oils (other than liver oils) Marine Liver Oils: Finland France Ivory Coast PLANS FOR FISHERY DEVELOPMENT: Developments and plans for expansion of the commercial fisheries of the Ivory Coast were outlined in a feature article titled ''Im- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 portant Expansion of Industrial Fishing Plan- ned to Satisfy Growing Demand for Fish," published this past summer in Abidjan's local daily newspaper Matin. A translation of the article follows: "As a result of technical development, tra- ditional fishing is being replaced more and more by industrial fishing. This is a result of progress and wealth. A great change has taken place from the pirogues to fishing boats, who now go fishing with a maximum of safety. Without these new techniques, it would be im- possible to venture to the offshore fishing banks, since fishing is more or less hazard- ous. Fish are seldom seen during the rainy season; the temperature is too low at the sur- face of the sea, pushing the fish to the deeper water. "Fishing will become an important indus- try in the future. The Director of the Fishing Port released the following information about the development of industrial fishing in the Ivory Coast, the creation of an Ivoirien fish- ing fleet being the objective: "Fishing Boats and Production: There are now 67 fishing boats in Abidjan. Production in 1963 was between 30,000 and 35,000 tons, valued at 45 CFA per kilo on the dock (approx. 8.2 U.S. cents per pound), or a total value on the dock of 1,350,000,000 to 1,575,000,000 CFA (approx. US$5.4 million to 6.3 million). To this must be added production from the tradi- tional fishery of 15,000 tons of a value of 675,000,000 CFA (US$2.7 million). " Projects: 1. Modernization of the fish- ing fleet. "2. Creation of a joint company; The 'Fonde d' Aide et de Cooperation' (FAC) will finance 300,000,000 CFA (US$1.2 million). "3. Construction of three fishing vessels for sardine and tuna to be equipped for freezing. "Two private companies have already bought fishing vessels equipped for freezing. They will fish in the high seas, using the new 'pelag- ic trawl' and the purse seine for tuna. The "pelagic trawl' will protect the deep-sea life. “Traditional Fishing: For the small fisher- men, Some 10-ton fishing vessels built local- ly and equipped with Diesel engines will re- place the motorized pirogues. These boats can be operated by Ivoirien fishermen with October 1964 Ivory Coast (Contd.): little training and are not too expensive (3 to 4 million CFA) (approx. US$12,000 to $16,000). "The Fishing Service of the Ivory Coast will get another fishing vessel for sardine and tuna, equipped with freezing facilities, and some fishermen will be trained on board as has been done before on the Reine-Pokou. "Research Must be Directed to the Mi- grating Banks: The research directed to the migrating banks will provide continuous knowl- edge of the best fishing areas and the catching methods to be used. "Construction of a Cold Storage: The fish market is very irregular in the Ivory Coast, and trade is very difficult. The Ivoirien Gov- ernment has decided on the construction of a large cold-storage plant to help to stabilize the price of fish. The characteristics of the cold-storage are: 50 tons of ice per day; 400 tons of storage capacity at 0° C. (32° F.); 60 tons of freezing capacity; de 500 to 3,000 tons of storage capacity at -20° C. (-40° F.); and 350 tons of fresh frozen food at less than en Ge "Expansion of Fish Distribution Facilities: This new cold-storage plant is the first step of a commercial fish distribution system for all of the Ivory Coast and the Upper Volta. At the end of this year the company 'Franco- Ivoirienne,’ equipped with a freezer vessel of 55 meters (about 170 feet) in length, will produce 300 to 400 tons of fish monthly, fro- zen and packed in 23-kilogram cartons about 50 pounds. These will be sold locally and al- so delivered by trucks or by rail to the prin- cipal cities of the Ivory Coast. ""A Smoke- Curing City Fish Factories: Smoke-curing is in tie i long run the cheapest method of preservation, A project ofa ‘City of Smoke-Curing' is being studied. It will in- clude 500 smoke-curing facilities and anarea on which workers' housing will be built. "There are already two tuna canneries which produce 40 tons of products daily. A project calling for a factory of 50 tons daily capacity will be realized soon. This plant will produce fish meal for human consump- tion andfor animal consumption, and fishoils for industrial uses. "At last we can say that the fishing indus- try in the Ivory Coast will see very important developments in the near future." COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 The United States fishery observer in Abid- jan reports that most of the plans described in the article are proceeding. The new'' Port de Peche" (Fishing Port) had been open for several months for unloading purposes, and construction of the cold-storage plant was about 25 percent completed. The vessel for the Fishing Service referred to in the article is the research and training vessel provided by the U. S. Agency for International Develop- ment which was expected to be delivered ina few months. According to local Ivory Coast reports, the beginning of a fish distribution system as de- scribed in the article should take place in the fall of 1964, probably using the existing rail- road (with terminus at Ouagadougou, Upper Volta) as the first means of transportation, with refrigerated trucks to come later. The two factories mentioned are the two small tuna canneries now existing (one cans pine- apple in season and tuna when plentiful). Plans for a larger tuna cannery at the new "Port de Peche" are on paper, but are prob- ably a little further away in actual realization than the other developments. (Fisheries At- tache, United States Embassy, Abidjan, Au- gust 18, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 70. ‘ber Japan EXPORT VALIDATIONS FOR FROZEN TUNA AND TUNA LOINS TO U.S. January-July 1963-64: Japan's export validations of frozen tuna and cooked frozen tuna loins to the United States during January- July 1964 totaled 63,329 short tons, an in- crease of 21,267 short tons (50 percent) as compared with exports during the same peri- od in 1963. Albacore exports increased 90 percent, yellowfin 18 percent, skipjack 18 percent, and tuna loins 68 percent. Exports of big-eyed tuna declined 13 percent. Only 1 short ton of bluefin tuna was exported during the period, compared with 374 short tons ex- ported in 1963, Japanese tuna industry sources attribute the heavier than normal frozen tuna exports to the United States for the first six months in 1964 as compared with last year's ship- ments during this period to: (1) good supplies of summer albacore caught off the coast of Japan, and (2) lack of demand for tuna by the Japanese tuna canning industry because of the 62 Japan (Contd.): Japan’s Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U.S., Jan.-July 1963-64 1964 Trans- Direct|shipped] Total Species .(Short Tons). Albacore, round Yellowfin: Round Giiled & Gutted: 20/100 lbs. 100 lbs. up Drsd. with tail Fillets Total Big-eyed: Gilled & gutted COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 Japan's Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U. S., June 1964 and January-June 1963-64 June 1964 Trans- shipped Total Jan.-June 1964 Jan.-June 1963 Trans-| 7 otal Trans-|rotaj Direct | shipped Direct shipped . (Short Species Direct Tons). Albacore: Round 2,890}10,224] 13,199 23,423] 4,129/11,970 455 455 16,099 Yellowfin: Round 78 2) 606 = 10,332 | 2,392 164] “- Gilled & Gutted: Drsd. with tail Fillets Total Bluefin fillets 8 2,800 2,808 Skipjack, round 70) 2,312 Loins: Albacore = 2,117) 1,111 - Yellowfin - 2,329) 1,537 3 Bluefin =) - = = =! 4,446) 2,648 = 2,648 6,238 4,446| = | 36,506) 26,823 sluggish market in the United States for tuna canned in brine. Direct shipments of round albacore increased from 4,424 short tons dur- ing January-July 1963 to 15,649 short tons in 1964, an increase of 254 percent; direct ship- ments of yellowfin increased 40 percent. Fro- zen tuna validated for export during January- July 1964 amounted to 78 percent of the total exported for the entire year in 1963. (Fish- eries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 19, 1964.) 63,329|18,899 23,223 42,062|1/a0,797 ok OK Ok Kk OK January-June 1963-64: Japan's export validations of frozen tuna and cooked frozen tuna loins to the United States during January- June 1964 totaled 48,434 short tons, an in- crease of 28 percent as compared with 37,948 short tons for the same period in 1963. Of the total shipments of 48,434 tons authorized to be shipped during that period in 1964, al- bacore amounted to 23,423 tons or 48 percent, yellowfin 18,398 tons or 38 percent, skipjack 2,781 tons or 6 percent, and tuna loins 3,710 tons or 8 percent. The shipment of big-eyed tuna authorized was very small. In January-June 1963, the percentage ex- ported by species was: albacore 42 percent, 20/100 lbs, 3,480 /12,119 1,996 |14,115 12,724 100 lbs. up 284] 1,281 - 1,281 164 Drsd, with tail 227 25] 2,335 | 2,360 2 2,919 | 2,919 Fillets iF = = 33 3 36 195 93 = Total 3,702 367 4,069/13,458 4,940 18,398)10,601 5,859 |16,550 Big-eyed: Gilled & gutted 3 = = 3 5 5 20 24 Drsd, with tail = 55 55 = 79 739 = 199 199 Fillets 30 1 31 37 1 38 6 36 42 Total 30 56 86 37 85 122 26 239 265 Bluefin = = 2 = = = = 374 374 pjack: Round = 909 909 8 2,773 | 2,781 70) 2,312 | 2,382 Loins: i Albacore 415 415) 1,854 a 1,854 881 Z 881 Yellowfin 5 1,856} 1,397 = 1,397 Total Grand total Source: Japan Frozen Food Export Association. 3 3,710} 2,278 > 2,278 20,997 |48,434/17,194 | 20,754 |37,948 yellowfin 44 percent, skipjack 6 percent, and tuna loins 6 percent. Shipments of bluefin and big-eyed were very small. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 27, 1964.) RSet x Pcl tclsic aa ATLANTIC TUNA EXPORTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964; Japanese Atlantic-caught tuna exports ap- proved by the Japan Export Frozen Tuna Pro- ducers Association during January-June 1964 are shown inthe table. Transshipments of Atlantic tuna to the United States during that period totaled 19,887 short tons and exports Table 1 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Transshipments to the United States, January-June 1964 with Comparisons Species October 1964 Japan (Contd.): Table 2 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Exports to Italy, January-June 1964 with Comparisons (Metric Tons) . 3,090/1,574/1,286 1,893] 389} 911 Table 3 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Exports to Other} European & African Countries, January-June 1964 with Comparisons T1964 | 1963 - era | 5,212]5,500/ 3,597] 17,502 Country of Destination Yugoslavia Other European & African Countries 1/Quantity omitted due to misprint in the original Japanese article, , to Europe and Africa amounted to 24,983 met- ric tons. (Suisancho Nippo, July 10, 1964.) WOK OK OK 3K TUNA CANNERS AND EXPORTERS DISCUSS DROP IN EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA TOU. S:: The Japan Export Tuna Packers Associa- tion on August 12, 1964, held its fifth meeting to deliberate on ways and means of overcom- ing the slow movement of Japanese canned tuna in brine exports to the United States. At that meeting, the Association directors agreed to sell to exporters 900,000 cases of canned tuna in brine during the remainder of the busi- ness year (December 1963-November 1964)-- 450,000 cases during August and September, and 450,000 cases during October and Novem- ber. Prices were to be determined at the board of directors meeting. In an effort to stimulate exports to assure attainment of that target, the directors agreed to have the Can- ned Tuna Sales Company (representing can- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 ners) conduct sales directly with the 18 out- let firms belonging to the Canned Foods Ex- porters Association, instead of selling to the Association, which is the procedure normally used, Opinions within the Japan Foods Exporters Association on this latest canners!' offer were divided, one group favoring the idea and the other opposing it to the extent of even urging that the exporters torpedo the packers! plan. On August 14, the Tuna Subcommittee of the Exporters Association formed a countermeas- ures committee to study the canners' new sales plan since it felt that direct dealings between packers and exporters may create undue com- petition among exporters and may even disrupt market conditions. The countermeasures committee met on August 17 and 18, but the details of the meeting were not disclosed. However, it seems likely that the Association will go along with the canners'! offer of the 900,000 cases planned for export during the remainder of the business year. Meanwhile, the Exporters Association a- greed to provisionally export 35,000 cases of lightmeat tuna in brine packed in 4-lb. cans (6 cans to case). That shipment is part of the 80,000 cases of lightmeat tuna that had been scheduled for sale in July. Sales of the bal- ance of 45,000 cases (7-oz. 48's and 13-oz. 24's) were being witheld pending conclusion of a price agreement with the canners. (Suis - an Tsushin, August 12, 15, & 19; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 14, 1964.) Ee SE OES REDUCTIONS PROPOSED FOR CANNED TUNA EXPORT QUOTA AND PRICES: At a meeting between the Japan Canned Foods Exporters Association and the Japan Tuna Packers Association at Shimizu, Japan, in late July, the chairman of the Exporters Association's Tuna Committee proposed that the canned tuna export quota and packers! prices be reduced, In his proposals, which he described as his ''personal suggestions," he stated that the 2.5-million-case export quota canned tuna in brine for the United States market during the current business year (De- cember 1963-November 1964) was difficult to fulfill and that a more realistic export target would be 2 million cases. In this case, Japa- nese exporters would have to sell 925,000 cases to the United States during the remain- ing five months from July to November. By type of pack, he suggested that 585,000 cases of whitemeat tuna and 340,000 cases of light- 64 Japan (Contd.): meat tuna should be sold and advised that no substitution should be made in case a supply shortage occurs in either type of pack. Regarding canned tuna prices, he pointed out the need to substantially reduce prices in view of the present market situation in the United States. For whitemeat tuna he felt that the packers may have to continue grant- ing the $1 promotional allowance per case for the time being because of the large inven- tory the packers were carrying, which would preclude a price reduction at this time. But he urged the packers to reduce the canned lightmeat tuna prices by $1 a case for No. = (7-oz.) 48's and by 50 cents a case for 4-Ilb. (66-oz.) 6's. (Minato Shimbun, August 1, 1964) ee EX SLOW SALES OF CANNED TUNA STUDIED BY JAPANESE PACKERS AND EXPORTERS: Japanese tuna packers and exporters as of mid-July 1964, stated that Japanese canned tuna in brine exports to the United States were said to have reached a turning point, demand- ing drastic changes to cope with the slow ex~ port trade. Canned tuna sales transacted for export to the United States up to and includ- ing the sixth sale totaled 1,080,000 cases (850,000 cases of white meat tuna and 230,000 cases of light meat tuna). At that rate of sales, Japanese packers and exporters see little prospects of attaining the 2.5-million- case quota established for export to the Unit- ed States during the current business year (December 1963-November 1964) and are even uncertain that 1.7 million or 1.8 million cases could be exported by the end of the business year (November). Japanese tuna packers attribute the slow movement of Japanese products on the United States market to the extensive advertising by United States packers, as well as to the prob- lem of Japanese cannedtunaprices. Japanese packing industry representatives who toured the United States observed that major United States packers were conducting extensive promotional sales to boost sales. Japanese canned tuna in brine as of July 1964 were exported at f.o.b. Japan prices of US$10.50 a case for whitemeat tuna and $7.60 a case for light meat tuna. In the case of whitemeat tuna, the additional costs of freight, insurance, and broker's commission would in- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 crease the United States delivered price to $13.50 a case. In comparison, main United States brands of canned tuna were reported to be selling for $13-14 a case, private or other packers! labels for around $11 a case. (Suisancho Nippo, July 20; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 19, 1964.) KKK OK CANNED-TUNA-IN-OIL EXPORT PRICES TO CANADA, 1964: eee The Japan Canned Tuna Export Association set the fol- lowing ex-warehouse and f.o.b, prices for canned tuna inoil for export to Canada in 1964, Export of canned tuna in oil in can sizes other than those shown will be considered by the Association when the need arises. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 15, 1964.) Japan’s Export Prices for Canned Tuna in Oil to Canada, 1964 Price Per Case Category hite meat (solid) No. 1 (13-0z.)/24's No. 2 (7-0z.)/48’s hite meat (chunk) No. 1 (13-0z.)/24's No, 2 (7-0z.)/48’s ight meat (solid) No. 1 (13-0z.)/24's No. 2 (7-0z.)/48’s No. 3 (3-1/2-0z.)/48’s 2 kilos (4.4 lbs.)/6’s Light meat (chunk) No. 1 (13-0z.)/24’s No. 2 (7-0z.)/48's (flake) No, 2 (7-0z.)/48's 1/Ex-warehouse price does not include brokerage, shipping, labeling, or packing. ALBACORE TUNA CATCH IN ATLANTIC IMPROVING: More than half of the some 150 Japanese tuna vessels operating in the Atlantic Ocean this past summer were reported to be fishing off the South American coast, where albacore catches were said to be relatively good. Land- ings in that area were running about 70 per- cent albacore, 10-20 percent bluefin and big- eyed and less than 10 percent yellowfin. The prepunderance of albacore landings is saidto have created a favorable condition for tuna exports to the United States, and for that rea- son Japanese tuna exporters were closely watching albacore price developments in the October 1964 Japan (Contd.): United States market, particularly since alba- core export prices were said to be $10-15be- low the earlier trading price of US$335 a short ton, f.o.b. Port of Spain. (Suisan Tsu- shin, July 16, 1964.) OK OK OK JAPANESE GOVERNMENT TO EXPLORE FOR ATLANTIC TUNA: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is planning to charter the Fukushima prefecture-operated fishery guidance vessel Joban Maru (475 gross tons) to conduct tuna explorations in the At- lantic Ocean. The vessel was scheduled to depart Japan in early October 1964 on a two- months cruise to explore the waters fished by Japanese long-liners. The research objective of the vessel is to collect data on current, wa- ter and atmospheric temperatures, and other oceanographic conditions, as well as hook rates. Stations will be occupied on the lines connecting the points 27° W. longitude-20° N. latitude and 27° W. longitude-25°9 S. latitude, and the lines connecting the points 10° W. longitude-3° N, latitude and 10° W. longitude- Ze =A latitude. (Minato Shimbun, July 24, 1964, OK OK OK OK ATLANTIC TUNA FISHERY TRENDS, 1957-1964: Available catch statistics show that the to- tal Atlantic tuna catch by all countries amount- ed to less than 100,000 metric tons in 1957; however, by 1963 the catch had increased to " GLASS FLOAT eal com Ll POLE FLOAT LIN COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 nearly 200,000 tons. The increase was due mainly to an expansion of the Japanese Atlan- tic long-line fishery. Japan's Atlantic tuna catch increased rap- idly from 1957 (15,885 tons) to 1961 (82,251 tons), and then declined to 60,369 tons in1962 despite increased fishing effort. The decline in 1962 was due mainly to a poor catch of yel- lowfin (down from 52,631 tons in 1961 to 26,857 tons in 1962). Japan's 1963 Atlantic tuna catch was reported in trade journals to total about 93,000 metric tons. Estimates indicate Japan is now taking about half of the total Atlantic tuna harvest. The Japanese Atlantic tuna fleet increased from 26 vessels in 1957 to a reported 127 ves- sels in 1963 and an estimated 150-160 vessels in 1964. That increase, which showed partic- ularly sharp acceleration in 1963 and in1964, was due in large part to poor tuna fishing con- ditions in the South Pacific and Eastern Pacif- ic, resulting in a shift of Japanese vessels to the Atlantic. Japanese tuna fishing capability in the At- lantic in 1964 has been further developed by the establishment of two overseas fishing bases (Cape Verde Islands off the west Afri- can coast of Senegal, and St. Martin, Nether- lands Antilles, in the Caribbean Sea), Those developments mean that the Japa- nese catch (assuming ''normal'' fishing con- ditions) can likely be expected to increase by at least 10,000 metric tons in 1964. MAIN LINE oo o——_o o———_—___—_“2 BRANCH Awae [mae aap ais WIRE LEADER HOOK oe Diagram showing the component parts of a basket of tuna long-line fishing gear. ally used in assembling the different sections. ONE BASKET Insets illustrate knots that are gener- 66 Japan (Contd.): The growing Soviet interest in tuna fishing may have Significance for the Atlantic fishery. The U.S.S.R. is already engaged in experi- mental tuna fishing in the Indian Ocean and, according to press reports, has ordered five large tuna factoryships from Japan. The first of those factoryships, Leninskie Luchi (5,100 gross tons), which will carry six 20-ton port~ able boats, was launched in Japan in Jan- uary 1964. A second vessel is expected to become operational in fall 1964. The specific ocean assignment of those tuna factoryships, which likely will use long-line gear, are un- known. However, Soviet trawlers operating off the Atlantic coast are reported to be ob- serving the fishing techniques and operations of United States tuna purse-seine vessels. 2K 6 KK TUNA MOTHERSHIP FISHING TRENDS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC; A Japanese fishing company is planning on sending the tuna mothership Shinyo Maru (2,900 gross tons) to the South Pacific. The Shinyo Maru fleet, which has been assigned a production target of 5,000 metric tons, will operate in the vicinity of the Fiji Islands from October 1, 1964, until sometime in February 1965. During that period of the year, catch rates usually decline, so a larger number of catcher vessels will be assigned to the Shinyo Maru this year to assure a profitable trip. For a financially successful operation, it is said that each catcher vessel will have to land an average of 2.3 tons of fish per day. The tuna mothership Yuyo Maru (5,040 gross tons) as of July 1964 was operating in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW wai s A worker filleting a yellowfin tuna aboard a Japanese tuna mother- ship. coat Vol. 26, No. 10 the South Pacific off the Fiji Islands with good results. More than half of the 55 catcher ves- sels serving the Yuyo Maru were landing an average of at least 2.2 tons per day, 7 or 8 catcher vessels were averaging over 3 tons, and several were landing over 4 tons in 1 day. The catch was said to be predominantly yel- lowfin tuna. The Yuyo Maru expected to ful- fill her production target of 5,300 tons by the scheduled withdrawal date of September 25, 1964, (Suisancho Nippo, August 1, 1964.) 2K OK OK OK OK GOOD TUNA LANDINGS AT CAPE VERDE BASE OFF WEST AFRICAN COAST: Good tuna landings have been reported at Sao Vicente, Cape Verde Islands, where a storage and transshipment base was estab- lished in June 1964 by Japanese, Portuguese, and United States interests. A total of 993 tons of tuna were unloaded at the base during the period June 4-July 6, 1964, by six fishing vessels. Of that amount, over 700 tons were contracted for delivery to a Puerto Rican packing plant owned by the United States part- ners, about 250 tons were shipped to Japan, and a small quantity exported to Italy. The Cape Verde Islands tuna base is being served by 10 fishing vessels, and there are plans to increase that fleet to 25 vessels in 1964. The base has a cold=storage capacity of 700 tons, which will be increased to 1,800 tons upon completion of the refrigeration plant now under construction. (Suisan Tsu- shin, July 31, 1964.) Dey Sieh Ke) Ke) Sic TUNA RESEARCH COUNCIL TO BE FORMED: The Japan Fisheries Resource Conserva- tion Society is planning to form, within its organization, a tuna research group to be tentatively named the Tuna Resource Research Council. The Council, which will consist of 20 persons representing the Government, indus - try, and scientific community, will conduct in- dependent research on tuna resources for the purpose of better understanding the true state of the Japanese fishing industry. It will also assist industry in solving problems related to fishery resources. Its activities will be fi- nanced initially with funds obtained by assess- ing additional fees to members of the Fisher- ies Resource Conservation Society. (Suisan- cho Nippo, August 7, 1964.) October 1964 Japan (Contd.): TWO NEW TUNA PURSE SEINERS ON TRIAL RUNS: Two Japanese newly-built purse seiners (Kuroshio Maru Nos. 81 and 82, each of 140 gross tons) were undergoing trial runs off northeastern Japan in August 1964 in prepara- tion for mothership-type purse-seine opera- tions in the Atlantic Ocean. They were sched- uled to depart Japan for West African waters in early September to fish (primarily for skip- jack) off the coasts of Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, and Ghana for a period of two years. Catches will be delivered to the bases of United States tuna-canning firms in West Africa. The Japanese firm owning the seiners plans to operate the freezership Chichibu Maru No. 2 (1,700 gross tons) as the mother- ship. (Suisancho Nippo, August 18, 1964.) ee rae ee JAPANESE TUNA MOTHERSHIP CREW DISMISSED FOR DISTURBANCE ABOARD: All crew members, including the skipper, of the Japanese tuna mothership Showa Maru No. 1 (1,076 gross tons) were dismissed by the vessel owner. The vessel returned to Japan on June 25, 1964, one month earlier than scheduled, due to a disturbance aboard the vessel. The dismissal was on the grounds of neglect of duty. Investigation by the vessel's owner re- vealed that the disturbance was caused not by the crew members' dissatisfaction over wages, as had been originally suspected, but by acts of violence committed by some unruly crew- members. Those led to the deterioration of discipline on the vessel. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, July 11, 1964.) KK ke Ok JAPAN BUYS SALMON FROM ALASKA: According to Japanese press reports, the sale of Prince William Sound salmon to Japan (as proposed by Alaskan Governor Egan on July 15, 1964), was negotiated this past sum- mer with four Japanese fishing firms. The Alaskan salmon purchase by those four firms was approved by the Japanese Fisheries Agen- cy onJuly 18 after a careful study was con- ducted by the Agency to make certain that the sale did not conflict with the Tripartite Fish- eries Treaty (North Pacific Fisheries Conven- tion) and that it would not disrupt the Japanese domestic market. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 The four Japanese fishing firms made ar- rangements to dispatch refrigerated vessels to Prince William Sound to receive the catch- es for shipment back to Japan, The quantity of salmon involved was 9,000- 10,000 short tons. Evidently, this quantity was the basis on which the Japanese firms decided to dispatch 8 vessels with a total holding ca- pacity of close to 11,000 tons. Purchase prices agreed upon between the Alaska Fishermen's Union and Japanese buy ers were 10.5¢ a pound for pink salmonand 84¢ a pound for chum salmon. Japanese buyers were also to pay the Alaskan State tax of 1.6¢ per fish and, in addition, transportation charges ie = a Ste esees —— The Japanese refrigerated vessel Akebono Maru No. 71 (a new vesselon its maiden voyage) docked at Cordova, Alaska, before moving out to buy salmon from United States fishermen in the Prince William Soundarea. Of 1,470 gross tons, the vessel is one of the smaller vessels assigned to buy Alaska salmon. of 1.5¢ per fish if distance from the fishing ground to the Japanese receiving vessels ex- ceeded 15 miles. Those prices are said to approximate the delivery prices agreed upon between Japanese salmon catcher vessel own- ers and salmon mothership operators, Practically all the pinks (the bulk of the purchase) were expected to be packed for ex- port because of greater profits gained by packing, and all the chums were expected to be salted or frozen and sold on the Japanese domestic market. The four Japanese fishing firms involved in the purchase agreed to pack all pink salm- on purchases only for export to European countries, in order to avoid friction with Unit- 68 Japan (Contd.): ed States packers. It was planned that pack- ing of Alaskan pinks would not begin any ear- lier than November 1964, so until then the fish were expected to be kept frozen in cold stor- age. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, July 20; Suisan- cho Nippo, July 21 & 22, 1964; Suisan Tsushin, July 22, 1964.) SALMON PURCHASES FROM ALASKA AS OF AUGUST 7, 1964: The four Japanese companies engaged in buying Prince William Sound salmon from Alaskan fishermen received deliveries total- ing 5,600 tons of salmon as of August 7, 1964. By species, they consisted of 70 percent pink, close to 20 percent chums, and a small quan- tity of reds. (Suisancho Nippo, August 12, 1964.) me ms Sh ae ES ALASKAN SALMON SALE TO JAPAN COMPLETED: The sale of Alaska Prince William Sound fresh salmon to the Japanese ended on August 14, 1964. An estimated total of 7,400 tons of fresh salmon was delivered to the refriger- ated vessels of the four Japanese fishing firms purchasing the fish. By species, they consist- ed of close to 80 percent pink, 20 percent chum, and small quantities of red and silver salmon. While deliveries exceeded the 6,000 tons reportedly guaranteed by the Alaskan sellers, the quantity was considerably below the 11,000 tons of vessel-carrying capacity provided by the purchasers. Of the 8 Japanese vessels that were re- ported as having withdrawn from Prince Wil- liam Sound, 4 returned to Gulf of Alaska wa- ters to resume trawl operations, and another trawler and a shrimp mothership resumed op- erations in the Eastern Bering Sea. (Suisan- cho Nippo, August 18, 1964.) SALMON, CRAB, AND BOTTOMFISH MOTHERSHIP FISHERIES IN NORTH PACIFIC FIND POOR FISHING: The 11 Japanese salmon motherships (ac- companied by 369 catcher vessels), operating in the North Pacific Ocean north of 45° N. latitude (Area A), were experiencing unusual- ly poor fishing as of late July 1964. Some COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 fleets were not expected to fulfill their pro- duction targets by the August 10 closing date. As of July 20, the total salmon catch was re- ported as slightly over 33,000 metric tons, or 74 percent of the mothership fleet target of 44,665 metric tons. By species, that catch consisted of approximately 15,000 tons of chum, 10,000 tons of red, 4,700 tons of silver, 3,000 tons of pink, and 800 tons king salmon. pone os ae eo Bane = ae thee Sea Fig. 1 = A type of Japanese fishery factoryship (accompanied by trawlers) that operates in the North Pacific and Bering Sea. The 14 Japanese bottomfish mothership fleets operating in the northern waters (Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea, and North Pacific Ocean) landed a total of 190,000 metric tons of bottomfish as of July 10. This was an in- crease of 60,000 metric tons over landings made during the same period in 1963. The production increase is due to the operation of one additional fish meal factoryship this year and to improved organization of fleet opera- tions. There has been a notable catch in- crease in Alaskan pollock, herring, rockfish, and cod, whereas the high-priced halibut and sablefish landings have fallen below 1963 pro- duction. The Japanese Fisheries Agency esti- mates that the total 1964 mothership-type bottomfish landings will likely come up to 400,000 metric tons, compared with approxi- —s Fig. 2 - Repairing crab baskets aboard a Japanese crab mother- ship. October 1964 Japan (Contd.): mately 310,000 metric tons landed in 1963, The 1964 mothership crab operations in the northern waters are reported to be prog- ressing satisfactorily. The two crab mother- ships operating in the Bristol Bay had packed a total of 150,000 cases of canned crab meat as of July 15, and were expected to attain their production goal of 235,000 cases by the end of September. By fleet, the Tokei Maru (5,835 gross tons) had packed 80,000 cases (produc - tion target 120,000 cases), and the Dainichi Maru (5,858 gross tons), 70,000 cases (pro- duction target 115,000 cases). The four crab mothership fleets operating off the western coast of Kamchatka Peninsula had packed a total of 197,000 cases as of July 15 orclose to 80 percent of their production target of 252,000 cases (3-lb. 48's). Productionby fleet is: Yo- ko Maru (9,800 gross tons), 53,000 cases; Kai- yo Maru (5,449 gross tons), 48,000 cases; Hakuyo Maru (6,372 gross tons), 46,000 cases; and Seiyo Maru (6,404 gross tons), 50,000 cases. (Suisan KeizaiShimbun, July 24, 1964.) * * OK SALMON MOTHERSHIP FISHERY FOR 1964 CLOSES WITH CATCHES SLIGHTLY UNDER TARGET: The 1964 Japanese mothership-type salm- on fishery in the North Pacific Ocean northof 45° N. latitude (Area A) came to a close on August 10, 1964, with catches by all fleets falling slightly below assigned targets. The combined fleet catch totaled 44,483 metric tons, 182 tons below the quota of 44,665 metric tons allotted tothe mothership salmon fishery. Composition of catch was reportedas: 41 per- cent chum; 30 percent red; 22 percent silver (including a small percentage of king); and 7 percent pink salmon. The 11 Japanese salm- on motherships engaged in the fishery were accompanied by 369 catcher vessels. (Shin Suisan Shimbun, August 17, 1964.) mK OK * OK se * NORTH PACIFIC MOTHERSHIP SALMON PRICES ADJUSTED: Negotiations between the Japan National Federation of Salmon Fishermen's Cooperative Associations (NIKKEIREN) and the Northern Water Salmon Mothership Council to estab- lish final salmon delivery prices resulted in a settlement on August 5, 1964. The final 1964 prices represent a straight 7-percent increase over 1963 prices and are for fresh whole salmon delivered by catcher vessels to the motherships. Following are the final Japanese North Pacific mothership 1964 salmon delivery prices with comparisons: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 Species 1964 Prices U.S. Cents/1b. 1963 Prices Yen/kg.| U.S. Cents/1b. Red Chum Pink Silver The newly negotiated price agreement replaces the provi- sional flat 5-percent increase agreed to on May 15, 1964, by NIKKEIREN and the mothership companies. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 6; Suisan Tsushin, August 6, 1964.) Editor’s note: We have had several inquiries concern- ing the seemingly high prices for salmon paid to the Japa- nese fishermen. We have checked our sources carefully and believe the published prices are reliable. Despite the high cost of the raw product to the Japanese packers, we believe they are able to maintain their competitive position on the world canned salmon market for the following rea- sons; 1. Labor cost: The labor cost is very low. For example, our understanding is that the workers on the Japanese motherships receive an average salary of about $145 a month. At shore-based plants in Hokkaido, the cannery workers, mostly women, are provided, in addition to room and board, a monthly salary ranging from $20-30 a month. 2. Meat recovery: Recovery of meat per pound of fish is believed to be higher in Japan than in the United States. For example, meat attached to the head section is recov- ered manually by the Japanese and canned as "tid-bits," 3. Utilization of byproducts: Japanese packers pack salmon caviar incidentally to their canning operations. The value of this product, which has a special market in Japan, is reported to be substantial. For example, in 1963 processed pink salmon roe (caviar) is said to have sold for $4.00 a pound on the wholesale market. First grade roe of other species sold for about $20-25 a pound. The fact that Japan has arranged to obtain salmon roe from United States canneries further attests to the economic value of that product. Another byproduct is salmon carcasses. For ex- ample, on the motherships, scraps remaining from the canning operations are processed for later conversion into fertilizer. 4, Other products: Large quantities of pink and chum salmon are salted. The return to the packer on the salted product compares favorably to that for the canned product. Smoked salmon is becoming a popular item in Japan. Smoked red salmon has a ready market in West Germany and the United Kingdom. The return to the producer on this specialty item is reported good. KOK OK OK OK EXPERIMENTAL NORTHWEST ATLANTIC TRAWL OPERATIONS: The Japanese trawler Aoi Maru No. 2 (1,386 gross tons) has been conducting experimental trawl fishing in the northwest Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland for about one-and-a-half years. She was scheduled to end operations by late July 1964, owing to expiration of her permit. The Japanese firm that owns the trawler does not intend to plan any further op- erations in the northwest Atlantic until it has evaluated the results of the experimental op- erations from all angles. Experimental fish- ing with the Aoi Maru has revealed that the Ne 70 Japan (Contd.): trawler is not properly designed and equipped for operation in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, where Sea conditions have been found to be far more severe than in the Bering Sea. Tenyo Maru No. 3 (3,500 gross tons), the second Japanese trawler conducting trial op- erations in the northwest Atlantic Oceanunder a permit which expired in August 1964, was expected to remain longer in the northwest Atlantic trawling grounds if the Government approves the extension of her permit. The Japanese Fisheries Agency, which had | planned to license operation of the Northwest Atlantic trawl fishery this year, is reported to have decided to withhold decision on it un- til 1965, in view of the inconclusive results so far obtained from the experimental opera- tions. (Suisan Keizai Shumbun, July 15, 1964) ATLANTIC BOTTOMFISH RESOURCES TO BE SURVEYED BY JAPANESE FISHERIES AGENCY: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is devel- oping plans to actively conduct resource in- vestigations in fiscal year 1965 (April, 1965- March1966), for the Japanese distant-water trawlfishery. Primary objective of the pro- gram is to gaina better understanding of the state of resources off the coast of Africa as well as in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, where greater fishing restrictions possibly may be imposed upon trawl operations now being con- ducted by various countries, including Japan, Under present plans, the Fisheries Agency hopes to charter one 300-ton trawl vessel for exploratory operations off the African coast and also plans to have a Government fishery investigator board a large fishing company's research vessel to conduct investigations in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, July 23, 1964.) SS SR Gs oe Ae JAPANESE TO FISH SWORDFISH IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC: Three Japanese fishing vessels were sched- uled in July 1964 to the northwest Atlantic fishing grounds on an experimental long-line swordfish operation. This is the first time that the Japanese vessels will be fishing for swordfish off the northwest Atlantic coast. The first vessel, An-ei Maru No. 7 (180 gross tons), departed Kesennuma, Japan, on July 18, and was to be followed by the Ryoun Maru (192 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 gross tons) and the Tenyo Maru (192 gross tons). The three vessels will operate out of Saint Pierre Island (French), off the coast of New- foundland, and their catches will be either dressedor filleted, packaged, and frozen aboard the vessels. Products willbe exported through the trading firm located at Saint Pierre Island. The three vessels are expected to land a total of 15,000 metric tons of swordfishinone year, A swordfish being hauled aboard a Japanese catcher boat. Japanese Swordfish exports to the United States have been declining since 1963. Last year, exports dropped to 4,500 tons from 9,000 tons delivered in 1962. The export quota for 1964 is 5,500 short tons, 500 tons less than in 1963. The decline in exports re- portedly is due primarily to good swordfish catches being made by United States fisher - men along the Atlantic Coast following the change from harpoon fishing to long-line fish- ing in 1963. But it is also attributed tosmall- er Swordfish landings being made by Japanese fishing vessels. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, July 15 & 22, 1964.) EXPORTS OF CANNED SAURY, AUGUST 1963-JUNE 1964 AND ESTIMATES FOR FOLLOWING BUSINESS YEAR: Japanese canned saury contracted for ex- port during August 1, 1963-June 30, 1964, de- creased 5.8 percent or 59,815 cases below the exports for the same periodin the previous business year, announced the Japan Canned Saury Packers Associationata meeting held in July 1964. i The Japan Canned Saury Packers Associa- tion also adopted a production quota of 1.5 mil- lion cases of export canned saury for the 1964 business year (August 1964-July 1965), based October 1964 Japan (Contd.): Table 1 = Japanese Exports of Canned Saury, August 1963= June 1964 and August 1962-June 1963 ountry or Area Aug. 1963- Aug. 1962- of Destination June 1964 June 1963 e » «+ « (No. of Cases)... « Philippines ... 416,985 404,518 B 89,444 100, 101 90, 000 148,053 221, 665 155,034 85, 000 119, 875 19,041 64, 410 55, 341 45, 300 In Tomato Sauce 1-Lb. 8-Oz. L=LbS 5-Oz 1-Lb Oval, 48's Oval, 96's Tall iors No. 4/ Tall 100's No. 41/ Total Country or Area of Destination ieee oe Burma . Egypt New Guinea Ceylon .. Malaysia . Other countries . Gai cee: can size. on export estimates for the 1964 business year. (Suisan Tsushin, July 11, 1964.) Kk ok ok FISHERIES AGENCY BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1965: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is request- ing a budget of 26,875 million yen (US$74.7 million) for fiscal year 1965 (April 1965- March 1966--an increase of about 8,275 mil- lion yen ($22.9 million), or over 44 percent, above the budget of 18,600 million yen ($51.7 million) allocated in fiscal year 1964. The 1965 budget submission shows that the Agency is requesting a large increase in ap- propriations for the coastal fishery improve- ment program--$7.3 million compared with $3.8 million in 1964. A sizable budgetary in- crease is also being requested for the fish marketing program in order to stabilize fish prices--$915,000 compared with $759,000 for the current fiscal year. A sum of $630,000 has been submitted for biological research related to international fisheries, compared with $383,000 budgeted in 1964. For new programs, the Agency is request- ing $51,500 to establish a resident fishery of- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 ficer position in foreign countries, $4,800 to establish a nongovernment fishery represent - ative position at overseas fishing bases, $31,500 to conduct water pollution control studies, $20,700 to establish health clinics for distant-water vessel crews, and $11,250 to improve the wireless telephone system used by Japanese fishing vessels. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, July 29; Suisan Ke Keizai Shim - bun, July 29, 1964.) - i Sei eee COMPENSATION LAW FOR LOSS OF FISHING GEAR AND CATCH REVISED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency disclosed that on April 24, 1964, Article 17 of the "Rules for the Enforcement of Fishing Ves- sels Compensation Law'' was amended to compensate vessel owners for the value of the cargo of fish, fuel, and gear jettisoned to alleviate damage to a vessel when grounded, and to compensate vessel owners for the value of fishing gear actually in use and abandoned when pursued by a foreign patrol vessel. Un- der this amendment, compensation was to be based on the following formula: amount of insurance value of insured cargo, etc. Value of the vessel value of vessel + cargo, etc. Compensation = However, on June 25, 1964, that formula was deleted from the amendment by Minister- ial Order, Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry, and a simple statement was substituted to the effect that compensation will be for the value of the cargo, fuel, and gear jettisoned to alleviate damage to a vessel when ground- ed and for the value of the gear abandoned which was in operation at the time of pursuit by a foreign patrol vessel. (Fisheries At- tache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 14, 1964.) OK KOK 72 Japan (Contd.): FISHERIES AGENCY STUDYING MEASURES TO COPE WITH OECD RECOMMENDATIONS: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is studying measures to cope with developments likely to affect the Japanese fishing industry because of Japan's entry this year into the Organiza- tion for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD). In view of the OECD fishery recommendations that subsidies and other financial supports to the fishing industries be reduced and progressively abolished, the Agency feels that OECD will, in the future, very likely urge Japan to place a curb on gov- ernment loans to her fishing industry. (Suis- an Keizai Shimbun, August 12, 1964.) a EXTENSION OF PRIVATE KELP AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN RECOGNIZED BY SOVIETS: Soviet Premier Khruschev, at a meeting held on July 14, 1964, with Japanese Socialist delegates who were in Moscow to discuss ter- ritorial problems with the Russians, is re- ported to have told the group that the Soviet Union intends to recognize the extension of the the present (one year) U.S.S.R.-Japan private kelp agreement over a period of two years. This announcement has been received favor - ably by the Japanese kelp industry as an act of goodwill by the Soviet Union. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, July 16, 1964.) OK KOK OK ADDITIONAL FOREIGN CURRENCY SOUGHT FOR SOUTH KOREAN FISHERY IMPORTS: The Japan Fishery Products Importers As- sociation, whichearlier this year obtained for- eign currency allocations of US$1 million from the Japanese Government to import fish- ery products from the Republic of South Korea, is seeking an additional $1 million for addi- tional imports. The Association, which has already purchased $700,000 worth of cuttle- fish and $300,000 worth of yellowtail from South Korea this year, hopes to import more yellowtail from that country during the fall and winter yellowtail fishing season. Japanese imports of South Korean fishery products have been increasing yearly. In 1961, imports from that country totaled US$850,000, in 1962 $1 million, and in 1963 $1.3 million. Imports in 1964 are expected to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 show a substantial.increase over the previous year. (Minato Shimbun, July 25, 1964.) He OK 2 OK OK MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE WITH CANADA CONVENED IN TOKYO: The Japan-Canada ministerial conference to discuss economic and trade problems of the two countries was tobe heldin Tokyo, Sep- tember 4 and 5, 1964. Problems related to the North Pacific Fisheries Convention and Canada's establishment of a 12-mile fishing zone were also to be discussed at that confer- ence. The Japanese were hopeful that the Tokyo meeting would help resolve the prob- lems associated with the North Pacific fish- eries treaty arrangements between the United States, Canada, and Japan which were sched- uled for further discussion by all three coun- tries at another meeting in Ottawa at a later date. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 5, 1964,) He OK OK OK OK JAPANESE FISHERIES AGENCY AUTHORIZES PURCHASE OF DUTCH WHALING FACTORYSHIP: The Japanese Fisheries Agency on August 5, 1964, authorized three Japanese fishing firms to jointly purchase the Netherlands Whaling Company's whale factoryship Willem Barendsz (26,830 gross tons), including that factoryship's 6-percent international whale- catch quota. The purchase of the Dutch whale factoryship will increase Japan's share of the international whale catch quota from 46 per- cent to 52 percent, or from 3,680 blue-whale units to 4,160 units, based on the 8,000 blue- whale catch limit informally adopted by the 4 whaling nations for the Nineteenth Antarctic Whaling Expedition. The Fisheries Agency also announced that the Japanese Government would recognize the catch quota adopted by the 4 whaling nations for the 1964/65 season. (Minato Shimbun, August 7, 1964.) % OK Ok OK TRAWLER SOLD TO GREEK FIRM: The Japanese trawler Aoi Maru No. 2 (1,150 gross tons), which in late July 1964 concluded 13 years of exploratory trawling in the Northwest Atlantic, has been sold to a Greek firm. Delivery will be made at Las Palmas, Canary Islands. The Japanese own- ers of the Aoi Maru No. 2 sold the trawler as a result of finding that the vessel was inade- quately equipped and too small for trawl op- October 1964 Japan (Contd.): erations in the Northwest Atlantic. (Suisan Tsushin, August 6 1964.) KOK KOK OK EXPERIMENTAL SUCTION-PUMP FISHING: A suction pump has been used to catch fish in Japan, it was reported at a meeting of the Japan Fisheries Academy in Otaru. In the course of a survey of modern fishery meth- ods, a team of the Nihon University's Fishery Department used a pump to land a catch weigh- ing 12.5 kilograms (27.5 pounds) in 15 min- utes. Experiments with the pump were conduct- ed from an 11-ton vessel in waters near Aji- shima Island off the Ojika peninsula in May and June 1963. The suction pump was power- ed by an electric motor connected to a rubber hose, 5 meters (16.4 feet) long, with a trum- pet-shaped mouthpiece atone end. Lights in- stalled on the ship and fixed to the mouth- Piece attracted fish. The technique had been tried in the Japanese fisheries before but on earlier occasions, the fish were invariably damaged. Soviet fishing vessels are reported to have successfully employed the suction-pump fish- ing method in the Caspian Sea. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964.) Netherlands WHALING FACTORYSHIP SOLD TO JAPAN: The Netherlands Whaling Company has announced that it is selling its whaling factory- ship Willem Barendsz to Japanese interests under a contract which has a duration of two years. At the end of that period, the vessel will be resold to the Netherlands Whaling Company at a predetermined price, as the Japanese are only interested in the catching rights attached to the factoryship. Those rights will be retained by the Japanese after the vessel is resold to the Netherlands. Be- fore becoming effective, the contract for the sale of the Netherlands factoryship must be approved by the Japanese Government. The management of the Netherlands Whal- ing Company has sold 2 of its 10 catcher ves- sels to Norway. The other 8 vessels will be COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 sold as scrap. After the Willem Barendsz re- turns to the Netherlands, the company will try to sell the vessel as a freezership or as a tanker. The Netherlands Whaling Company is dis- posing of its fleet as a result of disappointing results in the Antarctic in recent years. (United States Consulate, Amsterdam, July 23, 1964.) New Caledonia JAPANESE FISHING FIRM WITHDRAWS FROM TUNA BASE AT NOUMEA: The large Japanese fishing company en- gaged in tuna fishing operations at Noumea, New Caledonia (French possession), has with- drawn. The firm is seeking the Fisheries Agency's permission to retain the 7,500-ton tuna quota allotted to the Noumea base. The firm sent a representative to the Car- ibbean Sea islands to investigate the possibil- ities of establishing a tuna base in that area to facilitate tuna exports to the United States, Canada, and Cuba. (Suisancho Nippo, July 27, 1964.) - ¥ SOUTH COAST BLUEFIN TUNA EXPLORATIONS: Bluefin tuna in New Zealand southern wa- ters appear to be present in commercial quan- tities from mid-January to April. The state- ment was made by New Zealand's Marine De- partment following a three-week exploratory cruise off the Fiordland coast by the Depart- ment's chartered fishing vessel Olwyn. New Zealand Conclusions reached as a result of the ex- plorations were: (1) tuna are found in temper- atures as low as 12° C, (53.6° F.) and feed in depths as shallow as five fathoms; (2) tuna ap- pear to be attracted by white lures in prefer - ence to other colors; (3) a trolling line of 60 feet appears to be most successful, providing a rubber spring is inserted to take the pull of the strike; and (4) vessels could fish for tuna in the calm of the sounds, providing the weath- er is suitable for rounding Puysegur Point at the southwest tip of New Zealand's South Island. 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW New Zealand (Contd.): The objective of Olwyn's cruise was pri- marily to assess the potential of southern bluefin tuna and to study their distribution in relation to hydrological conditions in the area. The vessel was equipped with a live-bait tank and gear for pole fishing, and was also rigged to troll 8 lines. Surface temperatures in Foveaux Strait were all below average but 3 tuna strikes were made just before the vessel rounded Puysegur Point. She then sailed to Dusky Sound and ran into a confused northerly sea and swell. Surface temperatures averaged 54.5° F. and the sea was a murky bottle green color. Under those conditions, 600 pounds of southern bluefin tuna were caught between Dusky and Nancy Sounds in 12 hours' trolling time. Schools of tuna were sighted at the en- trance to Charles and Bligh Sounds. At least 8 strikes were made in that area. The therm- ocline was at 120 feet and tuna were caught in depths ranging from 5 to 70 fathoms. It was conceded by the Marine Department that considerable research will be needed be- fore the commercial possibilities of that fish- ery can be assessed. The New Zealand Ma- rine Department plans to be working on this project in the next year or so. (Commercial Fishing, a New Zealand fishery periodical, May 1964.) TREND TO SMALL STERN TRAWLERS: This year one New Zealand firm built two 70-foot stern trawlers. They were built by an Auckland shipyard. Each stern trawler cost about NZE35,000 (US$97,000) and carries a crew of three, in- cluding the skipper. A total of three small stern trawlers has been built. Apart from normal trawling, one fishing firm plans to experiment with shrimp, tuna, and line fishing. Another firm is also re- ported to be looking for another two similar stern trawlers. It hopes to buy them over- seas. Both new trawlers for the one firm are identical and can store up to 40 metric tons of fish as compared with the 20 to 25 tons Vol. 26, No. 10 earried by ordinary small trawlers. (Com- mercial Fishing, New Zealand, May 1964.) Norway EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, JANUARY 1-MAY 25, 1964: Norway's total exports of canned fish dur- ing January 1-May 25, 1964, were down 5.1 percent from those in the same period of 1963. Shipments of canned small sild drop- ped 21.4 percent and those of kippered her- ring were down 10.6 percent. But shipments of canned brisling increased 15,6 percent from the same period a year earlier and there were some increases in the exports of several other canned fish products. Norwegian Exports of Canned Fish 1/Jan. 1-May 23 Jan. 1-May 25 1964 1963 Product The packing of sild sardines started in early May and by June 13, 1964, a total of 83,860 standard cases of small sild had been packed, compared with 89,952 standard cases in the comparable period of 1963. The pack of brisling from the start of the season in late May to June 13, 1964, amounted to 121,114 standard cases, compared with 56,289 standard cases in the same period of 1963. Mackerel landings for canning purposes totaled 92 tons as of June 6, 1964, compared with 188 tons in the corresponding period of 1963. (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, July 1964.) KK KOK CANNED FISH EXPORTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1964: Smoked small sild sardines in oil was Norway's most important canned fish export in January-March 1964, accounting for 36.7 October 1964 Norway (Contd.): percent of the quantity and 30.7 percent of the value of total shipments during the period. Table 1 = Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products by Type, January-March 1964 January-March 1964 Product Metric Tons Smoked brisling inoil ... 1, 327 Smoked brisling in tomato . 162 Smoked small sild inoil. .. 2,259 1, 374 Smoked small sild in tomato 374 187 msmoked small sild in oil . 172 73 Small sild, unclassified... 97 51 Kippered herring (Kippers 754 472 Mackerel ...2.502-+ 6 159 107 . 163 87 aut eAlaee 134 95 ese . 118 43 Other canned fish ...... 21 22 HEMTISHed. & + 2 6 + ss 411 Table 2 - Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products by Country of Destination, January-March 1964 Country of Destination United Kingdom .. West Germany ... Czechoslovakia ... Wap an Valls is) shia vee a! South Africa Republic Australia .. New Zealand Other countries United States . er ee © © © © © Bw we 1/Does not include exports of canned shellfish. 2/Totals are slightly larger than the combined exports of canned fish (excluding shellfish) shown in table 1. Notes: (1) Norwegian kroner 7.16 equal US$1. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 53. The United States was the leading buyer of Norwegian canned fish during January-March 1964, taking 42.8 percent of total shipments (excluding shellfish), followed by the United Kingdom with 20.2 percent, the South Africa Republic with 7.8 percent, and Australia with 7.7 percent. (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, July 1964.) *k OX He OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES FAIR AT TRONDHEIM: Manufacturers of all types of machinery, equipment, and instruments for the fishing industry and related fields are in- vited to exhibit at the Second Official Norwegian Fisheries Fair which will be held at the exhibition hall in Trondheim, Norway, August 19-29, 1965. The list of items to be displayed includes: (1) fishing craft and engines; (2) accessories such as anchors, chains, lanterns, tackle, galley equipment, fittings, searchlights, and lifesaving equipment; (3) navigational equipment such as ra- dio, radar, asdic, and other instruments; (4) fishing gear such as seines, lines, nets, floats, trawls, hunting weapons; and impregnating materials; (5) fishermen’s clothing and provi- -sions; (6) fish processing machinery and refrigerating equip- ment; (7) manufactures (food and other); (8) transport appli- ances, containers, and store equipment; (9) angling equip- ment; (10) services provided by lifeboat associations, insur- ance companies, banks, publishers, etc. Main exhibition hall. The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries is sponsoring the Fair in order to improve the position of the Norwegian fish- ing industry by bringing to its attention the most efficient machinery, instruments, and auxiliary equipment available today. The Fair offers United States manufacturers a unique op- portunity to display and sell United States products to a large industry which must keep up with technological development in order to survive. For example, the Norwegian fishing in- 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Norway (Contd.): @ STOCKHOLM @coOPENHAGEN @NEWCASTLE y, ( @kiet @ HAMBURG e @ HANNOVER AMSTERDAM @.LoNDON @BRUSSEL dustry has recently shown considerable interest in pumps for handling fish in nets or for unloading fish from vessels. The trade exhibit will cover an effective floor area of about 32,000 square feet indoors and 21,000 square feet out- doors, Rental charges will be US$1.95 per square foot in- doors with a minimum charge of $210 indoors and $1.11 per square foot outdoors with a minimum charge of $119. The deadline for space applications is December 1, 1964, Appli- cations should be addressed to Norges Varemesse, P.O, Box 130, Skoyen, Oslo 2, Norway. (Cable Address: Vare- messen.) Arrangements for electricity, plumbing, and telephones should be made directly with the management, Electric cur- rent is 220 volts, 50 cycles. Insurance may be obtained lo- cally, Samples and exhibits may be imported duty-free pro- vided they are exported within eight months after their im- portation, Ample stcrage space is available, There will be restaurant facilities and parking space for visitors at the Fair, The first official Norwegian Fisheries Fair was held in Bergen, Norway, in 1960, However, it was not open to for- eign participation, (United States Embassy, Oslo, July 26, 1964.) y Vol. 26, No. 10 Peru EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL MARINE PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1963-64; Jan.-Mar. 1964 Jan. -Mar. 1963 Quanti' Value2/ Value2/ 335,098) 947.1 (35, 313|326, 393 3,594] 56, 887 5,759| 49.6 1/Preliminary. 2/F.o.b. values converted at rate of 26.82 solesequal US$1.00, ; S01 United States Embassy, Lima, July 9, 1964. ource: REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT TO MODERNIZE FISHING INDUSTRY SUPPLIED BY BRITISH: In July 1964, a British firm announced a contract with the Fundo de Renovacao e de Apetrechamento da Industria de Pesca, Lisbon, to supply a considerable amount of refrigera- tion equipment for the fishing vessels and shore installations required in connection with the Portuguese Government's fisheries development plans. Under the agreement, the Brit- ish firm expects to supply equipment with a value in excess of £800,000 (US$2,240,000). Portugal The first order under the agreement covers freezing and cold-storage equipment for the five new stern trawlers being built at Portuguese shipyards in Viana do Castelo and Figueira da Foz. Each vessel will have a freezing capacity of over 28 tons of whole fish a day in 8 plate freezers and a storage capacity for about 500 metric tons of frozen fish at -25° C. (-13° F.). The installed power of the refrigerating machinery will be 285 B.hp. and it will operate on the pump circulation of Refrigerant 12 through the freezers, with brine-cooled pipe grids in the refrigerated holds. South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY: April 1964: The shoal fish catch off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in April 1964 was 21,775 short tons pilchards, 7,954 tons maasbanker, 13,989 tons mackerel, and 3,636 tons anchovy for a total of 47,354 tons. That compares with 67,941 tons pilchards, 3,676 tons maasbanker, and 401 tons macker- el landed in April 1963. The April 1964 catch yielded 10,527 short tons of fish meal, 576,890 imperial gallons of fish body oil, 421,656 pounds of canned pil- chards, 1,198,424 pounds of canned maas~ October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tat South Africa Republic (Contd.): ed Kingdom was the leading market for South African fish meal, while the United States was banker, and 4,668,672 pounds of canned mack- erel. The Cape west coast shoal fish catch for the first four months of the 1964 season was 189,561 tons pilchards, 17,397 tons maas- banker, 41,733 tons mackerel, and 3,636 tons anchovy. The total catch was 252,327 tons. In the same period of 1963, the total catch was 260,546 tons, made up of 238,239 tons pilchards, 7,673 tons maasbanker, and 14,634 tons mackerel. At Walvis Bay in South-West Africa, the pilchard catch amounted to 203,013 tons dur- ing January-April 1964. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing y Industry Review, June 1964.) WK A OK March 1964: The shoal fish catch off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in March 1964 was 56,850 short tons pilchards, 6 tons maasbanker, and 17,751 tons mackerel for a total of 74,607 tons. That compares with 54,901 tons pilchards, 3,724 tons maasbanker, and 9,940 tons mackerel landed in March1963. The March 1964 catch yielded 17,082 short tons of fish meal, 886,350 imperial gallons of fish body oil, 141,768 pounds of canned pil- chards, and 4,772,224 pounds of canned mack- erel, The Cape west coast shoal fish catch for the first three months of the 1964 season was 168,060 tons pilchards, 9,443 tons maasbanker, and 27,744 tons mackerel. The total catch was 205,247 tons. In the same period of 1963, the total catch was 188,538 tons, made up of 170,298 tons pilchards, 3,997 tons maasbank- er, and 14,233 tons mackerel. At Walvis Bay in South-West Africa, the pilchard catch amounted to 99,835 tons dur- ing January-March 1964, (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1964.) OK Kok EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1963: In 1963, fish meal was South Africa's most important fishery export item (from the stand- point of total value), followed by frozen spiny lobster tails, and canned pilchards. The Unit- Exports of Fishery Products, 1963 Commodity and Destination Fresh and Frozen: Spiny lobster tails: United States ... France..0-6 0s ee Other countries .. Other fresh and frozen fishery products: ustralia . see e cee Rhodesia and Nyasaland United Kingdom .... Italy... cs See ce United States . . France's » «se . Mozambique e Other countries . Total asc 6 0 Preserved (Mostly Canned): Spiny lobster tails: nited States . France West Germany Beljium.,.... Other countries .. 291.2 139.6 117.1 218.2 89.7 86.8 48.4 28.3 Pilchards: “United Kingdom United States .... . Other countries ...... Other preserved fishery oducts: United Kingdom . United States .... Other countries .... A te ae es se Other countries .... Fish meal and solubles: United Kingdom East Germany West Germany . . Japan. «sees ces United States ... Israels a's cs Netherlands . OMG Australia 184, 388.8 64, 853.4 42, 148.8 44, 406.2 24, 400.9 24, 135.6 23, 403.6 11, 377.0 52, 610.2 | 471,724.5 | 724. | 471,724.5 | i oil: a Thited Kiazdom arate tats Other countries .....4. 68, 088.3 ri 989.6 Fish liver oil: Canada: ils yes si 0 Whited| States ics . «3.6.6 Other countries . a/ait 5 eh ae on next page.) 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 South Africa Republic (Contd.): Landings of frozen fish at Vigo (part of which is imported fish) totaled 2,738 tons in the second quarter of 1964, all of it landed during May as compared with landings of 3,686 tons in the first quarter of the year. The quantity of frozen fish landed in April- June 1964 is not included in the quarterly landings of fresh fish. Whale and seal oil: United Kingdom ... West Germany poo United States ....-. Netherlands ..... Other countries ....- eee © © 11 /Includes South-West Africa. B/F.o.b. value. Includes exports to the United States of 2, 100 pounds of con= centrated fish-liver oil valued at Rand 2, 070 (US$2, 884). INote: US$1.393 equals South African Rand 1.00. the main buyer of South African lobster tails. (United States Consulate, Cape Town, July 28, 1964.) Spain FISHERY TRENDS AT VIGO, Fig. 1 = Port of Vigo, aor Wooden hull cawies outfitted for APRIL-JUNE 1964: eS Landings and Prices: Fishery landings at pecans % the port of Vigo, Spain, in April-June 1964 to-| ip * taled 18,755 metric tons valued at 213.8 mil- | | ' ; A lion pesetas (US$3.6), an increase of 19.7 per- , cent in quantity but a decrease of 6.9 percent in value from the first quarter 1964 landings. Compared with April-June 1963, landings this quarter dropped 26.5 percent in quantity and 32.2 percent in value. The lower value of the second quarter 1964 landings was due to the light demand by fish canneries as they were reluctant to buy raw materials because of the large carryover of canned fish still on hand from the previous season. Normally, the April-June period is the beginning of accelerated cannery produc- tion but because of the ample canned fish stocks on hand the canneries were not dis- Fig. 2 = Cod fishing vessels docked at Vigo. They fish for cod in posed to produce at the usual normal rate. the North Atlantic. Table 1 = Landings and Average Ex=Vessel Prices of Selected Species at Vigo, April-June 1964 with Comparisons April-June Jumuany-March Metric Tons | Pesetas/Kilo aca - | Metric Tons | Pesetas/Kilo | US¢/Lb.| Metric Tons | Pesetas/Kilo Octopus .... 3,495 5.03 906 7.09 6,903 5.14 Horse mackerel 3,431 2.58 < 1,934 4.69 : 3,473 3.46 Small hake . . 2, 694 29.93 8 4,503 26.47 6 3,599 26.74 Cuttlefish ... 1,013 Heel ; 484 6.99 1,630 8.92 Sardines ... 585 5.86 : 1,191 8.16 October 1964 Spain (Contd.): Table 2 - Distribution of the Fishery Landings at Vigo, April-June 1964 with Comparisons Other Distribution (Smoking, Drying Fish Meal, etc, Shipped Fresh to Period Domestic Markets 2nd Quarter 1964 1st Quarter 1964 2nd Quarter 1963 Canned Fish Industry: dustry was practically inactive during April- June 1964 as far as production was con- cerned--only 1,545 tons of fish was packed as against 5,214 tons in the same period a year earlier. Fig. 3 - Unloading semiprocessed or green salted cod at Vigo. At the beginning of the second quarter in 1964 there was a substantial recovery in the quantity of exports of canned fish and the do- mestic market was also somewhat more ac- tive. The upturn was shortlived and fishcan- Fig. 4 - Spanish fishing stern trawler Villalba, owned andoperated by a Vigo fishery firm. The canned fish in- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 ners were again reporting low sales at the end of June. In some cases, the movement in sales was brought about by lower prices quoted by canners who wanted to dispose of their excessive stocks to finance production from the new tuna and sardine season. In the case of the domestic market, summer always brings about a higher consumption of canned goods. The economic situation, however, was not favorable and the canned fish industry as a group was trying to obtain official assist- ance in this crisis. A group of leading Vigo fish canners was establishing a new factory in Ensenada, Mexi- co, in association with Mexican interests, for canning Pacific sardines. The production from the Ensenada plant will be sold in the Mexican market, but there are plans for ex- ports to the United States later. (UnitedStates Consulate, Vigo, July 17, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 85. Surinam JAPANESE SHRIMP FISHING OPERATIONS: The Japanese fishing firm (engaged in a joint enterprise) in Surinam, which was scheduled to ship frozen shrimp to Ja- pan this past July, was established in Paramaribo a little over two years ago, The local United States-owned shrimp processing firm in Surinam (also located in Paramaribo) has been freezing and processing the Japanese shrimp catches and has been acting as their export agents. Except for the one shipment to Japan in July 1964 and another scheduled for September, shrimp caught by the Japanese vessels have been exported exclusively to the United States, Prior to 1962, the Japanese firm operated 3 fishing ves- sels off the northern coast of South America (from George- town, British Guiana, to the mouth of the Amazon River), Those vessels carried small freezing units and were accom- panied by a mothership to which catches could be transferred, Subsequently the mothership sank in the waters of that area, During the past two years the Japanese fleet has expanded to 10 vessels to equal the size of the United States fleet pres- ently operating out of Paramaribo, The catches of the Japa- nese trawlers account for about 50 percent of the United States shrimp processing firm's total exports, The 7 vessels purchased by the Japanese firm in the course of the past two years are of United States manufacture, Three are steel-hull trawlers purchased from a Texas shipyard and 4 are wooden- hull trawlers from a Florida shipyard. The present 10 Japa- nese vessels have 220 hp., and use the same type gear as used on vessels operated by the United States firm in Suri- nam, The Japanese trawlers have 3 drive winches, 150 fath- oms of 7/16-inch steel cable, tickler chain, and are double- rigged, The United States trawlers generally use a flat net whereas the Japanese vessels prefer the balloon net. A few of the Japanese vessels have begun to copy the jib net such as is used by shrimp vessels operating out of Texas. A smaller mesh net of 1-3/4 inches (stretched) is used by the Japanese whereas the United States vessels use a net of 2-1/4 inches (stretched), Until recently the crews of the Japanese trawlers in Suri- nam consisted solely of Japanese nationals. Reportedly, the Surinam Government has been exerting preasure to| have the 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Surinam (Contd.): Japanese company conform with a local law requiring 75 per- cent of the employees of a locally-established company be Surinamers. One source in the local fishing industry there estimated! that about an equal number of Surinamers and Jap- anese are now being employed, Some 35 Japanese nationals are affiliated with the company locally, including the manager, fleet manager, one office employee, and a mechanic, The Jap- anese personnel of the company were said to be paid from the Tokyo headquarters of the parent company, and receive about 35 to 40 Surinam guilders (about US$19 to $21) a month with the balance of their salaries delivered to their families in Ja- pan, Surinamers employed on all trawlers are paid according to the catch, ranging from 25 to 75 guilders (about $13 to $40) per metric ton of shrimp caught, Japanese seamen have one- year contracts with the company and the contracts are renew- able, It was reported that all Japanese fishermen receive train- ing in Japan prior to their assignment in Surinam. They are said to be highly adaptable and imitate successfully the meth- ods used by American fishermen, and are also described as being collectivistic and scientific, Each Japanese vessel is assigned a certain area to fish each day and can only move to another area when advised to do so by the manager, The fish- ing grounds are carefully studied and information pertinent to shrimping in those waters is recorded at the company’s local office. This past summer, a fishery technician from Japan went to Surinam as an adviser on howto improve the shrimp catches. The local manager pf the Japanese firm anticipated the pur - chase of 5 moretrawlers inthe United States during this year (1964). This will raise the total Japanese fleet operating out of Paramaribo to 15 vessels, It was also reported that the Jap- anese Government has approved the purchase of as many as 10 more trawlers in the United States. Ultimately, a fleet of 25 vessels is envisaged by the company. The United States-owned local shrimp freezing, process- ing, and exporting enterprise was established in 1956. The company enjoys an exclusive license and franchise for the right to catch, handle, purchase, receive, process, freeze and warehouse, sell, and otherwise deal in shrimp for sale and consumption for export only. During the eight years of its existence, operations have expanded rapidly with 1963 ex- ports totaling 1,318,600 pounds of frozen shrimp, Until early 1962 the plant was processing exclusively (or almost exclu- sively) the catches of United States flag vessels, (United States Consulate, Paramaribo, July 21, 1964.) Note: Values converted at rate of 1.886 guilders equal US$1. U.S.S.R. NEW DEEP-WATER TRAWLING GEAR DEVELOPED: Soviet gear experts are reported to have developed an improved type of bottom trawl gear that can withstand water pressure at great depths. The improved gear has rein- forced floats; heavier (220-265 pounds) rope- length adjusting boards; and longer ropes of smaller diameter but with sufficient strength to withstand the pressure of net hauling by winches. The Soviets plan to use the deep- water gear soon for trawling at depths of up to 1,300 meters (4,264 feet) in the Barents Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Inthe Ber- ing Sea and Okhotsk Sea, they hope to achieve Vol. 26, No. 10 a substantial increase in landings by usingthe new gear. A Soviet RT-type trawler operated by the Soviet Northern Fisheries Administration has found halibut concentrations in the Barents Sea at depths of 850-1,100 meters (2,788- 3,608 feet), according to a Japanese press summary of a Soviet news report, dated July 16,1964. About 20 Soviet trawlers which were ledtothat area are reported tobe making good catches. (Suisancho Nippo, July 29, 1964.) United Kingdom DANGER TO FISHERIES FROM OIL EXPLORATIONS IN NORTH SEA DISCUSSED: The explorations for petroleum and natural gas in the North Sea were discussed by the British Minister of Power at a meeting at Lowestoft in late June 1964. The Minister said, ''I must be frank with you and say that this search cannot be conducted without some interference with fishing, but I ask you not to be unduly anxious about what is going to hap- pen. In the first place, the Convention on the Continental Shelf, which came into force ear- lier this month, requires the Government to ensure that the exploration of the British sec- tor and its exploitation does not result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation, fish- ing, andconservationof thesea. This require- ment will be incorporated inthe licenses which my Department will issue and the licensees will have to observe." The Minister said that the charges used by the ships engaged in the exploration wouldbe exploded within a few feet of the surface thus minimizing danger to bottomfish. He added that the exploring oil companies would main- tain close contact with British fishery officials. The Minister stated that no charges in ex- cess of 50 pounds would be exploded within 1 nautical mile of any vessel, andnocharge at all within halfamile. (Fishing News, July 3, 1964.) ROK OOK OK MARINE OIL IMPORTS, 1962-1963: Net imports of marine oil by the United Kingdom in calendar year 1963 consisted of 117,400 long tons of fish and fish-liver oils, 60,400 long tons of whale oil, and (for statis- tical purposes) an additional 5,500 tons of whale oil from British Antarctic whaling op- October 1964 United Kingdom (Contd.): erations --grand total of 183,300tons. That was 4 percent below the net marine oil imports in 1962 which totaled 191,100 tons and consisted of 106,500 tons of fish and fish-liver oils, 57,000 tons of whale oil, and an additional 27,600tons of whale oil from British Antarctic whaling operations. British Utilization of Refined Oils and Fats in Margarine and Compound ae: Fat Manufacture, 1962-1963 Total utilization of vegetable, animal, and marine oils and 277.3 | 270.2 The United Kingdom withdrew from Antarc- tic whaling at the endof the 1962/63 seasonand sold her remaining whaling fleet to Japan. The British margarine industry is an im- portant consumer of marine oils. In 1963, there was considerable substitution of fish oils for whale oil in the production of British margarine and compound cooking fat; total utilization of marine oils by that industry in 1963 showed a small increase over the previ- ous year. (United States Embassy, London, April 13, 1964.) * KK Kk NEW FREEZER-TRAWLER SAILS ON MAIDEN VOYAGE: The new stern-trawler Ross Valiant suc- cessfully completed trials in July 1964 and joined the Grimsby fishing fleet of one of Bri- tain's largest integrated fishing companies. The Ross Valiant carries 10 plate freezers with a combined daily freezing capacity of 35 tons. The vessel will be able to store 400 tons of frozen fish at -20° F. Fig. 1 - Ross Valiant off Grimsby about to start her maiden voy- age to Newfoundland fishing grounds. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 The company operating the Ross Valiant plans to add nine more freezer-trawlers to its fishing fleet and has already launched the Cape Kennedy, a sistership to the Ross Val- iant. The Cape Kennedy is expected to enter service early in 1965. The company plans to market the frozen fish from its new freezer- Fig. 2 - The bridge of the Ross Valiant. Shows echo-sounding equipment in the center and transistorized radar equipment to the left. trawlers under a fixed-price contract ar- rangement in order to eliminate seasonal fluctuations and stabilize prices. The demand in Britain for fish frozen at sea has increased rapidly the past year. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 76. Yugoslavia TUNA MARKET TO BE SURVEYED BY JAPANESE: The Japan Export Trade Promotion Organ- ization (JETRO), a Japanese government agen- cy, was reported to be planning on conducting a tuna market survey in Yugoslavia. That country annually imports large quantities of frozen tuna to supplement domestic supply. In 1963, Yugoslavia's frozen tuna imports re- portedly totaled 10,070 metric tons, of which 8,077 tons came from Japan, 794 tons from Italy, 448 tons from Israel, 460 tons from Tur- key, and 291 tons from the United States. Yu- goslavia, therefore, has become a very impor- tant tuna market for Japan, constituting the third largest buyer of Japanese tuna, next to the United States and Italy. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 22, 1964, <=> 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 Department of Commerce AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION INDUSTRIAL LOAN TO TUNA FIRM IN PUERTO RICO: pproval of a $604, industrial loan to help Peter Pan Caribe, Inc., establish a tuna- processing, canning, and distribution facility in Ponce, Puerto Rico, was announced Au- gust 17, 1964, by the Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The ARA loan will run for 16 years at an annual interest rate of 4percent, The project will help create 250 directnew jobs in the hard-hit Ponce area which has an unemployment rate of 14.4 percent, almost triple the United States national jobless aver- age. The total cost of the project will be $1,007,042. In addition to ARA's investment, a private bank will make a loan of $201,410; the Municipality of Ponce will provide $100,704; and the company will put up $50,352, Funds will be usedto improve leased land, construct a building, and to buy machinery and equip- ment, I INDUSTRIAL LOAN TO HELP ESTABLISH NEW FISH MEAL AND OIL PLANT IN WISCONSIN: Approval of a $130,000 industrial loan to help Peninsula Processing Company, Inc., establish a plant to process trash fish into meal, solubles, and oil, was announced Au- gust 19, 1964, by the Area Redevelopment Ad- ministration (ARA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, The projectis expected to create 86 direct andrelated new jobs in the Sturgeon Bay, Wis., area. It will also give Sturgeon Bay fishermen amarketfor the previously un- wanted trash fish which had increased to the point of interfering with fishing operations The high protein and vitamin content of Lake Michigan trash fish will make it possible to process them into marketable poultry feed supplements. for commercial species. The total project cost will be $200,000. In addition to the ARA loan that will run for 15 years at 4 percent annual interest, a Savings and loan association will invest $40,000, a local county industrial development corpora- tion will invest $20,000, and the applicant will put up $10,000 as equity. Ok Ok ke ok TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT TO STUDY PROPOSED DEEP-WATER PORT FACILITY AT ROCKLAND HARBOR, MAINE: Approval of a $45,000 technical assistance project to determine the technical and eco- nomic feasibility of constructing a marine pier and terminal at Rockland, Maine, was announced August 20, 1964, by the Area Re- development Administration (ARA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The project will provide a detailed appraisal of the feasibility of the proposed deep-water port facility at Rockland Harbor, Knox County, Maine. Earlier studies have indicated an overall feasibility. If the detailed examination shows the project worthwhile, ARA will consider an application for substantial improvement of the harbor facilities which would accommo- date existing industries and pave the way for further expansion in the area. The economy of Rockland and its surrounding area has been geared historically to reliance on Rock- land Harbor and related industries. Local government leaders and spokesmen of fishing and business interests in Rockland attest that the harbor improvement is im- perative to the needs of the community's fu- ture. x OK OK OK OK October 1964 CLAM RESEARCH PROJECT IN MARYLAND TO BE CONTINUED: Approval of atechnical assistance project to continue clam research under a two-year contract extension with the Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, was an- nounced August 14, 1964, by the Area Redevel- opment Administration (ARA) of the U. S. De- partment of Commerce. Research under the original one-year con- tract concentrated on basic ways to improve clam-processing techniques and the develop- ment of new methods to extend storage life through freezing andother procedures. Work will continue in that fieldand new emphasis will be placed on the development of quality products and new uses for clams, particularly the popular "'ready-to-serve" type of product. The Maryland seafood industry in Calvert, Dorchester, andSomerset Counties will bene- fit primarily by applicationofresearch results on the spot at existing clam-processing plants. Study results, however, will be applicable to the clam industry in many other areas of the United States. The State of Maryland has already develop- ed new clam-producing beds and a more ef- ficient dredging process which is expected to expand clam production, A favorable outcome to the clam research project could substan- tially increase the market for clams andlead to the creation of new jobs and considerable added income for the industry and the area, The total cost of the 2-year project will be about $220,000. ARAtechnicalassistance funds will provide about $64,000. The remainder will come from various state and private sources including the University of Maryland and the clam industry, POT < view ar Federal Trade Commission RESTRAINT OF TRADE BY CRAB FISHERMEN'S ORGANIZATION IN WASHINGTON STATE BARRED: An order (Docket No, 7859) announced August 7, 1964, by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires a crab fish- ermen’s association, in Westport, Wash., and its members, to discontinue their coercive restraints im, and their attempt to monopolize, the crab industry. The association was organized in 1958 under the Fisher- men’s Collective Marketing Act. During the preceding 3- year period the price of crabs at the dock in Washington was about 8 cents a pound, although it had been as high as 20 cents COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 in the past. Subsequent to its organization, the association fixed the price through marketing orders and had raised it to 16 cents by 1959, That year its members caught 74 percent of the crabs landed in the entire State of Washington, and ap- parently almost 100 percent of the catch in Grays Harbor, the most important of the State’s 4 major crab port areas, Also in 1959 the association acquired a cannery, In 1960 that can- nery accounted for some 45 percent of the total volume han- dled by the 7 processors located in the Grays Harbor district, ‘Processing nearly 20 percent of the total volume of crabs landed in Washington, it is now the second largest processor in the State,’ the Commission noted. ‘‘The business of the other processors has declined accordingly. For example, the total volume of two of the largest of those processors fell from more than 3 million pounds each in 1958 to less than 1 million in 1961, and a large part of the crabs they processed in 1961 was bought not in Washington, but in Alaska. Several of the smaller Washington processors have gone out of busi- ness entirely, complaining that they can’t pay the prices de- manded by the association fishermen and stay in business,”’ The Commission further found that respondents attempted to monopolize the market and that the newly acquired process- ing plant played a significant role in the attempt. ‘‘Further, when the processors yielded and resumed buying from the as- sociation fishermen, they were in fact subsidizing their own competitor, As previously noted, the association fishermen financed the purchase and operation of their own canning com- pany by stock subscriptions of $1,000 each, payment for the stock to be made by turning over to the cannery, out of each sale of their crab catch, 1¢ for each pound sold, whether the sale was to the association cannery itself or to a third-party processor, (This 1¢ per pound figures to some 6-1/4 percent of the member's gross sales when the crabs are selling at 16¢.) The net effect of this arrangement, therefore, is that every time an independent Washington processor buys $1 worth of fresh crabs from a member of the association, 6-1/4¢ of the dollar he pays goes directly into the coffers of the association cannery, a competitor of his, "Even assuming this to be fair competition ordinarily, it certainly becomes unfair when coupled, as here, with a sub- stantial degree of monopoly power over the supply of the source product. Here, these respondents, using first their un- lawfully acquired control of the crab fishing fleet, andthen a combination of that power with their control of a substantial share of the processed product, levered the price of fresh crabs up from 14¢ (at the time the cannery was acquired) to 16¢ a pound, Having thus acquired an additional 2¢ in profits, the association fishermen then applied half of that gain--1¢-- to the financing and strengthening of their own cannery. Hence, the cannery itself was financed not out of the lawful profits of the association fishermen, but out of funds extracted from the pockets of the independent processors by the use of coercively acquired monopoly power.... The Commission held that there is ‘‘no necessity for di- vestiture of respondents’ processing plant, While devestiture would be an appropriate remedy if there was no other effective means of dissipating the effects of their attempted monopoliza- tion, . .such is not the case here, The monopolization attempt found here was accomplished by coercion and could only con- tinue, we believe, by continued coercion, Deprived of that un- lawful weapon, respondents will be restrained by competition from other crab fishermen, including the processors them- selves, This, we think, will strike an even balance of power between the two segments of the industry, and protect the pub- lic interest in the survival and prosperity of both.’’ The FTC’s order halting the coercive activities of the crab fishermen’s association covers all aquatic products, not merely Dungeness crabs, and has no geographical limitation, 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 tion, not to exceed 1 megarad, incidental to the use of gamma radiation in the radiation preservation of prepackaged E i n lfar foods: : ducation, io a We aie (1) Nitrocellulose-coated cellophane complying with § 121.2507. (2) Glassine paper complying with § 121.2526. (3) Wax-coated paperboard comply- NEW FOOD ADDITIVE REGULATION ing with § 121.2526. CONCERNING PACKAGING MATERIALS @ Bolserooy os ae prepared from . polypropyiene basic polymer complying FOR FOODS" PRESERVED BY IRRADIA TION: with § 121.2501. The finished film may A regulation listing packaging materials CoG adiivent pubs tareess wee . aa “ss compliance with §§ 121. an a . which may be used, under prescr ibed condi (ey epbeleneealeencalicovelymenin tn tions, in radiation preservation of prepack- complying with § 121.2508. aged foods was issued by the Commissioner sue ee film complying with of Food and Drugs, effective August 14, 1964, (7) Polystyrene film prepared from as an amendment to food additive regulations shore aaresic pola aen ee ene . . con adjuvant substances use ee 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part in compliance with §§ 121.2001 and 121~ S (8) Rubber hydrochloride film pre- pared from rubber hydrochloride basic polymer having a chlorine content of 30-32 weight percent and having a maxi- Department of Health, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION The new regulation as it appeared in the Federal Register, August 14, 1964, follows: Title 2i—FOOD AND DRUGS Chapter I—Food and Drug Adminis- tration, Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS PART 121—FOOD ADDITIVES Subpart F—Food Additives Resulting From Contact With Containers or Equipment and Food Additives Otherwise Affecting Food PACKAGING MATERIALS FOR USE IN RabDIA- TION PRESERVATION OF PREPACKAGED Foops The Commissioner of Food and Drugs, having evaluated the data submitted in a petition (FAP 1297) filed by the US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washing- ton, D.C., 20545, and other relevant mate- rial, has concluded that the food addi- tive regulations should be amended to provide for the use of packaging mate- rials that may be safely subjected to ir- radiation incidental to the radiation Preservation of prepackaged foods. Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (sec. 409(c) (1), 72 Stat. 1786; 21 US.C. 348(c)(1)), and under the au- thority delegated to the Commissioner by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (21 CFR 2.90; 29 F-R. 471), the food additive regulations are amend- ed by adding to Subpart F the following new section: § 121.2543 Packaging materials for use in radiation preservation of prepack- aged foods. The packaging materials identified in this section may be safely subjected to irradiation incidental to the radiation Preservation of prepackaged foods, sub- ject to the provisions of this section. (a) The radiation preservation of the food itself shall comply with regulations in Subpart G of this Part 121. (b) The following packaging materials May be subjected to a dose of irradia- mum extractable fraction of 2 weight percent when extracted with n-hexane at reflux temperature for 2 hours. The finished film may contain adjuvant sub- stances used in compliance with §§ 121.- 2001 and 121.2511. (9) Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer film prepared from vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride basic copolymers containing not less than 70 weight per- cent of vinylidene chloride and having a@ viscosity of 0.50-1.50 centipoises as determined by ASTM method D 729-57. The finished film may contain adjuvant substances used in compliance with §§ 121.2001 and 121.2511. Any person who will be adversely af- fected by the foregoing order may at any time within 30 days from the date of its Publication in the FepERAL REcIstTer file with the Hearing Clerk, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Room 5440, 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington 25, D.C., written objections thereto. Objections shall show where- in the person filing will be adversely af- fected by the order and specify with par- ticularity the provisions of the order deemed objectionable and the grounds for the objections. If a hearing is re- quested, the objections must state the issues for the hearing. A hearing will be granted if the objections are supported by grounds legally sufficient to justify the relief sought. Objections may be accom- panied by a memorandum or brief in sup- port thereof. All documents shall be filed in quintuplicate. Effective date. This order shall be ef- fective on the date of its publication in the FepErat REGISTER. (Sec. 409(c) (1), 72 Stat. 1786; 21 U.S.C. 348 (c) (1)) Dated: August 10, 1964. Geo. P. Larrick, Commissioner of Food and Drugs. October 1964 Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS FOR USE OF FISHERY RE- SOURCE DISASTER FUNDS ANNOUNCED: Regulations to cover the use of resource disaster funds under a section of the Commer- cial Fisheries Research and Development Act of 1964 were announced on August 27, 1964, by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Sec- retary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall said action now is being taken to assist the Great Lakes fishing industry recover from economic losses suffered in 1963, Fishermen, proces- sors, and distributors of smoked chubs in the Great Lakes area are in serious difficulty as the result of a loss of market following an out- break of botulism. Funds are available under the Act during the 1965 fiscal year, which began July 1, 1964, to provide payments to the industry to help offset losses caused by removal of the chubs from normal channels of trade, The fish, now in storage, will be used for reduction into fish meal or will be destroyed. Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will administer the payments after approved application on the following basis: No, 1 chubs, 21 cents per pound; No, 2 chubs, 7 cents per pound, An additional payment of 5 cents per pound may be made if processing costs total- ing at least 5 cents have been incurred, The Bureau said removal of the chubs from usual trade channels will open up markets for the depressed Great Lakes fishing industry and allow resumption of fishing operations which have been at a virtual standstill since last fall. The regulations, published in the Federal Register, apply to Section 4 (b) of the Act. egulations applying to other sections of the Act will be announced later. Section 4 (b) authorizes the allocation of $400,000 annually for two years and $650,000 for each of the following three years tostates where there is a commercial fishery failure due to a resouce disaster arising from natural or undetermined causes, The regulations as they appeared in the August 27, 1964, Federal Register follow: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Title 50—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter Il—Bureav of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER F—AID TO FISHERIES PART 253—COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT On Pages 9454 through 9456 of the FEpERAL REGISTER of July 10, 1964, there was published a notice and text of a proposed new Part 253 of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations. Authority to issue such regulations has been vested in the Secretary of the Interior by sec- tion 8 of the Commercial Fisheries Re- search and Development Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-309). The purpose of the new part is to es- tablish procedures to be used by the Sec- retary in providing financial assistance to State Agencies for research and de- velopment. of the commercial fisheries resources of the Nation and, in coopera- tion with State Agencies, directly to the commercial fisheries in cases where the Secretary has determined that there is a commercial fishery failure due to a re- source disaster arising from natural or undetermined causes. The notice further provided for sub- mission to the Director, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, of written comments, suggestions or objections concerning the proposed regulations, within 30 days of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER, ex- cept that comments with respect to § 253.4 Use of Resource Disaster Funds, had to be submitted within 10 days. Comments have been received and evaluated for § 253.4. Minor changes for clarification purposes have been made, Since early adoption of the proposed new § 253.4. Use of Resource Disaster Funds, is in the public interest in order to help relieve an emergency due to a commercial fishery failure in the Great Lakes area, this amendment is adopted as set forth below. § 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds, (a) Determination. The Secretary shall cause to be published in the FepERAL REGISTER a notice of finding that a com- mercial fishery failure due to a resource disaster arising from natural or unde- termined causes exists at the time such a finding is made. After such publica- tion, resource disaster funds may be used for the following purposes with the co- operation of the respective State Agen- cies: (1) Payments causing the removal from the usual markets of stocks of fish or shellfish of the species listed in the said finding which are preventing nor- mal trade operations. No payments will be made under this paragraph unless the Secretary deems such action necessary to aid in restoring normal trade opera- tions; the person receiving such pay- ment, if not the primary producer, pro- vides evidence that he has reimbursed the primary producer, or such other per- son from whom the raw fish was pur- chased; the person receiving such pay- ments has furnished the Secretary with such information regarding purchases, costs, sales, etc., as the Secretary may require; and satisfactory evidence of re- . 86 moval of the products from channels of distribution, including storage, shall be provided to the Secretary. No payments may be made for any product which was removed from storage or other channels of distribution prior to.the approval of this Act. (2) Payments to primary producers of the species of fish listed in the said find- ing to assist them in obtaining gear or equipment necessary to operate in the same or a different fishery than that affected by the said resource disaster. No payments will be made under this paragraph unless the Secretary deems such action necessary to aid in restoring primary producers adversely affected by the said commercial fishery failure to a condition where they can operate prof- itably; the person receiving such pay- ments furnishes the Secretary with such information regarding catches, sales and costs as the Secretary may require; and the person receiving such payments agrees to operate the gear purchased with the assistance of such payment in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary. (3) Short-term loans for operating ex- penses of primary producers. When COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW loans are made under this paragraph, the interest rate shall be 3 percent and repayment will be required only from net profits of the fishing operation, which net profit shall be reduced by such rea- sonable amount as determined by the Secretary for the salary of the fisher- man. No such loans will be made un- less the Secretary deems such action necessary to aid in restoring primary producers adversely affected by the said commercial fishery failure to a condi- tion that will permit them to resume operations; the funds are not othewise available on reasonable terms; and the past earning and credit record of the applicant is such that it provides rea- sonable assurance of repayment. (4) Payments to State Agencies for projects directly related to the restora- tion of the fishery affected by the said resource disaster or to prevent a similar failure of the fishery in the future. Such preliminary project proposals and their processing will be subject to all regula- tions relating thereto in this Part, ex- cept that these projects will be given preference over other proposed projects with reference to the use of funds ob- Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, this issue p. 25; September 1964 p. 100. Small Business Administration Vol. 26, No. 10 tained under subsection 4(b) of the Act, and Federal funds may be used for 100 percent of the cost of the project if all of the funds are obtained from appro- Priations authorized under subsection 4(b) of the Act. (b) Non-determination. At any time when there is no of a commercial fishery failure as described in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary may, if he deems such action to be in further- ance of the purposes of the Act, approve preliminary project proposals for fund- ing under subsection 4(b) of the Act from funds carried over from previous fiscal years; provided however, that no preliminary project proposal from any State will be funded under this subsec- tion until that State has had all of its available apportioned funds, if any, ob- tained from appropriations authorized under subsection 4(a) of the Act, obligated. This amendment shall become effec- tive on the date of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JoHN W. KELLEY, Acting Secretary of the Interior. Eighty -Eighth Congress (Second Session) LOANS TO NEW ENGLAND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FIRMS IN JULY 1964: Approval of 3 commercial fisheries loans in July 1964 was announced August 3, 1964, by the Boston Regional Office of the Small Public bills and resolutions which may di- rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and Business Administration (SBA), a $3,000 di- rect commercial fishing loan to run 6 years at 4 percent annual interest was made bySBA to Carl Sherman Purington of Addison, Maine. The loan funds were used to liquidate a 90- day note on Purington's vessel. The Brown Fish Meal Company of East- port, Maine, received a $7,500 direct loan from SBA. The firm will use the funds for debt retirement and as working capital. The loan was for 6 years at 4 percent annual in- terest. Both loans were made in depressed areas and were thus eligible for the low 4per- cent interest rate. Seafair Inc., Phippsburg, Maine, received a $15,000 direct loan from SBA for 6 years at 543 percent annual interest. The loan helps provide building, equipment, and working capital for the firm which is operating a clam - cleansing plant. allied industries are reported upon. Intro- duction, referral to committees, pertinent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered. ALASKAN FUR SEALS: On September 1, 1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate on Alaskan fur seals and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (p. 20564) an article from the Race oT, 1564, issue of the 'New York Times" on the sealskin harvest in the Pribilof Islands. ALASKA OMNIBUS ACT AMENDMENT: H. Rept. 1710, Amending the Alas nibus ugust F. 1564, report from the Committee of conference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 6 pp., printed. The Committee recommended that the Senate October 1964 recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the House to S, 2881, to amend the Alaska Omnibus Act to provide assistance to the State of Alaska for the recon- struction of areas damaged by the earthquake of March 1964 and subsequent seismic waves, and for other pur- poses; also that the Act be cited as the "1964 amend- ments to the Alaska Omnibus Act."’ Total amount au- thorized to be appropriated is not to exceed $55,650,000. Contains the amendments and statement of the manag~ ers on the part of the House. Senator Gruening of Alaska spoke in the Senate on September 3, 1964, inserting in the Congressional Rec- ord (p. 20834), the message of the Governor of Alaska to the special legislative session called on August 31 in Alaska, Governor Egan outlined the steps necessary to implement the Federal assistance program. ANADROMOUS FISH CONSERVATION: On August 12, 1964, the House Committee on Merchan arine and Fisheries reported (H. Rept. 1768), with amendment, H, R. 2392, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the In- terior to initiate a program for the conservation, de- velopment, and enhancement of the Nation's anadromous fish in cooperation with the several states. H. Rept. 1768, Authorizing the Secretary of the In- ena hails te a e Conservation, De- to rogram for th velopment, and Enhancement of the Nation’s Anadro- mous Fish (August 12, 1904, report from the Commit- tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Repre- sentative, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 15 pp., printed. The Committee favorably reported (with amendments) and recommended passage of H.R. 2392. Contains the purpose, need, background, and section-by-section analysis of the legislation, and departmental reports, On September 1, 1964, House suspended the rules and passed, amended, H.R. 2392. As passed by the House, the bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to cooperate with the states in a program on behalf of anadromous fish. Up to $25 million could be appropri- ated from Federal funds for 50-percent cost-sharing in the program. Not more than 20 percent of the total could be spent in any one state. Involved are such spe- cies of fish as salmon, steelhead, shad, and striped bass. CHEMICAL PESTICIDES COORDINATION: On Sep- tember 1, 4, the House suspended the rules and passed, amended, H.R. 4487, to amend the act of Au- gust 1, 1958, in order to prevent or minimize injury to fish and wildlife from the use of insecticides, herbi- cides, fungicides, and pesticides, Passed by a record vote of 236 yeas to 110 nays, As passed by the House, H.R, 4487 authorizes the Secretary of the Interior (Fish and Wildlife Service) to study the effects of pesti- cides on fish and wildlife and then transmit the infor- mation to the Secretary ofAgriculture, Information on how injury to fish and wildlife can be prevented or min- imized would then be printed on the labels of pesticide containers, Section 2 of the bill would raise the ceiling on pesticide research by the Service to $3.2 millionfor current (1965) fiscal year and $5 million annually thereafter. The ceiling under existing law is $2,565,000. Objection was raised to the consideration of S, 1251, to amend the act of August 1, 1958, as amended, to in- crease the authorization for pesticide research by the Secretary of the Interior. The Senate thus must con- sider the.House bill. Senate bill authorizes the same amounts for research as the House bill, but eliminates the section on labeling. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 On September 3, 1964, the Senate passed H.R. 4487, after adopting an amendment to substitute for its fext the language of S. 1251, companion bill, as it passed the Senate on June 22, 1564. CONTINENTAL SHELF LANDS: H.R, 11961(Aspin- all), was introduced in the House July 21, 1564, at the request of the Department of Defense, to permit the De- partment of Defense and the Department of the Interior to furnish notice to Congress relating to the restriction of outer continental shelf lands for defense purposes; referred to the Committee on Interior’and Insular Af- fairs. FOOD-FOR-PEACE, AND-FISH: Extension of P,L. 480, 65rd Congress (Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 110 pp., printed. Contains hear- ing held August 12, 1964, on S, 1498, S, 2687, and S, 2925 to extend the Agriculture Trade Development and As- sistance Act of 1954 (P. L, 480, 83rd Congress) and for other purposes. Contains statements from Senators, Federal officials, and representatives of associations. On August 12, 1964, the Senate agreed to the amend- ment offered by Senator McGovern to H. R. 11380, a bill to amend further the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, which authorizes the appropriation of $50 mil- lion under the authority of the foreign aid bill now be- fore the Senate for the purchase of domestically-pro- duced beef, poultry, other meats and meat products, dairy products, rice, and other high-protein foods which are in adequate supply in the United States for donation to school lunch and similar programs in foreign coun- tries which are eligible for assistance under the bill. Senator McGovern stated that other high-protein foods would include fish and fish products. Senator Bartlett also submitted an amendment to implement the provi- sion of P, L, 480 which added fish to the food-for-peace program, but he later withdrew the amendment after it was considered and discussed, On September 2, 1964, the House adopted by a voice vote H. Res. 865, the rule providing for the consideration of and2 hours ofdebate on H. R. 12298, toextend the Ag- riculture Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P. L, 480-83rd Congress). The House concluded allde- bate and commenced reading the bill for amendment but did not conclude consideration of the bill. On September 3, 1964, by a record vote of 349 yeas to 6 nays the House passed H.R, 12298, The passage was subsequently vacated and 5, 2687, a similar bill, was passed in lieu after being amended to contain the House- passed language. A substitute amendment that provided new text for section 1 of the bill was adopted that elimi- nated an amendment tentatively adopted earlier regard- ing congressional supervision and appropriations for the making of grants on loans of foreign currencies. The House insisted on its amendment to S, 2687, re- quested a conference with the Senate, and appointed con- ferees. On September 10, 1964, the Senate disagreed to House amendments to S, 2687, to extend for 2 years the Agri- culture Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, agreed to conference and appointed conferees. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE APPROPRI- A earings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Sen- ate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), Part 1, 1,074 pp., Part 2, 1,018 pp., printed, Contains hearings held on H. R. 88 10809, making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, and related agencies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Includes statements and budget summaries from the agencies covered, as well as state- ments from outside witnesses. Included are funds under the Food and Drug Administration for botulism research, under the Public Health Service for water pollution con- trol, shellfish sanitation, shellfish certification, Testi- mony was presented on the Public Health Service's two new laboratories for shellfish sanitation measures -- one in Alabama to service the southern states and one in Rhode Island to serve’ the northeast. Also, on dams and oysters, and the depuration process for certain mollusks. Bill reported in Senate August 17, 1964, by the Com- mittee on Appropriations (S. Rept. 1460). Passed Sen- ate, amended, August 19, 1964, Senate asked for a con- ference August 19, 1964, and House agreed to conference Sept. 1, 1964. S. Rept. 1460, Departments of Labor, and Health, Ed- ucation, and Welfare, and Related Agencies Appropri- ations Bill, 1965 (Aug. 17, 1964, report from the ean mittee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 82 pp., printed. The Commit- tee on Appropriations recommended passage, with amendments of, H.R. 10809, appropriations for the De- partments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Wel- fare, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Committee rec- ommendations are presented and explained, Contains budget estimates for each agency, Under Department of Health, Education, and Welfare appropriations are funds for water.supply and water pollution control; shell- fish sanitation, shellfish certification; special investi- gation of water pollution in the lower Mississippi where large fish kills have occurred, Under Food and Drug Administration funds are included for botulism re- search, A Senate-House conference committee on Septem- ber 2, 1964, ordered a favorable report (H. Rept. 1880) on H.R, 10809. Conferees granted $35,009, ‘or Wa- ter Supply and Pollution Control. The amount agreed upon includes $500,000 for a special investigation of water pollution in the lower Mississippi. No funds are included for the forward staffing of regional water pol- lution control laboratories, as proposed by the Senate. H. Rept. 1880, Departments of Labor, and Health, and Welfare, ad Relator Agencies Appropriations Bill, 1965 Gept. 2, 1964, report from the Committee on Confer- _ ence, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 10 pp., printed. The Committee on Conference disagreed to Senate amendments on H.R. 10809, making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, and Heaitth, Education, and Welfare, and related agencies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. The Committee appropriated $35,009,000 for Water Supply and Water Pollution Control instead of $34.239,000 as proposed by the House and $35,354,000 as. proposed by the Senate. The amount agreed upon includes $500,000 for special investigation of water pollution in the lower Mississippi where large fish kills have oc- curred, No funds are included for the forward staffing of regional water pollution control laboratories as pro- posed by the Senate. Contains the recommendations of the Committee of Conference, and a statement of the managers on the part of the House. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 PACIFIC ISLANDS TRUST TERRITORY DEVELOP M. 8 n August 12; 1964, the House concurred in the Senate amendments to H.R. 3198, to promote the economic and social development of the Trust Terri- tory of the Pacific Islands, and cleared the bill for the President. As amended by the Senate, the act provides that the Trust Territory would retain its currentstatus as a foreign area" for the purposes of the Tariff Act. On August 22, 1964, the President signed H.R. 3198 (P. L, 88-487). “wale PUBLIC WORKS APPROPRIATIONS, 1965: (Hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropri- ations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Ses- sion), Part 1, 1,248 pp.; Part 2, 1,166 pp.; printed. Con- tains hearings held on H.R. 11579, making appropria- tions for civil functions to allow for continuing progress in the nation's water resources development and for a limited number of new starts on surveys and planning and construction projects, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Functions are adminis- tered by the Department of the Army, certain agencies of the Department of the Interior, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and cer- tain study commissions. Includes statements and bud- gets from the agencies concerned, Funds for Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act studies by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are included, H.R, 11579 reported by Committee on Appropria- tions June 11, 1964 (H. Rept. 1479). Passed by House June 16, 1964. Reported in Senate August 5, 1964, by Committee on Appropriations (S. Rept. 1326). Passed by Senate, amended, August 7, 1964, Senate asked for a conference same day; House agreed tc conference Au- gust 12, 1964. Conference report filed August 13, 1964 (H, Rept. 1794). House and Senate agreed to conference August 14, 1964. H. Rept. 1794, Public Works Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Aug. 13, 1964, report from the Committee of Confer- ence, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 44 pp., printed. Committee of Conference disagreed to Senate amendments to H.R, 11579, making appropriations for certain civil functions administered by the Department of Defense, the Panama Canal, cer- tain agencies of the Department of the Interior, the Atomic Energy Commission, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the Tennessee Valley Author - ity, and the Delaware River Basin Commission for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. The Committee appropriated $210,000 for Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act studies by the Fish and Wild- life Service which is the same amount as the approved budget estimate for fiscal year 1965. Includes budget summaries from agencies covered, and appropriations recommended by House Committee of Conference. STATE DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965; Departments of State, Justice, an ommerce, e Ju- diciary and related Agencies Appropriations, 1965 (Hearings before the Sin Pe of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), Part 1, 987 pp., Part 2, 911 pp.; printed. Con- tains hearings held April 14-July 8, 1964, on H.R. 11134, making appropriations for the Departments of State, Jus- tice, and Commerce, The Judiciary, and related Agen- cies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965. Contains testimony and statements from various Federal officials and Senators. Included in State Department appropri- ations are funds for the International Fisheries Com- missions, October 1964 S. Rept. 1380, Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Ap- ropriations Bill, ug. 12, 1964, report from Benimiittes on Appropriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), to accompany H.R, 11134, 29 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage (with amendments) of H.R. 11134, appropriations for the Lepartments of Stafe, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and related agencies for fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Committee rec- ommendations are presented and explained, Contains a general statement, budget estimates for each agency, and major provisions of the bill. Included under De- partment of State are funds for International Fisheries Commission, The Senate Committee recommended $2,1 million for this item--$100,000 over the House allow- ance, but $39,000 under the budget estimate. H. Rept, 1817, Departments of State, Justice, and Relate encies Appropriations Bill, 1565 (Aug. 15, 1964, report from the Committee of Conference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session), 7 pp., printed, The Committee of Conference disagreed to Senate amendments to H.R, 11134, making appropria- tions for the Lepartments of State, Justice, and Com- merce, the Judiciary and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes, Contains the recommendations of the Committee of Con- ference and a statement of the managers on the part of the House. Under the Department of State, the Com- mittee recommended for International Fisheries Com- mission $2,025,000 instead of $2.0 million as proposed by the House and $2.1 million as proposed by the Sen- ate, On August 17, 1964, the House and Senate adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 1817) on H. R. 11134, making appropriations for the Department of State for FY 1965, clearing the legislation for the President, In- cluded in the compromise bill is $2,025,000 for Inter- national Fisheries Commissions, an increase of $25,000 over the House-passed bill, but $75,000 less than the amount recommended by the Senate, The 1965 appro- priation is $25,000 more than the amount appropriated for FY 1964, but $114,000 less than the amount request- ed in the Department's FY 1965 budget estimate, VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENTS: On August 18, 1964, the Senate agreed fo House Amend- ments.to S, 1006, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels and cleared the bill for the President. On August 30, 1964, the President sign- VESSELS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1964: H. Doc 274, Merchant Vessels of the United States, 1964 (In- cluding Yachts), 1,272 pp., printed. House of Repre- sentatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, Lists every American merchant vessel (including fishing vessels and yacht which nad anuncanceled document on January 1, 1964, Also specifies official number, signal letters, name, rig, tonnage, home port, and place and date of construction of every such vessel, Annual pub- lication of Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department, to comply with act of Congress. (For sale by the Su- perintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 20402, at $7.25 a copy.) WATER POLLUTION: On September 10, 1964, Sen- ator Morse spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 21305-21306) an arti- cle from the September issue of American Forest en- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 titled "Pollution: Everybody's Fight." The article gives particular attention to the discharge into rivers and streams of industrial waste and sewage from nu- merous towns, cities, and industries. Also to the prob- lem that salmon and steelhead runs in Oregon cannotbe maintained if water quality is not improved. There is concern for 70 million chinook salmon planted in the Willamette during the spting of 1964 by that State's Fish Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice. Congressman Green inserted the same article in the Appendix of the same Congressional Record (pp. A4667-A4669), WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: Water Pollution Control! an atement (Part 1A & IB-- National Survey)--(Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, 88th Con- gress, lst Session), Part 1A, 940 pp.; Part 1B, 972 pp., printed. Contains hearings held May 21-24, 27-29; June 3-6, 10-14, 18, 20, & 25, 1963. The Committee held hearings on Nation's problems of water pollution and what should be done to control and abate them, Contains statements given by Congressmen, Senators, various Federal and state officials, conservation groups, industry representatives, and others. On September 2, 1964, the House Committee on Pub- lic Works met in executive session on S, 649, and re- lated bills, regarding water pollution, No final action was taken and the Committee continued in executive session on September 3, 1964, On September 3, 1964, the House Committee on Pub- lic Works ordered favorably reported to the House S. 649, and related bills regarding water pollution, to a- mend the Federal Water Pollution Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis- tration, to increase grants for construction of munici- pal sewage treatment works, to provide financial as- sistance to municipalities and others for the separation of combined sewers, to authorize the issuance of regu- lations to aid in preventing, controlling, and abating pollution of interstate, or navigable waters, and for other purposes. On September 4, 1964, the House Com- mittee on Public Works reported to the House S, 649. WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL: On August 21, 1964, Congressman Donohue under an extension of remarks in that day's Congressional Record (pp. A4505-4506) urged that appropriate steps be taken to bring before the House for passage before the Congress ends S. 1111, to provide for the optimum development of the Nation's natural resources through the coordinated planning of water and related land resources, through the estab- lishment of a Water Resources Council and river basin commission, and providing financial assistance to the states in order to increase state participation in such planning. On September 2, 1964, the House Committee on In- terior and Insular Affairs reported, amended, S. 1111 (H. Rept. 1877). Referred to the House Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. WHALE CONSERVATION: On September 8, 1964, Senator Bartlett of Alaska spoke in the Senate on the depletion of the whale population, and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 21033-21034) an arti- cle from the August 1964 issue of the Seattle "Fisher- men's News" concerning Japan's obligations under the International Whaling Convention, oe oe -e 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 By | | ly rE _a ae Sar! eX. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, D. C. 20402, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS, MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH, - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). SL Number Title CFS-3478 - Michigan Landings, January 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3484 - New Jersey Landings, 1963 Annual Sum- mary, 10 pp. CFS-3490 - New York Landings, 1963 AnnualSummary, 12 pp. CFS-3509 - Massachusetts Landings (By Gear and Sub- area), 1963 Annual Summary, 14 pp. CFS-3523 - brrozen Fishery Products, May 1964, 6 pp. CFS=-3534 - Louisiana Landings, April 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3538 - Maine Landings, April 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3539 - Texas Landings, September 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3541 - Texas Landings, October 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3542 - Maryland Landings, 1963 Annual Summary, 11 pp. CFS-3543 - New Jersey Landings, May 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3544 - Ohio Landings, March 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3545 - Wisconsin Landings, April 1964, 2 pp. CFS~-3546 - Michigan Landings, April 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3547 - Ohio Landings, April 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3548 - Texas Landings, November 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3549 - Texas Landings, December 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3550 - Rhode Island Landings, February 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3554 - Louisiana Landings, May 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3556 - Maryland Landings, April 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3558 - Maryland Landings, May 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3560 - North Carolina Landings, June 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3561 - Wisconsin Landings, May 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3562 - Maine Landings, May 1964, 4 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1963 (Revised): = 4 - Rhode Island, 2 pp. iv ie SL- 6 - New York Coastal Area, 11 pp. SL- 7 - New Jersey, 4 pp. SL- 8 - Pennsylvania (Coastal Area), 3 pp. SL-13 - North Carolina, 6 pp. SL-17 - Alabama (Coastal Area), 3 pp. SL-18 - Mississippi (Coastal Area), 3 pp. SL-19 - Louisiana (Coastal Area), 7 pp. FIT pei gt ok WW eee gy DW. E/2 FISHERY PUBLICAT! be wa Oe SO See ee 2 - Pg acc. Sy aT ey CLS So: reeutasves BoX=Z Vol. 26, No. 10 ey ONS SL-20 - Texas (Coastal Area); 7 pp. SL-22 - Oregon, 3 pp. SL-23 - Washington, 6 pp. SL-33 - North Dakota, 1 p. SL-46 - Texas (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 2 pp. Sep. No. 709 - A Progress Report on the Development of International Food Standards. FL-555 - The Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush), by Paul H. Eschmeyer, 8 pp., illus., February 1964. Discusses the lake trout's physical characteristics, geographic distribution, reproduction, young of the species, age and growth, food, movement, artificial propagation, and fisheries, Also discusses the dep- redations of the sea lamprey on lake trout in the Great Lakes. FL-561 - List of Fish and Wildlife Service Papers on’ Physical and Chemical Oceanography, 1940-1962, by Lola T. Dees, 15 pp.,, March 1964, FL-566 - Bacterial Kidney Disease of Salmonid Fishes, by Ken Wolf, 4 pp., revised March 1964, FL-570 - Basic List of Publications in English on Fish Diseases and Parasites, by S. F. Snieszko, Glenn L, Hoffman, and Ken Wout, 4 pp., June 1964, SSR-Fish. No. 459 - The Fishery for Scup with Special Reference to Fluctuations in Yield and Their Causes, by William C, Neville and Gerald B, Talbot, 65 pp., illus., revised 1964, SSR-Fish, No. 477 - North Pacific Oceanography, Feb- ruary-April 1962, by Felix Favorite and others, 69 pp., illus., February 1964. SSR-Fish. No, 482 - Fish Population Studies, Lewis and Clark Lake, Missouri, 1956-1962, by Charles H. Walburg, 27 pp., June 1964, Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for the Year 1962, 101 pp., illus., printed, 1964. During the calendar year 1962, it became increasingly apparent that the worldwide population explosion had resulted in a rapid expansion of the fisheries on all of the world's oceans as many nations sought proteinfrom the seas for their people, The efforts of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to utilize wisely the na- tion's fishery resources cover a wide range of ac- tivities, from basic research in fields such as fish- ery biology and fish oil technology to“practical appli- cations such as demonstrations of fish cookery in schools and the dissemination of daily prices for fish landed in principal United States ports. The re- October 1964 port touches briefly on developments during 1962 in the domestic fisheries, Federal legislation pertain- ing to the industry, and international fishery mat- ters. It also discusses principal Bureau accomplish- ments in fishery market promotion, products inspec- tion, statistics collection, market news data, eco- nomic studies, vessel safety promotion, and other fields; financial assistance programs; shellfish ge- netic and fishery commodity studies; and coopera- tion with international, Federal, state, and other agencies. Included are discussions of the organiza- tion, employment, budget, and physical property of the Bureau; and publications written by its person- nel. Appendixes contain statistics of United States fisheries; organizations with which the Bureau had contracts; and data on the Fisheries Loan Program. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISH- ERIES, RM, 510, B15 N, FORT MYER OR., ARLINGTON, VA. 22209, Number Title MNL- 6 - Portugal's Fishing Industry, 1963, 28 pp. MNL-18 - Panama's Fishing Industry, 1963, 9 pp. MNL-57 - Fisheries in the Federal Republic of Ger- many, 1963, 27 pp. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part IT - Fishery Products Production and Were Data, June 1964, 15 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can- ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari- zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for the month in- dicated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, July 1964, 9 pp., illus., (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, P.O, Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego, Calif. 92100.) Contains sea-surface temper- atures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated, Includes an ar- ticle, ''Tagged bluefin tuna recovered off Japan." California Fishery Products and Byproducts Brokers, Importers, and Exporters, 1964, i July 1964, (Market News Service, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market res and Frozen Fishery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, June 1964, 18 pp. (Mar- ket ee Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Customs House, 610 S, Canal St., Rm. 1014, Chicago, Ill. 60607.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month in- dicated, Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, Ss and Jury 1964, pp., each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Or- leans, La, 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, fin- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 fish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; whole- sale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the months indicated, List of Primary Receivers of Imported Fishery Prod- ——ucts and Byproducts at Houston, Tex., 1964, 2 pp., July 28, 1964. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Or- leans, La, 70130.) List of Primary Receivers of Imported Fisher Prod- ucts at Miami, Fla., 1964, 3 pp., pril 9, 1964. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in electe reas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, June 1964, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hamp- ton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumula- tive and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp produ¢tion; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, June 1964, “22 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fish- ery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery land- ings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachu- setts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Province- town, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rock- land), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to pri- mary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. New England Importers and Brokers of Imported Fish- e fave November 1963 , 9 pp. (Market News ervice, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Common- wealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthl Summary, May and June , 19 pp. each, (Mar- ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York, N. Y. 10038.) Includes sum- maries and analyses of receipts and prices on whole- sale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs district; primary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery prod- ucts; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the months indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade, 1963 (In- cluding Statistics and Marketing Trends), 47 pp. (Fishery Market News Service, U.S, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, #55 John St., New York, N.Y. 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 10038.) The first part of this annual summary dis- cusses fishery products receipts and marketing trends in the salt-water section of New York's whole- sale Fulton Fish Market during 1963. The second section covers marketing trends and receipts in the fresh-water fish market (Peck Slip Area), Thethird part contains miscellaneous trends and developments: landings at Stonington, Conn., during 1963; monthly range of wholesale prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles at New York City, 1962/63. The fourth part presents a series of statistical tables giving receipts of fresh and frozen finfish and shellfish by species, states and provinces, and transport methods; im- ports at New York, 1962/63; receipts of finfish and shellfish by states; prices of fresh fishery products by months; and ex-vessel prices at Fulton Fish Mar- ket by species and months. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Pro ucts for Selected Areas and Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, July 1964, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pa- cific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by inde- pendent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washing- ton customs district; for the month indicated. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ABALONE: "Abalone. . .Where it's found, how to process it," article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 6, June 1964, pp. 19, 27, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Aus- tralia. Discusses distribution, harvesting, and proc- essing of abalone. Designed to assist fishermen searching for the mollusc, AFRICA: A Note on the Fisheries of Africa, 14 pp., printed, ~ 1964, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. A paper prepared for the 6th Session of the United Nations Economic Commission for Af- rica, Addis Ababa, held February 19-March 3, 1964, AGAR-AGAR "Preparation and properties of agar-agar from Indi- an seaweeds,'' by A. N. Kappanna and A, Viswes- wara Rao, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, Au- gust 19, 1963, 3717e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. "Soluble agar and carrageen gums," article, Food Manufacture, vol. 39, March 1964, p. 87, printed. Leonard Hill, Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., Lon- don NW1, England. ALASKA: 1963 Alaska Commercial Fisheries Catch and Produc- tion Statistics, by Philip E. Chitwood, Statistical Leaflet No. 7, 28 pp., printed, July 1964. Alaska De- partment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. ALGAE: Chemistry of Blue-Green Algae (CYANOPHYCEAE), y G.K, Barashkov, OTS 62-32780, 10 pp., printed, August 1, 1962, $1.10. (Translated from the Russian, Botanicheskii Zhurnal, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 447-454.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. Chlorophyllase and Formation of an Atypical Chloro- ide in Marine Algae, by J. Barrett and S. W. Tolirey, 4a pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Plant Physiology, vol. 39, no. 1, January 1964, pp. 44-47.) faberaters of Comparative Biology, Kaiser Founda- tion Research Institute, S. 14th St. and Cutting Blvd., Richmond, Calif, AMINO ACIDS: "Fish and fish products. Part V--Quantitative esti- mation of essential amino acids in fish protein through ion-exchange resin columns and paper chro- matograms," by N. A. Khan and Kh. M. Quddusur Rahman, article, Scientific Researches, vol. 1, no. 2, April 1964, pp. 88-95, illus., printed, single copy 65 cents. East Regional Laboratories, P.C.S.I.R., Mir- pur Rd., Dhamondi, Dacca-2, East Pakistan, AQUARIUMS: A Continuous Flow, Seawater Aquarium Suitable for Experimental Work With Live Marine Animals, by James 5. Stewart and H.B. Power, Circular No. 13, 7 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N.S., Canada. ARGENTINA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Argentina, by Walter Haider, OBR S486, 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C, 20402.) Discusses Argentina's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documenta- tion and fees, and labeling and marking requirements, Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government representation between the two coun- tries. ATLANTIC OCEAN: Scientific Conference on the Results of Oceanographic ee of the Atlantic Ocean, by K.A Scdykh 63- 5 , 16 pp., printed, May 7, 1963, 50cents. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiia, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 175-177.) Office of Technical Serv- ices, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. AUSTRALIA: "Navy and CSIRO co-operate to aid fisheries," arti- cle, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 5, May 1964, pp. 17, 19, illus., printed. Commonwealth Fish- eries Office, Department of Primary Industry, Can- berra, Australia. Describes the aims of Australian Navy oceanographic and survey cruises to be made this year. Gives details of the work being under- taken, Tasmania Inland Fisheries Commission Report for the Year Ended 30th June 1962, 16 pp., printed 1962. Tasmania Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. AUSTRIA: Fores Trade Regulations of Austria, by Catherine M. Kelley, OBR 64-57, 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U. S, De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Discusses Austria's trade policy, import tariff sys- tem, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. Also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import controls, United States foreign trade con- trols, and Government representation between the two countries, BELGIUM: Rapport Annuel sur 1'’Evolution de la Flotte de Peche en 1963 (Annual Report of the Status of the Fishing Fleet in 1963), 43 pp., processed in French, Ad- ministration de la Marine et de la Navigation In- terieure, Ministere des Communications et des Postes, Telegraphes et Telephones, Brussels, Bel- gium. BIBLIOGRAPHIES: Preliminary Bibliography of Fish and Fisheries for Hong Kong and South China Sea, by A. Soulier, Oc- casional Paper 64/2, 13 pp:, printed, 1964, Indo- Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thai- land, BLACK SEA: AZOV-Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Ma- rine Fishing and Oceanography, by 1. O. Sakovets, OTS 63-21559, 28 pp., printed, April 10, 1963, 75 cents. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoz- iaistvo, vol. 36, no. 7, 1960, pp. 35-394 Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. BLUEFISH: "Bluefish--It's not a total mystery," by James R. Westman, article, The Conservationist, vol, 18, no, 6, June-July 1964, pp. 18-20, illus., printed, The New York State Conservation Department, State Campus, Albany, N.Y. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol, 50, no, 3, July 1964, 97 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Docu- ments Section, P.O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. Includes, among others, the following arti- cles: "An ecological survey of a marine environ- ment prior to installation of a submarine outfall," by Charles H. Turner, Earl E, Ebert, and Robert R, Given; ''First records for the bigeye thresher (Alo- ias superciliosus) and slender tuna (Allothunnus _ Aer from California, with notes on Eastern Pacific scombrid otoliths,"" by John E. Fitch and William L, Craig, ''California striped bass estimates for 1961," by Arnold B. Albrecht; 'Weight-length relationship for bluefin tuna in the California fishery, 1963," by Robert R. Bell; and "1916, the pioneer year of tuna tagging on the Pacific Coast of North America," by Franklin G, Alverson and Bruce M, Chatwin, CANADA; Tne Canadian Fish Culturist, Issue 32, May 1964, 63 “pp.,; illus., printed, Information and Consumer Serv- ice, Department of Fisheries of Canada, Ottawa, Can- ada. Includes articles on: 'Flatworm problems in fish," by Reino S. Freeman; "Planting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)--Mitchill in estuarial waters," by J. W. Saunders and M. W. Smith; "A retractable transducer for small boat echo sounding," by V.R. Taylor; "A false weir fishtrap," by K.H. Kupka; and “Return of pink salmon to Robertson Creek shows promise of success," by F.C. Boyd, Fisheries Branch and Fishermen's Loan Board of New Brunswick Annual Report, 1963, 1 vol., printed, 1964. Fisheries Branch, Department of Industry and De- velopment, N.B., Canada, Fisheries Statistics, New Brunswick, 1962, 35 pp., illus., printed in French and English, July 1964, 75 Canadian cents, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of landings by species and dis- tricts of New Brunswick, 1961/62; quantity and value of products by species from 1950-1962; classification of fishing craft by tonnage, length, and type of gear’ used; number of fishermen in New Rrunswick; new capital investment in the commercial fishery, 1961/62; and persons engaged in the major fisheries, 1961/62. CHESAPEAKE BAY: Chesapeake Science, vol. 5, nos. 1-2, March-June 1964, 105 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesa- peake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. In- cludes articles on: "Eggs, larvae and young of the white perch, Roccus americanus, with comments on its ecology in the estuary,” by Romeo J. Mansueti; "Early development of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens, by Alice Jane Mansueti; "Spawning of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in the Chesapeake Bay, with observations of juvenile specimens," by Edwin B. Joseph, John J. Norcross, and William H. Mass- mann; and "Modification and operation of the Gulf I-A high speed plankton sampler," by Robert E. Smith, Donald P, deSylva, and Richard A, Livellara. CHINA: Numerous Aquatic Products Found in Gulf of Peichili, by Cheng-chich Li, OTS 63-13537, 4 pp., printed, De- cember 13, 1962, $6.60. (Translated from the Chi- nese, Kuang-ming Jih-pao, Peiping, October 5, 1962, 2 pp.) fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CLAMS: The Bay Clams of Oregon, by Lowell D. Marriage, ~ Educational Bulletin No. 2, 29 pp., printed, 1958. Fish Commission of Oregon, Portland, Oreg. "Proteins of shellfish, XI--Hydration of muscle of clam," by R. Baba, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11613, printed, merican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. COD: The Connection Between Hydrological Conditions and Fluctuations inthe Aeiaeance of Year Classes of Cod, by A.G. Kisliakov, 6 pp., processed, 1963 (Translated from the Russian, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissiia, Trudy Soveshchanii, no, 19, 1961, pp. 260-264.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowe- stoft, Suffolk, England. Some Data on the Feeding of the Barents Sea Cod ~ GAD US MORHUA MORH RHUA L. in Experimental Con- ditions, by M. I. Tarvardieva, Translations No. 116, 19 pp., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 1962.) Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. COLD-STORAGE: "Cold storage of retail-packed fillets of mackerel and herring,'' by Arne Liljemark, article, Food Technol- ee vol, 18, no. 3, 1964, pp. 122-124, printed. The arrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Il. COMPOSITION: Composition of Foods--Raw, Processed, Prepared, by ernice K, Watt and Annabel L. Merrill, Agriculture Handbook No, 8, 192 pp., printed, revised December 1963, $1.50. Consumer and Food Economics Re- search Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) In this edition, data previously published have been reexamined and values for some nutrients have been revised to take into account more recent findings. Many new foods have been added to the tables, bring- ing the total to about 2,500 items. New food prod- ucts added include numerous kinds of nut, fish, and poultry items. In the section of notes on food is a short critical analysis of studies on the composition of fish. CONFERENCES: "Conferencia da pesca da Europa Ocidental’' (Western European fishery conference), by Armando de Oli- veira Hagatong, article, Conservas de Peixe, vol. 19, no, 219, June 1964, pp. 18-19, 28, printed in Portu- guese, Sociedade da Revista Conservas de Peixe, Lda., Regueirao dos Anjos, 68, Lisbon, Portugal. CRABS: How to Build--In Fifteen Easy Steps--a Crab Pot, 3 pp-, illus., printed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fish- eries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. CRAWFISH: "Geographic variation in the crawfish Faxonella cly- peata (Hay) with the definition and defense of the Vol. 26, No. 10 genus Faxonella creaser (Decapoda, Astacidae)," by J. Fitzpatrick, article, Tulane Studies in Zoology, vol, 10, no. 1, 1963, pp. 57-79, illus., printed. faiane University, P.O. Station 20, New Orleans 18, La. CROAKER: Distribution and Abundance of Atlantic Croaker, MI- ~ CROPOGON UNDULATUS, in South Carolina, by _ Charles M. Bearden, Contribution No. 40, 21 pp., illus., printed, June 1964. Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, S.C. CRUSTACEA: "Moulting frequency of a deep-sea crustacean, Eup- hausia pacifica,'’ by Reuben Lasker, article, Nature, vol. 203, no. 4940, July 4, 1964, p. 96, printed, sin- gle copy 4s. (about 55 U.S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. DOLPHIN: The Directional Characteristics of DelphinidSounds, “by W.E. Evans, W. W. Sutherland, and R.G, Beil, 20 pp., printed, 1963. (Reprinted from Marine Bio- Acoustics - Proceedings of a Symposium held at Bimini, Bahamas, April 1963, pp. 355-3727,) Lockheed Air= craft Corp., Burbank, Calif, "Electronics goes after the dolphin," by John L, Rus- sell, Jr., article, The Aquarium, vol, 33, no. 8, Au- gust'1964, pp. 6-7, illus., printed, single copy 40 cents, Aquarium Publishing Co., P.O. Box 832, Norristown, Pa. Discusses the work of the Com- munication Research Institute, first research fa- cilities in the world devoted strictly to the study of dolphins. Deals particularly with speech capabili- ties of the dolphin. DRIED FISH: "Kusaya-no-himono (Rotten dried fish),"' by Yasukazu Terada and Takeo Kametania, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 58, April 1, 1963, 7298b, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20006, DRYING: "The use of a pyrethrum dip as protection for drying fish in Uganda," by R.H. McCellan, article, Chemi- cal Abstracts, vol. 60, March 16, 1964, 7363c, print- ed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. ECHO-SOUNDERS: An Introduction to Echosounding, 144 pp., illus., print- “ed, $1. Brown & Ross, Inc., fi Battery Pl., New York, N.Y. 10004, For more than a quarter century, the echo-sounder has been an indispensable aid to navigators. Its ability to supply depth measurements in practically all weather without impeding the crew's activities gives it a distinct advantage over the ear- lier lead-line sounding technique. This feature has made it invaluable for finding the ship's position and has reduced the risk involved in maneuvering near coastal and shoal waters. With echo-sounders, trawl- ers can fish along shelving coasts and banks once considered too dangerous for their operation. This booklet discusses in detail the operation of a German echo-sounder. Includes chapters on sound--its phys- ical characteristics; echos; effect of fish schools on an echo; reasons for using ultrasound; sounding tech- nique and sounder principles; graph indication; in- October 1964 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. terpretation of indications; indication of fish; and fish detecting with horizontal sounders. Also in- cludes a number of photos showing recordings or "echograms" made by the echo-sounder, EELS: "Hemoglobins from erythrocytes of eel, Anguilla japonica," by Kinzaburo Hamada and others, article, eee of Biochemistry, vol 55, February 1964, pp. 154-162, printed. The Japanese Biochemical So- ciety, c/o Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medi- cine, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. EXPORTS: Financial Procedures under Public Law 480--Em- hasis on Titles I and IV of the Agricultural Trade Devel velopment and Assistance Act, by John P. Bogu- mill an O. Halbert Goolsby, Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 17, 22 pp., illus., processed, May 1964, Economic Research Service, Develop- ment and Trade Analysis Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D, C. 20250. Explains the usual financial procedures used in transactions under Titles I and IV of the Agricultural Trade De- velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L.-480). Emphasis is placed on the international financial procedures employed in these programs and on the fiscal movement and accounting of United States- owned foreign currencies in the U. S. Department of the Treasury. Also presents a view of an entire P.L, 480 program, from the acquisition of surplus agricultural products to final sale of the products to a foreign country and the subsequent utilization of the currencies paid. FISH BEHAVIOR: A Study of the Behaviour of Fishes in the Zone of Ac- tion of Fishing Gear, by N.E. Aslanova, Transla-— tions No. 113, 26 pp., printed, 1963, (Translated from the Russian, VNIRO, 1958.) Fisheries Labora- tory, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. FISH DISEASES: "Some comments on the causes of disease in the carp Cyprinus carpio L. in the Volga delta," by V.G. troikina, article, Problems of Ichthyology, 1963, vol. 1, no, 26; Selected Articles, OTS 63-21781, print- ed, $1.50. (Translated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol, 3, no. 1 (26), 1963, pp. 171-176.) Of- fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20230. FISHERIES RESEARCH: Progress Report on the Work of the Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland and of the Humber Lab- oratory, Hull, England, Torry Miscellaneous Paper No, 3, 7 pp., printed, 1959. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, FISHERY CAREERS: "Careers in fish and game management," by W. Man- son Lawrence, article, The Conservationist, vol, 18, no, 6, June-July 1964, pp. 28-30, illus., printed. The New York State Conservation Department, State Cam- pus, Albany, N. Y. FISH FILLETS: Antibiotic Dips for Preserving Fish Fillets, by omy : a Castell and J. Dale, Bulletin No. 138, 70 pp., illus., printed, 1963, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada, FISH MEAL: "Method for extraction of herring meal for manufac- ture of meal, being particularly deficient in fat," ar- ticle, Norwegian Patent Claims in English Transla- tion, June 4, 1962, no, 99721, printed, esT.8S. A. Capelo, P.O. Box 46354, Hollywood 46, Calif. FISH OILS: "Fatty oils from shellfish," by Hisanao Igarashi, Koi- chi Zama and Kozo Takama, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol, 58, February 18, 1963, 3619d, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington, D. C, 20006, FISH POPULATIONS: "On the effect of feeding conditions on a fish popula- tion," by M. V. Zheltenkova, article, Population Dy- namics of Marine Fishes, vol. 34, 1958, 37 pp., proc- essed, 1959. (Translated from the Russian Trudy Vsesoiuznyi, N,-I. Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozi- aistva i Okeanografii, vol. 34, 1958, pp. 102-126.) Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Can- ada, St. John's, N. B., Canada. The Principles of Mathematical Representation of the “Dynamics of Commercial Populations of Fish (Print- Sip matematicheskogo modelirovaniia dinamike pro- myslovykh populiatsi ryb), by V.S. Ivlev, 14 pp., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Ak- ademiia Nauk SSSR, centile ee a Komiissiia, Trudy Soveshchanii, no. 13, > pp. 185-193.) Fish- eries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. FISH SOUNDS: Sonic Characteristics andMechanisms in Marine Fishes, by W.N. Tavolga, 17 pp., printed, 1963. (Reprinte from Marine Bio-Acoustics-Proceedings of a Sym- osium held at Bimini, Bahamas, Aor 1963, pp. ToS-211,) The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park W. at 79th St., New York 24, N.Y. FOOD ADDITIVES: "Carrageenan, a useful food additive," by Otto Chris- tensen, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 39, March 1964, pp. 44-47, printed, Leonard Hill, Ltd., Strat- ford House, 9 Enden St., London NW1, England. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: The Food and Agriculture Organization has publish- ed reports describing that Agency's activities under the Expanded Program for Technical Assistance for developing the fisheries of many countries. These re- ports have been processed only for limited distribu- tion to governments, libraries, and universities, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. First Report to the Government of Pakistan on Trawl- ing Operations in the Bay of Bengal, December 1962 to = ril 1963, Epicedseth HH. Bain and G, Tlugason, FAG Report No, 1767, 35 pp., printed, 1964, FOOD POISONING: "Effect of sodium alginate on Staphylococcus aureus during mild heating and freezing, by Lelia G. Scott 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. and Dorothy H. Strong, article, Applied Microbiology, vol, 12, March 1964, pp. 146-149, printed. Williams and Wilkins, Mt. Royal and Guilford Aves,, Balti- more 2, Md. FREEZE-DRYING: "Lipid oxidation and protein denaturation in freeze- dehydrated fish," by M. Toyomizu, Y. Matsumura and Y. Tomiyasu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no. 9, 1963, pp. BO1-855, illus., printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, FROZEN STORAGE: Hranenie Zamorozennoj Ryby (Frozen Storage of Fish). by A.I. Piskarev and others, 56 pp., illus., printed in Russian, 1963. Gostorgizdat, Moscow, U.S.S.R. GENETICS: Bionics and Fishing, U.S.S.R., by V.I. Tsvetkov and V.R. Protasov, ots 64=31057, 4 pp., printed, April 10, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Priroda, vol. 53, no, 2, 1964.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C. 20230. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Foreign Trade Regulations of the Federal Republic of Germany, by Margot W. Zener, OBR 64-55, 12 pp.,_ printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Internation- al Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D.C. 20402.) Discusses West Germany's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other inter- nal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. The report also covers spe- cial customs provisions, nontariff import controls, the country's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government representation be- tween the two countries. GREAT LAKES: "Great Lakes research," by E. E,J. Fry and G.K. Rodgers, article, Science, vol. 145, no. 3631, July 31, 1964, p. 516, printed, single copy 35 cents. Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. GREENLAND SEA; The Oceanographic Expedition to the Greenland Sea on the Diesel-Electric Ship “Lena” in 1958, by V. A. Shamont'ev, OTS 61-13977, 20 pp., printed, 1961, $1.60. (Translated from the Russian, Problem Arktiky, no. 6, 1959, pp. 124-127.) Office of Techni- Cal Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C. 20230. GULF OF MEXICO: The Gulf of Mexico Menhaden Fishery in Relation to. the Sports Fisheries, by Gordon Gunter, ML 64202, T0 pp., printed, 1964, (Reprinted from Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Six- teenth Annual Session, November 1963, pp. 99-108.) Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, 312 Audu- bon Bldg., New Orleans, La. 70112, HAKE: "Bacterial spoilage of hake,"' by E, Lamprecht and M. de Villiers, article, Annual Report 1962, Fishing In- dustry Research Institute, pp. 16-17, printed. Fish- ing Industry Research Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. "Discolouration of hake by moulded cartons," by A. Atkinson, article, Annual Report 1962, Fishing Indus- , Research Institute, pp. 17-18, printed. Fishing ndustry Research Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. "Effect of delay in freezing hake," by A. G. Pienaar, article, Annual Report 1962, Fishing Industry Re- search Institute, p. 19, printed. Fishing Industry Re- search Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. "Rapid chilling of hake," by G.M. Dreosti and C, K, Simmons, article, Annual Report 1962, Fishing In- dustry Research Institute, pp. 14-16, illus., printed. Fishing Industry Research Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. The Institute investigated the effects of slow and delayed chilling on the quality of hake in order to estimate the benefits of more rapid chilling. It also investigated other means or rapid chilling in bulk of freshly-caught fish. Headed and gutted hake were laid down in crushed ice under con- trolled conditions on board a trawler at sea and three days later samples were transferred to the Fishing Industry Research Institute where they were kept in single layers of flake ice for storage tests. The quality of the fish was assessed by the F.I.R.1. stand- ard odor test, The results showed that the total stor- age life from catching of hake could be extended from 8-10 days to 11 to 12 days by rapid chilling immedi- ately after landing on deck providing the fish were not bruised, The Institute also tested a method of chilling headed and gutted hake in bulk by recirculat- ing chilled brine through a vertical cylindrical con- tainer containing the fish. Circulating velocities were investigated and rapid cooling was obtained when the upward velocity through the container was such that the fish tended to float. The results showed that this method gave more rapid cooling thanstand- ard methods of icing in single layers. HERRING: The Distinction and Similarity in the Biological Char- acters of the White Sea and Sattic Herrin , by N. A. Dmitriev, OTS 61-31039, 8 pp., printed, tet, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morsko Banta Khoziaistva 1 Okeanografii, vol. 34, 1958, pp. ra 84, ice of Technical Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. 20230. The First Cruise of the Research Exploratory Expe- ‘dition of the Polar Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography into the North-Western Atlantic (Sum- mer 1960), in a Search for Herring (Pervyi reis nauchno-poiskovoi sel"dianoi ekspeditsii PINRO v severno-zapadnuiu Atlantiku letom 1960g), by L G. Iudanov, Translation 736, 2 pp., processed, February 1962. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiia, vol, 1, no. 4, 1961, pp. 756-757.) Marine Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Aberdeen, Scotland, October 1964 "Occurrence of thiaminase in Baltic herring," by Taina Kuusi, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, October 28, 1963, 10504a, printed, American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, On the Stock of Spring Herring in Hokkaido, by Mori- “Saburo Tauchi-OTS 0-17430, 6pp., printed, 1960, $1.10. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 13, no, 5, pp. =209, 1948.) Office of Technical Serv- ices, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 20230, ICELAND: "Cod fishing off Iceland,"' by John Jonsson, article, Iceland Review, vol, 2, no, 1, 1964, pp. 7, 9-10, illus.. printed, single copy 40 Kr, (about 95 U.S, cents), Iceland Review, P.O. Box 1238, Reykjavik, Iceland. ICHTHYOLOGY: Deep-Sea Fishes, by O. N. Kiselev, OTS 63-21455, 5 pp., printed, March 29, 1963, 50 cents, (Trans- lated from the Russian Priroda, no, 12, 1962, pp. 96-98.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230, Problems of Ichthyology, 1961, vol, 3, no. 20, OTS 63-21612, 44 pp., printed, April 18, 1963, $1.25. Of- fice of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Com- merce, Washington, D, C, 20230, IMPORTS: Changes in Presentation of U.S. Import Statistics Ef- ective (Notice to Users of the Census Report FT 125--Formerly FT 110and FT 120), 1964, 127 pp., processed, April 1964, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, 20233, Effective with the data for February 1964, signifi- cant changes have been inaugurated by the Bureau of the Census in the compilation and publication of import data which are of special interest to users of data formerly issued in report series FT 110 and FT 120. Those reports have been consolidated and redesigned and will be issued in report series 125. This brochure describes the scope and ar= rangement of the new report, furnishes a copy of Schedule A (Revised), and announces the availability of certain classes of data by special subscription, United States Imports of Merchandise for Consump- tion (Commodity by Country of Origin), 1963 Annual, Report FT 110, 451 pp., processed, June 1964, $1,00. Bureau of the Census, U.S, Department of Coni- merce, Washington, D, C. 20230, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Import statistics include government as well as nongovern- mental shipments of merchandise {including fish, shellfish, and fishery byproducts) from foreign coun- tries. INDIA: Fish Technology Newsletter, vol. 5, no, 1, April 1964, 19 pp., illus., processed. Central Institute of Fish- eries Technology, Ernakulam, India, Includes, a- mong others, the following articles: ‘Canning of sardines;" ''Freezing of frog legs;" “Fishery prod- ucts of commerce. II--Fish ensilage;' and ''Boat COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 building, I--Fastenings: typical fastenings for boat building." INLAND WATERWAYS: America's Waterways, 31 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Touring Service, Mobil Oil Company, 150 E, 42nd St., New York, N, Y. 10017. Boatmen want to know not only where to cruise, but where they may obtain charts of the selected areas, what the points of in- terest are, and where sailing ships and nautical mu- seums may be found, The first partofthis pamphlet lists the sources of most of the Goverrment charts and publications, Part 2 contains the listing of some of America's better known waterways. Each state has its own and there are hundreds, Part 3 dis- cusses each of 27 historical ships and museums. Part 4 is a listing of the states and Canadian prov- inces with their official sources of information on recreational areas. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: In the International Council on Investigation of theSea, “OTS 63-21280, printed, March 8, 1963, 50 cents. _ (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 38, no. 11, 1962, p. 93.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C, 20230, IRELAND: Foreign Trade Regulations of Ireland, by Edward A. Leslie, OBR 64-¢1, 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Dis- cusses Ireland's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements, The report also covers special customs provisions, non- tariff import controls, the country's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Govern- ment representation between the two countries. The import of some fishery products into Ireland is regu- lated by Government authorities. ISLE OF MAN: Marine Fauna of the Isle of Man and its Surroundin Seas, edited by J.R. Bruce, J.S. Colman, and N. 3. Jones, L.M.B.C. Memoir no, 36, 316 pp., illus., printed, 1963, £3 3s. (about US$8.82). Liverpool Uni- versity Press, 123 Grove St., Liverpool7, England. ITALY: "More stockfish for Italy," article, Iceland Review, vol. 2, no. 1, 1964, p, 15, illus., printed, single copy 40 Kr. (about 95 U.S. cents), Iceland Review, P.O. Box 1238, Reykjavik, Iceland. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol, 14, no, 4, February 1964, 83 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstracts and tables. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Includes, among others, the following arti- cles: 'Freeze vacuum drying of marine products. (III) Test onsalmonmeat,'' by Kiichiro Kobayashi and Shuzo Igarashi; "Studies on the fluorescent color- lamp for attracting of fish. (II) Under-water dis- tribution of color density and the fish-schools aggre- 98 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. gated," by Toshiro Kuroki, Hiroshi Nakayama, and Kiyohisa Ueno; "Lipids of salmonoid fishes, (VII) Cephalin from liver of salmon, Oncorhynchus|ma- sou," by Koichi Zama, Mutsuo Hatano, and Hisanao Tgarashi; "Studies on complete utilization of squid (Ommastrephes sloani pacificus), (XX) Manufac- ture of Sees squid meat ,» by HBiichi Tanikawa, Minoru Akiba, and Terushige Motohiro; and "Studies on ploteolytic enzymes of salmon pyloric caeca. (I) Partial purification and some properties." by Katsjui Yoshimura, Takeshi Shibata, and Hiroshi Ushiyama, "Japan; An underwater research vessel," article, New COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 ERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE MARINE ALGAE: Excretion of Colored Ultraviolet-Absorbing Substances by Marine Algae, by J.S. Craigie and J. fe chian, PP., aeintent 1964. (Reprinted from Canadian Journal of Botany, vol. 42, 1964, pp, 23-33.) Atlantic Regional Laboratory, Halifax, N.S., Canada. Marine Red Algae of Pacific Mexico. Part 8--Cera- miales: Dasyaceae, Rhodomelaceae, by 5. Yale Dawson 61 pp., printed, 3 eprinted from Nova Hedwigia, vol. 4, no. 3, 1963, pp. 401-481.) Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research, Solvang, Calif. Scientist, vol. 21, March 26, 1964, p. 819, printed. MARINE MAMMALS: Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, Lon- don WC1, England. Suisan Jiho, nos. 11-12, 1963, 72 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Agricultural and Fisheries Associa- tion, Tokyo, Japan. Contains these articles: '"Fish- eries policies in the North European countries," by Akira Arimatsu; "Abnormal conditions on fishes due to abnormal cold waves;" "Artificial hatching and stocking of salmon and trout in Sakhalin-Sano;" "Out- line of port and harbor facilities;" and "Bottom fish resources in the Northeast Area of Hokkaido." KOREA: Investment Factors in the Republic of Korea, by Joyce ; Bachmann, t 64-58, C3 Pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) A report of interest to businessmen considering an investment in the Republic of Korea. Korea offers a generally favorable Foreign Investment Encour- agement Law, reinforced by the investment guaranty program of the U.S. Agency for International De- velopment (AfD). The report discusses prospects for and Government policy toward foreign invest- ment; Government controls over industry; business organization; and taxation problems. Also covers capital availability and credit, labor conditions, ba- sic economic facilities, and investment services. The text of the Foreign Investment Encouragement Law is included. LAKE BAIKAL: Lake Baikal and its Life, by M. Kozhov, Monographiae Biologicae, vol. 11, 351 pp., illus., printed, 1963, $10. Dr, W. Junk, The Hague, Netherlands. MACKEREL: "Chemical composition of mackerel (Rastrelliger canagurta) and changes in the nutritive value Carine storage, by D.J. Nazir and N.G. Magar, article, Indian Journal of Technology, vol. 1, no. 6, 1963, pp. 247-245, printed. Indian Yournal of Technology, Hillside Rd., 12, Delhi, India. MARINE AIDS: Light List, Vol. V--Mississippi River System, 293 Pp., Ulus., printed, 1964, 175; U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Contains a list of lights, fog signals, buoys, and daybeacons for the Missis- sippi River System of the United States, Second Coast Guard District. | "Los danos que causan los animales marinos depre- dadores en el Mediterraneo" (The damage caused by the predaceous marine mammals of the Mediterrane- an), by M. Ravel, article, Puntal, vol. 11, no. 122, May 1964, pp. 2-5, illus., printed in Spanish, single copy 12 ptas. (about 20 U.S. cents). Puntal, Apartado de Correos 316, Alicante, Spain. MARYLAND: "Several Maryland fishes are close to extinction," by Frank Schwartz, article, Maryland Conservationist vol, 41, no, 3, May-June 1964, pp. 8-12, illus., print- ed, single copy 25 cents. Department of Game and Inland Fish, State Office Bldg., Box 231, Annapolis, Md. An account of nine freshwater forms and eight marine fishes whose abundance and presence have been drastically altered or eliminated by the effects of pollution sedimentation and drainage in Maryland. Among the marine fish mentioned are: sturgeon, shad, croaker, gray sea trout or weakfish, sheepshead, Spanish mackerel, and king whiting or kingfish. MEETINGS AND PROCEEDINGS: Proceedings of the Conference on Primary Productiv- ity Measurement, Marine and ecient Held = niversity of Hawaii, August 21-September 6, 1 2S a | oe Hee s. Bote B37 pan Wass printed, 1961, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. MOLLUSCS: a Molluscs, by John Edward Morton, 232 pp., illus., printed, 1960. Harper and Bros., 49 E. 33rd St., New York, N. Y. "Molluscs," by Alan J, Kohn, article, Science, vol. 145, no, 3631, July 31, 1964, p. 518, printed, aingle copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- ton, D.C. 20005. Sensory, integrative, and effect or aspects of the responses of marine gastropods, cep- halopods, and bivalves to significant aspects of en- vironment were emphasized in a symposium on the molluscs. Discusses papers presented at the sym- posium. MUSSELS: the growth of mussels (MYTILUS e WEI S Comparison of EDULIS) in the White Sea and Sea of Okhotsk, by AL Savilov, O'S 62-25386, 13 pp., processed, 1962, $1.60. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 11, T564, pp. 246-257.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. October 1964 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FI OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEN. NETS: "Improving fishing nets made from synthetic mate- rials," by K. P. Grinevich and others, article, Soviet Plastics, no. 11, 1960, pp. 16-17, printed. (Trans- Tated from the Russian Plasticheskie Massy, no. 11, 1960, pp. 18-19.) Palmerton ing Co., Inc., 101 W. 31st St., New York 1, N.Y. Mono-Filament Gill Netting for Skipjack (Striped Tuna), 7 pp., processed, f563. Hekodate Fichin g Nets Mfg. Co. Ltd., 82, Seuhieo-cho, Hakodate, Japan. NICARAGUA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Nicara by Rodne: D. Reeicaaean -62, Spp., area June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Discusses Nicaragua's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documenta- tion and fees, and labeling and marking requirements, The report also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import controls, the country's export con- trols, United States foreign trade controls, and Gov- ernment representation between the two countries. NORWAY: Norway Exports, no. 2, Summer 1964, 79 pp., illus., printed, Export Council of Norway, H. Heyerdahls Gate, Oslo 1, Norway. Some aspects of Norway's fish processing industry, fishery byproducts, trawl- er-building yards, and export of vessels are featured in this issue. Canned fish, frozen fillets, margarine from fish oil, edible oil processing and use in can- ning, and 100 years of Norwegian whaling are all discussed. The delivery of seven complete fish meal plants to Chile is highlighted, as well as the construc- tion and delivery of fishing vessels to Ghana and Ku- wait, NUTRITION: "Metabolizable energy values and coefficients of di- gestibility for protein and fat of starfish meal and starfish meal combined with fish meal," by M. W. Stutz and L.D. Metterson, article, Poultry Science, vol. 43, March 1964, pp. 474-478, printed. Poultry Science Association, Kansas State College, Man- hattan, Kans. OCEANOGRAPHY: Oceanic Observations of the Pacific, 1951, 635 pp., printed, 1963, University of California Press, Berke- ly, Calif. Oceanic Observations of the Pacific, 1956, 502 pp., printed, : versity of California Press, Berke- ly, Calif. Oceanographic Work of the Pacific Marine Fisheries = Oceanography Institute's Soviet-Viet Nam Scien- c Explorative dition (Razlichie 1 skhodstvo biologicheakikh priznakov Belomorskikh sel'dei i Baltiiskoi salaki), by P.I. Dolgikh and N. A. Shurunov, OTS 63-21438, 36 pp., printed, March 20, 1963, $1.00, (Translated from the Russian, Okeanclogiis. vol, 2, no, 2, 1962, pp. 368-371.) Office of Te cal Serv- ices, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 20230. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Fishing and Oceanography (Tikhookeanskii nauchno- issledovatelskii institut morskogo rybnogo khozia- istva i okeanografii--TINRO), by A. G. Kaganovskii, OTS 63-21559, 28 pp., printed, April 10, 1963, 75 cents. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoz- iaistvo, vol. 36, no. 7, 1960, pp. 23-26.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. OREGON: Natural Resources of Oregon, 71 pp., illus., printed, a cents. Office si the Secretary, Division of Information, U.S. Department of the Interior, Wash- ington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D, C, 20402.) Chapters in this booklet describe Oregon's history, physical characteristics, fish and wildlife, water and power, forests, agriculture, min- erals, parks and recreation opportunities, Indians, and programs of Federal natural resource agencies in the State. The publication also profiles the indus- tries, scenic beauty, and population which contribute to the State's resource potential. In reference to fisheries, mentions in particular salmon, trout, and spiny-rayed fish. Discusses the cooperative programs of the State of Oregon and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for enhancing the quality and abundance of the State's fish. Dlustrative photographs accompany each article. Pacific Ocean Scientific Research Institute of Marine OYSTERS: Notes on the Biology and Commercial Use of the Chile- an Oyster, by Luis Castillo and Zacarias Vergara, Translation Series No. 360, 29 pp., processed, 1961, (Translated from the Spanish, Apuntes Biolojicos e Industrias sobre la Ostra de Chile, Ministerio de Industria, Santiago, Chile, 1962, 59 pp.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada. PACIFIC OCEAN: Certain Laws Governing the ics of the Abun- dance of Commercial tisk in the North-Western Part of the Pacific Ocean, by P. A, Moiseev, Trans- Tations No. 108, 2 pp., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Soveshchanii, 1961.) Fish- eries Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Fish- eries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. PENNSYLVANIA: Pennsylvania Fishes, 35 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. Contains 17 color photos and brief descriptions of fish found in Pennsylvania waters. Describes for each fish its range, characteristics, habits, and food. In addition, six species are illus- trated with drawings. Discusses the trout, pike, cat- fish, perch, and sunfish families; and distinguishing Pennsylvania fishes. PHYSIOLOGY: "Behavior of dehydrogenase, erythrocytes, marrow and the crystalline lens of fish frozen at -8°,"_ by Stefano Caracciolo and Constantino Petris, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 60, February 3, 1964, 3305e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St, NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGAN|ZATION ISSUING THEM "Behavior of dehydrogenases in fish products frozen at -30°," by Stefano Caracciolo and Guglielmo Pepe, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 60, February 3, 1964, 3431d, printed, Am erican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. PLANKTON: Marine Plankton--A Practical Guide, by G. E. Newell and R. C. Newell, 207 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Hutchinson's Biological Monographs, 178-202 Great Portland St., London W1, England. POISONOUS FISH: "Poison fish projects report," article, South Pacific Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 2, April 1964, pp. 51-54, ilus., printed, single copy 30 cents. South Pacific Com- mission Publications Bureau, C.P.O, 5254, Sydney, Australia. Discusses investigations of ciguatera (toxic fish poisoning) in the Pacific since 1958. Cov- ers the biology of the red snapper, considered to be the most consistently toxic fish in the tropical Pa- cific; food chain transmission of the toxin; toxins of other species of fish; chemical analyses of various toxins; pharmacology; native remedies; and epide- miology of cigautera. "Poisons from shellfish and puffer fish," by Edmund F. Murtha, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 60, February 17, 1964, » printed, erican Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, POLAND: "Statki rybackie dla malych portow polskiego wybrze- za" (Fishing vessels for Poland's small fishing har- bors), by Bohdan Pradzynski, article, Budownictwo Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 5, May 1964, pp. 163-165, print- ed in Polish with English abstract. Budownictwo Okretowe, Wydawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych NOT, Warsaw, Czackiego3/5, Poland, Discusses the fishing vessels to be operated in the future from Poland's small fishing harbors, the trends of the in- vestment policies, and the characteristics of the fish- ing vessels needed, POPULATION DYNAMICS: Breeding, Population, Pynamics, and Health of Fish, U.5.5. R.. OTS 64-3 ; D9 pp., Ulus., printed, April 30, 1964, $1.50. (Translated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 4, no. 1 (30), 1964.) Office of Te T Sarsices: U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20230. PROCESSING: "Lunenburg's dream-plant comes true," by Allan T. Muir, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 51, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 10-16, illus., printed, single copy C$1. National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada. The fish processing plant at Lunen- burg, Nova Scotia, opened on June 24th, is discussed in this article, The new plant has a capacity of 80 million pounds of processed products annually. It also features push-botton systems for remote con- trol of some operations in distant areas of the plant. The article covers the layout of the plant, the freezers., a pan-washing machine, the cooking and breading kitchen, and smoked fish operation. Also discusses a unique system for separating lean from oily fish offal. the fish meal plant, ice-handling operation, ower plant, sea-water pumping station, employees’ Facilitice, and other features of this new plant. PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Evaluation of the protein quality of some fish flours by determination of 'available’ lysine and by bacteri- ological examination," by H.N. De, article, Scientific Researches, vol. 1, no. 2, April 1964, pp. 123-126, printed, single copy 65 cents. East Regional Labora- tories, P.C.S.I,R., Mirpur Rd., Dhamondi, Dacca-2, East Pakistan. QUALITY: A New Quick Electronic Method of Determining the Freshness of Sea Fish, by C, Hennings, 44 pp., print- ed, 1963. (Translated from the German, Zeitschrift der Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, vol. TiS, April 1963, pp. 461-477.) \isheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., River- side Dr., Ottawa, Canada, "Texture change in fish and its measurement," by R.M. Love, article, Texture in Foods, Torry Memoir no. 39, pp. 109-118, printed. “Torry Research Sta- tion, Aberdeen, Scotland, RADIATION PRESERVATION: Application of Radiation-Pasteurization Process to Pa- BG fad ‘and Flounder--Final Summary for the Pe- riod November 1962 to November 1963, ty Dow Miyauchi and others, Report No. TTD-19585, 152 pp., printed, November 1963, $3.50. Division of Isotopes Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, (Available from Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230.) "Enzyme-inactivation studies on irradiation-sterilized cod fillets," by R.O. Sinnhuber and M.K. Landers, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 29, no, 2, 1964, pp. 190-151, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, 111. "Irradiation helps fish industry," by R. Seiden, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 39, March 1964, p. 51, print- ed. Leonar > Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., London NW1, England. "Packaging radiation-sterilized foods," article, Food Erecess:ng, vol, 25, March 1964, pp. 86-87, 98, printed, tnam Publishing Co., 111 East Delaware Pl., Chicago 11, Ml. Study Report Shipboard Cobalt-60 Radiopasteurizer for Marine Fodacts 61 pp., Muantprinfeds 1963. Brook- haven National Laboratory, Associated Universities, Inc.. Upton, Long Island, N. Y. RADIOACTIVITY: "Radioactivity and its relationship to oceanic food chains," by Charles Osterberg, William G. Pearcy and Herbert Curl, Jr.,artiele, Journal of Marine Re- search, vol. 22, no, 1, January 15, 1964, pp. 2-12, | Tllus., printed, $3.50. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. ROCKFISH: Life History Studies on Ten Species of Rockfish (Genus SEHASTOD , by Julius B- ips, Fish Bulletin October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 126, 69 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Documents Sec- tion, P.O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. Dis- cusses importance of the fishery, materials and methods used in this study, weight-length relation- ships, age changes, reproduction, feeding habits, and racial studies. Also describes in detail the 10 spe- cies studied: the bocaccio; the chilipepper; and the yellowtail, canary, vermilion, widow, dark-blotched, splitnose, stripetail, and shortbelly rockfish. SALMON: Feeding of Young Salmon, SALMO SALAR L, Raised in Ponds {in Early Developmental Stages, by J. B. nova, JP 9772, 7 pp., printed, 1962. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 2, no, 1 (22), pp. 169-173.) Ottice of Technical Serv- ices, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. High"Seas Salmon Fishing and Tagging by Canadian essels in 1563, by F. Ncave and others, Manu- script Report Series No. 766, 23 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bio- logical Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. Preliminary Study of Scale Characteristics to Identify the Origin of Sockeye Taken by Long-Lining in the Gulf of ara uring April and May, 1562, ES Hepr. Bilton and M. P. Shepard, Manuscript Report Series No, 757, 31 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. "Nekotorye dannye po vozvratu semgi ot izvestnogo chisla proizvoditelei" (Some data on return of salm- on stemming from known numbers of brood fish), by V. V. Azbelev, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 44, no. 3, 1963, 9238, printed. Biologica stracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Nerestovaya migratsiya gorbushi v 1961" (Spawning migration of pink salmon--Oncorhynchus gorbuscha-- in 1961), by V. V. Azbelev, article, Biolo cal Ab- stracts, vol. 43, no, 3, 1963, 8641, prin are Biologi- stracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "A note on scales of the chum salmon and allied spe- cies," by Keiichi Kondo and Mitsuru Kitahara, arti- cle, Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, vol. 33, 13eh pp. 1-10, printed. Tokai Regional Ponccise Research Laboratory, Tsuki- shima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Observations on the Movements of Atlantic Salmon L,) in the River Conon and the Riv- er Meig, Ross-shire. I, by ~ Pyefinch, Fresh- water and Salmon Fisheries Research 31, 24 pp., printed, 1963, Department of Agriculture and Fish- eries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. Olfactory Perception in Juvenile Salmon, II--Condi- Sein hes nse of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon (ON- to Lake Waters, by J. R. McBride, and‘others, Reprint No. 762, 4 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 42, 1964, pp. 245-248.) Division of Rasanintraten Na- tional Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada, Progress Report on Canadian Studies on Chum Salmon Scales tor , by H. T. Bilton, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No, 758, 4 pp., illus., ‘printed, 1963. Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, "Quality of the spawning bed as it relates to survival and growth of pink salmon embryos and alevins and time of fry emergence," by William J, McNeal, ar- ticle, Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of Zoolgy: vol. i TS63, p. 24%, printed. Permanent Committee of International Zoological Congresses, Secretary (Pierre Grasse), 105 Blvd. Raspail, Paris 6, France, The Rational Decision Process in Salmon Migration, “by Bernard C. Patten, 8 pp., printed. TReprinted from Journal du Conseil International pour 1! lora- tion de la Se re ac eT SET LED Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va. Report of Limited Salmon Taggi Operations, North Stic Alaska Peninsula, lol by Danie . Hennick, Informational Leaflet No. 42, 8 pp., illus., processed, June 1, 1964. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. Salmon of the North Pacific Ocean, Part I--Catch Statistics for North Pacific Salmon, by Hiroshi Kasahara, article, Bulletin No. 12, 84 pp., illus., printed, 1963, International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada. This is an annotated compilation of catch statistics for salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) in the North Pacific, The principal purpose of the com- pilation is to present information on the amounts of various species of salmon that have been taken in that area during the past 50 years. "Some aspects of the retinal physiology of salmon Salmo galar)," by M.A. Ali, article, Hs of the XVI International Congress of Zoology, vol. 2, 1963, p. 70, printed. SSS eee of In- ternational Zoological Congresses, Secretary (Pierre Grasse), 105 Blvd, Raspail, Paris 6, France. "Ustoichivost' molodi semgi k razlichnoi solenosti vody" (Tolerance of young salmon (Salmo salar) to various degrees of water salinity), by N. V. Koro- leva, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 43, no. 5, 1963, 17592, Shes Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. Utilization of Lipids by Fish. I--Fatty Acid Oxida- tion by a Particulate Veaction trom teral Line Muscle, by E. Bilinski and R.E.&. Jones, Collected Reprint 832, 8 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 42, 1964, pp. 345-352.) National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa 52, Canada. Utilization of Lipids by Fish. II--Fatty Acid Oxdia- tion by Various Toeves Fo oc Sockeye Salmon TON- CORHYNCHUS NERA), by H.E-E- Jones and E. Bilinski, Reprint No. 766, 4 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21,,no.|3, , Pp. 655-658.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Viajes de los salmones y regreso al rio natal" Migra- tions of salmonand their return to their native river), by “ 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE F! OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. R. Vibert, article, Montes, vol. 18, no. 107, 1962, pp. 385-395, printed. Publicacion de los Ingenieros de Montes, Luchana 17, Madrid, Spain. SARDINES: Existing Regulations of Sardine Fishing, GFCM Stud- ies and Reviews No. 20, 27 pp., illus., printed, 1963, Legislation Research Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale della Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. SEAL: "Diving depths of the Weddell seal," by Arthur L. DeVries and Donald E. Wohlschlag, article, Science, vol. 145, no. 3629, July 17, 1964, p. 292, printed, single copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. SEA LAMPREY: Peper Electrophoretic Patterns of Land-Locked Sea WT A-"thomas, .) serum, by anuscript Report Series, Bio- logical, no. 726, 41 pp., printed, 1962. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada. SEAWEED: is Tasmanian seaweed, article, Food Technology, vol. 18, April 1964, p. 119, printed. The G 4 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, 111. SENSORY ORGANS: Sound Detection in Teleost Fishes, by J. Wodinsky and W.N. Tavolga, 12 pp., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Marine SR ee ceaings of a Sym- sium held at Bimini, Bahamas, April 1963, pp. $55-200.) The American Museum of Natural Histo- ry, Central Park W. at 79th St., New York 24, N.Y. SHAD: Summer Food of Juvenile American Shad in Virginia aters, by iam H. Massmann, 5 pp., ed, (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol. 4, no, 4, December 1963, pp. 167-17 1.) Sport Fishing In- stitute, Bond Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20005. SOUTH AFRICA: "Ships, scientists in a broad study of S.A. fish re- source," article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. 19, no. 5, May 1564; pp. oh 99, Tol, 103, illus., printed, single copy 30 cents (about 42 U. S, cents). Thomson News- papers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. Discusses the re- search program of the Division of Sea Fisheries and its substantial changes in the last year in order to ensure the best possible use of its vessels in study- ing South Africa's commercial fish and their ocean environment, SPINY LOBSTERS: "Report on South African rock lobsters. Part I--Notes on the reproductive biology and size limit of S. A. rock lobsters,"' by A. E. F. Heydorn, article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol, 15, no. - May 1564, pp. 89, 51, 33 95, illus., printed, single copy 30 cents (about 42 U. S. cents), Thomson Newspapers, South African (Pty.) arrard Press, us., print- Vol. 26, No, 10 THE FISH AND WILOL}FE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Ltd., P.O. Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Repub- lic, This article deals with the determination of the size at which the South African rock lobster Jasus lalandii attains sexual maturity and with the repro- ductive potential of this species at various stages in its growth. The biological implications of a reduc- tion in the minimum legal size limit are discussed. "Temperatures in cartons of live rock lobsters,” by R. A. Harvey, article, Annual Report 1962, Fishin Industry Research Institute, Sates printed, Fishing Industry Research Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. SQUID: ENOPLOTEUTHIS ANAPSIS, a New Species of Eno- loteuthid Squid (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from the i Ttantic Ocean, by Clyde F.E. Roper, Contribution No. 521, 9 pp., illus., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 14, no. I, March 1964, pp. 140-148.) The Ma- rine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. SUBMARINES FOR OCEANOGRAPHY: Underwater Observations During the Fifth Voyage of the Submarine SHVERYA y O.A. Sokolov, OTS 62-5789, 28 pp., printed, February 19, 1962, $2.60. (Translated from the Russian Okeanologiia, vol. 1, no. 4, 1961, pp. 757-761.) Office of Technical Serv- ices, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. TAIWAN: Fishing Sampans in Taiwan, by Han-po Lui, 82 pp., illus., printed in Chinese with English summary, 1963. Taiwan Fisheries Bureau, Department of Ag- riculture and Forestry, Provincial Government of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, “Tuna industry of Taiwan," by C.C. Yang, article, In- dustry of Free China, vol. 21, no. 2, February 25, > Pp. 2-21, printed. Industry of Free China, 118 Huai Ning St., Taipei, Taiwan. The first part of this article discusses the outlook of the world tuna fish- ery--characteristics of tuna fishing, background and current situation, international trade, features of the Japanese tuna trade, and resource and marketing problems affecting future fishery development. Part 2 gives a brief history of Taiwan tuna fishing--ex- pansion of the fleet after 1955; part 3 covers the present situation in Taiwan and some economic prob- lems of the fishery, Singapore and Penang-based op- erations, and future fishing plans off Madagascar and Malaysia; part 4 presents conclusions and recom- mendations. "It is generally agreed that future ex- pansion should not be planned exclusively on the basis of export but should be supported by a high level of consumption at home in view of the world market situation," states the author. TARIFFS AND TRADE: GATT--What It is. . .What It Does. . .How It Works, 22 pp., printed, 1964, The Information and Library Services, GATT Secretariat, Villa Le Bocage, Pa- lais des Nations, Geneva 10, Switzerland. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION |JSSUING THEM. THAILAND: Foreign Trade Regulations of Thailand, by Dawn A, Wachtel, OBR E34. 3 pp., printed, Tune 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, (For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Dis- cusses Thailand's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. The report also covers special customs provisions, non- tariff import controls, the country’s export con- trols, United States foreign trade controls, and Gov- ernment representation between the two countries. The import of some fishery products into Thailand is regulatedby Government authorities. THAWING: Electrical Resistance Thawing of Fish, by H.R. Sand- ers, Torry Memoir No. Ta 5 pp., printed, 1963. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. bani ourse for Apprentice Fishermen, edited and com- piled by "World Fishing,” 952 pp., illus., printed, 8s. 6d, (about US$1.20). Grampian Press Ltd., The Tow- er, 229-243 Shepherds Bush Rd., Hammersmith, London W6, England, Contains a series of articles previously published individually in the periodical World Fishing. n addition, there is a chapter on stern awtig. Subjects covered include, among others, the trawler's basic points; how the trawl works; danger on deck; first steps in net mending; blocks and tackles; and the net store. Also covered are gutting, stowing, and icing; handling a ship; the compass; understanding charts; courses and bear- ings; radio navigation aids; rules of the road; and safety and survival. TRAWLERS: The Refrigerated Fishing Trawler TROPIK (Rybolobno- morozil'nyi trauler “Tropik”), by N. risov, Navy Tr. 3425 ONI 939, 11 pp., printed, 1962. (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khosiaistvo, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 32-41.) Department of Navy, Office of Naval In- telligence, Washington, D. C. 20360. TREATIES: The Japan-United States-Canada Fisheries ‘Treaty and “The Japan-Soviet Fisheries Treaty, enzo Kawa- a, e} pp., printed, ranslated from the Japa- nese, Kokusai Mondai, no. 5, 1963.) Department of State, Division of eee and Reference Service, 132 State Annex 1, Washington, D. C. TROUT: "On the tolerance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons, to salt water," by T. aeknens ar- ticle, Suisan Eukele Kenkyu Goskoku vol. 17, Decem- ber 1962, pp. 41-48, prini apanese, Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakanoshima, Out- skirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. "Some observations on the breeding of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons, in salt water," by T. Awakura and others, article, Suisan Fuka o Kenkyu Hokoku, vol. 17, December 1962, pp. 49-57, printe In Japanese, Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakanoshima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. "Utilization of lipids by fish, I--Fatty acid oxidation by tissue slices from dark and white muscle of rain- bow trout (Salmo gairdnerj)," by E. Bilinski, article, Canadian Journal of ‘Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 41, January 1563, pp. TO7=Tt2, aided Division of Administration and Awards, The National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa 2, Canada, TUNA: "Body temperature of yellowfin and skipjack tunas in relation to sea surface temperature,” by Izadore Barrett and Frank J, Hester, article, Nature, vol. 203, no, 4940, July 4, 1964, pp. 96-97, illus., printed, single copy 4s..(about 55 U.S, cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. "Consideragoes practicas sobre o enverdecimento do atum tropical (1)" (Practical considerations on de- velopment of green meat in tropical tuna), by J. F. Aldrin, article, Conservas de Peixe, vol. 19, no, 219, June 1964, pp. 15-17, printed in Portuguese. Socie- dade da Revista Conservas de Peixe, Lda., Regueirao dos Angos, 68, Lisbon, Portugal. "Migration of a tagged bluefin tuna across the Pacific Ocean," by Craig J. Orange and Bernard D, Fink, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 4, 1963, pp. 307-309, printed, Printing Division, Docu- ments Section, No. Seventh St, at Richards Blvd., Sacramento, Calif. 95814. "Preliminary age determination of bluefin tuna, Thun- nus thynnus," by Robert R. Bell, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no, 4, 1963, p. 307, printed. Printing Division, Documents Section, No. Seventh St. at Richards Blvd., Sacramento, Calif, 95814. UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY: "Combination camera and bottom-grab,” by K.O. Em- ery and A.S. Merrill, article, Oceanus, vol. 10, no. 4, June 1964, pp. 2-7, illus., printed. e Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. The identification of animals shown onbottom photographs has been a problem. This difficulty has been solved by combining a bottom sampler as a source of speci- mens and a camera to view ecological relationships at the same site. "A wide-angle attachment for underwater photography with 16 mm.motion-picture camera," by A.S. Lodkin, article, USSR Industrial Development: Soviet Preci- sion Equipment, No. 50, OTS Se- 13672, 38 pp., print- ed, December 26, 1962, $3.60. (Translated from the Russian, Tekhnika Kino i Televideniia, vol. 6, no. 9, 1962, pp. 3-19.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. UNITED KINGDOM: Government Publications--Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Seeaonl List No. 52, 23 Pp., printed, revise arch 31, 1963. Her Majes- ty's Stationery Office, London, England. (For sale by British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022.) Government Publications--Fisheries, Sectional List oO. 24, Pp., printed, revised to March 13, 1962, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England, (For sale by British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 26, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 44, no, 2, June 1964, 278 pp., Mlus., printed, $13.50. Cambridge University Press, 32 E, 57th St., New York 22, N.Y. Includes, among others, the following articles: "Line-fishing of the continental slope," by G.R. Forster; "Observations on the fertility of the oyster (Ostrea edulis)," by P.R. Walne; “The feeding of plaiée and sand-eel lar- vae in the southern North Sea," by J.S, Ryland; and "A revised check-list of British marine algae," by Mary Parke and P.S. Dixon, Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1963, 46 pp., printed, 64, 5s. (about 70 U.S, cents). Ministry of Agri- culture, Fisheries and Food, London, England. (A- vailable from Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) Includes statistics on fish of British taking, imports and exports, and demersal and pelagic: landings. U.S.S.R.: The Effect of the Fishing Industry on the proiogical ~ Characteristics of Fisk rom Archeological Rec- ords), by V.D. Lebedev, Translations No. 117, fo pp., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Soveshchan,) Fisheries Laboratory, Depart- ment of Agriculture; Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. Fishes of the Northern Seas of the U.S.S.R. (Ryby sevemykh morei S95R), by A. P. Andriyashev, OTS 63-11160, 621 pp., illus., processed, 1964, $6.25. (Translated from the Russian, Keys to the Fauna of the U,S,S.R., No. 53, Zoological Institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1954.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. Fishing Economy, 1960, OTS 63-21559, 28 pp., printed, Kprit 10, 1963-78 cents. (Translated from Rus- sian.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 40, no. 6, June 1964, 96 pp., us., printed in Russian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these articles: "From the speech of the Chairman of the Federal Fisheries Committees at the Conference of Young Far East Fishermen;" "The formation of cod stocks in the waters off west- ern Greenland,"'by M.A. Pavlov; “The effect of trans- port conditions on the survival rate of mussels," by A.I. Ivanov; "Our experience with large-scale stur- geon farms in Azerbaidzhan,"' by M. Ramazanov; ? fish caught by our vessel is the cheapest of all fish caught by the Murmansk trawler fleet," by L.N. Gruzdev; "The rules of signaling and movement for fishing vessels when engaged in joint operations (with vessels of other countries), by N.S. Goriunov; "How to decrease the time needed to repair vessels and increase the quality of work," by L. G. Glazkov and others; Improved trawl used in herring fishery by medium fishing trawlers (SRT) with 300 and 400 hp.,"' by A..V. Chentsov; "Develop and perfect the midwater pair trawling (Georges Bank)," by S. E. Shevtsov; “Herring fishing with purge seines from refrigerated medium trawlers (SRTR-400)," by A. I. Kostin; Fishing without nets for Black Sea anchovy," by E.G. Sharapov; ''New successes of Sakhalin fish- ery kolkhozes,’ by A. A. Taranoy; “Dietetic canned fish with vegetables,"' by G.S. Korobkina and M. D. Bogoslovskaia; "Rational exploitation of natural sources of vitamin A," by G. A, Dolbish; "Economic efficiency of Baltic herring processing," by L. Bulk- in; Party and economic meeting of Black Sea and the Sea of Azov fishery workers;" and "Device for fishing (which regulates various depths of drift nets)," by V. P. Ivashov and others, --M. A. Kravanja Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 40, no. 7, July 1964, 96 pp., ‘This. printe ussian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these articles: "Present status and future prospects for the construction of fishing ves- sels," by G. B. Terent'ev; The fishing industry of the Far East in the new stage of development,’ by S. H. Nadibaidze; 'We must better exploit the re- sources of the Northern fishing basin," by A. I. Fi- lippov; "Butterfish (Poronotus)," by A. A. Dubovitskii; "Biological basis of the ichthyofauna reconstruction of the Riga Gulf," by V.S. Tanasiichuk; 'Smooth- spined grenadier (Macrourus berglax); its chemical composition and utilization,” by E. F. Kleie; "Manu- facturing of sausages from frozen yellowfin tuna," by Z. A. Iakovleva and G.S. Khristoferzen; ''The effect of angle paraméters of the knife on the cutting force during slicing of (tuna) fish," y M.A. Iakubov; "Uti- lization of Bering Sea shrimp," by V.S. Gordievskaia; "Distribution of pelagic larvae of the Kamchatka crab in the waters of western Kamchatka," by R. R. Ma- karov: "Our experiences with the tagging of the Pa- cific navaga (Eleginus gracilis) in the Tauiskaia In- let." by B.A. Gritsenke, ommercial testing of au- tomated trawl boards," by V. Novofastovskii; 'Elec- trofishing for Azov (Sea) anchovy," by I. I. Luzanov; "Economic efficiency of the utilization of production refrigerators in the trawling operation in the Bar- ents Sea," by V.I. Zakurdaev; "Problems in calcu- lating costs in the fishing industry," by L.M. Guz- havina; and “Evaporating plant on the whaling factory- ships Vladivostok and Dalnii Vostok," by B. M. Ro- galev. --M. A. Kravanja WEATHER CHARTS: The following processed weather charts are pub- lished by the Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, 10 cents each, Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings; explanations of warning displays; and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. Canadian Border to Eureka, Calif., and Alaska, 1964, Eureka to Point Conception, Calif., 1964, Hawaiian Islands, 1964, Morgan City, La., to Apalachicola, Fla., 1964. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. WHALE MEAT: "Nutritive value of whale meat,'' by Takashi Kaneda, Hisae Sakai and Seinosuke Ishii, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, November 11, 1963, 1 g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St, NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, WHALES: "La caza de cachalotes enel Peru: estadisticas de captura para los anos 1947-1961 y un intento de analizar las condiciones de la poblacion en el periodo 1954-1961" (The catch of sperm whales in Peru: statistics of capture for the years 1947-1961 and an analysis of the conditions of the population in the period 1954-1961), by G. Saetersdal, J. Mejia, and P. Ramirez, article, Boletin, vol, 1, no. 3, 1963, pp. 45-84, printed in Spanish. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Marinos, La Punta, Callao, Peru. Periodicity of Humpback Whale Feeding in the South Atlantic Seu by M Vv. Yashin, OTS 63-1443, i) pp., printed, March 28, 1963, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Biulleten' Moskovskoe Obshchest- vo Is telei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, vol. 36 (66), no. 6, 1961, pp. 110-115.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D, C. 20230, The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Insti- “tute, no. 15, isd pp., illus., printed, March 1964, The Whales Research Institute, 12-4 Tsukishima Nishigashidori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes, among others, the following article: "Fin whale sub- populations in the Antarctic whaling areas II, III, and Iv," by K. Fujino; "Examination on age determina- tion of the fin whale,'' by S. Ohsumi; and ''Squids as the food of sperm whales in the Bering Sea and Alas- kan Gulf," by T. Okutani and T. Nemoto. The 20-Cycle Signals and Balaenoptera (Fin Whales), by W. &Scheviil W.A. Watkins, and R.H. Backus, Contribution No, 1393, 6 pp., printed, 1963. (Re- printed from Marine Bio-Acoustics - Proceedings of a Symposium held at Bimini, Bahamas, April 563, pp. fP7=155-) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. WHALING: "One hundred years of Norwegian whaling--The start and the first year," by Asbjorn Bakken, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 5, May 1964, pp. 122, 124-128, 130-132, 134-137, illus., printed in Norwegian and English. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. "Whales and whaling," article, Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 4, April 1964, pp. 85-88, printed, Hvalfanger- foreningen, Sandefjord, Norway. Anexcerpt from the Annual Report of the National Oceanographic Council for the period April 1, 1962-March 31, 1963, "Broad- ly the findings are that blue and humpback whales have been reduced to so small a remnant of the orig- inal stocks that only total protection for an indefinite period will allow them to recover, and that although there is a much larger surviving stock of fin whales, that too is declining and a drastic reduction of catch- ing, to about a quarter of the present level, is needed for the stock to begin its recovery," states the arti- cle. "Whales and whaling in the Western Pacific," by R. J. A.W. Lever, article, South Pacific Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 2, April 1964, pp, 33-30, illus,, printed, single copy 30 cents. South Pacific Commission Publica- tions Bureau, G. P.O. 5254, Sydney, Australia. Gives an account of whaling activities in Melanesia and Polynesia from 1789 to 1860. Discusses the early history of whaling in the area, types of whales hunted, main whaling grounds and island bases, the spouting of whales, use of whale teeth (ivory) for making jew- elry, and decline of the industry in the Pacific, “Whaling in the Antarctic in season 1962/63," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. a5 no, 9, September 1963, pp, 249-252, 255-256, 259-262, 265-274, illus., printed. Hvalfan- gerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. WHITEFISH: "Age and growth of the round white fish in Lake Mich- igan,"" by Donald Mraz, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Sey vol. 93, no. 1, 1963, pp. 46-52, printed, American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. "On the competition between whitefish species," by Thorolf Lindstrom and Nils-Arvid Nilsson, article, The Exploitation of Natural Animal Fopulations. A § osium, , pp. 226-340, printed, . John Wiley and sons, Inc., 605 3rd Ave., New York, N. Y. White Fish Authority, Annual Report and Accounts for the Year Ended ait March , D4pp., illus., print- e ed, June 1964, 4s. (about 55U.5. cents), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England. Covers production, distribution and market- ing, research and development, and administration of white fish fisheries. WORLD PRODUCTION: "Marine fish production: A world-wide view," by C. P. Idyll, article, Proceedings of the International Con- gress of Zoology, vol. i no. 4, 1963, pp. 330-335, printed. Secretary, Permanent Committee of Inter- national Zoological Congresses, 105 Blvd, Raspail, Paris 6, France, 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 FISH 'N SEAFOOD PARADE FiSH'n TASTES GOOD/GOOD FOR YOU The new emblem for "Fish 'n Seafood" promotions. Reproduc- tion proofs for use in promotion pieces, food store newspaper ads, etc., are available from the National Fisheries Institute. A month-long campaign to promote the sale of fishery products got under way October 1, "Fish 'n Sea- food Parade." Its sponsor: the National Fish- eries Institute, 1614 20th Street NW., Wash- ington, D.C. 1964. Theme of the promotion: Many food stores and chain stores, dealers, retailers, etc., tied in their advertising into the ''Fish 'n Seafood Parade" promotion. The Shrimp Association of the Americas also featured Octoberas thetime for ''Shrimp Fiesta." can put shrimp glamour into your menu... extra { profits into your till Here are five tempting ways to take advantage of the high customer-preference for shrimp. And, in addition, you get natural portion con- trol with low preparation cost and high mark-up. Radio, TV and newspapers will be telling your customers that October is Shrimp Fiesta Month. It's easy to tie in with this extra-profit Promotion. Serve shrimp throughout October «..and all year long. Start extra profits marching your way with the FISH ‘N SEAFOOD PARADE throughout October Serve it Everyday Advertisement used by Shrimp Association of the Americas to pro= mote shrimp during "Fish 'n Seafood" month in October 1964. October 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 USE OF MANATEES TO CONTROL AQUATIC WEEDS A three-year study ofmanatees or seacows andtheir usefulness in controlling aquatic weeds has been launched by the Centraland Southern Florida Flood Control District (FCD), according to a June 23, 1964, press release issued by that agency. Five of the cumbersome mam- mals (which can grow to more than 12 feet in length and weigh more thana ton), were netted inthe Miami River and placed (on May 7) in a sturdily fenced sector of a canal where weed growth is typical. Scientists from Florida Atlan- tic University at Boca Raton are di- recting the study, under contract from the Flood Control District. The FCD will pay $34,000 to the University to find out just how many weeds manatees can eat, to study their rate of reproduction, and to learn whether or notthe mammals can be used practically and eco- nomicallyas a means of biological weed control. Fig. 1 - At the test site, manatee is lowered carefully into canal which has been blocked with an earthern dam, foreground. A quarter-mile section has For more than two years FCD been fenced off for the initial tests to see how fast the mammals will eat the veg- nae . . - etation in this waterway. Later they'll be put to work in othersectionsof canals. officials have been investigating the possible use ofthe mammals. They have been gleaning allthe information available. Oddly, scientists know very little about manatees, except thatthey are strict vegetarians, andthey apparently consume vast quan- tities of weeds. Most authorities consulted by the FCD strongly urged sponsorship of the pilot study which is now under way. The Executive Director of the 18-county FCD notes that present chemical and mechani- cal methods of weed control are costly. The FCD is spending $140,000 a year to keep its canals clear of obnoxious vegetation. But the FCD system, which now includes more than 1,300 miles of canals, is only 40 percent completed. The Director predicts that ultimately the FCD will have to spend $500,000 a year on weed control--unless somenew method is discovered to cut costs or do a better job. The water hyacinth (with its lovely purple blooms) is only one of a number of weeds which, if left uncontrolled, would soon multiply, spread, and choke the arteries that carry flood waters in rainy seasons, irrigation and municipal supplies in dry times. FCD boat crews operating throughout the 15,000 square miles of the District are now using chemical sprays to control the hyacinthand the large-leaved water lettuce. But those two types of ''floating'’ aquatics don't really pose as serious problems as dothe submerged weeds. Four principal types of underwater weeds--elodea, coontail, southern naiad, and alligator weed--are infinitely more troublesome, because there is no practical or eco- nomical way to control them with chemicals. The District uses a mechanical plow (actually a large steel A-frame) to uproot the underwater weeds. The ''plow'' is dragged along canal bottoms by an amphibious ''duck," a surplus military vehicle. Draglines are usedto remove the uprooted weeds from canals. But the FCD has to do the job over and over again, about once every 4 months. (continued on next page) . 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 10 Since some authorities are concerned about the long-range possible side-effects of continued use of chemical herbicides, a means of piolo gical weed control sagt well be preferred, if practical. Loaded into wooden boxes, filled with water, the manatees were transferred by trucks from the Seaquarium tothe selected FCD canal. They are now busily at work eating weeds. And watching them from the canal banks is an assistant professor of Florida Atlantic University, who is direc- ting the study program. Also watching from the banks are officers ofthe Florida Board of Conservation. The manatee is protected under Florida law, and a stiff fine and jail term await anyone whomo- lests or kills one. A July 16 letter from the FCD points out: "It became obvious earlier this month that they are doing an excellent job of clearing the canal and we expectto move them or release them to another reach of the canal... ." It's hoped that the new study will help in preservation of the manatee--now threatened with possible extinction--as well as providing a new answer to weed control problems in Florida. (News Re- lease, June 23, 1964, Central and Southern - : ; Fig. 2 - Close-up of a manatee or sea cow in a cargo net, being sage Flood Control District, West Palm transferred from a tank at the Miami seaquariumto a truck for Beach, Fla.) transfer to the test sector of the canal. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1960 p. 5. > a Sy SHARKS CAN DETECT PREY BY VIBRATION Sharks can sense their prey by vibration at a distance of a quarter of a mile. After this they rely on their sense of smell, and at 50 feet, they begin to use their eyes. At10 feet, visionis their primary sense.'' This statement was made by a Professor of Zoology at Cornell University, at the ANZAAS Conference in Canberra, Australia, on the technique of operating on living sharks and current investigations of their heart andsense organs. Consider- able work on sharksis doneat the Lerner Marine Laboratory of the American Museum of Natural History at Bimini, in the Bahamas. Sharks measuring up to 17 feet long are maintained there for experimental and behavioral study in three pens constructed of stainless steel chain-link fencing. (Fisheries News- letter, Canberra, Australia, April 1964.) BLUENOSE--CANADA'S MOST FAMOUS SAILING VESSEL Bluenose, Canada's most famous sailing vessel, was built in 1921 to challenge for the International Fishermen's Trophy--won the previous year by the United States schooner Esperanto. Bluenose regained the Cup for Canada in the first Series she sailed. She never once relinquished it throughout a keenly contendedcareer, spanning two decades. She final- 1. Jib topsail . Jib . Fore gaff-topsail . Fisherman's staysail . Mainsail . Main gaff-topsail DIMENSIONS Overall Length 143! Beam 2 Waterline 112' Depth Main Hatch 11'6" Draught 15'10" Mainmast, above Deck .... 81' Foremast, above Deck .... 73' Main-topmast, overall ... .» SLOW Fore-topmast, overall 48'6" Sail area, including Fisherman's Staysail, approximately -.- - 10,900 sq.ft. 81! ly had to be sold, and ended her days as a : freighter among the islands of the West In- : fee: She steaek a Haitian reef and sank in ne 1946. Bluenose Il was launched on July 24, 1963, from the same shipyard at Lunenburg that had constructed her predecessor. Bluenose II was created with two purposes in mind: (1) as the most fitting of memorials to a great ship; (2) as a goodwill ambassador and symbol of Nova Scotian hospitality. She is in all details of sail-plan and hullidentical tothe original Bluenose. BOQ IMPORTANT NOTICE Due to an unexpected mix-up in the mailing of the June 1964 issue of 7 the magazine, there are probably a number of subscribers who did not re- ceive that issue. 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