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26, NO. 11 NOVEMBER 1964
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR
Sees SURE OME ALL, SECRETARY DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR
CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISS|ONER
qs) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
A review of developments and news of the fishery industries
prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES,
Joseph Pileggi, Editor
G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors
Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209.
Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not
responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources.
Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely,
reference to the source is appreciated.
Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the
Budget, May 1, 1963.
5/31/68
CONTENTS
COVER: Shows a larval swordfish being taken from a pan containing oth-
er larval fish including marlin, tuna, and barracuda, The specimens
were taken in plankton tows by the research vessel John Elliott Pills-
bury of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, while con-
ducting oceanographic investigations in the Tropical Atlantic between
the northeast Bahamas and Bermuda, (Also see pp. 48-50 of this issue.)
. .Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.), by Max Patashnik, Charles F, Lee,
Harry L, Seagran, and F, Bruce Sanford
12 . .Age Composition of the Commercial California Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963, by Peter A, Isaacson
Page Page
: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.):
Alaska: American Fisheries Advisory Committee:
15 .. Handling and Processing Aboard Japanese 21 .. Fisheries Problems to be Discussed At 18th
Vessels of Alaska Salmon Annual Meeting
15 .. Foreign Fishing Activities Off Alaska American Samoa:
16 .. Kodiak has Excellent Salmon Season 21 .. American Samoan-Based Tuna Fleet Dwin-
16 .. Kodiak Processing Plant Very Active dling
17... Good Progress in Herring Reduction California:
17... Ample Supplies for Crab-Processing Plants 21 .. San Franciso Bay Investigations Continued
17... Cordova Dungeness Crab Prices Drop 23... Abalone Observations and Growth Studies
17... Filing of Fishery Disaster Loan Applications 23 .. Albacore Tuna Migration Studies and Tagging
Extended to October 31, 1964 24 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued
Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Jan-
velopment: uary-July 1964
17... Shrimp Explorations Off Alaska Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations:
Alaska Fishery Investigations: 25 .. Swimming Behavior of Tuna and Mackerel
19 .. Copper River Sockeye Salmon Serological Studied
Sampling 26 .. Skipjack Tuna Blood-Typing Studies Expanded
19 .. Naknek System Red Salmon Smolt Outmigra- 27... Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con-
tion tinued
19 .. Karluk Lake Salmon Escapement Export Opportunity:
20 .. Crab Tagging Program 28 .. New Sample Display Service Offers Export
20 .. Olsen Bay Pink Salmon Run, 1964 Development Oppc rtunity
20 .. Transplanting Live Pink Salmon Federal Purchases of Fishery Products:
20 .. Studies on Migrations of Juvenile Salmon 28 .. Department of Defense Purchases, January-
August 1964
Contents continued page Il,
II
Page
29
30
30
30
33
33
34
35
35
35
36
36
36
37
37
37
40
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
50
50
51
51
»
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No, 11
CONTENT (CONTINUED)
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.):
Foreign Fishery Reporting:
United States Fishery Attache Program in
Foreign Countries
Freezing:
Use of Liquid Nitrogento Freeze Fish Studied
Fur Seals:
Pribilof Islands Fur Seal Skin Harvest, 1964
Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear
Development;
Studies on Trawling of Commercial Species
in Lake Superior Continued
Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies
of Alewife, Chub, and Yellow Perch in Lake
Michigan Continued
Great Lakes Fishery Investigations:
Lake Erie Yellow Perch Landings Down
Sharply in 1964
Gulf Fishery Investigations:
Shrimp Distribution Studies
Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission:
Annual Meeting in Brownsville, Texas
Industrial Fishery Products:
U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles:
Production by Areas, August 1964
Production, July 1964
Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1964
U.S. Fish Meal:and Solubles:
Production and Imports, January-July 1964
Menhaden Catches North of Chesapeake Bay
Decline
U.S. Fish Oil Production Forecast for 1964
Inventions:
Shrimp Head,and Vein Removing Tool Pat-
ented
Louisiana:
Fishery Landings, 1963
New York City:
Relocation of Wholesale Fulton Fish Market
Recommended
North Atlantic Fisheries Explorationand Gear
Research:
Surf Clam Survey Continued
Whiting Escapement Study
Electrical Fishing Tests Continued
North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations:
Summer Distribution and Abundance of Ground-
fish Species Studied
Continental Shelf Waters Surveyed
North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear
Development:
Survey of Deep-Water Marine Fauna Off
Mouth of Columbia River Continued
Experimental Fishing with "Cobb" Pelagic
Trawl
Oceanography:
Larval Specimens of Tuna, Swordfish, and
Marlin Collected in the Tropical Atlantic
Exchange Visits by United States and Soviet
Oceanographers
Small Portable Marine Work Platform with
Derrick
Oregon:
Metolius Salmon Hatchery Closes and Ex-
perimental Hatchery Station Opens
Oysters:
Light Strike in James River Seed Beds in 1964
Page
52
52
53
54
54
55
55
57
58
58
59
60
61
61
63
63
63
64
64
65
65
67
67
68
68
70
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.):
Oysters (Contd.):
Development of Disease-Resistant Oyster
Strains
Pesticides:
Stringent Rules Ordered in Use of Pesticides
on Lands Administered by Department of the
Interior
Preservation:
Shelf Life of Frozen Fish Studied
Radiation Preservation:
Acceptance Tests Conducted for Petrale Sole
Fillets
Irradiation of Fish at Sea Planned
Shrimp:
United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Sep-
tember 1964
South Carolina:
Fisheries Biological Research Progress,
July-September 1964
Tropical Atlantic:
Results of Fishery-Oceanographic Studies in
Gulf of Guinea
United States Fisheries:
Commercial Fishery Landings, January- Au-
gust 1964
U.S. Fishing Vessels:
Emergency Medical Help Instructions for
Fishermen
Documentations Issued and Cancelled:
July 1964
June 1964
Fisheries Loan Fund and Other Financial Aid
for Vessels, July 1-September 30, 1964
New Small Stern-Trawler Canyon Prince
U.S. Foreign Trade:
Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Jan-
uary-May 1964
Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota
Processed Edible Fishery Products, July 1964
Wages:
New Minimum Wages for Onshore Fishery
Workers
Washington:
Survey of Fish and Wildlife Resources of Pu-
get Sound and Adjacent Waters
Weather:
Storm Warning Buoys for Gulf of Mexico
Wholesale Prices:
Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1964
FOREIGN:
International;
North Pacific Fisheries Convention:
Parties to the Convention Resumed Talks
in Ottawa
Japanese Fishing Industry Position on Nego-
tiations
Japanese Press Reaction to Talks
International Council for the Exploration of
the Sea:
New Convention Approved at Conference in
Copenhagen
International Convention on the Territorial
Sea and Contiguous Zone:
Dominican Republic Ratifies Convention
Contents continued page II,
November 1964
Page
ies
ie
71
71
72
72
75
76
76
76
aa
79
79
79
79
79
80
81
82
83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
87
87
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
CONTENT (CONTINUED)
FOREIGN (Contd.):
International (Contd.):
Fish Meal:
Production and Exports for Selected Coun-
tries, January-June 1963-1964
World Production, June 1964
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development:
Bureau Meeting of Fisheries Committee
Held 7
Food and Agriculture Organization:
Fishery Training Center to be Built inSouth
Korea
Whaling:
Soviets Propose Conference for Revision of
Antarctic Catch Allocation
Argentina:
Fisheries Trends, 1963-1964
Australia:
Facilities Expanded to Handle Increased
Tuna Catch
Joint Ventures with Japanese in Shrimp
Farming and Tuna Fishing in Australia
Considered
Shrimp Fishery Good in 1964
Increase in Scallop Exports Planned
Scallop Fishery Expands
Exporting Pet Food to the United States
Standards for Oysters Proposed
Canada:
Federal-Provincial British Columbia Fish-
eries Committee Established
Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Com-
mittee Meeting in Ottawa
New Chart of Nova Scotia Fishing Banks
Ceylon:
Proposed Government Fisheries Corporation
May Lead to Fisheries Expansion
Colombia:
Fisheries Trends and Potential
Cuba:
Catch and Fishing Fleet Expanded
Denmark:
New Fisheries Attache Appointed for U. S.
and Canada
France:
Shipyards Receive Orders from Soviets for
Fishery Factoryships and from South
Korea for Trawlers
German Federal Republic:
New Fish-Gutting Machine Offered by Firm
Ghana:
Technical Fisheries Assistance by Soviets
Greece:
Atlantic Freezer-Trawler Fishery Trends,
January-June 1964
Greenland:
12-Mile Fishing Limits Modified to Continue
Certain Historic Fishing Rights of Other
Countries
Halibut Fishery Trends, 1963
Shrimp Fishery Trends, 1963-1964
Ocean Catfish Fishery, 1963
Iceland:
Exports of Fishery Products, January-June
1964
Page
FOREIGN (Contd.):
Iceland (Contd.):
Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan-
uary-April 1964
Utilization of Fishery Products, January-
April 1964
Lobster Products Exports Increased
New Type Lobster Product Available
First Fish Sausages Produced
Ireland:
Fish Meal Factory Planned for East Coast
Japan:
Albacore and Yellowfin Export Prices
Frozen Tuna Sales to U.S. Continued Slow,
July-August 1964
Atlantic Tuna Fishery, August 1964
Tuna Resources in Eastern Pacific to be Sur-
veyed by Research Vessel
Study of Resource Management Problems
Confronting Tuna Fishing Industry
Market Value of Tuna Fishing Licenses Con-
tinues to Fall
Driftwood Released by Tuna Vessels Recov-
ered
Mothership Firms to Consign Sales of Pack
of Alaska Pink Salmon to Land-Based Pack-
ers Association
Halibut Landings and Exports, 1958-63
Japanese Views on New Law Prohibiting
Fishing in U.S. Territorial Waters by For-
eign Vessels
King Crab Operations in Bristol Bay
Bering Sea Mothership-Type Bottomfish Op-
erations
Freezership Returns with Atlantic Trawl-
Caught Fish
Atlantic Trawl Fishery
Exploratory Trawling in Northwest Atlantic
to be Continued
Japan to Join Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
Convention
Longer Trip Doubles Bottomfish Catch for
Trawlers in New Zealand Waters
Licensing of Bottomfish Operations Off New
Zealand
Status of Voluntary Fishery Export Controls,
FY 1964
Hokkaido Saury Canners Sign Advance Pur-
chase Agreement with Fishermen's Asso-
ciation
Fish Meal Association Organized
Fisheries Agency Approves Japanese-Chile-
an Whale Meat Sales Agreement
Fishing Vessel Construction
Eight Factoryships to be Built for U.S.S.R,
Fisheries Agency to Build Large Research
Vessel
Republic of Korea:
Freezer Vessel Launched at Netherlands
Shipyard
Mexico:
Opening of Shrimp Fishing Season
New Tariff Rates for Four Categories of
Fishery Products
Foreign Trade in Fishery Products, 1963
Fisheries Trends, 1963
Contents continued page IV.
IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
CONTENT (CONTINUED)
Page
FOREIGN (Contd.):
Mexico (Contd.):
102 .. Joint Japanese-Mexican Whaling Venture in
Mexico Proposed
102... Four Fishery Training Vessels Ordered by
Government
Morocco:
102 .. Joint Moroccan-French Tuna Fishing Ex-
ploration Planned
103 .. Canned Sardine Loans Receive Renewed Par-
tial Guarantee from Government
Norway:
103... Exports of Canned Fish, January-July 1964
103... Herring Fish Meal Quality Control Studies
Panama:
104 .. Tuna Fishing Regulations for Foreign Ves-
sels in Panamanian Waters
Peru:
105 .. Fish Meal and Oil Industry Trends, January-
July 1964 and Outlook in September 1964
Philippines:
106 .. Development of Fishing Industry Spurred by
Change in Government Import Policy
Poland:
107 .. Fishing Vessel Construction Program
Senegal:
109 .. Four Tuna Vessels to be Purchased from
British
South Africa Republic:
110 .. Tuna Vessel Delivers Good Catches
110 .. New Anchovy Fishery May Develop Rapidly
110 .. Production of Leading Processed Fishery
Products, 1962-1963
111... Fisheries Catch, 1963
111 _.. Domestic Consumption of Leading Processed
Fishery Products, 1963
112... Fiberglass Vessel Successful in Pilchard
Fishery
Page
112
112
113
113
114
114
115
115
116
117
117
119
120
124
126
FOREIGN (Contd.):
Taiwan:
Italy and Taiwan to Sign Fishery Cooperation
Agreement
U.S.S.R.:
Fishery Landings in 1964 Expected to Sur-
pass Catch Target
Fishery Developments
Ten Freezer-Transport Vessels Built in
Sweden for Soviet Fishing Fleet
Construction of Factoryship for North Pacif-
ic Near Completion
United Kingdom:
Report on Fish Boxed at Sea
Salmon and Trout Farming Method Develop-
ed in Norway Attracts Interest
First Shipment of Smoked Shark Fillets Mar-
keted
FEDERAL ACTIONS:
Civil Service Commission:
Educational Requirements for Federal Oce-
anographers
Department of Commerce:
Area Redevelopment Administration:
Technical Assistance Project in Alaska to
Aid Earthquake-Damaged Areas
Department of the Interior:
Fish and Wildlife Service:
Revised Standards for Grades of Frozen
Fish Blocks
United States Circuit Court of Appeals:
Ruling Upholds Breaded Seafood Processor's
Overtime Exemption Under Fair Labor
Standards Act
Eighty-Eighth Congress (Second Session)
RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS:
Fish and Wildlife Service Publications
Miscellaneous Publications
Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky
Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone
Se Oe oS OK Ok
Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer
for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from
the Service's file and the photographers are unknown.
Cover and pp. 49 & 50 (fig. 4)--William M. Stephens, The Marine Laboratory, University of
Miami; p. 16 (figs. 2 & 3)--U. S. Coast Guard; pp. 38 & 39--F. B. Sanford and C. F. Lee;
p. 42--Exp. Fish & Gear Research Base, State Fish Pier, Gloucester, Mass.; p. 48--Don
Heuer, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami; pp. 61 & 62--Blount Marine Corp.,
Warren, R. I.; p. 74--Industrias PesquerasAtlantico, SurS.A.I.C., BuenosAires, Argentina;
pp. 77 & 78--Australian News & Information Bureau; p. 80--E. Estlander, FAO;
p. 81--Robert O. Smith; pp. 83 & 84--Nordischer Maschinenban, Rud. Baader, Lubeck,
Germany; p. 89 (right)--Amie J. Suomela; p. 94--Consulate General of Japan, N.Y.; pp.
100-102--R. S. Croker; p. 106--M. Lindner; p, 111--A. C. Jensen, Woods Hole, Mass,
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November 1964 Washington, D.C. Vol. 26, No. ll
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EXPERIMENTAL
SMOKING OF CHUB (LEUCICHTHYS SP.)
By Max Patashnik*, Charles F. Lee**,
Harry L. Seagran***, and F. Bruce Sanford****
ABSTRACT
Owing to the recent problem created by bacterial contamination, the smoked
fish industry of the Great Lakes faces the task of producing a marketable product
under modified processing conditions. This article reports on the results obtained
when chub was experimentally smoked under the processing requirements of the
various State and Federal regulatory groups concerned. The results show that for
industry to conform with those requirements, substantial changes will be necessary
in its traditional processing methods.
INTRODUCTION
The smoked fish industry of the states surrounding the Great Lakes is of considerable
local importance. Production of chub for smoking in 1962 and 1963, for example, was about
10 to 11 million pounds a year. In late 1963, however, bacterial contamination of smoked chub
and whitefish resulted in the overnight collapse of that industry owing to the reactions of con-
sumers and of regulatory groups.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the follow-up of several State regulatory
agencies, published advisories specifying processing and storage conditions under which the
industry would be permitted to resume production and distribution of smoked fish from the
Great Lakes. Those advisories have raised the immediate question as to whether smoked
chub processed and stored as specified by the various regulatory agencies would be an ac-
ceptable product. A preliminary investigation by a Bureau team of researchers showed that
the industry lacked the answer to this question and that there was little if any reliable data on
current processing techniques.
To assist the industry toward an ultimate solution of the botulism problem, the Bureau
set up two main lines of research--one dealing with the microbiological aspects of the prob-
lem; the other with the technological aspects of processing. The microbiological work, which
is being carried out under contract, will be reported separately. The present article is re-
stricted to reporting on our preliminary investigation of processing. In presenting these re-
sults, the Bureau recognizes that the interim processing regulations of the various regulatory
groups and herein evaluated are definitely preliminary. We must await results from the long-
er-range microbiological studies before a final regulatory code can be evolved.
The general objectives of the present investigation (January 20-February 20, 1964) were
limited to the evaluation of process variables associated with the interim minimum require-
ments for the heat processing of smoked chub (180° F. for 30 minutes) as set forth by the
*Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash.
**Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md. , 4 ¥
*+Laboratory Director, Technological Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
4*#*Chemist-in-Charge, Branch of Reports, Seattle, Wash.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 712
2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
Food and Drug Administration and as interpreted by the various State agencies. The three
main objectives in the work being reported here were therefore:
I. To evaluate the heat process (180° F. for 30 minutes) specified in the inter-
im regulations and to supply the technical information necessary to achieve
that process.
II. To determine whether smoked chub heat processed as specified would be
an acceptable product.
Ill. To evaluate some of the processing variables and raw-material variables
in conjunction with the process specified by the new regulation.
EVALUATION OF INTERIM REGULATION HEAT PROCESS
In general, the smoking and processing practice of the industry is still an art, ratherthan
a technologically controlled process. Most processors lack both the devices necessary to
measure internal fish temperatures during smoking and the equipment necessary to control
the smoking operation. Accordingly, data were needed for evaluating the feasibility of the
process specified by the new regulation.
As the study of experimental smoking progressed, it became apparent that the industry
needed information on the following:
1. Smokehouse heat-input requirements.
2. Measurement of internal temperature of chub.
3. Temperature differential between internal fish temperature and smokehouse
temperature.
4. Total process time.
5. Smokehouse-temperature uniformity.
SMOKEHOUSE HEAT -INPUT REQUIREMENTS: Smokehouse heat-input requirements
were Studied to determine the additional input of heat needed to raise the internal fish tem-
perature to the regulation process temperature of 180° F. ina reasonable time (say, 2 to 3
hours).
General Processing Procedure: In all the studies reported in this article, we employed
essentially the same equipment, raw materials, and methods. The smokehouse used was a
relatively simple, electrically heated smoker designed to smoke meat products in small
Fig. 1 - Hanging brined chub onto sticks. Fig. 2 - Loading smokehouse.
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3
plants. Owing, however, to the high B.t.u. heating demand for smoking of fish to 180° F.
(because of short-time process with high-moisture-evaporative load), it was necessary to
quadruple the heat input by the addition of a gas burner. To obtain more uniform distribution
of heat and smoke, we added baffling within the smoking cabinet, a blower to obtain forced
circulation inside the smokehouses, and a second blower to feed the maximum amount of
smoke from an external smoke generator into the smokehouse. A multipoint recording po-
tentiometer permitted continuous recording of temperatures. At least 10 thermocouples were
employed during each run, generally 4 in the smokehouse and 6 or more embedded in the fish.
The material consisted of frozen eviscerated chub. In most instances, the chub were thawed
and prepared for brining and smoking in accordance with industry practice, and smoking and
heat processing were carried on simultaneously. The control of humidity was not practical
at the experimental temperatures used. (Note: |Most ofthe industry smokehouses donot now
employ humidity control.)
Product load and heat input were the variables in these preliminary experiments.
Findings: A large heat input far exceeding that generally available in Great Lakes com-
merical smokehouses is required to bring the internal fish temperature to 180° F. in 2-3
hours. A comparison of figures 3 and 4 shows the effect of increasing the heat input by 4 to
5 times for a fixed product load. The rapid
heating shown in figure 2 was necessary to
ensure an acceptable yield and to avoid over-
drying the product.
In determining heating requirements, the
processor must also take into account the
product load. In figure 5, where the product
load is approximately four times that in figure
4, the process is significantly lengthened.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: Tem-
perature measurement was Studied to deter—
mine the most reliable method for measuring
the internal temperatures of chub during
smoking.
Fig. 3 - Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of Procedure: Initially, we measured in-
chub. (Heatinput: 350 B.t.u./cu. ft. hr.; product load: 50 lbs.) ternal fish temperatures by a thermocouple
F.)
F.)
{Stationary
phase
: :
eo ig
: a.
TIME (hours)
Fig. 4 - Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of Fig. 5 -Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of
chub. (Heatinput: 1,600B.t.u./cu. ft. hr.; product load: 50 lbs.) chub. (Heat input: 1,300B.t.u./cu.ft. hr. ; product load: 220 lbs.)
.
4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
inserted along the axial length of the fish in its thickest part (midway between its outer and
inner surface). Experience demonstrated, however, that we obtained more accurate temper-
- atures by bending the thermocouple (90 de-
grees) about one-half inch from its end (de-
pending on the size of the fish), and inserting
the thermocouple wire at right angles to the
chub surface near the dorsal fin in the thick-
est part of the fish, securing the thermocouple
wire to the fish by wrapping a few turns of
string or preferably thin wire around boththe
fish and the thermocouple wire.
Findings: Special "point-sensitive' tem-
perature-measuring devices properly secured
are necessary to give true internal fish tem-
peratures, especially for small fish such as
chub. The use of large temperature-sensitive
bulbs give readings that differ markedly from
PTH the true internal fish temperatures (possibly
Fig. 6 - Securing thermocouple wire to chub. up to 50° F. or higher).
DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN INTERNAL FISH TEMPERATURE AND SMOKEHOUSE
TEMPERATURE: We conducted the following experiment to determine the temperature dif-
ferential needed to obtain a rapid continuous rise of the internal chub temperature to 180° F.
Rapid temperature rise is important both to speed production and prevent excessive drying
of the product.
Procedure: The temperature in the experimental smokehouse was raised generally to
240° to 250° F. in about 15 to 30 minutes, and the input of heat was then reduced to hold the
temperature within that range. This method resulted in a steady and fairly rapid increase in
the internal temperature of the fish. The fastest-heating fish (either because of size or loca-
tion in the smokehouse) usually reached 180° F. in less than 1 hour, and the slowest, in about
13 hours, making the total run about 23 hours (predicated on holding the slowest-heating fish
at 180° F. for 30 minutes). Because the smoke-generating equipment was inadequate, smoking
usually was continued through the entire period of heating to obtain the maximum smoke flavor
and desirable color. When the internal temperatures of the chub reached 180° F., smoke-
house temperatures were slowly lowered to determine at what temperature differential the
internal temperature of the fish begins to fall.
Findings: This work brought out clearly
that the temperature of the smokehouse differs
greatly from the internal temperature of the
chub (figs. 3, 4, 5, 7). Since fish is a rela-
tively poor conductor of heat, a sufficiently
large temperature differential must be main-
tained in order to drive the heat into the cen-
ter of the fish in a reasonable time. If chub
are to be processed in less than 3 hours, an
initial overall temperature differential of at
CEES Ste least 70° to 100° F. (of smokehouse over cen-
L ter of fish) is needed to attain the 180° F.
ee Biba ser, process temperature as rapidly as possible.
For maintaining the internal temperature of
180° F., the differential should not be less
than 50° to 60° F.
Blovest heating fish
IL (Note: This overall temperature differ-
me eam ential, however, gives only part of the picture.
Fig. 7 - Increase in internal product temperature during smoking of <
chub, (Heatinput: 1,600B.t.u./cu.ft.hr.; product load: 40 Ibs.) Figure 7, for example, presents the spread
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5
in internal temperatures between the fastest- and slowest-heating chub for a given run, as
well as the temperatures underneath the skin for the fastest heating chub. Here the differ-
ence between the temperature at the center of the fish and the temperature underneath the
skin represents the actual temperature differential driving heat toward the center. This tem-
perature differential within the fish is substantially smaller than that between the smokehouse
and the center of the fish, as is shown in figure 7. The temperature underneath the skin, in
addition to being dependent on the smokehouse temperature, is also a function of the evapora-
tion rate of moisture from the surface of the fish and therefore may vary greatly depending
on such factors as air velocity and the moisture content of the air. Since this additional
aspect complicates the picture, we have for simplification, considered the overall tempera-
ture differential--of smokehouse over fish--in our discussions, rather than the more variable
and more difficult-to-measure temperature differential within the fish. Thus, each commer-
cial processor employing steam or water-vapor injection and forced-air circulation should
check the minimum temperature differential necessary to efficiently attain the regulation
temperature of 180° F. for his specific installation.)
TOTAL PROCESS TIME: In the experiment on total process time, we studied the rate of
loss of moisture and its effect on yield during a regulation process and also the effect on
yield of air drying before and after processing. From the standpoint of cost and production,
the total process time obviously should be as short as possible consistent with good quality
and yield.
Procedure: The same processing pro-
cedure described under sections ''Smokehouse
Heat-Input Requirements" and ''Differential
Between Fish Temperature and Smokehouse
Temperature" was followed. This general
2-hour preprocess air drying at 160° house procedure was combined with pre- and post-
process drying of chub.
Gir Preprocess air drying at 70° F.
2-hour processing at 240° F. (regulation process of 30 win. at 180° F. and over)
Findings: Slow, prolonged processing as
a result of inadequate heat input significantly
f 14-houre postprocess air drying at 70° F.
19-hours postprocess air drying
) at 70° F
4-hours postprocess air drying at 70° F
i
5
g
|
a
e
2-hour processing at 240° F. ie
u
10 20 ~
TIME OF DRYING AND PROCESSING (hours) x
‘Fig. 8 - Decrease in percentage yield during processing and pre-
and post process drying of chub.
Start, 30 min, at 180° F., regulation process
End of process
fo
Perens
MOISTURE IM SMOKED CHUB (percent)
YIELD BASED OM BRIMED WEIGHT (percent)
Fig. 9 - Decrease of percentage yield and moisture during regu-
lation process and overprocessing of chub. Fig. 10 - Weighing chub for yield studies.
.
6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
reduced yield and undesirably dried the product. Predrying at low temperatures reduced
final yield without accomplishing any useful purpose. For the required process temperature
of 180° F., the optimum processing procedure would appear to be rapid heating with simul-
taneous smoking instead of smoking separately as has been industry practice in past low-
temperature smoking operations. For highest yield, the total time that the chub is exposed to
heat should be kept ata minimum. Figure 8 demonstrates that the loss of moisture takes
place continuously before, during, and after processing. To avoid loss in yield, the operator
should package the smoked product immediately after it has been chilled to storage tempera -
ture. Holding the chilled fish overnight before packaging may result in a 5- to 6-percent loss
in yield. Figure 9 shows that the rates of loss in moisture and yield are fairly uniform
throughout the regulation process.
SMOKEHOUSE-TEMPERATURE UNIFORMITY: Adequate forced-air circulation and good
baffling in the Smokehouse are essential in order to avoid undesirable hot and cold spots.
Even-heat distribution is of concern to management from the standpoint both of processing
regulations and of product uniformity and yield.
Grading for size in order to provide a uniformly processed product accordingly merits
consideration.
PRODUCT ACCEPTABILITY
In ascertaining the acceptability of the product, we were principally concerned about the
effect of the current regulation thermal-process requirements in relation to the following
three variables:
1. Heat processing and smoking before packaging.
2. Heat processing after smoking and packaging.
3. Simultaneous smoking and heat processing after packaging.
HEAT PROCESSING AND SMOKING BEFORE PACKAGING: Since all states in the Great
Lakes area interpreted the requirement of 1800 F. for 30 minutes to apply to heating and
smoking chub before rather than after packaging, the next experiment evaluated smoked chub
processed according to those regulations.
Procedure: The same general procedure previously described was employed.
Findings: Processing chub at 180° F. for 30 minutes before packaging is feasible (on the
basis of resultant yield and quality), although this temperature probably cannot be attained at
the center of the fish with the equipment cur-
rently used in industry. Chub processed for
an hour at center-of-fish temperatures of 180°
to 200° F. were not excessively dry or over-
cooked. Processing mixed sizes of fish may
present a problem, however, for the smaller
fish will be overprocessed and the yield thus
reduced. The decrease of yield caused by
loss of moisture during regulation processing
and overprocessing of chub is shown in figure
se
HEAT PROCESSING AFTER SMOKING
AND PACKAGING: To date the decision as to
whether regulation heat processing (180° F.
for 30 minutes) is to be carried out before or
after smoking and packaging the product has
not been agreed upon by all regulating agen-
Fig. 11 - Quality evaluation of chub after smoking. cies. Since our earlier experiment dealt with
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW "7
the effect on quality of heat processing before packaging, the next experiment determined the
effect on quality of regulation heat processing after packaging. We investigated the effect on
quality of processing at higher temperatures--204° F., which presumably is adequate to de-
stroy Clostridium botulinum Type E within about 10 minutes (a short-time -high-temperature
pasteurization process, Slightly more effective than the 180° F. for 30-minute process); and
245° F., which is adequate to destroy Types E, A, and B within about the same time (a ster-
ilization process).
Procedure: Two separate sets of smoked samples in flexible film (vacuum) and in alu-
minum foil were rapidly steam-retorted at retort temperatures of about 250° to 255° F.,
which were reduced as necessary to hold internal fish temperatures at about 204° F. or 245°
F. for the time intervals required to achieve either the estimated partial or complete steril-
ization.
Findings: Sterilization after smoking adversely affected the smoked flavor, producing an
inferior product. In partially steam-sterilizing individual smoked chub inside the package
(in aluminum foil, and in ee film with vacuum) for about 10 minutes at an internal tem-
perature of 204° F. (F, = .02,+/ which is estimated to be adequate to destroy Clostridium
botulinum Type E), ie foundiaet only that the texture and smoked flavor changed Significantly,
though not seriously, but that any rancidity initially present in the frozen chub stock was ac-
centuated. When individual smoked chub were fully steam-sterilized inside the package for
11 to 12 minutes at about 245° F. internal temperature (F, = 6 plus, adequate to destroy
Types E, A, and B Clostridia), the texture and smoked flavor were seriously affected.
SIMULTANEOUS SMOKING AND HEAT PROCESSING AFTER PACKAGING: We simul-
taneously conducted both the Smoking and heating process after the product had been packaged.
Potentially, this type of processing--if practical--could eliminate the hazard of bacterial con-
tamination of the product during the period between smoking and packaging.
Procedure: In a cooperative processing experiment with industry, one group of chub,
each enclosed in cellulose casings, was heat processed and smoked simultaneously. (The
cellulose casing permitted the vapor phase of the smoke to penetrate the material and impart
color, flavor, and odor to the product during heat processing. This technique thus theoretical-
ly permitted the product to be smoked while in the package.) A second group of unpackaged
chub similarly treated acted as controls.
Findings: Only where the cellulose casing was in immediate contact with the fish did
smoke, flavor, and color penetrate well. Upon removal, the casing tended to stick to the skin
of the fish. Moisture collected in pockets formed by the casing, although fluid could be de-
creased during processing by making a small opening at the bottom of the casing. Compari-
sons between control and cellulose encased fish indicated that the latter retained more mois-
ture and salt.
This method could possibly be an answer to processing smoked fish at 180° F. for 30
minutes and protecting the product from bacterial recontamination after smoking provided
that the quality and higher cost problems can be resolved.
EVALUATION OF PROCESSING VARIABLES
Several process variables subject to control by the processor were evaluated for their
effect on yield, quality, and composition of smoked chub, all within the framework of the reg-
ulation process (180° F. for 30 minutes). These included:
1. Raw material.
2. Brining.
3. Acid treatment.
1/F, serves as a commercial standard whereby the sterilizing effect of different processes may be compared under standardized conditions.
8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
RAW MATERIAL: We studied the effect of variability in initial quality, size, and com-
position of the chub on the ultimate quality and yield of the smoked product prepared in ac-
cordance with the regulation process.
Procedure: Three lots of chub of significantly different initial freshness were regula-
tion smoked. The first lot consisted of eviscerated chubs, mostly No“ 2 or medium, bulk-
frozen in 50-pound blocks with an ice glaze. This lot was to have been typical of commer-
cial frozen stock. Its quality, however, was highly variable, and much of it was very poor.
The second lot, which was frozen unglazed in plastic bags holding about 40 pounds, again con-
sisted of eviscerated chubs taken by a commercial vessel. These fish were more uniform in
size and of somewhat better quality. The third lot. was caught by a U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries exploratory vessel and frozen in plastic bags in 5-pound lots. Some bags held
mostly large fish (three to the pound), and others held small; all were superior in quality to
the other two lots. The general processing was similar to that used in earlier experiments.
Samples of the raw fish before and after brining and of fish after smoking, were analyzed
for moisture, oil, and salt (chlorides).
Findings: The raw and the smoked chub varied widely in both composition and quality.
Even fish af uniform size varied in composition, but the large fish usually had relatively more
oil. In general, size, quality, and the composition of the fish all affected the absorption of
salt and the other changes in the product that occurred during smoking.
The oil content of the smoked chub depended not only upon fish size (large fish were 2 to
3 percent higher in oil) but also on the extent of their drying during smoking. The percent-
age increase in oil content caused by drying was partly counteracted, however, by loss of oil
by drip. The oil content of all samples was
usually in the range of 7 to 15 percent. Mois-
ture content depended to some degree on the
extent of brining, but mainly on the drying
caused by the thermal process and by the pre-
process and postprocess handling. As ex-
pected, larger fish gave higher yields than
smaller fish. This fact again emphasizes the
importance of close grading for size before
smoking.
When the heat input was sufficient to en
able the processing to be completed within LS
hours, the yield of smoked product was 68 to
73 percent of the brined weight. Slow heating,
overprocessing, or air drying, either before
or after smoking, reduced the yield to about
Fig. 12 - Oil-extraction apparatus. 55 to 65 percent.
Chub of initially poor quality or those that subsequently became poor in quality while in
frozen storage gave a less desirable smoked product and lower yields. Oxidative rancidity
was clearly apparent immediately after smoking in the more poorly preserved frozen chub.
BRINING: We studied the effect of various brining conditions on the ultimate quality and
yield of the smoked product in relation to the regulation process.
Procedure: Some lots of chub were brined overnight in 20° to 30° salinometer brine in
accordance with industry practice. Other lots were placed in stronger brines (50° and 70°
salinometer) for 1 or 2 hours. Another lot, involving 11 sublots, was brined in concentra-
tions ranging from 0 to 100° salinometer (saturated). All lots were given the regulation
process.
Findings: On the basis of taste-panel tests, 2 to 3 percent salt in the smoked product
appeared to be the acceptable range for most consumers. Smoked products in this salt range
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9
100
3 tJ &
BRINE STRENGTH (degrees salinometer))
w
°
Fig. 13 - Taste-panel evaluation of chub for salt level and quality.
° 2 4 6 8 6
required a salt content of about 1 to 2 per- L NE Te aD ae EL iscsi nal
Fig. 14 - Percentage change in thawed chub weight with increas-
cent before being smoked. pprining chub over- ing strength of brining solution (18-hour brining time).
night (16 to 18 hours) in 20° to 25° salinom -
eter brine or for 2 hours in 40” to 50°” sali- S$
nometer brine usually resulted in a satisfac-
tory level of salt in the smoked product.
Fail
In the test using 11 brine concentrations,
the fish gained weight in all lots but the one
involving saturated brine. As expected, the
uptake of salt during brining depended large-
ly on the concentration of brine and duration
of brining. The maximum increase of 10 per-
cent in chub weight occurred in brines of 25°
and 30° salinometer (fig. 7). Figure 15 shows
the percentage increase of salt content in
brined and smoked chub with increasing aE ES = SSS SSS
ini i ig. 15 - Increase in salt concentration in the brine smoke
BLEen ete OE pees BOLUELOU: product with increasing strength of brining solution (18-hour
brining time).
|
ACID TREATMENT: We studied the
feasibility of increasing the acidity of the meat of smoked fish to a pH at least 4.0 by an acid
pretreatment as a means of inhibiting Clostridium botulinum growth (Type E toxin has been
demonstrated, however, in pickled herring of pH 4.0 to 4.2 at 23° C., Dolman, Chang, Kerr,
and Shearer, 1950; and Dolman and Iida, 1963.) We recognized that the buffered nature of
the fish tissues would present difficulty in lowering the pH of the product. To answer several
requests from industry for such data, however, and to estimate the resulting effect on the
quality of the product, we carried out experiments with several acids that are sometimes
used in food products.
Procedure: The following acid-brine treatments were tried: 10-percent acetic acid for
1 hour, 5-percent acetic acid for 18 hours, 2-percent phosphoric acid for 2 hours, 5-percent
lactic acid for 16 hours, and 2-percent lactic acid for 16 hours. Controls were run with each
set of acid-treated fish.
Findings: When the acidity of the smoked fish product was increased significantly by em-
ploying acetic, phosphoric, or lactic acids during the brining operation, the quality was im-
paired. Texture and flavor acceptability decreased markedly as did also the yield. Increas-
ing the acidity by decreasing the pH of the smoked product to 4.0 or lower therefore appears
to be impractical.
10
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
CONCLUSIONS
I. Meeting the interim-regulation heat process (180° F. for 30 minutes) will require
considerable modification of current commercial processing equipment and prac-
tices.
PX.
B.
Rapid heating is necessary to ensure good yield and to avoid excessive
drying of product.
Special point-sensitive temperature measuring devices (thermocouples)
are necessary to give true internal temperatures for small fish such as
chub. Large temperature-sensitive bulbs give false readings.
If rapid heating of product is to be achieved (process time of less than
3 hours), an initial temperature differential (of smokehouse over fish)
of at least 70° to 100° F. is needed.
For optimum yield, the total process time (from presmoking through
packaging) should be held to a minimum consistent with quality. The
product therefore should be smoked, cooled, and packaged rapidly.
Forced-air circulation and baffling in the smokehouse are essential in
order to ensure uniformity of smokehouse temperature and thus mini-
mize hot and cold spots.
II. From the standpoint of yield and quality, smoked chub heat processed as specified
by the various State regulatory agencies (180° F. for 30 minutes outside the package)
is an acceptable product. Smoking of chub after packaging, or pasteurization or
sterilization reprocessing of presmoked chub after packaging, however, yields an
inferior product.
III. Variables such as the oil content and size and quality of the raw fish affect the con-
centration of brine and brining time needed. These process variables do not con-
flict, however, with the regulation process as such--that is, each variable must be
considered separately.
AS
B.
C.
Chub vary widely in size, composition, and quality. These variables all
affect salt uptake during brining and product behavior during smoking.
Two to 3 percent salt in the smoked product appears to be an acceptable
range for most consumers.
Decreasing the pH of smoked fish to 4.0 or lower appears to be imprac-
tical from the standpoint of product quality.
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
Although the current interim regulations adopted by State regulatory groups are feasible
from the standpoint of quality and yield and probably will give greater protection to the prod-
uct than before, the actual degree of microbiological safety for a product mishandled during
distribution (for example, held at a storage temperature higher than recommended) is at
present unknown.
We anticipate that the Bureau's microbiological contract work will shed light on this
aspect of the problem. Several different ways of attacking it are being tried simultaneously.
Results of the Bureau's efforts in this field will be disseminated as rapidly as each phase of
the work is completed.
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11
LITERATURE CITED
DOLMAN, C.E.; H. CHANG, D, E. KERR; AND A. R. DOLMAN, C.E., AND H. IDA
SHEARER 1963. Type E Botulism: Its Epidemiology, Prevention, and
1950. Fish-Borne and Type E Botulism: Two Cases Due to Specific Treatment. Canada Journal of Public
Home-Pickled Herring. Canada Journal of Public Health, vol. 54, p. 29.
Health, vol. 41, pp. 215-229.
BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE
Copies of back issues of Commercial Fisheries Review for the years and months as
indicated below are available upon request by writing to: Fishery Market News Service,
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 N. Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Va. 22209. Re-
quests will be filled on a first-come first-served basis until the supply is exhausted.
1956 1957 1959 1960 1962
Jan. Jan. . Nov. June May
Apr. Apr. Dec. July June
Dec. Aug. . Aug. Aug.
Sept. Sept. Oct,
Oct. Nov.
Nov. Dec.
Dec:
Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior-a department of conservation--is concerned with the
management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park
and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.
As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable
resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future,
and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the
United States--now and in the future.
12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
AGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMERCIAL
CALIFORNIA BLUEFIN TUNA CATCH IN 1963
By Peter A. Isaacson*
ABSTRACT
Over 30 million pounds of bluefin tuna were landed at California ports in 1963, making it the
third largest season in 46 years. The fishery was dependent on fish of age groups I, II, and II which
comprised 89 percent by weight and 97 percent by numbers of the catch. Age group II was the larg=
est age group by weight comprising 43 percent of the total quantity.
Good correlation was found between the means of age groups I, II, and II and length=frequency
modes, strongly supporting the theory that checkmarks on scales are of annular origin.
INTRODUCTION
Between the years 1918 and 1963 the California commercial landings of bluefin tuna
(Thunnus thynnus) have varied from about 0.5 million pounds in 1933 to over 31 million
pounds in I During the past 10 years bluefin tuna has placed among the top 10 commer-
cial species in ‘value and pounds landed. The past season, 30,400,087 pounds of bluefin tuna
were landed at California ports, making 1963 the third largest season in 46 years.
Annual bluefin age and growth parameters are necessary before population dynamics can
be investigated. Due to the constantly increasing demand for fish as a source of food anda
source of certain manufacturing
Table 1 - Calculated Percentage of Fish Landed Both by Number and by Weight 4
for Age Groups 0 Through VI for the 1963 Season Year-Class Are Also Indicated anes ee auch the ape
[| i {| u {| m {ow fv {wl iimitiess stocks of the oceans
might be depleted by the contin-
By Number. . . uous removal of its resources, the
Percentage Catch dynamics of the population from
By Weight .. i a a
which our commercial fishery
draws its catch must be under-
stood before realistic manage-
ment judgments are possible. To
aid in determination of maximum
sustainable yield of the eastern
Pacific bluefin stock, data was
collected from the 1963 commer-
cial bluefin landings at Terminal
Island, Calif., on both age and
length frequency so that an esti-
mation of the age composition of
the catch could be made.
=
2
<
°o
zx
-
°
e
rs
°
re
z
w
°o
«
wi
a
Age Group LN ee
eae hs MATERIAL AND METHODS
The absolute age determina-
tion of tuna is difficult and the re-
MID-MONTH PERIODS sults obtained from some investi-
Fig. 1 - Shift in the dominant age group by numbers from age group II to age SEO LS BS jp elects aIe The
group I. scale technique as used by Bell
on the albacore, Thunnus alalunga,
(1962) and bluefin tuna (1963) was sufficiently encouraging to justify the use of his methods.
*Marine Biologist, Marine Resources Operations, Department of Fish and Game, Menlo Park, Calif.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 713
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13
Scale samples and length-frequency data were collected throughout the 1963 season.
Length-frequency samples were collected randomly and consisted of 50 fish from each ves-
selin port. At times, conditions arose when all vessels could not be sampled; however, a
concerted effort was made to sample as many vessels as possible. The fish were measured,
to the nearest centimeter, from the tip of the upper jaw to the fork of the tail. A sample of
approximately 50 scales was obtained from every fifth fish in the length-frequency sample
for use in age determinations. Scales were taken from either the caudal peduncle or froman
area below the second dorsal fin.
Bluefin scales are difficult to read and cleaning and staining the scales helped to distin-
guish the checkmarks (Bell 1963). Eleven percent (132) of the 1,170 scale samples were un-
readable due to oil impregnation, regeneration, or other imperfections.
RESULTS
Of the 1,038 scale samples read, only 24 were from age groups 0, IV, V, and VI. Over
89 percent of the weight of the fish caught in 1963 consisted of age groups I, II, and III, with
Table 2 - Ages of 1,038 Bluefin Tuna Caught in the Commercial Fishery
in the 1963 Season
age group II contributing 43 per-
cent of the quantity. Over 97
percent of the catch by number
consisted of the same age groups
with age group I the dominant
age group (table 1.)
Standard Error
From mid-July through mid- };:ofMeam- «+++ | 0.89
September there was a shift in
the dominant age group by num-
bers from age group II to age
group I (fig. 1). Ninety percent
of the landings of age group I
were made in those two months
and contributed over 60 percent
of the total catch by numbers.
FREQUENCY IN NUMBERS
The good correlation found
between the means of age groups
I, Il, and III and length-frequen-
cy modes strongly support the
theory that checkmarks on
scales are of annular origin.
Small samples sizes for age
groups 0, IV, V, and VI gave
inconclusive comparisons
(table 2, fig. 2).
=
-
:
z
we
4
SUMMARY
FORK LENGTH IN CENTIMETERS
The 30.4 million pounds of Fig. 2 - Age and length frequency relationship of sampled bluefin tuna. The fine line
bluefin tuna landed in California represents the range; the long solid box, one standard deviation on either side of the
made 1963 the third largest sea- mean; and the short box, one standard error of the mean on either side of the mean.
son in 46 years. The fishery was dependant on fish of age groups I, II, and III which com-
prised 89 percent by weight and 97 percent by numbers of the catch. Age group II was the
largest age group by weight comprising 43 percent of the total quantity.
A second movement of bluefin into our fishing area may be indicated by a shift in domi-
nant year-classes by number in the later part of the fishery.
Only 11 percent of the 1,170 scale samples collected were unreadable for various reasons
and the good correlation between length-frequency modes and means of age groups I, II, and
Ill strongly indicate that checkmarks on the scale are of annular origin.
.
14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
LITERATURE CITED
BELL, ROBERT R.
1962. Age Determination of the Pacific Albacore of the 1963. Preliminary Age Determination of Bluefin Tuna
California Coast. California Fish and Game, vol. Thunnus thynnus. California Fish and Game, vol.
48, no. 1, pp. 39-47. 49, no. 4, p. 307. Pe S
TODAY SMALL FISH USED TO MAKE LOW-COST MARINE OILS
If the fish aren't biting it costs the paint and varnish industry more than usual to man-
ufacture its products. :
What's the connection? It's a boney fish too oily to eat, weighing less than a pound,
measuring less than a foot--the menhaden, the principalsource in the United States of the
marine oils used as drying agents in paints and varnishes.
Marine oils mixed with raw linseed oil are used in exterior house paints. They're
used also in barn and roof paints, rust-proof coatings, and undercoat paints. In varnish,
bodied fish oil is combined with tung oil, a use that will probably increase because the cost
of fish oil is well under that of tung oil.
Marine oils, along with the fish meal that's produced at the same time, are used ona
much smaller scale in livestock and poultry feeds and other products.
While marine oils account for less than 3 percent of the United States output of fats
and oils, they are low-cost competitors of such farm-derived products as soybean, linseed,
castor, tung, and tall oils.
Now that vitamins Aand Dare produced synthetically, another type of marine oil pop-
ular 30 years ago--the medicinal oil such as cod-liver oil--has all but vanished.
Last year menhaden accounted for 90 percent ofall marine oil produced in the United
States. But the menhaden, whichmostly swim along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, weren't
around to be netted by commercial fishing fieets in the usual numbers last year.
As a result, marine oil production dropped sharply from ahigh of 266 million pounds
in 1961 to 186 million pounds in 1963.
Marine oilprices rose accordingly, from 4 cents a pound (Baltimore) in January 1963
to 8.5cents inApril1964. In August 1964 the price of menhaden oil had risen to 8.75-9.25
a pound,
At 4 to 5 cents a pound, fish oil is one of the lowest-priced oils on world markets.
While manufacturers like the quality finish the marine oils give paint and varnish, it's
basically price that gives fish a competitive edge over soybean, linseed, and other drying
oils, both at home and abroad.
The United States is anet exporter of marine oils, sellingmenhaden and buying whale
sperm oil which is used as a lubricant in fine precision instruments.
This favorable export positionis relatively new. Up until 1950 we were a net import-
er. (The Farm Index, U. S. Department of Agriculture, August 1964.)
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15
Alaska
HANDLING AND PROCESSING ABOARD
JAPANESE VESSELS OF ALASKA SALMON:
_Two of the Japanese vessels in Prince
William Sound, which processed fresh salmon
purchased from Alaska fishermen this past
summer, were visited in August 1964 by an
observer from the U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries. He was accompanied by the
representative of a Japanese international
combine who was serving as coordinator for
the Japanese fishing firms involved in the
salmon purchase. Processing aboard the
Japanese factoryships was said to be similar
in all cases. The Japanese vessels visited
were the stern-ramp freezer trawlers Ibuki
Maru and Daishin Maru No. 15. A descrip-
tion of the processing aboard those vessels
follows:
Normally, Japanese workmen board the
fishing boat and place the fish into a brail
with a purse-string closure in the center.
No salmon are accepted that are badly wa-
termarked or that have been pewed through
the body. Those men handle the fish with
gloved hands. When the brail is loaded, it
is lifted aboard the processing vessel, and
the fish are released on an elevated sorting
table. Here the salmon are inspected, seg-
regated by species, and placed in a sheet-
metal chute leading to the processing deck
below.
Processing aboard is very simple, with
all salmon frozen in the round. The fish are
thoroughly washed with soft brushes and
salt-water sprays (no tanks or dips and no
water used twice). Pink salmon are placed
in stainless steel freezer pans with remov-
able bottoms that hold about 10 kilograms
(22 pounds). The pans hold 6 to 10 pink salm-
on placed ina single layer side by side,
head to tail to head. A similar freezer pan
somewhat larger--perhaps 15 kilos (33
pounds)--is used for larger fish.
Small chum salmon are hand-packed like
the pink salmon. Larger chum salmon are
placed on a sheet of plastic packaging materi-
al, sprayed with an antioxidant, and frozen
individually.
After being packed, the fish are conveyed
to the freezing compartment. The Japanese
vessels are equipped with at least 12 hydrau-
lically-operated pressure plate freezers each
with a capacity of about 1 ton. In addition,
they usually have a blast freezer to handle in-
dividual fish and other nonuniform jobs. The
freezing cycle is 4 to 6 hours depending on
the load and other fish waiting to be processed.
After they are frozen, the fish are con-
veyed through a glazing machine where tem-
perature is controlled to release the fishfrom
the pans. The pans are removed, and the
block is glazed in a second glazing machine
before being packed in corrugated cartons for
storage in the hold. Handling is assisted by
conveyer systems or salt-water flumes, and
there is a minimum of hand labor.
According to information from Japanese
sources, the pink salmon will be canned in
Japan, and the chum salmon sold on the fresh
market. The canned salmon will then be ex-
ported, probably to the United Kingdom. No
fish cutting was observed aboard the vessels
visited.
KOK OK O&K
FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES
OFF ALASKA:
U.S.S.R.: Soviet trawling activity in the
Gulf of Missi was gradually reduced through
August 1964. By month's end about 30trawl-
ers accompanied by various types of support
vessels were operating alternately on Alba-
tross and Portlock Banks off Kodiak Island.
Soviet activity in the Gulf during 1964 has
been considerably less than in 1963. It was
believed this was due to expanding saury and
herring fishing activities off the Siberian
16
Fig. 1 - Type of Soviet trawler operating in North Pacific and
Bering Sea.
coast and Sea of Okhotsk rather than to any
lessening of fishing success in waters off
Alaska.
Soviet whaling activity shifted into the
Bering Sea during August, with one fleet op-
erating east of the Pribilof Islands, a second
fleet fishing generally south and west of that
island group, and a third hunting along the
Aleutian Chain. It was believed that 1964
was the first year the Soviets have commer-
cially exploited the whale resources of the
eastern Bering Sea.
Japan: Two Japanese king crab factory-
ships, the Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru,
accompanied by 12 catcher vessels fished
along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula
from the vicinity of Unimak Pass to the Port
Moller area during August.
:
3 vi se
Fig. 2 - Sorting and weighing crab meat prior to freezing aboard
a Japanese king crab factoryship.
One shrimp factoryship (Einin Maru) ac-
companied by 12 trawlers continued to fish
north of the Pribilof Islands group. Thesec-
ond shrimp factoryship, the Chichibu Maru,
was believed en route to resume fishing for
shrimp in that same area after transferring
the salmon purchased in Prince William Sound
to the vessel Haruna Maruon the high seas.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
Two Japanese fish meal factoryships ac-
companied by an undetermined number of
trawlers returned to the eastern Bering Sea
after an absence of several weeks. It was
believed they later shifted operations west to
the Siberian coast (between Cape Navarin and
Cape Oliutorskii) through most of August.
¥ ia Wee om
Fig. 3 - Type of Japanese trawler operating in the Bering Sea.
It was believed that Japanese whaling op-
erations were terminated in August and that
those fleets might be en route to Japan.
Two small Japanese side trawlers and 4
stern trawlers were reported fishing for
shrimp and Pacific ocean perch on Albatross
Bank off Kodiak during August 1964. ,
Kok OK KOK
KODIAK HAS EXCELLENT
SALMON SEASON:
| Kodiak Island had what appeared to be the
best pink salmon year in recent history. The
weekly closures on salmon fishing there this
year (1964) have been primarily to give the
rushed canneries an opportunity to keep pace.
But a pessimistic note at Kodiak during Au-
gust was the presence of large king crab ves-
sels with no market for their catch. One
shore plant was processing crabs on a part-
time basis. Only two other processors were
then operating--one at Port Wakefield and
the other at Jap Bay.
It was believed there would be at least five
king crab plants in operation in Kodiak by
late fall. Another plant was operating in
Raspberry Straits, just a few minutes flying
time from Kodiak.
* KOK KX
KODIAK PROCESSING PLANT
VERY ACTIVE:
A Kodiak cold-storage and processing
plant (temporarily put out of commission by
November 1964
the March 27 earthquake) was reported to
have bounced back stronger than ever. This
past August there were about 60 people work-
ing in the Dungeness crab-processing section
of the plant which was started about a year
ago. The crabs being processed were large--
3-5 pounds, and they were plentiful. The
product is prepared inseveral different ways,
ranging from picked meat put up in 5-pound
cans to individual selected crabs which are
ice-glazed and frozen whole after being dipped
in a special formula of brine. Those whole
crabs reach the market without being cleaned,
but the bright red shells have been scrubbed
to a polished sheen. In addition to Dungeness
crab, a king crab-processing line has just
been set up in another section of the Kodiak
plant. That other section is operated by a
different firm and employs about 35 people.
On the main floor, salmon and halibut are
cleaned and frozen during the season. Daily
landings of halibut at the plant at the end of
July were near 600,000 to 700,000 pounds.
The cold-storage section of the plant em-
ploys about 45 persons.
KKK KX
GOOD PROGRESS IN
HERRING REDUCTION:
Herring reduction plants at Big Port Wal-
ter and Washington Bay were having a good
production season this past summer. At Big
Port Walter the pumping system of unloading
fish is being replaced this year with a ''ma-
rine leg'' bucket elevator, which was used a
few years earlier. The reason for the re-
version is to slow down unloading equipment
and to decrease loss of oil. By the end of
August 1964, 88,000 barrels of herring were
processed at Big Port Walter, with the oil
yield exceeding 5.5 gallons per barrel.
KOK KOK OK
AMPLE SUPPLIES FOR CRAB-
PROCESSING PLANTS:
As of August 1964 there were three shore -
processing plants and two floating plants
processing crabs in the Shumagin Islands and
Alaska Peninsula areas. Crab catches in
those areas were excellent and adequate to
keep the plants operating ona full-time basis.
KK OK KK
CORDOVA DUNGENESS
CRAB PRICES DROP:
Dungeness crab fishermen in Cordova
were faced with a drop in price from 14 cents
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17
to 12 cents a pound for whole crab on August
15. The price decline was attributed to mar-
ket demand. The only Dungeness crab packer
on the Sound also said fishermen would be
placed on a limit because the plant was unable
to keep up with the catch.
KOK OK OK OK
FILING OF FISHERY DISASTER LOAN
APPLICATIONS EXTENDED TO
OCTOBER 31, 1964:
Extension of the time for acceptance of
fishery disaster loans to October 31, 1964,
was announced by the Regional Director for
the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in
Alaska, on September 25. The Secretary of
the Interior authorized the extension of the
time for acceptance of fishery loan applica-
tions to be handled as disaster loan applica-
tions from September 30, 1964, to October 31,
1964. Disaster loans through the U.S. Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries provide finan-
cial assistance to fishermen who need to re-
place or repair commercial fishing vessels
or fishing gear that was lost, damaged, or
destroyed during the March 27, 1964, earth-
quake or subsequent tidal waves.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 13.
S
Alaska Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
SHRIMP EXPLORATIONS OFF ALASKA:
M/V “Paragon” Cruise 64-2 (June 16-Sep-
tember 19, 1964): Exploratory fishing for
shrimp and other shellfish (scallops) in the
Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea was the princi-
pal objective of this 13-week cruise by the
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries char-
tered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon.
A total of 308 stations in the area of op-
erations was covered during this cruise. Em-
phasis was oriented toward completion of un-
iform seasonal summer shrimp explorations
for the northern portion of the Gulf of Alaska
from Cape St. Elias westward to the Aleutian
Islands. During three summer seasons, be-
ginning in 1962, over 500 exploratory shrimp
trawl drags were completed in that area by
fishing vessels chartered by the U.S. Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries. Secondary objec-
tives of the Paragon's cruise included pre-
liminary shrimp explorations in selected
areas of the eastern Bering Sea and recon-
18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
naissance for indications of scallops in wa-
ters adjacent to Kodiak and the Alaska Penin-
sula.
The primary sampling gear used were 40-
foot flat and semiballoon shrimp trawls and
Set se —
Fig. 1 - Chartered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon.
BERING
BRISTOL BAY
Vol. 26, No. 11
an 8-foot New England style scallop
dredge.
To facilitate cruise organization and com-
parative evaluation, the area fished during
Paragon's Cruise 64-2 was divided into 5
geographic entities--Area D, consisting of
the waters off the northern end of Kodiak Is-
land and Marmot Bay; Area E, the southern
portion of Shelikof Strait and waters adjacent
to the Alaska Peninsula west to Sutwik Is-
land; Area F, west of the preceding to Unimak
Island (including the Shumagin Islands); Area
G, Sanak Island west to Unalaska Island in-
cluding Unimak Pass; and Area H, selected
portions of the Bering Sea and Bristol Bay.
The abundance of shrimp in the vicinity of
the Shumagin Islands (Area F), indicated by
earlier Bureau explorations in 1957, was
positively substantiated during this cruise.
The average catch rate for 82 thirty-minute
trawl drags in that area was over 650 pounds.
Individual catches of over 1,000 pounds of
shrimp were common. Of particular note was
the fact that those catches included significant
quantities of the desirable side-stripe shrimp
LEGEND:
AREAS OF EXPLORATIONS:
D SReeereeaRRNSA
[as
F RERUN
G otetetetatetataraterete?
Fig. 2 - Shows division into geographic areas of Paragon Cruise 64-2, June 16-September 19, 1964.
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19
Summary of Catch Data for Shrimp Taken on the M/V Paragon Alaska Exploratory Cruise 64-2
Shrimp Species arta Catch of eiaran Per Trawl ae
Common Name
Scientific Name
Pink shrimp
Side -stripe
Pandalus borealis
Pandalopsis dispar
Humpy Pandalus goniurus
Coon-stripe Pandalus hypsinotus
MOtdl eke. evel euciis ol ele ona e_suetelleue
(Pandalopsis dispar) which averaged in size
about 26 whole shrimp to the pound. This
Species was also well represented in Mar-
mot Bay (Area D).
) In the overall survey, pink shrimp (Pan-
dalus borealis) was the dominant species, |
accounting for almost 70 percent of the total
shrimp taken. Other species caught, but in
relatively small quantities, included "humpy"
(Pandalus goniurus) and coon-stripe (Panda-
lus h us hypsinotus).
Reconnaissance for scallops was carried
out at locations where local knowledge of
scallop (Patinopecten caurinus) occurrence
had been indicated. Sixty-seven sampling
drags were made with an 8-foot wide scallop
dredge. From that total, 28 of the drags
caught scallops in quantities ranging from 1
to 250 per 30-minute drag. The best catch
was from near Marmot Island and consisted
of about 250 six-inch scallops. Only six
drags took more than one bushel of scallops.
The results of those limited scallop explora-
tions do not provide evidence of commercial
concentrations in the areas sampled.
In addition to data on shrimp and scallop
abundance, records were kept throughout the
cruise of other shellfish and fish caught. For
example, data such as the size and number
of halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) taken
during trawl drags were recorded. One 30-
minute shrimp trawl drag made in inner
Bristol Bay yielded 252 juvenile halibut
which indicates that location is included in
an important nursery area.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 14.
Alaska Fishery Investigations
COPPER RIVER SOCKEYE SALMON
SEROLOGICAL SAMPLING:
The Branch of River BaSin Studies, U.S
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, in
Western Alaska has completed its 1964 collec-
tion of Copper River sockeye salmon blood
samples for serological analysis at the Seattle
Biological Laboratory. Samples were taken
from 406 fish in the commercial fishery at
the Copper River Delta and from 991 fish on
the spawning ground of the upper and lower
Copper River.
An attempt was to be made this year(1964),
on the basis of serological analysis, to sep-
arate fish in the commercial fishery into
races that have been already identified on the
spawning grounds.
Ok KK OK
NAKNEK SYSTEM RED SALMON
SMOLT OUTMIGRATION:
An estimated 7.2 million red salmon smolt
were reported to have left the Naknek Lake
system in 1964. Thus, the 1964 outmigration
was considerably smaller than the peak out-
migration of 16.8 million estimated in 1962.
About 69 percent of the 1964 migrants were
3-year-olds from the 1961 brood year, while
the remainder of the smolts were 2-year-olds
from the 1962 brood year. From1956to1961,
2-year-old smolt made up the largest part
of the yearly outmigrations. However, since
1962, the outmigrants have mainly been 3-year-
olds, with the 1964 smolt run having the
greatest percentage of 3-year-olds onrecord.
OK OK OK
KARLUK LAKE SALMON ESCAPEMENT:
Adult escapement of sockeye salmon to
Karluk Lake through August 20, 1964, num-
bered 225,512 fish or somewhat below the
20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
1961-63 average of 264,000 by that date. Al-
so, 219 king salmon and 28,275 pink salmon
had passed the weir up to that date. A sub-
stantial pink salmon run appeared to be de-
veloping at that time.
ste ole ote oe oe
CRAB TAGGING PROGRAM:
Although bad weather hampered vessel
operations during late August, more than
4,000 crabs were tagged. Tagged crabs were
released in offshore areas on Albatross Bank,
near Chirikof Islana, and west of Chirikof
Gully near the Semidi Islands. Returns from
those releases should give important infor-
mation on the geographical boundaries of
several stocks of crabs.
2K ok Ok ok
OLSEN BAY PINK SALMON RUN, 1964:
The early pink salmon run this past sea-
son, which was smaller than in recent years,
entered Olsen Creek by August 10, and the
late run was beginning to enter the stream
by August 20. Chum spawning (totaling about
5,000 fish) was virtually completed by the
end of August.
Prior to the Alaska earthquake this past
March, 95 percent of chum spawning and 75
percent of pink spawning occurred in the
Olsen Creek intertidal zone. This year only
25 percent of the chums utilized the inter-
tidal area, and through August only 35 per-
cent of the pinks. Chums spawned this
year in the new intertidal zone between pres -
ent tidal elevations of 7.5 and 10.5 feet. That
elevated area corresponds with the pre-
earthquake lower intertidal zone (elevation
2.5 to 5.5 feet), and was never before occu-
pied by chum salmon. Pink salmon are also
spawning in the 7.5- to 10.5-foot section;
they have used that area before (when it was
2.5 to 5.5 feet), but only in years when
spawners were much more abundant than
this year.
Mortality of eggs deposited in the pre-
earthquake 2.5- to 5.5-foot zone was nearly
100 percent informer years. That high
mortality was probably due to a high per-
centage of fine material in the streambed,
and to extreme changes of temperature,
salinity, and dissolved oxygen accompany-
ing tidal cycles.
Vol. 26, No. 11
Because of elevation of the spawning area
by the earthquake, the lethal effects of tide on
the pre-earthquake 2.5- to 5.5-foot zone have
now largely been eliminated. The principal
remaining limiting factor is excessive fine
materials in the streambed gravels. There-
fore, survival of eggs in the present 7.5- to
10.5-foot level will depend mainly on how
rapidly salmon spawning and stream action
will remove the fine materials to permit ad-
equate intragravel water circulation. Assess-
ment of survival in the fall of 1964 and again
next spring by egg pumping will give the
answers.
we eh ha eas
TRANSPLANTING LIVE PINK SALMON:
At Kuiv Island this past August, from
3,000 to 4,000 live pink salmon were seined
and placed in circulating sea water tanks
aboard a fishing firm's tender. The fishwere
caught in Bear Harbor, Affleck Canal, and
arrived at Little Port Walter in good condi-
tion after a 7-hour trip. They were released
into a large floating pen in the bay and held
for later release in Sashin Creek above the
weir. Mortality during capture and transit
was less than 5 percent. Observations of the
distribution of the transplanted fish in Sashin
Creek were to be made, and survival of their
progeny will be measured in order to study
this method as a transplanting tool.
He ie 3S Ke OK
STUDIES ON MIGRATIONS
OF JUVENILE SALMON:
The M/V Heron accompanied by the re-
connaissance-catcher vessel Blue Boat com-
pleted Early Sea Life of Salmon cruises 3
(July 27-August 5) and 4 (August 17-24) in
major channels of Southeastern Alaska and
on the outer coasts of Chichagof and Prince
of Wales Islands. Those cruises were part of
a series to trace seaward migrations of ju-
venile salmon as they move through summer
nursery areas to the Gulf of Alaska. The
cruises were highly successful because ideal
weather conditions prevailed for observations
and fishing. Round haul seine catches from
the Blue Boat ranged from several hundred
to several thousand per set.
November 1964
American Fisheries Advisory Committee
FISHERIES PROBLEMS TO BE
DISCUSSED AT 18TH ANNUAL MEETING:
Testing and tasting of irradiated fishery
products was to be one of the highlights of
the 18th annual meeting of the American Fish-
eries Advisory Committee scheduled to be
held at Beverly, Mass., October 5-7, 1964,
announced the Regional Director, North At-
lantic Region, U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries, on October 1.
During its 18th meeting, the Advisory
Committee will review national and interna-
tional problems confronting the United States
commercial fishing industry and also review
research and other programs of the Depart-
ment of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries. Because of the Massachusetts
meeting site, special attention will be given
to fishery developments in the New England
area.
The American Fisheries Advisory Com-
mittee, comprised of individuals actively en-
gaged in the commercial fishing industry,
advises the Secretary of the Interior on mat-
ters pertaining to the commercial fishing in-
dustry. It was formed in 1955 under pro-
visions of the Saltonstall-Kennedy Act, which
makes funds available to the Department of
the Interior for research on domestically-
produced fishery products and other pro-
grams. Frank P. Briggs, Interior's Assist-
ant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife is the
permanent chairman of the committee.
The committee meets once or twice a
year depending on circumstances. Its last
meeting (17th annual meeting) was at Hono-
lulu, Hawaii, in January 1964. That meeting
emphasized oceanographic research and
other matters pertaining to the commercial
fisheries of Hawaii and the Central Pacific.
In addition to Assistant Secretary Briggs,
other Department of the Interior representa-
tives to attend the meeting included Thomas
D. Rice, Special Assistant to the Commis-
sioner for Fish and Wildlife, and Donald L.
McKernan, Director, Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 9.
my
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
21
American Samoa
AMERICAN SAMOAN-BASED
TUNA FLEET DWINDLING:
The number of tuna vessels operating out
of American Samoa is progressively decreas-
ing. In mid-August 1964, there were 35 tuna
vessels working out of that base, compared
with around 100 vessels in 1963 during peak
periods. Of those 35 vessels, 22 are Japanese,
9 Korean, 3 Formosan, and 1 Okinawan. In
September, the number of Samoan-based ves-
sels was expected to be further reduced to a-
round 30, due to additional withdrawals con-
templated by Japanese vessel owners.
The high cost of vessel operations is said
to be one of the major problems for Japanese
vessel owners operating out of American
Samoa. Fuel, which they have to purchase
through the United States packers located on
Samoa, is said to cost 50 percent more than
in Japan. Another problem troubling Japanese
vessel owners is the increasing demand for
better working conditions being made by crew
members serving on vessels under 100 gross
tons, which have poor accommodations.
Those problems are compelling owners of
vessels under 100 gross tons to withdraw op-
erations from the Samoan base, and it appears
that the base, which Japan originally developed
to aid her small and medium tuna vessel own-
ers, is being taken over by the Koreans and
Formosans.
The reduction of fleet operations in the
South Pacific Ocean is said to have increased
the catch rate. The catch rate for albacore
is reported to have more than doubled, from
50-60 fish average per long line in 1963 to
120-130 fish in 1964. However, the fish are
smaller this year, averaging 33 pounds as
compared with 39.6-48.4 pounds in 1963. Jap-
anese fishery circles are primarily attributing
the higher catch rate attained this year to the
absence of heavy fleet concentrations on the
fishing grounds and not to the recovery of
resources. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August
23, 1964.)
California
SAN FRANCISCO BAY
INVESTIGATIONS CONTINUED:
M/V “Nautilus” Cruises 64-N3a-b-c-d-e
S.F. Bay Study (February 19-21, 1964, March
22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
14-18, April 21-24, May 16-20, June 16-20):
To collect fish species and invertebrates rou-
tinely at six stations to: (1) determine their
distribution and relative abundance under
prevailing environmental conditions, (2) de-
fine ecological zones of San Francisco Bay,
and (3) determine the food organisms of
principal fish species and their availability
were the objectives of this series of cruises
by the California Department of Fish and
Game research vessel Nautilus.
The six stations worked in the Bay study
area (San Francisco Bay south of San Pablo
Bay) had an average depth ranging from 20to
50 feet, with the location of each station as
follows: (Station 1) - 7 mile south of Red-
rock; (Station 2) - $ mile east of northeast
corner of Treasure Island; (Station 3) - 7
mile west of northwest corner of Treasure
Island; (Station 4) - } mile east of radar
pylon at north end of San Bruno Shoal; (Sta-
tion 5) - 3 mile north of No. 2 buoy at en-
trance to Redwood City Harbor midway be-
tween the centers of the San Mateo and Dum-
barton bridges; and (Station 6) - 3 mile east
of the Dumbarton railroad bridge.
RICHMOND
Legend:
0) - Collecting station.
OOSIONVUA NVS
--- - Bridge.
ee!
S MILES
Shows collecting stations during San Francisco Bay study by the
Nautilus.
Vol. 26, No. 11
Operations during this cruise included
catching surface fish with a midwater trawl
25 feet on a side. This net was towed routine-
ly for 20 minutes, but in May and June most
stations were also covered by a second 20-
minute tow to check adequacy of the sample.
Night tows were made at stations 1, 2, and 3.
Replication of tows and night drags indicated
the basic 20-minute unit was collecting ade-
quate samples.
On the February and March cruises, bot-
tom collections were made with a 10-foot
beam trawl dragged for 20 minutes, or with
two 10-minute tows where debris became a
problem. On the April, May, and June cruises,
the bottom was sampled with a 15-foot wide
otter trawl as it caught more fish per tow
than the beam trawl, and picked up less trash.
Plankton tows lasting 20 minutes with a 3-
meter net were made at all stations and the
material was preserved for later analysis.
Several dozen shiner perch were collected
during the April cruise for bioassays. Ten
live white croakers were collected for fish-
sound communication studies, and some fish
were also collected for the Steinhart Aquarium
at San Francisco. ~
Surface and bottom water temperatures
and salinities were takenat stations 1 through
5 but at station 6, which was shallow, surface
samples only were taken.
During the first 6 months of 1964, 52 spe-
cies of fish were taken bringing the total to
62 species for the San Francisco Bay study
as of midsummer 1964. Five of the fish spe-
cies were not taken during 1963. Those not
taken were: bonehead sculpin (Artedius noto-
spilotus) at stations 1 and 3; padded sculpin
(Artedius fenestralis) at station 1; diamond
turbot (Hypsopsetta quttulata) at stations 1,
2, 4, and 5; river lamprey (Lampetra fluvi-
atilis) at station 5; and greenling sea trout
(Hexagrammos decagrammus) at station 3.
Surface water temperatures ranged from
11.1° to 18.6° C. (52.09 to 65.49 F.) as com=
pared with 11.9°to21.19C.(53.4°to 70.09 F.)
for the same period in 1963. Strong winds
are the temperature-controlling factor most
of the time. Salinities were higher at all
stations in 1964 due to less rainfall. The
range was from 23.3 to 31.9°/00 compared with
16.5 to 29.8°%00for the same period in 1963.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 11; Dec-
ember 1963 p. 20; September 1963 p. 15.
ok KOK K
November 1964
ABALONE OBSERVATIONS
AND GROWTH STUDIES:
these cruises by the California Department
of Fish and Game research vessels Nautilus
and Mollusk in the coastal areafrom Cambria
to Pt. Estero were to: (1) delineate a study
area for abalone; (2) sample red abalone
randomly for numbers, sizes, sex ratios,
and maturity; (3) make habitat and predation
observations; and (4) tag abalone for growth
studies.
During this cruise, coordinates within the
area of operations were plotted and charted
by the vessel Nautilus using radar, depth
finder, and visible reference points.
Because of poor weather conditions, chart-
ing was delayed and diving was so curtailed
that underwater observations were made on
only one day. Kelp appeared heavier than
usual for the time of year. Considerable
new shell growth at their margins was ob-
served on abalone measuring 3to4 inches,
but recent growth had occurred with all
sizes sampled during the cruise.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p, 24,
OK Kk OK
ALBACORE TUNA MIGRATION
STUDIES AND TAGGING:
M/V "N.B. ruise 64-S-3-Al-
bacore (May 25-June 23, 1964): The objec-
tives of this cruise by the California Depart-
ment of Fish and Game research vessel N. B.
Scofield were to: (1) intercept the albacore
tuna migration and determine its route into
the mainland fishing grounds; (2) collect
physical and biological data which may be
related to albacore occurrence; and (3) tag
and release albacore. The area of operations
was on the high seas off California and north-
ern Baja California, out to 600 miles off-
shore between the latitudes of Guadalupe Is-
land and Monterey (latitudes 29°00! to 36°30!
N. and to longitude 130900! W.).
During this cruise, some 3,100 miles
were scouted during daylight hours and sur-
face trolling gear was used. A total of 57
albacore tuna were caught, with the first tak-
en in 59.9° F. water on June 9, about 540
miles west of Pt. Buchon. Four more alba-
core (average 11 pounds) were caught June
18 about 360 miles west of San Diego in 59°
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23
Legend:
—>— - Vessel track.
@ - Catch localities.
eo ceahs
Cruise (64-S-3-Albacore) of the research vessel N. B. Scofield to
study migrations and collect biological data related to albacore
tuna.
to 60° F. water and the remainder (average
14 pounds) were taken June 20-22, about 20 to
30 miles south of San Juan Seamount.
Stomachs from 52 of the specimens were
either empty or contained such food items as
Squid, sauries, and larval fish. Trematodes
and copepods were collected from the stomachs
and gill chambers. Most of the fish were 2
years old, although a 1-year old fish was tak-
en along with 6 that were 3 years old.
Sea temperatures were obtained at regular
intervals by bucket thermometer, while the
thermograph provided a continuous record.
The temperatures ranged from 57.4° F. north-
west of San Juan Seamount to 68.4° F. at the
most southerly point of the cruise west of
Guadalupe Island.
A total of 78 bathythermograph (BT) casts
to 450 feet were made at about 40-mile inter-
vals; a water sample, for salinity determina-
tion, and the temperature was obtained at 10
meters by a Nansen bottle cast at each BT
station; and weather observations were re-
corded every six hours.
Eleven night-light stations were occupied
on this cruise while the vessel drifted on sea
anchor. Pacific sauries (Cololabis saira)
ranging from 4 or 5 individuals to schools of
several hundred were observed at every sta-
tion. A juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus
symmetricus), several species of Ianternfish
(myctophids), and several kinds of larval fish
were also taken. The more common inverte-
brates collected included coelenterates, am-
phipods, heteropods, tunicates, and salps. A
.
24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
total of 58 adult jack mackerel and four im-
mature blue shark (Prionace glauca) were
caught on hook and line.
The most commonly sighted bird on this
cruise was the black-footed albatross (Dio-
medea nigripes). An osprey (Pandion hali-
aetuS carolinensis) was seen on May 30 about
300 miles southwest of Point Sur, Calif.
Other birds observed were Beal's Petrel
(Qceanodroma leucorhoa), red-billed tropic
bird (Phaethon aethereus), and the common
tern (Sterno hirundo hirundo). Several por-
poise schools were also observed, and Jap-
anese glass floats were recovered in various
areas.
During the cruise, 5 albacore ranging from
62 to 71 centimeters (24.4 to 28.0 inches)
were marked with FT-1 dart tags and re-
leased.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 20.
2K aK OK OK
PELAGIC FISH POPULATION
SURVEY CONTINUED:
M/V “Alaska” Cruise 64-A04 Pelagic Fish
(June 2-21, 1964): The purpose of this cruise
by the California Department of Fish and
Game research vessel Alaska in the coastal
waters of southern California (including the
offshore islands) from Gaviota to San Diego
was to: (1) survey the pelagic environment
off southern California; (2) assess the densi-
ty, age and size composition of pelagic spe-
cies; (3) collect northern anchovy aes
mordax) samples for blood genetic and elec-
trophoretic studies; and (4) take underwater
pictures and make observations of the mid-
water trawl in action.
The midwater trawl, blanket net, and
visual scouting were the tools used in this
survey. A total of 35 trawl and 21 night-
light stations were occupied and 73 miles of
ocean were scouted at night between stations.
The Precision Depth Recorder was used dur-
ing each tow and was quite effective in lo-
cating schools of fish and fish scattered near
the surface.
Photomoter readings, made at most sta-
tions, varied from 0 to 99 with most of the
readings in the 80's. The zero reading was
caused by a heavy "'red tide bloom" in Santa
Monica Bay.
The only fish sighted during scouting were
eight Pacific bonito(Sarda chiliensis) schools.
Vol. 26, No. 11
Legend:
X - Anchovy.
ap 71 fo
72. Conception, , O - Jack mackerel.
ZIT] / MM ala
Santa Barbara @ - Station,
San Miguel Island
Pelagic fish population survey by the Alaska Cruise 64-AO4 (June
2-21, 1964),
During most of the cruise there was very little
phosphorescence in the water, a prerequisite
to effective night scouting for fish schools.
Anchovies were the most abundant fish
species caught. Other fish taken, in their or-
der of abundance, were: jack mackerel (Tra-
churus symmetricus), Pacific hake (Merluc-
cCius productus), queenfish (Seriphus politus),
midshipman (Porichthys sp.), Pacific pom-
pano (Palometa simillima), and small quan-
tities of 19 other species.
Invertebrates caught on this cruise includ-
ed salps (Salpa tilesiicostata), squid, and
euphausiids (Euphasia sp.). Salps were very
abundant and complicated trawling by clogging
net meshes. In Santa Monica Bay they were
so abundant that further trawling operations
there were cancelled. 2
A total of 18 tows was made after darkand
17 during daylight hours (normal working hours
were from 1800 to 0200, sunset was about
2030 Pacific Daylight Time). All night tows
were successful in catching some species of
fish while only 10 of the daylight tows were
successful. Only 9 of 21 night-light stations
were successful.
ANCHOVIES: Anchovies were found through-
out the survey area with the exception of San
November 1964
Clemente Island. In the Port Hueneme-Santa
Barbara area, large schools were noted on
the fathometer and anchovies were caught in
all but 2 tows. In general, fish in that area,
were not large (about 115 millimeters, or 4.5
inches standard length).
The area from Los Angeles to San Diego
did not contain any large schools (none were
seen on the depth recorder or surface) but
fish were scattered near the surface. Deep
tows gave poor results while all surface tows
were very successful. This same observa-
tion was made in the fall of 1963 during a
Similar pelagic fish cruise. Fish caught were
larger than those in the more northerly por-
tion of the survey area with many exceeding
130 millimeters (5.1 inches) and showing
more advanced gonad development.
Samples were taken for electrophoretic
studies, primarily from areas not fished by
the live-bait fleet.
JACK MACKEREL: Most of the jack
mackerel taken on this cruise were caught
near the offshore islands by midwater trawl.
Offshore samples were dominated by the 1963
year-class whereas inshore catches were all
small young-of-the-year. Night tows took
95 percent of the catch.
PACIFIC HAKE: Tows made around the
offshore islands and between Oceanside and
San Diego took 227 hake ranging in size from
54 to 470 millimeters (2.1 to 18.5 inches)
standard length. The majority were small,
young -of-the-year.
One day of the cruise was spent with the
Department of California Fish and Game
divers making underwater observations of
the midwater trawl in action. Several tows
were made at various speeds and depths
while the divers crawled about the net. It
was noted that parts of the net were taut
while other areas were slack. The divers!
observations will be very valuable in rede-
signing the research vessel's old nets and
designing new ones. No underwater pictures
were taken because of adverse water condi-
tions. Several days of cruise time was lost
on this trip because of poor weather and an
engine breakdown.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 15;
December 1963 p. 17.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
25
Cans--Shipments for Fishery
Products, January-July 1964
A total of 1,586,934 base boxes of steel and
aluminum was consumed to make cans shipped
to fish and shellfish canning plants in January-
July 1964, a decrease of 10 percent from the
1,762,839 base boxes used during the same
period in 1963. The decline is due partially
to a drop in the canning of jack mackerel and
Maine sardines.
Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known
to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360
square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Ton-
nage figures for steel (tinplate) cans in 1964 are derived by use
of the factor 23,5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the
years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor
21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum
cans for packing fishery products is small.
Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations
SWIMMING BEHAVIOR OF TUNA
AND MACKEREL STUDIED:
Tuna and mackerel never stop swimming
in their openoceanenvironment. This contin-
uous Swimming by those species is being
studied in experimental tanks at the U.S. Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries Biological
Laboratory, Honolulu. Swimming is associ-
ated in varying degrees with food-seeking,
gill ventilation, and depth maintenance.
In the absence of food stimuli, wavyback
skipjack (Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye) which
have been held in the Laboratory's shoreside
tanks for a month usually swim at a uniform
slow speed (0.75 meters per second or 2.4
feet per second for a 0.42-meter or 1.3-foot
fork-length fish) throughout the day and night.
If deprived of food for several days, their
swimming speed decreases to 0.55 meters or
1.8 feet per second but increases aftera
meal. Since other animals, suchas mice, be-
come more active when deprived of food for
several days, it appeers that the slow contin-
uous speed of tuna is not controlled by the
food drive. Further evidence of this is that
tuna continue to swim at night although feed-
ing is confined to the daylight hours.
26
When tuna are alerted to the presence of
food they swim rapidly if they have not eaten
recently. When food odor is introduced into
the tank, wavyback skipjack which had not
been fed for 2 to 5 hours increase their speed
to 1.5 meters or 4.8 feet a second; those not
fed for 15 hours or more increase their
speed to 1.8 meters or 5.8 feet a second. At
sea this behavior characteristic of tuna may
increase the probability of their contacting
food outside of visual range which they have
sensed by chemical means.
Tuna must swim continuously to ventilate
their gills and to maintain their swimming
depth. Their slow continuous swimming
speed may be the slowest possible for ade-
quate ventilation, the slowest possible to
maintain depth, or it may be the slowest pos -
sible for both.
Wavyback skipjack tuna have no gas blad-
der and are more dense than sea water (body
density equals 1.08 grams per cubic centi-
meter, sea water density equals 1.02 grams
per cubic centimeter); therefore, a fish
weighing 1,080 grams (about 38 ounces) in
air, still weighs 60 grams (about 2 ounces)
submerged in sea water. These fish avoid
sinking by continuously swimming; when they
swim forward, hydrodynamic lift is exerted
against their pectoral fins which act as hydro-
foils. The amount of hydrodynamic lift ex-
erted varies with their swimming speed. At
slow speeds, wavyback skipjack extend their
pectoral fins more than 90 percent of the
time. As they increase their speed, they re-
tract their pectoral fins for longer periods
apparently to maintain swimming depth. Con-
tinuous extension at faster speeds would re-
sult in the fish rising to the surface. At
speeds greater than 1.2 meters per second
or 3.8 feet a second they extend those fins only
part way and rarely more than 20 percent of
the time.
The amount of gill ventilation obtained
from a given speed is controlled in part by
variations in the angle at which the mouth is
held open and by the percent of time the
mouth is completely closed. Pacific bonito
(Sarda chiliensis) observed at Marineland of
the Pacific in Palos Verdes, Calif., closed
their mouths up to 42 percent of the time at
slow speeds and had their pectoral fins ex-
tended almost continuously. It appears that
even slower speeds than are required for
hydrostatic lift would probably suffice for
gill ventilation of tuna.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
Studies are in progress at the Bureau's
Kewalo Basin Laboratory in Honolulu, to
learn more about the interaction between the
gill ventilation and hydrostatic functions of
continuous swimming in tuna and to determine
how these functional components affect their
behavior and activity.
KOK OK OK OK
SKIPJACK TUNA BLOOD-TYPING
STUDIES EXPANDED:
The following summary of skipjack tuna
blood-typing studies through July 1964 was
issued by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu,
Hawaii:
As a result of blood-typing studies in pre-
vious years, it is known that the skipjack tuna
population distribution in the central Pacific
can be broken down into a number of isolated
breeding subpopulations, and that at least two
different subpopulations of skipjack have ap-
peared in Hawaiian waters. Those populations
have been tentatively designated as Popula-
tions I and II.
To understand monthly features of the a-
vailability off Hawaii of the subpopulations,
intensive observations have been made since
mid-1963 by using blood samples taken at
local fish markets or the cannery. The re-
sults show that Population I appeared inter-
mittently during October 1963 and then in
1964 during the months of February, March,
May, and June, while Population II was usually
dominant from November through April. The
alternative appearance of two populations was
assumed to be possibly associated with
changes of oceanographic environments in
Hawaiian waters.
To attempt to clarify that assumption, a
series of cruises by the U.S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries research vessel Charles
H. Gilbert has been carried out since June
1964. The missions included the collection,
of blood samples from each skipjack school.
encountered, and oceanographic observations
such as salinity, surface-water temperatures,
and bathythermographic data. Although the
results of the preliminary observations are
encouraging, definite results can not be de-
termined until the present investigation is
completed.
Basic studies have been emphasized in
order to improve large-scale investigations.
November 1964
Such work includes the development of po-
tential reagents for typing and finding new
blood factors as well as determining their
genetics. At present, 32 individual differ-
ences have been recognized as a combination
of the 3 independent blood group systems.
Expanded knowledge of those hereditary char-
acteristics will be valuable in solving future
problems.
ok ok ok ok
TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRA PHIC
STUDIES CONTINUED:
ownsend Cromwel ruise 6 (July
13-August I, 1964): This was the sixth ina
series of oceanographic cruises to determine
rates of change in the distribution of proper-
ties in the trade wind zone of the central
North Pacific. The research vessel Town-
send Cromwell of the U.S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory,
Honolulu, Hawaii, operated in the central
North Pacific bounded by latitudes 10° N.,
27° N. and longitudes 148° W., 158° W. during
this cruise, which was completed August 1,
1964.
A total of 42 oceanographic stations were
occupied along the cruise track and temper-
atures and samples for salinity analysis were
obtained at each station at 20 depths to 1,500
meters. Deep casts to 4,000 and 5,000 me-
ters had to be canceled because of a defect
in the hydrowire.
The most noticeable change in the flow
pattern during July was the relaxation of the
currents in the area between 13° and 16° N.
latitude, where a large counterclockwise
eddy had been detected during the vessel's
previous cruise (June 15-July 5, 1964). This
relaxation appeared to be compensated for
by an intensification of the North Equatorial
Current south of 13° N. latitude.
Surface temperatures during this cruise
showed a continuing trend of warming as in-
dicated by the retreat of the 24° isotherm to
the extreme northeast sector of the cruise
area and by the appearance of the 27° iso-
therm in the southern section. Field plots
of the oxygen distribution showed a pattern
Similar to the known oxygen distribution of
the cruise region.
During the cruise, 49 feeding bird flocks
were sighted, 4 of which were associated with
skipjack tuna. Those flocks were more wide-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
27
Legend:
O- Hycropraniie station,
~ BT station,
~ Plankton station.
@- Number of feeding bird
flocks sighted.
Track chart of the research vessel] Townsend Cromwell Cruise 6
(July 13-August 1, 1964), showing depth contours of the 20° C,
isotherm in meters,
ly scattered throughout the cruise area than
were the 28 sightings of the previous cruise.
The standard watch for bird flocks and fish
schools was maintained during daylight hours.
Vessel operations on this cruise included:
(1) Bathythermograms (BT) at 20-mile and at
10-mile intervals; (2) surface bucket temper-
atures and water samples for salinity analysis
at each bathythermograph observation; (3)
dissolved oxygen determinations for each wa-
ter sample; (4) release of ten plastic enclosed
drift cards at 30-mile intervals along the en-
tire cruise track; (5) standard marine weather
observations; (6) radiation measurements
from the Sun and sky; (7) colored photographs
of cloud formations; (8) surface plankton tows,
for a period of one-half hour, using a 1-meter
net at 2000 daily; (9) collection and preserva-
.
28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
tion of flyingfish that stranded themselves
aboard ship; (10) ranging tests for implosion
devices at stations 7, 7A, and 16, and be-
tween stations 37 to 42, in cooperation with
the Pacific Missile Range.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 22;
September 1964 p. 15; August 1964 p. 17.
Export Opportunity
NEW SAMPLE DISPLAY SERVICE OFFERS
EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY:
o help United States firms establish
agents and distributors in selected foreign
markets, the U.S. Department of Commerce
is Sponsoring a Sample Display Service. The
new service, administered by the Bureau of
International Commerce, will permit United
States businessmen to display their goods
and sales information in showrooms at se-
lected U.S. Foreign Service posts. The first
displays will be at the U.S. Embassies in
Beirut (Lebanon) and Manila (Philippines);
the office of the U.S. Commercial Attache in
Nairobi (Kenya); and the U.S. Trade Center
in Bangkok (Thailand). Canned sardines is
one of the items specifically recommended
for display in Manila.
Manufacturers seeking to display goods
under the new service may apply directly to
the Bureau of International Commerce or to
any U.S. Department of Commerce field of-
fice. After processing applications, the Bu-
reau of International Commerce will send
shipping instructions directly to the manu-
facturers.
Manufacturers taking advantage of the new
service will supply merchandise samples
and pay the cost of one-way freight from
plant to foreign port of entry. The U.S. De-
partment of Commerce will provide the for-
eign display facilities, the agent-finding serv -
ice, customs and storage services abroad,
and if necessary, take care of the return
freight service. The displays will be geared
to smaller products, but large, heavy prod-
ucts may be put on exhibit through the use
of cutaways, models, films, or slides.
Samples and literature will be displayed
for 30 days. Sample displays will be under
the management of the U.S. Commercial
Attache in each city. Sample display staffs
will mount the exhibits, campaign to attract
Vol. 26, No. 11
agents and distributors to the showrooms,
demonstrate products, prepare summary re-
ports for exhibitors, recommend the most
qualified of the foreign representatives who
express interest in a product, and supply a
business report on each of those representa-
tives. Exhibitors will then negotiate directly
with the representatives they select. (Inter-
national Commerce, September 7, 1964, U.S.
Department of Commerce.)
Federal Purchases of Fishery Products
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
PURCHASES, JANUARY-AUGUST 1964:
Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the
Armed Forces under the Department of De-
fense, less fresh and frozen fishery products
were purchased in August 1964 than in the
previous month. The decline was 10.8 per-
cent in quantity and2.4 percent invalue. Com-
pared with the same month in the previous
year, purchases in August 1964 were down
4.5 percent in quantity and 3.4 percent in
value.
able 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense
Subsistence Supply Centers, August 1964 with Comparisons
Total purchases in the first 8 months of
1964 were up 10.1 percent in quantity and4.5
percent in value from those in the same peri-
od of the previous year. In January-August
1964 there were larger purchases of shrimp
and scallops, but noticeably lower purchases
of cod fillets, ocean perch fillets, and sword-
fish steaks (see table 2).
Canned: In the first 8 months of 1964,
total purchases of the 3 principal canned fish-
ery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines)
were up 71.4 percent in quantity and 74.5 per-
cent in value from those in the same period
of 1963. The increase was due to larger pur-
chases of tuna and salmon. The gain was
partly offset by smaller purchases of canned
sardines (see table 3).
Freeze-Dried: Fishery purchases for the
Armed Forces in August 1964 included 32,564
pounds of freeze-dried groundfish (cod or
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29
Table 2 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers,
August 1964 with Comparisons
Product
Shrim p:
Raw headless... .
Peeled and deveined
Becaded ore: nnareie rs
Molded and breaded
oF Sara
Te © «© ee ee ee eeee
IPACHIC ile cue 0. cinia © ci ls\lse
August
So en a
[Quantity [Cot | Quantity [ Com _|
| _Jamuary-August_—
[ise T1968
Cents/Pound « (Pounds). ....
03,090
45,952 557,582
19, 464 191, 936
65, 416 eae a 35, 789 eerie 749, 518
Fillets:
Cod se cece
Flounder ....
Ocean perch ..
Haddock... «
JA. nin
Salmon... ecccceccccce
Swordfish . «eee ec c cece ec
1/Breakdown not available.
113,005
19, 300
1, 150
Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense
Subsistence a Centers, August 1964 with Comparisons
2/Less than $500.
haddock) with an average value of $5.40 per
pound, and 2,239 pounds of freeze-dried
shrimp with an average value of $10.46 per
pound.
Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local
purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases
are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are
not obtainable.
(2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 p. 23.
Foreign Fishery Reporting
UNITED STATES FISHERY ATTACHE
PROGRAM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES:
he United States Fishery Attache Pro-
gram has been developed by the Departments
of State and Interior to meet the growing re-
sponsibilities and interests of the United
States Government and domestic fishing in-
dustry in foreign fisheries. To date, four
124, 844
14, 406
3,020
937,021
128, 587
33.7
|
39.0
61,2
52.8
fishery attache posts have been established in
foreign countries as follows:
Mexico City, Mexico: Regional fisheries
officer for Latin America has direct responsi-
bility for fishery reporting from Mexico and
regional responsibilities for 18 other coun-
tries. The post was established by the De--
partment of State in 1957 and was filled by
Milton J. Lindner; since January 1964, Richard
S. Croker has been the Fishery Attache.
Tokyo, Japan: This is a one-country post,
established by the Department of State in
1958. The first incumbent was Wilvan G. Van
Campen; present incumbent is Arnie J. Suo-
mela, who took up his duties as Fishery At-
tache in April 1961.
Copenhagen, Denmark: Fishery attache
for Europe has direct responsibility for fish-
ery reporting from Denmark and regional re-
sponsibilities for all other European coun-
tries, including the U.S.S.R. The post was
established by the Department of State in1961,
and Andrew W. Anderson was selected as the
first incumbent. In August 1964, an Assistant
Fishery Attache, Salvatore DiPalma, was ap-
pointed as a result of the increased workload
and travel requirements of that post.
Abidjan, Ivory Coast: The regional fish-
eries post for West and South Africa was es-
.
30 COMMERCIAL FISHERi“S REVIEW
tablished in 1963; the position was filled in
January 1964 by George B. Gross.
Freezing
USE OF LIQUID NITROGEN
TO FREEZE FISH STUDIED:
The relatively new technique of using liq-
uid nitrogen to freeze fishery products offers
considerable promise to the fishing industry
in improving process procedures as well as
quality of the product. This is particularly
true in the production of individually quick-
frozen items, where throughput will be great-
ly increased; weight losses (which run as
high as 10 percent in blast freezers) will be
eliminated; and color, flavor, and texture
may be better maintained than when conven-
tional freezing methods are used.
But there are several technological prob-
lems connected with liquid nitrogen freezing
that may cause difficulty if the process is
adopted without sufficient research. Chief
among those problems is that too rapid cool-
ing will cause the product to crack or even
to shatter. Generally the damage is very
obvious, but occasionally it may not show up
until the product is subjected to further proc-
essing such as freeze-drying.
As part of the project on the Investigation
of New Refrigeration Techniques conducted
by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass.,
tests were made to delineate precisely the
parameters involved in liquid nitrogen freez -
ing of various fishery products. In prelim-
inary tests with haddock fillets it was found
that no damage occurs when nominal freez-
ing rates of 2.0 to 7.0 centimeters per hour
are used. With conventional equipment a
nominal freezing rate above 0.5 centimeters
per hour is considered to be good commer-
cial practice.
Fur Seals
PRIBILOF ISLANDS FUR SEAL
SKIN HARVEST, 1964:
During the 1964 sealing season, the har-
vest of fur seal skins by the Pribilof Islands
staff of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish-
Vol. 26, No. 11
eries amounted to 64,209 skins. Of that total,
48,602 skins were harvested on St. Paul Is-
land and 15,607 skins on St. Georges Island.
Removal of blubber is an early step in processing seal skins.
Trained workers are shown performing this preliminary step in
skin processing on St. Paul Island.
The fur seal skin harvest in 1964 was be-
low the 1963 harvest by 21,045 skins. In1963,
a total of 85,254 skins was harvested as com-
pared with 77,915 skins in 1962.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 28.
~Ahodacivn™
Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
STUDIES ON TRAWLING OF
COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN
LAKE SUPERIOR CONTINUED:
M/V ruise ugust 7-22, 1964):
Investigating possible ways to improve meth-
ods for catching and handling Lake Superior
commercial fish species was the principal
objective of this 16-day cruise in Lake Supe-
rior from Whitefish Bay to the Keweenaw
Peninsula. This was the second of three
scheduled cruises for that purpose by theU.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory
fishing vessel Kaho.
Although primary consideration was given
to determining the seasonal availability of the
various species of fish to bottom trawls and
locating additional areas suitable for trawling,
other activities of the cruise were concerned
November 1964
‘YY Huron Bay nie Bay 4
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31
Legend:
Trawl Drag
Snag Encountered —K+
i
Night Light Station ~(<
1
——»
Station Number
Munising
Fig. 1 - Shows area of operations (Munising to Keweenaw Peninsula) during Kaho Cruise 20, August 7-22, 1964.
with (1) attempts to attract fish with sub-
mersible lights, (2) collecting length-fre-
quency data on chub, herring, and alewife,
(3) obtaining samples of fish for botulism
studies, and (4) collecting water samples for
limnological investigations.
Good to excellent catches of chub were
taken east of the Keweenaw Peninsula near
Bete Grise Bay and in Keweenaw Bay, and
fair catches of smelt were taken in Kewee-
naw Bay and Huron Bay. Catches of cisco
(lake herring) were insiginficant with the best
catch (35 pounds) recorded from Huron Bay.
Only two significant catches of common
whitefish were taken during the cruise. Dense
concentrations of fish were locatedinseveral
areas monitored during Kaho Cruise 18(May
25-June 10, 1964). Direction of tow greatly
influenced the catch on several drags indi-
cating direction of water current to be acon-
tributing factor in trawl catch rates.
Attempts to attract fish to a special 500-
watt white light lamp near the surface were
unsuccessful.
Additional trawlable grounds in deeper
than 60 fathoms were located north of Granite
Island and south of Manitou Island using a
high-resolution, white-line-type echo-sounder.
A total of 56 drags was made during the
cruise with a 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mex-
ico-type fish trawl. Of the total, 42 were
completed from Munising west to the Kewee-
naw Peninsula and 12 in and near Whitefish
Bay. All drags lasted 30 minutes except 8
which were terminated early when the net
either became fouled on bottom obstructions
.
32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
LEGEND:
TRAWL DRAG
SNAG
STATUTE MILES
“eer
Vol. 26, No. 11
cS)
F
WHITEFISH BAY
4 le~
Fig. 2 - Shows area of operations (Whitefish Bay) during Kaho Cruise 20, August 7-22, 1964.
eR SSAA Na
N
Fig. 3 - Recording from a high-resolution echo-sounder showing
or because of the presence of gill nets in the
area, and one drag which was extended to 60
minutes to study the production rates of long-
erdrags. Severe damage to the trawl occurred
during 2 encounters with snags. Stumps, logs,
branches, and rocks were picked up in 7 drags
resulting in only minor damage to the trawl on
4 such occasions and no damage in the re-
maining 3 encounters.
Commercially significant catches of chub
(over 200 pounds per 30-minute drag) were
taken off the east shore of Keweenaw Penin-
sula, Keweenaw Bay, and Huron Bay in 35-45,
30-40, and 11-15 fathoms, respectively. The
best catch of chub (1,210 pounds) was in 40
fathoms in Keweenaw Bay. The catch con-
sisted of about 70 percent (by weight) or 850
pounds of chub over 9 inches long. Most
catches of smelt (ranging up to 240 pounds)
occurred in the 8- to 16-fathom depth range
and were composed chiefly of 36 count (num-
ber per pound) fish. One 45-pound catch of
smelt from 25 fathoms in Keweenaw Bay was
largely of 16-count fish.
Only small quantities of cisco (lake herring)
were caught throughout the areas fished. Af-
ter-dark experiments with a light in areas
November 1964
where commercial gill-net fishermen were
catching herring proved unsuccessful in at-
tracting fish to the surface.
Catches of lake trout occurred at an av-
erage rate of 10 fish per drag for the entire
cruise. Most of the fish were under 9 inches
long and only 3 were native (not planted) fish.
Special efforts were made to return the fish
to the water in good condition. Recovery live
tanks were used aboard the vessel to allow
the fish to regain their equilibrium before
being released. A hypodermic needle was
also used successfully to ''deflate'' bloated
fish. It was estimated that over 90 percent
of the trout collected were returned to the
water in good enough condition to survive.
During the last phase of the cruise, 14 of
15 established stations in Whitefish Bay and
surrounding area were monitored. Catches
were generally insignificant with the best
catch being 120 pounds of chub taken in 35-
40 fathoms north of Whitefish Point.
On this cruise, bacteriologists from the
University of Wisconsin accompanied the
Kaho to collect various species of fish and
bottom material for botulism investigations.
A biologist from the Bureau's Ann Arbor
Biological Laboratory also accompanied the
vessel to record length-frequency data on
alewife, chubs, and cisco.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 20;
August 1964 p. 25.
KOK OK KX
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND
ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE,
CHUB, AND YELLOW PERCH IN
LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED:
M/V “Kaho” Cruise 21: To extend knowl-
edge of the seasonal di: aeatribubicns and abun-
dance of alewife, chub, and yellow perch in
Lake Michigan and their availability to bot-
tom trawls was the primary purpose of this
cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries exploratory fishing and gear re-
search vessel Kaho. The cruise announce-
ment on August 18, 1964, indicated the vessel
would conduct trawl explorations in northern
Lake Michigan and Green Bay (August 25-
September 3, 1964) and in lower and central
Lake Michigan (September 9-18, 1964). The
cruise plan called for: (1) echo-sounding
with high-resolution equipment to record
bottom and off-bottom fish concentrations;
and (2) trawling with a 52-foot trawl at stand-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33
ard stations (30-minute tows at 5-fathom in-
tervals from 5 to 50 fathoms) to assess the
seasonal commercial salt a ae potential.
Great Lakes Fishery Investigations
LAKE ERIE YELLOW PERCH
LANDINGS DOWN SHARPLY IN 1964:
Commercial landings of yellow perch at
Lake Erie by United States and Canadian fish-
ermen dropped sharply in 1964. The yellow
perch catch for the first 6 months in 1964 was
less than one-third that for the same period
in 1963. On that basis, it is estimated that
landings of that species for all of 1964 will
amount to less than 10 million pounds --the
lowest since 1955.
Annual landings of yellow perch from Lake
Erie have averaged only about 7 million
pounds for the past 50 years.
Until the 1950's,
the yellow perch
was considered
secondary to.
such "money"
species as
whitefish, blue
pike, and yellow
pike (walleye).
It is only since the disappearance or sharp
decline of those higher value species in re-
cent years that producers have come to de-
pend upon the yellow perch to keep them in
business.
The yellow perch fishery (United States
and Canada) reached an all-time high produc-
tion level in 1956-63, averaging well over 20
million pounds a year. Why then, the sudden
drop in landings in 1964? Two factors are
believed principally responsible --fluctuations
in year-class strength (i.e., numbers of fish
that hatch and survive in a given year) anda
pronounced slowing of growth rate in recent
years.
Relatively strong year- classes of yellow
perch were produced in the mid-1950's
topped by an exceptionally good hatch in 1959.
Landings from those combined year-classes
brought landings to the record highs that
were sustained through 1963. But during the,
more recent of those high production years,
the hatches of yellow perch were not always
good. The 1960 year-class, for example, is
known to have been very weak. That poor
.
34
year-class is the one upon which the fishery
must depend for the bulk of its catch in 1964.
Concurrent with the large populations that
permitted high production in 1956-63 has
come a Slowing of the growth rate. As late
as 1956, many of the yellow perch landed in
Lake Erie's western basin were fish that had
required only three growing seasons to reach
a length of 83 inches (then the legal minimum
length in Ohio). By 1959, yellow perch re-
quired four growing seasons to attain the
same Size. By 1964, at least four years were
required for most perch to grow to the short-
er legal length of 8.0 inches (the minimum
legal length in Ohio since May 1, 1964). The
declining growth rate in 1959-64 is illustrated
in the table of average lengths of perch taken
in trawls at the endof each growing season in
those years. The decline maybe anatural con-
sequence of increased competition for space
and food--although from what is known most
small forage fishes were maintaining them-
selves in large numbers in 1959-64. (Justas
perch grew faster when the population was
less dense, the relatively scarce yellow pike
or walleye are now growing far more rapidly
than during the years when they were abundant).
The 1961 year-class of yellow perch was
only fair, but the hatch in 1962 was unusually
large--the largest on record. If the growth
rate of those two year-classes hadbeen sim-
ilar to that of fish living in the lake in the
mid-1950's, both would by now have entered
the commercial fishery. Actually, only the
largest individuals of the 1961 year-class
were taken during the spring of 1964. The
1962 year-class had not entered the commer-
cial fishery by midsummer, although large
numbers--nearly all less than 8 inches long--
were being taken by anglers. It is unlikely
that this year-class will be represented in
significant numbers during the balance of
1964, in spite of the reduced size limit of
Ohio. (The change in regulation has, never-
theless, benefited the fishermen to some ex-
Average Total Length of Yellow Perch Taken in Trawls in
Western Lake Erie at the End of the Growing Season, 1959-64
Seasons of Year-Class
Growth Completed| 1959 | 1960] 1961[ 1962] 1963[ 1964
1/916 ¥ 3 E
6 = =
1/Estimated length at end of growing season based on length -fre-
quency data collected in August 1964.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
tent. About 20 percent of the legal-size perch
now being landed in Ohio are less than 83
inches long. Many of those smaller fish are
of the 1961 year-class.)
Earlier predictions that the 1962 hatch of
yellow perch would begin to enter the fishery
by the fall of 1964 will not be realized because
of the slower growth rate. Furthermore, ex-
perimental trawling during the past year has
indicated a heavier natural mortality of perch
of that extremely large year-class than was
anticipated (undoubtedly due in part to exten-
sive ''die-offs'' in the western and central
basin during the past two summers). The out-
look therefore is not as encouraging as it apr
peared to be earlier, even though large num-
bers of the 1962 year-class are still present.
Barring catastrophies such as additional
severe ''die-offs,'' the yellow perch catch
should pick up again in 1965 and improve fur-
ther in 1966 when the presumed still-strong
1962 year-class is expected to be completely
available to the fishery.
Se
Gulf Fishery Investigations
SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES:
M/V “Gus III” Cruise GUS-20 (August 21-
September I, 1964): Shrimp distribution
studies in the Gulf of Mexico were continued
during this cruise by the chartered research
vessel Gus III of the U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galves-
ton, Tex. Eight statistical areas were covered
and standard 3-hour tows with a 45-foot Gulf
shrimp trawl were made.
During this cruise, 34 tows with a 45-foot
flat traw, 63 plankton tows, 59 bathythermo-
graph, and 41 Nansen bottle samples were
taken. Also, 162 drift bottles were cast at27
stations, and one 24-hour current meter sta-
tion was occupied.
Catches were generally spotty and were
only fairly productive in three of the areas
worked where catches of brown shrimp ranged
from 32 to 59 pounds. Area 16 yielded a good
catch (48 pounds) of 15-20 count brownshrimp
from the over 20-fathom depth range. The
other two depth ranges in that area yielded
only a scattering of white and pink shrimp.
The largest catch of brown shrimp of the
cruise was from area 20--a total of 59 pounds
November 1964
pounds (mostly 25-30 count) from all three
depth ranges. That area also yielded 5
pounds of 15-20 count pink shrimp from the
0-10 fathom depth.
Area 18 accounted for a total of 43 pounds
with the largest catch (27 pounds of mostly
brown 21-25 count shrimp) from the 10-20
fathom depth. A 14-pound catch from the
0-10 fathom depth range of that area was
made up of 8 pounds of 21-25 count white
shrimp and 6 pounds of small brown shrimp
(68 count).
A total of 21 pounds of white 21-25 count
shrimp was taken from 0-10 fathoms in area
17, together with 3 pounds of small brown
shrimp. Shrimp catches were small in the
three depth ranges of the other areas worked
during this cruise.
Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are
the number of heads-off shrimp per pound.
Gulf States Marine
Fisheries Commission
ANNUAL MEETING IN
BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS:
The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Gulf
States Marine Fisheries Commission was
held in Brownsville, Tex., October 15-16,
1964. The opening general session on Octo-
ber 15 included an address by the Commis -
sioner, 8th U.S. Coast Guard District, and
an address by the U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries Chief Adviser on Oceanograph-
ic Research.
At the general session on October 16, the
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department gave
a progress report on Texas blue crab studies.
The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
presented a film on shrimp explorations in
the southwest Caribbean, and gave a progress
report on the Commercial Fisheries Re-
search and Development Act (P. L. 88-309).
emt s
Industrial Fishery Products
U. S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES:
Production by Areas, August 1964: Pre-
liminary data on U. S. production of fish
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
35
oil, and solubles for August 1964 as collected
by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
and submitted to the International Association
of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the
table.
U.S. Productio: of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas,
August 1964 (Preliminary) with Comparisons
1,000
Area
5 \ 2S Grater.
August 1964:
Fast & Gulf
(Coasise «se
West Coast2/ .
Jan. -Aug. 1964
Total. ates
an.-Aug. 150
Total ... » | 170,779 133,924] 67,458 7, 134
1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils.
2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico.
3/Includes condensed fish.
Kok KK OK
Production, July 1964: During July 1964, a total of 41,663
tons of fish meal and scrapand 31.8 million pounds of marine
animal oils was produced in the United States. Compared with
July 1963 this was an increase of 3,171 tons in meal, and a-
bout 2.8 million pounds in oil production. Fish solubles pro
duction amounted to 16,271 tons--an increase of 1,093 tons
compared with July 1963.
Menhaden meal production for July 1964 amounted to
33,089 tons--an increase of 1,981 tons compared with July
1963, and menhaden oil totaled 25.9 million pounds--an in-
r
U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles,
July 19641/ with Comparisons
July Jan.-July
1/1964 | 1962 | 1/1964) 1963
ee
Product
(Short Tons)
Fish Meal and Scrap:
Herring 3,256] 2,320} 4,940} 2,619) 7,537
Menhaden 2/ 33,089)31,108 99,705/ 181,750
Tuna and mackerel 1,741 11,651] 26,957
Unclassified 3,577] 3,782] 14,372) 15,569) 22,415
Total 41,663/38,492
Shellfish, marine-animal
meal and scrap 3/
Grand total meal and
scrap
lFish solubles:
Menhaden
Other
13,096} 39,878] 40,073) 74,831
1,513} 2,082] 10,758} 14,089] 25,347
Homogenized condensed
fish
Oil, body:
Herring
Menhaden 2/
Tuna and mackerel
Other (including whale)
Total oil
1/Preliminary data.
2/Includes a small quantity of thread herring.
3/Not available on a monthly basis.
31,782
36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
crease of 507,000 pounds over July 1963. Herring meal
production amounted to 3,256 tons--an increase of 936 tons
as compared with July 1963. Oil produced from herring
amounted to about 3.1 million pounds, an increase of 1.1 mil-
lion pounds compared with July 1963. Tuna and mackerel
meal production (1,741 tons) showed an increase of 459 tons,
and tuna and mackerel oil production amounted to 449,000
pounds--up 121,000 pounds.
KOK KOK OK
Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1964: United States
production of fish meal in July 1964 was higher by 8.2 percent
as compared with July 1963. Production of fish oil was up by
9.6 percent and that of fish solubles decreased 8.1 percent.
Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles,
and Oil, July 1964
tem and Period
Tr
. (Short Tons) .
Fish Meal:
Production:
July
January-June 2/
Year 3/ a
Imports:
July
January-June
Year
38,492) 55,602) 63,435
91,052) 121,836) 102,502
253,452) 312,259) 311,265
43,223) 25,857
181,934) 140,886) 107,826)
383,107] 252,307) 217,845
Fish Solubles 4/:
Production: ~
July 17,709] 22,207) 22,589) 18,876
January-June 2/ 42,825) 51,507] 40,200] 36,946
Year 107,402) 124,334/112,241| 98,929
Imports:
July 708 96
January-June 2,518
Year 3,174
. (1,000 Lbs.).
Fish Oils:
Production:
July 31,782] 28,990) 47,695) 57,239) 40,487
January-June 2/ 74,897) 69,589) 95,622) 89,026] 56,340
Year 185,827/250,075/258,118
40,449} 29,343
56,139] 97,806} 63,005) 68,127
262,342|123,050)122,486|143,609
January-June
'1/ Preliminary.
2/Data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of produc-
tion in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 percent; and
fish oils, 99 percent.
'3/Small amounts (10,000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal and
Scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals.
includes homogenized fish
KOK OK OK OK
U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES:
Production and Imports, January-July 1964: Based on domes-
tic production and imports, the United States available supply of
fish meal for January -July 1964 amounted to 410,921 short tons--
56,220 tons(or 15.8 percent) more than during January-July 1963.
Domestic production was 3,915 tons (or 3.0 percent) less, but im-
ports were 60, 135 tons (or 26.7 percent) higher than in January-
July 1963. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments
of 227, 325 tons.
The United States supply of fish solubles (including homogen-
ized fish) during January-July 1964 amounted to 54, 193 tons--
a decrease of 14.4 percent as compared with the same period in
1963. Domestic production dropped 16.4 percent but imports
of fish solubles increased 28.5 percent.
Vol. 26, No. 11
U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles,
January-July 1964 with Comparisons
Jan.-Jul
1/i964] 1963
. (Short Tons).
Fish Meal and Scrap:
Domestic production:
Menhaden
Tuna and mackerel
Herring
Other
99,705
11,651
2,619
15,569
181,750
26,957
7,537
37,208
Total production
Imports:
Canada
Peru
Chile
Norway
So. Africa Republic
Other countries
Total imports
[Available fish meal supply
Fish Solubles:
Domestic production
Imports:
Canada
Iceland
So. Africa Republic
Other countries
Total imports 3,557) 2,769 6,773
Available fish solubles supply 54,193} 63,303 | 114,175
1/Preliminary.
2/S0-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish.
207,402
HOOK OK OK 3K
MENHADEN CATCHES NORTH OF
CHESAPEAKE BAY DECLINE:
A serious decline in menhaden catches dur-
ing the 1964 fishing season in all areas north
of Chesapeake Bay has had particularly seri-
ous effects on industrial fishery products
processors in New Jersey, where the supply
has been dwindling for several years. Chesa-
peake Bay has been affected also, for although
the total menhaden catch for that region is
about the same as in previous years, the
northern fleet has moved into Chesapeake Bay
to share that catch.
Industry leaders met this past August with
representatives of the U.S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries to review the situation and
determine what action should be taken. Infor-
mation presented by the Bureau showed that
no outstandingly successful spawning of men-
haden has occurred since 1958. The very
large groups of fish born in 1958 has been
the main support of the fishery since 1959,
but those fish have virtually disappeared
through the effects of fishing and natural die-
off. Bureau scientists also have discovered
that the Chesapeake Bay and New Jersey fish-
eries are harvesting the same population of
November 1964
fish. These menhaden are first taken in the
Chesapeake region and move to northern wa-
ters as they increase in age, which means
the Chesapeake fishery has the advantage of
harvesting those fish before they migrate to
New Jersey and New England.
Since 1956, the proportion of the total
catch taken in the Chesapeake area has in-
creased from 33 to 74 percent. Thus, the
declining New Jersey menhaden catch is
caused by a combination of temporarily re-
duced spawning success and increased fishing
pressure in the Chesapeake region. The
trend is expected to continue and the north-
ern fishery is not likely to improve unless
fishing effort in the Chesapeake is reduced
substantially. This is a difficult problem to
resolve and it can be resolved only by the
industry itself, but with all the assistance
possible by the Bureau to help bring that in-
dustry to a better and more equitable eco-
omic level.
U.S. FISH OIL PRODUCTION
FORECAST FOR 1964:
U.S. production of fish oil (including whale
and seal oil, but excluding fish-liver oil) is
forecast at 200.0 million pounds in 1964.
That would be a gain of about 7.6 percent
over the 185.8 million pounds produced in
1963. (Fats and Oils Situation, August 1964,
U.S. Department of Agriculture.)
Editor's Note: In January-July 1964, U.S.
fish oil production totaled 106.7 million
pounds, an increase of 8.2 over the 98.6 mil-
lion pounds produced in the same period of
1963.
Inventions
SHRIMP HEAD AND VEIN
REMOVING TOOL PATENTED:
e inventor of a design for a hand-op-
erated tool to re-
move the head and
pull out the sand
vein of shrimp in
one operation
claims a cleaner,
more Sanitary,
and efficient way
of heading shrimp.
The inventor states
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
37
that the tool should be constructed entirely of
noncorrosive material, preferably stainless
steel, but plastics could be used for handles.
The tool has been tested. (Patent No. 3,126,576
SIC 3461; granted Bjarne Johannesen, 3349
Drexel Avenue, Port Arthur, Tex.)
—_——
Louisiana
FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963:
ummary: The total commercial catch of
fish and shellfish landed in Louisiana in 1963
was down 2 percent in quantity, but up 16 per-
cent in value from the previous year. Impor-
tant gains in the shrimp catch were respon-
sible for the overall increase in value. Men-
haden, shrimp, and oysters accounted for 95
percent of the total Louisiana catch in 1963.
MISSISSIPPI
Fig. 1 - Souther marine districts are important producers of fish
and shellfish.
Shrimp: Louisiana shrimp landings in
1963 were the highest in 10 years and repre-
sented 40 percent of the combined shrimp
landings from all Gulf States in 1963.
During the winter months of 1963, unfavor-
able weather conditions were more prevalent
than usual. Severe cold fronts repreatedly
lashed Louisiana coastal areas. Despite the
bad weather, fairly good shrimp catches were
landed in the winter of 1963. During that pe-
riod, there was evidence of a populous small
white shrimp crop in areas west of the Mis-
sissippi River. The protection given that
crop by a closed season was probably respon-
sible for the record May 1963 catch of over
1.0 million pounds of white shrimp.
.
38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Fig. 2 - Medium shrimp trawler docked at Westwego, La.
Fig. 3 - Prior to weighing shrimp unloaded from a fishing vessel
at Westwego, La., unsuitable shrimp and marine debris are re-
moved from inspection belt prior to weighing. On the scale is
a tared weighing bucket.
The Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries
Commission established May 15, 1963, as
the opening date for shrimp trawling in the
inside waters. A "bumper crop" of brown
shrimp had been predicted in the inside wa-
ters, and at the opening of the season, brown
shrimp were abundant in all areas. The
greatest concentrations were found west of
the Mississippi River. Landings were so
great for several days that the supply ex-
ceeded the processing capacity of the can-
ners. Catches leveled off by early June, but
continued at an exceptionally good pace until
the season closed July 15, 1963.
Vol. 26, No. 11
The fall white shrimp season opened on
August 19, 1963, and was even more produc-
tive than the spring brown shrimp season.
Craft of all sizes, including numerous out-
board motor rigs, participated in the harvest.
Extremely good catches continued through
November. October was the peak production
month with white shrimp landings of 10.3 mil-
lion pounds (heads -off weight).
Canning plants operated at peak capacity
during the 1963 shrimp season and shore em-
ployment was ata high level. The canners
packed nearly 717,000 standard cases--the
largest shrimp pack since 1953.
Shrimp prices declined sharply in 1963.
In May 1963, ex-vessel prices for small
brown shrimp (68 and over count, heads -off
weight) averaged approximately $24.50 per
210-pound barrel (heads-on weight) as com-
pared with $49.00 per barrel for the same
size-count in May 1962. Prices for large
Shrimp (15-20 count, heads -off weight) held
fairly steady until August 1963.
Oysters: The Louisiana oyster harvest in
1963 yielded 11.6 million pounds of meats
valued at $3.7 million. That was the highest
catch recorded since 1939 when 13.6 million
pounds were reported. Canning plants re-
ceived the majority of the landings and packed
approximately 173,000 standard cases of
oysters. The canned pack yield of the 1963
oyster landings was less than expected. There
was an unusual tenderness in the texture of
the meats during the spring season. That
made mechanical shucking difficult and re-
sulted in an abnormal percentage of the meats
being broken during processing.
The fresh oyster trade was fairly active
in 1963. Large quantities of shell-stock
oysters were trucked to processors in other
states.
Crabs: Louisiana hard blue crab landings
in 1963 of 8.0 million pounds (down 16 percent
from the previous year) were the lowest since
1954. There was less effort expended in the
crab fishery in 1963 because a number of
fishermen shifted to the more profitable
shrimp fishery. Crab plants produced ap-
proximately 570,000 pounds of fresh-picked
crab meat with a wholesale value of $672,000.
The demand for fresh-picked crab meat was
good throughout most of the year and resulted
in fairly stable prices.
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39
Louisiana Fishery Landings, 1962-1963
psec ge 8 ee ee
000
1,000 Lbs.
Shellfish:
Shrimp (heads-on):
Salt-water. . eee
Fresh-water. ..- +
Oysters (market)
Crabs, blue:
Hard... .e
Soft and peeler
Crawfish, fresh-water
Other shellfish. . ..
Total shellfish . ..
Salt-water Fish:
Edible fish . 2... wee
Menhaden. .. 22 eee
Unclassified fish for bait,
reduction, and animal food.
2,535.9
633, 484.3
6,970.8
Fresh -water Fish:
Catfish and bullheads. .
Buffalofish «se eee
Other fresh-water fish. .
43, re d
1
Ptisea-2 | 3, 7001 10, 159°7 ==
7,981.9 447.1
328.7 164.4
a i eee 3,097.1
ese | 182.3 278.3 122.6
103, 059.6 24, 554.7 66, 987.2 19, 466.8
9,522.9
343.9
462.5
171.9
424.3
7,994.2
3,017.8
689, 157.4
27.5
5,257.9 | 2, 420.9]
760, 662.2 ee a 776, 620.3 30, 333.7
Note: Oysters are reported in pounds of meats (8.75 pounds per gallon),
Figs) 4 - Menhaden vessel docked at a fishery industrial products
plant in Empire, La.
Menhaden: Landings of 633.5 million
pounds of menhaden in 1963--representing
the second largest Louisiana catch in the his-
tory of the fishery--were 8 percent below
the record catch in 1962. Considerable fish-
ing time was lost in 1963 due to unfavorable
weather on the menhaden grounds. The 1963
Louisiana menhaden catch yielded 66,200
tons of meal, 7.9 million gallons of oil, and
5.0 million gallons of solubles. Those in-
All other species are shown in round weight,
dustrial products had a combined value of
$13.1 million. The oil market was sluggish
in the beginning of 1963 with large stocks
carried over from the previous season, but
market conditions improved in the summer
and continued an upward trend during the re-
mainder of the year.
Edible Finfish: Louisiana landings of fin-
fish for human consumption in 1963 amounted
to 17.1 million pounds valued at $2.7 million.
Fresh-water species, as usual, accounted for
the bulk of the catch. All of the leading fresh-
water species registered slight declines in
1963. The market weakened in the spring
months and prices to the fishermen were re-
duced.
Recurrent fish kills in the Mississippi
River have aroused much concern. Massive
fish kills were reported for the fourth succes -
sive year in areas extending from above Baton
Rouge to the mouth of the River. Similar
kills occurred in the Atchafalaya River, Bayou
Grand Caillou, and Bayou Black. Investiga-
tions conducted by the Louisiana Wild Life
and Fisheries Commission's Water Pollution
Control Division indicated that pesticides may
have caused the fish kills. In some cases,
pollution from industrial operations was be-
lieved to have contributed to the fish losses.
Miscellaneous: Louisiana reports a sizable
production of fresh-water crawfish. An in-
40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
creasing number of crawfish farms provide
a reliable supply for the growing market for
that item.
=i :
a i
New York City
RELOCATION OF WHOLESALE
FULTON FISH MARKET RECOMMENDED:
Comprehensive studies on the relocation
of the New York City Wholesale Fulton Fish
Market were completed this past summer by
that city's Department of Markets. A re-
port on the studies calls for a new wholesale
fish market at a cost of about $14.5 million
to be located at Hunts Point, Bronx, on a site
proposed as an expanded New York City Ter-
minal Market which will also include a pro-
duce terminal and a meat distribution center.
The Mayor's Market Advisory Committee
at New York City, after studying the Con-
Sultant's report on the Wholesale Fulton Fish
Market, unanimoulsy approved the project
stating that the interests of New York City,
as a whole, would be served by the reloca-
tion of the existing Wholesale Fulton Fish
Market from its present location to new fa-
cilities to be constructed by the city ona
site large enough to consolidate, but not nec-
essarily limit the markets involved.
The Consultant's report stated that ''the
Fulton Fish Market has been operating con-
tinuously at its present location on the Hast
Vol. 26, No. 11
Fig. 2 - A scene in the Fulton Fish Market area, New York City,
showing the present congested conditions,
River, at the foot of Fulton Street for more
than 140 years. Housed for the most part in
old rundown buildings, there are now more
than 90 dealers, wholesalers of fresh and
frozen finfish and shellfish, processors and
purveyors, located in the market area."
The Consultant's report brought out (1) the
importance of fishery products receipts at
the Wholesale Fulton Fish Market, (2) the im-
portance of vessel fishery landings at New
York City, and (3) that the annual per capita
consumption of fishery products at New York
City is relatively high--about 30 pounds per
capita, or about three times more than the
national per capita consumption.
2 sy
eck ok slow
Fig. 1 - Proposed expanded New York City Terminal Market at Hunts Point, Bronx. At the right, is the produce terminal now under
construction, with some of its buildings and the railroad team track area shown; in the middle, are the large buildings comprising
a proposed meat distribution center, and at the lower left, in the shaded area is a suggested wholesale fish market.
November 1964
os its Ee ae
Fig. 3 - A scene inside one of the Fulton Fish Market sheds,
In 1963, total receipts at New York City
of fresh and frozen fishery products of both
salt-water and fresh-water varieties amount-
ed to 183 million pounds. In addition, 40
draggers in 1963 landed 335 trips at Fulton
Fish Market piers with about 8 million
pounds of fresh fish and shellfish, including
scup (porgy) and sea scallop meats as the
principal species.
In describing existing conditions at the
Wholesale Fulton Fish Market, the Consul-
tant's report concluded with, ''Locatedastride
South Street, a major north-south artery with
thousands of vehicle movements daily, it is
difficult for buyers to come and go freely.
The rundown, unsanitary and inadequate mar-
ket buildings are hardly attractive to dis-
criminating buyers and certainly do not stim-
ulate increased sales. Furthermore, our
studies indicate that little, if anything, can
be done to improve conditions at this loca-
tion. It is in the best interests of the City
and market users to relocate rather than
rehabilitate."
North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration
and Gear Research
SURF CLAM SURVEY CONTINUED:
survey of surf clam resources in cer-
tain waters off Maryland and Virginia was
conducted in June and July 1964 by the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research
vessel Rorqual. The vessel was continuing
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41
an Atlantic surf clam survey begun in the
summer of 1963. Survey work in 1963 was
conducted in various areas extending from
the south shore of Long Island, N. Y., to Mary-
land.
During June and July 1964, the Rorqual
operated in waters off the Maryland and Vir-
ginia coasts (see chart). Working in the
northern section of that area and following
predetermined 1-mile grid lines, the vessel
occupied 231 sampling stations. A 5-minute
tow with a commercial (40-inch blade) jet
dredge was made at each station.
Surf clams were taken in all but 2 of the
231 tows. The catch ranged up to 766 clams
per tow (about ten 80-pound bushels). The
size of the clams ranged from 0.75 to 7.25
inches in length, with most of them falling in
the 5.75- to 6.50-inch size group. Consider-
able variation was noted both in the number
of clams per tow and in the size composition.
The 3 largest catches consisted of 184, 198,
and 766 clams, having weights of 225, 242,
and 781 pounds, respectively.
The surf clam is by far the predominant
clam in the waters surveyed in Area 5. There
are indications that the density of surf clams
LEGEND:
SURF CLAM AREA 5
© ~ Individual survey station.
@ ~ Stations producing best catches
of small clams.
@ - Stations where three Largest
catches were made.
Shows stations occupied in Area 5 and best catches during Rorqual
surf clam survey in June-July 1964.
42
may increase as the survey extends to the
south and east. The 3 best catches were
made during the last 2 weeks of operation,
while working in the more southern section
of the survey area.
Surf clams were found to be most abun-
dant in waters where the depths ran between
80 and 110 feet. The largest catch was made
at a depth of 102 feet, with other good catches
occurring in waters of about the same depth.
No notably good catches were made in wa-
ters that were less than 80 feet deep, where
the bottom was found to be generally much
harder.
While running between stations, a clam
sounder was usually kept in operation on the
bottom. The instrument indicated that surf
clams are distributed very extensively at
varying densities in the sections between
stations and that the species is very well es-
tablished in the area surveyed.
The Rorqual was scheduled to resume the
Atlantic surf clam survey in the fall of 1964.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 28.
He ok ok oe oe
WHITING ESCAPEMENT STUDY:
M/V “Delaware™ Cruise 64-5 (July 28-Au-
gust 6, 1964): To study the size selectivity of
two different sized otter trawl cod-ends on
whiting (Merluccius bilinearis) was the objec-
tive of this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel
Delaware. The work was carried out in co-
operation with the Bureau's Biological Lab-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
oratory, Woods Hole, Mass., as part of the
studies of the International Commission for
the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries.
During this cruise, vessel operations were
carried out for the largest part of the time
in areas where the commercial whiting fleet
was trawling--off Cape Cod from Nauset Buoy
to Chatham and in Cape Cod Bay. In addition,
the vessel spent one day on Georges Bank
southwest of Cultivator Shoals.
On this cruise, a 2-inch and a 3-inch mesh
internal stretched mesh cod-end were inter-
changed on a nylon 60-80 whiting net rigged
on the vessel's starboard side and a cotton
net of the same design rigged on the port side.
In addition, a 1-inch mesh nylon cover was
affixed to the top of the 2-inch cod-end dur-
ing a number of tows of the series.
Trawling was done in random sequences,
changing the cod-ends and changing from port
and starboard sides of the vessel after every
5 tows. A total of 60 tows was made inwhich
sufficient whiting were taken to give valid in-
formation. Each tow lasted from 30 minutes
up to one hour.
All fish caught on this cruise were counted
and measured for length-frequency data, or
where catches of a single species were large,
a two-bushel subSample was measured. The
fish escaping into the cover on the 2-inch
cod-end were measured and recorded sep-
arately. Internal mesh measurements of the
cod-ends and cover were taken at regular in-
terval using an I.C.E.S. (International Coun-
cil for Exploration of the Seas) mesh gauge.
Fig. 1 - 1-inch cover (A) over 2-inch cod-end (B).
Fig. 2 - Measuring mesh size with mesh gauge.
November 1964
Data collected on this cruise has been
turned over to the Bureau's Biological Lab-
oratories for computer analysis and inter-
pretation. Depending upon results, further
studies may be continued aboard commercial
fishing craft.
OK OK OK Ok
ELECTRICAL FISHING
TESTS CONTINUED:
M/V “Delaware™ Cruise 64-6 (August 17-
28, 1964): Underwater observations were
made of the action of fish in or near the ef-
fective range of an electric field by means
of closed circuit underwater television dur-
ing this 12-day cruise by the U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing
vessel Delaware.
Observations during the cruise of fish
actions and reactions to the net, without the
electric field, are summarized as:
1. The fish do not seem to be panicked or
even particularly frightened by a net.
2. At slow towing speeds, the fish swim
along (a) in front of the net, (b) within the
mouth of the net, or (c) into and out of the
net.
3. At higher towing speeds, the fish swim
along with the net, but at an increased rate;
as towing continued at higher speeds, the
fish swim more in the direction in which the
net is towing and with less laterial move-
ment. At accelerated swimming rates, the
fish tend to drop back into the net with in-
creased frequency as they become tired.
Upon occasions, however, they increase their
Swimming rate in spurts in order to swim
out of the net or its path. From time-to-
time, fish could be observed going under or
between the rollers at the higher towing
speeds.
When the electric field was in use, the ob-
served reaction of the fish to the field, in
general, were as follows:
1. When within the effective range of the
field, the fish were (a) quickly seized by
muscular spasms which made swimming be-
havior ineffective; (b) the spasms were im-
mediately followed by temporary paralysis;
(c) if the field was quickly turned off, the
fish could recover their swimming ability
and escape before they went into the net; (d)
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43
if the field was kept on, deep stunning (nar-
cosis) or death followed.
2. When captured by the field, the fish
nearly always assumed a position above the
bottom, nearly perpendicular to the bottom,
with their heads in an upward position and
with their belly forward and away from the
net.
3. In this stunned and floating position,
the fish were overtaken and scooped up by
the net.
4. Although the smaller fish usually swam
higher off the bottom (when distributed by the
net) than the larger fish, they were affected
by the field at approximately the same dis-
tance from the anode; the strength of the field
in front of the anode (where the larger fish
were affected) was probably not as great as
it was where the smaller fish were taken(the
latter were nearer to a vertical position above
the anode).
5. At the leading edge of the effective
field, the fish were less affected while swim-
ming directly away from the anode than when
they attempted lateral movement; this may
have been due to a decrease in the distance
from the electrode rather than to the direc-
tional force of the electrical field.
Power was transmitted to two underwater
pulse transformers on the trawl net. Pulse
rates of 60 per second (30 per transformer)
and 40 per second (20 per transformer) were
used during the trials. Total power used
ranged from about 18 kw. to 34 kw. with 26.25
kw. used most of the time.
During the cruise, some 4,000 feet of 16
millimeter movie film was exposed in an ef-
fort to obtain a permanent record of activities
viewed by the underwater TV camera. In ad-
dition, a limited footage was taken of the elec-
trical equipment in use.
The species of fish observed included:
haddock, cod, halibut, wolffish, dogfish, skate,
flounder and sole, and a number of other un-
identified fish. The unidentified fish were
thought to include either herring or blue-
backs and whiting or hake. The film records
were made mostly on dogfish, small haddock,
and flounder and sole.
Areas (1) in Cape Cod Bay, (2) off of Nau-
sett Beach, (3) at the Southeast Part of Georges
44
Bank, (4) at the Bight of Clarks on Georges,
(5) on Stellwagen Bank, and (6) in Ipswich
Bay, were utilized during the cruise insearch
of unclouded water. Depths ranging from 6
to 32 fathoms were fished in the effort tofind
fish, good bottom, sufficient light and clear
water, all of which were required for making
good films.
Artificial illumination was used at times
with little if any effect on the fish; neither a
scare effect nor an appreciable attraction to
the light was apparent.
The maximum limits of visibility encoun-
tered during the cruise were about 20 feet
Legend:
e Fishing stations.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
near the surface and 12 to 14 feet at the
bottom in front of the net being towed.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 30;
June 1964 p. 20; January 1964 p. 21.
North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations
SUMMER DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
OF GROUNDFISH SPECIES STUDIED:
M/V. atross IV Cruise 64-10 (Part I
July 27-August 11; Part II August 6-22, 1964):
To determine the summer distribution and
relative abundance of groundfish species from
(Up
Fig. 1 - Shows fishing stations worked during Albatross IV Cruise 64-10, July 27-August 22, 1964.
November 1964
Legend:
e@ Fishing stations,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
45
HADDOCK
Fig. 2 - Shows amount of haddock taken per tow during Albatross IV Cruise 64-10, July 27-August 22, 1964.
the Bay of Fundy southward to Hudson Canyon
was the purpose of this survey by the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research
vessel Albatross IV.
A total of 180 groundfish survey stations
were made on this cruise. All fish were
identified and measured, and the total weight
by species was obtained from each tow.
Stomach contents of 1,781 fish were examined
and recorded from 41 species caught through-
out the study area. Scale samples were taken
from 1,262 haddock and 539 yellowtail floun-
ders. Otoliths were extracted from 380
whiting (silver hake) and 179 butterfish. Al-
so, a sample of sea herring was collected and
frozen for the Bureau's Biological Laboratory
at Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Samples of red
and white hake were frozen for further stud-
ies on the life history of those species.
Large quantities of small haddock between
15-30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches) long were
caught on Georges Bank in depths between 30
to 50 fathoms. Those were one-plus year old
fish originally reported after the 1963 sum-
mer and fall groundfish survey Albatross IV
(Cruise 63-5). Catches of this year's (1964)
year-class of haddock were low. They were
absent from some areas where they were a-
46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
bundant the previous summer. This may be due
to either relatively poor recruitment or simply
indicate that the small haddock were not avail-
able as yet to the type gearused. No forecastof
the strengthof this year-class can be made un-
til the completion of the fall survey.
Whiting were found abundant along the
western side of Georges Bank and along the
Maine coast.
The Albatross IV has proven to be an un-
usually stable research platform. For the
first time, the catch was weighed on a spe-
ciesbasis. Abeam balance was used through-
out with complete success.
The total weight of allfish and squid caught
on this cruise amounted to 49,000 pounds. Had-
dock (all sizes combined) totaled 21,100 pounds
and was distributed as shown in figure 2 (43 per-
cent of the total catch), while 3,500 pounds of
cod and 3,200 pounds of spiny dogfish were
caught. The balance was divided among 46 oth-
er species.
Observations Noted During Cruise 64-10:
Some interesting observations were made dur -
ing the North Atlantic fishery survey Cruise
64-10by the research vessel Albatross IV.
Cod and haddock spawn in late winter and
early spring. This past August a female
haddock was caught off Nova Scotia that ap-
peared ready to spawn. A male cod taken
off Massachusetts was fully ripe and running.
While off Nova Scotia the Albatross IV com-
municated with the Lurcher Shoal Lightship
personnel and they mentioned that this was
an unusually cold year and that August in
particular was very cold. A 64-pound halibut
was found to have eaten a large (over 2 feet
long) dogfish. Halibut are voracious feeders,
frequently eating big lobsters and large
crabs, but the dogfish was a surprise. As
anticipated, yearling haddock were unusually
abundant. The incoming year-class of had-
dock was not in evidence during August and
any prediction of its strength can not be
made until completion of the fall survey
cruise. Young haddock are not necessarily
on the bottom in August.
Surveying marine fish abundance with the
otter trawl is as yet the only feasible tech-
nique. The Bureau's Woods Hole Biological
Laboratory is continually investigating other
techniques in an effort both to increase sur-
vey efficiency and to improve the quality of
Vol. 26, No. 11
data collected. Growing out of the experience
gained in using television, a towable still
camera was being tested. The camera may
be towed through the water at high speed at
scheduled depths and takes pictures at pre-
determined intervals. The camera mechanism
and strob light are automatically controlled.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 37.
WK OK OK OK OK
CONTINENTAL SHELF
WATERS SURVEYED:
M/vV “Albatross IV" Cruise 64-11 (August
31-September 13, 1964): To conduct an en-
vironmental survey of Continental Shelf wa-
ters in the area bounded by longitudes 64° W.
and 72° W. was the objective of this cruise
by the research vessel Albatross IV.
During the cruise a total of 74 hydrographic
stations were occupied throughout the area.
Water samples were obtained at depths of 1,
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300,500,
750, and 1,000 meters to determine temper-
ature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chloro-
phyll. In addition, 24 hydrographic stations
were occupied at 2-hour intervals at a moored
buoy in the South Channel area to determine
the temporal fluctuations of those properties,
and of zooplankton biomass due to tidal oscil-
lations and internal waves.
North Pacific Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
SURVEY OF DEEP-WATER
MARINE FAUNA OFF MOUTH
OF COLUMBIA RIVER CONTINUED:
M/v “Commando™ Cruise 11 (August 31-
September 17, 1964): The objectives of this
cruise on a predetermined trackline south-
westof the Columbia River were to: (1) com-
pare the sampling efficiency for demersal fau-
na of a 70-foot semiballoon shrimp trawl and
a 400-mesh eastern otter trawl, (2) collect
faunal samples for the U. S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory
at Seattle, Wash., and for radiological anal-
ysis by the Laboratory of Radiation Biology,
University of Washington, and (3) take cores
of the substrate for heteroptrophic marine
bacteria studies.
This cruise by the exploratory fishing ves-
sel Commando was the 15th in a series con-
November 1964
ducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries in cooperation with the Atomic
Energy Commission (AEC).
The 70-foot semiballoon shrimp trawlwas
fished with V-type doors weighing about 850
pounds each on a Single warp using 25-fathom
bridles. Four 8-inch aluminum trawl floats
were attached to the headrope. The 400-
mesh eastern trawl was fished using double
warps with 50-fathom dandylines and the 850-
pound V-type doors. The headrope was
buoyed with eleven 8-inch aluminum trawl
floats, and a 13-inch mesh liner was placed
in the cod end.
Fishing was conducted in 50 and 100 fath-
oms in accordance with a randomized sam-
pling design. A total of 8 half-hour tows was
made with each gear in each of the two depths
making a grand total of 32 drags throughout
the experiment. Five additional drags were
made at the 50- and 400-fathom stations with
the shrimp trawl to obtain samples for radi-
ological analysis.
Marked differences were found in the fish
and shrimp-catching abilities of the two dif-
ferent types of gear. Although the effective
width opening of the shrimp trawl is less
than that of the 400-mesh trawl, the shrimp
trawl caught 10 to 15 times more shrimp.
Conversely, the 400-mesh trawl caught fish
at a rate 10 to 15 times greater than that of
the shrimp trawl. The species and size com-
position of the catches also differed between
gear.
Hake, immature sablefish (black cod), and
pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) dominated
the catches in 50 fathoms while rockfish
(Sebastodes sp.), Dover sole, and rex sole
were the most common forms in 100 fath-
oms. Eight tagged Dover sole (5 in 50 fath-
oms and 3 in 100 fathoms), which had been
tagged and released on the trackline by per-
sonnel of the Oregon Fish Commission on
previous cooperative Bureau-AEC cruises,
were recovered.
Samples of fish and invertebrates were
collected and frozen for the Laboratory of
Radiation Biology of the University of Wash-
ington. Additional samples were collected
for the Bureau's Technological Laboratory
in Seattle.
A total of 10 cores was taken at 50, 300,
and 850 fathoms for heterotrophic marine
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
47
bacteria studies by personnel from the College
of Fisheries, University of Washington.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 25; Jan-
uary 1964 p, 23.
KC OK OK OK
EXPERIMENTAL FISHING WITH
"COBB" PELAGIC TRAWL:
M/V “St. Michae ruise May-July
1964): The objectives of this 12-week cruise
by the vessel St. Michael, chartered and op-
erated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries as an exploratory fishing vessel,
were to: (1) evaluate the commercial poten-
tial of the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl on knowncon-
centrations of midwater fish and (2) test
heavy-duty electrical towing cable and depth-
temperature recording instruments.
The vessel St. Michael, a 72-foot trawler,
carries a crew of 4, is powered with a 353
hp. Diesel engine and mounts a trawl-net reel.
The reel facilitates setting and retrieving the
net, especially in high winds and rough seas.
On this experimental cruise, large con-
centrations of hake were found off the Wash-
VANCOUVER
Shows area of operations during St, Michael Crise 2.
.
48
ington coast between Destruction Island and
the Umatilla light-ship. Hake schools, as
defined by a high sensitivity white-line echo-
sounder, were located from the bottom up to
20 fathoms above the bottom.
Following initial good catches of hake off
Washington, the net was fished on commer-
cial fishing grounds in Queen Charlotte Sound
off British Columbia, in an attempt to produce
large quantities of Pacific ocean perch.
Ocean perch catches, however, did not ex-
ceed 6,000 pounds an hour. One two-week
period was devoted to operations during hours
of darkness. Extensive soundings were taken
during that period without locating off-bottom
fish schools. Poor weather hampered each
phase of the cruise and reduced time avail-
able for night fishing.
In the later part of the cruise, testing of
the gear on known hake concentrations was
resumed off Washington where numerous
large hake catches were made. The largest
Single catch was 50,000 pounds in 90 minutes;
the highest catch rate was 30,000 pounds
taken in 30 minutes of fishing time. Catches
in excess of 15,000 pounds in 30 minutes were
common.
A total of 56 drags was made using the
following three modifications of the ''Cobb"
pelagic trawl: (1) constructed entirely of
conventional 3'' nylon web, (2) constructed of
conventional 3'' nylon web with 6'' mesh in
the wings, and (3) constructed entirely of 3"
monofilament nylon web. Each net was sim-
ilarly rigged with 41 eight-inch Phillips trawl
floats equally spaced along the head rope.
Lead lines consisted of two 5-fathom sec-
tions of 2"' chains, attached to the wind sec-
tions of fhe footrope. Cable scope to net
depth ratio was about 3.5 to 1, decreasing as
depth increased.
The electrical trawl cables functioned
well during the cruise. Several mechanical
failures occurred in the telemetering com-
ponents but were satisfactorily corrected.
Telemeter malfunctions usually resulted in
poor catches due to an inability to properly
position the net at depths where fish were
concentrated. Sensing units were located at
each trawl door except for a short period
when one was placed on the footrope. From
differential readings between the two units
it was determined that the footrope was posi-
tioned about two fathoms deeper than the
doors. Also, the net appeared to bank much
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
like an airplane when the vessel turned. Un-
derwater observations made of the nets prior
to the cruise indicated the net opening to be
about 60 feet square.
Overall results of the cruise were encour-
aging and all major components operated as
designed. Minor additional changes should
make the gear suitable for commercial fish-
ing.
Oceanography
LARVAL SPECIMENS OF TUNA,
SWORDFISH, AND MARLIN COLLECTED
IN THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC:
The collection of larval forms of large
pelagic fish was a primary objective of a 21-
day cruise (July 24-August 14, 1964) to Ber-
muda, the Sargasso Sea, and the northeastern
Bahamas by the research vessel John Elliott
Pillsbury (owned and operated by the Institute
of Marine Science, University of Miami). The
cruise was sponsored by the National Science
Foundation.
Hundreds of larval tuna were taken during
the cruise to form one of the most extensive
collections of young tuna ever assembled.
Other larval specimens taken included white
marlin and blue marlin about inch in length,
broadbill swordfish as small as ¥-inch in
length, and many dolphin, barracuda, and
gaint ocean sunfish. The tiny marine speci-
mens will help scientists trace the life his-
= \
e e ra
ia ess Me
bya i
SRA es
RA : : =,
iv wee a
BF
ble als | )
sete
nen sc >
ar
Fig. 1 - Research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury departs on an ocean~
Ographic cruise to the Tropical Atlantic.
November 1964
‘ecm |
‘Fig. 2 - Working deck of the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury.
tories, migration patterns, and spawning lo-
cations of large pelagic fish.
Plankton collections during the cruise in-
dicate that the major spawning grounds of
marlin are located southwest of Bermuda
and in the northeast and northwest Bahamas,
according to the scientist who directed sam-
pling work aboard the Pillsbury.
In addition to the collection of larval fish,
general sampling was carried out with mid-
water trawls, bottom trawls, and bottom
dredges from depths of 3,000 to 6,000 feet.
Wire cable up to four miles in length was re-
quired on some of the deep-water hauls.
Night-light fishing techniques were used to
capture lanternfish, dolphin, flyingfish, squid,
octopus, and other marine animals.
One interesting catch was a perfectly
formed sailfish only 13 inches long taken in
a midwater trawl, and it came aboard alive
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49
Fig. 3 - Putting over a high-speed plankton sampler which can be
towed at 8 knots, thereby capturing fast-swimming organisms that
avoid regular plankton nets (which are towed at slower speed).
and in good condition. Placed immediately
in one of the aquaria maintained on the ves-
sel for photography of live specimens, the
little fish swam about vigorously for more
than an hour with its miniature sail helderect.
Color motion pictures were made of the
swimming sailfish for behavior studies.
Many deep-water specimens were captured
alive and photographed, including the unusual
Argonaut, the octopod that lives in a paper
nautilus shell. While being photographed in
an aquarium, one Argonaut gave birth to
hundreds of microscopic baby Argonauts,
complete with pearly, transparent shells less
than a millimeter in diameter.
Another unusual catch during the cruise
was a deep-water anglerfish which came up
alive with its fragile ''fishing lure" intact.
Before it died, movies were made of the
strange fish swimming in an aquarium.
The Pillsbury left Miami on July 24, 1964,
and began its scientific collecting on the east-
.
50
seer Ses eerie SPN ae
LOE Oe at are
Fig. 4 - Shows an unusual specimen (a Gonostomatid) collected
by the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury. This deep-water
fish, only a few inches in length, was captured at a depth of
about 4,000 feet. Note the light organs along the underside
of the fish.
ern edge of the Gulf Stream near Grand Ba-
hamalIsland. Thenthe vessel worked its way
north to a point off Charleston, S.C., where
she swung east to Bermuda. After two days
of inshore and coral reef collecting at Ber-
muda, the vessel proceeded northeast to a
large seamount. Activities were curtailed,
however, by gale winds so the Pillsbury moved |
south to calmer waters. After working off
Abaco and around the northern edge of the
Little Bahama Bank, the research vessel re-
turned to Miami, Fla., on August 14, 1964.
The Pillsbury left Miami again on August
20, 1964, for an oceanographic cruise to the
Caribbean. (Institute of Marine Science,
University of Miami, August 19, 1964.)
Sled teu sie) oie oie
EXCHANGE VISITS BY UNITED STATES
AND SOVIET OCEANOGRAPHERS:
ix United States oceanographers began
a 4-week tour of the Soviet Union on Septem-
ber 14, 1964, as part of an exchange program
that will bring a similar delegation of Soviet
oceanographers to the United States. This
will be the first exchange of oceanographers
between the two countries.
The schedule of the United States group
called for them to visit 13 Soviet oceano-
graphic installations as well as the Soviet
oceanographic vessel Mikhial Lomonosov.
Individual visits to an oceanographic sub-
marine, a geochemistry institution, and the
Soviet Naval Hydrographic Office were also
planned. The tour will take the United States
oceanographic delegation to Moscow, Yalta,
Gelendzhik, Sevastopol, Leningrad, and Mur-
mansk.
The exchange visits by United States and
Soviet oceanographers are sponsored by the
Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S. Department
of Commerce.
se ste se
ste) oie sic) sie) ote
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
SMALL PORTABLE MARINE WORK
PLATFORM WITH DERRICK:
A small marine work platform known as
the 'Hydro-Cat" has been developed by a firm
in California. According to its designers, the
18-foot craft with a 103-foot beam is intended
to serve as a Stable work platform specifical-
ly for use by oceanographers and limnologists.
Figs. 2 - Shows completed Hydro-Cat in the water.
Its features include a center-located demount-
able derrick and instrument hatch for con-
venient lowering of instruments; ballast tanks
for rough-weather work; and forepeak and
afterpeak collision bulkheads. It can be pow-
ered by any outboard motor from 25 to 100
horsepower. The ''Hydro-Cat" can be quickly
broken down to two hulls and a center section
to facilitate transport.
November 1964
Oregon
METOLIUS SALMON HATCHERY
CLOSES AND EXPERIMENTAL
HATCHERY STATION OPENS:
The closure on July 31, 1964, of the Meto-
lius River Salmon Hatchery above Pelton
Dam was announced by the Oregon Fish Com-
mission in early August 1964. At the same
time the Commission announced plans to
open a test hatchery unit below Pelton Dam
by September 15, 1964.
The Metolius hatchery, located on Spring
Creek (a Metolius tributary) some 30 miles
above the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex,
was established in 1947. Its purpose was to
compensate partially for losses of spawning
and rearing areas on the Columbia Riverand
tributaries as a result of dam construction.
Factors leading to the closure of the Me-
tolius hatchery were the station's limited
facilities, difficulties in passing both up-
stream and downstream migrant salmonover
the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex, and
low water temperatures in the area, all of
which contributed to the relatively high cost
of the fish reared to release size at the
hatchery. During earlier phases of the Me-
tolius operation, both sockeye and spring
chinook salmon were handled at the station
but in later seasons efforts were concentrat-
ed on spring chinook.
The closure of the Metolius station, how-
ever, does not mean the end of hatchery op-
erations in the area. Plans call for an in-
vestigation of the potential for artificial
propagation of spring chinook, steelhead, and
possible other species at the site of the new
test hatchery unit immediately below the re-
regulating dam at Pelton. The new experi-
mental operation will consist of hatching
spring chinook and steelhead eggs from fish
taken either from the Deschutes or from the
Willamette River system, and rearing the
resultant fingerlings for a full year.
Water to operate the test facility will be
taken from the forebay of the re-regulating
dam, which offers water suitable in quality
and temperature for fish cultural purposes.
Water temperatures at the dam range be-
tween 40°-60° F. The river flow below the
re-regulating dam averages some 3,000 cubic
feet per second, which is far above the pilot
station's requirements and would be more
than adequate for a hatchery with a capacity
of 13 million yearling salmon.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51
The cost of the small pilot station is re-
ported to be about $10,000 for construction
plus an additional $10,000 for equipment and
operating expenses during the first year. Ex-
pansion of the experimental project to a full-
scale production facility, if such course ap-
pears feasible, will be much more expensive.
A station with a rearing capacity of a million
yearling chinook, for example, could be ex-
pected to cost $350,000 or more. About half
of the money needed for the pilot station is
being provided by the electric company which
owns the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex.
The Oregon Fish Commission described the
closing ofthe Metolius station and establish-
ment of the pilot hatchery below Pelton Dam as
an effort to modernize or replace outmoded fa-
cilities. It was pointed out that the Oregon
spring chinook hatchery program in the Willa-
mette River system has been highly success-
ful during recent years giving rise to consid-
erable optimism that a successful spring chin-
ook program could be developed on the Des-
chutes River below the dams.
Oysters
LIGHT STRIKE IN JAMES RIVER
SEED BEDS IN 1964:
A light set of oysters in the James River
seed area occurred during the first twoweeks
of September 1964, according to scientists at
the Virginia Institute of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point, Va. The head of oyster re-
search at the Institute reported that after in-
tensive surveys it is now known that a "light"
strike began during the last four days of Au-
gust and continued with decreasing intensity
through September 8.
The Institute scientist said, ''The distri-
bution of spatfall this summer was most pe-
culiar. Strings of test shells indicated that
spatfall was heaviest on upriver inshore areas.
This suggests that the oyster larvae originated
from oysters in the seed area rather than
from downriver oysters. It is my belief that
in normal years most larvae originating in
shallow inshore waters are carried down-
stream and lost."
A check of natural cultch (shell) collected
from seed beds in the upper James River was
made on September 11. Microscopic exam-
inations of those shells revealed that some
spat had collected on all beds from Wreck
Shoal to Deep Water Shoal on both sides of the
52
river, substantiating the observations on test
shells put out by the Institute. The scientist
emphasized that spat observed on September
11 were very small. Most of those found
were about 4th of an inch across and would
require a good magnifying glass to be seen
readily. He noted that such small spat usually
Survive very well in the upper river.
Although the 1964 spatfall appears to be
quite light in comparison with long-term rec-
ords from the James River, it will probably
be an improvement over the past three years.
The upriver location of this spatfall is par-
ticularly beneficial because of complete fail-
ure there in recent years.
The Institute's oyster research scientist
pointed out that quality of cultch often influ-
ences the intensity of setting and survival.
"We always use clean shells for our weekly
test strings in the river," he noted, ''But
natural cultch varies greatly in quality. The
cultch in the upper seed beds this year is
fouled with a coat of 'moss animals,' where-
as the shells in the middle river beds are
cleaner except for some sea squirts. Un-
fortunately, most of the inshore beds lack
cultch and what little is there is badly fouled
with sea squirts. The number of spat sur-
viving will be influenced by those factors."
State shell plantings of 1963/64 in the
middle of the seed area are reasonably clean
of fouling organisms, but are located some-
what downriver from the best of the 1964
spatfall. The location of the State shell
plantings was based upon setting records
from past years which indicate that normally
the best set occurs on the downriver and
channelward seed rocks.
From records accumulated over the past
20 years, the scientist indicated that the
normal setting season continues until the
first of October, but oysters were now spawn-
ed out and it was unlikely that much more
setting would occur this year. Whensummer
temperatures prevail, free-swimming larvae
require a period of 10 to 12 days before set-
ting. The Institute scientist feels that the ef-
fect of tropical storms with their high tides
is probably harmful to broods of oyster larvae
since they are likely to be carried out of the
river.
The Director of the Virginia Institute of
Marine Science pointed out that this latest
information on oyster setting is a direct re-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
sult of the increased attention being given to
James estuary under the Institute's Operation
James River which is a study of the physical
and biological characteristics of the system.
He further said that more careful studies of
the setting of oysters and other important
larvae are being planned for the 1965 field
season.
DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE-
RESISTANT OYSTER STRAINS:
Studies on the development of disease-re-
sistant strains of oysters were recently started
at Rutgers University in New Jersey; the Vir-
ginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester
Point, Va; Natural Resources Institute of the
University of Maryland, Solomons, Md.; Uni-
versity of Delaware Marine Laboratory,
Newark, Del. The studies are part of the
program under Public Law 87-580 and are
being conducted with funds administered by
the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to
determine the resistance of various oyster
stocks to MSX mortality.
The Bureau's Milford (Conn.) Biological
Laboratory is cooperating in this program by
(1) supplying conditioned oyster spawners of
Long Island Sound origin; (2) conditioning
Chesapeake Bay oysters for comparative
studies and spawning; and (3) rearing larvae
of presumed resistant stocks for testing of
juvenile oysters to MSX exposure at various
mid-Atlantic locations. This also involves
sending starter cultures of a number of spe-
cies of algae to both State laboratories topro-
vide food for the larval and juvenile oysters.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 36.
‘Pesticides
STRINGENT RULES ORDERED IN USE OF
PESTICIDES ON LANDS ADMINISTERED
BY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR:
é issuance of stringent rules regarding
use of pesticides on the more than 550 mil-
lion acres of public lands administered by the
Department of the Interior was announced by
Secretary Stewart L. Udall, September 4,
1964. The rules were developed after an
earlier secretarial directive that the Depart-
ment's standards should set an example for
all others to follow. The new guidelines,
which apply to all Interior programs for the
November 1964
control of pest plants and animals, were de-
veloped by Frank P. Briggs, Assistant Sec-
retary for Fish and Wildlife.
The order directs that first priority be
given to nonchemical methods in pest con-
trol. When chemicals are deemed necessary,
safety will be the main consideration. Sec-
retary Udall said, ''Prior to the use of pes-
ticides, there must be a determination of
anticipated results and possible harmful ef-
fects. Only chemicals registered for use on
a particular pest may be employed, and in-
structions for use must be carefully followed.
It is of the utmost importance that the pro-
posed controls be limited to the target area
to avoid contaminating lakes, streams, fish
and wildlife, or adversely affecting other in-
terests in the community."
Secretary Udall directed Interior agencies
to inform state and local authorities, if their
interests are involved, when proposed In-
terior pest-control activities are to be con-
ducted. He directed that state and local laws
be complied with in such programs.
The guidelines require the use of the most
selective chemicals available, minimum
dosages with the safest carriers, and applica-
tion under conditions that leave no reasonable
doubt that harmful effects will be minimized.
Interior agencies were told to avoid using
compounds which are known to concentrate
in living organisms, such as DDT, chlordane,
dieldrin, and endrin.
Secretary Udall warned that even some of
the comparatively safe pesticides, such as
malathion, pose hazards to some sensitive
species of fish, food organisms, and bene-
ficial insects. He said particular care must
be taken to avoid injury to pollenizing in-
sects. He said that while the acute toxic ef-
fects of most herbicides are minimal for
birds and mammals, the chronic effects are
largely unknown. And he noted that some
herbicides are highly toxic to fish food or-
ganisms. The order requires that advice be
obtained from fish and game and health of-
ficials before there is any extensive field
use of herbicides in close proximity to wa-
ter areas.
Secretary Udall said that results of chem-
ical pest-control programs carried out by
Interior agencies must be appraised by spe-
cialists to assure minimum adverse side ef-
fects. He thus assigned to the Geological
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
53
Survey the responsibility of surveillance and
study of pesticide effects on water resources of
the Department's areas. The Bureauof Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife will appraise the effects
on fish and wildlife and their food organisms.
Secretary Udall further ordered that all chem-
ical pest-control programs plannedby Interior
agencies be first reviewed by the Geological Sur-
vey, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and
the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. The
proposed programs then willbe forwarded to the
Federal Committee on Pest Control, made up of
representatives of the Departments of Interior,
Agriculture, Defense, and Health, Education,
and Welfare. The Federal Committee reviews
all chemical control programs that are finan-
ced wholly or in part with Federal funds, or are
directedor supervisedby a Federal agency.
Interior's representatives on the Committee
are Robert M. Paul, Deputy Assistant Secre-
tary for Fish and Wildlife, and Lansing A. Par-
ker, Associate Director, Bureauof Sport Fish-
eries and Wildiife.
Secretary Udall said Interior agencies not
directly engaged in chemical pest-control
programs are required to observe and report
any significant contamination of residual ac-
cumulations caused by pesticides which may
affect the Department's interests.
Preservation
SHELF LIFE OF FROZEN FISH STUDIED:
Freezing iS one of the most important
commercial methods of preserving fishery
products. Since it is known that freezing does
not improve the quality of any fishery product
above its original quality, the recommendation
is always made that only initially high-quality
fish should be frozen. Recommendations con-
cerning subsequent frozen storage are more
difficult to make, since there is a general
lack of information on the combined effects
of time of storage in ice prior to freezing and
the effects of different constant freezer tem-
peratures upon the frozen storage life of fish-
ery products. The Gloucester (Mass.) Tech-
nological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, has undertaken a project
in which the effects of those variables are be-
ing studied.
The first fish species studied was pollock--
afish generally in plentiful supply. Eviscer-
ated pollock, stored in ice at the Bureau's
.
54
laboratory, was filleted on the lst, 3rd, 6th,
9th, 13th, and 16th day of ice storage. They
were then packaged in commercial type one-
pound fillet cartons and in 133-pound blocks
and were frozen ina plate freezer. Frozen
one-pound fillet packages were stored at
+20°, +10°, 0°, -10° and -30° F., and the
blocks at 0° F.
Those products were being tested for ac-
ceptance this past summer by organoleptical-
ly evaluating them along with freshly frozen
controls. The one-pound fillets were tested
as a steam-cooked product and the blocks as
fried portions. Preliminary results showed
average Storage life of +10° and +20° F.
stored pollock fillets to be 8 and 4 weeks,
respectively. Fillets stored at 0° F. reached
a stage of borderline acceptance in 15 to 17
weeks! storage. The maincauses of quality
loss in those products have been discolora-
tion and rancidity. Fried portions made
from blocks held in storage up to 22 weeks
were found to be acceptable.
Radiation Preservation
ACCEPTANCE TESTS CONDUCTED
FOR PETRALE SOLE FILLETS:
Large-scale acceptance tests on radia-
tion-pasteurized petrale sole fillets at Fort
Lee, Va., were conducted on September 18
and 25, 1964, by the Seattle Technological
Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries. On both of those days, 300
servings of fish fillets irradiated at 0.3 me-
garad and 300 servings of unirradiated (con-
trol) fillets were judged for acceptability
LEAD SHIELDING
> DN taboahibity
Sketch of irradiator pilot plant in Gloucester, Mass., adjacent to
the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Labor-
atory. The irradiator is a $600, 000 Atomic Energy Commission
facility to show how the shelf life of fresh marine products may
be extended.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
using the 9-point hedonic scale. That rating
scale reflects varying degrees of "likes" and
"dislikes'': 9 for "like extremely well" to 1
for "dislike extremely.'' The test samples
were included as part of a regular meal to
Army volunteers at Fort Lee. At the time of
the tests, the irradiated fish fillet samples
had been stored at about 33° F. for 3 and 4
weeks.
Prior to the scheduling of the tests, petrale
sole fillets were obtained from three differ-
ent commercial fish-filleting plants, vaccuum-
packed in No. 10 cans, and irradiated at 0.3
megarad. Those samples were frozen and
shipped to the U.S. Army Research Labora-
tories at Natick, Mass., for toxicity tests and
to obtain clearance for the Fort Lee tests.
Similar preference tests had been pre-
viously conducted at the Seattle laboratory on
irradiated petrale sole fillets. The irradiated
Samples received preference scores that were
generally in the same range as those given to
the unirradiated samples.
He ok ok ok Ok
IRRADIATION OF FISH AT SEA PLANNED:
The construction by the Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC) of a portable cobalt-60
research irradiator which can be used aboard
fishing vessels was near completion this past
September. This 14-ton irradiator charged
with 25,000 curies of cobalt 60 will be capable
of processing about 100 pounds of fish anhour
at a level of 150,000 rads. Much of the quality
loss in fishery products occurs after the fish
are caught and before they are landed at the
dock. Irradiation at sea will improve the
general quality of landed fish whether it is to
be sold fresh, frozen, or reirradiated for
even further fresh shelf-life extension. Inan
effort to carry out research in this area, AEC
is planning to make this irradiator available
to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
for use aboard its exploratory fishing vessel
Delaware, which operates out of Gloucester,
Mass. When the irradiator is installed a-
board the vessel, research will be carried
out at sea to provide a basis for evaluating
the potential of irradiation at sea.
Notes: Rad = The quantity of ionizing radiation which results in
the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material at the
point of interest.
Erg = Unit of energy.
See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 35; Septem-
ber 1963 p. 33.
November 1964
Shrimp
UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY
INDICATORS, SEPTEMBER 1964:
Item and Period
+ « «(1,000 Lbs. Heads-Off). . .
November
October
September
August
| January-July | 53,269] 55,675] 44,441] 41,530] 58,521 |
January-December ~ _ [138,254/105,839] 91,395]141,035
Quantity canned, Gulf States 1/:
November als
October
September
August
January-Jul 8,496 11,089) 7,756] 14,836
frteuasy-Decereben] + | 28-408] 28.222) 14.600] 26,204
November 30 - 42,142) 27,500| 20,668] 37,264
October 31 = 37,418] 21,315) 17,811] 31,209
September 30 = 27,356} 12,843] 13,361] 24,492
August 31 21,952) 24,803] 12,754] 12,728] 20,171
July 31 24,315] 25,460] 13,677] 14,849] 17,397
June 30 25,546} 24,047] 13,796] 19,416] 15,338
May 31 28,082] 24,053] 13,904] 24,696] 17,540
Imports 3/:
November 13,516
October 14,211
September 8,190
August 6,407
| January-July | 82,330] 81,487] 72,065] 63,803| 58,684
[anuary-December{ = _|151,590]41,103]126,200)113,418
-(¢/1b., 26-30 Count, Heads-Off).
Ex-vessel price, all species, So. Atl. and Gulf Ports:
November 52.3 84.5 73.5 54.0
October - 53.3 90.0 68.7 53.0
September 4/60-70 57.9 90.9 70.1 52.2
August 4/60-73 | 59.0 83.6 66.1 52.0
July 4/62-72 | 63.5 82.1 55.8 54.6
June ~ 66.0 77.0 84.4 53.7 64.1
May 61.1 80.9 83.7 52.8 62.9
April 60.0 83.6 82.2 55.4 60.6
Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-lb. pkg.), Chicago, I1l.:
November = 71-78 | 105-110]89-92| 69-73
October = 67-75 | 108-115 |83-90] 69-73
September 79-83 | 73-77 | 113-118/|87-90] 65-70
August 78-84 | 75-81 |110-112/76-91| 64-67
July 80-85 | 77-97 > 70-75] 72-77
June 80-85 | 95-102] 102-104|67-72] 76-77
May 72-83 {100-103} 96-103|67-69] 74-77
April 72-74 {100-105} 94-97 |69-70} 74-75
Sa of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by
2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc.
3/lncludes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu-
reau of the Census.
4/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville,
‘ex., only.
Note: September 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information
published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to
heads-on weight multiply by 1.68.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55
South Carolina
FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
PROGRESS, JULY-SEPTEMBER 1964:
A report on the progress of biological re-
search by the Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wad-
malaw Island, S.C., for July-September 1964,
follows:
Oyster Studies: Shortly after the begin-
ning of the quarter, additional experiments
were started on the feeding of oysters with
carbohydrates. As in the other experiments,
125 uniform size oysters were put in each of
a pair of 12 x 12-foot concrete tanks with the
water level set so that they maintained about
1,800 gallons each, Approximately 1,200 gal-
lons of new water was pumped into the tanks
each week, In the experimental tank the 125
oysters were fed at the rate of a half poundof
blackstrap mollasses to each 1,800 gallons of
water (20 mg. per liter), The fed oysters
gained weight rapidly during the first two
weeks, but for the following month their gain
in weight was very slight. Towards the last
of the experiment the control oysters suffer-
ed a high mortality. It has been suggested
that this mortality may have been caused by
Dermocystidium which, although not preva-
lent in South Carolina, is known to occur there.
During the period of the experiment the salin-
ity in the tanks ranged from 16.2 p.p.t. (parts
per thousand) to 25.3 p.p.t., and the tempera-
ture from 25,0° C, to 33,0° C, (77°to 91.4° F.),
This range of temperature is not conducive
to the best oyster growth.
Without disturbing the individual oysters,
the experiments were reversed so that the
control oysters, which had suffered the high
mortality, were fed with mollasses and the
experimental oysters were unfed, Mortality
rates declined after reversing the feeding,
In mid-August an additional experiment in
feeding, this time using cracked rice, was
initiated. The oysters fed with cracked rice
in two weeks showed a higher increase in
weight than those fed with molasses.
During July almost 30 inches of rain fell
over coastal South Carolina, This heavy rain-
fall interfered seriously with the setting of
oysters, The top foot of water in the creeks
and rivers remained almost entirely fresh
for long periods of time, excepting those areas
very near the ocean, This condition either
killed the young free-swimming oysters or
56
drove them to deeper waters of higher salin-
ity. In any event, setting was practically nil.
However, by mid-August setting again began
on clean shell which had been placed in shell
bags under the Laboratories! dock, For com-
mercial planters this record-breaking rain-
fall worked a serious hardship. Shell cultch
planted prior to the rain was badly silted by
rain and runoff roiling the water. Most oys-
termen had not completed their shell-planting
program prior to the onset of the rain. This
will undoubtedly result in a low set of oysters
and a smaller crop two years hence,
Shrimp Studies: In March 1964, based on
relative abundance of postlarval brown shrimp
in plankton tows, Bears Bluff Laboratories
predicted that the commercial shrimp harvest
in June and July 1964 would be about the same
as last year. The commercial landings of
shrimp during June and July 1964 amounted to
1,273,000 pounds. For the same period last
year the commercial shrimp catch was
1,278,000 pounds.
Postlarval white shrimp were veryscarce
in plankton tows in the inshore waters of South
Carolina this quarter, This, coupled with a
decided shortage in the number of white "roe"
shrimp in May and June gave rise to predic-
tions by Bears Bluff Laboratories that the
1964 commercial catch of white shrimp would
be poor this year. Both experimental trawling
and commercial catch statistics have borne
out the correctness of these predictions. In
the experimental trawls during this quarter
the catch per unit of effort was almost the
same as that for the same quarter of lastyear.
The commercial catch for August 1963 was
515,532 pounds; for August 1964, 488,025
pounds. Compare this with the August 1960
catch of 1,157,221!
A late run of white roe shrimp was noted
in July and August of this year, and postlarvae
resulting from the spawning of those shrimp
began to show up in September in fair num-
bers, along with postlarvae of the spotted
shrimp (Penaeus duorarum),. The recruit-
ment of those postlarvae was so late in the
year that it is unlikely they will reach com-
mercial size before the season closes in De-
cember, but if those shrimp can survive the
winter, the outlook for 1965 may be improved
considerably,
Finfish Studies: No major changes were
noted in the abundance of commercial fish dur-
ing the course of the Laboratories' survey
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
Average Catch Per Unit of Effort at Eight Regular Shrimp I
Survey Stations, July-September, 1960-1964
Brown White
Croaker Shrimp Shrimp
work. Croakers, which have become increas-
ingly plentiful in coastal waters during the
past five years, were of almost the same a-
bundance during July-September of this year
as during that period of 1963. Spot were al-
so found to be almost as plentiful during the
quarter as during 1963.
Pond Cultivation: Experiments on the
pond cultivation of shrimp continued during
this quarter. Three ponds were treated with
rotenone during July and the stocking and
feeding of shrimp in the ponds was carried on
through September. All ponds were to be
drained and harvested during October 1964,
Due to the scarcity of postlarval and juve-
nile shrimp in coastal waters this year, the
large one-acre ponds could not be stocked
adequately, and a small harvest is expected.
One of the one-acre ponds was allowed to
stock naturally by tidal flow during the early
spring and again in June and July. The re-
maining one-acre pond was allowed to stock
naturally also, but in addition was stocked by
hand with 2,309 juvenile brown shrimp during
June and July.
A small 1/10-acre pond, however, was
stocked heavily with juvenile and postlarval
shrimp. Shrimp in that pond have been fed
very heavily with chopped fish. During June-
September the equivalent of over 1,000 pounds
of food per acre was added.
Experiments on feeding and productivity
are also being carried out in 3,000 -gallon
concrete tanks which have been stocked heav-
ily with postlarval shrimp. One of those tanks
was stocked with about 500 postlarval shrimp
(the equivalent of 150,000 per acre) and those
shrimp were fed heavily during June-Septem-
ber (through September 1964 the equivalent
of over 3,000 pounds per acre of chopped fish
had been fed), The experiments should give
useful information on growth rates, effects of
feeding on mortality, and productivity.
Experiments on the artificial breeding of
shrimp were also continued during the quarter
November 1964
with white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), The
scarcity of white roe shrimp this year has
hindered those experiments greatly, and to
date no shrimp have been spawned in the re-
cently acquired circular concrete tanks set
up at the Laboratories for this purpose, Only
about 12 roe shrimp were obtained for the ex-
periments and of those only about half had well
developed roe. None of the latter, however,
were fertilized and so attempts at spawning
were futile. Roe shrimp must be plentiful in
coastal waters before any success at those
experiments can be expected. The chance of
collecting a mature shrimp which is fertilized
and in exactly the right stage of roe develop-
ment is slim unless a considerable number of
specimens are available, The experiments
will be carried on with brown shrimp, which
normally spawn during the fall and winter.
Shrimp of the genus Penaeus can withstand
marked changes in salinity, but experimental
work at Bears Bluff has indicated juvenile
shrimp grow faster at high temperatures and
high salinities. The excessive rainfall of July
considerably lowered the salinity in the ponds.
Actually, the excessive rainfall into the ponds
and the greatly lowered salinity in the small
creek from which the ponds get their water by
tidal action should have reduced pond salini-
ties to practically zero. However, construc-
tion of the ponds is such that the decline in sa-
linity was much less than would be expected.
Each of the ponds has an overflow which takes
waters from the ponds at the surface. Even
with a 43-inch rainfall in 24 hours most of the
rainwater remained on the surface of the pond
and drained out through the overflow. On July
22, when 20 inches of rain had already fallen
during the month, only the top 6 or 8 inches of
the ponds were fresh, and in the one-acre
ponds below a depth of 18 inches bottom salini-
ty remained in the 20's, Gradually, of course,
mixing does occur, but this goes on at a slow
rate and high salinities can be maintained de-
spite torrential downpours.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 33.
Tropical Atlantic
RESULTS OF FISHERY-OCEANOGRA PHIC
STUDIES IN GULF OF GUINEA:
M/V ronimo Cruise III (January 15-
May 15, 1964): Biological and oceanographic
studies in the Gulf of Guinea as part of EQUAL-
ANT III were completed in May 1964 by the
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
57
oceanographic research vessel Geronimo, op-
erated by the Washington, D. C., Biological
Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries, The completion of this cruise
ended the field phase of the International Co-
operative Investigations of the Tropical At-
lantic (ICITA),
Results of the two warm-season surveys
made by the Geronimo of the distribution of
surface schools of tuna reveal that it is likely
that the distribution of those schools is re-
lated to upwelling-maturation processes as-
sociated, at least in part, with interrelation-
ships among surface currents and coastline
configurations, Direct current measurements
and other observations made during the
EQUALANT III portion of the cruise, have
amplified the probable existence of a westerly
flowing subsurface current under the easter-
ly flowing Guinea current.
The analyses of stomach samples from
tuna collected during this cruise have been
completed, Difficulties in identifying the
cephalopod component of tuna food were rec-
onciled with the assistance of scientists of
the University of Miami.
Identification of scombrid larvae from
EQUALANT Iwas completed this past June.
Charts have been prepared showing the distribu-
tion of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, black skip-
jack, auxis, anda group of unidentified scombrid
larvae, One interesting aspect was the broad
distribution of black skipjack larvae in the pe-
lagic waters of the Gulfof Guinea. Some of the
larvae, hitherto unidentified, were tentatively
identified at the Bureau's Biological Labora-
tory, Washington, D.C., bya visiting Japanese
scientist, as big-eyed and albacore.
Tuna canneries in Puerto Rico have been
visited by a Bureau scientist to arrange for
the collection of catch data and biological sam-
ples for those tuna caught in the tropical At-
lantic and off the east coast of the United
States. Those collections are being coordi-
nated with those of the Inter-American Trop-
ical Tuna Commission.
Plans and schedules for Geronimo Cruise
IV were completed this past August by scien-
tists of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish-
eries, The program will essentially be a re-
peat of seasonal comparison of that carried
out during Cruise III,
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 24; April
1964 p. 47. ;
er?
58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
United States Fisheries
COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS,
JANUARY-AUGUST 1964:
The U. S. catch of fish and shellfish in 1964 mostly for
the first 8 months (in some instances various periods
through September 18) was down 190 million pounds as com-
United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain
Species for Periods Shown, 1964 and 1963
Total
Species Period | 1/1964 1963 1963
piedsieneretel (Ls COORDS: -tetetaliena
Cod:
Maine 7 mos. 1,700 1,433 1,960
Mass. 2/ By" 18,300 22,879 31,475
Motaluc OGumcMsesesaanienen 20,000
Flounder:
Maine 7 mos. 700 910 1,216
Mass. (37 60,700 61,249 91,876
Total flounder....... 61,400 62,159 93,092
Haddock:
Maine 7 mos. 1,700 1,378 2,878
Mass, 2/ (},020 87,000 80,255] 106,075
Total haddock ....... 88,700 81,633] 108,953
Halibut: 3/
Alaska — 8 mos. 15,600 20,571 22,372
Wash, & Oreg. fy) 8,100 10,538 ae
Total halibut 23,700 31,109| 34,243
Herring, Maine 24,100 68,148] 152,317
Industrial fish
(Me, & Mass.) 4/ 21,900 40,493 47,897
Mackerel:
Jack 5/ 39,800 45,850 98,078
Pacific 5/ 8,000 16,348 36,974
Menhaden 1,162,600 |1,323,642]1,779,500
Ocean perch:
Maine 7 mos, 30,800 38,417 63,905
Mass. tc} ey 23,200 34,388 44,387
Total ocean perch ....- 54,000 72,805| 108,292
Pollock:
Maine 7 mos. 700 1,803 2,489
Mass, 2/ Bee 6,000 5,732 10,727
Total pollock .......- 6,700 BS) 13,216
Salmon, Alaska Year 290,800 | 208,249] 209,000
Sardine, Pacific to Sept. 18 6,700 = 7,100
Scallops, sea, New
Bedford (meats) 8 mos. 9,400 11,734 15,941 |
Shrimp (heads-on):
So, Atl. & Gulf 8 mos, 107,700| 120,000} 219,900
Tuna, Calif. to Sept. 12 210,700] 196,142) 285,285
19,700 12,976 15,942
33,300 47,185) 64,571
60,161 80,513
1/Preliminary.
2/Landed weight.
3/Dressed weight.
4/Excludes menhaden,
2,189,200 | 2,370,320|3,323,736
S/Cannery receipts.
437,000 445,881|1,426,409
2,626,200 | 2,816,201)4,750,145
6/Includes landings for species not listed.
te: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell,
and mollusks reported in meats only.
Vol. 26, No. 11
pared with the same period in 1963. The decline occurred
principally in landings of menhaden (down 161 million pounds)
and Maine sea herring (down 44 million pounds), and to a less-
er extent Atlantic ocean perch, shrimp, whiting, Pacific and
jack mackerel, halibut, and salmon in Washington.
There were increases in landings of salmon in Alaska, tu-
na, haddock, and Pacific sardines, Based on the Alaska
canned pack and sales to Japanese freezerships, Alaska salm-
on landings amounted to approximately 291 million pounds--up
83 million pounds as compared with 1963. However, the in-
crease in salmon landings in Alaska was offset by a sharp de-
crease in Puget Sound landings.
U.S. Fishing Vessels
EMERGENCY MEDICAL HELP
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FISHERMEN:
Medical assistance available to fishing
vessels in the three Pacific CoastStates and
Alaska is described on cards being distrib-
uted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish-
eries. However, the same medical assist-
ance is available to all United States fishing
vessels.
U. S BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
California Area Pacific Region 1 Alaska Region 5
101 S. Seaside 6116 Arcode Bldg. P, O. Box 248)
Terminal Island Seattle, Wash. 98101 Juneau, Aloska
California
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE TO FISHING VESSELS
The U, S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare through the Public Health Service Hospitals is available to
render expert medical advice to the commercial fishing fleet in emergencies Involving serious Injury or illness to
crew members while at sea. A radio telephone call from the Master of the vessel should be placed through the
Marine Operator to the U. S. Public Health Service Hospital nearest the vessel's position. Hf difficulty Is experienced
In reaching the Marine Operator, the urgent message code word “PAN” repeated three times (PAN — PAN — PAN)
should be used to obtain priority.
U. S. Public Health Service Hospitals within radio telephone range of fishing vessels operating out of Washington,
Oregon, California, and Alaska are located at:
131 14th Avenue South, Seattle, Wash.
15th Avenve and Loke Street, San Francisco, Calif.
Telephone: EAst 58000
Telephone: SKyline 2-1400
During normal business hours, 8:00 am to 4:30 pm weekdays, address colls to the OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT.
Night, weekends, and holidays, oddress calls to the OFFICER OF THE DAY.
The caller should be thoroughly Informed of oll circumstances pertinent to the patient's injury or illness. State
ments should be confined to focts as found by examination of or related by the patient. Core should be taken
not to omit pertinent Information.
BEFORE PLACING THE CALL, OBTAIN ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND HAVE THIS INFORMA-
TION AVAILABLE IN WRITTEN FORM FOR READY REFERENCE.
|. PATIENT'S NAME AND AGE.
. STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
1
2.
3. RESPIRATION RATE AND DIFFICULTY OR PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH BREATHING.
4. PULSE RATE, STRENGTH AND REGULARITY AND TEMPERATURE OF PATIENT.
5.
5. NATURE AND SPECIFIC LOCATION OF PAIN. IS PAIN DULL, SHARP, CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT,
CONFINED TQ A SMALL AREA, OR i?
CAUSE OF INJURY (BLOW, BURN, FALL, NATURE OF WOUND, CUTS OR BRUISES).
. DETERMINE AMOUNT OF BLEEDING.
|. DESCRIBE ANY DEFORMITY OR ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING ON THE PART OF THE PATIENT.
. KNOW WHAT TREATMENT HAS BEEN GIVEN AND HOW THE PATIENT HAS RESPONDED,
). ARRANGE FOR CARE OF THE PATIENT UPON ARRIVAL AT PORT — GIVE ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL,
AND STATE WHETHER AMBULANCE SERVICE IS NEEDED.
ALWAYS STATE THE NAME AND RADIO CALL LETTERS OF YOUR VESSEL, ITS PRESENT LOCATION, AND ESTI
MATED NUMBER OF HOURS FOR ARRIVAL AT DESTINATION.
OPO passe
Card describing medical assistance available to fishing vessels dis-
tributed by certain U, S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries field
offices. Only vessels of 5 net tons or more are eligible.
November 1964
The cards--8 by 103 inches--are designed
for display on fishing vessels so they may be
referred to quickly in an emergency, The
cards provide detailed instructions for the
placing of radiotelephone calls to U.S. Public
Health Service hospitals for advice in caring
for seriously sick or injured persons at sea.
In a joint announcement, the Bureau's Re-
gional Directors at Terminal Island, Calif.,
Seattle, Wash., and Juneau, Alaska, said:
"We hope the information on the cards will
never be needed, but if it is, it is the sincere
desire of the Bureau that it will be instrumen-
tal in saving a life or aiding in the treatment
of the sick or injured. We recommend that
every fishing boat on the Pacific Coast and
Alaska have one of the cards posted in the
wheelhouse. '
The cards were distributed primarily
through fishermen's associations, unions, and
fish houses. They also may be obtained by
writing to the Bureau of Commercial Fish-
eries at one of the following offices: 101 S,
Seaside Avenue, Terminal Island, Calif.; 6116
Arcade Building, 1319 Second Avenue, Seattle,
Wash.; or P.O. Box 2481, Juneau, Alaska,
KK OK
DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED
AND CANCELLED:
July 1964: During July 1964, a total of 56
vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued
first documents as fishing craft, as compared
with 76 in July 1963, There were 41 docu-
ments cancelled for fishing vessels in July
1964, as compared with 47 in July 1963.
Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by]
Tonnage and Area, July 1964 2/
Gross Chesa-| South
Tonnage England} peake|Atlantic|Gulf| Pacific} Total
. (Number) .
WONUNWrWHO
Note: For explanation of foomote, see table 4,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59
Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
ey let Laue ti: and Area, IASC EI fale 8 Hl 1964 2/
Length iT new, Chesa Gcome ioe Leal |
in feet England| peake |Atlantic|Gulf] Pacific] Total
. (Number). .
23 - 23.9 = 1
26 - 26.9 = 1
27 - 27.9 = 2
28 - 28.9 = 1
29 - 29.9 = 1
30 - 30.9 = 3
31 - 31.9 = 1
32 - 32.9 = 1
33 - 33.9 1 4
35 - 35.9 > 1
36 - 36.9 = 2
37 - 37.9 = 1
38 - 38.9 = 3
39 - 39.9 = 4
40 - 40.9 = = 1
41 - 41.9 = = 3
42 - 42.9 - = 2
43 - 43.9 = = 1
44 - 44.9 = = 1
45 - 45.9 2 = 1
49 - 49.9 = = 4
55 - 55.9 = = = 2
58 - 58.9 = = = 1
59 - 59.9 = = 1
60 - 60.9 = = = 1
61 - 61.9 = = = 1
62 - 62.9 = = = 1
63 - 63.9 = = = 1
65 - 65.9 = 2 = 5
66 - 66.9 = = = 2
67 - 67.9 = = 4 1
68 - 68.9 = = = 1
Note: For explanation of footmote, see table 4.
Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued
and Cancelled, by Areas, July 1§ 1964 with Comparisons
Area rons eile yan it guty lip Total
(Home Port) ee 1963
. (Number) .
Issued first documents 2/:
New England
Middle Atlantic
Chesapeake
South Atlantic
Gulf
Pacific
Great Lakes
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
New England
Middle Atlantic
Chesapeake
South Atlantic
Gulf
Pacific
Great Lakes
Hawaii
pete ae nl peg real
60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
| Table 4- U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Vessel Horsepower and Area, July 19642/
New |Chesa-| South
England] peake |Atlantic|Gulf|Pacific| Total
. (Number) . 0
= - - - 1 1
= = - 1 - 1
- - - 1 - 1
- 2 = = 2 2
= - - = 1 1
= - = 1 2 3
1 - = = = 1
= = - 1 2 3
1 - 1 4 3 9
- - - 2 3 5
- - - - 2 2
- 1 - 1 - 2
= - = 1 = 1
2 - 2 5 1 10
: - 1 1
= = 1
: - 1
- - 7
- - 3
1 - 1
sf
i1flncludes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a
craft of 5 net tons and over.
2/Includes 2 redocumented vessels in July 1964 that were previously removed
from the records. Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built:
43 in 1964; 1 in 1963; 1 in 1962; 1 in 1960; and 10 prior to 1959.
Souce: mthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau
of Customs, U.S, Treasury Department,
ES SS
June 1964: During June 1964, a total of 72
vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first
Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued
and Cancelled, by Areas, June 1964 with Comparisons
Total
1964 [1963 1964 ]1963 | 1963
Area
(Home Port)
ray
Issued first documents 2/:
New England 7
Middle Atlantic
Chesapeake
South Atlantic
Gulf
Pacific
Great Lakes
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
emoved from documenta-
tion 3/:
New England
Middle Atlantic
Chesapeake
South Atlantic
Gulf
Pacific
Great Lakes
Total | ail ait yar] 220 | a6
Note: For explanation of foototes, see table 4.
Vol, 26, No. 11
documents as fishing craft, as compared with
62 in June 1963. There were 31 documents
cancelled for fishing vessels in June 1964, the
same as in June 1963.
Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Vessel Length and Area, June 1964 2/
Length New |Chesa~ South |Gulf|Pacific| Hawaii] Puerto|Total
in feet England| peake |Atlantic Rico
-(Number). 5 O
26 - 26.9 1 - - - 1 - - 2
27- 27.9] - - 1 - - - 1
28- 28.9] - - - 1 1 - - 2
29- 29.9] - - 1 1 4 - - 6 |
30 - 30.9] - - - - 1 - = 1 |
31- 31.9] - 1 - - 4 - - 5:
32 - 32.9 2 - - - 1 - - 3
33- 33.9] - - - 2 - - - 2
34- 34.9] - - - 1 - - - ih ||
35- 35.9] - 1 - - 1 - - 2 |
36 - 36.9 1 - - - 1 - - 2
37 - 37.9 2 - - 2 - - 4
38 - 38.9] - - 1 - - - 1
40 - 40.9 1 1 - - - 1 - 3
41- 41.9] - - - 1 1 - - 2a
42- 42.9] - - - 1 - - 1
43- 43.9] - - - - 1 - - 1
44- 44.9] - - - 1 - - - 1
45- 45.9] - - - - 3 - - 3
46 - 46.9] - - - - 2 - - 2
48 - 48.9] - - 1 |- - - - 1
49 - 49.9 1 - - - 3 - - 4 |
51- 51.9] - - - 1 - - - 1
53-53.9| - - - 1 - - - 1
57- 57.9] - - - 1 - - - 1
60- 60.9] - - - 1 - - - 1
61-61.9] - - - 2 - - - 2
62- 62.9] - - - 2 - - - 2
63- 63.9] - - - 2 - - - 2
64-64.9| - - - 1 - - - 1
65-65.9| - - 2 7 - - - 9
67- 67.9] - - - 1 - - - 1
153 - 153.9 - - - - - - 1 1
Total 6 a Ee Ee
Note: For explanation of footmote, see table 4.
Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Vessel Horsepower and Area, June 1964 2/
Horse- New |Chesa-| South |Gulf|Pacific|/Hawaii|Puerto|Total
Eng-| peake|Atlantic Rico
and
60 - 1
70 - 1
80-89 = 4
97 = 1
100-109 1 - 7
110-119 = 4
130-139 = 3
140-149 = 3
160-169 = 1l
170 = 2
180 S 1
210 — 4
220-229 - 12
= 1
= 1
= 3
- 3
- 6
- 1
- 1
- 1
1
1
rome] =| «tel ] alata |
November 1964
Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Tonnage and Area, June 1964 2/
Gross New |Chesa-
Tonnage |England| peake
South [Gulf |Pacific Puerto /Total
Atlantic Rico
-(Number), ° .
iS
BPR FORMwWapoa
~
~
11/Includes both commercial! and sport fishing craft. A vessel is
defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over.
2/Includes 2 redocumented vessels in June 1964 that were previously
removed from the records. Vessels issued first documents as fish -
ing craft were built: 60 in 1964; 2 in 1963; and 10 prior to 1954,
'3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien,
etc.
urce: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United
States, Bureau of Customs, U.S. Treasury Department.
KOK OK OK Ok
FISHERIES LOAN FUND AND OTHER
FINANCIAL AID FOR VESSELS,
JULY 1-SEPTEMBER 30, 1964:
From the beginning of the program in 1956 through Septem-
ber 30, 1964, a total of 1,532 loan applications for $40,944,229
were received by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
the Agency administering the Federal Fisheries Loan Fund. Of
the total, 811 applications ($18,281,097) had been approved, 509
($12,366,919) had been declined or found ineligible, 181
($7,403,905) had been withdrawn by the applicants before be-
ing processed, and 31 ($906,669) were pending. Of the appli-
cations approved, 304 were approved for amounts less than ap-
plied for. The total reduction was $1,985,639.
The following loans were approved from July 1, 1964,
through September 30, 1964:
New England Area: Richard L, Spencer, Stonington, Maine,
$5,000, and Clinton A. Babcock, Wakefield, R. I., $10,000.
California: Giuseppe Pennisi, Pacific Grove, $25,000, and
Donald R. Brown, Santa Rosa, $9,000.
South Atlantic and Gulf Area: A, Irving Tormala, Fort
Myers, Fla., $2,805; Elton S. Olier, Brownsville, Tex.,
$25,600; and Percy L. Wilhelm, Brownsville, Tex., $22,400.
Pacific Northwest Area: Ralph I. Lund, Bainbridge Island,
Wash., $40,363; Merrill W. Henington, Poulsbo, Wash.,
$55,000; Harvey A. Harbaugh & Walter E. Linney, Seattle,
Wash., $56,249; John B. Iverson, Seattle, Wash., $28,000;
Roy E. Johnson, Seattle, Wash., $7,400; Ernest T. Mathisen,
Seattle, Wash., $20,000; and Edwin E. & Donald Reyburn,
Seattle, Wash. $6,000.
Alaska: John Goeres, Cordova, $15,000; Brechan Enterprises,
Inc., Kodiak, $68,500; Sam E. Franklin, Kodiak, $4,917; Mar-
garete von Scheele, Kodiak, $47,500; Carl A. Mills, Sitka,
$12,000; and Robert I. Ditman & George W. Hillar, Valdez,
$17, 600.
Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program
(also administered by the Bureau) during the third quarter of
1964, 5 applications for $351,637 were received and 1 applica-
tion for $35,483 was approved. Since the program began (Ju-
ly 5, 1960), 61 applications were received for $5,508,251. Of
the total, 45 applications were approved for $3,005,504 and 10
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
61
applications for $1,805,131 were pending as of September 30,
1964. Since the mortgage program began, applications re-
ceived and approved by area are:
New England Area: Received 12 ($1,314,500), approved 8
($775,365).
California Area: Received and approved 1 ($557,000).
South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 38 ($1,735,727), ap-
proved 29 ($1,110,819).
Pacific Northwest Area: Received 7 ($1,846,250), approved
4( »046),
Alaska Area: Received 3 ($54,774), approved 3 ($54,774).
The time for acceptance of applications for emergency fish-
ery disaster loans to fishermen who had fishing vessels or
gear lost or damaged in the Alaska earthquake and resulting
tidal wave was extended by the Bureau from September 30 to
October 31, 1964,
% OK Xe OK OK
NEW SMALL STERN-TRAWLER
"CANYON PRINCE":
Following trials in August 1964, the new
small stern-trawler Canyon Prince was de-
livered to its owners in Point Judith, R. I.
The 64-foot vessel was built by the same firm
in Warren, R.I., which pioneered the develop-
ment of small automated stern-trawlers with
the launching of the 83-foot varragansett in
January 1963, An automated net-handling
system is a prime feature of both vessels. A
loaded net can be hauled on board the Canyon
Prince by a single deckhand, as was demon-
strated bya 17-year old girl during the ves-
sel's trials. All hoists and winches are con-
trolled from the pilothouse which overlooks
the deck,
The Canyon Prince has a maximum hold-
ing capacity of 100,000 pounds of ice and fish,
“Fig. - 1 New small stem-trawler Canyon Prince. Note the net
drum midship.
.
62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Ha R Ce ODI ReRNA Lam
Fig. 2 - Young girl hauls in bull rope at deck capstan on Canyon
Prince, in a demonstration of automated net-handling equipment
requiring a single deckhand.
a.
CANYON j
WARREN, Kesbaed
Fig. 3 - Cod-end approaches Canyon Prince; balance of net to the
left is hauled by net drun.
Vol. 26, No. 11
WARREN, Rul,
Fig. 4 - Cod-end comes over stern chute.
Fig. 5 - Tripping cod-end closer used aboard the Canyon Prince.
Power is provided by a Diesel engine of 340
horsepower whichdrives the vessel at a speed
of 114 knots. Equipped with electronic fish-
finding and navigating equipment, the vessel
is particularly suited for trawling in marine
canyons on the edge of the Continental Shelf.
Being a western rig, it can be used for all
types of fishing.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 34; May
1962 p. 32. E Zz
November 1964
U. S. Foreign Trade
AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY
PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MAY 1964:
Airborne fishery imports into the United States in May 1964
were down 41.9 percent in quantity and 40.7 percent in value
from those in the previous month due mainly to smaller shipments
of shrimp from Venezuela.
Total airborne shrimp imports in May 1964 consisted of 304,917
pounds of fresh and frozen raw headless and 16, 101 pounds of un-
U. S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products,
January- May 1964 with Comparative Data
sea || i964
1963
Product and [May | Jan,-May | an,- Ma
Origin 2/ Qty2/ JValue4/] Qty.3/ ]Values/
US$
1,000
Fish:
Portugal =
Mexico 38.6
British Honduras 8.6
Honduras 4,0
Japan 8,2
United Kingdom a) 3,3
Iran 7.4
France 7.8 0.6
Israel 0,8 =
Venezuela Let =
Ireland 0,3 0.3
Denmark 0,4 =
Canada 4,3 =
Iceland 1.2 -
Spain 1.4 s
Shrimp:
Guatemala 62.1
El Salvador 115.0
Honduras 11.9
Nicaragua 85.0
Costa Rica 137.3
Panama 389.6
Venezuela 941.4
Ecuador 32,7
France 0.9
British Guiana >
Mexico 1.8
Spain ~
Total shrimp 321.0 ira mry
Shellfish other than shrimp:
Mexico = ~ 42.6
British Honduras = = 8 78.5
El Salvador = = e 3.6
Honduras 4.5 0.8 1 1.0
Nicaragua = = 5 49.3
Costa Rica = = 60.1
Jamaica : = 4 36.8
Netherlands Antilles = = — 20.9
Colombia = = = 15.8
Ecuador = - > 1.8
Tunisia = 3 = 0.9
British Guiana 5.9 1.6 14.5 0.3
Canada = 2 1.2 66.3
Venezuela = = > 6.0
Dominican Republic se 0.5 7.4 5.0
Bahamas = = 10,6 :
Haiti 1.1 0.5 5.1 EF
Other countries 0,2 0.3 0.4 af
Total shellfish
(excl, shrimp) 3.7 247.3) 165.4| 576.4) 391.0
Grand total 203.0 |2,950,1]1,465.5 | 4,345,8}2,239.7
1/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be United States imports and are
included, But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade
between United States possessions are not included.
2/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipments is shown.
3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture
content.
wi: ©. b. point of shipment. Does not include U.S. import duties, air freight, or insurance.
te: These data are included in the overall! import figures for total imports, i. e., these imports
are not to be added to other import data published.
Se a States Airbome General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, May 1964, U.S. Bureau
ol e Census.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63
classified shrimp. About 95 percent of the airborne shrimp ar-
rivals in May 1964 entered through the Customs District of Florida.
The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orle-
ans (La.), Galveston (Tex.), Los Angeles (Calif.), and New
York (N. Y.).
Airbome finfish imports in May 1964 consisted mainly of fish
fillets from Mexico.
Total airbome fishery imports in January-May 1964 were down
29.8 percent in quantity and 30.5 percent in value from those in
the same period of 1963. The decline was due to smaller ship-
ments of shrimp and lobsters.
The data as issued do not show the state of all products--fresh,
frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne
imports consists of fresh and frozen products.
OK OK A XK
IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA
IN BRINE UNDER QUOTA:
United States imports of tuna canned in brine
during January 1-August 29, 1964, amounted to
26,290,792 pounds (about 1,251,942 standard
cases), according
to preliminary data
compiled by the
U.S. Bureau of
Customs. This
was substantially
less (21.3 percent)
than the 33,425,128
pounds (about
1,591,673 standard cases) imported during Jan-
uary 1-August 31, 1963.
The quantity of tuna canned in brine which
can be imported into the UnitedStates during
the calendar year 1964 at the 125-percent rate
of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds (or a-
bout 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7-oz. cans).
Any imports in excess of that quota will be
dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem.
a
PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY
PRODUCTS, JULY See ae
United States imports of processed edible fishery products
in July 1964 were up 25.3 percent in quantity and 12.6 percent
in value from those in the previous month. In July there were
much larger imports of groundfish fillets and blocks (increase
mainly from Canada) and canned tuna in brine (increase mainly
from Japan).
Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in July
1964 were down 6.2 percent in quantity and 5.3 percent in val-
ue, due mainly to smaller imports of groundfish blocks and
canned tuna in brine. Imports were also down for canned crab
meat, canned oysters, and canned salmon, But imports were
up substantially for canned sardines not in oil, flounder fil-
ets, sea catfish fillets, and ocean perch fillets,
In January-July 1964, imports were up 3.4 percent in value
from those in January-July 1963, but the quantity of the im-
64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
ports was almost the same for both periods. During January-
July 1964, there was a sizable increase in imports of ground-
fish fillets and blocks (increase mainly from Canada and Ice-
land), flounder fillets, yellow pike fillets, and sea catfish fil-
lets. But there was a considerable decline in imports of
canned tuna, canned sardines not in oil, canned crab meat,
and swordfish fillets.
U. S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products,
a ee en eee | 1964 with Comparisons
Item
Say ea Stays alga ea
1964 [1963] 1964] iT 63 [1964] 1963 1964 11963
Fish & Shellfish:
“Imports J
Exports a. . .
1/Includes only those fishery products classified by the U.S. Bu-
teau of the Census as ''Manufactured foodstuffs." Included
are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only
fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving
substantial processing, i.e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fil-
lets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen
shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish
processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but
not otherwise processed).
2/Excludes fresh and frozen.
Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the
United States in July 1964 were down 15.2 percent in quantity
from those in the previous month, although the value of the
exports was the same in both months. There was a sharp
decline in exports of the lower-priced canned mackerel, and
somewhat lower shipments of canned sardines and canned
shrimp. Exports of canned salmon (principally to the United
Kingdom) showed little change from the previous month.
There was a Sharp increase in exports of canned squid due
to larger shipments to Greece.
Compared with the same month of the previous year, the
exports in July 1964 were up 55.6 percent in quantity and
40.0 percent in value. Larger shipments this July of canned
salmon and canned squid more than offset smaller shipments
of canned shrimp, canned sardines not in oil, and canned
mackerel.
Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 7 months
of 1964 were up 28.3 percent in quantity and 36.8 percent in
value from those in the same period of 1963. In January-
July 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mack-
erel. Shipments of canned salmon, canned sardines in oil,
and canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned
sardines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply.
Notes: (1) Prior to October 1963, the data shown above were included in news articles on
"U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products."' Before October 1963, data
showing "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and
crude products. At present, a monthly summary of U.S. imports of crude or nonproc-
essed fishery products is not available; therefore, only imports of manufactured or proc-
essed fishery products are reported. The import data are, therefore, not comparable
to previous reports of 'U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products, "'
The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U, S. Exports of Edible
Fishery Products." The export data in this series have always been limited to manu-
factured or processed products.
(2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 p. 41.
Wages
NEW MINIMUM WAGES FOR
ONSHORE FISHERY WORKERS:
Effective September 3, 1964, the minimum
wage for onshore fishery workers, other than
cannery workers, advanced to $1.15an hour,
pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, as
Vol. 26, No, 11
amended. The minimum wage for those on-
shore fishery workers will rise to $1.25 per
hour on September 3, 1965. Fish cannery
workers have been subject to the $1.25 mini-
mum wage rate since September 3, 1963.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 104.
Washington
SURVEY OF FISH AND WILDLIFE
RESOURCES OF PUGET SOUND
AND ADJACENT WATERS:
A Fisheries and Wildlife Technical Com-
mittee has been formed to make a compre-
hensive study of Puget Sound and adjacent wa-
ters in Washington State. The fish and wild-
life study is part of a comprehensive Federal-
State review of Puget Sound in which water
and associated land resources will be exam-
ined to develop a multipurpose plan to meet
short and long-term needs of the region,
The Committee will consider all water re-
source functions including hydroelectric pow-
er generation, fish and wildlife conservation
and development, irrigation, flood control and
drainage, recreation, navigation, and water
quality control. The study is scheduled for
completion in 1969 when a detailed report will
be released.
The Fisheries and Wildlife Technical Com-
mittee includes representatives from the
Washington State Department of Fisheries,
the Washington State Department of Game,
and the following Federal Agencies: Bureau
of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and the Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, both of the
Fish and Wildlife Service; Forest Service;
Soil Conservation Service; Economic Research
Service; Corps of Engineers; Bureau of Out-
door Recreation; and the Public Health Serv-
ice, Other Federal, state, county, and munic-
ipal agencies and groups are expected to con-
tribute materially to the overall study.
The survey will include a study of fish and
wildlife populations, distribution, and habitat;
and a determination of commercial harvest
and man days of fishing and hunting. An im-
mediate task will be to determine basic fish
and wildlife resource needs in specific basins
and to alert water development agencies con-
cerning protective and enhancement measures
required in project planning. The primary
emphasis during the first part of the study
November 1964
will be onthe Nooksack, Skagit, and Snohomish
River basins,
Weather
STORM WARNING BUOYS
FOR GULF OF MEXICO:
An open sea weather observation and warn-
ing buoy was established in the Gulf of Mexico
in mid-August 1964 by the U.S. Coast Guard,
Known as the MAMOS (Marine Automatic Me-
teorological Observing Station), the new sta-
tion will enable the U.S. Weather Bureau to
receive advance indications of dangerous
storms.
Made of aluminum, the unmanned buoy is
20 feet long, 12 feet wide, weighs 3} tons, and
costs about $250,000. It is capable of oper-
ating a full year without attendance, Power
for the buoy's electronic equipment is sup-
plied by storage batteries, charged by wind-
driven generators,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65
Weather measurements taken by the buoy
are transmitted at regular intervals to inland
receiving stations, Those measurements in-
clude air and water temperature, barometric
pressure, and wind speed and direction,
A second MAMOS was established in the
Gulf of Mexico in late September 1964, Fu-
ture plans call for a total of 45 of the storm
warning buoys.
Wholesale Prices
EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH,
SEPTEMBER 1964:
Wholesale prices for most fresh fish and shellfish were
higher from August to September 1964 and the overall whole-
sale price index for September rose 3.9 percent from the pre-
vious month. At 109.5 percent of the 1957-59 average, the in-
dex this September was 2.2 percent higher than in the same
month of 1963.
Prices for all of the major products in the subgroup index
for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish were higher this Septem-
ber than in the previous month and the index was up 11.6 per-
cent. The only exception was Lake Superior whitefish with
Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1964 with Comparisons
Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification
Sa king, lge, & med., drsd., fresh or froz,
Whitefish, L, Superior, drawn, fresh
Yellow pike, L. Michigan & Huron, rnd,, fresh
Fillets, haddock, sm, skins on, 20-1b, tins
Shrimp, Ige. (26-30 count), iicadiess, fresh
Oysters, shucked, standards
Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish):
Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1-1b, pkg.
Haddock, smil,, skins on, 1-lb, pkg.
Ocean perch, Ize., skins on 1-1b, pkg.
Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5-lb, pkg.
Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz,), 48 cans/cs,
Tuna, lt, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 oz.),
48 cans/cs,
Mackerel, jack, Calif,, No.1 tall (15 02z.),
48 cans/cs.
Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn
3-3/4 o: 100 cans/cs,
Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish):. ......2...
Siete: alls) oiin- ese
Canned Fishery Products: . 2.» 2 «see eee e eee e
Point of Avg. a 1/ Indexes
Pricing (1957 -59=100)
July | Sept
1964 | 1963
106.6 | 107.1
ating dts Dea bene . ona [aon | aogs aoa |
106. 9 36, 83.8 | 104
2 17 95.5 A 98.4 83.2
7.25 | 7.00 122,2 | 118.0 | 118,0 | 130.7
100.0 | 102,5| 97,4
hese
128
1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which ‘the Loth of the month occurs,
prices are p
Products Reports’® should be referred to for actual prices,
ublished as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery
66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
prices at Chicago down 9.5 percent. The more substantial
price increases this September were for ex-vessel large had-
dock (up 33.1 percent) at Boston and western fresh halibut
(up 25.0 percent) at New York City. Fresh halibut from the
seasonal Pacific Northwest fishery were scarce in September
due to the lower catches throughout most of the season and
closure of the main fishing areas. Halibut landings by the
end of the 1964 season should be down better than 10 million
pounds from the previous year. At New York City, prices for
fresh dressed king salmon (up 5.4 percent) were higher than
in August, and there was a smaller increase in prices for
fresh round yellow pike. As compared with September 1963,
the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish this
September was 1.8 percent higher because of higher prices
for haddock and western halibut. Those higher prices were
offset by lower prices for the remaining items in the sub-
group.
Vol. 26, No. 11
The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish
rose 6.3 percent from August to September and was higher
than in September 1963 by 3.1 percent. Prices this Septem-
ber for fresh haddock fillets at Boston increased 24.0 percent
from the previous month as a direct result of higher ex-ves-
sel haddock prices. South Atlantic fresh shrimp prices (up
6.6 percent) at New York City were considerably stronger in
September and there was a price increase for shucked stand-
ard oysters (up 25 cents a gallon) at Norfolk. As compared
with September 1963, the subgroup index this September was
3.1 percent higher largely because of substantially higher
prices for fresh shrimp and haddock fillets.
Several price changes this September for items in the
processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup did not affect
the subgroup index which at 100 percent of the 1957-59 aver-
age remained unchanged from the previous month, But the
‘index this September was 2.7 percent higher than in Septem-
ber 1963. Frozen shrimp prices (up 0.6 percent) at Chicago
in September were up only slightly from August. The small
price increase for shrimp, however, cancelled out price de-
clines for ocean perch fillets (down 3.3 percent) and flounder
fillets (down 2.6 percent). Prices for frozen shrimp this
September were up 6.0 percent and for haddock fillets were
up 2.8 percent from September 1963.
Although price changes occurred this September within
the subgroup for canned fishery products, the index at 103.1
percent of the 1957-59 average was the same as in.August.
Prices for canned Maine sardines were up 7.5 percent from
the previous month (and 25.7 percent higher than in Septem-
ber 1963). Supplies of canned sardines were low and the new
season pack was far short of normal. Prices for canned pink
salmon were down 2.3 percent from August to September be-
cause of liberal supplies. As of the end of September 1964,
the Alaska canned salmon pack was 3.5 million cases, of
which 1.9 million cases were pinks. As compared with Sep-
tember a year earlier, the subgroup index this September
was 1.7 percent higher. September 1964 prices were up for
all canned fish products except pink salmon (down 9.4 per-
cent from September 1963).
COPIES OF MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS STILL AVAILABLE
A limited number of free copies of the following Market News Leaflets issued earlier
in 1964 are still available and will be mailed on request as long as the supplies last:
MNL- 5--Denmark's Fisheries, 1963, and 1964 Trends
MNL- 8--Portugal's Fishing Industry, 1963
MNL-11--Fishing Industry in Spain, 1963
MNL-14--United Kingdom's Fishing Industry, 1959-1963
MNL-18--Panama's Fishing Industry, 1963
MNL-~23--Fisheries of Chile, Part II and Part II] - Central
and South Chile, 1960-1962
MNL-23 (Supplement) --Fisheries of Chile, Part Il andPartII--
Central and South Chile, 1961-1963 (Statistics)
MNL-26--Taiwan Fisheries in 1963
MNL-~32--Venezuelan Commercial Catch, Foreign Trade,
and Major Developments for 1961-1962
MNL-40--Moroccan Fishing Industry, 1962-1963
MNL-44--Iceland's Fishing Industry, 1963
MNL-52--Menhaden Fish Oil Prices--New York City, 1953-
1963, and January 1964
MNL-57 --Fisheries in the Federal Republic of Germany, An-
nual Survey 1962
MNL-87 --Survey of the Dominant Conditions Affecting the
Development of the Cartagena Fishery (Colombia)
MNL-88--Japan's Imports and Exports of Fisheries Products,
1961-1962
MNL-89--Peru: Fish Meal and Oil Report, 1963
For copies of any of these leaflets, write to the Fishery Market News Service, U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Rm. 510, 1815 N. Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Va. 22209.
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67
International
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION
PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION
RESUMED TALKS IN OTTAWA:
The third round ina series of talks between Canada, Japan,
and the United States on the International Convention for the
High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean opened in Otta-
wa, September 9, 1964.
When ratified in 1953, the Convention had a guaranteed min-
imum life of 10 years and, thereafter, until 1 year from the
date on which any member should give notice of termination.
No such notice has been given, but last year, at the request of
Japan, two rounds of negotiations took place among the con-
tracting parties. The first round was held in Washington in
June and the second in Tokyo during September and October.
During those meetings the Convention was reviewed to find
a basis for resolving the different views developed as a result
of the experience gained since 1953. Japan submitted a new
draft convention which also was given consideration during the
meetings.
Progress towards an agreement was made during the first
two rounds of talks, but a further meeting was considered nec-
essary which, at Canada's invitation, was held in Ottawa.
The United States Delegation to the Ottawa meeting was
headed by Ambassador Benjamin A. Smith, and included Com-
missioner Clarence F. Pautzke, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice, William C. Herrington, Special Assistant for Fisheries
and Wildlife to the Under Secretary of State, and Director
Donald L. McKernan, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S.
Department of the Interior, as well as Congressional and other
Advisers. On September 14, 1964, the U. S. Senate's President
pro tempore appointed Senators Bartlett and Long to attend the
meeting.
President Johnson from the White House on September 4,
1964, issued this statement regarding the negotiations of the
parties to the International Convention for the High Seas Fish-
eries of the North Pacific Ocean:
“‘The third round of negotiations with Canada and Japan on
North Pacific fisheries problems is scheduled to begin in Ot-
tawa on September 9, I have just received a report on the is-
sues involved from Ambassador Benjamin A, Smith II, who
will head the United States Delegation in these negotiations,
The major problem with which the negotiations will deal is
the revision of the existing international arrangements for
the conservation and rational utilization of the fishery re-
sources in the north Pacific Ocean,
‘‘Two earlier rounds of negotiations were held in Washing-
ton and Tokyo last year. They made substantial progress to-
ward full agreement. I hope the negotiations can be completed
during the new round of discussions.
‘The primary objective of the United States in these nego-
tiations is to protect the interests of Alaska and the Pacific
Northwest in the North Pacific fisheries, which consist prin-
cipally of salmon and halibut, The economy of these regions
is heavily dependent upon the U. S. fisheries supported by
these resources, The interests of the United States in these
fishery stocks have been advanced by the International Con-
vention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific
Ocean. Basic to that Convention is the concept that in special
situations, such as those exemplified by the North American
salmon and halibut fisheries, where the countries participat-
ing in the fisheries have built up and maintained the resources
through major research and regulatory programs, other coun-
tries should exercise restraints on their fishing of the type
provided for in that Convention. This concept provides the in-
centives necessary to the establishment and continuation of
the conservation measures essential to the attainment, both
now and in the future, of the maximum harvest of food for
mankind. This will insure the conservation of important ma-
rine resources and prevent irreparable damage to them
through over-exploitation. This is in the common interest of
Japan, Canada, and the United States.
“Over the years we have made major contributions to the
restoration and maintenance of the salmon and halibut fish-
eries. For this reason, we have a special interest in them.
We are determined to protect that interest, while giving every
consideration to the legitimate interests of the other parties
to the convention. I am confident that Ambassador Smith, who
was the United States representative during the earlier dis-
cussions, will effectively present our point of view,
“| urge that the three delegations work out a solution that
will permit the conservation of these resources for future
generations, taking into account the unique circumstances
surrounding the Convention and the interests of all parties
tovit.**
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 54; June 1963 p. 57.
2 OK OK OK
JAPANESE FISHING INDUSTRY
POSITION ON NEGOTIATIONS:
The Japan-United States-Canada Special
Committee of the Japan Fisheries Society, at
a meeting on August 2, 1964, in Tokyo, formu-
lated the Japanese fishing industry's position
on the North Pacific Fisheries Convention re-
negotiation talks in Ottawa. The talks began
September 9, 1964. Gist of the industry's
recommendations submitted to the Japanese
Fisheries Agency Director is as follows:
(1) To maximize utilization of the fishery
resources of the high seas, the resources
(placed under abstention) should be released,
and the obligation for joint conservation of
such resources should be assumed on an equal
footing.
(2) Any arrangement which would result in
the exclusive utilization of fishery resources
by the coastal country inform or in fact must
be absolutely opposed.
.
68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
International (Contd.):
(3) Industry's consistent desire is to abol-
ish the abstention principle in fact and not j
merely to eliminate it as an expression of
term in the text of the Treaty.
The meeting was attended by over 20 per-
sons (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, September
3, 1964.)
The Japanese Fisheries Agency Director
at a press conference on September 1, told
reporters that he anticipated difficulties in
the Ottawa talks to renegotiate the North Pa-
cific Fisheries Convention. He stated that so
long as the contracting parties stand opposed
on the interpretation of resources, progress
cannot be achieved. He pointed out the impor-
tance of guiding the discussions on a practi-
cal basis, and for this purpose felt that all
parties should submit their substitute propos -
als (Minato Shimbun, September 2, 1964.)
KOK KKK
JAPANESE PRESS REACTION TO TALKS:
The following are reactions printed by the
Japanese press to the third round in a series
of talks between Canada, Japan, and the United
States on the International Convention for the
High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific
Ocean. The talks opened inOttawa, September
9, 1964.
(1) Discriminatory treatment forced upon
Japan during the period of occupation must be
eliminated. The North Pacific Fishery Trea-
ty and the United States-Japan Aviation Agree-
ment were cited as discriminatory. Attention
was being focused on the Ottawa meeting be-
cause of similarity in nature to the United
States-Japan aviation talks which ended in
deadlock when the United States was unwilling
to give up special rights and interests obtain-
ed during the period of occupation.
(2) Japan should not agree to the principle
of historic fishing rights advocated by the
United States at the Tokyo meeting in 1963,
which is tantamount to monopolistic division
of fishery resources by specific countries,
i.e., the United States and Canada. The his-
toric rights principle is more objectionable
than the principle of abstention because it
closes the door indefinitely to Japanese fish-
ermen whereas under the abstention principle
the possibility does exist to fish underutilized
stocks of fish.
Vol. 26, No. 11
(3) Japan should not approve United States
demands for unilateral self-restraint in the
fisheries of the Northeastern Pacific.
(4) Unwillingness on the part of the United
States to compromise its stand on vested fish-
ery rights, together with the President's an-
nouncement to protect United States interests
in the North Pacific fisheries, places unneces-
sary strain on friendly relations between Ja-
pan and the United States.
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR
THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA
NEW CONVENTION APPROVED AT
CONFERENCE IN COPENHAGEN:
A new Convention for the International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
was considered and agreed upon by represent-
atives of member Governments of that organ-
ization at a conference in Copenhagen, Sep-
tember 7-12, 1964. The Governments repre-
sented at the Conference were Belgium, Den-
mark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic
of Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Neth-
erlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, the
U.S.S.R., and the United Kingdom.
Neither ICES nor its personnel have had
the usual international status of an organiza-
tion of its type. The new Convention is in-
tended to correct those problems; it describes
the purpose of ICES and outlines organization-
al and financial procedures.
The new Convention shall be open until De-
cember 31, 1964, for signature on behalf of
the Governments of all States which partici-
pate in the work of ICES. The new Convention
shall enter into force on July 22 next follow-
ing the deposit of instruments of ratification
or approval by all signatory Governments.
Under certain conditions, the new Convention
may also be placed in force if at least three-
fourths of the signatory Governments deposit
instruments of ratification or approval by Jan-
uary 1, 1968.
Following is the text of the new Convention,
as agreed upon September 12, 1964:
Convention for the International Council
for the Exploration of the Sea
‘PREAMBLE.
The Governments of the States Parties to this Con-
tion
Having participated in the work of the International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea, which was estab-
November 1964
International (Contd.):
lished at Copenhagen in 1902 as a result of conferences
held in Stockholm in 1899 and in Christiania in 1901 and
entrusted with the task of carrying out a program of in-
ternational investigation of the sea
Desiring to provide a new constitution for-the afore-
said Council with a view to facilitating the implementa-
tion of its program
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE 1
It shall be the duty of the International Council for
the Exploration of the Sea, hereinafter referred to as
the ''Council,"
(a) to promote and encourage research and investi-
gations for the study of the sea particularly
those related to the living resources thereof;
(b) to draw up programs required for this purpose
and to organize in agreement with the Contract-
ing Parties, such research and investigation as
may appear necessary;
(c) to publish or otherwise disseminate the results
of research and investigations carried out under
its auspices or to encourage the publication
thereof.
ARTICLE 2
The Council shall be concerned with the Atlantic
Ocean and its adjacent seas and primarily concerned
with the North Atlantic.
ARTICLE 3
(1) The Council shall be maintained in accordance
with the provisions of this Convention,
(2) The seat of the Council shall remain at Copen-
hagen,
ARTICLE 4
The Council shall seek to establish and maintain
working arrangements with other international organ-
izations which have related objectives and cooperate,
as far as possible, with them, in particular in the sup-
ply of scientific information requested.
ARTICLE 5
The Contracting Parties undertake to furnish to the
Council information which will contribute to the pur-
poses of this Convention and can reasonably be made
available and, wherever possible, to assist in carrying
ba the programs of research coordinated by the Coun-
cil.
ARTICLE 6
(1) Each Contracting Party shall be represented at
the Council by not more than two delegates.
(2) A delegate who is not present at a meeting of the
Council may be replaced by a substitute who shall have
all the powers of the delegate for that meeting.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
69
(3) Each Contracting Party may appoint such experts
and advisers as it may determine to assist in the work
of the Council.
ARTICLE 7
(1) The Council shall meet in ordinary session once
a year. This session shall be held in Copenhagen, un-
less the Council decides otherwise.
(2) Extraordinary sessions of the Council may be
called by the Bureau at such place and time as it may
determine and shall be so called on the request of at
least one-third of the Contracting Parties.
ARTICLE 8
(1) Each Contracting Party shall have one vote in the
Council.
(2) Decisions of the Council shall, except where other-
wise in this Convention specially provided, be taken by a
simple majority of the votes cast for or against. Ifthere
is an even division of votes on any matter which is sub-
ject to a simple majority decision, the proposal shall be
regarded as rejected.
ARTICLE 9
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the
Council shall draw up its own Rules of Procedure which
shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Con-
tracting Parties.
(2) English and French shall be the working languages
of the Council.
ARTICLE 10
(1) The Council shall elect from among the delegates
its President, a first Vice-President, and a further 5
Vice Presidents. This last number may be augmented
by a decision taken by the Council by a two-thirds ma-
jority.
(2) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall as~
sume office on the first day of November next following
their election, for a term of three years. They are eli-
gible for reelection according to the Rules of Procedure.
(3) On assuming office the President shall cease forth-
with to be a delegate.
ARTICLE 11
(1) The President and Vice-Presidents shall together
constitute the Bureau of the Council.
(2) The Bureau shall be the Executive Committee of
the Council and shall carry out the decisions of the
Council, draw up its agenda, and convene its meetings.
It shall also prepare the budget. It shall invest the re-
serve funds and carry out the tasks entrusted to it by
the Council. It shall account to the Council for its ac-
tivities.
ARTICLE 12
There shall be a Consultative Committee, a Finance
Committee, and such other committees as the Council
may deem necessary for the discharge of its functions
with the duties respectively assigned to them in the
Rules of Procedure.
70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
International (Contd.):
ARTICLE 13
(1) The Council shal] appoint a General Secretary on
such terms and to perform such duties as it may deter-
mine.
(2) Subject to any general directions of the Council,
the Bureau shall appoint such other staff as may be re-
quired for the purposes of the Council on such terms
and to perform such duties as it may determine.
ARTICLE 14
(1) Each Contracting Party shall pay the expenses
of the delegates, experts, and advisers appointed by it,
except in so far as the Council may otherwise deter-
mine.
(2) The Council shall approve an annual budget of the
proposed expenditure of the Council.
(3) In the first and second financial years after this
Convention enters into force in accordance with Article
16 of this Convention, the Contracting Parties shallcon-
tribute to the expenses of the Council such sums as they
respectively contributed or undertook to contribute, in
respect of the year preceding the entering into force of
this Convention.
(4) In respect of the third and subsequent financial
years, the Contracting Parties shall contribute sums
calculated in accordance with a scheme to be prepared
by the Council and accepted by all the Contracting Par-
ties. This scheme may be modified by the Council with
the agreement of all Contracting Parties.
(5) A Government acceding to this Convention shall
contribute to the expenses of the Council such sum as
may be agreed between that Government and the Coun-
cil in respect of each financial year until the scheme
under paragraph 4 provides for contributions from that
Government.
(6) A Contracting Party which has not paid its con-
tribution for two consecutive years shall not enjoy any
rights under this Convention until it has fulfilled its fi-
nancial obligations.
ARTICLE 15
(1) The Council shall enjoy, in the territories of the
Contracting Parties, such legal capacity as may be a-
greed between the Council and the Government of the
Contracting Party concerned.
(2) The Council, delegates and experts, the General
Secretary, and other officials shall enjoy in the terri-
tories of the Contracting Parties such privileges and
immunities, necessary for the fulfillment of their func-
tions, as may be agreed between the Council and the
Government of the Contracting Party concerned.
ARTICLE 16
(1) This Convention shall be open until 31st Decem-
ber, 1964, for signature on behalf of the Governments
of all States which participate in the work of the Coun-
cil,
Vol. 26, No. 11
(2) This Convention is subject to ratification or ap-
proval by the signatory Governments in accordance with
their respective constitutional procedures. The instru-
ments of ratification or approval shall be deposited with
the Government of Denmark, who will act as the deposi-
tory Government.
(3) This Convention shall enter into force on the 22nd
July next following the deposit of the instruments of
ratification or approval by all signatory Governments.
If, however, on the lst January, 1968, all the signatory
Governments have not ratified this Convention, but not
less than three quarters of the signatory Governments
have deposited instruments of ratification or approval,
these latter Governments may agree among themselves
by special protocol on the date on which this Convention
shall enter into force and on other related matters; and
in that case this Convention shall enter into force with
respect to any other signatory Government that ratifies
or approves thereafter, on the date of deposit of its in-
strument of ratification or approval.
(4) After the entry into force of this Convention in
accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, the Gov-
ernment of any State may apply to accede to this Con-
vention by addressing a written application to the Gov-
ernment of Denmark. It shall be permitted to deposit
an instrument of accession with that Government after
the approval of the Governments of three quarters of
the States which have already deposited their instru-
ments of ratification, approval, or accession has been
notified to the Government of Denmark. For any acced-
ing Government this Convention shall enter into force
on the date of deposit of its instrument of accession.
ARTICLE 17
At any time after two years from the date on which
this Convention has come into force, any Contracting
Party may denounce the Convention by means of a no-
tice in writing addressed to the Government of Denmark.
Any such notice shall take effect 12 months after the
date of its receipt.
ARTICLE 18
When the present Convention comes into force it
shall be registered by the depository Government with
the Secretariat of the United Nations Organization in
accordance with Article 102 of its Charter.
FINAL CLAUSE
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly
authorized have signed the present Convention:
DONE at Copenhagen this twelfth day of September
1964, in the English and French languages, both texts
being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be
deposited in the archives of the Government of Denmark
who shall forward certified true copies to all signatory
and acceding Governments.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1964 p. 51.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE
TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
RATIFIES CONVENTION:
The instrument of ratification by the Do-
minican Republic of the Conventiononthe Ter-
November 1964
International (Contd.):
ritorial Sea and Contiguous Zone was deposited
on August 11, 1964. The ratification entered
into force on September 10, 1964.
The Convention was formulated at the Unit-
ed Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
at Geneva on April 29, 1958.
FISH MEAL
PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR
SELECTED COUNTRIES,
JANUARY-JUNE 1963-1964:
Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza-
tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of
fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland,
Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Produc-
tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu-
ary-June 1964 were up substantially from the same period
of the previous year.
Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries
of the FEO, January-June 1963-1964
od a
. (1,000 Metric Tons)
. Africa (including
S.-W. Africa). ...
Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries
of the FEO, January-June 1963-1964
Shs 1 wel dal oe ame i
.(1,000 Metric Tons)
1/
eae Caen ad . 73.5
CSIC ORR RRC CCC . 87.2
99.8 45.1] 132.2
a viele eee 869.6] 700.9/1,159.2
So. Africa (including
S.-W. Africa)
1/Data not available. Chile became a member of FEO at the end of 1963.
During the first 6 months of 1964, Peru accounted for 67.5
percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO countries,
followed by Norway with 9.5 percent, South Africa with 9.4
percent, Chile with 6.4 percent, Iceland with 4.6 percent, and
Angola with 2.6 percent. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Eu-
rope, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 11, 1964.)
% OK OK OK Ok
WORLD PRODUCTION, JUNE 1964:
World fish meal production in June 1964 held steady at
about the same level as in the previous month, according to
preliminary data from the International Association of Fish
Meal Manufacturers. Compared with the same month in the
previous year, world fish meal production in June 1964 was
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
71
up about 7 percent due mainly to higher output in Chile, Ice-
land, the United States, and Angola.
World fish meal production in the first 6 months of 1964
was considerably above that in the same period of 1963. The
increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru
which accounted for about 56 percent of world output during
January-June 1964, Higher production during January-June
1964 was also reported in Norway, South Africa, Chile, Ice-
land, and Angola. The increase was partly offset by lower
production in Canada, Denmark, and the United States.
Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub-
mit data to the Association monthly (see table).
World Fish Meal Production by Countries,
January-June 1963-1964
Jan.-June
(Canada.....++-+- 5,533 5,966 21,934 37,910
Denmark ......- 11,776 11,485 41,850 47,444
EeNANCE! Uatete «p60 « 1,100 1,100 6,600 6,600
German Fed. Rep 5,727 5,821 37,277 38,949
Netherlands ... .- 600 300 3,500 2,000
Spain .....222e- 1/ 1/ 1/ 10,869
Sweden.......- “238 “324 3,666 3,107
United Kingdom 6,471 6,656 40,283 38,849
United States... . | 39,548 | 2/31,620 76,160 | 2/82,590
Angola........ 5,795| 2,288 | 2/30,542 13,462
Iceland "F000 <0. . « 17,210 4,754 | ~ 52,879 39,568
Norway .....--. 13,787 19,469 99,835 44,488
Persian ee ake 59 869,682 701,507
So. Afr. (incl.
S.-W. Africa) 163,593 147,997
HUM, 52 ce 2,250 2,250
Bees ald) ae 90,980 | 2/67,797
ble val aim)" 1/ 3/4,060 | ~ 1/
ater 1,285,387
1/Data not available.
2/Revised.
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU MEETING OF
FISHERIES COMMITTEE HELD:
A Bureau meeting of the Fisheries Com-
mittee, Organization for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development (OECD), was held on
September 7, 1964, in Paris, France. The
purpose of the Bureau meeting was to consid~
er and approve the draft 1965 program on be-
half of the full committee. The meeting was
attended by the U. S. Regional Fisheries At-
tache for Europe, United States Embassy, Co-
penhagen.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
FISHERY TRAINING CENTER
TO BE BUILT IN SOUTH KOREA:
The Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) is scheduled to build a fishery training
center in Pusan, Korea, as part of FAO's five-
year technical development assistance pro-
.
72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
International (Contd.):
gram for the Republic of Korea. The center,
to be financed by the U.N. Special Fund, will
train 30-40 Korean fishery technicians each
year.
Two training vessels (one 200-ton tuna
vessel and one 150-ton trawler) will be used
by the center, and bid invitations for their
construction are expected to be sent to Japa-
nese firms. (Suisancho Nippo, August 22,
1964.)
WHALING
SOVIETS PROPOSE CONFERENCE
FOR REVISION OF ANTARCTIC
CATCH ALLOCATION:
The Soviet Union is reported to be dissat-
isfied with the reduction in her whale catch
quota for the 19th International Antarctic
Whaling Expedition, which begins in December
1964, and proposed this past fallthat the three
whaling countries--Japan, U.S.S.R., and Nor-
way--hold a conference to revise the present
catch allocation.
A catch quota of 8,000 blue-whale units
was informally agreed to by Japan, Norway,
the Soviet Union, and the Netherlands this
year, Since the International Whaling Com=
mission, which met in Sandefjord, Norway,
in June 1964, failed to reach agreement on
the catch quota for the 19th Antarctic Whal-
ing Expedition. The Netherlands, however,
sold her whale factoryship Willem Barendsz
(26,830 gross tons) and her six-percent in-
ternational whale catch quota to Japan in Au-
gust this year. Thus, the number of countries
participating in the 1964/65 Antarctic Whaling
Expedition was reduced to three. Their catch
quotas are: Japan 4,160 blue-whale units (52
percent); Norway 2,240 units (28 percent);
Soviet Union 1,600 units (20 percent).
Reportedly, the Soviet Union, which plans
to operate 4 fleets, considers her catch share
insufficient and seeks a quota increase to a-
round 2,000 blue-whale units. She claims
that the catch quota allocation and the observ-
er system adopted in 1962, when there were
5 nations participating in the Antarctic whal-
ing expedition, need to be revised since there
are now only 3 nations engaged in whaling.
Japan's position is that the 1962 agreement
is effective for another two years and it was
on that basis that she purchased the Dutch
whale factoryship and that factoryship's six-
percent international catch quota.
Vol. 26, No. 11
Informed observers in Japan foresee pos-
sible Soviet withdrawal from the 1962 agree-
ment. Japan fears that this would disrupt ord-
erly whaling operations and would result ina
free-for-all competition, to the detriment of
the Antarctic whale resources. Moreover,
she considers that such a move by the Soviet
Union would render meaningless the high
price Japan has paid for the Dutch whale fac~-
toryship and her catch quota. Therefore,
should a meeting of the three whaling nations
be called, as requested by the Soviet Union,
Japan is expected to strongly insist upon re-
taining her 52-percent catch quota. (Suisan
Tsushin, September 16; Suisan Keizai Shim-
bun, September 11, 1964; and other sources.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 54;
August 1964 pp. 52, 76; April 1964 pp. 62, 66.
Argentina
FISHERIES TRENDS, 1963-1964:
Landings in 1963: Argentina's commercial
fishery landings in 1963 amounted to122,308
metric tons with an ex=vessel value of 1,170
million pesos (US$8.5 million). Compared
with 1962 landings of 92,326 tons valued at
806 million pesos ($7.1 million), the 1963
landings increased 33 percent in quantity and
364 million pesos in value. (A comparison of
the U. S. dollar value of the landings for the
two years, however, is not a true comparison
because the Argentine peso depreciated from
an average dollar value of 113.3 pesos in1962
to an average of 137.8 pesos to the dollar in
1963.)
In 1963 there was expansion in practically
all segments of the Argentine fishery indus-
try. It was a peak year for commercial fish-
ing, production of processed fishery products
and byproducts, and exports. Continued prog-
ress was anticipated for 1964, with estimates
of fishery landings placed at about 200,000tons.
The record commercial fishery landings
for 1963 were due to a number of reasons
among which are included: (1) the increased
capacity and demand of freezing and packing
plants, especially for fish fillets for export;
(2) the growing demand in the domestic mar-
ket and abroad for fish meal, and the expand-
ed plant capacity in Mar del Plata for proc-
essing it; (3) the reactivation of the anchovy,
horse mackerel, and tuna-canning industry;
and (4) the increased tonnage of the deep-sea
fishing fleet.
November 1964
Argentina (Contd.):
Fig. 1 - Map of Argentina showing extensive Continental Shelf.
Fishing Fleet: The Argentine maritime
fishing fleet operating in 1963 consisted of 38
deep-sea trawlers manned by some 450 crew
members. During the year those vessels
made 1,697 trips and caught 57,280 tons of
fish, about 90 percent of which was whiting
(merluza). In addition, an inshore coastal
fleet of 313 vessels and 25 other small craft
with a total of about 1,600 crew members
landed 53,039 tons (mostly anchovies and
mackerel). The commercial fresh-water fish
catch in 1963 amounted to 11,988 tons, mostly
shad, smelt, and several other species.
Fig. 2 - Shrimp fishing vessels docked at the Mar del Plata port
(Buenos Aires Province).
Utilization of Fishery Catch: Of the total
1964 fishery landings of 122,308 tons, about
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73
43,000 tons went into fresh (iced) fish consump-
tion and the remainder was used for manufac -
turing processed fishery products and byprod-
ucts valued at about 2,399 million pesos ($17.3
million), Included were canned fishand shell-
fish (13,264 tons); chilled and frozenfish and
shellfish (14,852 tons --mostly"' whiting,’ round,
dressed, fillets); fish meal (8,055 tons); and fish
oil(1,199tons). Rapid growth was indicated in
1963 inthe canning, freezing, and fish-meal-
producing segments of the industry.
Fig. 3 = Unloading and packing fish at Mar del Plata.
Fish Meal: Argentina's fish meal pro-
duction more than doubled in 1963 as com-
pared with the previous year, and another
substantial increase is anticipated for 1964.
By 1963 there were 5 major fish meal plants
operating in Mar del Plata with a total an-
nual capacity of some 12,000 tons, and plans
were under way for the construction of 6
more plants. A significant increase in fish
meal production for use as poultry feed was
expected as a result of two meatless days a
week initiated by the government. Also, there
have been some experiments in the produc -
tion of fish flour for human consumption us-
ing a freeze-drying process.
Foreign Trade: In 1963 Argentina switch-
ed from its former position of net importer
of fishery products to that of net exporter.
Argentine exports of fishery products and by-
products increased in 1963 to 7,353 tons val-
ued at $1.2 million from 2,532 tons witha value
of $391,884 in 1962, An additional 1,458 tons
of ocean seaweed (valued at $287,713) was ex-
ported in 1963, as compared to 992 tons worth
$204,710 in 1962. Argentine imports of fish-
ery products and byproducts in 1963 dropped to
to 2,361 tons (value $835,039) from 2,560 met-
ric tons (value $1,022,014) in 1962. The two
most important fishery exports in quantity
and value were frozen fish--2,768 tons worth
.
74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Argentina (Contd.):
$707,841 in 1963, over half of which went to
Spain, and fish meal (3,978 tons valued at
$396,552), principally to West Germany.
Argentine exports to the United States in
1963 were: 244 tons of frozen fish valued at
$116,397 and 1 ton of seaweed valued at $200.
In 1962, exports to the United States consist -
ed of 331 tons of frozen fish valued at
$133,312, and a very small quantity of can-
ned fish. Argentina imported only a very
small quantity of canned fish, caviar, and
some other prepared fish products from the
United States in 1963 and 1962.
va
Fig. 4 - Result of a one-hour groundfish drag by Argen-
tine fishing vessel at 120 fathoms--latitude about 42nd
south parallel,
Fishery Resources Potential: The Argen-
tine Continental Shelf covers an area of near-
ly 400,000 square miles. International fish-
ery experts believe it abounds in marine spe-
cies of commercial value, especially in the
zone between parallels 38° and 44° south
where the Antarctic and Equatorial currents
converge. Argentine Government officials
Vol. 26, No. 11
estimate potential fishery yields as high as
four million tons annually. Actual exploita-
tion has never measured more than a small
fraction of that amount. Nevertheless, Gov-
ernment officials believe that in view of the
short distance of the underexploited fisheries
resources from Argentine fishing ports, ade-
quate capital investment for expanding the
national commercial fishing fleet and indus-
try would place Argentina in a highly advan-
tageous export position. Moreover, it has
been argued that, with increased domestic
consumption of fish, a corresponding amount
of meat products could be diverted into the
export market.
Developments in 1964: When in the first
half of 1964 there developed a shortage of do-
mestic beef and constantly increasing beef
prices, renewed attention was given to Argen-
tina's underutilization of the rich fishery re-
sources off its continental shores, and to the
fact that Argentina has one of the lowest aver-
age per capita fish consumption rate in the
world (2.7 kilograms or about 6 pounds edi-
ble weight in 1963). Significant developments
affecting the Argentine fishing industry in
1964 were:
1. In June the Argentine Central Bank an-
nounced that, as the first step in an overall
promotion scheme for the fishing industry, it
would make available, through rediscounts to
the Bank of the Nation and the Industrial Bank,
credits totaling 709 million pesos @bout $5.1
million) to finance the construction of fishing
trawlers, modernization of the canning and
freezing/chilling industry plant and equip-
ment, the acquisition of refrigerated storage
facilities and transport, and the installation
of modern fish markets. Promotion credits
for the fishing industry, especially in the com-
mercialization sector, also were expected to
be released by the Provincial Bank of Buenos
Aires,
2, As an emergency measure to deal with
the short supply of fishing vessels, the Execu-
tive Branch issued Decree 4,508/64 of June
17, 1964, establishing one-year authority for
Argentine-chartered trawlers under LAFTA-
country registry (primarily Peruvian and
Chilean) to engage in deep-sea fishing outside
Argentina's jurisdictional waters, and accord-
ing national treatment to fish catches by those
vessels. The Argentine Government received
offers from Spain, Japan, and Yugoslavia to
supply fishing vessels in exchange for Argen-
November 1964
Argentina (Contd.):
tine meat and agricultural products. However,
a Government proposal to modify existing
legislation protecting the Argentine shipbuild-
ing industry met with such stiff opposition
from the local shipbuilding associations that
the project was temporarily shelved. About
15 fishing vessels newly constructed had been
expected to be operating in 1964 but only a-
bout 7 of them will be completed this year.
3. The presence of foreign fishing fleets
(principally Japan and the U.S.S.R., but also
of several West European nations, Brazil,
and Uruguay) in the deep-sea fishing areas
off the Argentine coast was cited by the Exe-
cutive Branch as partial justification for re-
cently submitting to Congress a draft law
which would (1) extend the present 3-mile
limit of Argentina's territorial sea to 6 miles,
and (2) declare exclusive Argentine sover-
eignty, and thereby the applicability of Argen-
tine police and customs powers, over the en-
tire contiguous Continental Shelf and epicon-
tinental water, and declare exclusive rights
to exploring and exploiting the natural re-
sources (including fish) in that extensive area.
4, Increasing retail fish prices were re-
cently studied by the National and Buenos
Aires Municipal authorities. They were
termed unjustifiable and the result of a pro-
ducers! ''fish monopoly" in Mar del Plata
artificially reducing output and of wholesalers
in Buenos Aires exacting enormous profit
margins. Price controls were subsequently
applied by the government. In order to in-
crease fish consumption, the Buenos Aires
Municipality committed itself to construct
fish stands in lower-income neighborhoods
for the sale of fish at ''reasonable" prices.
5. The presentation to the Argentine Con-
gress of an Executive Branch proposal for a
comprehensive law promoting and protecting
all aspects and sectors of the Argentine fish-
ing industry was expected. (United States
Embassy, Buenos Aires, August 20, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 45; De=
cember 1963 p. 54; November 1963 p, 54.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
75
Australia
FACILITIES EXPANDED TO HANDLE
INCREASED TUNA CATCH:
To cope with the growing Australian tuna
catch, a fishermen!'s cooperative in South
Australia is expanding its activities in Vic-
toria and New South Wales. The cooperative's
general manager announced that his organiza-
tion, together with a Melbourne firm, is taking
over a large Melbourne fish cannery. Hesaid
they also would build brine tank fish-holding
facilities at Eden in New South Wales to allow
tuna to be handled in good condition at Eden
and transported to Melbourne for canning.
The Melbourne cannery is capable of freez-
ing 100 metric tons of tuna every 36 hours,
and will hold in cold storage more than 300
tons. Arrangements have also been made
with a public cold-storage plant in Melbourne
to store much larger quantities.
The firms involved will form a subsidiary
company to operate the Melbourne cannery,
handling bluefin tuna from Eden, skipjack
from Victoria, and Victorian-caught ''salmon"'
and barracouta.
=
MULE
_
Stern view of Australian tuna clipper, showing fishing
racks and live-bait tanks. Spotting plane fitted with
floats on top of tanks,
The brine-tank facilities at Eden will have
a capacity of 100 tons. At the end of the New
South Wales season, the tanks, which are mo-
76
Australia (Contd.):
bile, will be transported to Port Lincoln, South
Australia, where they will be used to handle
the increasing tuna catch there. (Australian
Fisheries Newsletter, July 1964.)
KOK KK OK
JOINT VENTURES WITH JAPANESE
IN SHRIMP FARMING AND TUNA FISHING
IN AUSTRALIA CONSIDERED:
The shrimp-rearing methods developed in
Japan impressed fishery officials of the West-
ern Australian State Government when they
visited the island of Shikoku, Japan, in mid-
1964. The Western Australian Minister for
Fisheries said on his return to Australia that
in view of the uncertainty of shrimp stocks at
Shark Bay it might be worthwhile to introduce
shrimp farming to Western Australia.
At Takamatsu on the island of Shikoku, the
Australian officials held discussions with a
Japanese scientist who helped develop the
technique of shrimp culture. The Japanese
scientist said that if it was desired, he could
accept an invitation from the Western Aus-
tralian Government to visit that State to in-
vestigate the possibilities of introducing
shrimp culture. He already has been to Ko-
rea on such a mission. If the project appear -
ed feasible, his company might be prepared
to participate in a joint venture in Australia.
The Australian officials said the artificial
propagationof shrimp, which is largely a se-
cret process, is being undertaken on a com-
mercial basis on the Japanese island of Shiko-
ku. About 100 tons of artificially-reared
shrimp were marketed by the Japanese in
1963.
After hatching, the Japanese cultured
shrimp pass through 17 stages in about 28
days before they assume the appearance of
shrimp. By that time they are from half to
three-quarters of aninch long. At that stage
they are sold to farmers who have ponds on
the coast where the shrimp are reared to
marketable size. The whole process takes
slightly less than a year.
The Australian officials also held discus -
sions with a large Japanese fishing company
concerning the possibility of developing a
joint tuna venture in the Indian Ocean, with
Western Australian capital and Japanese ves-
sels, equipment, and if necessary, experi-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.11
enced fishermen. (Australian Fisheries News-
letter, August 1964.)
ok ok ok ok
SHRIMP FISHERY GOOD IN 1964:
Big shrimp landings were reported during
May and June 1964 in Queensland, northern
New South Wales, and Western Australian wa-
ters. Trawlers operating off Moreton Bay,
Southport, Tweed Heads, and Brunswick Heads
landed about 300,000 pounds of shrimp ina
week.
The manager of the Fishermen's Coopera-
tive at Evans Head reported that their intake
of shrimp for April-May 1964 was 542,842
pounds compared with 229,336 pounds for the
same period in 1963.
The Cooperative's shrimp landings from
June 1, 1963, to May 31, 1964, were 920,468
pounds compared with 1,142,034 pounds in
the previous year. The manager of the Coop-
erative said that this slight drop in produc-
tion was not Significant because in 1962/63
trawlers operating south of Evans Head
brought in large quantities of small shrimp.
During the 1964 season the shrimp were
larger and of better quality. As many as 37
vessels were based on Evans Head for the
shrimp season, he said.
At Shark Bay, in Western Australia, where
the season is later than on the East Coast, a
catch of one million pounds for the season
was forecast.
Most of Australia's large shrimp are ex-
ported to Japan, France, and the United States.
The total shrimp catch in 1963 was 12,614,028
pounds, and exports were worth £479,000
(US$1.1 million). (Australian Fisheries News-
letter, July 1964.)
KK OK KOK
INCREASE IN SCALLOP
EXPORTS PLANNED:
With Australian scallop production in 1963/64 substan-
tially increased by the opening up of new beds in Victoria,
the need to increase scallop exports became apparent. At
the request of the Tasmanian Sea Fisheries Advisory Board,
the Fisheries Branch of Australia's Department of Primary
Industry undertook a survey of possible overseas markets.
Australian Trade Commissioners overseas were asked for
the latest ‘‘on the spot’’ market evaluations, and the infor-
mation they supplied has been incorporated in a full report
to be made available soon.
Preliminary investigations on the export potential of
Australian scallops were reported most encouraging, and
some indication of the general prospects in selected coun-
tries fellows:
November 1964
Australia (Contd.):
France: There has been a rapid expansion in the quantity
of scallop exports from Australia to France in the past two
years. Prospects are excellent for further expansion be-
cause consumption of scallops has increased, and local pro-
duction has not increased at a corresponding rate.
Belgium; Traditionally, Belgium has been supplied by
France, although the increased demand has led Belgium to
look for new sources of supply. The main outlet is the hotel
and restaurant trade where scallops traditionally are an ac-
cepted ‘‘menu item.''
Malaysia: There is a good demand for scallops in the
former territories of Malaya and Singapore. In the past
four years there have been small sales of Australian scal-
lops in that area, and there appears to be some preference
for scallops without roe. There is a considerable demand
in Malaya for sun-dried scallops for use in soups and gra-
vies.
Pacific Islands: A small but useful market for scallops
in the Pacific Islands has existed for some time and generally
is confined to small European communities in the main com-
mercial centers. Australia is the main supplier, and in-
creasing sales appear likely. New Caledonia, with a popu-
lation of 100,000 (predominantly French) offers the best
prospects.
United Kingdom: There is an established consumer de-
mand for scallops in the United Kingdom. The market is
supplied mainly by local producers, supplemented by im-
ports. Supplies from overseas are in greatest demand be-
tween May and August. There is a preference for live in-
shell scallops and fresh scallop meats, but there is a ready
market for frozen scallops with low counts per pound. Com-
monwealth preference arrangements give Australia a good
opportunity to expand this market.
Greece: There is a marked preference for seafoods in
that country. Scallops, although relatively new to Greece,
suit the cooking methods of the inhabitants. Australian scal-
lop were to be featured ata food-tasting exhibition at the
Scalonica International Fair this September, and later on
in Athens.
Hong a In 1963, Hong Kong imported 26,000 pounds
of scallops, but Australia's share in the market was insig-
nificant. Efforts have been made to stimulate sales through
major retail outlets but hotels and restaurants appear to
offer the best prospects. Hong Kong is a popular tourist
resort, and it is expected that the demand for scallops will
increase. Prices appear satisfactory, and Australian scal-
lops are acceptable in Hong Kong.
Kenya: Scallops generally are acceptable as a seafood
in East Africa by the European community. The United
Kingdom was the main source of supply in the past. Frozen
scallops with roe on them are acceptable and the prices
are favorable. It has been suggested that there could be a
good market for frozen scallops with the shells packed sep-
arately and for canned scallops because of lack of refrig-
eration in much of East Africa.
Persian Gulf: The only possible outlets are the small
oil-rich States, notably Bahrein and Kuwait, where the de-
mand is confined to hotels and restaurants. Present imports
are mostly canned scallops from Japan.
West Germany: Scallops are unknown to most West Ger-
mans and consumption is confined to a few gourmets. Sup-
plies are obtained from Canada and Ireland, and there is a
preference for ‘‘roe-on'’ scallops. There appears to be a
possible market for scallop shells for decorative purposes.
Scallop prices quoted appear quite attractive, despite the
13-1/2 percent customs tariff.
United States: The world’s largest producer and consume
of scallops is the United States; the bulk of its supplies is
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77
Estimated Australian Exports of Scallop Meats,
1960/61-1963/64
(Country of Destination |1 64 |1962/63 |1961/62 | 1960/61
. (In Pounds) .
963/
France 651,000 4,500
Pacific Islands 22,000 6,100
Malaysia 5,000 8,500
Other Countries 77,000 900 2,400 900
| ota 255,000] 21,300 | 23,400 | 20,000 |
normally obtained from the local scallop fishery. Some
supplies are received from Canada, Japan and U.S.S.R.
There is a strong preference for ‘‘all-white’’ scallops (scal-
lops without roe). There have been scallop gluts in the past,
which led in 1961 to a major promotional sales campaign.
Small quantities of Australian scallops have been marketed
in the United States.
Lebanon: Scallops have no great appeal to Arab communi-
ties who have conservative food tastes, but there is an estab-
lished market in the tourist hotel and restaurant trade, par-
ticularly in Beirut. Preference is for scallops with roe-on
and no trade barriers exist at present. British and American
armed forces establishments also offer export prospects.
Venezuela: Although scallops have not been imported in
the past by that country, there are prospects for developing
a market in catering and supermarket establishments. Busi-
nessmen have expressed willingness to consider stocking
Australian scallops and developing a regular market. (Aus-
tralian Fisheries Newsletter, August 1964.)
KKK KX
SCALLOP FISHERY EXPANDS:
With a scallop production of more than 5 million pounds
(shell weight) during the 1962/63 season, Australia was the
fifth largest scallop producer in the world, following the
United States, Japan, Canada, and France. In 1963, the United
Fig. 1 = Queensland scallops average six inches in diametere=much
larger than the Tasmanian variety, Uppershell of the Queensland
scallop.
78
Australian (Contd.):
es
"tae
Fig. 2 = A Queensland scallop in its shell, showing the large ad=
ductor muscle or meat of the scallop.
States production of scallop meats was about 20 million pounds;
in 1962 it was nearly 25 million pounds. The 1962 scallop pro-
duction of the other countries was (shell weight basis in mil-
lions of pounds) Japan 22.3, France 13.7, and Canada 13.9, fol-
lowed by Australia with 5.1.
Scallop beds exist in a number of regions in Australia, but
until recently, commercial production was virtually confined
to Tasmania, and to a lesser degree, Queensland. During the
1962/63 season Tasmania produced 90 percent of Australia’s
total production of a little more than 5 million pounds.
The Tasmanian scallop fishery has a long history extend-
ing back before World War I. The greatest expansion was
after World War II when the area fished was extended in 1950
from D’Entrecasteaux Channel, near Hobart, to Coles and
Norfolk Bays, and subsequently to east coast areas such as
Triabunna, Maria Island, St. Helens, and Bicheno.
In 1963 a commercial scallop fishery was established in
Victoria, based on beds in Port Phillip Bay, and it has grown
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.11
| Fig. 3 = A portion of the scallop fishing fleet at the dock in
undaberg, Queensland.
significantly. In July 1964, 90 vessels were dredging for scal-
lops in Port Phillip Bay. In September 1963, only two vessels
were dredging. By February the number of vessels jumped
to 40, reached 51 in May, and 90 in June.
April 1964 was the best month for scallop dredging with
42 vessels landing 16,393 bags, each bag containing between
400 and 600 scallops and yielding 17 to 18 pounds of meats.
Some of the best individual catches in 1964 were at the rate
of 8 to 9 bags an hour (or 4,000 to 4,500 scallops an hour).
The best conditioned scallops were taken off Brighton.
Victoria now produces more than 80 percent of Australia’s
scallop exports which amounted to 755,000 pounds worth about
A#180,000 (US$400,000) for the year ended June 30, 1964.
The Tasmanian scallop fishing season opened on May 14,
1964, and the best results were on east coast beds.
The D’'Entrecasteaux beds, which for many years were the
main source of supply, have declined and because of the poor
quality of the scallops are not being fished.
Interest now is centered on the east coast, from Maria Is-
land to Eddystone Point, where a Tasmanian exploratory fish-
ing vessel has assisted by locating new beds and will continue
to do so. Although fishing activity has been hampered at
times by rough weather, catch rates on east coast beds have
been good, and the scallops are of consistently high quality.
A fleet of 60 vessels is operating in that area, taking scallops
in from 20 to 30 fathoms of water from a clean sea bed.
(Australian Fisheries Newsletter, August 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 87.
oe OK sic ok oe
November 1964
Australia (Contd.):
EXPORTING PET FOOD
TO THE UNITED STATES:
The first Australian export shipment of
pet food (prepared from fishery products) was
loaded in July 1964 at Port Lincoln, South
Australia, for United States delivery. The
300-ton shipment consisted of 25,000 cases
valued at about £50,000 (US$111,100). The
pet food was packed at a Port Lincoln can-
nery. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, Au-
gust 1964.)
KOK OK OK
5 ae FOR OYSTERS PROPOSED:
In Australia, the New South Wales State Department of
Public Health proposes to set bacteriological standards for
the sale of oysters for human consumption, It is hoped that
the new standards will help open new export markets.
For many years, oyster bacteriological standards have
been in effect in various other countries. The main method
of cleansing oysters has been ultraviolet light.
When the New South Wales Oyster Farmers’ Association
was informed of the proposal to establish a bacteriological
standard, it sought information from the British Ministry of
Agriculture on procedures to adopt in cleansing the oysters.
British experts supplied plans and specifications for a mod-
ern ultraviolet treatment plant.
An Australian oyster supply firm built a trial plant on
Georges River to apply the ultraviolet treatment. After three
months of continuous operation, the trial plant was reported
to be performing satisfactorily. Treated oysters conformed
to a bacteriological standard likely to be established. The
treated oysters suffered no impairment of flavor or texture.
Oyster treatment costs worked out at about 10 shillings
(US$1.11) a bag.
While the plant operated, oystermen were invited to in-
spect it; they were shown how it worked and given the plans
and specifications of, the facility.
A newly formed company plans to build another ultraviolet
treatment plant in Sydney, Australia.
The annual New South Wales oyster harvest is in excess
of 12,000,000 pounds (weight with shell) with a value of +1 mil-
lion ($2.2 million), according to reports. (Australian Fish-
eries Newsletter, July 1964.)
Canada
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL
BRITISH COLUMBIA
FISHERIES COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED:
The study of fisheries problems on Can-
ada's west coast will be facilitated by a new
Canadian Federal-Provincial committee which
held its organizational meeting in Nanaimo,
British Columbia, August 19, 1964. The ini-
tial members of the committee are the Deputy
Minister of the British Columbia Department
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79
of Recreation and Conservation and the Depu-
ty Minister of Fisheries for Canada. The
Deputy Ministers will each name two addi-
tional members from Federal and Provincial
agencies to bring the committee to full
strength.
The next meeting of the committee will be
held at Ottawa in early November 1964. A-
mong the problems expected to be brought be-
fore the committee at that meeting are those
of the West Coast oyster industry, the main-
tenance and improvement of salmon spawning
streams in the face of industrial expansion,
and the relationship of sport and commercial
fisheries in British Columbia. (Canadian De-
partment of Fisheries, Pacific Area, August
19, 1964.)
ok ok ok Ok
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL ATLANTIC
FISHERIES COMMITTEE
MEETING IN OTTAWA:
Problems affecting Canada's Atlantic fish-
eries were discussed at the sixth annual meet-
ing of the Canadian Federal-Provincial Atlan-
tic Fisheries Committee, which is made up of
Federal and Provincial deputy ministers with
responsibilities for fisheries in the five Ca-
nadian Atlantic Provinces. The meeting was
opened September 1, 1964, by the Federal
Deputy Minister of Fisheries who stressed the
value of frank exchanges of views in planning
new joint projects.
Subjects discussed at the meeting included
Canada's participation in international con-
servation programs for the Northwest Atlan-
tic; territorial waters and Canada's exclusive
fishing zone; fisheries training and marine
works in the Atlantic provinces; financial as-
sistance and inspection programs; and mar-
keting organizations. Progress reports were
submitted on the proposed Canadian Atlantic
Fishing Trawler Conference, and on programs
for industrial development. The Committee
also received reports from its special sec-
tions dealing with salmon, trout, and oysters.
(Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa,
September 1, 1964.)
*k * *K OK &
NEW CHART OF NOVA SCOTIA
FISHING BANKS:
A new type of Canadian chart~-a fisheries
chart--has been issued by the Canadian Hydro
graphic Service.
80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Canada (Contd.):
The new chart, No. 4041, covers the Atlan-
tic Coast banks of Banquereau and Misaine,
which lie off Nova Scotia between Scatarie
and Sable Islands. It is essentially an accu-
rate detailed picture of the shape and depth
of the sea bottom enabling fishermen to se-
lect the most favorable areas and banks for
fishing. The chart is drawn on a scale of
1:300,000, or about 4 miles to the inch, and
is thus 4 times the scale of previous Canadi-
an charts covering the area.
Through the use of a small contour inter -
val, the new chart helps fishermen pick out
likely areas to fish and avoid those areas
where the bottom is uneven. It illustrates
depths primarily by contour lines. The con-
tours are shown as a solid blue line spaced
at 10-fathom intervals to a depth of 100 fath-
oms; at 20-fathom intervals to 200 fathoms;
and thereafter at every 100 fathoms to a depth
of 1,000 fathoms.
General depths are indicated by three
shades of blue. Depths of less than 10 fath-
oms are shown as a dark blue; the extensive
fishing banks, of between 10 and 50 fathoms
of water, by a medium blue; and the areas
containing over 50 but less than 100 fathoms,
by a light blue.
The new chart is available in two versions:
L(D6)4041, which shows the decea lattice for
the Cabot Strait chain; and 4041-L, which
shows the 3 loran rates covering the area.
Each version is available (price $2.00 each)
either from chart dealers or from the Ma-
rine Distribution Office, Canadian Depart-
ment of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa,
Canada.
Ceylon
PROPOSED GOVERNMENT FISHERIES
CORPORATION MAY LEAD TO
FISHERIES EXPANSION:
A proposal to establish a Government-
managed Fisheries Corporation was reported
in the official Ceylon News-Letter, July 24,
1964. Designed to increase domestic fisher-
ies production, the proposal would also in-
volve a reorganization of the Ceylonese Fish-
eries Department. All commercial fishing
projects of that Department would be trans-
ferred to the Fisheries Corporation.
Vol. 26, No. 11
The functions of the Fisheries Corporation
would be: (1) commercial fishing, including
deep-sea trawling; (2) fish processing, in-
cluding canning and drying, either directly or
through authorized agents; (3) distributing
fish through wholesale and retail markets,
either directly or through authorized agents;
and (4) building and maintaining harbors and
shore facilities including cold-storage plants.
Under the proposed reorganization, the
functions of the Fisheries Department would
be: (1) fisheries regulation under Ceylonese
Fisheries Ordinance; (2) fisheries research;
(3) fisheries extension work; and (4) misced-
laneous Service activities such as adminisr
tration of the vessel loan program, and majin-
tenance of repair facilities and housing form
fishermen.
All the assets of the Fisheries Depart-
ment used or intended for use in commercial
activities would be transferred to the Fish-
eries Corporation. In addition, funds pro-
vided for the commercial activities of the
Fisheries Department for fiscal years 1963/64
and 1964/65 would be transferred to the Cor-
poration. The Corporation would also re-
ceive Rs. 3.5 million (US$736,000) as initial
working capital from the 1964/65 budget of
the Ceylonese Government.
Ceylonese fishermen launch their shallow log raft tep-
pans. ‘ests have proved that these craft, which can slide over
coral and sand reefs and budge ashore on any beach, can catch
more fish if mechanized with outboard engines.
The Fisheries Corporation presumably
would take over certain fishing vessels which
may be delivered by foreign shipyards. Cey-
lon has ordered 5 trawlers from Yugoslavia,
but because of technical difficulties only 1
may actually be purchased. Ceylon is also
trying to buy 10 new tuna fishing vessels a-
broad.
November 1964
Ceylon (Contd.):
Ceylonese fishery imports, valued at about
Rs. 61 million ($12.8 million) in 1963, area
drain on the country's foreign exchange. That
provides a strong incentive to increase do-
mestic fishery landings. The Fisheries Cor-
poration was still in the planning stage when
it was mentioned in the Ceylon News-Letter.
However, in September 1964 the Ceylonese
Minister of Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries
was reported to be seeking Cabinet authority
for the establishment of the Fisheries Cor-
poration under the State Industrial Corpora-
tion Act. If established as planned, it may be
necessary for the Fisheries Corporation to
obtain advisors from abroad. (United States
Embassy, Colombo, September 15, 1964.)
Colombia
FISHERIES TRENDS AND POTENTIAL:
Colombia has access to abundant fishery
resources in both the Caribbean Sea and Pa-
cific Ocean, but has not been able to harvest
enough fish to meet its domestic require-
ments. The reasons have been the lack of
modern fishing vessels and adequate shore-
processing facilities.
The greatest potential for Colombia's com-
mercial fishery is in the waters off the Pacif-
ic coast. The Humboldt Current, which pro-
duces the environment for the rich Peruvian
fishing grounds, is found 200 miles off the
coast of Colombia. The intermingling of that
cold stream with the warm tropical waters
provides an excellent habitat for tuna. Ex-
tensive shrimp grounds and large quantities
of spiny lobster are found closer to land. The
Caribbean fishery harvests a wide variety of
tropical fish species such as the snook, snap-
per, needlefish, yellowfin, shrimp, and sar-
dines.
Colombia has a total of 102 fishing vessels
operating on both oceans. The Pacific fleet
consists of 53 shrimp vessels and 5 tuna ves-
sels and the Atlantic fleet of 43 general-pur-
pose ships and one shrimp vessel. They are
mostly ancient wooden vessels, and both equip-
ment and fishing methods are obsolete.
There are fish-processing plants on both
coasts with a concentration of three canneries
near the Caribbean ports of Barranquilla and
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
81
a : soos
£5 Pa
In Colombia fish are transported to Barranquilla for marketing by
canoe down the Magdalena River.
Santa Marta. They process yellowfin, bonito,
albacore tuna, and sardines. Plants on the
Pacific coast at Buenaventura and Tumaco
process tuna, shrimp, and spiny lobster.
Fresh fish are sold locally on the coast and
iced fish are flown inland and sold as a luxury
item in the cities. The only fish meal pro-
duced in Colombia is from the waste of can-
ning operations, as the underequipped fishing
fleets are able to supply just enough fish to
keep the canneries at half capacity.
The price of fresh fish in Colombia's in-
land cities is often double that of beef and
other fresh meats. Since the fishing industry
enjoys absolute protection from imports, a
large internal market could be developed for
frozen fishery products if prices were com-
petitive with those of fresh meat. Surface
transportation with refrigeration facilities
would probably mean a greater demand.
There are freezing facilities already at some
of the shore locations, but those were not be-
ing used.
Both government and private interests
have been looking for a way of increasing the
country's fishery catches. The vessels be-
ing used are usually owner-operated and in-
efficient, but steel vessels under coordinated
management, using electronic techniques and
with up-to-date equipment and refrigerated
storage, could increase landings significant-
ly.
The Colombian Government has declared
the fisheries a basic industry, and has grant-
ed tax waivers to fisheries firms. In April
1963, the Second National Fisheries Congress
drew up a ten-point program for developing
the fishing industry. Its main purpose was to
provide a basis for a new Department of Fish-
82
Colombia (Contd.):
eries, but it also recommended the extension
of territorial waters to 200 miles and the re-
striction of fishing within this area to Colom-
bian vessels. Fishing cooperatives and gov-
ernment credit facilities were also recom-
mended.
It was reported that Colombian fishing
companies would welcome joint ventures to
provide capital and technical assistance, and
Japan has already provided a vessel for fish-
eries research on the Pacific coast. Also,
Colombian shipbuilders were said to be in-
terested in forming licensing arrangements
with foreign companies for building new types
of fishing vessels and importing modern fish
ing gear. The types of vessels needed are in
the 50- to 70-foot class, equipped for shrimp
fishing, long-lining for tuna, and trawling for
sardines and small fish. In line with the Co-
lombian policy of national development, the
import of complete vessels would not be per-
mitted. Construction and assembly of com-
ponent vessel parts in local shipyards would
be a primary requirement for any firm wish-
ing to supply equipment.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol 26, No. 11
ports (particularly of fresh and frozen shell-
fish), indicate that the Colombian fishing in-
dustry is entering a dynamic phase of develop-
ment and may soon become an important seg-
ment of that country's economy. (Department
of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, August 22,
1964.)
Cuba
CATCH AND FISHING FLEET EXPANDED:
Cuba’s fisheries are expanding in the direction of state-
operated fishing fleets, according to an official Cuban re-
port. Those fleets include large trawlers, long-line tuna
vessels, and other vessels capable of high-seas operations.
In 1963, the state-operated fisheries produced a catch of
12,112 metric tons or about 30 percent of Cuba’s total fish-
ery landings. In 1962, the initial year those fisheries were
operated by the state, production was 2,558 tons or about
7 percent of total production.
Traditionally, the Cuban fishing fleet has been limited to
coastal waters with the exception of a few old schooners.
The majority of Cuba’s 12,000 fishermen still operate their
small craft in coastal waters and the Cuban Government has
organized them into fishery cooperatives. Most of the Cu-
ban fishery catch is taken by their 3,800 small boats (under
100 gross tons).
Colombia exported practically no fishery
products before 1949, and in 1962 shipped
942 metric tons to the United States out of a
total catch of 42,500 metric tons. Exports
now consist mainly of frozen or iced shrimp
for the United States market.
The Latin American Free Trade Area
(LAFTA) also presents a potential export
market for Colombian fishery products. How-
ever, mostof the LAFTA countries have fish-
eries equal to those of Colombia, so export
success could depend on having facilities for
packaging and shipping frozen products.
Colombia's natural resources, coupled with
a large local market and possibilities for ex-
Cuba’s state-operated fishing fleet consists of 22 vessels:
(1) 5 tuna vessels of 350 gross tons which were built in
Japan; (2) 15 trawlers (742-gross-ton refrigerated stern
trawlers built in East Germany but supplied by the U.S.S.R.);
Cuban’ Marine Fish Landings by Type of Fishery, 1960-1963
a
.(Metric Tons),
25,400 | 27,891 | 22,361 | 22,341
Coastal 1/
Offshore;
13,624
3,089
6,374
1,606
4,772
3,298
4,449
3,735
Trawlers
Long-liners 2/
Cubans.
November 1964
Cuba (Contd.):
and (3) 2 trawlers (medium-size types built in Poland). Ten
of the refrigerated stern trawlers still belong to the U.S.S.R.
and are used to train Cuban crews. In addition, wooden fish-
ing boats of the Lambda class (97 gross tons) and smaller
are included in the production of state-operated fisheries.
Tuna long-lining is conducted throughout the Caribbean and
off Brazil; trawling is conducted in the North Atlantic be-
tween 32° and 43° N, latitude off the Middle Atlantic States
and on the Campeche Bank. (Las Pesquerias Cubanas,
February 1964.)
NEW FISHERIES ATTACHE APPOINTED
FOR U.S. AND CANADA:
The position as Danish Fisheries Attache
for the United States and Canada, with head-
quarters in New York City at the Consulate
General of Denmark, was filled about Novem-
ber 1, 1964. The position had been vacant
since April 1963. The new Fisheries Attache,
Erling Hulgaard, was chosen for the post by
Denmark's Ministry of Fisheries. His pri-
mary duties will be to increase the sale of
Danish fishery products in the United States
and Canada. (Regional Fisheries Attache for
Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen,
September 3, 1964.)
E
SHIPYARDS RECEIVE ORDERS FROM
SOVIETS FOR FISHERY FACTORYSHIPS
AND FROM SOUTH KOREA
FOR TRAWLERS:
An order for three modern fishery factory-
ships costing a total of US$20.4 million was
received in mid-1964 by a shipyard in Nantes,
France, from the U.S.S.R. for the Soviet fish-
ing industry.
Denmark
France
Each vessel is to be specially equipped for
fishing and processing sardines and herring
and will have a daily productien capacity of
100,000 cans on a 12-hours-a-day basis. The
cans will be stocked in separate holds with a
total capacity of 70,600 cubic feet (space for
4,750,000 cans).
frozen and stocked in a special 26,000-cubic-
foot hold. The vessels will also,make fish oil
and fish meal.
Another order obtained by French ship-
builders at Le Havre is for 48 trawlers des-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
The fish in bulk will be deep-
83
tined for South Korea. Another order from
South Korea calls for 7 tuna vessels, 3 trawl-
ers, and 1 refrigerated vessel.
It was reported that out of 88 vessels com-
pleted by French shipyards in 1963, 47 were
fishing vessels. During the same year, 42
fishing vessels were launched in France out
of a total of 86, and among the 88 keels laid,
39 were for fishing vessels. (Fish Trades Ga-
zette, August 8, 1964.) ry
‘ire
German Federal Republic
NEW FISH-GUTTING MACHINE
OFFERED BY FIRM:
A new fish-gutting and beheading machine
is being marketed by a West German manu-
facturer of fish-processing machinery. The
new machine is said to be able to handle ocean
perch ranging in length from 12 to 22 inches
and various other groundfish ranging in length
from 14 to 31 inches. The new machine can
be adjusted to handle between 25 and 40 fish
per minute. It requires only one attendant;
his job is to place fish on an infeed conveyor.
The machine then automatically heads and
guts the fish, removes entrails, and cleans
the belly cavity of the fish. The headed and
gutted fish leave the machine on an automatic
conveyor.
Fig. 1 - A new fish-gutting and beheading machine marketed by
a West German manufacturer,
The machine works ina straight line. Its
approximate dimensions are length 15 feet,
10 inches; width 3 feet, 7 inches; and maximum
height 5 feet, 4 inches. The housings and the
frame of the machine are designed to allow an
offal conveyor to be placed underneath. The
power requirements of the machine are 3 kilo-
watts. x
84
German Federal Republic (Contd.):
Fig. 2 = Design of the base of the new fish-gutting machine al-
lows for a conveyor to be placed underneath the machine for
removal of the offal. The handle on the left hand side permits
the tilting and lifting of the upper assembly for better access to
the cutting tools for maintenance and cleaning.
The machine is built for heavy duty use,
particularly on board fishing vessels. The
first production model of the new machine is
now in use aboard a German trawler.
Ghana
TECHNICAL FISHERIES
ASSISTANCE BY SOVIETS:
The Soviet Union was reported planning to
send specialists to Ghana to study the eco-
nomics of the construction of a fishing harbor
in Miemia, and improvement of fishing har-
bors at Takoradi and Elmina.
The Soviets also planned to send a floating
drydock to Ghana for use in repairing their
trawlers operating there. In December 1963,
10 of the 17 large trawlers operating off Ghana
were reported to be of Soviet registry.
A total of 118 Ghanaian students has al-
ready been sent to the Soviet Union for train-
ing in fisheries. It was believed they would
remain there for 3 to 4 years as they have to
learn the language before their fisheries
training begins.
A fish cannery was reported being built in
Ghana by the Soviets this past summer, and
that ground for it had already been broken.
(Fishery Attache, United States Embassy,
Abidjan, August 13, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 54,
PEE
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
Greece
ATLANTIC FREEZER-TRAWLER
FISHERY TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964:
During June 1964, a total of 6 Greek freezer-trawlers and
1 refrigerated transport vessel returned from Atlantic opera-
tions to home ports with 2,343 metric tons of frozen fish as
compared with 1,700 tons of frozen fish delivered in June 1963
by 4 freezer-trawlers and 3 refrigerated vessels.
In January-June 1964, the Greek fleet of freezer-trawlers
and carrier vessels operating in the Atlantic landed 9,650 tons
of frozen fish in Greek ports, up only 2.7 percent from land-
ings of 9,395 tons in the same period of 1963. In the first half
of 1962, the Greek Atlantic fleet delivered 7,481 tons of frozen
fish,
Although the total landings in January-June 1964 showed a
small gain, average landings by individual vessels were down
somewhat from the previous year. (The gain in Atlantic fro-
zen fish landings did not keep pace with the expansion of the
Atlantic fleet.) The drop in average landings in 1964 was at-
tributed to a decline in the catch on fishing grounds off Mauri-
tania. In early July 1964, the Greek Atlantic refrigerated fish-
ing fleet (trawlers and transports) included 34 units of which
21 were on active service and 13 were undergoing repair and
reconstruction.
In regard to Government policy affecting Greek Atlantic
freezer-trawler operations, the Union of Hellenic Overseas
Fishing Enterprises has submitted a detailed memorandum to
the Greek Minister of Industry. The memorandum points out
that a Greek fleet of 23 active freezer-trawlers could be ex-
pected under normal conditions to produce annual landings of
26,000 tons of frozen fish with a value of Dr.300 million
(US$10 million), The memorandum then called for the ‘‘cre-
ation of competitive conditions’’ for the Atlantic freezer-
trawlers. Among other things, it asked for a reduction in the
interest rate on fishery loans by Greek commercial banks, It
was stated that charges on Greek fishery loans were consid-
erably above average rates in the European Common Market.
In the field of marketing, the memorandum referred to the
general management of market price control at the Greek
Trade Ministry and requested that domestic frozen fish land-
ings be placed on a competitive basis with imported frozen
fish. (Alieia, July 1964.)
Greenland
12-MILE FISHING LIMITS MODIFIED
TO CONTINUE CERTAIN HISTORIC
FISHING RIGHTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES:
When Greenland's fishing limits were ex-
tended from 3 to 12 miles on June 1, 1963,
certain concessions were made to the historic
fishing rights of France, Iceland, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and West
Germany. Permission has now been granted
to fishing vessels registered in those coun-
tries to fish with long lines and hand lines and
to transfer catches up to Greenland's 3-mile
limit until October 31, 1968 (Decree 227 is-
sued by the Danish Ministry for Greenland,
July 3, 1964). This represents a 5-year ex-
tension of a concession originally granted by
Danish Ministry For Greenland Announcement
Number 193, May 27, 1963. (Regional Fisher -
November 1964
Greenland (Contd.):
ies Attache for Europe, United States Embas-
sy, Copenhagen, August 12, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 88.
HALIBUT FISHERY TRENDS, 1963:
SS EE ee
Landings of Greenland halibut in 1963, handled by the Royal
Greenland Trading Department (RGTD), totaled 1,906 metric
tons as compared with 1,302 tons in 1962. Except for inci-
dental catches in shrimp trawls, Greenland halibut are taken
mainly by long line in\clay bottoms, often in fjords with gla-
ciers. In winter the long-line fishery is conducted through
the ice.
The greater part of the Greenland halibut catch is from
the Jakobshavn district which in 1963 accounted for about
half the total landings of that species. Most of the halibut
catch is handled by the government RGTD which processes
it as frozen fillets and salted halibut. Since 1962, more of
the halibut catch has been frozen than salted.
Salted Greenland halibut is sliced thinly, colored a salmon
shade, lightly smoked, canned in oil and marketed as ‘‘solaks’’
Table 1 - Greenland Halibut Landings for RGTD
by District, 1963
Summer Winter
nas ae ee ea
hg ane (MetrietToneys,65-'.. . |
Julianehaab....| 4.8
© si'eHereite 25.5
36.5
es 12.7
Sukkertoppen 45.6
Holsteinsborg - - 22.3
Egedesminde ..- 6.4
Christianshaab . 50.3
Jakobshavn .-.--]| 630.0
ale: wer we, 138.6
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85
Table 2 - Greenland Halibut (Frozen Fillets and Salted)
H Exports by RGTD, 1963
Type and Countr,
Metric
Tons
Kroner | US$
202 661,934] 95,980
164 406,311] 58,915
United States { 58 227,734 | 33,021
West Germany and Sweden 46 127,698 | 18,517
Frozen halibut fillets:
Note: Values converted on basis of one Danish krone equals US$0. 145.
Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen.
(sea salmon), an imitation smoked salmon. It is reported
that only the salted product takes color well. However, the
demand has been growing for frozen Greenland halibut that
is sliced and uncolored, lightly smoked, and packed in film
bags. The United States market for frozen halibut fillets also
is being tested. Belgian buyers favor Greenland halibut that
is cut to their own specifications. (Regional Fisheries Attache
for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 26,
1964.)
* ok ok ok Ok
SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS, 1963-1964:
a
Greenland’s shrimp fishery is its second most important
fishery, accounting for 7 percent of the total fishery catch in
1962 and 8 percent in 1963, Its steady growth enabled it to
surpass the declining ocean catfish fishery in 1962 and 1963,
Shrimp are caught entirely by trawls with a mesh of about
20-22 mm. (25/32 to 55/64 inches) knot to knot, on smooth
bottoms in depths of 656 to 1,640 feet, mainly in Disko Bay
by 15-30 ton cutters with 60-hp. engines. Significant quan-
tities of Greenland halibut and ocean perch are caught with
the shrimp. In 1963, the districts of Christianshaab and
Jakobshavn accounted for about 70 percent of the total
shrimp landings. Shrimp are caught only from May to No-
vember in Disko Bay because of ice during the winter. But
in Southwest Greenland the boats usually can fish all winter
by shifting grounds,
Table 1 - Greenland Shrimp Catch by District and RGTD
Utilization, 1963
Processed Shrimp
Frozen
Catch | Canned 1/ Jars | peeled 2/
. - (Number)...
District
552,300
2,452,100
| 3,360 | 3,654,400 | 936,000
A/Includes 1.4 million units of machine-peeled shrimp in 2.5- to 7-ounce eans, and
about 160,000 units of -peeled shrimp in 7-ounce cans.
| 2/Packed in containers from ounces to 6.6 pounds.
te: Contents of cans and jafs--80 grams (23-24 ounces).
Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen.
86
Greenland (Contd.):
Biologists state that overfishing apparently is not a prob-
lem in the Greenland shrimp fishery because the trawling
grounds are limited compared to the presently unfishable
areas in the fjords and along the coasts which would repopu-
late depleted grounds. Disko Bay trawling grounds are sur-
rounded by very large areas which are not fished. In 1961,
trawlers in Disko Bay averaged 880 kilos (1,940 pounds) per
day for most of the year. This year (1964) they have been
limited to about 300 kilos (661 pounds) per day because of
limited plant capacity on shore.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.11
pounds) an hour, getting about a 25-percent yield. Hand pack-
ers average about 100 glass jars an hour and about the same
rate for labeled cans of the same size (2-1/2-2-3/4 ounces).
The shrimp are packed evenly in alignment on the bottom
and sides of the containers. The brine added contains 1 per-
cent citric acid, 4 percent salt, and 2 percent sugar, but no
monosodium glutamate. The jars are vacuum-sealed but not
the cans, The cans are packed 48 to a fiberboard carton. A
carton contains 12 jars with 4 cartons to a master container.
The overall yield from raw shrimp to canned product is
about 20 percent,
Table 2 - Greenland Shrimp Catch and RGTD Utilization, 1955-63
1/All peeled except for 30 tons in shell in 1963
2/Number of cans and jars is given in terms of various sizes converted to 80 gram (25-
3/Not available.
Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen.
The 1963 shrimp catch was canned and frozen in plants op-
erated by the Royal Greenland Trade Department (RGTD), a
part of the Ministry of Greenland, in about equal proportions.
Three-year old shrimp may be used by the canneries and
freezers but the larger 4- and 5-year old shrimp are pre-
ferred. Older year classes are infrequent.
At a typical modern shrimp processing plant in Christian-
shaab, shrimp trawlers land their catches (90-140 count per
pound), only a few hours old and not iced, in 20-kilo (44
pound) boxes. Sorting machines separate the sizes over 6
grams (0.2 oz.) for hand peeling and those between 3 and 6
grams (0.1-0.2 oz.) for machine peeling in United States-
built equipment. The former size is cooked and hand-peeled
as quickly as possible whereas the latter usually is iced and
held for easier machine peeling, uncooked, after storage.
For hand peeling, the shrimp are cooked 3-1/2 minutes (au-
tomatically timed) in boiling water with 2 percent salt added.
Female peelers average about 2 to 2-1/2 kilos (4.4 to 5.5
Total cans
& jars
3,004,400
3,654,400
2,882,000
2,271,000
1,306,200
963,700
1,025,000
800,910
981,300 1,065,300
to 23-ounce) size.
The iced shrimp for machine peeling may be stored for
two days and then blanched with live steam on the feeder
board of the machine which averages about 250 kilos (550
pounds) of raw shrimp an hour with a yield of 12-18 percent,
The yield from raw shrimp to the canned product is about 15
percent which could be increased to 16 percent or more, For
use as frozen shrimp the yield is about 20 percent. (Another
plant reported 22-23 percent for hand-peeled shrimp). The
cans of machine-peeled shrimp are filled by ‘‘throw’’ filling
(2-1/2-4-1/2 ounces), filled with a similar brine containing
MSG, and sealed without a vacuum,
At the typical plant in Christianshaab, hand-peeled canned
shrimp are cooked one hour at 105° C. (221° F.), machine-
peeled at the sare temperature but for 1-1/2 hours because
of the storage time before processing. At some other plants,
hand-peeled shrimp are packed in 100-gram (about 3.5-
ounce) and one-pound film bags and vacuum-sealed before
freezing.
Table.3 - Frozen Peeled Shrimp Sold by RGTD in 1963
Table 4 - Canned and Preserved Shrimp Sold by RGTD in 1963
Country
United Kingdom...
Denmark 2.62002 -2ee+08
and the Senate on Oct. 3, 1964, adopted
H.J. Res. 1192, providing for the convening of the 89th
Congress on January 4, 1965.
ALASKA DISASTER RELIEF: On September 30,
1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate, reviewing
the accomplishments thus far attained in Alaska since
the earthquake disaster of last March. In his remarks
he inserted portions of the reports from the Federal
Reconstruction and Development Commission of Alaska
and the Office of Emergency Planning (Congressional
Record, pp. 22487-22495),
ALASKA EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE: On September
16, 1964, Congressman Rivers spoke in the House and
inserted in the Appendix of that day's Congressional
Record (pp. A4709-A4711), the text of a speech by Alas-
ka's Governor to the convention of the Alaska Associ-
ation of Realtors at Anchorage on September 10, 1964.
The speech outlined accomplishments thus far attained
in Alaska to overcome the earthquake disaster of March
1964.
ALASKA SALMON: Senator Bartlett on September
29, 1964, Spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's
For pressional Record (pp. 22304-22305) an article by
the Director of the Fisheries Research Institute of the
University of Washington College of Fisheries which
November 1964
appeared in the September 1964 issue of the Pacific
Fisherman. The article titled ' ‘Prospects for Alaska
Salmon: Let Me Be an Optimist" discusses salmon
resources, most of the salmon problems, and what can
be done in view of the future.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESOURCES SURVEY:
S. Rep urvey of Marine and Fresh-Water Com-
mercial Fisheries Caron 18, 1964; report from the
Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th
Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S.J. Res. 174),
17 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage
(with amendments) of S.J. Res. 174, to authorize and di-
rect the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to conduct a
survey of the marine and fresh-water commercial fish-
ery resources of the United States, its territories, and
possessions. The bill would obtain, through a compre-
hensive survey by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
information and data on marine and fresh-water re-
sources, existing and potential, which will enable the
commercial fishery industries of the United States to
meet the need for their distinctive protein-rich food
products, for byproducts required by expanding indus -
trial uses, and, in the event of national emergency, for
such vessels and manpower as may be necessary or
useful to our maritime defense. Such a survey also is
needed so the Congress may legislate properly and —
wisely on matters pertaining to the development, utili-
zation, and conservation of these valuable resources,
many of which presently are threatened with serious
depletion. Contains the purpose, historical background,
and an analysis of the resolution; also agency comments.
FISHING INDUSTRY PROBLEMS: On September 24,
1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate and inserted
in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 22092-22093)
an address by the director of the fishery products pro-
gram, National Canners Association, delivered at the
23rd Annual Meeting of the Atlantic States Marine Fish-
eries Commission. The address discussed the problems
facing the American fishing industry.
FISHERY LEGISLATION: On October 2, 1964, Sen-
ator Bartlett spoke in the Senate inserting in that day's
Congressional Record (p. 22748) a speech delivered at
th atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission on
September 22 by H. E. Crowther, Deputy Director, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries. The speech was titled
"Significant Fishery Legislation of the 88th Congress."
FOOD-FOR-PEACE, AND FISH: On September 14,
1964, Senate resumed consideration of H.R. 11380, to
amend further the Foreign Assistance Act | of 1961, as
amended, and for other purposes. Senate on September
17, 1964, debated H.R. 11380. On September 24, 1964,
Senate passed, with amendments, H.R. 11380. Senate
insisted on its amendments, asked for a conference
with House, and appointed conferees. Authorizes appro-
priations of $50 million for purchase of domestically-
produced beef, poultry, and other meats, and meat pro-
ducts, dairy products, rice, and other high-protein foods
which are in adequate supply in the United States for
donation to school lunch and similar programs in for-
eign countries eligible for assistance under the bill.
Senator McGovern stated that "other high protein foods"
would include fish and fish products.
On September 28, 1964, the Senate received the Pres-
ident's communication transmitting supplemental mate-
rial to be included with the 20th semiannual report on
activities carried on under P,L. 480, 83rd Congress,
outlining operations under the Act for the period of Jan-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
121
uary 1-June 30, 1964, Referred to the Senate Commit-
tee on Agriculture and Forestry.
On September 30, 1964, objection was made in the
House to a unanimous-consent request to send to con-
ference H.R. 11380, fiscal year 1965 authorizations for
the foreign aid program. The Committee on Rules re-
ported (Rept. 1922) a Res. 895, providing for sending
to conference H. R.
On October 1, 1964, the House by a voice vote a-
dopted H.Res. 895, providing for sending to conference
H.R. 11380, fiscal 1965 authorizations for the foreign
aid program. On same day the conference report
(Rept. 1925) was filed. H.R. 11380 was signed by the
President October 7, 1964 (P.L, 88-633). As approved,
the bill does not include the Senate amendment author-
izing an additional appropriation of $50,000,000 to be
used to donate domestically-produced meat and other
protein foods to school lunch programs abroad.
On September 16-17, 1964, the Senate and House met
in executive session to resolve the differences between
the Senate- and House-passed versions of S. 2687, ex-
tending for 2 years the Agricultural Trade Dev lopment
and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480) but did not reach
a final agreement.
On September 22, 1964, conferees filed a conference
report (H. Rept. 1897) on S. 2687.
H. Rept. 1897, Public Law 480 Extension (September
22, 1964, report from the Committee on Conference,
House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session,
toaccompany S. 2687), 8 pp., printed. Contains Commit-
tee recommendations on an amendment to S. 2687, to
extend the Agricultural Trade Development and Assis-
tance Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes;
also a statement of managers on the part of the House.
The Conference Report extended the Authorization for
Titles I andII of the Act (P.L. 480) for a 2-year period,
and approved an authorization of $2.7 billionplus carry-
over of unused funds from past years, for Title I activi-
ties for the 2-year period. The House-passed version
of the bill had authorized a 3-year extension for Titles
I and II, with an authorization of $4 billion plus carry-
over for Title I programs for the 3-year period. Fish-
ery products are included under Title I.
On Sept. 23, 1964, the House adopted the conference
report on S. 2687, and sent the legislation to the Senate.
The Senate debated the conference report and agreed
to vote on September 24, 1964, on a motion to refer the
conference report to the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions for hearings and study. Senate on September 24,
1964, adopted conference report on S. 2687, clearing
bill for the President's signature. On October 8, 1964,
S. 2687 was signed by the President (P.L. 88 -638).
On October 3, 1964, Senator McGovern spoke in the
Senate stating that Peace Director Richard W. Reuter
told the American Soybean Association recently that
"food for peace is coming closer to a moment of truth"
when we must decide if we are going to produce food-
stuffs for foreign assistance programs or terminate
the programs because our surpluses have been liqui-
dated. The address ("Public Law 480: Surplus Disposal
Is Not Enough") was ordered printed in the "Congres -
sional Record" of October 15, 1964 (pp. A5330- e331).
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE APPRO-
PRIATIONS, n "September 3, 1964, House
agreed to ciifevence: report, and on same day Senate
.
122
adopted conference report (H. Rept. 1880), and con-
curred in House amendments to Senate amendments on
H.R. 10809, fiscal year 1965 appropriations for the De-
partments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare,
and related agencies. Bill was cleared for the Presi-
dent's signature. H.R. 10809 signed by President on
September 19, 1964 (P.L. 88-605). Under Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare provides funds for
water supply and pollution control; for special investi-
gation of water pollution in lower Mississippi where
large fish kills have occurred; the Public Health Serv-
ice's two new laboratories for shellfish sanitation meas -
ures; shellfish sanitation and certification; the Food and
Drug Administration's botulism research.
NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT: On October}
2, 1964, Senator Morse spoke in the Senate proposing
that all Federal programs primarily intended for the
management of the Nation's natural resources be brought
together in a single Department of Natural Resources.
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION: It was
announced on September 14, 1964, that the President
pro tempore appointed Senators Bartlett and Fong to
attend the third round in a series of talks between Can-
ada, Japan, and the United States on the International
Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pa-
cific Ocean, which opened in Ottawa, September 9, 1964.
PASSAMAQUODDY TIDAL POWER PROJECT: Pas-
samaquoddy-St . John (Hearing before a Subcommittee
of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate,
88th Congress, 2nd Session, on S. 2573), 136 pp., printed
Contains hearing held August 12, 1964, on S. 2573, to
authorize the International Passamaquoddy Tidal Power
Project, including Hydroelectric Power Development
of the Upper St. John River, and for other purposes.
The project envisions the use of the power potential of
the tides of Passamaquoddy Bay and the flows of the
Saint John River in the State of Maine and the Province
of New Brunswick for promoting economic development
and providing flood control. Hearing was limited to
consideration of the technical studies completed by the
Department of the Interior and the U. S. Corps of Engi-
neers. The presiding Senator pointed out that in the
next Congress, it is planned to expand the hearings for
comments by other Government departments and to
hear public witnesses. Contains statements from the
Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of the Army;
the text of the bill; the supplemental report of the Pas-
Samaquoddy-Saint John River Study Committee to the
Secretary of the Interior, dated August 3, 1964, together
with introductory remarks of the Department of the In-
terior.
PESTICIDES: On September 14, 1964, Congressman
Cunningham spoke in the House and inserted in the Ap-
pendix of that day's Congressional Record (pp. A4687-
A4688) an article from the July issue of the publication
Farm Chemicals entitled|''Pesticides and Scare Cam-
paigns.” The article traces the various campaigns a-
gainst pesticides dating back to 1900.
RADIATON PRESERVATION OF FISH: On Septem-
ber 22, 1964, Senator Mundt spoke in the Senate and
inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 21787-
21791) an address by the Gece of the Donner Labo-
ratory and Donner Pavilion at the University of Cali-
fornia, entitled "Atomic Energy, Science, and Educa-
tion."' In the address it was mentioned that one of the
current Atomic Energy Commission studies is con-
cerned with the radiation preservation of fish.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
Senator Saltonstall on September 28, 1964, spoke in
the Senate and inserted in that day's Congressional Rec-
ord (p. 2257) an article entitled ''Eerie Biue Lights--A
Revolution in Seafoods''from the Boston Globe, which
commented on the dedication of the Atomic Energy Com-
mission's new experimental laboratory for the radiation
of marine products in Gloucester, Mass. The labora-
tory is to experiment with the preservation of fish and
shellfish products.
SALMON CANNING: On September 28, 1964, Senator
Bartlett spoke in the senate concerning salmon canning
and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp.
22250-22252) an article from fe September 1964 Pacific
Fisherman titled ''One Hundred Years of Growth in
Salmon Canning."
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: Sup-
plemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Hearings before —
Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations,
House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session).
Part 1, 506 pp., printed; Part 2, 181 pp., printed. Con-
tains hearings held August 10-17, 1964, on supplemental
appropriations for fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and
for other purposes for various agencies. Includes tes-
timony, statements, communications, and reports from
various Federal agencies and their officials and Con-
gressmen. Under the Interior Department are included
supplemental funds for the Fish and Wildlife Service's
two Bureaus--Commercial Fisheries, and Sport Fish-
eries and Wildlife. For the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries an increase of $25,000 in order to meet the
increased administrative expenses for loan program
activity due to the Alaska earthquake and tidal wave in
March 1964. Enactment of Commercial Fisheries Re-
search and Development Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-309) au-
thorizes the Secretary to make loans from available
funds to commercial fishermen for chartering vessels
until June 30, 1966. This will provide immediate re-
lief pending reconstruction of the Alaskan commercial
fishing fleet. Presently available for administrative
expenses of the Fisheries Loan Fund in 1965 is $302,000,
an increase of $25,000. Contains statements, budget
summaries, and estimates. Also, for the Bureau of
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife an increase of $1,050,000
(presently available for 1965 is $33,810,000), $900,000
of which is for the administration of wildlife resources
activity, and $150,000 is for pesticide research activity
(to review referrals from the Department of Agricul-
ture of applications for label registration of chemicals
under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act; review will determine the actual or potential
hazards to fish and wildlife from the proposed use of a
chemical; and to assist and advise the Food and Drug
Administration in establishing tolerances).
The Supplemental Appropriations Bill, 1965 (Hear-
ings before the Committee on Appropriations, United
States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session onH.R. 12633),
822 pp., printed. Contains hearings held August 14,
1964-September 24, 1964, on H.R. 12633, an act making
appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965,
and for other purposes. Includes text of the bill, testi-
mony, statements, communications, and reports from
various Federal agencies and their officials, as well
as Representatives and Senators, and State and other
officials. Under the Department of the Interior there
are additional funds for the two Bureaus of the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. For the Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries there is an increase of $25,000 in the
limitation of $277,000 for fiscal year 1965 on adminis-
trative expenses for the fisheries vessel loan fund. The
additional amount is needed because of the additional
November 1964
loan workload raised by the March 1964 earthquake and
tidal wave. In addition, included was a request for $3
million for a fishing vessel construction differential
subsidy program. For the Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife there is a supplemental appropriation of
$1,050,000 of which $900,000 is to replace a permanent
appropriation. Also $700,000 in construction funds for
rehabilitation of facilities which have been damaged by
floods.
On September 17, 1964, H.R. 12633 was reported to
the House (H. Rept. 1891). .
H. Rept. 1891, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965
(September i7, 1964, report from ae Committee on Ap-
propriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress,
2nd Session, to accompany H.R, 12633), 33 pp., printed.
To make supplemental appropriations for fiscal year
1965 for various departments and agencies.
On September 22, 1964, House passed H.R, 12633 by
a record vote of 208 yeas to 103 nays. ~
The Senate Committee on Appropriations on Septem-
ber 22, 1964, held hearings on H.R, 12633. It received
testimony from the Deputy Director of the U. S. Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries on funds for the fishing vessel
construction subsidy program under P,L, 88-498. On
September 24, 1964, Senate Committee on Appropria-
tions concluded its hearings on H.R, 12633.
On September 29, 1964, the Senate Committee on Ap-
propriations reported (S. Rept. 1604), with amendments,
H.R, 12633.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: S.
Rept. 1604, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Sep-
tember 295, ioe epora from ac Committee on Appro-
priations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Ses-
sion, to accompany H.R. 12633), 47 pp., printed. The
committee recommended supplemental appropriations
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other
purposes. Bill was reported to the Senate with amend-
ments. Contains the Committee's recommendations for
supplemental fund for various Federal agencies. Under
the Department of the Interior there are additional funds
for the two Bureaus of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice: Commercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and
Wildlife.
On October 1, 1964, the Senate passed H.R, 12633,
making supplemental appropriations for fiscal year
1965. The Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for
a conference with the House, and appointed conferees.
The House agreed to the conference and appointed con-
ferees. On October 2, 1964, the Conference Report (H.
Rept. 1928) on H.R. 12633 was filed and it was adopted
y the House and Senate.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: H.
Rept. 1928, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Oc-
tober 2, 1964, report from ee Pecan of Conference
House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session,
to accompany H.R. 12633), 10 pp., printed. The Com-
mittee recommended that the Senate recede from cer-
tain of its amendments and that the House recede from
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
123
its disagreements to certain amendments of the Senate,
and agreed to the same.
The Senate cleared the bill for the President on Oc-
tober 3, 1964, by concurring in House amendment (as
modified by House action on same day when it receded
and concurred with an amendment) to a Senate amend-
ment.
H.R. 12633 was signed by the President October 7,
1964 (P.L. 88-635). Included are supplemental funds
for the Fish and Wildlife Service's two Bureaus--Com-
mercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
For the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries there is
$25,000 for increased administrative expenses for ves-
sel loan program activity due to the Alaska earthquake
and tidal wave in March 1964; and $2,500,000 for the
fishing vessel construction subsidy program under P.L
88-498.
TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM: The Senate and
House on September 23, 1964, received a message (H.
Doc. 366) from the President transmitting the eighth
annual report on the operation of the Trade Agreement
Program. Referred tothe Senate Committee on Finance
and the House Committee on Ways and Means.
TERRITORIAL WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES:
On October 1, 4, Congressman Pelly spoke in the
House concerning the need for the United States to ex-
tend its fishing limits to 12 miles.
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION:
edera ater Pollution Control Act A-
mittee on Public Works, House of Representatives, 88th
Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 649), 29 pp.,
printed. The Committee recommended passage (with
amendments) of S. 649, to amend the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, to provide
rants for researchand development, to increase grants
or construction of municipal sewage treatment works,
to authorize the issuance of regulations to aid in pre-
venting, controlling, and abating pollution of interstate
waters, and for other purposes. Contains the purpose,
general statement, and major provisions of the bill;
views of the Committee; changes in existing law; text of
the bill; minority views; and supplemental views of Re-
presentatives Clausen and James.
WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL: H. Rept. 1877,
Water Resources Planning Act (September 4 1964, re-
port from the Committee oninterior and Insular Affairs,
House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session,
to accompany S. 1111), 34 pp., printed. The Committee
recommended passage to provide for the optimum de-
velopment of the Nation's natural resources through the
coordinated planning of water and related land resources,
through the establishment of a water resources council
and river basin commission, and by providing financial
assistance to the States in order to increase State par-
ticipation in such planning. Contains the text, purpose,
need, section-by-section analysis, and cost of the bill.
Also, includes communications from various depart-
ments regarding the bill.
124
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
——
=
rs
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
PUBLICATIONS
THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OF-
FICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON,
D. C. 20402. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS:
CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES.
FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS.
MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES,
SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW.
SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED
DISTRIBUTION).
Number Title
CFS-3540 - Frozen Fishery Products, June 1964, 8 pp.
CFS-3551 - Massachusetts Landings, January 1964, 6 pp.
CFS-3552 - Louisiana Landings, 1963 Annual Summary,
8 pp.
CFS-3553 - Shrimp Landings, January 1964, 5 pp.
CFS-3555 - Shrimp Landings, February 1964, 5 pp.
CFS-3557 - New York Landings, May 1964, 5 pp.
CFS-3567 - Virginia Landings, April 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3568 - California Landings, May 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3572 - Rhode Island Landings, March 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3573 - Fish Meal and Oil, June 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3574 - Middle Atlantic Fisheries, 1963 Annual Sum-
mary, 6 pp.
CFS-3576 - New Jersey Landings, June 1964, 3 pp.
SL-16 - Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, Flor-
ida, 1963, 16 pp. (revised).
Sep. No. 710 - Comparison of Salmon Catches in Mono-
filament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II.
Sep. No. 711 - Weights and Measures Activities in the
USDI Fishery Products Standards and Inspection
Programs,
FL-336 - Commercial Fisheries Outlook, April-June
1964, 4 pp.
FL-567 - Caviar and Other Fish Roe Products, by Nor-
man D, Jarvis, 10 pp., May 1964. Covers the steps
involved in processing grain caviar in barrels; salted
and smoked cod roe; dry-salted, and air-dried and
pressed mullet roe; salmon caviar; salted and air-
dried tuna roe; and tuna caviar.
SSR-Fish. No, 464 - Fish Schools and Bird Flocks in the
Central Pacific Ocean, by Kenneth D, Waldron, 25 pp.,
illus., March 1964,
SSR-Fish. No, 476 - Herring Fishery of the U. S. Pas-
Samaquoddy Region, by Leslie W. Scattergood and
Lewis J. Lozier, 25 pp., illus., March 1964.
Le
“RECENT
és SO A A a le Os 8. 0+ yn 0p comme SE bes Do
i
ye
ONS
SSR-Fish. No. 481 - Air and Water Temperatures and
Stream Flow Data, Convict Creek, Mono County, Cal-
ifornia, 1950 to 1962, by Harry D. Kennedy, 50 pp.,
April 1964.
Extent of Acid Mine Pollution in the United States Af-
fecting Fish and Wildlife, by Edward C, Kinney, Cir-
cular
91, 32 pp., illus., processed, June 1964.
THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE
FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES,
RM, 510, 1815 N. FORT MYER DR., ARLINGTON, VA, 22209.
Number Title
MNL-II - Fishing Industry in Spain, 1963, 8 pp.
MNL-26 - Taiwan Fisheries in 1963, 21 pp.,
MNL-40 - Moroccan Fishing Industry, 1962/63, 19 pp.
THE FOLLOWING PUBL! CATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE-
CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED,
(Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, Jan-
uary, February, March, and April, fo67. 3 pp. each.
(Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 21202.) Receipts
of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Balti-
more by species and by states and provinces; total
receipts by species and comparisons with previous
periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery prod-
ucts on the Baltimore market; for the months indi-
cated.
California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary,
Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market
Data-July 1962 {5 pp. (Market News Service. U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San
Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of
tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can-
ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel,
and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro,
Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari-
zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices;
ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish
meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated.
Fishery and Oceanography Translations, no. 1, June
1584, 41 pp. SEeReEnEd (Branch of Reports, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of
the Interior, Washington, D. C, 20240.) The first of
a new series established to provide information about
translations of fishery and oceanography literature.
Future issues of this periodical will include trans-
lated Russian current titles, journal tables of con-
tents, and short translations. In July 1963 the Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Reports,
established a Translation Program to disseminate
information about Russian scientific literature, to
November 1964
produce Russian translations for scientists, and to
act as a clearinghouse for information on translations
from all languages. The Translation Program main-
tains a bibliographic file begun in 1959 and contain-
ing records of nearly 5,000 completed translations
and more than 300 translations in progress, In ad-
dition, approximately 1,200 translations are available
on interlibrary loan. This issue contains an article,
"Russian serials of interest to aquatic biologists,
fishery technologists, and oceanographers," by Kris-
tian Fr. Wiborg and Paul T. Macy; and a list, "Trans-
lations of fishery and oceanography literature, au-
thors A-F," compiled by Paul T. Macy.
Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in_
Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and
Maryland, July 1564, co (Market News Service,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hamp-
ton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish
and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for
the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague,
Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the
Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean
City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beau-
fort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and
comparative data on fishery products and shrimp pro-
duction; for the month indicated,
New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, July 1964,
22 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fick and Wildlife
Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass.
02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery
ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and
species; industrial fish landings and ex-vessel prices;
imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in
New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-
vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston,
Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods
Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island
(Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); froz—n
fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at
Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish
Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-
vessel prices by species; for the month indicated,
North Pacific Oceanography, February-March 1963, by
W. James Ingraham, + Data Report No. 3, 1 micro-
fiche card, October 24, 1963, (Branch of Reports, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of
the Interior, Washington, D, C, 20240.)
Oceanographic Observations, 1961, East Coast of the
United eaten by Joseph Chase, Data Report No. 1,
6 microfiche cards, illus., September 25, 1963, dis-
tribution limited, (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C, 20240.) This is the first in the new
Data Report Series, which comprises reports that in-
clude compilations of unanalyzed data collected during
oceanographic, limnological, or biological investiga-
tions. Each report will be serially numbered, issued
separately, and paged separately. The reports will be
distributed on 3- by 5-inch microfiche cards, Hard
(full-size) copy will be available for purchase; how-
ever, the microfiches will be free to a restricted
mailing list of laboratories, libraries, state fishery
agencies, research institutions, and researchscien-
tists. Reports in this new series can be issued more
quickly and cheaply and will occupy less storage
space than the Special Scientific Reports--Fisheries
in which such data were previously published,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
125
of
Preliminary Results of the Systematic Screenin
4,306 wee unds as "Red-Tide’ Toxicants, by Ken-
neth I’. Marvin and Raphael R. Proctor, Jr., Data Re-
port No. 2, 3 microfiche cards, February 10, 1964,
(Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fish-
eries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C. 20240.)
Production of Fishery Products in Selected Areas of
—“Waryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1963, by
William N. Kefly, 33 pp., June 1964. (Market News
Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box
447, Hampton, Va. 23369.) A summary of commer-
cial landings of fish and shellfish and the production
of crab meat and shucked oysters as reported by
producers and wholesalers from selected principal
fishing localities of Virginia, Maryland, and North
Carolina. Discusses landings in the Hampton Roads,
Lower Northern Neck, Lower Eastern Shore, and
Chincoteague areas of Virginia; Ocean City, Cam-
bridge, and Crisfield, Maryland; and Morehead City,
North Carolina, Also covers landings by major spe-
cies of finfish--scup, alewife, sea bass, tuna, fluke,
gray sea trout, striped bass, croa ker, butter-
fish, spot, shad, swordfish, and menhaden, Includes
statistical tables on catches of the major finfish spe-
cies, shrimp, and other shellfish; and landings by
localities. Swordfish was landed in the area for the
first time, with 14 long-line vessels participating in
this fishery.
Receipts and Prices of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Prod-
8 pp., illus.,
ucts at Chicago, 1963, by C.E. Cope, 5
September 1384, ishery Market News Service,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 704, 610 S.
Canal St., Chicago, 1. 60607.) Summarizes fishery
products receipts and prices at Chicago during 1963.
Notable events were the establishment of shrimp
futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange;
initiation of air shipments of Alaskan fresh-water
fish to Chicago; and the perfecting of a yellow perch
filleting machine. Statistical tables include data on
receipts of fish and shellfish at Chicago wholesale
market by species, states, and provinces, and by
months; and wholesale market price ranges by
months for fresh-water fish, frozen fillets, and oth-
er frozen fish and shellfish.
(Seattle)
Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings
of Fishery Products for Selected eras car Mee
a igs” Monthly Summary, August 1904, 9 pp. (Mar-
ket News Service, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service,
706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4,
Wash, 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the
halibut and salmon fleets reported through the ex-
changes; landings of halibut reported by the Inter-
national Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of ot-
ter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's
Marketing Association of Washington; local landings
by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from
Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping
lines and airways; imports from British Columbia
via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel
landings; and imports from other countries through
Washington customs district; for the month indicated,
THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL-
DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT
0402.
Sea-Water Systems for
for Ex erimental Aquariums, ed-
ited by John R. Clark ane Roberta L. Clark, Re-
126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
search Report 63, 192 pp., printed, 1964, $1.25. In-
cludes 27 papers dealing with different sea-water
systems ina number of Federal, state, and foreign
marine laboratories. Should be of value to all who
are concerned with fresh-water as wellas sea-water
aquarium systems.
MISCELLANEOUS
PUBLICATIONS
IFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION
UING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW
SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER
MENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN.
ACCLIMATIZATION:
"Akklimatiizatsiya ryb vo vnutrennik vodoemakh Lat-
viiskoi SSSR" (Acclimatization of fishes in the inland
waters of the Latvian SSSR), by G, P. Andrushaitis,
article, Akklimatizatsia Zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 212-
213, printed in Russian, 1963. ademiia Nauk Ka-
zakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata, U.S.S.R.
"Biologicheskoe obosnovanie i perspektivy akklimati-
zatsii vesennenerestuyushchego siga v vazhneishikh
vodokhranilishchakh SSSR" (Biological basis and
prospects for the acclimatization of spring-spawning
whitefish in the more important reservoirs of the
USSR), by V.I. Anpilova, article, Akklimatizatsia
Zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 214-216, printed in Russian,
1963. Aiecesntia Nauk Kazakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata,
U.S.S.R.
ALGAE:
"Alginic acid," by Louis Lefur, article, Chemical Ab-
stracts, vol. 58, March 18, 1963, 5458a, printed. aa
American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20006.
"Developing an unconventional food--algae--by con-
tinuous culture under high light intensity,'’ by Robert
O, Matthern and Robert B. Koch, article, Food Tech-
nology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp. 59-65, printed. The
Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill.
AMINO ACIDS:
"Amino acid composition of defatted fish flour from
oil sardine (Clupea longiceps),"' by S. B. Kadkol and
N. L. Lahiri, article, emical Abstracts, vol, 58,
February 4, 1963, 2781a, printed. American Chemi-
cal Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C.
20006,
"Seasonal influences on the free amino acids in fish
muscle and their importance for quality,’ by F.
Bramstedt,. article, Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswis-
senschaft, supplement 3, 1963, p. 51, printed in Ger-
man, Journal of Nutritional Science, Holzhofallee
35, Darmstadt, Germany.
ANCHOVY:
"The food and feeding habits of the anchoveta, Ceter-
poe mysticetus,"' in the Gulf of Panama, by Wil-
lam H, Baylift, article, Inter-American Tropical
Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 7, no. 6, 136s, pp.
456-459, printed in Spanish and English, Inter-
American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif,
Vol. 26, No. 11
"Nekotorye sravnitel'nye dannye 0 razmnozhenii an-
chousa Engraulis encrasicholus L."' (Some compara-
tive data on the reproduction of the anchovy Engraulis
encrasicholus L.), by T. V. Dekhnik, article, Voprosy
Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 144-151, illus.,
printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiolo-
gicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
ANIMAL NUTRITION:
"Microbiological evaluation of protein quality with
Tetrahymena pyriforms W. I--Characteristics of
growth of the organisms and determination of rela-
tive nutritive values of intact proteins,'' by W. R.
Fernell and G. D. Rosen, article, British Journal of
Nutrition, vol. 10, 1956, pp. 143-155, illus., printed,
Cambridge University Press, 32 E. 57th St., New
York, N. Y. 10022,
ANTIBIOTICS:
"Test on the storage of white fish in ice with added
aureomycin,"’ by F. Soudan, J.R. Crepey, and M, Du-
bost, article, Revue des Travaux, Institut Scientifique
et Technique des Péches Maritimes, vol. 27, no, 2, June
1963, pp. 311-20, illus., printedinFrench. Institut Sci-
entifique et Technique des Péches Maritimes, 59 Ave.
Raymond Poincare, Paris XVI, France.
ARGENTINA:
“Numerosas adhesiones recibe el Primer Congreso de
Promocion Pesquera Bonaerense a Realizarse en el
mes de Mayo en la ciudadde Mar del Plata" (Many
participants admitted to the First Congress for the
Promotion of Fisheries in Buenos Aires Province, to
take place in the month of May in the city of Mar del
Plata), article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol. 11, no, 128,
April 1964, p. 3) printed in Spanish. Departamento
de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No. 774, La Plata, Ar-
gentina.
"Piscicultura del pejerrey--Dependencias de la
Estacion Hidrobiologica de Chascomus" (Pond cul-
ture of the pejerrey--Branch of the Hydrobiological
Station at Chascomus), by Fernando C, Ramirez and
Haydee A. Macioci, article, Asuntos A rarios, vol.
11, no, 129, May 1964, p. 5, illus., printed in Spanish.
Departamento de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No, 774,
La Plata, Argentina.
"Piscicultura del pejerrey. IV--Expedicion y siembra
de alevinos" (Pond culture of the pejerrey. IV--
Field trip and planting of fingerlings), by Fernando C.
Ramirez and Haydee A. Macioci, article, Asuntos
Agrarios, vol. 11, no. 128, April 1964, p. 5, illus.,
printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones,
Avda, 51, No. 774, La Plata, Argentina.
"kl Primer Congreso de Promocion Pesquera Bon-
aerense establecio las bases para el mejor aprove-
chamiento de nuestra riqueza icticola'' (The First
Congress for the Promotion of Fisheries in Buenos
Aires Province established the necessary bases for
the better development of our ichthiological riches),
article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol, 11, no. 129, May 1964,
pp. 1, 8-10, illus., printed in Spanish. Departamento
de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No. 774, La Plata, Ar-
gentina,
BEL GIUM:
Officiele Lijst der Belgische Vissersvaartuigen, 1964
(Official List of Belgian Fishing Vessels, 14); vs)
pp., printed in Flemish, 1964, Ministerie van Ver-
keersweezn, en van Post, Telegraaf en Telfoon,
Brussels, Belgium.
November 1964
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
BUFFALOFISH:
Wholesale Market Demand for Buffalofish, by Marsha
A, Walters, 72 pp., processed, September 1961, Uni-
versity of Arkansas, College of Business Adminis-
tration, Industrial Research and Extension Center,
Fayetteville, Ark.
BYPRODUCTS:
"Fish for meal and oil. Part 2--South Africa," by J. A.
Lovern, article, News Summary, no, 14, May 1964,
pp. 14-16, processed in Enalish with French, Ger-
man, and Spanish summaries, limited distribution,
International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers,
70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. The main fish
species used for meal and oil manufacture in South
Africa are the pilchard Hos ocellata) and the
maasbanker or horse mackere rachurus trachurus),
The oil content shows a similar range, with commer-
cial yields ranging from about 3 gallons to over 20
gallons per short ton, with an average of about 11.
Pilchard oil is more unsaturated than maasbanker
oil, the respective iodine values being 172-203 and
142-164,
CANADA:
Fisheries Statistics, Nova Scotia, 1962, 46 pp., illus.,
printed in French and English, July 1964, 75 Canadian
cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery,
Ottawa, Canada, Consists of tables showing quantity
and value of landings in Nova Scotia during 1950-1962
by species; value of fishery products, 1950-1962; clas-
sification of fishing vessels in Nova Scotia by weight,
length, fisheries districts, and type of gear used,
1961/1962; new capital investment in the Nova Scoti-
an fishery, 1962; number of fishermen and persons
engaged in the major fisheries, 1961/1962.
CARP:
"Fish eat weeds to aid power plant operation," article,
Science News Letter, vol. 86, no. 9, August 29, 1964,
p. 139, printed, single copy 15 cents. Science Sery-
ice, 1719 N St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20036,
CHARTS:
U.S. Lake Survey Catalog of Charts of the Great Lakes
“and Outflow Rivers (also Lake Champlain, New York
State Barge Canal System, Minnesota-Ontario Border
Lakes), Edition of 1964/1965, 25 pp., illus., printed,
1964, Technical Publications Branch, U.S. Army
Engineer District, Lake Survey, Corps of Engineers,
630 Federal Bldg., Detroit 26, Mich. Charts listed
in this catalog were prepared by the U.S, Lake Sur-
vey, whose mission is the preparation and publica-
tion of navigation charts and pilots covering the Great
Lakes, Lake Champlain, New York State Barge Canal
System, and the Minnesota-Ontario Border Lakes; the
study of matters affecting the hydrology of the Great
Lakes, including the necessary hydrographic and re-
lated surveys; and research pertinent to the develop-
ment and improved utilization of the water resources
of the Great Lakes System, Included for each chart
listing is information on locality, scale, size, and
price,
COLD STORAGE:
"The effect of temperature on the spoilage rate of wet
white fish,"' by R. Spencer and C, R. Baines, article,
Food Technology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp. 175-179,
printed. The otblite Press, 510 N. Hickory, Cham-
paign, Ml,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127
THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
"Nouveau procede pour la conservation par le froiddes
crustaces a l'état frais" (A new process for the cold
storage of fresh crustaceans), article, La Revue de
la Conserve, vol. 18, no. 3, May-June 1963, p. 177,
printed in French, Société d'Edition pour ]'Alimen-
tation, 1 Rue de la Reale, Paris 1, France,
"Vom trawler ins lagerhaus an der wasserstrasse"'
(From the trawler directly to the wharf cold store),
article, Ties Kuhlkette, no. 91, July 1963, p. 16, print-
ed in German. H.E. Albrecht Verslag KG., Freiha-
merstrasse No, 2, Munich, Germany.
COMPOSITION:
"Chemical composition of fish and fish products," by
H. Houwing, article, Voeding, vol. 24, 1963, p. 170,
printed. Netherlands Journal of Nutrition, Komingin-
nengracht 42, The Hague, Netherlands.
"Trace elements in far-Eastern fish, crustaceans and
mollusks,"' by K,M. Mershina, N. M. Khalina and A. I.
Krasnitskaya, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59,
November 25, 1963, 13270f, printed. American Chem-
ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C.
20006,
"Variations in the chemical composition of three fresh-
water fishes of Bhavanisagar reservoir," by A. Sre-
enivasan and M, V, Natarajan, article, Indian Journal
of Fisheries, vol, 8, October 1961, pp. 436-439, print-
ed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Government
of India, New Delhi, India.
CONGO REPUBLIC:
Foreign Trade Regulations of the Republic of the Congo
TLeopoldville), OBR 64-61, 8 pp., printe orne tear
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Discusses the Congo Republic's trade policy, import
tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, docu-
mentation and fees, and labeling and marking require-
ments. Also covers special customs provisions, non-
tariff import controls, and Government representa-
tion between the Congo and the United States.
CONTAINERS:
Examen del Cierre de la Lata (Investigation of Can
Seams), by Jose J. Franco Betancourt, Boletin de
Divulgacion Tecnica, No, 1, 15 pp., illus., printed in
Spanish with English abstract, October 1963, Centro
de Investigaciones Pesqueras del Instituto Nacional de
la Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba,
"Foam-lined cans for freeze-dried foods," article,
Modern Pa cea gine vol, 36, January 1963, p. 70, print-
ed. Diese ications Inc., 575 Madison Ave., New
York 22, N.Y.
CRABS:
"Chemical control of the green crab, Carcinus maenas
(Be by Robert W. Hanks, article, Proceedings of
the National Shellfisheries Association, , vol, 52,
pp. 75-86, printed, 19635, National Shellfisheries As-
sociation, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Glouces-
ter Point, Va.
Crabs of Texas, by Sandra Pounds Leary, Bulletin No.
43, Series 7, Coastal Fisheries, 57 pp., illus., print-
128
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
ed, revised 1964, Texas Parks and Wildlife Depart-
ment, John H. Reagan State Office Bldg., Austin, Tex.
Designed to aid the occasional visitor to the Texas
Coast in identifying at least the general group to
which a particular crab may belong and to answer
some of the many questions which arise concerning
those crustacea. Bulletin devoted primarily to the
commercial blue crab and the stone crab.
"King crab tagging methods in Alaska,'' by Murray L.
Hayes, article, North Atlantic Fish Marking S -
osium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. = [Ee print-
ed, 1963. International Commission for the North-
west Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Ocean-
Ography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada.
"Nutritive value of crab meat," article, Food Manu-
facture, vol. 39, April 1964, p. 60, printed. Leonard
Hill, Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., LondonNW1,
England.
"Progress on blue crab research in the South Atlan-
tic, by George H. Rees, article, Proceedings of the
Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, ‘iia EI
Session, November 1962, pp. 100-115, printed, April
963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, The
Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Ricken-
backer Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
"O sostoyanii zapasov Kamchatskogo krabau zapadnogo
poberezh'ya Kamchatki"’ (Condition of king crab--
Paralithodes camtschatica--stocks on the western
coast of Kamchatka), by M. M. Lavrent'ev, article,
Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 39, no. 2, 1963, pp. 19-25,
Thus. printed in Russian, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17,
B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
CRAYFISH:
Habitat of Crayfish in Poland (Rozsiedlenie Rakow w
Polsce), by Jozef Kossakowski, -11397, 5 pp.,
illus., processed, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from
the Polish Gospodarka Rybna, no, 5, 1956, pp. 9-10.)
Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230.
CUBA:
Cuban Center of Fishery Research, by R: Buesa, JPRS
4, 8 pp., processed, May 19, 1964, 50 cents.
(Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiya, vol. 4,
no, 2, 1964.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. De-
partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230,
Las Pesquerias Cubanas (The Cuban Fisheries), by
“Rene J. Buesa, Contribution No, 20, 90 pp., illus.,
printed in Spanish with English abstract, February
1964, Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Instituto
Nacional de la Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba.
Deals with the characteristics of Cuban fishery ac-
tivities and developments, fishing grounds, fleet and
gear, and number of fishermen, Establishes the yield
rates for both cooperatives and government fishing
organizations according to seasons, fishing gear, and
fishing grounds. Also includes a list of marine spe-
cies of major commercial value,
DECOMPOSITION:
"Significance of decomposition of adenosinetriphosphate
in fish muscle at temperature around -2° C," by M.
Bito and K. Amano, article, Bulletin of Tokai Regional
Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 32, 1962, pp. 149-
153, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary.
Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Tsu-
kishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
DOLPHIN:
"Sea intelligence: the dolphin,’ by Barbara Tufty, ar-
ticle, Science News Letter, vol. 86, no. 9, August 29,
1964, pp. 138-139, illus., printed, single copy 15
cents. Science Service, 1719 N St. NW., Washington,
D. C. 20036. Describes the anatomy and"'personality’
of the dolphin, the history of man's interest in this
mammal, and some of the research being conducted
with it at the Communications Research Institute,
Miami, Fla. The dolphin's intelligence and eager-
ness to learn may help in a first step towards man's
communicating with animals and learning more about
the sea.
ECUADOR: A
"Apuntes e informaciones sobre las pesquerias en la
Provincia de Manabi'' (Memoranda and information
on the fisheries in the Province of Manabi), article,
Boletin Informativo, vol. 1, no. 2, 1964, pp. 1-66,
Illus., printed in Spanish, s/. 6.00 (US$0.35). Insti-
tuto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecua-
dor, Discusses in detail the coastal fishery for shrimp,
spiny lobster, and finfish; and the offshore tuna fish-
ery.
EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE:
Final Act of the European Fisheries Conference, Lon-
don, Dec. 3, 1963 to March 2, . With Fisheries
Convention, Protocol of Provisional Applicationjand
Agreements as to Transitional Rights. London,
March 9 to April 10, 1964, Mieceliancete No, 11
(Cmnd. 2355), printed, 1964, 2s. 7d. (50 U.S. cents).
Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 3rd
Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022.
FACTORYSHIP:
"Baza-przetwornia B 64 typu 'Pioniersk'"’ (Factory-
mothership B 64 type ''Pioniersk"), by Janusz Stas-
zewski and Stanislaw Paszkowski, article, Budownic-
two Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 6, June 1964, pp. 189-198,
Tllus., printed in Polish with English summary. Wy-
dawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych Not, Warsaw,
Czackiego 3/5, Poland. On December 10, 1963, the
factory-mothership Pioniersk, built by the Gdansk
Shipyard for the Soviet fisheries, was commissioned,
This article deals with the vessel's construction, its
performance at sea, the part played by motherships
in deep-sea fisheries, and accomplishments of those
vessels. Topics covered include stability, hull con-
struction, deck equipment, accommodation plan, fire
fighting devices, holds, engineroom, electric equip-
ment, repair shop, pipelines, freezing and processing
plant, and delivery trials. Included are plans, dia-
grams, and photographs of the vessel.
FATTY ACIDS: ;
"Origin of the characteristic fatty acid composition of
aquatic organisms," by Tibor Farkas and Sandor He-
rodek, article, Chemical abstracts, vol. 58, June 10,
1963, 12893g, printed. American Chemical Society,
1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D, C, 20006.
"Quantitative analysis of fatty acid esters of marine
animal oils by gas-liquid chromatography, by Su-
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
129
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
ketaka Ito and Kazuo Fukuzumi, article, Chemical
Abstracts, vol. 58, June 10, 1963, 12778e, printed,
American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash-
ington, D, C. 20006.
FISH FINDER:
"Telemetric estimation of set net catches by fish find-
er,'' by T. Koyama, article, Bulletin of Tokai Region-
al Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 32, 1962, pp.
Tm in J
T-147, illus., printed in Japanese with English sum-
mary. Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Labora-
tory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
FISH KILLS:
"So what did kill the fish?" by Warren Kornberg, ar-
ticle, Chemical Week, vol. 95, no, 4, July 25, 1964,
pp. 19-26, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents.
McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y.
10036. Reports on the Mississippi fish kill in the
fall 1963, and congressional hearings on the subject.
FISH-LIVER OIL:
"Influence of various materials on the quality of cod-
liver oil. I--Metals and synthetic materials," by
H.J. Papenfuss, article, Fischereiforschung, vol. 4,
1961, pp. 25-67, printed in German, Institut fur
Hochseefischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock-
Marienehe, East Germany,
FISH MEAL:
"Assessment of protein quality in fish meal," by J. A.
Lovern, article, News Summary, no, 14, May 1964,
pp. 45-53, processed in English with French, Ger-
man, and Spanish summaries, limited distribution,
International Association of Fish Meal Manufactur-
ers, 70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. Dis-
cusses the structure of proteins, their digestion and
utilization in the body, and chemical tests for pro-
tein quality,
"Quality of fish meals and their evaluation by chemi-
cal methods," by H. Dohler, article, Nutrition Ab-
stracts and Reviews, vol. 34, 1964, p. 45, printed.
Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Nutrition, Rowett
Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland.
"Utilization of fish byproducts as cattle feed: influence
of the method of manufacture on the digestibility and
nutritive value of 'manthal! fish meal," by S.S, Negi
and N.D. Kehar, article, Journal of Scientific and In-
dustrial Research, vol. 21C, 2; pp. 324-028, print-
ed, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Old Mill Rd., New Delhi 2, India,
FISH OIL:
"Composition of fatty acid mixtures of various fish
oils,’ by E, Klenk and D, Eberhagen, article, Chemi-
cal Abstracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 14303d,
printed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St.
NW., Washington, D, C, 20006.
FISH PASSAGE:
"Fish passage research in the Columbia River Basin,"
by Gerald B, Collins, article, Transactions of the
Twenty-Eighth North American Wildlife and Natural
esources Conference March 4,5,-and 6, 1963, pp.
- , printed, 1963. Wildlife Management Insti-
tute, Wire Bldg., Washington, D, C, 20005.
FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE:
"Changes in the vitamins B, and By and PP content dur-
ing the manufacture and atoveee of fish flour," by V. I.
Treshcheva, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59,
July 22, 1963, 2104f, printed. American Chemical
Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C, 20006,
"Enrichment of bread with fish flour for human con-
sumption, 1--Study of baking and acceptability tests,"
by Gonzalo Donoso and others, News Summary, no, 14,
_ May 1964, pp. 78-92, peccicecdninnteec clue ated.
International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers,
70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. The purpose of
the study covered in this report was to ascertain the
highest percentage of enrichment of bread with fish
flour for human consumption manufactured in Chile
which would be acceptable to the consumer. Bread-
making tests were carried out with dough enriched
with 3, 6, 9, and 12 percent of fish flour (replacing
corresponding quantities of wheat flour), The tech-
nological aspect of bread-making was considered, and
subsequently the acceptability of the product through
flavor tests with individual adults at various cultural
levels and with children in primary schools, The re-
port includes, besides a description of the tests, tech-
nical specifications for the preparation of the bread,
remarks on the alteration of its quality with addition
of fish flour, and standards for the classification of
its organoleptic and general qualities.
FLOUNDER:
Catches of Flounder PLEURONECTES FLESUS L, in
the Bornholm Deep in 1951-1955 (Stornia--Pleuro-
nectes flesus L.--w Potowach w Rejonie Bornholms-
kin w Latach 1951-1955), by Zbigniew Reimann, OTS
61-11365, 26 pp., illus., processed, 1964, 50 cents.
(Translated from the Polish, Prace Morskiego Insty-
tutu Rybackiego w Gdyni, no, 107A-1859- pp. 71-450.)
Office of atlcal ervices, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Washington, D, C, 20230.
FLYINGFISH:
The Flying Fishes (EXOCOETIDAE) of the Northwest
“Pacific, ey N. Parin, = 1; 84 pp., illus.,
printed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Aka-
demiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta eee
kee Tse0, pp. 205-285. ffice of Technical Services,
U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.
20230.
FRANCE:
"L"evolution de la congelation dans la peche maritime
(France)" (Evolution of freezing in sea-fishery), by
A. Andre, article, Revue Pratique du froid, vol. 16,
no, 211, October 1963, pp. B1-3o, printed in French.
Federation nationale des activites frigorifiques, 254
rue de Vaugirard, Paris XV, France,
FREEZE-DRYING:
"Azeotropic freeze-drying," by H.E. Wistreich and J. A.
Blake, article, Science, vol, 138, no. 3537, 1962, p.
138, printed. American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave, NW,, Wash-
ington, D, C. 20005,
Conference on Freeze- ing of Foods, Chicago, 1961
dited by Frank R, Fisher, 246 pp., illus., printed,
edite
1962. Quartermaster Research and Engineering Com-
130
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
mand, U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps, Washing-
ton, D. C,
"Developments in freeze-drying 1963," article, Jour-
nal of Refrigeration, vol. 6, no. 3, May-June 1964,
pp. 64-65, printed. Foxlow Publishers, Ltd., 19
Harcourt St., London W1, England.
"The freeze-drying of foodstuffs. Future trends," by
K. Bird, article, Marketing Transport Situation, Au-
gust 1963, pp. 26-32, illus., panes Marketing
Economics Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. 20250,
"A practical guide for selection of freeze-drying
equipment, ' article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol, 25,
no. 12, July 1963, pp. 103-105, illus., printed. E. W.
Williams Publications, Inc., 82 Wall St., New York,
N. Y. 10005,
"Protein changes in freeze-dried muscle," by W. Part-
mann and G, Nemitz, article, Zeitschrift fur Lebens-
mittel-Untersuchung und - Forschung, vol. 120, no.
3 pp. 190-192, ee German. S riviger Verlag,
3 Heidelberger Platz, Wilmersdorf, Berlin, Germany.
"Taste tests rate freeze-dried foods," article, Infor-
mation Bulletin, T.R.R.F., no. 63, August 1963, p. 1,
printed. The Refrigeration Research Foundation, 12
N. Meade Ave., Colorado Springs, Colo.
FREEZING ON BOARD:
"Das frieren von fisch auf see mit 'Jackstone-Plat-
tengefrierapparaten' vertikaler bauart'’ (Freezing of
fish on board with the Jackstone vertical plate freezer),
article, Kalte, vol. 16, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 214-216,
illus., printed in German. Hans A. Keune Verlag,
Pressehaus, 1 Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany.
"Gefrieranlagen auf hochseetrawlern" (Freezing plants
on board high-sea trawlers), by E. Strohrmann, ar-
ticle, Kalte, vol, 16, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 211-213,
illus., printed in German. Hans A, Keune Verlag,
Pressehaus, 1 Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany.
Progress in the Development of Freezing on Board
the British Distant-Water Trawler Fleet, by G.C.
Eddie, Torry Memoir No, 140, 13pp., printed inEng-
lish with French summary, Torry Research Station,
Aberdeen, Scotland,
FRESH-WATER FISH:
Our Freshwater Fishes, Educational Series, Picture
fos, 1, 2, 6, and 4, 1964, $1.50 a set. An education-
al series of four 6x9-inch plastic-coated cards show-
ing 36 species of fresh-water fish in full-color photo-
graphs. In spite of the fact that color photographs
are quite common today, there is still a lack of good
color photographs of fish and other marine animals.
The pictures shown on these cards show the color of
living fish--something which is difficult to capture.
Each card shows nine species of fish, and the back
of the card has concise life history notes on each
fish, The fish shown on the cards are: bluegill,
smallmouth bass, black crappie, pumpkinseed, large-
mouth bass, green sunfish, northern longear sunfish,
rock bass, warmouth, lake trout, sea lamprey, yel-
low perch, brown trout, brook trout, lake whitefish,
rainbow trout, walleye or yellow pike, brown bull-
head, black bullhead, and lake sturgeon. Alsoshown
are: longnose gar, bowfin, carp, white sucker, river
redhorse, white bass, channel catfish, freshwater
drum, northern pike, golden shiner, muskellunge,
grass pickerel, common shiner, tiger muskie, creek
chub, and river chub, Teachers, educators, students,
biologists, researchers, restaurants, and dealers will
find these color photograph cards ideal for differen-
tiating between and identifying the most common
fresh-water fish species. Others interested in fish-
eries will find that the cards would lend themselves
to framing. The author-photographer also has com-
pleted 11 fish pictures for the Society for Visual Ed-
ucation's 13x18-inch cards for schools; he is also
able to supply transparencies of about 50 species of
fresh-water fish.
--Joseph Pileggi
"Razmnozhenie osnovnykh promyslovykh rby v Che-
remshanskom zalive Kuibyshevskogo vodokranilish-
cha v 1960 i 1961 gg."' (Reproduction of the principal
commercial fishes in the Cheremshan inlet of Kuiby-
shev Reservoir in 1960 and 1961), by V.M. Chikova,
article, Materialy Pobiologii i Gidrologii Volzhskikh
VWoudchrneshehel pp. = } printed in Russian, 1963.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
FROZEN FISH:
"Zur frage des eniflusses postmortaler veranderungen
auf die qualitat von gefrierfisch" (Effect of post-
mortem changes on the quality of frozen fish), by W.
Partmann and J, Gutschmidt, article, Kaltetechnik,
vol, 15, no, 6, June 1963, pp. 170-177; no, 7, July 1963,
pp. 200-204, illus., printed in German. Verlag C.F.
Miller, Karlsruhe, Germany.
FUR SEALS:
"Evolution of fur seal management on the Pribilof Is-
lands,'' by Alton Y. Roppel and Stuart P, Davey, arti-
cle, Science in Alaska, Proceedings of the Fourteenth
Alaskan Science Conference, eee Au-
st 27-30, 1963, pp. 67-60, printed. Executive Sec-
retary, Alaska Division, American Association for
the Advancement of Science, College, Alaska.
GEAR:
"A modified Petersen grab," by J. Flury, article,
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
vol. 20, no, 6, 1963, pp. 1549-1550, illus., printed.
Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa,
Canada,
"O rabote setevyborochnykh mashin razlichnykh typov"
(On working performance of net-hauling machines of
different types), by R. T. Mikhailov, article, Rybnoe
Khoziaistvo, vol, 38, no, 1, 1962, pp. 59-64, aE
printed in Russian, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140,
Moscow, U.S.S.R.
"Sinteticheskiye materialy dlya osnastki orudi lova"'
(Synthetics for fishing gear), by V. V. Borishchev,
article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 39, no, 2, 1963, pp.
63-67, illus., printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia
17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
GENERAL:
Fish and Wildlife, Price List 21, 15 pp., printed, April
{49th Edition), Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
20402. A complete list of publications on fish and
wildlife subjects for sale by the Government Printing
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
131
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
Office.
to subject, with catalog number, total pages, date of
publication, and price included, An occasional de-
scriptive sentence is shown,
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC:
"Republique Federale d'Allemagne: La modernisation
de la flotte de grande peche et le programme d'aide
gouvernementale" (Federal Republic of Germany:
Modernization of the distant-water fishing fleet and
the government's aid program), article, La Peche
Maritime, vol. 43, no. 1035, June 20, 1964, pp. 443-
, lllus., printed in French, single copy 20 francs
(about US$4.05), La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard
Haussmann, Paris 8©, France,
GLAZING:
"Experiment of protective effect of paste glazingmade
from methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellu-
lose and hydroxyethylcellulose," by K, Tanaka, arti-
cle, Refrigeration (Reito), vol. 38, no. 427, May 1963,
pp. I-13, printed. Japanese Association of Refriger-
ation, Kenchiku Kaikan Bldg., 3-1 Ginza Nishi, Chuo-
ku, Tokyo, Japan,
GREECE:
Foreign Trade Regulations of Greece, by A. Russell
Homer, OBRGIEE- 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents.
Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For sale by the Su-
perintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Print-
ing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Discusses
Greece's trade policy, import tariff system, sales
and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and
labeling and marking requirements, Also covers spe-
cial customs provisions, nontariff import controls,
and Government representation between Greece and
the United States,
HADDOCK:
"Further field experiments with tags for haddock," by
Albert C,. Jensen, article, North Atlantic Fish Mark-
te mposium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. 194-
, printed, 1963, International Commission for the
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of
Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N, S,, Can-
ada.
"Haddock tag returns in relation to fish condition," by
John P, McDermott and Robert Livingstone, Jr., ar-
ticle, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Spe-
cial Publication No. 4, pp. si6-31F, printed, 1963,
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O,
Box 638, Dartmouth, N, S., Canada,
"A study of the vertical distribution of larval haddock,"
by David Miller, John B, Colton, Jr., and Robert R.
Marak, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 28, no. 1,
August 1963, pp. 3-49, printed, Conseil Permanent
International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlot-
tenlund Slot, Denmark,
HAKE:
“An analysis of silver hake tag returns,"' by Raymond
. Fritz, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium,
Special Publication No. 4, pp. xT4-3Te printed, 1963,
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O.
Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S, Canada,
Titles are compiled alphabetically according | HERRING:
"Caught in a hail of herring," by Edgar P, Young, ar-
ticle, World eee April 1964, pp. 60, 63-64, illus.,
printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's
House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England, An ac-
count of six cruises by the Soviet research submarine
Severyanka in the Barents Sea, January 1959-July
. servations were made off the Murmansk
coast of the way in which herring and other fish be-
have and distribute themselves during their winter
migration, when they are usually in a somnolent con-
dition, Observations of plankton concentrations, as
well as conditions for best observing trawl opera-
tions, were carried out, These cruises, besides pro-
ducing much interesting information which is of prac-
tical use for the fishing industry, have vindicated the
great value of submarines as instruments for carry-
ing out research in oceanography and gear utilization.
"Forecast for Scottish North Sea and west coast herring
fisheries in 1964," by B. B. Parrish and A. Saville,
article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, no. 21, June 1964,
pp. 3-5, printed, Fisheries Division, Department of
Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburg,
Scotland,
"New techniques in herring fishing," by Jakob Jakobs-
son, article, Iceland Review, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964, pp.
44-46, 49, illus., printed, single copy 50 Icelandic
Kronur (about US$1.16). Iceland Review, P.O, Box
1238, Reykjavik, Iceland,
"Prisposobitel'nye i izmeneniya rosta salaki Clupea
harengus membras L. Rizhskogo zaliva v svyaz1s
Obespechennost'yu pishchei" (Adaptive changes in the
growth rates of herring, Clupea harengus membras
L., of the Gulf of Riga in connection wi the availa-
bility of food), by A. V. Chepurnoy, article, ee
Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 124-130, printe
In Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheska-
ia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
"A revision of the recent round herrings (Pisces: Dus-
sumieriidae)," by P. J. P. Whitehead, article, British
Museum (Natural History) Bulletin, vol. 10, no, 6,
> Pp. 305-380, illus., printed, British Museum
(Natural History), London, England,
"Scales and earstones reveal age of Atlantic herring,"
by H.C. Boyar, article, Maine Field Naturalist, vol.
19, no. 3, March 1963, 2 pp., printed. Maine Audubon
Society, and Portland Society of Natural History, 22
Elm St., Portland, Maine.
"O sel'dyanom rybolovstve v zapadnoi Atlantike" (On
herring fishing in the western Atlantic), by I. G.
Yudanov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 39, no, 2,
1963, pp. 14-18, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'-
skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
ICHTHYOLOGY:
The Study of Fishes Made
~T59 pp., illus., printed, 1
den City, N.Y.
Simple, by Eugene V, Mohr,
$62. Doubleday & Co., Gar-
INDIAN OCEAN:
Indian Ocean Project. Measurements of Currents
Along the Equator in the Indian Ocean, by John A,
eee one Beace A, Taft, Fpp.; illus., printed, 1963.
(Reprinted from Nature, vol. 198, no, 4878, 1963.)
.
132
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
Rhode Island University, Narragansett Marine Lab-
oratory, Kingston, R.I.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS:
(International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission)
Annual Report, 1963, 45 pp., illus., printed, 1964. In-
fennel Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission,
P.O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada.
Describes the adverse effects of interruption infish-
ing by strikes or lockouts on total racial production
of Fraser River sockeye salmon populations; history
of salmon runs in thatarea; and results of regulation
of the catches. Discusses the 21 formal meetings of
the Commisssion held in 1963; regulations for fish-
ing in Canadian and United States Convention wa-
ters, and emergency amendments promulgated; the
sockeye salmon fishery, escapement, and rehabilita-
tion; the pink salmon fishery, origin of catch, and
escapement; and watershed protection of salmon riy-
ers by means of flood control, fishway construction,
and other devices, Includes statistical data on sock-
eye salmon catch by gear; cyclic landings and packs
of sockeye from Convention waters; daily catches of
sockeye and pinks from United States and Canadian
Convention waters; Indian catches of sockeye; and
escapement of sockeye and pinks to Fraser River
and other spawning areas,
North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Report of
the Second Meeting, Ma 1964, pp., processed in
French and English, 1964, North-East Atlantic Fish-
eries Commission, Rm. 617, East Block, Whitehall
Pl., London SW1, England. Contains a report of the
proceedings of the second meeting of the North-East
Atlantic Fisheries Commission, The Hague, May 12-
15, 1964. The 14 member Governments, all in Eu-
rope, were represented by delegations; the United
States Government, the International Council for the
Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and the International
Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
(ICNAF) sent observers. The Commission ruled on
the area for application of minimum mesh size reg-
ulations; extended permission for use of top-side
chafers on vessels until January 1, 1966; and agreed
to special arrangements for allowing small boats to
fish for whiting with small mesh nets in the Skage-
rak-Kattegat area of the North Sea. The Commis-
sion decided to request the ICES to conduct: an as-
sessment of effects of top-side chafers on net selec-
tivity; a reassessment of fish stocks in the north-
eastern part of the Convention Area; a study of the
spiny dogfish stock and the effect of possible conser-
vation measures; and a continuing study of herring
stocks. Agreement was reached on the need for a
system of international control of fisheries on the
high seas for enforcement of conservation measures.
Therefore a resolution was passed that a special
committee, on which all member Countries would be
represented, should be established to study the prac-
tical problems involved and to make suggestions to
the Commission at its next meeting. Plans were
made to hold the third meeting in Moscow, May 11,
1965.
ITALY:
Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, vol, 18,
no. 1, January-June F pp., illus., printed in
Italian with English abstracts, single copy L. 1,200
(about US$1.90). Laboratorio Centrale di Idrobiolo-
gia, Piazza Borghese, 91, Rome, Italy. Includes,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
among others, articles on: ''Sul problema igienico
della conservazione degli alimenti: prove organolet-
tiche e sperimental]i per differenziare il pesce scon-
gelato dal pesce fresco semplicemente refrigerato"
(Some hygienic problems of food preservation:
organoleptic inspection and laboratory tests for dif-
ferentiating frozen fish from refrigerated fish), by
Stefano Caracciolo; and ''La pesca con la rete 'gang-
amella' nel golfo di Napoli" (Fishing with the 'gang-
amella"' trawl net in the Gulf of Naples), by Mario
Santarelli and Giuseppe Micale.
JAPAN:
Data Record of Oceane raphic Observations one
loratory Fis ing, No. 8, 311 pp., illus., printed in
Saeneee an nglish, March 1964, The Faculty of
Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido,
Japan. Covers exploratory cruises to the Coral Sea,
the Southern Kurile Waters, Okhotsk Sea, Indian
Ocean, Bering Sea, and Northwestern North Pacific,
1962/1963.
Measures Planned for Implementation for the Coastal
Fisheries in 1964, 29 pp., printed in Japanese, Japa-
nese Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, 2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo,
Japan, ‘'White paper" on Japan's fisheries prepared
for submission to the 46th (Regular) Diet Session.
1963 Annual Report on Fisheries Trends (Part 1--Re-
port on Fisheries Trends. Part 2--Report on Meas-
ures Implemented for the Coastal Fisheries.), 112 pp.,
illus., printed in Japanese. Japanese Fisheries Agen-
cy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2-1, Ka-
sumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ''White Pa-
per" on Japan's fisheries prepared for submisssion
to the 46th (Regular) Diet Session.
JELLYFISH:
"Opredeleniie meduzy v tolshche vody"' (Determination
of the presence of jellyfish in midwater), by M. I.
Spectorov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 37, no,
12, 1961, pp. 38-39, illus., printed in Russian, V.
Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
LIVESTOCK FEED:
"A comparison of Queensland whalemeals and fish
meals as a protein supplement for grain-fed pigs,'' by
A.C.E, Todd, article, Australian Journal of Experi-
mental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, vol. 3, p.
69, Saecs Australian Journal of Experimental Ag-
riculture and Animal Husbandry, 226 Clarendon Sts
East Melbourne C2, Victoria, Australia.
"Effect of the conditions of flame drying on the biolog-
ical value of herring meals for pigs,’ by J. Delort-
Laval and S, Z, Zelter, article, Annales Zootechnie,
vol, 12, 1963, p. 193, printed in French. Institut Na-
tional de la Recherche Agronomique, 149 Rue de
Grenelle, Paris (7©), France,
Fisheries Management and Fish Byproducts in Live-
“stock Feeding, U.S.S.R., OTS PER EEE 383, 33 pp., illus.,
processed, June 1, 1964, $1. (Translated from the
Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no, 2, 1964.) Office of
Technical anon) lisss Department of Commerce,
Washington, D. C. 20230.
"Herring meal, antioxidants and meat products - re-
sults of feeding trials,’ by H. Astrup, H. Hvidsten,
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH ANO WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
and L, Aure, article, Zeitschrift fur Tierph siologie
Tierernahrung Futtermittelkunde, vol. 17, toes Pp.
325, printed in German with English summary, Ver-
lag Paul Parey, Spitalerstrausse 12, Hamburg, Ger-
many.
"Quality and quantity of protein in fattening rations
for pigs. I--Soyabean meal, spray-dried skimmed
milk and fish meal as protein supplements for rapid
fattening of pigs,"' by F. Witczak, M. Kotarbinska,
and F, Abgarowicz, article, Nutrition Abstracts and
Reviews, vol, 34, 1964, pp. 262, printed, Common-
wealth Bureau of Animal Nutrition, Rowett Institute,
Aberdeen, Scotland,
LOBSTER:
"Artificial hatching and rearing of lobsters--a review, "
by H. J. Thomas, article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin,
no, 21, June 1964, pp. 6-9, printed, Fisheries Divi-
sion, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for
Scotland, Edinburg, Scotland.
LUMPFISH:
Review of Genera and Species of Fishes of the Sub-
family Cyclopterinae (Pisces) (Obzor Rodov i Vidov
Ryb ree ia Cyclopterinae (Pisces), by G. U.
Lindberg and M.I. Legeza, OTS 61-31032, 75 pp.,
illus., processed, 1964, 75 cents. (Translated from
the Russian, Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Aka-
demii Nauk SSSR, vol. 18, 1355, pp. 389-458.) Office
of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Washington, D. C, 20230,
MACKEREL:
"Tsitofiziologicheskii analiz raspredeleniya molodi
'krupnoi' stavridy (Trachurus mediterraneus ponti-
cus) v severnom i vostochnom raionakh chernogo
morya" (Cytophysiological analysis of distribution of
the young of "large' horse mackerel--Trachurus
mediterraneus ponticus--in the northern and eastern
Black Sea regions), by Yu. P, Altukhov, article, Zoo-
ao Zhurnal, vol, 42, no. 4, 1963, pp. 589-
, illus., printed in Russian with English summary.
Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York,
N.Y. 10010.
MAINE:
22nd Biennial Report (for Period July 1, 1960 to June
30, F pp., illus., printed. Department of Sea
and Shore Fisheries, State of Maine, State House,
Augusta, Maine. Reviews the programs of the De-
partment of Sea and Shore Fisheries, 1960/62, with
details on enforcement, inspection, supervision of
salt-water sport fishing, rivers and harbors projects,
progress in the lobster industry, proposed lobster
research, assistance to the sardine industry, and
other topics, Also covers work of the Promotionand
Marketing Division in providing publicity, quality con-
trol, and other assistance to Maine's commercial
fisheries. Chapters on accomplishments of the En-
forcement, Marine Research, and Statistics Divisions
are included,
MARINE ALGAE:
The Marine Algae of Jamaica. Part 1--Myxophyceae
and Chi hi Part 2--Phaeophyceae a | Rho-
Chap
orophyceae, 2
doph' ceae, Ee VS. man, Bulletin of the Institute
of poet Science Series, No, 12, 160 pp.,and 201
pp., respectively, illus., printed, 1961 and 1963. The
Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica.
MENHADEN:
The Texas Menhaden Fisher: by Ernest G, Simmons
and Josep . Breuer, Bulletin No. 45, Series No, 2,
Coastal Fisheries, 16 pp., illus., printed revised 1964,
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, John H. Rea-
gan State Office Bldg., Austin, Tex. Discusses the
biology, fishing operations, products, and economic
value of the menhaden, one of the Gulf of Mexico's
most valuable fish. Includes photographs and ex-
planatory diagrams.
MEXICO:
Anuario Estadistico de Actividades Pesqueras en
Aguas Territoriales Mexicanas, 1
ica.
nnual Statis-
eport of Fishery Activities in Mexican Terri-
torial Waters, 1958), 347 pp., printed in Spanish, 1963.
Direccion General de Pesca‘e Industrias Conexas,
Secretaria de Industria y Comercio, Mexico, D.F.
Contains statistical tables on quantity and value of
landings in Mexico during 1958 by species, by states
and territories, and by months; quantity of processed
edible and industrial fishery products by types; pro-
duction of fish and shellfish by cooperatives and by
private industry; and other similar data.
MINK FEED:
"Increasing amounts of fish meal and whalemeat meal
in feeds for young mink, and periodical feeding with
100 percent of the fresh animal feeds replaced by
dried animal feeds,"' by G. Jérgensen, G, Hillemann,
and H. Clausen, article, Dansk Pelsdyravl, vol. 26,
1963, p. 364, printed in Danish. are Peisdyravl,
Sdeasdy 8, Copenhagen, Denmark,
"Trials with different amounts of fish meal in the feed
of young mink," by G. Jérgensen, article, Dansk Pels-
dyravl, vol. 26, 1963, pp. 104, 106, 109, 171, 177,
printed in Danish. Dansk Pelsdyravl, Sdeasdy 8, Co-
penhagen, Denmark.
MOROCCO:
“La industria de conservas de pescado marroqui y el
Mercado Comun" (The Moroccan fish canning indus -
try and the Common Market), article, Industria Con-
servera, vol. 30, no, 298, April 1964, pp. 93-54,
printed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Conser-
vas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41,
Vigo, Spain,
MULLET:
"The structure of polyenoic odd- and even-numbered
fatty acids of mullet page cephalus)," by Nirmal
Sen and Hermann Schlenk, article, Journal of the
American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 41, March 1964,
pp. 241-247, printed. American Oil Chemists' Society,
35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, 11.
NETS:
"Cook Inlet set-netters,"" by Dolores D, Roguszka, ar-
ticle, Alaska Sportsman, vol, 30, no, 8, August 1964,
pp. 6-11, 54, tine printed, single copy 50 cents.
Alaska Sportsman, Suite 10, Box 1271, Juneau, Alaska.
Adventure story of a Danish family of fishermen and
its success with net fishing in Alaska, Readably
written, the article contains numerous photographs,
"Probleme der messwertubertragung vom netz zum
schiff" (Problems connected with the transmission of
measured quantities from the net to the vessel), by
L. Wolff, article, Fischereiforschung, vol. 5, no. 5,
134
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
1962, pp. 3-7, illus., printed in German. Institut fur
Hochseefischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock-
Marienehe, East Germany.
NORWAY:
Fiskeriinspektorenes og Samvirkekonsulentenes Virk-
somhet sed (Activities of Fishery Inspectors and
Cooperatives Consultants, 1962), Arsberetning Ved-
kommende Norges Fiskerier, No. 11-12, 1962, 61
pp., printed in Norwegian, 1963. A.s John Griegs
Boktrykkeri, Bergen, Norway.
"Die Norwegische tiefkuhlindustrie' (The Norwegian
industry of deep-frozen products), article, Ties
Kuhlkette, no. 92, August 1963, p. 10, illus., printed
in German. H.E. Albrecht Verslag K.G., Freiha-
merstrasse No. 2, Munich, Germany.
OCEANOGRAPHY:
CALCOFI Atlas of 10-Meter Temperatures and Salini-
ties, 1949 through 1955, California Cooperative
Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas No. 1, 1 vol.
illus., printed, 1963. Marine Research Committee,
Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif.
"Developing tropical Atlantic fisheries through inter-
national research,'' by Vernon E, Brock, article,
Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries In-
Stitute, 15th Annual Session, November 1062, pp. 152-
155, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fish-
eries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of
Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
"Fishery oceanography in the tropical Atlantic," by
Robert C. Wilson, article, Transactions of the Twenty-
Seventh North American Wildlife and Natural Re-
Sources Conference, March 12, 13, an 7 1062, pp.
=361, printed, February 1963, Wildlife Manage-
ment Institute, Wire Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20005.
The Global Sea, by Harris B. Stewart, Jr., Van No-
strand Searchlight Book No, 17, 126 pp., illus., print-
ed, 1963, $1.45. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 120
Alexander St., Princeton, N.J. Knowledge of the
seas and their resources is still limited as com-
pared to man's knowledge of the land and even of
Space, But in the past 20 years a change has taken
place and man has begun to realize the importance of
the global sea. There have been many books written
about the seas, and many more will follow. Whereas
many are too detailed or too technical for the gener-
al reader, here is a small paperbound book which is
a general and an adequate introduction to the seas--
their buried landscapes, moving waters, marine
plants and animals, and other resources and riches.
Something about the more recent discoveries and re-
search results in the study of the sea--oceanogra-
phy--is presented in non-technical language. The
last chapter deals with territorial waters (a contro-
versial issue among nations today), and international
cooperation in oceanography. For those who would
like to delve deeper into the subject, there is asmall
bibliography. The book also has a small but adequate
index. Covering more than 70 percent of our globe's
surface, the oceans are man's last frontier onearth.
The potential that the oceans hold for the betterment
of mankind is just beginning to be fully realized.
Any reader, no matter what his interests, will gain
something of the fascination of the seas from this
short summary. Students and the general public as
well as those interested in any aspect of the global
sea will find this as the key that will unlock the door
to man's last frontier on earth.
--Joseph Pileggi
"The International Cooperative Investigation of the
Tropical Atlantic,'' by Vernon E. Brock, article, ICO
Pamphlet No. 11, pp. 33-37, printed, April 1963. In=
teragency Committee on Oceanography, Office of Na-
val Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St., and Constitution
Ave. NW., Washington, D. C, 20333.
Man and the Sea, by Joel W. Hedgpeth, 28 pp., printed,
April 13, 1964, $2.60. Office of Technical Services,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.f
20230. The topics covered in this series of three 2
lectures are the general principles of marine bioldgy
and oceanography, the role of marine biological sta-
tions in marine research, and the natural resources
of the sea.
Oceanological Principles as Related to the Fisher
Productivity of the Seer G.K. Izhevskii, OTS 63-
11120, 193 pp., illus., processed, 1964, $2.00. (Trans-
lated by A. Birron and Z.S. Cole, from the Russian
Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1961.) Office of Techni-
cal Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash-
ington, D. C. 20230.
Spperanies in ee by E. John Long, Pub-
ication No, 4537, pp., illus., printed, July 1964,
50 cents. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C. 20560. Discusses the need for young people in
the various fields of oceanographic work, the chal-
lenges to be found in the seas, types of oceanographic
research and qualities required to perform them, and
other related sciences. Also covers various types of
oceanographic cruises, the work of land-based labo-
ratories, the Federal Government's part in this re-
search work, and oceanography in industry. Informa-
tion is given on how to become an oceanographer, the
value of sea experience, obtaining financial assist-
ance, how and where to study, qualifications for Fed-
eral employment, and the availability of scholarships
and assistanceships. A final word is given on expect-
ed future accomplishments in oceanography and the
hope of the late President John F. Kennedy that we
may “drive back the frontiers of the unknown in the
waters which encircle our globe."
"Overview of Government-Industry Oceanographic In-
strumentation Symposium," by Julius Rockwell, Jr.,
article, Proceedings of the Navy Research and De-
velopment Clinic fiston, ew Mexico, September
ise pp. C-1-C-6, printed, 1963. Office of Naval Re-
search, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW.,
Washington, D. C. 20333.
OCEAN PERCH:
"Effect of tagging on redfish growth rate at Eastport,
Maine," by George F. Kelly and Allan M. Barker, ar-
ticle, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Spe-
cial Publication No. 4, pp. a UEPSER printed, 1963. In-
ternational Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O.
Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada.
November 1964
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE F'
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
"Estimation of population size and mortality rates
from tagged redfish, Sebastes marinus L., at East-
port, Maine," by George F. Kelly and Allan M. Bark-
er, article, North Atlantic Fish Marking S sium,
Special Publication No. 4, pp. 204-209, eit 1563.
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O.
Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada,
OYSTERS:
Experiments in Oyster Culture, by Luis Castillo,
Translation Series No. 367, 11 pp., printed, 1961.
(Translated from the Spanish,
Imprenta Cervantes,
vol. 50, 1910.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada.
"The Government-industry co-operative oyster re-
search program. IlI--Processing studies; IV--
Procedure for determining solids change," by A.
Kramer and others, articles, Journal of the Associ-
ation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 45, 2:
pp. 1011-1050, printed. Association of Official Ag-
ricultural Chemists, P,O. Box 540, Benjamin Frank-
lin Station, Washington, D,. C. 20004,
"Index of condition and percent solids of raft-grown
oysters in Massachusetts," article, Proceedings of
the National Shellfisheries Association, vol. ae pp.
47-52, printed, June 1963, Nationa ellfisheries
Association, Virginia Institute of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point, Va.
"El mercado ingles de la ostra'' (The English market
for oysters), article, Informacion Conservera, vol.
12, no, 123-124, March-April 1964, p. , printed
in Spanish, single copy 30 pesetas (about 50 U.S,
cents), Informacion Conservera, Colon, 62, Valen-
“cia, Spain.
"Progress in oyster mortality studies," by James B. |
Engle and Aaron Rosenfield, article, Proceedings of
the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, An-
nual Session, November pp. 116-124, April —
1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine
Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
PERU:
Estudio de la Fauna Ictiologica de los Esteros y Parte
Baja de los Rios del Departamento de Tum = (Peru)
(Study of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Estuaries
and Lower Reaches of the Rivers of the Department
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
of Tumbes, Peru), by Norma Chirichigno F., Serie
de Divulgacion Cientifica 22, 87 pp., illus., printed
in Spanish, 1963, Servicio de Pesqueria, Ministerio
de Agricultura, Lima, Peru,
PESTICIDES:
"Pesticides - a new factor in coastal environments,"
by Philip A. Butler and Paul F. Springer, article,
Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth North American
ildlife and Natural Resources Conference, March 4,
6, pp. 380-390, printed. e Management
ani
Institu
POLLUTION CONTROL:
"Aquatic life needs protection," by Clarence M. Tarz-
well, article, Chemical Engineering Progress, vol.
59, no. 11, November 1963, pp. 27-28, Ths printed,
single copy $3. American Institute of Chemical En-
te, Wire Bldg., Washington, D. C, 20005,
135
THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
gineers, Editorial and Advertising Offices, 345 E, 47th
St., New York, N. Y. 10017. Prime objective of aquat-
ic biologists in the water pollution field is to set up
water quality criteria essential for the protectionand
maintenance of aquatic life, according to the author.
These standards must protect the most sensitive
species; average conditions are a poor measure since
extremes of environment can render streams unfit
for fish the year round, It is suggested that tentative
water quality criteria be established immediately and
that research be conducted to devise methods by
which organisms can be used in the transformation
of waste matter into useful material.
POULTRY FEED:
"Comparison of the nutritive value of fish meal and
fermented fish meal in chick rations," by N. Reyntens
and L, Keppens, article, Revue de l' Agriculture,
Brussels, vol. 15, 1962, p. 1520, Ser: Ministre
de I’ Agriculture, 14 Rue de la Limite, Brussels 3,
Belgium.
POULTRY NUTRITION:
"The action of fish meal of different origins on the
growth of chicks,’ by R. Fangauf, H. Vogt, and W.
Penner, article, Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, vol, 27,
part 2, 1963, p. 135, printed in German. Fritz Pfen-
niustorff, Herworthstrasse 3, Berlin-Lichlerfelde-1,
Germany.
QUALITY:
Determinacao Quantative do Ranco por Auto -Grida-
cao pelo Acido 2-Tiobarbutirico antitative De-
termination of Rancidi rough Autoxidation by Use
of 2-Thiobarbutiric Acid), by Luis Torres, and Ro-
mano Granger, Notas Mimeografadas No. 31, 13 pp.,
illus., processed in Portuguese with French and Span-
ish summaries, 1962. Centro de Biologia Piscatoria,
Lisbon, Portugal.
"Direct gas chromatographic analysis as an objective
method of flavor measurement," by W. W. Nawar and
I.S. Fagerson, article, Food Technolo vol, 16, no,
11, 1962, pp. 107-109, illus., printed, e Garrard
Press, 510 N, Hickory, Champaign, M11,
"Discoloration of marine animal products, Part I," by
Masamichi Toyomizu and Yukio Tomiyasu, article,
Chemical Abstracts, vol, 59, October 28, 1963, 10695e,
printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St.
NW., Washington, D. C. 20006,
The Sensory Assessment of Iced Whitefish by a Panel
“Technique, by J. M. Shewan and A.C.5, Ehrenberg,
Torry Memoir No. 88, 7 pp., illus., printed in English
with French and Spanish summaries, 1962, Torry Re-
search Station, Aberdeen, Scotland.
"The significance of variations in the nucleotide, amino
acid, and carbohydrate contents of fish muscle in re-
lation to quality evaluation," by F. Bramstedt, arti-
cle, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 58, March 4, 1963,
4972c, printed, American Chemical Society, 1155
16th St. NW., Washington, D. C, 20006.
RADIOACTIVE WASTES:
"Accumulation of radionuclides by aquatic organisms,"
by Theodore R, Rice, article, Studies of the Fate of
Certain Radionuclides in Estuarine and Other Aquatic
Environments, Public Health Service Publication No.
136
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE » BUT USUALLY MAY BE
999-5-3, pp. 35-50, printed, May 1963. Public Health
Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Washington, D. C. 20201,
"Savannah estuary environmental radiological survey
(SEERS) project," by Julius J. Sabo, John P. Baptist,
and Fred G, Rueter, article, Studies of the Fate of
Certain Radionuclides in Estuarine and Other Aquat-
ic Environments, Public Health Service Publication
No. 999-R-3, pp. 11-33, printed, May 1963. Public
Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, Washington, D. C, 20201.
REFRIGERATION:
"Kaltetechnische einrichtung von fischfang und -fab-
rikschiffen" (Refrigerating plants on board fishing-
boats and factoryships), by W. Flechtenmacher, ar-
ticle, Kaltetechnik, vol. 15, no. 10, October 1963,
pp. 314-320, illus., printed in German. Verlag C.F.
Miller, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RESEARCH VESSEL:
"Flip Returns from Mid-Pacific Research Cruise,"
by John Northrop, 1 p., printed, March 1964. (Re-
printed from Transactions, American Geophysical
Union, vol. 45, no. 1, March 1964, p. 165.) Marine
Physical Laboratory, University of California, San
Diego, Calif.
"Porpoise--Summary Report, '' by K. R. Marsh, Report
No, 2 55400 4R50209, 24 pp., printed, June 10, 1964,
Ling-Tempo Vought, Dallas, Tex. Describes a buoy-
ancy-propelled underwater vehicle designed for utili-
zation initially as an oceanographic research vessel.
Intended to descend and ascend alternately as it
glides through the water. Buoyance control is uti-
lized to effect the depth change and to obtain a thrust
force along the flight path. Vessel is equipped with
Wings hinged on a skewed axis for stability.
Predictions of the Collapse Strength of Three HY-100
Steel Spherical Hulls Fabricated for the Oceanograph-
ic Research Vehicle 'Alvin,” by Thomas J. Kiernan,
DT. > 41 pp., printed, March 1964, $1.25, Of-
fice of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C. 20230,
"Report on the new Albatross IV," by Robert L. Ed-
wards, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Carib-
bean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, No-
vember 1962, pp, 55-59, printed, 1963. Gulf and
Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Laboratory,
University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami 49, Fla.
ROE:
"Color changes on fish roe products dyed black," by
J. Winziger, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59,
August 5, 1963, 940le, printed. American Chemical
Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006.
SALMON:
"Atlantic salmon in the U.S.S,R.,"" by Nikolai I, Ko-
zhin, article, The Atlantic Salmon Journal, no, 2,
June 1964, pp, 3-4, 7, illus., printed. AtlanticSalm-
on Association, 1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25,
Canada. Discusses the occurrence of the Atlantic
salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic, Barents, and
White Seas; fluctuations of the catch from year to
year; and average annual catch, 1954-56, ofabout 3.7
million pounds, Also covers the management of At-
lantic salmon rivers; the rearing of smolt in 10
months with a special feed; Soviet research agencies
concerned with artificial salmon breeding and other
biological activities; efforts to acclimatize two Pa-
cific salmon species (Oncorhynchus keta and O. gor-
buscha) to Atlantic environments; and Soviet mem-
bership in international organizations concerned with
salmon.
Comparative Analysis of the Desmoltification Process
Among the Young of Different Ecological Forms of
Atlantic Salmon, by NV. Evropeytseva, Translation
Series No. , 24 pp., illus., printed, 1963. (Trans-
lated from the Russian, Uchenye Zapiski Leningrads-
kogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, no. 311, 1962,
pp. 46-73.) Biological Station, Fisheries Research
Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada.
"Influence of freshwater environment on survival of
coho salmon," by William A. Smoker, article, Pro-
ceedings of the Sixteenth International Congress of
Zoology, vol. 1, 1963, p. 245, printed. Secretary,
Permanent Committee of International Zoological
Congresses, 105 Blvd. Raspail, Paris 6, France.
"Nutrition of salmonoid fishes. XI--Iodine require-
ments of chinook salmon," by A. N. Woodall and
Gilles LaRoche, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 82,
April 1964, pp. 475-482, printed. American Institute
of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa.
"Opyt akklimatizatsii gorbushi i kety v basseine Barent-
sova i Belogo morei" (Experimental acclimatization
of pink and chum salmon in the basin of the Barents
and White Seas), by V. V. Azbelev and S.S. Surkov,
article, Akklimatizatsia zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 210-
211, printed in Russian, 1963. ademiia Nauk Ka-
zakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata, U.S.S.R.
“Passage of salmon fingerlings through small tunnels,"
by Theodore H. Blahm, article, Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society, vol. 92, no. 3, July 1963,
pp. 302-303, printed. American Fisheries Society,
1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C, 20005.
"Produtsirovanie spermy tikhookeanskimi lososyami
roda Oncorhynchus" (Sperm production in Pacific
Ocean salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus), by A. I.
Smirnoy, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1,
1963, pp. 84-98, printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk
SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
"The reproduction of salmon in Scandinavia and the
British Isles,'' by Wilfred M, Carter, article, The
Atlantic Salmon Journal, no. 2, June 1964, pp. 22-26,
illus., printed, Atlantic Salmon Association, 1559
McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada.
"Scientists probe riddle of salmon's death," article,
The Atlantic Salmon Journal, no, 2, June 1964, pp.
20-21, illus., printed, Atlantic Salmon Association,
1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada.
"Study of amino acids, free or as components of pro-
tein, and of some B-vitamins in the tissues of the At-
lantic salmon, Salmo salar, during spawning migra-
tion," by C. B, Cowey, K. W. Daisley, and G, Parry,
November 1964
article, Comparative Biochemistr, and Physiology,
vol, 7, 1962, p. 29, printed. Comparative Biochem-
istry and Physiology, 122 E, 55th St., New York 22,
NL Yie
SALT FISH:
A Report to the Fishing Industry on a Method for the
~ Accelerated Cooling of Green, Heavily Salted Fish,
by A. L. Wood, New Series Circular No, 12, 2 pp.,
processed, 1962. Technological Station, Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, P.O. Box 429, Halifax,
N.S., Canada,
SAURY:
5, Lov sairy nasosom s primeneniem sveta i eletrotoka"’
, (Pacific sauries taken by pump with the help of light
- and electric current), by I. V. Nikonorov and A, Kh,
' Pateev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 39, no, 2,
1963, pp. 51-53, ee printed in Russian. V. Kras-
nosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S,S.R. Reviews
the use of pumps and lights for catching sprat in the
Caspian Sea, This method was used experimentally
for catching other fish, particularly Pacific sauries,
in other regions but did not give satisfactory re-
sults until 1962. A successful standard fish-pumping
installation is illustrated in this article, Though re-
search and experiments are not completed, the au-
thors recommend that a few vessels be equipped with
fish-pumping installations for commercial purposes.
SCALLOPS:
"Tagging as a technique in population studies of the
sea scallop," by J. A. Posgay, article, North Atlantic
Fish Marking S osium, Special Publication No. 4,
pp. 268-271, elated, 1963, International Commis-
sion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford
Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth,
N.S., Canada.
SEA LAMPREY:
The Use of Alkalinity and Conductivit
to Estimate Concentrations of 3-trifluormethyl-4-
nitrophenol Required for Treating Lampre cine,
by Richard K. ae echnical Report no, 7,
pp., printed, November 1963, Great Lakes Fishery
Commission, Natural Resources Bldg., University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Measurements
SHRIMP:
"Abundance of postlarval shrimp--one index of future
shrimping success," by Kenneth N, Baxter, article,
Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries In-
stitute, 15th Annual Session, November 1962, pp. 79-
87, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fish-
eries Institute, The Marine Laboratory, University
of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
“Expanded research on Gulf of Mexico shrimp re-
sources,'' by Joseph H. Kutkuhn, article, Proceedings
of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, lot
Annual Session, November 1962, pp. 68-79, printed,
April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute,
The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rick-
enbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
The Recent Genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean
“Shrimps (Class Crustacea, Order peepee > Super-
section Natantia) with Keys for Their Determination,
by Lipke B, Holthuis, 157 pp., illus., printed, 1955.
E.J. Brill, Oude Rijn, 33a, Leiden, Netherlands.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
137
"On some aspects of quality of cooked frozen prawns,"
by V. Krishna Pillai and A. Lekshmy, article, Indian
Journal of Fisheries, vol, 8, October 1961, pp. 440-
448, printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture of
Government of India, New Delhi, India,
SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT:
Following issued by Small Business Administration,
Washington, D, C, 20416:
How Do You Know What Your Business is Worth?
by G.H.B. Gould and Dean C. Coddington, Management
Aid for Small Manufacturers No, 166, 4 pp., processed,
August 1964, Although small businessmen need to
place a value on their businesses when negotiating for
funds, when settling estates, or when selling out, there
is no standard formula for determining value. Often
value is subjective--what a person thinks the business
is worth to him. This leaflet discusses three methods
for estimating value: asset valuation, market worth,
and capitalized earnings value, In this last method,
two steps are used, First, you find a company's true
earning power, based on both its past experience and
future probabilities. Second, you capitalize these
earnings at a rate which is realistic for the risks in-
volved. The leaflet concludes that the capitalized
earnings approach is the most valid because that meth-
od embodies all the factors in valuation.
Pricing, Production, and Marketing Policies of
Small Manufacturers, by Robert F. Lesmillott and
Gordon O. Parrish,-Management Research Summary,
2 pp., processed, 1964, The study discussed in this
summary is based on an analysis of the pricing prac-
tices of 256 small manufacturers located in the State
of Washington and having fewer than 250 workers.
Typically, more than half the production of the firms
consisted of standard products for inventory. Gen-
erally these firms did not make detailed analysis of
production and distribution costs. They reliedheavily
on rules-of-thumb in their pricing, About three-
fourths of them tried to set prices so as to realize a
predetermined profit rate. Net profits on sales before
taxes averaged only 5.9 percent for this group during
the 1950-1959 period. However, since many of the un-
incorporated firms did not deduct owner-managers'
salaries as a cost, they did not in fact realize any re-
turn at all on invested capital.
Problems in Small Business Management, by Wil-
liam Rotch, Management Research Summary, 2 pp.,
processed, 1963. The report summarized in this leaf-
let consists of a collection of case studies of small
businesses and some readings related to various as-
pects of small-business management. Each case is a
description of a real business--its people, products,
and operations. Five groups of cases are presented:
starting a business; developing a business; financing
a firm; major expansion of a company; and special
situations involving personnel or other types of prob-
lems. The purpose of the study was to develop mate-
rial for a course or seminar in the management of
small enterprises.
The Relation of Management Decision Making to.
Small Business Growth, = F. Parker Fowler, Jr. and
BE, W. Sandberg, Management Research Summary, 2 pp.,
processed, 1964. One approach to helping small busi-
nesses is based on the idea that they differ from large
businesses in kind as well as in size. The study sum-
.
138
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
marized in this leaflet (of 43 Colorado manufacturers
with identical products) classifies the owner-managers
as: the conservative operator, managing a relatively
stable firm; the aggressive innovator, achieving a rap-
id growth pattern; and the industry stalwart, desiring
status in the industry for his firm. Also shownis that
the small business owner-manager differs from the
hired manager in that the former specifies both his
firm's goals and the means by which they are to be
attained, The recommendation is made thatassist-
ance to individual firms should include the construc-
tion of internal information systems.
Value Analysis for Small Business, by Daniel D.
Roman, Technical Aids for Small Manufacturers No.
87, 4 pp., processed, May-June 1964, Value analysis
(sometimes called value engineering or value control)
is a technique that aims to find new ways to get equal
or superior performance from a product or method
at lower costs, while retaining quality, function, and
reliability. Its concept is that it is easier to increase
profits by reducing costs than by increasing sales.
Checking with experts, exchanging ideas, watching for
unreasonable specifications, knowing where to get fac-
tual help, and using ingenuity instead of merely fol-
lowing custom and tradition--all these and more are
the techniques used in value analysis. This leaflet
explains the principles of value analysis and how they
can be adapted to small business use; reports various
instances of successful use of this technique; and
makes certain suggestions for company acceptance.
SMALL CRAFT:
The following color-illustrated charts, each 23 by
37 inches, are available free from Touring Service,
Mobil Oil Company, 150 E, 42nd St., New York, N, Y.
10017:
Cruising Guide 1--Eastport, Maine, to Barnegat In-
let, New Jersey, Including Long Island and New York
City Waters.
Cruising Guide 2--Montreal, Canada to Key West,
Florida, Including St. Lawrence River, Hudson River,
Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay,
Cruising Guide 3--Great Lakes, Thousand Islands, New
York Waterways, Ohio River, Mississippi River,
Gulf Coast from Mobile, Alabama, to Brownsville,
Texas, Plus Selected Areas,
Cruising Guide 4--Pacific Coast from Puget Sound to
San Diego and Colorado River,
SMOKING:
"Optimization of the electrostatic smoking process,"
by J. Tilgner and Z, E, Sikorski, article, Fleisch-
wirtschaft, vol, 15, no, 5, 1963, pp. 391-395, illus.,
printed in German with English, French, Italian, and
Spanish summaries, Verlafshaus Sponholz Gmbh,
Kockstrasse 60-61, Berlin SW 68, Germany.
SPINY LOBSTER:
Contribucion al Conocimiento de las Langostas del
Pacifico Mexicano y su Pesqueria (Contribution to
the Knowledge of the Spiny Lobster of the Mexican
Pacific Coast and Its Fishery), by Hector Chapa
Saldana, 67 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with Eng-
lish summary, 1964, Instituto Nacional de Investi-
gaciones Biologico- Pesqueras, Secretaria de Indus-
tria y Comercio, Direccion General de Pesca e In-
dustrias Conexas, Mexico, D.F.
Sobre los Estadios Larvales de la Langosta Comun
PANULIRUS ARGUS (On the Larval Stages of the
Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus), by Julio A. Baisre,
Contribution No- 19, 37 ppillus.. printed in Spanish
with English abstract, January 1964. Centro de In-
vestigaciones Pesqueras, Instituto Nacional de la
Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba. In this study, 121
phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster were found in
the stomach contents of skipjack and blackfin tuna
and in plankton samples collected from Cuban fishing
grounds, All 11 stages, with the exception of stage
III, were identified among the specimens examined,
"Lobster fishery off the southwest coast of India,'' by
H. Miyamoto and A, T. Shariff, article, Indian Journal
of Fisheries, vol. 8, no. 2, 1961, pp. 252-268, illus.,
printed. Indian Journal of Fisheries, Ministry of
Food and Agriculture, New Delhi, India.
"Report on South African rock lobsters--Notes on the
reproductive biology and size limit of S.A. rock
lobsters, Part 2," by A.E.F. Heydorn, article, The
South African Shipping News and Fishing Industr
Review, vol. 19, no. 6, jane 1964s ppeoe 35, 07-09,
101, 103-105, illus., printed, single copy 30 cents
(about 42 U.S. cents). Thomson Newspapers, South
Africa (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 80, Cape Town, South
Africa Republic. Deals with the attainment of sexual
maturity and the reproductive potential of the South
African spiny lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards),
and the importance of these factors in relation to the
determination of minimum size limits.
SPRAT:
"O podvodnykh nabliudeniiakh za poviedeniiem kilki"
(On underwater observations of the behavior of
sprats), by I. V. Nikonorovy, article, Rybnoe Khoziai-
stvo, vol. 38, no. 1, 1962, pp, 32-36, ius, printed
i ussian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow,
U.S.S.R.
SQUID:
"Studies on the relationship between current boundary
zones in waters to the southeast of Hokkaido and mi-
gration of the squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus
(Steenstrup),'' by Tsuneyoshi Suzuki, article, Mem-
oirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University,
vol, 2, no, 2, 1963, pp. 75-153, illus., printed, Facute
ty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Ja-
pan,
STANDARDS:
State of California Standards and Specifications~--Sea-
foods; Fresh, Frozen, and Processed Fish; Inspec-
tion, Testing, and Certification, T63-p-17, 87 pp.,
processed, August 1, 1963. Purchasing Division, De-
partment of Finance, State of California, Sacramento,
Calif. Contains the State of California specifications
for fresh, frozen, and processed fish and shellfish,
and inspection, testing, and certification procedures,
Also incorporates all of the National Association of
State Purchase Officials (NASPO) specifications for
fishery products developed by the U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries Gloucester Technological
Laboratory. Those include specifications for frozen
November 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
139
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
ocean-perch fillets and Pacific ocean-perch fillets;
chilled and frozen cod or haddock fillets; scallops--
frozen raw, frozen raw breaded and frozen fried
breaded; fish portions--frozenraw, frozen raw
breaded and frozen fried breaded; shrimp--raw or
cooked--chilled or frozen; and shrimp--frozen raw
breaded, In addition to adopting the NASPO specifi-
cations verbatim, the State requires USDI inspection
and grading of all products, All standardized prod-
ucts purchased by the State must be U.S, Grade A
quality,
STERN-TRAWLERS:
"Le premier grand chalutier portugais a péche par
larriére" (The first large Portuguese stern-trawl-
er), article, La Péche Maritime, vol. 43, no, 1035,
June 20, 1964, pp. 468-471, illus., printed in French,
single copy 20 francs (about US$4.05), La Péche
Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris Bo.
France,
"Réflexions sur les chalutiers a péche par l'arriere
et estimation des temps de manoeuvre" (Thoughts on
the stern trawler and estimates of operating time),
by M. Birkhoff, article, La Péche Maritime, vol. 43,
no, 1035, June 20, 1964, pp. 409-414, illus., printed
in French, single copy 20 francs (about US$4.05). La
Péche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris
8°, France,
SUBMARINES FOR RESEARCH:
"Employment of submarines for scientific research,"
by Donald W, Strasburg, article, Proceedings of the
Hawaiian Academy of Science, 38th Annual Meeting
1962/1963, p. 13, printed, 1963. University of Ha-
waii, Honolulu, Hawaii,
SWEDEN:
"Aktuella ekonomiska problem inom fisket' (Present
economic problem in the fishery), by Ingemar Ger-
hard, Svenska Vastkustifiskaren, vol, 34, no, 13-14,
July 15, 1964, pp. 274-275, printed in Swedish, Sven-
ska Vastkustfiskarnas, Centralforbund, Ekonomiuts-
koffet Postbox 1014, Goteborg 4, Sweden.
THAWING:
"Thawed frozen foods," article, Information Bulletin,
T.R.R.F., no. 63, August 1963, p. 3, printed. The
Refrigeration Research Foundation, 12 N. Meade Ave.,
Colorado Springs, Colo.
TOXICITY:
Fish Intoxication, Notes on Ciguatera, Its Mode of Ac-
tion and a Suggested Therapy, by A. H. Banner and
others, SPC {Pra 26 pp., printed, September 1963,
75 cents, Office of Technical Services, U.S, Depart-
ment of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 20230, Cer-
tain characteristics of the toxin causing ciguatera
are reviewed, and it is pointed out that there is no
method of recognizing specific fish which may bear
the toxin, nor of detecting the toxin in a fish except
by feeding tests, nor of destroying the toxin by any
normal means of food preparation. Some aspects of
the pharmacology of the toxin and a possible simi-
larity in action of the toxin to the curariform drugs
are discussed. Case histories are presented in
which recovery, partial or complete, might be attri-
buted to neostigmine or neostigmine-Tensilon ther-
apy. Chemical and pharmacological studies are re-
viewed which show similarities between the toxin
found in a barracuda from Guam and red snappers
from the Line Islands,
"Japanese puffer fish," article, Science News Letter,
vol, 86, no, 9, August 29, 1964, p. 139, printed, sin-
gle copy 15 cents, Science Service, 1719 N.St. NW.,
Washington, D,. C, 20036,
"Toxicological action of sodium pentachlorophenol and
hexachlorophene on fish and other aquatic animals,"
by Hans Joachim Bandt and Dietwart Nehring, arti-
cle, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 58, April 29, 1963,
9451g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155
16th St, NW., Washington, D. C, 20006,
TRAWLING:
"Size selection of fish by otter trawls: results of re-
cent experiments in the Northwest Atlantic,"' by John
R. Clark, Special Publication No, 5, pp. 24-96, print-
ed, 1963. International Commission for the North-
west Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Bedford Insti-
tute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S.,
Canada,
"Za traleniia na povyshennykh skorostaikh" (Trawling
at increased speeds), by V.I. Kaplan, A. B, Lishin,
and E.I. Zaitsev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol.
38, no. 5, 1962, pp. 30-44, printed in Russian. V.
Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U,S.S.R.
TUNA:
"Detection of green-meat tuna before cooking," by
Chujiro Nagaoka and Naotatsu Suzuki, article, Food
Technology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp, 183-187, printed,
e Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, IIl.
"Refrigeration and freezing plant for tuna fishing boats,"
article, Sabroe News, no, 54, June 1963, illus., print-
ed, Thomas Sabroe and Co, Ltd., Aarhus, Denmark.
"Ricerche sugli amminoacidi del tonno in Scatola"'
(Studies on Amino Acids in Canned Tuna), by Duilio
Pirati, article, Industria Conserve, vol. 39, no, 2,
April-June 1964, pp. -107, illus., printed inItalian
with English summary, single copy L, 1,500 (about
US$2.40). Stazione Sperimentale Industria Conserve
Alimentari, Viale Tanara 33, Parma, Italy.
"Tuna trolling and its prospects in New Caledonia,"
by R. Criou, article, Technical Paper, no, 134, 1961,
pp. 1-13, illus., processed, South Pacific Commis-
sion, Box 5254, G,.P.O., Sydney, Australia,
"Will tuna research change direction?" by Vernon E,
Brock, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Carib-
bean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, No-
vember > pp. 50-52, printed, April 1963. Gulf
and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Labora-
tory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami 49, Fla.
TUNA AND MACKEREL:
Preliminary Field Guide to the Mackerel- and Tuna-
Like Fishes of the Indian Ocean (Scombridae),™ by
Bruce B. Collette and Robert H. Gibbs, 48 pp., print-
ed, 1963, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C,
20560,
140 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 11
TUNA AND TUNALIKE:
The following articles appeared in Proceedings of
the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Tunas.
and Related Species, La Jolla, California, 1962, FAO
Fisheries Report No. 6, vol. 3, 1963. Fisheries Di-
vision, Food and Agriculture Organization .of the Unit-
ed Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome,
Italy.
Processed in English with French and Spanish sum -
maries;
"Albacore scouting in the eastern North Pacific Ocean,"
by Leo Pinkas, pp. 1343-1353.
"The California albacore fishery logbook system," by
William Craig, pp. 1217-1255, illus.
"California's tuna record gathering system," by Ed-
ward C, Greenhood, pp. 1367-1379, illus.
"Changes in availability of albacore in the eastern Pa-
cific Ocean 1952 and 1958,"’ by James H. Johnson, pp.
1227-1235, illus.
"Climatic parameters and the Hawaiian skipjack fish-
ery,'' by Gunter R. Seckel, pp. 1201-1208, illus.
"Comparative distribution of eggs, larvae and adults
in relation to biotic and abiotic environmental fac-
tors," by Hiroshi Yabe, Yoichi Yabuta, and Shoji
Ueyanagi, pp. 979-1009, illus.
"A contribution to the biology of Philippine tunas," by
Inocencio A. Ronquillo, pp. 1683-1752, illus.
"Distribution and abundance of tuna related to wind
and ocean conditions in the Gulf of Tehuantepec,
Mexico," by Maurice Blackburn, pp. 1557-1582,
illus.
"Distribution and relative abundance of tunas in re-
lation to their environment," by Taivo Laevastu, pp.
1835-1851, illus,
"Distribution of the yellowfin tuna Neothunnus ma-
cropterus (Temminck and Schlegel)in the tuna long-
line fishing grounds of the Pacific Ocean," by Tadao
Kamimura and Misao Honma, pp. 1299-1328, illus.
"Effects of water temperature on the distribution of
some scombrid fishes along the Pacific coast of North
America," by John Radovich, pp. 1459-1475, illus.
"A first examination of the abundance and distribution
of yellowfin and albacore tuna in the western tropical
Atlantic, 1957 to 1961," by Flavio Rodrigues Lima
and John P, Wise, pp. 1515-1521, illus.
"Fishing techniques for tunas and skipjack,"' by Shigene
Takayama, pp. 1067-1076.
"Food of Indian tunas,"' by P. T. Thomas and M. Ku-
maran, pp. 1659-1667, illus.
"Food of Pacific albacore in the California fishery
(1955-1961)," by Harold B. Clemens and Robert A.
Iselin, pp. 1523-1535, illus,
"Food of skipjack in the central Pacific,'' by Kenneth
D. Waldron and Joseph E, King, pp. 1431-1457, illus.
"Future lines of tuna research, mainly in relation to fish-
eries oceanography, '' by Michitaka Uda, pp. 1087-1095.
"Growth and sexual dimorphism in growth of bigeye
tuna (Thunnus obesus). A preliminary report," by
Richard S. Shomura and Betty Ann Keala, pp. 1409-
1417, illus.
"Investigation of tuna behavior by fish finder,'' by
Minoru Nishimura, pp. 1113-1123, illus.
"The matter of availability and the harvest of tunas,"
by Gerald V. Howard, pp. 1041-1055, illus.
"Measurement of the shape of the tuna long-line and
an analysis of its efficiency,'' by Chikamasa Hamuro,
pp. 1133-1142, illus.
"A method for computing estimates and variances of
relative log fishing powers of California albacore
vessels,'' by Norman J. Abramson, pp. 1209-1215,
illus.
"A method of sampling the Pacific albacore (Thunnus
see) catch for relative age composition, by
avid J. Mackett, pp. 1355-1366.
"A model of albacore migration in the north Pacific
Ocean," by Harold B. Clemens, pp. 1537-1548, illus.
"Monofilament gill net fishing for skipjack tuna in Ha-
Waiian waters. A progress report,'' by Richard S.
Shomura, pp. 1177-1199, illus.
"An outline of the tuna longline grounds in the Indo-
Pacific, Preliminary report,'' by Akira Suda, Tsu-
tomu Koto, and Susumu Kume, pp, 1163-1176, illus.
"The past, present and future status of the tuna re-
sources of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Is-
lands," by Peter T. Wilson, pp. 1633-1638.
"Preliminary experiments with Tilapia as bait inthe
tuna fishery off the coast of Brazil,'' by Jose Boni-
facio Gomes da Fonseca, pp. 1109-1112.
"Schooling behavior within aggregations composed of
yellowfin and skipjack tuna,’ by Heeny S. H. Yuen,
pp. 1419-1429, illus.
"Seasonal and annual variation of the hooking-rate and
annual variation of the catch-quantity of tuna and
marlin in the tropical Atlantic Ocean," by J. Naka-
gome and S. Suzuki, pp. 1279-1297, illus.
"Size and composition of tuna stocks,’ by Johs Hamre,
pp. 1023-1039, illus.
"Spawning of the oceanic skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis
(Linnaeus), in the Laccadive Sea, by G. Raju, pp.
1669-1682, illus.
"Statistics of catch and effort required for scientific
research on the tuna fisheries,’ by Milner B. Schae-
fer, pp. 1077-1086.
"Structure of the albacore stock and fluctuation in the
catch in the North Pacific areas,'' by Akira Suda, pp.
1237-1277, illus.
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 141
"Studies of oceanic fronts in the mouth on the Gulf of
California, an area of tuna migrations," by Raymond
C. Griffiths, pp. 1583-1605, illus.
"Subpopulation identification,'' by John C. Marr, pp.
1011-1021,
"Thermal relationships of tuna in the oceanic North-
west Atlantic,'' by James L, Squire Jr., pp. 1639-
1657, illus.
“Tuna landings and production 1916-1961," by Edward
C, Greenhood and Sterling P. Davis, pp. 1395-1407,
illus. California tuna catch and production are com-
pared with those of the United States and the world,
"Tuna tagging experiments in Norwegian waters," by
Johs Hamre, pp. 1125-1132, illus.
"Tunas (genus Thunnus) of the western North Atlantic.
III--Distribution and behavior of Thunnus species,"
by Frank J. Mather III, pp. 1159-T16T.
"World-wide tuna research planning," by Wilbert
McLeod Chapman, pp. 1097-1107.
Processed in French with Englishand Spanish sum-
maries:
"Description des stades post-larvaires et juveniles de
Neothunnus albacora (Lowe de 1'Atlantique tropico-
oriental escription of post-larval and juvenile
stages of Neothunnus albacora (Lowe) of the eastern
tropical Atlantic), by E. Marchal, pp. 1792-1811,
illus.
Processed in Spanish with Englishand French sum-
maries:
"Especies del genero Sarda en el Pacifico Oriental,"
(Species of the genus Sarda in the Eastern Pacific),
by Aurora Chirinos de Vildosa, pp. 1549-1556, illus.
"La pesqueria del bonito en el Peru," (The bonito fish-
eries in Peru), by Felipe Ancieta, pp. 1607-1819,
illus.
"Resultados del programa de marcado de atunen aguas
espanolas" (Results of tuna-tagging plan in Spanish
waters), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda, pp. 1813-1822,
illus.
"Talla, peso, edad y crecimiento del atun del Golfo de
Cadiz, Espana" (Length, weight, age and growth of
tuna from Gulf of Cadiz, Spain), by Julio Rodriguez-
Roda, pp. 1823-1834, illus.
UNDERWATER SOUNDS:
"An indication of underwater sound production by
squid,'' by Robert T. B. Iversen, Paul J. Perkins, and
Richard D, Dionne, article, Nature, vol. 199, no. 4890,
July 20, 1963, pp. 250-251, printed. St. Martin's
Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010,
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT:
United States Government Organization Manual, 1964-
65, 791 pp., illus., printed, revised June 1, 1964,
$1.75. Office of the Federal Register, National Ar-
chives and Records Service, General Services Ad-
ministration, Washington, D. C. (Forsale by the Su-
perintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print-
ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) The official
organization handbook of the Federal Government.
Contains the Constitution of the United States andsec-
tions describing the agencies in the legislative, judi-
cial, and executive branches of the Government as
well as executive departments and independent agen-
cies, Supplemental information includes brief dis-
cussions of quasi-official agencies, selected multi-
lateral international organizations, selected bilateral
organizations, charts of the principal Federal agen-
cies, and appendices relating to abolished and trans-
ferred agencies and to Government publications. Al-
so includes descriptions of agencies working in fish-
eries and related fields: Interagency Committee on
Oceanography, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, and Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife.
U.S.S.R.:
Fisheries Research in Russia, A Historical Survey,
by P.G, Borisov, OTS 63-11121, 192 pp., illus., proc-
essed, 1964, $2.00. (Translated by Malkah Raymist
from the Russian, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo
"Vysshaya Shkola,'" Moscow, 1960.) Office of Tech-
nical Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash-
ington, D,. C, 20230.
Hydroacoustical Station Paltus, U.S.S.R., by V. P.
reriayer: OTS 64-31276, 32 pp., illus., processed,
May 18, 1964, 75 cents, (Translated from the Rus-
sian, Sudovyye Rybopoisko e i Elektronavigatsion-
nyye Pribory, 1963. ice of Technical Services,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C,
20230.
Materialy Rybokhoziastvennykh IssledovaniiSevernogo
as seina--Vypusk Fishery Research in the North-
ern Basin, Part 2), 170 pp., printed in Russian, 1964,
Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Rybnomu Khoziaistvu _
pri SNKH SSSR; Poliarnii Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiii
Proiektnyi Institut Morskogo Khoziaistva i Okeanog-
rafii im. N. M. Knopovicha PINRO), Murmansk,
U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, articles on: "Fore-
casting of the natural basis for the trawl fishery in
the central elevation area of the Barents Sea, by
K. G. Konstantinov; "Assessment of abundance of sin-
gle year-classes of Atlantic Scandinavian herring,
by IL. G, Judanov; "Sizes of mature cod in the Arcto-
Norwegian stock in 1959, 1960 and 1961," by A. S.
Baranenkova and N.S. Khokhlina; ''Some peculiarities
in menhaden morphology," by E. E. Gusev; "Dynamics
of age composition, maturation and spawning of cod
on the Flemish Cap Bank," by A.I, Postolaky; ''Re-
sults of estimation of the abundance of young cod and
haddock in the Barents Sea in Winter 1962/63," by
Z. P. Baranova and G,. P, Nizovtsev; "Influence of
transportation conditions on the future state of eggs
and larvae of the Far East salmons," by L. A. Gal-
kina; ''Distribution of seals in the Jan-Mayer area
and hydrometeorological conditions in the fishing
period of 1963," by V. A, Poteloy and F. L, Seleznev;
‘On the distribution of shrimps in the Labrador and
Newfoundland areas," by V.I, Mikhalkovich; "In-
fluence of the trawling speed upon the catchability of
the bottom trawl," by E.I. Zaitsev; ''On the use of
fish finders," by O.I, Chatoba and M.N, Shcherbino;
"The use of echo sounder when fishing under ice,
by A.A. Ganjkov and O.N, Kiselev; and ''To the
142
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
problem of increase in profitableness of the trawl
fishery in the Barents Sea,'' by V.I. Zakurdaev.
Transactions of the Murmansk Marine Biological In-
Tstitute, FTD TT-63-663, 396 Sor wenee er anuary
27, 1964, $5. (Translated from the Russian, Aka-
demiya Nauk SSSR, Murmanskii Morskoi Biologi-
Cheskii Institut, vol. 3, no. 7, 1961, pp. 1-220.) Of
fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C. 20230. Contents: proce-
dure for the collection of phytoplankton; ways in
which crustaceans adapt to changes in the chemical
nature of the external environment; the survival rate
of humpbacked salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Walb.) fry in relation to the mode of transfer from
fresh to sea water; active selective reaction of
humpbacked salmon fry in relation to sea water;
pigment reaction of the cod to uniform and nonuni-
form backgrounds; the migrations of sexually im-
mature cod and the reasons for variations in them;
and other studies.
Trudy PINRO, Vypusk 15, 1963--Akklimatizatsiia
Tikhookeanskikh Lososei v Basseine Barentseva i
Belogo Morei; Materialy po Biologii Treski 1 Mor-
skikh Mieko ‘talushchikn evera tac oliaiation of
Pacific Salmon in Barents and White Sea Basins; Bi-
ology of Cod and Marine Mammals of the Soviet
North), 286 pp., printed in Russian. Poliarnii Nau-
chno-Issledovatel'skii i Proiktnyi Institut Morskogo
Khoziaistva in Okeanografii im. N. M. Knipovicha,
Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these ar-
ticles: ''Data on the acclimatization of pink salmon
in the basin of the Barents and White Seas," by V. V.
Azbeleyv and A.A. Jakovenko; '"Experiments on regu-
lation of the maturing of pink salmon," by O. B.
Sakun, and G.M. Persov; "Observations on seaward
migration of young pink and chum salmon in the Eu-
ropean north,'' by E. L. Bakshtansky; "Rearing of
young pink and chum salmon in sea water," by E. L.
Bakshtansky; ''On the variability of the pink salmon
selective reaction to sea water,' by G. D. Bocharov;
"Cod of the Murman Coast," by T. I, Glebov; ''Ob-
servations on the feeding of cod and haddock in the
Barents Sea,'' by N.S. Novikova and V.I. Nikhalko-
vich; "Some features of the capelin ecology (Mollotus
villosus villosus Muller) in the Barents Sea,” by VS.
Prokhorov; “The autumn-winter distribution of
prespawning and spawning concentrations of polar
cod (Boreogadus saida, Lepechin) in the Barents
Sea,'"by V. P. Ponomarenko; ‘Materials on the bi-
ology and fishery of the Newfoundland harp seal,"
by R. Sh Khuzin; "On the distribution and biology of
the Greenland hooded seal," by R. Sh. Ghuzin and
M. Ja. Jakovenko; and ''Age determination and data
on the breeding whale," by R. Sh. Khuzin,
VENEZUELA:
Foreign Trade Regulations of Venezuela, OBR 64-73,
8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of In-
ternational Commerce, U.S. Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C. 20402. To encourage do-
mestic industry, tariff and nontariff controls are
utilized to protect domestic manufacturers from
foreign competition by restricting imports of com-
peting commodities, and to stimulate investment and
expansion by permitting the relatively unrestricted
entry of capital goods and primary materials re-
quired for production. All exports of Venezuelan
origin are free of duties. This report discusses, be-
sides trade policy, Venezuela's import tariff system,
sales and other internal taxes, documentation and
fees, labeling and marking requirements, and special
customs provisions. Also covers her nontariff trade
controls, export regulations, United States import
and export controls, and diplomatic representation
between the two countries.
VITAMIN A:
"On the factors of isomerization of vitamin A in fish
liver oil," by H. Baba, article, Japanese Journal of
Nutrition, vol. 21, 1963, p. 3, printed. Daiichi Shup-
panK.K., 39, 1-chome, Kanda Jimbo-cho, Chiyoda-
ku, Tokyo, Japan.
"Growth effect of vitamin A in fish liver oil on chicks,"
by H. Baba, article, Japanese Journal of Nutrition,
vol. 21, 1963, p. 8, printed. Daiichi ShuppanK.K., 39,
1-chome, Kanda Jimbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
WEATHER CHARTS:
The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each,
are published by the Weather Bureau, U. S. Department
of Commerce, Washington, D. C., and are for sale by
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, 10 cents each.
Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole
gale, and hurricane warnings, explanations of warning
displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio and TV
stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings.
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Cape Hatteras, N.C.,
to Brunswick, Ga., 1964,
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eastport, Me., to
"Montauk Po: aint N.Y., 1964, ce
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Manasquan, N.J.,
to Cape Hatteras, N.C., and Chesapeake Bay, 1964.
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Montauk Point, N.Y.,
to Manasquan, N.J., 1964 =a
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Puerto Rico and
Virgin Islands, 1964,
Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities
Chart, Great Lakes: Huron, Erie, an ntario, 1964.
Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities
Chart, Great Lakes: Superior and Michigan, 1964,
WEST AFRICA:
Foreign Trade Regulations of the West African Cus-
toms Union (Dahomey, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauri-
tania, Niger, Sene ab Upper Volta) and Togo, by (en
Michael ae OBR 64-60, 12 pp., printed, June
1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Each member of the Union (Dahomey, Ivory Coast,
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Upper Volta)
has a commercial agreement with France which pro-
vides that France will furnish economic assistance
in certain specified forms. In return, the member of
the Union undertake to buy certain commodities from
France and the franc zone either exclusively or ina
November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 143
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
specified percentage. Togo has entered into a similar Rice, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, no, 7, 1963,
agreement with France, This leaflet presents infor- pp. 181-187, printed, Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandef-
mation on the import tariff system, sales and other jord, Norway.
internal taxes, documentation and fees, mail ship-
ments, and labeling and marking requirements of WHALING:
those African countries. Also covers special cus- "'Pacific Coast whaling and whale research," by Dale
toms provisions, nontariff import controls, export W. Rice, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth
controls, United States foreign trade controls, and North American Wildlife and Natural esources on:
diplomatic representation between those countries ference, March 4, ESF, and 6, 1963, pp. 327-335, print-
and the United States. ed. Wildlife Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Wash-
; ington, D. C. 20005,
"Résultats préliminaires de la campagne Thalassa au
large du Rio de Oro et de la Mauritanie” (Prelimi- WHITING:
nary results of the fishing expedition of Thalassa off "Effect of chilled storage on the frozen storage life
the coasts of Rio de Oro and Mauritania), by Cl. of whiting," by J.A. Peters, E. H. Cohen, and F. J.
Maurin, article, Science et Peche, no, 112, 1963, 12 King, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, no, 6, June
pp., illus., printed in French. Linstitut Scientifique 1963, pp. 109-{10, printed. Phe Garrard Press,
et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Ave. Ray- 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Il.
mond-Poincare, Paris 16°, France.
YELLOW PIKE:
WHALE OIL: "The movement, heterogeneity, and rate of exploita-
"Composition of spermaceti,"' by M. Wellendorf, arti- tion of walleyes in northern Green Bay, Lake Michi-
cle, Nature, vol, 198, no. 4885, 1963, pp. 1086-1087, gan, as determined by tagging,'' by Walter R, Crowe,
printed. St Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., Earnest Karvelis, and Leonard S, Joeris, article,
New York, N.Y. 10010. Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration
de Ia Mer, Rapports et Proceedings-Verbaux des
WHALES: Reunion, vol. +o. 1963, pp. 26-41, printed. Conseil
"Progress report on biological studies of the larger International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlot-
cetacea in the waters off California,'' by Dale W. tenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
RUSSIAN THEORIES ON THE INFERIOR QUALITY
OF HATCHERY-REARED CHUM SALMON FRY
A Russian fishery scientist has proposed some interesting theories concerning the
often discussed inferior quality of hatchery-reared fry. His conclusions were based on
observations of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), but might also apply to other
salmonids.
According to N.N. Disler, hatchery fry emergent on the flat surface of trays or
troughs occur ina head-down position. This causes the oil droplet of the yolk sacto
occupy an unnatural posterior position where it causes temporary deformation of the in-
testine and prevents the passage of food. Disler further contends that, because of the na-
~ture of the artifical environment, hatchery fry begin to swim at an earlier age than wild
fry. As a resultof the exhausting movements ofthe hatchery fry, the fat content of their
“bodies--after all the yolk material has beenabsorbed--is only one-fourth that of wildfry.
In order to avoid defects in the structure and behavior of hatchery fry, Disler rec-
ommends thatthe facilities for holding young chum salmon should more nearly approxi-
mate the natural environment. He suggests that several layers of large pebbles should
be spread on the bottom of the holding containers, and water should be introduced from
the bottom through the pebbles.
A translation of Disler's paper entitled ''Development of Autumn Chum Salmon inthe
Amur River" canbe obtained for 50 cents from the Office of Technical Services, U. S. De-
partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (The Progressive Fish-Culturist, July 1964.)
144 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11
14,000-FOOT MOUNTAIN DISCOVERED IN PACIFIC
The discovery of an undersea mountain in the Pacific Ocean comparable to Mt. Whitney,
the tallest in the United States outside Alaska, was disclosed on August 25, 1964, by the
Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Department of Commerce.
The new discovery was made July 23, by the C&GS Ship Pioneer while on a six-months
international scientific expedition tothe IndianOcean. The 30,000-mile cruise of the 312-
foot floating laboratory'' ended August 11 when the ship returned to its home port of Oak-
land, Calif. Its findings will take years for scientists to evaluate.
The undersea mountain showed up onthe vessel's depth-sounding equipment about 175
miles south of Wake Island, between Hawaiiand Guam, where the ocean is almost 33 miles
deep. Although it was 3,800 feet below the surface ofthe sea, it rose at least 14, 130 feet
above the ocean floor. California's Mt. Whitney, inthe Sierra Nevada Mountains, is 14,495
feet high.
The commanding officer of the Pioneer said the undersea mountain (termed a sea-
mount by oceanographers) could be taller than the height recorded. ''We sailedover it
only once,'' he explained, ''and the site where we recorded 14,130 feetmay not have been
the highest point.
A C&GS oceanographer (who participated in the Indian Ocean expedition) said the sea-
mount was formerly | an island which probably sank beneath the ocean about 50,000,000
years ago. He said, ''The seamount is similar to any one of the Hawaiian Islands, but this
one sank beneath the oceanover a great period of time because of its enormous size. The
crust ofthe oceanbottom is just not sufficiently strong to withstand a load of suchdimen-
sions. The new seamountis probablyan extinct volcano like so many others inthe Pacific
Basin. They seem to form in groups on long linear rises or swells of the sea floor crust.
Lava is spewed out above hot spots inthe earth's mantle, that part of the earth's interior
which surrounds the central core."' He further stated that the seamount was ''a new moun-
tain, geologically speaking," adding that ''the great mystery of Pacific seamounts is why
we can not find any really old ones. Unlike mountains on land, seamounts are shielded
from erosion,’ ' explained the oceanographer, ''so, like mountains on the moon, they should
last virtually forever."
Seamounts have a practical importance aside from their interest to scientists. For
ships, most of which are now equipped with sounding devices, they furnish a method for
establishing a fixed position on the often trackless sea. The location of seamounts, es-
pecially those which are not too far below the surface of the ocean, is alsoof strategic
importance to submarines.
The new seamount will probably be named and its position will subsequently appear
on nautical charts.
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OVEN-FRIED CURRIED SHRIMP
TM cUndsisirineatresttontroren 2 teaspoons curry powder
| 1 egg, beaten %, teaspoon salt
| 1 tablespoon woter Dash pepper
1 cup dry bread crumbs, toasted % cup melted fat or oil
| Hot Marmalade Soy Dip
| Thaw frozen shrimp. Peel shrimp. Remove sand veins and wash. Combine egg
and water. Combine crumbs, curry powder, salt, and pepper. Dip shrimp in egg
and roll in crumbs. Place on a well-greased cooky sheet, 15 x 12 inches. Drizzle
| fat over shrimp. Bake in an extremely hot oven, 500° F., for 10 to 15 minutes or
| until golden brown. Serve with Hot Marmalade Soy Dip. Serves 6 .
HOT MARMALADE SOY DIP
\
Ys cup orange marmalade 1 clove garlic, finely chopped |
%, cup lemon juice Dash ginger |
cup soy sauce 1 teaspoon cornstarch 1
1 tablespoon cold water S|
Combine marmalade, lemon juice, soy sauce, garlic, dnd ginger; bring to the
boiling point. Dissolve comstarch in water. Add to hot sauce and cook! until thick- |
ened, stirring constantly. Serve hot.
Source: U. S. Bureou of Commercial Fisheries pee. stane eines / i wns y S>
Granaute was French, and her treasured recipes were
altered to utilize the wonderful seafoods so ulat
in New Orleans. Recipes like this could be found in
garrets crammed with Eugenie bonnets, Laffite’ swords,
and portraits of L’Empereur. Cosmopolitan Creole
cooks cautiously blend the flavor of Cajun country with
fastidious French flavors to produce seafood dishes
which are distinctively New Orleans. In no area
of the world. have traditional recipes been treated with
such imagination and respect. Truly, seafood recipe
treasures from the Gulf are admired and handled with
the care of priceless Napoleonic antiques.
a ‘ads, A
--'"Heirloom Seafood Recipes to Treasure, "
Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin,
U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
Washington, D. C.
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DECEMBER 196.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
VOL. 26, NO. 12
Washington, D.C.
ay
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER
= COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR
DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
RALPH C, BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR
A review of developments and news of the fishery industries
prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
Joseph Pileggi, Editor
G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors
Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209.
Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement.
The Bureau is not
responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources.
reference to the source is appreciated.
Budget, May 1, 1963.
20...
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23...
23...
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AN OeO
Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely,
Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the
5/31/68
CONTENTS
COVER: The purse-seine fishing vessel North Pacific, transformed into a beautifully decorated float,
won first prize in the San Pedro 14th Annual Fishermen's Fiesta, October 23-25, 1964. The shore~
and-water pageant this year consisted of over 30 commercial fishing vessels transformed into dec-
orated floats. The decorated boats paraded along the main channel of Los Angeles Harbor. An
annual event, it is attended by over 100, 000 spectators and is televised nationwide. Tradition for
the fiesta dates back into the 1930's when San Pedro fishermen celebrated a good season by deco-
rating their boats with pennants and taking their families for a cruise. San Pedro continues to lead
United States fishing ports--1963 landings amounted to 374 million pounds of fishery products val-
ued at $32 million.
Sanford
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS:
Salmon:
Abernathy Spawning Channel Proves Effective
for Reproduction of Chum Salmon, by Rich-
ard Bakkala
Design and Operation of a Tray Rack for the
Study of Oysters, by Michael Castagna
Alaska:
Foreign Fishing Activity off Alaska
Alaska Salmon Pack in 1964
Halibut Fishing Season in Area 2 Closes
Gear Marking Experiments
Southeast Alaska Herring Catch Moderate
King Crab Landings Low at Kodiak
Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De-
velopment:
Charter of Vessel Paragon Terminated
Alaska Fishery Investigations:
Sockeye Fry Availability Low During Sum-
mer
New Adult Pink Salmon Run Transported into
Sashin Creek
American Fisheries Advisory Committee:
Recommendations made at Meeting in New
England
Page
25...
Bilis ce
-Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South--An Industry in Transition, by Charles F. Lee andF. Bruce
-Review of the Movement of Albacore Tuna off the Pacific Coast in 1963, by Glenn A. Flittner
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.):
American Samoa:
Tuna Fleet as of August 31, 1964
Aquatic Weeds:
Use of Grass Carp from Malaysia to Fight
Water Vegetation in Ponds
California:
Petrale Sole Migration Studies and Tagging
Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued
Hatchery Fish Losses Attributed to Food
Problem
Caroline Islands:
Commercial fisheries Project at Palau Being
Developed
Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations:
Results of Midwater Trawling for Juvenile Tuna
Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con-
tinued
Earth's Gravitation Measured
Tuna Biological Studies Continued
Tuna Behavior Studies Continued
Columbia River:
Salmon Returns Encouraging
Federal Purchases of Fishery Products:
Department of Defense Purchases, January-
September 1964
Contents continued page II.
IT
Page
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40..
42..
43...
43...
45...
49...
45...
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48...
48...
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COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.12
CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Page
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): = TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.):
Fish Hatcheries: Pesticides:
Studies on Re-Use of Hatchery Water Con- 56.. Responsibility for Field Surveillance on Ef-
tinued fects on Fish and Wildlife
Fisheries Laboratory: Radiation Preservation:
Biological Laboratory at Oxford, Md., Ded- 57... Fishery Products Irradiator at Gloucester
icated by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- (Mass.) Dedicated
eries Salmon:
Fishery Research: 59.. Cooperative United States-Canadian Tagging
Federal Aid Fishery Research and Special Program
Studies Sharks:
Fishery Limits: 59.. Sound Waves of Low Frequency May Guide
Third International Law of the Sea Confer- Sharks to Food
ence Recommended by American Bar Asso- Shrimp:
ciation Group 60.. Seabed Drifters Released in Pink Shrimp Mi-
Fur Seals: gration Study off Florida
Prices for Alaska Skins at Fall 1964 Auction 61.. United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Octo-
Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear ber 1964
Development: Tennessee:
Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies 61.. Rough Fish Removal Program, April-June 1964
of Alewife, Chub, and Yellow Perch in Lake Tuna:
Michigan Continued 61.. #Age-Growth Studies of Bluefin Tuna Landed
Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: in California
Lampricide Treatment of Streams Tributary 62.. Bluefin Tuna Tagged off Mexico Recaptured
of Lake Michigan Near Japan
Gulf Fishery Investigations: U.S. Coast Guard:
Shrimp Biology Program 63... New Search and Rescue Vessel Vigilant
Shrimp Dynamics Program United States Fisheries:
Estuarine Program 63... Commercial Fishery Landings, January-
Industrial Bottomfish Fishery Program September 1964
Shrimp Distribution Studies U.S. Fishing Vessels:
Industrial Fishery Products: 64.. New Swordfish Vessel Chilmark Sword De-
Calcium and Phosphorus in Fish Meal Found livered :
Entirely Available to Chickens 64 .. Documentations Issued and Cancelled, August
Views on Use of Fish Meal and Oil in Animal 1964
Nutrition U.S. Foreign Trade:
U.S. Fish Meal, Cil, and Solubles: 65... Airborne Imports of Fishery Products,
Production by Areas, September 1964 January-June 1964
Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, August 1964 66.. Processed Edible Fishery Products,
Production, August 1964 August 1964
U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Washington:
Production and Imports, January-August 1964 67.. Excessive Fishing Damages Chinook Salmon
National Fisheries Center and Aquarium Run in Yakima River
New Plans Approved Wholesale Prices:
North Atlantic 67. . Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1964
Foreign Fishing Activities off Coast, October FOREIGN:
1964 International:
North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Fish Meal: 5
Gear Development: 69... Production and Exports for Selected Coun-
Experiments on Off-Bottom Trawling as tries, January-August 1963-1964
Against Conventional Trawling G9) 5. World Production, July-August 1964
North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations International Association of Fish Meal Manu-
Sea Scallop Population Survey on Georges facturers:
Bank Continued GE) o' Fifth Annual Conference
North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear First North American Fisheries Conference
Development: of Commercial Fishing Industries:
Albacore Tuna Abundance and Distribution Food and Agriculture Organization:
Survey 10.. World Fishery Landings, 1963
Hake Distribution and Abundance Explored TB oc Meeting on Business Decisions in Fishery
Multipurpose Pelagic Trawl Tested Industries
Oceanography: 118) oc Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Holds 11th
Giant "Echo-Sounder"' Maps Seabed and Its Session
Underlying Structure in Caribbean Sea US 6.6 Forty-Third Council Session Consideres
Research Vessel Yaquina Commissioned by Two Fishery Items
Ore gon State University Terao Need for Sanitary Regulations in Interna -
Oregon: tional Traffic in Animals and Animal
Silver Salmon Transplants May Help Rebuild Products
Sandy River Runs
Contents continued page II.
i
December 1964
Page
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COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
III
CONTENT (CONTINUED)
FOREIGN (Contd.):
International (Contd.):
Codex Alimentarius Commission:
Second Session Meets in Geneva
Worldwide Expert Committee on Food
Hygiene Meets in Washington
International Commission for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries:
Accomplishments and Outlook
International Convention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries:
Protocol Amendment Concerning Harp and
Hood Seals Ratified by Denmark and
France
North Pacific Fisheries Convention:
Renegotiation Talks in Ottawa End
International Council for the Exploration of
the Sea:
52nd Statutory Meeting Held in Copenhagen
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development:
Fishery Technologists Meeting Held
Salmon:
Atlantic Salmon Fishery
European Free Trade Association:
Industrial Tariffs Scheduled for Further
Reduction
Australia:
Abalone Industry Being Developed
Canada:
Marine Oil Industry Trends, January-July
1964
Research Highlights and Results Discussed
at 19th Annual Meeting
Salmon and Trout Restocking Program in
Quebec
Section of Bay of Fundy Reopened to Herring
Seiners
Ceylon:
Yugoslav-Built Fishing Trawler Delivered
Chile:
New Fish Meal Factory Planned
Congo-Brazzaville:
Fisheries Expansion Being Considered
Costa Rica:
Fisheries Trends, Third Quarter 1964
Cuba:
Expanded Fisheries Claimed Result of
Soviet Aid
Denmark:
Copenhagen Fisheries Trade Fair Held in
September 1964
El Salvador:
Fisheries to be Aided by United Nations
Special Fund
Fiji Islands:
Ex-Vessel Tuna Prices at Japanese Base
France:
Herring Imports from Other EEC Countries
Subject to Minimum Price Regulations
France Sets Minimum Prices on Herring
Imports
German Democratic Republic:
Fishing Fleet Planned for Atlantic Fisheries
Ghana:
Large Trawler Built by Japan
Page
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FOREIGN (Contd.):
Greece:
Freezer-Trawler Landings and Fishery
Trends, July 1964
Greenland:
Fishing Rights Agreement Signed With
Faroe Islands
Iceland:
Herring Ex-Vessel Prices Set
Fishery Landings by Principal Species,
January-May 1964
Fishery Landings by Principal Species,
January-June 1964
Utilization of Fishery Landings:
January-May 1964
January-June 1964
Italy:
Atlantic Fishing Fleet, 1964
Fish Consumption
Japan:
Frozen Tuna Export Prices
Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna
Loins to U.S., January-August 1963-1964
Atlantic Ocean Albacore Tuna Fishery and
Market Trends
Tuna Mothership Operations in South Pacific
Fishing Firm Granted License to Fish with
Purse Seines off Africa
Indian Ocean Tuna Transshipment Ports
Designated
Long-Line Tuna Fisheries Catch, 1963
University's Study of Attracting Deep-Swim-
ming Albacore Tuna to Surface
Ex-Vessel Bluefin Tuna Prices in Northern
Japan
Canned Salmon Export Prices
Japanese Canned Salmon Sale to Great Brit-
ain
Postponement Requested in Sale of Alaska
Salmon
Ex-Dock Price for Chum Salmon
More Trawlers to Fish in Gulf of Alaska
Bering Sea Bottomfish Catch, 1964
Stern Trawlers to Fish in Bering Sea
Bering Sea Fish Meal Production, 1964
Firm Withdraws Trawler Factoryship from
Northwest Atlantic
New Stern Trawler for African Waters
Use of Okinawans on Trawlers Under Study
Aluminum Fish Hold for Fishing Vessel
Japan External Trade Promotion Organiza-
tion Assigns Agent in American Samoa
Canned Shrimp Exports to Great Britain
Firm Experimenting with Canned Hake
Council Formed of Japanese Long-Line Sea
Bream Fishery Operators off New Zealand
Views on 43rd FAO Council
Fishing Company Executive Expected to
Visit Mexico
Republic of Korea:
Fisheries Trends, Third Quarter 1964
Vessel Specifications of Fishing Fleet
Ordered from France
Mexico:
Vessels Leave Mazatlan to Open Shrimp
Fishing Season
Contents continued page IV.
IV
108...
OOM
4a.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
FOREIGN (Contd.):
Mexico (Contd.)
Construction of New Fish Cannery: to be
Financed by Spanish Businessmen
Use of Manatee to Control Aquatic Weeds in
Lakes
Netherlands:
Modern Fish Auction Facility at Schevenin-
gen
Norway:
Winter Herring Fishery, 1964
Agreement of Fishing for Dogfish and Bask-
ing Shark Signed with Great Britain
Persian Gulf:
Commercial Fishery in Southern Area to be
Developed by British Firm
Philippines:
Shrimp Exports, 1963
Poland:
Fisheries Landings, January-June 1964
Portugal:
Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1964
Ryukyu Islands:
Government Seeks Changes in Tuna Fisher-
ies Agreement with Japan.
Senegal:
Shrimp Fishery Trends, 1964
South Africa Republic:
Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, May-June
1964
South-West Africa:
Pilchard Fishing Industry Trends, FY 1963
Spain:
Fishery Trends at Vigo, July-September
1964
Taiwan:
Shrimp Exports, January-June 1964
Page
114..
115...
WN) 5c
Wi oo
Wilt o ¢
IN So
FOREIGN (Contd.):
U.S.S.R.:
State Fisheries Production Commission
Recommends Deep-Water Trawling for
Fishing Vessels
United Kingdom:
Two New Semiautomated Stern Trawlers of
Daring Class to be Built
Yugoslavia:
Fisheries Trends, 1964
FEDERAL ACTIONS:
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Food and Drug Administration:
Use of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite
as Food Additives in Smoked Cured Sable-
fish
Annual Conference Highlights Under-
standing of U.S. Pure Food and Drug Law
Department of the Interior:
Fish and Wildlife Service:
Determination of Fishery Failure Due to
Resource Disaster in Great Lakes Area
Regulations on Commercial Fisheries
Research and Development Act Published
Proposed Regulations for Fishing Vessel
Construction Assistance Announced
Proposed Regulations Announced for Notice
and Hearing Requirements of Fishing
Fleet Improvement Act
Small Business Administration:
Loans to New England Commercial Fisher-
ies Firms in September 1964
Disaster Loans for Hurricane-Damaged
Areas
Eighty-Eighth Congress (Second Session)
RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS:
Fish and Wildlife Service Publications
Miscellaneous Publications
Editorial Assistants:
Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky
Senior Compositors: Alma Greene and Marjorie McGlone
Junior Compositor:
sk
ok
ste se sk ole
He ok OK
Mary Andrews
Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer
for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from
the Service's file and the photographers are unknown.
P. 10 (figs. 36 & 37)--F. B. Sanford; p. 23--Public Relations Office, Port of Seattle; p. 24--
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game; pp. 32 & 33--Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii; pp.
44 & 45--Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas; p. 50--Robert K, Brigham; p. 55--Ore-
gon State University, Dept. of Oceanography, Corvallis, Oreg.; p. 57--Technological Lab-
oratory, Gloucester, Mass.; pp. 63 (left side), 93, and 101 (right side)--U. S. Coast Guard;
p. 67--Tyner and Murphy, Kansas City, Mo.; pp. 84, 85, & 87--Info. Services, Dept. of
Fisheries of Canada; p. 96--Genepesca Sede di Roma; p. 104--United Nations, VisualIn-
formation Section, Dept. of Public Information; p. 106--R. S. Croker; p. 107--H. Kristjonsson.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.
Price 60 cents (single copy).
Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing.
“
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIE
December 1964 Washington, D.C. ol. 26, No. 12
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY AND
THE SOUTH--AN INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION
By Charles F, Lee* and F. Bruce Sanford**
ABSTRACT
The blue crab industry is in the initial stage of a fundamental change from hand
preparation to machine preparation, Concurrently, it is scrutinizing its methods of
capturing the crabs and of marketing the manufactured products to improve them also,
and thereby ensure economic well-being.
INTRODUCTION
The blue crab industry ranks third in value of all the food-fish industries of the Chesa-
peake Bay, the South Atlantic Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico Coast, being outranked only by
those based on shrimp and oysters. This important industry, which furnishes employment to
a large number of people has for several years, however, faced serious economic difficulty.
Owing to the complex nature of the raw material, blue crab meat is still produced almost
entirely by manual methods. The solution of its economic problems, however, requires more
than mechanization, for the problems extend from the high cost of capturing the blue crabs
(Callinectes sapidus), on the one hand, to marketing the manufactured product on the other.
The purpose of this article therefore is to briefly discuss those three problems.
To put the problems into perspective, we shall first consider certain background informa~
tion in regard to catch. Then in the light of this knowledge, we shall consider briefly the prob-
lems at each end of the chain of operations from sea to consumer--that of capture and that of
marketing. Finally, we shall consider the problem of production, which is the one that is re-
ceiving immediate attention by the industry.
DISTRIBUTION OF CATCH
The blue crab industry was begun at Hampton Roads, Va., over 75 years ago, and for
some time, fishing was concentrated along the shores of the Chesapeake Bay. During the
last few decades, however, the industry has expanded, and fishing now is fairly evenly divided
between Chesapeake Bay and the South Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The total catch has fluctuated
from year to year, but has been in the general range of 100 to 150 million pounds,
The proportionate share of the participating states also varies yearly, but the distribu-
tion reported in table is typical. Maryland and Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
and Louisiana are the most important producers, normally accounting for 85 to 90 percent of
the total catch. The seven other states account for the remaining 10 to 15 percent.
*Supervisory Chemical Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md,
*Chemist-in=Charge, U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Reports, Seattle, Wash.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 718
2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
Production of picked meat bears
little relation to the catch of hard
crabs in any given state. This lack of
close correlation exists partly because
in some cities--such as New Orleans,
Production of Hard Crabs and Picked Meat, 1961
Rank State 6 Production
Hard Crabs Picked Meat
Million | Percentage Percentage
_of Total _of Total
Baltimore, and Washington--hard crabs 1 Virginia 23.3
sold whole are very popular. Also, 2 Maryland 29.4
the differences in apparent yield of 5 Ponds Noes i128 tai
picked meat from the catch of hard 5 Georgia 3 8.3 8.5
crabs result from the fact that sever- 6 Louisiana 11.9 8.1 2.8
al states--for example, South Caro- 4 panyeee ese ae ee ae
lina, Virginia, New Jersey, and Dela- Om! Texas 2.9 2.0 2.1
ware-~-ship some or most of their Mississippi 2.5 1.7 2.0
crabs to plants in neighboring states, aeraee arn ore o)
where the meat is picked. Maryland New Jersey 0.6 0.4 =
is the most notable importer of live
crabs; but Georgia, Mississippi, and
Florida also import appreciable amounts and therefore produce more picked meat than their
share of the catch would lead one to expect.
PROBLEM OF CAPTURE
The catch of hard crabs has declined each year since the 1960 peak of 149 million pounds.
Undoubtedly the normal, and still largely unexplained, variation in the population available to
the crab fisherman is the cause of part of this decline. A recent survey (Lee, Knobl, and
Deady 1963a), however, brought out other causes. Catching methods have changed hardly at
all in decades, and exploratory studies are needed to investigate crab populations in deeper
waters and in other areas not now being fished.
PROBLEM OF MARKETING
Blue crabs are marketed as whole hard crabs, live, or steamed; as soft crabs; and as
picked crab meat. Most of the crab meat is marketed fresh, but some is canned, and in-
creasing amounts are being pasteurized. Frozen crab-speciality products such as deviled
crab, crab cakes, and crab creole are also increasing in popularity.
Fig. 2 = Cans of freshly picked crab meat are nested in ice along
i i i ies i i Market
Rigg dee iive crabs axel paynlenk tacts niger cual keen oaviars er catfish and other Southern delicacies in this French Marke
ket in New Orleans. The proprietor knows that blue crabs have
a belligerent disposition and uses long to the safest way to sae : :
handle than, et) GLa AP i eee aes Pasteurization, a process in which the
hermetically-sealed crab meat is heated to
about 170° F. and held at that temperature for a short time, enables the packer to keep his
product in refrigerated storage for several months. Pasteurized crab meat, when properly
processed and stored, retains the flavor and texture of the fresh product. A trend to an in-
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3
crease in the production of pasteurized meat and frozen specialty products has been in evi-
dence over the past decade, for the industry has shared in the increasing popularity of con-
venience foods.
Considerable quantities of crab meat are used in the frozen specialty products previous-
ly mentioned. Production of those items in 1961 amounted to 7.0 million pounds valued at
$7.4 million.
Canned blue crab, although second in value to frozen specialty items, is a popular prod-
uct in inland areas. The value of the 1961 pack of canned meat (all styles) amounted to about
$860,000.
Marketing methods have remained relatively the same over many years. Except for the
Philadelphia and New York areas, the distribution of fresh crab meat is still largely limited
to the coastal states where crabs are caught. Despite progress in developing new market
forms such as pasteurized meat and frozen specialties, there is much yet to be done in that
direction, for a considerable amount of fresh crab meat is lost each season because of spoil-
age or is sold at prices too low to pay the cost of production. Finding a solution to the prob-
lems of marketing will greatly benefit the industry (Lee et al. 1964).
PROBLEM OF PRODUCTION
In September 1961, the Department of Labor included crab pickers under a revision of
the Fair Labor Standards Act. That Act requires that laborers be paid a minimum wage of
$1 an hour, which is to be raised, in two steps, to $1.25 an hour by September 1965.
Historically, blue crab meat has been picked by hand, and the pickers have been paid on
the basis of the amount they could produce, At the piece-work rate, however, many workers
did not earn the minimum wage of $1 an hour, and very few earned the $1.25 hourly rate that
will eventually be required by law.
SURVEY: In 1961, Congress appropriated funds for developing means to save the blue
crab industry from the financial difficulties that its members felt would result from the new
wage regulations. A research and development firm (The American Scientific Corporation
of Alexandria, Va.) has been working under contract on the problem since October of that
year.
The first step in the contractor's investigation was to survey the industry (Lee, Knobl,
and Deady 1963a). As is evident from figure 3 (prepared by the contractor), blue crab plants
are widely distributed along almost 2,000 miles of coastline in over 100 locations. The plants
vary greatly in size, employing from 3 to more than 75 pickers, and vary also in the ways in
which crabs are handled. In the multiple-flow sheet (fig. 4, developed from information col-
lected during the aforementioned survey), the 15 vertical series of dots represent different
sequences of handling in which the 28 possible suboperations--between the arrival of the live
crabs at the receiving end of the plant and the movement of the final product from the ship-
ping room=-were observed in one or more of the plants surveyed.
PROGRESS TOWARDS SOLUTION: The factors of location, difference in size, type of
operation, and economic condition of the individual firms greatly complicate the problems
involved in providing some measure of economic relief. After the contractor made his sur-
vey, he concluded that several relatively inexpensive machines that could be used either in-
dependently or in combination would provide the flexibility in level of mechanization that the
industry requires, Initially, however, because of the time required to develop machines of
this type, the contractor suggested that a higher rate of production might be obtained through
maximum utilization of the workers! skills. A plan for providing the industry some measure
of immediate economic relief through worker specialization was discussed in a second report
of the contractor's studies (Lee, Knobl, Abernethy, and Deady, 1963b).
At the present time, the contractor is working on the first of the proposed machines.
This will, when perfected, clean the crab core and prepare it for extraction of the lump meat.
.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
CAWBRIDGE (3
eae
CROCHERON (2)
DEAL ISLAND| @
G)p—
: @
ait A
hal
Ue oes Poon,
y - Lee [GECHAVENTe ji JENGELHARD
ee s (SOUTH CREEK?
TAURORAR@IP LOWLAND (3)
= BUCK
A hg ai cK RTONSVILLE
Le" id [MOREHEAD CITY (2 )jsSBIMARSHALLBURG
WILMINGTON (6)
MC CLELLANDVILLE f
|PORT OYA ROGMORE
JLUFFTON 2 )MINILTON HEAD
Ffravana
PiQUINCY!
BASTIAN
ERO BEACH
FORT PIERCE
Places having crab plants licenced to operate in 1961.
Number of plants, if more than one in a place, is
shown in parentheses.
Fig. 3 - Crab+plant locations. The blue crab meat pack of the 1961 season was processed in over 170 plants scattered widely along
the coastline from Upper Chesapeake Bay to Central Texas. Plants differed greatly insize and, as shown, were mostly located inor
near small towns. Among the 106 plant sites shown are tiny fishing villages such as Frogmore, Deal Island, Toddville, Honga, and
Fishing Creek, This scattered pattern of production greatly complicates the successful mechanization needed to restore the industry's
economic well being.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5
O=cRISFIELD
<; SEPARATE
CLAW PICKERS
—FRESH AND
OS paSTEURIZED
— MACHINE
= CLAW PICKING
a SEPARATE
= DEBACKING
O@ BLUE CHANNEL
PICK INTO
— LARGE PANS
DEBACK
O& MACHINE CLAW
TABLE WASH
= SEPARATE
CLAW PICK
__ TABLE WASH-BOB
Os SEPARATE
CLAW PICK
— TABLE WASH-BOB
~ CLAW PICK
= TABLE WASP
> pEBACK
OG BOIL
LIVE CRAB
WASH
STEAM
BOIL
TABLE WASH
COOL - ROOM TEMPERATURE
COLD STORAGE (OPTIONAL)
BOB
DEBACK- CLEAN
WASH
808
BACKFIN LUMP PICK
PACK IN CANS
REGULAR MEAT PICK
CRUSH CORE
SEPARATE MEAT (BRINE OR HAND)
PACK IN CANS
CLAW PICK
CRUSH CLAW
SEPARATE MEAT
PACK IN CANS
WEIGH
CLOSE LID
ICE PACK
VACUUM SEAL
PASTEURIZE
COLD STORAGE
PROCESS - CANNING:
STORE
SHIPMENT
O
O—O—-Owui MACHINE
LPP
Lay
Hd |
as oe,
CrRes
acs.
as |
ka
SaGee
CIRCLES CONNECTED BY LINES SHOW SEQUENCES OF OPERATIONS.
@ = OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY ONE PICKER.
Fig. 4 - Various operation sequences. This chart, developed after a survey of the blue crab industry to determine the degree of mech-
anization needed, shows the 15 distinct and different handling patterns of 28 possible steps between live crabs and shipped meat that
were observed in 65 plants studied.
The lump meat then can be removed manually or by a second machine that can be attached to the
core-preparing device. A modelof the lump picker has been fabricated and successfully tested.
To ascertain the production problems and the role that the machines now being designed
may play, you will find it helpful to quickly view the industry by means of figures 5-40. The
photographs were taken in 1960, the year just prior to the one in which the Fair Labor Stand-
ards Act went into effect. Although some of the plants have now shut down and a few others
Fig. 5 = Shown is a crab plant in Mississippi on Biloxi Bay. With Fig. 6 - Someof the crab boats of lower Chesapeake Bay are re=
few exceptions, crab plants are located on the waterfront, latively large. In most areas, however, crab fishing is a small=-
boat operation.
6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
Fig. 7 =In the foreground are two of the more common types of
crab boat. Many crabs are fished by one man in a boat powered
with an outboard motor, Fig. 8 = Crabs are hoisted from the boat in baskets or barrels and
weighed. Crab fishermen are paid on the basis of the weight of
catch, Most 'crabbers" are independent, though they oftenhave
agreements to supply certain plants.
Fig. 10 = This plant uses circular retort baskets in which the crabs
Fig. 9 - Although most plants are located on the waterfront, are cooked, Each basket holds 300 to 400 pounds of crabs.
many of the larger plants truck crabs from other areas, some-
times hundreds of miles away, to supplement local production
and to maintain a regular supply.
Fig. 11 = Vertical retorts for cooking the crabs are used in mos Fig. 12 = Other plants use horizontal pressure cookers. This cooke
crab plants. er holds 4 of the wheeled steel -mesh carts,
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7
Fig. 13 = Cooked crabs are handled in many ways. Some Chesa-
peake Bay plants hold the baskets of crabs in a cooler overnight.
Fig. 15 = These workers are debacking or "bobbing" crabs. Claws
are removed at the same time, as they are picked separately.
The shell and viscera are discarded. Since the yield of crab
meat amounts to only 12 to 15 percent of the weight of whole
crab, disposing of the waste is a problem.
nice Oe OL er
Fig. 17 - At the discharge end of another dryer, a worker is
checking the scrap to determine if it is sufficiently dry for
grinding.
Fig. 14 = Many Gulf Coast plants deback the crabs as soon as
they are cool. Here a hoist is lifting a basket until it can be
tipped to dump the crabs onto the debacking table.
’ Ree
Fig. 16 = Many of the larger plants solve the problem of waste
disposal by converting the waste into a salable product by use
of a crabescrap dryer, Waste from the debacking operation and
the picking tables is dumped into the big hopper (foreground)
and carried into the rotary dryer by means of a screw conveyor.
i = 3 ci} Se ae
Fig. 18 - The scrap goes from the dryer to a hammermill, where
it is ground to meal and bagged, The product is used in mixed
feeds for chickens,
8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
elle
Fig. 19 = Retuming to the main plant, Fig. 20 - Some plants use rotarywasher, Fig. 21 = This is a different type of rotary washer,
we see debacked crabs being washed for cleaning the debacked crabs. used only for claws.
Rie
in flowing water.
SSeS TS
ie ce Fig. 23 = This is a crabepicking room after the daily cleanup.
Fig. 22 =Here the debacked"'cores" are washed by water sprays The cans are for the disposal of waste. In the Chesapeake Bay
in an elevated flume and are transported to a basket at the end Area, crabs are usually cooked in the afternoon and cooled over-
of the debacking table. night. Pickers start work about daybreak.
oe o fais Wa,
Fig. 24 = Pickers work from baskets of crabs in this plant. Fig. 25 = Picking blue crab is almost entirely a hand operation
and requires a large force of skilled workers.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9
Fig. 26 = The cartilage is cut and the meat picked out with a Fig. 27 = These pickers are working on claws, which are picked
special knife. separately, since the technique is quite different from that for
picking body meat.
Fig. 28 = This is a patented crab=picking machine sometimes
known as a claw cracker. The screweconveyor elevates the Fig. 29 = Theshell fragments sink and are carried from the bottom
claws to the hopper of a special type of hammermill. The of the tank by a conveyorbelt, center foreground, from which they
broken pieces fall into a separation tank from which the meat fall into a waste barrel. At left isthe hopperheaped with crab
floats off to an inspection=conveyor belt at the left. A U.S, De- claws feeding the screw=conveyor to the mill,
partment of the Interior fishery inspector is observing the opera-
tion.
E
GOING TC
Fig. 31 « At the packing-room delivery window, the picker at
left is bringing her pan of cans for credit. The pans in the fore=
_ ground contain lids for three types of meat. Different production
Fig. 30 = Workers check the machine=picked meat for residual areas use a variety of descriptive names for the various grades or
shell. Note the gallon cans for packing. The product packed types of pack: backfin, special, white flake, regular, all lump,
in gallon cans rarely reaches the retail market=-it is used in and so on. Basically, the types differ in the proportion the can
mixtures such as deviled crab and crab cakes. contains of the large lump meat from the backfin.
.
10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
Se & S
Fig. 32 = This plant uses wheeled bins to ice and hold the packed Fig. 33 = Wooden barrels are commonly used to ship the fresh
meat after the weight has been checked and the cans capped. crab meat, well packed in ice.
&
icked crab meat is Fig. 35 - Time and temperature used in pasteurization must be
Fig. 34 = A sizable proportion of freshly p
pasteurized and, for this process, must be packed inhermetical- carefully controlled to obtain desired keeping qualities without
lysealedcans. The sealed cans are placed in a steel autoclave overcooking.
basket and lowered into the open cooking tank, Gauges on the
rear wall record the cooking time and temperature.
ia 3
f poe
2 ay
Fig. 36 = Open tanks can be used, since pasteurization tempera- Fig. 37 = The natural shell used by many producers of deviled
tures are below boiling. Tanks in background are used to cool crab comes from the regular picking operations. After being
the cans of pasteurized meat. cleaned, the shells are laid on a table in the sun to dry.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11
Fig. 38 - Frozen "specialty products" containing crab meat are Fig. 39 - The frozen shell-with -deviled-crab-mix is hand dipped
tapidly gaining in popularity. In the preparation of deviled in batter and breading and then is packed into boxes,
crab, the crab mixture is molded into the natural shell and froe
zen before breading and packaging. This worker is removing
the frozen crab product from the freezer tray.
Fig. 40 = The institutional size box holds 12 to 18 crabs. Packing
~ the crab in the natural shell results in an attractive product.
have made changes to increase efficiency of
operation, this series of photographs is still
quite typical of the industry inthe early months
of 1964,
Fig. 41 - This small machine developed for the blue crab indus-
p ; try under contract with a research and development company
Figure 41 shows the cleaning-debacking, will, when perfected, take whole cooked crabs and prepare
core-prepari machine with ards, deli cleaned cores ready for removal of lump meat at the rate of
eee a pons ae chine) wit 25 th ee about 1 per second, The guards and the delivery and discharge
an SC arge c 1 es XS NES A iO) Wale € chutes have been removed so that the working mechanism is
working mechanism is open to view. Thecon- open to view.
tractor has expressed his belief that this ma-
chine, combined with the lump picker previously mentioned, will enable every plant to operate
profitably even with a $1.25 hourly wage minimum,
12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
LITERATURE CITED
LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; and LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; and
EMMETT F, DEADY EMMETT F, DEADY
1963a. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part I = Survey 1964. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part III -
of Processing Plants. Commercial Fisheries Re= Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position.
view, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1-10. (Sep. No. 680.) Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 26, no. 1, pp.
1-7. (Sep. No. 698.)
LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; ROBERT K.
ABERNETHY; and EMMETT F, DEADY
1963b. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II = Meas-
ures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Special=
ization. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25,
no 8, pp. 1-5. (Sep. No. 683.)
Note: Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the following individuals in permitting us to take the photo=
graphs depicting the industry: Mrs. L. Walls, Bagille's Seafood, Incorporated, French Market, New Orleans, La.; Joseph Marsalone,
J. Marsalone Company, French Market, New Orleans, La.; A. C. Gollott, C. F. Gollott Seafood Company, Biloxi, Miss.; M. Betty,
Southern Crab Company, Pascagoula, Miss.; Sam Lewis, Brunswick Quick Freezer, Incorporated, Brunswick, Ga.; W. Lewis and E.
Lewis, Lewis Crab Factory, Brunswick, Ga.; J. T. Miller, Blue Channel Corporation, Port Royal, S. C.; D. P. Elliott, G. T. Elliott,
Incorporated, Hampton, Va.; Emmett Deady, American Scientific Corporation, Alexandria, Va.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Due to an unexpected mix-up in the mailing of the June 1964 issue of
the magazine, there are probably a number of subscribers who did not re-
ceive that issue. If you are one of those who did not receive that issue,
write us for a copy.
Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—a department of conservation--is concerned with the
management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park
and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.
As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable
resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future,
and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the
United States—now and in the future.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13
REVIEW OF THE MOVEMENT OF ALBACORE TUNA OFF
THE PACIFIC COAST IN 1963
By Glenn A, Flittner*
ABSTRACT
Troll catches by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels monitoring fixed, continuously -manned
stations off the Pacific coast revealed the seasonal movement of albacore tuna (Thunnus ala-
lunga Bonnaterre) in 1963. Inshore and northward migration of albacore in relation to sea
surface temperatures is reviewed. Onset, termination of fishing at each station, and simi-
larity of movement to the schematic migration model presented last year for 1962 is examined.
INTRODUCTION
In furtherance of the cooperative trolling program which was started in 1960, the U.S.
Navy continued to log albacore catches in 1963 at each of its radar early warning surveillance
stations off the west coast of the United States. As before, coverage extended from latitude
31° N. to 50° N. at a distance of 200-550 miles from shore, Stations were continuously man-
ned by a fleet of several vessels participating in a rotation schedule placing each ship on a
given station for 20- to 30-day intervals. (For a brief description of equipment used and gen-
eral fishing strategy, see Flittner 1961 and Johnson 1960,)
Fishing commenced on April 1 and terminated November 1, When catch records indi-
cated that a late-season flurry of activity might take place at the southern stations, vessels
were asked to continue fishing through the months of November and December,
Table 1 - Date of First Albacore Catch and Water Temperature at U. S.
Navy Radar Picket Stations, 1960-1963
Water
Temperature (°F)
RESULTS
The 1963 catch was the highest for any
one year since inception of the program. A
Station Number Approximate Position
and Year Longitude
ib
Date of
First Catch
‘ (none caught) = total of 1,041 albacore was taken by the picket
ete ha MOAR ee a 2 fleet, The estimated weight of that catch was
50°N. 136°W. July 23 55 about 10,858 pounds, or 5.4 tons,
eo alice Fi aia ee S The first catch of the 1963 season was re-
W5rN EE Bans 7 63 ported at Station 3 on June 16 (table 1, fig. 1).
Artes siaad 4—. 7 zee | The appearance of albacore at that station was
sap me ME Pc AR 58 about 2 weeks earlier than in previous years.
1961 4O°N. 133°W. june 29° | 59 Fishing continued with few interruptions
HS nee ik pe a 62 through the season, and the last catch was
= 7 air a | logged on October 4. Water temperatures
1960 June 14 65 ranged from 61°-62° F, at the beginning to
oe 17 59 68°-69° F, at the termination of fishing. Al-
pely: bacore appeared at Station 4 on July 17, about
4 weeks later thana year prior, and were first
taken at Station 5 on July, 25, more than 6
weeks later than in 1962-/, Stations 1 and 2
recorded their first catches of the year on
July 23. Water temperatures at those loca-
tions ranged from 55°-58° F, at the com-
mencement of fishing to a maximum of 64°-
a 65° F, at the end of September.
%Fishery Biologist (Research), Biological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, San Diego, Calif.
1/Comparisons are drawn with 1962 ship stations nearest to present stations, but 1962 locations, having the same numbers may differ
from current positions by as much as 150 miles.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 719
14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
JUNE I-I4
1963
JUNE 15-30
1963
Fig. 1 - Albacore catch by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels in June-July 1963. Large numerals represent the catch at each station; small
numerals indicate water temperature; and "x" indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F. tempera-
ture zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 Califomia commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken from wa-
ters within those temperature limits.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15
AUG. 16-31
Us gaa
Say SEPT. I-15
ey 1963
Fig. 2 - Albacore catch by U. S. Navy radar picket vessels in August-September 1962. Large numerals represent the catch at each sta-
tion; small numerals indicate water temperature; and "x" indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F.
temperature zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 California commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken
from waters within those temperature limits.
16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
The Oregon albacore trolling fleet first reported taking albacore on July 13, about 140
miles west of Heceta Head. Those catches were about 200 miles northeast of Station 3, sub-
stantiating indications from the early catches at that station that the northern extension of
the albacore fishery was indeed as much as 2-3 weeks earlier than usual. Subsequently, Pa-
cific Northwest albacore landings amounted to 11,868,978 pounds, which represented the larg-
est catch since 1948, with the exception of 1959 when 13,542,804 pounds were taken2/.
Water temperatures at ‘Stations land2 averaged about 2° F. warmer than the long-term
average at commencement of fishing in late July (Renner 1963a). As the season progressed,
the anomaly increased to 4° F, warmer than normal for September (Renner 1963b). Fishing
nearly equalled the 1962 catch at Station 1 and exceeded all previous years at Station 2.
The northward progression of the albacore population and its apparent relation to the an-
nual northward extension of the 60°-66° F, thermal zone has been discussed for the years
1960 through 1963 in an earlier issue of this publication (Flittner 1963). This relationship
was substantiated again by the catch-temperature distribution during the 1963 season (figs.
1-3). The shaded "optimum temperature'' zone shows the rapid changes in sea surface iso-
therm configurations at 15-day intervals. The 60°-66° F, temperature range, which included
more than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 commercial California albacore landings (Clemens
1961), encompassed fully 84.5 pekoan of the 1963 picket vessel catch. No albacore were tak-
en from waters colder than 55° F, or warmer than 70° F.
The October 1-15 catch records at Stations 1 and 2 (fig. 3) appear to depart from the
"optimum temperature" hypothesis given above. A plausible explanation for those catches
is as follows: sea temperatures at Station 1 averaged up to 4° F. warmer than normal inSep-
OCT. I-15 “4 OCT. 16-3!
1963 | “ee 1963
pr concerrion Sey PT. CONCEPTION
Fig. 3 - Albacore catch by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels in October 1963. Large numerals represent the catch at each station; small
numerals indicate water temperature; and "'x"' indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F. tem pera-
ture zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 California commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken from wa-
ters within those temperature limits.
2/ Pacific Fisherman Yearbook, 1964.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17
tember (Renner 1963b), whereas they were 3° F, colder than normal just 1 month later (Renner
1963c). The sharp 7-degree drop in sea surface temperature anomaly occurred in less than
30 days at more than two times the normal rate of cooling characteristic of the region at that
time of the year. The vessel fishing on Station 1 reported having to stop all fishing opera-
tions on October 15 as a result of heavy weather from an intense storm system which had de-
veloped in the Gulf of Alaska. The upper mixed layer of the sea lost heat so rapidly as the
storm system intensified that the schools of albacore probably were unable to move out of the
region fast enough to avoid the suboptimal thermal conditions which were observed. Those
changes are reflected in the 15-day charts (fig. 3).
Station 3 off Cape Mendocino again logged the highest total catch for the year. That area
has produced 47 percent of the combined 1960-1963 catch for all stations. Catches were made
on 32 of 46 consecutive days from June 16-July 31 in 1963 (table 2), Fishing was also good
at Station 2 where catches were logged on 35 of 45 consecutive days between September 1 and
October 15, thus establishing a new record for the area. Fishing was poorest at Station 5,
where only 5 albacore were taken on 5 separate days during the entire season.
Table 2 - Albacore Catch and Effort Data for U.S. Navy Radar Picket Vessels Trolling on Station, June-October 1963
Number of fish
Number of days fish were
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
Number of fish
Number of days fish were
Line-hours fished
3
Number of fish —
Number of days fish were
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
Number of fish
Number of days fish were
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
Number of fish
Number of days fish were
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
Totals
Number of fish
Number of days fish were taken
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
1/Station fished
2/X - Station not fished.
Total fishing effort expended by the picket vessel fleet for June 1-October 31 amounted to
28,846 line hours, or about 8 percent less than in 1962 (table 2), Effort varied according to
the individual vessels on station, weather, and operational commitments requiring temporary
interruption of fishing. Consequently, although Station 3 was again the high producer for the
season, total effort expended was less thanthatonStations 4, 2, and 5, respectively (table 2),
The seasonal average catch per 100 line-hours at Station 3 was 8.7 fish, whereas in 1962 the
average for the same station was 6.6 fish. In both years, the average catch per 100 line-hours
at Station 3 has exceeded the average combined catch of all stations by a factor of 3.
Although the peak of the commercial fishing activity occurred in September, the highest
catches were recorded by Navy vessels during the July 16-31 interval (table 2), Catch per
.
18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
100 line-hours averaged 9.6 fish. Highest catch rates were attained at Station 3, where dur-
ing the July 16-31 period, 28.7 albacore were landed per 100 line-hours of trolling; 31.8 fish
were taken per 100 line-hours in the August 1-15 interval3/.
As in previous years, catch-effort data were tabulated for all stations up to October 31lin
accordance with the original fishing time limit (April 1-October 31) set up at the inception of
the trolling program in 1960. When the 1963 season appeared to persist much later than usu-
al, the vessels occupying Stations 4 and 5 were asked to continue fishing. Those vessels were
able to fish well into December before heavy weather swept away their trolling gear.
Evidence of late-season activity was noted :in 1962 at 40° N., 133° Ww. where 16 albacore
from 7-11 pounds were taken November 1 through 10. In 1963, 247 albacore were taken at
Station 4 (36° N., 131° W.) between November 1 and December 17. Catches reached a peak in
the November 1-15 interval and declined thereafter (table 3). The vessel on Station 4 report-
ed losing an additional 40 albacore because of inclement weather and heavy seas between No-
vember 1 and 8. Station 5 produced no catch.
Table 3 - Albacore Catch and Effort Data for U.S. Navy Radar Picket Vessels
Trolling on Station 4 during November and December 1963
ie | Novenber | December ——_{ ais |
ik | 1-15 | 16-30 | [16-31 | Totals
fem
ho W V
14 6
718 374 4
5.6 2.9 4,
One noteworthy feature of the late-season catch is that for the second year the picket
vessels apparently observed the offshore migration of the albacore population. Heavy com-
mercial landings of small fish were reported at Monterey and Morro Bay during the week
ending October 25, Catches declined in the November 1-15 interval, and bad weather termi-
nated the fishery in the week ending November 22, coincident with the increased catches ob-
served at Station 4,
Number of fish
Number of days fish were taken
Line-hours fished
Catch per 100 line hours
tation not fished entire period due to loss o
1 ishing gear.
The modal length of the November-December catch at Station 4 was 59 centimeters (23.2
inches, 9.5 pounds). No fish larger than 64 centimeters (25.2 inches, 12 pounds) were taken.
Eight albacore were less than 40 centimeters long; the smallest, a 32-centimeter fish (12.6
inches, about 12 pounds), was caught November 22 in 68°-F, water.
Comparison of albacore movements in 1963 to last year's generalized schematic model
of migration (Flittner 1963) demonstrated close agreement on the broad scale, Albacore en-
tered the coastal region and turned north about 3 weeks earlier than in the preceding 3 years,
whereas migration into southern waters was up to 6 weeks later than usual. Onshore and
northward movements appeared to follow the model and were limited by the distribution of
"optimum" sea temperatures, The development of a good nearshore fishery in Central Cali-
fornia and Oregon waters came early in July (fig. 1) and persisted through October as favor-
able sea temperatures developed in a narrow north-south zone well within reach of the alba-
core fishing fleet (figs. 2-3).
U.S.S. Picket carried off the honors in total catch for the second consecutive year: 360
albacore were landed of a grand total of 1,041 fish for all vessels combined; of that total, 357
were taken on Station 5 ina single patrol (fig. 4). U.S.S. Scanner was second highest vessel
with a total catch of 284 albacore. Picket logged the highest catch in one day at Station 5 on
July 19 when 52 albacore were taken; 46 had been caught on the previous day. Scanner landed
42 fish on November 12 at Station 7, and took 33 albacore 2 days later.
a
3/Although the effort expended on the station was minimal during this time, fishing occurred at intervals throughout the entire 15-day
period. Fish were taken on each day the lines were out.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19
FORK LENGTH (INCHES)
16 20 24 28 32 36
se
a)
ra
wu
°
iv
Wi
o
=
5
z
Fig. 4 - Men of the U.S.S. Picket display a sample of their rec-
ord catch made on a single patrol at Station 5.
Age-group representation of the 1963
picket vessel catch was similar to 1962.
The 22-inch group (56 cm.) comprised 42 per- FORK LENGTH (CENTIMETERS)
cent of the catch, whereas the 25-inch group Fig. 5 - Length-frequency distribution of albacore taken by U, S,
(62-64 cm.) made up about 48 percent of the Navy radar picket vessels trolling on station, June -December,
total (fig. 5). The remainder of the catchcon- 1963. All stations combined.
sisted of very small fish (about 2 percent) and fish 30 inches or longer (about 8 percent), The
largest fish taken was a 36-inch, 34-pound albacore which was caught on July 23 at Station 1,
For the fourth consecutive year, distribution and availability of albacore off the U.S. west
coast exhibited a striking correlation with prevailing sea surface temperatures as revealed by
the 15-day charts prepared by the Biological Laboratory, San Diego. The rapid northward
progression of the ''optimum temperature" zone with the advance of each summer season of-
fers substantial evidence concerning one of the factors bringing about the rapid seasonal shift-
ing of the centers of albacore abundance,
LITERATURE CITED
CLEMENS, HAROLD B, PACIFIC FISHERMAN
1961. The Migration, Age, and Growth of the Pacific Alba- 1964, Yearbook Number. Pacific Fisherman, vol. 62, no. 2
core (Thunnus germo), 1951-1958. Calif. Dept. (January 25, 1964), pp. 76-79. :
Fish and Game, Fish Bull, No. 115, pp. 1-128.
FLITTNER, GLENN A, RENNER, JAMES A,
1961. Cooperative Trolling Program, 1961. California Fish- 1963a, California F rad pte iae Sp aS casera AGaary
ery Market News Monthly Summary, December 1961; July 1963; Part II - Fishing Information, 4 pp.,
Part II - Fishing Information, pp. 1-8. figs.
1963. Review of the 1962 Seasonal Movement of Albacore 1963b, California Fishery Market News Monthly Sete,
Tuna Off the Pacific Coast of the United States. Com- September 1963; Part II - Fishing Information,
mercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no. 4 (April), pp. pp-, 6 figs.
7-13.
1963c. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary,
JOHNSON, JAMES H, : ars s
1960. Navy Vessels Catch 447 Albacore in 1960. California enon, 1963; Part II - Fishing Information, 2 pp.,
Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, February
1961; Part II - Fishing Information, pp. 2-6.
ote: Personnel of Radar Picket Squadron One are again to be congratulated for their participation in a cooperative program which has
proven its worth to fishery scientists and to the albacore fishing industry, and has provided recreation to the picket vessel crew mem-
bers. Tuna research workers and albacore fishermen alike are grateful to the officers and men of the squadron for their continued and
enthusiastic participation in the trolling program.
20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
st
ta:
ma foie
Ae Capen
I a o
Vol. 26, No. 12
SS
=IRENDS 3
AND
Salmon
ABERNATHY SPAWNING CHANNEL
PROVES EFFECTIVE FOR
REPRODUCTION OF CHUM SALMON:
Manmade spawning channels are being de-
veloped as a method of reducing the 90 per-
cent or more loss of salmon eggs that nor-
mally occurs during incubation stages in nat-
ural stream gravel. These severe losses are
primarily caused by flood water that may
erode incubating eggs from the gravel or
smother the eggs by depositing silt and sand
on gravel beds. Discovery of these limita-
tions to salmon production has led to an at-
tempt to create a controlled environment with
graded permeable gravel and regulated flow
of water with depths and velocity that would
be optimum for the spawning and incubation
of salmon. Not only has survival proven su-
perior to that from natural streams under
those conditions, but it is believed that the fry
produced are as viable as fry produced in
natural streams. This ability to compete and
survive in the natural environment should re-
sult in good adult returns.
Egg-to-fry survivals in established spawn-
ing channels are exceeding survivals in natu-
ral streams by a significant margin and in
some cases have reached maximum levels of
over 90 percent, Because of their recent de-
velopment, a reliable measure of adult re-
turns has not been obtained for most spawn-
ing channels. Figures, however, are avail-
able from the Jones Creek channel in British
Columbia where returning adult pink salmon
have progressively increased from 400 to
5,000 in four generations.
Results in the Abernathy spawning channel
are also encouraging. This 1,800-foot long
channel (see figure), located ona tributary of the
lower Columbia River, was constructed in 1959
by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
Method for operating the channel to achieve
maximum production of young salmon and re-
turning adults are now being developed.
The Abemathy spawning channel.
With one exception, the environment cre-
ated in the Abernathy channel has been ade-
quate for the successful incubation of chum
salmon eggs. Deposition of sediment from
the water supply as it moved through the
channel has made it difficult to maintain the
original permeable condition of the stream-
bed gravel. Removing and screening the
gravel in the channel provided a temporary
solution to this problem. A more permanent
solution will be attained with a settling basin
which will remove silt and sand from the wa-
ter supply before it enters the channel. With
control of the sediment, the Abernathy spawn-
ing channel shows promise of providing con-
ditions for achieving good egg-to-fry survival.
Survival studies at Abernathy are being
conducted mainly with plants of eyed eggs,
but some informationhas also been obtained
with plants of green eggs and with natural
spawning. Excellent survival (75-95 percent)
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 720
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21
Chum Salmon Egg-to-Fry Survival in the Abemathy
Spawning Channel
Number of | Number of | Percent-
Type of Year Eggs Fry age
Deposition Deposited | Produced | Survival
1960/61} 250,000] 229,610 91.8
Plants of eyed eggs 1961/62} 600,000| 572,895 95.5
1962/63] 1,185,000| 891, 849 75.3
Plants of green eggs 1962/63 27, 860 24,461 87.8
Natural spawning 1962/63 54,156] 44,452 8
was observed for all three methods of egg
deposition (see table), These consistent re-
sults have demonstrated that the Abernathy
channel will yield maximum survival of chum
salmon fry. With the development of anadult
run adequate in size to fully utilize the facili-
ties at Abernathy, such a channel can make a
Significant contribution to the chum salmon
population of the Columbia River.
Fig. 1 - Overall view of tray rack showing construction of walks
and position of superstructure. |
--Richard Bakkala, Fishery Biologist (Research), of six catwalks, 3 feet wide and 26 feet long,
Biological Laboratory, fastened to stringers which in turn are attach-
U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, ed to vertical pilings. The walks stand 4 feet
Seattle, Wash.
vias cee above a mean low water depth of 5 feet and
border five bays 26 feet in length and 11 feet
wide. Each bay holds 16 trays, each tray be-
ing suspended from the walk by a single line
and bridle. Twelve additional trays could be
suspended from the outside of the two outer
Design and Operation of a walks making it possible to accommodate a
total of 92 trays.
Tray Rack for the Study of Oysters
As a result of the serious oyster mortali-
ties which occurred along the east coast of
the United States since 1957, the U.S. Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries initiated a study of
these mortalities at its Franklin City Field
Station on Chincoteague Bay, Va. A major
portion of this research involved maintaining
oysters of several age groups from various
geographic regions for routine observation
over a period of 5to 7 years. To prevent de-
struction by predators and smothering from
silt and algae, it appeared desirable to sup-
port the oysters off the bottom in trays sus-
pended from a permanent platform readily
accessible to the laboratory. This report de-
scribes the design and operation of the struc-
ture, which we have called a tray rack.
A block and tackle, which travels ona mon-
,orail suspended from the overhead structure,
The rack (fig. 1) was erected adjoining
an existing pier. Creosote-treated pilings Fig. 2 - Photograph of monorails, movable block and tackle, and
30 feet in length were driven 12 feet into the chicken wire cover arrangement of bridle on tray.
bottom to form the supporting frame of the US. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
structure, The walks, superstructure, and Fish and Wildlife Service
braces were made of 4x6 and 2x 8-inch creo- Sep. No, 721
sote-treated lumber, The structure consists
22
is used to lift the trays out of the water andto
transport them to the pier (fig. 2). The mono-
rail tracking system is of the type used in the
meat-packing industry. The tackle consists
of a double and a single four-inch steel block
swivel mounted and strung with z-inch rope.
The superstructure rises 8 feet above the
walks and adjoining pier and projects over the
pier so that trays may be loaded on a flatbed
handtruck for transport into the laboratory.
The tracks and other metal parts are painted
with "Esso Surett Fluid 30" to lubricate and
prevent rusting.
The first trays employed in this study were
constructed of woven steel rods, and were 40
inches long, 20 inches wide, and 4 inches deep.
Later those were replaced with lighter trays
of approximately the same size constructed of
expanded steel welded to steel rods. To re-
duce corrosion the trays are dipped in hot
roofing tar once or twice a year. Chicken
wire (13-inch mesh, 18 gauge) is used to cover
the trays to prevent loss of oysters. Bridles
on the trays are constructed of é -inch welded
link chain fastened with lap links or ''S'' hooks.
It was found that the less expensive ungalva-
nized chain showed no more corrosion or wear
than galvanized, and ''S'' hooks showed less
wear than the more expensive lap links. Poly-
propylene ropes of 3-inch diameter are at-
tached to the tray bridles and secured to
cleats on the sides of the walks. This syn-
thetic rope is not destroyed by marine bacte-
ria in sea water and is thus preferable to rope
made from hemp and similar natural fibers.
Water from a gasoline motor-driven pump is
used occasionally to flush off the soft fouling
organisms and sediment which accumulates
freely on oyster trays in turbid water in Chin-
coteague Bay.
As designed, the tray rack makes it pbssi-
ble for one man to handle the trays with a
minimum of effort and little chance of acci-
dent. In addition, trays are easily lifted with
the tackle and carted indoors for observation
and study, an advantage of particular benefit
in the winter in temperate latitudes. In Chin-
coteague Bay fouling by sessile organisms
accumulates rapidly. A tray of oysters so
fouled can weigh in excess of 300 pounds yet
can still be handled by the system here de-
scribed.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
After a year of operation, we find this tray
rack functional, efficient, and timesaving.
=--By Michael Castagna 1,
Fishery Biologist (Research),
Biological Laboratory,
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
Oxford, Md.
(Franklin City, Va., Field Station).
1/Present address: Michael Castagna, Scientist-in-Charge, East-
erm Shore Marine Laboratory of the Virginia Institute of Marine
Science, Wachapreague, Virginia.
Note: I wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Paul
Heister, maintenance man at the Bureau's Oxford Laboratory, in
the design and construction of the structure described here.
Alaska
FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITY
OFF ALASKA:
U.S.S.R.: Soviet trawling activity off the
coast of Alaska declined gradually through-
out September. By the end of that month the
fleet had decreased to less than 25 vessels.
That fleet had been fishing from southwest
Kodiak east to the vicinity of Ocean Cape off
Yakutat. It appeared that the Soviets were
continuing to fish for Pacific ocean perch,
with little take of incidental species.
Two Soviet whaling fleets continued to op-
erate off Alaska throughout September. One
fleet worked south from the vicinity of the
Pribilof Islands to south of Unimak Pass,
The second fleet was whaling along the west-
ern Aleutian Chain generally in the vicinity of
Amchitka Pass.
Japan: The Japanese fisheries off Alaska
also declined in September as various fleets
filled their catch quotas and sailed for their
home ports. Two fish-meal fleets departed
for Japan as the month drew to a close and
both king crab fleets departed Bristol Bay
about the middle of the month,
Two Japanese shrimp fleets continued to
operate north of the Pribilof Islands group#
The one remaining fish-meal fleet fishing in
the same general vicinity was scheduled to
depart shortly. A fish-meal-freezer factory-
ship fishing south of the Pribilofs was also
expected to cease operations in the near fu-
ture,
December 1964
Four large new Japanese stern trawlers
and two smaller side trawlers continued fish-
ing for shrimp and Pacific ocean perch in the
vicinity of southwest Kodiak Island in the Gulf
of Alaska during September.
ALASKA SALMON PACK IN 1964:
The final 1964 weekly salmon pack report
of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Fig. 1 - Longshoremen guiding a slingful of cases of canned salm-
on shipped from Alaska at a dock in Seattle.
showed the Alaska salmon pack at 3,509,400
standard cases (48 1-lb. cans). This was an
increase of 853,391 cases or 32 percentas com-
pared with the 1963 salmon pack of 2,656,009
cases.
Fig. 2 - Inside a warehouse at Seattle, Wash., labelers unpack
cans/of unlabeled Alaska salmon onto a conveyor for labeling.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23
Central Alaska, with a total of 1,721,000
cases was the highest producer, while South-
eastern and Western Alaska packed 1,225,300
cases and 563,100 cases, respectively. The
Kodiak area was the highest in the State with
633,250 cases. The Ketchikan area was sec-
ond with 580,000 cases, and Bristol Bay was
third with 535,450 cases.
Pink salmon accounted for 1,903,000 cases
or 54 percent of the total pack followed by red,
720,300 cases or 21 percent; chum, 689,000
cases or 20 percent; coho or silver, 155,300
cases or 4 percent; and king, 41,800 cases or
1 percent.
sk ok ok ok
HALIBUT FISHING SEASON
IN AREA 2 CLOSES:
The 1964 North Pacific halibut fishingsea-
son in Area 2 closed on September 15 and for
the second straight year the catch quota was
not attained. Regulations of the International
Pacific Halibut Commission provided that
halibut fishing in Area 2 (from Cape Spencer,
Alaska, to Willapa Bay, Wash.) would close
on that date or earlier if 25 million pounds of
halibut were taken, A total halibut catch of
21 million pounds was expected by the time
fishing stopped on statutory closing date,
Last year (1963) was the first year since the
Commission assumed control of the halibut
fishery that the Area 2 season closed without
attainment of the catch quota (28 million
pounds in 1963), The catch in Area 2 totaled
| 25 million pounds in 1963,
oe Oe ke Xe
GEAR MARKING EXPERIMENTS:
In conjunction with United States efforts to
minimize gear conflicts in the Gulf of Alaska
between domestic and foreign vessels, tests
of gear-marking devices for possible use in
the king crab fishery were conducted aboard
the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re-
search vessel John R, Manning in the Kodiak
Island vicinity. Four different types of pas-
sive radar reflectors, in combination with 2
flotation devices and 3 different poles, were
tested. A variety of weather and sea condi-
tions during the period provided the opportu-
nity for observation of the markers in situa-
tions comparable to those which might rea-
sonably be expected in actual use with the
commercial fishery,
The results of preliminary tests were en-
couraging. Two ofthereflectors gave prom-
.
24
ising results under all sea conditions encoun-
tered during the tests. Maximum distances at
which the reflectors could be observed, using
shipboard radar, were 4+ miles under "good
weather conditions and 2% miles under ad-
verse conditions.
Plans were to alter the most promising
reflector buoys with the goal of increasing the
effective range, and subsequently to assist cer-
tain key fishermen in testing and evaluating
the markers under operational conditions.
3 ok 2 3 OK
SOUTHEAST ALASKA
HERRING CATCH MODERATE:
The commercial herring reduction fishery
ceased operations in early September 1964,
after what the industry termed a ''moderately
successful” season. Only 23,500 tons of a
35,000-ton herring catch quota were taken.
The catch was composed of about 50 percent
age VI fish and 11 percent age VII fish. No
younger age classes seemed strong at the
time.
= ER Ea os os
KING CRAB LANDINGS LOW AT KODIAK:
Returns of king crab tagged by the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in its stud-
ies near Kodiak were few, asof the end of
September 1964, and indicated a lower fishing
effort than in 1963. This is because full king
crab processing had not yet been re-establish-
ed in Kodiak since the earthquake. On the
Peninsula, however, processing was reported
to be in high gear and another large annual
pack was anticipated.
A full load of king crabs at Kodiak, Alaska.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Alaska Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
CHARTER OF VESSEL
"PARAGON" TERMINATED:
With the completion of Cruise 64-2 (June 16-
September 19, 1964) in the Gulf of Alaska and
Bering Sea, the exploratory fishing vessel
Paragon, chartered by the U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, terminated over 4
months of charter to the Bureau. The results
of explorations by that vessel will allow for
more detailed evaluation of the Gulf of Alas-
ka shrimp resource.
Note: See Commercial! Fisheries Review, November 1964 p. 17.
Alaska Fishery Investig ations
SOCKEYE FRY AVAILABILITY
LOW DURING SUMMER:
Widely separated studies involving sum-
mer sampling in Coville Lake with tow nets
and a roundhaul seine in Auke Lake showed
July-September declines in sockeye fry avail-
ability of 90 percent in Coville and 70 per-
cent in Auke Lake for 1964. The Coville study
also shows that for both 1963 and 1964 there
were probably heavy mortalities of sockeye
fry in early June, a stable period of low mor-
tality in mid-summer, and another period of
high mortality in late August.
x OK XK OK
NEW ADULT PINK SALMON RUN
TRANSPORTED INTO SASHIN CREEK:
vessel equipped with tanks for live fish
was used to transport adult pink salmon from
Bear Harbor, Kuiu Island, to Sashin Creek,
Little Port Walter. A total of 1,866 pink salm-
on (including 1,139 females) were released
above the weir and 150 males were released
below the weir. Those released below the
weir were divided into 3 groups of 50 each.
One group, tagged with red Petersen discs,
was released from the floating pound in Little
Port Walter Bay. The second group, tagged
with white discs, was released below the
weir without being held in Sashin Creek.
The third group, tagged with yellow discs,
was held in Sashin Creek 4 days and released
below the weir. About 40 of the 150 tagged
fish passed upstream through the weir.
The largest number passing upstream
originated from the group held 4 days inSashin
December 1964
Enumerating pink salmon fry on theiroutmigration at Sashin Creek,
Little Port Walter, Southeastem Alaska.
Creek, and the smallest number from the
group released in the bay.
There was no evidence of fish dying un-
spawned, and spawning occurred through the
0.6-mile length of spawning ground, Spawn-
ing density was highest in the lower 0.4-mile
section, however, The transplant study was
conducted cooperatively with Alaska Depart-
ment of Fish and Game biologists and a pri-
vately-owned packer vessel, The results may
demonstrate a feasible technique for increas -
ing salmon production in Alaska.
American Fisheries
Advisory Committee
RECOMMENDATIONS MADE AT
MEETING IN NEW ENGLAND:
At a three-day meeting held in Danvers, Mass., this Octo-
ber (1964), the American Fisheries Advisory Committee rec-
ommended that greater emphasis be placed on programs of
research and management of fishery resources, improving
product quality, and development of new fishery products. It
also suggested that a training program be started for com-
mercial fishermen as a means of encouraging young people
to enter the fishing industry. The Committee, which is re-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25
sponsible for advising the Secretary of the Interior on gen-
eral fishery matters, made a number of other major recom-
mendations,
Another recommendation by the Committee urged continu-
ation of efforts to resolve differences between sport fishing
and commercial fishing interests in both fresh-water and
salt-water fisheries resources. The Committee pointed out
that both groups face common problems, and solutions will
require concerted efforts by both.
Other actions taken by the Committee were:
1. Endorsed provisions of the Fishing Fleet Improvement
Act which calls for new fishing vessels to be of advance de-
sign, and that economic injury to existing fleets be avoided in-
sofar as possible,
2. Recommended that the fishing industry and the Federal
Government take full advantage of the Federal fisheries legis-
lation enacted in the 88th Congress.
3. Endorsed the new Commercial Fisheries Research and
Development Act as a means of providing maximum opportu-
nities for further development of commercial fisheries at
state levels,
At the meeting, representatives from the U.S, Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries discussed programs of the North At-
lantic Region. Highlights included the Bureau's research on
quality of fresh and frozen fish; new and more etficient fish-
ing vessels and gear; and biological and oceanographic pro-
grams seeking improved knowledge of fisheries resources,
Other matters discussed included the problem of heavy fish-
ing pressure by foreign fleets off the New England coast; the
recently passed Fishing Fleet Improvement Act; and economic
factors affecting the New England fishing industry.
The Advisory Committee visited the new and recently dedi-
cated Marine Products Irradiator at Gloucester, Mass. This
facility (which was constructed by the Atomic Energy Com-
mission) will be operated by personnel of the U. S, Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, and is the first food irradiation plant
in the world devoted entirely to fishery products, Members of
the Committee also toured major fish processing plants in the
Gloucester area,
The next meeting of the American Fisheries Advisory Com-
mittee will be held in Washington, D. C., in the spring of 1965.
American Samoa
}}
TUNA FLEET AS OF AUGUST 31, 1964:
A total of 33 tuna fishing vessels was re-
ported to be fishing out of American Samoa
as of August 31, 1964, They consisted of ves-
sels from the following countries: Japan--20;
Taiwan (Formosa)--7; Republic of South Ko-
rea--5; and Okinawa--1. An additional six
140-ton class tuna vessels from South Korea
were expected to join the Samoan fleet after
October 10. The six vessels were construct-
ed in Japan. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep-
tember 26, 1964.)
26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Aquatic Weeds
USE OF GRASS CARP FROM MALAYSIA
TO FIGHT WATER VEGETATION IN PONDS:
A species of fish known as grass carp
found in Malaysia is reported to be almost
completely herbivorous, preferring a diet of
grass and other water vegetation rather than
subsisting on insects and competing fish. The
U.S. Department of the Interior announced
this past September that 27 small specimens
of these grass carp were imported into the
United States from Malaysia in 1963 for prop-
agation experiments and study of their feeding
habits. They are being studied at experimen-
tal ponds managed by the Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife at Stuttgart, Ark. If
their propagation in this country is success-
ful, they may eventually be the means tohelp
fight vegetation in the thousands of farm ponds
where production of game fish is restricted
by excessive weed growth.
In selecting this carp, scientists point out
that excessive vegetation in farm ponds pro-
vides too much escape cover for small fish,
which are the main source of food for larger
fish. Heavy weed growth also impedes navi-
gation and the harvest of desirable fish spe-
cies. Herbicides could be used to eliminate
weeds, but that approach is considered too
costly and also might prove hazardous to fish.
For those reasons it was decided to experi-
ment with the test group of imported grass
carp.
The Bureau says it has much to learn
about the species before it would recommend
its use in the United States. Even if the grass
carp proves its worth at keeping vegetation
out of test ponds, its ability to reproduce will
be studied in carefully controlled experiments.
The Bureau also wishes to know the effects
the grass carp would have on other species of
fish and on desirable waterfowl foods.
The Chief of the Fish Farming Experimen-
tal Station at Stuttgart said Malaysian fish-
ery scientists report they have been unable to
Spawn grass carp in ponds there, Hebelieves
spawning might be induced by adding fresh
water to the test ponds and by injecting hor-
mones, if necessary. He said, "Up until 15
years ago it was believed impossible tospawn
our native buffalofish in ponds, but the intro-
duction of fresh water into ponds resulted in
successful spawning,’ Fishery scientists are
not sure why the introduction of fresh water
will help induce spawning. Some think itmay
Vol. 26, No. 12
give the fish confidence that there will be an
adequate water supply for the survival oftheir
young.
The 27 specimens of grass carpatStutt-
gart are the survivors of 70 fingerlings sent
to the experiment station by air in plastic
bags last year by the Malaysian Director of
Fisheries.
The fingerlings, then less than an inch
long, survived their trip and were divided
among indoor aquaria and an outdoor pond.
They were fed fish meal and canned spinach
during the winter. About half the indoor
group survived; only one in the outdoor pond
was lost. The survivors are now about 16
inches long and weigh about two pounds each.
They are fed high-protein fish meal, supple-
mented occasionally with a handful of grass.
The grass carp has smaller scales and a
more elongated body than its cousin, the
German carp, which was imported and intro-
duced to the United States nearly a century
ago as a food fish, but is not thought of very
highly by sport fishermen. The German carp
reproduces rapidly, muddies water, and re-
tards the growth of plants needed for oxygen
replenishment of water and competes for
food with some species more desired by
sportsmen. If the grass carp begins display-
ing any of those traits, it will be rejected by
the Stuttgart researchers. The grass carp is
said to be active and might be a good game
fish. As far as is now known, it does not
feed on other fish.
A report from England said 15,000 grass
carp are being used successfully to prevent
weeds from clogging water inlets at an elec-
tric power station at Barrow-in-Furness,
British scientists have not yet learned ifthe
fish will spawn there,
California
PETRALE SOLE MIGRATION
STUDIES AND TAGGING:
M/V "N.B. Scofield’ Cruise 64-S-4-Bot-
tomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964): To locate
and tag petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) for
migration and subpopulation studies was the
principal objective of this cruise in the
coastal waters off Shelter Cove, Bodega Bay,
and Ventura, by the California Department of
December 1964
Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield,
Secondary objectives were to tag Sharks in
cooperation with the American Institute of
Biological Sciences and the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife tagging program, and to collectspec-
mens for specific studies.
All tagging on this cruise was conductedin
the vicinities of Shelter Cove and Bodega Bay
using commercial otter trawl gear. A total of
2,864 petrale sole was tagged and released in
water shallower than 65 fathoms. The fish
were caught during 95 tows, each of which
lasted from 20 to 30 minutes. The condition
of the fish taken from and released in shallow
water was excellent,
A total of 43 tows was made in the Shelter
Cove area and yielded 1,664 petrale sole for
tagging. About 60 percent of those fish were
of commercial size (greater than 11 inches),
and were available in commercial quantity.
The remaining 52 tows were made in the
Bodega Bay area where 1,200 petrale were
tagged. Although 99 percent of the Bodega
. ~* ay
XZ, Sos SS, Soatish Flat
ot Se .
eS ss
'
Legend;
® - Tagging areas.
: /
\
Delgada Canyon
Nv
pies Delgada
SnreNter Cove
Fig. 1 - Shows Shelter Cove tagging area, N. B. Scofield Cruise
64-S-4-Bottomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964).
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27
Bay fish were of commercial size, they were
less abundant than in the Shelter Cove area.
Returns from this tagging effort will give
valuable information about summer migra-
tions of petrale sole stocks, as well as ad-
ditional growth data. A few tagged petrale
sole were recaptured by the commercial fish-
ing fleet before the cruise ended,
Five male dogfish shark (Squalus acanthius)
were tagged and released in the Shelter Cove
area, Two red Peterson disc-type tags print-
ed in English and Spanish were secured on
either side of the first dorsal fin with astain-
less steel pin,
Specimens of English sole (Parophrys
vetulus), petrale sole (Eopsetta roraan, Do-
ver sole (Microstomus pacificus), rex sole,
Glyptocephalus zachirus), and curl-fin turbot
(Pleuronichthys decurrens) were collected for
systematic studies at the California Academy
of Sciences.
Legend:
GY - Tagging areas.
Salt Point
Bodega Bay
Fig. 2 - Shows Bodega Bay tagging area, N. B. Scofield Cruise
64-S-4-Bottomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964).
.
28
It had been planned to tag Pacific halibut
(Hippoglossus stenolepis) with operculum tags
but none were caught during the cruise. The
halibut tagging project is in cooperation with
the International Pacific Halibut Commission.
Three tows were made in the Ventura area
to collect juvenile California halibut (Para-
lichthys californicus) for the California De-
partment of Fish and Game's sportfish proj-
ect at Terminal Island, but none was caught,
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 20.
Xk Ok
PELAGIC FISH POPULATION
SURVEY CONTINUED:
M/V “Alaska” Cruise 64-A-5-Pelagic Fish
(July 28-August 18, 1964): The objectives of
this cruise by the California Department of
Fish and Game research vessel Alaska in the
coastal waters of southern Baja California,
Mexico, from Magdalena Bay to Cedros Island
were to: (1) survey the pelagic species to
determine population densities and to ascer-
tain age and size compositions; (2) assess
sardine spawning success forthe current year
(1964); and (3) collect live anchovies and
groupers forblood genetic studies by the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological
Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif.
A large midwater trawl and a blanket net
were used as sampling devices. Both types
of gear were fished over the same general
areas; the trawl on 36 stations and the blan-
ket net on 24, All work was conducted at
night, with a bright electric light used to at-
tract fish for capture with the blanket net.
NORTHERN ANCHOVY (Engraulis mordax):
Northern anchovies were the dominant spe-
cies throughout the survey area, They were
taken in 24 midwater trawls in numbers rang-
ing from several fish up to 26,000. Visual
scouting between stations accounted for 68
schools and 25.5 miles of surface scatter in
the 237 miles scouted, (Surface scatter con-
sisted of fish spread sparsely through the top
3 to 4 feet of water, and which were in sight
continuously for distances up to several miles.)
Blanket-net stations were ineffective in
sampling anchovies due to the negative photo-
tactic reaction of that species to the attracting
light. They appeared under the light on4sta-
tions but remained so deep that only one small
sample was obtained.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.
12
Abreojos Pt.
Legend:
@ - Sardines, 1964 year-
class.
© - Sardines, 1964 year-
class & sub-adults.
© - Sardines, adults.
> - Northern anchovy.
© - Jack mackerel.
A - Pacific mackerel.
Balleras Bay
Santa Maria Bay ex
fe 3) Magdalena Bay
®
Alaska Cruise 64-A-5-Pelagic Fish (July 28-August 18, 1964).
Magdalena and Santa Maria Bays contained
large amounts of juvenile anchovies 60 to 80
millimeters (2.4 to 3.1 inches) long. They
were massed in thick continuous schools along
much of the shoreline. Concentrations of
adults were present off Abreojos Point and
smaller subadults were taken in Cristobal
Bay and at Cedros Island. Except for the
large amounts of juveniles in the southern
part of the area surveyed, anchovy abundance
appeared to be at about the same level as the
previous year.
PACIFIC SARDINE (Sardinops caeruleus):
Pacific sardines were taken at 8 blanket=net
stations and in 6 midwater trawl tows. Mag-
dalena and Santa Maria Bays yielded the most
fish, accounting for 5 blanket-net and 2 trawl
catches, Other catches were made in Bol-
December 1964
lenas Bay, Cristobal Bay, Thurloe Bay, and
at Cedros Island. Juvenile fish-of-the-year
predominated, with adults occurring in only
three catches. The juvenile sardines were
found in pure schools, a change from the usual
mixture of a few young sardines ina large
school of anchovies. No schools were sighted
during night scouting. The 1964 year-class
appears to be stronger than those of the pre-
ceding 2 years.
PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (Scomber
diego and Trachurus symmetricus): Pacific
mackerel were taken in quantity only in Mag-
dalena and Santa Maria Bays, where both ju-
veniles and adults were found, The remaining
catches consisted of a few individuals of sub-
adult size. The blanket net made 5 catches
and the trawl 1. Last year's (1963) survey
found Pacific mackerel distributed over a
much larger area and in greater quantities.
Jack mackerel were taken mainly in the
northern part of the survey area, The trawl
accounted for 14 catches and the blanket net
5. The catches consisted wholly of juveniles
and subadults, with a preponderance of fish-
of-the-year. Those young fish were scattered
throughout the upper 3 feet of water and were
very vulnerable to the trawl. No schools of
either mackerel species were sighted while
scouting.
INVERTEBRATES: Squid and pelagic red
crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) were frequently
taken in the trawl, Several catches of red
crab exceeded one ton,
During the cruise, live broomtail grouper
(Myctoperca xenarcha) and spotted cabrilla
Epinephelus analogus) were collected for
blood serology studies by the U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory,
La Jolla,
Weather and sea conditions during the
cruise were good and permitted completion
of all planned work, Sea surface tempera-
tures were considerably colder than normal
for the time of year, especially north of Ab-
reojos Point. Temperatures in that area
ranged from 59° F, (15.0° C.) to 68° F.
(20,0° C.) and averaged about 7° F. colder
than during the previous year.
Airplane Spotting Flight 64-12-Pelagic
Fish (August 10-12, 1964): To determine the
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29
inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic
fish schools, the area from Bodega Bay to
Port Hueneme, and Point Vicente to Ocean-
side, Calif., was surveyed from the air by
the California Department of Fish and Game
aircraft Cessna "182" N9042T,
On August 10, the area from Jalama Park
to Port Hueneme and Point Vicente to Ocean-
side was scouted, Heavy smoke and haze
limited air visibility in the areas flown and
precluded surveying much of the southern
California coastal area, From Ventura south,
"red tide’ restricted water visibility. North
of Ventura, a total of 56 northern anchovy
(Engraulis mordax) schools was noted very
near the surf line. At San Onofre, a small
school of Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) was
sighted on the surface feeding upon smaller
unidentified organisms.
On August 12, the area from Bodega Bay
to Mussel Point was scouted, Both air and
water visibility were good except for a few
patches of fog in the Morro Bay-Pismo Beach
area,
In Monterey Bay, large concentrations of
anchovies were seen near Santa Cruz and
Monterey. The fish at Santa Cruz occurred
in large unbroken groups; one school being an
estimated 4 miles long and } mile wide.
Many of the schools were in the surf. Ancho-
vy schools were also spotted in Drakes Bay,
the San Francisco area, Cayucos-Morro Bay,
and the Avila-Pismo Beach areas.
More fish were seen on this flight than on
any other flight the past 15 years.
seo otk ose ook
Airplane Spotting Flight 64-13-Pelagic
Fish (September 1-3, 1964): The area fain
Point Arena, Mendocino County, to the United
States-Mexican Border was surveyed by the
aircraft Cessna ''182'' N9042T. Weather con-
ditions on this flight were ideal for aerial
scouting, Air visibility extended up to 50
miles at times and water clarities were gen-
erally good, Red tide and other phytoplankton
blooms were found in mostareas scouted but
only in small, local concentrations.
On September 1, the area from Jalama
Park to the United States-Mexican Border
was scouted, Between Laguna Beach and the
Mexican Border, 72 schools of large Pacific
bonito (Sarda chiliensis) and 1 schoolofCali-
.
30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
fornia barracuda (Sphyraena argentea) were and 10 miles offshore,. Many anchovy and a
counted. Northern anchovies (Engraulis mor mor- | few sardine schools were again seen in the
dax) were quite abundant from Dana Point Bahia proper. Air and water visibility was
south where 46 schools were tallied, excellent that day.
On the following day, the area from Point The area from Laguna Scammon to Punta
Arena to Point Sur was scouted. An exten- Banda was scouted on the last day of the sur-
sive school group of anchovies (98 schools) vey. Water visibility ranged from good to
was sighted near the surf between Bolinas Bay | poor, Air visibility was reduced by low bro-
and San Francisco; the schools were small ken clouds over part of Bahia de Sebastian
and indistinct. The water was a light green- Vizcaino. Scouting north of Punta Banda was
ish-brown and turbid. Another anchovy school | terminated due to a complete cloud cover.
group (29 schools) was found along the beach- | Red water was encountered at Punta Canoas,
es just south of San Francisco. Cabo San Quintin, Cabo Colnett and Punta
Banda.
On the last day of the survey, the area
from Santa Cruz Point to Point Vicente was Anchovy schools were seen in Bahia de!
scouted. In Monterey Bay, 18 breezingschools| Sebastian Vizcaino, near Punta Canoas, Punta
of unidentified fish were counted, all under Baja and Cabo San Quintin. Five sardine
predation by birds. Very possibly the schools | schools were sighted, 3 near Punta Santo
were ''pinhead" anchovies. During August Domingo and 2 southwest of Punta Canoas.
there were many large schools of anchovies Most schools of both species were againseen
in that area. Red tide was extensive in the near the surf line,
northern part of the bay.
This flight was by far the most productive,
Other school groups of anchovies were in numbers of schools seen, of the three
found in the Cayucos (23 schools), Avila (11 Beachcraft N5614D flights flown this year.
schools), and Port Hueneme (25 schools) a
5 : Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p. 24;
areas. Red tide also was encountered inthose Gast iia, i,
same areas.
Hk OK ok Se OK
phe NS ERS GS BRS
HATCHERY FISH LOSSES
Airplane Spotting ht 64-14-Pelagic ATTRIBUTED TO FOOD PROBLEM:
Fish (September Der ise 7 964): The area from Something in a fish food formula apparent-
Punta Banda to Cabo San Lucas, Baja Cali- ly caused the excessive fish losses experi-
fornia, Mexico, was surveyed by the Beech- enced at California State hatcheries during
craft N5614D, This was the third of four ex- |the summer of 1964, From mid-July through
perimental quarterly flights scheduled for late September 1964, approximately 2,128,000
1964 along the Baja California coastline. small fish died in California State fish-rearing
installations. That was about 9 percent ofthe
On September 15, the area from Laguna 23 million fish in the hatcheries when the
Scammon to Punta del Marquis was scouted. |problem arose.
Air and water visibility was very good
throughout the area scouted, Large school As soon as the excessive death rate was
groups of northern anchovies (Engraulis mor- |noted, scientists began searching for the cause.
dax) were observed from Bahia de San Cristo- | The possibility of a disease outbreak was
bal south to Bahia de la Magdalena, the ma- ruled out first. Then other avenues were in-
jority swimming near the surf line. The vestigated. When a change to different kinds
schools were rather small, compact clusters. |of fish food began to bring the situation under
Fish schools also abounded in Bahia de la control, fish culturists were led to believe
Magdalena proper. Most were anchovies, that the original food might have been respon-
but 12 Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) sible.
schools were noted, |
Rainbow trout were hit hardest, with 1.7
On September 16, the area from Cabo San |million small fish lost from the 18.2 million
Lucas to Bahia de la Magdalena was scouted, |rainbows on hand when the problem started,
A large school group of sardines (56 individ- |About 100,000 trout of other species also were
ual schools) were breezing south of the Bahia !lost. Although the loss was much heavier than
December 1964
is normal for hatchery operations, the Cali-
fornia Department of Fish and Game said it
would still be able to meet 1965 trout require-
ments. Additional trout eggs can be taken,
hatched, and reared to replace the lost fish.
King salmon, silver salmon, and steelhead
trout were less severely affected, Among that
group, losses because of the food problem
were as follows: of 696,000 king salmon on
hand, 130,000 were lost; of 1,880,000 silver
salmon on hand, 13,000 were lost; and of
2,198,000 steelhead on hand, 185,000 were
lost.
The king salmon involved were fish being
raised to yearling size in an experimental
program. Plants of king salmon fingerlings
(totaling about 11.8 million fish) made before
the food problem arose accounted for the bulk
of king salmon production in California State
hatcheries in1964. Steelhead trout and silver
salmon are usually planted as yearlings, al-
KACIFIC OCR AN
(YAP OITRIET) Oo reaur
ee FARAULEP ATOLL 1
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WATaWan ATOLL
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31
though 1,512,000 steelhead were also planted
as small fingerlings earlier this year.
California hatchery officials stated that
although the problem seems to be under con-
trol, some further losses are anticipated due
to the after effects of the food problem, par-
ticularly among king salmon, (California De-
partment of Fish and Game, October 3, 1964.)
Caroline Islands
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PROJECT
AT PALAU BEING DEVELOPED:
major breakthrough in commercial fish-
eries development in the Caroline Islands
Group of the United States Trust Territory of
the Pacific occurred in 1963, At that time,
an agreement was signed between a California
tuna-packing firm and the Trust Territory
TRUST TERRITORY
of the
PACIFIC ISLANDS
NORTHERN MARIANA, CAROLINE, AND MARSHALL ISLANDS
© OWTHEY semen teaton
1 veousneo
(MARSHALL 15 DISTRICT) ' atu
BIKAR ATORL Se
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o
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OMGEMIE ATOLL
=
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5 UIELANG ATOLL
(POMAPE DISTRICT) ws
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ou WOT ATOLL
1 “aiel'
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Mnravor than © MORI ei
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(TRUK ONSTRICT)
32
Government for the establishment of a com-
mercial fishery enterprise at Palau. The
contract called for the development of exten-
Sive fishing operations in Palau, as well as
establishing a commercial tuna-freezing plant
and for the training of Micronesians ashore
and at sea. Shore installations and other fa-
cilities were to be built by the United States
firm with the cooperation of the Trust Terri-
tory Administation,
In its 16th Annual Report to the United Na-
tions, the Trust Territory Administration
said the opening of Palau to commercial fish-
ing marks the first major step toward large-
scale development of the most important nat-
ural resource of the Territory, and is expect-
ed in time to lead to similar enterprises in
other districts. The administration reported
that the Pilot Fisheries Project at Palau was
in operation and that a cold-storage freezer
plant had been completed. In 1964 the pro-
gram to train Micronesians in live-bait tuna
fishing was under way with some 25 trainees
taking part in the training program on Hawai-
ian tuna fishing vessels.
The Administration reported that other
United States tuna-packing firms also were
interested in the area's commercial fishery
possibilities and that representatives of those
firms had made surveys in Palau, Truk, and
Saipan. The Administration stated that while
the quantity of frozen reef fish exported to
Guam dropped somewhat during the period
covered in its report, there was an appreci-
able increase in shipments of frozen fish to
other districts in the Territory. Frozen fish
exports to Guam and other districts were ex-
pected to increase materially in 1964 now
that the cold-storage freezer at Palau is com-
pleted.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 16;
April 1964 p. 32; August 1963 p. 85.
Central Pacific
Fisheries Investigations
RESULTS OF MIDWATER TRAWLING
FOR JUVENILE TUNA:
M/V “Townsend Cromwell” Cruise 7 (Au-
gust 10-24, 1964): One of the major problems
faced by biologists engaged in studies on the
life history of marine fish is the lack of data
on the smaller specimens which fall under
the category of juveniles. Presently, larval
fish are sampled by various types of plankton
nets, while data on the adults are obtained
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol.
26, No. 12
Fig. 1 - Recovering the Nanaimo trawl aboard a U.S. Bureau of
| Commercial Fisheries research vessel in the Central Pacific. -
either through existing commercial fisheries
or by the use of specialized fishing gear. In
neither case are juveniles caught in any quan-
tity. This lack of juveniles in the plankton
catches has been attributed to the combined
effects of the swiming ability of the juveniles,
the towing speed of the sampling devices, and
| the relatively small size of the plankton nets.
The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Biological Laboratory in Honolulu, Hawaii,
is approaching that problem by considering
the use of very large nets. This past August,
sea trials (M/V Townsend Cromwell Cruise
7) were carried out to test the Cobb’ pelagic
| midwater trawl andthe 'Nanaimo”™ Mark IV
midwater trawl as possible methods of catch-
ing juvenile tuna. Under optimum conditions,
| the ''Cobb'' trawl has a mouth opening of 80x 80
feet, while the ''Nanaimo'! trawl measures
40x40 feet. By comparison, the plankton net
in use by the Honolulu Laboratory is a ring
net with a diameter of 1 meter (about 3.3 feet).
In order to retain juvenile tuna less than 30
December 1964
Fig. 2 - Emptying the Nanaimo trawl.
millimeters (1.2 inches) in length, the "Cobb"
and "Nanaimo" trawls used in the trials were
modified by adding small-mesh cod-end liners
(4 inch stretch-mesh nylon to the ''Cobb”"
trawl and + inch square-mesh nylon to the
"Nanaimo" trawl).
A preliminary analysis of the trawl catches
showed that 2 juvenile skipjack tuna (Katsu-
wonus pelamis) were taken in 1 of the Ii
hauls made with the ''Cobb" trawl. With the
"Nanaimo" trawl, which had slightly smaller
mesh sizes than the "Cobb" trawl, a total of
12 hauls yielded 5 juvenile skipjack. The
catches were made in 2 of the 12 hauls. The
juveniles ranged in size from 15.0 to 25.0
millimeters (0.6 to 1.0 inches) in standard
length.
The test hauls were made in the lee of the
islands of Oahu and Hawaii, where skipjack
are usually plentiful during the summer
months, Hauls were generally made in the
morning between 0700 and 1000 hours and at
night between 1900 and 2200 hours, All the
juvenile skipjack were taken in the morning
hauls when the trawl was towed at depths be-
tween 40 and 60 fathoms. Hauls made near
the surface and at depths over 70 fathoms
failed to catch juvenile tunas.
During that cruise a recently acquired
trawl depth indicator (the Furuno Net-Sonde)
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33
was tried. The instrument, which is activated
at a depth of 25 fathoms by a pressure switch
in the transducer, was operated successfully.
On several occasions, traces of what ap-
peared to be sizable schools of fish were
picked up by the SIMRAD depth recorder,
No attempt was made to fish the schools be-
cause of the time limitation. Nevertheless,
several important questions arise from those
traces: (1) whether the traces did indeed rep-
resent schools of commercial fish, and if so,
whether they were composed of bottom fish
not presently being exploited commercially,
(2) whether the bottom topography surround-
ing the islands are suitable for trawling, and
(3) whether the trawlable area is large enough
and fish plentiful enough to sustain trawling on
a commercial scale.
Based on recent reports on trends intrawl-
ing methods, it is quite feasible to use exist-
ing types of gear to depths of 100-400 fathoms
for commercial fishing, It is noteworthy that
in the Hawaiian Islands, the 100- to 400-
fathom area contains over 5,000 square miles;
how much of that area is suitable for trawling
is not yet known, but it could be considerable.
A preliminary assessment of abundance
and composition of fish available to trawling
is contemplated for the future by the Bu-
reau's Honolulu Biological Laboratory and
the discovery of new fishery resources would
be an important economic development in is-
land fisheries.
On this cruise the ''Cobb"' midwater trawl
was tested off Waianae and also a series of
trawl hauls were made with the "Cobb" and
"Nanaimo'' midwater trawls in the lee of Ha-
waii for biological studies. The vessel (op-
erated by scientists of the U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory,
Honolulu, Hawaii) experimented in an area
off Waianae, Oahu, and Kona, Hawaii.
Side trawling operations using both the
"Cobb" and ''Nanaimo' midwater trawls were
accomplished successfully during this cruise.
The "Cobb" trawl was used successfully with-
out any modification in the gear. The ''Na-
naimo" trawl was modified considerably with
the removal of the stabilizer fins, addition of
chain along the entire length of the footrope
and addition of 10 extra floats to the original
14 floats. The modified net performed better
than the ''Cobb"' trawl due to smaller mesh
size,
34
Out of a total of 28 hauls, 5 were made with
the ''Cobb" trawl in the test area off Waianae
where the 2 juvenile skipjack tuna were taken
in a morning haul. Eleven hauls with the same
trawl off the lee of Hawaii yielded no juvenile
tuna. The catches were generally less than
gallon of material. Twelve hauls with the
modified Nanaimo" trawl resulted in 2 hauls
catching 1 and 3 juvenile skipjack, respective-
ly. The volume of catches generally exceed-
ed those made with the "Cobb" trawl. All the
juvenile tuna were taken in the morning hauls
between the hours of 0700-0930. Both day
and night surface hauls caught very few or no
juvenile fish.
A trial surface tow with the 2-meter plank-
ton net showed that this could be an excellent
sampling device. The meter attached to the
ring operated satisfactorily but the loose cor-
ner connections of the metal frame caused the
net to collapse. This can be easily corrected
by constructing a frame with rigid corners.
From the results of the trawling operations,
it was concluded that it is now possible to de-
Sign a net that will serve the best purpose in
attaining adequate catches and in reducing the
manpower required for that operation.
No tuna schools were sighted in the lee of
Hawaii during the 13 weeks of trawling. This
may possibly have had some bearing on the
poor catches of juvenile tuna made with the
trawls.
% Oe OK OK *
TRADE WIND ZONE
OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES CONTINUED:
ownsend Cromwell Cruise 8 (Sep-
tember 1-20, 1964): This was the seventhin
a series of oceanographic cruises to deter-
mine rates of change in the distribution of
properties in the trade wind zone of the cen-
tral North Pacific. The research vessel
Townsend Cromwell of the U. S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory,
Honolulu, Hawaii, operated in the central
North Pacific bounded by latitudes 10° N.,
27° N. and longitudes 148° W., 158° W. during
this cruise, which was completed September
20, 1964.
A total of 43 oceanographic stations was
occupied along the cruise track. At each of
the stations occupied, temperatures and sam-
ples for salinity analysis were obtained at
20 depths to 1,500 meters (4,921 feet). A
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Legend:
e - Hydrographic station.
4 - Plankton tow.
e - Bl,
X -Deep cast.
@'- Number of feeding bird
flocks sighted.
Cruise track chartof Townsend Cromwell Cruise 8 (September 1-
20, 1964), showing depth contours of the 20° C. isotherm in
meters.
deep cast to 5,000 meters (16,404 feet) was
taken at station 31.
The September surface circulation pattern
did not differ markedly from the pattern seen
during the month of July (Townsend Cromwell
Cruise 6). During both those months, a broad
region of variable flow between 15° and 23° N.
latitude separated the relatively faster cur-
rents moving eastward in the northern por-
tion and westward in the southern portion of
the study area. The westerly flow, the North
Equatorial Current, appeared to have in-
creased in intensity during this cruise, as
suggested by the sharper gradients of the iso-
therm depths. Surface temperatures in the
study area ranged from 24° C. to 27° C.
(75.2° F. to 80.69 F.), as before. An increase
in the extent of the weak, secondary surface
December 1964
thermocline was also noted throughout the re-
gion covered.
A total of 28 feeding bird flocks were
sighted on this cruise as compared with 49
sightings during the July Townsend Cromwell
cruise. Ten plastic-enclosed drift cards were
released at 30-mile intervals along the entire
cruise track during this cruise.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 Pe 27
Ok OK KOK
EARTH'S GRAVITATION MEASURED:
M/V “Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 73 (May
29-June 4, 1964): This cruise bythe research
vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U. S. Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries Biological Labora-
tory, Honolulu, Hawaii, to obtain measure-
ments of the earth's gravity, was in collabo-
ration with the Institute of Geophysics, Uni-
versity of Hawaii.
The Charles H. Gilbert made rendezvous
with the University's research vessel Neptune
I, and the two vessels thereafter proceeded
independently. Sea conditions were unusually
calm during the entire cruise, permitting
some 1,000 miles of gravity observations out
of about 1,170 miles total cruise. This was
\65°
Shows arca of operations during Cruise 74 of the Charles H, Gilbert, June 15-August 23, 1964,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35
considered a successful cruise since there
had been some question as to whether or not
a sea gravimeter could operate on a small
vessel.
HS OK OK OK OK
TUNA BIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONTINUED:
M/V “Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 74 (June
16-August 23, 1964): Tuna biological studies
and oceanographic observations were the ob-
jectives of this cruise by the research vessel
Charles H. Gilbert. The area in which the
research vessel operated was bounded by lat-
itudes 18930! N. to 23°50! N. and longitudes
154°30' W. to 166°20! W.
Successful fishing areas for skipjack tuna
during this cruise included the waters from
Kauai to Kaula Island, Penguin Banks, the
Kona coast and Hilo on the island of Hawaii,
and the banks region near the island of Nihoa.
A total of 1,681 skipjack blood samples was
collected from 19 schools and a standard
watch for bird flocks was maintained.
During the cruise, a total of 72 bird flocks
was sighted, 53 were associated with skipjack
schools, 8 with mahi-mahi schools, and 11
were unidentified.
.
36
Bathythermograph casts were taken at 3-
hour intervals when practicable throughout
the cruise. A water sample for salinity
measurements was taken with each cast. Ad-
ditional surface salinities and temperatures
were taken each time a school was fished.
Drift cards were released every 3 hours
during the regular BT schedule, and a stand-
ard weather watch was maintained.
A total of 155 live skipjack, 17 yellowfin,
and 4 Euthynnus yaito was obtained for the
Laboratory's Behavior Program studies.
Landings were made on Nihoa, Necker and
various portions of French Frigate Shoals to
search for drift cards but none was found.
A demonstration cruise was given by the
vessel during the Hawaiian International Bill-
fish Tournament held at Kona, Hawaii. A total
of 189 skipjack was caught and 100 blood
samples were taken on that cruise.
He ok oe oe ok
TUNA BEHAVIOR STUDIES CONTINUED:
arles H. Gilbert’ Cruise ep-
tember 14-18, 1964): To collect and return
live scombrids to the Kewalo Basin tanks of
the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii,
where their behavior is being studied, was
the primary objective of this cruise by the
Laboratory's research vessel Charles H. Gil-
bert. Another objective was to return to
Kewalo Basin for density determinations up
to 10 specimens of each scombrid species
caught (excluding skipjack) which died during
fishing operations.
A total of 146 scombrids was caught by
trolling and pole-and-line fishing during the
cruise, 66 live specimens of which were
placed in the behavior facility tanks. The to-
tal catch by species during this cruise was
141 skipjack tuna, 3 little tuna, 2 yellowfin,
and 1 mahi-mahi. Density determination was
made of one little tuna.
During the cruise, red and white muscle
and blood samples were obtained from 4 skip-
jack for ion-metabolism studies by the Pacific
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Hawaii.
lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 16;
’
June 1964 p. 14,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Columbia River
SALMON RETURNS ENCOURAGING:
Silver: By early October 1964, more than
51,062 silver salmon had passed through the
counting ladders at Bonneville Dam on the
Columbia River, setting a new record for the
period since 1938 when salmon counting be-
gan on the Columbia. Silver salmon usually
run until mid-October so the final 1964 re-
turns should be even greater. The previous
record year was 1941 when 17,911 silvers
passed Bonneville Dam.
The tremendous increase in silver salmon
returns is apparently due to the improved
fish hatchery program in the Columbia River
and its tributaries, according to officials of
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The
Columbia River hatcheries are producing
larger and more vigorous fingerling silver
salmon which are reared to yearling size for
their migration to the ocean.
The improved quality of the silvers is in-
dicated by the 1964 commercial landings, in
which the average silver salmon weighed a-
bout 10 pounds--2 pounds more than normal.
Total silver salmon landings in 1964 by Colum-
bia River commercial fishermen are expected
to exceed 1 million pounds. Sport fishermen
at the mouth of the Columbia also had a good
year, landing many 15-pound silvers.
Since most of the natural spawning grounds
for silver salmonare located below Bonneville
Dam, the large return of silvers to hatcheries
above the dam indicates that the Federal and
State hatcheries are doing an effective job.
Fall Chinook: The escapement of fall chi-
nook salmon through Bonneville Dam totaled
169,292 fish as of October 5, 1964. That was
30,222 more than the 1963 total of 139,070,
and was the greatest number of fall chinook at
Bonneville since 1959, when the count was
189,115.
The 1964 fall chinook run also provided
Columbia River commercial fishermenwith a
good catch which is expected to exceed 3 mil-
lion pounds.
An extra dividend from the heavy run was
the large take of fall chinook eggs at various fish
hatcheries. The 14 lower Columbia River
hatcheries--both State and Federal--had a
much better than average year with a total of
about 111 million fall chinook eggs taken.
Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery located
above Bonneville Dam near Underwood, Wash.,
December 1964
led all the hatcheries with 45 million eggs
collected from the spawning run to the hatchery
and 3 million from the run to the Big White
Salmon River. Bonneville Hatchery of the
Oregon Fish Commission took 15 million eggs.
After hatching, the fish from those eggs will
be raised at the hatcheries and released into
the main river or tributary streams to start
their migration to the ocean,
os. Chinook: Good numbers of spawning
spring chinook Ssalmon--some 21 percent
more than the average counted during the past
15 years--were tallied during a late survey
of 5 key salmon-producing streams in east
ern Oregon. The purpose of the spawning
ground survey (made annually by the Oregon
Fish Commission) is to determine the trend
of spawning escapement to upriver tributaries
of the Columbia River. During the surveys,
fisheries men walk sample sections of certain
streams on one occasion each year during the
peak of spawning activities, counting alladult
salmon encountered, both alive and dead, The
total number of fish thus counted is taken as
the index number for the year. That number
can be compared with the numbers obtained
in other years for an indication of the trend
of escapement to the spawning grounds-~-
whether up, down, or relatively stable,
The 1964 count of 1,072 spring chinook
spawners on slightly less than 40 miles of
index stream is among the highest since the
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37
annual surveys began in 1948. (The count rep-
resents only a portion of the total number of
spawners present in the five streams, and
is not intended to be a complete count of the
fish present in them.)
Index spawning areas covered in the an-
nual survey include portions of the Minam,
Lostine, and [mnaha Rivers and Catherine
and Lookingglass Creeks. A prespawning
loss of adults resulting from a flash flood
on Catherine Creek during late July reduced
this year's count which otherwise would have
been even more favorable.
The annual survey is only a sampling
program. It does not cover many good east-
ern Oregon spawning streams and it does
not include Idaho and eastern Washington
where other good Columbia watershed chi-
nook spawning tributaries are located.
Federal Purchases of Fishery Products
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES,
JANUARY -SEPTEMBER 1964;
Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the
Armed Forces under the Department of De-
fense, more fresh and frozen fishery pro-
ducts were purchased in September 1964 than
in the previous month, The increase~~40,3
Table 1 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen 54 with Products by Defense
Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 wi
Product 964
as
raw headless, ... «
Peeled and deveined : ‘ :
breaded. ww eevee oe
molded and breaded. . . oe
Comparisons
Se tember
6
970,550
1,060, 622
3, 175, 850
349,770
ALE SE NS A RP IL
@StEID see sere seeeves
POU Ses Ga ce ee at 8 8
ee ee Ree
Fillets:
Floundare,» 55.06.0008 8 00 ae
PIGGOUOKG cc U's bas be 6 46 B
Ocean perch
Haddock me
143, 050
28, 750
1,055
. a
Salmon. .ceeeeee reves
Swordfish «ws secs us cece.
ii /Breakdown not available,
43) 136 235, 072
oats ee AL
382, 466
2, 443, 502
1,583, 854
2791 re
488, 685
2, 389, 927
1, 666, 576
2,932, 651
205, 673
143, 107
ee 026
171,052
15, 063
1 318
1,016, 127
173,275
10, 635
1, 108,073
143, 650
24,068
38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
percent in quantity and 28.2 percent in value--
was due to larger purchases of scallops, oys-
ters, and finfish products. Total shrimp pur-
chases were about the same in both months.
Table 2 = Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense
Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 with Comparisons
[_ Sept. | _‘Jan.-Sept. | Sept. | Jan. -Sept. |
1964 1964
Zia chica (STNOOO) a keceie
1,464 ]992 |10, 819] 9,942
5a (1,000 Lbs.)
2,665 |1, 853] 20,078 | 17,673
Compared with the same month in the pre-
vious year, purchases in September 1964 were
up 43.8 percent in quantity and 47.6 percent
in value. This September there were larger
purchases of shrimp, scallops, and most fish
fillet items, particularly haddock fillets and
portions.
Total purchases in the first 9 months of
1964 were up 13.6 percent in quantity and 8.8
percent in value. In January-September 1964
there were larger purchases of shrimp and
scallops, but noticeably lower purchases of
cod fillets, ocean perch fillets, and halibut
steaks.
Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense
Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 with Comparisons
QUANTITY VALUE
5
ES) o co wee
Tuna | 1,066) 647 |4,282|2,711| 452 | 290 |1,907]1, 297
Salmon 2{ 12] 681] 30| 1 | 417| ’ 20
375| 10
Canned: In the first 9 months of 1964, to-
tal purchases of the 3 principal canned fish-
ery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines)
were up 67.6 percent in quantity and 68.8 per-
cent in value due mainly to larger purchases
of tuna. Canned salmon purchases were also
up, but there was a modest decline in canned
sardine purchases in January-September 1964
due principally to the light 1964 season pack.
Freeze-Dried: Fishery purchases for the
Armed Forces in September 1964 included
1,960 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp (cooked)
with an average value of $10.49 per pound, and
540 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp (raw) with
an average value of $18.48 per pound.
Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local
purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases
are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not
obtainable.
(2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov. 1964 p. 28
Vol. 26, No. 12
‘Fish Hatcheries
STUDIES ON RE-USE OF
HATCHERY WATER CONTINUED:
Experiments with re-use of hatchery water
for salmonids (involving oyster-shell filtration
and bacterial recondition) conducted by the
U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
| have been expanded from the highly successful
circular tank model to pilot-scale raceways.
An aeration tower has been constructed at the
Salmon-Cultural Laboratory, Longview, Wash.,
the filter beds and reconditioning units were
made ready, and 80 pounds of fingerling chi-
nook salmon were introduced into each of two
raceways. The oyster shell not only filters
the water but also keeps the pH up, and the
nitrogen-metabolizing bacteria keep ammonia
concentration down. Growth of fish in the
earlier tests of re-used water was exception-
ally good and mortalities exceptionally low.
The prospects seemed excellent for applica-
tion in areas where water supplies are low.
Fisheries Laboratory
BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY AT
OXFORD, MD., DEDICATED BY U.S.
| BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
e U. 8S. Bureau o ommercial Fisheries
held dedication ceremonies on October 17,
1964, for its Biological Laboratory at Oxford,
Md. It is the Bureau's first laboratory on
Chesapeake Bay.
Although the laboratory building has been
occupied since 1960, dedication ceremonies
were delayed pending the completion of other
research facilities, including four quarter-
acre artificial salt-water ponds where large-
scale culture and growth studies will becar-
ried out.
Donald L. McKernan, Director of the Buz:
reau of Commercial Fisheries, said the Ox-<
ford Laboratory has already made valuable
contributions in several scientific fields, in-
cluding studies of shellfish mortality and
shellfish culture. Research at the laboratory
is conducted in cooperation with State author-
ities in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and
Virginia.
The Oxford Laboratory is located on a ma-
jor estuary which has a salinity range from
fresh to oceanic water. Chesapeake Bay is
December 1964
an excellent breeding, nursery, and feeding
ground for many sport and commercially im-
portant fish. In the adjacent ocean and in sea-
side bays are oysters, surf clams, soft and
hard clams, crabs, and many fish species of
recreational and commercial importance.
The Oxford Laboratory also maintains a
Field Station at Chincoteague Bay, Va., where
studies requiring oceanic salinity are con-
ducted.
The largest operation at the Oxford Labor-
atory is the shellfish mortality program. In
recent years massive oyster mortalities due
to disease have virtually wiped out the oyster
industry in Delaware Bay, and seriously dam-
aged the industry in Virginia. The cause of
the mortalities is as yet unknown, although
there is some epidemiological evidence that
indicates an organism called MSX (multi-
nucleate sphere unknown) may be the infective
agent responsible.
The laboratory staff numbers 24 (12 pro-
fessional scientists and an equal number of
Supporting aides and technicians), with ad-
ditional scientists scheduled to join the re-
search group.
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries oper-
ates 20 biological research laboratories lo-
cated on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts,
and in Hawaii and Alaska. Each has specific
missions concentrating on important com-
mercial species in its area.
Fishery Research
FEDERAL AID FISHERY RESEARCH
AND SPECIAL STUDIES:
Many new Federal Aid fishery research pro-
jects were approved bythe U.S. Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife this past June. Virginia
and Georgia will participate in a cooperative
fish disease and parasite study. Oregon will
study Kokanee salmon and coastal cutthroat
trout ecology. Wyoming will determine the
role of three tributary streams in the natural
perpetuation of cutthroat trout in the Snake
River.
Tennessee will evaluate the effect of Cor-
dell Hull Dam construction on the 7-mile-long
fishery in the tail waters of the Dale Hollow
Dam. Kentucky Reservoir fishing survey will
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39
be a combined study conducted by the Ten-
nessee Valley Authority and the Kentucky
and Tennessee conservation departments.
Colorado will make preimpoundment investi-
gations of the Curecanti Unit, Upper Colorado
River Storage Project.
Louisiana plans an ecological survey of
factors affecting fish production in a natural
lake and ina river. California will investi-
gate the effects of artificial destratification
in a reservoir and measure physical and
chemical changes in the water. California
also will conduct environmental and behavioral
studies on coastal sport fishes living in the
rocky subtidal area.
Montana will undertake fisheries surveys
by helicopter on 10 mountain lakes in the
Bitter-root River Drainage that are inacces-
sible by road. New general statewide fisher-
ies surveys were started in Oklahoma, Mon-
tana, Kansas, North Carolina, and Colorado.
Also, contracts for special studies have
been signed with universities where coopera-
tive fishery units are located: University of
Maine--striped bass spawning in Maine coast-
al streams; Cornell University--methods for
marking young fish; University of Massachu-
setts--life history of rock bass, Quabbin Res -
ervoir; Pennsylvania State University--ecol-
ogy of the white sucker; and North Carolina
State University--variation in growth rate in
bluegills. The results of those studies will
be applicable to State and Federal fishery
programs.
Fishing Limits
THIRD INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA
CONFERENCE RECOMMENDED BY
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION GROUP:
A resolution concerning the width of the
territorial sea and fishing limits was adopted
by the House of Delegates of the American
Bar Association at its annual meeting in
New York City, August 12, 1964. The resolu-
tion said that the territorial sea and fishery
controls should be considered as unrelated
and separate problems. The resolution rec-
ommended that the American Bar Association
strongly urge that the United States Govern-
ment:
: 1, Publicly proclaim its willingness to join with other states
in reaching separate agreements for:
.
40
(a) Substantial uniformity of breadth of the territorial sea
for the purpose of ensuring free and unhampered navigation in,
on, and over the maximum expanse of the high seas, and
(b) fishery controls for sound utilization and conservation
of the living resources of the sea, including agreement upon
reasonable zones for exclusive fishery rights in coastal states.
2. Take the leadinurging the United Nations to convene a
Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference at which, for
the first time, the consideration of freedom of navigation, and
fishery controls, as unrelated and separate problems would,
hopefully, enable states to agree upon solutions to each of
these problems.
3. Immediately constitute an expert study group, with polit-
ical, military, industrial, scientific, and legal representation,
to recommend specific solutions to each of the aforesaid prob-
lems which will both serve the individual interests of the Unit-
ed States and gain acceptance in the family of nations.
SS
Pa) x
Fur Seals
PRICES FOR ALASKA SKINS
AT FALL 1964 AUCTION:
The fall auction in 1964 (October 8-9) of
United States Government-owned fur seal
skins yielded $2.36 million. The total value
was Slightly more than that received for the
spring 1964 auction, but more skins were sold
and the average price per skin was consider-
ably lower than during the spring auction.
The average price per skin received for
male fur seal skins (dyed Black, Kitovi, and
Matara) was $85.56 and for female skins (dyed
Black, Kitovi, and Matara) $64.34. At the
spring 1964 auction, the average price paid
for male skins was $105.45 and for female
skins $71.16.
Lakoda (female sheared) seal skins brought
an average price of $59.65 at the fall 1964 auc-
tion, or a much higher price than the average
of $48.82 at the spring 1964 auction and $40.63
at the fall 1963 auction. This increase is due
to the intoduction of a dyed Lakoda product.
Average prices received for processed
male fur seal skins by color or type at the
fall 1964 auction were: Black, $91.58, Kitovi,
$67.41, Matara, $83.81. Average prices for
both male and female dyed skins combined at
the fall 1964 auction were (average for spring
1964 auction in parentheses): Black, $84.51
($92.47); Kitovi, $62.49 ($81.66); Matara,
$75.89 ($91.58).
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 15; De-
cember 1963 p. 25.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
\Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations
land Gear Development
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND
ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE,
CHUB, AND YELLOW PERCH IN
LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED:
M/V Kaho ruise ugust-September
1964): To extend knowledge of the seasonal
distribution and abundance of alewife and
chub, in Lake Michigan and their availability
to bottom trawls was the primary purpose of
this 21-day cruise by the U. S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing
and gear research vessel Kaho. Special ef-
forts were also made during the cruise to
locate and determine the availability of yel-
low perch to bottom trawls in southern Lake
Michigan. Other objectives of the cruise
were to: (1) collect length-frequency data on
chub, alewife, and yellow perch; (2) collect
samples of various species of fish for labor-
atory analysis relating to special studies; and
(3) obtain half a ton of chubs for animal nutri-
tion studies at Cornell University. Cruise 21
of the Kaho was divided into several trips dur-
ing August and September, partly for the bene-
fitof observers, and was completed September
29,1964.
The cruise marked the virtual completion
of the southern Lake Michigan part of the
project to study alewife and bloater chub dur-
ing all phases of the year, in respect to abun-
dance and availability. Those explorations,
which required about 25 years to complete,
have (1) verified the existence of a substan-
tial alewife and chub resource which is only
partially used and (2) established the fact
that otter-trawl nets are practical for catch-
ing those species almost continuously through-
out the year for animal food and fish meal
manufacturers. Future operations in the
southern part of Lake Michigan will be con-
cerned with evaluating shallow-water fish
stocks and with further development of more
economical methods to catch such abundant
species as alewife and bloater chubs.
Explorations in Green Bay and northern
Lake Michigan during the cruise provided
information useful for fishermen catching
alewife for reduction intofishmeal. Several
very good catches of alewife were made in
central Green Bay and in Lake Michigan off
the Sturgeon Bay ship canal. The initial year-
round study of those areas is only about half
completed and will be continued during cruises
later this year and throughout 1965.
December 1964
GREEN Bay 3 zs
KEWAUNEE 4
S
2
MANITOWOC Ay ///\ ||
> 160
So. Africa Republic 860 191 411
Other countries 1,660
Total imports ...... 350 3,682
Available fish solubles supply
1/Preliminary.
2/50-percent solids.
3/Includes production of homogenized condensed fish.
National Fisheries Center
and Aquarium
NEW PLANS APPROVED:
Plans under which the National Fisheries
Center and Aquarium is to be built in East
Potomac Park, Washington, D, C., were
completed and approved by Secretary of the
Interior Stewart L. Udall this past fall, and
architects were proceeding with work on
designs and specifications.
The new plans gave consideration to the
redesigning and shortening of a nearby golf
course in East Potomac Park which is used
by golfers practically year-round. The new
arrangement provides a total of 22 acres for
the Fisheries Center and Aquarium, with
construction slated to start early in 1966,
and completion tentatively set for early 1968.
The Center is expected to be the finest of its
type in the world and will constitute a center
for scientific research, as well as a show-
place for aquatic life of all kinds.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
49
AL Bai CENTER
eS.
YAR!
Shows site of National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, Washington, D. C., construction of which will be completed in early 1968.
Legislationby Congress in 1962 authorized
$10 million for construction of the facility
but with the proviso that it be self-supporting,
and requiring the repayment of construction
and operational costs. This will be done by
charging a visitor's admission fee to all ex-
cept supervised youth groups. Visitors to
the Fisheries Center and Aquarium are ex-
pected to number more than 3 million annu-
ally.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 21;
May 1964 p. 26; April 1964 p,. 22,
North Atlantic
FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES
OFF COAST, OCTOBER 1964:
In order to observe foreign fishing activi-
ties in the North Atlantic, the staff of the
Fisheries Resource Management Office, U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gloucester,
Mass., has been conducting weekly reconnais -
sance flights cooperatively with the U.S.
Coast Guard.
During October 1964, a total of 47 Soviet
fishing vessels was observed on Georges
Bank in the North Atlantic. They were iden-
tified by type vessel as: 35 factory stern
trawlers (BMRT, RRT, RMT); 9 fish trans-
ports; 3 fuel and water tankers. One Polish
B-15 factory stern trawler was seen several
times fishing with the Soviet fleet. Soviet
50
medium class sidetrawlers (SRT, SRT-R) left
Georges Bank early inOctober. Their early
departure may have been due to bad weather, as
wellas alackoffish. A year earlier inOcto-
ber, 26 Soviet mediumtrawlers were stillfish-
ing on Georges Bank.
A typical stern trawler that fishes on Georges Bank, Entire cod-
end with a catch of herring starts up the stern ramp.
A steady decline in herring catches by the
Soviet trawlers was very noticeable during
October. As the month progressed, it was ob-
served that fewer trawlers had deckloads of
herring, nor were the fish meal plants aboard
the factoryships in constant operation.
By the end of October, the Soviet fishing
fleet was spread out over Georges Bank, with
groups of 3 or 4 vessels to as many as 25 to
30 fishing together. Withfew exceptions, all
of the Soviet vessels observed during October
were from the Port of Murmansk on Barents
Sea. (Gloucester, Mass., November 9, 1964.)
ob
North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
EXPERIMENTS ON OF F-BOTTOM
TRAWLING AS AGAINST
CONVENTIONAL TRAWLING:
M/V “Delaware” Cruise 64-8 (September
17-22, 1964): To effect the adjustments re-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
quired for satisfactory performance and the
experimental fishing of (1) a number 41 ma-
nila ottor-trawl, and (2) a nylon midwater
trawl in an "off-the-bottom" manner was the
purpose of this cruise, mostly in Ipswich Bay,
by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. Both
nets were rigged to fish with the footrope be-
tween 1 and 3 fathoms above the bottom when
‘towed behind regular bottom-type trawl doors.
‘After being rigged to satisfactorily fish in that
imanner, the nets weretobe set on concentra-
tions of ocean perch(redfish) or other ground-
fish (such as cod and haddock) when they were
found to occur a few fathoms off the bottom.
Fish traces were observedon a white-line
echo-sounder and scope. Bymeans ofahead-
rope-mounted transducer anda conductor ca-
ble to the ship (third wire), the distance the
headrope was above the bottom and also the
net opening were either recorded on an echo-
Sounder paper or were measured on the fish-
scope tube.
The first three days of the cruise were
spent in Ipswich Bay experimenting with vari-
ous numbers of floats, weights, andlengths of
ground cables needed to float the net at the
desired height above the bottom. The number
41 net was originally fitted with three 15-foot
sections of rollers, 8-inch aluminum floats,
(35 of them), 5-fathom legs, and 10-fathom
ground cables. By lengthening the ground ca-
bles to 20 fathoms and adding 14 floats to the
wings and bosom, the net fished about one
fathom off the bottom and kept the same ver-
tical distance between headrope and footrope
(9 feet). Later, the rigging of the net was
modified by removing the roller sections and
replacing them with a chain footrope. A 3-
fathom dropper line of one-half inch chain
was hung from each lower wing end and the
number of floats was increased to 71 (in-
cluding 3 along each gore in the belly sec-
tion). The trawl thenfished 15 fathoms above
the bottom. With that eee the net
fished at a fairly constant height; as the net
tended to lift or settle additional or decreased
weight (or downpull) was exerted by the drop-
per chain as the length of chain supported by
the bottom changed.
A "Herman Engel" nylon midwater trawl
was fished with the 4 x 8-foot bottom doors
using 20-fathom ground cables and 35-fathom
legs. The addition ofa 15 fathom third leg, ex-
tending from the gore at theiwing end of the net
to a shackle on the bottom leg and 15 fathoms
December 1964
from the net, allowed the vertical opening of
the net to increase from 18 to 36 feet. With
8-inch floats (76 of them) on the headrope,
this net fished with the footrope 1 to 2 fath-
oms above the bottom and reached a headrope
height of 7 fathoms.
Because of the threat of hurricane Gladys,
the full objectives of the cruise were notful-
filled. No concentrations of food fish were seen
on the echo-sounder andno Significant catches
of either ocean perch (redfish) or groundfish
were made. But the mid./ater trawl caught
about 7,000 pounds of dogfish in Ipswich Bay
during the preliminary trials. The tracing
of that school (on the sounder) was from near
the bottom to 4 fathoms above the bottom and
was extremely dense.
Gear rigged ina similar manner may
prove to be effective in harvesting schools of
fish which are above the reach of trawls
rigged to fish on the bottom in the conven-
tional manner, The changeover can be done
quite rapidly and with little expense. Interim
use of this method as an alternate to conven-
tional trawling would be compatible with nor-
mal fishing routine. Further experiments
are to be carried out on subsequent cruises.
North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations
SEA SCALLOP POPULATION SURVEY
ON GEORGES BANK CONTINUED:
M/V batross IV ruise 64-12 (Octo-
ber 7-15, 1964): To collect data on the dis-
tribution and abundance of sea scallops at
the major scallop grounds on Georges Bank
and to obtain sediment samples from the
ocean floor were the objectives of this cruise
by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
research vessel Albatross Iv.
During the cruise a total of 152 tows was
made at 144 stations using a 10-foot standard
scallop dredge with a 2-inch ring bag. Some
26 bottom samples were collected at 8 desig-
nated stations and 6 tows at 4 stations were
made with the beam trawl, 2 of which were
made with a camera mounted on the beam
trawl frame.
About 150 live red hake taken on the cruise
were returned to the Bureau's Woods Hole
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
51
Biological Laboratory for studies on their
sensory apparatus and 50 live sea scallops
were brought back to the laboratory for spawn-
ing studies. Sex ratios of scallops were taken
at 17 stations during the cruise.
Hydographic information was collected
from 170 bathythermograph casts made at
each station at hourly intervals while under
way.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 34;
August 1963 p, 41.
North Pacific Fisheries Explorations
and Gear Development
ALBACORE TUNA ABUNDANCE AND
DISTRIBUTION SURVEY:
M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 66 (July 13-
31, 1964): To obtain information on the abun-
dance and distribution of albacore tuna (Thun-
nus alalunga) and other pelagic fish species
was the principal objective of this cruise by
the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb.
VANCOUVER 127\'y,
i
CwasHiINGToN
Shows trackline during Cruise 66 of the exploratory fishing vessel
John N. Cobb, July 13-31, 1964.
52
The area of operations during the three-
week cruise was off the Washington, Oregon,
and California coasts extending from about
20 miles off the coast to 250 miles offshore
(longitude 130° 00! W.) between latitude 47°
50! N. and 41° 07' N. Basic oceanographic
data were collected along the trackline by
staff members from the Bureau's Biological
Laboratory, San Diego, Calif. The trackline
covered a distance of about 1,300 miles.
The cruise was interrupted by several un-
scheduled port calls, a stop at Coos Bay for
repairs to the vessel's steering system, and
also curtailed sea operations for several
days because of bad weather.
A total of 16 stations were occupied for
the collection of oceanographic data which
included salinity, oxygen, and chlorophy! de-
terminations. Between stations, 32 bathy-
thermograph (BT) casts and surface water
temperature readings were taken. A contin-
uous watch was maintained during daylight
hours for schools of tuna, other pelagic fish,
bird flocks, mammals, and other aquatic life.
Trolling, using 7 lines towed at a speed of
about 7 knots, was generally conducted during
daylight hours. A red-and-white feathered jig
was the most common lure used. Those were
supplemented on occasionby green-and-white
or yellow -and-white feathered jigs or by light
or dark colored bone-type jigs. Strikes and
catches of albacore tuna were distributed
about equally betweenthe 7 lines. Most of the
tuna were caught onthe southernmost exten-
sion of the trackline.
A total of 74 albacore tuna was caught, of
which 24 viable fish were tagged and released.
Blood samples were immediately taken from
the other tuna, and the carcasses frozen for
future biologicalstudies. Lengths of the alba-
core varied from 55 to 79 centimeters (21.7
to 31.1 inches) with about 66 percent ranging
between 61 to 65 centimeters (24.0 to 25.6
inches). Samples ranged from 7.5 to 22.5
pounds with 70 percent between 10.5 and 13
pounds.
Night-light stations were fished using both
monofilament nylon gillnets with mesh sizes
ranging from 1" to 13'' and of lengths 3 to 7
fathoms long, and small-mesh dip nets. No
concentrations or schools of fish were ob-
served at those stations. Best catches for
each effort varied from 2 or 3 individuals for
lanternfish (Myctophidae), sablefish (Anop-
lopoma fimbria), anchovy (Engraulis mordax),
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
and stickleback (Gasterosteidae), and up to
20 to 25 for saury (Cololabis saira), and squid
(Loligo opalescens).
The John N. Cobb was scheduled to leave
Seattle, October 19 for five weeks of explora-
tory midwater trawling in Puget Sound and
along the Washington coast. That work was
to be carried out in cooperation with the Wash-
ington State Department of Fisheries.
Objectives of the cruise were to: (1) in-
vestigate the distribution and abundance of
hake, (2) evaluate the incidental catches of
other pelagic fishes taken with the midwater
trawl, and (3) cooperate in evaluating the fish-
ing effectiveness of a midwater net by two-
boat trawling.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 32.
2 ok 2 ok Ok
HAKE DISTRIBUTION AND
ABUNDANCE EXPLORED:
M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 67 (August 10-
October 9, 1964): To explore the depth (bathy-
metric) and geographic distribution of the hake
resources off the Washington and Oregon
coasts was the primary objective of this 8-
week cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N.
Cobb. Secondary objectives were to attempt
to assess the amount of the hake resources
and to collect pertinent data on the environ-
mental factors influencing distribution and
abundance patterns.
Sounding transects were run in an onshore-
offshore direction at oblique angles to the
coast at depths from 20 to 130 fathoms. When
hake concentrations were located, the availa-
bility was measured with the 400-mesh east-
ern otter trawl or the ''Cobb'' pelagic (mid-
water) trawl.
Length-frequency and sex-ratio data were
collected from most of the successful drags
and a cursory examination was made for stom-
ach contents. Surface-to-bottom and fishing
gear depth-water temperatures were taken
during the cruise.
Large concentrations of hake were found
from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Wash., tothe
Umpqua River, Ore. The largest catch, which
was made with the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl off
Mukkaw Bay, Wash., in 53 to 55 fathoms,
yielded 60,000 pounds of hake per one-half hour’
fished or an hourly rate of 120,000 pounds.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
53
VANCOUVER *-
PACIFIC OCEAN”
Legend:
= 1 one ‘
x - pee eS “oe X,900)
@ - “Cobb” pelagic- % :
trawl drag. : =
(22,000)® * (3,700)
Figure 1
1 .
; 25
* fms.
1
|
\
1
\
)
X(3,2 00)
Begs
Legend: ; @119,000)
x = eairay E u "
"Cobb" : (13,400)
@ - _ pelagic-
trawl drag.
@ (17,800)
trawl drag.
B
PACIFIC OCEAN
- / :
ral @27300) )
(14600) (20,000)
ey
\
@(6,000)
Legend:
Cobb" pelagic-
2 trawl drag.
Figure 4
John N. Cobb Cruise 67 (August 10-October 9, 1964); hourly catch rates and locations of otter-trawland "Cobb" pelagic-trawl drags which
yielded: Fig. 1 -over 1,000 and5, 000 pounds perhour fished, respectively; and figs. 2, 3and 4 over5, 000 pounds per hour fished.
54
Ten of the remaining 21 pelagic drags ac-
counted for hake catches at rates from 6,000
to 28,000 pounds per hour fished, while 9 of
the 14 otter-trawl drags yielded hake at
rates from 1,200 to 10,700 pounds per hour
fished.
Hake samples taken on this cruise were
delivered to two reduction plants for reduc-
tion tests.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 30;
June 1964 p. 21.
KKK OK
MULTIPURPOSE PELAGIC
TRAWL TESTED:
M/V "St. Michael” Cruise 3 (August 17-
September 11, 1964): To evaluate and modify,
as necessary for greatest efficiency, a newly
designed multipurpose pelagic trawl (having
long wings in a configuration Similar toa
lampara seine) was the primary objective of
this 4-week cruise by the exploratory fish-
ing vessel St. Michael, chartered by the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
Initially, the trawl had a total headrope
length of 99 fathoms and was held open by 92
aluminum trawl floats measuring 8 inches
each. Designed depth of the wings was 30
feet. The footrope consisted of 40 fathoms
3-inch galvanized chain hung to the bottom
of each wing from the tip aft, where it was
joined to a z-inch braided nylon center sec-
tion rope. The body of the net is similar to
the after portion of the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl.
Both aluminum hydrofoil doors and conven-
tional bottom doors were tested with the net.
Scuba divers evaluated the net design by
means of underwater observations and
measurements. Net spread at wing tips was
determined to be about 84 feet as a pelagic
trawl with hydrofoil doors. Use of bottom
doors in contact with the sea bed extended
the opening to 108 feet.
The necessary modifications to the multi-
purpose trawl used included: (1) replacing
all footrope chain with manila-wrapped 3-
inch cable; (2) braided nylon headrope was
changed to manila-wrapped 2-inch cable; (3)
installation of 10-fathom dandylines between
the doors and wing tips; and (4) web in the
wings was rehung to 30 percent hang-in.
Divers made observations on various fish
species which entered into the influence of
the net. Evidence of fish swimming out of
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
the net was noted. On four separate occasions
individual fish including dogfish (Squalus acan-
thias), black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria), and
silver salmon (Oncorhynchus ‘kisutch) were
observed in the codend but had escaped be-
fore the net was retrieved.
After the modifications were completed,
the net had a 16-foot maximum vertical wing
opening and throat opening of 18 feet. When
bottom doors are used the footrope at the
wing tips remains about 6 feet off bottom and
15 feet off bottom at the net throat, permitting
the net to be used over rough bottom for near-
bottom fish species.
Although further studies of this net will be
necessary, sufficient geometric configuration
was attained to warrant fishing trials.
The chartered commercial fishing vessel
St. Michael left Seattle September 21, 1964,
on its next cruise for four weeks, to test the
effectiveness of a newly-designed trawl on
concentrations of hake and Pacific ocean
perch in offshore waters of British Columbia,
Washington, and Oregon. The trawl was to be
fished near bottom, using aluminum hydrofoil
doors or conventional bottom doors. Com-
parative hauls will be made with a ''Cobb"
pelagic trawl with aluminum hydrofoil doors.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p, 47.
EE PEN
DPA
Oceanography
GIANT "ECHO-SOUNDER" MAPS
SEABED AND ITS UNDERLYING
STRUCTURE IN CARIBBEAN SEA:
A study of the seabed and its underlying
rock structure was made during a 5,500-mile,
43-day Caribbean cruise (completed in early
October 1964) by the research vessel Pills -
bury of the Institute of Marine Science, Uni-
versity of Miami.
A powerful new oceanographic tool resem-
bling a giant echo-sounder was tested for the
first time during the cruise. Weighing 6 tons
and measuring 8 by 8 by 12 feet, the new de-
vice is called a seismic profiler. Its func-
tion is not only to produce a highly accurate
topographical picture of the seabed, but also
to reveal the layers of rock far below and
what they are made of.
December 1964
The seismic profiler was used while the
Pillsbury was under way at about 3 knots.
Electrodes set about 2 feet apart were towed
behind the vessel, and a powerful electrical
current (20,000 volts) was discharged every
4 seconds into the water between the elec-
trodes. That produced a series of loud re-
ports which were reflected from the seabed.
(When operated at night, the arc of electri-
cal energy between the two electrodes made
a flash which lit up an area of ocean a mile
in diameter.) Since sound waves travel
through different substances at different
speeds, a great deal was learned about the
geological structure of the ocean basin from
the various echoes recorded by sensitive
microphones aboard the vessel.
The seismic profiler was used extensively
during the cruise, sometimes for as long as
30 continuous hours. It was reported to have
performed perfectly.
Studies of the seabed and of the rock struc-
tures below it are part of a long-range inves -
tigation by the Institute of Marine Science of
the ocean basin, its sediments, and its geolo-
gical structure.
Along with the seismic reflection studies,
bottom samples of the rocks and sediments
were obtained by grabs and by dredging and
coring. Deep plankton tows were made, and
specimens of living foraminifera (planktonic
one-celled animals whose skeletons form
much of the deep-sea bottom sediments) were
taken from depths greater than 2 miles below
the surface. Thousands of photographs, in
both color and black-and-white, were made
of the seabed with special cameras lowered
on cables.
* KK KK
RESEARCH VESSEL "YAQUINA"
COMMISSIONED BY
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY:
The newly converted oceanographic re-
search vessel Yaquina began operations off
the Oregon coast after being commissioned
September 28, 1964, by Oregon State Uni-
versity. The 180-foot Yaquina has replaced
the much smaller 80-foot Acona (which has
been assigned to the University of Alaska) of
the Department of Oceanography. The larger
vessel will permit more student participation
in oceanographic research; it will allow bio-
logists to use larger nets, trawls, and dredg-
es to greater depths; and it will expand
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
55
Oregon State University programs in physi-
cal, chemical, geological, and geophysical
oceanography.
The Yaquina was built in New Orleans, in
1944, as the FS-210, asistership to the Trident
and the Agassiz (U.S. Army Air Corps over-
haul and maintenance vessel). At the end of
World War II it was used as a reserve officer
training vessel at the University of Washington
for several years. It was assigned to Oregon
State University by the U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare and the U.S.
Army Transportation Corps.
A grant of $770,000 was received from the
Oceanography Program of the National Science
Foundationto convert the vesselinto amodern
oceanographic research vessel. The conver-
sion was done in a shipyardin Portland, Oreg.
Funds to operate the vessel are being furnished
by the National Science Foundation andthe Geo-
physics Branch of the Office of Naval Research.
Statistics on the Yaguina are: length--180
feet; tonnage--gross 800, displacement 666;
speed--11 knots; and range--6,500 miles, 35
days. Six scientific laboratories are located
on the main deck of the vessel, and one hold
has been reserved for future expansion of sci-
entific laboratory space. Accommodations
are provided on board for a complement of
40 which will include scientists and a 15- or
20-man operating crew.
Ah. R
Sehii **
ee eit
“ OREGOM
"STATE UNIVERSITY
Research vessel Yaquina outfitted for oceanographic investigations.
All winches on the vessel are electric.
The hydrographic winch holds 30,000 feet of
je ~inch wire rope; the dredging and coring
winch holds 30,000 feet of 3-inch wire; and
the trawling winch holds 20,000 feet of inch
wire. The Yaquina is equipped witharetract-
able bow thruster powered by a 200-horse-
power Diesel engine. Navy-licensed stabili-
zing tanks have been installed in the number
56
two hold. Deck equipment includes a crane
on the stern, a hydraulic A-frame mounted
across the stern, and ahydraulic tripod boom
on the main deck. The electronic equip-
ment carried includes 2 loran sets, 2 marine
radios, 2 radar sets, a depth finder, and
other navigating aids.
The vessel carries four 20-man inflatable
life rafts and a workboat. Although the 22-
foot gasoline-powered workboat is designed
to operate in rough water, it will make up to
30 miles per hour under good conditions. It
is launched with high-speed hydraulic-powered
davits. <
Oregon
SILVER SALMON TRANSPLANTS
MAY HELP REBUILD
SANDY RIVER RUNS:
Over 1,600 adult silver salmon have been
transplanted in the Sandy River. Surplus
hatchery salmon from the lower part of the
Sandy River were transferred to upstream
tributaries which contain only remnants of
their once great salmon runs. The possi-
bility of rebuilding those runs has been en-
hanced by improved fish passage conditions
over Marmot Dam. It is hoped that the intro-
duction of adult silver salmon of Sandy River
stock will help restore the potential of the
Upper Sandy River without the cost of arti-
ficial rearing. The transplanted silver salm-
on were obtained from surplus stocks held
by the Oregon Fish Commission's Sandy Riv-
er Hatchery which is located on the lower
part of the river near Sandy, Oreg. The ad-
vantage of using silver salmon native to the
Sandy River for the transplant is that nature
has probably already provided the adaptations
necessary for the water and temperature
conditions in the system.
The silver salmon transplant is another
step in the Oregon Fish Commission's pro-
gram to enhance potential fish production by
building fish ladders over barriers, clearing
log jams, and transplanting fish from areas
of surplus to areas of underproduction. Salm-
on will, with very little variation, return to
their home stream to spawn, generally avoid-
ing nearby tributaries even though they may
offer excellent spawning conditions. The
pattern of a salmon run can be altered by
transplanting adult spawners. The resulting
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
young are reared in anew environment and in-
herit the inclination to return to their own
rearing water even though it is foreign to their
parents. Therefore, salmon transplants seem
to offer an inexpensive way to increase salm-
on production, provided natural conditions are
favorable. (Oregon Fish Commission, Sep-
tember 29, 1964.)
Pesticides
RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIELD
SURVEILLANCE ON EFFECTS
ON FISH AND WILDLIFE:
~ Responsibility for field surveillance of
pesticide operations to observe possible ef-
fects on fish and wildlife has been assigned
to the Division of Fishery Management Serv-
ices, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife,
U.S. Department of the Interior. The program
got under way in September 1964, following
the delegation of such responsibility to that
Bureau by the Secretary of the Interior. An
office established by the Bureau at Fort
Collins, Colo., to cover its southwest region
is headed by a former official of the U.S.
Public Health Service whose broad experience
in this field of work will enable him to prepare
statements of procedure and to assist in
training other field employees in pesticide
operations.
One of the first field projects in the south-
west region was the spraying of lands and
waters of the Yuma Proving Ground by the
U.S. Air Force to control mosquitoes. The
chemical or pesticide used at that time was
reported as having no apparent effect onfish
and wildlife.
The Bureau's Branch of Fishery Manage-
ment Services also appointed a ''surveillance
manager'' to cover its Pacific region (Alaska,
Hawaii, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon,
California, Nevada). Observations will be
made and data collected at all major pesticide
projects that may have an effect on the fish
and wildlife resources in those states.
In its southeast region, the Bureau will
participate with the U.S. Corps of Army En-
gineers in its program for control of aquatic
plants such as water hyacinth and alligator
weed.
December 1964
Radiation Preservation
FISHERY PRODUCTS IRRADIATOR AT
GLOUCESTER (MASS.) DEDICATED:
The Marine Products Development Irradi-
ator dedicated on September 28, 1964, at
Gloucester, Mass., is a part of the Atomic
Energy Commission (AEC) program for ra-
diation-pasteurization of food. The facility
containing the irradiator is located next to
the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Technological Laboratory, Emerson Avenue,
Gloucester, Mass. The fishery products
irradiator is to be operated by the U.S, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, under an
agreement with the AEC, to investigate the
pasteurization of fishery products.
Fig. 1 = Outside view of Marine Products Development Irradiator
at Gloucester, Mass,
The Marine Products Development Irradi-
ator is a semiproduction facility with the
capability of processing about 1,000 pounds
of marine products at a typical pasteurization
dose of 500,000 rads. (A rad is a standard
unit of measurement of absorbed radiation
and may be interpreted, for popular purposes,
as "radiation absorbed dose."')
The cobalt-60 source employed within the
shielded facility is of approximately 250,000
curies. (A curie is a standard unit of meas-
urement used to describe the intensity of
radioactivity in a given amount of radio-
active material. One curie equals the radio-
activity associated with one gram of radium.)
The Marine Products Development Irradi-
ator building is a rectangular one-story build-
ing. It is divided into a general area and an
irradiation cell.
The general area of 2,500 square feet in-
cludes the lobby, office, laboratory space for
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
57
health physics and dosimetry, cold-storage
room, filleting area, and conveyor loading
area.
The irradiation cell has a gross area of
1,250 square feet. It has concrete walls more
than 5 feet thick and a 4-foot-thick ceiling
which has a removable plug for lowering the
7-ton lead shipping casks containing the radio-
cobalt into the storage well. Operations with-
in the irradiation cell are controlled and
viewed remotely with the aid of television and
electrical controls.
Loading Dock
S0'-4"
Fig. 2 = Floor plan of Marine Products Development Irradiator,
Source operation: The radiation source
is raised by an elevator and is placed ina
horizontal position inside an aluminum
shroud between the tracks of the conveyor.
It is cooled by a stream of air flowing through
the shroud. The source plaque is approxi-
mately 1 foot by 4 feet and is made up of 6
subunits. When not in use, the source is
stored in 15 feet of water ina stainless steel
well within the irradiation chamber.
Safe operation: There are a number of
safety interlocks in the irradiation cell to
prevent accidental exposure of personnel to
radiation from the cobalt-60 source. A num-
ber of strategically placed openings in the
walls and roof can be used to introduce long-
handled tools in the event of elevator malfunc-
tion. As another safety feature, the irradia-
tion cell is kept at a lower pressure than the
rest of the building. Air is drawn from the
building into the cell and then is exhausted
through a filter stack.
The pasteurization process
Processing:
can be introduced with little disturbance to
commercial fish distribution procedures.
58
After the fish have been filleted and packed,
the packages are sent through the irradiation
cell. Fillets of finned fish are handled in
rectangular tins holding 30 pounds of product.
Shellfish, such as clams, will be packed in
commercial No. 10 cans.
In the normal operation of the Marine Pro-
duction Development Irradiator, the seafood
packages will be brought into the building
and placed on movable racks in the cold-
storage room. The room has a capacity for
1.5 day's supply of incoming irradiated sea-
food and end product, based on a one-shift
operation. As an alternate procedure, the
filleting can be done inside the building (see
general area).
A high-speed mechanical conveyor car-
ries the product into the irradiation cell
through a transfer tunnel. Inside the cell,
the packages are transferred to a slow-
moving conveyor which carries them past the
radiation source. Each package makes a
round trip under and over the cobalt-60 gamma
ray source. It then comes out of the cell, is
shifted by the operator to the other side, then
goes back into the cell for a second trip.
Total processing time is about one hour. The
product normally receives 250,000 rads ata
production rate of 2,000 pounds per hour.
The dose can be reduced to 150,000 rads or
_less if desired, by increasing the production
speed or by removing one or more of the 6
subsections into which the source is divided.
The AEC radiation-pasteurization pro-
gram, of which the Marine Products Develop-
ment Irradiator operation is a part, aims to
develop the technology for demonstrating the
practical feasibility of using relatively low
doses of radiation to extend the shelf-life of
selected perishable foods. Present emphasis
is on fish and fruit products. In general,
those will still require refrigeration, but the
shipping and storage life of fish may be ex-
tended severalfold, while a significant reduc-
tion in fruit losses during transportation and
marketing can be achieved. Extension of
this technology to final commercial applica -
tions would be carried out by private industry.
Wholesomeness and public health safety:
Studies are being carried out to determine
the wholesomeness, nutritional adequacy,
and safety of low-dose irradiated foods which
are of interest to the AEC program. The
ultimate objective is to evaluate any possible
public health questions which might arise
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
from prolonging refrigerated storage life by
application of low doses of radiation.
See Se AON
yo Cee,
Fig. 3 = When the cobalt-60 source is not in use, it is lowered in=
to a 16=foot stainless steel well containing a pool of water 15
feet deep. The elevator controlling the radioactive source
Operates not unlike an overhead garage door. The radioecobalt
plaque is in a horizontal position between the upper and lower
tracks of the seafood conveyor.
The findings of these studies will-be coor-
dinated with results obtained in the Army
Material Command's program on radiation-
sterilization of food. These data are to be
submitted in the form of petition requests to
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for approval of low-dose irradiated foods for
unlimited human consumption. Petitions for
clearance of several types of lean fish--had-
dock, halibut, flounder, sole, cod, oceanperch,
and pollock--are also to be submitted to FDA
within 3 or 4 months.
FDA clearance of irradiated products re-
presents only the removal of legal restrictions.
Consumer acceptance and the development of
radiation facilities are two key factors which
require, andare receiving, increased attention.
Food irradiation will begin to achieve some sig-
nificant commercialapplication inthe next few
years, judging by current estimates. (United
States Atomic Energy Commission, Washing-
ton, D.C., September 28, 1964.)
lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 35;
September 1964 p. 33.
=—_S> =P pap =>
December 1964
Salmon
COOPERATIVE UNITED STATES-
CANADIAN TAGGING PROGRAM:
A salmon tagging program launched by the
Washington State Department of Fisheries is
expected to yield information of value to Can-
ada's Department of Fisheries. The program
involves coho, chinook, and chum salmon in
the vicinity of West Beach, Whidbey Island,
and throughout the San Juan Islands area.
Large numbers of the ''Petersen" tags
used in this program are expected to be re-
covered in Canadian waters by Canadian fish-
ermen. The Washington State Department of
Fisheries has requested the help and cooper-
ation of Canadian fishermen who might find
the tags. The project has the support of the
Department of Fisheries of Canada.
The recovered tags may be returned to
Fishery Officers on the lower mainland at
Vancouver Island points, or direct tothe head-
quarters of the Canadian Department of Fish-
eries at 1155 Robson Street, Vancouver, B.C.
Tags collected will be turned over to the Wash-
ington State Department of Fisheries. Persons
returning a tag will receive a reward of 50
cents plus an additional 50 cents if informa-
tion as to the time and place of the catch, the
species, and other pertinent data are provided.
Sharks
SOUND WAVES OF LOW FREQUENCY
MAY GUIDE SHARKS TO FOOD:
A new study indicates that sharks can use
underwater sound waves to "home'’ in ona
suspected food source--possibly including
human beings--with remarkable speed and
accuracy. That follows an earlier discovery
that a struggling fish or a threshing swimmer
may generate a ''dinner bell'’ sound wave for
cruising sharks. Those findings resulted
from a continuing study of hearing and re-
lated senses in fish being conducted bya scien-
tist at the Institute of Marine Science, Uni-
versity of Miami.
The study, which is supported by the Na-
tional Science Foundation and the Office of
Naval Research, could serve as a basis for
understanding the amazing ability of fish to
orient themselves in an environment that, to
most humans, seems without landmarks.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
59
The sharks tested could detect and locate
the source of low-frequency sound waves
when cruising over 200 yards from the sound
source--far beyond visual range and with no
blood in the water for sharks to smell.
Discussing sharks, the scientist in charge
of the study said, "like any predatory animal,
he preys most upon victims he finds easiest
to catch. The easiest of these, other than a
dead animal, is a cripple struggling or dying
in the water. Our early experiments showed
that (1) struggling fish create underwater
sound waves of low frequency and these waves
are transmitted in bursts as the fish strug-
gles; (2) the frequency of these sound waves is
easily within the hearing range of sharks; and
(3) sharks rapidly appear near the source of
such pulsed low-frequency sound waves, but
do not appear when a low-frequency contin-
uous wave or a high-frequency pulsed wave
is transmitted."
During the experiments, sharks up to 14
feet long of all the commonly known kinds
were repeatedly attracted by broadcasting
underwater taped signals of pulsed low-fre-
quency sounds. Predators such as barracuda,
jacks, and grouper also appeared regularly.
As a result of his experiments, the Univer-
Sity of Miami scientist believes sharks use
the lower part of their hearing range, from
about 7 to 100 cycles per second (c.p.s.), for
hunting food. It was sound in that frequency
range that was broadcast to sharks in experi-
ments in the summer of 1964. It is believed
that sharks can hear up to about 400 c.p.s.
(The range of human hearing is between
about 50 c.p.s. and 20,000 c.p.s.)
"At the outset we were not sure, however,
whether sharks could swim directly to the
source of the sound or whether they con-
ducted some sort of random or organized
hunting pattern that eventually brought them
to the right place. The speed with which they
appeared seemed to rule both methods out.
But it was still a possibility.
"Also, sound transmitted underwater pro-
duces near the source an area of sound tur-
bulence often called the 'near field effect.'
Physicists have generally believed that fish
could only localize a sound if they were
Swimming inside the turbulent sound area,"
the director of the shark study said.
Using a light plane to find and track sharks,
and a surface vessel to transmit the "dinner
call" sound wave, University of Miami inves-
60
tigators found that sharks were very efficient
at locating the source of the sound, even when
beyond the near-field effect. The sharks
swam rapidlyand directly tothe sound source,
usually staying fairly deep. When they arrived
at the vessel, they stopped suddenly, 1 or 2
boat lengths away, and then swam off.
About 20 shark-tracking missions were
flown during the study in the summer of 1964.
How sharks can pinpoint the location of a
sound source is still not certain. In humans,
part of the ability to locate particular sounds
is due to the fact that the ears are set far
apart. They are external and have external
openings. One ear hears a sound slightly be-
fore the other one, the mind performs asub-
conscious problem in triangulation, other in-
formation is considered, and the answer is
presented.
That process may not work in the case of
sharks. The ears of a shark are set inside
its cranium and are very close together.
That fact, coupled with the high speed of
sound waves traveling through water (1 mile
per second or 5 times faster than sound in
air), suggests that sharks receive all sounds
in their ears almost simultaneously. A loca-
tion solution through triangulation is unlikely.
According to the University of Miami sci-
entist, it seems more probable that sharks
are locating the source of a soundthrough a
group of sensitive cells along their sides.
That group of cells, called the "lateral line,"
has been a controversial subject among fish
experts for a number of years. It is possible
that their function, never certain, is connect-
ed with sound reception and orientation.
Laboratory experiments testing that theory
are planned. (University of Miami, September
16, 1964.)
Shrimp
SEABED DRIFTERS RELEASED IN
PINK SHRIMP MIGRATION STUDY
OFF FLORIDA:
Florida fishermen may be finding bright
yellow seabed drifters in their pink shrimp
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
catch. The return of those seabed drifters
with details on the time and place of capture
| may help explain one of the mysteries of the
sea--how baby pink shrimp move from off-
shore spawning grounds to inshore nursery
waters. Millions of pink shrimp spawn each
year near the famous Dry Tortugas shrimp
grounds off Florida. The baby pink shrimp
presumably find their way by some myster-
ious means to a vast nursery ground in the
Florida Everglades. But how the tiny shrimp
reach the nursery, traveling against winds
and currents, is a baffling problem.
The planktonic shrimp larvae are capable
of only limited independent movement, so
they are at the mercy of tides and currents.
Do unknown bottom currents exist that sweep
the shrimp larvae into the Everglades nurs-
ery? In an attempt to answer that question,
the Institute of Marine Science, University
of Miami, in cooperation with the U.S. Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries released 240
seabed drifters during the first week of
October 1964 in Florida Bay and in the Gulf
of Mexico, north of the Tortugas grounds.
The seabed drifters, which are yellow um-
brella-shaped objects standing about 15 in-
inches high, bounce along the bottom after
being released, following deep-running cur-
rents. It is expected that many of the drifters
will be caught in the nets of shrimp trawlers,
while others may be snagged and pulled in by
fishermen, or washed ashore.
Investigators need accurate information
on the location of the area in which each
drifter is found, together with the date of
its capture. Such information will aid ma-
terially in determining the role of currents
in the migrations of pink shrimp larvae.
A reward of 50 cents will be paid for
each seabed drifter label returned. The re-
ward will be paid by a U.S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries agent at any port of land-
ing. Labels may also be mailed to the Insti-
tute of Marine Science, University of Miami,
Miami, Fla. 33149; or to the Galveston Bio-
logical Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries, Fort Crockett, Galveston,
Tex. Fishermen mailing such labels are
urged to include details on the time and
place of capture.
OK OK OK Ok
December 1964
UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY
INDICATORS, OCTOBER 1964:
Item and Period 1964] 1963 | 1962 | 1961 | 1960 |
December
November
January-August 68,721| 75,444| 56,781| 52,474| 78,961
January-December| - [138,254/105,839] 91,395|141,035|
December
November
October
September
December 31
November 30
October 31
September 30
August 31
July 31
June 30
Imports 3/:
December
November
October
September
t
Augus
82,330| 81,487] 72,065] 63,803| 58,684
January-December = 151,530]141,103 /126, 268 |113,418
December
November 52.3 84.5 73.5
October Sg,0 90.0 68.7
September 57.9 90.9 70.1
August 59.0 83.6 66.1
July i 63.5 82.1 55.8
June 77.0 84,4 53.7
May 80.9 83.7 52.8
Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-lb. pkg.), Chicago, [Ll.:
December = 75-82 |101-107; 91-92
November 71-78 | 105-110] 89-92
October 67-75 | 108-115) 83-90
September 73-77 |113-118]| 87-90
75-81 |110-112| 76-91
80-85 | 77-97 - 70-75
80-85 | 95-102|102-104| 67-72
72-83 {100-103} 96-103] 67-69
79-83
78-84
30.3.
2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc,
3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau!
of the Census.
aRanoe aaipeices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville,
ex., only.
Note: October 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information pub-|
lished daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convertshrimp to heads-
on weight multiply by 1.68.
Tennessee
ROUGH FISH REMOVAL PROGRAM,
APRIL-JUNE 1964:
The removal by Tennessee commercial
fishermen of 211,264 pounds of rough fish,
including 54,584 pounds of carp, from eight
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61
Tennessee reservoirs and the Cumberland Riv-
er in April-June 1964, was reported by the
Tennessee Game and Fish Commission. The
largest rough fish harvest during that period
was at Kentucky Lake where 177,740 pounds
of fish were taken, including 54,584 pounds of
carp. Other reservoirs were Watts Bar, Fort
Loudoun, Douglas, Cherokee, Chickamauga,
Hales Bar, and Old Hickory. A take of 9,663
pounds of fish in the Cumberland River was
recorded for the month of June only.
The rough fish removal program in most
states is designed as a sport fish manage-
ment tool for the benefit of the sport fisher-
ies. Theoretically, substantial removal of
rough fish should benefit sport fish produc-
tion in a number of specific ways generally
reflective of decreased competition for food
supplies.
Tuna
AGE-GROWTH STUDIES
OF BLUEFIN TUNA
LANDED IN CALIFORNIA:
~— M/V “West Point™ Tuna-Tagging Cruise
(August 11-28, 1964): This cruise was the ~
third ofa series of annual tuna-tagging cruises
to provide information on the age, growth,
movements, and vital statistics of the Pacific
bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus). The chartered
research vessel West Point was used for this
purpose by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego,
Calif., in cooperation with the California De-
partment of Fish and Game. Fish tagged dur-
ing this cruise were distributed from Ranger
Bank near Cedros Island, Baja California,
Mexico, to the offshore waters of California.
Specific and more detailed objectives of
the cruise included the tagging and release
of bluefin tuna, collection of serological ma-
terials for subpopulation analysis, length-
frequency samples of the individual catches,
scale samples, stomach samples, collection
of bathythermograph (BT) data relating
catch success to thermocline depth and
magnitude, and collateral oceanographic and
meteorological observations.
A total of 782 bluefin tuna were tagged and
released during the cruise. Blood samples
taken from individual bluefin tuna totaled 298
and were shipped to the Bureau's Tuna Sub-
62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
| __ ‘Time of Tagging( of Tagging (PDST) ik a Position No. of Fish
Date Latitude Released
August 13 30°30! N, 116°45' W. 96
August 14 30°25' N. 116°45' W. 137
August 17 30°09! N. 116°28' W. 17
August 20 32°41' N, 117°55' W.
August 24 28°34' N. 115°42' W.
August 274/ 32025! N. 118°12' W.
Total... 6
Bluefin Tuna Tag Release Data, M/V West Point Cruise August 11-28, 1964.
Vol. 26, No. 12
1/Recovered one tag released August 13, 1964.
population Study group at Honolulu, Hawaii,
for serological analyses. Scale samples
were obtained from 248 fish.
“ey, 120°
LEGEND:
S° @ BLUEFIN TAG RELEASE LOCATIONS. 2
120° 115°
Cruise trackof West Point (August 11-28, 1964) shows blue-
fin tuna tag release locations.
Supplementary data obtained on the cruise
included 15 BT casts at or near the time the
purse seine was fished, length-frequency
data from all catches, and daily synoptic ma-
rine meteorological observations at 0000
and 1800 GMT. Other species taken by the
purse seine were: blue shark (Prionace glau-
ca), dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), and sun-
fish (Mola mola).
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 31.
BLUEFIN TUNA TAGGED OFF MEXICO
RECAPTURED NEAR JAPAN:
A bluefin tuna tagged and released 70
miles northeast of Guadalupe Island, Baja
California, was caught 22 months later in the
Sea of Japan. The tag and complete recovery
information was sent to the California De-
partment of Fishand Game by the Japanese
Government.
The fish was tagged and released by a
joint research team of the California Depart-
ment of Fish and Game and U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries on August 15, 1962,
and was recaptured June 18, 1964, ina trap
operated by Japanese fishermen near the
coastal town of Fukaura, Honshu.
In the meantime, the bluefin traveled 4,820
miles and grew from 23 pounds to 53 pounds.
It was tagged as a one-year old fish and was
recovered at the age of three years.
This fish was the first return from Japan
of a group of 960 bluefin tuna tagged by State
and Federal scientists in 1962 near the coast
of southern California and Baja California.
Some 168 tags from that group had been turned
in by California fishermen.
The first proof that bluefin tuna migrate
between California and the Japanese coast
came on April 23, 1963, when a tuna tagged
off California by the Inter-American Tropi-
cal Tuna Commission five years previously
was caught by a Japanese long line fisher-
man. It weighed 35 pounds when tagged and
weighed in at 242 pounds (gutted and gilled)
when recaptured. (Qutdoor California, Sep-
tember 1964.)
Another bluefin tuna, also tagged by biolo-
gists of the California Department of Fish
and Game, was caught on August 17, 1964, by
a Japanese fisherman in waters about 300
miles north of Tokyo. The fish had been
| tagged and released in Mexican offshore wa-
December 1964
ters near Guadalupe Island on August 15, 1962,
and then weighed about 22 pounds. When it
was recovered two years later it weighed 67
pounds and had traveled nearly 10,000 miles.
It was the third United States-tagged bluefin
tuna caught near Japan.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 53.
U. S. Coast Guard
NEW SEARCH AND
RESCUE VESSEL "VIGILANT":
The Vigilant, a new Search and rescue ves -
sel of the U.S. Coast Guard arrived at its
home port of New Bedford, Mass., on October
12, 1964, following a cruise from Houston,
Tex., where it was built and commissioned.
The Vigilant's mission will be search and
rescue off New England. Much of the time,
when not on an actual assistance case, the
vessel will be assigned to the Provincetown
(Mass.) patrol--a search and rescue standby
patrol maintained primarily for the safety of
United States fishing vessels on George's Bank
and for other offshore vessels in that area.
The Vigilant's first search and rescue case
began October 5, 1964, only one day after the
cutter departed Houston for New Bedford. The
Little Creek, a 42-foot fishing vessel with 2 men
onboard, was foundering in 15-foot seas in the
Gulf of Mexico. The Vigilant changed course,
raced to the scene, took the distressed vessel in
tow, and carried it into Tampa, Fla., on Oc-
tober 6.
The Vigilant, newest search and rescue cutter of the U.S. Coast
Guard. The 210-foot vessel has a deck suitable for carrying
amphibious helicopters, although none will be carried on rou-
tine assignments.
The Vigilant is 210 feet long. It is capable
of sustained speed of 18 knots and has. a
cruising radius of 5,000 miles at 15 knots. It
can tow ships of up to 10,000 gross tons. In-
novations on the vessel include a helicopter
deck and rapid-release boat davits which can
put surfboats in the water in 93 seconds. The
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63
surfboats are consturcted of plastic and are
gas-turbine powered.
The Vigilant is the third 210-foot medium-
endurance cutter to be built in the U.S. Coast
Guard's fleet modernization program. The
program has scheduled 38 modern search
and rescue cutters to be built during the
next 10 years. Included in the program will
be 350-foot high-endurance cutters, which
will be the longest cutters ever built by the
Coast Guard. They willbe capable of 29 knots
and will be highly maneuverable.
United States Fisheries
COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS,
JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 1964:
Total Landings: The U. S. catch of fish and shellfish in
1964 (mostly for the first 9 months and in some instances var-
ious periods through October 23) was down about 9 percent as
compared with the same period in 1963, Landings were about
301 million pounds less than in 1963--due chiefly to reduced
landings of menhaden, Maine herring, Atlantic ocean perch,
jack and Pacific mackerel, and shrimp. Landings of industrial
fish were down 193 million pounds and food fish down 108 mil-
lion pounds,
Menhaden: Landings of menhaden to September 30, 1964,
totaled 1,3 billion pounds--202 million pounds less than during
the same period in 1963. The decline occurred principally in
the Middle Atlantic States (down 207 million pounds) and the
Gulf States (down 25 million pounds),
Salmon: On the basis of the reported pack of canned salm-
on, it is estimated that the 1964 catch in Alaska was approxi-
mately 312 million pounds--an increase of 89 million pounds
or 40 percent compared with 1963.
Tuna: Landings in California to October 17, 1964, were
236 million pcunds--down slightly from the 238 million pounds
taken during the same period in 1963. The combined catch of
albacore, bluefin, and skipjack tuna declined about 19 million
pounds, while landings of yellowfin increased by nearly the
Same amount,
Ocean perch: During the first 9 months of 1964, landings
in Massachusetts totaled 26 million pounds (down about 11
million pounds from the previous year); while Maine landings
Modern California tuna purse seiner, the Nautilus. This vessel,
a converted Navy mine layer, is 189 feet long.
64
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain
Species for Periods Shown, 1964 and 1963
Vol. 26, No. 12
mackerel totaled 18 million--a decline of about 9 and 4 mil-
lion pounds, respectively, compared with the same period of
1963.
The catch of Maine herring during the first
8 months of 1964 totaled 36 million pounds--a sharp decline
"CHILMARK SWORD" DELIVERED:
In mid-September 1964, the 83-foot steel
vessel Chilmark Sword was delivered to her
Massachusetts owners by a Rhode Island
shipyard. The $150,000 vessel is said to be
the first vessel specifically designed for the
swordfish long-line fishery. It carries 20
miles of nylon-polypropylene long line. Ac-
cessories for the long line include fifty 10-
foot poles with radar reflectors, and several
At the start of fishing operations, the long
line is slowly fed out the rear of the Chilmark
Sword. At50-foot intervals the line iscrossed
with 10-foot secondary lines to which hooks
are attached. The hooks are usually baited
The long line is left out for several hours.
It is then located with special radar equip-
ment if necessary, and hauled mechanically.
The hauling mechanism pulls aboard the ves-
sel the long line, coiling the rope neatly in
Each swordfish taken on the long line is
gutted at the edge of the vessel and stored
immediately in a plywood-fiberglass hold
Total ; :
Species Period] 1/1964 1963 1963 Maine herring:
5 0. dio ao (1,000 Lbs.)...... from the 108 million pounds in 1963.
Cod: ‘
Maine 8 mos
Mass. 2/ B08 a
(7 a4
Totalcod ......... 33,435 OTe
ia [93,495 U. S. Fishing Vessels
Maine 8 mos 800 1,005 1,216
Mass. g) 68,300 69,315 91,876 NEW SWORDFISH VESSEL
Total flounder ......- |___ 69,100 70,320 93,092
Haddock:
Maine 8 mos, 2,000 1,642 2,878
Mass. 2/ Oe Ge 93,400 88,481} 106,075
Total haddock ...... 95,400 90,123] 108,953
Halibut: 3
Alaska — 9 mos 16,500 21,778 22,372
Wash, & Oreg. (ey %2 8,600 11,050 11,871
Motalehalsibutemeneneeemeneds 32,828 34,243
Herring, Maine 8 mos
Industrial fish
(Me. & Mass.) 4/_|__9 mos. hundred rubber buoys.
Mackerel:
Jack 5/ 9 mos. 67,054 98,078
Pacific 5/ Sivckd 18,300 22,722 36,974
Menhaden ..... 9 mos. | 1,316,100]1,517,674/1,815,801
Qcean perch:
Maine 8 mos, 38,500 46,353 63,905
Mass, ey Ov 25,900 37,231 44,387
Total ocean perch.... 64,400 83,584! 108,292 with mackerel chunks or squid.
Pollock:
Maine 8 mos. 900 1,934 2,489
Mass. 2/ Oiou 6,400 6,450 10,727
ines bebe 7,300 8,384 13,216
Year 311,800] 223,063] 223,063
to Oct. 23 10,500 6,673 7,128
Scallops, sea, New ane ke Aa Arey
Bedford (meats) 9 mos. 10,3 :
Shrimp (heads-on), some 200 galvanized tubs.
So, Atl. & Gulf 9 mos. | 133,800) 148,648) 218,645
285,285
15,889 15,942
53,782 64,571
1/Preliminary.
2/Landed weight.
3/Dressed weight.
4/Excludes menhaden.
5/Cannery receipts.
6/Includes landings for species not listed.
and mollusks reported in meats only.
ote: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell,
for the first 8 months of 1964 were 38 million pounds--a de-
crease of 8 million pounds.
Shrimp:
Landings in the South Atlantic and Gulf States de-
clined to 134 million pounds through September 1964 as com-
pared with 149 million pounds during the same 1963 period.
Mackerel:
Landings of jack mackerel through September
1964 amounted to 58 million pounds, while landings of Pacific
with a capacity of 50 tons.
Before delivery the vessel was taken ona 12-
day trial voyage during which 80 swordfishay-
eraging more than 200 pounds each were caught.
The Chilmark Sword is powered by a 450-
horsepower engine. Itis equipped with an auto-
matic pilot, andalso has controls which allow
the skipper to run the vessel from either side of
the bridge while hauling in the long line.
The owners of the Chilmark Sword have a
Similar vessel, the Chilmark Voyager, under
construction. (Boston Globe, September 22,
1964.)
ws 3K 3k 3k ok
December 1964
DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED
AND CANCELLED:
August 1964: During August 1964, a total of 41 vessels of
5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing
craft, as compared with 62 in August 1963. There were 30
documents cancelled for fishing vessels in August 1964, as
compared with 23 in August 1963.
Table 1 - U. S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued
and Cancelled, by Areas, August 1964 with Comparisons
Issued first documents 2/:
New England = -
Middle Atlantic 1
Chesapeake 2
South Atlantic 5
Gulf 22 3
Pacific 11
Great Lakes -
Hawaii - -
2h Rico
tal | est 62
Removed from documenta-
tion 3/:
New England
Middle Atlantic
Chesapeake
South Atlantic
Gulf
Pacific
Great Lakes
Hawaii
Table 2 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Vessel Length and Area, August 1964 2/
Middle | Chesa-] South [Gulf]Pacific | Tota
Atlantic} peake|Atlantic
(Number) .
VENEER NONE E
PR WR WEE RR ERP RPE RE WWE NWWEE
Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE VIEW 65
Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Tonnage and Area, August 1964 2/
Gross Middle | Chesa-~| South | Gulf | Pacific|Total|
Tonnage Atlantic} peake | Atlantic
.(Number).
NPN DMWMH WO
Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4.
Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by
Vessel Horsepower and Area, August 1964 2/
Horse- Middle |Chesa 4 South |Gulf| Pacific |Total
power Atlantic} peake |Atlantic!
. (Number).
WENRPARP NIP EN ENN PEED
both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of
5 net tons and over.
2/There were no redocumented vessels in August 1964 previously removed from the
records, Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 33 in 1964; 2
in 1963; 1 in 1962; and 5 prior to 1946.
urce Monty Su:
toms, U.S. Ireasury Department.
U. S. Foreign Trade
AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF
FISHERY PRODUCTS,
JANUARY-JUNE 1964:
Airborne fishery imports into the United
States in June 1964 were more than double
those in the previous month. The increase
was due mainly to heavier imports of shrimp
from Venezuela and the arrival of volume
shipments of live northern lobsters from
Canada.
66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
U. S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products,
January-June 1964 with Comparative Data
1964 1964
Product and June Jan.-June
Origin 2/ Qty. 3//Value 4/| Qty. 3/]Value 4/]Qty. 3/
1,000} US$ | 1,000 US$ 1,000
Lbs. | 1,000 | Lbs. 1,000
Fish:
Mexico 77.6 11.3 228.5 53.2] 148.7 45.9
British Honduras = = 1.8 0.4 33.9) 8.6
Honduras - - - = 16.5 4.3
Japan - = - = 2.0 8.2
United Kingdom = - 1.9 3.6 1.4 3.6
Iran - = 2 = 1.2 7.4
France = = 4.3 7.8 0.7 0.6
Rumania 0.9 9.0 0.9 9.0 = =
Venezuela = = 4.6 1.7 = =
Ireland 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3
Denmark 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 = =
Canada 1.6 0.5 14.8 4.8 - =
Spain 1.4 1.3 3.2 2.7 - 2
Other countries a = = 3.2 2.1) = =
Total fish...... 82.1 23.2 264.4 87.1 205.2 78.9
Shrimp; |
Guatemala - - - - 137.7 72.1
El Salvador - - 159.1 96.8 198.1} 135.9
Honduras - - = = 22.7 11.9
Nicaragua 24.7 13.6 71.9 41.2] 308.7) 101.6
Costa Rica 24.6 17.4 188.3] 108.1 310.7) 150.3
Panama 99.0 60.6 512.1 309.4] 882.7) 474.2
Venezuela 435.4 | 217.1 |2,162.1] 984.1 | 2,511.2) 1,234.9
Ecuador - - > - 111.6 39.4
France - - - = 2.6 0.9
British Guiana = = 10.5 5.2 = =
Mexico = - - 5.0 1.8
Other countries 0.7 1.0 0.9 = =
Total shrimp ...| 584.4] 309.7 |3,104.9] 1,545.9 0
Shellfish other than shrimp:
Mexico = = 9.0 4.8 73.0 42.6
British Honduras - - 82.8 50.4] 108.9) 78.5
El Salvador - - - - 5.0 3.6
Honduras - - 12.9 9.4 1.9 1.0
Nicaragua 2 = 50.5 40.0 81.0) 54.4
Costa Rica = = 9.3 9.5) 73.8 60.1
Jamaica = = 43.6 36.2 51.0 40.1
Netherlands Antilles 5 > = = 32.8) 20.9
Colombia - - - - 7.7 21.3
Ecuador - - - = 2.2) 1.8
Tunisia = = > = 0.8) 0.9
British Guiana = 2 14.5 Bea lh ed 0.3
Canada 206.6 | 112.1 207.8 113.0} 196.6) 101.2
Venezuela - - - - 13.7 6.0
Dominican Republic 0.4 0.4 7.8 1.5 13.5) 11.7
Bahamas = - 10.6 6.8 = =
Haiti 0.5 0.5 5.6 3.1 = =
Other countries 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 3.5 3.3
—
Total shellfish
(excl. shrimp) 207.6} 113.1 454.9) 278.5
Grand total ..... [eva 446.0 |3,824.2| 1,911.5} 5,363.3} 2,749.6
T/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be Uanerse imports and are in-
cluded. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade be-
tween United States possessions are not included.
2/When the country of origin is not Known, the country of shipment is shown.
3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture con-
tent.
4/F.o.b. point of shipment. Does not include U. S. import duties, air freight or insurance.
te: These data are included in the overall import figures for total imports, i.e., these imports are
not to be added to other import data published.
Sonrce: United States Airborne General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, June 1964, U. S. Bureau of
el
Total airborne shrimp imports in June 1964 consisted of
559,041 pounds of fresh and frozen raw headless and 25,376
pounds of unclassified shrimp. About 93 percent of the air-
borne shrimp arrivals in June 1964 entered through the Cus-
toms District of Florida. The remainder entered through the
Customs Districts of New Orleans (La.), Galveston (Tex.),
Los Angeles (Calif.), and New York (N. Y.).
Fish fillets from Mexico accounted for the bulk of the air-
borne finfish imports in June 1964. The June imports, how-
ever, included 900 pounds of caviar from Rumania valued at
almost $9,000, which entered through the Customs District
of San Francisco (Calif.).
Vol. 26, No. 12
Total airborne fishery imports in January-June 1964 were
down 28.7 percent in quantity and 30.5 percent in value from
those in the same period of 1963. The decline was due to
smaller shipments of shrimp and spiny lobsters from Central
and South American countries.
The data as issued do not show the state of all products--
fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of
the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products.
* KOK K *
PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY
PRODUCTS, AUGUST 1964:
United States imports of processed edible fishery products
in August 1964 were up 8.1 percent in quantity and 8.4 percent
in value from those in the previous month, due mainly to
larger imports of cod fillets, groundfish blocks (increase
mainly from Iceland and Greenland), and canned sardines not
in oil (increase mainly from the South Africa Republic). The
increase was partly offset by smaller imports of haddock fil~
lets, ocean perch fillets, and flounder fillets.
Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in Au-
gust 1964 were up 2.4 percent in quantity and 4.7 percent in
value, This August there were larger imports of canned alba-
core tuna in brine, canned sardines not in oil, canned lobster,
halibut fillets, and yellow pike fillets. But imports were down
for groundfish fillets (decline mainly from Canada), swordfish
fillets, canned crabmeat, and canned oysters.
In January-August 1964, imports were up 3.6 percent in
value from those in January-August 1963, but the quantity of
the imports was almost the same for both periods. During
January-August 1964, there was a sizable increase in imports
of groundfish fillets and blocks (increase mainly from Canada
and Iceland), flounder fillets, yellow pike fillets, and sea cat-
fish fillets. But there was a considerable decline in imports
of canned tuna, canned crab meat, and swordfish fillets.
U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products,
August 1964 with Comparisons
an. Aug.
1964 | 1963] 1964] 1963/1964 [1963/1964 [1963 |
. e (Millions of Lbs.).. . . (Millions of $) . .
Fish & Shellfish: a |
Importsi/. . .|52.0] 50. 8/344.0/342.9) 15.5]14.8/103.2|99.6
1.6] 28.1} 20.0] 2.9] 0.9} 13.3} 8,5
|i /includes only those fishery products classified by the U.S. Bu-
reau of Census as "Manufactured foodstuffs." Included are
canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only
fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving
substantial processing, i. e., fish blocks and slabs, fish
fillets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen
shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish
processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but
not otherwise processed).
2/Excludes fresh and frozen.
Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the
United States in August 1964 were up 60.7 percent in quantity
and 107.1 percent in value from those in the previous month.
Heavy August shipments of canned salmon--totaling 2.3 mil-
lion pounds and going mainly to the United Kingdom--ac-
counted for most of the increase,
Compared with the same month of the previous year, the
exports in August 1964 were up 181.3 percent in quantity and
111.1 percent in value. Again, the increase was due mainly
to larger shipments of canned salmon, Exports were also up
for canned squid (principally to Greece and the Philippines)
and canned shrimp (principally to Canada and the United King-
dom). Butexports were down for canned mackerel and canned
Sardines.
December 1964
Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 8 months
of 1964 were up 40.5 percent in quantity and 56.5 percent in
value from those in the same period of 1963, In January-
August 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned
mackerel, canned salmon, and canned sardines in oil, Ex-
ports of canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of
canned sardines not in oil and canned squid were down,
tes: rior to tober 1963, the data shown were included in news articles on
"U, S, Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products." Before October 1963, data
showing "U. S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured
and crude products, At present, a monthly summary of U. S, imports of crude or
nonprocessed fishery products is not available; therefore, only imports of manu-
factured or processed edible fishery products are reported above. The above im-
port data are, therefore, not comparable to previous reports of "U, S. Imports of
Edible Fishery Products."
The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U. S. Exports
of Edible Fishery Products," The export data in this series of articles have al~
ways been limited to manufactured or processed products.
(2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov, 1964 p, 63.
AE
EXCESSIVE FISHING DAMAGES
CHINOOK SALMON RUN
IN YAKIMA RIVER:
most all of the chinook salmon run to
the Yakima River in the fall of 1964 was taken
in the nets of Indian fishermen, according to
the Director of the Washington State Depart-
ment of Fisheries. From a run of over
3,000 fish, less than 100 salmon survived to
reach the spawning ground. If the surviving
spawners reproduce at the same 3-for-1 rate
that their parents did, the entire chinook salm-
on run returning 4 and 5 years from now to
the Yakima River from the 1964 spawning will
be no more than 300 fish.
Washington
There is no doubt that a treaty guarantees
the Indians the right to fish and regulate their
fishery on their Reservation on the Yakima
River. There is also no doubt that the treaty
does not guarantee them a healthy run of fish
for their harvest. The Yakima Indians have
fishing regulations, but their management
failed to protect the spawning stock in 1964.
The primary purpose of salmon fishing regu-
lations should be to let adequate seed stock
get through to the spawning ground.
The Yakima River has a good salmon po-
tential in spite of diverse water use. The
Washington State Department of Fisheries has
spent considerable sums to rear fish and re-
habilitate upstream spawning areas. Other
ways to increase the spawning potential are
also known, but sufficient salmon must be
allowed upstream as a first important step.
(Washington State Department of Fisheries,
September 28, 1964.)
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67
Wholesale Prices
EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH,
OCTOBER 1964:
Prices were generally higher from September to October
1964 and the overall wholesale price index for edible fishery
products rose 1.7 percent from the previous month, The more
significant price changes in October were principally for had-
dock and shrimp. At 111.6 percent of the 1957-59 average, the
index this October was 4.5 percent higher than in the same
month of 1963,
A 3.3-percent increase from September to October in the
subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish was due
largely to higher ex-vessel prices at Boston for large haddock,
Because of light haddock landings, October prices were up 22,2
percent from the previous month and were higher than in Oc-
tober 1963 by 30.3 percent, Prices at New York City for
fresh and frozen halibut were somewhat higher in October (up
0.9 percent) because of the strong demand for the fresh prod-
uct. As the seasonal Pacific Northwest halibut fishery came
to a close, fresh halibut was in limited supply and much higher-
priced than the frozen product. Compared with October 1963,
halibut prices this October were 26,3 percent higher. An in-
A modem fish and seafood retail counter in Kansas City, Mo.
crease in prices at Chicago for Lake Superior fresh whitefish
(up 12.6 percent) this October was offset by lower prices for
fresh round yellow pike (dropped 13.7 percent from the previ-
ous month), As compared with October 1963, the subgroup
index this October was 9.7 percent higher because of the high-
er halibut prices and sharply higher prices for ex-vessel
large haddock,
The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish
dropped 0.8 percent from September to October because of
higher prices at New York City for South Atlantic fresh
shrimp (up 1.3 percent). October 1964 prices for other items
in the subgroup ranged from slightly to substantially lower
than in September, but those lower prices were mostly can-
celled out by the more significant (although relatively small)
price increase for shrimp, As compared with October 1963,
the subgroup index this October was 0,1 percent lower be-
cause of lower prices for fresh haddock fillets (down 14.9 per-
cent) and shucked standard oysters (down 6.6 percent), but
shrimp prices were up 10 percent from the same month in
1963.
A 4.7-percent increase from the previous month in the Oc-
tober 1964 processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup index
resulted largely from a fairly sharp rise in frozen shrimp
prices (wholesale price up 6 cents a pound) at Chicago. Prices
this October also were higher for frozen haddock fillets, while
68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1964 with Comparisons
Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification
Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products:
~ Drawr Dressed, oF Whole Fintish:- +--+ +--+.
Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh
Halibut, West. 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz,
Salmon, king, Ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz.
Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh
Yellow pike, L, Michigan &Huron, rnd., fresh
Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish): ......
Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20-1b, tins
Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh
Oysters, Shucked, standards
Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish):
Fillets; Flounder, skinless, 1-1b. pkg.
Haddock, smi, skins on, 1-lb. pkg.
Shrimp, ige. (26-30 count), brown, 5-1b. pkg,
Canned Fishery Products: .........
Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz,), 48 cans/cs,
Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 0z,),
48 cans/cs,
Mackerel, jack, Calif., No.1 tall (15 oz.)
48 cans/cs,
Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn
3-3/4 02z.), 100 cans/cs,
i/Represent average prices for one day
prices are p
2/Revised by Bureau of Labor Statistics.
other species of frozen fillets were slightly lower-priced or
the same as in the previous month. As compared with October
1963, the subgroup index this October was higher by 7.4 per-
cent. October 1964 frozen shrimp prices were 20 percent
higher than in the same month a year earlier but those for all
other items in the subgroup were lower than in October 1963.
October 1964 wholesale prices for canned fishery products
listed in the index were the same as in the previous month and
the subgroup index at 103.1 percent of the 1957-59 average re-
onday or Tuesday) in which CC
hed as indicators of movement and not eee eucaibue level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery
Products Reports’® should be referred to for actual prices,
Indexes
(1957-59=100)
Avg. Prices 1/
(3)
105.4 | 106.8
“4a | 97.1] 106.9 | 86.2
i eo lsc oes |oeesiel aaged
gal.) 713 | 7.25 | 120.1| 129.2 | 118.0 | 198.6
91.2 92.5 95.0 | 100.
mained unchanged for the third consecutive month. The mar-
ket for canned fishery products continued to be highlighted by
liberal supplies of Alaska canned pink salmon. By contrast,
supplies of canned Maine sardines were very low because of
the disappointing new season pack which was nearly com-
pleted and not expected to total more than about half the 1963
pack. Canned fish prices this October were mostly up from
those in October 1963 and the index was higher by 1.4 per-
cent. The only exception was canned salmon (prices 7.4 per-
cent lower than in October 1963).
CORRECTION
In the October 1964 issue, in the article ''Comparison of Salmon
Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II,'' on
page 6 in Table 5 under (e), the symbol following ' "Relative
cost/year/fish'' should read "Zw" instead "2/w."'
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69
International
FISH MEAL
PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS
_FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES,
JANUARY*AUGUST 1963-1964:
Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza-
tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of
fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland,
Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Produc-
tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu-
| Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries
of the FEO, January-August 1963-1964
| Jul August Jan.-Aug.
! Country 1964 |1963/1964 1963[ 1964 | 1963
eat
- (1,000 Metric Tons).
hile 1 2/ 87.0 74.4
ngola 2/ 32.1 16.2
celand ~ 77.8 50.5
orway 129.2 50.9
Peru 1,016.4) 807.7
o. Africa (including
S.-W. Africa)
half of 1964. There was a seasonal decline in output in Peru
which is the major producing country. But world production
in both July and August 1964 was up substantially from that
in the same months of 1963.
World fish meal production in the first 8 months of 1964
was considerably above that in the same period of 1963. The
increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru
which accounted for about 51 percent of world output during
January-August 1964. Higher production during January-Au-
gust 1964 was also reported in Norway, South Africa, Chile,
Iceland, and Angola. The increase was partly offset by lower
production in Canada and the United States.
World Fish Meal Production by Countries,
anada 8,778] 5,335} 5,999) 3,290 36,711 46,535
Denmark 11,703) 11,497) 16,398] 11,024 69,951 69,965
IF rance 1,100} 1,100) 1,100) 1,100 8,800 8,800
erman Fed.
Republic 5,621} 5,632) 7,757) 6,035 50,655: 50,616
Netherlands 1/ 600 1/ 900} 2/3,500) 3,500
Spain T/ 1,790 T/ 2,075, ~ 1/ | 14,734
Sweden ~164 224) “381 532 4,411) 3,863
nited King- Hl
7,250) 5,770) 6,065 53,038! 52,164
34,916) 28,918} 39,068) 147,690,3/156,577
1,078 1/ 1,954) 4/31,498} 16,494
6,316) 13,389] 18,176] — 86,552)
18,256) 134,558) 87,999
38,098)1,009,592! 778,845
So. Afr. (incl.
S.W. Afr.) 30,419 24,480| 18,170 218,492] 196,654
[Belgium 375 375 375 3,000 3,000
hile 6,318 6,161 1,219
orocco 1/ 1/
=e
o. Africa (including
S.-W. Africa) F 3 =
Total _|as6.6 126.2]142.4
ta not available.
/Data only available for January-July.
ary-August 1964 were up substantially from the same period
of the previous year. During the first 8 months of 1964, Peru
accounted for about 68.1 percent of total fish meal exports re-
ported by FEO countries.
WORLD PRODUCTION, JULY-AUGUST 1964:
World fish meal production in July and August 1964 was
down somewhat from the average monthly output in the first
Total 229,313
li/Data not available,
Data available only for Jan. -June 1964
3/Revised,
4/Data available only for Jan. -July 1964.
Data available only for Jan. -May 1964.
Note: Japan does not repoft fish meal production to the Interna-
tional Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present.
174,660|186,743 /166,337)1,965,967)1,626,387
Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub-
mit data to the Association monthly (see table).
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS
FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE:
~ Se Annual Conference of the International Associ-
ation of Fish Meal Manufacturers was held in Vienna,
Austria, September 29-October 2, 1964. This private orga-
nization of associations representing the fish meal industry
and individual manufacturing companies was organized in
1959 and has its headquarters in London, England,
70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
International (Contd.):
Some 108 delegates and observers from about 20 coun-
tries, representing nearly all of the 17 member countries,
together with observers from Japan and Mexico attended the
Conference. Other observers were from the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO), U. S. Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries, and the Fish Meal Exporters Organization
(FEO).
Scientists were strongly represented in the delegations,
all of whom were authorities on fish meal and the fishing
industry, either on an international basis or in their own
countries, In all, 29 scientists from most of the partic-
ipating countries met in the Scientific Committee. For the
first time, 70 representatives (agents, brokers, and import-
ers) from private industry took part in the opening and
closing sessions of the Conference, and part of the General
Session.
Among matters discussed at the Conference were pro-
duction, sales, and consumption of fish meal in 1964 and the
estimated production, sales, and consumption for 1965,
It was concluded that a stable market for fish meal should
continue, and that increases in production and consumption
would remain in balance. The fish oil market was reviewed
and was also felt to be firm.
The Association will give consideration during the
coming year to an economic study of market trends in con-
junction with FAO. Various market research and promo-
tional matters also were considered, The Association,
while considering commercial matters, in no way deals
with price or control of markets, but acts in an advisory
Capacity.
Scientific matters discussed at the Conference included
many topics on the excellent nutritional value of fish meal
as a high grade animal protein, with particular reference to
increasing its use in more intensive feeding of reared stock,
as well as pigs and poultry, its main use at present.
There was a full exchange of information on the work
being carried out to hasten the more widespread use of
fish flour or fish protein concentrate for human consump-
tion. Particular reference was made to the work being
carried out by FAO in conjunction with the Peruvian fish
meal industry and Government on a proposed large-scale
pilot plant in Peru. Other scientific matters designed to
ensure the maintenance of uniform supplies of high grade
fish meal in all producing countries were also discussed
at the Conference.
During 1965, the Executive Council and Scientific Com-
mittee of the Association will hold meetings in London in
Hebauany. or March and in Reykjavik in June or July.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 45; January 1964 p. 39.
FIRST NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE OF
COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRIES
The First North American Fisheries Con-
ference will be held in Washington, D.C.,
April 30-May 5, 1965. Participants at the
Conference will be members of the commer=
cial fishing industries of Canada, Mexico,
and the United States as represented by the
respective fishery trade associations of the
three countries--the Fisheries Council of
Canada (Canada); the Camara Nacional de la
Industria Pesquera (Mexico); and the Nation-
al Fisheries Institute (NFI), United States.
Vol. 26, No. 12
The occasion will commemorate the 20th
anniversaries of the Fisheries Council of
Canada and the National Fisheries Institute,
and the 14th anniversary of the Camara Na-
cional de la Industria Pesquera. The Confer-
ence is also in lieu of the 20th annual conven-
tions of the Fisheries Council and NFI, and
the 14th annual convention of the Camara.
This occasion will mark the first time in
the history of the fishing industry of North
America that the commercial fishery trade
associations of the three countries have com-
bined for an international meeting, represent=-
ing all segments of the industry.
While each organization will conduct its
own business sessions and committee meet=-
ings, the General Sessions will be conducted
jointly for the representatives of all three na-
tions. Some of the matters to be discussed at
the General Sessions are the resources of the
North American continent and the effects of
civilization on those resources; modern har-
vesting and processing; marketing; and the in-
ternational approach. Papers will be given
on those subjects by outstanding world author-
ities in each of those fields.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
WORLD FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963:
World fishery catches in 1963 of about 46
million metric tons (live-weight basis) were
only about 3 percent greater than in 1962--
the smallest increase in five years, according
to a preliminary estimate by the Food and Ag-
riculture Organization of the United Nations.
Most of the European countries reported
higher fishery landings in 1963. In contrast
to 1962, herring were plentiful both in the
North Sea and in the Skagerrak and Kattegat,
and in addition to those used for reduction
purposes considerable quantities were frozen
and salted in an effort to relieve the pressure
on prices in the fresh fish market. Norway
had another poor winter herring season, lead-
ing to one of the lowest outputs of kippered
herring on record. Both Iceland and Norway
landed considerably less Icelandic herring
than in 1962. Although brisling for canning
was abundant in Norway, high olive oil prices
and heavy stocks caused a large part to be
diverted to the fish meal industry. The cod
fishery was at about the same level in 1963
as the year before in both Iceland and Norway.
The United Kingdom's white fish landings in
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tel
International (Contd.):
Total Catch (Live Weight) of Fish and Shellfish in Selected Countries, 1959-1963 and 1958-1962 Average
Average
1958-62
World total catch ... . : . : 38,230.0 | 35,930.0
1962 catch--1,000,000 tons and more:
Pe .. se ececreeccecne
DAAR aie sks. 6 sw nee & oie ene
China (Mainland) .
Re SeSahie 6 css :
United States .. .
Norway ....- . 1,509.4
Canada ...ee eee oe 2/ 1,019.6
South Africa (incl, South-West Africa) 1,132.0 1,010.3
Spain (incl, Ceuta and Melilla) .... 1,086.0 1,014.5
1962 catch=-500,000 tons and more, but less than
1,000,000 tons: ...- eee eccrecrecvece
India sec ce eeecce
United Kingdom ......
Indonesia §..5 0s sye.c «
Denmark and Faeroe Islands
Iceland 1 esac sc
IRXQUCe: pa elibise 6 8) 0
Chile ee ae
oe
reg
ee
ee
.
Germany, Fed, Rep.
Portugal) «0 ese
Philippines ....-
1962 catch==100, 000 tons
500,000 tons: ..
Korea, Rep. of
LESCOL aa
Burma .. ee
Thailand ...
Pakistan’ ©. 0\«
China (Taiwan)
Netherlands ..
Korea, North .
Sweden ....
Angola ....
Viet-Nam, Rep. of
EEL eretatiei at iol eite!
Mexico ..eesee
Malaysia: Malaya
Poland... cece
Morocco .. «see
Congo (Leopoldville
Cambodia ......
Senegal cee cee
Germany, Eastern . .
United Arab Republic
Muscat andOman .,
1962 catch=-50, 000 tons and more, but less than
100,000 tons: - sss ee eee eeerevves
Venemela .
Argentina
Ceylon ,
Turkey
Greece
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
wes ks
aon
. .
oo =
Pau ON CT Cen en Oo Cash
AWReOONOAkeN
(Tae se
CUOSBNUWNAOCHL
Sw Pawe y
ob
Colombia
(Table continued on next page.)
72
International (Contd.):
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Total Catch (Live Weight) of Fish and Shellfish in Selected Countries, 1959-1963 and 1958-1962 Average (Contd.)
1962 catch--less than 50,000 tons: ..
Average
oe eee ee ee ow © © © @ (1,000 Metric Tons) .. 12sec ee ee eee
Ce rr rrr 441.0
ECHadarmnemenenene
Greenland ...
Malaysia: Singapore .
Bulgaria . . oe e
St. Pierre and Miquelon
Rwanda and Burundi . .
Urme@ey 5000000000
MaltalandiGozouveemeltelcpicliol siiailalsiisiielialls
Mauritius ...
We Sw NLL
Pr PH OF
ey (ej eh ie] (s) 's, oplerieh eyiepiejie) she 33.3
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2/Data not available; estimates used in computing world total catch.
Note: Countries arranged in order of 1962 catch.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
1963 were slightly less thanin1962. Poland's
fishery landings increased about 25 percent
in 1963.
Fishery landings by the U.S.S.R. reached
a total of 4.7 million tons in 1963. This was
200,000 tons more than the planned target of
4.5 million tons, which was already three
times the 1948 landings of 1.5 million tons.
The 1963 United States fishery landings
dropped about 10 percent in 1963, largely be-
cause of lower menhaden landings. The pro-
duction of groundfish fillets fell by about 10
percent, and of canned fishery products by
about 7 percent. The United States pack of
Pacific sardines was the smallest in more
than 50 years, but the packs of shrimp and
oyster from the Gulf of Mexico rose sharply.
In Canada, however, the total 1963 fishery
landings increased by about 10 percent.
Peru's fishery landings of 6.9 milliontons
were estimated as only slightly less than in
1962, in spite of a lengthy vessel tie-up of
anchoveta fishermen and greater difficulty in
finding anchoveta. That species represented
98 percent of the Peruvian landings, which
resulted in a new record output of fish meal.
In Chile, the 1963 landings set a new record
of 762,800 tons, but results were much below
expectations because the anchoveta disappear -
ed almost entirely from the coastal waters off
north Chile for six months and a large part of
the catches were small fish.
The countries with the largest landings in
1963 (Peru estimated at 6.9 million tons and
Japan 6.7 million tons, excluding whales) were
slightly below those for the previous year. In
1963 Japan's extended activities in distant-
water trawl and tuna fisheries almost offset
lower catches in some other Japanese fisher -
ies, including the offshore fisheries and Ber-
ing Sea groundfish fisheries. Mainland China
with landings roughly estimated at over 5 mil-
lion tons remained the third largest fishing
nation in 1963.
The 1963 landings in South Africa and South=
West Africa of 1.1 million tons set a new rec=-
ord for the sixth year in succession. A drop
in the Cape catch of shoalfish and a slight de-
cline in trawl fish landings were offset by the
very large Walvis Bay pilchard catch of
546,000 tons as compared with 395,000 tons
in 1962.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1963 p. 53.
% OK OK OK
December 1964
International (Contd.):
MEETING ON BUSINESS
DECISIONS IN FISHERY INDUSTRIES;
Practical applications of fishery research
were discussed by fishing industry executives
and scientific specialists at the 5-day meeting
on Business Decisions in Fishery Industries,
which opened September 21, 1964, in Rome,
Italy. Sponsored by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the
meeting was attended by about 100 persons
from 35 countries. They included--in addi-
tion to the business executives~--biologists,
naval architects, technologists, and econo-
mists interested in fisheries problems. The
scientists and technologists reported on prog-
ress in fisheries research. The economists
then described the tools they have to deter-
mine whether the research results can be
economically applied.
By exchanging views with scientists, the
business executives can learn what the spe-
cialists can do to help solve management
problems. At the same time, the business
executives can indicate what are the most
urgent problems on which help is required.
"We believe that improved methods of de-
cision making will lead to improved utiliza-
tion of fishery resources," the Director of the
FAO Fisheries Division said. ''This, in turn,
will enable man _ to add to future food supplies
and help him in his struggle against hunger."
se ok ok ok ox
* KKK
INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL
HOLDS 11TH SESSION:
The 11th Session of the Indo-Pacific Fish-
eries Council (IPFC) of the Food and Agricul-
ture Organization (FAO) was held October 16-
31, 1964, at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The IPFC was established under Agree-
ment signed at Baguio, Philippines, in Febru-
ary 1948. Its functions are to assemble and
disseminate technical information relating to
water resources of the Indo-Pacific area and
to encourage and coordinate research and
recommend development programs.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 66.
KOK OK OK OK
FORTY -THIRD COUNCIL SESSION
CONSIDERS TWO FISHERY ITEMS:
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
73
Session of the Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion (FAO) Council, held in Rome, October 13-
16, 1964, an Ad Hoc Committee was establish-
ed to study FAO's role in world fisheries de-
velopment and how that role might best be re-
organized and expanded. In establishing the
Ad Hoc Committee, the Council gave consider -
ation to a resolution adopted by the 12th Ses-
sion of the FAO Conference (biennial) held in
1963, for proposals outlining measures which
can be taken to assure that FAO's Fisheries
Division is properly recognized as the leading
intergovernmental body in encouraging ration-
al harvesting of food from the oceans and in-
land waters, and is in a position to adequately
discharge such leadership. The Conference
requested the Director-General to prepare the
proposals for consideration by the Council and
the 13th Session of the Conference.
The Ad Hoc Committee, initially composed
of Chile, France, Iran, Italy, Philippines, Sene-
gal, the United Kingdom, and the United States,
is to report and make recommendations to the
44th Session of the FAO Council to be held
some time in June 1965. Membership to the
Ad Hoc Committee will also be open to other
Member Nations which are now, or will be in
January 1965, members of the Council and
who wish to participate in the Committee's
work,
It was the opinion of the Council that inter-
national collaboration in fisheries might best
be achieved through the establishment of a
permanent committee on fisheries of selected
Member Nations to deal with those matters
and to advise the FAO Conference and the
Council, as well as the Director-General, on
the formulation, implementation, and coordi-
nation of policy and on FAO programs and
activities in the fisheries field.
Tuna Resources in Atlantic Ocean: At the
43rd Session the Council also considered the
report of its Working Party on the Rational
Utilization of the Tuna Resources in the At-
lantic Ocean and the comments on that report
by Member Nations and various international
councils and commissions. The Councilagreed
with certain conclusions of the Working Party
on: (a) problems relating to all the tuna and
tuna-like fish inhabiting the entire Atlantic
Ocean require urgent attention; (b) that it is
necessary to continue and expand programs
or research in a number of fields enumerated
by the Working Party; and (c) that to this and
not only statistics on catches and landings are
required but that a detailed and coordinated
74
International (Contd.):
system of data collection must be put into ef-
fect as soon as possible.
Those conclusions were supported, on the
whole, by Member Nations and international
organizations consulted by the Director -Gen-
eral. A majority of the delegations within the
Council favored setting up a new organization
to handle Atlantic tuna matters and agreed
that a Conference of plenipotentiaries of in-
terested nations should be called to discuss
the character, functions, and operations of
such an organization and if agreement were
reached, to take steps to set it up. The Coun-
cil came to the conclusion that the matter
should be referred to the 13th Session of the
Conference for a decision, but requested the
Director-General in the meantime to under-
take preparatory work including further con-
sultations with Member Nations and interested
international organizations so that if the 13th
Session of the Conference decided that a Con-
ference of plenipotentiaries should be called,
it could meet possibly early in 1966.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 43; Feb=
tuary 1964 p. 61; January 1964 p. 38.
* OK OK OK
NEED FOR SANITARY REGULATIONS IN
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN
ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS:
Fishery products were included in discus-
sions at an international meeting held in Berne,
Switzerland, October 12-17, 1964, onproblems
associated with international traffic in ani-
mals, animal products, and related items.
The meeting was convened jointly by the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions (FAO), the International Office of Epi-
zootics (OIE), and the World Health Organiza-
tion (WHO).
The meeting was attended by 88 delegates
from 40 countries and 12 observers from 8
international organizations. It was the con-
sensus that more uniform and realistic sani-
tary regulations were urgently needed ona
worldwide basis if international trade was to
continue to expand to meet the world's grow-
ing food needs.
In the discussions on fish and fishery
products, the discussion leader reviewed the
problems connected with the hygienic inspec-
tion of fish and fishery products for humanor
animal consumption, as well as with interna-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
national traffic in live fish and fish eggs for
breeding, stocking, and ornamental purposes.
His observations were based on the work and
recommendations of the European Symposium
sponsored by OIE held in Turin, Italy, in1962,
on diseases of fish and the sanitary inspection
of fresh-water and marine fishery products.
Account had also been taken of the work of the
OIE Permanent Commission for the Study of
Sanitary Regulations on the Importation and
Exportation of Animals and Animal Products
in this connection. For the purposes of inter-
national trade it was felt that standards should
be established for organoleptic qualities, pack-
aging, methods of preservation, additives, toxic
or radioactive substances, and the detection of
diseases transmissible to humans. A number
of problems and requirements were mentioned
in each case. Particular emphasis was placed
on the need for certification and some of the
information which certificates should contain
was summarized, according to the purpose for
which the fish or fishery products were to be
used.
Some of the delegates at the meeting felt
that there was a danger of duplication in con-
sidering those topics at the meeting in session
since the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentari-
us Commission had recently initiated work on
most of them. That Commission has assigned
to the Fisheries Division of FAO the task of
drafting a Code of Principles and coordinating
international standards for fish and fishery
products. Under the chairmanship of the Unit-
,ed States, an Expert Committee has undertaken
lwork on the whole field of food hygiene stand-
ards within the framework of the Codex Alimen-
tarius program. Meanwhile, a joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee was dealing with the ques-
tion of food additives. It was mentioned, fur-
thermore, that the European Inland Fisheries
Advisory Commission was studying problems
associated with live fish and fish eggs and had
held informal discussions on fish diseases.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) was also reported to
be preparing draft standards for certain can-
ned fish products in collaboration with FAO.
It was, therefore, suggested that the main
working paper should be passed, together with
the meetings! observations, to the Joint
FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission
and to the European Inland Fisheries Advisory
Committee with the added suggestion that the
latter Committee's work should be extended
to a worldwide basis.
Other delegates pointed out that the veteri-
nary services had an important role to play in
December 1964
International (Contd.):
these matters. Fish are responsible for the
transmission, of several diseases to humans
and animals such as Diphyllobothrium infesta-
tion, salmonellosis, hepatitis (from shellfish),
and botulism. Of particular interest were the
dangers of spreading salmonellosis through
animal feed containing fish meal, and such
new developments as fish farming in which
humans, birds, and possibly animals or their
excreta come into close contact with live fish,
thus favoring new cycles of diseases. Inspec-
tion of fish and installations for handling and
processing them, it was felt, certainly needed
much greater attention, too. It was pointed
out that the veterinary authorities in each
country should display an increasing interest
in control of diseases of fish and prevention
of entry of such diseases into their respective
countries.
With reference to fish meal it was general-
ly agreed that the industry and trade shouldbe
subjected to stricter sanitary controls. Ex-
tensive investigations were under way to de-
termine the sources of pathogenic organisms
that have been encountered in fish meal.
Meanwhile, it was felt that better plant sani-
tation, especially with respect to handling the
end product, would probably be more effective
in eliminating contamination than additional
sterilization, which is very expensive and
might endanger the product's nutritional
qualities.
Recommendations made at the meeting
were that the necessity for the sanitary con -
trol of international traffic in fish and fish
products was recognized, and it was therefore
recommended that this task be entrusted to
appropriate Government services since those
products may be the cause of the transmis-
sion of infectious and parasitic diseases of
man and animals, including fish. The dele-
gates also recommended that OIE and FAO
continue their work on this subject and that
other international organizations working in
this fieldbe invited to collaborate.
At the meeting, a review was made of the
work already carried out by the sponsoring
organizations, as well as by OECD and the
European Common Market.
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION
SECOND SESSION MEETS IN GENEVA:
The Second Session of the Codex Alimen-
tarius (Food Standards) Commission met in
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
75
Geneva, September 28-October 7, 1964. The
Commission is sponsored by the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World
Health Organization (WHO). The joint
FAO/WHO program on food standards has as
its purpose: (1) simplifying and integrating
food standards work now carried on by many
international organizations; (2) providing an
effective mechanism for obtaining Government
acceptance of those standards; and (3) their
publication in the Codex Alimentarius. Pri-
mary responsibility for the work on food stand-
ards rests with FAO, while WHO is concerned
with health aspects of the program.
A joint FAO/WHO Conference on Food
Standards was held in Geneva, October 1-5,
1962, to establish guidelines for the Codex
Alimentarius Commission. The First Session
of the Commission was held in Rome, June 25-
July 3, 1963.
At the 1964 Geneva meeting of the Second
Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
there were about 125 participants, including
delegates from 40 member Governments, ob-
servers from 6 nonmember Governments, and
representatives from 23 organizations.
Fishery products standards were discussed
at the Second Session under agenda items: (1)
progress reports of expert committees and
(2) re-allocation of preparatory work.
Progress Reports of Expert Committees:
Fish and Fish Products: The Commission
received a report (Section J. Report of the
Committee of Experts on International Stand-
ards for Fish and Fishery Products) prepared
by the Committee of Independent Experts on
Fish and Fishery products (convened by the
FAO Fisheries Division), The report was ap-
proved and incorporated into the Draft Report
of the Second Session of the Codex Alimentari-
us Commission as follows (subject to minor re-
visions by the Secretariat of the Commission):
Section J. Report of the Committee of Ex-
perts on International Standards for Fish and
Fishery Products
The Codex Alimentarius Commission,
at its first session, requested the Direc-
tor-General of FAO to convene a Com-
mittee of Independent Experts on Fish
and Fishery Products to prepare for the
Commission's consideration (1) recom-
mendations for priorities among fish
and fishery products to be standardized,
and (2) a draft model standard.
76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
International (Contd.):
The Committee of Experts recom-
mended that the following products be
given priority for standardization: can-
ned herring and sardine in tomato sauce;
canned herring and sardine in oils; can-
ned tuna, bonito, and mackerel inbrine or
oils; canned Pacific salmon; and canned
crab meat; and canned shrimp; frozen
tuna and frozen herring as raw material
for further processing; frozen fillets of
Atlantic cod, haddock, and ocean perch
(Sebastes); frozen Pacific salmon; and
frozen crustaceans; cured-salted her-
ring; and salted cod.
The Committee of Experts also drew
up a skeleton code of practice for the
handling of fish and fishery products as
wellas a suggested model standard for
fishery products. The Experts made cer-
tain recommendations concerning the coun-
tries which in their opinion would be
most likely to have the greatest exper -
tise in the field of standardization of the
various fish and fishery products, and
requested the Director-General of FAO
to approach the Governments of those
countries to see whether they would be
prepared to undertake this work.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission
had a brief progress report on develop-
ments since the meeting of the Commit~-
tee of Experts, informing the Commis-
sion (1) that a draft standard on canned
bonito in oil had been received by FAO,
and (2) that a number of countries had
informed the Director-General that they
would be prepared to elaborate draft
standards on fish and fishery products.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission
endorsed in general the procedure out-
lined in the Report of the Committee of
Experts on International Standards for
Fish and Fishery Products. The Com-
mission requested that Fisheries Divi-
sion of FAO should examine the draft
standards which were to be submitted
by "Author" countries or organizations.
The (FAO) officer in charge of the Food
Standards Program was instructed to
invite all Members of the Commission
to indicate which standards were of par-
ticular interest to them.
Vol. 26, No. 12
When in the opinion of the (FAO) Fish-
eries Division experts the draft stand-
ards were in a satisfactory form, they
would be transmitted to those Members
of the Commission which had notified
their interest for detailed comments.
After a reconsideration of the draft
standards in the light of comments re-
ceived, the officer in charge of the Food
Standards Program would send them to
all Members of the Commission for com-
ment and the Commission, at its next
Session, will consider the action to be
taken.
Re-allocation of Preparatory Work: The
discussion of the future of fisheries standards
work was opened by a Canadian delegate who
stated that the Codex Alimentarius Commis-
sion would eventually need its own Expert
Committee on Fish and Fishery Products, but
it was not needed now because considerable
preliminary work was in progress. The Chair-
man of the Commission agreed with that view.
For the time being, draft standards on fishery
products being prepared by various designated
countries will be coordinated by the FAO Fish-
eries Division (in Section J of the Draft Re-
port of the Second Session). Further action
on the draft standards will be considered at
the next Session of the Codex Alimentarius
Commission. The Commission will not at-
tempt to review the draft standards at that
time, but will consider the appointment of an
expert committee for that purpose. (United
States Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe,
United States Embassy, Copenhagen, October
14, 1964.)
eon ee bas od
WORLDWIDE EXPERT COMMITTEE
ON FOOD HYGIENE MEETS
IN WASHINGTON:
In connection with work to develop inter-
national food standards, the Worldwide Expert
Committee on Food Hygiene met in Washing=
ton, D. C., May 27-28, 1964. The Committee
is one of the working groups of the FAO/WHO
Codex Alimentarius (Food Standards) Com-
mission. Food hygiene is included in the pro-
gram because that element is essential to in-
sure a food standard that is both effective and
acceptable,
The Washington meeting of the Committee
on Food Hygiene was attended by delegations
December 1964
International (Contd.):
from Australia, Canada, Israel, the Nether-
lands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the
United Kingdom, and the United States.
The agenda adopted by the Committee in-
cluded:
(1) Recommendations on the scope of
food hygiene standards,
(2) Recommendations for guidelines for
the development of processing and
product inspection standards.
(3) Recommendations for general hygi-
enic standards covering:
(a) disease- or toxin-producing
micro-organisms
(b) bacterial indices of pollution
(c) rodent and insect indices of pol-
lution
(d) fungi (mold),
(4) Establishment of priorities,
In handling that agenda, the Committee
had before it a United Kingdom draft discuss -
ing food hygiene rules. The Committee also
received prepared suggestions from the Unit-
ed States on food handling practices. The
United States and the United Kingdom agreed
to work together on a draft of hygiene stand-
ards for fish and fishery products.
The extent of the Hygiene Committee's
authority was a major point of discussion dur-
ing the Washington meeting. It was agreed
that the Committee's work would be closely
related to that of the various Codex Commit-
tees on standards for individual commodities.
Whether the Hygiene Committee would work
with the individual commodity committees be-
fore standards were drafted was left open for
clarification by the parent Codex Commission.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1964, p. 1.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND OUTLOOK:
International Cooperation: The most no-
table accomplishment of the International
Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fish-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
77
eries (ICNAF) since its beginning in 1951 has
been the dedication to international fishery
conservation and the remarkable cooperation
among the scientists and
administrators of the dif-;
ferent member countries
and world conservation
agencies in their efforts
to maintain the stocks of
fish in the Northwest At-
lantic at a level permit-
ting a maximum sustained
catch,
Collection, Processing, and Publication of
Statistical and Biological Data: The Commis-
sion early recognized the fundamental need
for complete and reliable statistics on the fish-
eries in the Northwest Atlantic and thus allow
its scientists to make the scientific assess~
ments which form the basis for regulating the
fisheries in an effort to maintain the maximum
sustained catch. Since 1951, ICNAF has con-
centrated effort on collecting, analyzing, and
publishing data on the fish, fish landings, and
fishing activity (ICNAF Sampling Yearbook and
ICNAF Statistical Bulletin). Cosponsorship
with the International Council for the Explora-
tion of the Sea (ICES) and the Food and Agri-
culture Organization (FAO) of the Expert Meet-
ing on Fishery Statistics in the North Atlantic
area in 1959 and of the Continuing Working
Party on Fishery Statistics in the North At-
lantic area has resulted in standardized sta-
tistical requirements and procedures for the
whole of the North Atlantic region,
Development of Research Programs, New
Ideas and Techniques: The Commission, pro-
ceeding on the basis of making sure of the
scientific data before embarking on ambitious
regulatory measures, drew up an internation-
al fisheries research program and stimulated
the development of new ideas and techniques
for the solution of international and national
fisheries~-management problems by organizing
international scientific symposia on:
(1) Biological fisheries survey problems
and techniques for their solution,"
at Biarritz, France, in 1956;
(2) ''Fishing effort, effects of fishing and
selectivity of fishing gear," at
Lisbon, Portugal, with ICES and
FAO in 1957;
(3) ''Redfish (Sebastes) in the North At-
lantic,'’ at Copenhagen, Denmark,
with ICES, in 1959;
78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
International (Contd.):
(4) "Techniques for fish marking and
methods of analyses of recovery
data,'' at Wood Hole, Mass., in1961;
(5) "Influence of the environment on the
distribution and abundance of the
major fish stocks of the ICNAF
area,'' at FAO, Rome, in 1964.
All symposia are published in the ICNAF
Special Publication series for worldwide dis-
tribution.
Regulation by Mesh Size as a Conserva-
tion Measure: Based on the success of an
experimental 43-inch mesh size regulation
enforced in 1952 in Subarea 5 (Georges Bank)
which allowed the small haddock in the de=
clining trawl fishery for haddock to escape
in the sizes and quantities recommended by
Commission scientists, regulation by mesh
size was applied as a conservation measure
to other important commercial species in the
other subareas. ICNAF mesh-size regula-
tions are now enforced for cod and haddock
in Subareas 3 (4-inch), 4 and 5 (43-inch), and
are proposed for all groundfish species in
Subareas 1, 2, and 3, excluding redfish (ocean
perch) in Divisions 3NOP (43-inch), and for
cod, haddock, and flounder in Subarea 4 (43-
inch).
Assessment of Effect of Mesh Size: Com-
ment of methods for the assessment of the
benefit of saving small fish by regulating
mesh size of the nets. In 1962, they reported
on the effects of fishing on the stocks of the
major commercial species and on assess-
ments of the effect on catches, both immedi-
ate and long-term, of changes in the selectiv-
ity of gear, in particular, of changes in the
mesh-size of trawls. These assessments of
the benefit of mesh regulations are reviewed
annually and are the basis for recommenda-
tions by the Commission for changes inmesh-
size regulationto maintain the fish stocks at a
level permitting a maximum continuous catch.:
Assessment of Effect of Fishing: In 1964,
the Commission, from an assessment of the
effect of the increasing fishing activity has
found that (a) the fishing intensity with which
many of the major stocks of cod and haddock
are now being fished is near that at which
they can provide their greatest sustained
catches, and (b) that mesh-size regulations
cannot, in themselves, offset the consequences
of the continuing build-up in fishing pressure.
The Commission, concerned at the implica-
tions of those findings, has asked its scien-
tists to continue studies of effects of fishing
and to review possible additional conserva-
tion measures which might be used to ensure
greatest continuous yield from the fish stocks
in the Northwest Atlantic.
Assessment of Effect of Environment on
Fish; The Commission developed and adopted
an environmental program to assess the in-
fluence of natural causes on the abundance
and distribution of fish stocks and on the suc-
cess of fishing operations. From April to
June 1963, a pioneering survey (NORWEST>=,
; LANT I-III) studied the drift of cod eggs and
larvae and redfish (ocean perch) larvae in re-
lation to their environment in the northern
part of the ICNAF area and in the Irminger
Sea. The survey involved the coordinated ef-
forts of 8 countries using 11 research vessels.
Results are being prepared for publication in
the ICNAF Special Publication series. The
Commission also completed an international
scientific symposium on the environment in
relation to the major fish stocks in the North
Atlantic at FAO, Rome, in early 1964. Re-
sults provided ideas for environmental studies
to distinguish between the effects of the en-
vironment and effects of fishing on changes in
the fish stocks.
Exemptions in Nonregulated Fisheries: In
addition to using regulation by mesh size as a
conservation measure, the Commission has
‘adopted exemption measures for the protec-
tion of the regulated species (cod and haddock)
taken in areas where there are substantial
fisheries using small-mesh nets for nonregu-
lated species.
Adoption of Principle of International En-
forcement: The Commission unanimously
agreed to recommend to contracting govern-
ments that a system of international enforce-
ment of Commission regulations be set up to
eliminate the variability of standards possible
|under a system of national enforcement.
Acceptance of Responsibility for Seal Con-
servation: As a result of unanimous agreement
in the Commission, the study and recommenda-
tion of conservation measures in the declining
international fishery for harp and hood seals
in the Northwest Atlantic will shortly become
an ICNAF responsibility.
December 1964
International (Contd.):
Outlook for Immediate Future: The out-
look for the future is based on the Commis~
sion's concern for the rapidly increasing fish
ing activity in the Convention Area by the 13
member countries and at least 2 nonmember
countries on present and new stocks and spe-
cies of fish. Commission scientists have
warned of the consequences and expansion
must now give way to rational and controlled
exploitation. Regulation of mesh size, al-
though a good conservation measure, has been
shown as not completely adequate in control-
ling exploitation and has raised serious en-
forcement and practical fishing problems.
Additional conservation measures will be
sought and problems of early implementation
and enforcement will be considered in the im-
mediate future. The Commission will con-
tinue to cooperate and exchange ideas with
ICES, NEAFC, and FAO with the aim of es-
tablishing common benefits for countries fish-
ing in the whole of the North Atlantic. Com-
mission scientists will continue to collect
data on the fisheries and to develop new ideas
and techniques which will allow them to ad=-
vise the Commissioners, impartially and ob-
jectively, on the effects of fishing and of pro-
posed regulative measures on the stocks and
catches. The Commission will continue to
look forward to international cooperation and
goodwill to the end that all member countries
may benefit from the fisheries in the North-
west Atlantic. (ICNAF Newsletter No. 46,
Dartmouth, N.S.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Dec, 1964 p.
Aug. 1964 p. 49; June 1964 p. 35.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT CONCERNING
HARP AND HOOD SEALS RATIFIED
BY DENMARK AND FRANCE:
Ratifications of a Protocol to the Interna-
tional Convention for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries of February 8, 1949, relating to
harp and hood seals, were deposited by France
(July 21, 1964) and Denmark (July 27, 1964).
The Protocol, done at Washington, D. C., on
July 15, 1963, is intended to bring those spe-
cies within the responsibility of the North-
west Atlantic Fisheries Commission. The
Protocol is not yet in force. (The Department
of State Bulletin, August 17, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 42; March
1964 p. 45.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
79
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION
RENEGOTIATION TALKS IN OTTAWA END:
The third meeting of the parties to the In-
ternational Convention for the High Seas Fish-
eries of the North Pacific Ocean which began
on September 9, 1964, came to a close Octo-
ber 1, 1964, in Ottawa, Canada.
The present Convention and the modifica-
tions of this Convention (which were under
discussion during the three meetings) have
the primary objective of promoting coopera-
tion among the three parties (Canada, Japan,
and the United States) in developing and ap-
plying effective conservation measures and
procedures for North Pacific stocks of fish
of common interest.
The earlier meetings, which were held in
Washington, D, C., in June 1963 and in Tokyo
in September 1963, had provided an opportuni-
ty for the delegations from Canada, Japan, and
the United States to present and clarify their
views concerning revision of the Convention,
and the third meeting concentrated on consid-
eration of the principles and details to be in-
cluded in a revised Convention.
During the course of the meeting the Japa-
nese delegation submitted a draft convention
including accompanying protocols which in-
corporated various modifications of the draft
convention discussed at the Tokyo meeting.
The new draft took into consideration certain
important suggestions made by each delega-
tion at the earlier meetings.
The delegations examined and discussed
the new draft convention and protocols and
presented constructive modifications for fur-
ther consideration.
It was generally agreed that the form and
content of the articles of the convention under
consideration could be made acceptable to the
three delegations by means of revisions which
were mainly of a drafting nature. However,
because of certain problems which could not be
be resolved at this time it was not possible to
reach full agreement on the salmon and halibut
protocols which form an integral part of the
Convention.
Throughout the meeting the delegations ex-
changed views in a frank manner and studied
various concrete proposals in efforts to re-
80
International (Contd.):
solve the remaining differences, particularly
with regard to the contents of the protocols.
As the result of these constructive and con-
ciliatory efforts considerable progress was
made, but it was finally decided that com-
plete agreement could not be reached at this
time. The delegations therefore concluded
that the meeting should adjourn and recom-
mended to the Governments that a fourth
meeting be convened at some later date for
the purpose of reaching final agreement. In
this connection the United States delegation
expressed the hope of its Government that the
next meeting might be held in the United
States at a time and place to be determined
by the three Governments.
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE
EXPLORATION OF THE SEA
o2ND STATUTORY MEETING
HELD IN COPENHAGEN:
The 52nd Statutory Meeting of the Interna-
tional Council for the Exploration of the Sea
(ICES) was held in Copenhagen, Denmark,
September 27-October 7, 1964. Some 160
delegates and experts from the 16 European
Member Countries were in attendance, and
others as observers from other countries
and international organizations. About 20
committees and working groups considered
as many as 150 scientific papers and pre-
sented their reports to the Bureau of the
Council.
The United States delegation included rep-
resentatives from the U. S. Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries and the Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife. Other representatives
were from the U. S. National Oceanographic
Data Center, the U. S. Naval Oceanographic
Office, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-
stitution.
The 52nd meeting followed a previous meet-
ing (September 7-12, 1964) convened by the
Danish Government to draw up a new constitu-
tion with a view to facilitating the implemen-
tation of the Council's program. A new Con-
vention for ICES was considered and agreed
upon at the previous meeting. The new Con-
vention states, ''The Council shall be con-
cerned with the Atlantic Ocean and its adjac-
ent seas and primarily concerned with the
North Atlantic.’ Formerly, ICES confined it-
self largely to the eastern part of the North
Atlantic, primarily off Europe and Iceland.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
Among the more important conclusions
reached at the Council meeting were:
(1) In view of the extensive exploitation of
tuna, sardine, and many other species in the
tropical Atlantic, it was decided to develop a
research plan and to organize collection of
fisheries statistics from the area. Details of
the plan, to be known as the ''Equatorial Proj-
ect,'' are to be drawn up by a Symposium ex-
pected to be convened in 1966.
(2) In connection with a request from the
Director-General of the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) for comments by the Coun-
cil on the FAO Working Party for the Rational
Utilization of the Tuna Resources of the Atlan-
tic Ocean, the Council extended its cooperation
to FAO, and to any new organization which
might be set up by FAO or by any other inter-
national agency for the purpose of organizing
and carrying out investigations in the area,
aimed at rational exploitation of fish stocks.
(3) Cooperation with the International Com-
mission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
(ICNAF) was to be extended and intensified.
Joint meetings of scientific experts from both
sides of the Atlantic were advocated, prefer-
ably independent of the annual meetings of
both organizations. r
(4) A "Symposium on Arctic Pelagic Fish-
es'' was scheduled to be held in Copenhagen
in October 1966. Although most of the spes
cies involved are not of great value to man=
kind, at least notas afood, they are extremely
important in the marine food chain and through
their effect on the distribution and availability
of commercially important fish, such as cod.
(5) During the last three years, ICES Plank-
ton Committee has been working out plans for
instituting a review on present plankton re-
search methods, with a view to standardizing
them and making the results comparable.
Since this work is urgent and of worldwide
concern, the Council decided to start on it
immediately. There will be four Working
Groups to deal with specified items. The
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Spe-
cial Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
are ready to cooperate and to share expenses.
(6) ICES acts as scientific adviser to the
North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
(NEAFC) through a special Liaison Committee.
To provide scientific evidence for the benefit
December 1964
International (Contd.):
of NEAFC, working groups were set up to
deal with problems concerning, among others,
herring in all European waters, cod and other
bottom fish, and fishing gear.
In his opening address, the President of
ICES drew attention to the misunderstandings
and conflicts which may arise from routine
scientific samplings and other probings of the
seabed and subsoil and of the bottom fauna by
means of bottom grabs, dredges, corers, and
similar devices. Such actions for purely
scientific purposes could be interpreted as
‘exploitation of the Continental Shelf. Wishing
to-avoid misunderstandings and anxious to in-
sure that research vessels may continue to
operate as in the past, the Council is seeking
cooperation to insure that the work of re-
search vessels of Member Countries will not
be impeded. ICES indicated its readiness, if
necessary, toassist in compiling a register
of vessels regularly engaged in scientific in-
vestigations on behalf of member countries.
A highlight of the Statutory Meeting was a
2-day symposium on the salinity-density-
electrical conductivity-relationships of sea
water. A new Set of tables is to be drawn up
by the National Institute of Oceanography in
Great Britain and published by UNESCO
on behalf of ICES, in order to facilitate inter-
national comparison of the readings of elec-
trical salinometers.
The 53rd Annual Meeting of ICES will be
held in Rome, Italy, October 4-13, 1965.
(Assistant Regional Fisheries Attache for
Europe, United States Embassy, October 28,
1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p, 68.
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
FISHERY TECHNOLOGISTS MEETING HELD:
A meeting of fishery technologists, spon-
sored by the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD), was held
at Op Gouden Wieken, Scheveningen (The
Hague), in the Netherlands, September 14-17,
1964,
About 200 technologists from various gov-
ment agencies, the fishing industry, and re-
search institutions attended the meeting. They
were from 19 countries, the Food and Agri-
culture Organization (FAO), and the European
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
81
Economic Community (EEC). The OECD
Fisheries Committee sponsored the meeting
as part of its 1964 work program because the
agenda dealt with a number of fishery subjects
of direct interest to current or proposed proj-
ects of the Committee. Developments in fish-
ery technology have been numerous but fish-
ery technologists had not had an opportunity
to attend a meeting of this type since 1956.
The countries and organizations represented
at the meeting were: Belgium, Canada, Den-
mark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ire-
land, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Por-
tugal , Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
United Kingdom, United States, FAO, and the
EEC. United States representatives were
from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
National Fisheries Institute, andalso the U.S.
Fisheries Attache for Europe at Copenhagen,
Denmark.
Discussions at the meeting centered on the
following major topics which were outlined in
a series of 20 background papers:
1. Storage of fish in chilled sea water on
fishing vessels (biochemical and engineering
aspects).
2. Prepackaging of fresh, frozen, smoked,
and other products for retail sale.
3. Handling of wet fish aboard vessels (ex-
cept in chilled sea water).
4, Handling of wet fish on shore.
5, Problems in freezing, cold storage, and
thawing.
Participants at the meeting included many
technologists from private industry which led
to a useful exchange of views and opinions be-
tween them and technologists from govern-
ment agencies and research institutions. All
participants welcomed the opportunity to dis-
cuss recent technological developments and
hoped that similar meetings could be held
more often than in the past.
One of the more significant developments
at the meeting was the report by a Portuguese
trawler owner that he was successfully super-
cooling his fish catch to -1° to -3°9 C, (about
27° to 30° F.) and bringing in the partially fro-
zen fish after 25 to 30 days in a condition
which commanded premium prices. The view
was held that although contrary to theory, the
82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
International (Contd.): the Baltic salmon fished by U.S.S.R., Poland,
Finland, and Denmark from stock provided in
procedure worked in practice, at least for great part by Sweden's fish hatcheries. (The
warm-water fish caught off Africa. Atlantic Salmon Journal, June 1964, No. 2.)
The FAO representative at the meeting EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION
convened members of his Experts Committee
separately to discuss future technology meet- | INDUSTRIAL TARIFFS SCHEDULED
ings and related matters. His group suggest- | FOR FURTHER REDUCTION:
ed that FAO hold meetings each two years, By the end of 1966 the European Free
alternating between a technological meeting Trade Association (EFTA) will have become
with substantial participation and a scientific |a single market of 100 million people almost
meeting of the symposium type with limited completely free of tariff and other restrictions
attendance. An FAO technological meeting in industrial goods traded between EF TA mem-
was suggested for 1966 to consider only two ber countries. Tariffs are now at 40 percent
topics--frozen fish and irradiated fish. The |of their 1960 level. The remaining tariffs will
latter would include discussions of packaging |be eliminated as follows: reductions of 10 per-
materials for that product. cent will take place on December 31, 1964, and
December 31, 1965, and a final reduction of 20
A complete report by OECD on the Fish- ercent will be made at the end of 1966.
ery Technologists Meeting will be issued ear- |Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 40; March
ly in 1965. (Regional Fisheries Attache for 1964 p. 35.
Europe, United sates Embassy, Copenhagen, a
September 30, 1964. wamecis
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 43. | a
SALMON Australia
ATLANTIC SALMON FISHERY: ABALONE INDUSTRY BEING DEVELOPED:
There have been reports for some years A number of different species of abalone
of an Atlantic salmon commercial fishery es- |are found around the entire coast of mainland
tablished in the waters off the Greenland Australia and Tasmania. In some Australian
coast. The annual salmon catch during 1960- |states the abalone is also called ''mutton fish."
1962 was about 500 metric tons and was The Technical Research Section of the Fisher-
caught in gill nets by Danish fishermen. Re- |ies Branch, Australian Department of Primary
turn of tags indicate that the salmon originate |Industry, has collected considerable informa-
from both the Atlantic coast and from Europe. |tion on abalone designed to assist Australian
From the North American side of the Atlantic, |fishermen engaged in that fishery. The aba-
most of the tagged fish came from Canada's lone fishery in Australia is relatively new and
Maritime rivers, and one was a post-kelt because of the good demand for it in some
tagged at Cherryfield, Me., which was caught |countries, particularly Asia, the Australian
north of the Arctic Circle. Government conducted research on harvesting,
processing, and distribution of the new re-
As Greenland's rivers lack spawning fa- |source.
cilities, most of the Danish commercial fish-
ery comes from stocks outside the Greenland The larger species of abalone have the great-
area. For that reason, Canada's Department |est commercial value. Those include the red
of Fisheries and Maine's Atlantic Sea Run abalone (Notohaliotis ruber) which inhabit the
Salmon Commission are interested. It is re- |New South Wales, eastern Victorian, and Tas-
ported that the International Commission for |manian coasts, and the white abalone (Schis-
the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries has con- motis laevigata) found on the southern Western
sented to obtain accurate records on the num- |Australian, South Australian, Victorian, and
ber of salmon taken in the Danish offshore Tasmainian coasts. Red abalone grow to a di-
fishery. ameter of 6 to 7 inches and the white species
up to 6 inches.
A similar situation is said to prevail in
Canada's Newfoundland commercial fishery
with much of the stock originating from the
rivers of Quebec and the Maritimes, and also
An even larger species of abalone (Haliotis
laevigata), which grows 9 to 10 inches in di-
ameter, is found on the southwest corner of
Western Australia from Albany to Hamelin Bay.
December 1964
Australia (Contd.):
Smaller abalone species include Haliotis
asinina which are about 3- to 4-inches in di-
ameter and are found in Northern Australia,
northwest Western Australia, Queensland,
and the Pacific Islands, Neohaliotis scalaris
(4 inches), common in Western and South
Australia, and Emma's abalone (Marinauris
emmae), which grows to about 3 inches in di-
ameter and is found in Port Phillip Bay and
Western Port bays of Victoria.
Abalone, a mollusk of the gastropod family
Haliotidae, cling to reefs, rock, and coral,
between low tide level and a depth of about
100 feet, and are gathered by divers. The
coast of Tasmania and most of the southern
and southeastern coasts of Australia are con-
sidered most suitable for the commercial ex-
ploitation of abalone. However, nothing is
known of the density of abalone populations
which may be found in those areas.
Diving Methods for Taking Abalone: In
Australia, SCUBA gear and foam rubber suits
are used to collect abalone and teams work
from anchored boats as opposed to ''free"
boats favored by so-called "hard hat'' divers
Australian crews usually consist of two per-
sons-~-a diver and a diver-tender boat han--
dler--although sometimes a number of divers
operate from one tender. Other divers pre-
fer to work alone from an anchored skiff, and
even dispense withasurface crew member.
On the east coast of Tasmania, abalone is
collected by divers working from fast motor
launches. They often work free with a snor-
kle or SCUBA equipment. A diver can work
6 or 7 hours a day with a snorkle but diving
with SCUBA equipment is more exhausting
and 33 hours is the usual limit for diving
time. Introduction of new diving equipment
is being considered. This consists of a face
mask, and a demand valve connected by an
air line to a compressor on the surface.
Abalone are pried from rocks with a short,
flat iron bar and collected in baskets for dis-
patch to the surface, Since abalone are high-
ly perishable, they must be delivered to the
processor without delay. In colder climates
they are fished only during the summer and
the operations are very dependent on weather
conditions.
On the south coast of New South Wales the
price for abalone has been A#65-85 (about
US$146 to $190) a ton, depending on size, and
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
83
divers have landed between half a ton anda
ton a day. Prices vary directly with size,
small abalone being the lowest priced. Aba-
lone taken off New South Wales weigh about
12 ounces each and average about 3,000 to the
ton. But observations by divers there suggest
that while there are areas where there are good
concentrations of abalone, they are not exten-
sive and wouldnot stand intensive fishing.
Abalone grounds off the States of Tasma-
nia, Victoria, and South Australia appear to
provide the best prospects. Processing plants
have been set up onthe south coast of New South
Wales, on the east coast of Tasmania, and on
the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria.
Frozen Abalone for Export: Most Austra-
lian abalone is frozen whole for export, al-
though some canning is being undertaken, and
that section of the abalone industry is the one
which is expected to expand further.
At Bicheno, headquarters for the abalone
industry in Tasmania, abalone are air-dried
for export to Hong Kong and other Asian mar-
kets. It takes as long as eight weeks for the
abalone to dry, after it is salted and threaded
on lines and hung up ina room. The dry aba-
lone are weighed in catties aes pounds) which
is the weight used in Hong Kong. It may also
be sold in bulk by the picul (133 pounds), the
Hong Kong equivalent of a hundredweight. The
abalone is packed by color classification and
size, gradings being 7-10, 10-12, 12-15, 15-20
pieces per cattie.
Abalone taken on the east coast of Tasmania
can be as large as 9 inches in diameter butthe
average is 5 inches, which is the minimum
size of shell allowed to be taken in that State.
There were said to be no forseeable diffi-
culties in freezing and storing abalone for
some months. The product should be shelled
and the usual precautions taken to prevent
desiccation during frozen storage such as glaz-
ing and/or wrapping in water-vaporproof film.
Storage should be at as low a temperature as
possible, preferably lower than -5° F,
Shelled abalone can be stored satisfactori-
ly in the frozen state at about -5° F. for sub-
sequent canning. If the abalone are to be can-
ned immediately, they need not be frozen, but
the shelled product should be de-salted or
immersed in brine.
Canning Process: The Australian method
to can abalone is to place shelled meats layer-
84
Australia (Contd.):
ed with salt in a suitable container. Use 7
pounds of pure dairy salt to every 100 pounds
of meat. Leave a least for 24 hours. Alter-
natively the meats may be immersed ina
salt brine made by adding one pound of salt
to 13 gallons of water and kept immersed for
the same period. Scrub the meats witha
stiff brush to remove black pigmented skin.
Trim base of foot and remove edge of mantle
and mouth. De-salt in lukewarm water at
100° F. for two hours.
Pack the prepared meats in Suitable size
cans and top up with water. Enough salt
usually remains in the meat to produce the
required salt concentration. Heat exhaust
canned product or close under vacuum. Cook
in pressure retort according to can size.
To produce abalone steaks the shell is re-
moved and the viscera and dark tough outside
fascia are trimmed around the foot muscle.
The muscle weighs about one-third of the
original live weight of the mollusk. After
being trimmed, the meat is WEISS and, sliced
across the grain into steaks from? to 3-inch
thick. The steaks are the consistency of a
rubber truck tire at this stage and must be
tenderized. This is done by pounding them
with heavy mallets till they feel velvety. The
steaks are then graded according to size and
color and packed in 5- and 10-pound cartons
and frozen. White abalone meat is consider -
ed to be the most desirable and large white
steaks bring the best prices.
Drying Process: The abalone are soaked
in brine after being removed from the shell.
After washing, the salted abalone are cooked
for about half an hour in water just below
boiling point. They are then spread in shal-
low trays on drying frames to dry in the sun.
Four or five days later the abalone are cook-
ed again for an hour and then smoked for a
day with charcoal smoke. They are rinsed in
boiling water and finally dried for about six
weeks. After rinsing in warm water the
dried abalone are ready to prepare for the
table.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
and costly, for the Australian abalone indus-
try to compete successfully in foreign mar-
kets.
About one-half dozen Australian firms are
reported to be handling and processing aba-
lone. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, June
1964.)
‘Canada
MARINE OIL INDUSTRY TRENDS,
JANUARY -JULY 1964:
Production; Canadian output of marine |
oils during the first 7 months of 1964 totaled
2,445,000 imperial gallons, a decline of 8.1
percent from that in the same period of 1963.
Pacific herring oil production declined in
1964 as did Atlantic groundfish and seal oil
production. The decline was partly offset by -
an increase in Atlantic herring oil production.
Canadian Marine Oil Production,
January-July 1964 with Comparisons
Gamay =puya| el
risa] 1963 | 1963 | i960 et |
« e » e » (1,000 Imperial Gallons}. .....
Atlantic ...
Pacific
Source:
1964.
Monthly Review of Canadian Fisheries Statistics, July
The drying process causes a loss of weight || Fig. 1 - Off the British Columbia coast, a Canadian purse-seiner
of about 90 percent. The dried abalone are
hard and tough but can be sliced with a sharp
knife. The Chinese stew the dried product
after soaking it or grind it into a powder and
use the pulverized abalone for soup. How-
ever, this process probably would be too long
is drawing or pursing the net tighter around a good catch of her-
ring. Canada's west coast herring is principally for making fish
meal and oil.
Foreign Trade: Canada, usually a net im-
porter of marine oils, reversed the pattern in
the first part of 1964, Canadian marine oil im-
December 1964
Canada (Contd.):
Fig. 2 = A power winch operates the brailer or large scoop used
to transfer the herring from the net to the vessel's fish hold.
ports during January-April 1964 were only
290,000 pounds as compared with 4.0 million
pounds in the first 4 months of 1963. Exports,
on the other hand, rose from 8.7 million
pounds during January-July 1963 to 16.2 mil-
lion pounds during the same months of 1964.
The sharp increase resulted from increased
herring oil exports. Those totaled 10.2 mil-
lion pounds in January-July 1964 (6.4 million
pounds to the United Kingdom and 3.8 million
pounds to the United States). In the same pe-
riod of 1963, herring oil exports totaled only
34,000 pounds, all of which went to the United
States. Cod-liver oil exports during January-
July 1964 totaled 4.6 million pounds of whicn
4.3 million pounds went to the United States.
Last year, during the same period, 8.1 mil-
lion pounds of cod-liver oil were exported,
including 7.4 million pounds to the United
States. (United States Embassy, Ottawa, Oc-
tober 9, 1964.)
kk ok a
KOK OK OK OK
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS AND RESULTS
DISCUSSED AT 19TH ANNUAL MEETING:
The research work conducted by scientists
of Canada's Fisheries Research Board con-
sists of about 70 percent biology, 20 percent
technological research, and about 10 percent
oceanography. Canadian scientists on the
Fisheries Research Board are active partici-
pants in the work of most of the international
fisheries commissions on which Canada has
membership.
At the 19th annual meeting of the Fisher-
ies Council of Canada held this past April at
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
85
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the As-
sistant Chairman of the Fisheries Research
Board of Canada gave a report on highlights
of recent research results. The text of his
presentation titled ''Research Ready for Ap-
plication," follows:
"Oceanography: Until fairly recently, the major
responsibility for Canadian research in oceanography
was assumed by the Fisheries Research Board. Dur-
ing the past decade a much larger and still rapidly-
growing Canadian program in oceanography has devel-
oped which is shared by various agencies and coordi-
nated by a Canadian Committee on Oceanography. The
Marine Sciences Branch of the Department of Mines
and Technical Surveys is taking on the lion's share of
oceanographic work in the physical sciences and, as a
result, the Board is gradually diverting some of its
oceanographic energy from survey and monitoring
responsibilities to biological oceanography. Indications
of the benefits accruing to the fishing industry from
this overall expansion are already apparent:
"1, The first of a series of fishermen's charts of
Atlantic fishing grounds will be released by
June of this year.
"2, An Oceanographic Information Service, similar
in some respects to the Meteorological Serv-
ice, is developing on both coasts. You can
now receive weekly charts of weather, sea
state and swell, ice conditions, surface temp-
eratures, vertical temperature profiles, and
forecasts of changes in the marine climate.
With a Seafax recorder you can obtain most of
this information on a daily basis at sea. This
Information Service is already used by whale;
seal, and tuna fishermen and it is expected
that industry will soon be well aware of the in-
creased efficiency which is possible by making
much more extensive use of this Service.
Forecasting the timing and direction of ap-
proach of British Columbia salmon runs is be-
coming more imminent withour increasing
understanding of Pacific oceanography.
"3, Oceanographers are also providing information
on long-term temperature changes inour ma-
rine climate which, inturn, have important ef-
fects onour fisheries. The warmingtrend of
the late 40's and early 50's in the West Atlantic
resulted in increased catches of southern spe-
cies. The current trendto acooler Atlantic
environment is associated with relatively more
cold-water fishinlandings. These environmen-
taleffects on a fewofour largest fisheries were
recently reviewed by scientists of the Interna-
tional Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries (ICNAF), and the accumulated infor-
mation will be published by that Commission.
Fluctuations in marine climate with associated
effects on resources have also been observed
in the eastern Pacific.
"Biological Research: In the biological field, you
are particularly interested in the status of resources.
You are concerned with forecasts of the abundance of
the main stocks now cropped by industry, and you need
information on opportunities for expansion. For con-
venience, I will summarize the situation, as we see
it, moving from east to west across Canada:
"Off Labrador, the Canadian cod fishery has de-
clined during the first half of this century from big
86
Canada (Contd.):
business to a relatively low level. However, the recent
development of a large international trawler fishery off
Labrador has been accompanied by a growing Canadian
interest in the potential for renewed Canadian exploita-
tion of these resources. A year ago this month the
A. T. Cameron had 100 European trawlers within a ten-
mile radar range fishing cod. This was some 200 miles
offshore on Hamilton Inlet Bank, where the cod were at
depths of 120 to 180 fathoms. By autumn, cod were
still abundant, but in shoaler water. There are sever-
al good year-classes of young cod in the Labrador area,
and it is expected that large commercial catches will
be taken there during the next few years. Large catch-
es of redfish, grey sole and shrimp are also available
in deep water off Labrador.
"The new gill-net fishery for cod in Newfoundland
is still very profitable, but rather insecure Since it is
based on stocks of large, old fish. The general rule
for fisheries is that intensive exploitation reduces fish
sizes and availability. Average catch per net at Tre-
passey, one of the key gill-net areas, decreased from
770 pounds in 1961 to 660 pounds in 1962 and 510
pounds in 1963. The cod resource along the east coast
of Newfoundland is intensively fished by Canada and
Several European countries. Large Canadian trawlers
might be well advised to exploit deep-water concentra-
tions of Newfoundland cod during late winter and spring
months, but this would probably not produce any large
increase in total landings of inshore and offshore New-
foundland cod.
"The appearance of occasional big year-classes of
haddock in the Newfoundland area has resulted in a
valuable but very unstable haddock fishery. The last
large year-classes of 1955 and 1956 were cropped
quickly by the international trawler fleet. Haddock
catches have been reduced to a very low level, and
surveys give no indication of good recruitment to re-
vive this fishery during the next few years.
"Large stocks of small ocean perch (redfish) and
plaice flounders are available as alternate resources
for trawlers. Herring and capelin might also be taken
in large quantities if marketing problems can be re-
solved.
"Tt is worth noting here that we are very much in-
terested in experimental introductions of new species.
This fall, we will be looking for returns from the 1962
transplant of 23 million pink salmon eggs to southeast=-
ern Newfoundland. An appreciably larger transplant
is planned for this autumn.
"The fisheries of Nova Scotia and southern New
Brunswick should continue to expand. Year-round ac-
cess to a large variety of fast-growing species offers
assurance of healthy fisheries. In Nova Scotia, indus-
try has been shifting attention from the northeast to
the southwest for haddock, scallops, swordfish, and
tuna, and this trend is expected to continue. Good re-
cruitment of year-classes will maintain the haddock
fishery; scallop landings are levelling off but they
should continue to be high in 1964 if prices are good
enough to sustain high effort; increased landings of
porbeagle sharks, tunas and skipjacks are expected.
Canadian fishermen will eventually follow the lead of
the United States and U.S.S.R. and use small-mesh ot-
ter trawls to catch small species such as herring,
whiting, and ‘argentines',
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
"The resources of the Gulf of St. Lawrence are be-
ing intensively fished by fishermen from 5 Atlantic
Provinces and about 5 other countries. Our studies of
cod in the southwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence show that
this stock is fished as intensively as any known cod
stock. The average fish size has been greatly reduced
and the catch-per-unit of effort has decreased. We be-
lieve that increased effort will not appreciably increase
the total catch. We expect that dragger operations will
be maintained by fishing for a longer season outside the
Gulf and by shifting good-weather effort to the north-
eastern half of the Gulf where cod, a few new year-
classes of ocean perch, and a deep-water concentration
of small shrimps are available to industry.
"Lobsters are very intensively fished. In the south-
ern Gulf, the fishery now takes as much as 90 percent
of the marketable stock, and this heavy fishing has re-
duced the proportion of large lobsters to only 3 percent
in Northumberland Strait. No major increase in land-
ings is possible, but profits could be increased by great~
ly reducing fishing effort. Costs of handling and shipping
can also be reduced, and a bulletin for your guidance on
this subject is in press.
“Oyster rehabilitation is proceeding satisfactorily,
except at Shippegan, and current development of oyster
hatchery operations should lead to increased produc-
tion.
"Catches of Atlantic grilse salmon improved in1963,
but the hazards of forest spraying, mine pollution, and:
commercial exploitation as far away as Greenland do
not offer much hope for further increases in the Ca-
nadian catch of Gulf salmon.
"In the Great Lakes area we have been carrying out
the Canadian share of an international experiment to
assess the possibilities of controlling sea lampreys,
and thereby build up lake trout production to former
levels. After eight years the lamprey population of
Lake Superior has been reduced by about 80 percent
through use of chemicals, and the trout are showing
some Signs of recovery. The big question yet to be
examined is the relation of high control costs to bene-
fits.
"In the Prairies we have followed up on our experi-
ment in biological control of the Triaenophorus cysts
which restrict exports of whitefish and lake herring.
In a small lake, the life cycle was broken by intensive-
ly fishing pike down to sizes which were too small to
eat infected fish. The pike have completely recovered
and the cysts have not reappeared. A pilot-plant ex-
periment on a commercial lake now appears to be in
order.
Ic
"Inthe Prairies and Northwest Territories we think},
that a much greater production of whitefish and lake ,
trout can be taken. We hope to carry out an experiment
with the provinces to test this hypothesis. Initially it
is proposed that quotas on a few commercial whitefish
lakes will be deliberately changed to see what happens.
Industry cooperation will be needed if this commercial
experiment is to be effective.
"The Arctic offers a very limited production of
arctic char, lake trout, whitefish, lake herring, western
sea herring, and a few species of marine mammals.
Native fishermen, of course, have priority in the ex-
ploitation of those species.
December 1964
Canada (Contd.):
"In British Columbia immediate prospects for high
landings of presently exploited species are not very
bright, but the long-term picture is encouraging.
"The 1964 runs of salmon to the Fraser and Skeena
Rivers are expected to offer little surplus over num-
bers required for spawning escapement. However, if
management and increased fish-culture operations are
carried out, the long-term prospects for increased
salmon production are good.
"The halibut resource is fully used. Quotas for
1964 have been reduced in Area 2, and no long-term
increase in landings can be expected.
"The cod fishery depends on 1 or 2 age groups and
as a result it is rather unstable. Catches are expected
to continue to improve in 1964. Petrale sole landings
should also be higher this year. Southern groundfish
resources are almost fully used, but ocean perch, oth-
er rockfishes, and shrimp offer possibilities for in-
creased trawler landings from the Gulf of Alaska. Fish-
eries for tuna, saury and pomfret could be developed.
"The large herring fishery should become more
valuable if herring can be used more for human food.
"Inshore fishing for invertebrates will gradually in-
crease. Greater crops of butter clams, razor clams,
small abalone, and oysters can be taken. Oyster pro-
duction will be high again in 1964 as a result of the
tremendous natural seeding in 1958; but a decline is
expected in a year or two, which will only be remedied
by returning to farming procedures.
"In summary, although many of our fisheries re-
sources are fully used, we still have many opportuni-~
ties for wiser use of the stocks now fished and for de-
velopment of new fisheries to meet the ever-increas-
ing demand for higher landings. Production from North
American waters is still low compared with the north-
west Pacific or the Northeast Atlantic, where large
human populations make heavy demands on marine pro-
duction for food. You can be optimistic about the avail-
ability of resources for continued expansion of Canadi-
an fisheries.
"Our research programs are partly designed to pro-
vide increasingly useful predictions to meet your re~
quirements for resource information,
"Technological Research: ...Our most important
problem in marketing of fishery products is quality-
control. Long-term programs have defined the condi-
tions necessary to minimize physical and chemical de-
terioration of fish after capture. The importance of
rapid cooling, proper handling, low-temperature stor-
age and shipping conditions, and high sanitary stand-
ards are well know and application of this knowledge
is gradually being put into effect.
"We are now devoting a considerable amount of at-
tention to effects of conditions and activities of fish
prior to capture on the quality of fisheries products.
Fish processors have long recognized that sea-fresh
fish are not necessarily top quality fish. Our work in
this field is defining and forecasting variations in
quality of fish at capture, and exploring means of avoid-
ing or treating low quality fish.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
87
"Spent fish are soft, and slow recovery from this
condition results in jelly fillets and summer 'drip' as
high as 15 percent. Since fish are commonly concen-
trated at spawning time, landings are sometimes high-
est when sea-fresh quality is not at its best.
A Canadian mobile laboratory (mounted on a truck-trailer assembly) used for
technological studies.
ment.
Shows central work area with various items of equipe
"Diet of fish has important effects on their odors
and flavors. The 'Blackberry' condition found in in-
shore Labrador cod is an important case in point. The
pteropod in cod food produces a very objectionable
dimethyl sulphide odor in the affected fish. We are ex-
ploring possibilities of treating the fillets. A similar
situation, though less severe, has been noted in the
fuel-oil odor which has been observed at times in can-
ned chum salmon, The iodine or muddy flavor occasion-
ally found in flounders is also attributed to feeding con-
ditions prior to capture. Such problems are exagger-
ated by holding noneviscerated fish for processing.
"If fish are left dead in gill nets they will deteriorate
very rapidly, particularly at summer water tempera-
tures. Studies of this type of quality deterioration dem-
onstrate the importance of frequent gear lifts, and rap-
id cooling of fish by gill netters.
"We are learning that freezing of cod in prerigor
condition produces mealy meat. This is a problem to
be faced in freezing otter-trawl or trap-caught cod
immediately after capture. Work is continuing on the
advantages of freezing fish in rigor.
"The Board has pioneered in the development of
antibiotics to inhibit bacteria! spoilage. Two bulletins
are available describing how they can be properly used.
Tetracycline antibiotics are used effectively on the At-
lantic coast, and intelligent application elsewhere is
desirable.
"Low concentrations of polyphosphates appear to
have some advantages over brine dips in maintaining
texture, retarding oxidative rancidity, and reducing
thaw 'drip'. However, commercial tests have not been
consistent, and we have reservations about application
by industry. Use is legal in the United States but not in
Canada.
"There is a good deal of interest in the possible use
of Cobalt-60 irradiation pasteurization to extend shelf
life of fish. Low doses, 75,000 rads, double the shelf
life of iced scallops and haddock fillets, from about 12
to 25 days. Heavier doses increase shelf life still fur-
ther, but they also produce undesirable tastes and odors.
88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Canada (Contd.):
Use of irradiation is still expensive and controversial,
but approval of its use by the United States Army for
bacon, and the construction of a commercial test unit
for fish at Gloucester indicates that you should keep
your eyes on developments in this field. Our current
irradiation studies are on lobster meat.
"Freeze-drying is being studied. The major prob-
lem is still with texture, but potential use for shredded
or cubed fish in such products as dehydrated soups is
worth watching.
"High quality fish-protein concentrates has been
produced by the Board, and samples are being tested
by several firms interested in high protein additives
to foods, but to date application has not gone beyond
the pilot-plant stage in Canada,
"Research on fish oils is demonstrating their use-
fulness for food products, detergents, and additives to
lubricating oils. Canada imported 50 million pounds
of oils in 1962 and this might well be reduced. A Board
process for converting fish oils to methyl esters is now
being used by a United States firm for processing men-
haden oil. It is quite suitable for a large-scale Canadi-
an herring reduction operation.
"We will soon have a bulletin available on specialty
products which can be produced from some of our un-
derexploited fresh-water fishes. Fish sausages and
wieners, or canned and smoked products, can be made
to meet market demands. Competition with smoked
meat, and specialty fish products from overseas, ap-
pears to be blocking application in Canada.
"A current Board project shows that vacuum canning
facilitates removal of water from such products as her-
ring, and undesirable volatile components are readily
drawn off. An added advantage is that the more rapid
cooling during precooking shortens processing time.
"Finally, I should mention the recent distribution to
industry of our circular on botulism. It is hoped that
the document will serve to place this problem in its
proper perspective, and allay some of the fears recent-
ly associated with marketing of fresh-water fish.
"Future Communication: I would like to conclude
with three specific proposals for improved Canada-
first research-industry communication:
"Firstly, the Information Service of the Department
of Fisheries might employ an officer who would spend
his full-time writing up research results in language
and format which are more attractive to industry than
the dry jargon of scientists.
"Secondly, the Board might employ a senior techno-
logical research scientist in each major area of the
country with the full-time assignment of rapid authori-
tative communication of research results to industry,
and industry problems to scientists.
"And Thirdly, the Fisheries Council might give con-
sideration to action required by industry if it is to keep
well informed concerning the increasingly voluminous
research information which can be applied.'' (Bulletin
Kk KOK OK
Vol. 26, No. 12
SALMON AND TROUT RESTOCKING
PROGRAM IN QUEBEC:
The four fish hatcheries of the Department
of Tourism, Fish and Game, Province of Que-
bec, have been grouped under one administra-
tion to intensify the restocking program of
Quebec's lakes and streams, in an effort to
improve fishing conditions. That section of
the Wildlife Branch is now called the Restock-
ing Division, and the four stations at Saint-
Faustin, Tadoussac, Gaspe, and the Eastern
Townships are charged with the responsibility
of improving and increasing the fishing stock
in all parts of the Province.
Another phase of the work is selling of
part of the yearly production of eggs to priv-
ate hatcheries. Eight species of fish arebred:
speckled trout, brown trout, rainbow trout,
lake trout, and moulac (splake) trout; salmon,
ouananiche, and maskinonge. The speckled
trout alone comprise 63 percent of the gross
production, salmon about 27 percent, and the
other species a little more than 10 percent.
In 1962 and 63, the Restocking Division of
the Department sold 3,469,000 speckled trout
eggs, 112,500 lake trout eggs, and 139,000
salmon eggs. Some 700,000 Atlantic salmon
eggs have been exchanged with or given to
foreign countries. Early in 1964, the Minis-
ter of Tourism, Fish and Game, offered in the
name of the Province of Quebec, a gift of
50,000 salmon eggs to the Federation départ-
mentale des Associations Frangaises de
Péche et de Pisciculture des Cétes-du-Nord.
The French Federation received the eggs in
a very healthy condition and they were plant-
ed in the rivers of Britanny, close to Saint=
Malo.
There is alarge demandin Europe and the
United States for Atlantic salmon eggs and the
Canadian Restocking Division exchanges them
for brown and rainbow trout eggs. (The At-
lantic Salmon Journal, June 1964, No. 2.
OK KOK Ok
SECTION OF BAY OF FUNDY REOPENED
TO HERRING SEINERS:
A large section of the New Brunswick side
of the Bay of Fundy, which had been closed to
herring Sseiners during the summer months
and was to have remained closed until Novem-
ber 15, 1964, has been reopened for those op=
erations, announced the Canadian Fisheries
Minister on October 8. The area concerned
lies in a northwesterly direction from a line
December 1964
Canada (Contd.):
connecting Split Rock, in Saint John County,
to Gannet Rock Light, which is south of Grand
Manan Island in Charlotte County, but does
not include Passamaquoddy Bay, north of
Campobello and Bliss Islands. This smaller
area is permanently closed to herring seiners.
Te
BASIN
A woeala}
OCEAN
10} 16 20 30 40
STATUTE MILES
°
enh SABLE IS.
The Fisheries Minister stated that full
analysis had been given to the situation and
that the decision to reopen the area at an
earlier date had been made after complete
consideration of all factors involved. (Ca-
nadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Oc-
tober 8, 1964.)
Ceylon
YUGOSLAV-BUILT FISHING
TRAWLER DELIVERED:
The first of 5 Yugoslav-built fishing trawl-
ers was delivered this past fall to Ceylon.
The trawlers, which reportedly will cost about
US$210,000 each were the subject of a Cey-
lonese-Yugoslav long-term loan agreement
signed in September 1962. The delivery dates
of the remaining four trawlers was not known.
cain States Embassy, Colombo, October 2,
1964,
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 58.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
89
Chile
NEW FISH MEAL FACTORY PLANNED:
A new $1.5 million fish meal plant in Iqui-
que is planned by a Chilean manufacturing
company which has previously concentrated
on paper and pulp interests. The Chilean
firm is reported to have received an offer
from a Danish company to provide equipment
for the new plant under the following terms:
15 percent down with the balance payable in
semiannual installments over the 5-year pe-
riod following shipment of plant materials
and equipment. No bank guarantee would be
required. A German firm is said to have
made a similar offer. (United States Embas-
sy, Santiago, September 22, 1964.)
NYS)
Congo-Brazzaville
FISHERIES EXPANSION
BEING CONSIDERED:
The commercial fishing and fish market-
ing activity of Congo-Brazzaville is centered
at that country's seaport city of Pointe-Noire.
There are two fish-freezing-canning plants in
the city, one of which is financed by a United
States tuna-packing
firm in association
withtwo French com~
panies. The United
States-French com~-
bine operates a
14,000-tontuna freez-
ing and temporary
cold-storage plant.
Another separate
firm (French) cans
tuna and pilchard,
CONGO
(Brozzeville)
The Congo-Braz-
zaville total fish catch in 1963 amounted to
7,694 metric tons. Sardines are caught off
its coast, as well as tuna and pilchard.
It appears that Pointe-Noire is thought in
some quarters to be a suitable site for addi-
tional fishing and canning facilities and the
Congo-Brazzaville Government has empha~-
sized the need for further economic expan-
sion in that area. (United States Embassy,
Brazzaville, October 2, 1964.)
90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Costa Rica
FISHERIES TRENDS,
THIRD QUARTER 1964:
Pacific Shrimp Fishery: A leading Costa
Rican shrimp firm, based at Puntarenas on
the west coast, has increased its shrimp
fleet to 10 vessels. The firm also buys
shrimp at auction from several independent
vessels. The company (which has the par-
ticipation of a United States investor) exports
frozen shrimp to the United States, mainly
through Miami, Fla. The firm recently re-
ceived a 6-ton shipment of semiautomatic
grading and processing equipment, and is
also installing increased refrigeration facili-
ties in its plant on the Puntarenas Estuary.
Pier at Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Two other shrimp firms are located on
Costa Rica's Pacific coast. Most of their
production is for the domestic market, any
surplus being sold to the Puntarenas export-
ing firm described above. It is estimated
that, on the average, 30 vessels fish for
shrimp on Costa Rica's west coast. There
is considerable variation in the fleet as ves-
sels move from one fishery to another.
Caribbean Spiny Lobster Fishery: The
spiny lobster fishing industry of Limon
Province on Costa Rica's east coast depends
on the movements of a migratory spiny lob-
ster species (Panulirus argus). Between
September and January, gravid females ar-
rive along the coast. They are protected by
conservation measures. The Costa Rican
spiny lobster season in the Caribbean opens
when male spiny lobsters start to arrive in
October. They arrive from the north, ap-
parently following the ocean currents pre-
vailing during that time of year. The main
harvest lasts from November to February
and ordinarily by the middle of March the
last spiny lobsters have departed. The size
of the migratory population appears to fol-
low a cyclical trend, but no accurate data
is available to establish the cycle and pre-
dict future harvests.
Recently a French firm applied to Costa
Rica for permission to fish for spiny lob-
Vol. 26, No. 12
sters off the Costa Rican east coast, using
ocean-going vessels with nets. The company
planned to use 3 vessels ranging from 250 to
300 tons. There was strong opposition from
local fishermen, and the request of the French
firm was denied by the Government of Costa
Rica.
In early fall 1964, large numbers of spiny
lobsters were arriving off Limon, stirring
optimism about the 1964/65 season.
Marine Turtles: A Japanese visitor was
in Costa Rica in early 1964 studying the pos-
sibility of expanding the marine turtle fishery.
Two new Costan Rican companies were form-
ed to participate in the turtle fishery, and the
Japanese visitor returned to Japan, reported=-
ly to interest Japanese investors in the two
companies. (United States Embassy, San Jose,
October 2, 1964.)
Cuba
EXPANDED FISHERIES CLAIMED
RESULT OF SOVIET AID: ;
The Second Session of the joint Soviet-
Cuban Fisheries Commission opened in Mos-
cow, September 1, 1964. According to the So-
viet Fisheries Minister, who was the principal
speaker, the Cuban fishing industry has now
been established and is showing excellent re-
sults, with fishery landings almost doubled
in a few years. He also mentioned the de-
velopment, with Soviet help, of a deep-sea
fishing fleet and the newly-built processing
plants that will make it possible to handle
the increased catch and satisfy the Cuban de-
mand for fishery products.
December 1964
Cuba (Contd.):
The meetings of experts which followed the
opening session discussed mainly the increas~-
ed cooperation in the field of fisheries be-
tween Cuba and the Soviet Union during 1965,
The most important decisions made at those
meetings were:
1, The Soviet Union will make available
to Cuban scientists all reports on its fishery
research in the Atlantic Ocean,
2. In 1965, two modern fishery research
vessels will be sent to Cuba,
3. Over 70 Soviet fishery specialists will
go to Cuba to instruct in various phases of
the fishing industry.
4, About 100 Cuban students will be sent
to the Soviet Union to study in Soviet univer-
sities and specialized fishery schools.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964; June
1963 p. 68.
Denmark
COPENHAGEN FISHERIES TRADE FAIR
HELD IN SEPTEMBER 1964;
The Fifth International Fisheries Trade
Fair (sponsored by the Danish fishing indus-
try) was held September 11-20, 1964, in Co-
penhagen, The products displayed by 200 ex-
hibitors from 14 countries ranged from elec-
tronic fish-detectors to plastic fish contain-
ers. Manufacturers of marine motors and
fishing nets had the largest number of exhib-
its at the Fair. A Swedish manufacturer gave
floor demonstrations of several fish-process-
ing machines, including one for filleting her-
ring. That 2-man machine is said to have a
capacity per minute of 250-300 herring (size
64 to 103 inches).
The Association of Fish Exporters of Den-
mark set up a special desk at the Fair to
give visitors information regarding Danish
fishery products for export,
The Fair attracted more buyers from Ger-
many, Norway, and Denmark than any pre-
vious Copenhagen fisheries trade fair, although
the overall attendance of 36,578 visitors at
the Fifth International Fisheries Trade Fair
did not match that of the last fair. (Assis-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
91
tant Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe,
United States Embassy, Copenhagen, Septem -
ber 30, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 57.
a
El Salvador
FISHERIES TO BE AIDED BY
UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND:
A 13-man team of fishery experts is ex-
pected to arrive in El Salvador early in 1965
= ~ = =
G ALR BB EAT) ~ SyEtA!
CABO DE HONOURAS
a / wif?
Lies, ( =e ili
ey, TEGUCIGALPA Es
“tktttigg : oy
oats i ff &
/ a Pnypllttt
a (Poe es a)
san af 45 Z gq * F pe
are” p®
Z G
to provide technical assistance to the local
fishing industry. The teamis apart of a US$1.5
million six-year assistance program to Cen-
tral America to be financed from the United
Nations Special Fund, The program was
drawn up at the request of the Ministers of
Agriculture of the five Central American coun-
tries earlier this year, It is understood that
one of the projects to be carried out will be
an 18-months survey of deep-water shrimp
resources,
| Red Shrimp Fishery: El Salvador's Min-
ister of Economy has announced that licenses
to engage in deep-sea red=shrimp fishing will
not be granted to individuals, but only to com-
panies or corporations, The Ministry's de-
cision reportedly was based on the large in-
vestment needed to engage in red-shrimp fish-
ing. To encourage the immediate start ofsuch
a fishery, the Ministry is prepared to grant
two-year concessions to local operators to
lease United States or Mexican vessels, After
the two-year trial period, the local companies
are expected to be in a position to acquire
their own vessels or equipment,
According to a Ministry official, there is
considerable investor interest, both local and
foreign, in a red-shrimp industry.
92
El Salvador (Contd.):
Tuna Fishery: The El Salvador Govern-
ment has been disappointed at the lack of pro-
gress in developing a local tuna fishing indus=
try. Although a considerable number of local
investors had applied for and been granted li-
censes to engage in tuna fishing, no such fish-
ing had been done as of this past fall, and
most of the licenses granted expired or be-
came invalid because of noncompliance with
the terms of issuance which required the be-
ginning of tuna fishing within six months after
authorization,
The Government feels that one reason for
the lack of progress is the high cost of the
vessel and equipment needed for tuna fishing.
Another reason may be the lack of facilities
to handle and process the tuna that might be
caught. There have been rumors from time
to time of the establishment of tuna-canning
facilities in the country, but nothing has mate-
rialized. In this connection, however, the
Salvadoran Industrial Development Institute
(INSAFI) conducted and completed a market
and feasibility study for a tuna canning oper-
ation and positive developments may be forth-
coming,
Fresh-Water Fishery: This past July, the
Pisciculture Section of the Ministry of Agri-
culture released a little over 4,000 Tilapia
mozambica in El Salvador's three principal
rivers,
There were some reports that there was a
shortage of fish in Lake Coatepeque and that
it created an economic hardship to some 300
to 400 fishermen who earn their livelihood
from the lake. Supposed spokesmen for the
fishermen reported that the fish catch in the
lake has been declining steadily since the Gov-
ernment planted about 400 Mojarra azul (Ci-
chlasoma guttulatum) about five years ago.
The spokesmen recommended that the Gov-
Sauer cise plant Guapote tigre (Chichlesone ma-
naguense) and Lobina negra (Micropteros
salmoides) instead, The Government insists
that the fish it planted is not carnivorous and
that the two species recommended are,
The controversy was reported to be basi-
cally the old one of sport fishing versus com-
mercial fishing. The so-called spokesmen
for the fishermen did not gain their livelihood
from fishing, it was reported, and were inter-
ested in having the lake stocked with game
fish for their own personalbusiness reasons.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
The Government was said to have produced
several fishermen who said they make a rea-
sonable living catching and sellingthe Mojarra
azul, There was no overall shortage of fis
in the lake, they said, just a shortage of game
fish. (United States Embassy, San Salvador,
September 30, 1964.)
Fiji Islands
EX-VESSEL TUNA PRICES
AT JAPANESE BASE:
The following ex-vessel prices as of early
October 1964 were being paid for top quality
long-line caught tuna landed at the Japanese
tuna base located at Levuka, Fiji Islands:
GE Ee
/Kq. | US$/Short Ton
110 277
Yellowfin (gilled & qutted):
Small (10-36 kg.}/ .....
eee (36-45 Kg. as
La
BigEeged (Gales e gutted).
over 15 k
Bluefin (gilled & gutted) .
1/22-79 lbs.
2/7999 lbs.
3/Over 99 lbs.
4/Over 33 lbs.
The above prices were to be effective Au-
gust 12-December 31, 1964. The price of se-
cond quality fish was one-half that for top
quality fish. All prices are subject to negoti-
ation after December 31, 1964, if changes in
price structure should occur before that date
at other nearby tuna bases (e. g., American
Samoa and New Hebrides). (Suisan Keizai
Shimbun, October 11, 1964.)
De
‘it
France
HERRING IMPORTS FROM OTHER
EEC COUNTRIES SUBJECT TO
MINIMUM PRICE REGULATIONS:
complicated mechanism to withhold
French import licenses from herring offerings
from other European Economic Community
(EEC) countries, after prices in the French
market sink below a stated minimum for 3
successive days, has been established by
France (Journal Officiel, September 23, 1964).
The new system is to be in effect from Sep-
tember 23, 1964, until February 15,1965, and
may be extended for an additional period.
December 1964
France (Contd.):
In a letter to the EEC Commission, the
French Government had previously noted that
large herring imports from the other EEC
countries were disturbing the local herring
market and endangering the financial struc-
ture of the French fishing industry. It was
further noted that herring from the Nether-
lands had been offered at 0,35 French franc
per kilogram (about 3 U.S. cents a pound) free
at France's border, while the average price
for French herring varied from 0.70 to 1
franc a kilogram (6.5 to 9 cents a pound),
About 24 percent of France's herring im-
ports in 1963 were from the Netherlands, A
report of the Netherlands Ministry of Agri-
culture and Fisheries shows that Dutch ex-
ports of fresh herring to France amounted to
6,200 metric tons with a value of about F1,2.4
million (US$662,000) in 1963 as compared
with exports to all countries totaling 21,748
tons worth about F1.14.7 million ($4.1 mil-
lion), Also, in 1963 the Netherlands exported
to France 4,433 tons of salted herring valued
at Fl.2.7 million ($745,000), and 1,468 tons of
mackerel worth F1.617,000 ($170,000).
The new price maintenance and import
regulation program will probably be confined
to herring, because French fishermen are not
as sensitive to imports ofother species, Tuna,
for example, is importedin sizable quantities,
but it is more easily absorbed by the local
market. Another reason that the French Gov-
ernment might be reluctant to extend the pro-
gram is that herring enter France only at
Boulogne-Sur-Mer, and thus price control
services need be established only at that port.
However, extending the scheme to include
other fish, and thus other ports of entry and
sale, would require a new government serv=
ice to observe and control prices; an oper-
ation considered technically feasible but very
expensive to administer, (United States Em-
bassy, Paris, October 15, 1964, and United
States Embassy, The Hague, September 15,
1964.)
‘Notes: (1) Netherlands florin (or guilder) 3.613 equal US$1.00.
(2) French franc 4.90 equal US$1,00.
Kok KK ok
FRANCE SETS MINIMUM PRICES
ON HERRING IMPORTS:
The French Government recently inform-
ed the European Economic Community Com-
mission (EEC) and its five EEC partners that
starting September 21, 1964, minimum prices
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
93
for imported herring would be applied, Ina
letter to the EEC Commission, the French
; Government noted that large herring imports
from the other EEC countries were disturb-
ing the local herring market and endangering
the financial structure of the French fishing
industry. It was further noted that herring
from the Netherlands had been offered at0.35
French franc per kilogram (about 3 U.S, cents
a pound) free at France's border, while the
average price for French herring varied from
0.70 to 1 franc a kilogram (about 6.5 to 9 cents
a pound),
About 24 percent of France's herring im-
ports in 1963 were from the Netherlands, A
report of the Netherlands Ministry of Agri-
culture and Fisheries shows that Dutch ex-
ports of herring to France amounted to 6,200
metric tons witha value ofabout F1.2.4 mil-
lion (US$662,000) in 1963 as compared with ex-
ports to all countries totaling 21,748 tons
worth about F1,14.7 million ($4.1 million), Al-
so, in 1963 the Netherlands exported to France
4,433 tons of salted herring valued at F1.2.7
million ($745,000), and 1,468 tons of macker-
el worth F1,617,000 ($170,000),
The Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture
and Fisheries had not yet received the French
"declaration of intent'' and was unable to com-
ment on which products would be affected by
the French move,
Note: One Florin or guilder equals $0,276.
One French franc equals $0.204.
German Democratic Repubic
FISHING FLEET PLANNED
FOR ATLANTIC FISHERIES:
e Institute of High Sea Fishing at Ros-
tock-Marienehe in East Germany has begun
intensive scientific preparations aimed at an
early entry of the East German fishing fleet
into the Northwest and Southwest Atlantic
"Tropik"-class large stern trawler and freezer.
94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
German Democratic Republic (Contd.):
fisheries. As the basis for this work, the In-
stitute is relying heavily on Soviet and Polish
scientific fishery literature dealing with those
two Atlantic fishing areas. (Le Marin, August
28, 1964.) ve
East Germany's delivery of 65 "Tropik"
class vessels (stern trawlers and freezers)
for the Soviet Union is to be completed by
1965. From available information, it seems
that Hast Germany will continue the construc-
tion of ''Tropik''-class fishing vessels for her
own fleet, after fulfilling the contract with the
Soviets. )
Ghana
LARGE TRAWLER BUILT BY JAPAN:
The first of 10 stern trawlers contracted
for delivery to a Ghana fishing corporation
was completed at a shipyard in Japan. It is
being equipped for its maiden voyage at the
port of Tobata. The 1,980-gross-ton vessel
will be manned by 25 Japanese nationals who
will train Ghanaian nationals in the vessel's
operation and in fishing techniques.
The vessel's specifications are: length--
72 meters (236 feet); beam--12.5 meters (41
feet); speed--14,6 knots.
The second trawler for delivery to Ghana
was scheduled for completion in late Novem-
ber 1964, (Minato Shimbun, October 13,1964.)
Note: Earlier press reports indicated Ghana had contracted for
delivery of twelve 1,800-ton trawlers.
Greece
FREEZER-TRAWLER LANDINGS
AND FISHERY TRENDS, JULY 1964:
Landings: The Greek fleet of refrigerated
trawlers and carrier vessels operating in the
Atlantic landed 2,335 metric tons of frozen
fish in Greek ports in July 1964. That was
about the same as the 2,343 tons landed in June
1964, but much above the 801 tons landed in
July 1963.
Greek frozenfishlandings during January-
July 1964 amounted to 11,985 tons, compared
Vol. 26, No. 12
RG 0s
As) q ALGERIA
oo
NF
with landings of 10,396 tons inthe same period
of 1963, and 8,672 tons in the first 7 months
of 1962.
Atlantic Explorator pe Project:
It has been reported that the Fisheries epart-
ment of the Greek Government will charter a
freezer-trawler for exploratory fishing in the
Atlantic. The Greek Government will contrib-
ute Dr 2.5 million (US$83,333) of the Dr 3.0
million ($100,000) needed for the exploratory
operation, The remaining Dr 0.5 million
($16,667) will be contributed by the Greek
freezer-trawler companies. A primary ob-
jective of the project is to locate new trawling
grounds. (Alieia, August 1964.)
Notes: (1) Greek drachma 30.0 equals US$1.00.
(2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov. 1964 p, 84.
Greenland
FISHING RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNED WITH FAROE ISLANDS:
Revision of the fisheries agreement be-
tween the local governments of Greenland and
the Faroe Islands was signed in Godthaab,
NORTH POLE
CaRcTic ciRSLE. — ~~
ICELAND
FAROE 1S.- %e,
ee all
y
4 CANADA:
ATLANTIC OCEAN GREATA.
TA
- BRI
2 NEWFOUNDLAND
December 1964
Greenland (Contd.):
Greenland, on September 19, 1964, The rev-
ision grants the Faroese the rights to estab-
lish and maintain until 1975 another fisheries
station in East Greenland and continues the
present rights of Greenlanders to fish in Far-
oese waters,
The new agreement falls far short of meet-
ing the demands of the two parties. The Green-
landers originally insisted that the Faroese
should close their fisheries stations in Green-
land and land their catches at the new local
Greenland fish plants, while the Faroese want-
ed fishing rights in Greenland waters equal to
those granted resident vessels. Both demands
were dropped in the final agreement, (United
States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 23,
1964)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 57,
pen
HERRING EX-VESSEL PRICES SET:
Effective October 1, 1964, minimum ex-
Iceland
vessel prices for south and west coast herring|{
were set by the Icelandic Fishing Industries
Price Committee as follows:
(1) Herring for freezing, salting, and fillet-
ing--Kr.1.70 per kilo (1.79 U.S. cents
per pound),
(2) Iced herring for export or for canning--
Kr.1.55 per kilo (1.63 U.S. cents per
pound),
(3) Herring for reduction--Kr,1.02 per kilo
(1.07 U.S. cents per pound),
(4) Herring for animal feed--Kr,1.25 per
kilo (1.32 U.S. cents per pound),
The prices are for herring delivered to
transport vehicles at dockside. In the case of
herring for reduction, vessel owners are ask-
ed to deliver the catch directly to the factory,
and they receive a small additional payment to
cover transportation charges.
In addition to the above minimum prices,
the price for small herring (5-19 herring per
kilo) caught from March 1 to September 30,
1965, for freezing was fixed at Kr.1.27 per
kilo (1.34 U.S, cents per pound),
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
95
The new prices represent a considerable
change from 1963, The comparable minimum
ex-vessel price in 1963 for herring for salting
was Kr.1.42 per kilo (1.50 U.S, cents per pound)
and for herring for filleting it was Kr.1.12 per
kilo (1.18 U.S, cents per pound), The ex-ves-
sel price for herring for freezing in 1963 was
Kr.1.84 per kilo (1.94 U.S. cents per pound),
The 1964 freezing price is down 7,6 percent
from the previous year, but the 1964 salting
and filleting prices are considerably above
comparable 1963 prices, (United States Em-
bassy, Reykjavik, October 6, 1964.)
Note: Icelandic Kronur 43,06 equal US$1,00.
FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL
SPECIES, JANUARY-MAY 1964:
aS ee Eee EE EEE
: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are
drawn weight,
Source: Aegir, September 1, 1964.
OK OK OK OK
FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL
SPECIES, JANUARY-JUNE 1964
anuary -june
MV
194, 663
26,003
6, 810
3, 851
10,942
drawn weight.
Source: Hagtidindi, September 1964
96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
Iceland (Contd.):
UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS,
JANUARY-MAY 1964:'
How Utilized
Oil and meal
Freezing ....
Salting .....-.
Fresh onice ....
Groundfish 2/ for:
Fresh on ice ....eee
Freezing and filleting. .
SaltingW. ee) 1s) «licens
Stockfish (dried unsalted).
Canning. ».......e-
Home consumption .
Oil and meal....
Capelin for:
Freezing. « .e«
Oil and meal. .
Freshonice ,
Freezing. . .
1/ Whole fish.
2/ Drawn fish.
Source: Aeqir, September 1, 1964
% ok oe ok
UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS,
JANUARY-JUNE 1964;
How Utilized
» - (Metric Tons). .
Oil and meal. . . 146,766 103, 216
Freezing. .. . « 11,161 19, 153
Salting ..... A 3,231 7,475
Fresh on ice .. - 5,617
Groundfish 2/ for:
Fresh on ice ....e.
Freezing and filleting
Saltindgnrevamenate ene
Stockfish (dried unsalted) .
(CEmnmels Gob obo oda
Home consumption. . . «
Oiland meal. .....e.
Crustacea for:
Onjice =... 2...
Exeezingewelanel enone
Canning. .....-.
1/ Whole fish.
2/ Drawn fish,
Source: Haqtidindi, September 1964
Italy
ATLANTIC FISHING FLEET, 1964:
Early in 1964, the Italian fishing fleet op-
erating in the Atlantic consisted of 51 ves-
sels, according to the Federazione Nazionale
delle Imprese di Pesca. The Italian Atlantic
fleet had a combined gross tonnage of about,
24,400 tons. It included 5 vessels of over
1,000 grosstons (totaling 7,500 tons); 10 ves-
sels of from 500 to 1,000 gross tons (totaling
6,400 tons); and 36 vessels under 500 gross
tons (totaling 10,500 tons).
‘
‘
BY 4
Typical Italian trawler that fishes in the Atlantic. Larger ones
have been built in recent years.
In 1964, Halian shipyards were reported to
be building for the Atlantic fleet an additional
16 vessels with a combined gross tonnage of
6,500 tons. The new construction includes 4
freezer-trawlers being built in Viareggio and
2 tuna vessels being built in Venice.
New Freezer-Trawlers: The 4 freezer-
trawlers being built at Viareggio have the
following characteristics: length overall 57.46
meters (188.5 feet), length between perpen-
diculars 50.55 meters (165.8 feet), draft with
full load 3.7 meters (12.1 feet), size of re-
frigerated hold 500 cubic meters (654 cubic
yards), and gross tonnage 499 tons. Each ves-
sel will have a1,065-horsepower engine which
will give a speed of 12.5 knots.
The 4 freezer-trawlers are designed to op-
erate intropical waters. They will each have
a -40° C, (-40° F.) quick-freezing plant with
a potential capacity of 15 tons every 24 hours,
and a cold-storage hold with temperature of
-25° C, (-130 F.). They are also equipped
with electrical winches, 2 echo-sounders,
radiotelephone, and a radar set with a radius
of 50 miles. Each vessel has air-conditioned
quarters for a crew of 36.
The first of the new Viareggio freezer-
trawlers was launched April 9, 1964. Pre-
fabricated construction methods are speeding
the completion of the other three.
New Tuna Vessels: The new Atlantic tuna
vessels being built in Venice will each have
a length of 66 meters (216.5 feet), a main
engine of 1,400 horsepower, and a gross ton-
nage of about 750 tons. (La Pesca Italiana,
December 1964
Italy (Contd.):
January and February 1964; Corriere della
Pesca, April 1964.)
KOK OK OK OK
FISH CONSUMPTION:
Consumption of fishery products in Italy
was estimated at about 5.4 kilograms (11.9
pounds) per capita in 1961 (270,000 metric
tons of fish were available for consumption,
by 50 million inhabitants). A public opinion
study by a research institute has probed further
into Italian fish-buying habits. The study was
based on a sample of 4,000 families from va-
rious regions and social groups.
Trentino Alto Adige
Friuli-Venetia Giulia
Tr eemelnia
SEA
An area sample (during an average week)
showed that 38 percent of the fish-consuming
families were in southern Italy, 18 percent in
central Italy, 19 percent in northeast Italy,
and 25 percent in northwest Italy. The high-
est rate of fishery purchases was found inthe
island Province of Sardinia. Families on
farms and in small towns had lower average
fishery purchases than families in cities.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97
The survey also showed that young house-
wives buy the most fish; half the families in
which the housewife was less than 35 were
fish consumers, but the ratio dropped to one-
third when the housewife was older. (La Pesca
Italiana, February 1964.)
Japan
FROZEN TUNA EXPORT PRICES:
Japanese frozen albacore (round) exports
from Japan proper to the United States con-
tinued slow in early October 1964, with ex-
port prices down to US$355-360 a short ton
c. &f. Japanese Atlantic-caught albacore
delivered to transshipment ports brought a-
round $295-300 a short ton.
On the other hand, the price of frozen yel-
lowfin (gilled and gutted) exported from Japan
proper to the United States held steady at
$350-355 a short tonc. & f. (Suisan Tsushin,
October 12, 1964.)
7 OK OK OK OK
EXPORT VALIDATIONS FOR
FROZEN TUNA AND TUNA LOINS TO U.S.,
JANUARY -AUGUST 1963-64:
Japan's export validations of frozen tuna and frozen tuna
loins to the United States in August 1964 totaled 12,436 short
tons. Of that total, 55 percent of the validations were for
albacore tuna, 42 percent for yellowfin, 0.5 percent for
skipjack, and 2.2 percent for tuna loins.
During January-August 1964, Japan's export approvals
amounted to 75,755 short tons, an increase of 25,227 tons
Japan's Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U.S,
January-August 1964 with Comparisons
Yellowfin:
Round
Gilled & gutted;
20/100 lbs.
98
Japan (Contd.):
or 49.9 percent as compared with 50,528 tons exported dur-
ing the same period in 1963. Ona species basis albacore
exports were up 82.2 percent, yellowfin 25 percent, skipjack
20.7 percent, and tuna loins 40.3 percent. Big-eyed exports
were down 15.6 percent.
Frozen tuna approved for export during January-August
1964 amounted to 93.8 percent of the total exported during
the entire year in 1963. (Fisheries Attache, United States
Embassy, Tokyo, September 19, 1964.)
OK ok kk
ATLANTIC OCEAN ALBACORE TUNA
FISHERY AND MARKET TRENDS:
The Japanese albacore tuna fishery in the
Atlantic Ocean off Angola, which in past years
usually picked up in November, began excep-
tionally early this year, with excellent catch-
es reported in September 1964.
Export prices of Japanese frozen round
albacore delivered to West African ports
were reported to range from US$295-300 a
short ton. On the other hand, exports to
Yugoslavia were at $405 a metric tonc.&f.,
and to Spain $380 a metric tonc.&f. From
the standpoint of price, it is reported that it
would be more advantageous to deliver tuna
to the West African ports than to Spain. (Suis-
an Tsushin, September 25, 1964.)
2K OK OK Oe ok
TUNA MOTHERSHIP OPERATIONS
IN SOUTH PACIFIC:
A large Japanese fishing company's tuna
mothership Shinyo Maru (3,800 gross tons)
accompanied by 45 catcher vessels was
scheduled to depart Tokyo on October 3 or
4, 1964, for the tuna fishing grounds off the
Fiji Islands. The mothership's catch target
is 5,500 metric tons of tuna, spearfish, and
shark.
That same company's Yuyo Maru (5,500
gross tons) tuna mothership fleet, operating
near the Fiji Islands, was reported to have
landed 5,700 metric tons of tuna (nearly half
yellowfin tuna) and other miscellaneous fish
as of September 15, and was expected to re-
turn to its home port in Japan.
The tuna mothership Nojima Maru (8,800
gross tons) was scheduled to arrive at Kobe
on September 28. The mothership, which
commenced fishing May 26 in the vicinity of
Tahiti, produced 1,974 metric tons of round
albacore, 702 metric tons of gilled and gutted
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26,
No. 12
yellowfin, and 843 tons of tuna fillets. (Suisan
Tsushin, September 26; Suisancho Nippo, Sep=
tember 17, 1964.)
KKK KK
FISHING FIRM GRANTED LICENSE TO FSH
WITH PURSE SEINES OFF AFRICA:
A license to fish for skipjack tuna and ther
fish species off the West Coast of Africa with
purse seines was granted to a leading Japanese
fishing company, according to Japan's Fishery
Agency. In Japan, purse seines are used to
catch skipjack, sardines, mackerel, horse
mackerel, and several other species.
Operations of that fishing company will be
based at Freetown (Sierra Leone), Abidjan
December 1964
Japan (Contd.):
(Ivory Coast), and Cape Verde off North-
west Africa). Fishing will be conducted by
two vessels, the Kuroshio Maru No. 81 and
the Kuroshio Maru No. 82 (145 gross tons
each). Those vessels were en route to the
West African fishing grounds as of mid-Sep~
tember. The Chichibu Maru No. 2 (1,639
gross tons), which will act as the mothership
for the fishing vessels, was scheduled to de-
part from Japan on September 17.
It is reported that the major portion of the
skipjack tuna catch will be sold to a United
States fish packing firm, now actively en~
gaged in the purchase of fish in West Africa,
(Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy,
Tokyo, September 18, 1964.)
OR OK OK OK
INDIAN OCEAN TUNA TRANSSHIPMENT
PORTS DESIGNATED:
Durban, South Africa, and Port Louis,
Mauritius Island, were formally designated
as transshipment ports for the Indian Ocean
by the Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers
Association at an executive meeting in Tokyo,
October 12, 1964. Each of the two ports was
granted frozen tuna export quotas of 2,000
metric tons. (Suisancho Nippo, October 14,
1964.)
OK KKK
LONG-LINE TUNA
FISHERIES CATCH, 1963:
The 1963 catch of Japan's tuna long~-line
fisheries totaled 532,000 metric tons (0.4
percent less than in 1962) and comprised7.9
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
99
percent of total fish landings, according to
statistics released by the Fisheries Statistics
Section, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
By species, the catch of yellowfin and albacore
declined, respectively, 19,000 and 7,000 tons
while the catch of bluefin and big-eyed in-
creased, respectively, 11,000 and 3,000 tons.
By fishing grounds, the catch in the Pacific
Ocean totaled 322,000 tons (down 10,000 tons),
Atlantic Ocean 110,000 tons (up 13,000 tons),
and Indian Ocean 100,000 tons (down 24,000
er (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 7,
1964.
HOOK OK OK
UNIVERSITY'S STUDY OF ATTRACTING
DEEP-SWIMMING ALBACORE
TUNA TO SURFACE:
The Tokai University of Japan announced
in October 1964 the results of eight years of
field testing different methods of attracting
deep-swimming albacore tuna to the surface
where they can be fished with pole-and-line
gear. The study revealed that trolling a line
to which 50-60 artificial (vinyl) squid and
octopus are attached is very effective in at-
tracting albacore to the surface, even to the
stern of vessels. Hooks are not used, there-
by avoiding the danger of hooked albacore
escaping and scaring away the fish school.
There were some schools that could not be
lured to the surface without chumming with
live bait (sardines) and the laboratory is now
planning to experiment with artificial sardine
lures next year. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun,
October 9, 1964.)
a
EX-VESSEL BLUEFIN TUNA
PRICES IN NORTHERN JAPAN:
A 172-pound fresh prime bluvefin tuna land-
ed at the port of Shiogama, Miyagi Prefecture,
Japan, brought the fabulous price of 2,260 yen
a kilogram (US$5,696 a short ton). The blue-
fin was caught by a two-boat purse-seiner off
the Sanriku coast.
At Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, 150
small fresh bluefin brought prices ranging
from 500-787 yen a kilogram ($1,260-1,973 a
short ton). (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October
14, 1964.)
me kK ste oe ok
100
Japan (Contd.):
CANNED SALMON EXPORT PRICES:
The Japanese salmon mothership compa-
nies and trading firms have agreed on prices
of 118 shillings (US$16.52) a case for 48 3-
lb. cans and 140 shillings ($19.60) a case for
96 ¢-lb. eans f.o.b. Japan for canned silver:
salmon for export to Great Britain. The
price, which includes three shillings ($0.42)
for promotion, was scheduled to be formally
passed onby the Canned Salmon Sales Company
on October 18, 1964.
Reportedly, agreement was reached on an
export price of 160 shillings ($22.40) a case
(48 3-lb. cans) f.0.b. Japan for red salmon,
but formal adoption of that price was not ex-
pected until early October. (Suisan Keizai
Shimbun, September 27, 1964.
OK OK OK OK
JAPANESE CANNED SALMON
SALE TO GREAT BRITAIN:
The Japanese Canned Salmon Sales Com-
pany, on October 19, 1964, released for the
second sale to Great Britaina total of 156,000
cases of canned (fancy) red salmon, consist-
ing of about 118,000 cases of 48 $-pound cans
and 38,000 cases of 4-pound cans. Sales were
to be concluded by the end of December 1964.
Canned red salmon sales for export to Great
Britain, including the previous sale, as of mid-
Japanese Export Canned Salmon Prices,
c.i.f. Great Britain, 1964
Can and Second Sale
Case Size
(Price Per Case). ......
153/6
99/3
October totaled 550,000 cases of 48 $-pound
cans and 200,000 cases of 4-pound cans.
(Suisan Tsushin, October 20, 1964.)
OK OK OK
POSTPONEMENT REQUESTED IN
SALE OF ALASKA SALMON:
Representatives of the Hokkaido (Japan)
coastal fishery operators and trap-net opera-
tors petitioned the Fisheries Agency to post-
pone the release on the Japanese market of
"poor -quality'' salted salmon purchased from
Prince William Sound, Alaska. They feared
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.12
it would adversely affect the sale of domestic-
caught salmon. Approximately 1,080 metric
tons of Alaska salmon found unsuitable for
canning (for export) were reported to have
been salted for sale on the Japanese domestic
market. (Suisan Tsushin, October 12, 1964.)
mK 3 oe OOK ok
EX-DOCK PRICE FOR CHUM SALMON:
The beach or ex-dock price of fall chum
salmon in Hokkaido, Japan, on September 15,
1964, reached a high of 500 yen a kilogram
(US$0.63 a pound) for females and 300 yena
kilogram ($0.38 a pound) for males. On Sep-
tember 17, the price declined to 470 yena
kilogram ($0.59 a pound) for females and 250
yen a kilogram ($0.32 a pound) for males.
The chum salmon are being processed as
"Aramaki'' (lightly salted salmon) for the
New Year's trade. (Minato Shimbun, Septem-
ber 29, 1964.)
Note: The fall chum salmon trap fishery in Japan begins general-
ly in mid-September and peaks in October. Female salmon com-
mand high prices because of their roe, which is highly prized in
Japan.
% OK OK OK 3k
MORE TRAWLERS TO FISH
IN GULF OF ALASKA:
The Japanese Fisheries Agency is plan-
ning on authorizing the operation of 3 to 4 ad-
ditional trawlers in the Gulf of Alaska in
1965. This will increase the Japanesetrawl
operations in the Gulf to a total of 10 vessels,
including the 6 trawlers presently authorized
to conduct experimental operations in that
area. The Agency is also planning on estab-
lishing the Gulf of Alaska trawl fishery as a
regular licensed fishery, depending on the
outcome of the Annual Meeting of the Interna-=
tional Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commis-
sion which convened in Tokyo, November 16,
1964. (Suisan Tsushin, October 12, 1964.)
OK KK Ok
BERING SEA BOTTOMFISH CATCH, 1964:
A study made by the Japan Northern Wa-
ters Bottomfish Mothership Council reveals
that the Bering Sea catch of the 14 mother~-
ship-type bottomfish fleets, as of September
20, 1964, totaled 394,000 metric tons, far ex-
ceeding the 1963 catch of 311,000 metric tons.
Alaska pollock (117,000 metric tons), flatfish
(88,000 tons), herring (42,000 tons), and rock-
fish (38,000 tons) led the landings. Catch of
halibut (2,000 tons) and sablefish (6,000 tons)
was poor as compared to other years.
December 1964
Japan (Contd.):
Typical Japanese trawler operating with the Tenyo Mam mother-
ship fleet in the Bering Sea.
Most of the 14 fleets as of late September
1964 had terminated their operations. The
motherships Tenyo Maru (11,581 gross tons),
Seifu Maru (8,269 gross tons), Itsukushima
Maru (5,871 gross tons), Taiyo Maru No, 82
(2,890 gross tons), and the Gyokuei Maru
(10,357 gross tons) were en route to Japan.
The Soyo Maru (11,192 gross tons) and the
Hoyo Maru (14,094 gross tons) were sched-
uled to depart the fishing grounds by the end
of September. Only the Chichibu Maru (7,420
gross tons), which is licensed to fish the year
round, remained on the grounds. (Suisan
Keizai Shimbun, September 25, 1964.)
So SES GEE
STERN TRAWLERS TO FISHIN BERINGSEA:
A Japanese fishing company (affiliated with
a larger fishing company) planned to dispatch
the 2,900-ton stern trawler Taiyo Maru No.
82 to the Bering Sea on November 1, 1964.
The stern trawler (accompanied by one small
trawler) was scheduled to operate between
Umnak Island and Unimak Island until the end
of December.
Another firm's newly constructed 3,500-
ton stern trawler Aso Maru (accompanied by
one 300-ton trawler) was scheduled to depart
from Tobata for the Bering Sea on October
11. That trawler is equipped with canning and
shrimp peeling equipment. (Suisancho Nippo,
sero enen 10; Minato Shimbun, September 9,
1964.
se oe see
ee eaeage ore ee
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
101
BERING SEA FISH MEAL
PRODUCTION, 1964:
The four Japanese factoryships which en-
gaged in fish-meal operations in the Eastern
Bering Sea in 1964 produced a combined total
of 49,430 metric tons of meal, exceeding their
original combined target by about 4,000 met-
ric tons. They primarily used Alaska pollock
(80 percent of raw material utilized) for meal.
herent y Lf,
gbook of the mothership Gyokuei
Typical fishing lo Mar.
Production by fleets was as follows: Gyo-
kuei Maru (10,357 gross tons)--16,000 metric
tons; Hoyo Maru (14,094 gross tons)--14,930
tons; Tenyo Maru (11,581 gross tons)--11,500
tons; and Soyo Maru (11,192 gross tons)--
7,000 tons. (Suisan Tsushin, October 13, 1964.)
OK OK KK
FIRM WITHDRAWS TRAWLER
FACTORYSHIP FROM
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC:
A large Japanese fishing company has with-
drawn from the Northwest Atlantic the 3,500-
ton trawler-factoryship Tenyo Maru No. 3.
The trawler-factoryship (accompanied by two
300-ton trawlers) operated in the Northwest
Atlantic for about one year on an experimen-
tal basis, but the owners have reached the
conclusion that factoryship-type trawl opera-
tions are unsuitable for that area. The Tenyo
Maru terminated operations on October 20,
1964, and was scheduled to arrive in Japan
around mid-December. The owners are ex-
ploring the possibility of operating several
350- to 500-ton trawlers in that region from
a fishing base in Newfoundland, Canada,
102
Japan (Contd.):
A second Japanese fishing firm (which op-
erated the stern trawler Aoi Maru, 1,386
gross tons, on an experimental basis for ap-
proximately two years) withdrew its vessel
at the end of July 1964, due to losses suffered
from that venture. The trawler was sold to
Greece and will operate in the waters off
West Africa out of Las Palmas, Canary Is-
lands. (Suisan Tsushin, October 20, 1964.)
KOA OK OK OK
NEW STERN TRAWLER FOR
AFRICAN WATERS:
A new stern trawler, the Oshika Maru
(3,000 gross tons), was completed by a Japa-
nese Shipyard and delivered to the Ojika Fish-
ermen's Production Association in Japan
which plans to operate the vessel in African
waters.
The vessel has an extensive automation
and remote control system for her main pro-
pulsion and auxiliary machinery and is Diesel-
powered for a maximum of 3,500 b. hp. Trial
runs of the vessel registered 15.94 knots per
hour. The stern-engine design of the vessel
was chosen because of certain operational ad-
vantages, such as torsional vibration of the
shaft, and also because of the fish hold capa-
city, and capacity of water and petroleum
tanks, as well as drafts at stern and bow of
the vessel.
The vessel's main dimensions are: length
between perpendiculars 285 feet 4 inches;
moulded breadth 48 feet 9 inches; moulded
depth 23 feet 5 inches; draft (designed full
load) 19 feet 7 inches. The wheelhouse has a
360° field of vision which not only enables the
men on the bridge to exercise concentrated
supervision of fishing operations but also
makes possible the observation of its trawl
winch operated from a command position
astern.
The vessel is equipped with radar and
latest type fish finder, has a loran receiver,
and various navigational instruments for safe
and efficient vessel operation. Fish holds and
processing facilities are located between
decks starting from the vessel's stern--fish
processing plant, cold-storage and freezer
room, lobby and fish holds, in that order.
Living accommodations for the crew are in
the forward area of the upper deck. (News-
letter of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Ok ok ok Ok
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
USE OF OKINAWANS ON
TRAWLERS UNDER STUDY:
The Nihon Isei Sokobikiami Kyokai (East
China Sea Trawl Operators Association of
Japan) is exploring the possibility of employ-
ing Okinawan fishermen to sail on the vessels
operated by members of the Association. Re-
portedly, the East China Sea trawl operators,
like vessel owners engaged in other fisheries
in Japan, are experiencing great difficulty at-
tracting young men into the fishery.
The shortage of fishing labor force in Ja-
pan is becoming acute. Young people, at-
tracted by the land-based industries, are not
interested in engaging in fishing. Those that
engage in fisheries prefer to be connected
with the large fishing companies.
To alleviate the fishing labor force short-
age, consideration at one time was given to
the possible employment of South Koreans.
The idea was not feasible due to existing polit-
ical, legal, and social relations between South
Korea and Japan.
A study made by a member of the Trawl
Operators Association on the Okinawan fish-
ing labor force indicated that the Okinawan
fisheries are also faced with a labor shortage
but the shortage is nowhere near as acute as
that in Japan. The study showed that working
conditions and facilities on Japanese vessels
are superior to those on Okinawan vessels.
Also, the living standard of Japanese fisher=
men is higher. For example, the average in-
come of a Japanese fisherman sailing on a
trawler operating in the East China Sea a-
mounts to 50,000 yen (US$139) a month as
compared to an Okinawan trawl fisherman's
monthly average income of 30,000 ($83). Fur-
thermore, the Okinawans are not only good
fisherman but have close political and social
ties with Japan. For those reasons, the As-
sociation feels the idea of employing Okina=-
wan fishermen has much merit and plans to
study the matter carefully. (Suisan Keizai
Shimbun, October 22, 1964, and other sources.)
7 Ok OK OK 3K
ALUMINUM FISH HOLD FOR
FISHING VESSEL:
The leading Japanese aluminum manufac-
turer has been awarded a contract to construct
an aluminized fish hold for the Chiba Prefec=
tural Government's tuna fishery guidance ves-
Boso Maru (500 gross tons). Extensive tests
conducted by the manufacturer have shown
aluminum to be absolutely safe for use in con-
December 1964
Japam (Contd.):
structing fish holds. Advantages cited are
the lightness of the metal, better fish-holding
quality, and improved sanitation. (Suisan
Keizai Shimbun, October 20, 1964.)
eee
JAPAN EXTERNAL TRADE PROMOTION
ORGANIZATION ASSIGNS AGENT
IN AMERICAN SAMOA:
JETRO (Japan External Trade Promotion
Organization) has assigned an agent in Amer-
ican Samoa for the first time. The newagent,
JETRO's former agent at Long Beach, was
scheduled to leave for Samoa in Octok>r 1964,
The Japanese Government and the Japan
Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation are
sharing expenses equally for the maintenance
of JETRO's office in Samoa. (Suisan Keizai
Shimbun, October 9, 1964.)
CANNED SHRIMP EXPORTS
TO GREAT BRITAIN:
Two of Japan's major fishing companies,
which operate shrimp factoryships in the
Eastern Bering Sea, are reported to be de-
veloping plans to increase their exports of
canned shrimp to Great Britain.
Japanese 1963 exports of canned shrimp
to Great Britain totaled 71,000 cases and to
the United States 390,000 cases. In 1964 ex-
ports to Great Britain are expected to total
over 100,000 cases, while exports to the
United States are expected to decline by
130,000 cases. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Oc-
tober 7, 1964.)
FIRM EXPERIMENTING
WITH CANNED HAKE:
A Japanese fishing company has been ex-
perimenting with canning merluza (hake)
caught by its trawlers operating off South
Africa. The firm was reported to have set-
tled on one product--hake packed in oil. That
firm was conducting taste tests and planned to
to market that product in Japan in the fall of
1964, (Suisancho Nippo, September 18, 1964.)
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
103
COUNCIL FORMED OF JAPANESE
LONG-LINE SEA BREAM FISHERY
OPERATORS OFF NEW ZEALAND:
Of the 22 Japanese fishing firms engaged in
longline fishing for sea bream off New Zealand,
14 formed (on October 12, 1964) an organiza-
tion called the "Council of Longline Fishery
Operators Engaged in New Zealand Offshore
Sea Bream Fishery."' The objectives of that
organization are to: (1) eliminate violations
of New Zealand territorial waters by Japa-
nese long-line operators; and (2) promote
unity and cooperation among the fishery op-
erators in achieving a balance between catch
effort and availability, in order to stabilize
the fishery and to conserve the resources.
The New Zealand offshore long-line sea
bream fishery was first developed by one
Japanese fishing company in the summer of
1963. Later, an increasing number of Japa-
nese vessels began to converge on that fish-
ing ground and violations of New Zealandter-
ritorial waters by Japanese fishing vessels
also began to mount. This resulted in protests
being lodged with Japan by that country. In
view of the frequency of such infractions, the
Japanese Fisheries Agency was planning on
sending the vessel Toko Maru to the New
Zealand waters in mid-October to patrol Jap-
anese fishing activities. (Suisan Tsushin,
October 14; Nihon Suisan Shimbun, October
14; and other sources.
VIEWS ON 43RD FAO COUNCIL:
The 43rd Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion (FAO) Council, scheduled to convene in
Rome, October 5, 1964, had 27 items on the
agenda. Two related to fisheries: (1) the
strengthening of the FAO Fisheries Division,
and (2) the rational utilization of Atlantic tuna
resources,
On September 25, Japan's Fisheries Agency
firmed its position on those two agenda items,
The Agency planned to support the proposal
to strengthen the FAO Fisheries Division, but
held that the formation of an international re-
search organization (like the Inter-American
Tropical Tuna Commission) as proposed by
the United States is not necessary. Instead,
the Japanese feel that each concerned country
should conduct investigations on its ownthrough
an exchange of data, and the establishment of
some form of organization connected with that
type of research would not be positively op-
104
Japan (Contd.):
posed by Japan. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep-
tember 26, 1964.)
te 3K Ok 3K ok
FISHING COMPANY EXECUTIVE
EXPECTED TO VISIT MEXICO:
The Vice President of a large Japanese
fishing firm was scheduled to depart for Mex-
ico in late October 1964 to discuss with Mex-
ican interests the establishment of a joint fish-
ery enterprise in that country. The Japanese
firm hopes to establish a joint whaling venture
in Mexico and expand its operations to shrimp
fishing in the future. (Shin Suisan Shimbun
Sokuho, September 25, 1964.
Republic of Korea
FISHERIES TRENDS,
THIRD QUARTER 1964:
Japanese-Korean Fisheries Talks: In
early August 1964, the Japanese Foreign Min-
ister and the Korean Ambassador to Japan
met to discuss the resumption of fisheries
talks between the two countries. After their
meeting, it was reported that the Minister
and the Ambassador had agreed to resume
the fisheries talks in Tokyo in September
1964. The Japanese Minister is also report-
ed to have said that the Japanese Government
would try to expedite economic assistance to
Korea and to increase imports of farm and
fishery products from Korea in order to help
balance trade between the two countries. (The
Korea Times, August 7, 1964.)
Typical trawler now fishing for Korea, but that country is now
expanding its fleet to larger vessels.
(Editor's Note: Early in 1964, it appeared
that normal relations between the two coun-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
tries might be resumed this year if agreement
could be reached on fisheries conservation
regions, areas for Korea's exclusive fishing,
and the amount and type of fisheries coopera
tion loans that Japan would provide. The talks
on fisheries problems were suspended in the
spring of 1964 before final agreement was
reached.
The Japanese are reported to object to the
Korean prohibition of Japanese fishing inside
the ''Peace Line,’ which extends at some points
as much as 80 miles from Korea's shores.
The Japanese have proposed substituting an
exclusive Korean fishing zone extending not
more than 12 nautical miles from shore. Ne-
gotiations have also focused on details regard-
ing the delineation and establishment of a fish-
eries conservation zone in which fishing would
be jointly restricted. Other practices under
discussion when the negotiations were suspend-
ed in the spring included the type of equipment
and number of vessels to be allowed in those
conservation areas.
Normal relations with Japan could have an
important effect on Korea's fishing industry.
Japanese technical and economic assistance
could help modernize the Korean fishing indus-
try and increased Japanese imports from Ko-=-
rea could sharply expand Korean fishery ship=
ments.
Shrimp Farming: A total of 800,000 white
shrimp were reared by a Korean shrimp farm
near Taechon (on the west coast) in its first
attempt at cultivation of shrimp. In mid-1964,
it was reported that the artificially-reared
white shrimp would reach a size of 6 inches
by September 1964 when they would be sold to
Japan. The shrimp farm expects to expand its
rearing area from 16 acres to 62 acres. (The
Korea Times, July 17, 1964.)
Oceanography: The Korean Hydrographic
Office has decided to participate in an inter~
national program of research on the Kuroshio
Current, which is one of the main arteries in
the circulation of the Pacific Ocean. It moves
warm water from the Equator northward past
Formosa and Japan and thence eastward across
to the American coast, performing functions
similar to those of the Gulf Stream in the At=
lantic.
Korean officials said that since the warm
current houses large quantities of fish, scien-
tific research is needed to assist the fishing
industry. They said that the nations interested
December 1964
Republic of Korea (Contd.):
in the planned 4-year study of the Kuroshio
Current are China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea,
the Philippines, United States, U.S.S.R., and
Vietnam. (The Korea Times, August 7, 1964.)
7 OK OK OK 3K
VESSEL SPECIFICATIONS OF FISHING
FLEET ORDERED FROM FRANCE:
A fleet of fishing vessels is to built by an
Italian-French consortium for the Korea Ma-
rine Industry Development Corporation under
a contract signed January 21, 1963, and a-
mended December 11, 1963, and February 3,
1964.
Under the amended contract, the French
members of the consortium will build 76
vessels for Korea, including 10 side trawlers
of 130 gross registered tons (g.r.t.); 61 tuna
long-line vessels of 140 g.r.t.; 2 stern trawl-
ers of 200 g.r.t.; 2 stern trawlers of 1,300
g.r.t.; and a research and training vessel of
300 g.r.t.
The 10 side trawlers will be built at Bor-
deaux. Half of them will have gallows on the
port side and the other half will have gallows
on the starboard side to enable them to trawl
in pairs. Each side trawler will have the fol-
lowing main dimensions: length overall 89.2
feet, breadth (molded) 20.7 feet, and depth
(molded) 11.8 feet. Each side trawler will
have a fish-hold capacity of 4,062 cubic feet,
and each will be equipped with a main Diesel
engine developing 460 b. horsepower.
The order for 61 tuna long-line vessels
from France is shared by shipyards at Bor-
deaux (16 vessels), Le Havre (26 vessels),
La Rochelle (11 vessels), Nantes (4 vessels),
and Dieppe (4 vessels). Delivery will be
spread between February 1965 and October
1966.
The tuna vessels will have the following
main dimensions: length overall 98.4 feet,
breadth (molded) 21.3 feet, depth (molded)
10.2 feet, and fish-hold capacity 4,238 cubic
feet (the fish will be stored on ice), Each of
the vessels will be equipped with a 460-b.
horsepower Diesel engine.
The two 200-ton stern trawlers will be
built by a shipyard at Dieppe for delivery in
April and July 1966, and will have the follow-
ing main dimensions: length overall 105 feet,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
105
breadth (molded) 23.7 feet, depth (molded)
12.4 feet, and fish-hold capacity 4,769 cubic
feet (fish will be preserved on ice), Each of
the vessels will be equipped with a 640-b.
horsepower Diesel engine.
The two 1,300-ton stern trawlers will be
built at Nantes and delivered in December
1965 and March 1966. Both vessels will have
freezing facilities and each will have a length
overall of 253.7 feet. Other dimensions will
be: length between perpendiculars 217.2 feet,
breadth (molded) 37.1 feet, depth to maindeck
17.4 feet, depth to upper deck 25.3 feet, and load-
ed displacement 1,946 tons. the frozen fish hold
of each vessel will have a capacity of 31,784
cubic feet. A Diesel engine developing 2,500
horsepower will give each vessel a speed of
about 14 knots.
The 300-ton research and training vessel
is to be built at Dieppe and will be delivered
in September 1966. It will be designed for
stern trawling and oceanographic research
work. It will have an overall length of 123.4
feet, breadth (molded) 26.2 feet, depth (molded)
12.4 feet, and a frozen fish-hold capacity of
636 cubic feet. It will be powered by 2 Diesel
engines developing a total of 928 horsepower
to give the vessel a service speed of 11.5
knots. It will have accommodations for 5
scientists and 24 trainees, in addition to a
normal crew. (World Fishing, September
1964.)
(Editor's Note: According to previous re-
ports, the contract price for the vessels be-
ing built in France for Korea ‘is about $18.7
million--not including engines. Marine motors
and certain other equipment for the 76 vessels
are to be supplied by an Italian group. In ad-
dition, the Italian group is to build and outfit a
separate fleet of 15 vessels for Korea. The
total price of the Italian vessels and supplies
amounts to about $17.1 million, bringing the
total Korean obligation under the contract with
the Italian-French consortium to $35.8 mil-
lion.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 62; No-
vember 1964 p. 98.
PS
oe
'Mexico
VESSELS LEAVE MAZATLAN
TO OPEN SHRIMP FISHING SEASON:
Some 260 shrimp fishing vessels left the
port of Mazatlan on Mexico's west coast Sep-
106
Mexico (Contd.):
tember 23, 1964, for the new shrimp fishing
season. About 60 vessels were unable to
leave because they were in need of repairs.
Early radio reports from the fleet were pes~
simistic indicating shrimp catches were
smaller than anticipated.
Shrimp fleet at Mazatlan.
The disagreement between Mexican vessel
owners and fishermen's cooperatives had not
been resolved as of early October. It was re-
ported that one vessel owner planned to send
another six vessels to French Guiana in Oc
tober. (Fisheries Attache, United States Em-
bassy, Mexico, D. F., October 5, 1964.)
OK OK OK
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW FISH CANNERY
TO BE FINANCED BY
SPANISH BUSINESSMEN:
A group of Spanish businessmen will in-
vest about US$670,000 in the construction of
a new fish canning plant at Ensenada, Baja
California, Mexico. The announcement was
made by the Banco de Comercio, Mexico City.
(The Fishing News, September 18, 1964.)
OK OK OK Ok
USE OF MANATEE TO CONTROL
AQUATIC WEEDS IN LAKES:
An experiment in Mexico to overcome the
aquatic weed problem at several lakes in-
fested with water hyacinth was started in May
1963. Because of the possible usefulness of
manatee (Sea cows) in controlling aquatic
weeds, the Mexican Government introduced
five of them into Lake Chapala, Mexico's
largest lake. (Manatee are completely vege=
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
tarian and eat great quantities of weeds.) The
project was initiated by Mexico's Fisheries
Bureau of the Secretariat of Industry and
Commerce in cooperation with the State of
Jalisco and the Commission for the Promo-
tion of Lake Chapala,
One of the manatee was killed shortly after
being placed in the lake, but the other 4 were
reported to be thriving, according to a Sep=
tember 1964 report. Fishermen frequently
encounter the manatee and occasionally take
them in their nets. One of the manatees was
known to be ready to give birth when placed’
in the lake, and fishermen later reported
catching and releasing a young one a little
over 3 feet long, which is the size at birth.
The manatee in Lake Chapala appeared to
be feeding on aquatic plants, it was reported,
but because the fishermen had cleared most
of the hyacinths mechanically, the animals
turned to other varieties of plant pests and
are expected to switch to hyacinths when that
plant again becomes abundant. The cooper~-
ating agencies have posted signs explaining
the program and requesting people not to
molest the manatees.
The Mexican Fisheries Bureau considers
the project to be experimental. The greatest
environmental problem is the lower water
temperature. The manatees came from the
State of Tabasco which has water temperatures
of 79° to 829 F, Lake Chapala's water temp-
erature is 68° to 72° F. and is as low as 64°
F, in winter. The cooler water may inhibit
reproduction. Also, it has not been deter-
mined how many animals would be needed to
keep the enormous plant population of Mexico's
largest lake under control. (Fisheries At-
tache, United States Embassy, Mexico, D.F.,
October 2, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 pp. 107
and 108.
Netherlands
MODERN FISH AUCTION
FACILITY AT SCHEVENINGEN:
The construction of a new fish auction fa-
cility at Scheveningen (The Hague) on the
North Sea, Netherlands, at the northwest side
of Scheveningen's first inner harbor, was
started in September 1961. Measuring 262 x
1,312 feet, the complex will be the biggest
and most modern fish auction facility in Eu-
rope, comprising the auction hall itself, a
December 1964
Netherlands (Contd.):
service and administration building, and be-
hind it, a rear site that can be used for stor-
age.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
107
The establishment of the fish auction sys-
tem in the Netherlands, and the compulsory
sale of fish by auction, are designed as pro-
tective measures for the benefit of the fishing
industry. All dealers must be officially reg-
The new fish auction hall along the first harbor at Scheveningen.
The auction hall is some 800 feet long, 85
feet wide, about 30 feet high, and can accom-
istered before being admitted to the auction.
By the auction system, fishermen can count
modate 10 modern trawlers moored alongside | on a fair price for their catch depending on
at one time, or space for 15 trawlers if moor-|supply, demand, and quality, and the dealers
ed alongside each other.
area capacity of nearly 75,000 square feet
where 18,000 fish boxes can be placed. The
service and administration building adjoins
the auction hall's southwest side and con-
tains several service rooms, the office of the
Fish Auction Foundation, and the main offices
of the Port and Market Authority. It also has
a herring auction room that can accommodate
200 persons, and a large canteen for auction
hall employees and visitors.
The roof of the building consists of 23
glass sections, each section measuring 46 x
85 feet placed in a slanting position and giv-
ing the impression of giant windows which
are designed to diffuse from the northeast
thus deflecting any heat caused by the sun-
light. The total construction cost of the
building is about $2.4 million.
All fish landed by fishermen at Dutch ports
must be sold by auction whether catches are
large or small, and buyers are obliged to buy
fish only at the auctions. Thus, the fish auc-
tion site is considered a meeting place where
fishermen, fishing vessel owners, and both
the wholesale and retail trade meet almost
every day-~-at a fixed location where the daily
fish landings are sold by an impartial organi-
zation. In the Netherlands, both the whole-
salers and retailers are permitted to attend
fresh fish auctions, but only the wholesale
trade is admitted to the salted herring auc-
tions,
The hall has a gross |are guaranteed an adequate supply of fish.
In the Netherlands there is one State-owned
fish auction facility at IJmuiden, north of Am-
sterdam, In addition there are many municipal
and a few privately owned auctions, some of
which are operated on a cooperative basis. In
Scheveningen the auction is managed by what
is known as the Fish Auction Foundation in
which both the fish trade and municipal au-
thorities have representation, Fresh fish, in-
cluding fresh herring, auctioned there is sold
by ''word of mouth,'' which means that the auc-
tioneer presides orally over the fish auction
activities. Salted herring, however, are auc-
tioned by using an electric push-button system
and the stopping of a turning hand at a price in-
dicator.
Before Scheveningen had a harbor of its
own, the fish catches were sold on the beach,
After the first harbor was dug in 1904, the
fish were auctioned at the docks along the only
inner harbor existing at the time. In later
years, an auction hall for salted herring was
built along that harbor. After the second har-
bor was dug in the 1930's, the auction site for
fresh fish was established about 1935 in a hall
opposite the slipway along the second inner
harbor, Later, that auction hall proved to be
totally inadequate because of the cramped fa-
cilities and small waterfront, especially after
World War II when fish landings were greater
and large trawlers were being used.
108
Netherlands (Contd.):
In 1963, a total of 35,000 metric tons of
fresh fish (including herring) valued at 18.2
million guilders (US$5.1 million) was landed
at the Port of Scheveningen. In addition, the
Port also handled 36,000 tons of salted her-
ring that year valued at 16.8 million guilders
($4.7 million).
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 38.
Norway
WINTER HERRING FISHERY, 1964:
Catch: The 1964 Norwegian fishery for
winter herring (which includes spring her -
ring) yielded a catch of about 3.1 million
hectoliters or 288,300 metric tons (including
1.3 million hectoliters or 120,900 tons of
winter herring and 1.8 million hectoliters or
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
167,400 tons of spring herring). That was the
best result in the fishery since 1960 when 3.2
million hectoliters (297,600 tons) were taken.
The comparable catch in 1963 totaled only
661,000 hectoliters (61,473 tons). In 1964,
purse-seiners accounted for an unusually high
percentage of the winter herring landings with
a catch of 2.5 million hectoliters (232,500
tons). Trawlers and drift-netters accounted
for most of the remainder.
Utilization: About 2.5 million hectoliters
(232,500 tons) of the Norwegian winter herring
catch was processed into fish meal and oil;
228,089 hectoliters (21,212 tons) were frozen
for export; 186,490 hectoliters (17,344 tons)
were salted; 72,344 hectoliters (6,728 tons)
were canned; 49,411 hectoliters (4,595 tons)
were iced for export; 26,872 hectoliters
(2,499 tons) were used for bait; and 17,709
hectoliters (1,647 tons) were absorbed by the
Norwegian domestic fresh market.
Purse -seining for herring on fishing grounds off west coast of Norway.
December 1964
Norway (Contd.):
Prices: The 1964 winter herring catch
yielded fishermen about 69.8 million kroner
(US$9.8 million) including state subsidies.
The catch was about equally divided between
the northern and southern fishing districts,
but the northern catch brought considerably
lower prices. The prices for northern winter
and spring herring were fixed, respectively,
at 20.0 and 17.5 kroner per hectoliter
(US$1.36 and 1.19 per hundred pounds). That
was 26 to 30 percent less than the prices paid
for similar herring from the southern fishing
districts. Fishermen were disappointed by
the price differential. They were also said
to be dissatisfied with the high proportion of
the catch that went for meal and oil. The
newspaper Harstad Tidende has indicated that
Feitsildfiskernes Salslag (sales organization
of the fat herring fishermen) may be named
as the new sales agent for herring caught in
the northern area.
Capelin Fishery: In 1964, ex-vessel cape-
lin prices were relatively high; capelin yield-
ed fishermen 16.85 kroner per hectoliter
($1.15 per hundred pounds) before March 15,
and 12.61 kroner per hectoliter ($0.86 per
hundred pounds) after that date--including the
subsidy of 3.75 kroner per hectoliter ($0.21
per hundred pounds). The capelin fishery in
the winter of 1964 yielded a catch of 53,395
hectoliters (4,966 tons) before March 15, and
148,387 hectoliters (13,800 tons) after that
date. (Fiskaren, July 1, 1964.)
Note: Norwegian kroner 7.16 equal US$1.00.
KOK KEK
AGREEMENT ON FISHING FOR DOGFISH
AND BASKING SHARK SIGNED
WITH GREAT BRITAIN:
A new agreement which permits Norwegian
fishermen to fish for dogfish (Acantis vulgar -
is) and basking shark (Cethorinus maximus)
in the waters surrounding northern Scotland
and the Shetlands was signed by Norway and
Great Britain on September 28, 1964, in London.
Norwegians will have the right to fish within the
new 12-mile limit around Great Britain until
1984, but will be excluded from fishing closer
than6 miles from shore after 1965, Thatregion
is tobe reserved exclusively to Britons.
The right to fish for dogfish and basking
shark in British coastal waters has tradition-
ally been an important one for Norway. The
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
109
new agreement reportedly will insure for Nor-
wegian fishermen an estimated combined in-
come of 250 million kroner (US$35.0 million)
over the 20-year period. It will provide pro-
ductive employment to Norwegian fishermen
who might otherwise be idle after the great
schools of cod and herring, which usually in-
habit the waters around Norway from January
to March, have departed. (United States Em-
bassy, Oslo, October 4, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 88.
gin
Persian Gulf
COMMERCIAL FISHERY IN SOUTHERN
AREA TO BE DEVELOPED
BY BRITISH FIRM:
Commercial fishing along a section of the
Trucial Coast (the southern area of the Per-
sian Gulf) is to be developed by a British fish-
ing company of Grimsby in collaboration with
interests at Beirut, Lebanon. The Trucial
Coast (consisting of 7 sheikdoms) is a 350-
mile coastal strip on the Arabian peninsula
in the southwestern part of the Persian Gulf.
The Beirut interests obtained the fishing
concession from the ruling sheik at Ash
Sharigah,
a
xy b> ‘
Persian Gulf
\BAHRAIN A)
SA UDI Waar ——,
| RIYADH Aiea >\ :
ARABIA ashe Te
Nem
Areas generally conceded to be
in the Middie East
5 Areas with limited acceptance as
being in the Middle East
Areas rarely of never considered
as being in the Middle East
110
Persian Gulf (Contd.):
It is believed that the waters along the
Trucial Coast abound in shrimp as well as
other edible fish species. If shrimp are found
in quantity and the enterprise is successful,
it is anticipated that a large portion of the
shrimp catch will be marketed in the United
States. In making the announcement, the Brit-
ish fishing company said it is acting as advis-
er on all aspects of the fishing operations and
will also be responsible for marketing the en-
tire catch.
The first trawler purchased for the new
enterprise was reported en route to the Tru-
cial Coast and was to start fishing about the
end of September 1964. The vessel has facil-
ities and equipment for processing and freez-
ing the catch, and enough cold-storage space
for a substantial quantity of frozen fish and
shellfish. |
Philippines
SHRIMP EXPORTS, 1963:
Total shrimp (mostly frozen) exports by
the Philippines in 1963 were valued at P537,000
(US$138,000), with most of those exports go-
ing to the United States market. Thevalue of
shrimp exported to the United States in 1963 was
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
$113,000. The remainder of theshrimp
exports with a value of $25,000 went to
Japan.
The Philippine shrimp export business is
relatively new and there are not more than
four firms which export shrimp either on a
regular basis or as specific orders are re-
ceived. It is reported that there is no known
local association of shrimp firms in the
Philippines. (United States Embassy, Manila,
September 25, 1964.)
Poland
FISHERIES LANDINGS,
JANUARY -JUNE 1964:
Polish landings of salt-water fish amount-
ed to 112,708.4 metric tons in the first half
Polish Landings of Salt-Water Fish, January-June 19641/
January-June Luba
rivate u Year 1963
Fishermen no Total
THUG MoT OLD (Metric Tons). sv esses seen ne
a 44.1 :
Baltic herring .. .
North Sea herring.
Prelimis
liminary.
Includes catch off South Africa by state-owned enterprises.
Profile and layout of moder Polish stem trawler.
December 1964
Poland (Contd.):
of 1964, Cod was the leading species landed,
followed by North Seaherring, sprat, andocean
perch, (Polish Maritime News, No. 73.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 56.
Portugal
CANNED FISH PACK, JANUARY-JUNE 1964:
Portugal's total pack of canned fish in oil
or sauce in the first half of 1964 was up 146
percent from that in the same period in 1963.
The increase was due mainly to a greatly ex-
Portuguese Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1963-64
Product
In oil or sauce:
Sardines 2. eee
Chinchards. 2...
Mackerel ....-
Tuna and tunaelike
Anchovy fillets ...
Others wecceece 35 4
7 19
Pout sees [anree] tasr | mess | 353 |
THE RYUKYU
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111
panded sardine pack, Portuguese sardine land-
ings of 31,687 metric tons in January-June
1964 were up only slightly from the 30,262
metric tons landed in the first half of 1963,
indicating the canneries received alarger per-
centage of the catch in 1964. (Conservas de
Peixe, August 1964.) ms
AD
Ryukyu Islands
GOVERNMENT SEEKS CHANGES IN TUNA
FISHERIES AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN:
The Economics Bureau, Government o
Ryukyu, as of the latter part of September
1964, was studying revisions in the Japan-
Ryukyu Agreement pertaining to the distant-
water tuna fisheries. The Agreement, con-
cluded in 1960, provided for the licensing of
a total of 4,500 gross tons of tuna fishing ves-
sels under Ryukyuan registry. The Ryukyuan
Government is seeking at least a twofold
increase in tuna vessel tonnage under a new
agreement,
The Ryukyuan tuna fleet presently consists
of 26 tuna vessels (operated by 13 firms) total-
ISLANDS
c
Ak AMES ARE GLAAD RES COUT ENE CNG Ree eDcATER
112
Ryukyu Islands (Contd.):
ing 5,564 grosstons. The fleet includes vessels
totaling about 1,000 gross ton which were en-
gaged in fishing prior to that Agreement and
are therefore not covered by it. In 1963 the
tuna fleet landed 17,538 metric tons of tuna and
other species. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep-
tember 27, 1964.)
Senegal
SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS, 1964:
Senegal's small but growing shrimp indus-
try is expected to provide about 400 metric tons
of shrimp for the French market in 1964.
The shrimp-processing plant at Ziguinchor
in southern Senegal, which is controlled by
French interests with headquarters in Dakar,
started operating in May 1962 with a capital
investment of $40,000 anda fleet of 50 artisan
canoes (pirogues). Since that time, the work-
ing capital has been increased to $100,000
and the fleet of canoes has expanded to 300
craft.
SENEGAL
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
The six-months shrimp fishing season on
the Casamance River is between May 15 and
November 15. During that period, 150 fish-
ermen are employed ona salary basis and
250 more fishermen employed under contract.
The French firm has recently expanded its
plant facilities to include canning of oysters
onan experimental basis. Canned oyster prod-
ucts include smoked oysters, oysters with
chopped parsley and garlic, oysters with but-
ter, and oysters in the natural form without
any additives. The firm is reported interest-
ed in developing United States markets for
those products. (Fisheries Attache, United
States Embassy, Abidjan, September 16, 1964.)
South Africa Republic
PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY,
MAY-JUNE 1964:
South Africa Republic: The shoal fishcatch
off the Cape west coast of South Africa Republic
in June 1964 was 33,538 short tons pilchard, 549
tons maasbanker, and6,345 tons anchovy, for a
totalof 40,432tons. That compares with 77,966
tons pilchards and 322 tons maasbanker land-
ed in June 1963.
The June 1964 catchyielded 9,904 short tons
of fish meal, 600,605 imperial gallons of fish
body oil, 2,582,592 pounds of canned pilchards,
and 191,280 pounds of canned maasbanker.
The shoal fish catch off the Cape west coast
of the South Africa Republic in May was 34,079
short tons pilchards, 2,006 tons maasbanker,;
13,586 tons mackerel, 6,966 tons anchovy, and
2,218 tons herring, for a total of 58,855 tons.
That compares with 61,012 tons pilchards and
4,787 tons maasbanker landed in May 1963.
December 1964
South Africa Republic (Contd,):
(There were nomackerel, anchovy, or herring
landings in May 1963.)
The May catchyielded 13,667 short tons of
fish meal, 896,220 imperial gallons of fish
body oil, 184,032 pounds of canned pilchards,
353,586 pounds of canned maasbanker, and
3,451,008 pounds of canned mackerel.
The Cape west coast shoal fish catch for the
‘first 6 months of the 1964 season was 257,178
tons pilchards, 19,952 tons maasbanker, 55,319
tons mackerel, 16,947 tons anchovy, and
2,218 tons herring. The total catch was 351,614
tons. Inthe same period of 1963, the catch was
377,217 tons pilchards, 12,782 tons maasbanker
and 14,634tons mackerel. (There were no an-
chovy or herring landings in January ~June 1963.)
South-West Africa: At Walvis Bay inSouth-
West Africa, the pilchard catch amounted to
394,285 tons during January-June 1964.
The Walvis Bay pilchard industry has been
taking full advantage of the higher oil yield of
fish this season. In comparison with anaver-
age yield of 8 to 10 gallons per ton of fish last
year, the fish oil yield this year has been av-
eraging 25 to 28 gallons per ton of fish.
A few Walvis Bay factories expected to take
their pilchard catch quota of 90,000 tons each
by the end of August 1964; most of the others
expect to take their catch quota by the end of
October 1964.
An application by Walvis Bay pilchard proc -
essing factories for an increase of 60,000
tons in the 720,000-ton quota for 1964 has been
refused by the South West Africa administration.
According to the Walvis Bay newspaper
Namib Times, the industry made the applica-
tion to enable it to meet additional market de-
mands. The Administration, however, has said
that the new anchovy fishery will provide ad-
ditional supplies.
Each of the 7 factories at Walvis Bay has
been allowed one anchovy purse-seine net,
and there will be no restrictions imposed on
the amount of anchovy which may be caught
by the 7 vessels using those nets,
The new fish meal factory at Walvis Bay
did not begin operating until mid-1964and is
not expected to attain its 90,000-ton pilchard
quota until late in 1964, (The South African
Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review,
July and August 1964.)
a
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
113
South-West Africa
PILCHARD FISHING INDUSTRY
TRENDS, FY 1963:
Heavy demand raised prices for South-
West African fish meal in fiscal year 1963,
according to the South West African Admin-
istration.
During the year ended March 31, 1964, a
total of 600,000 short tons of pilchard was
landed and processed at the 6 Walvis Bay
factories of South-West Africa, That catch
yielded about 150,000 tons of fish meal, which
was sold for R11.4 million (US$16.0 million).
The main market was the United Kingdom,
The United States and Japan werealso impor-
tant buyers.
The total production of fish body oil from
the 1963 pilchard catch was sold for R1,5 mil-
lion ($2.1 million), entirely to the United King-
dom, (Editor's Note: Fish-body oil produc-
tion from the 1963 pilchard catch was esti-
mated at 4.5 million imperial gallons. The
oil yield was below average.)
South-West African sales of canned pil-
chards in fiscal year 1963 amounted to R5.8
million ($8.1 million) as compared with sales
of R12.1 million ($16.9 million) the previous
fiscal year. The decline was due to price
and demand fluctuations on the international
market, (The South African Shipping News
and Fishing Industry Review, July 1964.)
Spain
FISHERY TRENDS AT VIGO,
JULY-SEPTEMBER 1964:
Landings and Prices: Fishery landings
at the port of Vigo, Spain, in July-September
1964, while higher than the previous quarter
(April-June) when they totaled 18,755 metric
tons, were estimated to be about 20 percent
lower than in the same period of 1963. The
September 1964 landings of sardines are not
included in the preliminary landings data for
this quarter and the situation could change
because sardine landings continued heavy in-
to the early part of October. As of the end
of September, the tuna (yellowfin) catch for
the 1964 season was estimated to be about
half that of the 1963 season, with ex-vessel
prices higher than the previous year.
114
Spain (Contd.):
Fig. 1 - Wooden trawlers in Vigo's fishing port outfitted for tuna
fishing. Long poles on left are used to drag lines alongside the
vessel.
Canned Fish Industry: The canned fish in-
dustry worked at a much slower pace during
the third quarter of 1964 than is normal dur-
ing that time of the year. The poor catches
of commercial varieties and the high prices
at which offered contributed to that situation.
Improvement was reported during the latter
part of September and early October, and the
reason for the recovery was a greater supply
of fish, consisting mainly of sardines.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
with peanut and other seed oils, fish canners
expected that their sales abroad would in-
crease. This apparently has not been the
case, although the situation might improve
in the near future as a result of that authori-
zation. A further measure being sought by
fish canners was an increase of the present
6 percent tax exemption on exports to levels
ranging up to 17 percent. (United States Con-
sulate, Vigo, October 16, 1964.)
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 78.
Taiwan
SHRIMP EXPORTS, JANUARY -JUNE 1964:
Five fishery firms in Taiwan exported a
total of 360,526 pounds of shrimp valued at
US$315,040 during the first six months of
1964. All of it went to Japan except for a
very small quantity which was shipped to the
United States. Two of the firms shipped about
125,000 pounds each during that period. Each
of the other three firms shipped an average
of about 40,000 pounds. One of the shrimp ex=
porting companies is a United States firm es=
tablished in Taiwan. (United States Embassy,
Taipei, September 23, 1964.)
Fig. 2 - Spanish stern freezer trawler Villalba.
The recovery in canned fish exports re-
ported for the second quarter of the year de-
clined somewhat during the third quarter,
with a decrease of about 15 percent both in
quantity and in value. As compared with the
third quarter of 1963, there was an increase
of about 13 percent in quantity and of about
15 percent in value.
With the authorization on July 1, 1964, to
export under certain conditions canned fish
U.S.S.R.
STATE FISHERIES PRODUCTION
COMMISSION RECOMMENDS DEEP-WATER
TRAWLING FOR FISHING VESSELS:
The head of the fishing department of the
Soviet State Fisheries Production Commission
has recommended to all regional departments
that they equip their vessels for deep-water
trawling in 1964, according to a report ina
December 1964
U.S.S.R. (Contd.):
Soviet periodical dated September 26, 1964.
His recommendation was based on results
obtained frorm studies conducted in the differ -
ent sea areas on deep-dwelling species of
fish and on the policy subsequently adopted
by the Production Commission to develop a
deep-water fishery. (Suisancho Nippo, Sep-
tember 10, 1964.) ‘
United Kingdom wees
TWO NEW SEMIAUTOMATED
STERN TRAWLERS OF "DARING"
CLASS TO BE BUILT:
A shipyard at Selby, England, has orders
to build two new stern trawlers along the rev-
olutionary lines of the Ross Daring (launched
May 1963) and her sistership Ross Delight
(launched August 1963). Each of those semi-
automated stern trawlers has a length over-
all of 99 feet, a range of about 30 days, anda
fish-hold capacity for about 140,000 pounds of
iced fish.
The semiautomated stern trawler Ross Daring.
The basic ''Daring'' design will be used by
the Selby shipyard in building the two new
stern trawlers. However, design information
gained through extensive trials has been fed
back to the shipyard and this, together with
modifications made by the owners to the
equipment on the trawlers in service, is be-
ing incorporated in the construction of the
two new vessels. Work on the first of the
new trawlers started in October 1964; it is
scheduled for completion in April 1965.
The existing trawlers, Ross Daring and
Ross Delight, are each worked by a crew of
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
115
five men including the skipper. The auto-
mated design of the vessels provides an en-
gineroom which operates unattended, requir-
ing only periodic visits the whole time the
trawler is at sea. Electronic controls for the
‘machinery, and hydraulic controls for the
winches enable each vessel to be handled,
when trawling, by one man.
In 4 recent North Sea fishing trips totaling
32 days, the Ross Daring landed 826 kits
(115,640 pounds) of fish which were sold at
dockside for £5,699 (US$15,957).
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 92.
Yugoslavia
FISHERIES TRENDS, 1964:
Development Program, 1964-1970: The
proposed fisheries development program in
the Yugoslav 7-Year Economic Plan for 1964-
1970 was approved by representatives of the
country's fishing industry at a meeting at
Fiume (Rijeka) early in 1964.
CATCH: The new 7-Year Economic Plan
calls for the annual marine catch of Yugo-
slavia to increase sixfold over current levels
and reach 120,000 metric tons by 1970, con-
sisting of 80,000 tons from the ocean and
40,000 tons from the Adriatic Sea.
FISHING FLEET: The Plan also envisions
a fishing fleet investment during 1964-1970
of approximately 53,000 million lire (US$85
million) to be used to build 160 vessels for
Adriatic fishing, 40 for ocean fishing, and 6
for fish transport. An additional 2,000 mil-
lion lire ($3 million) will be allocated to the
lake and inland water fisheries of Yugoslavia.
(La Pesca Italiana, April 1964.)
Tuna Fishing: In early 1964, a contract
was announced between a shipyard and a fish-
eries firm in Yugoslavia for the construction
of a series of large motor fishing vessels to
be used for tuna fishing in the Atlantic. Those
‘vessels, to be built at Pola (Pula), will be
equipped to fish off the west coast of Africa;
each vessel will have storage space for 450
tons of frozen fish. (ISEA, January 1964.)
Fish Meal: A Yugoslav fish-meal factory
in Zadar began test production in mid-1964.
Reports indicated the new factory would be
116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
Yugoslavia (Contd.): ing raw materials that formally were thrown
into the sea.
processing 20 tons of raw material daily by
the end of September 1964. The annual pro- Four more fish-meal factories like the one
duction of the factory will be greater than that at Zadar areplanned. (Borba, Belgrade, Sep-
of all the other Yugoslav fish-meal factories tember 18, 1964.)
combined. The new fish-meal factory is us- Note: Italian lira 624.9 equal US$1.00.
SEA SCALLOPS--A YEAR-ROUND SHELLFISH FAVORITE
Sea scallops, considered as one of the tastiest foods from the deep, are plentiful and
economical, and theyare never out ofseason. The ocean variety of scallops is harvested
and marketed year-around.
Scallops areactive Swimmers, moving freely through the waters ofthe sea. The active
opening and closing of its shell, controlled by the adductor muscle, provides a form of
water-jet locomotion for the scallop. The sweet, firm-meat adductor muscle, often called
the "'eye,'' is the part of the scallop which Americans so thoroughly enjoy.
The sea scallop is harvested from the deep waters off the North and Middle Atlantic
States. The bulk ofthe catch ofthis delicious shellfish is landed atthe old whaling port of
New Bedford, Mass., which is known to many as ''The Scallop Center ofthe World.'' The
sea scallop shell is saucer-shaped and sometimes grows to a diameter of 8 inches.
Shoppers find that scallops as marketedare one ofthe bestbuys because they are 100
percent edible--no waste. Scallops are available ina variety of market forms including
fresh, frozen, frozen breaded, frozen deep-fried, andin packaged frozen dinners. Scallop
meats are lean, light, andfirm; and containthe easily digested ‘animal protein so neces-
sary for body growth and repair. The scallop is also an excellent source of calcium,
phosphorus, iron, copper, and iodine. It is characterized byan extremely low fat content.
The most familiar scallopmaindishes are deep-fried or pan-fried. Scallops arealso
served in cocktails, appetizers, soups, casseroles, and salads with equally satisfying re-
sults. Delicious, never out of season, sea scallops provide delectable eating.
Home economists of the U.S. Bureauof Commercial Fisheries recommend the fol-
lowing recipe. Additional recipes are to be found in the recipe publication How to Cook
Scallops. It is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402, for 25 cents a copy.
Scallops Amandine
2 pounds scallops, fresh or frozen cup blanched slivered almonds
1 teaspoon salt cup butter or margarine, melted
i
2
i
2
2
Dash pepper tablespoons chopped parsley
4 cup flour Toast points
Thaw frozen scallops. Rinse with cold water to remove anyshell particles. Cut large
scallops in half. Sprinkle scallops with salt and pepper. Roll in flour. Fry almonds in
butter until lightly browned. Remove almonds. Add scallops and continue frying. When
scallops are brown on one side, turn carefully and brownthe other side. Cooking time ap-
proximately 4 to 6 minutes. Add parsley and almonds. Serve on toast points. Serves 6.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
117
ACTIONS
Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
USE OF SODIUM NITRATE AND
SODIUM NITRITE AS FOOD ADDITIVES
IN SMOKED CURED SABLEFISH:
A request for permission to use sodium ni-
trate andsodium nitrite as preservatives and
color fixatives in smoked cured sablefish is
the subject of a petition to the U. S. Food and
Drug Administration, Petition was filed by
the Association of Smoked Fish Processors,
Inc.,, New York City. Notice of the petition
was published in the Federal Register, Sep-
tember 26, 1964,
The proposal is the issuance of amendments
to sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act dealing with food additives to
provide for the safe use of sodium nitrate and
sodium nitrite as preservatives and color fix-
atives in smoked, cured sablefish, at levels
not in excess of 0.05 percent sodium nitrate
and 0,02 percent sodium nitrite in the finish-
ed product,
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1962 p. 102.
OK OK KK
ANNUAL CONFERENCE
HIGHLIGHTS UNDERSTANDING OF
U.S. PURE FOOD AND DRUG LAW:
The 8th Annual Conference, sponsored
jointly by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) of the U. S. Department of Health, Ed-
ucation, and Welfare and the Food Law Insti-
tute, was held on November 30, 1964, The
purpose of the Conference was to promote un-
derstanding of and voluntary compliance with
the Federal pure food and drug law.
Four food and drug workshop sessions
scheduled for the meeting had as their theme
"What Industry Needs from FDA for Better
Compliance.'' A consumer panel had the theme
"What the Public Wants in Consumer Education."
An innovation for the 8th Annual Confer-
ence was an exhibition of outstanding visual
communications chosen by a special review
committee from entries submitted by Govern-
ment agencies and industry. They included
outstanding motion pictures, filmstrips, and
exhibits used to answer public interest in the
integrity of foods, drugs, and cosmetics; to
further good manufacturing and marketing prac-
tices, and to promote voluntary compliance.
The Conference featured akeynote address
by Food and Drug Commissioner George P.
Larrick, and aresponse from the president of
the Food Law Institute. There were also ad-
dresses by other FDA officials and industry
leaders.
The panel workshops were conducted by a
moderator and 4 expert panelists--2 each
from FDA and industry. In the food area, they
included sections devoted to: (1) 'Sanitation
and Quality Control,'’ moderated by the Di-
rector of FDA's Bureau of Scientific Standards
and Evaluation; and (2) ''Additives and Pesti-
cides,'' moderated by an officialof Atlas Chem-
ical Industries. A workshop on consumer ed-
ucation was moderated by the Director of FDA's
Division of Consumer Education. (Press re-
lease of U. S. Food and Drug Administration,
Washington, D. C.)
Cres
Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
DETERMINATION OF FISHERY FAILURE
DUE TO RESOURCE DISASTER
IN GREAT LAKES AREA:
In an announcement dated July 21, 1964,
published in the July 25, 1964, Federal Regis-
118 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
ter, the Secretary of the Interior determined
that the Great Lakes fishing industry, as well
as processors and distributors of smoked fish
from the Great Lakes, incurred substantial
economic injury in October 1963 as a result
of temporary loss of markets for smoked fish.
The Secretary stated that the circumstances
constituted a commercial fishery failure due
to a resource disaster within the meaning of
section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309 (Commer-
cial Fisheries Research and Development
Act), and therefore, he authorized the use of
funds appropriated under the new law to al-
leviate the serious situation in the Great
Lakes area.
Public Law 88-309 was signed by the Pres-
identon May 20,1964. Section 4(b) of the new
law provides that the Secretary of the Inter-
ior may make available up to $400,000 to aid
a fishing industry when he determines that a
commercial fishery failure due to aresource
disaster has occurred.
The determination made by the Secretary
of a commercial fishery failure due to a re-
source disaster in the Great Lakes area, as
published in the Federal Register, July 25,
1964, follows:
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Office of the Secretary
GREAT LAKES AREA
Determination of Fishery Failure Due
to Resource Disaster
Whereas, many firms are engaged in
catching, processing and marketing fish
from the Great Lakes area; and
Whereas, the Food and Drug Adminis-
tration on October 25, 1963, issued a
statement warning the public of botu-
lism in smoked fish from the Great Lakes
area; and this warning was followed by
a drastic reduction in consumption re-
sulting in substantial economic injury to
the Great Lakes fishing industry and to
processors and distributors of smoked
fish from the Great Lakes area; and
Whereas, the cause of the botulism was
not known; and
Whereas, Great Lakes chubs on hand
at the time of this incident were either
destroyed or preserved in freezers, with
approximately 2 million pounds still in
storage; and these fish, even though
frozen, have deteriorated to the point
where they cannot even be used for pet
food; and the only use to which they
can. now be put is for reduction, that fs,
to produce: fishmeai; and the value: of
the fishmeal will not pay for the proc-
essing and raw material transpert costs;
Now, therefore, as Secretary of the
Interior, I hereby determine that the
foregoing circumstances constitute a
eommercial fishery failure due to a re-
source disaster within the meaning of
section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309. Pur-
Vol. 26, No. 12
suant to this determination, I hereby
authorize the use of funds appropriated
under the above legislation as diversion
payments to cause removal from the
usual markets the stocks of chubs which
are preventing normal trade operations
and for such 6ther measures as may be
necessary to mitigate the damage.
Stewart L. UDALL,
Secretary of the Interior.
JULY 21, 1964.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 pp. 25, 85;
Sept. 1964 p. 100 Aug. 1964 p. 95.
2 OK OK OK
REGULATIONS ON COMMERCIAL
FISHERIES RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT ACT PUBLISHED:
Final regulations setting up procedures to be used by the
Secretary of the Interior in giving financial aid to state agen-
cies for research and development of the commercial fish-
eries resources of the Nation were published in the Octo- ~
ber 3, 1964, Federal Register. Regulations became effec-
tive on the date of publication. They bring into effect the
Commercial Fisheries and Development Act of 1964 (Public
Law 88-309) passed by Congress this year and signed by
President Johnson May 20, 1964. First, the new law pro-
vides for payment of $5 million annually to states for com-
mercial fishery research and development over a five-year
period. The states will be required to provide matching
funds equal to at least 25 percent of project costs. However,
Congress adjourned this year before it was able to appropri-
ate funds to implement this part of the new law.
Second, the Act also authorizes the allocation of $400,000
annually for two years and $650,000 for each of the following
three years to states where there is a commercial fishery
failure resulting from natural or undetermined causes (under
Section 4(b)). For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, Con-
gress did appropriate $400,000 for that part of the Act. The
Secretary of the Interior has already taken action to assist
the Great Lakes area fishing industry recover from economic
losses suffered in 1963. In subsequent years, such funds will
be available to other segments of the industry suffering fish-
ery failures arising from economic disasters. Regulations
applying to Section 4(b) were published in the August 27, 1964,
Federal Register.)
Third, the law authorizes the allocation of $100,000 a year
to states for developing new commercial fisheries. No funds
are yet available for this part.
Fourth, it provides for loan funds to Alaska’s fishermen
for charter of fishin, vessels for temporary replacement
pending the repair or permanent replacement of vessels lost
or damaged in the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake disas-
ter. Repayment of those loans is to be made only from the net
profits of the operation of the chartered vessels after deducting a
reasonable amount for the salary of the fishermen chartering the
vessels. (Regulations covering this provision of the Act were pub-
lished in the May 23, 1964, Federal Register.
A Notice of Proposed Rule Making was published in the Fed-
eral Register of July 10, 1964. Interested persons were given 30
days in which to submit written comments, suggestions, or ob-
jections to the proposed new part. Comments on Section 253.4
of 50 CFR Part 253 dealing with "Use of resource disaster funds"
were to be submitted at an earlier date,
Comments have been received for all other sections of Part
253. Consideration was given to such comments and appropriate
clarifying changes have been made.
The regulations covered by Part 253 are published complete
(to include those regulations issued for just part of the Act) in
December 1964
the Federal Register, October 3, 1964. The regulations include
definitions, interpretation of the authorization, use of research
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
and development funds, use of new commercial fishery funds,
Title 50—WILDLIFE AND
FISHERIES
Chapter II—Bureauv of Commercial
Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior
SUBCHAPTER F—AID TO FISHERIES
PART 253—COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
On Pages 9454 through 9456 of the
FEDERAL REGISTER of July 10, 1964, there
was published a notice and text of a
proposed new Part 253 of Title 50, Code
of Federal Regulations. The purpose of
the new part was to provide for proce-
dures to be used by the Secretary of the
Interior in providing financial assistance
to State Agencies for research and de-
velopment of the commercial fisheries
resources of the Nation and, in coopera-
tion with State Agencies, directly to the
commercial fisheries in cases where he
has determined that there is a commer-
cial fishery failure due to a resource
disaster arising from natural or undeter-
mined causes, or where he may prevent
such a resource disaster.
Interested persons were given 30 days
in which to submit written comments,
suggestions, or objections with respect to
the proposed new part; except, that com-
ments with respect to § 253.4 Use of re-
source disaster funds, were required to
be submitted to the Director, Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within
a period of 10 days.
In paragraph (a) Determination, of
§ 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds, it
was noted the Secretary shall cause to be
published in the FEDERAL REGISTER &
notice of finding that a commercial fish-
ery failure due to a resource disaster aris-
ing from natural or undetermined causes
when such a finding is made. After such
publication, resource disaster funds may
be used for specified purposes with the
pk ates of the respective State Agen-
cies.
The Feperat REcIsTER of July 25, 1964,
included a notice of determination by the
Secretary of the Interior that a commer-
cial fishery failure due to a resource dis-
aster within the meaning of section 4(b)
of Public Law 88-309 existed in the Great
Lakes fishing industry.
On August 27, 1964, there was pub-
lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER § 253.4
Use of resource disaster funds, as a for-
mal regulation. Comments have now
been received for all other sections of
Part 253. Consideration has been givén
to such comments and appropriate clari-
fying changes made in §§ 253.1 to 253.12,
inclusive. These sections are hereby
added to § 253.4, which has already been
published as a regulation, and Part 253
is now published in its entirety.
Sec.
253.1 Definitions
253.2 Interpretation of the authorization.
253.3 Use of research and development
funds.
253.4 Use of resource disaster 1unds.
253.5 Use of new commercial fishery funds.
253.6 Financial responsibility.
low:
See,
2653.7 Reporting.
253.8 Record retencion.
253.9 Audit and inspection
253.10 Officials not to benefit.
253.11 Patents and inventions,
253.12 Convict labor.
AvrtnHorirr: The provisions of this part
253 issued under sec. 8, Public Law 88-309.
§ 253.1 Definitions.
As used in this part, terms shall have
the meaning ascribed in this section.
(a) Secretary. The Secretary of the
Interior or his authorized representa-
tive.
(b) Act. Public Law 88-309, Commer-
cial Fisheries Research and Development
Act of 1964.
(c) Research and development funds.
Funds, the appropriation of which, were
authorized by subsection 4(a) of the Act.
(d) Resource disaster funds. Funds,
the appropriation of which, were author-
ized by subsection 4(b) of the Act.
(e) New commercial fishery funds.
Funds, the appropriation of which, were
authorized by subsection 4(c) of the Act.
(f) Person. Individual, association,
partnership or corporation, any one or
all as the ‘context requires.
(g) Primary producer or commercial
fisherman. A person owning, having a
beneficial interest in, managing, or op-
erating a vessel or gear engaged in har-
vesting raw fish for commercial purposes,
(h) Net profits. The net profit, be-
fore taxes, as computed in accordance
with generally accepted accounting
standards with due regard to the prac-
tices in the locality in which the fishing
operation is conducted.
(i) Reasonable amount as determined
by the Secretary for the salary of the
fisherman. A computed amount equal
to the average income of the applicant
from fishing operations during the 3 pre~
ceding calendar years, with a maximum
of $3,000, computed from applicant's in-
come tax returns for those years.
(j) Contractor. A person, agency uF
institution performing services, under
contract with the State Agency, in car~
rying out the provisions of a project
agreement.
(k) Commercial fisheries resources.
Stocks of raw fish available or poten-
tially available for harvesting with the
primary intent of moving the product
into channels of commercial trade.
§ 253.2 Interpretation of the authori.
zation.
The terms used in the Act to describe
the authorization to the Secretary are
construed to be limited to the meanings
ascribed in this section.
(a) Supplement, and, to the extent
practicable, increase the amounts of
State funds. The words “supplement,
and, to the extent practicable, increase
the amounts of State funds” mean that
State funds, to be used for at least 25
percent of the cost of a project financed
with research and development funds,
will be additional] funds provided for that
project and will not represent funds
diverted from some other commercial
fishery project except that during fiscal
years 1965 and 1966, the fact that &
119
financial responsibility, reporting, record retention, audit and
inspection, patents and inventions, etc.
The regulations as they appeared in the Federal Register fol-
State Legislature did not meet after ap-
proval of this Act will be considered evi-
dence that it is not practicable for the
State Agency to furnish funds that have
not been previously used for other com-
mercial fishery projects.
(b) Resource disaster arising from
natural or undetermined causes. The
words “resource disaster arising from
natural or undetermined causes” mean
a serious disruption of a fishery caused
by alteration of habitat affecting present
and future productivity, inability to
catch the raw fish, or inability to sell the
catch, because of a natural or undeter-
mined cause. It does not include in-
ability to sell the catch because of com-
petition from imported or other com-
petitive products.
(c) Developing a new commercial
fishery. The words “developing a new
commercial fishery” mean the develop-
ment of a fishery for species of fish not
common to the commercial fishery in the
State in which the development is an-
ticipated, or on stocks of fish not then
being utilized commercially.
(d) Manufactured or processed fishery
merchandise. The words “manufac-
tured or processed fishery merchandise”
mean fishery products which are in-
cluded in the tables entitled Manufac-
tured Fishery Products appearing in the
annual Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Statistical Digests, Fishery Statistics of
the United States. Data on new prod-
ucts, or the collection of statistics on
products not formerly covered in these
tabulations, will only be included in the
subsequent year’s determination of the
apportionments.
§ 253.3 Use of research and develop-
ment funds,
(a) Apportionment and _ obligation.
On July 1 of each year, or as soon there-
after as practicable, the Secretary shall
certify to the respective State agencies
and the Secretary of the Treasury the
amount of the respective apportionments
of funds appropriated pursuant to sec-
tion 4(a) of the Act. The Governor of
each State shall notify the Secretary
which agency of the State government
is the agency authorized under its laws
to regulate commercial fisheries and a
duly authorized official of the State shall
certify as to the duly appointed official
authorized in accordance with State law
to commit the State to participation
under the provision of the Act, to sign
project documents, and to receive pay-
ments. Each interstate agency shall
provide similar certification prior to par-
ticipation in the program. The Secre-
tary shall be advised promptly of any
change made in such authorizations. No
funds may be obligated until aforesaid
certification has been received. Proposed
projects may be submitted at any time
after the apportionment is made, but
must be submitted at least 120 days prior
to the end of the fiscal year following
the year in which the apportionment to
be charged was made. Notice of obli-
gation of the funds will be furnished the
applicable State agency as soon as pos-
sible after approval of the project by
the Secretary.
120
(b) Preliminary project statement. A
preliminary project statement shall be
submitted for each proposed project
which shall contain such fundamental
information as the Secretary may re-
quire, in order to determine if the proj-
ect should be approved. The prelimi-
Nary project statement shall include
plans, specifications, duration, experi-
mental design, personnel and cost esti-
mates, as well as the source of funding.
(c) Project agreement. After the
Secretary shall have approved a pre-
liminary project statement, mutual ob-
ligations to be undertaken by the co-
operating agencies shall be evidenced by
a project agreement to be executed be-
tween the State agency and the Secre-
tary for each such project.
(d) Prosecution of work. (1) The
State Agency shall carry all approved
projects through to a stage of comple-
tion acceptable to the Secretary with
reasonable promptness. Failure to ren-
der satisfactory progress reports or fail-
ure to complete the project to the satis-
faction of the Secretary shall be cause for
the Secretary to withhold further pay-
ments until the project provisions are
satisfactorily met. Projects may be ter-
minated upon determination by the Sec-
retary that satisfactory progress has not
been maintained. The Secretary shall
have the right to inspect and review work
being done at any time.
(2) Research and/or development
work shall be continuously coordinated
by the State Agency with studies con-
ducted by other State and non-State
Agencies in order to avoid unnecessary
duplication.
(3) All work shall be performed in
accordance with applicable State laws,
except when contradictory to Federal
laws or regulations, in which case Fed-
eral law or regulations will prevail.
(e) Economy and efficiency. No
project shall be approved until the State
has shown to the satisfaction of the
Secretary that appropriate and adequate
means shall be employed to achieve
economy and efficiency in the completion
of the project.
(f) Contracts. Supply, service, equip-
ment and construction contracts involv-
ing an expenditure of $2,500 or more
entered into by a State Agency for the
execution of approved project activities
shall be based upon free and open com-
petitive bids. If a contract is awarded
to other than the lowest responsible bid-
der, the payment of the Federal portion
of the cost of the project shall be based
on the lowest responsible bid, unless it
is satisfactorily shown that it was ad-
vantageous to the project to accept a
higher bid. Upon request, the State
Agency shall certify and promptly fur-
nish to the Secretary a copy of each
contract executed and copies of all bids
received concerning the contract.
(g) Form of vouchers. Vouchers on
forms provided by the Secretary and
certified as therein prescribed, showing
amounts expended on each project and
the Federal portion claimed to be due
on account thereof shall be submitted
to the Secretary by the State Agency
either after completion of each project
or as the work progresses.
(h) Safety and accident prevention.
In the performance of each project,
the State shall comply with all applica-
ble Federal, State, and local laws gov-
erning safety, health, and sanitation.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
The State shall be responsible that all
safeguards, safety devices, and protec-
tive equipment are provided and will
take other needed actions reasonably
necessary to protect the life and health
of employees on the job and the safety
of the public and to protect property in
connection with the performance of
work on the project.
(i) Personnel. The State agency or
the contractor shall maintain an ade-
quate and competent force of employees
to initiate and carry approved projects
through. to satisfactory completion.
Personnel employed on approved proj-
ects by the State Agency shall be se-
lected on the basis of their competence
to perform the services required and
shall conduct their duties in a manner
acceptable to the Secretary.
(j) Nondiscrimination. Each project
agreement shall contain the applicable
sections of Executive Order No. 10925,
dated March 6, 1961, as amended, per-
taining to nondiscrimination and shall
also be subject to Public Law 88-352 and
any regulations promulgated thereunder.
§ 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds.
(a) Determination. The Secretary
shall cause to be published in the Frp-
ERAL REGISTER a notice of finding that a
commercial fishery failure due to a re-
source disaster arising from natural or
undetermined causes exists at the time
such a finding is made. After such pub-
lication, resource disaster funds may be
used for the following purposes with the
cooperation of the respective State
Agencies:
(1) Payments causing the removal
from the usual markets of stocks of fish
or shellfish of the species listed in the
said finding which are preventing normal
trade operations. No payments will be
made under this paragraph unless the
Secretary deems such action necessary to
aid in restoring normal trade opera-
tions; the person receiving such pay-
ment, if not the primary producer, pro-
vides evidence that he has reimbursed the
primary producer, or such other person
from whom the raw fish was purchased;
the person receiving such payments has
furnished the Secretary with such in-
formation regarding purchases, costs,
sales, etc., as the Secretary may require;
and satisfactory evidence of removal of
the products from channels of distribu-
tion, including storage, shall be provided
to the Secretary. No payments may be
made for any product which was re-
moved from storage or other channels
of distribution prior to the approval of
this Act.
(2) Payments to primary producers of
the species of fish listed in the said find-
ing to assist them in obtaining gear or
equipment necessary to operate in the
same or a different fishery than that af-
fected by the said resource disaster. No
payments will be made under this para-
graph unless the Secretary deems such
action necessary to aid in restoring
primary producers adversely affected by
the said commercial fishery failure to a
condition where they can operate profit-
ably; the person receiving such pay-
ments furnishes the Secretary with such
information regarding catches, sales and
costs as the Secretary may require; and
the person receiving such payments
agrees to operate the gear purchased
with the assistance of such payment in
a manner satisfactory to the Secretary.
Vol. 26, No. 12
(3) Short-term loans for operating
expenses of primf&ry producers. When
loans are made under this paragraph,
the interest rate shall be 3 percent and
repayment will be required only from net
profits of the fishing operation, which
net profit shall be reduced by such rea-
sonable amount as determined by the
Secretary for the salary of the fisher-
man. No such loans will be made unless
the Secretary deems such action neces-
sary to aid in restoring primary pro-
ducers adversely affected by the said
commercial fishery failure to a condi-
tion that will permit them to resume
operations; the funds are not otherwise
available on reasonable terms; and the
past earning and credit record of the ap-
plicant is such that it provides reason-
able assurance of repayment.
(4) Payments to State Agencies for
projects directly related to the restora-
tion of the fishery affected by the said
resource disaster or to prevent a similar
failure of the fishery in the future. Such
preliminary project proposals and their
processing will be subject to all regula-
tions relating thereto in this Part, except
that these projects will be given prefer-
ence over other proposed projects with
reference to the use of funds obtained
under subsection 4(b) of the Act, and
Federal funds may be used for 100 per-
cent of the cost of the project if all of
the funds are obtained from appropria-
tions authorized under subsection 4(b)
of the Act.
(b) Non-determination. At any time
when there is no finding of a commercial
fishery failure as described in subsection
(a) of this section, the Secretary may, if
he deems such action to be in further-
ance of the purposes of the Act, approved
preliminary project proposals for fund-
ing under subsection 4(b) of the Act
from funds carried over from previous
fiscal years; provided however, that no
preliminary project proposal from any
State will be funded under this subsec-
tion until that State has had all of its
available apportioned funds, if any, ob-
tained from appropriations authorized
under subsection 4(a) of the Act,
obligated.
§ 253.5 Use of new commercial fishery
funds.
Preliminary project proposals leading
to the establishment of a new commer-
cial fishery may be approved for funding
under this section when the Secretary
finds that the proposal, if approved and
carried out, will reasonably assure the
establishment of a new commercial
fishery within the State submitting the.
proposal. All proposals under this sec-
tion will be subject to all applicable reg-
ulations of this Part, except that 100
percent of the project costs may be paid
from Federal funds and, if the Secretary
deems that the proposal will further the
purposes of the Act, these proposals may
be approved without the requirement
that the State submitting the proposal
first have obligated all of its apportioned
funds, if any.
§ 253.6 Financial responsibility.
(a) State Agencies are required to
account for each approved project.
Cost accounting records, consistent with
generally accepted accounting standards,
shall be maintained for each project
separately.
(b) State Agencies are responsible for
the financial management of the project.
December 1964
Appropriate internal controls will, there-
fore, be adopted and installed to insure
that the project is accomplished in the
most efficient and economical manner.
§ 253.7 Reporting.
(a) Quarterly progress reports on ap-
proved projects will be furnished by
State Agencies. These reports will be
compiled on forms approved by the Sec-
retary. Progress payments or other
disbursements will not be made unless
reporting requirements are met.
(b) Completion reports, on forms ap-
proved by the Secretary, are required
when the project is completed pursuant
to the project agreement. Final prog-
ress payments to State Agencies on indi-
vidual projects will not be made until a
completion report has been rendered
and accepted by the Secretary. Com-
pletion reports with respect to research
and development projects will contain
a certification that the State Agency has
contributed at least 25 percent of the
total project cost.
(c) A mutual release will be executed
by the State Agency and the Secretary,
or his authorized representative, when
both parties have fulfilled their respec-
tive obligations under the agreement or
contract.
(d) Copies of audit reports on audits
of projects made by State auditors or
inspectors shall be furnished the Secre-
tary and will not be returned to State
Agencies.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
§ 253.8 Record retention.
(a) All records of accounts, reporting
and supporting documentation thereto
will be retained by the State or State
Agency for a period of 3 years after the
project is completed.
(b) Loan applicants, to whom a loan
has been granted pursuant to section 9
of Public Law 88-309 or § 253.4(a) (3),
shall retain all records incident to the
fishing operation for a period of 3 years
after the Note has been satisfied.
§ 253.9 Audit and inspection.
(a) Authorized representatives of the
Department of the Interior and the
United States General Accounting Office
shall have the right to audit, examine or
inspect accounts, books, documents and
other pertinent records involving opera-
tions and transactions under the reg-
ulations in this part.
(b) State Agencies are expected to
provide for a system of periodic internal
review or audit by State employees.
(c) Periodic audits will be performed
on projects with State Agencies and
other operations provided for in Public
Law 88-309 by authorized representa-
tives of the United States Government.
Audits may be performed on active proj-
ects and within 3 years after the project
is completed.
(d) Audit exceptions involving adjust-
ments in payment to any State Agency
on any project, whether active or com-
121
pleted, may be applied to other approved
Projects or to applicable apportionments
of funds to State Agencies.
§ 253.10. Officials not to benefit.
No member of or delegate to Congress
or resident comntissioner, shall be admit-
ted to any share or any part of an agree-
ment, or to any benefit that may arise
therefrom; but this provision shall not
be construed to extend to this agreement
if made with a corporation for its gen-
eral benefit.
§ 253.11 Patents and inventions.
Determination of the patent rights in
any inventions or discoveries made in the
course of or under any research and de-
velopment contract entered into pursuant
to the Act shall be governed by the State-
ment of Government Patent Policy pro-
mulgated by the President in his memo-
randum of October 10, 1963 (3 CFR 1963
Supp. p. 238, 28 F.R. 10943).
§ 253.12 Convict labor.
In connection with the performance of
work, the State Agency agrees not to
employ any person undergoing sentence
of imprisonment at hard labor.
This amendment shall become effective
on the date of publication in the FepERAL
REGISTER.
Joun M. KELLY,
Acting Secretary
of the Interior.
Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 pp. 25,
85; September 1964 p. 100; August 1964 p. 95.
PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR
FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION
ASSISTANCE ANNOUNCED:
Proposed regulations to govern the oper-
ation of a new program (United States Fishing
Fleet Improvement Act--Public Law 88-498)
to encourage construction of fishing vessels
in United States shipyards were announced by
the U. S. Department of the Interior on Octo-
ber 8, 1964, and published in that day's Fed-
eral Register,
The United States Fishing Fleet Improve-
ment Act provides for payment, under certain
conditions, of the difference between building
a vessel in United States shipyards and in less
expensive foreign shipyards, with a maximum
payment of 50 percent of the United States cost,
The legislation was signed by President John-
son August 30, 1964, It authorized the appro-
priation of $10 million annually for the program,
Just before adjourning, Congress voted a $2.5
million appropriation to operate the program
for the current Fiscal Year (July 1, 1964 -
June 30, 1965),
To be eligible, a vessel must be "of advance
design,'' as further defined in the proposed
OcToBER 1, 1964.
regulations, but must not cause economic hard-
ship to efficient vessel operations already work-
ing in the same fishery. An applicant must
possess the ability, experience, resources and
other qualifications necessary to operate and
maintain the new vessel. A hearing is to be
held on each application.
Under the proposed rules, the vessel must
be a modern one which will upgrade the fleet,
and special consideration will be given vessels
which will provide a significant contribution in
helping the domestic fishery meet foreign com-
petition.
Notice of Proposed Rule Making as publish-
ed in the Federal Register, October 8, 1964,
follows:
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[50 CFR Part 256]
FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIF-
FERENTIAL SUBSIDY PROCEDURES
Notice of Proposed Rule Making
Notice is hereby given that pursuant
to the authority vested in the Secretary
of the Interior by the Act of June 12,
1960 (P.L. 86-516; 46 U.S.C. 1401-1413),
as amended, it is proposed to revise 50
CFR Part 256 as set forth below. The
purpose of the revision is to incorporate
122
those changes necessitated by the enact-
ment of the United States Fishing Fleet
Improvement Act (P.L. 88-498) which
was approved on August 30, 1964. This
Act amended the Act of June 12, 1960, by
extending the date for receipt of applica-
tions and changed the eligibility require-
ments as well as increasing the maxi-
mum amount of the subsidy which can
be paid. Due to the numerous changes
being proposed, the procedures will be
more readily understood if the entire
part is revised.
This proposed regulation relates to
matters which are exempt from the rule
making requirements of the Administra-
tive Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003) ; how-
ever, it is the policy of the Department
of the Interior that, whenever practica-
ble, the rule making requirements be
observed voluntarily. Accordingly, in-
terested persons may submit in triplicate
written comments, suggestions, or ob-
jections with respect to the proposed
amendments to the Director, Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within
30 days of the date of publication of
this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
Part 256 reads as follows:
Sec.
256.1 Basis and purpose.
256.2 Definitions.
256.3 Eligibility requirements.
256.4 Applications.
256.5 Notice and hearing.
256.6 Subsidy contract.
256.7 Vessel operations.
256.8 Penalties.
256.9 Inspection of vessels.
256.10 Payment of subsidy.
AvuTHoRITY: The provisions of this Part 256
issued under sec. 10, P.L. 86-516, as amended.
§ 256.1 Basis and purpose.
(a) The Act of June 12, 1960 (P.L. 86-
516), as amended and hereinafter re-
ferred to as the Act, authorizes the Sec-
retary of the Interior to pay a subsidy
for the construction of fishing vessels in
shipyards of the United States.
(b) The purpose of this part is to pre-
Scribe rules and regulations governing
the payment of these subsidies.
§ 256.2 Definitions.
(a) Secretary. The Secretary of the
Interior or his authorized representative.
(b) Administrator. The Maritime
Administrator in the Department of
Commerce or his authorized repre-
sentative.
(c) Person. Individual, association,
partnership or corporation, or any one
or all as the context requires.
(d) Fishery. A segment of the com-
mercial fishing industry engaged in the
catching of a single species or a group
of species of fish and shellfish. To be
considered as operating in a fishery, the
catch of species in that fishery must
amount to at least fifty-one percent
(51%) (at the option of the owner by
ex-vessel weight or ex-vessel value) of
the total catch of the vessel during the
calendar year.
(e) Expanded areas. Fishing grounds
not usually fished by the majority of the
vessels operating in the fishery for which
the proposed vessel is designed.
(f) Newly developed gear. The most
modern gear available that is suitable for
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
use in the fishery for which the proposed
vessel is designed.
§ 256.3 Eligibility requirements.
(a) Vessel will be of advance design:
In order to be considered to be of advance
design, the vessel must be designed to
have significant advantages in utility and
efficiency over a significant number of
vessels engaged in the fishery in which
the proposed vessel is designed to
operate.
(b) No economic hardship to efficient
vessel operators: The determination that
operation of a proposed vessel will not
cause economic hardship to efficient ves-
sel operators already operating in that
fishery shall be made by the Secretary
after notice and hearing, taking into
consideration the condition of the re-
source, the efficiency of the vessels and
gear being operated in that fishery com-
pared with the proposed vessel, the pros-
pects of the market for the species
caught, and the degree and duration of
any anticipated economic hardship.
(c) Aid in the development of the
United States fisheries: For the vessel to
aid in the development of the United
States fisheries under conditions that the
Secretary considers to be in the public
interest, the vessel must be a modern
vessel which will upgrade the fleet.
Special consideration will be: given to
vessels which will provide a significant
contribution in helping the domestic
fishery meet foreign competition.
(d) The applicant possesses the abil-
ity, experience, resources and other
qualifications necessary to enable him to
operate and maintain the proposed new
fishing vessel. In making this deter-
mination, the Secretary will inquire into
the economic feasibility of the fishing
venture and will require reasonable as-
surance that the applicant can operate
the vessel profitably.
§ 256.4 Applications.
Applications for a subsidy shall be
made on forms prescribed by the Secre-
tary and shall be filed with the Director,
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wash-
ington, D.C. The applications must be
accompanied by three copies of the cross
section, deck arrangement, outboard pro-
file, and specifications of the proposed
vessel. The Secretary may require such
additional complete detailed construc-
tion plans as may be necessary after a
review of the application and accom-
Panying plans and specifications.
§ 256.5 Notice and hearing.
After receipt of an application eligible
on its face for a construction differential
subsidy the Secretary will publish a No-
tice of Hearing on a Subsidy Application
in the FEDERAL REGISTER and hold hear-
ings in accordance therewith. The pur-
pose of the hearing will be to provide
any person who feels he will be eco-
nomically injured by the construction
of the proposed vessel to cross-examine
witnesses and/or present evidence that
the operation of such vessel will cause
economic hardship to efficient vessel op-
erators already operating in the fishery
for which the vessel is.designed. Hear-
ing procedures will be held in accord-
ance with Part 257 of this subchapter.
§ 256.6 Subsidy contract.
(a) A contract for the payment of the
subsidy will take effect when all con-
tracts between the applicant for such
Vol. 26, No. 12
subsidy and the shipbuilder, who is to
construct such vessel, have been ap-
proved by the Administrator and the
subsidy contract has been signed by the
Secretary and the applicant; and
(b) The contract shall contain a find-
ing of the useful life of the vessel as
determined by the Secretary to be used
in computing the amount of the total
depreciated construction subsidy to be
repaid to the Secretary in accordance
with section 9 of the Act.
§ 256.7 Vessel operations.
(a) If the owner of a fishing vessel
constructed with the aid of a subsidy
desires to operate it in a different fishery
than the one for which it was designed
because of an actual decline in that par-
ticular fishery, he shall submit an ap-
plication to the Secretary for permission
to transfer the operations of the fessel
to a different fishery. The application
shall contain data showing the decline
in the fishery for which the vessel was
designed, how this decline is making the
operation of the vessel uneconomical or
less economical, and why the transfer
will not cause economic hardship or in-
jury to efficient vessel operators already
operating in the fishery to which he
wishes to transfer operations.
(b) Upon receipt of such an applica-
tion the Secretary will publish a Notice
of Hearing on an Application to Change
Fishery in the FeprraL REGISTER and
hold hearings in accordance therewith.
The purpose of the hearings will be to
provide any person who feels he will be
economically injured by said transfer of
fishing operations an opportunity to
cross-examine witnesses and/or present
evidence that such a transfer of opera-
tions will cause economic hardship or
injury to efficient vessel operators al-
ready operating in the fishery to which
the vessel’s operations would be trans-
ferred. Hearing procedures will be held
in accordance with Part 257 of this
subchapter.
§ 256.8 Penalties.
In case the Secretary shall find that
a& vessel has operated contrary to the
provisions of the Act or of regulations
issued thereunder, he shall immediately
notify the owner in writing of the spe-
cific acts involved and the amount of the
penalty. The vessel owner may appeal
such a finding to the Secretary in writ-
ing within 30 days of the date of mailing
such finding to the last known address
of the vessel owner. The amount of
penalty assessed in any one year shall be
equal to the total subsidy paid multiplied
by the ratio that one year bears to the
total number of years determined, by the
Secretary, as the useful life of the ves-
sel: Provided, however, That if this
amount is not paid within 60 days after
receipt of notice then the amount due
shall be the total amount of the subsidy
paid depreciated to the beginning of the
year in which the vessel operated unlaw-
fully. Any amount due hereunder shall
constitute a maritime lien against the
vessel effective at the time the Secretary
determines that the vessel has operated
in violation of the Act or regulations.
§ 256.9 Inspection of vessels.
The Secretary or the Administrator
shall have access at all times to all ves-
sels which are being constructed under
@ contract providing for a construction
subsidy provided for by the Act.
December 1964
§ 256.10 Payment of subsidy.
The subsidy will be paid to the appli-
cant after the vessel is completed and
evidence of full payment to the shipyard
constructing the vessel is presented; or
jointly to the applicant and the shipyard
upon completion and delivery of the
vessel,
RoserT M. PAvt,
Deputy Assistant Secretary
of the Interior.
OcToBER 2, 1964.
K Ok Ok KK
PROPOSED REGULATIONS
ANNOUNCED FOR NOTICE AND
HEARING REQUIREMENTS OF
FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT:
‘Proposed regulations to provide procedures
for notice and hearing requirements of the
United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act
(Public Law 88-498) were announced by the
U. S. Department of the Interior and publish-
ed in the Federal Register, October 29, 1964,
The Act, as amended, requires a notice and
hearing on certain phases of each application |
for a fishing vessel construction subsidy and
for permission for a vessel to change fisher-
ies when such vessel has been constructed
with the aid of the subsidy.
‘The proposed regulations on procedures
for notice and hearing requirements include:
basis and purpose; definitions; scope of rules;
authentication; inspection of records; appear-
ance and practice; form, executionandservice
of documents; notice, pleadings and replies;
hearing procedure; evidence; and decisions,
Interested persons were given until Novem-
ber 17, 1964, to submit written comments,
suggestions, or objections on the proposed
regulations to the Director, Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries,
The regulations as they appeared in the
Federal Register follow:
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[50 CFR Part 2571]
RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE
FOR NOTICE AND HEARING ON
SUBSIDIES
Notice of Proposed Rule Making
Notice is hereby given that pursuant to
the authority vested in the Secretary of
the Interior by the Act of June 12, 1960
(Public Law 86-516; 46 U.S.C. 1401-
1413), as amended, it is proposed to adopt
50 CFR Part 257 as set forth below. The
|
|
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
purpose of these regulations is to provide
procedures for notice and hearing re-
quirements of the United States Fishing
Fleet Improvement Act (Public Law 88—
498) which was approved August 30, 1964.
This Act amended the Act of June 12,
1960, and requires a notice and hearing
on certain phases of each application for
a subsidy and for permission for a vessel
to change fisheries when such vessel has
been constructed with the aid of this
subsidy.
This proposed regulation relates to
matters which are exempt from the rule
making requirements of the Administra-
tive Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003) ; how-
ever, it is the policy of the Department of
the Interior that, whenever practicable,
the rule making requirements be ob-
served voluntarily. Accordingly, inter-
ested persons may submit written com-
ments, suggestions, or objections with
respect to the proposed amendments to
the Director, Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D.C., 20240, within 20 days
of the date of publication of this notice
in the FepERAL REGISTER.
Sec.
257.1 Basis and purpose.
257.2 Definitions.
257.3 Scope of rules.
257.4 Mailing address:
257.5 Authentication.
257.6 Inspection of records.
257.7 Appearance and practice.
257.8 Parties.
257.9 Form, execution and service of docu-
ments.
257.10 Notice, pleadings and replies.
257.11 Duties of Presiding Officer.
257.12 Hearing procedure.
257.13 Evidence.
257.14 The record.
257.15 Decisions.
AvuTHoRITY: The provisions of this Part
257 issued under the Act of June 12, 1960
(Public Law 86-516), as amended.
§ 257.1 Basis and purpose.
(a) The Act of June 12, 1960 (Public
Law 86-516), as amended by the United
States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act
(Public Law 88-498) authorizes the Sec-
retary of the Interior to pay a subsidy for
the construction of fishing vessels in
shipyards of the United States and re-
quires that this be done only after Notice
and Hearing.
(b) The purpose of this part is to
establish rules of practice and procedure
for the notice and hearing.
§ 257.2 Definitions.
Definitions shall be the same as in
Part 256 of this subchapter.
§ 257.3 Scope of rules,
The regulations in this part govern the
procedure in hearings subject to Part
256 of this subchapter. These hearings
are subject to the Administrative Proce-
dure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003, et seq.) and
Practice Before The Department of the
Interior (43 CFR Part 1). The regula-
tions shall be construed to secure the
just, speedy, and inexpensive determina-
tion of every proceeding with full pro-
tection for the rights of all parties
therein.
§ 257.4 Mailing address.
Documents required to be filed in, and
correspondence relating to, proceedings
governed by the regulations in this part
shall be addressed to the Director, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, Depart-
ment of the Interior, Washington, D.C.,
20240.
123
124
§ 257.5 Authentication.
All rules, orders, determinations, and
decisions of the Secretary shall be signed
by the Secretary.
§ 257.6 Inspection of records.
The files and records of these hearings,
except those held by the Secretary for
good cause to be confidential, shall be
open to inspection and copying as
follows:
(a) All pleadings, motions, deposi-
tions, correspondence, exhibits, tran-
scripts of testimony, exceptions, briefs,
and decisions in any formal proceeding
under this part may be inspected and
copied in the office of the Chief, Branch
of Loans and Grants, Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, Department of the In-
terior, Washington, D.C., 20240. »
(b) Orders, rules, rulings, opinions,
determinations, and decisions may be in-
spected in the office of the Chief, Branch
of Loans and Grants, except those held
by the Secretary for good cause to be
confidential and not cited as precedents.
§ 257.7 Appearance and practice.
(a) A party may appear in person or
by an officer, partner or regular employee
of the party; by or with counsel or as
otherwise permitted by 43 CFR Part 1in
any proceeding under the regulations in
this part. A party may offer testimony,
produce and examine witnesses, and be
heard upon brief and at oral argument
if oral argument is granted by the Pre-
siding Officer. Attorneys-at-law who
are admitted to practice before the Fed-
eral Courts or before the courts of any
State or possession of the United States,
may represent a party as counsel.
(b) Persons who appear at any hear-
ing shall deliver a written notice of ap-
pearance to the official reporter, stating
for whom the appearance is being made.
The Presiding Officer may require a per-
son making an appearance in a repre-
sentative capacity to show his authority
to act in such capacity. The written ap-
pearance shall be made a part of the
record.
§ 257.8 Parties.
(a) The term “party” shall include
any natural person, corporation, associa-
tion, firm, partnership, trustee, receiver,
cooperative or governmental agency de-
termined by the Presiding Officer as hav-
ing an interest in the proceedings. A
party making an application shall be
designated as “applicant.” A party
whose petition for leave to intervene is
granted shall be designated an “inter-
venor.” Only a party as designated in
this section may introduce evidence or
examine witnesses at hearings.
(b) For an intervenor to prove an in-
terest in the hearings he must show that
there is a reason for belief that the op-
eration of the vessel described in the
application will cause economic injury or
hardship to efficient vessel operators al-
ready operating in the fishery in which
it is proposed that the vessel be operated.
§ 257.9 Form, execution and service of
documents.
(a) All papers to be filed under the
regulations in this part shall be clear
and legible; and shall be dated, signed in
ink, contain the docket description and
title of the proceeding and the title, if
any, and the address of the signatory.
Five copies of all papers are required to
be filed. Documents filed shall be ex-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
ecuted by (1) the person or persons filing
same, (2) by an authorized officer thereof
if it be a corporation or, (3) by an attor-
ney or other person having authority
with respect thereto.
(b) All documents, when filed, shall
show that service has been made upon
all parties to the proceeding. Such serv-
ice shall be made by deli ~ ing one copy
to each party in person or by mailing by
first class mail, properly addressed with
postage prepaid. When a party has ap-
Feared by attorney or other representa-
tive, service on such attorney or other
representative will be deemed service
upon the party. The date of service of
document shall be the day when the
matter served is deposited in the United
States mail, shown by the postmark
thereon, or is delivered in person, as the
case may be.
(c) The original of every document
filed under this part and required to be
served upon all parties to a proceeding
shall be accompanied by a certificate of
service signed by the party making serv-
ice, stating that such service has been
made upon each party to the proceeding.
Certificates of service may be in substan-
tially the following form:
I hereby certify that I have this day served
the foregoing document upon all parties of
record in this proceeding by: (1) Mailing
postage prepaid, (2) delivering in person, a
copy to each party.
Dated at -_-_------ this day of
§ 257.10 Notice, pleadings and replies.
(a) After acceptance of an applica-
tion eligible on its face for construction
subsidy or for the transfer of a vessel to
a different fishery, the Director, Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries, shall publish a
notice of hearing in the FEDERAL REcIS-
TER advising that a hearing will be held
not less than 30 days after date of such
publication and setting the time and
place and providing details with respect
to such hearing. Any person desiring to
intervene and present evidence that the
approval of the application will cause
economic injury or hardship to efficient
vessel operators must file, at least 10
days prior to the date set for the hearing
(unless otherwise consented to by the
Presiding Officer), a Petition of Inter-
vention setting forth his interest. The
hearing will be held in Washington, D.C.,
unless such a petition is received. If
such a petition is received, the Presiding
Officer may designate a different hearing
site by telegraphic notice to the parties
in the proceedings. If no petition to in-
tervene is received, it will not be neces-
sary for the applicant to appear at the
hearing if he files all information in
writing as required by the Presiding
Officer.
(b) All petitions shall be in writing
and shall state the petitioner’s grounds
of interest in the subject matter; the
facts relied upon, the relief sought; and
shall cite the authority upon which the
petition rests. The petition shall be
served upon all parties named therein or
affected thereby. Answers to petitions
must be filed within 5 days of the hear-
ing date, unless otherwise consented to
by the Presiding Officer.
(c) Amendments or supplements to
pleadings may be allowed or refused in
the discretion of the Presiding Officer.
The Presiding Officer may direct a party
Vol. 26, No. 12
to state its case more fully and in more
detail by way of amendment. If a re-
sponse to an amended pleading is neces-
sary, it may be filed and served within
the time set by the Presiding Officer.
Amendments or supplements allowed
prior to hearing will be served in the
Same manner as the original pleading.
(d) All motions and requests for rul-
ings shall state the relief sought, the
authority relied upon and the facts al-
leged. If made before or after the hear-
ing, such motions shall be in writing. If
made at the hearing, motions may be
stated orally: Provided, however, that
the Presiding Officer may require such
motion to be reduced to writing and filed
and served in the same manner as a for-
mal motion. Oral argument upon a
written motion, in which an answer has
been filed, may be granted within the
discretion of the Presiding Officer. An-
swers to a formal motion or pleading
shall be filed and served in the same
manner as the motion or pleading. ‘
§ 257.11 Duties of Presiding Officer.
The Presiding Officer shall have the
authority and duty to:
(a) Take or cause depositions to be
taken.
(b) Rule upon proposed amendments
or supplements to motions and pleadings.
(c) Regulate the course of the hear-
ings.
(d) Prescribe the order in which evi-
dence shall be presented.
(e) Dispose of procedural requests or
similar matters.
(f) Hear and initially rule upon all
motions and petitions before him.
(g) Administer oaths and affirmations.
(h) Examine witnesses.
(i) Rule upon offers of proof and re-
ceive competent, relevant, material, re-
liable, and probative evidence.
(j) Exclude irrelevant, immaterial, in-
competent, unreliable, repetitious or
cumulative evidence.
(k) Exclude cross-examination which
is primarily intended to elicit self-serv-
ing declarations in favor of the witness.
(1) Limit cross-examination to in-
terrogatories which are required for a
full and true disclosure of the facts in
issue.
(m) Act upon petitions to intervene. ,
(n) Act upon submissions of facts or
arguments.
(o) Hear arguments at the close of
testimony.
(p) Fix the time for filing briefs,
motions and other documents to be filed
in connection with hearings.
(q) Issue the intial decisions and
dispose of any other pertinent matter
that normally and properly arises in the
course of proceedings.
§ 257.12 Hearing procedure.
(a) Unless authorized by the Presiding
Officer, witnesses will not be permitted
to read prepared testimony into the
record. The evidentiary record shall be
limited to factual and expert opinion
testimony. Arguments will not be re-
ceived in evidence but should be pre-
sented in opening and/or closing state-
ments or in briefs to the Presiding Officer.
All exhibits and responses to requests for
evidence shall be numbered consecutively
by the party submitting same and shall
be filed with the Presiding Officer if filed
during the hearing. If filed at some
other time they should be filed in accord-
December 1964
ance with § 257.4 with one copy also being
sent to each party to the hearing.
(b) Normally, the order of presenta-
tion at the hearing will be alphabetical
in each of the following categories:
(1) Applicant,
(2) Intervenors.
Rebuttal should be presented without any
adjournment in the proceedings.
(c) Cross-examination shall be limited,
subject to § 257.13(b), to the scope of the
direct examination and to witnesses
whose testimony is adverse to the party
desiring to cross-examine. Only cross-
examination which is necessary to test
the truth and completeness of the direct
testimony and exhibits will be permitted.
(d) A request for oral argument at the
close of testimony will be granted or
denied by the Presiding Officer in his
discretion.
(e) Rulings of the Presiding Officer
may not be appealed prior to, or during,
the course of the hearings, except in
extraordinary circumstances where
prompt decision by the Secretary is
necessary to prevent unusual delay or
expense, in which instance the matter
shall be referred forthwith to the Secre-
tary by the Presiding Officer. Any ap-
peal shall be filed within 10 days from
the date of the close of the hearing.
§ 257.13 Evidence.
(a) In any proceedings under this
part, all evidence which is relevant,
material, reliable and probative, and not
unduly repetitious or cumulative, shall
be admissible. Irrelevant and immate-
rial or unduly repetitious evidence shall
be excluded.
(b) Each party shall have the right
to present his case or defense by oral or
documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal
evidence; and to conduct such cross-
examination as may be required for a
full and true disclosure of the facts.
(c) At any time during the hearing
the Presiding Officer may call for the
Small Business Administration
LOANS TO NEW ENGLAND
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FIRMS
IN SEPTEMBER 1964:
Approval of 2 commercial fisheries loans
in September 1964 was announced October 6,
1964, by the Boston Regional Office of the
Small Business Administration (SBA),
A $15,000 direct loan to run 6 years at 4
percent interest was made to Plymouth Pack-
ing Co., Inc., Plymouth, Mass,
been established to process and distribute
precooked frozen stuffed lobster, The loan
funds were for machinery and equipment
($3,800), inventory ($5,000), packaging sup-
plies ($3,200), and working capital ($3,000).
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
production of further relevant and ma-
terial evidence, reports, studies and anal-
yses upon any issue, and require such
evidence to be presented by the party
or parties concerned, either at the hear-
ing or adjournment thereof. Such ma-
terial shall be received subject to ap-
propriate motions, cross-examination
and/or rebuttal. If a witness refuses to
testify or produce the evidence as re-
quested, the Presiding Officer shall forth-
with report such refusal to the Secretary.
§ 257.14 The record.
(a) The Director, Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, will designate an offi-
cial reporter for all hearings. The offi-
cial transcript of testimony taken, to-
gether with any exhibits and briefs filed
therewith, shall be filed with the Direc-
tor, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
Transcripts of testimony will be avail-
able in any proceeding under the regu-
lations of this part, and will be supplied
by the official reporter to the parties
and to the public, except when required
for good cause to be held confidential,
at rates fixed by the contract between
the United States of America and the
reporter. If the reporter is an employee
of the Department of the Interior, the
rate will be fixed by the Director, Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries.
(b) The transcript of testimony and
exhibits, together with all papers and
requests, including rulings and the ini-
tial decision filed in the proceeding, shall
constitute the exclusive record for deci-
sion. The initial decision will be predi-
cated on this same record, as will the
final decision,
§ 257.15 Decisions.
(a) The Presiding Officer is delegated
the authority to render initial decisions
in all proceedings before him. The same
officer who presides at the reception of
evidence shall render the initial decision
except when such officer becomes un-
available to the Department of the
v3
The firm has
125
Interior. In such case, another Presid-
ing Officer will be designated by the
Secretary to render the initial decision.
Briefs, or other documents, to be sub-
mitted after the hearing must be re-
ceived not later than ten (10) days after
the hearing unless otherwise extended
by the Presiding Officer upon motion by
@ party. The initial decision shall be
made within twenty (20) days after the
hearing or the receipt of all briefs,
whichever is later. If no appeals from
the initial decision are received within
ten (10) days of the date of the initial
decision, it will become the final decision
on the twentieth day following the date
of the initial decision. If an appeal is
received, the appeal will be transmitted
to the Secretary who will render the final
decision after considering the record and
the appeal.
(b) Allinitial and final decisions, shall
include a statement of findings and con-
clusions, as well as the reasons or basis
therefor, upon the material issues pre-
sented. A copy of each decision shall
be served on the parties to the proceed-
ing, and furnished to interested persons
upon request.
(c) Official notice may be taken of
such matters as might be judicially no-
ticed by the courts; or of technical or
scientific facts within the general or spe-
cialized knowledge of the Department of
the Interior as an expert body; or of
& document required to be filed with
or published by a duly constituted Gov-
ernment body: Provided, That where a
decision or part thereof rests on the of-
ficial notice of a material fact not ap-
pearing in the evidence of the record,
the fact of official notice shall be so
stated in the decision and any party,
on timely request, shall be afforded an
opportunity to show the contrary.
Frank P. Briccs,
Assistant Secretary of the Interior.
OcToBER 26, 1964.
A $2,000 direct loan was made to Frank L,
Howard, Jr., Portsmouth, N. H., who oper-
ates a restaurant and lobster fishing business,
KOK OK KK
DISASTER LOANS FOR
HURRICANE-DAMAGED AREAS:
The Small Business Administration (SBA)
has authorized disaster loan assistance in
those areas of Florida, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi, and Louisiana damaged by the
recent hurricanes and accompanying torna-
does, Disaster loans at 3 percent interest
and terms up to 20 years are available to help
restore businesses and homes suffering storm
damage, Field agents of the Small Business
Administration should be contacted for addi-
tional information,
a&~eos
126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Eighty -Eighth Congress
(Second Session)
Public bills and resolutions which may di-
rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and
tH
{Le
(imei
allied industries are reported upon. Intro-
duction, referral to committees, pertinent
legislative actions by the House and Senate,
as well as signature into law or other final
disposition are covered.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT APPROPRIA-
TIONS: Agricultural Appropriations for 1965, Hear-
ings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Ap-
propriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd
Session, on H.R. 11202, making Appropriations for the
Department of Agriculture and the Farm Credit Admin-
istration for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and
for other purposes, 1,415 pp., printed; Volume I, Farm-
ers Home Administration, Rural Electrification Admin-
istration, Testimony of Members of Congress, Organ=
izations and Individuals, Reports to the Committee from
Department of Agriculture, 868 pp., illus., printed.
Hearings began March 10, 1964, and were completed
July 22, 1964. Contents consist of Departmental testi-
mony justifying the request for funds. Included are
statements and testimony on the Agriculture Market
News Service and its new services.
CHEMICAL PESTICIDES COORDINATION: Inter=-
ization and International Organizations of the Committee
on Government Operations, United States Senate, 88th
Congress, 1st Session, Agency Coordination Study (Pur-
suant to S. Res. 27, 88th Cong., as amended). Coordin-
ation of Activities Relating to the Use of Pesticides,
Part I (including exhibits), May 16, 22, 23, June 4, 25,
1963; Part 2 (including exhibits), July 17, 1963; Part 3
(including exhibits) July 18 and 23, 1963; Part 4 (includ-
ing exhibits), Aug. 20 and 21, 1963; 1,059 pp., illus.,
printed. Included are testimonies and exhibits submit-
ted by various Federal and state officials, Senators,
doctors, associations, and representatives of business
firms. The Subcommittee examined interagency coord-
ination in environmental hazards and the role of the
Federal Government as it deals with man's contamin-
ation of his environment. The Chairman pointed out that
contamination comes from many sources and has many
effects--in air, water, soil, crops, food, wildlife, and
human beings. One consequence of this chemical age
in which we live is the hazard to the environment cre-
ated by use of chemical poisons to control insects and
Vol. 26, No. 12
other pests, eliminate undesired vegetation, and prevent
the infection of plants and animals--including man--
by disease organisms. The use of chemical poisons is
widespread and growing, The National Academy of
Sciences estimates that since World War II the produc-
tion of pesticides, including herbicides, fungicides, and
insecticides has reached a total of approximately 1bil-
lion pounds annually or about 6 pounds per person, The
chemicals have a great potential for good and for harm,
The purpose of the hearings was to find out just what
the problem is, how much we know about it, and don't
know, and what the Government, industry, andthe public
are doing about it. Of special concern is the extent to
which the various Federal agencies interested in the
problem coordinate their activities, exchange informa-
tion, and administer their various programs ofresearch,
use, and regulation inan efficient and economical manner,
FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: Fish Protein Con-
centrate, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Merchant
Marine and Fisheries of the Committee on Commerce,
United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2ndsessionon Fed-
eral Government's research program on fish protein
concentrate, Aug, 14, 1964, Serial No. 60, 130pp., illus.,
printed. Contents include statements and letters of var-
ious Federal officials, Senators, and Sport Fishing In-
stitute. The Committee pointed out that for some 3 years
now the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been
carrying on research aimed at the development ofa con-
centrate from fish which would provide an inexpensive
yet protein-rich supplement. In fiscal 1962 Congress
appropriated $50,000 for preliminary research efforts.
The project has gotten under way on a larger scale dur-
ing the last 2 years with annual appropriations of ap-
proximately $450,000. With those funds, the Bureau is
carrying on extensive experiments in its laboratories
in College Park, Md. Various processes and reagents
are being tested, Nutrition studies are also being car-
ried out. Other studies have been let out on contract by
the Bureau. The Chairman stated that the purpose of
the hearing. was to bring the Congress and the public up
to date on the progress that is being made, The devel-
opment of an inexpensive protein supplement could en-
rich the diets of people around the world--some 2 mil-
lion of whom suffer from a protein deficiency, The
Chairman also said that they hoped in the course of the
hearing to learn what standards a marketable concen-
trate would have to meet, how the products the Bureau
has developed stand in relation to those standards, and
how expensive or difficult they would be to produce,
When time permits the scheduling of a more extensive
hearing is planned, according to the Chairman,
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: H. Doc. 353, Coasts of the
Hawaiian Islands, Letter from the Secretary of the Army,
transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, De-
partment of the Army, Dated May 15, 1964, Submitting
a Report, Together with Accompanying Papers and [l-
lustrations, on an Interim Survey of the Coasts of the
Hawaiian Islands, Authorized by the River and Harbor
Act Approved May 17, 1950; referred to Committee on
Public Works, House of Representatives, 88th Congress,
2nd Session, Aug. 19, 1964, 119 pp., illus., printed.
Contains favorable report from the, Army Chief of Engi-
neers, of harbors for light-draft vessels at eight harbor
sites in Hawaii. Besides the report of the district engi-
neer (giving the authority, description of harbors, and
economic analysis, results of investigation, and recom-
mendations), it contains comments from various Feder-
al agencies, State of Hawaii, and reports from Chief of
Engineers and Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har-
bors, One section of the report deals with Hawaii's
commercial fishing industry and discusses (1) scale of
industry and fish catch; (2) fishing boats and type of op-
December 1964
erations; and (3) future growth of fishing industry, Sev-
eral appendixes appear, including design and cost es-
timate; benefits; economic base study of the State of
Hawaii; coordination with other agencies; and summary
of public hearings.
INDIAN FISHING RIGHTS: Indian Fishing Rights,
Hearings before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of
the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United
States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, on S, J. Res.
170 and S. J. Res, 171 (Joint resolutions regarding In-
dian fishing rights), Aug, 5-6, 1964, 251 pp., printed,
Contents include texts and departmental reports (Inter-
ior, Justice) on both bills; statements and communica-
tions of Indian Tribes, Federal and state officials, and
associations; affidavits of noted biologists and fisheries
experts; U.S. Supreme Court case citations; commercial
landings of spring, summer and fall chinook and sock-
eye salmon and steelhead trout, 1951-63; Indian tribal
ordinances, fishing regulations, and resolutions; steel-
head catch in 1962; Washington State Supreme Court and
Superior Court discussions and opinions. S. J. Res. 170
would authorize states to enact and to enforce laws of a.
purely regulatory nature concerning the time and man-
ner of fishing outside an Indian Reservation that are for
the purpose of conservation of fish, and thatare equally
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
127
applicable to Indians and all other citizens without dis-
tinction; and that legislation enacted pursuant to this law
is declared to be in furtherance of and not in derogation
of the treaties involved. S, J. Res. 171 would provide
for the acquisition by the Secretary of the Interior ofthe
Indian treaty rights.
TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM: H. Doc, 366,
Annual Report on the Operation of the Trade Agreements
Program, in Accordance with Section 402 (a) of the Trade
Expansion Act of 1962; referred to the Committee on
Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 88th Con-
gress, 2nd Session, Sept, 23, 1964, 27 pp., printed. This
report lists the important advantages to the United States
of expanding international trade in 1963, Discusses the
United States and world trade in perspective; the new
organizational arrangements of the trade agreements
program under the Trade Expansion Act; the trade agree-
ments program and the GATT; progress in 1963 on re-
moval of foreign restrictions against United States ex-
ports; the revised tariff schedules; cases under the es-
cape clause provisions; and resolution on trade negotia-
tions adopted at the GATT ministerial meeting, May 16-
21, 1963, Geneva.
PRESIDENT LAUDS SAN PEDRO FISHERMEN'S FIESTA
In 1964, San Pedro (Calif.) held its 14th annual Fishermen's Fiesta, Oc-
tober 23-25, A telegraph message from President Johnson read:
"T am delighted to extend to all who participate in the San Pedro Fisher-
men's Fiesta my good wishes for a successful festival.
"Few ways of life canboast the hardy traditions of the fisherman. Fish-
ing is America's oldest occupation and one which continues to assume a vital
role in the lives of our citzens.
"Your city has throughout its eventful life been one of our nation's fore-
most fishing ports. This enviable reputationbrings just pride and distinction
1 to the people of San Pedro which serves as a truly fitting place for a tribute
to America's fishermen.
"T wish to express my warm appreciation to the men and women of San
Pedro and to all Americans who strive to preserve the honor and dignity of
the work of the fishermen. (Also see cover legend.)
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
128
4
a
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
PUBLICATIONS
THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OF-
FICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON,
D. C. 20402, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS:
CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES.
MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES,
SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW,
SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (CIMITED
DISTRIBUTION).
Number Title
CFS-3144 - Canned Fishery Products, 1962 Annual
Summary (Revised), 17 pp.
CFS-3157 - Industrial Fishery Products, 1962 Annual
Summary (Revised), 9 pp.
CFS-3536 - Virginia Landings, 1963 Annual Summary,
11 pp.
CFS-3565 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, February 1964,
16 pp.
CFS-3569 - Florida Landings, May 1964, 8 pp.
CFS-3570 - Maine Landings, June 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3571 - Frozen Fishery Products, July 1964, 8 pp.
CFS-3575 - Massachusetts Landings, February 1964,
9 pp.
CFS-3577 - Michigan Landings, May 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3578 - Massachusetts Landings, March 1964, 9 pp.
CFS-3579 - Virginia Landings, May 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3580 - Maryland Landings, June 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3581 - Texas Landings, January 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3582 - Texas Landings, February 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3585 - Mississippi Landings, January 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3587 - New York Landings, June 1964, 5 pp.
CFS-3588 - North Carolina Landings, July 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3591 - Mississippi Landings, February 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3592 - Mississippi Landings, March 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3593 - Mississippi Landings, April 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3594 - Mississippi Landings, May 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3595 - Louisiana Landings, June 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3596 - Rhode Island Landings, April 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3597 - Ohio Landings, May 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3598 - Shrimp Landings, May 1964, 5 pp.
CFS-3599 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, May 1964, 24 pp.
CFS-3603 - California Landings, June 1964, 4 pp.
CFS-3605 - Florida Landings, June 1964, 8 pp.
CFS-3606 - Fish Meal and Oil, July 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3609 - Mississippi Landings, June 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3610 - Alabama Landings, January 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3611 - Alabama Landings, February 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3612 - Alabama Landings, March 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3615 - Alabama Landings, June 1964, 3 pp.
CFS-3619 - Georgia Landings, March 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3620 - Georgia Landings, April 1964, 2 pp.
CFS-3633 - Alabama Landings, July 1964, 3 pp.
@ FISHERY PUBLICATIO
re LOL) I eS a OO LR IPE EL uN Af ue 2 p emma $d tae 4 OSA.“
i
Bie
Sep. No. 712 - Preliminary Report on Experimental
Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.).
Sep. No. 713 - Age Composition of the Commercial Cal-
ifornia Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963.
SSR-Fish. No. 446 - Age and Size Composition of the
Menhaden Catch Along the Atlantic Coast of the Unit-
ed States, 1958, with a Brief Review of the Commer-
cial Fishery, by Fred C. June and William R. Nich-
olson, 44 pp., illus., May 1964.
SSR-Fish. No. 478 - Age and Size Composition of the
Menhaden Catch along the Atlantic Coast of the Unit-
ed States, 1959, with a Brief Review of the Commer-
cial Fishery, by William R. Nicholson and Joseph R.
Higham, Jr., 37 pp., illus., July 1964. There were
705,000 tons of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyran-
nus) caught during the 1959 purse seine ‘shen aaah
614,000 tons taken during the summer fishery and
91,000 tons during the North Carolina fall fishery.
This was the second largest catch in the period 1955-
59. The number of purse-seine sets (33,099) also
reached a record in the same 5-year period. The
mean catch per set(21 tons)was the same as in 1958,
when the smallest catch (551,000 tons) in 5 years
was taken. The near-record catch was primarily the
result of 2 exceptionally large year-classes. The
1958 year-class (age-1 fish) constituted 91 percent
of the catch in the South Atlantic Area, 90 percent in
the Chesapeake Bay Area, and 58 percent in the Mid-
dle Atlantic Area. The 1956 year-class accounted
for 58 percent of the catch in the North Atlantic Area
and 58 percent in the North Carolina fall fishery.
Mean lengthand weight of age-1 fishin all areas was
the smallest in 5 years.
Annual Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass. for
Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1962, by Joseph W.
Slavin, Circular 182, 21 pp., illus., August 1964. »The
Laboratory located in the fishing port of Gloucester,
Mass., one of six operated by the Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries, specializes in investigations on im-
proving the quality of those fish and shellfish indig-
enous to the North Atlantic area of the country. Ma-
jor fisheries of that region include groundfish, sea
herring, lobsters, sea scallops, oysters, and clams.
The report discusses research on the chemistry and
biochemistry of fish, radiation-pasteurization re-
search, preservation and processing research, stand-
ards and specifications research, and inspection and
certification of fishery products. Included are publi-
cations by Laboratory personnel and a list of papers
presented at meetings.
December 1964
THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE
FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U.S, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES,
RM, 510, 1815 N, FORT MYER DR., ARLINGTON, VA, 22209,
Number Title
MNL-22 - Republic of South Africa and Territory of
South West Africa Fisheries, 1963 (Supple-
ment), 8 pp.
MNL-56 - Norwegian Fisheries, 1963, 8 pp.
MNL-75 - Argentina's Fishing Industry, 1963, 6 pp.
MNL-81 - France's Fishing Industry, 1963, 12 pp.
MNL-82 - Fisheries of Ecuador, 1962-1963 and First
Quarter 1964, 13 pp.
MNL-90 - Belgian Fishing Industry, 1963, 32 pp.
MNL-91 - Fisheries of Malaya, 1962-63, 23 pp.
MNL-92 - Greenland's Fisheries during 1963, and 1964
Trends, 58 pp.
THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE PUB-
LICATION IS AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, U. S.
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD. E., SEATTLE,
WASH, 98102.
Outline for a Fishery Economics Proyram, Translation
Series No. 38, 10 pp., processed September 1963.
(Translated from the Japanese, Fisheries Agency,
Tokyo, Japan.)
THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTI -
CLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BUREAU
OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D. C.
20560,
Development of the Sense Organs of the Lateral Life
Line System of the Perch and Ruff, by N. N. Disler,
66 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian,
Trudy Instituta Morfologii Zhivotnykh Imeni A. N.
Severtsova, vol. 2, » PP. B5-130) FALaA
Geographical Distribution of Bathypelagic Fishes of the
family N ctophidae inthe Pacific Ocean, by Theodor >
S’ Rass, 5 pp., processed. (Translated from the Rus-
sian, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, Akademii Nauk,
vol. 41, 1960, pp. 146-152.
THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR-
TICLE 1S AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE REGIONAL OFFICE, U. S. BUREAU OF
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, 101 SEASIDE AVE., TERMINAL ISLAND, CALIF,
90731.
Comments on Van Cleve and Johnson's Paper on the
(Translated from the Japanese, Northern Waters Re-
sources Research Council of Japan, Tokyo, Japan,
September 1964, 31 pp.)
THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE-
CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED,
(Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, May
and June 1 , 8 pp. each. (Market News Service,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Bal-
timore, Md. 21202.) Receiptsoffresh- and salt-wa-
ter fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by
states and provinces; total receipts by species and
comparisons with previous periods; and wholesale
prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore
market; for the months indicated.
California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary,
Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market
Data, August’ 36d, 16 pp. (Market News Service,
U. 5. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg.,
San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery re-
ceipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species
used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
129
mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at
San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; Calif-
ornia and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen
shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish;
prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month
indicated.
California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary,
Part Il - Fishing Information, August and September
1964, 15 and 8 pp., respectively, illus. (U. S. Bu-
reau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Labora-
tory, P. O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego
Calif. 92100.) Contains sea-surface temperatures,
fishing and research information of interest to the
West Codst tuna-fishing industry and marine scien-
tists; for the months indicated.
(Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale
Market Fresh and Frozen Fisher roducts Re-
ceipts, Prices, and Trends, July y oG2- 17 pp. (Mar-
ket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
U. S. Customs House, 610 S. Canal St., Rm. 1014,
Chicago, Ill. 60607.) Receipts at Chicago by species
and by states and provinces forfresh- and salt-wa-
ter fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices
for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month
indicated.
Gulf of Mexico Monthly ee Production and Ship-
ments of Fisher roducts, August 1964, 11 pp.
(Market News Service, U. S. Fishand Wildlife Serv-
ice, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La.
70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, fintish, and blue
crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express
shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of
fish and shellfish onthe New Orleans French Market
fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Tex-
as, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and pro-
duction of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales;
for the month indicated.
Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in
Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and
Maryland. August Sd September 1964, 4 pp. each.
(Market News Service, U.S. Fishand Wildlife Serv-
vice, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings
of food fishand shellfish and production of crab meat
and shucked oysters forthe Virginia areas of Hamp-
ton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and
Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Cris-
field, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Caro-
lina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City;
together with cumulative and comparative data on
fishery products and shrimp production; for the
months indicated.
New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, August
~ 1964, 22 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston
Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England
fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by
ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex-
vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish-
ery products in New England warehouses; fishery
landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massa-
chusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Province
town, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rock-
land), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut
(Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to pri-
mary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New
Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue
fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species;
for the month indicated.
130 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly
Summary, July 1964, 18 pp. (Market News Service,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New
York , N. Y. 10038.) Includes summaries and ana-
lyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton
Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-wa-
ter sections; imports entered at New York customs
district; primary wholesalers! selling prices for
fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products;
marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Mar-
ket docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indi-
cated,
Rampart Canyon Dam and Reservoir Project, Yukon
River, Alaska, 122 pp., printed, 1964. (U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska
99801.)
(Seattle) Washington and A.aska Receipts and Landings
of ae Products for Selected Areas and Fisher-
ies, Mont ly Summary, September 1964, 9 pp. (Mar-
ket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ~
706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle,
Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the hal-
ibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges;
landings of halibut reported by the International Pa-
cific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl
vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing
Association of Washington; local landings by inde-
pendent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska
by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and
airways; imports from British Columbia via rail,
motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings;
and imports from other countries through Washing -
ton customs district; for the month indicated.
THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL-
PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20 .
Outdoor Fish Cookery, Circular 189, 10 pp., July 1964,
to be purchased in quantity at $35 for the first 1,000
and $18 for each additional 1,000. A folder contain-
ing recipes for outdoor preparation of a variety of
fish and shellfish including bacon-wrapped smelt,
scallop kabobs; and Louisiana shrimp boil, and peppy
seafood sauce. Also offers tips on starting an out-
door fire, how to achieve a smoky flavor in the fish,
and how to purchase fish portions.
"Photographing otoliths and scales," by Robert K. Brig-
ham and Albert C. Jensen, article, The Progressive
Fish-Culturist, vol. 26, no. 3, July 1964; pp, 131-135,
illus.; processed, Single copy 25 cents.
Pondweeds and Pondweedlike Plants of Eastern North
America, by Neil Hotchkiss, Circilar 197, 30 Pp.,
25 cents, July 1964,
MISCELLANEOUS
PUBLICATIONS
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILO-
LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION
TSSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW
HOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER
ENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN.
Ss
M
ACCLIMATIZATION:
"Akklimatizatsiya ryb v vodoemakh Sovetskovo Soyu-
!
za''(Acclimatization of fishinwaters of the Soviet Un- |
Vol, 26, No, 12
ion), by A. Isaev, article, Rybovodstvo i Rybolovtvo,
vol. 6, no. 2, 1963, pp. 7-10, illus., printed in Rus—
Sian. Rybovodstvo i Rybolovstvo, Orlikov pereulok
1/11, Moscow, I-139, U. S. S, R,
AFRICA;
Directory of Fisheries Institutions in Africa, pro-
cessed, March 1964. FAO Regional Fisheries Of-
ficer for Africa, P. O. Box 1268, Accra, Ghana.
ALGAE:
"Chemistry of diatomic algae (Diatomeae)," by G.
K. Barashkov, article, 15 pp., processed, 1963.
(Translated from the Russian, Botanicheakiy Zhur-
nal, Akadémiya Nauk SSSR, vol. 45, no. 9, 1960, pp.
1350-1356.) Translation Division, Foreign Techno-
logy Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Ohio.
4
ANCHOVY:
“Areas de migracion y ecologia de la anchoa Lycen-
graulis olidus (Gunther) en las aguas argentinas
(Pisces, fam. Engraulidae)"' (Migration areas and
ecology of the anchovy Lycengraulis olidus--Gun-
ther--in Argentinian waters--Pisces, fam. Engrau-
lidae), by M. L. Fuster de Plaza and E. E. Boschi,
article, Contribuciones Ciencias Seria Zoologica
Universidad Buenos Aires, vol. ienofss FRLiR pp.
127-183, printed in Spanish with English summary.
Universidad Nacionale de Buenos Aires, Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
"Dinamika khimicheskogo sostava azovskoi khamsy
Vv Svyazi s oSobennostyami ee biologii'’ (Relation of
variations in the chemical composition of Azov
anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus L. to characteris -
tics of its biology), by G. E. Shul'man, article, Re-
ferativnii Zhurnal Biologiia, 1963, 3170, printed in
Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-
Informatsii, Moscow, U.S. S. R.
)
AQUATIC WEEDS:
"Control of aquatic weeds by the snail Marisa cor-
nuarietis,"’ by D. E. Seaman and W. A. Porterfield,
article, Weeds, vol. 12, no. 2, 1964, pp. 87-91, illus.,
printed. Weed Society of America, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
ARGENTINA:
Produccion Pesquera Argentina en el Primer Se-
mestre de 1564 (Fishery Production in Argentina
in the First Half of 1964), 15 pp., processed in Span-
ish, August 1964. Departamento de Investigaciones
Pesqueras, Direccion General de Pescay Conser-
vacion de la Fauna, Secretaria de Estado de Agri-
cultura y Ganaderia, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
AUSTRALIA:
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Re-
search, vol. 15, no. I, July 1964, 109 pp., illus,
printed, single copy 10s. (about US$1.40). Editorial
and Publications Section, CSIRO, Sixth Floor, 372
Albert St., East Melbourne, C2, Australia. In-
cludes, among others, articles on: ''The spiny lob-
ster, Jasus lalandei (H. Milne-Edwards), in South
Australia. I--Growth of captive animals," by D. R.
Fielder; and "Subterranean freshwater prawns
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Australia," by
W. D. Williams.
Eighth Annual Report of the Operation of the Fishin
“Industry Act 1956 during the Year Ended 30th June
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131
1964, 7 pp., processed. Department of Primary BIBLIOGRAPHIES:
Industry, Canberra, A. C. T., Australia. Agriculture, Food, Fishes, Forestry. Part I--PL-480
fans Tation Peeper, SEUS0, Topp processed, Feb-
AUSTRIA: ruary 1964, cents. Office of Technical Services,
Osterreichs Fischerei, no. 3/4, 1964, 52 pp., illus., U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.
printed in German. Bundesinstitut fur Gewasser- 20230. Public Law 480 (Agricultural Trade Develop-
forschung und Fischereiwirtschaft, Scharfling am ment and Assistance Act of 1954, as amended) au-
Mondsee, Austria. Includes articles on: ''Die exakt thorized the President to enter into agreements with
dosierte anwendung von hydratkall--ein neues heil- friendly nations for the sale abroad of American sur-
verfahren bei fischerkrankungen" (Application of a plus agricultural commodities for foreign currencies.
precise dosage of hydrate of lime in a new treat- The PL-480 Translation Program is financed with
ment of fish diseases), by Wilhelm Einsele; "Die currencies thus accrued in Israel, Poland, and Yugo-
jauchevergiftung von fischen--eine ammoniakver- slavia. Material to be translated is selected by sci-
giftung" (Sewage water poisoning of fish--ammonia entists of United States agencies participating in the
poisoning), by Elisabeth Danecker; and ''Elektro- program, and arrangements are made in those coun-
fischerei und gewasserleitvermogen in Osterreich" tries for their translation and printing. As of Janu-
(Electric fishing and stream resources in Austria). ary 1964, about 112,000 pages of translation from
Russian, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian have been com-
Selling in Austria, by Stuart M. Matlins, OBR 64-70, pleted. A charge of about one cent a page is made to
pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of In- the public for this material, helping to offset the ex-
ternational Commerce, U. S. Department of Com- pense of handling. This report lists 55 translations
merce, Washington, D. C, (For sale by the Super- on fisheries subjects.
intendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) High domestic Bibliography of Scientific Contributions, Final Report,
economic activity, the availability of foreign ex- TROct; 55-30 Sept. 62, by J. B. Hersey, I5pp., printed,
change reserves, strong demand for both consumer October 1963. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
goods and capital equipment, and the continuing lib- Woods Hole, Mass.
eralization of imports--all should assist United
States exporters interested in selling in Austria. BIOCHEMISTRY:
The report discusses import channels; import re- "Effect of lipid content on protein-sodium linolenate
quirements; distribution practices; and transporta- interaction in fish muscle homogenates," by Marga-
tion, port, and storage facilities. Also covers com- ret L. Anderson and Maynard A. Steinberg, article,
mercial practices in Austria, marketing aids, Gov- Journal of Food Science, vol. 29, no. 3, 1964, pp. 329-
ernment procurement, selling under United States 330, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-
programs, and information for business travelers. 522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, I11.
BACTERIA IN FISH: BOTULISM:
"Food putrefaction. I[I--Amine production by putre- A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Significance of
factive bacteria in fish,'' by M. Katae and H. Kawa- ~ Botulism in the Canadian Fisheries, by Charles H. —
guchi, article, Bulletin, University of Osaka Prefec- Castell, Circular (New Series) No. 14, 11 pp., printed,
ture, Ser. B, 1959, pp. 117-127, printed in Japanese. 1964. Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries
University of Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan. Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada.
BACTERIOLOGY: BRAZIL:
"Bacteriology of chilled water during the preservation} Basic Data on the Economy of Brazil, by Gertrude
of fish,"' by N. N. De Silva, article, Bulletin of the Heare, OBR 64-75, 24 pp., illus., printed, June 1964,
Fisheries Research Station of Ceylon, vol. 16, no. 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
I, 1963, pp. 1-24, printed. Department of Fisheries, Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For
P. O. Box 531, Galle Face, Colombo 3, Ceylon. sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.)
A Study of Some Organisms of Public Health Signifi- Discusses Brazil's geography, population, and Goy-
cance from Fish and Fishery Products, by M. D. ernment; economic structure; industrial sectors;
Appleman, Nora Bain, and J. M. Shewan, Torry financial institutions; foreign trade; Government role
Memoir No. 165, 9 pp., printed. (Reprinted from in the economy; and economic outlook. Also contains
The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 27, no. 1, a section covering the labor force, wages, and un-
April 1964, pp. 69-77.) Prememuieecares Station, employment.
135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland.
Conocimientos Actuales sobre la Pesca y la Biologia
"Survival of staphylococci on frozen fish," by N. N. de las Especies Marinas de Importancia Comercia
De Silva, article, Bulletin of the Fisheries Research én el Sur del Brasil (Present Knowledge of the Fish-
Station of Ceylon, vol. 16, no. 2, 1963, pp. 11-18, ery and the Biology of the Marine Species of Com-
printed. Department of Fisheries, P. O. Box 531, mercial Importance in Southern Brazil), Carpas
Galle Face, Colombo 3,, Ceylon. Technical Paper No. 1, processed in Spanish, 1964.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
BASS: tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
The Life History of the Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus
~D. Dolmieui, at Waugoshance Point, Lake Michigan, | BREAM:
by William C. Latta, Bulletin No. 5, 56 par peniec Preliminary Studies on Life History of Threadfin Bream
1963. Institute for Fisheries Research, Ann Arbor, RUS HEXODON) in the Guif of Thailand,
Mich. by A. P. Isarankura and Suchart Pariyanond, Contri-
132
bution No. 1, 28 pp., printed in Thai and English,
1963. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand.
CANADA:
Canada's Pacific Marine Fisheries; Past Performance
and Future Prospects, by P. A. Larkin and W. B.
Ricker, 75 pp., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Fif-
teenth British Columbia Natural Resources Confer-
ence, 1964.) Department of Natural Resources of
British Columbia, Victoria, B. C., Canada.
Canadian Fisheries Reports, no. 3, May 1964, 109pp.,
illus., printed. Information and Consumer Service,
Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. This is-
sue is made up entirely of background papers pre-
pared for a Federal-Provincial Conference on Fish-
eries Development, held in Ottawa, January 20-24,
1964. The purpose of the papers was to give an in-
dication of the current situation in Canada in sever-
al aspects of the management, use, and development
of the fishery resources. Includes, among others,
articles on: ‘Availability of fish," by G. F, M.
Smith and W. E. Ricker; ''Population management,"
by G. F. M, Smith and A. L. Pritchard; 'Develop-
ment of improved fishing techniques,"’ by Jean
Frechet; ''Economic efficiency," by W. C. MacKen-
zie; ''Research on quality, processing and products,"
by E. G. Bligh; "Inspection and quality control," by
H. V. Dempsey; "Improvement of shore facilities,"
by W. E. Snaith; ''The market for Canadian fish pro-
ducts,'' by Antonin Proulx; and ''Financial aspects
of development," by I. S. McArthur.
Commercial Fishing at Ile a la Crosse (a Survey of
Returns and Expenses), by Helen Buckley, 14 pp.,
printed, 1962. Centre for Community Studies, Uni-
versity Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada.
Commercial Fishing Licence Report, British Colum-
bia, 1963, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Canadian Depart-
ment of Fisheries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada.
Fisheries Statistics, Quebec, 1962, 36 pp., illus.,
printed in French and English, 75 Canadian cents.
Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa,
Canada, July 1964. Consists of tables giving the
quantity and value of the principal species of fish
and shellfish landed in Quebec, 1950-1962; quantity
and value of landings by species and fisheries dis-
tricts; quantity and value of processed fishery pro-
ducts by species; capital investment in gear and
vessels; and number of fishermen employed, by
fisheries districts; during 1961-1962.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
vol. 21, no. 4, July 1964, 210 pp., illus., printed,
single copy C$2. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
Contains, among others, articles on: "Abundance
and distribution of lobster larvae (Homarus amer-
icanus) in Northumberland Strait,'"by D. J. Scarratt;
Serologically differentiated subpopulations of the
Pacific sardine, Sardinops caerulea," by Andrew M.
Vrooman; ''Extractives of fish muscle. 4--Seasonal
variations of fat, water-solubles, protein, and wa-
ter in cod (Gadus morhua L.) fillets,"’ by N. Dam-
bergs; ''A technique for prolonged blood sampling
in free-swimming salmon," by Lynwood S. Smithand
Gordon R. Bell; Temperatures and thaw -drip as-
sociated with electronic thawing of Newfoundland
cod," by W. A. MacCallum; "Vital statistics of Esox |
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
masquinongy in Nogies Creek, Ontario. Il--Popula-
tion size, natural mortality, and the effect of fishing,"
by Barry S. Muir; ''Use of gamma radiation for the
preservation of scallop meat,'' by H. E. Power and
others; ''Gamma irradiation as a means of extending
the storage life of haddock fillets,'' by H. E. Power
and others; ''Movements of halibut on the Nova Sco-
tian and Grand Banks,"' by A. C. Kohler; "Pilchard
oil: an analysis for component fatty acids with par-
ticular reference to the C24 chain length," by R. G.
Ackman and J. C. Sipos; ''An air-lift pump for ele-
vating salmon, herring, and other fish of similar
size," by S. W. Roach, F. G. Claggett, and J. S. M.
Harrison; ''Rockfish (Sebastodes brevispinis) in
British Columbia waters, by S. J. Westrheim; and
"Apparent onset of rigor mortis in steehead trout
(Salmo gairdneri) in the absence of loss of adenosine
triphosphate from the ordinary muscle," by N. Tom-
linson, S. E. Geiger, and W. W. Kay.
Les Poissons du Quebec (Fishes of Quebec), by B.
Juchereau Duchesnay, 47 pp., illus., printed in French,
1964. Les Editions de 1'domme, Montreal, Que.,
Canada.
Rapport Annuel, 1963 (Annual Report, 1963), 136 pp.,
printed in French, 1964. Station de Biologie Marine,
Ministere de l'Industrie et du Commerce, Grande-
Riviere, Que., Canada.
"The research program. Progress in 1961 in Cana-
dian research on problems raised by the Protocol,"
article, Annual Report for 1961, pp. 29-47, printed,
1963. emo North Pacific Fisheries Com-
mission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C.,
Canada. ’
Summary of 1963 Fishing Operations, North Shore
Fleet, New Brunswick (Preliminary Report), 6 pp.,
processed, May 1964. Economics Service, Depart-
ment of Fisheries, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Ottawa,
Canada. Contains statistical tables giving a sum
mary of fishing activities and financial outcome; '
average landings by species; average landed value by
species; average prices received by species; and
average receipts, expenditures, and net returns for
New Brunswick's North Shore fleet.
Summary of 1963 Fishing Operations, Nova Scotia
(Preliminary Report), 16 pp., processed, April 1964.
Economics Service, Department of Fisheries, Sir
Charles Tupper Bldg., Ottawa, Canada. Discusses
briefly the types of vessels covered in the report,
characteristics of the vessels, their operational per-
formance, and financial returns to labor and capital.
Includes statistical tables giving summaries of fish-
ing activities and financial outcome for 45-64-foot
vessels, and for scallop draggers and otter trawlers;
average landings by species; average landed values
by species; average prices received by species;
average receipts, expenditures, and net returns for
45- to 65-foot vessels, andfor scallop draggers and
otter trawlers; and percentage distribution of catches
by fishing grounds.
Working Parer on the Commercial Fishing Industr
in Northern Saskatchewan (with Particular Reference
to Government Policy), by Helen Buckley, 23 pp.,
printed, 1963. Centre for Community Studies, Uni-
versity Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
133
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
CARP:
"Pro khimichnyi sklad krovi deyakykh ryb (korop,
sazan)" (The chemical composition of the blood of
some fish--carp, sazan), by I. D. Holovatskyi, B. S.
Avdos'yev, and Z. P. Nazardevych, article, Biolog-
ical Abstracts, vol. 44, no. 4, 1963, 14267, printed.
Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia
4, Pa.
CEYLON:
"Partial Survey and Critique of Ceylon's marine fish-
eries,'' by J.C. Medcof, article, Bulletin of the Fish-
eries Research Station of Ceylon, vol. 16,no. 2, 1963,
pp. 29-118, printed. Department of Fisheries, P. O.
Box 531, Galle Face, Colombo 3, Ceylon.
Report on the Fishery of Ceylon and the Possibilities
of Development under Special Consideration of the
Construction of Fishing Ports in Galle and Trin- ~
comalee, by Klaus Tiews and K. Minnemann, Ses-
Sional Paper No. XX-1963, 55 pp., illus., printed,
1963. Government Press, Colombo, Ceylon.
CHILE:
Montemar, vol. 11, no. 4, March 1964, 64 pp., illus.,
printed in Spanish with English summaries. Insti-
tuto de Biologia, Estacion de Biologia Marina, Uni-
versidad de Chile, Casilla 13-D, Vina del Mar, Chile.
Includes articles on: "Resultados cuantitativos del
zooplancton colectado frente a la costa chilena por
la Expedicion 'Marchile I'"' (Quantitative results of
Zooplankton collected along the Chilean coast by the
"Marchile'' Expedition), by Elda FagettiG. and Wal-
ter Fischer K.; and "Nota sobre larvas de Brachi-
opoda Discinidae de la costa chilena'' (Note on the
larvae of the Brachiopod Discinidae of the Chilean
coast), by Elda Fagetti G.
CLAMS:
The Fishing Efficiency of the Clam Hack and Mortal-
“ities Incidental to Fishing, by J. S. MacPhail, Man-
uscript Report Series (Biological) No. 784, 15 pp.,
printed, 1964. Biological Station, Fisheries Re-
search Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Cana-
da.
Sanitary Engineering Conference, 2d, Vanderbilt Uni-
versity, --Effects of an Introduced Clam (COR-
BICULA) on Water Quality in the Tennessee River
Valley, by Ralph M. pncieeie cee illus., printed.
anderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
COD:
"Eksperimental'nye issledovaniya vozmozhnosti viz -
hivaniya ikry i molodi Baltiiskoi treski (Gadus mor-
hua callarias L.) v Chernomorskoi vode" (Experi-
ments on the viability of eggs and young of Baltic
cod--Gadus morhua callarias L.--in Black Sea wa-
ters), by N. N. Gorbunova, article, Voprosy Ikhtio-
logii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 411-413, illus., printed
1 rated. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologiches -
kaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.5. R.
"New cod fishing grounds off Labrador and the north-
east coast of Newfoundland," by A. W. May, article,
Trade News, vol. 16, no. 12, June 1964, pp. 3-6, il-
Ius., processed. Information and Consumer Service,
Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses
the growth since the early 1950's of a year-round
cod fishery at the edge of the continental shelf about
150 miles from the Canadian Atlantic coast. During
1960-62, almost one million metric tons of cod were
landed in that area. The Canadian Government's re-
search vessel A. T. Cameron has conducted 13 ex-
ploratory cruises in the area. "It is apparent that
lucrative fishing is to be found on these northern
grounds in spring, but it depends almost entirely on
ice conditions,"' concludes the author.
CONTAINERS:
"Corrosive conditions of coated tin cans containing
sterilized canned fish in acidic sauces,"' by G. Wuns-
che, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri, vol. 49,
1963, p. 29, printed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetik-
fabrikers Landsforening, Stavanger, Norway.
Influence of Type of Freezer Carton Materials on Mois-
ture Loss from Frozen Fish during Storage, by J. W.
Boyd, B. A. Southcott, and D. Petrie, Circular No. 31,
8 pp., printed, 1964. Technological Research Labora-
tory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver,
B. C., Canada.
Non-Returnable: Fish Boxes, by J. Wignall, Torry Ad-
visory Note No. 16, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Torry Re-
search Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland.
COOPERATIVES:
Technical Meeting on Fishery Cooperatives, Naples,
1959--Fishermen's Cooperative Fraternity - San
Sebastian (Guipuzcoa) Spain - C. 0. P. E. G. U.T.
(An Industrial Seas for the Defense of Fish
Prices, Based on Market Control and Disposal of
Surplus), by L. Echeverria and J. A. Urquizu, 10 pp.,
printed, 1959. Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
Rome, Italy.
CORAL:
"Deep water corals as fishfood,"' by Donald F. Squires,
article, Nature, vol. 203, no. 4945, August 8, 1964,
pp. 663-664, illus., printed, single copy 4s. (about
55 U. S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth
Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010.
CRABS:
Experiment to Evaluate the Effect of Subsurface Ex-
aS ‘on Bottom Dwelling King Crabs, by Donald
Bright, 4 pp., printed, 1959. Department of Fish and
Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska.
CYPRUS:
"The development of the Cyprus fishery resources,”
by Andreas Keleskis, article, Countryman, vol. 1/2,
1963, pp. 12-13, illus., printed. Public Information
Office, Department of Agriculture, Nicosia, Cyprus.
"The possibilities of culturing fish in various reser-
voirs around Cyprus," by A. Keleshis, article, Coun-
tryman, vol. 1/2, 1963, pp. 23-24, illus., printed.
ic Information Office, Department of Agriculture,
Nicosia, Cyprus.
DATA PROCESSING:
Automatic Data Processing and Computer Application
to Fisheries, by B. F. Leeper, 12 pp., processed in
English with French and Spanish abstract. UNIVAC
Division of Sperry-Rand Corporation, Baton Rouge,
La. Paper presented at the Second World Fishing
Gear Congress, London, May 25-31, 1963.
134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
DENMARK:
Denmark Review, Special Edition: Danish Fishery
and Fishery Exports, 11 pp., illus., printed. Press
Department, Royal Danish Ministry for Foreign Af-
fairs, Christiansborg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Fea-
tured is an article on the 5th International Fisheries
Trade Fair held in Copenhagen, September 11-20,
1964. Other articles describe Danish salmon and
trout; the Danish fishing industry, export trade, ves-
sels, and fish-processing plants; the Greenland fish-
ery; and Danish canned fish.
(For sale by Sales Section, British Information Serv-
ices, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.)
ECOLOGY:
The following articles were published under the
general heading, ''The effects of the severe winter of
1962/63 on marine life in Britain," in Journal of Ani-
mal Ecology, vol. 33, no. 1, 1964, printed. Blackwell
Scientific Pobiications: 24 Broad St., Oxford, England.
"The death of fish and sub-littoral fauna in the North
Sea and the English Channel during the winter of
DETECTION OF FISH: 1962-63,'' by P. M. J. Woodhead, pp. 169-173, illus.
Studies for Development of Echo Sounder, Verticaland
Horizontal Fish Finder, Utilizing Ultra-Sonic mm. _
Waves, by Y. Maniwa, Scientific Report No. 4, 137
pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English sum-
mary. Fishing Boat Laboratory, Fisheries Agency,
Tokyo, Japan, 1962.
"The effect of the severe winter of 1962/63 on oysters
and the associated fauna of oyster grounds of-south-
ern England," by G. D. Waugh, pp. 173-175.
"The north-east coast,'' by H. Jenner, J. R. Lewis, "
and J. J. S. Cobb, p. 200. <
DOLPHIN:
"Cross-sectional anatomy of the dolphin,'' by Robert
C. Boice, Mary Louise Swift, and James C. Roberts,
Jr., article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Nor- A
wegian Whaling Gazette), . ee . 53, no. 7, July 1964, Mortalities in marine life in North Wales during the
pp. 177-182, 184, 186, 188-93, illus., printed. Hval- winter of 1962-63, by D. J. Crisp, pp. 190-197, il-
fangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. lus.
"Fish mortality off the Isle of Man and in the Port
Erin aquarium," by J. S. Colman, p. 173.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:
Basic Data on the Economy of the Dominican Republic,
by Alfred Ortiz, OB -80, 24 pp., illus., printed,
June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Foreign Commerce,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.
(For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Discusses the country's geography, population, and
Government; economic structure; industrial sectors;
"North-west Ireland," by D. J. Crisp, pp. 197-198.
"The south-east coast, Whitstable area," by G. E.
Newell, pp. 178-179.
"South and south-west coast,'' by D. J. Crisp, pp. 179-
183, illus.
"West of Ireland,'' by M. de Valera and P. O. Ceidigh,
financial institutions; foreign trade; Government role pp. 198-199.
in the economy; and economic outlook. Also includes
several statistical tables on industrial and agricul- ECUADOR:
“Apuntes e informaciones sobre la situation de la pro-
duccion pesquera Ecuatoriana y sus mercados”’
(Memoranda and information on the production situa-
tion of the Ecuadorian fishery and its markets), by
Domingo Quiroga and Anibal Orbes Armas, article,
Boletin Informativo, vol. 1, no. 3, 1964, pp. 1-24,
printed in Spanish. Instituto Nacional de Pesca del
Ecuador, Casilla 5918, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
tural production, foreign trade, and other data.
EAST AFRICA:
East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organi-
zation, Annual Report, 1962/60, 1/6 pp., illus., printed,
1964, 6s. (about 85 U. S. cents). East African Fresh-
water Fisheries Research Organization, P. O. Box
343, Jinja, Uganda. Describes the scientific work
accomplished during 1962 and 1963 in the study of the
Lake Victoria fisheries, the Nile perch in Lake Vic-
toria, ecology and productivity of young tilapia, and
anadromous fish. Also includes a bibliography of
recent publications on East African fisheries and re-
lated subjects, and appendices of research papers
on fisheries.
EAST CHINA AND YELLOW SEAS:
Conservation of Demersal Fish Resources in the East
China and the Yellow Seas, by Shiro Murakami and
others, Fisheries Research Series No. 3, 60 pp., il-
lus., printed in Japanese, June 25, 1964. Japan Fish-
eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg.,
24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku,
Tokyo, Japan.
ECHO-SOUNDERS:
The Uses of Echo Sounding for Fishermen, by D. H.
~ Cushing, 28 pp., illus.; printed, 1963. Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, England.
Basic Data on the Economy of Ecuador, by Mildred P.
Burr, OBR 64-74, 12 pp., illus., printed, June 1964,
15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Her participation in the Alliance for Progress and
the implementation of a 10-year national economic
development plan are important factors in Ecuador's
efforts to raise her standard of living. The report
discusses her geography, climate, population, and
Government; structure of the economy; industrial
sectors; labor force; financial organization; foreign
trade; and the role of the Government in the economy.
A short section on fisheries covers the shrimp fish-
ing grounds near Manta, Ecuador's 1962 exports of
more than $2 million worth of fishery products, and
her claims of territorial jurisdiction over waters
extending 200 miles from the coast.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 135
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
EELS:
"The Australian eel industry," by D. D. Lynch, arti-
cle, Commercial Fishing, vol. 2, no. 11, July 1964,
pp. 22-24, 26, illus., printed. Trade Publications
Ltd., 47 Lewis Eady Bldg., 192 Queen St., Auckland,
New Zealand. Discusses the use of fyke nets for
capturing eels in the swamps and lagoons of the
State of Victoria. Also covers the increase in pro-
duction since the inception of the fishery in 1955 to
about 110,000 pounds annually; grading of the eels
after capture; removal of slime; evisceration; the
smoking process; and packing for market.
"Eel weir fishing,’ by Don Shiner, article, Pennsyl-
vania Angler, vol. 33, no. 9, September 1964, pp. 2-
5, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsylvania
Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg,
Pa. Discusses the construction and operation of the
traps for this fast-disappearing method of capturing
eels as they migrate down the Delaware River each
fall to spawn in the Atlantic Ocean. The traps con-
sist of stone walls 300-400 feet long and 6 to 8 feet
high, together with baskets of wooden slats. The
migration begins after the first hard frost during the
dark of the moon, and continues for about two weeks.
Properly prepared, eels are one of the finest eating
fish in fresh water.
printed in Japanese, March 21, 1964. Japan Fish-
eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg.,
24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku,
Tokyo, Japan.
EQUATORIAL CUSTOMS UNION AND CAMEROON:
Foreign Trade Regulations of the Equatorial Customs
nion (Central as Republic, Republics of Chad,
Congo, Gabon) and Cameroon, by Alfred F. Daiboch,
OBR 64-98, 12 pp., printed, September 1964, 15 cents.
Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department
of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the
trade, economic development, agriculture and fish,
the growth of EFTA trade, EFTA and the world, and
how EFTA works.
zen, 24 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Washington Infor-
mation Office, European Free Trade Association,
711 14th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. The Eu-
ropean Free Trade Association is an arrangement
between 8 countries (the original 7 members: Aus-
tria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzer-
land, and the United Kingdom; and the associated
member, Finland) to create a single market by the
abolition of tariffs and all other restrictions on the
flow of trade between the members, while leaving
them free to maintain their own and to follow their
own commercial policies concerning third countries.
This pamphlet discusses how EFTA started, the
EFTA Convention, and its first years. It also covers
the operation of EFTA--tariff reductions, the need of
an origin system, the 50-percent rule, the process
criterion, revenue duties, internal taxes, quantitative
import restrictions, rules of competition, double tax-
ation, economic development, EFTA and trade in
agriculture, organizational structure, and consulta-
tions and complaints. A short section on EFTA and
trade in fish states that the main problem facing the
fishery nations among the membership is the con-
tinuation of access at a satisfactory level to the mar-
ket of the EEC countries.
FACTORYSHIP:
"Doswiadezenia z eksploatacji trawlera-przetworni na
lowiskach afrykanskich" (Experiences gained from
operation of a factory-trawler on African fishing
grounds); " . Czesc II" (Part Il); by Jerzy
Swiecicki and Zbigniew Tretkowski, articles, Budow-
nictwo Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 251,
254-255; vol. 9, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 286-288; il-
lus., printed in Polish. Wydawnictwa Czasopism
Technicznych NOT, Warsaw Czackiego 3/5, Poland.
FATTY ACIDS:
The Lipids of Marine Organisms, by J. A. Lovern,
Torry Memoir No. 168, pp., printed. (Reprinted
Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Thefour
component states of former French Equatorial Af-
rica--Central African Republic, and the Republics
of Congo-Brazzaville, Chad, and Gabon--which to-
gether constitute the Equatorial Customs Union, and
the Federal Republic of Cameroon now have a com-
mon external tariff. The report discusses their
trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other
internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling
and marking requirements. It also covers special
customs provisions, nontariff import controls, ex-
port controls, United States foreign trade controls,
and Government representation between the United
States and the five countries.
EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION:
EFTA (European Free Trade Association)--What It
is--What It Does, 8 pp., illus., printed. Washington
Information Office, European Free Trade Associa-
tion, 711 14th St. NW., Washington, D,. C. 20005.
EFTA united in a free trade area the 97 million peo-
ple and the markets of 8 European countries which
are among the world's most active trading nations.
This pamphlet discusses trade without barriers, out-
ward-looking policies, how EFTA came about, the
removal of tariffs and quotas, other obstacles to
from Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Re-
view, vol. 2, ioe. pp. 169-191.) Torry Research
Station, 135 Abbey St., Aberdeen, Scotland.
FISH BEHAVIOR:
On Fish Behaviour in the Zone before a Trawl under
the Influence of the Electric Field of an Alternatin
A. Shentya-
Current and Mechanical Stimulus, by V.
kov, Translation 34,5 pp., printed, 1964. (Translated
from the Russian, Biulletin' Instituta Biologii Vodok-
hranilishch, no. 8-9, 1960.) Fisheries Laboratory,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowest-
oft, Suffolk, England.
"Further uses of electronically scanned sonar in the
investigation of behaviour of fish," by V. G. Welsby
and others, article, Nature, vol. 203, no. 4945, Au-
gust 8, 1964, pp. 588-589, illus., printed, single copy
4s. (about 55 U. S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc.,
175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010.
Congress Translation No. 4897 (OTS No. 61-13957),
136 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
15 pp., original text included, printed, $3.30. (Trans-
lated from the Russian Trudy Soveshchanii, no. 8,
1958, pp. 124-131.) Office of Technical Services,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.
20230, 1960.
"The reaction of fish to light in relation to specific
characteristics of their light perception," by V. R.
Protasov, article, Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 3,
1961, pp. 519-532, printed in Russian. Akademia
Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow,
U.S.S.R.
"Why light attracts fish," by V. N. Beliaeva and I. V.
Nikonorov, article, Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 3,
1961, pp. 513-518, printed in Russian. Akademia
Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow,
U.S. S. R.
FISH COOKERY:
All About Fish--a Manual for Teachers, 32 pp., Illus.,
processed, 1963, C$24.35 per 100 copies. Queen's
Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses briefly Canada's
fisheries and the Government's role in conservation
and development, common varieties of fish for sale
in Canada, marketing and distribution, consumer
buying, care of fish in the home, fish as a food, and
fish on the menu. Also included is information on
preparation for cooking, basic methods of cooking
fish, and miscellaneous fish recipes.
Fish for Year 'Round Salads, 24 pp., printed, 1962,
C$6.50 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa,
Canada. Fish is available in many different forms;
canned, smoked, fresh, frozen, and pickled. Any of
the wide variety of fresh and salt-water fish, as
wellas shellfish, maybe usedin salads. This book-
let includes, besides instructions for cooking fish
for salads, a number of recipes for preparing tossed,
combination, mixed, fish and fruit, and molded sal-
ads, as well as salad dressings.
Halibut Recipes, 34 pp., processed, 10 cents. Halibut
Fishermen's Wives' Association, P. O. Box No.
5129, Seattle, Wash. 98107. Contains recipes for
halibut casseroles, chowder, sandwiches, salads, and
for cooking halibut by frying, broiling, or baking.
Also includes recipes for sauces and stuffing toserve
with halibut. Information onthawing, amounts of fish
to buy, and minimizing fish odors and flavors in the
kitchen is presented.
Let's Serve Freshwater Fish, 32 pp., illus., printed,
1963, C$6.50 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ot-
tawa, Canada. Discusses the variety of Canadian
fresh-water fish available, Government inspection
of fish, nutritional advantages of fish, and how to
know when fish is cooked sufficiently. Includes a
number of recipes for preparing all species of fresh-
water fish, as well as others for cooking goldeye,
perch, pickerel, pike, Atlantic salmon, smelt, trout,
and whitefish. Other sections give instructions on
making sauces and fish salads. Tips are given on
keeping fish fresh and freezing fish.
Le Poisson dans la Cuisine Canadienne (The Canadian
Fish Cook Book), 96 pp., illus., printed in French,
1959, C$1.25; 97 pp., illus, printedin English, 1962,
C$1.25. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
A Propos de Poisson--Manuel pour Instituteurs (All
About Fish--Manual for Teachers), 32 pp., illus.,
processed, 1961, C$24.35 per 100 copies. Queen's
Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
Salades de Poisson pour Toute 1'Annee (Fish for year
TRound Salads), 26 pp., printed in French, 1962,
C$4.85 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa,
Canada.
Servons du Poissons d'Eau Douce (Let's Serve Fresh-
water Fish), 35 pp., illus., printed in French, C$6.50
per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
FISH CULTURE:
"Marine fish culture in Britain. I--Plaice rearing in
closed circulation at Lowestoft, 1957-1960," by J. E.
Shelbourne, J. D. Riley, and G. T. Thacker; "II--A
plaice rearing experiment at Port Erin, Isle of Man,
during 1960, in open sea water circulation," by J. E.
Shelbourne; and “Ill--Plaice rearing in closed circu-
lation at Lowestoft 1961," by J. D. Riley and G. T.
Thacker, article, Journal du Conseil, no. 28, 1963,
pp. 50-90, printed. Conseil Permanent International
pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot,
Denmark.
FISH DISEASES:
pp., illus., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Rus-
sian, Akademiya Nauk SSSR Ikhtiologicheskaya Komis -
Siya Trudy Soveshchanii, vol. 9, ToSt} Office of Tech-
nical Services, U. 95. Department of Commerce, Wash-
ington, D. C. 20230.
FISHERIES POLICY:
"Hacia una politica paneuropea de las pescas"'(Toward
a paneuropean fisheries policy), by Leopold Sublin,
article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38, nos. 889-890,
May 15, 1964, pp. 185, 187, 189, printed in Spanish.
Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo,
Spain.
"The London Fisheries Convention and its origins,"
by R. G. R. Wall, article, Fishing News International,
vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 198-205, illus.,
printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U. S. cents).
Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House,
110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Outlines the
historical and political background of the London
Fisheries Convention, adopted early in 1964 by dele-
gations from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,
the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Swe-
den, and the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.
Also included is the full text of the Convention, which
embodies 4 basic principles: (1) that extensions of
fishery limits should be made by agreement; (2) that
traditional fishing activities by foreign fishermen
should be respected; (3) that proper consideration
should be given to the needs of local populations
which are overwhelmingly dependent upon the fish-
eries; and (4) that fishery limits and jurisdiction
should in no circumstances extend beyond 12 miles.
"The North American fisheries and British policy to
1713," by Charles Burnet Judah, article, Universit
of Illinois Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 1, 1933, 183 pp.,
printed. University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
December 1964
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT
FISHERY RESOURCES:
Organization and Management of Research on Marine
ish Resources, by G. R. Williams, FAO Fisheries
Technical Paper No. 43, 29 pp., processed, May
1964, distribution restricted. Research Programs
Section, Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Fish-
ery resources may be defined in one of two ways:
(1) ina restrictive sense, to denote a fishable stock,
or group of stocks, which may or may not yet be ex-
ploited; and (2) in a very broad sense, to denote a
community or ecosystem, that is a system the ele-
ments of which include not only the species being
harvested but also those on which they feed or which
influence their lives; it also denotes the physical
and chemical components that influence the lives of
the several species. Most fishery research pro-
grams today are concerned mainly with the tasks
relating to resources restrictively defined. This
paper is based upon the author's experiences in re-
source research in Australia. It covers the subject
under five main headings--policy direction, research
plan, operational procedures and controls, reporting
results, and structure of the research organization.
Included is an operational plan for a survey of
shrimp resources of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Aus-
tralia.
FISH FARMING:
"Fish farming," by Ian Richardson, article, World
Fishing, vol. 13, no. 9, September 1964, pp. 41-46,
illus., printed, single copy 3s. (about 45 U.S. cents).
Grampian Press Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shep-
herds Bush Rd., Hammersmith, London W6, England.
A survey of fish farming methods in various coun-
tries, including the culture of yellowtail and shrimp
in Japan; carp and pike on a 12,355 acre farm in the
Ukraine; cod, perch, and catfish in Australia; carp
in Syria; and salmon and trout in the United Kingdom
and Norway. Each enterprise was able to produce
outstanding yields of fish by the use of selective
breeding and proper feeding.
FISH FOOD:
Food of Perch (PERCA FLUVIATILIS, L.) and Trout
“(SALMO TRUTTA, L.) in an Irish Reservoir, by
Christopher Moriarty, Proceedings of the Royal
Irish Academy, vol. 63, sect. B, no. 1, 31 pp., illus.,
printed, 1963. Hodges, Figgis & Co., Ltd., Dublin,
Ireland.
FISHING LIMITS:
Comments on the 12-Mile Limit, by William F. Royce,
Circular No. 215, 3 pp., printed, 1964. Fisheries
Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University
of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
FISH MEAL:
Available Methionine and Available Lysine in Fish
eal, by 5. G. Wiechers and R. M. eon Prog-
ress Report No. 72, 3 pp., processed, July 1964.
Fishing Industry Research Institute, University of
Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Province, Republic of
South Africa.
Bulk Handling of B. C. Whole Herring Meal, by F. G.
Claggett, Circular No. 32, 7 pp., printed, 1964.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
137
USUALLY MAY BE
Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Re-
search Board of Canada, Vancouver, B. C., Canada.
"Pepsin digestibility as an index of quality in fish.
Part I--General considerations," by J. A. Lovern,
article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 3,
July-September 1964, pp. 206, 209-210, 212-213, il-
lus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d.(about 95 U.S. cents).
Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House,
110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Discusses the
methods of measuring protein availability, the grow-
ing trend towards international standardization of
analytical procedures, principles of the pepsin test,
and the reliability of pepsin digestibility as an index
of quality. Included are findings of research on pep-
sin digestibility of proteins conducted at the U. S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries' Technological
Laboratory, College Park, Md.
Recommendations for the Warehousing of Fish Meal,
by G. M. Dreosti, R. J. Nachenius, and L. L. van
Zyl, Memorandum No. 137, 4 pp., illus., processed,
August 1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute,
University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Prov-
ince, Republic of South Africa.
Salmonella Contamination of Fish Meal, by G. M.
Dreosti, Apply Your Science No. II, 1 p., printed,
1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute, Univer-
sity of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Province, Re-
public of South Africa.
Shipboard Stowage of Fish Meal, by G. M. Dreosti,
Memorandum No. 155, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Fishing
Industry Research Institute, University of Cape Town,
Rondebosch, Cape Province, Republic of South Africa.
FISH MORTALITIES:
Regarding the Problem of Mutilations of Fishes by Ay
draulic iuet SE by Kurt V. Raben, Translation Se-
ries No. 5 pp., printed, 1964. (Translatedfrom
the German, Die Wasserwirtshaft, no. 4, 1957.) Bio-
logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Nanaimo, B. C., Canada.
"Studies on fish mortality due to passage through tur-
bines; preliminary report," by Erik Monten, article,
Report No. 45, pp. 190-195, printed. Institute of
Freshwater Research, Fishery Board of Sweden,
Drottingholm, Lund, Sweden.
FISH PONDS:
Study on the Construction Works of Fish Pond from
Civil Engineering Viewpoint, by T. Tamura and S.
Yamada, Fisheries Propagation Series No. 1, 32 pp.,
illus., printed in Japanese, December 10, 1963. Ja-
pan Fisheries Resources Conservation Society, Futa-
ba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Min-
ato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FISH POPULATIONS:
"Changes in the fish population in the upper Ohio Riv-
er following temporary pollution abatement," by Lou-
is A. Krumholz, article, Transactions of the Ameri-
can Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no. 1, 1964, pp. 1-5,
printed. merican Fisheries Society, 1404 New York
Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005.
138
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No, 12
Notes on the Identification of Sub- Populations of Fish
by Serological and Biochemical Methods, the Status
0
cal Paper No. 30, 9 pp., processed, 1964. Fisheries
Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Viale delle Terme Caracalla, Rome,
Italy.
FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE:
"Fish flour in human nutrition,'' by P. Nunes, article,
Gazeta Agricola de Angola, vol. 8, no. 4, October
1963, pp. 995-998, printed in Portuguese. Gazeta
Agricola de Angola, Luanda, Angola.
A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Characteris-
ties of Fish Protein Concentrates Made from Vari-
ous Raw Materials, by H. E. Power, Circular (New
Series) No. 15, 2 pp., printed. Technological Re-
search Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada.
FISH SAUSAGE:
"More about fish sausages,'' article, World Fishing,
vol. 13, no. 9, September 1964, p. 51, illus., printed,
single copy 3s. (about 45 U. S. cents). Grampian
Press Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shepherds Bush
Rd., Hammersmith, London W6, England. Japan's
annual production of 150,000 tons of fish sausages
and 500,000 tons of fish cakes is an indication of
the growing demand for prepared foods. Fish sau-
Sages are made of minced cod or pollock and tuna
and whalemeat, with potato or corn starch, flavor-
ings, and sodium glutimate added. Packed in skins,
the final product has a firm texture and a pleasing
flavor.
FISH SOUNDS:
"Deep ocean sonic fishes," by N. B. Marshall, article,
Oceanus, vol. 11, no. 1, September 1964, pp. 2-7,
printed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Woods Hole, Mass.
FLORIDA:
Bibliography on Fresh-Water Biology in Florida, by
James P. Clugston, 23 pp., printed: 1964. Game
and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Leesburg, Fla.
FLOUNDER:
"Feeding habits of the summer flounder in Great
South Bay,'' by John C. Poole, article, New York
Fish and Game Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, 1964, pp. 28-
34, printed. New York Fish and Game Journal, New
York Conservation Department, Albany, N. Y.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION:
"Co-ordinating fishery development for world needs,"
by Arthur J. Heighway, article, Fishing News Inter-
national, vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 193-
194, 197, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about
95 U. S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications
Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4,
England. Discusses proposals of the Food and Ag-
riculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
for reorganizing the structure and functions of its
Fisheries Division to meet expanded world needs.
The basic aim of FAO is to improve nutrition, the
well-being of rural populations, and the promotion
of economic development. In fisheries, this is of
Special significance at this time. The gravest prob-
lem in nutrition is lack of high-quality protein, for
which seas and inland waters have an enormous un-
realized potential. The changes that have already
taken place are quite dramatic and revolutionary.
World fish production has doubled over the past dec-
ade. There have been improvements in gear and
vessels, growth of marketing organization, and re-
finements and innovations in processing techniques.
Plans for improved services by FAO should evolve
following a forthcoming meeting of the Council.
FAO, Functions, Structure, Program--a Briefing
Manual for Field Personnel, 32 pp., printed, 1964.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
Informe de la Primera Reunionde la Comision Asesora
Regional de Pesca para el Atlantica Sudoccidental
(CARPAS), 10-14 de Diciembre de 1962, Rio de Ja-
neiro (Report of the First Meeting of the South West
Atlantic Fisheries Advisory Commission (SWAFAC),
December 1962, Rio de Janeiro), FAO Fisheries Re-
port No. 12, 56 pp., processed in Spanish, 1963.
Comision Asesora Regional de Pesca para el Atlan-
tico Sudoccidental, Rua do Jardim Botanico 1008, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.
Report of the World Food Congress, Washington, D.C.,
4 to 18 June 1963, 167 pp., printed, 1963, $3. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Rome, Italy. (For sale by Columbia University Press,
International Documents Service, 2960 Boradway,
New York, N. Y. 10027.)
The Food and Agriculture Organization has pub- ©
lished reports describing that Agency's activities un-
der the Expanded Program for Technical Assistance
for developing the fisheries of many countries. These
reports have been processed only for limited distribu-
tion to governments, libraries, and universities. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
Report on a Fishermen's Training Center in Construc-
tion and Operation of Modern Fishing Gear, Held at
Tulagi, British Solomon Islands eateries Au-
gust-October 1961, by P. A. Lusyne, ETAP Report
No. 1657, 12 pp., processed, 1963.
Report to the Government of the Federation of Rhodesia
and Nyasaland on Fisheries Development Possibilities
in Nyasaland, by M. Aref, ETAP Report No. 1761, 44
‘pp., processed, 1963. is
Report to the Government of Tanganyika on Economié
Survey of Marine and Inland Fichewien: by J. L. DibEs,
P Report No. 1828, 59 pp., processed, 1964.
Rapport au Gouvernement de la Tunisie la Prospection
Systematique des Fonds de Peche au cane des Cotes
unisiennes (Report to the Government of Tunisia on
the Systematic Exploration of the Bottoms for Fish
along the Tunisian Coasts), by Vito Fodera, ETAP
Report No. 1836, 68 pp., illus., processed, 1964.
FOREIGN AID:
Aids to Business (Overseas Investment), 59 pp., printed,
July 1964. Office of Development Finance and Pri-
vate Enterprise, Agency for International Develop-
ment, U. S. Department of State, Washington, D. C.
December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139
20523. Describes the programs sponsored by AID
to assist businessmen with overseas investments --
catalog of investment opportunities, investment sur-
veys, investment guarantees, local currency loans,
and dollar loans.
Index to Catalog of Investment Opportunities, 37 pp.,
printed, revised July 1964. Office of Development
Finance and Private Enterprise, Agency for Inter-
national Development, U. S. Department of State,
Washington, D. C. 20523. Abstracts more than
1,400 industrial feasibility and economic studies in
friendly developing nations. The first part indexes
reports by region and country; the second indexes
reports by industry. Included are a group of re-
ports concerning fresh or frozen packaged fish.
FRANCE:
"Compte rendu d!activite des Comites interprofes-
sionnels des Peches maritimes en 1963" (Summary
of the activities of the Fishery Committees of the
Maritime Fisheries in 1963), article, France Peche,
no. 86, July-August 1964, pp. 15-21, 23-24, 26-28,
illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite
Postale 179, Lorient, France. Includes reports on
the herring, tuna, sardine, mollusk, and seaweed
fisheries.
FREEZE-DRYING:
"Astacene pigment loss occurring in freeze-dried
shrimp and salmon during storage," by G. Lusk, M.
Karel, and S. A. Goldblith, article, Food Technology,
vol. 18, no. 5, 1964, pp. 157-158, printed. The Gar-
rard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill.
"Rapid method for determining the moisture content
of freeze-dried shrimp," by J. E. Despaul and D. W.
Ezerski, article, Journal of the Association of Of-
ficial Agricultural Chemists, vol. 46, 1963, p. 1001,
printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chem-
ists, P. O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station,
Washington, D. C, 20004.
FREEZER-TRAWLER:
B-23 and B-18 Types Freezin Trawlers, Polish
~ Maritime News, Press infomation April 5, 1963,
6 pp., processed. Polish Chamber of Foreign Trade,
Maritime Branch, Gdynia, ul. Pulaskiego 6, Poland.
FREEZING:
"Technology of fish products. Use of carbondioxide
in the storage of fish,"’ by A. P. Makashev, article,
Trudy Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii In-
§titut Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii,
vol. 37, 1959, v. 138, printed in Russian. Institut
Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaisiva i Okeanografii, Verkhn.
Krasnosel'skaia Ul. No. 17, Moscow, U.S, S. R.
FROZEN FISH:
"Changes in the amount of nitrogenous extractives in
frozen fish muscle during storage," by J. Nishimoto,
article, Memoirs, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, vol. 11, no. 2, 1962, pp. 152-157, illus.,
printed in Japanese with English summary. Faculty
of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima,
Japan.
"La experiencia de las importaciones de pescado
congelado" (The experience of importing frozenfish),
by Mareiro, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38,
no. 892, June 15, 1964, pp. 294-295, printed in Span-
ish, single copy 50 ptas. (about 85 U. S. cents). In-
dustrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo,
Spain.
"Tuentificacion de los cambios de calidad en el pescado
congelado" (Identification of the changes in quality in
frozen fish), by A. Banks, article, Revista del Frio,
vol. 8, no. 4, October-December 1963, pp. 169-174,
printed in Spanish with English summary. Centro
Experimental del Frio, Serrano, 150, Madrid, Spain.
Interconversions of Flavorous Nucleotide Catabolites
in Chilled and Frozen Fish, by N. R. Jones. Torry
Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. Paper pre-
sented at XIth International Congress of Refrigera-
tion, August 27-September 4, 1963, Munich, Germany.
"Vacuum-packed frozen fatty fish,"' by F. Bramsnaes
and H. C. Sorensen, article, Bulletin, Institut Inter-
national du Froid, Suppl. no. 3, pp. 281-288, printed.
Institut International du Froid, 177 Boulevard Male-
sherbes, Paris 17, France.
GEAR:
"Collapsible cray or crab pot," by Alan Temple, arti-
cle, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 7, July 1964,
pp. 17, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Depart-
ment of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. De-
scribes a Japanese-manufactured crab or cray pot
to be tested in Australia. Details of construction and
performance are included. Advantages are the sav-
ings in storage space, and an increased catch rate
achieved by the side entrance as compared to the
top-entrance type pot.
"On the influence of hydrodynamic forces upon trawl-
ing warp and the choice of wire ropes for high-speed
and deep-water trawling,'' by S. N. Chubarov, article,
Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 5, 1962, pp. 45-49,
Ths, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17,
B-140, Moscow, U.S. S. R.
"Preliminary tests of automatic locks for otter boards,"
by V. K. Kondourov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo,
vol. 38, no. 12, 1962, pp. 41-43, illus., printed in Rus-
sian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow,
U.S.S.R.
Study of Midwater Trawl Fishing Gear and Their Tele-
meters, by C. Hamuro and K. fst Scientific Report
No. 3, 113 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Fishing
Boat Laboratory, Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan,
1961.
GEAR SELECTIVITY:
"A note on the interim effects on catches of changes in
gear selectivity," by J. A. Gulland, article, Journal
du Conseil, vol. 29, no. 1, June 1964, pp. 61-64, il-
Tus., printed, single copy 16 kr. (about US$2.30).
Andr. Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copenhagen, Den-
mark. Discusses a method of predicting the effects,
both long-range and short-term, of changes in selec-
tivity (i. e. larger mesh size) on catch, using data on
the size composition of the catches before a change
in gear, the selectivity of the original and changed
gears, and the ratio of fishing to total mortality.
140
"Selection by codend meshes and hooks on cod, had-
dock, flatfish and redfish," by F. D. McCracken,
article, Special Publication No. 5, pp. 131-155,
printed, 1963. Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
P. O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N. S., Canada.
GENERAL:
Farmer's World--The Yearbook of Agriculture, 1964,
607 pp., printed, 1964, $3. The U. = Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C) Abook primarily
for and about the farmer and his crops but containing
a chapter, "Fisheries of the world," by Sidney Sha-
piro, which points out the increasing importance of
fish products to our available supplies of proteins.
Discusses the principal marine fish and shellfish,
the methods of capture, improved methods of proc-
essing, the chief fisheries nations, international
trade, and fisheries treaties. Also touches briefly
on United States programs for aid to domestic and
foreign fisheries, work of the Fisheries Division of
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, other international organizations concerned
with fisheries, and the two Conferences on Law of
the Sea held in Geneva in 1958 and 1960. Other ar-
ticles of interest to people in fisheries and allied
fields are ''World sources of protein," by Martin G.
Weiss and Ruth M. Leverton; ''The evolution of com-
petitive markets," by Harry C. Trelogan; ''Proc-
essing and preservation," by Robert L. Olson and
Clyde L. Rasmussen; and ''Problems in human nu-
trition,'' by Hazel K. Stiebelingand Ruth M. Leverton.
Fishing in the Future, by Dayton L. Alverson and J.
Wilimovsky, Reprint No. 542, 5 pp., illus., printed.
(Reprinted from Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no.
4.) Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Com-
monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or-
ganization, Cronulla, N. S. W., Australia.
Style Manual for Biological Journals (Second Edition),
126 pp., illus., Samet 1964, $3. American Insti-
tute of Biological Sciences, 2000 P. St. NW., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20036. This style manual is designed
for research workers preparing manuscripts for
publication in biological journals, and for students
and other prospective authors. Style is interpreted
broadly to mean forms of expression in scholarly
writing, and the general technical requirements of
journals, such as details for typing manuscripts,
standard abbreviations, and citation of references.
Included are two long chapters: one on writing
which covers general principles, concise language,
word uSage, punctuation, and other grammatical
details; another on preparation of copy--paper, typ-
ing, corrections and insertions, title, abstract, ta-
bles, statistics, quotations, footnotes, and other in-
formation needed by an author or editor. Also in-
cluded are shorter chapters on approval of manu-
scripts and release of results, review of manu-
scripts, copy editing, proofreading, preservation of
materials for the history of science, indexing, and
useful references.
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC:
Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft (Archives for Fish-
ery Science), vol. 15, no. 1, April 1964, 62 pp., il-
lus., printed in German. Bundesforschungsanstalt
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
fur Fischerei, Hamburg, Germany. (Available from
Westliche Berliner Verlagsgesellschaft Heenemann
KG, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Germany.) Contains, among
others, the following articles: ''Zusammenhang
zwischen Eisdrift, atmospharischer Zirkulation und
Fischereii im Bereich der Fangplatze vor der su-
dostgronlandischen Kuste wahrend der ersten Jahre-
shalfte'' (Relation between ice drift, atmospheric cir-
culation, and the fisheries in the area of the fishing
grounds off the southeast Greenland coast during the
first half of the year), by A. Meyer; "Ergebnisse von
im Jahre 1962 durchgefuhrten Garnelenmarkierung-
sexperimenten"' (Results of the 1963 shrimp marking
(color) and tagging experiments), by W. Kourist, E.
Mauch and K. Tiews; and "Hin neues elektronisches
Schnellverfahren zur Ermittlung der Frische von
Seefischen" (A new electrical device which quickly
tells the degree of freshness of sea fish), by Chr.
Kennings.
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommis-
Sion fur Meeresforschung, new series, vol , no. 3,
April 1964, 146 pp., illus., printed in German and
English. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung
(Nagele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, Federal Republic
of Germany. Contains these articles: ''Biologisch-
statistische untersuchungen uber die Deutsche hoch-
seefischerei. Zusammenfassung der Teile I-IV"
(Biological-Statistical investigations on the German
high-seas fishery. General summary of parts I-IV),
by Johannes Lundbeck; and ''Uber die verbreitung der
fischarten in der Nordsee. I--Juni-Juli 1959 und
Juli 1960" (On the distribution of fish species in the
North Sea. Part I--June-July 1959 and July 1960),
by Dietrich Sahrhage.
GRAYLING:
Synopsis and Biological Data on European Graylin
TavMA LLLUS (linnaeus) 1758, edited
by Draga Jankovic, FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 24,
processed, 1964. Fisheries Division, Food and Ag-
riculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale
delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
GREAT SLAVE LAKE:
The following reports are available from the Bio-
logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
London, Ont., Canada.
Round Weight Conversion Factors for Great Slave Lake
Fish, by J. J. Keleher, 19 pp., Manuscript Report
Series (Biological) No. 773, printed, 1964.
Data on Size of Fish from 1956-1962 Winter Great
Slave Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J K
peeve . Keleher,
Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 774, 84
pp., printed, 1964.
Data on Size of Fish from 1963 Winter Great Slave
Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu-
Script Report Series (Biological) No. 778, 28 pp.,
printed, 1964.
Data on Size of Fish from 1963 Summer Great Slave
Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu-
script Report Series (Biclegical) No. 779, 58 pp.,
printed, 1964.
December 1964
Data on Size of Fish from 1962 Summer Great Slave
“Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu-
Script Report Series (Biological) No. 780, 51 pp.,
processed, 1964.
GREENLAND:
"Rapport om tokt med F/F Johan Hjort til Vest Gr¢n-
land i april/mai 1964"' (Report of a trip by R/V Jo-
han Hjort to West Greenland in April-May 1964), by
Erling Bratberg and Odd Nakken, article, Fiskets
Gang, vol. 50, no. 32, August 6, 1964, pp. 486-487,
illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fisk-
eridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway.
GROUNDFISH:
Water Economy and Osmoregulation of Plaice and
Flounder, by J. Henschel, See No. 38, 32 pp.,
processed, 1964. (Translated from the German,
Wiss. Meeresunters. Kiel, vol. 22, 1936, pp. 91-121.)
Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
GULF OF MEXICO:
The Fertile Fisheries Crescent, by Gordon Gunter,
pp., processed. (Reprinted from Journal of the
Mississippi Academy of Sciences, vol. 9, 1963, pp.
286-290.) Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean
Springs, Miss. Discusses the strip of coastline ly-
ing between Pascagoula, Miss., and Port Arthur,
Tex., which produced over 20 percent of the total
United States fishery landings in 1961 and 1962.
The volume of the Gulf fisheries has been main-
tained by the menhaden, and during both 1961 and
1962 production was over one billion pounds. Also
thriving are the shrimp, rough fish, and oyster fish-
eries.
The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (Ocean Springs,
~Miss.), by Gordon Gunter, 3 pp., Tus.. printed.
(Reprinted from American Zoologist, vol. 3, no. 3,
August 1963.) American Society of Zoologists, 104
Liberty St., Utica, N. Y.
HADDOCK:
The Distribution of the Haddock, 1953-1955, by R.
“Ya. Tseeb, Translation No. 21, 6 pp., processed,
1963. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiia
Nauk SSSR, 1958, pp. 228-233.) Fisheries Labora-
tory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,
Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
HERRING:
"Empleo de equipo electronico en las pesquerias de
arenque de Noruega” (Use of electronic equipment
in the Norwegian herring fisheries), by Torwald S.
Gedharsen, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38,
no. 891, June 1, 1964, pp. 269- , printed in Span-
ish, single copy 50 ptas. (about 85 U. S. cents). In-
dustrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-29, Vigo,
Spain.
Herring Industry Board. Twenty-Ninth Annual Re-
port, ic the Year Ended 3ist December, 1963, 43
pp., printed, 1964. Her Majesty's Stationery Office,
Edinburgh, Scotland.
Herring - North Sea, 1962, Stock Record, edited by
Arni Pridviksson Statistical News Letter No. 18,
58 pp., printed, 1963. Conseil Permanent Interna-
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
tional pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund
Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
"QO labil'nosti zhira Atlantichesko-Skandinayskikh
sel'dei"' (On the lability of fat in Atlantic-Scandina-
vian herring), by D. A. Shubnikov, article, Vopros
Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 416-417, et
in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologiches -
kaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S. 5S. R.
Plankton and the Feeding of Baltic Herring (Salaka)
Larvae in the Gulf of Riga, by L. N. Lisivnenko,
Translation No. 33, 44 pp., processed, 1964. (Trans-
lated from the Russian, Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel'-
skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva, Latvia SSSR,
vol. 3, 1961, pp. = .) Fisheries Laboratory,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Low-
estoft, Suffolk, England.
The following reports are available from the Bio-
logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Nanaimo, B, C., Canada.
The 1961 Herring Spawn Deposition in British Colum-
bia Coasta aters, by D. N. Outram, Circular No.
71, 11 pp., printed, 1963.
The Extent of Herring Spawning in British Columbia
in 1962, by D. N. Outram, Circular 69, 21 pp.,
printed, 1963.
The Extent of Herring Spawning in British Columbia
in 1963, by D. N. Outram, Circular No. 70, 11 pp.,
printed, 1963.
HONG KONG:
Foreign Trade Regulations of Hong Kong, by Dawn A.
Wachtel, OBR 64-77, pp., printed, June 1964, 15
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.)
Discusses Hong Kong's trade policy, import tariff,
special customs provisions, shipping documents,
labeling and marking requirements, nontariff import
controls, export controls, United States’ foreign
trade controls, and diplomatic representation between
the United States and that country. Includes tables
showing the scale of charges levied on dutiable com-
modities; andcommodities requiring import licenses.
ICHTHYOLOGY:
Age and Growth Studies in Fish--A Systematic Guide
ioe Ichthyologists, by N. I. Chugunova, OTS 61-31036,
132 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Translated from
the Russian, Academy of Sciences of the U.S. S. R.,
Dept. of Biological Sciences, Board of Ichthyology,
Institute of Animal Morphology.) Office of Technical
Services, U. S, Department of Commerce, Washington,
D. C. 20230.
INDIA:
Administration Report for the Year 1961-62, 176 pp.,
printed, . Madras Department of Fisheries,
Madras City, India.
Report on Fisheries Survey of the River Gandak (North
Bihar), by A. David, 10 pp., illus., printed, January
1963. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute,
Barrackpore, India.
141
142
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
INDONESIA:
Investment Factors in Indonesia, by M. Virginia Web-
bert, OBR 64-79, 12 pp., printed, June 1964, 15
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Although direct investment is not permitted at pre-
sent, a production-sharing arrangement is encour-
aged by the Indonesian Government. The report
discusses Government controls over industry, busi-
ness organization, taxation regulations, and capital
availability and credit. It also covers labor con-
ditions, basic economic facilities, investment serv-
ices, and Indonesian corporation and personal in-
come tax schedules.
INLAND FISHERIES:
A List of Inland Fishery Workers in Europe, FAO
’ Fisheries Technical Paper No. 15, rev. I, 80 pp.,
printed, 1964. European Inland Fisheries Advisory
Commission, Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
Rome, Italy.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS:
Annual Report for the Year 1963, 89 pp., printed, 1964.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La
Jolla, Calif.
Comparison and Abstracts of Selected Conventions
Establishing Fisheries Commissions, 79pp., printed,
1962. Legislation Research Branch, Food and Agri-
culture Organization of the United Nations, Viale
delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
(International North Pacific Fisheries Commission)
Annual Report, 1962, 130 pp., illus., printed, 1964.
International North Pacific Fisheries Commission,
6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C., Canada.
This is the ninth consecutive annual report of the
International North Pacific Fisheries Commission,
established by a Convention between Canada, Japan,
and the United States on June 12, 1953, for the pur-
pose of promoting and coordinating the necessary
Scientific studies and to recommend the required
conservation measures in order to secure the max-
imum sustained productivity of fisheries of joint
interest. The report contains summary accounts of
the annual meeting of the Commission held in Seattle,
November 12-17, 1962, and of an interim meeting
held in Honolulu, August 13-17, 1962; and a brief
resume of administrative activities during the year.
It also presents summaries prepared by the national
research agencies of investigations which they carry
out under the planning and coordination of the Com-
mission. Of principal concern are the salmon, hali-
but, herring, and king crab fisheries.
Perechen Dokumentov Vosmoi Sessii Sovetsko-Iapon-
skoi Komissii po Rybolovstvu Sovetskie materiali
Komissi, Tom II (List of Documents of the Eighth
Session of the Soviet-Japanese Fisheries Commis-
sion. Materials Collected by the Soviet Union. Vol.
II), 240 pp., processed in Russian, March 2, 1964.
Sovetsko-Iaponskaia Komissiia po Rybologstvu v
Sever-Zapadnoi Chasti Tikhogo Okeana, Vos'maia
Sessiia, Moscow, U.S. S. R. Contains statistical
information on 1963 coastal salmon fisheries in the
Far East, by areas of fishing.
IRAN:
Selling in Iran, OBR 64-86, 8 pp., printed, July 1964,
15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.)
Extensive development programs currently are being
undertaken throughout the country. A substantial
market exists and will continue to exist in the fore-
seeable future for products and services associated
with economic and social development. The report
contains information on import channels and require-
ments; distribution practices; transportation, port,
and storage facilities; and wholesale and retail chan-
nels. Also discusses commercial practices, trade
customs, marketing aids, Government procurement,
selling under United States programs, and informa-
tion for business travelers.
IRELAND:
Report of the Minister for Lands on the Sea and Inland
isheries for the Year 1962, 85 pp., illus., printed, _
September 1963, 5s. (about 70 U. S. cents). Govern-
ment Publications Sales Office, G. P. O. Arcade,
Dublin, Ireland. This report covers the activities of
the Fisheries Division of the Department of Lands,
and includes information and statistics on the quan-
tity and value of Ireland's sea and inland fish and
shellfish for 1962, and related data. Also includes
sections on the herring fisheries, mackerel investi-
gations, smolt taggings, and salmon rearing experi-
ments.
ISRAEL:
Long-Term Projections of Su and Demand for Ag
ricultural Beaunete in Taree 1--General View an
Summary, by Yair Mundlak, 237 pp., illus., printed,
May 1961 Blumstein's Bookstores, Tel Aviv, Israel.
This volume summarizes and analyzes the results of
a study of the supply and demand for agricultural pro-
ducts in Israel for the years 1965 and 1975. Includes
several small sections concerned with fish. Per
capita consumption of fish in Israel in 1960 was 10.4
kilograms; projected consumption in 1965 is 10.9
kilograms, with total consumption expected to be
27,555 tons. In view of the scarcity of water, it is
unlikely that there will be a significant increase in
production of pond fish. Therefore, unless sea fish-
ing increases faster than in the past, an increase in
imports of fish will be required to meet consumption
at the 1960 price level. If an arbitrary projection of
20,000 tons total production in 1965 is made, the re-
quired import would be about 7,600 tons. The pro- Y
jected consumption of fish in 1975 is 37,900 tons. *
Assuming that attempts to develop sea fishing will be
successful, the projected production is set at 25,000
tons. Then, imports of 12,900 tons will be required.
JAPAN:
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,
vol. 30, no.5, ‘Way 1964-107 op. illus., printedin
Japanese with English abstracts. Japanese Society
of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fish-
eries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Includes, among others, these articles: ''On the a-
mount of food required by the Japanese spiny lobster,
Panulirus japonicus (V. Siebold), kept in cage in re-
Tation to size and temperature," by Masaaki Inoue;
"Fundamental studies on the production of alginic
acid. IV--On the pigments dissolved in the extracted
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
143
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
solution of alginic acid," by Yuzo Harada; ''Studies
on the effects of marine products on cholesterol
metabolism in rats. II--The comparison of the ef-
fects of eicosapentaenoic and of docosahexaenoic
acids,"' by Takashi Kaneda, Kimie Arai, and Set-
suko Tokuda; ''Studies on utilization of enzyme from
whale pancreas. I--Proteolytic enzyme," by Yuichi
Sasano and Michiko Ota; ''A biological formation of
formaldehyde in the muscle tissue of gadoid fish"
(in English), by Keishi Amano and Kinjiro Yamada.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish-
eries, vol. 30, no. 6, June 1964, 81 pp., illus.,
printed in Japanese with English summaries. Japa-
nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni-
versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku,
Tokyo, Japan. Contains, among others, these arti-
cles: "On the distribution of the dolphin, Coryphaena
hippurus L., in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian
Ocean,” by Shunpei Kojima; ''On the spawning of the
ayu, Piecoglossus altivelis T. & S. IV--Distribution
and some geographical features of the spawning
ground," by Rikizo Ishida; ''Experimental use of fish
pumps. IV--Stream patterns compared among var-
ious siphonage,'' by Shn‘ichi Yajima and others;
"Studies on the external mucous substance of fishes.
IX --Preparation of crystalline N-acetylneuraminic
acid from the external mucous substance of loach,"
by Noriyuki Enomoto, Hiroki Nakagawa, and Yukio
Tomiyasu; "Studies on the manufacture of chondroi-
tin sulfate from whale nasal cartilage by liquefaction
method. I--Preparation of crude chondroitin sul-
fate by heating liquefaction," by Akimasa Nakashima,
Kohei Morinaga, and Haruo Tanaka; ''Studies on the
antisepsis for agar during the manufacturing process
in the mild winter. X--The method of detecting agar
decomposing bacteria by the iodine test,'' by Hiroaki
Fujisawa; and ''Studies on the nutrition of abalone.
Il--Protein requirements for growth of abalone,
Haliotis discus," by Chinkichi Ogino and Noriko
Kato.
Trade and Industry of Japan, vol. 13, no. 2, February
, 70 pp., illus., printed. Japan External Trade
Organization (JETRO), Publication Division, Daiichi
Hotel Annex, 2-7, Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, To-
kyo, Japan. An issue devoted exclusively to Japa-
nese fisheries and fish products. The lead article
discusses the geography and social conditions of
Japan; the economic importance of the fisheries; the
history of the industry since 1930; landings in the
distant-water, offshore, and inshore and coastal
fisheries; improvements in efficiency and range of
vessels; types of processed products manufactured;
and the growth of fisheries research and resource
eonservation. Another covers standards and pro-
cedures for export inspection of canned, frozen,
salted, and dried fishery products. Other articles
describe the culture of oysters, rainbow trout, ku-
ruma-shrimp, colored carp, and goldfish, and pearls;
modern freezing and cold-storage facilities; and the
production of frozen fishery products, canned fish,
fish ham and sausage, dried and salted products,
isinglass, fish meal, and marine animal oils.
JELLYFISH:
The Freshwater Jelly-Fish, CRASPEDACUSTA
~ SOWERBYI in Victoria: a New Record, by John K.
Ling, General Circular No. 10, 4 pp., printed, 1962.
Victoria Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Mel-'
bourne, Australia.
KILKA:
from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, 1959.) Bio-
logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Nanaimo, B. C., Canada.
KOREA:
Annual Report for Fishery Products Inspection, 1963,
"212 pp., printed, . Central Fisheries Inspection
Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 103
Wonnam-Dong, Chong-Ro, Seoul, Korea.
LAW OF THE SEA:
Law of the Sea--Convention on the Continental Shelf.
~ Agreement with other Governments--Done at Geneva
April 29, 1958. Entered into Force June 10, 1564,
"TIAS 5578, 56 pp., printed, 1964, 20 cents. Depart-
ment of State, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
LIBERIA:
Foreign Trade Regulations of Liberia, by Nancy V.
Rawis, OBR -30, 8 pp., printed, August 1964, 15
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
The Government of Liberia pursues a free trade
policy which is designed to promote and encourage
international business, to attract private foreign
investment by permitting the unhampered movement
of currency and goods, and to preserve the principle
of most-favored-nation treatment which it accords
to all its trading partners. Discusses Liberia's im-
port tariff system, special customs provisions, in-
ternal taxes, shipping documents required, and la-
beling and marking requirements. Also covers im-
port licensing, Liberia's export controls, United
States foreign trade controls, and Government repre-
sentation between the two countries.
LOBSTER:
The Facts about Massachusetts Lobster Statistics, by
- Thomas Morrissey, Special Scientific Report No. 1,
12 pp., printed, 1964. Massachusetts Division of
Marine Fisheries, Boston, Mass.
"Frozen whole lobster now possible for distribution to
restaurants,'' article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 27,
no. 2, September 1964, p. 87, illus., printed. E. W.
Williams Publications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. 10019. The successful development of a
fresh frozen whole lobster which will make possible
efforts of restaurant operators to keep lobster as a
permanent menu item was completed recently by a
New York State frozen seafood processor. In the
present product, shrinkage is minimized and the
meat cleaves from the shell in large sections. The
taste and texture of a fresh live lobster is retained
without artificial additives.
"Handling and processing Norway lobsters. Part III--
Cooking experiments; Part IV--Storage experiments
with Norway lobsters," by P. Hovart and W. Vyncke,
article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 3,
July-September 1964, pp. 221-222, 224-225, 227-228,
illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U. S.
144 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Lud-
gate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England.
Discusses cooking of Norway lobsters by different
methods and with variations in salt content of the
cooking brine. Experiments were conducted to
determine whether cooked or uncooked Norway lob-
sters had better keeping qualities. It was found
that exposure to high temperatures as it occurs
frequently in practice has a very unfavorable in-
fluence on the quality of these crustaceans. These
experiments also indicate that cooking on the fish-
ing vessels could improve quality. It was observed
that for storage up to 5 days, polyethylene bags are
superior to paper containers in preventing loss in
quality and weight.
A Report to the Fishing Industry Regarding the Tol-
~ erance of Lobsters for Fluoridate ater and for
Various Woods, by James E. Stewart, Circular _
(New Series) No. 17, 2 pp., printed, 1964. Techno-
logical Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research
Boara of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada.
MALAYSIA:
Establishing a Business in Malaysia, by'Louise H.
Hillson, GBR 64-78, 20 pp., printed, athe 1964, 15
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For
sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.)
Encouragingly, all Malaysian areas welcome the
fullest participation by private capital in their eco-
nomic development and make no distinction between
investments from local and foreign sources. The
report discusses other aspects of the investment
climate, legislation governing investment, business
organization, and industrial property protection.
Also covers employment conditions, taxation re-
gulations, availability of capital, basic economic
facilities, and investment information services.
MARINE AIDS:
Light List, Volume II, Atlantic and Gulf Coast--Little
iver South Carolina, to Rio Grande, Texas, and
the Antilles, 386 pp., illus., printed, 1964, $3. U. S.
Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Contains
locations of lights, fog signals, buoys, daybeacons,
lightships, radiobeacons, and loran stations from
Little River, South Carolina, to Rio Grande, Texas,
and for the Antilles. Intended to furnish more
complete information concerning aids to navigation
than can be conveniently shown on charts. Not in-
tended to be used in navigation in place of charts
and coast pilots.
Light List, vol. 4--Great Lakes. United States and
Canada, 250 pp., printed, 1964. U. S. Coast Guard,
Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent
of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D. C. 20402.)
MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS:
Catalogue of Main Marine Fouling Organisms (vol. I--
Barnacles), illus., printed. Organisation for Eco-
nomic Co-Operation and Development, 2 Rue Andre
Pascal, Paris, France.
Vol. 26, No. 12
MARINE RESOURCES:
Report of the First Session of the Advisory Commit-
tee on Marine Resources Researc , Rome, 28
January-2 February, 1963, Fisheries Report No. 14,
53 pp., processed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Or-
ganization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme
di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
MARYLAND:
Nineteenth Annual Report, 1962, 142 pp., printed.
Maryland Board of Natural Resources, Annapolis,
Md.
MASSACHUSETTS:
A Technical Study of the Scallop & Flounder Industr:
of New Bedford, Massachusetts, 207 pp., illus., proc-
essed, $1, Area Redevelopment Administration,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.,
1964. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,
U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
20402.) Deals with the operational problems facing
the fishing industry in New Bedford. Special atten-
tion was given to the personnel engaged in the in-
dustry, both those who work aboard the vessels and
those who are engaged in shore facilities. Discussed
in detail are the vessels, equipment, sanitation, in-
surance, and conservation of product. Vessel con-
struction and sources of supply are also an integral
part of the report. The problems affecting the prod-
uct, in regards to geographical location, and the
processing of the product, are dealt with in detail.
Recommendations regarding all of the above elements
have been incorporated into this report for further
action for the benefit of the fishing industry in gen-
eral.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA:
"Bedarf die marine fauna der mediterranen Kustenzone
eines schutzes ?'' (Does the marine fauna of the Med-
iterranean coasts need protection), by H. R. Haefel-
finger, article, Revue Suisse de Zoologie, vol. 70,
no. 2, 1963, pp. 252-258, printed in German. Societe
Suisse de Zoologie et du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland.
MEXICO:
Establishing a Business in Mexico, by Katherine E.
Rice, OBR 64-82, 28 pp., printed, July 1964, 15 cents.
Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department
of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) A generally
accepted principle is that foreigners have the right
to invest in Mexico and to withdraw the profits and +
proceeds provided they do so in accordance with
Mexican laws. In addition to investment policy, the
report discusses entrance and rights of aliens, busi-
ness organization law, and taxation regulations. It
also covers licensing agreements; patents, trade-
marks, and copyrights; labor legislation; and United
States taxation of income earned in Mexico.
Estadisticas Pesqueras Concentradas, 1956-1961
(Fishery Statistics Compilations, 1956-1961), 170 pp.,
printed in Spanish, 1964. Direccion General de Pesca
e Industrias Conexas, Secretaria de Industrias y
Comercio, Mexico, D. F.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
145
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
MO LLUSCS:
Physiology of Mollusca, edited by Karl M. Wilbur and
on M. Yonge:, I vol., illus., printed, 1964, Academ-
ic Press, Inc., 125 E, 23rd St., New York, N. Y.
10010,
MUSSELS:
Contribucion al Estudio Biologico del MYTILUS PLA-
EN ontribution to the Biclogical Study of My-
tilus platensis), by Zulma J, Ageitos de Castellanos,
29 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1962, Secretaria de
Agricultura y Ganaderia de la Nacion Buenos Aires,
Argentina,
The Distribution, Ecology, and Life History of the
~ Mussel, ACTIN ONATASE ELLIPSIFORMIS (Conrad),
in Michigan, by Henry Van der Schalie, Occasional
Papers No. 633, 17 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Muse-
um of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich,
"Mussel culture," by B. H. Havinga, article, Sea Fron-
tiers, vol. 10, no. 3, July 1964, pp. 155-161, illus.,
printed, Institute of Marine Science, University of
Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149,
Discusses the marine food chain and the part played
by the mussel in that chain; the culture of mussels
in the Netherlands, France, and Spain--collection
and sowing of seeds, care and feeding of the young,
and harvesting of mature mussels and preparation for
market; and possibilities of expanding the industry.
NATURAL RESOURCES:
The following United States papers prepared for the
United Nations Conference on the Application of
Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less
Developed Areas, held at Geneva, February 1963,
by the Science Conference Staff, Agency for Interna-
tional Development, U. S. Department of State, Wash-
ington, D, C., are for sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, U. S, Government Printing Office, Wash-
ington, D, C, 20402,
Natural Resources--Energy, Water, and River Basin
Development, vol. I, 366 Pp., illus., printed, $1.25,
Natural Resources--Minerals and Minin Mapping
and Geodetic Control, vol. Il, 362 pp., illus., printed,
$1.
Agriculture, vol, III, 272 pp., illus., printed, 75 cents.
fretadas the following articles on fishery resources
and production: "Development of modern fisheries:
experiences in the United States," by Lionel Walford;
"Improvement of production and preservation meth-
ods in an underdeveloped fishery through upgrading
fishing vessels, gear, and sanitary procedures," by
Charles Butler, H. B, Allen, and Lee Alverson; and
"Ocean fishery products and their inland transport
in less developed areas," by Wilbert M. Chapman
and others.
Industrial Development, vol. IV, 198 pp., printed, 55
cents,
Transportation, vol, V, 164 pp., illus., printed, 50
cents,
Health and Nutrition, vol, VI, 202 pp., illus., printed,
60 cents.
Social Problems of Development and Urbanization, vol.
VII, 98 pp., printed, 35 cents.
Organization, Planning and Programming for Economic
Developme t, vol. vit 150 pp., illus., printed, 45
cents,
Scientific and Technological Policy, Planning, and Or-
ganization, vol, IX, pp., printed, 30 cents,
International Cooperation and Problems of Transfer
and Adaptation, vol. X, 71 pp., illus., printed, 30 cents,
Human Resources-=Training of Scientific and Techni-
cal Personnel, vul, XI, BTb pp. illus., printed, 60
cents,
Communications, vol. XII, 170 pp., illus., printed, 50
cents,
NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Fisheries Division, Annual Report of Operations, 1963,
29 pp., printed, 1963, Fisheries Division, New Hamp-
shire Fish and Game Department, Concord, N. H.
NEW MEXICO:
Natural Resources of New Mexico, 71 pp., illus., print-
ed, 1964, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washing-
ton, D. C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, U. S, Government Printing Office, Washington,
D. C, 20402.)
NORTHEAST ATLANTIC OCEAN:
"Compte rendu preliminaire de la campagne de la
Thalassa en Islande, aux Feroe et a Rockall (Mai-
Juin 1963)"' (Preliminary report on the cruise of the
Thalassa to Iceland, the Faroes, and Rockall Bank--
May-June 1963), by Louis Faure, article, France
Peche, no, 86, July-August 1964, pp, 39-43, illus.,
printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179,
Lorient, France,
NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN:
Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the North-Eastern
Part of the Pacific Ocean, edited by P, A. Moiseev,
Trudy, vols. 48 and 49, printed in Russian with Eng-
lish summary and table of contents, 1963-1964,
Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Mors-
kogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii, Verkhn,
Krasnosel'skaia U1, No. 17, Moscow, U.S. 5S. R.
NORTHERN RHODESIA:
(Joint Fisheries Research Organization) Annual Report,
No. 11, 1961, 118 pp., printed, 1964, Joint Fisheries
Research Organization, Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia.
NORWAY:
Fiskeristatistikk 1962 (Fishery Statistics 1962), Norges
Offisielle Statistikk XII 144, 84 pp., illus., printed in
Norwegian with English table of contents, Fiskeri-
Sreunienen, Bergen, Norway.. Contains statistical
tables on number of fishermen by sole, main, and sub-
sidiary occupation; open and decked-powered fishing
vessels by length; quantity and value of all Norwegian
sea fisheries, annual average; quantity and value of
each species; quantity and value of processed fish
products landed; disposition of landings; exports and
imports of fish and fishery products; winter herring
by disposition; and other related data,
146
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
OCEANOGRAPHY:
Achievements in Oceanography. No, 1--Progress in
the Study of the Depths of the Oceans, edited by Lev
Aleksandrovich Zenkevich, OTS 60-41204, 253 pp.,
illus., printed, 1960. (Translated from the Russian,
Itogi Nauki, 1959, pp. 5-147.) Office of Technical
Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washing-
ton, D. C. 20230.
Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico, vol 1, no, 1, July
1961, 286 pp., illus., printed in Spanish and English,
single copy Bs. 6 (about US$1.80). Instituto Ocean-
ografico, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado de Cor-
reos 94, Cumana, Venezuela. Includes, among oth-
ers, an article on: ''A racial investigation of the
bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneaus) of the At-
lantic Coast of North America," by William Albert
Lund, Jr.
Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico, vol. 1, no, 2, De-
cember 1961, 200 pp., illus., printed in Spanish and
English, single copy Bs. 6 (about US$1.80). Instituto
Oceanografico, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado de
Correos 94, Cumana, Venezuela. Includes, among
others, these articles: ''On some oceanographic ob-
servations in the southeastern Caribbean Sea and the
adjacent Atlantic Ocean with special reference to
the influence of the Orinoco River," by Herman G.
Gade; and "Osteologia comparada en ocho especies
de Pomadasyidae (Pisces-Perciformes) del Golfo de
Cariaco, Venezuela, y areas adyacentes" (Compara -
tive osteology of 8 species of Pomadasyidae-- Pisces -
Perciformes --ofthe Gulfof Cariaco, Venezuela, and
adjacent areas), by Francisco Mago Leccia.
Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fish-
eries (Vol. 5, Subject Index--Physical Oceanography),
FIb/35, processed, November 1963. Biology Branch,
Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organiza -
tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di
Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fish-
eries (Vol. 6, Subject Index--Physical Oceanography),
FlIb/39, processed, March 1964, Biology Branch,
Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Car
acalla, Rome, Italy.
The Design of a Deep Moored Oceanographic Station,
“by George R. Schick, 14 pp., printed. 1363. Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California,
La Jolla, Calif. The overall design techniques for
a taut nylon mooring are covered. Factors that in-
fluence the selection of a surface float configuration
are discussed. Deals with some problems of instru-
ment line design and manufacture. A summary of
recent experience with this type of mooring is pre-
sented,
Developments in Soviet Oceanography, JPRS 21,278,
20 pp., illus., printed, 1963. {trenslated from the
Russian, Priroda, no. 6, June 1963.) Office of Tech-
nical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash-
ington, D. C. 20230.
International Marine Science, vol. II, no. 1, January
1964, 42 pp., processed, Fisheries Biology Branch,
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
Includes an excerpt from an address by the late Pres-
ident John F, Kennedy concerning oceanographic re-
search; reports of national committees of Poland and
Republic of South Africa; data on the national ocean-
ographic programs of Argentina, Federal Republic of
Germany, Chile, Korea, Portugal, United Kingdom,
and U.S. S. R.; and information onthe Guinean Trawl-
ing Survey, and ICNAF Environmental Study. Also
outlines forthcoming meetings on marine sciences;
meetings of the IOC Working Group on Communica-
tions, World Food Congress, International Associa-
tion of Physical Oceanography, and FAO Working
Party for the Rational Utilization of Tuna Resources
of the Atlantic Ocean; training courses and seminars,
and fellowships; new oceanographic equipment and
research craft; and activities of the Intergovernment-
al Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Committee
on Oceanic Research, and the World Meteorological
Organization.
International Marine Science, vol. II, no. 2, April 1964,
40 pp., processed, Fisheries Biology Branch, Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy Con-
tains information on national committees for ocean-
Ographic research in Malaysia, the United States, and
Italy; and these international organizations--South
West Atlantic Fisheries Advisory Commission, East
African Marine Fisheries Research Organization,
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organi-
zation, International Association of Physical Ocean-
ography, Pacific Science Association, and Permanent
International Association of Navigation Congresses,
Outlines the national oceanographic programs of Ar-
gentina, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and
Portugal; projects of the International Biological
Programme, International Indian Ocean Expedition,
and ICNAF Environmental Study; forthcoming meet-
ings on marine sciences; training courses and semi-
nars, and fellowships; new oceanographic equipment;
and activities of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission, and the FAO Advisory Committee on
Marine Resources Research,
Lines of Research on Seawater Fertility, by Luigo
Tovasoli, pp., 1lus., printed in Japanese with
English bibliography, March 28, 1964, Japan Fish-
eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg.,
24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku,
Tokyo, Japan,
Oceanographic Bibliography, 1960-1963, compiled by
H. B. Hachey, pp., printed, 1963. Canadian Com-
mittee on Oceanography, St. Andrews, N. B. Canada,
An Oceanographic Investigation of Causes, Mechanisms,
“and Predictability of Changes in Availability of Tuna
in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Quarterly henort
No. 11, 1960; Half-Yearly Report, July-December,
1962, STOR Program Progress Reports, printed,
Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla Calif,
"Okeanograficheskie organizatsii Kanady i osnovnaya
tematika ikh rabot'’ (Oceanographic organizations of
Canada and the principal subject of their studies),
by A. Ya. Minevich, article, Okeanologiya, vol. 2,
no. 5, 1962, pp. 947-948, printed in Russian. Okean-
ologiya, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S. R.
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 147
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
"Preliminary Report on Marine Biological Anomalies
on the Pacific Coast of Japan in Earky Months of
1963, with Reference to Oceanographic Conditions,
by Zinziro Nakai, and others, Contribution A-199,
19 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Bulletin of
Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no.
38, February 1964, pp. 57-75.) Tokai Regional Fish-
eries Research Laboratory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku,
Tokyo, Japan,
"Sources of limnological and oceanographic apparatus
and supplies," by J. F. T. Saur and others, article,
Limnology and Oceanography, suppl. to vol. 9 (Special
Publication No, 1, Third Revision), pp. 1-32, printed.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,
Mass.
Soviet Oceanography, issue no, 3, 1962 series, 51 pp.,
illus., eroceesey, single copy $8.50. American Geo-
physical Union, Suite 506, 1145 19th St. NW., Wash-
ington, D, C, 20036. Contains articles translated from
the oceanology sections of Doklady of the Academy
of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., vols. 142-147, 1962,
and 148-153, 1963, Includes, among others articles
on: "The tropical phytoplankton of the Indian Ocean,"
by I, N, Sukhanova; "Distribution of mass species of
the Genus Calanus in the Southern Hemisphere, " by
K. A. Brodskiy; and "Quantitative distribution of bot-
tom fauna in the northern part of the Arabian Sea and
in the Bay of Bengal," by M. N. Sokolova and F, A,
Pasternak,
Ondersea tee vol. 5, no. 5, May 1964, 51 pp.,
us., printed, single copy$1. Compass Publications,
Inc., 1111 N. 19thSt., Arlington, Va. 22209. Contains
among others, articles on: ''Congress looks to the
sea;" "Oceanography pot boils," by Richard E. Mun-
ske; and ''Engineering the oceans," by Athelstan
Spilhaus.
OCEAN PERCH:
Biology of Reproduction of the Redfishes SEBASTES
INUS L, and SEBASTES MENTELLA Travin in
(Translated from the Russian, Ikhtiologicheskaia
Komissiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Trudy Soveshchanii,
no. 8, 1959, pp. 158-170.) Biological Station, Fish-
eries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B.,
Canada.
Report on the North Atlantic Redfish Fisheries, 9 pp.,
printed, 1964. White Fish Authority, Lincoln's Inn
Chambers, 2/3 Cursitor St., London EC4, England.
"Scottish redfish larval investigations in 1962 with
some observations on mid-oceanic echo-traces," by
D. F. S, Raitt, article, Journal Du Conseil, vol. 29,
no, 1, June 1964, pp. 65-72, illus., printed, single
copy 16 kr. (about US$2.30), Andr. Fred. Host & Son,
Bredgade, Copenhagen, Denmark,
OCTOPUS AND SQUID:
"Blekkspruten, den betydning 1 verdenshusholdningen--
Litt norsk import av hermetisk vare fra Japan og
Portugal" (Octopus and Squid, their importance in the
world economy--small Norwegian import of canned
goods from Japan and Portugal), by B. Ldévas-
Svendsen, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri,
vol, 50, no, 8, August 1964, pp. 269-273, illus., print-
ed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetikfabrikers Lands-
forening, Stavanger, Norway.
ODOR ABATEMENT:
Odour Abatement Tests at a Fishmeal Plant, by S, W.
F. Hanson, Torry Memoir No, 164, 4 pp., illus.,
printed. (Reprinted from Fishing News International,
April-June 1964,) Torry Research Station, 135
Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland.
OKLAHOMA:
Standing Crop of Fish in Oklahoma Ponds, by Robert
M. Jenkins, Report No. 65, 15 pp., illus., printed,
1958, Department of Wildlife Conservation, Fish-
eries Division, Oklahoma City, Okla.
OREGON:
Annual Report, 1962, 409 pp., printed, 1963. Fishery
Division, Oregon Game Commission, Portland, Oreg.
OTOLITHS:
"Burning of otoliths, a technique for age determination
of soles and other fish," by Jorgen Mé@ller Christensen,
article, Journal Du Conseil, vol. 29, no, 1, June 1964,
pp. 73-81, illus., printed, single copy 16 kr. (about
US$2.30). Andr, Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copen-
hagen, Denmark.
OYSTERS:
"Building an oyster cleansing plant," article, Fisher-
ies Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 23-26,
illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of
Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. Discusses
the construction and operation of an inexpensive
plant for purifying oysters from sewage pollution,
Water is pumped into tanks from the sea and used for
7-14 days. During this period several batches of oys-
ters may be purified in the same water, each batch
being held for two nights (36 hours minimum). In
managing the unit, consisting of a large subdivided
concrete tank, each half of the plant may be filled
with oysters on alternate days so that cleansed oys-
ters are available daily. Water is sterilized by ex-
posure to ultra-violet lamps for 24 hours, immedi-
ately after being pumped from the sea.
The Effect of Kraft Mill Effluent on the Pacific Oyster
“(GRASSOSTREA GIGAS) with Particular Reference
to Crofton, B. C.,” by D. B. Quayle, Manuscript Re-
port Series (Biological) No. 765, 20 pp., illus., print-
ed, 1964, Biological Station, Fisheries Board of Can-
ada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada.
Recherches sur l'Ostreiculture dans le Bassin de
Chasse d'Ostende en 1960 (Research on Oyster Cul-
ture in the Tidal Basin at Ostende in 1960), by E.
LeLoup and others, 89 pp., illus., printed in French.
Ministere de l'Agriculture, Commission T, W. O. Z.,
Group de Travail Ostreiculture, Ostende, Belgium.
PACIFIC OCEAN:
A Study of Demersal Fishes and Fisheries of the North-
~éastern Pacific Ocean, by D. L. Alverson, A. T.
Pruter, and L. L. Ronholt, H. R. MacMillan Lectures
in Fisheries, 194 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Institute
of Fisheries, The University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Each year, under a fund
established by Dr. H. R. MacMillan, a series of
148 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
lectures or a symposium is presented at the Insti-
tute of Fisheries, The University of British Colum-
bia, on problems of current interest. When appro-
priate, the material presented at those sessions has
been assembled for publication, This is the fourth
such report to be issued, Its purposes are to (1) re-
view the development and magnitude of demersal
fisheries in the northeastern Pacific Ocean; (2) de-
scribe the gear and fishing techniques used to har-
vest the resources; (3) summarize results of explor-
atory fishing surveys to provide information on the
distribution, relative abundance, and sizes of demer-
sal fishes inhabiting the continental shelf and con-
tinental slope off North America from Oregon to the
Bering Sea; and (4) consider the magnitude and cur-
rent use of demersal fish stocks. Included are chap-
ters on Pacific Coast groundfish fisheries; fishing by
Asian nations in the eastern North Pacific; history
of United States groundfish explorations--regions
surveyed and methods of analysis; flounders; and
rockfish, Also discussed in detail are roundfish--
cod, hake, sablefish, greenlings, rattails, and scul-
pins; sharks, skates, and ratfishes; the demersal fish
community; distribution and relative abundance as
related to environmental factors; and the resource
and its use,
PARASITES: :
Estimation of Incidence of Larval Nematodes in Cod
Fillets from the Southern Canadian Mainland to 1963,
by F. D. McCracken and D, N, Fitzgerald, Manu-
script Report Series (Biological) No. 781, 10 pp.,
printed, 1964, Biological Station, Fisheries Research
Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada.
PERU:
Market Factors in Peru, by Richard H. Mullins, OBR 64-
76, 12 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of
International Commerce, U. S. Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superin-
tendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Peru's economy
continued its favorable growth in 1963, with real
gross national product increasing by 5-1/2 percent.
The outlook for 1964 was for somewhat faster growth
than in 1963, It is expected that Peru will demand
more and more capital goods as opposed to consum-
er goods in coming years. In addition to future out-
look, the report discusses the scope and nature of the
Peruvian market; competition and the United States
share of the over-all market; and a market analysis
for selected commodities and services.
PESTICIDES:
“Alteration in nerve cells in fish and crustaceans
caused by insecticides," by H. Kayser, D. Ludemann,
and H, Neumann, article, Water Pollution Abstracts,
vol, 37, no, 1, 1964, 173, printed. Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct,
London EC4, England,
"Investigations into the toxicity of some herbicides
for fish. 10--On the toxicity of modern pest-destroy-
ing agents for fish,"' by G, Bodenstein and G, M. Bast-
gen, article, Water Pollution Abstracts, vol. 36, no.
3, 1963, 518, printed. Her Majesty's Stationery
Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4,
England,
PIKE -PERCH:
Synopsis of Biological Data on Pike-Perch, LUCIO-
PERCA LUCIOPERCA (Linnaeus) 1758, F'B/S28, pro-
cessed, March 1964, Biology Branch, Fisheries Divi-
sion, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
PLAICE:
Plaice Investigations in Scottish Waters. 1--Size-Com-
position of the Stocks, 1910-1952, Marine Research
1964 No, 1, 29 pp., printed, 1964, Department of Ag-
riculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scot-
land. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information
Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.)
On the Relation between Stock Density and Growth in
“the Plaice Population of the German Bight, by Gott-
hilf Hempel, Franslation 23, 8 pp., printed, 1964,
(Translated from the German, Berichte der Deutschen
Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung,
vol. 14, no. 2, 1958.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suf-
folk, England.
PLANKTON:
The Pilchard of South West Africa (SARDINOPS OCEL-
~ LATA)--Zooplankton Studies in the Waters off Walvis
Bay with Special Reference to the Copepoda, by H. K.
nteruberbacher, Investigational Report No, 11, 78pp.,
illus., printed, 1964. Marine Research Laboratory,
Administration of South West Africa, Windhoek, South
West Africa.
"Tiny drifters of the sea,'’ by John J. Lee and Hugo
Freudenthal, article, Natural History, vol. 73,ino. 8,
October 1964, pp. 44-45, illus., printed, single copy
50 cents, The American Museum of Natural History,
Central Park W, at 79th St., New York, N. Y. 10024,
POLLUTION: 1
Toxicity of Pollution to Aquatic Life - a Summary of
Research in Canada, by J. B. Sprague, Manuscript Re-
port Series (Biological) No. 771, 18 pp., printed, 1964,
Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Can-
ada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada,
PORTUGAL:
Boletim da Pesca, vol. 16, no. 83, June 1964, 83 pp.,
illus., printed in Portuguese. Gabinete de Estudos
das Pescas, R. S. Bento, 644, 4° Esq., Lisbon, Por-
tugal. Includes articles on: 'Algumas consideracoes
sobre os indices de abundancia da Pescado (Merluc-
cius merluccius L,) na costa of Portugal" (Some con-
siderations on the indexes of abundance of fish--Mer-
luccius merluccius L.--along the coast of Portugal),
by Rui Monteiro; "Alguns aspectos da conservacao
do peixe pelo sal e sua bacteriologia" (Some aspects
of preservation of fish by salt and its bacteriology),
by A. T. Botelho; ''Selectividade de redes de arrastar"
(Selectivity of trawl nets), by Rui Monteiro; and
"Portugal e as suas relacoes piscatorias com a Ter-
ra Nova e o Canada" (Portugal and its fishery rela-
tions with Newfoundland and Canada), by Eurico A.
Valadao do Vale.
PREDATORS:
1964, (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Sovesh-
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
149
chanii, no, 133, 1961.) Fisheries Laboratory, Minis-
try of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft,
Suffolk, England,
PRESERVATION:
The Work of the Tcrry Research Station and the Hum-
~ ber Laboratoryfor Research on the Problems of Han-
dling and Preservation of Fish and Fishery By-Pro-
ducts. A Brief Description, 23 pp., illus., printed.
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Hereford, England,
PROCESSING:
"A practical method for brining and smoking fish," by
A. W. Lantz, article, Trade News, vol. 16, no, 12,
June 1964, pp. 14-17, illus., processed. Information
and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ot-
tawa, Canada. Describes, with the help of drawings,
the 9 steps involved in brining and smoking fresh-water
fish. Included is a plan of the smokehouse, which
can be constructed athome. Fish whichcanbe smoked
are goldeye, whitefish, tullibee, trout, mullet, pike,
and pickerel,
Processing Mussels, Cockles and Whelks, by J. J.Wa-
terman, Torry Advisory Note No, 13, 10 pp., illus.,
printed, December 1963. Torry Research Station,
Aberdeen, Scotland.
A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Problem of
Excess Moisture in Fish, by H. E, Power, Circular
(New Series) No. 16, 3 pp., printed. Technological
Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada,
QUALITY:
Les Causes de 1'Altération du Poisson et 1'Influence
“de la Temperature (Causes of Deterioration of Fish
and the Influence of Temperature), by P. Hovart, E.
Van Damme, and W. Vyncke, 42 pp., illus., printed
in French. (Reprinted from Revue de l'Agriculture,
vol, 17, nos, 5-6, May-June 1964, pp. 647-688.) Min-
istere de l'Agriculture, 10 rue du Meridien, Brussels,
Belgium.
"The enzymatic degradation of neurosine as an index
of fish quality,'' by Morris H. Baslow, article, Amer-
ican Zoologist, vol. 3, no, 4, 1963, p. 536, printed.
American SS aaty of Zoologists, 104 Liberty St., U-
tica, N.Y.
RADIATION PRESERVATION:
A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Use of Radia-
tion for the Preservation of Marine Products, by H.
E. Power, Circular (New Series) No. 18,2 pp., print-
ed, 1964, Technological Research Laboratory, Fish-
eries Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Can-
ada.
RADIOACTIVITY:
On the Accumulation of Fission Products by Marine
~ Organisms, I--The Accumulation of Strontium-90,
Yttrium-91 and Cerium-144 by Benthic Plants and
Animals, by G. G. Polikarpov. Translation No. 30,
PP. Eecrr sed 1964, (Translated from the Rus-
sian, Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly, Biologivhrd-
kir Nauki, no, 3, 1360.3 Fisheries Tasdeators Min-
istry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft,
Suffolk, England,
"The uptake of radioactivity by fish and shellfish, I--
134 Caesium by whole animals," by F. Morgan, arti-
cle, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of
the United Kingdom, vol. 44, no. I, 1964, pp. 259-271,
printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston
Rd., London NW1, England,
RAYS:
"
Nuevas Especies de Rayas"" para la Fauna del Peru
(New Species of “Rays” among the Fauna of Peru),
by Norma Chirichigno F., Serie de Divulgacion
Cientifica 20, 13 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1963,
Servicio de Pesqueria, Lima, Peru.
RETAILING:
Fish Display in Retail Shops, Torry Advisory Note No,
12, 7 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Torry Research Sta-
tion, Aberdeen, Scotland.
ROCKFISH:
"Sebastodes phillipsi, a new Scorpaenid fish from Cal-
ifornian waters, by John E, Fitch, article, Copeia,
no, 3, September 10, 1964, pp, 525-529, illus., print-
ed, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpe-
tologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. De-
scribes the discovery and identification of a new
rockfish from California waters, This fish is found
between Monterey Bay and Santa Catalina Island, us-
ually in water deeper than 800 feet. Because of its
habit of changing color from a whitish-pink to gold-
en-crimson when boated, it is given the common
name of ''chameleon rockfish."" This species proved
to be identical to a fish previously described in 1957
but thought to be a hybrid.
SAFETY:
Safety Afloat, 18 pp., illus., printed. Mobil Oil Com-
pany, Marine Retail Department, 150 E, 42nd St.,
New York, N. Y. 10017, Contains safety rules of val-
ue to both the professional and the amateur boatman,
Illustrated with colored drawings, it includes infor-
mation on the pre-cruise safety checklist; buoys,
waterway markers; rules of the road; Coast Guard
requirements for small craft; emergency drills;
safe water skiing; safe fueling procedures; artificial
respiration; first aid at a glance; anchoring; coastal
weather warnings; and distress signals.
SALMON:
Abundance, Distribution, and Size of Juvenile Red Salm -
on of the 1960 Year Class in lliamna Lake, Alaska,
printed, 1964, College of Fisheries, University of
Washington, Seattle, Wash.
Annual Report, 1963, 47 pp., printed, 1964, Skeena
Salmon Management Committee, Biological Station,
Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C.,
Canada.
Artificial Propagation of Salmon in Japan, by T. Mi-
hara, S. Sano, and H. Eguchi, 62 pp., illus., printed
in Japanese. Japan Fisheries Resources Conserva-
tion Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho,
Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
USSR
Overseas Fisheries Series No. 1, 72 pp., illus.,
printed in Japanese, February 10, 1964. Japan Fish-
150
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No.
eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg.,
24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, To-
kyo, Japan.
The Chinook and Coho Salmon Fisheries of British Co-
“lumbia, by D. J. Milne, Bulletin No. 142, 46 pp.,
printed, 1964. Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa,
Canada.
The Ecology of the Young Stages of the Atlantic Salm-
“on in the River Bran, Ross-shire, by D. H. Mills,
Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research No. 32,
58 pp., printed, 1964, Department of Agriculture
and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
(For sale by Sales Section, British Information
Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.)
Experiments on the Effect of Captivity on Salmon Be-
haviour, by D, V. Ellis, Manuscript Report Series
(Biological) No. 756, 30 pp., printed, 1964. Biolo-
gical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Nanaimo, B. C., Canada.
Factors Affecting Marine Age at Return in Sockeye
Salmon, by Ted S_Y. Koo, Circular No, 208, 9 pp.,
printed, 1964. Fisheries Research Institute, Uni-
versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
"Indian River spawning channel," by J. J. Quigley,
article, Trade News, vol. 17, no. 2, August 1964,
pp. 3-4, illus., processed. Information and Consum-
er Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Can-
ada.
The Migration and Exploitation of Pink Salmon Runs
in and Adjacent to the Fraser River Convention Area
in 1959, by E. H. Vernon, A. S. Hourston, and G. A.
it folland, Bulletin XV, 302 pp., illus., printed, 1964.
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission,
P. O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada.
"Mortality of pink and chum salmon eggs and larvae
in southeast Alaska streams," by William John Mc-
Neil, article, Disseration Abstracts, vol. 23 (12 Pt.
1), 1963, pp. 4489-4490, printed. University Micro-
films, University of Michigan, 313 N. 1st St., Ann
Arbor, Mich,
"Nablyudeniya za nerestom gorbushi Oncorhynchus
orbusha (Walbaum) i letnei kety Oncorhynchus keta
Walbaum) v reke My (liman Amura)™ (Observations
of spawning of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha-=-.
Walbaum--and chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta--
Walbaum--in the My River--Amur DERE I.1.
Strekalova, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2,
1963, pp. 256-265, illus., printed in Here, Aka-
demiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia,
Moscow, U.S. S. R.
"On the problems of population dynamics relevant to
immature salmon caught offshore in the North Pa-
cific, '' by Takeyuki Doi, article, Bulletin of the To-
kai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 35,
1962, pp. 1-8, printed. Tokai Regional Fisheries Re-
search Laboratory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan.
"Rol! vitaminov Ai By, v vyrashchivanii molodilososya"
(The role of vitamins A and B in the rearing of salm-
onfry), by Z. I. Chudova, article, Trudy Nauchno-
Issledovatel'skii Instituta Rybnoe Khoziaistva Lat-
vilsk. , vol, 3, 1961, pp. 421-429, printed in Rus-
Sian. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New
York, N. Y. 10010.
Salmon Packing; Equipment and Operation, by S. W.
Roach and F. G. Giaveete Circular No. 30, 7 pp.,
printed, 1964. Technological Research Laboratory,
Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver, ~
B. C., Canada.
Sizes and Ages of Chinook (ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHA-
WYTSCHA) and Coho (O. KISUTCH) salmon in the
British Columbia Troll Fisheries (1952-1959) and the
Fraser River Gill-Net Fishery (1956-1959), by D. J.
Milne, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 776,
36 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Biological Station, Fish-
eries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B. C.,
Canada,
The Stock of Baltic Salmon and the Swedish Taggin
"Experiments, by Borje Carlin, Circular No. ae
27 pp., printed, 1964. (Translated from the Swedish,
Laxforskninginstutet Meddelande.) Fisheries Re-
search Institute, College of Fisheries, University of
Washington, Seattle, Wash.
The Susceptibility of Salmonid Fish to Poisons under
Estuarine Conditions. 1--Zine Sulphate, by D. W.M.
Herbert, Reprint No. 441, 5 pp., printed, 1964. (Re-
printed from International Journal of Air and Water
Pollution, 1964.) Water Pollution Research Labora-
tory, Stevenage, Hertford, England.
"OQ yozraste i dinamike chislennosti tikhookeanskoi
gorbushi Oncorhynchus gorbusha (Walb.)' (On the age
and population dynamics of the Pacific pink salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.), by Yu. E. Lapin,
article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp.
243-255, illus., printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk
SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
The following articles were published in Oregon Fish
Commission Research Briefs, vol. 9,no.1,1 , printed.
Fish Commission of Oregon, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400
SW. 5th Ave., Portland, Oreg. 97201:
"An attempt to mark juvenile silver salmon by feeding
selected metallic compounds," by Thomas B. McKee
and Wallace F. Hublou, pp. 27-29, illus.
"Tength-weight relationship of artificially propagated
juvenile silver salmon," by David A. Leith and Ellis
J. Wyatt, pp. 37-41, illus.
"An operculum marking experiment on juvenile chinook
salmon," by Earl F. Pulford and Lawrence M. Woodall,
pp. 30-36, illus.
SALMON AND TROUT:
Cyanide in Salmon and Brown Trout, by A. V. Holden
and K. Marsden, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries
Research 33, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1964, 4s. (about
80 U.S. cents). Department of Agriculture and Fish-
eries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (For sale
by Sales Section, British Information Services, 845
Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.)
12
December 1964
"Investigation and management of Atlantic salmonand
trout. Part 1--The research program; Part 2--The
management program," article, Trade News, vol. 17,
no, 1, July 1964, pp. 3-15, illus., processed, Infor-
mation and Consumer Service, Department of Fish-
eries, Ottawa, Canada. Summarizes the 1963-64re-
search programs conducted by the Fisheries Re-
search Board of Canada's Biological Stations atSt.
Andrews, N. B., and St. John's, Newfoundland. In-
vestigations were made of the effect of insecticide
spraying of New Brunswick forests and associated
abundance of salmon; merganser (fish-eating ducks)
control; Pollett River, N. B., salmon studies; re-
turn of experimentally-displaced salmon parr to
their "homes;" return of tagged and marked native
smolts in the northwest Miramichi River; Canadian
tagged salmon recaptured near Greer’and, and mine
waste pollution studies. Summarizes the 1963-64
management program in the Maritimes area, Quebec,
and Newfoundland. Activities included construction
of fish facilities for dams, operation of fish culture
stations, salmon transfers, spawning channels, and
remedial work on logging dam obstruction.
The Occurrence and Pathology of Dee Disease, by Isa-
“bel W. Smith, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheties Re-
search 34, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1964, 15s. (about
US$3). Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for
Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales
Section, British Information Services, 845 ThirdAve.,
New York, N. Y. 10022.)
SANITATION:
Food-plant Sanitation, by Milton E, Parker and John
H. Litchfield, 401 pp., illus., printed, 1962, Rein-
hold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Ave., New
York 22, N. Y.
Shellfish Sanitation Workshop: Proceedings, Novem-
ber 26-30, 1961, 288 pp., printed, 1962. Public
Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, Washington, D, C. 20201,
SARDINE:
Efficiency and Rate of Yolk Utilization by Developin
mbryos and Larvae of the Pacific Sardine DIN-
OPS CRERULES (Girard), by Reuben Lasker, 9 pp.,
illus., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Fish-
eries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 5, 1962,
pp. 867-875.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa,
Canada,
"A sardinha portuguesa de que todo o mundo gosta e
uma das maiores fontes de requeza nacional" (The
Portuguese sardine, which is enjoyed by the whole
world, is one of the major sources of national wealth),
article, Jornal do Pescador, vol. 26, no, 306, July
1964, pp. 41-44, printed ‘in Portuguese, single copy
5 escudos (about 18 U.S. cents), Junta Central das
Casas dos Pescadores, Rua de S, Bento, 644-4°,
Lisbon, Portugal.
of, dines and
World Scientific Meeting on the Biolo
Related Species, Rome, 1959--Documents to be Con-
sidered by Workin Group on Sardine Measuring, lvol.,
illus., poineca in French, Spanish, and English, 1959.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
151
BUT USUALLY MAY BE
SARDINE AND ANCHOVY:
Studies on the Sardine (SARDINA PILCHARDUS Walb,)
~and Anchovy (ENGRAULIS ENCRASICHOLUS L.) in
the Gulf of Naples and Their Behaviour to Artificial
Light, by Olav Dragesund, GFCM Studies and Reviews
No, 23, 44 pp., illus., processed, June 1964, General
Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale
delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
SCALLOPS:
"Scallop market," article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol.
23, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 19, 21, illus., printed.
Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry,
Canberra, Australia, Since Australian scallop pro-
duction in 1963-64 expanded substantially with the uti-
lization of new beds in Victoria, the need to increase
exports became apparent. Australian Trade Commis-
sioners overseas were asked to evaluate markets for
scallops. This article summarizes the results of
those evaluations in France, Belgium, Malaysia, the
Pacific Islands, United Kingdom, Greece, Hong Kong,
Kenya, Bahrein and Kuwait, the United States, Leba-
non, and Venezuela. Included is a table showing es-
timated Australian scallop exports, 1960/61-1963/64,
SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAM:
Food Buying Guide for Type A School Lunches, PA-270
apiswal, 75 pp., illus., printed, $1.25, January 1964.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C,
(For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 20402.)
Provides information for planning and calculating the
quantities of food, including fish and shellfish, to be
purchased and used by schools serving Type A lunch-
es in the National School Lunch Program, The Type
A lunch pattern is a guide to well-balanced lunches,
It is designed to help in planning lunches that supply
the kind and amount of foods children need,
SEALS:
"About seals,'' by Bennet B. Rae, article, Scottish Fish-
eries Bulletin, no, 21, June 1964, pp. 21-24, printed.
Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, Department of Agricul-
ture and Fisheries for Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland.
"Grey seals and fisheries,"' by E. B. Worthington, ar-
ticle, Nature, vol, 203, no, 4941, July 11, 1964, pp.
116-118, printed, single copy 4s. (about 55 U.S. cents).
St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York
10} Ne Ye
SEA WEEDS:
Annual Report for 1963, 20 pp., printed. Institute of
Seaweed Hesearead Inveresk, Midlothian, Scotland.
Discusses developments in the Scottish and foreign
seaweed byproducts industry during 1963, and the
Institute's information and technical assistance serv-
ices, Also discusses production of alginates from
seaweed, use of seaweed meal in animal feedstuffs,
and development of fertilizers from seaweed. Includes
results of investigations on algal polysaccharides,
biochemical studies on seaweeds, nitrogenous con-
stituents of marine algae, and chemical composition
of marine micro-algae; and a list of publications on
seaweeds issued during 1963,
Cultivation of UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA (Harv.) Sur.
(Wakame), by Yunosuke Saito, Fisheries Propagation
152
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM,
Series No. 2, 40 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, Feb-
ruary 15, 1964. Japan Fisheries Resources Conser-
vation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho,
Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Seaweed Symposium, Proceedings, edited by Davy de
Virville a J. Feldmann, pp., illus., printed,
1964, $15. MacMillan Company, 60 Fifth Ave., New
York, N. Y. 10011, Proceedings of the fourth inter-
national seaweed symposium, held at Biarritz,
France, in September 1961.
SEROLOGY:
A Serological Approach to the Genus PSEUDOMONAS
“by G. Hobbs and others, Torry Memoir No. 166, 12
pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of
Applied Bacteriology, vol. 27, no. 1, April 1964, pp.
83-92.) Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd.,
Aberdeen, Scotland,
SHARKS:
Nuevos Tiburones para la Fauna del Peru (New Sharks
among the Fauna of Peru), by Norma ChirichignoF.,
Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica 19, 20 pp., illus.,
printed in Spanish, 1963. Servicio de Pesqueria,
Lima, Peru,
SHRIMP:
Clave para la Identificacion de los Camarones Marinos
de Rio con Importancia Economica en el Oriente
de Venezuela (Key to the Identification of Marine
and Fresh-Water Shrimp of Economic Importance
in Eastern Venezuela), by Pierre Davant, Cuadernos
Oceanograficos, vol. 1, 114 pp., illus., printed in
Spanish and English. Instituto Oceanografico, Uni-
versidad de Oriente, Apartado de Correos 94, Cu-
mana, Venezuela,
"Claves para identificacion de camarones peneidos
de interes comercial en el Ecuador" (Identification
key for commercial Ecuadorian Penaeid shrimp),
by Harold Loesch and Quinto Avila, article, Boletin
Cientifico y Tecnico, vol. 1, no. 2, May 1964, pp. 1-
29, illus., printed in Spanish and English, single copy
$1. Instituto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Casilla
5918, Guayaquil, Ecuador,
Investi Hons of the Erect of Vacuum and arbor Di-
oxide Packin on the Storage of Frozen Shrimp, by
O. Karsti am D. Hakvag, Fiskeridirektoratets Skri-
fter, Serie Teknologiske Undersokelser, vol. 4, no.
1, 1961, 10 pp., illus., printed in Norwegian with
English summary, Serie Teknologiske Undersokel-
ser, Director of Fisheries, Bergen, Norway.
"On the location of a nursery ground of the giant prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man),"' by K. Raman,
article, Current Science, vol, 33, no. 1, 1964, pp. 27-
28, illus.; printed. Current Science, Current Sci-
ence Association, Balgalore, India.
Objections to the Proposed Validation under Plenar
Saree of a Neotype for CANCER SETIFERUS L.
1767 (Crustacea, Peran da), by Gordon Gunter, 4 pp.,
printed, (Reprinted from Bulletin of Zoological No=
menclature, vol, 21, part 3, August 1964, pp. 339-
2.) International Commission on Zoological No-
menclature, c/o British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Rd., London SW7, England.
A Provisional List of Experts Concerned with the
Study of the Biology and Culture of Shrimps and.
Prawns, by H. Rosa, FAO Fisheries Biology Tech-
nical Paper No, 44, 11 pp., processed, 1964. Biol-
ogy Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agricul-
ture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle
Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
"Shrimp conditions - 1964,''by LyleS. St. Amant, arti-
cle, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 14, nos. 9 and
10, September-October 1964, pp. 16-17, illus., print-
ed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission,
Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New
Orleans, La. 70130. Summarizes the total shrimp
production for the first half of 1964 in the Louisiana
fishery, and production and conditions in the brown
and white shrimp fisheries. Total shrimp produc-
tion for 1964 is not expected to equal that of 1963 un-
less the white shrimp landings exceed those of last
year. Total production for the first half of 1964 was
about 12,2 million pounds as compared to 15.6 mil-
lion pounds for the same period in 1963.
SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT:
Long-Range Planning for Small Businesses, by Robert
Milroy and others, Management Research Summa-
ry, 2 pp., processed, 1964. Small Business Admini-
stration, Washington, D. C, 20416. Long-term plan-
ning involves (1) setting up objectives, and (2) linking
them to the present situation bya series of intermedi-
ate plans. A good way to reduce long-range plans
to concrete form is to project financial statements
for each year of the planning period, Those plans
should be reexamined in the light of actual results at
least once a year.
SMOKED FISH:
"Salting, preservation and processing of sea bass as
an intermediate step in the production of smoked
fish,"' by N. I, Sukrutov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo
vol. 1, 1962, pp, 78-81, illus., printéd in Russian, v.
Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Smoked Fish--Recommended Practice for Retailers,
Torry Advisory Note No. 14,5 pp., printed, 1963.
Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen,
Scotland.
SMOKING:
Being the Second International Session on Advances in
the Engineering of the Smoke Curing Process, Jour-
nal of Yugoslav Meat Industry Special Edition, 1962,
100 pp., printed. Yugoslav Institute of Meat Technol-
ogy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
"Influence of seven factors of electrostatic smoking
process on final quality of smoked products," by D,
J. Tilgner and Z, E, Sikorski, article, Fleischwirt-
schaft, vol. 15, no, 5, 1963, pp. 391-415, printed in
German, Die Fleischwirtschaft, Verlafshaus Spon-
holz GmbH, Kockstrasse 60-61, Berlin SW68, Ger-
many.
Intensification of the Smoke Curing Process, by D. J.
artme nimal 2
ilgner, Department o roducts Technology,
Politechnika Gdanska, Poland. Paper presented at
First International Congress of Food Science and
Technology, London, September 18-21, 1962,
December 1964
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 153
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
SNAIL:
"Immigrant snail is dinner delicacy," by Donald J.
Zinn, article, Maritimes, vol, 8, no, 3, Summer 1964,
pp. 15-16, illus., printed, Graduate School of Ocean-
Ography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I.
Discusses the periwinkle (Littorina litorea), the
common snail found abundantly along the New Eng-
land coast; its history as a human food, introduction
from its native European habitat, collection andstor-
age, and methods of cooking,
SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC:
Census of the Fishing Industry, 1960-61, South Africa
and South West Africa, Special Report No, 258, 34
pp., processed in Afrikaans and English, March 1963,
40 cents (about 56 U.S. cents). The Government Print-
er, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, Contains
the results of the first census of the South African
and South-West African fisheries, Covers the com-
mercial catching, landing, cleaning, salting, icing,
sun-drying, and disposal of fish, but excludes fac-
tory processing. Includes statistical tables on fish-
ing vessels by harbors; motor boats and trawlers
by fishing districts; employment in the fisheries by
districts; quantity and value of fish landed by dis-
tricts; disposal of the catch; revenue; expenditure;
assets; and capital expenditure,
Foreign Trade Regulations of the Republic of South Af-
Tica, OBR 64-52 5 pp., printed, August 1964, 15
cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U, S. De-
partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C, (For sale
by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Dis-
cusses South Africa's trade policy, import tariff,
special customs provision, shipping document, la-
beling and marking requirements, nontariff import
controls, export controls, United States' foreign
trade controls, and diplomatic representation be=-
tween the United States and that country, Also con-
tains a section covering sales and other internal
taxes,
SPAIN:
"Comentarios a la pesca espafiola de 1963--la pesca
de gran altura, principal factor del aumento pes-
quero" (Comments on the Spanish catch of 1963--
the high seas fishery, principal factor in the growth
of the fishing industry), article, Boletim de Informa-
cion, no, 69, June 1964, pp. 11-16, printed in Span-
ish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, Paseo del Pra-
do, 18-20, 69 Planta, Madrid, Spain,
Comercio A Consumo de Pesca (Fishery Trade and
‘onsumption), pp., illus., printed in Spanish,
100 ptas. (about US$1.65). Boletim de Informacion
del Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseo del
Prado, Madrid, Spain,
"Exportacion de pescados, crustaceos y moluscos"
(Exportation of fish, crustaceans, and mollusk), ar-
ticle, Informacion Conservera, vol. 12, no. 126, June
1964, pp, 236-238, printed in Spanish, single copy
30 ptas. (about 40 U.S. cents), Informacion Conser-
vera, Colon, 62, Valencia, Spain. A reprint of the
Resolution for General Direction of Foreign Com-
merce of June 10, for the regulation of export of
"Han entregado en 1963, ochenta buques pesqueros’”
(In 1963, 80 fishing vessels have been delivered), ar-
ticle, Industrias Pesqueras, vol, 38, nos, 889-890,
May 15, 1964, pp. 197, 199, illus., printed in Spanish,
Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo
Spain,
Investigacion Pesquera, vol, 25, January 1964, 161 pp.,
illus., printed in Spanish with English summaries,
Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Paseo Naci-
onal, s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain. Includes, among ,
others, articles on; ''Nombres vulgares y cientificos
de las principales especies comerciales de crusta~
ceos de Cadiz" (Common and scientific names of the
principal commercial species of crustaceans at
Cadiz), and "Biologia del atin, Thunnus thynnus (L.),
de la costa sudatlantica de Espana™ (Biology of the
tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., of the south Atlantic coast
of Spain), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda.
Investigacion Pesquera, vol, 26, May 1964, 205 pp.,
illus., printed in Spanish with English abstracts. In-
stituto de Investigaciones ‘Pesqueras, Paseo Nacional
s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain, Contains, among others,
these articles: ''Talla, peso y edad de los atunes,
Thunnus thynnus (L,), capturados por la almadraba
de Barbate (costa sudatlantica de Espana) en 1963 y
comparacion con el periodo 1956 a 1962" (Length,
weight, and age of the tuna, Thunnus thynnus, (L,) land-
ed by the tuna fishing fleet of Barbate--South Atlan-
tic coast of Spain--in 1963 and comparison with the
period 1956 to 1962), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda; '"Din-
amica de la pesqueria de sardina de castellon, datos
de 1961 y 1962"' (Dynamics of the sardine fishery of
Castellon, between 1961 and 1962), by M. G. Larran-
eta and P, Suau; and "Variacion estacional de la com-
posicion quimica, extraccion y caracteristicas del
agar-agar de algunas algas (genero Gelidium) de la
costa sudatlantica espanola'' (Seasonal variation in
the chemical composition, extraction, and character-
istics of agar-agar of some algae--genus Gelidium--
of the south Atlantic Spanish coast), by R, Establier,
"El nivel de produccion de las pesquerias en Espana"
(The level of production in the Spanish fisheries), by
V. Paz-Andrade, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol,
38, nos, 889-890, May 15, » Pp. 153-195. Tius.,
printed in Spanish, Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo
Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain,
SPINY LOBSTER:
"Une interessante experience de peche a la langouste
en Afrique du Sud" (An interesting experience in the
spiny lobster fishery of South Africa), article, La
Peche Maritime, vol, 43, no, 1036, July 1964, pp. 505-
507, illus., printed in French, single copy 12 F. (a-
bout US$2.45), Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Bou-
levard Haussmann, Paris, France,
SPITZBERGEN:
The Fishery Characteristics of the West spitgbergen
“Area, by T. 5. Berger, » | pp.,
ranslation No,
processed, 1964. (Translated from the Russian, Nau-
chno-Tekhnicheskii Biulletin, PINRO, No. 1, 1961, pp.
45-49.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agricul-
ture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
SPRAT:
The Biology and Fishery of the Sprat in the Northern
“Part of the Baltic, by f. T. Kazanova, Trans. N.S.19.
fish, crustaceans, and molluscs,
154
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No, 12
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
19 pp., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Rus-
sian, Commercial Fishery Investigations in the Bal-
tic, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 42, 1960, pp. 84-98.) Fish-
eries leshovatory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher-
ies and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
On the Long-Term Fluctuations in the Abundance of
the Baltic Sprat as Related to the Fluctuations inthe
Productivity of Plankton, by I. I. Nikolaev, Transla-
tion Series No. 241, 23 pp., printed, 1959. (Trans-
lated from the Russian, Trudy Vsesoiuznovo Nauch-
no-Issledovatelskovo Instituta Morskovo Rybnovo
Khoziaistva i Okeanografii (VNIRO), vol. 34, 1958,
pp. 133-153.) Biological Station, Fisheries Research
Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada.
The Sprat of the Black Sea, by N.E. Aslanova, Trans.
N.S. 10, 7 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Translated
from the Russian, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 8, 1954, pp. 87-
98.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England,
SQUID:
"The Newfoundland squid fishery in 1964," by V.M.
Hodder, article, Trade News, vol, 17, no, 1, July 1964,
pp. 16-18, illus., processed, Information and Con-
sumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa,
Canada, j
STANDARDS:
"Codex Alimentarius,'' by Nathan Koenig, article, For-
eign Agriculture, vol, 11, no, 38, September 21, 1964,
pp. 32 , illus., printed, single copy 20 cents. Foreign
Agricultural Service, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superinten-
dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C.20402.) The development of trading
areas throughout the world, improved transportation,
and new food technology have all accelerated the pace
of international trade in food, bringing about a new
urgency for the establishment of standards that would
facilitate world trade and also provide essential safe-
guards for protecting consumer health and insuring
fair practices, Under the leadership of two United
Nations groups--Food and Agriculture and World
Health--an international code of food standards known
as the Codex Alimentarius is being formulated. The
FAO Fisheries Division assumed leadership for pre-
paratory work in standards for fish and fishery pro-
ducts and last February convened a meeting of ex-
perts from 12 countries. The recommendations re-
sulting from the meeting were to be among those con-
sidered at an October 1964 meeting of the Codex Al-
imentarius Commission, ke
Final Report of the Committee of Experts on Interna-
\tional Standards for Fish and Fishery Products, 13 pp.,
processed, February 20, 1964, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme
di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Contains information on
a meeting of the committee held at FAO headquarters,
Rome, February 18-20, 1964, The membership con-
sisted of experts from 12 countries actively associ-
ated with international trade in fish and fishery pro-
ducts, The Committee carried out the following a-
genda items: recommendation of priorities among
fish and fishery products to be standardized; prepar-
ation of a code of principles for fish and fishery pro-
ducts; and preparation of a draft model standard, Al-
so included in the report are a list of participants
and observers; a list of canned, frozen, and cured
products given priority; a skeleton code of practice;
and a suggested model standard,
STERN TRAWLING:
"Stern trawling fashionable," article, Fisheries News-
letter, vol. 23, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 24-26, illus.,
printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary
Industry, Canberra, Australia. Discusses, with the
aid of diagrams, the operation of a stern trawler; the
introduction of this vessel into most fishing countries;
the differences between it and the conventional side
trawler; and details of construction. Economic ad-
vantages of the stern trawler are: it saves up tohalf
the time required by side trawlers to shoot and haul
their gear; it saves time by fishing through weather
which stops side trawlers; it saves wear, tear, and
fuel by cutting out non-productive maneuvering; and
it saves labor costs by controlling deck winches from
the bridge and by mechanizing the fish-cleaning and
gutting process.
Stern Trawling; a Record of the Stern Trawling Con-
ference at Grimsby, England in September, 1963,edi-
ted by George Ward, pp., printed, 1964. Fishing
News (Books), Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St.,
London EC4, England,
STORAGE:
Bulking, Shelving or Boxing? by J. J. Waterman, Torry
lvisory Note No, 15, pp., illus., printed, 1964,
Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen,
Scotland,
SUBMARINES FOR RESEARCH:
"Manned submersibles of the world," by John A, Pritz-
laff and Richard E, Munske, article, Undersea Tech-
nology, vol, 5, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 20-26, illus.,
printed, single copy $1. Compass Publications Inc.,
617 Lynn Bldg., 1111 N. 19th St., Arlington, Va. 22209.
Reviews the programs |under way and vehicles used
for exploring and occupying the ocean's depths. The
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, among other agen-
cies, has expressed a need for a 20-knot scientific
submersible, capable of operating at 1,000-foot depths
and remaining submerged up to 6 days ata time. Jn-
cluded are photos or drawings of 19 underwater ve-
hicles currently operating or in the planning stages.
Also included are specifications of the vehicles.
"Navios y métodos para los trabajos submarinos"(Ves-
sels and methods for submarine work), by G. Ortolan;
"Submarinos de aluminio" (Submarines of aluminum),
by Tomas de Galiana Mingot, articles, Puntal, vol. 11,
no. 123, June 1964, pp. 3-7, 9, 11, illus., printed in
Spanish, single copy 12 pesetas (about 20 U.S. cents).
Puntal, Apartado de Correos 316, Alicante, Spain.
SWEDEN:
"Vastkustfiskarnas pensionskassa haller arsmote med
2.600 medlemmar’ (Annual meeting of The Pension
Fund of West Coast Fishermen with 2,600 members),
article, Svenska Vastkustfiskaren, vol, 34, no, 15,
August 10,1964, pp. 300-301, printed in Swedish. Sven-
ska Vastkustfiskarnas Centralforbund, Ekonomiutskot-
tet Postbox 1014, Goteborg 4, Sweden.
SWITZERLAND:
"Unsere fischerei einst, jetzt und in zukunst" (Our fish-
eries--past, present, and future--Switzerland), by
December 1964
Fritz Funk, article, Schweizerische Fischerei-Zeit-
ung, vol, 72, no, 8, August 1964, pp. 246-248, illus.,
printed in German, Schweizerische Fischerei-Zeit-
ung, Anshelmstrasse 18, Bern, Switzerland, There
are about 500 commercial fishermen in Switzerland
today. They harvest a water surface area covering
135,000 hectares, consisting of lakes and streams.
They produce about 1,500 tons of commercially val-
uable fish each year. To this can be added the take
of about 120,000 male and female sport fishermen,
which can be estimated at 600 tons a year.
--Walter Stolting
TAIWAN:
Foreign Trade Regulations of Taiwan, by Dawn A,
Wachtel, OBR 64-89, 12 pp., printed, September
1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
(For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.)
Since Taiwan has few natural resources and cannot
yet produce heavy machinery and equipment, imports
of most industrial raw materials and capital goods
are encouraged, The report discusses Taiwan's im-
port tariff system, special customs provisions, in-
ternal taxes, shipping documents required, and la-
beling and marking requirements, Each also covers
import licensing, Taiwan's export controls, United
States foreign trade controls, and Government rep-
resentation between the two countries.
TECHNOLOGY:
Fishery Technology, vol, 1, no. 1, January 1964, 161
Pp., Si Beet Fishery Technology, P.B. No.
39, Chittoor Rd,, Ernakulam, India. The first issue
of a new periodical to be published every six months
by the Society of Fisheries Technologists (India).
Contains, among others, these articles: "“Impactof
technology on Indian fisheries," by N. K. Panikkar;
"Study of primary production and its importance in
an integrated fisheries research programme," by
R. Raghu Prasad; "Faecal indicator organisms in
frozen prawn product,’’ by A, Lekshmy and V. K.
Pillai; ‘'A rapid procedure for the approximation of
bacterial load in fishery products," by Cyriac Ma-
then and others; ''Studies on packaging of freshfish,"
by C, V. N. Rao and P, A. Perigrien; "Design of a
half ton dehydrator for fish,'' by M. Swaminath; ''Pre-
liminary experiments to evaluate the relative effi-
ciency of different natural baits in line fishing," by
R, Balasubramanyan; ''The four seam trawl nets op-
erated off Cochin--an analysis of the design aspects-- |
the integration of the various parts of trawl," by R.
S. Nair and N, A. George; '"'A note on proximate com-
position of tuna fish paste from Minicoy," by A. P.
Valsan and others; and "On the use of natural baits
for sea fishing in India,'"' by R. Balasubramanyan,
TIDES:
"Precision digital tide gauge," by Frank E. Snodgrass,
article, Science, vol, 146, no. 3641, October 9, 1964,
pp. 198-200, 205-208, illus., printed, single copy 35
cents, American Association for the Advancement of
Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington,
D, C, 20005,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
155
TILAPIA:
"Effectiveness of tilapia as live bait for skipjack tuna
fishing," by Richard S, Shomura, article, Transac-
tions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no,
3, 1964, pp. 291-294, printed. American Fisheries
Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C
20005.
"Bizahl, eigewicht und gelegeentwicklung in der gattung
wey (Egg number, egg weight and development
of the spawn in the genus Tilapia), by Hans M. Peters,
article, Internationale Revue ace Gesamten Hydro-
biologie, vol. "nor 4; » Pp. 547-576, printed in
German with English summary, Internationale Re-
vue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, Berlin, Germany.
TOXICITY:
"The effect of the environment on the toxicity of poi-
sons to fish,"' by R, Lloyd and D, W. M. Herbert, ar-
ticle, Journal of the Institution of Public Health En-
tution of Public Health Engineers, 118 Victoria St.,
Westminster, London SW1, England,
"Ostracitoxin: an ichthyotoxic stress secretion of the
boxfish, Ostracion lentiginosus,"' by Donald A. Thom-
son, article, Science, vol, 46, no, 3641, October 9,
1964, pp, 244-245, printed, single copy 35 cents, A-
merican Association for the Advancement of Science,
1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C.
20005,
"Seasonal variations of paralytic shellfish toxicity in
the California mussel, Mytilus californianus Conrad,
and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg),
along the Strait of Juan de Fuca and in Willapa Bay, :
by Arporna Sribhibhadh, article, Dissertation Ab-
stracts, vol, 24, no, 7, 1964, 3033, printed, Univer-
Sity Microfilms, University of Michigan, 313 N, Ist
St., Ann Arbor, Mich,
TRAWLING;:
Introduction to Trawling, by A. Hodson, 77 pp., illus.,
printed, 1964, Fishing News (Books), Ltd., Ludgate
House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England,
TRAWLS:
"Midwater trawls of one-boat types off Egersund," by
A. Von Brandt, article, Hansa, vol. 99, no. 13, 1962,
pp. 1383-1387, illus., printedinGerman. C. Schroed-
ter. und Co., 10 Stubbenhuk, Hamburg 11, Germany.
TROUT:
"Migration in Maine," by Paul J. Fournier, article,
Natural History, vol, 73, no, 8, October 1964, pp, 46-
49, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents, The Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History, Central Park W. at
79th St., New York, N. Y, 10024,
TUNA:
"Distribution of fishing effort and resulting tuna catches
from eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, by quarters of
the year, 1959-1962," by Franklin G. Alverson, ar-
ticle, Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission, vol, 8, no, 6, 1963, pp. 317-379, illus.,
printed. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission,
La Jolla, Calif.
156 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM,
"Exploring for tuna,'’ Science News Supplement (11-
1), Science News, vol. 11, no, 1, Fall 1964, 4 pp.,
illus., printed. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 150 Tremont
St., Boston, Mass, 02111,
"An increment technique for estimating growth par-
ameters of tropical tunas, as applied to yellowfin
tuna (Thunnus albacares),"’ by Enrique L, Diza, ar-
ticle, Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission, vol. 8, no, 7, 1963, pp. 381-416, illus.,
printed in Spanish and English. Inter-American
Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif,
Katsuo to Maguro (Skipjack and Tunas), 33 pp., illus.,
printed, ioe. Federation of Japan Tuna Fisher-
men's Cooperative Associations and the Japan Tuna
Fisheries Federation, 7-2, Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-
ku, Tokyo, Japan, Contains tuna fishery statistics
for the year 1962 including number and total tonnage
of licensed tuna vessels; tuna catch by vessels based
in Japan and in overseas bases, by species and by
months; historical data on the mothership-type tuna
fishery; export of canned and frozen tuna; utiliza-
tion of the catch; and yearly average prices paid for
different species,
Observations on the Commercial Potential of Tuna in
the Oceanic Northwest Atlantic by James L, quire,
Jr. and F, J. Mather, ili, 10 pp., printed, (Reprint-
ed from Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 15th
Annual Session, November, 1962, pp. 124-133.) Gulf
and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, The Marine Lab-
oratory, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla.
Report of the FAO Working Party for Rational Utili-
zation of Tuna Resources in the Atlantic Ocean;
First Session, Rome, 25-30 October, 1963, Fisher-
ies Report No. 13, 23 pp., processed, 1963. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
Review of the (Japanese) Tuna Fishery (Katsuo-Ma-
guro Soran), compiled by Shoichi Masuda, 844 pp.,
illus., printed in Japanese, March 1964, 2,100 yen
(about US$5,83) plus mailing charges. Suisansha,
8-banchi, Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Re-
views the historical development of the Japanese
tuna fishery and discusses in detail fishing gear and
methods; fishing grounds; fishing vessels and equip-
ment; processing methods; products; production,
scale, and areas of operation of the home-based,
mothership, overseas-based, and Atlantic tuna
fleets; and fishing labor force and wage conditions,
Also covers vessel loans and insurance; develop-
ment of the canned tuna, frozen tuna, and tuna sau-
sage industries; marketing and promotion of tuna
products; market trends; marketing and sales orga-
nizations and their structure; inspection system
and regulations; tuna fisheries policy before and
after World War II; and international tuna problems.
--Lory M. Nakatsu
"Some factors affecting the distribution and apparent
abundance of yellowfin and skipjack tuna in the east-
ern Pacific Ocean,'' by Gordon C, Broadhead and
Izadore Barrett, article, Bulletin of the Inter-Amer-
ican Tropical Tuna Commission, vol, 8, no. 8, 1964,
pp. 417-473, illus., printed in Spanish and English.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jol-
la, Calif.
Statistical Research Report on the Tuna Long-Line
Fisheries by Fishing ‘cue ril-september 1962,
pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Research Divi-
sion, Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, 2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Ja-
pan. Describes the tuna fishing grounds in the Pa-
cific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean, In-
cludes 6 figures (April-September) on distribution
of fishing effort by five-degree squares for the three
oceans; 24 figures on hooking rates of bluefin, alba-
core, big-eyed, and yellowfin tuna by months and o-
ceans by five-degree squares; and 66 pages of tables_
on fishing effort (numbers of sets and numbers of
hooks used) and fishing success (catch rate) of the
four species of tunas and the swordfishes, by five-
degree squares,
--Lorry M. Nakatsu
TUNA AND SARDINES:
"Coup d'oeil sur la péche au thon et A la sardine en
1964" (A look at the tuna and sardine fisheries in
1964), by L. Plouas; ''A Douarnenez--coup d'oeil sur
les perspectives des campagnes thoniere et sardin-
iére'’ (Douarnenez--a look at the prospects for the
tuna and sardine seasons); ''A Concarneau--on ne
pense pas que les stocks puissent gener 1'écoulement
du thon, mais la campagne sardiniére est mediocre"
(At Concarneau--one does not believe that the stocks
will cause restriction of the sale of tuna, but the sar-
dine season is mediocre); ''A Lorient--assez bonde-
but des campagnes sardiniere et thoniere” (At Lor-
ient--good enough beginning of the sardine and tuna
seasons); articles, La Peche Maritime, vol. 43, no.
1036, July 1964, pp. 499-504, printed in French, sin-
gle copy 12 F (about US$2.45). Les’ Editions Mari-
times, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France.
TUNA AND TUNALIKE:
"Northwest Atlantic tunas and bonitos,'' by S.N, Tibbo
and R.A, McKenzie, article, Trade News, vol. 17,
no, 2, August 1964, pp. 7-10, illus., processed, In-
formation and Consumer Service, Department of Fish-
eries, Ottawa, Canada, A new Canadian fishery was
started in 1963 when two fishermen from Campobel-
lo, N. B., began to fish the offshore stocks of tuna
and.bonito in the Northwest Atlantic. With two purse-
seiners, they caught 366 tons of bluefin and skipjack
between August 20 and the end of the season, This
article discusses the development of the Atlantic tuna
fishery and describes the 5 species of tuna (bluefin,
yellowfin, big-eyed, albacore, and blackfin) and the 3
species of bonito (skipjack, common bonito, and false
albacore) found in the Northwest Atlantic,
TURKEY:
Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. 12, no. 6,
une 1964, 35 pp., illus., printed in Turkish, Et ve
Balik Kurumu G, M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas,
Istanbul, Turkey. Contains, among others, articles
on: "The sponge (Part V);"" "Electrical depth tele-
meters which are used in fisheries especially for
midwater trawl;" "Abundance and distribution of eggs
and larvae of the anchovy in the Black Sea;"' and ''Ma-
rine products sold at the Istanbul fish market in 1963."
Vol. 26, No, 12
December 1964
Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. XIII, illus.,
printed in Turkish with English table of contents.
Et ve Balik Kurumu G. M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu,
Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes among others,
articles on; ''Territorial waters law, and ''The
sponges (Part VI),"' July 1964, no. 7, 35 pp.; ''Pro-
teins in fish muscle and the influence of canning on
the nutritive value of fish," and ''Use of fish oils in
the control of hypercholesteremia and obesity,"' Au-
gust 1964, no. 8, 35 pp.; ‘Light and bioluminescence
on living organisms (Part II),"' ''Synthetic filaments
as utilized in the manufacture of fishing nets and
ropes (Part I),"' ''The valuation of fish products in
animal feeding and variations of product manufac-
turing process (Part I),"' and "Observations of An-
cona International Fishery Fair and Italy fisheries
by technical point of views (Part II),'' September 1964,
no. 8, 35 pp.
UNDERWATER EXPLOSIVES:
Effects of Underwater Explosives on Aquatic Life, a
Bibliography and List of Experts, FAO Fisheries
Circular No, 2, 12 pp., processed, 1964. Fisheries
Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
Rome, Italy.
UNDERWATER OBSERVATIONS:
"A combined underwater camera and bottom grab:
A new tool for investigation of deep-sea benthos,"
by Robert James Menzies, Logan Smith, and K, O,
Emery, article, Internationale Revue der Gesamten
Hydrobiologie, vol. 48, no. 4, 1963, pp. 529-545,
printed. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hudro-
biologie, Berlin, Germany.
UNITED KINGDOM:
Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1963, 50
pp., printed, 1964, 5s. 6d. (about US$1.10), Depart-
ment of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Ed-
inburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales Section, Brit-
ish Information Services, 845 Third Ave,, New York,
N. Y. 10022.) Contains 27 statistical tables showing
quantity and value of fish landed in Scotland; quan-
tity and value of herring and white fish processed;
number of fishing vessels and fishermen; and num-
ber of vessels and fishermen and quantity and value
of fish landed in creeks.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT:
Report of the United States Government to the Food
er Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Toe -83- 100 pp., processed, July 1964. U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D, C, 20250,
A report prepared under auspices of the U. S. FAO
Interagency Committee in accord with Article XIof
the FAO Constitution. Relates the most significant
progress and developments during the period under
review in the fields of FAO's activities in regardto
the three basic objectives of FAO: (1) raising levels
of nutrition and living standards; (2) securing im-
provement in the efficiency of production and distri-
bution of food and agricultural products; and (3)
bettering the condition of rural populations. Also
outlined are the main problems still outstanding in
those fields. The report contains sections on nu-
trition and home economics, farming in the United
States, advances in agricultural research and tech-
nology, soil and water conservation, and marketing
farm products. It also covers rural living, forestry,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
157
information activities, international trade and assist-
ance, and multilateral international activities. A
section on fisheries discusses the scope of the United
States fishing industry, species and major fishing
areas, fishing vessels and gear, processing, imports
and exports, per capita consumption of fishery pro-
ducts, and marketing, Information is also included
on research developments in technology, exploratory
fishing, and biology and oceanography; subsidies,
loans, and mortgage insurance programs; the eight
international fishery commissions of which the U-
nited States is a member; and principal problems--
competition from other domestic protein foods, com-
petition from foreign products, safe habitat for fish-
ery resources, downward trend in catches of some
major species, and decisions of several countries to
increase their territorial fisheries jurisdiction,
U.S.S.R.:
Biological Fishery Research in Siberia, by B, G.Ilogan-
zen, JPRS To77S , 25 pp., processed, 1962. (Trans-
lated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 2,
no, 1 (22), pp. 3-17.) Office of Technical Services,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C,
20230,
Fauna and Flora of the Rivers, Lakes and Reservoirs
of the U.5.9.R., by V. I. Zhadin, OTS 63-11166, 626
pp., processed, 1963, Office of Technical Services,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C,
20230,
The Fishing Industry of the U.S.S.R., by H. Sakiura
and others, Overseas Series No. 4, 80 pp., printed
in Japanese, March 25, 1964, Japan Fisheries Re-
sources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sa-
kurakawa-cho, Shiba-Nishkubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo,
Japan,
Notes from Soviet Fisheries Journals, by Donald E,
Bevan and Ole A, Mathisen, Circular No. 296, 41 pp.,
illus., printed, 1964, Fisheries Research Institute,
College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Se-
attle, Wash,
The Postwar Expansion of Russia's Fishing Industry,
by Leon M, Herman, 59 pp., printed, Tse, Commit-
teé on Commerce, United States Senate, Washington,
D. C, (Available from the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D. C. 20402.)
"Rybnoe khozyaistvo estestvennykh vodoemov Voron-
ezhskoi oblasti v 1958-1960 (The fishing industry in
natural bodies of water of the voronezh Oblast! in
1958-1960),"" by A, V. Fedorov and E, V. Afonyush-
kina, article, Referativnii Zhurnal Biologiia, 1963,
20183, printed in Russian, emiia Nauk SSSR,
Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S,S.R.
VESSELS:
"Statki rybackie dla malych portow polskiego whbr-
zeza. Czesc II" (Fishing vessels for Poland's small
fishing harbours. Part II), by Bohdan Pradzynski, ar-
ticle, Budownictwo Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 8, August 1964,
pp. 271- , Ulus., printed in Polish. Wydawnictwa
Czasopism Technicznych NOT, Warsaw Czachkiego
3/5, Poland.
158
OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM.
Structural Research of Small Wooden Fishin, Ves-
sels, 29 pp., printed, 1964. Danish Wood Council,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
WEATHER CHARTS:
Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La.)
to Brownsville, Texas, 1964; 2 pp., processe 1964.
10 cents. Weather Bureau, U. S. Department of
Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Su-
perintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Print-
ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Shows sta-
tions displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and
hurricane warnings, explanations of warning dis-
plays, and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and
radiophone stations that broadcast weather fore-
casts and warnings.
WHALING:
"International Whaling Commission, Sixteenth Annual
Meeting," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The
Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 7, July 1964,
pp. 208-209, printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, San-
defjord, Norway.
"The world catch, 1963," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-
Tidende (Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no.
7, July 1964, pp. 194-207, illus., printed in Norwe-
gian and English. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandef-
jord, Norway. Contains world whaling catch statis -
tics for 1963, together with a discussion of landings
by areas and countries, presented to the 16th meet-
ing of the International Whaling Commission in June
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 12
1964. Included are tables on whaling in fields out-
side the Antarctic in 1963 and in Antarctic season
1962/63; whaling results for the various countries;
production of byproducts; Antarctic landings, 1951-
63; and other related data.
WHITING:
"On the biology of the whiting Gadus merlangus L. in
Manx waters,'' by A. K, Nagabhushanam, article,
illus., printed. Cambridge University Press, 200
Euston Rd., London NW1, England.
Regional and Annual Variations in the Growthof Whit-
ing DUS MERLANGUS Linne), by Lennart Han-
nerz, Series Biology, Report No. 14, 64 pp., print-
ed, 1964. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri, Lund, Sweden.
YUGOSLAVIA:
Basic Data on the Economy of Yugoslavia, by Arthur
J. Laemmerzahl, OBR 64-83, 16 pp., illus., printed,
July 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com-
merce, U. S. Department of Commerce; Washington,
D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,
U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.) Discusses the country's geography, popula-
tion and Government; economic structure; industrial
sectors; financial institutions; foreign trade; Gov-
ernment role in the economy; and economic outlook.
Also contains a section covering the labor force,
wages, and unemployment.
Japan has 3,000 culture farms which in 1963 produced 79 metric tons of
pearls for export, worth EA23 million (US$1.5 million). The United States,
Switzerland, West Germany, and Hong Kong are the principal buyers.
Fisheries Newsletter, June 1964.)
AUSTRALIAN PEARL-CULTURE INDUSTRY DEVELOPING
The Australian pearl-culture industry (started in 1956)is still develop~
ing. There are now 11 culture farms scattered across Northern Australia
from Exmouth Gulf to Torres Strait, in various stages of production, and
they employ 82 Japanese and 153 Australians.
Pearls are being cultured in the large Australian pearl oyster (Pinctada
maxima) which can produce a round pearl up to18 mm. in diameter in from
2 to 3 years--about half the time it takes inJapan where the culturing tech-
nique was perfected. The Japanese culture the small Akoya oyster (Pinctada
martensii) which produces a pearl up toll mm. in diameter in 4 to 7years.
Australian cultured pearls are sent to Japan where rounds are graded
and half rounds processed, then re-exported to world markets.
(Australian
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INDEX for 1964
Volume 26-
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR
ileawa he icieaee er DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C, BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR
CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER
A review of developments and news of the fishery industries
prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
Joseph Pileggi, Editor
G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors
Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209.
Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not
responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources.
Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely,
reference to the source is appreciated.
Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the
Budget, May 1, 1963.
5/31/68
An index of Volume 26, Numbers 1 through 12, issued in 1964. It is a subject index, with
an author index for only the feature articles in each monthly issue. Indexing of other mater-
ial is based on the principal subject with some cross-reference, The use of "' M
tries denotes the omission (repetition) of the major subject heading whichappears inALL CAPS.
in en-
Actions in Congress affecting or of interest to commercial fisheries are indexed only once
by subject under the general heading: "CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (First Session)," i.e.,
there is no cross-reference indexing of those entries.
Publications listed in the ''Recent Fishery Publications'' section have not been indexed,
Back issues of Volume 26, Numbers 1 through 12, are still available until the supply is
exhausted, Copies are available free upon request from the Fishery Market News Service, U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 No. Fort Myer Dr., Rm. 510, Arlington, Virginia 22209.
1964 Index
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1
INDEX TO VOLUME 26 (NUMBERS 1-12 INCLUSIVE)--1964
The reference gives the month and the page number
ABALONE
Australia developing industry; Dec. p. 82.
Australian exports increase; Oct. p. 51.
California growth studies and observations by
M/V "Nautilus" and M/V ''Mollusk"'; Nov. p. 23.
Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50.
ADEN
Fisheries development project; Oct. p. 50.
Gulf of Aden fisheries, international interest in;
Mar. p. 39.
Tuna fishery trends, Gulf of » 1963; Mar.
p. 39.
Vessel, new, for fisheries research; Feb. p. 66.
AFRICA
Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa
specialist meeting on crustaceans held in
Zanzibar; Apr. p. 40.
Japanese fishing firm granted license to fish with
purse seines off ; Dec. p. 98.
Japanese, new, stern trawler for waters;
Dec. p. 102,
Tuna, frozen, Japanese exports to Europe and
3; Apr. p. 59)
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT,
U.S.
Guinean trawling survey; Aug. p. 1.
Investment opportunities abstracts available at
Department of Commerce field offices; Aug. p. 33,
Liberia, freezing broadens market for fish in;
Jan. p. 62.
Somali delegation sponsored by
fishing industry; Jan. p. 68.
AIRPLANE SPOTTING
California pelagic fish population survey continued;
Feb. p. 12, Mar. p. 12, Apr. p. 12, Junepp. 11,
12, Sept. p. 14, Oct. pp. 16, 17, Dec. p. 29.
ALASKA
Area Redevelopment Administration:
cold-storage firm handling fishery products,
industrial loan to; May p. 78.
technical assistance project to aid earthquake
damaged areas in 5 INOW, sp. LiL.
Bait herring winter fishery begins near Ketchikan;
Mar. p. 8.
Barge facility, new, being built at Ketchikan; Aug.
Deas
Bering Sea:
Japanese long-line fishery moves nearer
Pribilof Islands; July p. 8.
Soviet flounder fishing activities; July p. 7.
Bottomfish ARA technical assistance project, in-
dustry potential to be studied under; May p. 78.
Bristol Bay:
area office moved to town of King Salmon; Jan.
p83
Japanese king crab fleet; July p. 7.
salmon, red, run forecast for 1964; May p. 12.
salmon, red, run in 1964 fails; Oct. p. 13.
Canned fishery products pack, 1963; June p. 9.
to study U.S.
ALASKA
Cargo rates, seasonal, denial of petition for re-
hearing on Alaska Steamship; Aug. p. 14.
Clam, butter, commercial digging feasible despite
earthquake; Sept. p. 12.
Commercial Fisheries Bureau Fisheries Loan
Program takes emergency actions in ; July
p. 8.
Crab:
Dungeness:
prices at Cordova drop; Nov. p. 17.
processed by firm; Sept. p. 11.
processing operations at Kodiak plant following
earthquake; Nov. p. 16.
processing started by Kodiak cold-storage plant;
Mar. p. 8.
reported plentiful off Cape Fairweather; Sept.
p. 12.
king:
conference, second, on technology and process-
ing announced; Mar. p. 9.
exploratory fishing plans completed; July p. 9.
heavy fishing rate shown on tagged shellfish;
Feb. p. 11.
Japanese fishing activity during June; Sept.
pa 2
Kodiak landings low; Dec. p. 24.
Kodiak processing operations; Nov. p. 16.
processors' plans; Aug. p. 12.
Soviet fishing activity during June; Sept. p. 10.
tag recoveries reduced by heavy winds; Mar.
p. 9.
supplies ample for processing plants at Shumagin
Islands and Peninsula areas; Nov. p. 17.
Disaster relief charter vessel loan regulations;
Aug. p. 95.
Earthquake:
commercial ata industry still operational in
spite of; July p.
damage to Raheny industry; June p. 8.
Japanese Fisheries Association contributes money
to victims of; June p. 48.
Office of Emergency Planning declares
major disaster area; July p. 87.
Ferry system, ARA authorizes study of the impact
of the new; Jan. p. 74.
Fisheries regulations, commercial, major changes
for 1964; Feb, p. 7.
Fishery explorations and gear research trawling
experiments yield heavy shrimp catches; May
p. 13.
Fishery loan, disaster, application filing extended
to Oct. 31, 1964, for; Nov. p. 17
Fishery products from » more, used in U.S,
in 1963; May p. 34.
Fish-meal fishery, Japanese activity off
during June in; Sept. p. 11.
Foreign fishing activity; Mar. p. 8, Apr. p. 9,
May p. 12, June p. 9, Aug. p. 10, Oct. p. 12,
Nov. p. 15, Dec. p. 22.
Fur seals:
prices for skins at fall 1964 auction; Dec. p. 40.
prices for skins at spring 1964 auction; Junep. 15.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
ALASKA (cont. )
Gulf of :
foreign fishing at seasonal activity; Feb. p. 10,
Mar. p. 8.
gear marking experiments by M/V "John R.
Manning"! in Kodiak Island vicinity; Dec. p. 23.
Japanese exploratory fishing activities; July p. 8,
Sept. p. 11.
Halibut:
landings at Ketchikan, first seasonal; July p. 8.
prices, ex-vessel, in Ketchikan rise in June;
Sept. p. 12.
quality evaluation of ex-vessel landings continued;
Sept. p. 24.
Herring:
bait fishing at Ketchikan in Jan. 1964; Apr. p. 9.
catch moderate in southeast ; Dec. p. 24.
growth and mortality rates analyzed; Apr. p. 10.
reduction during August 1964; Nov. p. 17.
roe-on-kelp harvest ends in April; July p. 8.
roe readied for shipment to Japan; Aug. p. 13.
Income tax reduction claims, Alaskans receive
time extension for; Aug. p. 97.
Japan buys salmon from ; Oct. p. 67.
Japanese fishing activity off in July 1964;
Oct. p. 12.
Japanese shrimp fishery off during June;
Sept. p. 10.
Juneau area, shrimp and crab processing started
by new corporation in; Mar. p. 8.
Karluk River, red salmon spawning verified for;
Feb. p. 11.
Kodiak Island area tagged king crab retains tag
over six years; June p. 9.
Landings, fishery, 1963; Apr. p. 9.
Loan funds received by firm from SBA in-
stead of ARA; Mar. p. 76.
Loans, fishery:
filing of applications for disaster ended Septem-
ber 30, 1964; Oct. p. 13.
Kodiak Interior Department emergency office
opened; June p. 63,
low interest rate type available to fishing
industry; Aug. p. 13,
Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher-
men; Nov. p. 58,
Rail-barge services expanding; Feb. p. 52, Mar.
p. 9.
Salmon;
eggs processed as red caviar for Japan; Oct. p.13.
harvest not jeopardized by earthquake damage;
June p. 8.
Japanese handling and processing aboard vessels
of fish purchased from ; Nov. p. 15.
Japanese purchases from ; Oct. p. 68.
Karluk Lake escapement through Aug. 1964; Nov.
p. 19
king fishing in 1964, Cook Inlet closed to; Feb.
p. 10.
landings, 1964; Dec. p. 63.
pack in 1964; Dec. p. 23.
pink;
egg deposition success varies in Sashin Creek;
Mar. p. 9.
egg survival rate considered good off southeast
coast; June p. 10.
Kodiak has excellent season; Nov, p. 16,
southeast coast, large concentration indicated
off; Sept. p. 12.
ALASKA
Salmon;
pink;
transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter;
Nov. p. 20.
workshop meets in Juneau; Apr. p. 9.
red;
smolt outmigration at Naknek Lake system; Nov.
p. 19.
Spawning population, large, discovered in Naknek
river; Feb. p. 11.
serological sampling at Copper River; Nov. p. 19.
southeastern » Purse-seine season opened
July 1, 1964in; Sept. p. 11.
waste utilization; Oct. p. 13.
Scallop exploratory fishing by M/V "Paragon";
Nov. p. 19,
Sealskins, proposals for processing, promoting,
and selling ; June p. 63,
Seismic exploration agreement completed; Julyp. 8.
Shrimp:
explorations off by M/V "Paragon"; Nov.
p. 17.
Japanese fishery north of Pribilof Islands; July
p. 8.
pots in vertical string fish better with black mesh;
Feb, p. 11,
Soviet vessels fish in Bering Sea; July p. 7.
Sitka,marine plants and animals in shallow coastal
waters near; May p. 12.
Small Business Administration loans to firms
in earthquake disaster area; Aug. p. 97.
Southeastern gear count for registered fish-
ing vessels; Aug. p. 13.
University of , fishery extension course spe-
cialist appointed fo faculty of; Feb. p. 10.
U.S.S.R.:
crab fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7.
fishing activity off in July 1964; Oct. p. 12.
fishing fleet off Yakutat; July p. 7.
Gulf of , trawlers return to; May p. 12.
Portlock Bank region, Soviets continue to fish in;
July p. 7.
trawl fishery off during June; Sept. p. 10.
Vessels, six, being built for fishermen;
June p. 9.
Washington- rail-barge service expanded;
Feb. p. 52.
Water transportation rates, Federal Maritime Com-
mission order stayed for lower; Sept. p. 104.
Whaling operations, Japanese, off during
June; Sept. p. 11. 8 OP
ALASKA FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR
RESEARCH
Chartered exploratory vessel "Paragon"! begins
activities; Aug. p. 14.
Charter of vessel ''Paragon" terminated; Dec. p. 24.
Crab, king;
tagging in Portlock Bank area; Sept. p. 13.
underwater television used for locating (M/V
"Paragon" cruise 64-1); Sept. p. 12.
Scallop explorations in Gulf of Alaska, 1963; Mar,
p. 1.
Shellfish cruise by chartered vessel ''Paragon"
started; Sept. p, 13.
Shrimp and scallop explorations by M/V ''Paragon"';
Oct. p. 13.
Shrimp explorations off Alaska (M/V "Paragon"
cruise 64-2); Nov, p. 17.
1964 Index
ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS
Crab tagging program as of Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 20.
Salmon:
chum spawning in Olsen Creek intertidal zone;
Nov. p. 20.
juveniles, studies on migrations of; Nov. p. 20.
ink:
Sects run, new, transported into Sashin Creek;
Dec. p. 24.
nursery areas discovered by M/V "Heron"; Oct.
p. 14.
Olson Creek run as of Aug, 1964; Nov. p. 20,
transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter;
Nov. p. 20.
sockeye or red fry availability low during summer;
Dec. p. 24.
ALASKA, GULF OF
Japan plans for more trawlers to fish in i
Dec. p. 100.
Scallop explorations in , 1963; Mar, p. 1.
U.S.S.R. fishing activities, Mar. 1964; May p. 76.
ALASKA STEAMSHIP COMPANY
Federal Maritime Commission order to to
reduce Alaska rates stayed by U.S. Court of
Appeals; Sept. p. 104,
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Bottomfish, Japanese long-line fleets plan to fish
south of western in fall 1964 for; May p.60.
Japanese study program for experimental long-
lining along western 3; May p. 60.
Japanese whaling fleet operating off
June; Sept. p, 11.
Salmon, North Pacific, migration study off the
western 7; Oct. pr cos
during
ALEWIFE
Lake Michigan seasonal distribution and abundance
studies; June p. 15, Aug. pp. 23, 25, Nov. p. 33,
Dec, p. 40.
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION
Law of the Sea Conference, Third International,
recommended by group; Dec. p. 39.
AMERICAN FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Fisheries problems discussed at annual meeting;
Mars p. 95 Nov. p. 21.
Recommendations made at meeting in New England;
Dec. p. 25.
AMERICAN SAMOA
Japanese fishing firm to charge handling fee for
deliveries to ; Aug. p. 14.
Japan External Trade Promotion Organization
assigns agent in 3.Dec. p: 103.
Tuna:
fleet as of Aug. 31, 1964; Dec. p. 25.
fleet based in dwindling; Nov. p. 21.
Japan:
base at
p. 58.
Government issues special permit to land Fiji
Islands tuna at ; May p. 13.
price negotiations with U.S. packers; July p. 57.
vessels based at in difficulty; Jan. p. 56.
prices, ex-vessel, in ; Aug. p. 14,
, fishery official's views on; July
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3
ANCHOVIES
California:
industrial fishery, hearings on experimental;
June p. 12.
industrial fishery, request denied for; July p. 9.
Chile:
fluctuations, sharp, in
Oct. pasa.
northern coast, anchoveta reappear off; Apr. p. 52.
Peruvian anchoveta catch, record, forecast in 1964;
Apr. p. 70.
South Africa Republic:
catches, remarkably good, made by fishing vessel;
Aug. p. 84,
fishery may develop rapidly; Nov. p. 110.
resources off coast explored; Sept. p. 92.
landings in 1964;
ANESTHETIC
Shellfish
p. 37.
may aid biological research; Aug.
ANGOLA
Cannery, fish, planned for
interests; Mar. p. 40,
Fisheries trends, Nov. 1963; Jan. p. 42,
Fish meal production and exports; May. p. 40, Oct.
p. 44.
Foreign trade in fishery products, 1962; Jan. p. 42.
by South African
Japan plans fish-freezing operations off ; Mar.
p. 61.
Landings, fishery, sharply lower first half of 1963;
Jan. p. 42.
ANIMAL FEED
Fishery byproducts in , observations and
views in Texas on use Of; Aug. p. 28,
International Atomic Energy Agency, radiation con-
trol of harmful organisms in food and Ge
commended by; Sept. p. 53.
ANTARCTIC
Norwegian sealing expedition to ; Sept. p. 88,
Whaling:
marine oil production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 sea-
son; Oct. p. 49,
outlook for 1963/64 season; Apr, p. 49.
Soviets propose conference for revision of
catch allocation; Nov. p, 72.
ANTIBIOTICS
Oysters treated with
quality; Sept. p. 81.
improved cultured pearl
ANTIDUMPING ACT
Public hearing held on
p. 91.
regulations; Feb,
AQUARIUM
National Fisheries Center:
architects selected to draw plans for 3; May
Ds 2s
design program being prepared for
p. 21.
dolphins, trained, will be featured at Washington,
Dic: SPADES 22.
plans, new, for approved; Dec. p. 48.
research facilities of to be extensive; July
p. 21.
variety of aquatic specimens to be donated to :
May p. 26.
; July
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
AQUATIC WEEDS
Carp, grass, from Malaysia to be used to fight
water vegetation;Dec. p. 26.
Manatees to control , use of; Oct. p. 107,
Dec. p. 106.
ARABIAN SEA
Fisheries development in
Mar. p. 37.
Trawling results of the R/V "Anton Bruun" in the
; Nov. Supplement p. 27.
proposed by FAO;
AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (also
see COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF)
Alaska:
bottomfish industry potential to be studied under
technical assistance project; May p. 78.
cold-storage firm handling fishery products,
industrial loan to; May p. 78.
ferry system, study authorized of the impact of
the new; Jan. p. 74.
firm to receive loan funds from SBA instead of
; Mar. p. 76.
technical assistance project to aid earthquake-
damaged areas; Nov. p. 117.
Lake Superior commercial fishing industry to be
aided by technical assistance project; May p. 78.
Maryland:
clam research project to be continued; Oct. p. 83.
pet food firm, industrial loan approved to;
July p. 81.
North Carolina, fisheries potential survey in; July
p. 81.
Puerto Rico tuna firm, industrial loan to; Oct. p. 82.
Rockland Harbor, Maine, technical assistance proj-
ect to study proposed deep-water port facility at;
Oct. p. 82.
Willapa Bay, Washington, oyster industry study
approved; Feb. p. 88.
Wisconsin fish meal and oil plant, industrial loan
to help establish new; Oct, p. 82.
ARGENTINA
Atlantic fishing grounds off
freezer-trawlers; May. p. 46.
Fisheries development plans; July p. 45.
Fisheries trends, 1963; July p. 45.
Fisheries trends in 1963 and 1964; Nov. p. 72.
Fish meal:
‘exports, Jan.-Nov. 1963; July p. 45.
production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 954.
production estimates revised; Feb. p. 66.
production, 1963; July p. 45.
Fish oil production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug.
p. 54.
Imports and exports of fishery products and by-
products, 1963; Nov. p. 73.
Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of;
Mar. p. 61.
Landings, fisheries, 1963; July p. 40.
worked by Italian
ARKANSAS
Rice-farm fish ponds, labor-saving gear tested in;
Aug. p. 21.
ASIA
Estuarine areas of , Aquatic Research Insti-
tute established at Stockton, Calif., to study; Feb.
p. 40.
1964 Index
ATLANTIC COAST
Salmon, pink, from Canadian Pacific transplanted
to ; Mar. p. 44.
Tuna migrations off
scientists; Mar. p. 45. __
studied by Canadian
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Bottomfish resources in
Japanese; Oct. p. 70. j
Equatorial , Institute of Marine Science re-
search vessel returns from investigations in; Sept.
p. 34.
Japanese firm plans trawling and fish meal opera-
tions in ; Jan, p. 59.
Japan's trawl fleet; July p. 63.
Netherlands! views on Northeast Atlantic and Euro-
pean fishery policies; Feb. p. 76.
Northeast Fisheries Commission, second
meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52.
Northwest 2
foreign fishing activities, Oct, 1964; Dec, p. 49.
Japanese experimental trawl operations; Oct. p. 70.
Polish trawling operations; Mar. p. 66.
Plankton studies give clues to Indian Ocean-
Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14.
Rumania extends fishing operations into western
and equatorial ; Mar. p. 67.
Swordfish to be fished by Japanese in Northwest
; Oct. p. 70.
Trawl fishery in , Japanese; Feb. p. 74, Nov.
p. 94.
Tropical , Gulf of Guinea investigations by
research vessel Geronimo" (cruise 4); Oct. p.31.
Tuna, albacore:
Japanese catch improving; Oct. p. 64.
Japanese fishery and market trends; Nov. p. 89,
Dec. p. 98.
Tuna: .
Japanese fishing trends; Aug. p. 70._
Japanese government to explore
p. 65.
Japanese views on the conservation proposals
advanced at FAO meeting on; Jan. p. 56.
mothership in , Japanese company applies
to operate; Jan. p. 55.
resources, working party meets in Rome on;
Jan. p. 38.
Tuna, swordfish, and marlin larval specimens
collected in the tropical ; Nov. p. 48.
U.S.S.R:
electronic fishing gear, conducts experiments in
with; July p. 76.
to be surveyed by
for; Oct.
fishing fleets in ; May p. 75.
Whaling:
Japanese establish operations in south ; Mar.
p. 62.
ATLANTIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS
Scientific Exploration of the Atlantic Shelf (SEAS),
Committee for the; Jan. p. 24.
ATLANTIC FISHERIES TECHNOLOGICAL CONFER-
ENCE
Meeting on Oct. 11-14, 1964; Oct. p. 14.
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Radiation preservation:
fishery products irradiator at Gloucester (Mass. );
Oct. p. 35, Dec. p. 57.
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (cont.) AUTHORS AND TITLES
Radiation preservation (cont.):
portable irradiator by planned for use
aboard M/V "Delaware™; Nov. p. 54.
AUSTRALIA
Abalone industry being developed; Dec. p. 82.
Consumption, per capita, of fishery products is up;
Sept. p. 58.
Exports, fishery, increase; Oct, p, 51,
Gear, fishing, Japanese take measures to stop
damage to ; Jan. p. 43.
Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of;
Mar, p. 61,
Landings, fishery, fiscal year 1962/63; Mar. p, 41,
Sept. p. 57.
Landings of fish, direct, by foreign vessels re-
stricted by ; July p. 46,
Licensing and import regulations affecting fisher-
ies; July p. 45,
Lobsters, spiny:
air shipment of anesthetized live ones considered
by exporters; May p. 46.
tagging project; July p. 46.
Oysters, standards proposed for; Nov. p. 79.
Pearl-culture industry developing; Dec. p. 158.
Pet food to the U. S., begins exporting; Nov,
Dentos
Ports, fishing, New South Wales plans chain of
safe; Oct. p. 51,
Salmon, canned, sold to
Scallop:
bed, new, shows promise; Oct, p. 50.
catch on new grounds off Victoria; Oct. p. 50.
exports, increase planned in; Nov, p. 76.
fishery expands; Nov. p. 77.
Tasmania, season extended in; Sept. p. 58.
Shrimp:
common names; June p, 36,
farming joint ventures with Japanese considered;
Nov. p. 76. ;
fishery good in 1964; Nov. p. 76,
imports, duty on; Sept. p. 57.
Trout:
farm planned in Tasmania; July p. 46.
rainbow eggs from help expand production
at Idaho fish farm; Oct, p. 38.
Tuna:
catch could top fish catch; Sept. p. 56,
facilities expanded to handle increased catch;
Novy. p. 75.
fishery has good season; Sept. p. 56,
fishery trends, 1963-64; June p. 36.
long-lining, modified, in inshore waters; Aug. p. 54.
long-lining survey; Apr. p. 50.
by Japan; June p. 44,
AUTHORS AND TITLES
ALVERSON, DAYTON L. (and Edward A. Schaefers):
Second World Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1.
AMBROSE, MARY E, (and Preston Smith, Jr. and
George M. Knobl, Jr.):
Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total
Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1.
BAKKALA, RICHARD:
Abernathy Spawning Channel Proves Effective
for Reproduction of Chum Salmon; Dec, p. 20.
BOUCHARD, LOYAL G,:
Overall View of Soviet Fisheries in 1963, with
Emphasis on Activities off United States Coasts;
Nov. Supplement, p, 15,
BROOKER, J. R.:
Weights and Measures Activities in the USDI
Fishery Products Standards and Inspection Pro-
grams; Oct, p. 8.
BUTLER, CHARLES:
Progress Report on the Development of Interna-
tional Food Standards, A; Sept. p. 1.
CARR, IRA A,:
Lake Erie Fisheries Explorations, May-November
1960; Apr. p. 1.
CASTAGNA, MICHAEL:
Design and Operation of a Tray Rack for the Study
of Oysters; Dec. p. 21.
DEADY, EMMETT F. (and Charles F, Lee and
George M, Knobl, Jr.):
Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part III -
Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position;
Jan, p. 1.
DOW, ROBERT L,:
Changes in Abundance of the Marine Worm, Gly-
cera dibranchiata, Associated with Seawater
Temperature Fluctuations; Aug. p. 7.
Supply, Sustained Yield, and Management of the
Maine Lobster Resource; Nov, Supplement, p, 19.
FLITTNER, GLENN A.:
Review of the Movement of Albacore Tuna Off the
Pacific Coast in 1963; Dec. p. 13.
ISAACSON, PETER A,:
Age Composition of the Commercial California
Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963; Nov, p. 12.
KNOBL, GEORGE M., JR. (and Charles F. Lee and
Emmett F., Deady):
Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II -
Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position;
Jan, p. 1.
(and Preston Smith, Jr. and Mary E, Ambrose):
Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total
Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1.
KRAVANJA, MILAN A,:
Soviet Far East Fisheries Expansion; Nov. Sup-
plement, p. 1.
LARKINS, HERBERT A.,:
Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament
and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II; Oct. p. 1.
LASSITER, ROY L., JR.:
Utilization of U. S. Otter-Trawl Shrimp Vessels
in the Gulf of Mexico, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1.
LEE, CHARLES F, (and F. Bruce Sanford):
Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South--
An Industry in Transition; Dec, p, 1.
(and George M, Knobl, Jr. and Emmett F.
Deady):
Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II -
Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position;
Jan, p. 1,
(and Max Patashnik, Harry L. Seagran, and
~¥F. Bruce Sanford):
Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of
Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1.
PATASHNIK, and Charles F. Lee, Harry L.
Seagran, and F, Bruce Sanford);
Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of
Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1.
PRUTER, A, Ta:
Trawling Results of the R/V "Anton Bruun" in the
Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea; Nov. Supplement.
p. 27.
RATHJEN, WARREN F, (and Joaquim B, Rivers):
Gulf of Alaska Scallop Explorations--1963; Mar. p. 1.
6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
AUTHORS AND TITLES (cont.)
RIVERS, JOAQUIM B. (and Warren F, Rathjen):
Gulf of Alaska Scallop Explorations--1963; Mar.
p. 1,
RONHOLT, LAEL L.:
Shrimp Explorations Off Vancouver Island
(British Columbia) by M/V "John N. Cobb,"
October-November 1962; June p. 1.
SANFORD, F. BRUCE (and Charles F. Lee):
Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South--
An Industry in Transition; Dec. p. 1.
(and Max Patashnik, Charles F. Lee, and
Harry L. Seagran):
Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking
of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1.
SCHAEFERS, EDW. . (and Dayton L, Alverson):
Second World Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1.
SEAGRAN, HARRY L., (and Max Patashnik, Charles
F, Lee, and F., Bruce Sanford):
Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking
of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1.
SMITH, PRESTON, JR. (and Mary E. Ambrose
and George M. Knobl, Jr.):
Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total
Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1.
WILLIAMS, FRANK:
Guinean Trawling Survey, The; Aug. p. 1.
BAIT
Alaska, salmon heads and tails used for halibut
SOctypeto.
Herring:
Alaska:
fishing for
p. 9.
winter fishery begins near Ketchikan; Mar. p. 8.
at Ketchikan in Jan. 1964; Apr.
BARBADOS
Shrimp fishery promising, outlook for; July p. 47.
BARNACLE
Rapid spread of investigated; July p. IV.
BATHYKYMOGRA PH
Fishing net speed and depth measured by 3
Feb. p. 32.
BAY OF BENGAL
Fisheries development in proposed by FAO;
Mar. p. 37.
Trawling results of the R/V “Anton Bruun" in the
; Nov. Supplement p. 27.
BEAUDETTE FOUNDATION FOR BIOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
Vessel, oceanographic, for 5; Apis ps Zils
BELGIUM
Tariff quotas on some fishery products granted
Belgium-Luxembourg Union by European Econom-
ic Community; Apr. p. 40.
Polish fisheries freezing and transshipment base
in Ostend; June pp, 55, 56,
Trout farm in Ireland operated by firm based in
Antwerp, 5 Ape. ps D9:
BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG
Import quota and duty for fresh and frozen cooked
crab and shrimp, Jan, 1, 1964-Mar. 31, 1965;
May p. 47.
1964 Index
BERING SEA
Bottomfish:
Japan:
catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100,
Eastern fishing fleets for 1964 season;
May p. 59.
mothership operations; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76,
Nov. p. 94.
motherships, six, departed in April for Eastern
fishing grounds; May p. 58.
vessel operations in eastern
for 1964; Apr. p. 61,
Crab, king, Japan issues licenses for two mother-
ships to operate in 1964 in eastern area;
May p. 59.
Eastern 8
halibut fishery:
discussed at special meeting of International
Pacific Halibut Commission; July p. 42.
Japanese long-line fishing abandoned; Sept. p, 11.
Japan establishes mothership bottomfish areas
for 1964 in; Mar. p. 58.
Soviet winter trawling fleets move into area in
mid-December; Mar. p. 8.
Fish meal:
Japanese firm plans operation in eastern 5
Mar. p. 60. ;
Japanese operations; June p. 48.
Foreign fishing activities; Feb. p. 10, Apr. p. 9,
Aug. pp. 10, 11.
Halibut, Japan licenses vessels for Triangle Area
of ; May p. 58.
Japan:
long-line fishery in
Islands; July p. 8.
shrimp factoryship also fishes for herring and
Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9.
stern trawling operations; May p. 60, Dec. p. 101,
vessel departures for; July p. 63.
Shrimp fishery in Eastern , Japanese mother-
ship; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76.
Trawler, stern, Japanese, completed for
operations; July p. 65.
U.S.S.R.:
fishing activities; May p. 76, June p. 9.
approved
moves nearer Pribilof
fishing fleets in ; May p. 75,
flounder activities in ; July p. 7.
BILLFISH
Research cruise by University of Miami vessel
"John Elliott Pillsbury" to study ; Sept. p. 28.
BLOODWORMS
Maine production of ; Aug. p. 7.
BOTTOMFISH .
Alaska industry potential to be studied under
ARA technical assistance project; May p. 78.
Atlantic Ocean:
Continental Shelf, new instrument effective aid in
studies of; Sept. p. 35.
explorations off South Carolina, Georgia, and
northern Florida continued; Aug. p. 38.
Bering Sea, eastern:
fishing areas set by Japan for 1964; Mar. p. 58.
Japanese catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100,
California:
growth studies of Dover sole and
in Monterey Bay; Feb. p. 12.
southern coastal waters, study in; Mar, p. 13.
conducted
1964 Index
BOTTOMFISH (cont.)
Ecuador, industry development; Sept. p. 66.
Gulf of Guinea fishing poor, Japanese report; June
p. 45,
Gulf of Mexico:
commercial catch sampling of
March 1964; July p. 18.
distribution and abundance of
Gulf; Mar, p. 20, July p. 18.7
life histories of central Gulf ; Mar. p. 20,
July p. 18.
Japan:
Atlantic resources to be surveyed; Oct. p. 70.
Bering Sea, Eastern:
fishing fleets for 1964 announced; May p. 59.
fishing grounds, six motherships departed in
April for; May p. 58.
mothership operations; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76,
Nov, p. 94.
vessel operations for 1964 approved; Apr, p. 61.
freezership departs for Las Palmas to process
; July p. 64,
long-line fishery planned off New Zealand; Mar.
p. 63.
New Zealand:
fishing off; May p. 60.
licensing of operations off; Nov. p. 95.
longer trip doubles catch for trawlers in waters
off; Nov. p. 95.
North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in;
Oct. p. 68.
Western Aleutian Islands in fall 1964, long-line
fleets plan to fish south of; May p. 60.
New England landings in 1963 and forecast for
1964; Feb. p. 36.
North Pacific survey off southern Washington by
M/V "John N, Cobb;" July p. 23.
, January-
in western
BOTULISM
Chub, smoked, status report on processing studies
by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries as result of
outbreak; Feb. p, 44.
Interagency Botulism Research Coordinating
Committee coordinates research on ; Sept.
p. 13.
Smoking, experimental, of chub to determine proper
processing method to prevent ; Nov. p. 1.
BOXING-FISH-AT-SEA
British trawler, tests on
Mar. p. 73.
carried out by;
BRAZIL
Lobster, spiny, landings and export trends; Feb,
p. 67.
Whaling:
Japanese-Brazilian joint enterprise to continue
operations; June p. 37,
Japan:
firms study consolidation of operations in #
Apr. p. 62,
operation in ; May p. 62,
operations off ; Oct. p. 52.
BREADED SEAFOOD
Fair Labor Standards Act, U. S, Court of Appeals
ruling upholds processor's overtime ex-
emption under; Nov. p. 119.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7
BRISTOL BAY
Alaska's area office moved to town of King
Salmon; Jan, p. 8.
Crab, king:
Japan:
factoryships begin early fishing season in FI
June p. 9.
fishing improves; Aug. p. 72.
fleet in outer ; July p. 7.
operations in ; Nov. p. 94,
Salmon, red, forecast of 1964 run in ; May p. 12.
BRITISH GUIANA
Shrimp industry trends for 1963 and outlook for
1964; Aug. p. 55,
BRITISH WEST INDIES
Barbados shrimp fishery promising, outlook for;
July p. 47.
BULGARIA
Fishery products, new Ethiopian-
in Ethiopia will handle; July p. 53.
Fishing fleet, plans for; Apr. p. 51,
High-seas fisheries development aided by Soviets;
Apr. p. 51.
company
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES (see COM-
MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF)
BUREAU OF CUSTOMS (see CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF)
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE (see
SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF)
CALIFORNIA
Abalone observations and growth studies (M/V
"Nautilus" and M/V 'Mollusk" cruises 64-N-5A
and 64-M-1A); Nov. p. 23.
Anchovies:
industrial fishery:
hearings on experimental; June p, 12.
request denied for; July p. 9.
Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton
to study estuarine areas of Asia and ; Feb.
p. 40.
Bottomfish:
Monterey Bay growth studies (M/V "Nautilus"
cruise 63-N-5a-b ); Feb. p. 12.
southern coastal waters study (M/V ''Alaska"
cruise 63-A-9); Mar, p. 13.
Bottom-trawling explorations off southern
(M/V "N. B. Scofield" cruise 64-S-1); June p. 10.
Crab, Dungeness:
abundance and condition surveyed prior to open
season (M/V "N, B. Scofield" cruise 63-S-7-
); Jan. p. 8.
survey in northern coastal waters (M/V "N. B.
Scofield" cruise 63-S-8); Mar. p. 13.
Earthquake, Del Norte County in declared
major disaster area by Office of Emergency Plan-
ning because of; July p. 87.
Fishermen's income, 1962; Feb, p. 11.
Hake, adult, distribution and abundance off southern
and northern Mexico studied by M/V "John
WN. Cobb;" June p. 21.
Hatchery fish losses attributed to food problem;
Dec. p. 30,
Larval fish biology conference, first, held in 5
Jan, p. 10.
8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
CALIFORNIA (cont.)
Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher-
men; Nov. p, 58,
Pelagic fish population survey continued:
(airplane spotting flights); Feb. p. 12, Mar, p, 12,
Apr. p. 12, June pp, 11, 12, Sept. p. 14, Oct. pp. 16,
17, Dee, p. 29.
(M/V "Alaska" cruises); Mar, p, 10, Oct. p. 15,
Novy. p,. 24, Dec, p, 28,
Petrale sole migration studies and tagging (M/V
"N, B. Scofield" cruise 64-S-4-bottomfish); Dec,
p. 26,
Sacramento River, antipollution dam will improve
fish runs in; Apr, p. 29.
Salmon:
cannery plant in Sacramento designated national
historic landmark, site of first Pacific Coast;
June p, 25,
king, growth and life history investigated (M/V
"Nautilus" cruise 63-N-2¢ through 2j); Apr. p. 12.
San Francisco Bay investigations continued (M/V
"Nautilus" cruise 63-N8i-k); Apr, p. 11, Nov. p. 21.
Sea Otter:
population determined by Department of Fish and
Game census; Aug, p. 15,
population survey (airplane spotting flights); Apr.
p. 12, May p, 13.
Shellfish, North Pacific, industry affected by recent
disasters; Oct. p. 37.
Shrimp:
distribution survey continued (M/V'"'N, B, Scofield"
cruises); Mar, p, 14, Oct, p, 18,
quota, commercial, off Crescent City-Eureka area
increased; Sept, p. 14.
resources off coast surveyed (M/V "Alaska"
cruise 64-A-T-Prawn); Apr. p, 10,
resources survey in northern waters (M/V
"Joseph Alioto" cruise 64-C-1-Shrimp); Oct.
p. 20,
Sole, English, growth studies in Monterey Bay
(M/V ''Nautilus'' cruises 64-N-la-b-c); Oct, p. 14,
Tuna:
albacore migration studies and tagging (M/V
"N, B, Scofield" cruise 64-S-3-Albacore); Nov,
p. 23,
bluefin;:
age composition of the commercial catch in
1968; Nov, p. 12.
age-growth studies of fish landed in ; Jan.
p. 31, Dec, p, 61,
landings to Oct, 17, 1964; Dec, p, 63,
Whale marking project off southern ; June p, 33,
CAMBODIA
Fisheries, commercial, production, 1960-1968;
July p. 47.
CAMEROON
Tuna vessels, Chinese, to train
July p. 48,
fishermen;
CAN(S)
Metal food container as the regulatory official sees
it; June pp, 88-89,
Sardine industry, Maine, new easy-open aluminum
developed for; Aug, p. 15,
Shipments for fishery products; Jan. p. 9, July pp.
9-10, Aug. p. 15, Sept. p. 14, Oct. p, 21, Nov. p. 25.
1964 Index
CANADA
Biological research highlights; Dec. p. 85,
"Bluenose''--Canada's most famous sailing vessel;
Oct, outside back cover,
British Columbia;
Federal-Provincial fisheries committee establish-
ed; Nov. p. 79.
salmon, canned, industry asks for tariff reduction
at 1964 GATT negotiations; July p, 48.
Cod population in Northwest Atlantic studied; Mar,
p. 43.
Denmark appoints new Fisheries Attache for U, 5,
and ; Noy, p. 838.
Electronic fishery research aids, new, developed;
Mar, p. 49.
Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee
meeting in Ottawa; Nov, p. 79,
Federal-Provincial conference on fisheries devel-
opment; Mar, p. 42.
Fillets, fish, improvement in texture studied;
Mar, p. 48,
Fisheries Council of research highlights and
results discussed at T9th annual meeting; Dec, p. 85,
Fisheries development program proposed; Jan, p. 44.
Fishery resources of Far North surveyed; Mar.
p. 47,
Fishing limits:
extension does not apply to U. 8. fishing vessels;
Oct. p. 52,
Fisheries Minister comments on 12-mile; May
p. 47.
Japanese-Canadian talks planned on; July p. 67.
Fish meal experimentally stored in 2,000-pound
containers; Mar, p. 50,
Fish-potato mixture, process for dehydrating de-
veloped; Jan, p. 46,
Fish processing equipment, trade mission explores
Latin American market for; May p, 47.
Fish protein concentrate, ways studied of producing;
Mar, p. 50,
Fresh-water fisheries, new committee formed for
development of; July p. 49.
Great Lakes commercial fishery landings, 1963;
Oct. p, 26.
Groundfish resources in North Pacific studied by
scientists; Mar. p, 46.
Halibut catch in Bering Sea Area 3B North Triangle,
March 28, 1964; May p. 43.
Herring:
British Columbia landings and products, 1963/64;
June p, 37.
seiners, Bay of Fundy sections reopened to; Dec,
p. 88,
Industry communication of research results, pro-
posals for; Dec, p, 88.
International Seaweed Symposium's fifth meeting to
be held August 25-28, 1965, in Halifax; May p. 44.
Japanese-Canadian, joint, fishery base proposed;
May p. 47, Aug. p. 72.
Japanese fisheries mission scheduled to visit U.S.
and ; June p, 48,
Landings, Commercial, 1962; Mar, p. 41,
Lobster industry in North Atlantic; Mar, p. 43,
Malaysian cold-storage facilities, contributions by
through Colombo Plan to help establish;
Feb. p. 76,
Ministerial conference with Japan convenes in
Tokyo Sept. 4, 1964; Oct. p. 72.
1964 Index
CANADA (cont,)
New Brunswick;
Fisheries Department established; June p, 37,
fisheries trends, 1963; June p, 37.
school of fisheries; June p, 37,
shore facilities; June p, 37.
Newfoundland:
fishermen, new shore facilities to benefit; Jan,
p. 45,
swordfish long-lining experiments successful;
Jan, p. 45.
North American Fisheries Conference of Commer -
cial Fishing Industries, participation by
scheduled for; Dec, p, 70,
Nova Scotia:
fishing banks, new chart of; Nov, p. 79,
fish processing plant, new, opens; Sept, p, 58,
swordfish landings in 1963 boosted by long-lining;
Jan, p. 44,
Oceanographic research vessel, new, commissioned
for ; Aug, p. 58,
Oceanography research highlights; Dec, p. 85,
Oils, marine:
exports, 1961-1963; Aug. p. 57.
foreign trade, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84,
imports, 1961-1963; Aug, p. 57.
industry trends, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84,
production, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84.
production, utilization, and foreign trade, 1961-
1963; Aug. p. 56.
use in margarine and shortening, 1961-1963; Aug,
p. 56,
Oyster, shucked, production in British Columbia,
1963; Apr. p. 52,
Pacific coast harbor seals, bounty payments dis-
continued by on; Sept. p. 59,
Processing plants, new fish, for Maritime Prov-
inces; Jan, p, 45,
Quebec's salmon and trout restocking program;
Dec, p, 88,
Refrigeration aboard vessels, developments in;
Mar, p. 48,
Research station, new, on Lake Huron; Aug, p. 58,
Salmon:
Atlantic fishery; Dec, p, 82,
canned;
pack in British Columbia lower in 1963; Jan,
p. 43.
pink market trends in , Japanese view on;
July p, 62,
East Coast escapement improved in 1963; Mar,
p. 45,
Gulf of Alaska studies; Mar, p. 46,
hatchery techniques, new; Apr, p, 39.
Pacific:
pink species transplanted to Atlantic coast;
Mar, p. 44,
study of intermingling of United States and Ca-
nadian; Mar, p, 37,
research in North Pacific and Bering Sea; Mar,
p. 22,
Strait of Georgia, tagging program in; Feb, p, 67,
tagging on Atlantic Coast; Aug. p. 55,
tagging program, cooperative United States- ;
Dec. p. 59.
tagging program in British Columbia for chinook
and silver; Aug, p. 55,
Scholarship awards, ten, in fisheries fields; Aug.
p. 58,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9
CANADA
Scientific research, Fisheries Minister emphasizes
need for; Mar, p, 43,
Seals:
harp and hood, protocol amendment of International
Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
ratified by ; May p, 43,
harp stocks decline; Mar, p. 45,
Smoked fish regulations, new; Apr, p, 51,
Smoking small fish, scientists develop new process
for; Mar, p, 49,
Spanish trawler convicted for violation of
territorial waters; Sept. p. 59.
Technological research highlights; Dec, p, 87,
Tuna;
canned in oil, Japanese export prices to
1964; Oct, p. 64,
canning, scientists devise new method to speed;
Mar, p. 49,
migrations off Atlantic Coast studied; Mar, p, 45,
New Brunswick fishermen to enter east coast fish~
ery for; Jan, p, 44,
New Brunswick industry; June p, 37.
Nova Scotia, new cannery planned for; Aug, p. 55,
Unloading fishing vessels, 'airlift'’ pump being de-
veloped for; Mar, p, 48.
,
U, S. imports of fishery products from , 1962;
Feb, p. 56,
U. S, exports of fishery products to , 1962,
trends in; Feb, p. 55.
Vancouver Island (British Columbia) explorations
by M/V "John N. Cobb,'' October-November 1962;
June p, 1.
Vessel, factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by
Newfoundland firm from Dutch shipyard; July p. 49.
Vessel, fishing, assistance regulations, changes
announced in; Aug. p. 51.
Vessel, new, for fisheries research planned; Sept.
p. 58,
CANARY ISLANDS
Fisheries development plan, 1964-1967; Mar, p, 68,
Polish fishing base planned in ; Apr. p. 71,
CANNED FISH
Defense Department purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar, p, 16,
Apr, p. 15, May p, 17, June p. 15, July p, 12, Aug.
p. 20, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec, p, 38.
Fair Labor Standards Act, overtime exemption for
may be applicable to products containing
more than 20 percent nonaquatic matter; Nov,
p. 119,
Japan's export target, fiscal year 1964; June p, 44,
Morocco's exports, June-Sept, 1962-63; Feb, p, 76,
Norway's exports; Feb, p, 78, July p, 70, Oct, p. 74,
Portugal:
exports; Feb, p. 80, June, p, 57,
pack; Feb, p. 81, June p. 57, Dec, p, 111,
Salmon, British Columbia, pack lower in 1963; Jan,
p. 43,
Sardine, Maine, stocks; Jan, p. 20, Mar. p, 22, July
p. 19, Sept. p. 27, Oct, p. 29.
United Kingdom marketing trends; Feb, p, 85,
Veterans Administration estimated requirements
from 1964 packs; Apr. p. 16,
CANNING
Canned foods, questions frequently asked about;
May p. 102,
10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
CANNING (cont.)
Crab, king, effects of certain pyrophosphates on
moisture retention in; Aug. p. 19.
Tuna , Canadians devise new method to speed;
Mar. p. 49.
CA PELIN
Norwegian fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p, 109.
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
Tuna:
Japanese:
base to be constructed on ; May p. 48.
firm signs agreement for joint venture in B
July p. 58.
report good landings at
African Coast; Oct. p. 66.
base off West
CARGO RATES
Alaska Steamship seasonal
for rehearing on; Aug. p. 14,
, denial of petition
CARIBBEAN SEA
FAO fisheries development project; Mayp. 41.
Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of;
Mar, p. 61.
Sea bottom of area under study; Jan, p. 28.
Trawling survey off Colombia by M/V "Oregon";
Sept. p. 22.
CAROLINE ISLANDS
Commercial fisheries project at Palau; Aug. p. 16,
Dec, p, 31. 5
Tuna fishing base, U.S., planned in Palau Islands;
Apr. p. 32, Oct. p. 21.
CARP
Grass from Malaysia to fight water vegeta-
tion in ponds; Dec. p. 26.
Hatching, artificial, of
Introduction of
June p. 87.
CATFISH
North American
p. 46.
"CAVIAR"
Danish fishery firm plans processing plant in
northern Germany; May p. 49.
CENSUS, BUREAU OF THE
Distributors! stocks of canned foods, survey of;
Jan. p. 74.
Economic census of commercial fishing industry
planned; Apr. p. 77.
Export classification, time extended for comments
on changes in; Sept. p. 100.
CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS
Earth's gravitation measured (M/V "Charles H.
Gilbert" cruise 73); Dec. p. 35.
International Indian Ocean Expedition, research
vessel ''Anton Bruun" participation in; Sept. p. 16,
Oceanography:
eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands studied (M/V
"Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 72); Aug. p. 18.
research vessel, new, completes successful maid-
en trip (M/V ''Townsend Cromwell" cruise 1);
May p. 13.
in Taiwan; Mar. p. 70.
, a difference in philosophy on;
are solicitous parents; Aug.
1964 Index
CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS
Oceanography:
trade wind zone studies continued; July p. 10, Aug. p.
17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27, Dec. p. 34.
water sampling studies in central Pacific ocean;
Aug. p. 35.
Pelagic fish population studies continued (M/V
"Charles H. Gilbert'' cruise 71--Part I and Part
II); June p. 12.
Plankton studies give clues to Indian Ocean-Atlantic
Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14.
Raft drifts and related marine biological observa-
tions (M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 71--Part
II); June p. 12.
Tuna:
behavior studies continued; Aug. p. 16, Dec. p. 36.
biological studies continued (M/V ''Charles H.
Gilbert" cruise 74); Dec. p. 35.
juveniles, midwater trawling for; Dec, p. 32.
skipjack blood-typing studies expanded; Nov, p. 26.
studies continued (M/V "Charles H, Gilbert"
cruises 69 and 70--Ahipalaha II); Feb. p. 13,
June p. 14,
Swimming behavior studied; Mar. p. 15, Nov. p. 25,
CEYLON
Dried fish purchased from Angola for first time;
Jan, p. 42,
Government fisheries corporation, proposed, may
lead to fisheries expansion; Nov. p. 80.
Trawler, fishing, Yugoslav-built, received; Dec. p. 89.
Tuna fishery, loan requested from Japan to start;
June p. 38.
Vessels, negotiations for purchase abroad of tuna
and trawling; Nov. p. 80.
CHANNELS
Sea carved out of bottom of ocean by gigantic
"rivers of mud''; Aug. p. 116.
CHAR
Canada's fishery resources of far north surveyed;
Mar. p. 47.
CHARTS
Canadian, new,
Nov. p. 79.
of Nova Scotia fishing banks;
CHESAPEAKE BAY
Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p. 17.
Crab, blue, industry of --an industry in tran-
sition; Dec. p. 1.
Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May
p. 34.
Maryland, ''fish-kill" controls established in; Aug.
p. 33.
Menhaden fleet, New Jersey, moves into more pro-
ductive area; Nov. p. 36,
Oysters, developments reported by scientists on
MSX disease of; Sept. p. 36.
Research conference points up problem areas; Apr.
p. 13. ’
Watermen of Chesapeake (motion picture); Jan. :
outside back cover.
CHESAPEAKE STATES
Landings, fisheries, 1962; Feb. p. 15.
CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE
Shrimp, frozen, futures trading on » new con-
tracts opened for; Apr. p. 30.
1964 Index
CHILE
Anchoveta reappear off northern ; Apr. p. 52.
Crab, king, venture, developments on; Sept. p. 60.
Fisheries Development Institute, sonar expert as-
signed to; June p, 38,
Fisheries trends, November 1963; Jan, p. 47.
Fish meal;
factory, new one at Iquique dedicated as joint
venture with South Africa; May p. 48.
factory, new, planned; Dec, p. 89.
industry trends; July p. 49, Oct. p. 53.
production and exports, January-May 1963-64;
Oct. p. 44,
Purse seiners for , Norwegian shipyard
building four; June p. 54,
Purse-seine vessels, two British-built, acquired
by company in ; June p, 61,
Tuna:
fleet to be expanded; Sept. p. 60.
industry expanding; Aug, p. 58.
Japan, joint enterprise with; May p. 48.
Whale meat sales agreement, Japanese Fisheries
Agency approves Chilean-Japanese; Nov. p. 97.
Whaling:
catcher vessels off , Japanese firm issued
licenses to operate two; Mar, p. 62.
regulations, new, on foreign permits as Japanese
whalers begin operations for Chilean firm; June.
p. 38.
CHINA, COMMUNIST
Aquatic products society founded; June p, 39.
Fisheries trends; Apr, p. 52.
Japan- fisheries agreement; Jan. p. 61.
Trawlers, large, purchase planned by of;
Sept. p. 60.
CHUB
Lake Michigan:
depth distribution studies of
species continued; Jan. p. [T.
seasonal distribution and abundance of
and associated
studied; June p. 15, Aug. p. 23, Nov. p. 33, Dec,
p. 40.
Smoked processing studies in Great Lakes
region, status report on; Feb, p. 44, Sept. p. 39.
Smoking, experimental, preliminary report on;
Nov. p. 1.
CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS, U.S.
Fishermen considered employees for tax purposes
by ; Jan, p. 79.
Fishermen considered independent contractors for
tax purposes by ; July p. 88,
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Oceanographers, Federal, educational require-
ments for; Nov. p, 116.
CLAM(S)
Alaska:
canned pack, 1963; June p. 9,
commercial digging for
earthquake; Sept. p. 12.
landings of for 1963; Apr. p. 9.
Anesthetic for shellfish tested on ; Aug. p. 37.
Maryland, ARA research project to be continued;
Oct. p. 83.
Method, new, for holding inlaboratory tanks;
Aug. p. 19.
feasible despite
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Lt
CLAM(S)
Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50,
Quahog research by University of Rhode Island;
Sept. p. 17.
Soft sanitation quality study in Middle Atlantic
area; Oct, p. 23.
Surf survey off Maryland and Virginia; Nov.
p. 41.
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, U.S. (see COM-
MERCE, DEPARTMENT OF)
COAST GUARD, U. S. (see TREASURY, DEPARTMENT
OF THE)
COD
Atlantic Ocean crossed by
Canada studies
lantic; Mar. p. °
Dried , Dominican Republic prices reduced
on; Mar. p. 53.
Norway:
fishery trends, March-April 1964; June p, 52.
Lofoten fishery disappointing in 1964; Aug. p. 81.
Populations of in Far North investigated by
Canada; Mar. p. 47.
SAproiperce
population in Northwest At-
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION
Food Hygiene Worldwide Expert Committee meets
in Washington; Dec, p. 76.
International food standards, a progress report on
the development of; Sept. p. 1.
Sanitary regulations in international traffic in
animals and animal products, need for; Dec. p, 74.
Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec, p, 75.
COD OIL
Mexico's import tariff reduced; Nov. p. 98.
COLOMBIA
Fisheries trends and potential; Nov. p. 81.
Shrimp vessel equipment sold to firm by
U. S. company; May p. 15.
Territorial waters at 200 miles bill passed by
House; Jan, p. 47.
Trawling survey off the Caribbean coast by M/V
"Oregon"; Sept. p. 22.
Vessels, fishing industry loses; June p, 39.
COLUMBIA RIVER
Marine fauna, deep-water, survey off mouth of
by M/V "John N. Cobb;" Jan. p. 23, Apr.
Delco:
Salmon;
migration patterns revealed by marking program;
Oct. p. 35,
returns encouraging; Dec. p. 36,
summer fishery postponed; Aug, p. 37.
COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF
Area Redevelopment Administration:
fisheries potential survey in Carteret County,
N. C.; July p. 81.
Washington, Willapa Bay oyster industry, study
approved of; Feb, p. 88,
Coast and Geodetic Survey:
Indian Ocean explorations by the research vessel
"Pioneer"; Mar, p. 23, Sept. p. 33.
Oceanography, exchange visits by United States
and Soviet oceanographers sponsored by R
Nov. p. 50,
12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF (cont.)
Coast and Geodetic Survey (cont.):
research vessel ''Oceanographer" launched; June
p. 23.
Irradiation preservation of food studied for com-
mercial implications; June p. 24,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF
Alaska:
disaster relief--charter vessel loan regulations;
Aug. p. 95.
fishery loan office, emergency, opened; June p. 63.
new vessels financed with replacement loans under
the Mortgage Insurance Program; June p. 9.
seismic exploration agreement with com -
pleted; July p. 8.
Atomic Energy Commission fishery products irra-
diator at Gloucester (Mass.) dedicated; Dec. p. 57.
Commercial Fisheries Research and Development
Act; Sept. p. 100, Dec. p. 118.
Composition and nutritive value of fishery products,
research program on; Mar, p. 23.
Fish block, frozen, standards for grades; Aug. p. 90,
Nov. p. 117.
Fisheries loan program takes emergency actions
in Alaska; July p. 8.
Fishery attaches, newly appointed, arrive at
posts; Mar. p. 77.
Fishery loans, Alaska disaster, application filing
extended to Oct. 31, 1964; Nov. p. 17.
Fishing Fleet Lnprovement Act, proposed regula-
tions announced for notice of hearing requirements
of construction subsidy assistance under; Dec.
p. 123.
Great Lakes:
aid under new fisheries law given; Oct. p, 25.
fishery failure due to resource disaster, deter-
mination by Secretary of Interior of; Dec. p. 117.
smoked fish processing studies, status report on;
Feb, p. 44.
Gulf of Guinea, research vessel ''Geronimo" makes
new discoveries in; July p. 24.
Inspection service fees for fishery products; Mar.
p. 76.
Ireland's fishing industry surveyed by scientists
of ; Sept. p. 69.
Irish-U. 8. cooperative fishery research project,
four specialists from the arrive in Ireland
to begin; Aug. p. 67.
Irradiator, fishery products, in Massachusetts
nears completion; Oct. p. 35,
Irradiator installed aboard M/V "Delaware" for
irradiation of fish at sea; Aug. p. 33.
Laboratory, biological, at Oxford, Md., dedicated;
Dec, p. 38.
Regional and area boundaries and offices; May
outside back cover,
Research vessels:
"Geronimo" participates in EQUALANT III in
Gulf of Guinea; Apr. p. 47.
"Townsend Cromwell'' completes successful maid-
en voyage; May p. 13.
Resource disaster funds, fishery, under Commer-
cial Fisheries Research and Development Act;
Oct. p. 85.
"Townsend Cromwell'' commissioned as new re-
search vessel; Mar. p, 32.
Tuna, bluefin, age-growth studies by M/V ''West
Point" of San Diego biological laboratory; Dec.
p. 61.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF
Vessel, "Delaware II" to be built as new exploratory
fishing research; Aug. p. 44,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT ACT
Great Lakes area fishery failure due to resource
disaster, Secretary of Interior determines; Dec.
p. 117.
Regulations under ; Sept. p. 100, Dec. p, 118.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Back issues available; Nov. p. 11.
COMMISSION FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN
AFRICA
Specialist meeting on crustaceans held in Zanzibar;
Apr. p. 40.
Trawling survey in Gulf of Guinea; Aug. p. 1.
CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE
Fisheries expansion in being considered; Dec,
p. 89.
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF
Fisheries production, fresh-water, drops sharply;
Feb. p. 68.
CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (First Session)
Fishermen's financial aid for economic dislocation;
Jan, p. 80, Apr. p. 79.
Indian fishing rights; Jan. p. 80.
Import commodity labeling; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 92.
International North Pacific fisheries problems; Jan,
p. 80.
Oceanographic world conference; Jan. p. 80.
Science and technology office for Congress; Jan. p. 80.
Shellfish industry problems; Feb. p. 92.
Small business disaster loans; Jan, p. 81.
Soviet traffic in U. S. territorial waters; Feb. p. 92.
State Department appropriations FY 1964; Jan, p. 81,
Feb. p. 92,
Tariff Schedules of U. S. of August 31, 1963, sug-
gested changes invited by House Committee on
Ways and Means on; Feb. p. 93.
Vessel collision liability; Jan, p. 81.
Water Pollution Control Administration; Jan. p. 81,
Aug. pp. 102-103, Oct. p. 89, Nov. p. 123.
Water Resources council; Jan, p. 81, Nov. p. 123.
CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (Second Session)
Adjournment of 88th Congress; Nov. p. 120.
Agricultural Department appropriations; Dec. p. 126.
Alaska:
Claims Commission; June p. 65.
fishery conservation in; Apr. p. 79.
disaster relief; May p. 79, June p, 65, July p. 88,
Aug. p. 98, Nov. p. 120.
earthquake damage; Nov. p. 120,
fur seals; Oct. p. 86.
Omnibus Act amendment; June p. 65, July pp. 88-89,
Aug. pp. 98-99, Sept. p. 104, Oct. pp. 86-87.
prices for fish in; Sept. p. 105,
Reconstruction Office; June p, 66,
salmon; Nov. pp. 120-121,
transportation rates; July p. 89.
Anadromous fish conservation; June p. 66, July p. 89,
Aug. p. 99, Sept. pp. 104-105, Oct. p. 87.
Antidumping Act amendments; May p. 80, June p. 66,
July p. 89, Aug. p. 99.
1964 Index
CONGRESS, EIGHT Y-EIGHTH (Second Session) (cont.)
Assembling of 89th Congress; Nov. p. 120.
Budget of the United States; Mar. p. 78.
California canning industry; June p. 66,
Chemical pesticides coordination; June p. 66, July
p. 89, Sept. p. 105, Oct. p. 87, Dec. p. 126.
Coast Guard appropriations; May p. 80.
Commercial fisheries fund; Apr. p. 79, June p. 66,
July p. 89, Aug. p. 99.
Commercial fishery resources survey; June p. 67,
Sept. p. 105, Nov. p. 121.
Commodity packaging and labeling; Mar. p. 78.
Conservation of marine fisheries resources; Jan,
p. 80, Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 79, May p. 80, June p.67,
July pp. 89, 90.
Consumer protection; Mar. p. 78, July p. 90.
Continental Shelf convention; June pp. 67, 68,
Continental Shelf lands; Oct. p. 87.
Cuban fishing activities in U. S. territorial waters;
Mar. p. 78.
Export control of fishery products; Sept. p. 105.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act;
Mar, p. 78, May p. 81, June p. 68, July p. 90.
Federal water resources research program; May
p. 80,
Fish and cannery workers! resolution on fisheries;
Aug. p. 99.
Fisheries legislation; June p. 68, Nov. p. 121.
Fisheries limits; June p, 68.
Fishermen's organization and collective bargaining;
Sept. p. 105,
Fishery resources; Mar, p. 79.
Fishing industry claims against the U.S,; Jan, p. 80.
Fishing industry problems; Sept. pp. 105, 106, Nov,
p. 121.
Fishing vessel protection; June p. 68.
Fish protein concentrate; Sept. p. 105, Dec, p. 126.
Food and fiber commission; Jan, p. 80.
Food-for-peace, and fish; Jan, p. 80, Feb. p. 92,
Mar. p. 79, Apr. pp. 79, 80, June pp. 68, 69, Oct.
p. 87, Nov. p. 121.
Food Marketing National Commission; May p, 80,
June p. 69, July p. 90, Aug. p. 99, Sept. p. 105,
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 amendment concern-
ing fisheries; Jan, p. 80.
Foreign fishing vessels off U. S. coasts; May p. 81.
Foreign vessels' processing of fishery products in
U. S. territorial waters banned; Sept. p. 106.
Great Lakes fisheries; July p. 91.
Halibut week; May p. 81, June p. 69,
Hawaiian Islands; Dec. p. 126.
Health, Education, and Welfare appropriations, FY
1965; May p. 81, Oct. pp. 87, 88, Nov. pp. 121, 122.
Import commodity labeling; Apr. p. 80.
Indian fishing rights; Apr. p. 80, May p, 81, June
p. 69, Sept. p. 106, Dec, p. 127.
Interim adjournment; Sept. p. 104,
Interior appropriations FY 1965; Apr. p. 80, May
p. 81, June p. 69, Aug. pp. 99, 100,
International Convention for the Northwest Atlan-
tic Fisheries; May p. 82, July p. 91, Aug. p, 101,
International food standards; July p. 91.
Law of the sea study; June p.69,
Maine fishing industry; Mar. p. 79.
Marine mammal protection; June p. 69.
Medical care for vessel owners; June p, 69, July
p. 91, Aug. p. 101, Sept. p. 106.
Medical care for vessel personnel; June p. 69.
National Oceanography Agency; July p. 91.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13
CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (Second Session)
Natural Resources Department; Nov. p. 122.
Navigable waters obstruction marking; Sept. p. 106.
North Pacific Fisheries Convention; Nov, p. 122,
North Pacific fisheries resources; July p. 91.
North Pacific fur seal convention; Jan. p. 80, Feb.
p. 92, Mar. p. 79,
Oceanographic Council; Sept, p. 106.
Oceanographic legal problems; July p. 91.
Oceanographic research program; Sept. p. 106.
Oceanographic research vessel inspection; Apr. p.80,
Sept. p. 106,
Oceanography; Mar. p. 79, Apr. p. 80, May p. 82,
Aug. p. 101,
Pacific Islands Trust Territory development; Apr.
p. 80, Sept, p. 107, Oct. p. 88,
Passamaquoddy tidal power project; Apr. p. 81, Sept.
p. 107, Nov. p. 122,
Pesticides; Apr. p. 81, Nov. p, 122.
Pesticides coordination; Aug, p. 101.
Pollution of sea by oil treaty amendments; Apr. p. 81.
Price-quality stabilization; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 92,
Mar, p. 79, Apr. p. 81.
Public Works appropriations, 1965; Oct. p. 88.
Radiation preservation of fish; Nov. p. 122.
Research programs; Apr, p. 81, June p. 69, July
p. 91.
Salmon canning; Nov, p. 122,
School-lunch program use of imported products; May
p. 82.
Science and technology office for Congress; Mar,
p. 79.
Small business disaster loans; Feb, p. 92, Mar. p.79.
Soviet fishing industry; Mar, p. 80.
State Department appropriations FY 1965; June p. 70,
July p. 91, Sept. p. 107, Oct. pp. 88, 89.
State regulation of Continental Shelf fisheries re-
sources; Aug, pp. 101, 102.
Supplemental appropriations:
FY 1964; July pp. 91, 92, Aug. p. 102.
FY 1965; Nov. pp. 122, 123,
Territorial waters of the U. S.; Aug. p. 102, Nov.
p. 123,
Trade agreements program; Nov, p. 123, Dec, p. 127,
Trade Expansion Act amendment; Aug. p. 102, Sept.
p. 107.
Trade negotiations; June p. 70, July p. 92,
Transportation Act of 1964; June p, 70.
Transportation amendments of 1963; Apr. p. 81,
Transportation amendments of 1964; Mar, p. 80, Apr.
p. 81, May p, 82, June p, 70.
U. S. fishing industry; July p. 92.
Vessel construction subsidy amendments; Mar, p.80,
May p. 83, June p. 70, Aug, p. 102, Sept. p. 107,
Oct. p. 89,
Vessel engaged in fisheries; Aug. p. 102, Sept. p.107.
Vessel measurement; June p, 70,
Vessels of the U. S., 1964; Oct. p. 89.
Water pollution; Oct. p. 89,
Water Pollution Control Administration; Mar, p. 80,
Apr. p. 81, June p, 70,
Water pollution control aid to industry; June p. 71.
Water Resources Council; May p. 83, June p, 71, Aug.
p. 103, Sept. p. 107, Oct. p. 89,
Whale conservation; Oct, p. 89.
CONTINENTAL SHELF
East Coast ocean-bottom studies on , new in-
strument effective aid in; Sept. p. 35.
14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
CONTINENTAL SHELF (cont.)
Japanese views on new U. S. law prohibiting fishing
in territorial waters by foreign vessels; Nov. p.91.
North Atlantic Ocean waters of surveyed by
M/V "Albatross IV"; Nov. p. 46.
CONVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND
CONTIGUOUS ZONE
Dominican Republic ratifies ; Nov. p. 70.
COOK ISLANDS
Tuna cannery, Japanese-supplied, plan rejected for;
Jan. p. 48.
COSTA RICA
Fisheries trends, third quarter 1964; Dec. p. 90.
Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963/64 season; Aug.
p. 60.
Tuna transshipment base in , Japanese plan;
Apr. p. 61.
Turtle, green, regulations; July p. 50.
COURT OF APPEALS, U. S.
Fair Labor Standards Act, ruling upholds breaded
seafood processor's overtime exemption under;
Noy. p. 119.
CRAB
Alaska:
processing of and shrimp started by new
corporation in Juneau area; Mar. Pp. 8.
supplies of ample for processing plants at
Shumagin Islands and Peninsula areas; Nov. p.17.
tagging program as of Aug. 1964; Nov. p.20.
Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for
fresh and frozen cooked and shrimp, Jan. 1,
1964-Mar,. 31, 1965; May p. 47.
Blue:
Chesapeake Bay and the South industry--an indus-
try in transition; Dec. p. 1.
Chesapeake Bay research program on to be
developed by Maryland and Virginia; Apr. p. 13.
industry mechanization, measures for strengthen-
ing the economic position with; Jan, p. l.
South Carolina abundance studies with experimen-
tal trawling, July-Dec. 1963; Feb. p. 49.
Canada finds in Far North; Mar. p. 47.
Dungeness:
Alaska:
canned pack, 1963; June p. 9.
catches reported good in Cape Fairweather area;
Sept. p. 12.
Kodiak firm processes ; Sept. p. 11.
Kodiak processing plant operations following
earthquake; Nov. p. 16.
landings up in 1963; Apr. p. 9.
prices at Cordova drop; Nov. p. 17.
processing of started by Kodiak cold-stor-
age plant; Mar. p. 8.
California:
abundance and condition surveyed prior to open
season; Jan. p. 8.
northern coastal waters survey; Mar. p. 13.
Edible ; June outside back cover.
Japanese coastal waters, new fishery developed in;
Sept. p. 76.
King:
Alaska;
canned pack, 1963; June p. 9.
CRAB
King:
Alaska:
exploratory fishing plans eomsleiee) July p. 9.
fishing rate heavy on tagged ; Feb. p. 11.
Kodiak processing operations; Nov. pp. 16, 17.
landings low at Kodiak; Dec. p. 24.
landings up in 1963; Apr. p. 9.
processors plan rebuilding; Aug. p. 12.
Soviet fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7.
tagged retains tag over six years; June p.9.
tagging in Portlock Bank area; Sept. p. 13.
tag recoveries reduced by heavy winds; Mar. p. 9.
Alaska, Gulf of:
Japanese fishing activity during June; Sept, p. 11.
Soviet fishing activity during June; Sept. p. 10.
Bristol Bay:
Japanese factoryships begin fishing season earli-
er than year ago; June p. 9.
canned:
Japanese pack from Bristol Bay, Okhotsk Sea, and
Olyutor Sea, 1956-1963; Aug. p. 72.
pyrophosphates, effects of certain, on moisture
retention; Aug. p. 19.
Chilean-Japanese proposed venture for , de-
velopments on; Sept. p. 60. ae
conference, second, on technology and processing
announced; Mar. p. 9.
Japan:
Bristol Bay, operations in; Aug. p.72, Nov. p.94.
canned exports, fiscal year 1963; Aug, p. 72.
Eastern Bering Sea, two motherships issued
licenses for 1964 operations in; May p. 59.
North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in;
Oct. p. 69.
tangle nets, polypropelene, to be used in fishery;
May p. 62.
Soviet-Japanese negotiations concluded; July p. 42.
television, underwater, used for locating
(M/V ''Paragon"' cruise 64-1); Sept. p. 12.
Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38.
Restraint of trade by fishermen's organiza-
tion in Washington State; Oct. p. 83.
CROAKER
Chesapeake Bay population discussed at research
conference by Maryland and Virginia; Apr. p. 13.
CROKER, RICHARD S.
Fishery attache arrives at Mexico City post;
Mar. p. 77.
CUBA
Cannery, fish, new, in » equipment built in
Estonia for; July p. 50.
Expanded fisheries in claimed result of Soviet
aid; Dec. p. 90.
Fish catch and fishing fleet expanded; Nov. p. 82.
Imports of fishery products from Japan, Jan.-Apr.
1964; Sept. p. 60.
Mexico inspects fishing vessels for hoof and
mouth disease; Jan. p. 64.
Tuna:
Japanese exporters seeking more trade with
and Spain; Sept. p. 72.
Japanese exports to increasing; July p. 57,
Sept. p. 72.
1964 Index
CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF
Groundfish fillets import tariff-rate quota for 1964;
Apr. p. 78.
Tuna, canned in brine, imports under quota proviso
for 1964; June p,. 64.
"Tuna with Vegetables,'' canned, imports dutiable
at 20 percent ad valorem; Mar. p. 77.
DAHOMEY
Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p.41.
DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF
Defense Subsistence Supply Centers:
canned fishery products purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar.
p. 16, Apr. p. 15, May p. 17, June p. 15, July
p. 12, Aug. p. 20, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec.
p. 38.
> fresh and frozen fishery product purchases; Jan.
p. 9, Mar, p. 16, Apr. p. 15, May p, 16, June p.14,
July p. 11, Aug. p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p.28,
Dec, p. 37.
DEMERSAL FISH
Arabian Sea catches by R/V ''Anton Bruun"; Nov.
Suppl, p. 27.
Bay of Bengal catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov.
Suppl. p. 27.
DENMARK
Peo paniah fishery cooperation, talks on; May
Delt.
Canned fish, fish used in 1963 for; Mar, p, 51,
"Caviar" processing plant in northern Germany
planned by Danish fishery firm; May p. 49.
Copenhagen fisheries trade fair; Apr. p. 57, Dec.
p. 91.
Developments, new, in the fisheries; July p. 51.
Exports, fishery, to the U. S., 1963; June p, 39,
Exports of fish and shellfish, 1963; Mar. p, 51,
Exports of fishery products; Apr. p. 55, July p. 51,
Sept. p. 62, Oct. p. 53,
Fillets (flatfish and cod), fish used in 1963 for; Mar,
p. 51.
Fisheries Attache, new, appointed for U. S, and Can-
ada; Nov. p. 83,
Fisheries Council, industry views presented at
annual meeting of; Mar. p. 51.
Fisheries developments, Apr, 1964; July p. 51.
Fisheries legislation revisions proposed; June p. 40.
Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 54.
Fisheries trends; Apr. pp. 53, 54, June p. 39, July
p. 51, Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 55.
Fishermen, number employed and average annual
gross income, 1963; Mar, p. 51.
Fishery cooperatives enjoy good year; June p. 40.
Fish fillet processing plant in the Faroe Islands,
Danish Government approves economic guarantee
for the construction of; May p. 49.
Fishing limits; Apr. p. 53, July p. 51,
Fishing limits of the Faroe Islands, Danish inspec-
tion vessels available to patrol; May p. 49,
Fish marketing in the U. S., promotion of; June p.40.
Fish meal production in 1963; Mar, p, 51,
Fish meal supply and distribution, 1962-1963; July
p. 52,
Fish oil production in 1963; Mar, p. 51,
Fish reduction industry, water purification and pro-
tein extraction process may be applied to; Aug.
p. 61,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15
DENMARK
Freezerships for fish, new trade agreement with So-
viet may include; Jan, p. 49,
Freezership-trawlers built for Soviet Union by ship-
yard in ; Oct. p. 56.
Frozen food outlets may triple; June p. 40.
Gear and nets for fishing, value of, 1963; Mar. p. 51,
Herring:
catch forecasts; Apr. p. 53,
marketing problems; Apr. p. 53.
Imports of fish and shellfish; Mar. p. 51, Sept. p.62.
Industrial fish landings, low, stimulate price in-
crease; June p. 40.
Industrial products supply and distribution, 1963;
July p. 52.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
annual 1964 meeting expected to consider new draft
convention; Aug. p. 52.
International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries harp and hood seal protocol ratified by
and France; Dec. p. 79.
Landings and fishing industry trends, 1963-1962;
Mar, p. 50,
Landings, fishery; Apr. p. 54, July p. 51, Sept. p. 61,
Oct. p. 55.
Marine oil:
foreign trade, 1962-1963; July p. 52,
supply situation, 1962-1963; July p. 52.
Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended by
3 Sept. p. 55,
Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June p.39.
Plaice, processing and distributing; July p. 51.
Polish-Danish fishery relations; Apr. p. 53.
Processed fishery products, first quarter 1964, pro-
duction of; Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 55,
Processing plant, fisheries, opened in West Germany
by Danish firm; Oct. p. 55.
Seaweed, artificial, may help protect shoreline; Oct.
p. 56.
Smoked fish, fish used in 1963 for; Mar, p, 51,
Soviet fishing gear, Danish fishermen protest care-
less disposal of; Apr. p. 57.
Soviet interference with Danish fishing operations
claimed; Apr. p. 74.
Soviets order three more freezer-trawlers from
Danish shipyards; May p, 76,
Tuna from Japan, contracts to import; Feb.
agtce
U. S. fishery attache program in ; Nov. p. 29.
U. S. market for fishery products; July p. 52.
Vessel(s), fishing:
freezer-trawlers, new series under construction in
for U.S.S.R.; Mar. p. 70.
stability regulations and recommendations; Apr,
p. 56,
structural research meeting planned on; Sept. p. 64,
value of; Mar. p. 51.
Western European Fisheries Convention, authority
sought for ratification of; Aug. p. 61.
Whiting, undersized, continued dispensation requested
on; July p. 51.
DOGFISH
Norway signs agreement with Great Britain on fish-
ing for and basking shark; Sept. p. 88, Dec,
p. 109,
DOLPHIN
Fishermen's catch and gear ravaged by ; May
p. 103,
16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
DOLPHIN (cont.)
Gulf of Mexico true known for speed and
fighting spirit; Sept. p. 9.
National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, trained
will be featured at; Apr. p. 22.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Canned mackerel (salmon style), canned tuna,
canned sardines, and dried cod, reduces
prices on; Mar. p. 53.
Explorations, fishery, preliminary, off by
M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29.
Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention
ratified by ; Oct. p. 49, Nov. p. 70.
DRYING
United Kingdom fish process cut to 30 hours
by new machine; July p. 80.
EARTHQUAKE
Alaska:
commercial fishing industry still operational in
spite of ; July p. 6.
damage to fishery industry by ; June p. 8
declared major disaster area by Office of Emer-
gency Planning; July p. 87.
fishery loan office, emergency, opened by Interior
as result of ; June p. 63.
seismic exploration agreement completed; July
p. 8.
California:
Del Norte County declaredmajor disaster area by
Office of Emergency Planning; July p. 87.
ECHO-SOUNDERS
Norwegian firm, improved
p. 82.
offered by; Aug.
ECONOMIC
Blue crab industry, measures for strengthening the
position of; Jan, p. 1.
ECUADOR
Bottomfish industry development; Sept. p. 66.
Lobsters, spiny, industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 66.
Manta fishing industry expanding; Jan. p. 49.
Shrimp:
industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 65.
producers hurt by lower prices in U. S. market;
Jan. p. 49.
Tuna industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 64.
Whaling, Japanese, operation in ; May p. 62.
EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS
Marketing of 1963; July p. 20, Oct. p. 29.
Marketing prospects, winter 1963/64; Jan, p. 20.
U.S. foreign trade in processed » Apr. 1964;
Aug. p. 43.
EGG(S)
Salmon, pink, deposition success varies in
Sashin Creek, Alaska; Mar. p. 9.
EGYPT
Food processing plants include fishery products,
plans for; Jan, p. 50.
1964 Index
ELECTRICAL FISHING
North Atlantic, television used to observe gear
in operation in (M/V''Delaware"' cruise 64=4); Sept.
p. 30.
Tests on
continued by M/V "Delaware"
p. 43.
; Nov.
ELECTRICAL TRAWLING
Shrimp evaluation continued by M/V ''George
M. Bowers"; Feb. p. 22, July p. 12.
EL SALVADOR
Fisheries to be aided by United Nations special fund;
Dec. p. 91.
EMERGENCY PLANNING, OFFICE OF
Alaska and a California county declared major dis-
aster areas by ; July p. 87.
EMPLOYMENT
Fishermen considered independent contractors for
tax purposes by United States Court of Appeals for
the Fifth Circuit; July p. 88.
Fishermen employees for tax purposes, U. S. Cir-
cuit Court of Appeals holds; Jan, p. 79.
EPIZOOTICS, INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF
Sanitary regulations in international traffic in ani-
mals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74.
EQUALANT II
Gulf of Guinea, research vessel ''Geronimo"' partici-
pates in in; Apr. p. 47.
ESTONIA
Cannery, fish, in Cuba, builds equipment for;
July p. 50.
ESTUARINE
Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton,
Calif., to study areas of California and Asia;
Feb, p. 40.
Gulf estuaries, ecology of western; Dec. p. 45.
ETHIOPIA
Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa
crustaceans specialist meeting attended by g
Apr, p. 40.
Fishery products, new, Bulgaria-
will build; July p. 53.
company in
EUROPE
Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission second
meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52.
Tuna, frozen, Japanese exports to
Apr. p. 59.
and Africa;
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
Denmark's exports of fishery products to , Jan.-
Sept. 1963; Apr. p. 56.
France establishes minimum price regulations for
herring imports from other countries; Dec.
> 936
Tariff | quotas on some fishery products granted to
certain member states; Apr. p. 40.
EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE
Fishing limit, modified 12-mile, at
Mar. p. 35, May p. 40.
in London;
1964 Index
- EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE (cont.)
Fishing limits, Scandinavian countries at in
London oppose proposal of; Apr. p. 41.
Meeting opens in London; Feb, p. 59.
EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION
Denmark's exports of fishery products to .
Jan.-Sept. 1963; Apr. p. 56.
Tariffs, industrial, reduced another 10 percent;
Mar, p. 35.
Tariffs, industrial,scheduled for further reduction;
Dec. p. 82,
Tariff reduction on certain fishery products; Apr.
p. 40.
EXPLORATORY FISHING
Research vessel, ''Delaware II," to be built for
; Aug. p. 44,
EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES
Sample Display Service, new, offers export develop-
ment opportunity; Nov. p. 28.
EXPORTS
Cod oil from U. S., Mexico reduces tariff on im-
ports of; Nov. p. 98.
Denmark imports fishery products from United
States, 1962-63 and early 1964; Sept. p. 62.
Edible fishery products; Jan. p. 34, May p, 35, Oct.
p. 41.
Fish oils:
trends; Feb. p. 31, Aug. p. 32, Nov. p. 36.
U.S. ; Jan, p. 18, Apr. p. 21, Sept. pp. 25, 26,
Oct. p. 28, Dec, p. 47.
world , 1963; Sept. p. 50.
Norway's canned fish , 1962-1963; June p. 53,
Philippine fishing industry development spurred by
change in Government import policy; Nov, p. 106.
Processed edible fishery products; Mar. p. 31, Apr.
p. 37, May p. 46, June p, 31, July p. 36, Aug. p.44,
Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 66.
Shrimp vessel equipment sold to Colombia firm by
U. S, company; May p. 15.
Value of U. S, fishery products
1963; Sept, p. 46.
up sharply in
EXPRESS RATES
Tariffs filed to increase charges for REA Express;
Feb. p. 51.
FAC TORYSHIP
U.S.S.R. starts construction on ninth ; Apr.
p. 73.
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT
Breaded seafood processor's overtime exemption
under , U. S, Circuit Court of Appeals ruling
upholds; Nov. p. 119.
FARM PONDS
Trout production in United States by
p. 40.
; Aug.
FAROE ISLANDS
Exports of fishery products, value of, 1962-1963;
May p. 50,
Exports of frozen fish to United Kingdom may be
subject to quota; May p. 49.
Fisheries trends, 1963; May p, 50.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17
FAROE ISLANDS
Fish fillet processing plant in the , Danish
Government approves economic guarantee for the
construction of; May p, 49,
Fishing limit, 12-mile, stirs reactions; May p. 49,
Fishing rights agreement signed between
and Greenland; Dec. p, 94.
Fishing rights in Greenland waters to be renegoti-
ated; Oct. p, 57.
Landings in United Kingdom may be subject to quota;
May p. 49.
Processed fishery products, 1962-1963; May p. 50.
Stocks of fish on hand, 1962-1963; May p. 50.
Vessel, fishing, fleet status; May p, 51.
FEDERAL AID
Fishery research and special studies; Dec. p. 39,
Funds apportioned to states for fish and wildlife,
fiscal year 1964; Apr. p. 14.
Pacific Northwest States receive
ies program; Sept. p. 18.
Sport fish and wildlife restoration funds for FY 1965;
Aug. p. 20.
for fisher-
FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION
Alaska water transportation rates, order stayed for
lower; Sept. p. 104,
FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS
Defense, Department of:
Defense Subsistence Supply Centers:
canned fish purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar. p. 16, Apr.
p. 15, May p. 17, June p, 15, July p. 12, Aug.
p. 20, Oct, p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 38.
fresh and frozen fishery products; Jan. p. 9, Mar.
p. 16, Apr. p. 14, May p. 16, June p. 14, July
p. 11, Aug. p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p. 28,
Dec. p. 37.
Veterans Administration estimated requirements of
canned fish from 1964 packs; Apr. p. 16.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
Crab fishermen's organization in Washington State,
bars restraint of trade by; Oct. p. 83.
Shrimp peeling machinery, bars discrimina-
tion in rentals and sales of; Aug. p. 88.
FLJI ISLANDS
Tuna:
Japanese base in , ex-vessel prices at; Dec.
p. 92,
Japanese base in , status of; Mar. p. 53.
Japanese-British base at , completion de-
layed of; July p. 59.
Japanese Government issues special permit to land
fish at American Samoa; May p. 13,
Japanese mothership sails for ; June p. 46,
FILLETING MACHINE
Yellow perch
now in operation in Great Lakes
region; Apr. p. 16.
FILLET(S)
Canadians study improvement in texture of 3
Mar, p. 48.
Groundfish from tariff modification, hearings
on exclusion of; Feb. p. 91.
Irradiated and fresh controls, comparative
tests made with; Jan, p. 19.
18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
FILLET(S) (cont. )
Ocean perch from tariff modification, hear-
ings on exclusion of; Feb. p. 91.
FILM(S)
Oceanography:
marine scientists, new
jay
U. S. Navy, new produced by; Feb. p. 16.
shows work of; Mar.
FINFISH
South Carolina studies, July-Sept.
p. 56.
1964; Nov.
FISH
Speed of ; May p. 39.
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (also see COMMER-
CIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; and INTERIOR,
DEPARTMENT OF THE)
Fish blocks, frozen, proposed revised standards
for grades of; Aug. p. 90.
Tuna, yellowfin, fishing regulations proposed for
Eastern Pacific, July p. 82.
Whaling regulations amended; Aug. p. 92.
FISH BLOCKS
Frozen , standards for grades of; Aug. p. 90,
Nov. p. Liv.
FISH BREEDING
Salmon and sturgeon, Soviet scientists develop new
species of; May p. 76.
Trout, rainbow, methods at Idaho fish farm;
Oct. p. 38.
FISH CULTURE
Sturgeon fry hatched artificially by Soviets with
new type equipment; Mar. p. 27.
Trout production in United States by commercial
farms; Aug. p. 40.
FISHERIES EXHIBITION
International planned for Scheveningen in the
Netherlands; Mar. p. 38.
International to be held at Trondheim (Norway)
in 1965; Oct. p. 75.
FISHERIES LABORATORY
Biological at Oxford, Md., dedicated by U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Dec. p. 38.
FISHERIES LOAN FUND (also see LOANS)
Alaska:
charter vessel loan regulations; Aug. p. 95.
disaster loans, filing of applications for; Oct.
p. 13, Nov. p. 17.
emergency actions taken by
p. 8.
loans, low interest rate, available to fishing in-
dustry; Aug. p. 13.
Vessels, fishing, and other financial aid for;
Feb. p. 52, June p. 29, Aug. p. 42, Nov. p. 61.
program; July
FISHERIES RESEARCH
Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton,
Calif,, to study estuarine areas of Asia and
California; Feb. p. 40.
1964 Index
FISHERIES RESEARCH
Canadian Fisheries Minister emphasizes need for
scientific 3; Mar. p. 43.
Electronic aids, new,developed in Canada;
Mar. p. 49.
FISHERMEN
California income, 1962; Feb. p. 11.
FISHERY AGREEMENT(S)
Japan-Communist ; Jan. p. 61,
FISHERY ATTACHE(S)
Newly appointed arrive at posts; Mar. p. 77.
FISHERY TECHNOLOGY
OECD holds meeting; Dec. p. 81,
FISH FARM(S)
Salmon » new, in Washington State established
by cooperative effort; May. p. 31.
Trout, rainbow, rearing methods at Idaho 5
Oct. p. 38.
FISH FARMING
Rice farm ponds, gear tested for harvesting fish
from; Jan. p. 10, Feb. p. 17, Aug. p. 21,
FISH FILLETS (see FILLETS)
FISH FLAKES
Canada develops process for dehydrating fish-potato
mixture; Jan. p. 46,
FISH HANDLING
Unloading fish, air pump for; Aug. p. 21.
FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT
Construction subsidy for fishing vessels, proposed
regulations on notice and hearing requirements of;
Dec. p. 123.
FISHING LIMITS
British-Norwegian discussions on ; Sept. p. 49.
Canada:
extended do not apply toU.S. fishing vessels;
Oct. p. 52.
proposed 12-mile , Fisheries Minister com-
ments on; May p. 47. __
Denmark:
extension of ; Apr. p. 53.
Nordic, joint, considered; June p. 39.
Western European Fisheries Convention ratifica-
tion and extension of by; Aug. p. 61.
European Fisheries Conference, access to fishing
grounds and extension of considered by;
Feb, p. 59.
European 12-mile » modified, accepted by 13
countries at European Fisheries Conference in
London; May p. 40.
Greenland:
Faroese Islands fishing rights in Greenland waters
to be renegotiated; Oct. p. 57.
12-mile modified to continue certain historic
fishing rights of other countries; Nov. p. 84.
Japanese-Canadian talks on planned; July
p. 67.
1964 Index
FISHING LIMITS (cont. )
Law of the Sea Conference, Third International,
recommended by American Bar Association Group;
Dec. p. 39.
Norway:
12-mile ,» modified, rejected; May p.70.
Scandinavian countries at European Fisheries Con-
ference in London oppose proposal of ; Apr.
p. 41.
12-mile » modified, proposed at European
Fisheries Conference in London; Mar. p. 35.
Tunisia detains Italian fishing vessels for violating
declared ; Jan, p. 70.
FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL
SUBSIDY
Authority to accept applications expired; Feb.
p. 53.
FISHING VESSEL MORTGAGE INSURANCE
Vessels, and other financial aid for, Oct. 1-
Dec. 31, 1963; Feb. p. 52.
FISH KILLS
Chesapeake Bay controls established; Aug.
p. 33.
Oregon , U.S. Public Health Service investi-
gates; July p. 29.
U.S. Public Health Service aids Louisiana in study
of ; Jan. p. 74, Sept. p. 18.
Water pollution, fish killed by,1963; Aug. p. 22.
FISH LARVAE
Larval fish biology, first conference held in Cali -
fornia on; Jan. p, 10.
FISH MARKET
Korea, Republic of:
dedicates new center at Pusan; Jan. p. 62,
FISH MEAL
Alaska, Gulf of, Japanese fishery during June;
Sept. p. 11.
Angola production and exports, Jan, -Dec. 1963;
May p. 40.
Animal and poultry nutrition, use of
highly regarded in; May p. 23.
Animal nutrition, views on use of
Dec, p. 47.
Argentina;
production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 54.
production and trends in 1963-64; Nov. p. 73.
production estimates revised; Feb. p. 66.
production 1963, and exports Jan. -Nov. 1963;
July p. 45.
Calcium and phosphorus in found entirely
available to chickens; Dec. p. 46.
Canada:
containers of 2, 000 pounds,
stored in; Mar. p. 50.
herring production, 1963/64; June p. 37.
Chile:
factory for manufacturing at Iquique dedi-
cated as joint venture with South Africa; May
. p. 48.
factory, new , planned; Dec. p. 89.
industry trends; July p. 49, Oct. p. 53.
Denmark's supply and distribution, 1962-1963; July
p. 52:
and oil
and oil in;
experimentally
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19
FISH MEAL
Exports and production for selected countries Jan, -
May 1963-1964; Oct. p. 44.
Exports by principal exporting countries, 1963; Aug.
De tue
German Federal Republic:
imports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 62.
supply and distribution, 1962-1963 and 1964
forecast; Aug. p. 62.
Great Lakes region, plant being built in; Apr. p. 16.
Greece to experiment in using as fish food;
July p. 54,
Iceland's production and exports, Jan.-Dec. 1963;
May p. 40.
Imports by principal importing countries, 1963;
Aug. p. 48.
Imports, U.S.; Jan. pp. 18,35, Feb. pp. 31, 32,54,
Mar. pp. 21,30, Apr. pp. 20, 21, 36, May p. 24,
Aug. pp. 29, 30,31, Sept. p, 25, Oct. p. 28,
Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48.
International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers:
conference, Peruvian, stresses quality; Jan. p.39.
fifth annual conference in Vienna; Oct. p. 45, Dec.
p. 69.
Ireland, factory for planned for east coast of;
Nov. p. 88.
Japan:
association organized; Nov. p. 96.
Atlantic, new firm plans trawling and oper-
ations in; Jan, p. 59.
Bering Sea, eastern,
Mar. p. 60.
Bering Sea production, 1964; Dec. p. 101.
Bering Sea, Operations in; June p. 48.
imports from Peru approved; Apr. p. 61.
imports from South Africa; July p. 67.
imports, Government allots funds for; Jan. p. 58.
mixed feed, and solubles used in, 1958-1963;
Sept. p. 80.
prices; Aug. p. 74.
Lipids, total, in , improved rapid method for
determining; July p. 1.
Maine, raw material for and other industrial
fishery products scarce in; Sept. p. 26.
Mexico's imports up sharply, Jan. -Sept. 1963; Jan.
p. 64.
Netherlands prices, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 79.
Norway:
bulk , studies on handling; Nov. p. 104.
herring quality control studies; Nov. p. 103.
herring uniformity, mixing equipment de-
signed to achieve; Nov, p. 104.
production and exports, Jan.-Dec, 1963; Mayp. 40.
Observations on use of in animal feed; June
Pails
Panama's production of
p. 68.
Peru:
exports:
agreement extended; Feb. p. 80.
by country of destination; June p. 54, Nov. p.105.
estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79.
forecast, 1964; Aug. p. 83.
Jan, -Mar. 1963-64; Oct. p. 76.
forecast, long-range, for industry; Feb.
p. 79.
industry trends; Jan. p. 67, June p. 54.
outlook for industry; Nov. p. 105.
production and exports; May p. 40, July p. 72,
Aug. p. 82.
operation planned in;
and oil in 1963; Apr.
20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
FISH MEAL (cont. )
Peru (cont. ):
supply situation; Nov. p. 105.
trends, Jan. -July 1964 and outlook in Sept. 1964;
Nov. p. 105.
Poland's production, 1963; Sept. p. 91.
Production and exports for selected countries; Mar.
p. 35, Apr. p. 42, May p. 40, Aug. p. 47, Sept.
p. 49, Oct. p. 44, Nov. p. 71, Dec. p. 69.
South Africa Republic:
association contracts to sell to Japan; Jan. p. 69.
export quota for 1964 increased; Mar. p. 67.
production and exports, Jan. -Dec. 1963; May
p. 40.
production for 1964 sold or committed; Sept. p. 93.
production, 1962-1963; Nov. p. 110.
Spain's production and imports, 1962/63 and fore-
cast 1963/64; May p. 73.
Supply indicators for principal exporting and im-
porting countries, 1963; Aug. p. 48
Trends in use of in Maine and Massachusetts;
Feb. p. 30.
Use of in Southern States, trend upward in;
Feb. p. 30.
Use of in Texas area; Jan, p. 18.
U.S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32,
Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July
p. 19, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25,
Oct. pp. 27, 28, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec.
pp. 47, 48.
U.S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31,
Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18,
July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p.35,
Dec. p. 47.
U. S. production, 1962-63; Apr. p. 20.
Wisconsin fish oil and plant, ARA industrial
loan to help establish new; Oct. p. 82.
World production; Feb. p. 59, June p, 36, Aug.
p. 47, Oct. p. 44, Nov. p. 71, Dec. p. 69.
World trade, 1958-1963; Oct. p. 44.
Yugoslavia opens new plant at Zadar and 4 other
new plants planned; Dec. p. 115.
FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS, INTERNATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF
Fifth annual conference; Dec. p. 69.
FISH MIGRATION
Flounder, blackback, studies aided by discovery
of distinctive group on Georges Bank; Oct. p. 30.
Patents awarded on new methods for tracking
Aug. p. 39.
FISH OIL (also see OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL)
Animal and poultry nutrition, use of fish meal and
highly regarded in; May p. 23.
Animal nutrition, views on use of fish meal and
in; Dec. p. 47.
Argentina's production and exports, 1962-1963;
Aug. p. 54.
Canada's herring production, 1963/64; June
p. 37.
Composition of studied by fractional distil-
lation and gas-liquid chromatography; Jan. p. 11.
Exports, U. S.; Jan. p.18, Feb. p. 31, Apr. p. 21, Aug.
p. 32, Sept. pp. 25, 26, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36,
Dec. p. 47.
Low-cost , today small fish used to make;
Nov. p. 14.
FISH OIL
Menhaden , uses for; Nov. p. 14.
Midwest and Atlantic coast producers! views on
market trends; Sept. p. 26.
Panama's production of and fish meal in 1963;
Apr. p. 68.
Peru:
exports; Oct. p. 76.
exports by country of destination, Jan. 1-May 15,
1964; Nov. p. 106.
exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79.
supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964
forecast; Aug. p. 83.
trends, Jan. -July 1964 and outlook in Sept. 1964;
Nov. p. 105.
Price trends; Sept. p. 26.
Uses for promoted at annual paint industries
show; Jan. p. 15.
U. S. foreign trade; Sept. p. 26.
U. S. industry outlook; Sept. p. 27.
U. S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. p. 31, Mar.
p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July p. 19,
Aug. pp. 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. pp. 27,
28, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48.
U. S. production and use; Sept. p. 26.
U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31,
‘Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18,
July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35,
Dec. p. 47.
U.S. production forecast for 1964; Nov. p. 37.
U.S. trends in supply, disposition, and prices,
1946-1964; Sept. p. 26.
World exports, 1963; Sept. p. 50.
World production, 1963; Oct. p. 46.
FISH PASSAGE
Flume, new fish behavorial, built in Pacific North-
west; Sept. p. 38. d
Salmon escapement aided by brief industrial plant
shutdown at Willamette Falls, Oregon; Oct. p. 33.
FISH PORTIONS
U.S. production, 1963; July p. 35.
U.S. production, quarterly data; Jan. p. 32, Apr.
p. 34, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 40.
FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE
Canadians study ways of producing ; Mar. p. 50.
FISH REDUCTION
German method, new, developments on;
Mar. p. 52.
FISH SAUSAGE :
Iceland produces first ; Nov. p. 88.
Japanese production; June p. 49, July p. 66.
FISH 'N SEAFOOD PARADE
Promotion in Oct. for ; Oct. p. 106.
FISH SOLUBLES (
Imports, U.S.; Jan. p. 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar.
p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29,
30, 31, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36,
Dec. pp. 47, 48.
Japanese use of fish meal and in mixed feeds,
1958-1963; Sept. p. 80.
1964 Index
FISH SOLUBLES (cont.)
U. S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32,
Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July p. 19,
Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. pp. 27,
28, 40, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48.
U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31,
Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18, July
p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec.
p. 47.
U, S, production, 1962-63; Apr. p. 20.
FISH STICKS
Norwegian firm to establish
ford, Mass.; Apr. p. 67.
U.S. production, 1963; July p. 35.
U. S, production, quarterly data; Jan. p. 32, Apr.
p. 34, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 40. =
plant in New Bed-
FISHY FLAVORS
Chemistry of volatile components in fishery products
studied by Gloucester Technological Laboratory;
May p. 17.
FISHY ODORS
Chemistry of volatile components in fishery prod-
ucts studied by Gloucester Technological Labora-
tory; May p. 17.
FLATFISH
Pacific, North, migrations of halibut and sole; Sept.
p. 19.
FLORIDA
Bottomfish explorations off northern
Aug. p. 38.
Marine laboratory building, new, planned at Univer-
sity of Miami; July p. 27.
continued;
Scallop distribution survey off ; Feb. p. 47.
Shrimp:
juvenile density and distribution in Florida Bay;
Dec. p. 43.
pink:
juvenile phase of the life history in Everglades;
Mar. p. 19, July p. 16.
migration study off
leased in; Dec. p. 60.
royal-red:
Florida east coast, fishing good in June off; Sept.
p. 39.
University of Miami receives new research grants
for studies in marine biology; July p. 26.
, seabed drifters re-
FLOUNDER
Bering Sea, Soviet
Poll
Blackback:
studies aided by discovery of distinctive group on
Georges Bank; Oct. p. 30.
tagging in North Atlantic; June p. 21.
tagging program off Massachusetts; Aug. p. 34.
fishing activities in; July
FOOD
Radiation and ; June p. 89, July p. 38.
World oceans can yield more ; Apr. p. 42.
FOOD ADDITIVES
Sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in smoked cured
sablefish, petition to Food and Drug Administra-
tion to use; Dec. p. 117.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
Antarctic fin-whale catch,
tary limits on; Jan. p. 41.
Business Decisions in Fishery Industries,
sponsors meeting on; Dec. p. 73.
Canadian fish catch, 1962; Mar. p. 41.
Caribbean fisheries development project; May p. 41.
Chilean Fisheries Development Institute, sonar ex-
pert assigned by to; June p. 38.
Codex Alimentarius Commission:
Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec. p. 75.
Worldwide Expert Committee on Food Hygiene
meets in Washington; Dec. p. 76.
Conference, Twelfth Session of the ; Feb. p. 61.
Director-General re-elected at November 1963 con-
ference; Mar. p. 36.
Dolphin and porpoise ravage fishermen's catch and
gear; May p. 103.
Fisheries development in Bay of Bengal, Arabian
Sea, and Persian Gulf proposed; Mar. p. 37.
Fisheries Division director appointed, new; Apr.
p. 44.
Fisheries Division director retires; Apr. p. 44.
Fresh fish, international symposium on how to keep;
Aug. p. 48.
Harvesting world's oceans, greater international
discipline urged in; Sept. p. 51.
Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council of
session; Dec. p. 73.
Indo-Pacific fisheries development seminar; July
p. 39.
International Atomic Energy Agency requests re-
search by on control of harmful organisms
in foods and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53.
International trade standards for fishery products,
experts seek worldwide; Apr. p. 44.
Japan's views on 43rd Council; Dec. p. 103,
Marine resources, Director-General urges
plans for exploration of; Apr. p. 43.
Marine Resources Research Advisory Committee
meets in Rome; Apr. p. 42.
Motors, outboard, increase fishing efficiency of
traditional craft in six countries under
Freedom From Hunger Campaign project; July
p. 40.
Members or associate members, new countries ad-
mitted as; Mar. p. 36.
Sanitary regulations in international traffic in ani-
mals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74.
South Korea, fishery training center to be built in;
Nov. p. 71.
Sweden helps Pakistan mechanize small fishing
craft under program; July p. 41.
Tuna:
Atlantic Ocean resource:
Japanese views on proposals advanced for con-
servation of; Jan. p. 56.
report considered by 43rd Session; Dec. p. 73.
working party meets in Rome; Jan. p. 38.
research meeting held in Rome; Sept. p. 50.
world catch, 1962; Mar, p. 36.
Vessel, small, structural research, Denmark plans
meeting on; Sept. p. 64.
Whaling outlook for 1963/64 Antarctic season; Apr.
p. 49.
World fish catch by species groups, 1962; Mar. p. 36.
World fisheries development role of ,43rd Ses-
sion sets up ad hoc committee to study; Dec. p. 73.
World fishery landings estimated by ; Dec. p.70,
appeals for volun-
holds 11th
22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (cont.)
World fish resources must be more wisely managed;
Apr. p. 43.
World Food Program, fishery products in the; Feb.
p. 60.
World oceans can yield more food; Apr. p. 42.
World trade in fishery products model standard
worked out by fisheries group; May p. 40.
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U, S.
Canned foods, questions frequently asked about;
metal food container as the regulatory official
sees it; June p. 88,
Food additives:
kelp regulation, new; July p. 81.
sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in smoked cured
sablefish; Dec. p. 117.
Irradiation, new food additive regulation concerning
packaging materials for foods preserved by; Oct.
p. 84.
Pure food and drug law, annual conference to high-
light understanding of; Dec. p. 117.
Shrimp, frozen raw breaded, standards of identity,
public hearing on; Feb, p. 88, Apr. p. 77.
Tuna, canned, standard of identity amended; Apr.
p. 77, June p. 62, Aug. p. 90.
FOOD HYGIENE
Codex Alimentarius Commission Worldwide Expert
Committee on meets in Washington; Dec.
p. 76.
FOREIGN FISHERY REPORTING
U. S. fishery attache program in foreign countries;
Nov. p. 29.
FOREIGN TRADE (also see EXPORTS; IMPORTS)
International trade:
standards for fishery products, experts seek world-
wide; Apr. p. 44.
U. S, Bureau of the Census export classification,
time extended for comments on; Sept. p. 100.
Exports of fishery products by country, 1962, U. S.,
trends in; Feb. p. 54.
Hong Kong's in fishery products, 1961 and
1962; Jan. p. 51.
Imports, fishery, by country, 1962, trends in U. S,;
Feb, p. 56.
Processed edible fishery products, U. S. in;
Jan. p. 34, Apr. p. 37, May p. 35, June p. 31, Aug
p.43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Dec. p. 66.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Fish oil composition studied by and gas-
liquid chromatography; Jan. p. 11.
FRANCE
Factoryships, fishery, shipyards receive orders
from South Korea for trawlers and from Soviets
for; Nov. p. 83.
Fish eggs supplied to
bec hatcheries; Dec. p,. 88.
Herring imports from other EEC countries subject
to minimum price regulations; Dec. p. 92.
Irish fishing company, new, Japanese and
interests to aid; Feb. p. 70.
by Canada from Que-
1964 Index
FRANCE
Seals, harp and hood, and Denmark ratify
International Convention for the Northwest At-
lantic Fisheries protocol concerning; Dec. p,79.
Trawling base in Ireland, joint Japanese-Irish-
French; Mar. p. 55.
Tuna:
canned exports, industry urged to increase; May
p. 51.
Moroccan-French joint fishing exploration planned;
Nov. p. 102.
Vessels, fishing, for Korea, Italian- French contract
modified to build; Apr. p. 62.
Vessel specifications of fishing fleet ordered from
by Republic of Korea; Dec. p. 105.
FRASER RIVER
Salmon, sockeye, losses investigated; June p. 24.
FREEZE-DRIED FISHERY PRODUCTS
Defense Department purchases; Oct. p. 25, Nov. p. 28,
Dec. p. 38.
Fish squares, freeze-dried, purchased by Defense
Department; Mar. p. 16.
FREEZING
Liquid nitrogen to freeze fish, studies of; Nov. p. 30.
Quick- , multi-immersion; Feb. p. 33.
Technical symposium on of fishery products;
Feb. p. 42. 1
FRENCH GUIANA
Shrimp:
Mexican vessels to fish for ; June p. 51,
U.S, firms in continue to expand; Jan.p. 50.
FRESH AND FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS
Defense Department purchases; Jan. p. 9, Mar.p. 16,
Apr. p. 14, May p. 16, June p. 14, July p. 11, Aug.
p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 37.
FRESH FISH
Food and Agriculture Organization, international
symposium on how to keep ; Aug. p. 48.
FRESH-WATER FISH
El Salvador commercial fishery for
p. 92.
; Dec.
FROZEN FISH
Japanese establsih national program to promote sale
of | ; July p. 65.
Shelf life of studied; Nov. p. 53.
Thawing unit for , new British; Mar. p. 73.
FULTON FISH MARKET
Relocation of New York City recommended;
Noy. p. 40.
FUNDY, BAY OF
Canada opens section of to herring seiners; )
Dec, p. 88, é
FUR SEAL(S)
Alaska:
prices for skins:
fall 1964 auction; Dec. p. 40.
spring 1964 auction; June p. 15.
1964 Index
FUR SEAL(S) (cont.)
Alaska (cont.):
skins, proposals for processing, promoting, and
selling; June p. 63,
Distribution and movements; June p, 61,
Interior, U. S. Department of, contract negotiations
for processing ; Sept. p. 20.
North Pacific Commission convenes in Mos-
cow for annual meeting; Apr. p. 48.
North Pacific Convention:
Japan ratifies Protocol amending interim conven-
tion on conservation of ; July p. 42,
Soviet Union ratifies Protocol amending interim
convention; June p, 35.
United States ratifies Protocol amending interim
convention; May p. 44.
Pribilof Islands skin harvest, 1964; Nov. p. 30,
Tagging techniques, modified, suggested to prevent
excess mortality; Aug. p. 22,
GAME FISH
Tagging program by Woods Hole Oceanographic In-
stitution, 1963 report on; Feb, p. 52.
GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Fish oil composition studied by fractional distilla-
tion and ; Jan. p. 11,
GATT (see GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS
AND TRADE)
GEAR
Alaska, southeastern, registered fishing vessels,
count for; Aug, p. 13.
Electrical trawling tests continued; June p.20.
Experiments in marking by M/V "John R,
Manning" in Kodiak Island vicinity; Dec. p. 23.
Float for fishing line patented; Oct. p. 28.
Gill net, monofilament and multifilament, compari-
son of salmon catches in; Oct. p. 1.
Harvesting fish from rice farm ponds, tested
for; Jan. p. 10, Aug. p. 21.
Japan's compensation law for loss of fishing
and catch revised; Oct. p. 71.
Labor-saving tested in rice-farm fish ponds;
Jan, p. 10, Aug. p. 21.
Long-line:
Japanese test new off West African Coast;
Feb, p. 73,
modified to catch tuna in Australian inshore
waters; Aug. p. 54.
swordfish vessel ''Chilmark Sword," fishing
methods and equipment of; Dec. p. 64.
Midwater trawl:
Pacific Coast hake fishery, tests successful in;
Aug. p. 23,
Sweden's experimental pair-trawling for large
herring shows promise; Jan, p. 69.
Ocean-bottom studies, new instrument effective aid
in; Sept. p. 35,
Purse seine-type net hauler, new, developed by
Greeks; Jan, p. 51,
Research on fishing as reported at World
Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1.
Sinkers, fishing, method of attaching; Feb. p. 33.
Soviet and U, S, delegations discuss fishing
conflicts in northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept.
p. 51.
Suction-pump fishing in Japan; May p. 65, Oct. p.73.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23
GEAR
Traps, slat, tested for harvesting fish ponds; Feb,
De ails
Trawling , deep-water, developed by Soviets;
Oct. p. 80.
Trawl(s):
"Cobb" pelagic type tested for effectiveness in
catching winter herring; Jan. p. 22.
drum-trawl fishing, new South African vessel
equipped for; Sept. p, 95,
electrical tests continued by M/V ''Delaware"';
Jan, p. 21.
pelagic type development program; Oct. p. 31.
shrimp electrical studies continued (M/V
“George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 13, Feb. p. 22, Apr.
p. 18, July p. 12,
shrimp gear fish-catching efficiency compared with
that of eastern otter-trawl (M/V "Commando"
cruise 11); Nov. p. 46.
United Kingdom's research by (Hull) Industrial
Development Unit; Aug. p. 87.
Unloading fishing vessels, '‘airlift'' pump being devel-
oped by Canadians for; Mar, p, 48.
World Fishing Gear Congress, second; May p. 1,
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
(GATT)
Hearings held on some fishery products preliminary
to 1964 negotiations; Feb, p. 89.
Twenty-first Session held at Geneva; May p. 41.
GEOPHYSICS
Earth's gravitation measured by M/V ''Charles H.
Gilbert"; Dec. p. 35.
GEORGE B, KELEZ
Salmon research in North Pacific Ocean and Bering
Sea; Mar. p, 22.
GEORGES BANK
Foreign fishing activities on , October 1964;
Dec, p. 49,
Haddock abundance on holding up despite heav-
ier fishing; July p. 23.
Northern edge of surveyed by M/V "Albatross
Iv" (cruise 64-6); July p. 23.
Scallops, sea, population survey on continued
by M/V "Albatross IV"; Dec, p. 51.
Whiting abundance on holding up despite heav-
ier fishing; July p. 23.
GEORGIA
Bottomfish explorations off continued; Aug.
p. 38.
Fishery explorations for commercial species off
‘continued by M/V "Silver Bay''; Mar. p. 25.
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Atlantic fisheries, fishing fleet planned by for;
Dec, p. 93,
Research vessel, fishery, participates in joint project
with U.S.S.R.; Jan. p. 73.
Soviets contract with for trawlers; Dec. p. 94.
Tunisian fisheries trade with ; June p. 58.
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC
"Caviar" plant planned for by Danish fishery
firm; May p. 49,
24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC (cont.)
European Economic Community, tariff quotas on
some fishery products granted to by; Apr.
p. 40.
Factoryships built by West German shipyard for
Soviets, specifications of; Feb. p. 84.
Fish-gutting machine, new, offered by firm;
Nov. p. 83.
Fish meal and marine oil industry trends, 1963;
Aug. p. 62.
Fish reduction method, new, developments on; Mar.
p. 53.
Marine oils foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 62.
Oceanographic research vessel, new, launched in
; Aug. p. 63.
Processing plant, fisheries, opened in
Danish firm; Oct. p. 55.
Promotional materials on fish planned by
under OECD; Oct. p. 48.
Research vessel, new, ‘Meteor II"; Feb. p. 68.
Research vessel ''Walther Herwig" commissioned;
July p. 53.
Submarine, one-man fiberglass, developed in :
Aug. p. 63.
edeapetis| oy)
GHANA
Fisheries trends, third quarter 1963; Feb, p. 68.
Fish processing plants, contract with Soviets signed
for building; Jan. p. 50.
Government control of two private fishing firms in
; Sept. p. 66.
Import duty on fish affects Japanese and Russian
trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar. p. 54.
Imports, fishery, placed under the control of state
corporations; Feb. p. 68.
Japanese fish exporters affected by duty imposed
by ; Jan. p. 58.
Japanese trawlers to be exported to ; May
p. 61.
Landings, fishery, up sharply in 1963; Aug. p. 64.
Norwegian fishing vessel construction for
and Morocco; June p. 52.
Outlook and plans for fishing industry expansion;
Aug. p. 63.
Purse-seine vessels, two, returned by to
Britain have been acquired by Chilean company;
June p. 61.
Soviet Union, fisheries agreement signed with; Mar.
p. 54,
Technical fisheries assistance by Soviets; Nov. p. 84.
Technical fishery service agreement made With
Japan; Oct. p. 57.
Trawler, large, built by Japan for ; Dec, p.94.
Trawlers, deep-sea, domestic and foreign, fishing
out of ports; Jan, p. 50.
Trawler, stern, first Norwegian built, launched;
Aug. p. 65.
Tuna purse seine fleet to be operated off coast of
West Africa by Japanese firm; Aug. p. 70.
GILL NETS
Salmon:
catches in monofilament and multifilament >
comparison of; Oct. p. 1, Dec. p. 68.
Japanese North Pacific fishery uses monofilament
; May p. 61.
1964 Index
GRANTS
National Science Foundation awards to
Mississippi State Gulf Coast Research Laboratory;
Aug. p. 34,
GREAT BEAR LAKE
Canees fishery resources of surveyed; Mar.
p. 47.
GREAT LAKES
Chub, preliminary report on experimental smoking
of; Nov. p. 1.
Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act:
aid under new fisheries law extended to
area; Oct. p. 25.
fishery failure due to resource disaster in
area, determination by Secretary of Interior of;
Dec, p. 117.
Fishery firms, assistance for economic injury
suffered by; Apr. p. 78.
Fish meal plant being builtin region; Apr. p.16.
Lake Erie:
fisheries explorations, May-Nov. 1960; Apr. p. 1.
yellow perch landings down sharply in 1964; Nov.
. p. 33,
Lake Huron, Great Lakes Institute of the University
of Toronto establishes new research station on;
Aug. p. 58.
Lake Michigan:
alewife and chub stocks, seasonal distribution and
abundance studies of; June p. 15, Dec. p. 40.
yellow perch, seasonal distribution and abundance
studies of; Dec. p. 40.
Lake trout hatchery and planting program in 8
Apr. p. 17.
Landings, fisheries; Feb. p. 17, Oct. p. 25.
Midwest Federated Fisheries Council organized;
May p. 17.
Smoked fish processing studies, status report on;
Feb, p. 44, Sept. p. 39.
Sport fish survey in Michigan
p. 20. (Ginn
Wisconsin fishery landings, 1963; May p. 39.
Yellow perch filleting machine now in operation in
ou; Apr. p. 16.
waters; July
GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND
GEAR RESEARCH ~
Lake Michigan:
alewife and chub stocks, seasonal distribution and
abundance studies of (M/V ''Kaho"); May p. 21,
June p. 15, Aug. pp. 23, 25, Nov. p. 33, Dec. p.40.
trawling investigations in northern area and Green
Bay continued; Feb. p. 17.
trawling investigations in southern area; May p. 18.
yellow perch, seasonal distribution and abundance
studies of (M/V ''Kaho''); Nov. p. 33, Dec. p. 40.
Lake Superior:
fishery explorations by ''M/V Kaho''; Sept. p. 20.
lake herring, trawl and lampara seine tested in
eastern area for catching; Feb. p. 20.
trawling commercial species, more effective
methods studied of (M/V ''Kaho"'); Aug, p. 25,
Nov. p. 30.
GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION
Lake trout fishing trends in Lake Superior; Apr. p.45.
Meeting, annual, held at Ann Arbor, Mich.; Sept.p.52.
Meeting, interim, held in Ottawa; Feb. p. 62.
1964 Index
GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS
Lake Erie yellow perch landings down sharply in
1964; Nov, p. 33.
Lake Michigan:
chubs and associated species, depth distribution
studies continued on (M/V "Cisco" cruise 11);
Jan. p. 11.
lampricide treatment of tributary streams; Dec.
p. 42.
Lake Superior:
lake trout distribution studies continued (M/V
"Siscowet'"' cruise 9); Jan. p. 11.
whitefish spawning survey (M/V "'Siscowet"
cruise 10); Mar. p. 17.
Sea lamprey control in Lake Superior and Lake
Michigan; Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 21.
GREECE
Atlantic exploratory trawling project; Dec. p. 94.
Fisheries trends, Jan, 1963; Feb. p. 69.
Fishery cooperative, Greek-Turkish, proposed;
Jan, p. 38.
Fish meal as fish food experiment; July p. 54,
Freezer-trawler landings and trends; Feb. p. 69,
Mar. p. 54, May p. 51, July p. 53, Aug. p. 65,
Nov. p. 84, Dec. p. 94.
Landings, fishery, 1962-1963; June p. 40.
Pearl culture industry possible; Feb. p. 69.
Purse seine-type net hauler, new, developed by
; Jan, p. 51,
Sponge fishing, 1963; Feb. p. 69.
Trawler, Japanese, sold to Greek firm; Oct. p.72.
GREENLAND
Faroese Islands fishing rights in
Oct. p. 57, Dec. p. 94.
Fishing limits, 12-mile, modified to continue cer-
tain historic fishing rights of other countries;
Nov, p. 84.
Halibut fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 85.
Ocean catfish fishery, 1963; Nov. p. 87.
Salmon, Atlantic, commercial fishery off 5
Dec. p. 82.
Shrimp fishery trends, 1963-64; Nov. p, 85.
waters;
GROSS, GEORGE B.
Fishery attache arrives at Abidjan, Ivory
Coast; Mar. p. 77.
GROUNDFISH
Canada's North Pacific resources studied by
scientists; Mar. p. 46.
Cod and haddock fisheries in Northwest Atlantic,
status discussed at ICNAF meeting of; Aug. p. 50.
Fillets:
import tariff-rate quota for 1964; Apr. p. 78.
Tariff Commission hearings on exclusion of
from tariff modification; Feb. p. 91.
trade-agreement negotiations, reserved by
U. S. Tariff Commission from; June p. 64,
Icelandic fishermen protest ex-vessel prices; Apr.
p. 58.
North Atlantic distribution and abundance
studies; Feb. p. 36, Apr. p. 23, Nov. p. 44.
GUATEMALA
Commercial fishery limited in 1963 because of
lack of vessels; Mar, p. 55.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25
GUATEMALA
Shrimp:
catch, 1962-1963; June p. 40,
Champerico industry trends; May p. 52.
fishing investment opportunity; Oct. p. 58.
Japanese-Guatemalan fishing venture trends;
Jan, p. 51, Oct. p. 58.
GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM
Caribbean coast of Colombia, trawling survey off
(M/V "Oregon" cruise 92); Sept. p. 22.
Menhaden investigations in the Gulf of Mexico con-
tinued (M/V '"'Oregon"); Apr. p. 17, May p. 21,
July p. 13.
Menhaden off-season population survey (airplane
spotting flight 1); Feb. p. 26.
Shrimp:
gear studies continued (M/V ''George M. Bowers");
Jan. p. 13, Feb, p. 22, Apr. p. 18, July p. 12.
Gulf of Mexico investigations (M/V "'Oregon"');
Apr. p. 17, May p. 21, July p. 13.
royal-red seasonal distribution survey continued
(M/V "Oregon" cruise 88); Feb. p. 24.
GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS
Biological studies, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43.
Bottomfish:
commercial catch sampling, Jan,-Mar, 1964; July
p. 18.
distribution and abundance in western Gulf, Jan.-
Mar, 1964; July p. 18,
life histories of Central Gulf fish; Mar. p. 20, July
p. 18, Dec. p, 45.
Chemistry and sea water laboratory services, Oct.-
Dec. 1963; Mar. p. 20.
Contract research, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p. 19.
Estuarine program; Mar. p. 19, Dec, p. 45.
Florida Bay ecology studies; Dec, p. 43.
Industrial fishery program, Oct.-Dec. 1963; Mar.
p. 20, July p. 18, Dec. p. 45.
Oyster, suspended, growth experiments; Mar, p.20.
Shrimp:
adult and larval seasonal distribution patterns in
Aransas Pass, Jan.-Mar, 1964; July p. 16.
bait fishery and postlarval abundance surveys;
July p. 16, Dec. p. 43.
biology program, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43.
commercial catch sampling; July p. 16, Dec. p. 44.
distribution studies; Jan, p. 14, Feb. p. 27, Apr.
p. 19, May pp. 22, 23, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept.
p. 23, Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45.
fishery program, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p, 17.
larvae distribution and abundance studies; July
p. 15, Dec. p. 43.
migrations, growth, and mortality of brown and
white; July p. 17, Dec. p. 44.
pink:
juvenile phase of the life history; July p. 16, Dec.
p. 43.
larvae abundance and distribution on Tortugas
grounds, Jan.-Mar, 1964; July p. 16.
marking study on Tortugas grounds; May p. 22.
migrations, growth, and mortality, Jan.-Mar.
1964; July p. 15.
population dynamics studies; July p, 17, Dec.
pp. 43, 44,
postlarval abundance in Mississippi Sound and
adjacent waters; July p. 17, Dec. p. 44.
postlarval occurrence, distribution, and abundance
in Vermilion Bay (La.), Jan.-Mar. 1964; Julyp.17.
26 ' COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS (cont.)
Western Gulf estuaries, ecology of, Jan.-Mar. 1964;
‘July p. 17.
GULF OF ALASKA
Japanese exploratory fishing in ; July p. 8.
Salmon in , Canada studies; Mar. p. 46.
GULF OF GUINEA
Bottomfish, Japanese report poor fishing in
of; June p. 45.
EQUALANT II, research vessel ''Geronimo'' par-
ticipates in; Apr. p. 47, July p. 24, Oct. p. 31,
Nov. p. 57.
Trawling survey in ; Aug. p. 1.
GULF OF MEXICO
Bottomfish life histories, central ; Dec. p. 45.
Coast Guard hearings on lights and fog signals on
offshore platforms in the ; May p. 79.
Ecology of western estuaries; Mar. p. 19,
July p. 17, Dec. p. 45. :
Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May
p. 34.
Shrimp distribution studies in by M/V "Gus
Ill"; Jan. p. 14, Feb, p. 27, Apr. p. 19, May
pp. 22, 23, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 23,
Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45.
Soviet fishing activity in and South Atlantic;
Aug. p. 38.
Storm warning buoys for ; Nov. p. 65.
GULF STATES
Crab, blue, industry of --an industry in tran-
sition; Dec. p. 1.
Landings, fisheries, 1962; Feb. p. 28.
GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION
Annual meeting in Brownsville, Tex.; Nov. p. 35.
HADDOCK
Atlantic, North, collections; June p. 21.
Georges Bank, abundance of and whiting hold-
ing up despite heavier fishing on; July p. 23.
Recipe--baked a la maritimes; June p. 71.
Spawning and maturity investigated by M/V ''Alba-
tross IV"; June p. 21.
HAITI, REPUBLIC OF
Explorations, preliminary fishery, off by
M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29.
HAKE
Canned product, Japanese firm experimenting with;
Dec. p. 103.
Midwater trawl tests in Pacific Coast fishery
successful; Aug. p. 23.
North Pacific distribution and abundance study; Oct.
p. 30, Dec. p. 52.
HALIBUT
Alaska:
Ketchikan ex-vessel prices rise in June; Sept. p.12.
Kodiak plant processing operations following
earthquake; Nov. p. 17.
landings at Ketchikan, first seasonal; July p. 8.
Baked surprise; Apr. outside back cover.
Barents Sea, Soviets find concentrations in;
Oct. p. 80,
HALIBUT
Bering Sea:
catch in Area 3B North Triangle, Mar. 28, 1964;
May p. 43.
fishing in Area 3B North Triangle ended Oct. 15,
1963; Feb. p. 64.
Japanese fishing for abandoned; Sept. p. 11.
Greenland fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 85.
International Pacific Halibut Commission:
fishing restrictions proposed; Aug. p. 49.
special meeting held in June 1964; July p. 42.
Japan:
Bering Sea long-line fishery; Sept. p. 11.
Bering Sea Triangle Area, vessels licensed for;
May p. 58. :
landings and exports, 1958-63; Nov. p. 91.
mothership returns; Aug. p. 70.
North Pacific:
fishery regulations; Jan. p. 75.
fishing ended Nov. 30, 1963; Feb. p. 64.
fishing in area 3A ended Aug, 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46.
fishing season, 1964, for in Area 2 closes;
Dec. p. 23.
landings, 1964 season to July 20, 1964; Sept. p. 24.
migrations of ; Sept. p. 19.
quality evaluation of ex-vessel landings continued;
Sept. p. 24.
quota for Triangle area recommended, reduction
of; Jan, p. 41.
regulations for 1964; May p. 43.
Steaks from Japan not being sold at less than fair
value; Feb. p. 91.
HANDLING
Fish boxed at sea, British report on; Nov. p. 114.
HATCHERIES
California , fish losses attributed to food prob-
lem in; Dec. p. 30.
Re-use of water, studies on; Dec. p. 38.
Salmon and trout restocking program in Quebec;
Dec. p. 88.
Shark, dogfish, Washington State firm to process fish
feed from; July p. 37.
HATCHERY
Oregon's Metolius River salmon closes and
experimental station opens; Nov. p. 51.
HAWAII
Earth's gravitation measured by M/V "Charles H.
Gilbert" in collaboration with University; Dec. p.35.
Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May
p. 34,
Landings, commercial fishery; Feb. p. 29, June p. 16.
Oceanic eddies southwest of Islands studied by
M/V “Charles H, Gilbert"; Aug. p. 18.
Tuna, skipjack, landings; Jan. p. 15, Feb. p. 28, Mar.
p. 21, Apr. p. 19, May p. 23.
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPART-
MENT OF (also see FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRA-
TION; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE)
Mississippi River fish kill, finds that the pes-
ticide endrin was the cause of; Sept. p. 37.
HERBICIDE(S)
Milfoil control, conference on; May p. 30.
1964 Index
HERRING (also see LAKE HERRING)
Alaska:
bait fishing at Ketchikan in Jan, 1964; Apr, p. 9.
growth and mortality rates analyzed; Apr. p, 10,
landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9.
oil production during Aug.; Nov. p. 17.
roe being readied for shipment to Japan; Aug. p. 13,
roe-on-kelp harvest ends in Apr.; July p. 8.
southeast area catch moderate; Dec, p. 24.
Canada:
Bay of Fundy section reopened to seiners; Dec.
p. 88.
British Columbia landings and products, 1963/64;
June p. 37.
Denmark:
catch forecasts; Apr. p. 53.
marketing problems; Apr. p. 53.
France establishes minimum price regulations for
imports from other EEC countries; Dec, p. 93.
Ghana landings down sharply in 1963; Aug, p. 64.
"Herring salad" imports dutiable at 20 percent ad
valorem; Apr. p. 79.
Iceland:
fisheries trends as of July 13, 1964; Sept. p. 67.
prices; May p. 52, Sept. p. 68, Dec, p. 95.
Maine landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 64.
Norway:
catch, 1964; Dec, p. 108.
fisheries trends; May p. 70, June p, 52,
north coast, big run off; May p. 69.
prices; Dec, p. 109.
utilization; Dec. p. 108.
winter fishery, 1964; Dec. p. 108.
Pelagic trawl tested for effectiveness in catching
winter ; Jan, p. 22.
Sweden's experimental midwater pair-trawling for
large shows promise; Jan, p. 69.
HISPANIOLA
Explorations, fishery, preliminary, off by
M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29.
HONDURAS
Fisheries trends, first quarter 1964; Aug, p. 65.
Investment opportunity in fisheries; Apr. p. 58.
HONG KONG
Foreign trade in fishery products, 1961 and 1962;
Jan, p. 51.
ICELAND
Exports, fishery, to the Soviet Bloc, 1963; Junep.41.
Exports of fishery products; Feb. p. 69, July p, 55,
Sept. p. 68, Nov. p. 87.
Fishing industry, government passes bill to aid;
Apr. p. 58,
Fish meal production and exports; May p. 40, Oct.
~ 44,
Fish sausages, first, produced in ; Nov. p. 88.
Frozen fish to U.S.S.R., sells; May p. 52.
Groundfish ex-vessel prices, fishermen protest;
Apr, p. 58.
Harp and hood seals, ratifies protocol amend-
ment concerning; June p. 35,
Herring:
fisheries trends as of July 13, 1964; Sept. p. 67.
prices; May p. 52, Sept. p. 68, Dec. p. 95.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
27
ICELAND
Landings, fishery:
principal species; Jan, p, 52, Feb, p. 69, May p.53,
June p. 42, July pp. 54, 55, Sept. p. 69, Oct. p.58,
Nov, p. 87, Dec. p. 95.
utilization; Jan, p, 52, Feb. p, 69, May p. 53, June
p. 41, July p. 55, Sept. p. 69, Oct. p. 59, Nov.
p. 88, Dec. p. 96.
Lobster:
exports increased; Nov. p. 88,
new type product available; Nov, p. 88.
Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, held in
Sept. p. 54,
Salmon farm, investment opportunity in; Oct. p. 58.
Veco et fishing, delivered by British shipyard; July
p. 56,
2
IDAHO
Federal funds allocated to
gram; Sept. p. 18.
for fisheries pro-
IMPORTS
Airborne , U.S., of fishery products; Jan, p.34,
Mar, pp. 28, 29, Apr. p. 36, May p. 35, Sept. p. 46,
Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 65.
Canned fish, Norwegian exports of; Mar. p. 66.
Danish exports of fishery products to the U. S.; Apr.
p. 55, June p. 39, Sept. p. 62, Oct. p. 53,
Edible fishery products, processed; Mar. p. 31, Apr.
p. 37, May p. 35, June p. 31, July p. 36, Aug. p. 43,
Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec, p. 66,
European Free Trade Association duties on certain
fishery products reduced; Apr. p. 40.
Fish meal:
Peruvian exports by country of destination, Jan,-
Sept, 1963; June p. 54,
ies ; Jan, p. 18, Feb, pp. 31, 32, Mar. p. 21,
Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31,
Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47,48.
U.S. by Customs Districts; Jan, p, 35, Feb.
p. 54, Mar, p. 30, Apr. p. 36.
Fish solubles, U. S, of; Jan, p. 18, Feb. pp. 31,
32, Mar. p, 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug.
pp. 29, 30, 31, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36,
Dec. pp. 47, 48.
Groundfish fillet tariff-rate quota for 1964; Apr, p.78.
“Herring salad" dutiable at 20 percent ad
valorem; Apr. p. 79.
Lobster, Iceland's, exports increased; Nov, p. 88.
Oysters, frozen, Japanese 1964 pack for export to
U. S.; Aug. p. 74.
Pet food, Australia begins exporting to the U. S.;
Nov. p. 79,
Shrimp:
Guatemalan exports to United States in 1962; Mar,
p. 55,
U.S. ; Jan, p. 29, Feb, p. 43, Apr. p, 32, June
p.27, Aug. p. 38, Oct, p.37, Nov. p.55, Dec. p. 61.
U. 5. from Viet-Nam, 1963; July p. 80,
Tuna
canned in brine:
Japan:
eanners and exporters discuss drop in exports to
U. S.; Oct. p. 63.
export quota and prices, reductions proposed for;
Oct, p. 63.
export quota to U. S.; Jan. p. 54,
exports to U, S. by destination; Aug. p. 67.
exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p. 44.
28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
IMPORTS (cont.)
Tuna (cont.):
canned in brine (cont.):
Japan (cont.):
sales to U. S.; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57.
AUS SE under quota; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 54,
Mar. p. 30, May p. 35, June.p. 64, July p. 36,
Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63.
canned "Tuna with Vegetables" dutiable at
20 percent ad' valorem; Mar. p. 77.
frozen:
Japan:
Atlantic export prices; May p, 56.
export market, early Dec. 1963; Feb. p. 71.
export quotas for FY 1964; May p. 56.
exports to U. S., 1962-1963; Mar. p, 56.
export validations to U. S.; Oct. pp. 61, 62.
loins, frozen, Japanese export validations to U.S.;
Oct. p. 61.
U. S. fishery trends by country, 1962; Feb.
p. 56.
INCOME
California fishermen's , 1962; Feb. p. 11.
INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR(S)
Fishermen considered for tax purposes by
U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; July
p. 88.
INDIA
Fisheries expansion aided by Cooley Loan; Jan. p.52.
Indian Fisheries Institute, Norway to participate in;
Sept. p. 87.
Landings, fishery, 1962, and foreign trade, 1962/63;
Jan. p. 52.
Norwegian fisheries development project continued;
July p. 56.
Oceanographic research program under Internation-
al Indian Ocean Expedition; Aug. p. 52,
Outboard motors for small fishing vessels, FAO
project to supply; July p. 41.
Shrimp:
Cochin, new processing plant in; May p. 53.
Japanese-Indian joint fishing firm concentrates on;
Oct. p. 59.
Solar stills purify sea water in ; May p. 104,
INDIAN OCEAN
Explorations by the ''Atlantis II'' in the
pleted; Jan. p. 26.
Oceanographic survey of » Honolulu Labora-
tory vessel finishes first phase of; Jan. p. 25.
Plankton studies give clues to -Atlantic Zoo-
geographical relations; May p, 14,
Tuna;
Japan designates transshipment ports in g
Dec. p. 99.
Japanese mothership in confronted with
labor dispute at sea; Sept. p. 74.
Soviets participate in fishery; Jan. p. 73.
com-=~
INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL
Eleventh Session held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
Dec, p. 73.
Fisheries development seminar held by FAO :
July p. 39.
1964 Index
INDUSTRIAL FISH
Gulf of Mexico:
commercial catch sampling; July p. 18.
distribution and abundance of western Gulf bottom-
fish; Mar. p. 20, July p. 18.
life histories of central Gulf bottomfish; Mar. p.20,
July p. 18, Dec. p. 45,
INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS
Animal and poultry nutrition, fish reduction products
use highly regarded in; May p, 23,
Animal feed, observations and views on use of
in; June p. 17, Aug. p. 28.
Animal nutrition, use of
p. 17, Aug. p. 28, Dec. p. 47.
Fish meal:
calcium and phosphorus found entirely available to
chickens; Dec. p. 46.
Great Lakes region, plant being built in; Apr. p.16.
lipids, total, improved rapid method for determin-
ing; July p. 1.
Maine and Massachusetts, trends in use of
in; Feb, p. 30.
Maine, raw material for
p. 26.
‘Peruvian conference stresses quality; Jan. p. 38.
production and exports for selected countries; Mar.
p. 35, Apr. p. 42, June p. 35, Sept. p. 49, Oct.
p. 44.
Texas, trends in use of
Fish meal and oil:
animal nutrition, views on use in; Dec, p. 47.
Fish meal and solubles:
U. S. supply; Jan. p. 18, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 21,
Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, Oct, p.28,
Nov. p. 36, Dec. p. 48.
Fish meal, oil, and solubles: :
U. S. production; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, Mar. p. 21,
Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, July p. 19, Aug. pp. 30, 31,
Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec, p. 48.
U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31,
Mar, p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18,
July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35,
Dec. p. 47.
U. S. supply, major indicators for; Jan. p, 18, Feb.
p. 31, Apr. p. 21, Aug. pp. 31, 32, Sept. p. 25,
Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. p. 47.
Fish oil:
market trends, producers! views on; Sept. p. 26.
new uses promoted at annual paint industries show;
Jan, p. 15.
U. S. production forecast for 1964; Nov. p. 37.
U. S. trends in supply, disposition, and prices,
1946-1964; Sept. p. 26.
Menhaden catches north of Chesapeake Bay decline;
Noy. p. 36.
Protein extraction and water purification process
may be applied to fish reduction industry; Aug.
p. 61.
in; May p. 23, June
}
scarce in; Sept.
in; Jan, p. 18.
INSPECTION
Fees, new, for fishery products
Mar. p. 76.
New York State accepts USDI
. 30.
Weights and measures activities in the USDI fishery
products standards and program; Oct. p. 8.
services;
for fish; Apr.
1964 Index
INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE
(see MIAMI, UNIVERSITY OF)
INTERAGENCY BOTULISM RESEARCH COORDINAT-
ING COMMITTEE
Federal Government formed to coordinate
botulism research; Sept. p. 13.
INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION
Mexico joins » May p. 42.
Sixteenth annual meeting held at San Diego, Calif.;
May p. 42.
Tuna:
bluefin tagged by off Mexico is recaptured
near Japan; Dec. p. 62.
yellowfin, recommends lower 1964 quota for
eastern Pacific catch of; May p. 42,
INTERCOM
Underwater permits skin divers to talk; July
jo ats Pe
INTERGOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE
ORGANIZATION
Panel of Experts on Stability of Fishing Vessels
holds first session in London, July 13-17, 1964;
Oct. p. 47.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMIS-
SION ‘
Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964;
July p. 44,
INTERIOR, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE
(also see COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF;
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE)
Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of:
Alaska:
disaster relief--charter vessel loan regulations;
Aug. p. 95.
fishery loan office, emergency, opened by f
June p, 63,
Commercial Fisheries Research and Development
Act, regulations published on; Dec. p. 118,
Great Lakes area, determination by Secretary of
of fishery failure due to resource disaster
in; Dec, p. 117.
resource disaster funds, fishery, regulations
announced for use of; Oct. p. 85.
whaling licenses on Pacific Coast; June p, 64,
Federal aid:
funds apportioned to states; Apr. p. 14, Aug. p. 20.
Fish and Wildlife Service:
tuna, yellowfin, fishing regulations proposed for
eastern Pacific; July p. 82.
Great Lakes aid under new fisheries law given by
3 Oct. p. 25.
Halibut fishery regulations for North Pacific; Jan,
p. 75. 5
National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, architects
selected by to draw plans for; May p. 27.
Oceanography educational grants for 1964 awarded
by ; May p, 28.
Patent on tracking fish migrations received by
; Aug. p. 39,
Pesticides:
stringent rules ordered in use on lands adminis-
tered by ; Nov. p. 52,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29
INTERIOR, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE
Pesticides:
use endangers commercial fisheries says Secretary
of ; June p, 23,
Salmon cannery, site of first Pacific Coast plant des-
ignated historic landmark; June p, 25.
Seal skins:
contract negotiations for processing of; Sept. p. 20.
proposals for processing, promoting, and selling
of; June p. 63,
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of:
National Fisheries Center and Aquarium willfeature
trained dolphins; Apr. p. 22.
research laboratory, new, to be built on University
of Rhode Island property; Feb. p, 50.
Tuna, canned, industry presents with award
for marketing assistance; July p, 34.
Whaling regulations amended; Aug, p. 92.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MAN-
UFACTURERS
Fifth annual conference in Vienna; Oct. p. 45.
Peruvian conference stresses quality; Jan, p. 39.
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
Radiation control of harmful organisms in foods and
animal feeds, recommendations made on; Sept.
p. 53,
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE NORTH-
WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES
(see NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTER-
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE)
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTH-
WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES
(see NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTER-
NATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE)
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS
OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC
EQUALANT III:
Gulf of Guinea fishery-oceanographic studies, re-
sults of (M/V "Geronimo" cruise III); Nov. p.57.
plans for; Apr. p. 46.
researvh vessel ''Geronimo'' makes new discover-
ies in Gulf of Guinea; July p. 24,
Guinean trawling survey; Aug. p. 1.
Gulf of Guinea investigations by research vessel
"Geronimo" (cruise 4); Oct. p. 31.
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION
OF THE SEA
Convention, new; Aug, p. 51, Nov. p. 68.
Meeting, 52nd Statutory, held in Copenhagen; Dec.
p. 80.
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR THE PROGRESS
OF FOOD
First congress of
p. 45.
INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION
Explorations by the 'Atlantis II completed; Jan,
p. 26,
Explorations by the ''Pioneer"; Mar. p. 23.
Gulf of Aden investigations; Mar. p. 39.
India's oceanographic research program; Aug, p.52.
to be held in Paris; Apr.
30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION (cont.)
Oceanography investigations by research vessel
"Pioneer" of U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey;
Sept. p. 33,
Research vessel ''Anton Bruun" participation in
; Sept. p. 16.
Trawling results of the R/V ''Anton Bruun" in the
Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea; Nov. Suppl.
p. 27.
INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES
COMMISSION
(see NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMIS-
SION, INTERNATIONAL)
INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION
(see PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNA-
TIONAL)
INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COM-
MISSION
(see SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA-
TIONAL PACIFIC)
INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM
Fifth meeting to be held Aug, 25-28, 1965, in Hali-
fax, Canada; May p. 44.
INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUNCIL
Shrimp consumption, planned to promote;
Sept. p. 56.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Sanitary regulations in in animals and animal
products, need for; Dec. p. 74.
INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION
(see WHALING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL)
INTERNATIONAL WHALING CONVENTION.
(see WHALING CONVENTION, INTERNATIONAL)
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
Less-than-carload shipments, approves
charge for; Apr. p. 78.
INVENTIONS
"Bathykymograph'" measures speed and depth of
fishing net; Feb. p. 32.
‘Clams, new laboratory holding method for; Aug. p.19.
Fish holder patented; Feb. p. 33.
Float for fishing line patented; Oct. p. 28.
Mechanical fishing vessel unloader being developed;
Aug. p. 32.
Quick-freezer, multi-immersion; Feb, p. 33.
Shrimp head and vein removing tool patented; Nov.
p. 37.
Sinkers, fishing, method of attaching; Feb. p. 33.
Tracking fish migrations, patents awarded on new
methods for; Aug, p. 39.
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
AID abstracts available at Department of Commerce
field offices; Aug. p. 33.
Guatemala shrimp ; Oct. p. 58.
Honduras, fisheries in; Apr. p. 58,
Icelandic salmon farm; Oct, p. 58.
Philippine fishing industry; Aug. p. 32.
1964 Index
IRAN
Fishery trends and developments; Aug. p. 66.
Fishing industry, status of, 1963; Jan. p. 53.
Soviet-Irano Agreement for Economic and Technical
Cooperation; Jan, p. 53.
IRELAND
Fishing company, new, aided by Japanese and French
interests; Feb. p. 70.
Fishing industry surveyed by U. S. fishery scientists;
Sept. p. 69.
Fish meal factory planned for east coast; Nov. p.88.
Scallop grounds discovered; Aug, p. 66.
Trawling base in , joint Japanese-[rish-French;
Mar, p. 55.
Trout farming expanded; Apr. p. 59.
United States- cooperation in joint fisheries
projects; May p. 46.
United States team begins fisheries survey; Aug.
p. 67,
IRRADIATION PRESERVATION
Fillets, irradiated, and fresh controls, comparative
tests made of; Jan. p. 19.
Food preservation by irradiation studied for com-
mercial implications; June p. 24,
Food, radiation and; June p. 89.
Irradiator for fishery products in Massachusetts
nears completion; Oct. p. 35.
Irradiator installed aboard M/V "Delaware" for
of fish at sea; Aug, p. 33,
Oily fish preliminary tests indicate flavor and stor-
age problems; Feb. p. 33.
Packaging materials for foods preserved by 5
Food and Drug Administration issues new food
additive regulation concerning; Oct. p. 84.
Packaging requirements for fishery products pre-
served by ; Oct. p. 34.
Radiation control of harmful organisms in foods and
animal feeds, recommendations made on; Sept.
p. 53.
ISRAEL
Fisheries development; June p. 42.
Fishing fleet, 1963; June p. 42.
Freezer-trawler operations expanded; Apr. p. 59.
ITALY
Atlantic fishing fleet, 1964; Dec. p. 96.
Atlantic fishing grounds off Argentina worked by
Italian freezer-trawlers; May p. 46.
European Economic Community tariff quotas on
some fishery products granted to ; Apr. p.40.
Fish consumption; Dec. p. 97.
Gulf of Aden tuna explorations, 1963; Mar. p. 40.
Import curbs being studied; May p. 59.
Marine oils, foreign trade in, 1962-1963; Oct. p.60.
Taiwan and to sign fishery agreement; Nov.
p. 112.
Tuna:
canned product, Japan proposes to participate in
promotion program of; May p. 55.
expansion of operations planned; May p. 54.
fresh and frozen import quota for 1963 increased;
Feb, p. 71.
frozen:
import quota, no increase in; May p. 55.
Japanese product, prices paid for; May p, 54.
Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55.
1964 Index
ITALY (cont.)
Tuna (cont,):
frozen (cont.):
Japanese sales to improving; Oct, p. 59.
Japanese sales to slow in June; Sept, p.72.
industry trends; May p. 54.
Japanese-Italian joint venture; May p, 54, Oct.
p. 59.
tagging of young bluefin and albacore initiated in
Sicily; May p. 55,
Tunisia detains Italian fishing vessels; Jan, p. 70.
Vessels for Korea, Italian- French contract to build
fishing; Apr. p. 62, Dec. p. 105.
Vessels:
freezer-trawlers, new, for Atlantic fishing fleet;
Dec, p. 96,
tuna clippers, new, for Atlantic fishing fleet; Dec.
p. 96.
IVORY COAST
Fishery Attache George B. Gross arrives at new
post in Abidjan; Mar. p. 77.
Fishery development in
Sardine fishery, new development in; Sept. p. 70.
U.S. fishery attache program in ; Nov. p. 29.
JAMES RIVER
Oyster MSX disease, developments reported by
scientists on; Sept. p. 36,
JAPAN
Alaska:
earthquake victims, Fisheries Association con-
tributes money to; June p. 48,
fishing activity of
herring roe being readied for shipment to 5
Aug. p. 13,
shrimp fishery north of Pribilof Islands; July p.8.
shrimp fishing activity by during June off;
Sept. p. 10.
Alaska, Gulf of:
exploratory fishing by
in; July p. 8.
fishing effort by scheduled to end Oct, 1963;
Feb. p. 10,
fish-meal fishery by during June; Sept. p.11.
king crab fishing activity by during June;
Sept. p. 11.
shrimp vessel and trawlers operate off Pribilof
Islands; Mar. p.8.
trawlers, more, to fish in; Dec. p. 100,
whaling activity by during June; Sept. p. 11.
Aluminum fish hold for fishing vessel; Dec, p. 102,
American Samoa:
Japan External Trade Promotion Organization
assigns agent in; Dec. p. 103,
Japanese fishing firm to charge handling fee for
deliveries to; Aug, p. 14.
Angola, fish-freezing operations planned by
off; Mar, p. 61.
Atlantic, northwest, experimental trawl operations
by in; Oct. p. 70.
Atlantic trawl-caught fish, freezership returns with;
Nov, p. 94,
Atlantic trawl fish to
transport; May p. 64,
Atlantic trawl fishery; Nov, p. 94,
Atlantic trawl landings, 1963; Aug. p. 72.
Australian fishing gear, damage to, takes
measures to stop; Jan, p. 43.
, freezer carriers to
, plans for; Oct, p.60.
off; Nov. p. 16, Dec. p.22.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31
JAPAN
Australian tuna, frozen, direct exports restricted
from in 1963 of; July p. 46.
Bering Sea:
shrimp factoryship also fishes for herring and
Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9,
shrimp factoryship and stern trawlers active in
Feb, 1964; May p. 12,
vessel departures for; July p. 63,
Bering Sea, eastern:
bottomfish areas for motherships for 1964; Mar,
p. 58.
fishing activities; Apr. p. 9, Aug. pp. 10, 11, Oct.
p. 12.
halibut long-line fishery in June; Sept. p. 11.
halibut long-line fishing by abandoned; Sept.
Baotis
long-line fishery moves nearer Pribilof Islands;
July p. 8,
"Black Current" or Kuroshio, international investi-
gation planned of; Feb, p. 65,
Bottom fish:
Aleutian Islands, western, in fall 1964, long-line
fleets plan to fish south of; May p. 60.
Atlantic resources to be surveyed by Oct,
pe, tO:
Bering Sea, eastern:
catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100,
fishing fleets for 1964 announced; May p, 59,
fishing grounds, six motherships departed in Apr,
for; May p. 58.
mothership fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76, Nov.
p. 94,
vessel operations for 1964 approved for; Apr,
p. 61.
Gulf of Guinea, poor fishing reported in; June p.45,
New Zealand:
licensing of operations off; Nov, p. 95.
longer trip doubles catch for trawlers in waters
off; Nov. p. 95.
long-line fishery off; Mar. p. 63, May p. 60.
North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in;
Oct. p, 68.
Bristol Bay:
king crab:
factoryships begin fishing season earlier than
year ago; June p. 9.
fleet of in; July p. 7.
Canada- ministerial conference convenes in
Tokyo, Sept. 4, 1964; Oct. p. 72.
Canadian-Japanese joint fishery base proposed; May
p. 47, Aug. p. 72.
Canned fish export target, fiscal year 1964; June
. 44,
Cornaianat China-Japan fisheries agreement; Jan,
p. 61.
Crab:
coastal waters, new fishery developed in; Sept. p.76.
North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in;
Oct. p. 69.
king: :
Bering Sea, eastern, two motherships issued li-
censes for 1964 operations in; May p. 59.
Bristol Bay, fishing improves in; Aug, p. 72.
Bristol Bay operations; Nov. p. 94,
canned:
exports, fiscal year 1963; Aug, p. 72.
pack from Bristol Bay, Okhotsk Sea, and Olyutor
Sea, 1956-1963; Aug. p. 72.
32 -COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
JAPAN (cont.)
Crab (cont.):
king (cont.):
Chilean- proposed venture, developments
on; Sept. p. 60.
tangle nets, polypropelene, to be used in fishery;
May p. 62.
U.S.S.R. fisheries negotiations with con-
cluded; July p. 42. awe
Cuba:
imports of fishery products from
1964; Sept. p. 60.
tuna, frozen, exports by to; July p. 51.
Export controls, status of voluntary fishery, FY
1964; Nov. p. 96.
Exporters, fish, affected by duty imposed by Ghana;
Jan, p. 58,
Exports of fishery products, Apr.-Sept. 1963; Mar.
p. 62.
Export targets for fishery and aquatic products,
fiscal year 1964; May p. 57, Aug. p. 68.
Factoryships, eight, to be built for U.S.S.R.; Nov.
p. 97.
FAO Council, 43rd, views on; Dec. p. 103.
Fisheries Agency budget for fiscal year 1965; Oct.
p. 71.
Fisheries census, 1963; June p. 47.
Fisheries management program, long-rane, planned;
Jan, p. 59.
Fisheries mission scheduled to visit U. 5S. and Can-
ada; June p. 48.
Fishery production in 1963; Sept. p. 78.
Fishing gear and catch loss compensation being
studied; June p. 47.
Fishing limits, Japanese-Canadian talks planned on;
July p. 67.
Fishing port, new, in Osaka Prefecture; Sept. p.79.
Fish meal and solubles used in mixed feed, 1958-
1963; Sept. p. 80.
Fish meal;
association organized; Nov. p. 96.
Bering Sea, eastern, operation planned in; Mar.
p. 60.
Bering Sea operations; June p. 48.
Bering Sea production, 1964; Dec. p. 101.
imports from Peru approved; Apr. p. 61.
imports, Government allots funds for; Jan, p. 58.
prices; Aug, p. 74.
South Africa to export to ; July p. 67.
Fish sausage production, fiscal year 1963; June
p. 49, July p. 66.
Freezership departs for Las Palmas to process
bottomfish; July p. 64.
Frozen fish sales promotion planned; July p. 65,
Sept. p. 80.
Gear fishing and catch compensation law revised;
Oct. p. 71.
Ghana's import duty on fish affects and
Russian trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar. p. 54.
Hake, canned, firm experimenting with; Dec. p. 103.
Halibut:
Bering Sea catch in Area 3B North Triangle,
Mar. 28, 1964; May p. 43.
Bering Sea Triangle Area, vessels licensed for;
May p. 58.
landings and exports, 1958-63; Nov. p. 91.
mothership returns to ; Aug. p. 70.
steaks from not being sold in U. 5S. at less
than fair value; Feb. p. 91.
, Jan,-Apr.
1964 Index -
JAPAN
Imports from South Korea, additional foreign curren-
cy for; July p. 64, Oct. p. 72.
Irish fishing company, new,
ests to aid; Feb, p. 70.
Kelp fishery agreement with Soviet Union; July p.67,
Oct. p. 72.
Se ba tn fisheries talks; May p. 65, Dec.
p. 104,
Long-line gear, new, tested off West African Coast;
Feb. p. 73.
Long-lining, experimental, along Western Aleutians,
program being studied for; May p. 60. ;
Mackerel, canned, exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan.
p. 57.
Malaysian trawling permits sought by joint Japanese-
Malaysian interests; Feb. p. 76.
Marine oil exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 75.
Marine oil imports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 75.
Marine oil production from Antarctic whaling,
1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49.
Marine oil supply and disposition, 1962-1963 and
1964 forecast; Aug. p. 74,
Marlin tagged by United States recovered in eastern
. Pacific by Japanese long-line vessels; Sept. p. 41.
Mexico, fishing company executive expected to visit;
Dec, p. 104, ‘
Mussels, freshwater, commercial quality pearls pro-
duced from; Jan. p. 59.
North Pacific Fisheries Convention negotiations,
fishing industry position on; Nov. p. 67.
North Pacific Fisheries Convention talks,
press reaction to; Nov. p. 68.
North Pacific Fur Seal Convention Protocol amend-
ing interim convention on conservation of fur seals
ratified by ; July p. 42,
North Pacific Ocean, eastern: ~
trawler operations; Mar. p. 60, May p. 58.
Northwest Atlantic:
firm withdraws trawler factoryship from; Dec.
and French inter-
p. 101.
licensing more vessels to operate in; May p. 63.
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention, to
join; July p. 64, Nov. p. 95.
Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission eighth
annual conference, progress on; June p. 35.
Oceanographic stations, unmanned, to be set up off
coast; Feb. p. 75.
Oceanographic vessel, new, delivered; Apr. p. 62.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel-
opment; Aug. p. 53, Oct. p. 72.
Overseas-based fisheries status for 1963 to be
studied; Sept. p. 79.
Oysters:
frozen, 1964 pack for export to U. S.; Aug. p. 74.
raft culture; Aug. p. 103.
Purse seines, fishing firm granted license to fish
off Africa with; Dec. p. 98.
Refueling vessels at sea, Tuna Federation hopes to
continue; Jan, p. 56.
Rumania orders another stern trawler from 5
Apr. p. 72.
Salmon:
Alaska:
handling and processing aboard vessels of
Prince William Sound fish; Nov. p. 15.
purchases as of Aug. 7, 1964, from; Oct. p. 68.
sale postponement requested; Dec. p. 100.
sale to completed; Oct. pp. 67, 68.
1964 Index
JAPAN (cont,)
Salmon (cont.):
canned;
Australia, sold to; June p. 44,
export prices; Dec, p. 100.
Great Britain, sold to; Dec. p. 100.
pack of land-based canners down; Sept. p. 75.
pink:
Canadian market trends, view on; July
p. 62,
export prices; Aug, p. 70.
catch by mothership fleets; Aug, p. 71.
catch for North Pacific Area B expected to be at
record low; Sept. p. 75.
chum ex-dock price; Dec. p. 100.
factoryship, new, to be built by fishing firm; Apr.
p. 61.
fishermen request tuna fishing licenses; Aug. p.71.
gill nets, monofilament, used in North Pacific
fishery; May p. 61.
hatchery facilities, plans call for doubling; Feb.
p. 75.
Hokkaido canners hard hit by poor catch; Sept.
p. 75.
mothership fishery for 1964 closes with catches
slightly under target; Oct. p. 69,
North Pacific:
catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75.
mothership fisheries find poor fishing in; Sept.
p. 75, Oct. p. 68.
mothership prices; Aug. p. 70.
U.S.S.R., negotiation with concluded; July
pp. 42, 62.
pink:
Hokkaido packers begin packing; Aug. p. 71.
mothership firms to consign sales of Alaskan
fish to land-based Packers Association; Nov.
p. 91.
prices adjusted for North Pacific mothership fish;
Oct. p. 69,
prices negotiated with vessel owners; July p. 61.
prices paid in for first landings, May 1964;
July p. 61.
quota, fishery, allotment and fleet composition;
July p. 62,
Soviet Pacific hatcheries and fisheries described
by Japanese scientists; July p. 75.
U.S.S.R. fisheries negotiations with con-
cluded; July pp. 42, 62.
Sardines, canned:
exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan, p. 57.
market for; Jan, p. 54.
Saury:
canned:
exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57.
exports for Aug, 1963-June 1964 and estimates
for following business year; Oct. p. 70.
Hokkaido canners sign advance purchase agree-
ment with fishermen's association; Nov. p. 96,
landings down sharply in 1963; Jan, p. 57.
production and export trends, late Nov, 1963; Feb.
p. 75.
Sea bream, council formed of long-liners fishing off
New Zealand; Dec, p. 103,
Shrimp:
Bering Sea:
mothership fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76.
canned exports to Great Britain; Dec. p. 103,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES 33
JAPAN
Shrimp:
oe joint venture in Australia considered; Nov.
p. 76,
frozen:
inventory, high, traders concerned over; Jan,
p. 58,
market in ; May p. 62.
Guatemalan- joint operations; Jan, p. 51,
Oct. p. 58,
imports from Viet-Nam up in 1963; July p. 80.
import trends; Aug. p. 74.
Indian-Japanese joint fishing firm concentrates on
shrimp; Oct. p. 59.
Mexican (Guaymas) fishing cooperatives,
proposes joint venture with; May p, 65.
trawler-cannery, stern, built for fishery in North
Pacific; Sept. p. 77.
vessels, four new, delivered by Texas shipyard to
Japanese firm in Surinam; June p. 58,
South Africa, new stern trawler to fish off; May p.63,
Spanish trawl-caught fish imported by firm;
Mar, p. 62.
Suction pump fishing; May p. 65, Oct, p. 73.
Surinam,shrimp fishing operations by in; Oct.
p. 79.
Swordfish, Japanese to fish in Northwest Atlantic
for; Oct. p. 70.
Tanganyika fishery resources surveyed by ;
Apr. p. 73.
Technical fishery service agreement made with
Ghana; Oct. p. 57.
Territorial waters, U. S., views by on new law
prohibiting fishing in; Nov, p. 91.
Trawler(s):
Communist China hopes to purchase large ones
from ; Sept. p. 60,
distant-water licenses approved; Feb, p. 74,
Ghana builds large one in ; Dec, p. 94,
Ghana to import from ; May p. 61.
Greek firm buys from Oct paz.
Okinawans for manning, use of; Dec, p. 102.
stern trawler(s):
African waters, new one built for; Dec. p. 102.
Bering Sea fishing by; Dec. p. 101.
Bering Sea operations, one built for; July p. 65.
large ones completed; July p. 64,
operations by ; May p. 60.
Rumania has one built in ; May p. 62, July
. 65,
Beclemeetic orders two freezer-type from ;
Mar. p. 67,
West African fishing grounds to be explored by;
July p. 65,
Trawling:
Atlantic fishery; Feb. p. 74, Sept. p. 77.
Atlantic fleet; July p. 63.
Atlantic fleet, refrigerated carriers being built
for; Sept. p. 77.
Atlantic, northwest, explorations continued; Nov.
. 95.
Ailantic operations, new firm plans; Jan. p. 59.
distant-water fisheries, future of; Mar. p. 60.
Ireland base, joint Japanese-Irish-French; Mar.
p. 55.
Tuna:
albacore:
Atlantic Ocean and market trends, fishery in;
Dec, p. 98.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
JAPAN (cont.)
Tuna (cont.):
albacore (cont.):
Atlantic ocean catch improving; Oct. p. 64.
attracting deep-swimming fish to surface, Uni-
versity's study of; Dec. p. 99.
export prices; Nov. p. 89,
prices ex-vessel still high in June 1964; Sept.
p. 71.
price trends ex-vessel, Nov.-Dec. 1963; Feb.
p. 72.
summer fishery; July p. 59, Sept. p. 71.
summer fishery and export trends; Aug. p. 69.
Yaizu landings; June p. 45,
American Samoa;
base, Japanese fishery official's view on; July
p. 98.
Japanese Government issues special permit to
land Fiji Islands tuna at; May p. 13.
Japanese negotiate prices with U. 5. packers in;
July p. 57.
prices, ex-vessel; Aug. p. 14.
vessels of in difficulty; Jan. p. 56,
Atlantic Ocean:
conservation proposals advanced at FAO-spon-
sored meeting, views on; Jan, p. 56,
firm to operate purse-seine fleet in; Aug. p. 70.
fishery, Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 89.
fishery trends, 1957-1964; Oct. p. 65,
fishing trends; Aug. p. 70.
Government of to explore in; Oct. p. 65.
mothership, company applies to operate; Jan.
p. 55.
behavior near driftwood studied; Sept. p. 73.
bid-eyed European market reported soft; July
p. 57.
bluefin prices ex-vessel in northern ; Dec,
p. 99.
British-
Oct. p. 957.
canned: ;
canners developing domestic sales; Apr. p. 60.
export quota and prices, reductions proposed for;
Oct. p. 63.
exports, Dec. 1963 and year 1963; May p. 56.
exports, Jan.-Oct. 1963; Apr. p. 60.
exports to U. S., canners and exporters discuss
drop in; Oct. p. 63.
Italian promotion program,
participate in; May p. 55,
Japan Tuna Packers Association members pack
bulk; Aug. p. 68.
market trends; July p. 60, Aug. p. 68.
market trends, Japanese comment on; Mar. p.57.
new type product developed; Feb. p. 71.
promotion in U.S.; Mar. p. 57.
sales, slow, studied by packers and ex-
porters; Oct. p. 64.
specialty products, exports of; Aug. p. 68.
canned in brine:
export quota to U. S.; Jan. p. 54.
exports to U. S. by destination; Aug. p. 67.
exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p, 44.
U.S. sales; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57, May p. 56,
Aug. p. 67.
whitemeat, standard prices established for;
Aug. p. 67.
joint base in Fiji Islands completed;
proposes to
1964 Index
JAPAN
Tuna:
canned in oil:
ee Jan, p. 54, Mar. p. 57, May p. 57, June
p. 43.
prices for export to Canada, 1964; Oct. p. 64,
Cape Verde Islands:
agreement signed for joint venture in; July p. 58.
Japanese base to be constructed on; May p. 48.
landings good at; Oct, p. 66.
Ceylon requests loan from
June p. 38. .
Chile seeks joint enterprise with ; May p.48.
Cook Islands cannery, plan rejected for; Jan, p.48.
Costa Rica transshipment base planned; Apr. p. 61.
delegation to U. S. being considered; July p. 60.
Durban, South Africa, transshipment operations at;
Feb. p. 73.
exporters adopt program for fiscal year 1964; June
p. 45.
exporters seeking more trade with Spain and Cuba;
Sept. p. 72.
export quota allocation planned for overseas bases;
May p. 57.
exports of frozen and canned, value of, Jan.-Sept.
1963; Feb. p. 71.
Fiji Islands base completion delayed; July p. 59.
fresh prices high in Tokyo market; Mar. p. 57.
frozen: :
Atlantic export prices; May p. 56.
Atlantic fish exports, Jan.-June 1964; Oct. p. 62.
Denmark contracts to import from ; Feb.
p. 72.
export market trends; Jan, p. 55, Feb. pp. 71,72.
export prices; Jan. p. 54, Mar. pp. 55, 56, Dec.
p. 97.
export quota for U. S.; May p. 56.
export quotas for FY 1964; May p. 56.
export regulations, new, planned; Feb. p. 72.
exports; May p. 56, June pp. 42, 43.
exports to Cuba from increasing; Sept.
p. 72.
exports to Europe and Africa; Apr. p. 59.
exports to U. S., 1962-1963; Mar. p. 56.
exports to Yugoslavia; Mar, p. 56.
export validations to U. S.; Sept. p. 71, Oct.
pp. 61, 62, Dec. p. 97.
Italy:
Japanese product, prices paid for; May p. 54,
Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55.
sales improving; Oct. p. 59.
sales slow in June 1964; Sept. p. 72.
levy reduced by Japan Frozen Tuna Sales Com-
pany; June p. 45.
sales to U. S. continued slow, July-Aug. 1964;
Novy. p. 89.
Indian Ocean mothership confronted with labor dis-
pute at sea; Sept. p. 74.
Indian Ocean transshipment ports designated; Dec.
p. 99.
industry organizations seek to improve their man-
agement; May p. 57.
Italian-Japanese joint venture; May p. 54, Oct,
. 09.
icoudes fishing, decline in value; Sept. p. 73,
Nov. p. 90.
long-line catch, 1963; Dec. p. 99,
long-line crews, fishing company to fly replace-
ments for; Sept, p. 73.
to start fishery;
1964 Index
JAPAN (cont.)
Tuna (cont.):
long-line exploratory cruise in Eastern Tropical
Pacific aids U. S. shark study; July p. 61.
long-line industry in studied by Australian
mission; Apr. p. 50.
long-liners refuel at sea by tanker; Sept. p. 74.
Malaysian fishing base, shore facilities improved
at; Jan, p. 55,
mothership crew dismissed for disturbance
aboard; Oct. p. 67.
mothership regulations for two fishing companies
changed by Government; July p. 58.
New Caledonia:
Japanese to expand fishing base in; Jan, p, 64.
Noumea base, fishing firm withdraws from; Oct.
p. 73.
vessels, more, move to area; Apr, p, 61.
North Pacific offshore fishery, new; June p. 46,
offshore fishery, new, number of small vessels to
fish in; Mar, p, 62.
overseas base council under study, establishment
of; Sept. p. 72.
overseas base operators urged by Government to
organize; June p. 46.
overseas bases, regulations revised for; June
p. 45,
Pacific:
eastern area resources to be surveyed by re-
search vessel; Nov. p. 89.
equatorial fishing trends, Nov. 1963; Feb. p. 73.
mothership operations in south; June p. 47, Aug.
p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p. 66, Dec. p. 98.
mothership returns from eastern area; May
p. 58,
purse-seining experiment unsuccessful in south;
July p. 59.
Penang bases operate at a loss; Aug. p. 69,
portable-boat mothership fishery; June p, 46.
purse seiners on trial runs, two new; Oct. p, 67.
research council to be formed; Oct. p. 66,
resource management problems confronting fish-
ing industry, study of; Nov, p. 90,
Ryukyu Government seeks changes in fisheries
agreement with ; Dec, p. 111.
Saint Martin, Netherlands West Indies, base;
May p. 69, Aug. p. 81.
skipjack:
Marianas, good fishing near; June p, 46.
Philippines, test purse-seining proposed off;
May p. 61,
pole-and-line fishery being studied by major
fishing firms; Sept. p. 73.
specialty products exports, FY 1963; July p. 60,
Tahiti and Fiji, motherships sail for; June p, 46.
Tahitian waters, mothership departs for; July
p. 59,
transshipment base at Port Louis, Mauritius Is-
land; Mar, p. 64.
U.S.S.R., Japanese shipyard launches first of five
factory-motherships ordered by; May p. 61.
vessels recover driftwood released by them; Nov.
p. 91.
vessel refueling at sea; May p. 63, July p. 59.
vessels, efficiency study of; May p. 63.
vessels, fishing, small, Government stops appli-
cations for permits to construct; Feb. p. 73.
West African Coast, negotiates with Portu-
guese firm for base Off; Sept. p. 72.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35
JAPAN
Tuna:
yellowfin:
export market trends; Apr. p. 59.
export prices; Nov. p. 89,
Yugoslav market to be surveyed by ; Oct.
p. 81, rere
Turtles, two new firms established in Costa Rica
may have Japanese participation to fish for; Dec,
p. 90,
U.S.S.R.- fisheries conference opened in Mos-
cow on Mar, 2, 1964; May p. 43.
U.S, fishery a ache program in
U. S. imports of fishery products from
Feb, p. 56,
U. S. law on fishing in territorial waters, Japanese
reaction to; Aug. p. 73.
United States visited by fishery observers; Sept.
p. 37.
Vessel exports, South Korea asks
Sept. p. 74.
Vessel, research, Fisheries Agency to build large;
Nov. p. 98.
Vessels, fishing:
construction loan program; May p, 64, June p, 48.
construction permits; Feb. p. 73, Mar. pp. 62, 63,
May p. 64, June p. 48, July p. 65, Sept. p. 78, Nov.
p. 97.
high speed engines recommended; Mar, p, 63,
Vessels, Soviet, being built in ; Apr. p. 73..
West Africa, fishery developments in; Apr, p. 61.
Whale meat:
Chilean-Japanese sales agreement approved; Nov,
p. 97.
production, 1962/63 season; Mar, p, 61.
Whale « 11:
baleen sales by whaling firms; Mar, p, 61.
export targets; June p. 46,
production, 1962/63 season; Mar, p, 61.
Whalers, Japanese, begin operations for Chilean
firm; June p, 38,
Whaling:
Antarctic:
catch and products produced, 1963/64; Sept, p.80.
fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar. p, 38,
fleet operations; May p. 62.
fleets look for better oil market in 1963/64; Jan,
p. 60,
industry trends; May p. 62.
production targets and composition of 1963/64
fleets; Jan p, 59.
Brazil:
consolidation of operations being studied by two
fishing firms; Apr. p. 62.
joint enterprise to continue operations; June p.37.
operations; May p. 62, Oct. p. 52,
catcher vessels off Chile, licenses issued to oper-
ate two; Mar, p. 62,
Ecuadoran operation; May p, 62.
foreign-based operations studied, establishment
of; Mar, p. 61,
Mexican-Japanese joint venture proposed; Nov.
p. 102.
Netherlands factoryship, purchase of; Apr. pp. 62,
66, Aug. p. 76, Oct. pp. 72, 73.
South America bases to be surveyed by
whaling firm; Apr, p. 62.
South Georgia Island base, fishing company plans
to close; May p. 63,
; Nov. p. 29.
, 1962;
to liberalize;
36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
JAPAN (cont.)
Yellowtail, frozen, firm files application to import
from Mexico; May p. 63.
JORDAN
Landings, fishery, drop in 1963; May p. 65.
KELP
Mexican Baja California fishery; June p. 50.
Food additive regulation, new, concerning as
a source of iodine in foods for special dietary use;
duly p. 81.
Japan-U.5S.5S.R.
Oct. p. 72.
fishery agreement; July p.67,
KEY WEST-TORTUGAS
Shrimp gear studies continued on by M/V
"George M. Bowers"; Apr. p. 18.
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
FAO to build fishery training center in
p. 71.
Fishery loans, private, Government guarantees
payment of three; Jan. p. 61.
Fisheries trends, third quarter 1964; Dec. p.104.
Fish market center, new, dedicated at Pusan; Jan.
p. 62,
Japan allots US$1 million for imports from 5
July p. 67.
Japanese-Korean fisheries conference; May p. 65,
Dec. p. 104,
Kuroshio Current, to participate in interna-
tional study of; Dec. p. 104.
Shrimp farming; Dec. p. 104.
Tuna vessel launched; June p. 49.
Tuna vessels, negotiations for additional; Sept.p.82.
Vessel, freezer, launched at Netherlands shipyard
for ; Nov. p. 98.
Vessels, fishing:
factoryship, British freezing equipment ordered
for; Apr. p. 76.
Italian-French contract modified to build; Apr.
p. 62. 4
specifications of fleet ordered from France; Dec,
p. 105.
; Nov.
KUROSHIO CURRENT
International investigation planned of Japanese g
Feb, p. 65.
KUWAIT
Shrimp:
Mexico builds vessels for fishery; Aug. p.76.
Norwegian shipyards to build vessels for 8
July p. 72.
LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF
Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Division:
shellfish processing industry to be surveyed again;
Mar, p. 77.
wage discrimination on account of sex, new reg-
ulations prohibit; Aug. p. 97.
LAKE ERIE
Fisheries explorations, May-Nov. 1960; Apr. p. 1.
Ohio commercial fishery landings 1963; July p. 27.
Shellfish in may have commercial value;
Jan. p. 28.
1964 Index
LAKE ERIE
Smelt trawling explorations in » May-Nov, 1960;
Apr. p. 1.
Yellow perch landings in down sharply in 1964;
Nov. p. 33.
Yellow pike commercial landings increase predicted;
Mar. p. 34.
LAKE HERRING (also see HERRING)
Lake Superior, eastern, trawl and lampara seine
tested by R/V ''Kaho"' for catching in; Feb.
p. 20.
LAKE HURON
Research station, new, on ; Aug. p. 58.
LAKE MICHIGAN
Alewife and chub stocks in , seasonal distribu-
tion and abundance studies continued; June p. 15,
Aug. p. 23.
Alewife, chub, and yellow perch, seasonal distribu-
tion and abundance studies of; Nov. p. 33, Dec. p.40.
Chub depth distribution studies in continued;
Jan, p. 11.
Lamprey, sea:
chemical treatment of streams in being con-
tinued; Sept. p. 53.
control in and Lake Superior; Aug. p. 28.
Lampricide treatment of streams tributary to 3
Dec. p. 42.
Trawling investigations in northern and Green
Bay continued by R/V ''Kaho''; Feb. p. 17.
Trawling investigations in southern by M/V.
"Kaho"; May p. 18.
Water research contract awarded by U. S. Public
Health Service; Apr. p. 17.
LAKE SUPERIOR
Area Redevelopment Administration technical assist-
ance project, commercial fishing industry to be
aided by; May p. 78.
Lake herring, trawl and lampara seine tested in
eastern for catching; Feb. p. 20.
Lake trout:
distribution of spawning fish in
tinued on; Jan. p. 11.
fishing trends; Apr. p. 45.
increase in size and abundance of marketable fish
in 1963; Sept. p. 53.
population in improved; Feb. p. 63.
Lamprey, sea, control in and Lake Michigan;
Aug. p. 28.
Schedule of fishery explorations in by M/V
"Kaho!"; Sept. p. 20. bog ¥
Trawling of commercial species in , studies
continued by M/V ''Kaho" on; Aug. p. 25, Nov.
p. 30.
Whitefish spawning survey in western by
"Siscowet'; Mar. p. 17.
, Studies con-
LAKE TROUT
Canadian fishery resources at Great Bear Lake
surveyed; Mar. p. 47.
Great Lakes Fishery Commission, rehabilitation
program discussed at interim meeting of; Feb.
p. 63.
Great Lakes hatchery and planting program; Apr.
p. 17.
Lake Superior:
distribution studies continued; Jan. p. 11.
1964 Index
LAKE TROUT (cont.)
Lake Superior (cont.):
fishing trends; Apr. p. 45.
hatchery-reared planted in 1963, increased
number of; Sept. p. 53,
marketable in 1963, increase in size and
abundance of; Sept. p. 53.
Michigan:
stocking program continued in fall 1963; Jan, p.20.
stocks increase due to research; Feb, p. 35.
LAMPREY, SEA
Great Lakes:
control in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan; Aug.
p. 28.
control of ; Feb. p. 62, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p.21.
larger catch in early 1964 than previous years;
Sept. p. 21.
Great Lakes Fishery Commission:
control program discussed at meeting of; Feb,
p. 62.
eradication discussed at Ottawa meeting; Feb. p.62.
Lake Huron streams located for possible future
chemical treatment; Sept. p. 52.
Lake Michigan:
chemical treatment of streams continued; Sept.
- p. 53,
lampricide treatment of tributary streams; Dec.p.42.
Lake Superior barrier catches continued low in
1963; Sept. p. 52.
LAMPRICIDE
Lake Michigan, treatment with
tributary to; Dec, p. 42.
of streams
LANDINGS
Great Lakes fisheries , 1962; Feb, p. 17.
Hawaiian commercial fishery , July-June
1962/63 and 1961/62; Feb. p. 29.
New England fisheries, 1962; Jan. p. 21.
U. S. commercial fishery ; Jan, p. 31, Apr.
p. 33, Oct. p. 38, Nov. p. 58, Dec. p. 63.
LATIN AMERICA
Fish processing equipment, Canadian trade mis-
sion explores market for; May p. 47.
LATVIA
Salmon farming in ; Apr. p. 74,
LAW OF THE SEA
Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention:
Dominican Republic ratifies; Nov. p. 70.
enters into force; Oct. p. 49.
Third International Conference recommended by
American Bar Association group; Dec. p. 39.
LIBERIA
Fishing company, new, expected to increase land-
ings and consumption; Jan, p. 63,
Fishing industry undergoing modern expansion;
Sept. p. 82.
Freezing broadens market for fish; Jan. p.62.
LICENSE(S)
Australian fisheries,
July p. 45.
regulations affecting;
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37
LIPIDS
Fish meal, improved rapid method for determining
total in; July p. 1.
LIQUID NITROGEN
Freeze fish, use of to; Nov, p. 30.
LOAN(S)
Korean Republic guarantees payment of three ;
Jan, p. 61.
Moroccan government, canned sardine receive
renewed partial guarantee from; Nov. p. 103.
NFI Convention, aid to U, S, fishing industry pro-
posed at; June p. 19.
Portugal's fund to renovate fishing fleet;
June p. 57,
Small Business Administration:
disaster for hurricane-damaged areas; Dec.
p. 125.
disaster to Alaska firms in earthquake area;
Aug. p. 97.
New England commercial fisheries, to firms
in; Oct. p. 86, Dec. p. 125.
United Kingdom fishery interest rates revised;
Jan, p. 71, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 75.
LOBSTER(S)
Canada's North Atlantic industry; Mar, p. 43.
Iceland:
exports increased; Nov, p. 88.
new type product available; Nov. p. 88.
Maine resource,:supply, sustained yield, and manage-
ment of; Nov. Suppl. p. 19
Spiny:
air shipment of anesthetized live
by Australian exporters; May p. 46. _
Australia:
catch increases in fiscal year 1962/63; Sept.p.57.
tagging project; July p. 46.
Brazil, landings and export trends in; Feb, p. 67.
Costa Rica's fishery; Dec. p. 90.
Ecuador's industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 66.
Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50.
New Zealand, small size exports banned in; May
p. 69.
Nicaragua fishing regulations established; Feb.
p. 77.
Panama:
exploratory fishing project concluded; Feb. p78.
fishery trends; Sept. p. 89.
South Africa fishing regulations amended; Sept.
p. 93.
Tagging, population studies aided by new method of;
Oct. p. 28.
considered
LONG ISLAND
Striped bass tag returns sought from
program; Feb. p. 51.
marking
LOUISIANA
Crab fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38
Fish kills investigated by Public Health Service;
Jan, p. 74, Sept. p. 18.
Landings, fishery, 1963; Nov. p. 37.
Menhaden fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 39.
Oyster fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38.
Shrimp fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 37.
38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
LUXEMBOURG- BELGIUM
European Economic Community, tariff quotas on
some fishery products granted by; Apr. p. 40.
MACKEREL
Canned:
Dominican Republic prices reduced on salmon
style; Mar. p. 53.
Japanese exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57.
Philippine award; Jan. p. 68.
Landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 64.
South Africa Republic fishery, 1963; May p. 72.
Swimming behavior studied at Honolulu laboratory;
Nov. p. 25.
MAINE
Bloodworm production in ; Aug. p. 7.
Fish meal:
raw material for industrial fishery products
scarce in ; Sept. p. 26.
trends in use; Feb, p. 30.
Herring landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 64.
Lobster resource, supply, sustained yield, and
management of; Nov. Suppl. p. 19.
Marine laboratory, University of
tablish; July p. 25.
Marine worm changes in abundance associated with
seawater temperature fluctuations; Aug. p. 7.
Ocean perch landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 63.
Rockland Harbor, ARA technical assistance proj-
ect to study proposed deep-water port facility
at; Oct. p. 82.
Salmon, Atlantic, restoration program and experi-
mental fish culture studies; Apr. p. 30.
Sardines:
canned:
National Boy Scout Jamboree, served at; Sept.
p. 28.
pack, 1963; Feb. p. 43.
stocks; Jan. p. 20, Mar. p. 22, July p. 19, Sept.
p. 27, Oct. p. 29.
World's Fair display; Tune p. 19.
canning season opens; June p. 18.
Shellfish sanitation, conducts research on;
Oct. p. 37.
may es-
MALAYA, FEDERATION OF
(see MALAYSIA)
MALAYSIA
Carp, grass, from to fight water vegetation
in United States ponds; Dec. p. 26.
Fisheries trends, third quarter 1963; Feb. p. 76.
Fish imports from , Thailand requests lift-
ing of ban on; Jan. p. 70.
Sardines, canned, market trends for imported;
Feb. p. 75.
Tuna bases, Japanese, in
Aug. p. 69.
Tuna fishing base, Japanese shore facilities im-
proved at; Jan. p. 59.
operate at a loss;
MAMMALS, MARINE
Fur seals, modified tagging techniques suggested
to prevent excess mortality of; Aug. p. 22.
MANATEE
Aquatic weeds, use of
Dec. p. 106.
to control; Oct. p.107,
1964 Index
MARIANA ISLANDS
Tuna, skipjack, fishing good near ; June p.46,
MARINE RESOURCES
FAO Advisory Committee on
Apr. p. 42.
FAO Director-General urges plans for exploration
of ; Apr. p. 43.
meets in Rome;
MARINE WILDLIFE
Salt water conversion by ; Mar. p. 75.
MARINE WORM
Abundance changes associated with seawater tem-
perature fluctuations; Aug. p. 7.
MARKETING
Danish promotion of fish in U. S.; June p. 40.
Edible fishery products prospects; Jan. p.20,
Apr. p. 21, July p. 20, Oct. p. 29.
Japanese frozen fish, national program established
to promote sales of; July p. 65.
Tuna, canned, industry presents award to Interior
Department for assistance; July p. 34.
United Kingdom fish information service intro-
duced by White Fish Authority; Aug. p. 86.
MARLIN
Blue spawning grounds sought by University
of Miami research vessel; Sept. p. 28.
Larval specimens collected in South Atlantic; Nov.
p. 48.
Tagging program in eastern Pacific; Sept. p. 41.
MARYLAND
Area Redevelopment Administration:
clam research project to be continued; Oct. p. 83.
industrial loan to pet food firm approved; July
p. 81,
Chesapeake Bay ''fish-kill' controls established;
Aug. p. 33.
Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p.17.
Clam, surf, survey off and Virginia; Nov.
p. 41.
Oysters:
observations for 1964; Oct. p. 34.
spawning and setting in 1963, studies indicate
favorable conditions for; Feb. p. 33.
MASSACHUSETTS
Fishery technology school, University of
establish; July p. 25.
Fish meal in Maine and
p. 30.
Fish stick plant to be established by Norwegians in
New Bedford; Apr. p. 67.
Flounder, blackback, tagging program off 5
Aug. p. 34,
Ocean perch landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 63.
may
, trends in use of; Feb.
MATERIALS 1
Fishing , review of discussions at World Fish-
ing Gear Congress on; May p. 1.
MAURITANIA
Fisheries treaty, 50-year, signed by
Spain; July p. 67.
with
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39
MAURITIUS ISLAND MEXICO
Tuna transshipment base, Japanese, at Port Louis;
Mar, p. 64,
MENHADEN
Catches north of Chesapeake Bay decline; Nov. p.36,
Gulf off-season population survey; Feb. p. 26.
Gulf of Mexico investigations continued; Apr, p. 17,
May p. 21, July p. 13.
Landings, U. S., Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 63.
Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 39,
Oil, uses for; Nov. p. 14,
MEXICO
Abalone fishery in Baja California; June p. 50.
Aquatic weeds in lakes, use of manatee to control;
Dec, p. 106,
Cannery, new fish, Spanish businessmen to finance
construction of; Dec. p. 106, i
Canning industry center at Ensenada, Baja Califor-
nia; June p. 49.
Clam, Pismo, fishery in Baja California; June p.50.
Cod-oil import tariff reduced; Nov. p. 98.
Cuban fishing vessels inspected for hoof and mouth
disease; Jan. p. 64.
Ensenada fishing industry; June p, 49,
Exports of fishery products, 1963; Nov. p. 99,
Fisheries College at Ensenada, Baja California;
June p. 51,
Fisheries industries, large-scale expansion planned
of; Apr. p. 63,
Fisheries trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100.
Fishery Attache, U. S.:
Croker, Richard S., arrives at new post in Mexico
City; Mar. p, 77.
program in 3 Nov. p. 29.
Fish meal imports up sharply, Jan.-Sept. 1963; Jan,
p. 64,
Foreign trade in fishery products, 1963; Nov. p.99,
Hake distribution and abundance off northern
and southern California studied by M/V ''John N,
Cobb"; June p. 21.
Imports of fishery products, 1963; Nov, p. 99.
Industrial fish trends, 1963; Nov. p. 101.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission,
joins; May p. 42.
Japanese fishing company executive expected to
visit ; Dec. p. 104,
Kelp fishery in Baja California; June p. 50.
Lobster, spiny, fishery in Baja California; June
p. 50,
Major fisheries other than shrimp, 1963; Nov,
p. 101,
Marine exhibit, first, a success; May p. 66,
North American Fisheries Conference of Commer-
cial Fishing Industries, participation by
scheduled in; Dec. p. 70,
Port, fishing, planned at Progreso, Yucatan; May
Port, "pilot" fishing, at Alvarado nears completion;
Sept. p. 84,
Sea turtle fishery in Sinaloa; Aug. p. 78,
Shark fishery at Teacapan, Sinaloa; Aug. p. 78,
Shrimp:
Campeche vessel owners suffer from lower
prices; Jan, p. 63,
fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100,
fishing seasons, opening of; Nov. p. 98.
French Guiana, vessels to fish for; June p, 51.
Shrimp:
Japanese propose joint venture with Guaymas fish-
ing cooperatives; May p. 65.
Kuwait, vessels built for; Aug. p. 76.
manning vessels with fishermen not members of
cooperatives; June p,. 52.
season for fishing, vessels leave Mazatlan to open;
Dec, p. 105.
vessel tie-up at Mazatlan, possible effects of; July
p. 68.
Sinaloa, secondary fisheries of; Aug. p. 77.
Sport fishery of Mazatlan; Aug. p. 77.
Tariff rates, new, for four categories of fishery
products; Nov. p. 98.
Tuna, bluefin, tagged off
Japan; Dec, p. 62.
U. S. imports of fishery products from
Feb, p. 56.
Vessels, fishing:
fleet at Ensenada, Baja California; June p. 51.
multiple-use type, first of five received from
Netherlands; Apr. p. 64,
training type, four, ordered by the Government;
Nov, p. 102,
Whaling venture in
Mexican; Nov, p. 102.
Yellowtail, frozen, Japanese firm files application
to import from ; May p. 63,
is recaptured near
, 1962;
proposed, joint Japanese-
MIAMI, UNIVERSITY OF
Equatorial Atlantic oceanographic investigations, re-
search vessel of returns from; Sept. p, 34,
Vessels, research, not subject to union rules; Aug.
p. 35,
MICHIGAN
Lake trout:
stocks increase due to research; Feb. p. 35.
stocking program continued in fall 1963; Jan, p.20.
Sport fish survey in Great Lakes waters; July p. 20.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES
Clam, soft, sanitation quality study in area;
Oct. p. 23.
Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963; May
p. 34.
MIGRATION
Salmon, Columbia River, marking program reveals
patterns of; Oct. p. 35.
MILFOIL
Conference on control; May p. 30.
MINNESOTA
Fish-processing establishments, regulations for;
July p. 20.
MISSISSIPPI
Gulf Coast state research laboratory in re-
ceives grants; Aug, p. 34,
Shrimp catch from Sound analyzed; May p.25,
Aug. p. 34,
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Landings, fishery, of the
May p. 25,
Pesticide endrin blamed in
drainage area, 1962;
fish kill; Sept. p.37.
40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
MISSOURI
Fisheries, commercial, catch in 1963; May p. 26.
MOROCCO
Canned fish exports, June-Sept. 1962-63; Feb. p. 76.
Fisheries trends; Jan, p. 64, July p. 68.
Sardines:
canned:
loans receive renewed partial guarantee from
Government; Nov. p. 103.
market trends and exports; Jan. p. 64, Mar. p.64,
Apr. p. 65.
industry development project; May p. 68.
Tangier fish market sales, 1963; July p. 69.
Tuna:
cannery, new, being built in Tangier; Apr. p. 65.
French- joint fishing exploration planned;
Nov. p. 102.
industry development project; May p. 68.
Vessel, fishing, construction in Norway for 5
June p. 52.
MSX DISEASE
Oyster resistance to studied with funds ad-
ministered by U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish-
eries; Nov. p. 52.
MULLET
Hatching, artificial, of in Taiwan; Mar. p. 70.
MUSSELS
Freshwater , Japanese produce commercial
quality pearls from; Jan. p. 59.
NARRAGANSETT BAY
Quahog research by University of Rhode Island;
Sept. p. 17.
NARWHAL (WHALES)
Longtoothed found in’Canada's far north; Mar.
p. 47.
NATIONAL BOY SCOUT JAMBOREE
Maine canned sardines served at 3 Sept. p.28.
NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM
Aquatic specimens to be donated; May p. 26.
Architects selected to draw plans; May p. 27.
Design program being prepared; July p. 21.
Dolphins, trained, will be featured; Apr. p. 22.
Plans, new, approved; Dec. p. 48.
Preview of ; Mar. outside back cover,
Research facilities to be extensive; July p. 21.
NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE
Aid to United States fishing industry proposed at
Convention; June p. 19.
North American Fisheries Conference of Commer-
cial Fishing Industries, participation by
scheduled; Dec. p. 70.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
Oceanographic research training grants, graduate,
University of Rhode Island receives funds for;
July p. 25.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Gulf Coast State Research Laboratory, grants given
by to; Aug. p. 34.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Sea floor studies, grants awarded by to Uni-
versity of Miami for; Aug, p. 36.
Trawling results of the R/V ‘Anton Bruun" in the
Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea; Nov. Suppl.
p. 27.
NATIONAL SHELLFISH SANITATION WORKSHOP
Fifth to be held Nov. 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36.
NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
Gulf of Mexico, Coast Guard hearings on lights and
fog signals on offshore platforms in the; May p.79.
NAVY, U.S.
Oceanographic research vessel, new, ''Silas Bent!
launched; Oct. p. 32.
Research vessel, new, ''Thomas G, Thompson!
launched for ; Oct. p. 32.
NETHERLANDS
Atlantic Ocean, northeast, and European fishery
policies, views of on; Feb. p. 76.
Auction facility for fish at Scheveningen, modern;
Dec. p. 106.
Exports of fishery products, 1963; Apr. p. 66.
Fisheries exhibition, international, planned for
Scheveningen; Mar. p. 38.
Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 66.
Fishing industry reorganization proposed; Sept, p.85.
Fish meal prices, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 79.
Marine-animal oil:
foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 81.
industry trends, 1963; July p. 69.
production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63 and
1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49.
supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons;
Aug. p. 79. ;
Offshore fishing, experimental, to continue; June
p. 52.
Oyster industry declines; Feb. p. 77.
Trawler ''Tinie Cornelia,'' new; July p. 69.
Vessels:
factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by
Newfoundland (Canada) firm from ship-
yard; July p. 49.
factoryship under construction in for Korean
interests, British freezing equipment ordered for;
Apr. p. 76.
freezer type for North Korea launched at
shipyard; Nov. p. 98.
multiple-use type, Mexico receives first of five;
Apr. p, 64.
Whaling:
Antarctic results in 1963/64 season; Mar. p. 65,
July p. 69.
catcher vessels, two,sold to Norway; Oct. p. 73.
factoryship offered for sale to Japan; Apr. p. 66.
factoryship sold to Japan; Oct. p. 73.
fleet composition of 1963/64 Antarctic season;
Mar. p. 38.
Japanese Fisheries Agency authorizes purchase of
factoryship; Oct. p. 72.
Japanese may purchase factoryship; Aug.
p. 76.
Japan postpones decision on sale offer of
factoryship; Apr. p. 62.
1964 Index
NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES
Tuna:
ice vessels, six, assigned by Japanese firm to
St. Martin base; Aug. p. 81.
Japanese base at St. Martin; May p. 69.
St. Martin base, transshipment quota for; May
p. 69.
NETS
Monofilament and multifilament gill , com-
parison of salmon catches in; Oct, p. 1.
NEW CALEDONIA
Tuna:
Japanese fishing firm withdraws from base at
Noumea; Oct. p. 73.
Japanese to expand fishing base; Jan. p. 64.
Japanese vessels, more, move to area of
South Pacific; Apr. p. 61.
NEW ENGLAND
Bottomfish and scallop landings in 1963 and fore-
cast for 1964; Feb. p. 36.
Fisheries, 1962; Jan. p. 21.
Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963; May
p. 34.
SBA loans to commercial fisheries firms in July
1964; Oct. p. 86.
Soviet fishing fleet off ; June p, 59,
Transportation rate increase sought by truckers;
Feb. p. 51.
Vessels, fishing, use basket in rigging as signal for
right of way; July p. 23.
NEW JERSEY
Menhaden fishing fleet moves into more productive
Chesapeake Bay area; Nov. p. 36.
NEW YORK
Inspection for fish, accepts USDI; Apr. p. 30.
Shellfish reclamation project; Oct. p. 37.
Wholesale Fulton Fish Market (New York City)
relocation recommended; Nov, p. 40,
NEW ZEALAND
Bottomfish:
Japanese fishing off ; May p. 60,
Japanese plan long-line fishery off
p. 63,
Japanese seek licensing of operations off 5
Nov. p. 95.
Japanese trawlers in waters, longer trip
doubles catch for; Nov. p. 95.
Exploratory fishing and marine research; Apr.
p. 66,
Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of;
Mar, p. 61,
Lobster, spiny, small, exports banned; May p. 69.
Sea bream, long-line, fishery operators off 5
Japanese council formed of; Dec. p. 103,
Sperm whaling off promising in early 1964;
Sept. p. 85.
Stern trawlers, small, trend to; Oct. p. 74.
Tuna, bluefin, explorations off south coast; Oct.
p. 73.
; Mar.
NICARAGUA
Lobster, spiny, fishing regulations established;
Feb, p. 77.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41
NICARAGUA
Shrimp processing at El Bluff, U. S. fisheries firm
begins; Jan. p. 65.
NIGERIA
Shrimp resources promising; Sept. p. 86.
NORDIC COUNTRIES
Ninth Nordic Fisheries Conference held; Sept. p. 54.
NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE
Commercial fishing industries to hold first ;
Dec. p. 70.
NORTH ATLANTIC
Fishery products, more, used in U, S, in 1963; May
p. 34,
Soviet fishing vessels return to New England waters;
July p. 23.
NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND
GEAR RESEARCH
Clam, surf, survey continued; Nov. p. 41.
Electrical fishing gear in operation observed by
television (M/V 'Delaware''); Sept. p. 30, Nov.
p. 43,
Electrical trawling tests continued; Jan. p. 21, June
p. 20.
Ocean perch gilling by trawl nets studied (M/V ''Del-
aware" cruise 64-1); June p. 19.
Trawling, off-bottom, as against conventional trawl-
ing, experiments on (M/V ''Delaware"' cruise 64-8);
Dec. p. 50.
Tuna and swordfish distribution studies in North At-
lantic continued; Feb. p. 37, June p. 20, Sept. p.28.
Whiting escapement study (M/V "Delaware"’ cruise
64-5); Nov. p. 42.
NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS
Continental Shelf waters surveyed (M/V ''Albatross
IV" cruise 64-11); Nov. p. 46.
Flounder, blackback, tagging program; June p. 21,
Aug. p. 34, Oct. p. 30.
Georges Bank northern edge surveyed (M/V "'Alba-
tross IV,'' cruise 64-6); July p. 23.
Groundfish distribution and abundance studies con-
tinued; Feb. p. 36, Apr. p. 23, Nov. p. 44.
Gulf of Maine hydrographic-plankton survey (M/V
"Albatross IV'' cruise 64-2); May p, 28.
Haddock:
collections for experimental purposes (M/V "'Al-
batross IV" cruise 64-4); June p, 21.
spawning and maturity investigated (M/V ''Alba-
tross IV" cruise 64-3); June p. 21.
Instruments, oceanic, return requested of unmarked;
Aug. p. 35,
Observations during Aug. 1964 cruise by M/V "'Al-
batross IV" (cruise 64-10); Nov. p. 46.
Ocean perch, tagged, off Maine, annual check of;
Sept. p. 35.
Scallop, sea, population survey on Georges Bank
continued; Aug. p. 34, Dec. p. 51,
Whiting escapement study by M/V ''Delaware"'; Nov.
p. 42,
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
Observations during Aug. 1964 cruise by M/V "'Al-
batross IV"; Nov. p. 46.
42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
NORTH CAROLINA
Fisheries potential survey by ARA in Carteret
County; July p. 81.
Trawling, exploratory, off ; July p. 31.
NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION
Second meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52.
NORTH PACIFIC
Groundfish resources, Canadian scientists study;
Mar. p. 46.
Halibut:
fishing ended Noy. 30, 1963; Feb. p. 64.
fishing in area 3A ended Aug. 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46.
landings, 1964 season to July 20, 1964; Sept. p.24.
Japan:
distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar.p.61.
shrimp stern trawler cannery built; Sept. p. 77.
trawlers licensed to fish eastern ; May p.958.
Salmon:
Aleutians, western, migration studies off; Oct.
p. 36.
Japan:
catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75.
mothership catch reported poor; Sept. p. 75.
prices adjusted for mothership fish; Oct. p. 69.
Shellfish industry affected by recent disasters; Oct.
p. 37.
Soviet factoryship for near completion, con-
struction of; Nov. p. 114.
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA-
TIONAL
Halibut quota for triangle area recommended; Jan,
p. 41.
Statement by U. S. Delegation Chairman at Sept.
Conference in Tokyo; Feb. p. 64,
Tenth annual meeting held in Vancouver; Jan. p. 40,
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION, INTER-
NATIONAL
Japanese fishing industry position on negotiations;
Nov. p. 67.
Japanese press reaction to talks; Nov. p. 68.
Meeting in Ottawa, Sept. 9, 1964, parties to the
will seek agreement at; Sept. p. 55.
President Johnson comments on negotiations of
parties to the ; Nov. p. 67.
Renegotiation talks in Ottawa end; Dec. p. 79.
Talks in Ottawa, Sept. 9, 1964, parties to
sumed; Nov. p. 67.
re-
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND
GEAR DEVELOPMENT
Bottomfish trawling survey off Washington coast
(M/V "John N. Cobb'' cruise 65); Sept. p. 31.
Demersal fish off southern Washington surveyed by
M/V "John N. Cobb"; July p. 23.
Experimental fishing with "Cobb'' pelagic trawl
(M/V "'St. Michael” cruise 2); Nov. p. 47.
Hake:
distribution and abundance explored (M/V ''John
N. Cobb'' cruise 67); Oct. p. 30, Dec. p. 52.
distribution and abundance of adult fish off south-
ern California and northern Mexico studied
(M/V "John N, Cobb" cruise 64); June p. 21.
Marine fauna, deep-water, off mouth of Columbia
River, survey continued of (M/V ''Commando"
cruise 11); Jan, p. 23, Apr. p. 25, Nov. p. 46.
1964 Index
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND
GEAR DEVELOPMENT
Pelagic trawl:
development program (M/V "St. Michael" cruise
3); Oct. p. 31.
effectiveness in catching winter herring (M/V
"Yaquina"' cruise 1); Jan. p. 22.
multipurpose type tested (M/V "St. Michael!'
cruise 3); Dec. p. 54.
Scallop resources off coast of Oregon surveyed
(M/V "John N. Cobb'' cruise 62); Jan. p. 22.
Shrimp trawl fish-catching efficiency compared with
that of eastern otter-trawl (M/V ''Commando"
cruise 11); Nov. p. 46.
Tuna, albacore, abundance and distribution survey
(M/V "John N. Cobb"' cruise 66); Sept. p. 32, Dec.
p. 51.
NORTH PACIFIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS
Salmon:
research in North Pacific, Canada-United States
("George B. Kelez'' Jan.-Mar. 1964); Mar. p. 22.
winter distribution and tagging by M/V "George
B. Kelez"; July p. 30.
NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL COMMISSION
Convenes in Moscow for annual meeting; Apr. p. 48.
Japan ratifies protocol amending interim conven-
tion; July p. 42.
Protocol amending interim convention ratified by
United States; May p. 44.
Soviet Union ratifies protocol amending interim con-
vention; June p. 35.
NORTH SEA
Oil explorations in , British discuss danger to
fisheries from; Oct. p. 80.
NORTHWEST AFRICA
Polish trawling operations off ; Mar. p. 66.
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC
Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of;
Mar, p. 61.
Japanese firm to continue exploratory trawling; Nov.
p. 95.
Japanese firm withdraws trawler factoryship from
; Dec. p. 101.
Japan plans licensing more vessels to operate in
; May p. 63.
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION-
AL COMMISSION FOR THE
Accomplishments and outlook; Dec. p. 77.
Annual meeting, 14th, held at Hamburg; Aug. p. 49.
Cod and haddock fisheries in Northwest Atlantic,
status discussed at meeting; Aug. p. 50.
Salmon, Atlantic, fishery; Dec. p. 82.
Seals, harp and hood, proposed amendment for juris-
diction by over; Mar, p. 46.
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION-
AL CONVENTION FOR THE
Japan to join ; July p. 64, Nov. p. 95.
Harp and hood seals:
Canada ratifies Protocol amendment concerning;
May p. 43.
Iceland ratifies Protocol amendment concerning;
June p. 35,
1964 Index
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION-
AL CONVENTION FOR THE (cont,)
Seals, harp and hood (cont.):
protocol amendment ratified by Denmark and
France; Dec. p. 79.
Soviet Union ratifies protocol amendment con-
cerning; July p. 42,
NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES, INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION FOR THE
Japan-U.5S.5S.R.:
fisheries conference opened in Moscow on Mar, 2,
1964; May p, 43.
eighth annual conference, progress on; June p, 35.
NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTION FOR THE
Japan-U,.5.5S.R.:
salmon and king crab quotas and fisheries regu-
lations, negotiations concluded on; July p. 42.
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
Canada's fishery resources surveyed; Mar. p. 47.
NORWAY
Canned fish exports:
annual data; May p. 69, June p. 53,
current data; Jan. p, 66, Feb. p. 78, Mar. p. 66,
Apr. p. 66, July p. 70, Sept. p. 86, Oct. p. 74,
Nov, p. 103.
Capelin fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p. 109.
Cod:
fishery trends, Mar.-Apr. 1964; June p. 52.
Lofoten fishery disappointing in 1964; Aug. p. 81.
Dogfish and basking shark:
agreement with Great Britain on fishing for; Dec.
p. 109,
fishing to be continued off Great Britain; Sept. p.88.
Echo-sounder, improved, offered by Norwegian
firm; Aug. p. 82.
Fisheries fair, international, to be held at Trond-
heim in 1965; Oct. p. 75.
Fisheries trends; May p.70, June pp.52,53, Sept.p.87.
Fishing limits:
discussions between
Sept. p. 49.
12-mile limit, modified, rejected; May p. 70.
Fish meal;
bulk, studies on handling in; Nov. p. 104.
production and exports; May p. 40, Oct. p. 44.
Fish stick plant to be established in New Bedford,
Mass.; Apr. p. 67.
Foreign landings, may relax banon; May p. 70.
Herring:
catch, 1964; Dec. p. 108.
fisheries trends, Mar, 1964; May p.70, June p.52.
fish meal quality control studies; Nov. p. 103.
fish meal uniformity, mixing equipment designed
to achieve; Nov, p. 104.
north coast, big run off; May p, 69.
prices; Dec, p. 109.
utilization; Dec. p. 108.
winter fishery, 1964; Dec, p. 108,
Indian Fisheries Institute, to participate in;
Sept. p. 87.
Indo-Norwegian fisheries development project con-
tinued; July p. 56.
Landings, fishery, and exports, 1963; Mar. p. 66.
Marine oils:
Antarctic whaling production, 1962/63 and 1963/64
season; Oct. p. 49.
and United Kingdom on;
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43
NORWAY
Marine oils:
exports of unrefined, 1960-1963; July p. 72.
imports, selected, 1963; July p. 72.
supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons; July
paws
Noise, gear, and engine, study of fish reaction to;
May p. 71.
Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended by
3 Sept. p. 55.
Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June p.39.
Polish fisheries freezing and transshipment base in
Haugesund in 1963; June p, 57.
Preservative for industrial fish, studies on nitrite
as; Nov. p. 104.
Price supports for fisheries; Sept. p. 87.
Purse seiners for Chile, shipyard building four; June
p. 54,
Salmon farming method developed in
attention in United Kingdom; Nov. p. 115,
Sealing expedition to the Antarctic; Sept. p. 88.
Seal Commission, Norwegian-Soviet, sixth session
held in Oslo; Feb, p. 65.
Seal, harp, in Northwest Atlantic,
in fishery for; Mar. p. 46,
Shrimp: :
Swedish-Norwegian fishing agreement; Feb. p, 84.
vessels for Kuwait, shipyards to build; July p. 72.
State-controlled fish processing company, proposed
refinancing of; Feb, p, 78.
Trawler, stern:
design produced by computer; Sept. p. 87.
factory-fishing type lands frozen processed catch
in England; July p. 70.
Norwegian-built, first, launched for Ghana; Aug.
. 65,
rat farming method developed in attracts
attention in United Kingdom; Nov, p. 115.
Vessel, fishing, construction for Ghana and Morocco;
June p. 52.
Whale oil:
Antarctic production, Feb, 8, 1964; Apr. p. 68.
Whaling:
fleet composition for 1963/64 Antarctic season;
Mar, p. 38.
industry encouraged by higher oil prices; Jan, p.65.
industry trends; May p. 70, June p. 52.
Netherlands catcher vessels, acquires two;
Oct. p. 73,
withdrawal from Convention proposed again; Jan,
p. 67.
attracts
participates
NUTRITION
Animal
Dec. p. 47.
Animal and poultry , fish reduction products
use highly regarded in; May p. 23.
Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of, composition and
nutritive value of fishery products research pro-
gram; Mar, p, 23.
Fishery products reaffirmed as nutritious and
healthful; Sept. p. 32.
Industrial fishery products use in poultry and ani-
mal highly regarded; May p. 23.
International Federation for the Progress of Food
first congress to be held in Paris; Apr. p. 45.
, views on use of fish meal and oil in;
OCEAN CATFISH
Greenland's fishery, 1963; Nov, p. 87.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
OCEANOGRAPHY
Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton,
Calif., to study estuarine areas of Asia and Cali-~
fornia; Feb. p. 40.
Atlantic Ocean:
Gulf of Maine hydrographic-plankton survey; May
p. 28,
Institute of Marine Science research vessel re-
turns from equatorial investigations; Sept. p. 34.
instrument, new, effective aid in ocean-bottom
studies in Northern area; Sept. p. 35,
international cooperative investigations of Equa-
lant III, plans for; Apr. p. 46.
larval specimens of tuna, swordfish, and marlin
collected in tropical area; Nov. p. 48.
"'Bathykymograph'’ measures speed and depth of
fishing net; Feb. p. 32.
Canada's vessel for
Aug. p. 58.
Caribbean Sea bottom under study; Jan. p. 28.
Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S., Indian Ocean in-
vestigations by research vessel ''Pioneer"'; Sept.
p. 33.
Coast Guard, U. S., cutter 'Ingham"' occupies ocean
weather station; Sept. p. 35.
Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of:
EQUALANT II, research vessel ''Geronimo" par-
ticipates in; Apr. p. 47.
research vessel ''Townsend Cromwell’ completes
successful maiden voyage; May p. 13.
Communist China Aquatic Products Society founded;
June p. 39.
Cromwell Current, "lost'’ part found of; Jan. p. 73.
Duke University acquires new research vessel; Jan.
p. 27.
Film:
color motion picture released; Mar. p. 17.
U. S. Navy produces one; Feb. p. 16.
Fish reaction to gear and engine noise studied in
Norway; May p. 71.
German Federal Republic research vessel, new;
Feb. p. 68, Aug. p. 63.
Gulf of Guinea:
fishery- studies by M/V ''Geronimo," re-
sults of; Nov. p. 57.
research vessel ''Geronimo'' makes new discover-
ries; July p. 24.
India:
research program under International Indian
Ocean Expedition; Aug. p. 52.
Indian Ocean:
explorations by the ''Atlantis II'' completed; Jan.
p. 26,
explorations by the ''Pioneer"; Mar. p. 23,
international expedition, research vessel ''Anton
Bruun" participation in; Sept. p. 16.
survey, Honolulu vessel finishes first phase of
(M/V "Anton Bruun" cruise 2); Jan. p. 25.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964;
July p. 44.
Interior, U. S. Department of, educational grants
for 1964 awarded by; May p. 28.
Japan:
unmanned
Feb, p. 75.
vessel, new (''Tansei Maru'') delivered; Apr. p. 62.
research commissioned;
stations to be set up off coast;
1964 Index
OCEANOGRAPHY
Marine bioacoustic research may aid commercial
fisheries; Apr. p. 28.
Marine biology, University of Miami receives new
research grants for studies in; July p. 26.
Marine science programs, two New England Univer-
sities may add; July p. 25.
Marine scientists drill into ocean floor; May p. 83.
Miami, University of:
billfish research cruise by research vessel of;
Sept. p. 28.
marine laboratory building, new, planned; July p.27.
vessels, research, not subject to union rules; Aug.
p. 35.
National Academy of Sciences, comments on in -
cluded in address by the late President Kennedy to;
Jan. p. 23.
Oceanic eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands studied
by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert''; Aug. p. 18.
Oceanographers:
employment outlook; Mar. p. 100.
exchange visits by United States and Soviet scien-
tists; Nov. p. 50.
Federal educational requirements; Nov. p. 116.
Pacific Ocean:
"black current’! or Kuroshio, international inves-
tigation planned of Japanese; Feb. p. 65, Dec,
. 104,
pan ehat of 14,000 feet discovered; Nov. p. 144,
observations in coastal waters by research vessel
"George B. Kelez'' in northeast area; July p. 24.
trade wind zone studies in central area by M/V
“Townsend Cromwell"; Mar. p. 32, July p. 10,
Aug. p. 17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27,
Dec. p. 34.
tuna, albacore, preseason oceanographic survey
in eastern temperate area; Aug. p. 41.
water sampling studies in central area; Aug. p. 35.
Platform with derrick, small portable marine work;
Nov. p. 50.
Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, marine biology pro-
gram of; Apr. p. 27.
Research training grants, graduate, University of
Rhode Island receives funds for; July p. 29.
"Rivers of Mud" at bottom of sea; Aug. p. 116.
Seabed and its underlying structure in Caribbean
Sea, giant ''echo-sounder'' maps; Dec, p. 54.
Sea floor studies, grants awarded University of
Miami for; Aug. p. 36.
Scientific Exploration of the Atlantic Shelf (SEAS),
Committee for the; Jan, p. 24.
Shrimp, pink, migrations and bottom currents off
Florida, seabed drifters released in study of;
Dec. p. 60.
Submarine, deep-diving, for Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institution; Apr. p. 25, Aug. p. 36.
“Townsend Cromwell" M/V commissioned as new
research vessel for U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries; Mar, p. 32.
U.S.S.R. underwater craft designed for Barents Sea
studies; July p. 76.
Vessels, research:
new one for biological research foundation; Apr.
. 27.
iGcokao gra her" launched; June p. 23.
"Silas Bent" launched; Oct. p. 32.
Thomas G, Thompson"! launched; Oct. p. 32.
"Trident'' completes first year of operation; Jan.
p. 27.
1964 Index
OCEANOGRAPHY (cont.)
Vessels, research (cont.):
"Yaquina'' commissioned by Oregon State Univer-
sity; Dec. p. 55.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's new re-
search laboratory dedicated; July p. 25.
OCEAN PERCH
Fillets, U. 5S. Tariff Commission hearings on ex-
clusion from tariff modification of; Feb. p. 91.
Maine:
growth rate studies; Sept. p. 35.
landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 63.
tagged , annual check of; Sept. p. 35.
Massachusetts landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec, p, 63.
North Pacific concentrations found during survey
by M/V "John N. Cobb"; July p. 23.
Quality of held in refrigerated sea water
tested; Mar. p. 24.
Recipe--Ocean perch German potato pancakes;
July p. 108.
Trawl nets, gilling by, studied; June p, 19.
OCTOPUS
Canada's fishery resources of far north surveyed;
Mar, p. 47.
OHIO
Lake Erie commercial fishery landings 1963; July
p. 27,
OIL EXPLORATIONS
United Kingdom discusses danger to fisheries from
in North Sea; Oct. p. 80.
OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL (also see FISH OIL)
Antarctic whale oil and sperm oil production,
1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49.
Canada's production, utilization, and foreign trade;
Aug. pp. 56, 57, Dec. p. 84.
Denmark's foreign trade in , 1962-1963; July
p. 52,
German Federal Republic's foreign trade in ;
1962-1963; Aug. p. 62.
Italy's foreign trade in , 1962-1963; Oct. p.60.
Japan:
foreign trade in edible and inedible
1963; Aug. p. 74.
supply and disposition, 1962-1963 and 1964 fore-
cast; Aug. p. 74.
Low-cost
Netherlands:
foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug, p. 81.
industry trends, 1963; July p. 69,
supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons;
Aug. p. 79.
Norway:
exports of unrefined , 1960-1963; July p.72.
imports of selected , 1963; July p. 72,
supply and disposition of , 1963 with com-
parisons; July p, 71.
Peru's supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964
forecast; Aug.p. 83.
South Africa Republic's production of
1963; Nov. p. 110.
United Kingdom:
imports of
utilization of
p. 81.
, 1962-
» L962-
, 1962-1963; Oct. p. 80.
in margarine, 1962-1963; Oct.
, small fish used to make; Nov. p.14.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 ¢
OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL
Whale, baleen:
Japan:
tarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80.
sales by whaling firms; Mar. p. 61.
OKINAWA (see RYUKYU ISLANDS)
OREGON
Federal funds allocated for fisheries program; Sept.
pe, 18.
Fish and wildlife kills being investigated by U. S.
Public Health Service; July p. 29.
Fish behavorial flume built on Grande Ronde River;
Sept. p. 38.
Fish disease study center opened; July p. 28.
Halibut and sole tagging and migration studies by
Fish Commission; Sept. p. 19.
Medical help, emergency, instructions for fishermen;
Nov. p. 58,
Oceanography:
"'Yaquina,'' research vessel, commissioned by State
University; Dec. p. 55.
Salmon:
Columbia River tributaries, survey in 1964 of
spawning spring chinook in selected; Dec. p. 37.
egg take in 1963 sets new record; Mar, p, 24,
escapement aided by brief industrial plant shut-
down at Willamette Falls; Oct. p. 33.
Metolius Hatchery closes and experimental hatch-
ery station opens; Nov, p. 51,
Northwest rivers receive record plants of silver
and spring chinook yearlings; June p, 25,
record release of silvers from State hatcheries;
July p. 27.
Sandy River runs, silver transplants may help re-
build; Dec. p. 56.
Willamette River, upper, massive program to in-
troduce fall chinook run in; Apr, p. 30.
Scallop resources off coast of surveyed; Jan,
p. 22.
Steelhead trout planted in Yamhill River; Aug. p. 36.
Tuna, albacore, exploratory cruise conducted by
Fish Commission; Sept. p. 42.
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
Fisheries Committee meeting; Jan, p. 40, Apr. p.48,
May p. 45, Sept. p. 56, Nov. p. 71.
Fishery technologists meeting; July p. 43, Dec. p.81.
Japanese Fisheries Agency studying measures to
cope with recommendations; Oct. p. 72,
Japan joins; Aug. p. 53.
Promotional materials on fish planned through
; Oct. p. 48.
Subsidies, fishing industry, position adopted on;
Oct. p. 48.
OTTER TRAWLS
Shrimp in Gulf of Mexico, U. S. utilization of,
1959-1961; Feb. p. 1.
OUTBOARD MOTORS
Fishing efficiency of traditional craft in six coun-
tries, increase; July p. 40.
OYSTERS
Australia proposes standards; Nov, p. 79.
Canada's British Columbia shucked production,
1963; Apr. p. 52.
46
OYSTERS (cont.)
Disease-resistant breeding stock; Sept. p. 36.
Disease resistant strains, development of; Nov. p.52.
Frozen, Japari's 1964 pack for export to U. 5.; Aug.
p. 74.
Gulf of Mexico growth experiments with suspended
; Mar. p. 20.
Harvest in spring months suggested; May p. 29.
Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38.
Maryland:
observations for 1964; Oct. p. 34.
spawning and setting in 1963, studies indicate
favorable conditions for; Feb. p. 33.
MSX disease, developments reported by scientists
on; Sept. p. 36.
Netherland's industry declines; Feb. p. 77.
Pearl, cultured, quality improved by use of anti-
biotic; Sept. p. 81.
Raft culture; Aug. p. 103.
Recipe--Maryland pan-fried; May p. 11.
South Africa industry requests quality specification;
Sept. p. 95.
South Carolina:
feeding, supplemental, experiments; Feb. p. 47.
studies, Jan.-Mar. 1964; May p. 33, Nov. p. 55.
Tray rack for the study of , design and oper-
ation of a; Dec, p. 21.
Virginia James River seed beds, light strike in
1964 in; Nov. p. 51.
PACIFIC COAST
Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May
p. 34,
U. S. commercial fisheries on
p. 35.
Whaling licenses on
; Nov. Suppl.
; June p. 64,
PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL
Halibut:
Bering Sea catch in Area 3B North Triangle,
Mar, 28, 1964; May p. 43.
fishing in Area 3A ended Aug. 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46.
fishing restrictions proposed; Aug, p. 49.
North Pacific fishing ended Nov. 30, 1963; Feb.
p. 64.
North Pacific regulations for 1964; May p. 43.
Regulations revised; Jan. p. 75.
Special meeting held in June 1964; July p. 42.
PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Bottomfish trawling survey off Washington coast
by M/V "John N. Cobb," cruise 65; Sept. p. 31.
Japanese fishery observers visit ; Sept. p. 37.
Midwater trawl tests successful in hake fish-
ery; Aug. p. 23.
Oceanographic observations in coastal waters by
"George B. Kelez''; July p. 24.
Salmon tagging project, high seas, in North Pacific
planned; July p. 30.
PACIFIC OCEAN
"Black current'' or Kuroshio, international inves-
tigation planned of; Feb. p. 65.
Eastern north , Japanese plan for 1964 trawl-
er operations in; Mar. p. 60.
Mountain of 14,000 feet discovered in
p. 144,
Oceanic eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands
studied; Aug. p. 18.
; Nov.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
1964 Index
PACIFIC OCEAN
Research vessel ''Townsend Cromwell" completes
successful maiden voyage in ; May p. 13.
Tagging program in eastern ,» marlin and sail-
fish cooperative; Sept. p. 41.
Trade wind zone oceanographic studies continued by
M/V "Townsend Cromwell"; Mar, p. 32, July p.10,
Aug. p. 17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27, Dec.
p. 34.
Tuna:
albacore movement off the Pacific Coast in 1963,
review of; Dec. p. 13.
Japanese:
equatorial fishing trends, Nov. 1963; Feb.
p. 73.
purse-seining experiment in unsuccessful;
July p. 59.
research vessel to survey resources in eastern
; Nov. p. 89.
Palau Islands, fishing base planned by California
firm in; Apr. p. 32.
yellowfin fishing regulations proposed for eastern
; July p. 82.
U.S.S.R. electronic fishing gear for catching saury
in ; July p. 76.
PACIFIC TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHIC PRO-
GRAM °
"Townsend Cromwell" to participate in
Pp. 32.
; Mar.
PACIFIC TRUST TERRITORY
Caroline Islands, commercial fisheries project makes
headway in; Aug, p. 16.
PACKAGING
Irradiation, Food and Drug Administration issues
new food additive regulation concerning
materials for foods preserved by; Oct. p. 84.
Irradiation, requirements for fishery products
preserved by; Oct. p. 34.
Irradiation, plastic films tested as materials
for fishery products preserved by; Oct. p. 34.
Metal food container as the regulatory official sees
it; June p. 88.
PAKISTAN
Fish processing plant, new, established at Karachi;
Mar. p. 66.
Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p.41.
Shrimp:
processing capacity of plants in Karachi; Aug, p.82.
producing costs; May p. 71.
Sweden helps mechanize small fishing craft;
atk jy, Ail,
Territorial waters extension to 12 miles advocated;
Jan, p. 67.
PALAU ISLANDS (see CAROLINE ISLANDS)
PANAMA
Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 68.
Lobster, spiny:
exploratory fishing project concluded (M/V ''Peli-
can'' cruise 16); Feb. p. 78.
fishery trends; Sept. p. 89.
Scallop fishery trends; Sept. p. 89.
Shrimp fishery trends, 1963; Sept. p. 88.
1964 Index
PANAMA (cont.)
Tuna fishing regulations for foreign vessels in
Panamanian waters; Noy. p. 104,
PEARL(S)
Australian culture industry developing; Dec,
p. 158.
Cultured quality improved by use of antibiot-
ic; Sept. p. 81.
Japan produces commercial quality
freshwater mussels; Jan, p, 59.
from
PELAGIC FISH
California:
hake, adult, distribution and abundance in southern
area and northern Mexico studied by M/V ''John
N. Cobb''; June p. 21.
population survey continued; Feb, p. 12, Mar.
pp. 10, 12, Apr. p. 12, June pp. 11, 12, Sept. p.14,
Oct. pp. 15, 17, Nov. p. 24, Dec. pp. 28, 29.
Experimental fishing in North Pacific with ''Cobb"
pelagic trawl (M/V "St. Michael" cruise 2); Nov.
p. 47.
Larval specimens of tuna, swordfish, and marlin
collected in the South Atlantic; Nov. p. 48.
Pacific, Central, population studies continued; June
p. 12.
PERSIAN GULF
Commercial fishery in southern area to be devel-
oped by British firm; Dec, p. 109,
Fisheries development in proposed by FAO;
Mar. p. 37.
PERU
Anchoveta record catch forecast in 1964; Apr. p.70.
Canning, fish, industry responds to tax concessions;
May p. 71.
Catch, fisheries, off in 1963; Apr. p. 71.
Exports of principal marine products; May p.71,
Oct. p. 76.
Fishing industry long-range forecast; Feb, p. 79.
Fish meal:
export agreement extended; Feb. p. 80.
exports by country of destination; June p. 54, Nov.
p. 105.
exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79.
exports forecast, 1964; Aug, p. 82.
industry trends; Jan. p. 67, June p. 54, Nov. p.105.
Japanese imports from approved; Apr. p.61.
long-range forecast for; Feb, p. 79.
outlook for industry; Nov. p. 105.
production and exports; May p. 40, July p. 72,
Aug. p. 82.
supply situation; Nov. p. 105,
Fish oil:
exports by country of destination, Jan,1-May 15,
1964; Nov. p, 106,
exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79.
supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 fore-
cast; Aug. p. 83,
International Association of Fish Meal Manufac-
turers conference stresses quality; Jan, p. 39.
Marine oil supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and
1964 forecast; Aug. p. 83,
Sperm oil exports, 1963; Aug. p. 83,
U. S, fishery firm to expand Peruvian facilities;
Apr. p. 71.
Whale oil exports 1963; Aug. p. 83.
4
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47
PESTICIDES
Commercial fisheries endangered by use of
says Interior Secretary; June p, 23,
DDT resistance seen in minnow-like fish; Feb,
p. 58,
Interior Department lands, stringent rules ordered in
use of on; Nov, p. 52.
Mississippi River fish kill,
Sept.p. 37.
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Bureau of, re-
sponsibility for field surveillance on effects of
on fish and wildlife; Dec. p. 56.
endrin blamed in;
PET FOOD
Australia exporting to the U. S.; Nov. p. 79.
Maryland firm, ARA industrial loan approved to;
July p. 81,
PHILIPPINES
Fishing industry development spurred by change in
Government import policy; Noy. p. 106.
Investment opportunities in fishing industry; Aug.
p. 32,
Mackerel, canned, award; Jan. p. 68.
Sardines:
canned:
imported product, Government opened an-
other bid on; Aug, p. 83.
South African product,
purchase of; June p. 55,
Shrimp exports, 1963; Dec. p. 110.
Tuna, skipjack, Japanese test purse-seining off
for; May p. 61.
President approves
PILCHARD
South Africa Republic:
fishery, 1963; May p. 72.
fishery trends; July pp. 73, 74, Oct. pp. 76, 77,
Dec, p. 112.
South-West Africa:
fishery, Jan.-June 1964; Dec, p. 113,
fishing industry trends, FY 1963; Dec. p. 113,
quotas for 1963 and 1964 increased; Feb, p. 81.
season for in 1963 sets record; Mar, p. 68,
Walvis Bay, season gets under way at; Aug. p. 84,
PLANKTON
Gulf of Mexico sampling; May p. 21.
North Atlantic hydrographic- survey in the
Gulf of Maine; May p. 28.
South Carolina studies, Jan.-Mar, 1964; May p. 33.
Studies on give clues to Indian Ocean-Atlan-
tic Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14.
POLAND
Canary Islands fishing base reported planned by
sApr. p. tl.
Cold-storage plant in the United Kingdom proposed;
June p. 55,
Danish-Polish fishery relations; Apr. p. 53,
Exports of fishery products, 1956-1963; June p. 56.
Fisheries goals, 1964; June p, 55.
Fisheries landings, marine, in 1963; May p. 72,
Fisheries production goals, 1964; June p. 55,
Fisheries trends and exports in 1963; Sept. p. 90.
Fisheries trends in 1964; Sept. p. 90,
Fisheries trends, 1963; June p, 56,
Fish-processing facilities, investment planned in
1964 in; June p, 55.
48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
POLAND (cont.)
Fish meal production, 1963; Sept. p. 91.
Imports of fishery products, 1956-1963; June p. 56.
Landings, fisheries, Jan.-June 1964; Dec. p. 110. .
Landings of marine products and size of fishing
fleet, 1962-63; Feb. p. 80.
Landings, salt-water fish, 1963; June p. 56.
Mothership, herring, will be dispatched to north-
west Atlantic fishing grounds; June p. 55,
Overseas bases, fishery, 1963; June p. 56.
Transshipment base established at Ostend, Belgium,
in Jan, 1964; June p. 55.
Trawlers and factory-trawlers, large, shipyards
building; May p. 71.
Trawler sinks off Iceland; June p. 57.
Trawling operations in Northwest Atlantic; Mar.
p. 66.
Trawling operations off Northwest Africa; Mar.
p. 66,
Vessels, fishing:
completed, 1963 and first half 1964; Nov. p. 107.
construction program; Nov. p. 107.
construction to continue under large-scale build-
ing program; Nov. p. 107.
factoryship built in Poland delivered to U.S.S.R.;
Mar, p. 71.
fleet, planned additions in 1964 to; June p. 55.
fleet, size of, 1950-1962; Feb. p. 80.
trawlers, specifications and description of, built
in ; Nov. p. 108.
POLLUTION
Chesapeake Bay. ''fish-kill'' controls established;
Aug. p. 33.
Louisiana fish kills, Public Health Service investi-
gates more; Sept. p. 18.
Milfoil control, conference on; May p. 30.
Pesticide endrin blamed in Mississippi River fish
kill; Sept. p. 37.
Pesticides, use of, endanger commercial fisheries
says Interior Secretary; June p. 23.
Potomac River fish losses; Jan. p. 28.
Sacramento River dam, antipollution, will improve
fish runs in; Apr. p. 29.
Water , fish killed by, 1963; Aug. p. 22.
POND CULTIVATION
Shrimp studies in South Carolina; Feb. p. 49, Nov.
p. 56.
POND CULTURE
South Carolina finfish and shrimp cultivation
studies, July-Dec, 1963; Feb. p. 49.
PORPOISE
Fishermen's catch and gear ravaged by 3
May p. 103.
Gulf of Mexico mammal, "bottle-nosed,'' often
called dolphin; Sept. p. 9.
PORT FACILITY
Rockland Harbor, Maine, ARA technical assistance
project to study proposed deep-water at;
Oct. p. 82.
PORTUGAL
Canned fish;
exports, 1962-1963; June p. 57.
1964 Index
PORTUGAL
Canned fish:
exports, quarterly data; Feb. p. 80, Sept. p. 91.
pack, 1962-1963; June p. 57.
pack, quarterly data; Feb. p. 81, Sept. p. 92, Dec.
p. 111,
Cape Verde Islands, Japanese firm signs agreement
for joint tuna venture in; July p. 58.
Cod-fishing fleet in Northwest Atlantic serviced by
supply ship; Mar. p. 67.
Fisheries trends, Jan, 1964; Apr. p. 71.
Freezer-trawlers, new, planned; Apr. p. 71.
Loan fund to renovate fishing fleet; June p. 57.
Refrigeration equipment supplied by British to
modernize fishing industry; Oct. p. 76.
Sardine, canned, supply reported adequate to meet
demand; Jan. p. 68.
South Africa, trawling operations off; May p. 72.
Trawling fleet off Africa may be serviced by
mothership; Mar, p. 67.
Tuna, Japanese negotiate with
in West Africa; Sept. p. 72.
firm for base
POTOMAC RIVER
Fish kill in , mid-1963; Jan. p. 28.
Research on waste material in discussed at
Chesapeake Bay research conference; Apr. p. 13.
PRESERVATION (also see IRRADIATION PRESERVA-
TION)
Frozen fish shelf life studied; Nov. p. 53.
Irradiation 5
Atomic Energy Commission fishery products
irradiator at Gloucester (Mass.) dedicated; Dec.
p. 57.
commercial implication for food
fish at sea; Nov. p. 54.
food and ; July p. 38. :
oily fish tests indicate flavor and storage problems;
Feb, p. 33,
portable equipment for use aboard M/V ''Delaware’’
planned; Noy. p. 54.
sole, petrale, fillets, acceptance tests conducted
for; Nov. p. 54,
Nitrite as preservative for industrial fish, Norwe-
gian studies on; Nov. p. 104.
Refrigerated sea water, quality tested of fish held
in; Mar. p. 24.
Smoking small fish, Canadian scientists develop new
process for; Mar. p. 49.
; June p, 24.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS
Fur seals harvested by U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries; Sept. p. 20.
Fur seal skin harvest, 1964; Nov. p. 30.
PRICES
Wholesale and indexes for edible fishery
products; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 57, Mar. p. 33, Apr.
p. 38, May p. 37, June p. 33, July p. 37, Aug.
p. 45, Sept. p. 47, Oct. p. 42, Nov. p. 65, Dec.
p. 67.
PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS
Foreign trade, U. S.; Jan. p. 34, Mar, p. 31, Apr.
p. 37, May p, 35, June p. 31, July p. 36, Aug.
p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec.
p. 66.
1964 Index
PROCESSING (cont. )
Fish-gutting machine, new, offered by West Ger-
man firm; Nov, p. 83.
Canada:
fish processing plant opens in Nova Scotia; Sept.
p. 58,
Maritime Provinces, new fish plants for;
Jan, p. 45.
trade mission explores Latin American market
for fish equipment; May p. 47.
PROMOTION
Fish 'n Seafood Parade in Oct.; Oct. p. 106.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel-
opment plans materials for fish ; Oct. p.48.
PROTEIN EXTRACTION
Fish reduction industry, water purification and
process may be applied to;. Aug, p, 61.
PUBLICATIONS
Listings and reviews, Fish and Wildlife Service
; Jan, p. 82; Feb. p. 94, Mar, p. 81, Apr.
p. 82, May p. 84, June p. 72, July p. 93, Aug.
p. 104, Sept. p. 110, Oct. p. 90, Nov. p, 124,
Dec. p. 128,
Listings and reviews, miscellaneous ; Jan,
p. 84, Feb, p. 96, Mar. p. 82, Apr. p. 85, May
p. 86, June p, 74, July p. 96, Aug. p. 105, Sept.
p. 108, Oct. p. 92, Nov. p. 126, Dec. p. 130,
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, U. S. (also see HEALTH,
EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPARTMENT OF)
. Fish kills in Louisiana, aids in study of; Jan,
p. 74, Sept. p. 18.
Lake Michigan, contract awarded for water re-
search in; Apr. p. 17.
Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher-
men; Nov. p. 58,
Oregon fish and wildlife kills being investigated;
July p. 29.
PUERTO RICO
Marine biology program of Nuclear Center; Apr.
p. 27.
Tuna firm, ARA industrial loan to; Oct. p. 82.
PUGET SOUND
Fish and wildlife resources of
waters, survey of; Nov. p. 64.
and adjacent
PUMP
Unloading fishing vessels, "airlift" being de-
veloped by Canada for; Mar. p. 48,
PURSE SEINING
Salmon season opened July 1, 1964, in south-
eastern Alaska; Sept. p. 11.
PUSAN (see KOREA, REPUBLIC OF)
PYROPHOSPHATES
Canning king crab, effects of certain
ture retention in; Aug. p. 19.
on mois-
QUAHOG (see CLAMS)
QUALITY
Halibut, Pacific, ex-vessel landings, evaluation of
of; Sept. p. 24.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49
QUALITY
New York State accepts USDI inspection for fish;
Apr. p. 30.
Vessels, improvement guidelines for troll
salmon; Apr. p. 29.
RADIATION PRESERVATION (see IRRADIATION
PRESERVATION; PRESERVATION)
RECIPES
Gourmet's guide to good eating; Nov. Suppl, outside
back cover.
Haddock baked a la maritimes; June p, 71.
Halibut topped with french fried onion rings; Apr.
outside back cover.
Ocean perch German potato pancakes; July p. 108,
Oysters, Maryland pan-fried; May p. 11.
Salmon savory salad; Sept, outside back cover,
Scallops amandine; Dec, p. 116.
Shrimp ; Feb, p. 6, Noy. outside back cover,
REFRIGERATED SEA WATER
Quality of fish held in tested; Mar, p. 24.
REFRIGERATION
Freezing of fishery products, technical symposium
on; Feb, p. 42.
Vessel systems, Canadian developments in;
Mar, p. 48.
RESEARCH
Canada awards ten scholarships in fisheries fields;
Aug. p. 58.
Che sapeake Council organized; Sept. p. 17.
Great Lakes new station on Lake Huron; Aug.
p. 58,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Japanese study tuna problems confronting fishing in-
dustry; Nov. p. 90.
RHODE ISLAND, UNIVERSITY OF
Oceanography research training grants, funds re-
ceived for graduate; July p. 25.
Quahog research in Narragansett Bay conducted by
; Sept. p. 17.
Research vessel ''Trident'' completes first year of
operation; Jan, p. 27.
Sports fishing research laboratory to be built on
property; Feb. p. 50.
RICE FARM PONDS (see FISH FARMING)
ROE
Herring:
Alaska
Aug. p. 13,
harvest of -on-kelp ends in Apr,; July p. 8.
being readied for shipment to Japan;
ROUGH FISH
Tennessee removal program, Apr.-June 1964; Dec.
p. 61.
RUMANIA
Trawler, stern, built in Japan for ; Mar. p.67,
Apr. p. 72, May p. 62, July p. 65,
RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
Oysters, development of disease-resistant strains
of; Nov, p. 52.
50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
RYUKYU ISLANDS
Japanese trawlers, use of Okinawans on; Dec. p.102.
Tuna:
fisheries agreement with Japan, Government seeks
changes in; Dec, p. 111.
fishing fleet increasing; Jan. p. 67.
SABLEFISH
Alaska landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9.
North Pacific demersal fish survey by M/V "John
N. Cobb" yields good catches; July p. 23.
Smoked cured » petition to Food and Drug
Administration to use sodium nitrate and sodium
nitrite in; Dec. p. 117.
SAILFISH
Tagging, Pacific area cooperative marine game
fish program; Sept. p. 41.
SALMON
Alaska:
canned pack, 1964; Dec. p. 23.
canned pack, 1963; June p. 9.
eggs processed as red caviar for Japan; Oct. p.13.
harvest not jeopardized by earthquake damage;
June p. 8
Japanese vessels, handling and processing of
Prince William Sound aboard; Nov. p. 15.
Karluk Lake escapement, Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 19.
Kodiak plant processing operations following
earthquake; Nov. p. 17.
landings lower in 1963; Apr. p. 9.
landings, 1964; Dec. p. 63.
migration studies of juvenile fish; Nov. p. 20.
waste utilization from ; Oct. p. 13.
Atlantic fishery; Dec. p. 82. —
Atlantic restoration studies; Apr. p. 30.
California:
hatchery losses due to food problem; Dec. p. 30.
Sacramento River, antipollution dam will improve
fish runs in; Apr. p. 29.
Canada: :
British Columbia canning industry asks for tariff
reduction at 1964 GATT negotiations; July p. 48.
east coast escapement improved in 1963; Mar.
p. 45.
Gulf of Alaska, studies in; Mar. p. 46,
restocking program for and trout in Que-
bec; Dec. p. 88.
Strait of Georgia, tagging program in the; Feb.
p. 67.
tagging on Atlantic Coast; Aug. p. 55.
tagging program for chinook and silver in British
Columbia; Aug. p. 55.
Canned:
Canada:
British Columbia pack lower in 1963; Jan, p. 43.
pink market trends, Japanese views on; July p.62.
Japan:
Australia, sold to; June p. 44,
export prices; Dec. p. 100. }
Great Britain, sold to; Dec. p. 100.
pack of land-based canners down; Sept. p. 75.
pink export prices in Japan; Aug. p. 70.
Cannery site of first Pacific Coast plant designated
national historic landmark; June p, 25.
Chinook:
Columbia River fall returns in 1964; Dec. p. 36.
1964 Index
SALMON
Chinook:
Columbia River tributaries, Oregon survey in1964
of spawning spring fish in selected; Dec. p. 37.
Northwest rivers receive record plant of spring
yearlings; June p. 25.
Washington State Yakima River, excessive fishing
damages run in; Dec. p. 67.
Willamette River, massive program to introduce
fall fish in upper; Apr. p. 30.
Chum:
Alaska:
nursery areas discovered by M/V ''Heron"; Oct.
p. 14,
purse-seining season in southeast may be best in
year; Sept. p. 11.
Spawning in intertidal zone; Nov. p. 20.
hatchery-reared fry, Russian theories on the in-
ferior quality of; Nov. p. 143,
Japan buys from Alaska; Oct. p. 67.
Japanese ex-dock price; Dec. p. 100.
spawning channel, Abernathy, proves effective for
reproduction of ; Dec. p. 20.
Coho nursery areas in Alaska discovered by M/V
"Heron"; Oct. p. 14.
Columbia River:
migration patterns revealed by marking program;
Oct. p. 35.
summer fishery postponed; Aug.p. 37.
Escapement aided by brief industrial plant shutdown
at Willamette Falls, Oreg.; Oct. p. 33.
Gill nets, monofilament and multifilament, compari-
son of catches in, Part II; Oct. p.1, correction--
Dec. p. 68.
Hatchery techniques, new; Apr. p. 39.
Icelandic farm, investment opportunity in; Oct,
p. 58,
Industry-Government promotion campaign; July p.29.
Japan:
Alaska, purchases as of Aug. 7, 1964, from; Oct.
p. 68,
Alaska » postponement requested in sale of;
Dec. p. 100,
Alaskan sale to Japan completed; Oct. p. 68.
catch by mothership fleets; Aug. p. 71.
catch for Area B expected to be at record low;
Sept. p. 75.
factoryship, new, to be built; Apr. p. 61. _
fishermen for™ request tuna fishing licenses;
ING, fs Tila To”
gill nets, monofilament, used in North Pacific
fishery; May p. 61.
hatchery facilities for
p. 75.
Hokkaido canners hard hit by poor catch; Sept.
p. 75.
North Pacific:
catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75.
mothership fishery for 1964;Sept.p.75,Oct.pp.68,69.
mothership prices; Aug. p. 70, Oct. p. 69.
U.S.S.R., negotiation concluded with; July pp. 42,
62.
prices paid for first
July p. 61.
prices with vessel owners, Japanese negotiate;
July p. 61.
quota allotment for fishery and fleet composition;
July p. 62.
U.S.S.R., fisheries negotiations concluded with;
July pp. 42, 62.
, plans doubling; Feb.
landings, May 1964;
1964 Index
SALMON (cont.)
King:
Alaska Cook Inlet closed to fishing in 1964; Feb.
p. 10.
growth and life history of investigated by
Calif. M/V "Nautilus"; Apr. p. 12.
intermingling of U. S, and Canadian Pacific fish
under study; Mar, p. 37.
North Pacific:
Aleutians, western, migration studies of; Oct.
p. 36.
gill nets, monofilament and multifilament, com-
parison of catches in--Part I; Oct. p. 1, cor-
rection--Dec, p. 68.
high seas tagging planned by U.S, Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries; July p. 30.
winter distribution and tagging by M/V "George
B, Kelez"; July p. 30.
Oregon:
egg take in 1963 sets new record; Mar, p,. 24,
fish disease study center, new, primarily con-
cerned with juvenile and steelhead in
hatcheries; July p. 28.
flume, new fish behavorial, built for in
Northwest; Sept. p. 38.
Metolius Hatchery closes and experimental hatch-
ery station opens; Nov, p. 51.
Sandy River runs, silver
help rebuild; Dec. p. 56.
Pacific intermingling under study, U. S. and Cana-
dian; Mar, p. 37,
transplants may
Pink:
Alaska:
adult run, new, transported into Sashin Creek;
Dec. p. 24.
concentration, large, indicated off southeast
coast; Sept. p. 12.
egg deposition success varies in Sashin Creek;
Mar, p. 9.
Kodiak has excellent season; Nov, p- 16,
nursery areas discovered by M/V "Heron"; Oct.
p. 14,
Olson Creek run as of Aug, 1964; Nov. p. 20.
southeast egg survival rate considered good;
June p. 10.
transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter;
Nov. p. 20,
workshop meets in Juneau; Apr. p. 9.
Canada transplants Pacific fish to Atlantic coast;
Mar, p. 44,
Japan:
buys from Alaska; Oct. p. 67.
Hokkaido packers begin packing; Aug. p. 71.
mothership firms to consign sales of Alaskan
pinks to land-based Packers Association; Nov.
p. 91.
Quality improvement guidelines for troll vessels;
Apr. p. 29.
Recipe for savory salad; Sept, outside back cover.
Recipe--''shannon" steaks; Mar. p. 101.
Red (see Sockeye)
Research in North Pacific by Canada and United
States; Mar, p. 22.
Silver:
Columbia River returns in 1964; Dec. p. 36,
intermingling of U. S. and Canadian Pacific fish
under study; Mar, p. 37.
Northwest rivers receive record plant of year-
lings; June p, 25.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51
SALMON
Silver:
Oregon State hatcheries, record release from; July
p. 27.
Sockeye (red):
Alaska:
Bristol Bay 1964 run fails; Oct. p. 13,
escapement of adults to Karluk Lake as of Aug.
1964; Nov, p. 19.
fry availability of
p. 24.
Karluk River spawning verified; Feb. p. 11.
outmigration of smolt at Naknek Lake system;
Nov. p, 19.
serological sampling at Copper River; Nov. p. 19.
spawning population, large, discovered in Naknek
River; Feb, p. 11.
Bristol Bay:
forecast of run for 1964; May p, 12,
Fraser River losses investigated; June p, 24.
regulations for 1964 fishery in North Pacific; Apr.
p. 45.
Tagging, cooperative United States-Canadian program
for; Dec. p. 59.
U.S.S.R.:
catch, 1963; June p. 60.
farming of in Latvia; Apr. p. 74.
new species of and sturgeon, Soviet scien-
tists develop; May p. 76.
Pacific hatcheries and fisheries; July p. 75.
United Kingdom, farming method developed in Nor-
way attracts interest in; Nov. p. 25,
Washington:
fish farm, new, established by cooperative effort;
May p. 31.
planting program continues; July p. 36.
sport fishermen catch in 1963; May p. 37.
tagging in Puget Sound continued; Aug, p. 45.
low during summer; Dec.
SALMONELLA
International Atomic Energy Agency:
recommendations made to prevent
and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53,
in foods
SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL
PACIFIC
Salmon, sockeye:
Fraser River losses investigated; June p, 24.
regulations for 1964 in North Pacific; Apr. p, 45.
SAN FRANCISCO
Bay studies continued by research vessel M/V
"Nautilus"; Nov. p. 21,
SANITATION
Clams, soft,
area; Oct. p. 23.
Minnesota regulations for fish-processing estab-
lishm ents; July p. 20.
National Shellfish Workshop, Fifth, to be held
Nov, 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36.
quality study in Middle Atlantic
SAN PEDRO FISHERMEN'S FIESTA
President lauds ; Dec, p. 127.
SARDINES
Canned:
Dominican Republic prices reduced; Mar, p. 53,
Jamaica market; Jan, p. 54,
52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
SARDINES (cont.)
Canned (cont.):
Japanese exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57.
Maine:
Bureau of the Census survey of distributors
stocks of canned foods will include ; Jan.
p. 74.
can, new easy-open aluminum, developed for
industry; Aug, p. 15.
canning season opens; June p. 18.
National Boy Scout Jamboree,
Sept. p. 28.
pack, 1963; Feb. p. 43.
stocks; Jan. p. 20, Mar. p. 22, July p. 19, Sept.
p. 27, Oct. p. 29.
World's Fair display; June p. 19.
Malaysia's imported , market trends for;
Feb, p. 75.
market trends and exports, 1963; Apr. p. 65.
Morocco:
loans receive renewed partial guarantee from
Government; Nov. p. 103.
market trends, 1963; Mar. p. 64,
Philippine Government opened another bid on im-
ported ; Aug. p. 83.
Portugal's supply reported adequate to meet de-
mand; Jan, p. 68.
Ivory Coast fishery, new development in; Sept. p.70.
Morocco;
fisheries trends, first quarter 1963; July p. 68.
industry development project; May p. 68.
South Africa Republic:
Philippine President approves purchase of 8
June p. 95.
pilchard-maasbanker fishery, May-June 1964; Dec.
p. 112.
Taiwan fisheries trends, Feb. 1964; June p. 58.
served at;
SAURY
Canned:
Japan:
exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57.
exports for Aug. 1963-June 1964 and estimates
for following business year; Oct. p. 70.
Hokkaido canners sign advance purchase agree-
ment with fishermen's association; Nov. p. 96.
Japan:
landings down sharply in 1963; Jan. p. 57.
production and export trends, late Nov. 1963; Feb.
p. 79.
SAUSAGE (see FISH SAUSAGE)
SCALLOP(S)
Alaska:
exploratory fishing for
"Paragon''; Oct. p. 13.
processing of considered by new corporation
in Juneau area; Mar. p. 8.
Australia:
bed, new, shows promise; Oct. p. 50.
catch on new grounds off Victoria; Oct. p. 50.
exports increase; Oct. p. 51.
exports planned, increase in; Nov. p. 76.
fishery expands; Nov. p. 77.
Tasmania season extended; Sept. p. 58.
Calico:
bottom grounds off Florida's east coast photo-
graphed by M/V "Silver Bay"; May p. 32.
and shrimp by M/V
1964 Index
SCALLOP(S)
Calico:
Florida:
distribution survey; Feb. p. 47.
survey by M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29.
trawling survey off east coast by M/V ''Silver
Bay" yields ; June p. 29.
Gulf of Alaska:
explorations, 1963; Mar. p. 1.
exploratory fishing by M/V ''Paragon"’; Nov. p. 19.
Irish grounds discovered; Aug. p. 66.
Oregon resources off coast surveyed by M/V "John
N. Cobb"; Jan. p. 22.
Panama;
fishery trends; Sept. p. 89.
production in 1963 and potential; Apr. p. 69.
Sea:
Georges Bank population survey continued; Aug.
p. 34, Dec. p. 51.
New England landings in 1963 and forecast for
1964; Feb. p. 36.
recipe for amandine; Dec. p. 116,
shellfish favorite, a year-round; Dec. p. 116.
SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM
National School Lunch Week; Oct. p. 36.
SCOTLAND A
Vessel, new fisheries research, for Federation of
South Arabia being constructed in ; Feb. p.66.
SEA BREAM
Japanese council formed of long-line fishery
operators off New Zealand; Dec. p. 103.
SEA COW (see MANATEE)
SEAL(S) (also see FUR SEALS)
Canada:
harbor , Pacifie Coast, bounty payments dis-
continued on; Sept. p. 59.
harp stocks decline; Mar. p. 45.
Harp and hood:
International Convention for the Northwest Atlan-
tic Fisheries:
Canada ratifies protocol amendment; May p. 43.
Denmark and France ratify protocol amend-
ment; Dec. p. 79.
Iceland ratifies protocol amendment; June p.35.
Soviet Union ratifies protocol amendment; July
p. 42.
Norway's sealing expedition to Antarctic; Sept. p.88.
Norwegian-Soviet Commission sixth session
held in Oslo; Feb. p. 65,
South Africa Republic and Territory of South-West
Africa catch, 1963; Nov. p. 111.
SEA LAMPREY (see LAMPREY, SEA)
SEA OTTER
California:
population determined by census; Aug. p. 15.
population survey; Apr. p. 12, May p. 13.
SEA SCALLOPS (see SCALLOPS)
SEAWEED (also see INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED
SYMPOSIUM)
Artificial , Danish tests indicate shoreline may
be protected by; Oct. p. 56.
1964 Index
SENEGAL
Fish landings up sharply in 1962; Jan. p. 68.
Shrimp fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p, 112.
Tuna vessels, four, to be purchased from British;
Nov. p. 109.
SHARK
Basking:
Norway signs agreement with Great Britain on
fishing for and dogfish; Dec. p. 109.
Norway to continue fishing for and dogfish
off Great Britain; Sept. p. 88.
Hatchery fish feed, Washington State firm to
process dogfish into; July p. 37.
Hearing and related senses of being studied
by Institute of Marine Science, University of
Miami; Dec, p. 59.
Mexico's Teacapan (Sinaloa) fishery; Aug. p. 78.
Prey detected by vibration; Oct. p. 108.
Smoked fillets, Britain markets first shipment of;
Nov. p. 115.
Sound waves of low frequency may guide to
food; Dec. p. 59. Tas?
Sport fishing for 3; June p. 7.
U.S. study, Japanese tuna long-line exploratory
cruise in Eastern Tropical Pacific aids; July p. 61.
SHELLFISH
Anesthetic may aid biological research; Aug. p. 37.
Labor Department, processing industry to be
surveyed again by; Mar. p. 77.
Lake Erie may have commercial value; Jan,
p. 28.
New York State, reclamation project in; Oct. p, 37.
North Pacific industry affected by recent disasters;
Oct. p. 37.
Sanitation:
Maine conducts research; Oct. p. 37.
National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, fifth, to
be held Nov, 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36.
Scallop explorations in Gulf of Alaska, 1963; Mar.
Dive
SHRIMP (also see INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUN-
CIL)
Alaska:
canned pack, 1963; June p. 9.
exploratory fishing by M/V "Paragon"; Aug. p. 14,
@ct.p. ts; Nov. p. 27.
landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9.
pots with black mesh in vertical string fish
better; Feb, p. 11.
processing of and crab started by new
corporation in Juneau area; Mar. p. 8,
trawling experiments yield heavy catches; May
pe 13.
Arabian Sea catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov.
Suppl. p. 27.
Aransas Pass, Tex., seasonal distribution patterns
of adult and larval off, Jan.-Mar,. 1964;
July p. 16.
Australia:
common names for ; June p. 36,
exports increase; Oct. p. 51.
farming shrimp and tuna fishing, joint ventures
with Japanese considered in; Nov. p. 76.
fishery good in 1964; Nov. p. 76.
imports, duty on; Sept. p. 57.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53
SHRIMP (also see INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUN-
CIL)
Australia:
landings in fiscal year 1962/63 increase substan-
tially; Sept. p. 57.
Bait fisheries and postlarval abundance, surveys of;
Mar. p. 18, July p. 16,
Barbados fishery promising, outlook for; July p. 47.
Bay of Bengal catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov.
Suppl. p. 27.
Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for
fresh and frozen cooked crab and Apuan. Ly
1964-Mar. 31, 1965; May p. 47.
Bering Sea:
Japanese factoryship also fishes for herring and
Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9.
Soviet vessels fish for in; July p. 7.
Biology program in Gulf of Mexico, July-Sept. 1964;
Dec. p. 43.
British Guiana industry trends for 1963 and outlook
for 1964; Aug. p. 55.
California:
commercial quota off Crescent City-Eureka area
increased; Sept. p. 14.
distribution survey continued; Mar. p. 14.
resources off coast surveyed by M/¥V "Alaska";
Apr aU.
resources survey in northern and central coastal
waters continued by M/V "'N.B. Scofield"; Oct.
jeieltsis
Canned:
Gulf States pack; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr.
p.32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug.
p. 37, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55,
Decl ph. Ol.
Japan exports to Great Britain; Dec. p. 103.
Central and South America, portion of U.S.
fleet migrates to; Sept. p. 99.
Chicago, II1.:
prices, wholesale, for frozen domestic brown
species (5-lb. pkg.); Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43,
Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33,
Aug. p. 37, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov.
p. 55, Dec. p. 61.
Costa Rica:
landings, 1963/64 season; Aug. p. 60.
Pacific fishery; Dec. p. 90.
Ecuador:
industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 65.
producers hurt by lower prices in U.S. market;
Jan, p. 49.
Farming seOCT ps 45.
French Guiana, U.S. firms continue to expand in;
Jan, p. 50.
Frozen;
futures trading, new contracts opened for; Apr.
p. 30,
inventories; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32,
May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 37,
Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61.
Japan:
inventory, high, traders concerned over; Jan,
p. 58,
market for ; May p. 62.
Panama's production in 1963; Apr. p. 68.
raw breaded;
production, 1963; June p, 26.
standards of identity, public hearing on; Feb,
j9)5 0 kz \y os ne Fy Cit IA
54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
SHRIMP (cont. )
Frozen (cont. ):
Taiwan's exports, 1963; May p. 74.
Greenland fishery trends, 1963-64; Nov. p. 85.
Guatemala:
catch, 1962-1963; June p. 40.
Champerico industry trends; May p. 52.
exports to United States in 1962; Mar. p. 55.
fishing investment opportunity; Oct. p, 58.
Japanese-Guatemalan joint operations; Oct. p. 58.
Gulf of Mexico:
Aransas Pass (Tex. ) Inlet, study of seasonal dis-
tribution patterns of adult and larval in,
Oct. -Dec. 1963; Mar. p. 19.
bait, surveys of postlarval abundance and fisher-
ies for, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43.
commercial catch sampling; July p. 16, Dec.
p. 44.
distribution studies; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 27, Apr.
p. 19, May p. 22, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept.
p. 23, Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45.
Florida Bay ecology studies, Oct.-Dec. 1963;
Mar, p. 18.
gear studies continued; Jan. p. 13, Feb. p. 22,
Apr. p. 18, July p. 12.
investigations by M/V "Oregon"; Apr. p. 17,
May p. 21.
larvae studies on distribution and abundance;
July p. 15, Dec. p. 43.
migrations, growth, and mortality of brown and
white studied; Mar. p. 18, July p. 17,
Dec. p. 44.
Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters, study of
abundance of postlarval in; Mar. p. 19,
July p. 17, Dec. p. 44.
population dynamics studies; Mar. p. 19, July
p. 17, Dec. p. 44.
royal-red investigations continued; July p. 13.
Vermilion Bay (La. ), seasonal distribution of
postlarval in; Mar. p. 19, July p. 17.
Head and vein removing tool patented; Nov. p. 37.
Imports; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32,May
p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 38, Sept.
p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61.
India:
Cochin, new processing plant in; May p. 53.
Japanese-Indian joint fishing firm concentrates
on § Ofetis fh BS
International Shrimp Council planned to promote
consumption; Sept. p. 56.
Japan:
Alaska, fishing activity off; Sept. p. 10.
Bering Sea fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76.
Guatemalan-Japanese fishing venture trends, Nov.
1963; Jan. p. 51.
import trends; Aug. p. 74.
Pribilof Islands, fishery north of; July p. 8.
Surinam, fishing operations in; Oct. p. 79. r)
trawler-cannery, stern, built for North Pacific
fishery; Sept. p. 77.
Korea, Republic of, farming of ; Dec. p. 104.
Landings, Jan. -Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 64.
Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 37.
Mexico:
fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100.
fishing seasons, opening of; Nov. p. 98.
French Guiana, vessels to fish for; June
1 Dil,
Japanese propose joint venture with Guaymas
fishing cooperatives; May p. 60.
1964 Index
;
SHRIMP !
Mexico: |
Kuwait, vessels built for; Aug. p. 76.
season for fishing
to open; Dec. p.
vessel owners, Campeche, suffer from lower
prices; Jan. p. 63.
vessel tie-up at Mazatlan, possible effects of
3 July p. 68.
Mississippi Sound;
catch analyzed; May p. 25.
post larval studies continued; Aug. p. 34.
Nicaragua, El Bluff, U.S. fisheries firm begins
processing at; Jan. p. 65.
Nigerian resources promising; Sept. p. 86.
Norwegian shipyards to build vessels for Kuwait;
July p. 72.
Pakistan:
processing capacity of plants in Karachi; Aug.
p. 82.
producing costs; May p. 71.
Panama fishery trends, 1963; Sept. p. 88.
Peeling machinery, FTC bars discrimination in
rentals and sales of; Aug. p. 88.
Philippine exports, 1963; Dec. p, 110.
Pink;
California survey of resources in northern waters
by M/V "Joseph Alioto"; Oct. p. 20.
juvenile phase of the life history in the Everglades,
Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Dec. p. 43.
larvae abundance and distribution on Tortugas
grounds; Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Dec. p. 43.
marking study on Tortugas grounds; May p. 23.
migrations, growth,and mortality of , Jan, -
Mar. 1964; July p. 15.
migration study off Florida, seabed drifters re-
leased in; Dec. p. 60.
Pond cultivation studies in South Carolina; Feb.
p. 49, Nov. p. 56.
Postlarval studies indicate possible value as index
of adult population; Feb. p. 44.
Recipe for oven-fried curried with hot
marmalade soy dip; Nov. outside back cover.
Recipes for ; Feb. p. 6.
Red fishery, El Salvador encourages develop-
ment of; Dec. p. 91.
Rock , trawling survey off Florida's east
coast by M/V "Silver Bay" yields; June p. 29.
Royal red;
bottom grounds off Florida's east coast photo-
graphed by M/V "Silver Bay"; May p. 32.
Florida east coast, fishing good in June off; Sept..
p. 39.
potential fishing ground found off Caribbean coast
of Colombia; Sept. p. 23.
seasonal distribution survey continued (M/V
"Oregon" cruise 88); Feb. p. 24.
Senegal fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p. 112.
South Africa Republic west coast, exploratory fish-
ing off; Sept. p. 92.
South Atlantic and Gulf port ex-vessel prices, all
species; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May
p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 38,Sept.
p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61.
South Atlantic and Gulf States landings; Jan. p. 29,
Feb, p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27,
July p. 32, Aug. p. 38, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37,
Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61.
South Carolina studies; Feb. p. 49, May p. 33,
Nov. p. 56.
» vessels leave Mazatlan
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55
SHRIMP (cont.)
Supply indicators for U. S,; Jan, p. 29, Feb. p. 43,
Apr, p. 32, May p. 31, June p, 27, July Pp. 32, Aug.
p. 37, Sept, p. 38, Oct, p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec,
Pp. 61,
Surinam, U. S.- owned firm's operations in; Oct,
pe 79.
Taiwan:
exports increased in 1963; Feb, p. 84,
exports, Jan.-June 1964; Dec, p, 114.
U. S, supply and disposition of in 1963; June
p. 26,
Vancouver Island, B. C., explorations by M/V "John
N. Cobb,'' October-November 1962; June p, 1.
Venezuela processing plant, new; Feb, p, 87.
Vessels:
equipment sold to Colombia firm by U. S. com-
pany; May p. 15.
four new, delivered by Texas shipyard to Japanese
firm in Surinam; June p, 58,
U. S. otter-trawl, in the Gulf of Mexico, utilization
of, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1.
Vietnam:
exports to Japan up in 1963; July p. 80.
exports to United States, 1963; July p, 80.
fishing potential ; May p. 72.
SIBERIA
Fresh-water fisheries of ; Apr. p. 74.
SKIN DIVING
Intercom, underwater, permits skin divers to talk;
July p. 92.
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Alaska:
firm to receive loan funds from instead of
ARA; Mar, p. 76.
firms in earthquake disaster area receive loans;
Aug. p. 97.
Disaster loans for hurricane-damaged areas; Dec,
je 1206
Great Lakes fishery firms, assistance for economic
injury suffered by; Apr. p. 78.
Loans to New England commercial fisheries firms;
Oct, p. 86, Dec, p. 125,
SMELT
Trawling explorations in Lake Erie, May-November
1960; Apr. p. 1.
SMOKED FISH
Canadian:
regulations; Apr. p. 51.
scientists develop new process for smoking small
fish; Mar, p. 49.
Chub:
processing studies, status report on; Feb, p. 44,
Sept. p. 39.
smoking, experimental, preliminary report on;
Nov. p. 1.
SNAPPER
Trawling, good, possibilities for oan off
Caribbean coast of Colombia; Sept. p. 23.
SOLAR STILLS
India, sea water purified by in; May p, 104,
SOLE
Dover growth studies conducted in Monterey
Bay, Calif., Feb. p. 12.
English growth studies in Monterey Bay, Calif.,
by M/V “Nautilus"; Oct. p. 14.
Pacific, North, migrations; Sept. p, 19.
Petrale:
irradiated fillets, acceptance tests conducted for;
Nov. p. 54.
a a eer studies and tagging off California by
. B, Scofield"; Dec, p. 26,
SOMALI REPUBLIC
Delegation studies U. S, fishing industry; Jan, p. 68,
Fisheries group considers joint venture with U.S,
firms; June p. 58,
Fish processing and freezing plant to be built in
Alula as joint U. S.- venture; June p, 58.
SOUNDS
Research on may aid commercial fisheries;
Apr. p. 28,
SOUND WAVES
Soviets claim marine groups can be identified by
; Aug, p. 86,
SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC
Anchovies;
catches, remarkably good, made by fishing vessel;
Aug. p. 84,
fishery, new, may develop rapidly; Nov. p. 110.
resources off coast explored; Sept. p. 92,
Canned fishery products, domestic consumption of
leading, 1962-1963; Nov. p, 112,
Canned fishery products, production of leading,
1962-1963; Nov, p. 110,
Cannery, fish, planned for Angola by interests;
Mar, p. 40,
Chilean fish meal factory at Iquique dedicated as a
joint venture with ; May p. 48.
Consumption, domestic, of leading processed fishery
products, 1963; Nov. p, 111,
Exports of fishery products, 1963; Oct, p. 77.
Fisheries development, early 1964; July p. 73,
Fisheries trends, early 1964; July p, 72.
Fish meal:
export quota for 1964 increased; Mar, p, 67.
Japanese association contracts to sell to; Jan. p, 69.
Japan to import from ; July p. 67.
production and exports; May p,. 40, Oct. p. 44.
production for 1964 sold or committed; Sept. p. 93.
production, 1962-1963; Nov, p. 110.
Japanese stern trawler, new, to fish off ; May
Pp. 63,
Landings, fishery, 1963; Sept. p. 96, Nov, p. 111,
Mackerel fishery, 1963; May p. 72.
Marine oil production, 1962-1963; Nov. p, 110.
Pilchard-maasbanker fishery trends; May p. 72,
July pp. 73, 74, Oct. pp. 76, 77, Dec, p, 112.
Portuguese trawling operations off 3; May p.72.
Processed fishery products, production of leading,
1962-1963; Nov. p. 110,
Quality specifications for fishery products; Sept,
Sardines, Philippine President approves purchase
of; June p, 55.
Seal catch, 1963; Nov, p. 111,
Shrimp exploratory fishing off west coast; Sept. p. 92.
Spiny lobster fishing regulations amended; Sept, p, 93,
56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC (cont.)
Trawl fishery, offshore, early 1964; July p. 73.
Tuna:
fishery trends, early 1964; July p. 73.
fishing fleet, company expanding; Mar. p. 67.
Japanese transshipment operations at Durban;
Feb, p. 73.
vessel delivers good catches; Noy, p. 110,
Vessel:
fiberglass, successful in pitchard fishery; Nov.
| p. 112,
' new, equipped for drum-trawl fishing; Sept. p. 95.
Whale catch, 1963; Nov, p, 111.
SOUTH AMERICA
Whaling bases, Japanese, in
Apr. p. 62.
to be surveyed;
SOUTH ARABIA, FEDERATION OF
Vessel, new fisheries research; Feb, p. 66.
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Crab, blue, industry of
transition; Dec, p. 1.
Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963;
May p. 34.
Seabed and its underlying structure in Caribbean
Sea, giant ''echo-sounder" maps; Dec. p. 54.
Soviet fishing activity in and Gulf of Mexico;
Aug. p. 38.
--an industry in
SOUTH ATLANTIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY
PROGRAM
Bottomfish explorations continued (M/V "Silver
Bay'' cruise 57); Aug. p. 38.
Explorations continued by research vessel
"Oregon"; Sept. p. 40.
Fishery explorations, preliminary, off Hispaniola
and scallop survey off Florida (M/V "Silver Bay"
cruise 50); Jan. p. 29.
Georgia, fishery explorations for commercial spe-
cies continued off; Mar, p. 25,
M/vV "Silver Bay'' returned to its owners, the
chartered; Sept, p. 41.
North and South Carolina, exploratory trawling
continued off; July p, 31.
Royal-red shrimp and calico scallop bottom grounds
photographed off Florida east coast; May p. 32.
Scallop distribution survey off Florida (M/V ''Silver
Bay" cruise 51); Feb. p. 47.
South Carolina, exploratory trawling for commer-
cial species off; Mar. p. 26,
Trawling survey off Florida east coast (M/V "Silver
Bay" cruise 55); June p. 27.
Venezuela, preliminary survey off the coast of;
Jan, p. 12.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Bottomfish explorations off
p. 38,
Crab, blue, abundance studies with experimental
trawling, July-December 1963; Feb. p. 49.
Exploratory trawling for commercial species off
by M/V "Silver Bay"; Mar, p. 26,
Finfish studies, July-Sept. 1964; Nov. p. 56,
Fisheries biological research progress; Feb. p. 47,
May p. 33, Nov, p, 55,
Oyster studies; Feb. p, 47, May p. 33, Nov. p. 55.
Plankton studies, January-March 1964; May p. 33.
continued; Aug.
1964 Index
SOUTH CAROLINA
Pond cultivation studies of finfish and shrimp, July-
December 1963; Feb. p. 49.
Research vessel, new; Feb. p. 50.
Shrimp:
pond cultivation studies of; Feb. p. 49, Nov. p. 56.
studies; Feb. p, 49, May p. 33, Nov. p. 56,
Tagging of fish, July-December 1963; Feb. p. 49.
Trawling:
experimental, studies; Feb. p, 49, May p. 33.
exploratory, off ; July p. 31.
SOUTH CHINA SEA
Tuna, Soviet Union fishing in for; June p, 59.
SOUTH KOREA (also see KOREA, REPUBLIC OF)
French shipyards receive orders from Soviets for
fishery factoryships and from for trawlers;
Nov. p. 83,
Japanese seeking additional foreign currency for
fishery imports from; Oct. p. 72,
Vessels, asks Japan to liberalize exports of;
Sept. p.
SOUTH PACIFIC
Tuna:
Japanese mothership operations in ; June p.
47, Aug. p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p. 66, Dec. p. 98.
New Caledonia, more Japanese vessels move to;
Apr. p. 61,
SOUTH-WEST AFRICA
Fisheries trends, early 1964; July p. 73.
Fish meal production and exports, January-May
1963-64; Oct. p. 44,
Landings, fishery, set another record in 1963; Sept.
p. 96,
Pilchard;
fishing industry trends; July p. 73, Oct. p. 77,
Dec, p, 113,
quotas for 1963 and 1964 seasons increased; Feb.
p. 81,
season in 1963 sets record; Mar, p. 68.
Walvis Bay season gets under way; Aug. p. 84.
SOVIET BLOC :
Icelandic fishery exports to the , 1963; June
p. 41.
SPAIN
Canada convicts trawler for violation of ter-
ritorial waters; Sept. p. 59.
Canned fish industry trends, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar.
p. 68,
Cannery, new fish, Spanish businessmen to finance
for Mexico construction of; Dec, p. 106.
Fisheries development plan, 1964-1967; Mar. p, 68,
Fish meal production and imports, 1962/63 and
forecast 1963/64; May p. 73.
Japanese tuna exporters seeking more trade with
and Cuba; Sept. p. 72.
La Coruna landings and prices, Oct.-Dec, 1963;
Mar. p. 68.
Mauritania signs 50-year fisheries treaty with
; July p. 67.
Trawl fish caught by imported by Japanese
firm; Mar, p. 62.
Vigo:
canned fish industry; Dec. p, 114,
1964 Index
SPAIN (cont.)
Vigo (cont.):
fishery trends; Mar. p. 68, Aug. p. 85, Oct. p. 78,
Dec, p. 113.
landings and prices; Mar, p. 68, Dec, p, 114,
SPAWNING CHANNEL
Salmon, chum, Abernathy
for reproduction of; Dec, p.
proves effective
SPERM OIL
Antarctic production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season;
Oct. p. 49.
Japanese Antarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80,
Peruvian exports 1963; Aug. p. 83,
SPINY LOBSTER (also see LOBSTERS)
Australian exports increase; Oct, p. 51,
Costa Rica landings, 1963/64 season; Aug, p. 60,
Panama production in 1963; Apr. p. 69,
SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF
Federal aid:
fishery research and special studies; Dec, p, 39.
funds for restoration projects apportioned by
Interior for FY 1965; Aug, p, 20,
Fishing, sport, license sales increased in 1963;
July p. 33,
Hatchery water, studies on re-use of; Dec, p, 38,
National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, trained
dolphins will be featured at; Apr. p. 22,
Pesticide effects on fish and wildlife, as-
signed responsibility for field surveillance of;
Dec, p, 56,
Rough fish removal program in Tennessee; Dec,
p. 61,
Salmon, Atlantic, will carry out fish culture
experiments on; Apr. p. 30.
SPORT FISHING
Federal research laboratory, new, to be built on
University of Rhode Island property; Feb, p, 50,
License sales for increased in 1963; July
p. 33,
Mexico, Mazatlan, industry; Aug. p. 77.
Shark in United States; June p. 7.
SQUID
Canada's far north, small found in; Mar, p. 47,
ST, PIERRE
Harbor and processing facilities improved; Apr,
p. 72.
STANDARDS
Codex Alimentarius (Food ) Commission,
Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec. p, 75.
Fish blocks, frozen, revised for grades of;
Aug. p. 90, Nov. p. 117,
Halibut, Pacific, quality evaluation of ex-vessel
landings continued; Sept. p. 24.
International for fishery products, a progress
report on the development of; Sept. p, 1.
International trade, experts seek worldwide
for fishery products in; Apr. p. 44,
Shrimp, frozen raw breaded, identity , public
hearing on; Feb. p, 88, Apr. p. 77.
Tuna, canned:
identity amendment became effective June
15, 1964; Aug. p. 90,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57
STANDARDS
Tuna, canned:
identity » amendment requested in; Apr. p,77.
Weights and measures activities in the USDI fishery
products and inspection programs; Oct, p, 8.
World trade in fishery products, model
worked out by fisheries group for; May p. 40,
STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
Fishery Attaches appointed for Mexico and Africa;
Mar, p. 77.
STATES
Financial aid to for research and development
of commercial fisheries; Sept. p, 100,
STATISTICS
Commercial fishing industry economic census
planned; Apr, p. 77.
STEELHEAD
Oregon:
fish disease study center, new, primarily con-
cerned with juvenile salmon and in hatch-
eries; July p. 28.
flume, new fish behavorial, built for in
northwest; Sept. p. 38,
Yamhill River, planted in; Aug, p. 36,
Washington, incidental catch minimized by larger
mesh nets in; June p, 32,
STERN TRAWLING (see TRA WLING)
STRIPED BASS
Long Island marking program, tag returns sought
from; Feb. p. 51,
STRUVITE CRYSTALS
Crab, king, canned, use of certain pyrophosphates to
control in; Aug. p. 19.
STURGEON
Fry hatched artificially by Soviets with new type
equipment; Mar, p, 27,
U.S.S.R.:
scientists develop new species of salmon and
; May p. 76.
develops new variety of ; Sept. p. 97.
SUBMARINE
One-man fiberglass
many; Aug. p. 63.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution:
deep-diving for; Apr. p. 25.
deep-diving for oceanographic research
commissioned by; Aug. p. 36.
developed in West Ger-
SUBSIDIES
Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, proposed regula=-
tions announced for notice and hearing require-
ments of; Dec, p, 123,
OECD adopts a position on fishing industry ;
Oct, p. 48.
SUDAN
Crustaceans specialist meeting attended by >
Apr, p. 40,
Soviet fishery technicians complete survey of Red
Sea waters; Apr. p. 72,
58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
SURINAM
Shrimp:
Japanese fishing operations in ; Oct. p. 79.
United States-owned firm's operations in
Oct. p. 79.
vessels, four new, delivered by Texas shipyard
to Japanese firm in ; June p, 58,
SWEDEN
Exports of fishery products, 1960-1962; Feb, p. 82.
Fishing fleet, status of, 1962; Feb. p, 82.
Fishing industry trends, 1962 and estimate for
1963; Feb, p. 81.
Imports of fishery products, 1960-1962; Feb. p. 83.
Landings, fishery, 1961-1962; Feb, p. 82,
Midwater pair-trawling for large herring, experi-
mental, shows promise; Jan, p. 69,
Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended
by ; Sept. p. 55,
Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June
p. 39.
Pakistan helped by
ing craft; July p, 41.
Shrimp fishing agreement, Swedish-Norwegian;
Feb, p. 84.
Vessels:
floating docks, two, built in
Nov. p. 113,
freezer-transports, ten, built in
fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113.
Whaling Convention, International, withdrawal
from; Apr. p. 72.
to mechanize small fish-
for U.S.S.R.;
for Soviet
SWIMMING SPEEDS
Fish ; Oct. p. IV.
SWORDFISH
Atlantic, North, survey continued; June p, 20,
Canada:
Newfoundland long-lining experiments suc-
cessful; Jan, p, 45.
Nova Scotia's swordfish landings boosted by long-
lining; Jan, p. 44.
Japanese to fish in Northwest Atlantic; Oct. p. 70.
Larval specimens of collected in the South
Atlantic; Nov. p. 48.
North Atlantic, western, distribution studies of
and tuna by M/V "'Delaware"; Sept. p. 28.
Vessel "'Chilmark Sword" delivered; Dec. p. 64,
TAGGING
Alaska, king crab
Bank area; Sept. p. 13.
Cod crosses the Atlantic; Apr. p. 8.
Crab, king, Alaska recoveries reduced by heavy
winds; Mar. p. 9.
Flounder blackback
setts; Aug, p. 34,
Fur seals, modified techniques suggested to
prevent excess mortality of; Aug. p. 22.
Game fish:
Pacific area cooperative marine (marlin and
sailfish) program; Sept. p. 41.
results of program for 1963 by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution; Feb. p. 52.
Halibut and sole and migration studies by
Oregon Fish Commission; Sept. p. 19,
Lobster:
population studies aided by new
Oct, p. 28.
operations in Portlock
program off Massachu-
method;
1964 Index
TAGGING
Lobster:
spiny, Australia's project; July p. 46.
Ocean perch, annual check of tagged fish at Eastport,
Maine; Sept. p. 35,
Patent awarded on new
od; Aug. p. 39.
Salmon:
Canada:
Atlantic Coast
chinook and silver
Columbia; Aug. p. 55.
program in the Strait of Georgia; Feb. p. 67.
North Pacific high=-seas planned by U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; July p, 30,
United States-Canadian cooperative program;
Dec, p. 59.
Sole, petrale, California migration studies and
by M/V_"N. B, Scofield"; Dec. p, 26.
South Carolina fish studies, July-December
1963; Feb. p. 49.
Striped bass tag returns sought from Long Island
marking program; Feb, p, 51.
Tuna:
bluefin:
Atlantic Ocean results by Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution in 1963; Feb. p, 52.
fish tagged off Baja California recaptured near
Japan; Sept. p. 42.
Canadian scientists study migrations off Atlantic
coast; Mar. p, 45.
Italy tags young bluefin and albacore in Sicily;
and recovering meth-
; Aug. p. 55,
program in British
May p. 55,
Washington, salmon in Puget Sound continued;
Aug. p. 45.
TAHITI
Tuna, Japanese mothership departs for to
fish; June p. 46, July p. 59.
TAIWAN
Carp, artificial hatching of; Mar, p, 70.
Exports of fishery products, 1963; May p, 74.
Fisheries:
production, 1962-1963; Mar. p, 69,
trends; Jan. p. 69, Mar, p. 69, June p, 58.
trends in 1963 and outlook for 1964; May p. 73.
Italy and to sign fishery agreement; Nov. p.
p. 112,
Mullet, artificial hatching of; Mar. p. 70.
Sardine fisheries trends, Feb, 1964; June p, 58.
Shrimp:
exports increased in 1963; Feb. p. 84.
exports, Jan,-June 1964; Dec, p. 114,
Tuna:
Chinese fishermen to train Cameroon fishermen;
July p. 48.
fisheries aided by World Bank loan for purchase
of new fishing vessels; May p. 74.
fisheries trends, Feb, 1964; June p, 58,
TANGANYIKA
Fishery resources of
Apr. p. 73.
surveyed by Japanese;
TANGLE NETS }
Japanese king crab fishery, polypropelene to
by used in; May p. 62,
1964 Index
TARIFF COMMISSION, U.S,
Fishery products, some, hearings held preliminary
to 1964 GATT negotiations on; Feb, p. 89,
Groundfish:
and ocean perch fillets, hearings on exclusion
from tariff modifications of; Feb, p, 91.
fillets reserved from trade-agreement negotia-
tions; June p, 64,
TARIFFS
Australian import regulations affecting fisheries;
July p, 45.
Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for
fresh and frozen cooked crab and shrimp, Jan, 1,
1964-Mar, 31, 1965; May p. 47.
European Free Trade Association:
import on certain fishery products; Apr,
p. 40.
industrial reduced another 10 percent; Mar,
p. 35.
GATT negotiations, 1964, British Columbia canned
salmon industry asks for reduction at;
July p, 48,
Schedules of United States of August 31, 1963, Com-
mittee on Ways and Means invites suggested
changes in; Feb, p. 93.
Tariff Commission, U. S., hearings held on some
fishery products preliminary to 1964 GATT nego-
tiations; Feb, p. 89,
Trade Information Committee, U. S., hearings held
on some fishery products preliminary to 1964
GATT negotiations; Feb, p, 89,
United Kingdom Prime Minister asks worldwide
reduction; July p. 78.
TAX(ES)
Alaskans receive time extension for income
reduction claims; Aug. p. 97.
Fishermen:
considered independent contractors for
purposes by U. S, Court of Appeals for the Fifth
Circuit; July p. 88,
employees for purposes, U, S, Circuit
Court of Appeals holds; Jan, p, 79.
TECHNICIANS
Washington State fishery
Peninsula College; May p. 37.
to be trained at
TECHNOLOGY
Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference held
on Oct, 11-14, 1964; Oct. p, 14,
Composition and nutritive value of fishery products,
research program on; Mar, p, 23,
TELEVISION
Electrical fishing gear in operation observed by
aboard M/V "Delaware"; Sept. p. 30,
Underwater , king crab located with, by M/V
"Paragon"; Sept. p. 12.
TENNESSEE
Rough fish removal program, April-June 1964;
Dec. p. 61.
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
Commercial and sport fish catches, 1963; Mar,
p. 28.
Commercial fish harvest, reservoirs offer larger;
Mar, p, 28.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59
TERRITORIAL SEA
Convention on the
into force; Oct. p.
Law of the Sea Conference, Third International,
recommended by American Bar Association group;
Dec, p, 39.
and Contiguous Zone enters
TERRITORIAL WATERS
Canada:
convicts Spanish trawler for violation of pi
Sept. p. 59.
extended fishing limits do not apply to U. S, fishing
vessels; Oct, p, 52,
Colombia establishes 200-mile ; Jan, p. 47.
Denmark's fishing limits; Apr. p. 53.
Japan:
reaction to new U, S. law on fishing in ; Aug.
p. 73.
views on new law prohibiting fishing in U. S,
by foreign vessels; Nov, p. 91.
Pakistan's extension of to 12 miles advocated;
Jan, p. 67,
Togo Republic law regulating commercial fishing
extends to 12 miles; Sept. p, 97.
Turkey considers 12-mile fishing limit; June p. 58.
United Kingdom invites 16 nations for conference on
; Jan. p. 72.
TEXAS
Animal feed, observations and views in
of fishery byproducts in; Aug, p. 28.
Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission annual
meeting in Brownsville, ; Nov. p. 35,
Shrimp vessels, four new, delivered by ship-
yard to Japanese firm in Surinam; June p, 58,
on use
THAILAND
Fisheries survey planned; Aug, p, 86,
Malayan fish imports, lifting of ban requested by
on; Jan, p. 70,
Subsidy, fishery, fund use; May p. 74.
TOGO, REPUBLIC OF
Imports of fishery products from U,S,S,R, increase
in 1963; July p. 74.
Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July
p. 41,
Territorial waters extended to 12 miles by law
regulating commercial fishing; Sept. p. 97.
"TOWNSEND CROMWELL," M/V
Research vessel of Bureau of Commercial Fisher-
ies, successful maiden voyage completed by new;
May p. 13,
TRADE AGREEMENT
Denmark's new with Soviets may include fish
freezerships; Jan. p. 49.
TRADE EXPANSION ACT
GATT 21st session held at Geneva; May p. 41.
TRADE FAIR
Denmark's Copenhagen fisheries
ber 1964; Apr. p. 57, Dec. p, 91,
in Septem-
TRADE INFORMATION COMMITTEE, U.S,
Fishery products, some, hearings held by
preliminary to 1964 GATT negotiations on; Feb,
p. 89,
60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
TRAINING
Washington State fishery technicians to be trained
at Peninsula College; May p. 37.
TRANSPORTATION
Alaska:
barge facility being built at Ketchikan; Aug, p, 13.
lower water transportation rates stayed, Federal
Maritime Commission order for; Sept. p. 104.
rail-barge services expanding; Feb. p. 52, Mar.
Dee
Alaska Steamship Company:
cargo rates, seasonal, denial of petition for re-
hearing on; Aug. p. 14,
tariff reduction order by Federal Maritime Com-
mission stayed by U. S. Court of Appeals; Sept.
p. 104,
ICC approves charge for less-than-carload ship-
ments; Apr, p. 78.
REA files tariffs to increase charges; Feb. p. 51.
Truckers of New England, rate increase sought by;
Feb, p. 51,
Washington-Alaska rail-barge service expanded;
Feb. p. 52.
TRAP
Shrimp, Alaska, » vertical string with black
mesh fish better; Feb. p, 11.
Slat tested for harvesting fish ponds; Feb.
p. 1%,
TRAWL
Electric tests on shrimp continued in Gulf of
Mexico; Feb, ps 22.
Pelagic , 'Cobb" type tested for effectiveness
in catching winter herring; Jan. p. 22.
TRA WLER(S)
Communist China plans purchase of large
from Japan; Sept. p. 60.
Computer, stern vessel design produced by; Sept.
p. 87,
Freezer- :
in Britain Tands frozen blocks of whole fish; May
p. 76.
new, launched in United Kingdom; Apr. p. 76.
Stern :
"Canyon Prince,'' new small type; Nov. p. 61.
New Zealand builds small type; Oct. p. 74.
Norwegian factory-type lands frozen processed
catch in England; July p. 70.
Rumania orders two new freezer types from
Japan; Mar, p. 67.
United Kingdom:
freezership-
Jan, p. 71.
newest addition to freezer-
Sept. p. 98.
stern of "Daring" class to be built, two new
semiautomated; Dec. p. 115.
expanding, British fleet of;
fleet launched;
TRA WLING
Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal results of the
R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov, Supplement, p. 27.
Atlantic, northwest, Japanese experimental
operations in; Oct. p. 69.
California, southern, bottom explorations by
M/V "N. B. Scofield" (cruise 64-S-1); June p. 10,
Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations results of
midwater for juvenile tuna; Dec, p. 32.
1964 Index
TRA WLING
Deep-water gear developed by Soviets; Oct.
p. 80,
Electrical tests continued by M/V "Delaware";
Jan, p. 21, June p. 20.
Florida east coast fish survey conducted by
M/V "Silver Bay"; June p. 27.
Great Lakes:
Lake Michigan investigations by M/V "Kaho"; Feb,
p. 17, May p. 18.
Lake Superior, more effective methods studied by
M/V "Kaho" of for commercial species in;
Aug. p. 25, Nov. p. 30.
Gulf of Guinea survey; Aug. p. 1.
Italy's freezer-trawler vessels for Atlantic fishing
fleet; Dec, p. 96,
Japan:
Atlantic fleet, refrigerated carriers being built
for; Sept. p. 77.
Atlantic, new firm plans
ations in; Jan, p. 59.
Midwater tests successful in Pacific coast
hake fishery; Aug. p. 23.
Netherlands dual-purpose trawler ''Tinie Cornelia,"
new; July p. 69.
Off-bottom experiments in North Atlantic by
M/V ''Delaware"'; Dec. p. 50.
Pelagic 8
hake distribution and abundance explored in North
Pacific by M/V "John N. Cobb"; Dec. p, 52.
multipurpose-type operation tested by chartered
vessel ''St, Michael"; Dec. p. 54.
North Pacific development program; Oct, p. 31.
North Pacific experimental fishing with "Cobb"
trawl by M/V. "St. Michael"; Nov. p. 47.
South Africa Republic equips new vessel for drum-
trawl fishing; Sept. p. 95.
South Carolina experimental studies; Feb. p. 49,
May p. 33.
Stern
Feb, p. 85.
Tuna, juvenile, midwater tests conducted by
M/V "Townsend Cromwell” for taking; Dec, p. 32.
U.S.S.R. State Fisheries Production Commission
recommends deep-water for fishing vessels;
Dec, p. 114,
Washington coast bottomfish survey by M/V
"John N. Cobb,"' cruise 65; Sept. p. 31.
and fish meal oper-
reviewed at United Kingdom conference;
TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE
Antidumping regulations, public hearing held on;
Feb. p. 91.
Coast Guard:
cutter 'Ingham'
Sept. p. 35.
Gulf of Mexico, hearings on lights and fog signals
on offshore platforms in the; May p, 79.
vessel ''Vigilant,'' new search and rescue; Dec.
p. 63.
Customs, Bureau of, tuna canned in brine imports
under quota proviso for 1964; June p. 64.
Halibut steaks from Japan not being sold at less |
than fair value; Feb. p. 91. i
Internal Revenue Service, income tax, Alaskans ;
receive time extension for reduction claims; Aug.
p. 97. f
"occupies ocean weather station;
TRINIDAD
Soviet fishing vessels may base at ;Jan.p.73.
1964 Index
TROPICAL ATLANTIC (see INTERNATIONAL COOP-
ERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL
ATLANTIC)
TROUT
Australian farm planned in Tasmania; July
p. 46.
California hatchery losses due to food problem;
Dec, p. 30.
Canada's restocking program for and salmon
in Quebec; Dec. p. 88.
Farms, commercial, production in United States;
Aug. p. 40.
Ireland's farming of expanded; Apr, p. 59.
Rainbow eggs from Australia help expand
production at Idaho fish farm; Oct. p, 38.
United Kingdom interested in farming method de-
veloped in Norway; Nov. p. 115.
TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC, U.S. (also
see CAROLINE ISLANDS, PACIFIC TRUST TER-
RITORY)
Caroline Islands:
commercial fisheries project at Palau being de-
veloped; Dec, p, 31,
Palau Islands, fishing base planned by California
firm in; Apr. p. 32.
tuna fishing base planned in Palau Islands by U. S.
firm; Oct, p. 21.
TUNA
Albacore:
California's migration studies and tagging by
M/V "N, B. Scofield"; Nov. p. 23.
Japan:
Atlantic ocean catch improving; Oct, p. 64,
Atlantic Ocean fishery and market trends; Dec,
p. 98.
attracting deep-swimming fish to surface,
University's study of; Dec. p. 99.
export prices; Nov. p. 89.
prices, ex-vessel, still high in June 1964; Sept.
Poet.
price trends, ex-vessel, Nov.-Dec, 1963; Feb,
p. 72.
summer fishery and export trends; July p. 59,
Aug. p. 69, Sept. p. 71.
Yaizu, landings at; June p. 45.
movement off the Pacific coast in 1963, review of;
Dec, p. 13.
North Pacific abundance and distribution study;
Sept. p. 32, Dec. p. 51.
Oregon Fish Commission exploratory cruise;
Sept. p. 42.
Pacific, eastern temperate, preseason oceanograph-
ic survey in; Aug. p. 41.
Spawning studies in the South Pacific Ocean; Feb,
p. 13.
U. S. Pacific coastal area catch forecast, 1964;
Aug. p. 40,
American Samoa:
fleet as of Aug, 31, 1964; Dec. p, 25.
fleet dwindling; Nov, p. 21,
prices, ex-vessel; Aug, p. 14,
Atlantic Ocean:
FAO 43rd Session considered report on resources;
Dec. p. 73,
Japan:
government to explore for ; Oct. p. 65,
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61
TUNA
Atlantic Ocean:
Japan:
purse-seine fleet, firm to operate; Aug. p. 70.
views on proposals advanced at FAO-sponsored
meeting on conservation of ; Jan, p. 56,
resources working party meets in Rome; Jan, p, 38.
survey continued in northern area; June p, 20,
Australia:
catch of tuna could top fish catch; Sept. p. 56.
facilities expanded to handle increased catch; Nov.
p. 75.
fishery has good season; Sept, p. 56,
fishery trends, 1963-64; June p, 36,
Japanese joint venture considered; Nov, p. 76,
landings increase in fiscal year 1962/63; Sept.
p. 57.
long-lining:
modified, in inshore waters; Aug, p. 54,
survey; Apr. p. 50.
Behavior near driftwood studied by Japanese; Sept,
p. 73.
Big-eyed, European market for Japanese fish re-
ported soft; July p. 57,
Blackfin schools observed off Caribbean coast of
Colombia; Sept. p. 23.
Bluefin:
age composition of the commercial California
catch in 1963; Nov, p. 12.
age-growth studies:
by M/V "West Point"; Dec, p, 61,
of landed in California; Jan, p, 31,
Japanese ex-vessel prices in northern area; Dec,
p. 99,
New Zealand south coast explorations; Oct. p. 73.
tagged off Mexico, is recaptured near Japan;
Dec, p. 62.
tagged recaptured near Japan; Sept. p. 42.
tagging results in Atlantic Ocean for 1963 by Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution; Feb. p, 52,
U. S,. Pacific coastal area catch forecast, 1964;
Aug. p. 40.
Bluefin and albacore, Italy's tagging of young initi-
ated in Sicily; May p. 55.
California landings to Oct, 17, 1964; Dec, p, 63.
Canada:
canning, scientists devise new method to speed;
Mar, p. 49.
migrations off Atlantic coast studied; Mar, p. 45,
New Brunswick:
fishermen to enter east coast fishery; Jan. p, 44.
industry; June p. 37.
Nova Scotia, new cannery planned for; Aug. p. 55.
Canned:
Dominican Republic prices reduced; Mar, p, 53.
France's exports, industry urged to increase; May
p. 51,
Italy, Japan proposes to participate in promotion
program; May p. 55,
Japan:
canners developing domestic sales; Apr, p. 60,
export quota and prices, reductions proposed for;
Oct. p. 63.
exports; Apr. p. 60, May p. 56.
exports to U. S., canners and exporters discuss
drop in; Oct, p. 63.
exports, value of, Jan,-Sept, 1963; Feb. p. 71.
Japan Tuna Packers Association members pack
bulk of ; Aug. p. 68.
market trends; July p. 60, Aug. p. 68.
62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
TUNA (cont.)
Canned (cont.):
Japan (cont,):
market trends, Japanese comment on; Mar, p. 57.
new type product developed; Feb. p. 71.
packers and exporters study slow sales; Oct.
p. 64,
promotion in U. S.; Mar. p. 57,
specialty products, exports of; Aug. p. 68.
standard of identity amended; Apr. p. 77, June p.
62, Aug. p. 90.
"Tuna with Vegetables" imports dutiable at 20
percent ad valorem; Mar, p. 77.
U. S. industry presents award to Interior Depart-
ment for marketing assistance; July p. 34,
Canned in brine:
Japan:
export quota to U. S.; Jan, p. 54,
exports to U. S. by destination; Aug. p. 67.
exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p, 44.
sales to U. S.; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57, May p. 56,
Aug. p. 67,
whitemeat, standard prices established for; Aug.
p. 67.
United States imports:
from Japan by destination; Aug. p. 67.
under 1964 quota proviso; June p. 64,
under quota; Jan, p. 35, Feb. p. 54, Mar. p. 30,
May p. 35, July p, 36, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45,
Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63,
Canned in oil:
Japan:
export prices to Canada, 1964; Oct. p. 64.
exports; Jan, p. 54, Mar. p, 57, May p. 57, June
p. 43.
Caroline Islands:
commercial fishery project for fishing in;
Aug. p. 16.
fishing base, U. S., planned in Palau Islands;
Oct. p. 21.
Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations:
behavior studies continued by M/V "Charles H.
Gilbert"; Dec. p. 36,
behavior studies of little ; Aug. p. 16.
juvenile , results of midwater trawling for;
Dec, p. 32.
Central Pacific Ocean:
biological studies continued by M/V "Charles H.
Gilbert"; Dec. p. 35.
midwater trawls for taking juvenile tested
by M/V "Townsend Cromwell"; Dec. p. 32.
Ceylon requests loan from Japan to start fishery;
June p. 38,
Chile:
fleet to be expanded; Sept. p. 60.
industry expanding; Aug. p. 58.
Japanese joint enterprise; May p. 48.
Chinese vessels to train Cameroon fishermen;
July p. 48.
Congo-Brazzaville freezing and cold-storage plant
operated by U. S. firm; Dec, p. 89.
Cook Islands cannery, plan rejected for Japanese-
supplied; Jan, p. 48.
Costa Rica landings, 1963/64 season; Aug. p. 60.
Description of ; July p. 80,
Ecuador's industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 64.
El Salvador hopes to develop fishing and process-
. ing industry; Dec. p. 92.
FAO holds research meeting in Rome; Sept. p, 50.
1964 Index
TUNA
Fiji Islands:
base, status of; Mar, p. 53.
Japanese base, ex-vessel prices at; Dec, p, 92.
Frozen:
Denmark contracts to import from Japan; Feb. p. 72.
Italy:
import quota:
for 1963 increased; Feb, p, 71.
no increase in; May p. 55,
Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55.
prices paid for Japanese product; May p,. 54,
Japan:
export(s):
Atlantic prices; May p, 56.
calendar year 1963; June p. 42.
Cuba shipments increasing; Sept. p. 72.
Europe and Africa; Apr, p. 59.
fiscal year 1963; June p. 43.
market trends; Jan. p. 55, Feb. pp. 71, 72.
price(s):
Dec, 1963; Mar, p, 56,
for Atlantic 3; May p. 56.
strengthen; Jan, p. 54.
trends, Jan, 1964; Mar. p. 55,
quota(s):
for FY 1964; May p, 56,
for U. S.; May p. 56.
regulations, new, planned; Feb. p. 72.
United States, 1962-1963; Mar. p. 56.
validations to U. S.; Sept. p. 71, Oct. pp. 61, 62,
Dec, p. 97.
value of, third quarter 1963; Feb. p. 71.
Yugoslavia; Mar, p, 56,
Italy sales:
improving; Oct. p. 59.
slow in June 1964; Sept. p. 72,
levy reduced by Japan Frozen Tuna Sales Com-
pany; June p. 45,
prices for export; Dec, p. 97.
U. S. sales continued slow, July-Aug, 1964; Nov.
p. 89,
Ghana landings up in 1963; Aug. p. 64.
Gulf of Aden fishery trends, 1963; Mar, p. 39.
Gulf of Guinea:
biological studies by M/V ''Geronimo," results of;
Nov, p. 57.
investigations by research vessel ''Geronimo,"
cruise 4; Oct, p, 31.
Italy:
expansion of operations planned; May p, 54,
industry trends; May p. 54.
Japanese-Italian joint enterprise; May p. 54, Oct,
p. 59,
vessels for Atlantic fishing fleet, two new; Dec,
p. 96,
Japan:
American Samoa:
base, fishery official's view on; July p. 58.
Government issues special permit to land Fiji
Islands at; May p. 13.
Japanese negotiate prices with U. S. packers in;
July p. 57.
vessels in difficulty based at; Jan. p. 56.
Atlantic Ocean:
company applies to operate mothership in; Jan,
p. 55.
exports, Jan.-June 1964; Oct. p. 62.
fishing trends; Aug, p. 70, Oct. p. 65, Nov. p, 89.
behavior near driftwood studied; Sept. p. 73.
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63
TUNA (cont.) TUNA
Japan (cont,): Japan:
Cape Verde Islands:
agreement signed for joint venture in; July p. 58.
base to be constructed on; May p, 48,
landings good at; Oct. p. 66,
Costa Rica transshipment base planned; Apr. p. 61.
Durban, South Africa, transshipment operations
at; Feb. p. 73,
exporters:
adopt program for fiscal year 1964; June p, 45,
seeking more trade with Spain and Cuba; Sept,
Pe 72.
export quota allocation planned for overseas
bases; May p. 57.
Fiji Islands, British-Japanese base completed;
July p. 59, Oct. p. 57.
frozen to be exported to Cuba; July p, 57.
Indian Ocean:
mothership confronted with labor dispute at sea;
Sept. p. 74.
transshipment ports designated; Dec, p, 99.
industry organizations seek to improve their
management; May p, 57.
licenses, fishing, decline in value; Sept, p. 73,
Nov. p. 90,
long-line:
crews, fishing company to fly replacements for;
Sept. p. 73.
exploratory cruise in eastern tropical Pacific
aids U. S. shark study; July p. 61.
fisheries catch, 1963; Dec, p. 99.
long-liners refuel at sea by tanker; Sept. p. 74.
Malaysian:
bases operate at a loss; Aug. p, 69.
fishing base, shore facilities improved at; Jan,
p. 55,
Mauritius Island, Port Louis transshipment base;
Mar, p. 64.
mothership:
crew dismissed for disturbance; Oct, p, 67.
regulations for two fishing companies changed
by Government; July p. 58.
New Caledonia, Japanese to expand fishing base
in; Jan, p, 64,
offshore fishery, new, number of small vessels to
fish in; Mar, p. 62,
overseas bases:
council under study, establishment of; Sept. p, 72.
operators urged by Government to organize;
June p. 46,
regulations revised; June p, 45.
Pacific:
eastern:
mothership returns; May p, 58.
resources to be surveyed by research vessel;
Nov, p. 89.
Equatorial fishing trends, Nov, 1963; Feb, p,73,.
north, new offshore fishery in; June p. 46,
south:
fishing in; Aug. p. 69,
mothership fishing trends in; June p, 47, Aug,
p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p, 66, Dec. p, 98.
purse-seining experiment unsuccessful; July
portable-boat mothership fishery; June p. 46,
prices, high, paid in Tokyo for fresh fish; Mar.
p. 57.
purse seiners on trial runs, two new; Oct, p. 67,
refueling vessels at sea,
to continue; Jan, p. 56,
research council to be formed; Oct, p, 66,
resource management problems confronting fishing
industry, study of; Nov. p, 90,
Saint Martin, Netherlands West Indies; May p, 69,
salmon fishermen request fishing licenses;
Aug. p. 71,
specialty packs, FY 1963, exports of; July p. 60,
Tahiti and Fiji, motherships sail for; June p, 46,
Tahitian waters, mothership departs for; July p, 59,
U. S, delegation being considered; July p, 60,
U.S.S.R. shipyard launches first of five factory-
motherships ordered by; May p. 61,
vessels:
efficiency study of; May p, 63,
more move to New Caledonia area of south
Pacific; Apr, p. 61,
recovery of driftwood released by; Nov. p, 91.
refueling at sea; May p, 63, July p, 59.
small, Government stops applications for permits
to construct; Feb, p. 73.
West African Coast, Japanese negotiate with
Portuguese firm for base off; Sept. p, 72.
Yugoslav market to be surveyed; Oct, p, 81,
Federation hopes
Korea, Republic of:
vessel(s):
launched; June p, 49,
negotiations for additional; Sept. p, 82,
Larval specimens collected in the south Atlantic;
Nov, p. 48.
Little behavior studies by Honolulu Biological
Laboratory; Aug. p. 16,
Loins, frozen, Japanese export validations to U, S,;
Oct, pp. 61, 62, Dec, p, 97,
Mexico joins Inter-American Tropical Com-
mission; May p, 42,
Morocco:
cannery, new, being built in Tangier; Apr, p, 65,
exploratory fishing planned; July p. 69,
French-Moroccan joint exploration planned; Nov,
p. 102,
industry development project; May p, 68,
Netherlands West Indies:
St. Martin base:
ice vessels, six, assigned by Japanese firm to;
Aug. p. 81,
transshipment quota for; May p, 69.
New Caledonia, Noumeabase, Japanese fishing firm
withdraws from; Oct, p. 73.
North Atlantic, western, distribution studies; Feb,
p. 37, Sept. p. 28.
Okinawa's fishing fleet increasing; Jan, p. 67.
Pacific Ocean:
Palau Islands fishing base planned by California
firm; Apr. p. 32.
selective fishing to observe behavior of small
tuna in central area; June p, 12,
studies in central area continued; June p, 14,
Panama's fishing regulations for foreign vessels;
Nov, p, 104,
Promotion poster--Let*s Get Hot with Cool Tuna;
July outside back cover,
Puerto Rico, industrial ARA loan to firm in; Oct,
p. 82,
Ryukyu Islands' Government seeks changes in fish-
eries agreement with Japan; Dec, p, 111.
64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
TUNA (cont.)
Senegal to purchase four vessels from British; Nov.
p. 109,
Skipjack:
blood-typing studies in central Pacific expanded;
Nov. p. 26.
Hawaii landings:
monthly data; Jan. p. 15, Feb. p. 28, Apr. p. 19,
May p. 23.
1963; Mar. p. 21.
Japan:
Marianas, good fishing near; June p. 46,
Philippines, test purse-seining proposed off;
May p. 61.
pole-and-line fishery for being studied by
major fishing firms; Sept. p. 73.
South Africa Republic:
catches, vessel delivers good; Nov. p. 110.
fishery trends, early 1964; July p. 73.
fishing fleet, company expanding; Mar. p, 67.
Speed and swimming effort of studied; Mar,
p. 15.
Swimming behavior studied by Honolulu laboratory;
Nov. p. 25,
Taiwan fisheries:
aided by World Bank loan for purchase of new
fishing vessels; May p. 74.
outlook for 1964; May p. 74.
trends, Feb, 1964; June p. 58.
Trust Territory of the Pacific, U. S., commercial
fisheries project being developed at Palau; Dec.
p. 31,
U.S.S.R.:
Atlantic fishery, expanding Soviet fleet may have
Significance for; Oct. p. 65.
South China Sea, fishing in; June p. 59.
World -like fish catch, 1962; Mar, p. 36.
Yellowfin:
Inter-American Tropical____. Commission
recommends lower 1964 quota for fish caught in
- eastern Pacific; May p. 42.
Japanese export market trends for frozen; Apr.
p. 59, Nov. p. 89.
regulations concerning catch quota, open seasons,
and closed seasons proposed for eastern Pacific;
July p. 82.
Yugoslavia:
market for
Oct. p. 81,
vessels to be built for Atlantic fishing; Dec. p, 115.
to be surveyed by Japanese;
TUNISIA
East Germany, fisheries trade with; June p, 58.
Fisheries development; May p. 74.
Fishing vessels to be built in Yugoslavia under
economic aid program; Jan. p. 70,
Italian fishing vessels detained by 3; Jan, p. 70.
TURKEY
Fisheries limit of 12 miles considered; June p, 58.
Fishery cooperative, Greek-Turkish, proposed;
Jan, p. 38.
TURTLES
Costa Rica:
regulations for green- ; July p. 50.
two new companies established to fish for marine
may have Japanese participation; Dec.
p. 90.
Mexico's Sinaloa fishery; Aug. p. 78.
1964 Index
ULTRAVIOLET
Sterlizing unit installed in sea-water tank to deter-
mine effectiveness; Mar. p. 24.
UNDERWATER CRAFT
Submarine, one-man fiberglass, developed in West
Germany; Aug. p. 63.
U.S.S.R. designs
July p. 76.
for Barents Sea studies;
UNDERWATER TV CAMERA
Fish reactions to electric field seen with
during M/V "Delaware" cruise; Nov. p. 43.
United Kingdom's improved to aid in marine
research; Jan, p. 71.
UNESCO
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission's
Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964;
July p. 44.
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S. R.)
Alaska:
crab fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7.
fishing:
activity by ; Oct. p. 12, Nov. p. 15, Dec, p. 22.
fleet of off Yakutat; July p. 7,
Portlock Bank,
trawl fishery of
Sept. p. 10,
Alaska, Gulf of:
continues to fish; July p. 7.
in Bering Sea during June;
fishing:
activity of ; May p. 12, June p. 9,
efforts of ; Mar. p. 8, May p. 76.
king crab activity during June; Sept. p. 10.
Atlantic Ocean, fishing fleets in; May p. 75.
Bering Sea:
eastern, fishing efforts of
November 1963; Mar. p. 8.
fishing activities; Apr. p. 9, May p. 76, Aug. pp.
10, 11,
fleets in; May pp. 12, 75.
Bulgaria high-seas fisheries development aided by
; Apr. p. 51,
Catch:
and principal species; Nov. Supplement p, 15.
goal, fisheries, increased for 1964; Feb. p. 84,
Crab, king, negotiations with Japan concluded; July
p. 42.
Cuba's fisheries expansion claimed result of
aid; Dec, p. 90.
Danish fishing operations, Soviet interference
claimed with: Apr. p. 74.
Electronic fishing gear being tested; July p. 76.
Factoryship(s):
eight, to be built by Japanese for ; Nov. p. 97.
fishing type, built by West German shipyard for
» Specifications of; Feb. p. 84.
for north Pacific, construction near completion of
one; Nov. p. 114,
ninth, construction started of; Apr. p. 73.
Far East fisheries expansion; Nov. Supplement p. 1,
Fisheries:
development hampered; June p, 60,
developments in since 1913; July p. 76.
in 1963, with emphasis on activities off U. S.
coasts, overall view of; Nov. Supplement p. 15,
plans for 1964; Apr. p. 73.
production, marine, goals for 1963 exceeded; Feb,
p. 84,
withdrawn in
1964 Index
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.)
(cont.)
Fisheries (cont.):
research; July p, 75.
Fishery developments; Nov. p. 113,
Fish farm on Lake Hanka, Soviet Far East; Nov.
Supplement p, 18.
Fishing:
areas used by ; Nov, Supplement p, 16,
industry; July p. 74.
Fleets:
and vessels; Nov. Supplement p, 17.
fishing; July p. 74.
operating off U, S. coasts in 1963; June p, 59,
seek fish rather than profits, Soviets say they;
Aug. p. 86,
Freezerships, new trade agreement with Denmark
may include; Jan, p. 49,
French shipyards receive orders from for
factoryships and from South Korea for trawlers;
Nov, p. 83.
Frozen fish, Icelandic, sold to ; May p. 52,
Fur seals, Soviet Union ratifies Protocol amending
interim convention on North Pacific; June p, 35,
Gear, fishing, Danish fishermen protest careless
disposal of; Apr. p. 57.
Ghana;
fisheries agreement signed with; Mar. p, 54,
import duty on fish affects Japanese and
trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar, p. 54,
technical fisheries assistance from re-
ceived by; Nov. p. 84.
Gulf of Aden fishing activities, June-October 1964;
Mar, p, 39,
Halibut concentrations found in Barents Sea; Oct,
p. 80,
Indian Ocean tuna fishery, participates in;
Jan, p. 73.
International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries protocol concerning harp and hood
seals, ratifies; July p. 42.
Irano-Soviet agreement for economic and technical
cooperation; Jan, p. 53.
Japan-Soviet fisheries conference opened in Moscow
on March 2, 1964; May p. 43.
Kelp fishery agreement with Japan; July p, 67, Oct,
p. 72.
Kodiak Island trawl fisheries by
October 1963; Feb, p. 10..
Landings:
increase forecast; July p. 74.
in 1964 expected to surpass catch target; Nov.
p. 112.
Marine oil production from Antarctic whaling,
1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct, p, 49.
North Atlantic Ocean:
activities of on Georges Bank during
October 1964; Dec. p. 49.
vessels of return to grounds off New Eng-
land; June p. 59, July p. 23.
North Pacific whaling fleet to be increased; July
p. 76,
Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission eighth
annual conference, progress on; June p, 35,
Oceanographers, United States and , ex=
change visits; Nov. p. 50,
Pribilof Islands trawling efforts in Jan, 1964; Mar,
p. 8.
Processing, fish, plants for Ghana, signs
contract to build; Jan, p. 50,
reduced in
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S, R.)
Salmon:
and sturgeon, Soviet scientists develop new species
of; May p. 76,
catch, 1963; June p, 60,
farming in Latvia; April p, 74.
hatchery-reared chum fry, theories on the inferior
quality of; Nov, p. 143,
North Pacific fishery negotiations with Japanese
concluded; July pp. 42, 62.
Pacific hatcheries and fisheries; July p, 75.
Seals:
harp fishery in Northwest Atlantic,
pates in; Mar, p, 46.
Norwegian-Soviet Seal Commission sixth session
held in Oslo; Feb, p. 65.
Shrimp, vessels of fish in Bering Sea for;
July p. 7.
Siberia's fresh-water fisheries; Apr. p. 74.
Sound waves, Soviets claim marine groups can be
identified by; Aug. p. 86.
South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico fishing activity by
; Aug. p. 38.
Sturgeon:
fry hatched artificially with new type equipment;
Mar, p. 27.
new variety developed by sroeptpe ote
Sudan, fishery technicians from complete
survey of Red Sea waters off; Apr. p. 72.
Togo imports more fishery products from in
1963; July p. 74.
Trawlers:
built for by East Germany; Dec, p, 94,
freezership type built for by Danish ship-
yard; Oct, p. 56. wi
freezer type:
four new ones delivered to Soviet Atlantic fishing
fleet; May p. 76,
new series under construction in Denmark for
V/O Sudoimport; Mar, p. 70.
three more ordered from Danish shipyard; May
p. 75.
Trawling:
deep-water fishing recommended by State Fisher-
ies Production Commission; Dec, p, 114,
gear, new deep-water, developed; Oct, p. 80,
Tuna:
Atlantic fishery, expanding Soviet fleet may have
significance for; Oct, p. 65.
Japanese shipyard launches first of five factory-
motherships ordered by ; May p. 61,
South China Sea, fishing in; June p, 59.
U.S. and delegations discuss fishing gear
conflicts In northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept. p. 51.
Vessels:
floating docks, two, built in Sweden for i
Nov, p. 113,
foreign construction for
describes; Nov. p, 113,
freezer-transports, ten, built in Sweden for Soviet
fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113,
Japan building fishing craft for ; Apr. p. 73,
new one for research launched; Jan, p. 73.
Polish-built factoryship delivered, new; Mar,p,71.
Trinidad as base for fishing craft; Jan. p. 73.
underwater craft designed for Barents Sea
studies; July p. 76.
Whale distribution in northeast Pacific shown on
new map; Sept, p. 56,
partici-
, soviet Premier
66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S. R.)
(cont. )
Whaling:
Antarctic:
catch allocation, conference proposed by
for revision of; Nov. p. 72.
fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar. p. 38.
north Pacific operations; Sept. p. 10.
UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC
Fish canning; Mar. p. 72.
Foreign trade in fishery products, January-June
1963; Sept. p. 98.
Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July
p. 41,
UNITED KINGDOM
Aden fisheries development prcject, con-
tributes to; Oct. p,. 50.
Boxing-fish-at-sea tests carried out by trawler;
Mar. p. 73, Nov. p. 114,
Canned fish marketing trends; Feb. p, 85.
Danish-British fishery cooperation, talks on; May
p. 77.
European Fisheries Conference in London; Jan.
p. 72, Feb. p. 59.
Faroese:
landings of iced fish in may be subject to
quota; May p. 49.
shipments of frozen fish to may be subject
to quota; May p. 49.
Fish-drying process cut to 30 hours by new ma-
chine; July p. 80.
Fishermen, trawler, get more pay and additional
paid holidays; Mar. p. 72.
Fishing industry; July p. 78.
Fishing limits discussions between and Nor-
way; Sept. p. 49.
Fleet, fishing; July p. 79.
Freezership-trawlers expanding, British fleet of;
Jan. p. 71.
Freezer-trawler:
fleet, newest addition (''Cape Kennedy") launched
to; Sept. p. 98.
lands blocks of whole frozen fish; May p. 76.
new one sails on maiden voyage; Oct. p. 81.
Frozen fish thawing unit, new; Mar. p. 73.
Frozen processed fishery products production,
1963; July p. 79.
Korean fish-factoryship, British freezing equip-
ment ordered for; Apr. p. 76.
Loans, fishery, interest rates revised; Jan. p. 71,
Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 75.
Marine oil:
imports, 1962-1963; Oct. p. 80.
production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63
season; Oct, p. 49.
utilization in margarine, 1962-1963; Oct. p. 81.
Marketing:
information service for fish introduced by White
Fish Authority; Aug. p. 86.
of fish; July p. 79.
Norway signs agreement with on fishing for
dogfish and basking shark; Dec, p, 109,
Oil explorations in North Sea discussed, danger to
fisheries from; Oct. p. 80.
Persian Gulf, commercial fishery to be developed
by British firm in; Dec. p, 109.
UNITED KINGDOM
Polish:
fisheries transshipment base in North Shields,
England, during summer of 1963; June p. 56,
fishing industry seeks cold=storage plant in ;
June p. 55,
Portugal gets refrigeration equipment from
to modernize fishing industry; Oct. p. 76.
Prices, new reserve auction first sales, introduced
for fish landings; Apr. p. 75.
Purse-seine vessels, two British-built, acquired by
Chilean company; June p. 61,
Salmon:
farming method Beycloped in Norway attracts in-
terest in ; Nov. p. 115.
canned Japanese. sale to ; Dec. p. 100.
Shark fillets, smoked, markets first shipment
of; Nov. p. 115.
Shrimp, canned, Japanese exports to ; Dec. p.
103.
Silver cod trophy for 1963 won by trawler "Stella
Leonis"; Mar. p. 75; correction May p. 77.
Tariff(s):
reduction on certain fishery imports from EFTA
countries; Apr. p. 4
worldwide reduction asked by British Prime Min-
ister; July p. 78.
Trawler(s):
freezer-type, new, launched; Apr. p. 76.
giant boulder landed by; May p. 101.
silver cod trophy for 1963 won py "Stella Leonis" 2
Mar. p. 75; correction May p. 77.
stern type:
Norwegian dishing factory lands frozen processed
catch in ; July p. 70.
refrigerated models, British firm plans to expand
fleet of; July P. 79.
semiautomated "Daring" class to be built, two
new; Dec, p. 115,
Trawling, stern, reviewed at conference held in
; Feb. p. 85.
Trout farming method developed in Norway attracts
interest in ; Nov. p. 115.
Tuna:
Fiji Islands base; July p. 59, Oct. p. 57.
Senegal to purchase four vessels from ; Nov.
p. 109,
Underwater TV camera, improved-type, to aid in
marine research; Jan. p. 71.
U. S. exports of fishery products to in 1962,
trends in; Feb. p. 55, :
Vessel and gear research, White Fish Authority
establishes Industrial Development Unit in Hull;
Aug. p. 87.
Vessels, fishing, two new Icelandic, delivered by
shipyard; July p. 56,
Whaling 1963/64 season, does not participate
in; Mar. p. 38. ewes
UNITED NATIONS
Aden fisheries development project, special
fund contributes to; Oct. p. 50.
El Salvador fisheries aid extended from
special fund; Dec. p. 91.
Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Convention
enters into force; Oct. p. 49.
UNITED STATES
Denmark appoints new Fisheries Attache for
and Canada; Nov. p. 83.
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67
UNITED STATES (cont.)
Fisheries important to ; July p. 106,
Fishery products, more, used in in 1963;
May p. 34,
Fish-processing and freezing plant to be built in
Alula (Somali Republic) as joint -Somali
venture; June p, 58
Irish- cooperation in joint fisheries projects;
May p. 46.
Japanese fisheries mission scheduled to visit
and Canada; June p, 48,
North American Fisheries Conference, participa-
tion by scheduled in; Dec, p. 70,
Soviet:
and delegations discuss fishing gear con-
flicts in northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept. p, 51.
fisheries in 1963, with emphasis on activities off
coasts, overall view of; Nov. Supplement
Delos
Tuna:
frozen, Japanese sales to continued slow,
July-Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 5.
Japanese delegation to being considered;
July p. 60. ae
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Federal Maritime Commission order for lower
Alaska transportation rates stayed by ; Sept.
p. 104,
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
Institute of Marine Science:
billfish research cruise by M/V "John Elliott
Pillsbury"; Sept. p. 28.
vessels, research, not subject to union rules;
Aug, p. 35,
Oceanography grants awarded for sea floor studies;
Aug. p. 36,
UNLOADER
Mechanical for fishing vessels being devel-
oped; Aug. p. o2.
UNLOADING FISH
Air pump for ; Aug. p. 21.
VEGETATION
Water in ponds, grass carp from Malaysia
to fight; Dec. p. 26.
VENEZUELA
Exploratory fishing survey off the coast of
by M/V "Oregon"; Jan, p. 12.
Shrimp-processing plant, new; Feb. p. 87.
VESSEL(S)
Aden's fisheries research , new; Feb. p, 66.
Alaska:
fishermen, six new being built for; June p. 9,
southeast, gear count for registered fishing
completed; Aug, p. 13,
Aluminum fish hold for Japanese fishing :
Dec, p, 102,
Ceylon negotiates abroad for purchase of tuna and
trawling ; Nov. p. 80,
Charter fishing loan regulations; Aug. p. 95.
Coast Guard, U. S., commissions new search and
rescue "Vigilant"; Dec. p. 63.
Construction assistance for fishing » proposed
regulations announced for; Dec, p,
VESSEL(S)
Factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by New-
foundland (Canada) firm from Dutch shipyard; July
. 49,
Fisheries Loan Fund and other financial aid for
; Feb. p. 52, June p, 29, Aug. p. 42, Nov. p. 61.
Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, proposed regulations
announced for notice and hearing requirements of;
Dec, p. 123,
Freezership-trawler M/S ''Geizer'' for Soviet Union,
Danish shipyard builds; Oct, p. 56.
German Federal Republic research "Meteor
II"; Feb, p. 68, Serer.
Icelandic fishing , two new, delivered by Brit-
ish shipyard; July p. 56.
Israel's freezer-trawler ''Azgad II,'' new; Apr. p. 59.
Italy's Atlantic operations, fishing ‘fleet and planned
additions in 1964 for; Dec, p, 96,
Japan:
construction permits for fishing , late 1963;
Feb, p. 73, Mar. p. 63.
engines, high speed, recommended for fishing
; Mar. p. 63.
Fisheries Agency to build large research g
Nov. p. 98.
Korea, Republic of:
Italian-French fishing contract modified;
Apr. p. 62,
specifications of fishing fleet ordered from France;
Dec, p. 105;
Mexico's four fishery training ; Nov. p. 102,
Motors, outboard, increase fishing e efficiency of
traditional craft in six countries; July p. 40.
Netherlands? trawler ''Tinie Cornelia," new dual-
purpose; July p. 69.
New England fishing use signal for Soviets to
yield right of way; July p, 23.
Poland:
construction program for fishing ; Nov. p, 107,
trawlers, specifications and description of; Nov.
p. 108,
Purse-seiners:
charters sought by Washington State Department of
Fisheries for; June p, 32,
two British-built acquired by Chilean company;
June p, 61,
Refrigeration aboard fishing , developments in;
Mar, p. 48, ue <
Research
Bureau of Co raaereial Fisheries, U. S.:
"Geronimo" participates in EQUALANT III in
Gulf of Guinea; Apr. p. 47,
new commissioned for; Mar, p, 32,
Duke University to acquire new one; Jan, p, 27.
East German fishery participates in joint project;
Jan, p. 73.
exploratory fishing , new, "Delaware II" to be
built as; Aug. p. 427 —
German Federal Republic's ''Walther Herwig'' com-
missioned; July p. 53,
Miami University craft not subject to union rules;
Aug. p. 35,
"Oceanographer" launched; June p, 23.
oceanographic , new, for Beaudette Founda-
tion for Biological Research; Apr, p. 27.
platform with derrick, small portable marine
work; Nov, p. 50,
"Silas Bent" launched, new oceanographic ;
Oct, p. 32.
Soviets launch new one; Jan, p. 73.
68
VESSEL(S) (cont.)
Research (cont.):
submarine, deep-diving, for oceanographic work
commissioned by Woods Hole Oceanographic In-
stitution; Aug. p. 36.
"Thomas G. Thompson" launched; Oct, p. 32.
"Townsend Cromwell" completes successful
maiden voyage; May p. 13.
"Trident" completes first year of operation; Jan,
p. 27.
"Yaquina' commissioned by Oregon State Univer-
sity; Dec. p. 55.
Sailing , 'Bluenose"--Canada's most famous;
Oct, outside back cover.
Shrimp otter trawlers in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S.
utilization of, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1.
South Africa Republic:
drum-trawl fishing, new
p. 95,
fiberglass
Nov. p. 112,
Stability of fishing Panel of Experts holds
first session in London, July 13-17, 1964; Oct.
p. 47.
Stern-trawler ''Canyon Prince,’
p. 61,
Structural research for small
meeting on; Sept. p. 64. :
Submarine, deep-diving, for Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institution; Apr. p. 25.
Swordfish vessel 'Chilmark Sword," new, delivered;
Dec, p. 64,
Trawler, Norwegian stern-fishing factory, lands
frozen processed in catch in England; July p. 70.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.):
freezer-transport , ten, built in Sweden for
fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113.
freezer-trawlers:
four new ones delivered to Soviet Atlantic fishing
fleet; May p. 76.
new series under construction in Denmark; Mar,
p. 70.
Japan builds fishing for; Apr. p. 73.
Polish-built factoryship delivered, new; Mar. p.71.
underwater craft designed for Barents Sea studies;
July p. 76.
United Kingdom:
freezer-trawler:
new one launched; Apr. p. 76.
new one sails on maiden voyage; Oct. p. 81.
trawlers of ''Daring" class to be built, two new
semiautomated; Dec, p, 115.
White Fish Authority research by (Hull)
Industrial Development Unit; Aug. p. 87.
United States:
Fishing Fleet Improvement Act construction as-
sistance for fishing » proposed regulations
announced for; Dec. p. 121.
fishing documents issued and cancelled;
Jan, p. 30, Feb. pp. 53, 54, Apr. p. 35, June pp.
30, 31, Aug. p. 42, Sept. p. 43, Nov. pp. 59, 60,
Dec, p. 65.
Unloading fishing , ‘airlift'’ pump developed
by Canada for; Mar. p. 48.
equipped for; Sept.
successful in pilchard fishery;
"new small; Nov.
, Denmark plans
Whaling:
catcher , two Netherlands, sold to Norway;
Oct. p. 73.
factoryship, Netherlands, sold to Japan; Oct. p.
73.
Yugoslavia's construction plan, 1964-1970; Dec, p. 115.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
1964 Index
VESSEL SEIZURES
Canada convicts Spanish trawler for violation of
territorial waters; Sept. p. 59.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION, U.S.
Canned fish, estimated requirements from 1964
packs; Apr. p. 16.
VIETNAM, SOUTH
Shrimp:
exports from to Japan up in 1963; July p. 80.
fishing potential; May p. 72.
VIRGINIA
Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p. 17.
Clam, surf, survey off Maryland and ; Nov.
p. 41, )
Oysters: tt
disease-resistant breeding stock; Sept. p. 36.
James River seed beds, light strike in 1964 in;
Nov. p. 51.
VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE
Chesapeake Bay research conference points up
problem areas; Apr. p. 13.
Oysters, development of disease-resistant strains;
Nov. p. 52.
WAGES
California fishermen's , 1962; Feb. p, 11.
Discrimination on account of sex, new regulations
prohibit; Aug. p. 97.
Minimum , new, for onshore fishery workers;
Nov. p. 64,
Shellfish industry , Labor Department to make
another survey of; Mar. p. 77.
WASHINGTON
Bottomfish trawling survey off coast by M/V
"John N. Cobb,'' cruise 65; Sept. p. 31,
Crab fishermen's organization in
bars restraint of trade by; Oct. p. 83.
Federal funds allocated to State of
ies program; Sept, p. 18. ‘Seen
Fishery technicians to be trained at Peninsula Col-
lege; May p. 37.
Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963; May p. 36,
Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher-
men; Nov, p. 58.
Puget Sound and adjacent waters fish and wildlife
resources, survey of; Nov. p. 64.
Purse-seine vessel charters sought by Department
of Fisheries; June p. 32.
State, FTC
for fisher-
Rail-barge service expanded for Alaska- 3
Feb. p. 52.
Salmon:
fish farm, new, established by cooperative effort;
May p. 31.
Northwest rivers receive record plants of silver
and spring chinook yearlings; June p. 25.
planting program continues; July p. 36.
sport fishermen catch in 1963; May p. 37.
tagging in Puget Sound continued; Aug. p. 45.
Yakima River, excessive fishing damages chinook
run in; Dec, p. 67.
Shark, dogfish, hatchery fish feed from; July p. 37.
Shellfish industry affected by recent disasters; Oct.
p. 37.
Steelhead trout incidental catch minimized by larger
mesh nets; June p. 32.
1964 Index
WASHINGTON (cont.)
Willapa Bay oyster industry study approved by
ARA; Feb, p. 88,
WASTE WATER
Fish reduction industry, purification and
protein extraction process may be applied to; Aug.
p. 61,
WEA THER
Gulf of Mexico, storm warning buoys for; Nov. p. 65.
Machine, new, developed to predict ; Nov.
Supplement p. 34,
WEEDS (see AQUATIC WEEDS)
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Standards and inspection programs for fishery
products, USDI, weights and measures activities
in the; Oct, p. 8.
WEST AFRICA
Japanese:
distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar. p. 61,
fishery developments in 5 Apr. p. 625
trawlers, stern, sent to fishing grounds;
July p. 65,
Trawl fishery in Atlantic, Japanese, 1963; Sept,
p. 77.
Tuna:
Japanese:
firm to operate purse-seine fleet off coast of
; Aug. p. 70.
negotiate with Portuguese firm for base off
coast; Sept. p. 72.
test new long-line gear off
coast; Feb, p.73,
WESTERN EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE
Denmark ratifies fisheries convention and extension
of fishing limits; Aug. p. 61.
WHALE MEAT
Japan:
Antarctic production, 1962/63 season; Mar. p. 61,
Antarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80,
Fisheries Agency approves Japanese-Chilean
meat sales agreement; Nov. p. 97.
WHALE OIL
Antarctic:
Japanese fleets look for better market in 1964;
Jan, p. 60,
production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 seasons; Oct.
p. 49.
Japan:
export targets; June p. 46,
production, 1962/63 season; Mar. p. 61.
Norway's Antarctic production, Feb. 8, 1964; Apr.
p. 68.
Peru's exports, 1963; Aug, p. 83.
WHA LE(S)
Marking project off southern California; June p, 33,
Pacific, northeast, distribution shown on new
Soviet map; Sept. p. 56,
South Africa Republic catch, 1963; Nov. p, 111.
WHALING
Antarctic:
catch allocation, Soviets propose conference for
revision of; Nov, p, 72.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69
WHALING
Antarctic:
fin-whale catch, FAO appeals for voluntary limits
on; Jan, p, 41,
fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar, p. 38.
Japan:
fleets' composition and production targets,
1963/64; Jan, p. 59.
fleets look for better oil market in 1963/64; Jan,
p. 60,
industry trends; May p. 62,
Norwegian industry encouraged by higher oil prices;
Jan, p. 65,
outlook for 1963/64 season; Apr. p. 49.
Chile issues new regulations on foreign permits;
June p, 38,
International Commission:
regulations amended; Aug. p. 92.
16th annual meeting held at Sandefjord, Norway;
Aug. p. 52, Sept. p. 54.
Japan;
Alaska, activity during June off; Sept. p, 11.
Antarctic:
catch and products produced, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80,
fleets; May p. 62,
Brazilian-Japanese joint enterprise to continue
operations; Apr. p. 62, June p. 37.
Brazil, operations off; May p. 62, Oct. p. 52.
catcher vessels off Chile, licenses issued to oper-
ate two; Mar. p. 62.
Chilean firm, whalers begin operations for; June
p. 38,
Dutch factoryship:
Japanese Fisheries Agency authorizes purchase
of; Oct. p. 72.
may be purchased by Japanese; Aug. p. 76.
Ecuador operation presents problems; May p, 62.
foreign-based operations studied, establishment
of; Mar, p. 61.
Mexican joint venture in Mexico proposed; Nov.
p. 102,
Netherlands factoryship sale offer, decision post-
poned on; Apr. p. 62,
oil and meat production, 1962/63 season; Mar.
p. 61,
South America bases to be surveyed by
firm; Apr. p. 62.
South Georgia Island base, fishing company plans
to close; May p. 63.
Netherlands:
Antarctic results, 1963/64 season; Mar. p, 65,
July p. 69,
catcher vessels, two, sold to Norway; Oct. p. 73.
factoryship offered for sale to Japan; Apr, p. 66,
factoryship sold to Japan; Oct. p, 73.
North Pacific Soviet fleet to be increased; July p, 76,
Norway's industry trends; May p. 70, June p, 52.
Pacific coast licenses; June p, 64,
Pacific, northeast, whale distribution shown on new
Soviet map; Sept, p. 56.
Sperm by New Zealand promising in early
1964; Sept. p. 85.
Sweden withdraws from International
tion; Apr. p, 72.
U.S.S.R. in north Pacific; Sept. p. 10.
Conven-
WHALING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL
Regulations amended; Aug. p, 92,
Sixteenth annual meeting held; Aug. p. 52, Sept. p. 54,
U. S. whale marking project off southern California;
June p. 33,
70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
WHALING CONVENTION, INTERNATIONAL
Norway's withdrawal proposed again; Jan. p. 67.
Sweden withdraws; Apr. p. 72.
WHITEFISH
Lake Superior, western, spawning assessed
by research vessel ''Siscowet"'; Mar. p. 17.
WHITE HOUSE
San Pedro Fishermen's Fiesta, President lauds;
Dec, p. 127.
WHITING
Georges Bank abundance holding up despite heavier
fishing; July p. 23.
North Atlantic escapement study by M/V ''Dela-
ware"; Nov. p. 42.
WHOLESALE PRICES (see PRICES)
WISCONSIN
Fish meal and oil plant, ARA industrial loan tohelp
establish new; Oct. p. 82.
Great Lakes fishery landings, 1963; May p. 39.
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRA PHIC INSTITUTION
Game fish tagging program report for 1963; Feb.
p. 52.
WORLD
Fisheries development role of FAO, ad hoc
committee to study; Dec, p. 73.
Fish meal:
production, Aug.-Oct. 1964; Feb. p. 59.
supply indicators for principal importing and ex-
porting countries, 1963; Aug. p. 48.
trade, 1958-1963; Oct. p. 44.
Fish oil exports, 1963; Sept. p. 50,
Landings, fishery; Mar. p. 36, Dec. p. 70.
Tuna-like fish catch, 1962; Mar. p. 36,
WORLD BANK
Taiwan's tuna fisheries aided by loan for purchase
of new fishing vessels; May p. 74.
WORLD FISHING GEAR CONGRESS, SECOND
Report on ; May p. 1.
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM
Fishery products in the ; Feb. p. 60.
1964 Index
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Codex Alimentarius Commission:
Food Hygiene Worldwide Expert Committee meets
in Washington; Dec. p. 76.
Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec, p. 75.
International Atomic Energy Agency requests re-
search by on control of harmful organisms
in foods and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53.
Sanitary regulations in international traffic in
animals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74.
WORLD TRADE
FAO model standard for in fishery products
worked out by fisheries group; May p. 40.
WORLD'S FAIR
Sardines, Maine, displayed at the _; Junep. 19.
YELLOW PERCH
Filleting machine now in operation in Great Lakes
region; Apr. p. 16.
Lake Erie landings down sharply in 1964; Nov. p. 33.
Lake Michigan seasonal distribution and abundance
studies continued by M/V ''Kaho"'; Noy. p. 33, Dec.
p. 40.
YELLOW PIKE
Lake Erie commercial landings increase predicted;
Mar. p. 34,
YUGOSLAVIA
Ceylon receives fishing trawler built in
p. 89.
Fisheries development program, 1964-1970; Dec.
p. 115,
Fisheries trends, 1964; Dec, p. 115,
Fish meal plant opened at Zadar and 4 other new
plants planned; Dec, p, 115,
Tuna:
frozen, Japanese exports to ; Mar. p. 56,
Japanese to survey market in ; Oct, p. 81,
vessels to be built for Atlantic fishing; Dec. p. 115.
Tunisian economic aid program, to build
fishing vessels under; Jan, p. 70,
Vessels:
construction plan, 1964-1970; Dec. p, 115,
trawlers ordered by Ceylon in ; Nov. p. 80.
; Dec.
ZANZIBAR
Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa
crustaceans specialist meeting held in :
Apr. p. 40. i
Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p. 41.
Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—-a department of conservation--is concerned with the
management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park
and recreational resources. Jt also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.
As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable
resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future,
and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the
United States--now and in the future.
Issued May 1965
1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71
Fish ladders are series of pools a
that lead the migrating fish over = es Modeaald al ails,
high dams y = =-—
WHAT MAN MUST KNOW ABOUT FISH
Men have been fishing for thousands of years but know
comparatively little about fish and what affects their
abundance and movements. "Sea culture" is a new science and
the restlessness of the ocean complicates our efforts to unlock its
The flat-bodied halibut spends Secrets.
most of its life buried in the sand The supply of fish in the ocean is not inexhaustible and Man must
cnitherocean|tloor practice conservation in the sea just as he is beginning to practice
conservation on the land,
When, where, and how many,.--A most important fact the
fishery conservationist must learn is the "maximum sustainable yield"
of each species--that is, the greatest number that can be harvested
each year yet leave enough for harvesting the next year andthe next, The
conservationist must also predict when and where the fish are available
to the fishermen, The fishermen can then prepare for big or small
harvests as conditions warrant, "Predicting abundance" is a primary
The brilliantly colored tilefish objective of fishery scientists since it provides a basis for regulating
lives in northern waters although the catch and can be animportant factor in increasing fishing efficiency.
it belongs to a tropical family How, how, and how, -- But knowing "when, where, and how many"
is only part of the work of the fishery conservationist, He must be
able to tell the fishing industry howto make the best possible catch
without damage to the resource; how to get high-quality fishery
products to the family table at a reasonable price; and how to make
the best use of fish for industrial purposes.
Intriguing mysteries .--Solving these problems include find-
ing the reason why a species such as the tilefish suddenly disappears
from its haunts and is missing for years to reappear suddenly in great
numbers; the reason for heavy mortality of a species when known con-
ditions appear normal; the "spark" which causes the "red tide"
organism to suddenly increase in numbers, killing millions of fish,
Some recognized dangers.--Predators, such as squawfish
awaiting young salmon at a river mouth; starfish and drills ruining an
oyster harvest; green crabs killing clams; sea lamprey attacking the
Great Lakes trout, must be controlled, Obstructions, such as dams
blocking fish runs; irrigation outlets and power turbine intakes divert-
ing fish from their course, must be bypassed, Silt that covers spawning
grounds and shellfish beds or ruins growth of aquatic plants by making
the water too murky for sunlight to penetrate; water fluctuations that
Electrical barriers stop adult drown out or dry up spawning areas; domestic and industrial pollution;
lampreys moving upstream to careless use of pesticides, all pose problems of great concern to the
spawn conservationist,
2.
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VOL. 26, NO. lla NOVEMBER 1964 - SUPPLEMENT
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR
SEPA ee Noose ann DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C, BAKER, ASST, DIRECTOR
CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISS|ONER
; ; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
A review of developments and news of the fishery industries
prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES,
Joseph Pileggi, Editor
G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors
Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209.
Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not
responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources.
Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely,
reference to the source is appreciated.
Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the
Budget, May 1, 1963.
5/31/68
CONTENTS
COVER: An unprecedented growth of the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet is taking place.
During 1960-63, the Soviet Government added to that fleet over 200 modem fishing,
fish-processing, whaling, and support vessels. Shown is a vessel of the Skryplev
class. Designated a refrigerator transport, it is virtually a factoryship that can freeze
fish and manufacture fish meal andoil. A distinctive feature of this vessel is a stern
ramp fitted with a gate which can be closed,
Page
1 . .Soviet Far East Fisheries Expansion, by Milan A, Kravanja
15 . .Overall View of Soviet Fisheries in 1963, with Emphasis on Activities off United States
Coasts, by Loyal G. Bouchard
19 . .Supply, Sustained Yield, and Management of the Maine Lobster Resource, by Robert L.
Dow
27 ..Trawling Results of the R/V Anton Bruun in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, by
A, T. Pruter
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COMMERCIA
November 1964 - Supplement |
SOVIET FAR EAST FISHERIES EXPANSION
By Milan A. Kravanja*
ABSTRACT
Fisheries are today the most important industry in the Soviet Far East, an Economic Re=
gion encompassing all coastal provinces between Siberia and the Pacific, This prominence
was achieved with the help of a generous investment program, which has resulted in greatly
increased fishery landings. From 1950 to 1963, the production of fish and other aquatic ani-
mals rose by 313 percent to 1.5 million tons, an alletime record. This increase was accelere
ated during the last 4 years by additions of over 200 large modem fishing, fish-transporting,
and fish=processing vessels. A large whaleehunting fleet was also created. The article de=
scribes 13 recently added Soviet vessel types in considerable technical detail. Statistical
tables, maps, and photographs accompany the text.
BACKGROUND
Fishing is the most important industry in the Soviet Far East (fig. 1). In 1962 the value
of the iors output from the Far East fisheries amounted to nearly 1 billion rubles (US$1.1
billionl/), This value was almost 30 percent of the value of the total industrial output in the
Soviet Far East. The Far East fisheries are today a vast complex of fishing fleets, port fa-
cilities, and shore-based processing plants served by thousands of fishermen, longshoremen,
and industrial workers. Allis directed by a single regional administrative body, the Main
Administration of Far East Fisheries.
Increased Soviet Far East fishery landings were made possible by a generous capital invest-
ment program. Like inall other Soviet industries, overall policy and programs for the fishing in-
dustry are determined by the central government in Moscow. The five-year plans for 1946-
50 and 1951-55 allocated to the Far East Region nearly 35 percent of the total Soviet invest-
ment in the fishing industry--of the $1.3 bil-
lion provided during that 10-year period, the Table 1 - Capital Investment in the Soviet Fishing Industry ,
Far East received $461,000,000 (table 1). The Seb rae ee
seven-year plan for 1959-65 shows a striking 1959-65 ieaseee
increase in capital investment, with $2.2 bil- ; = rons oh ESE) a te
lion allocated to the entire Soviet fishing in- Far East Region:
dustry; by 1965 the Far East will have re- Kamchatka Oblast’ .
ceived $728.7 million (or 33 percent of the to- Sakhalin Oblast! . .
tal). The principal beneficiary of current in- SEBEERONEIEER 3ybt 1802 i
creased investment outlays is the Maritime SL Ea Ee ee tee
Province (Primorskii Krai), situated near 1,506.6 545.2 322.3
Mainland China. This area's annual fishery Total WsSeS. Ror, vend] 2)235¢3. of) 836.2 J, 492.1
investments increased from $8.9 million al- Note: In converting Soviet internal rubles into U. S. dollars,
located during the 1951-55 5-Year Plan, to the soecalled official Soviet conversion rate of U.S.S.R. ruble
$69.4 Wi dugi 7- 2 Pp 1.00 = US$1.10 has been used.
-4 million during the current 7-Year Plan, source: Mikhailov 1962.
or by almost 700 percent.
FISHERY ADMINISTRATION
Until 1959, the fishing industries of the Far East administrative provinces were con-
trolled by local Economic Councils (Sovnarkhozes), as were other Far East industries. Lack
Foreign Fisheries Specialist, Branch of Foreign Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C.
1/In converting Soviet internal rubles into U.S. dollars, the so-called official Soviet conversion rate of USSR ruble 1.00 = US$1. 10 has
been used,
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 714
2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
of centralized control led to many difficulties. Exploratory fishing efforts, for example, were
duplicated by provinces. Shore processing facilities were overloaded in one province, while
installations in other provinces remained idle. ‘The Far East fishing industry was reorgan-
ized at the end of 1959, and centralized control was given to a new organization--the Main Ad-
ministration of Far East Fisheries (Glavnoe Upravlenie Dal'nevostochnoi Rybnoi Promyshlen-
nosti, usually abbreviated in Soviet writings to Glavdal'vostokrybprom). The Main Adminis -
ministration, located at Vladivostok, is responsible to the Council of Ministers of the Russian
Soviet Socialist Republic and to the Federal Committee on Fisheries, both in Moscow. This
centralization has been found so effective in increasing production, that in 1962 the Soviet
Union also reorganized its European-based fisheries into four major fishery administrations.
.
AX
Le
ae
YAKU SKAYA
KRASNOYARSKIY
| yl Fee 1
\ ci sth Seen
Hy \ SOO EM i
a
)
‘ Spee
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
BOUNDARY CENTER
—— Union Republic (S.S.R.) (0)
—— Autonomous Republic
(ASSR), Oblast, or Kray ol/
Soe Autonomous Oblast (AO) .
1/Administrative centers are indicated only
for those oblasts carrying the same name
as their administrative centers.
rich in fishery resources. It belongs administratively to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) whichstretches
from the Barents, Baltic, and Black Seas to the shores of the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea.
FAR EAST FISHERY CATCH
In 1963, the Far East Region produced about one-third of the total Soviet fishery landings
of 4,670,000 metrictons (table 2). Official U.S.S.R. fishery statistics give a breakdown by So=
viet republics, but the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic includes all major Soviet fishing areas
and it is impossible to determine Far East marine landings from those figures alone. Analysis
of current Soviet writings on economics, however, has supplied statistical data which are not
publicly available from the Soviet Federal Committee on Fisheries (the equivalent of the U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries).
Far East marine landings show significant changes since 1950, when about 370,900 tons
were caught. By 1963, landings had increased fourfold to an estimated 1,530,000 tons. Soviet
Far East landings have been expanding at a greater rate than total U.S.S.R. landings. In1950
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3
KEY
LANDINGS
(1000 METRIC TONS)
300
1956 1963
@ Fishing Centers
APUKA
PALANA @& ©
E - Kamchatskaia Oblast’
Kiabarovski 7 eT aaTeK UST: KAMCHATSK 1
tal ICHA &- Bs
120
te
Em, 4 PETROPAVLOVSK ;
Wek KIKHCHIK
Hy.” "than MISE 2 UST’ BOL:SHERETSK
Amurskaia yx) 709 Manes seeps Ss
Oblast’ LnKOLAEVSR « Sakhalinskaia
* |ALEKSANDROVSK . /
YZ i
if if
/
ny
=
jy
/
De KORSAKOV _@ B,
\
SX NevEU sk v a
!UZHNO-KURIL'SK
in SNAKHODKA
VLADIVOSTOK
Sea of
x
Japan a
=x
,
Fig. 2 - Soviet Far East marine landings, by provinces, 1956 and 1963.
North Pacific
4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
the Far East accounted for 21.1 percent of total Soviet landings, and in 1963 for 32.8 percent.
This reflects to a large extent the priority attention being given by Soviet planners to expand-
ing the Far East fisheries.
Table 2 - U.S.S.R. and Far East Fishery Landings,
1950 and 1956-63
otal U.S.S.R.
Landings1/ Landings2/ Seal
The U.S.S.R. is planning for a Far East
production of 1,660,000 metric tons of fish and
other aquatic products in 1965. There is lit-
tle doubt that this goal will be reached and
probably surpassed. Within the last decade, (1,000 Metric Tons). . .
Soviet Pacific fisheries have undergone a sig- 4,670 1,530
nificant transformation. In 1950, coastal and eg Bn Pore
inshore fishing dominated, and only 34 percent | i960 3,541 860
of all Far East landings were obtained from 1959 3,075
offshore areas. By 1960, offshore fisheries ae 21236
accounted for 82 percent of all Far East land- 1956 2; 849
ings. According to Margolin (1963), offshore 1950 1,755
operations may soon produce up to 94 percent 1/Includes fish, shellfish, and aquatic mammals.
2/Not available.
Sources: Tsentral'noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie Pri Sovete
Ministrov USSR (Central Statistical Administration of the
U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers) 1963, 1964.
of all Pacific fishery catches. So far, U.S.S.R.
distant offshore operations from Far East
ports have been almost entirely in the Bering
Sea and southeastward into the Gulf of Alaska.
Recent developments indicate that Soviet vessels in the Far East plan to fish on a large com~
mercial scale in the Central and South Pacific, the East and South China Seas, and the Indian
Ocean.
The Far East Region (fig. 2) is divided into six administrative provinces (designated in
Russian as an oblast! or krai). With the exception of Amur Province, all provinces conduct
marine fisheries in the North Pacific, including the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Sakha=
lin Province contains the former Japanese prefecture of Karafuto (southern half of Sakhalin
Island) and the Kuril Islands. Fishery development in the Far East Region has progressed at
different rates in the different provinces.
Primorskii Krai or the Maritime Province has increased landings sixfold during the last
eight years. In 1963, the catch of 750,000 metric tons accounted for almost one-half of Far
East landings (table 3 and fig. 2). This rapid increase is partly due to the buildup of whale
and crab fleets operating from the ports of Vladivostok and Nakhodka at the southernmost tip
of the Far East Region. Also, Primorskii Krai has been allocated the largest number of new
vessels. Of the 21 Maiakovskii-class large stern trawlers added during 1960-63 to the Soviet
Pacific fleet, 13 were allotted to Primorskii Krai and only 4 each to Kamchatka and Sakhalin
Provinces.
Table 3 - Soviet Far East Marine Landings, by Provinces, 1956, 1960, and 1963
Administrative 1963 per come | 1956
Divisions
%
1,000 Metric 1,000 Metric 1,000 Metric
Tons Tons
344
215
Primorskii Krai .. .
Kamchatka Oblast' .
Sakhalin Oblast' ..
Khabarovsk Krai ..
Magadan Oblast'
1/Not available. Magadan Oblast" was formed only in December 1953 and no statistical data are available for the first few years
of its existence. Landings in 1956 are believed to have been negligible.
2/Estimated
Sources: Garfield 1959; Margolin 1963; Meinikov and Sal'nikov 1962.
Kamchatka, traditionally the richest Soviet Far East fishing province, has declined inrel-
ative importance. In 1956, about 358,000 metric tons (60 percent of Far East marine landings)
were produced by that province. In 1963, production was about the same, but constituted only
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5
23 percent of Soviet marine landings in the Far East. This has produced a certain restless-
ness among responsible officials of the province, which is understandable since the fishing in-
dustry provides 70 percent of Kamchatka's total gross product. In June 1963, the Secretary
of the Communist Party for Kamchatka Oblast' wrote a caustic review of the local fishing in-
dustry, and stated that "one would think that it would be logical to keep Kamchatka in at the
top of the list when fishing vessels are distributed. However, this is not so; they are
sent mainly to areas where both landings and productivity are at a considerably lower level."
Kamchatka imports 6 to 7 metric tons of industrial and consumer goods for each ton of fish~
ery catch produced. Consequently, the central government wants to diversify Kamchatka's
industries, and it is likely that the importance of her fishing will decline further. Neverthe-
less, a goal of 500,000 tons of fishery landings by the end of 1965 has been set, although this
will probably not be reached.
Landings in Sakhalin Province have increased from 74,000 metric tons in 1956 to 260,000
tons in 1963. Mainly responsible for the increase has been participation in the Bering Sea and
the Gulf of Alaska flounder, herring, and ocean perch fisheries, and intensified saury fishing
(with electric lights and suction pumps) in the Northwest Pacific near the Kuril Islands. In
1963, over 70,000 metric tons of saury were landed; the 1965 goal is 200,000 tons.
Little is known about Khabarovsk and Magadan Provinces, except that Amur River salm-~
on constitute over 10 percent of Khabarovsk marine landings. The low rate of investment in
the fisheries of those two provinces is partly responsible for the reportedly nominal increase
Table 4 = Known Additions to the Soviet Far East Fishing Fleet, by Type, Class, and Country of Construction, 1960-63
Type and Class Number of Vessels
of Vessel
Medium trawlers:
U.S.S.R.
East Germany
Motherships (herring):
Severodvinsk.....
Refrigerator transports:
Brats” s,s ysuie) ©
Tavriia
Pervomaisk
Sevastopol
Slayplev...
Whaling fleet:
Sovetskaia Rossiia
Vladivostok
Catcher boats
Support vessels:
Tankers .. eee
Repair ships .....
Floating docks, large
Floating docks, small .
Salvage tugs... 0-
Water carriers . 2...
1/Estimated.
2/Not available.
3/Includes some 1959 deliveries.
4/Includes only catchers added to the Sovetskaia Rossiia whaling fleet. The Soviets operate three additional whaling fleets in the
Pacific.
Note: Not included are smaller types of fishing craft, such as small and medium seiners, and vessels of the seal and walrus shunting
fleet.
6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
in landings. From 1959 through 1965, the U.S.S.R. will have invested only the equivalent of
US$13.3 million in the Magadan, Amur, and Khabarovsk Provinces. This is barely 0.6 per-
cent of the total Soviet investment in the Far East fisheries (table 1).
FAR EAST FISHING FLEET
Increased Far East landings are mainly the result of an unprecedented growth in the So=
viet Pacific fishing fleet. During 1960-63, the Soviet Government supplied the Main Adminis=
tration of Far East Fisheries with over 200 modern fishing and support vessels--an estimated
500,000 gross tons. Data have been compiled from many sources on specific details regard-
ing 157 of the larger vessels, totaling 410,020 gross tons. Table 4 gives the type and class of
vessels built, the country of construction, and the year when the vessels were added to the Far
East fleet. Table 5 gives the average and total gross tonnages of the new vessels.
Table 5 - Known Additions to the Soviet Far East Fishing Fleet, by Type, Class, and Gross Tonnage, 1960-63
Type and Class Average Total Gross Tonnage
of Vessel Gross Tonnage 1963 1962 1961 1960
Medium trawlers: ;
Duold O80 Geo .D bwDro ON 260 ae ee 1/2, 600 ae Loe a a
n-t0010 010 6 0.0 505, 2 020 2,020 !
Stern trawlers:
Maiakovskii ..ee+e-+-+ =. pee f). Boe 12, See 6, ae
pi eeeevse ee 8 # .
Motherships (herring):
Severodvinsk ... + .s.s2e
Factoryships:
ZAKVATOVAe Raiioialielisitoilsiiei= ;
Refrigerator transports:
Bratsk ...ccececeee
Tavriia ...ececeee
Pervomaisk
Sevastopol ae
Skryplev ....+-
Whaling fleet:
Sovetskaia Rossiia . ..... 33, 150
Vladivostok ...e.eseeceecee 17, 150
Catcher) boats) . . 2... «
Support fleet:
Tankers «220 «0+ eee
Repair'ships . . : o« = = ia
Floating docks, large ....
Floating docks, small ....
Salvage tugs ....-
Water carriers . se ee «ss 3, 300
136, 110 1S, 455 34, 985 = 470 1/510, 020
YY 1/Estimated.
2/Not available.
The additions to the Far East fleet in tables 4 and 5 were all vessels destined for distant
offshore operations. Half of the 157 vessels specifically identified were medium trawlers
(260 to 505 gross tons in size) and stern trawlers (2,600 to 3,200 gross tons); however, they
accounted for only 21 percent of the gross tonnage. Motherships to store herring and factory-
ships to process fish and crabs were other important additions to the fleet. During 1960-63,
known additions of motherships and factoryships to the Pacific fleet were 10, totaling 113,375
gross tons. The Soviets have recognized the need for all types of support to distant offshore
fishing. Refrigerator transports, tankers, repair ships, floating docks, tugs, and water car-
riers give strong and vital support to fishing operations and the handling and processing of
fish and shellfish. Nearly 40 such known additions, totaling 118,595 gross tons, were made to
the Far Hast fishing fleet during 1960-63.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7
Major additions were also made to the whaling fleet. Three factoryships (totaling 67,450
gross tons) and 27 catcher boats (totaling 22,950 gross tons) were allotted to the Far East
fleet.
The Soviets have relied on foreign shipyards for building a large part of their Far East
fishing fleet. Of the known tonnage added to the fleet during 1960-63, an estimated 225,940
tons (55 percent) were constructed in the U.S.S.R. The remaining 184,080 gross tons were
built in Poland (50,000 gross tons), West Germany (34,300 tons), East Germany (30,680 tons),
Denmark (20,700 tons), Finland (16,200 tons), and unidentified countries (32,200 tons).
The trend in the Soviet Far East fisheries has been toward building vessels of larger ton-
nage. In 1960, the average gross tonnage of the 30 vessels added to the fleet was 1,782. The
average tonnage increased each succeeding year--2,065 tons in 1961, 2,560 tons in 1962,
and 4,253 tons in 1963. During 1960-62, mediumtrawlers were added in larger numbers. The
sharp increase in average tonnage in 1963 can be attributed to the addition of 13 stern trawl-
ers, compared with 9 during the previous three years; also, two new whale factoryships were
added to the fleet.
Below are given descriptions of the classes of vessels added to the Soviet Far East fish-
ing fleet during 1960-63. The data given are generally for the first vessel built in a class;
subsequent additions to a class may have considerable modifications to improve efficiency of
operation. Information is not available on the specifications of the whale catcher boats and
support vessels assigned to the Far East fishing fleet.
MEDIUM TRAWLERS: During 1960-62, the following two |classes of medium fishing trawl-
ers (SRT--Srednii Rybolovnii Trauler) were added to the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet:
1. Without refrigeration (SRT): This
class of medium trawler (fig. 3) is the most
numerous of the fishing vessels in the Pacific
offshore fleet. An estimated 500 to 600SRT's
participate in Soviet Far East fishing opera-
tions. Forty were delivered during 1960-62;
data are not available on 1963 deliveries.
SRT's have been constructed in the U.S.S.R.;
they were also built in East Germany until
1959. The more recently built SRT's are
about 260 gross tons in size, about 130 feet
in @verall length, carry a crew of 15, andhave
a cargo capacity of about 200 metric tons,
The German-made SRT can only carry about
120 tons. In recent years, an estimated 50
SRT's were equipped with refrigeration plants
and the ultimate plan of the Main Administra-
tion of Far East Fisheries is that all of its
SRT's be refrigerated.2
Fig. 3 - Trawler of SRT class. Vessel has no refrigeration equip=
2. With refrigeration (Okean class): mente
Built in East Germany, Okean motor vessels (also known as SRT-R or Srednii Rybolovnii
Trauler Refrizheratornii) are conventional side trawlers, but also carry two boats for gill-net
and ring-net fishing (fig. 4). Sixteen of these vessels were delivered during 1960-63. The
vessels are 167 feet in overall length, 505 gross tons in size, and have a crew of 26. The fish
caught (principally herring) are usually salted, packed in barrels, and stored in refrigerated
holds at -4° C, (25° F.). The Okean-class vessels can work independently for 40 days at un-
limited distances from shore; in the North Pacific, however, they are employed for months at
a time as part of fishing fleets.
Equipment includes Soviet-manufactured radar, gyrocompass, radio-direction finder, and
depth-determining echo-sounder (maximum depth 4,000 feet). A horizontal-vertical sounding
2/Communication by Mr. Winthrop A, Haskell, Fisheries Management Agent, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, Alaska.
8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
apparatus of German manufacture is capable of locating fish schools at angles ranging be=
tween 150° to port and 150° to starboard from the ship's forward direction at a distance of
6,500 feet. A thermometer which can measure water temperatures down to 120 meters (394
feet) is also used to locate fish concentrations.
Trawling is done only over the starboard
side with 2 power-driven drums each capable
of hauling 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) of warp
at an average speed of 60 meters (197 feet)
per minute. The length of the warps indicates
that the maximum depth at which an SRT-R
can fish is about 1,500 feet.
Gill-net fishing is highly mechanized, the
net being hauled by a powered pulley in the
starboard bulwark; 2 grippers pass the net
over a Shaking device. A fish-salting and
packing machine, capable of processing 4.5
metric tons of fish an hour, is installed on
the main deck to reduce manual labor. Aver-
age yearly Soviet catches for Okean=-class
trawlers amounted to 690 metric tons in 1959
and 710 tons in 1960. Inthe Far East, how-
ever, average catches were larger; the best vessels caught up to 1,100 tons in 1962 and over
2,000 tons in 19638.
ting.
STERN TRAWLERS: One of the most significant classes added to the Far Eastern fleet
during 1960-63 has been the stern trawler, also known as the BMRT (Bolshoi Morozilnii
Rybolovnii Trauler or Large Freezer Fishing Trawler). Four classes of stern trawlers are
operated by the Soviets--Pushkin, Maiakovskii, Leskov, and Tropik. All except the Leskov
class have been used in the Soviet Pacific fisheries. The Maiakovskiis predominate (21 were
added to the Far East fleet during 1960-63); only one Pushkin was delivered before 1960, and
one Tropik in 1963. The stern trawler may well become the predominant type among Soviet
fishing vessels, because it is a completely autonomous unit capable of fishing at great dis-
tances from home port and processing its catch.
The U.S.S.R. embarked on mass production of stern trawlers in 1958, after their proto-
type, the Pushkin (constructed in West Germany from the design of the British-built Fairtry),
proved successful under high-seas conditions. BMRT's are more productive than convention-
al trawlers, and can produce catches of as much as 20 to 25 metric tons a haul (Gorinov1962).
The average yearly catch per fisherman on a BMRT has been reported as being 51.6 tons, on
a medium side trawler 30.4 tons. Small Soviet coastal trawlers produced only 16.7 tons per
fisherman. The cost of catching a ton of fish on a BMRT comes to 120.5 rubles (US$135.5),
much less than on smaller Soviet fishing vessels (Melnikov 1962).
The characteristics of the BMRT stern trawlers added to the Far East fishing fleet dur-
ing 1960-63 are:
1. Maiakovskii class--Improved versions
of the Pushkin, Maiakovskiis (fig. 5) have a
cruising range of 16,000 to 17,000 miles and
can stay at sea 80 days, of which 60 can be
spent on the fishing grounds. The vessels
are 3,170 gross tons in size, 278 feet in over-
all length, and operate with a crew of 102.
Maiakovskiis are being constructed in U.S.S.R. =
shipyards at Nikolaev (on the Black Sea) at fem is a
the rate of about 12 to 24 a year. = aE =
ee . . Fig. 5 = Stern trawler of the Maiakovskii class. Known also as a
Fishing equipment consists ofa trawl BMRT, the vessel is a completely integrated fishing and process=
and an electrically-driven winch for pulling ing factoryship with freezing, canning, and reduction equipment.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9
in the trawl and bringing it up the stern ramp. The fish brought aboard can be frozen, canned,
or reduced to meal and oil. Two automated lines are able to fillet 20 tons of fish a day; an-
other line beheads (by machine) and guts (by hand) 10 tons of fish a day. Two twin-chute freez-
ing chambers use an air system capable of delivering a temperature of -35° C, (-31° F.).
The fillets or dressed fish can be quick-frozen to a temperature of -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in about
3 to 4 hours. After glazing and packing, they are stored at -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in refrigerated
holds with a volume of 1,330 cubic meters (46,969 cubic feet). The canning plant~--two auto-
claves and one sealing machine-~has a daily production capacity of 3,500 cans. Oil is removed
from cod livers in a rendering shop equipped with two boilers. The fish-meal plant has two
single-drum units which can process 20 tons of fish or offal per day; the fish-meal hold has a
capacity of 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet).
2, Tropik class--The newest type of stern trawler in the Pacific fleet has been designed
primarily for diversified fishing in the tropics, although it can operate in temperate and sub-
arctic waters. Basically a trawler, vessels of the Tropik class are also equipped with (1)
three line haulers for tuna long-line fishing3/; (2) folding platforms along the sides of the ves-
sel for tuna pole-and-line fishing; (3) two motor dories (each 30 feet in length) for purse-sein-
ing or line fishing; and (4) a fish-pumping plant for bringing aboard fish attracted to the ves-
sel by electric lights. The vessel is equipped for experimental drift-net fishing. Tropiks can
process catches by freezing, and can produce fish meal and fish oil from waste and offal and
surplus fish.
Tropiks now have a crew of about 75; but by the time the last vessel in this class comes
off the assembly line in 1965, further automation of equipment may reduce the crew to about
50 persons. The vessels are about 2,600 gross tons in size, 262 feet in overall length, and
can stay at sea 60 days. Working and living quarters are air-conditioned. The refrigeration
plant, consisting of 6 ammonia compressors, provides for (1) the freezing of 30 metric tons of
fish in 22 hours; (2) cooling the holds to -25° C. (-13° F.); (3) producing 6 tons of flake ice in
15 hours; and (4) chilling 25 tons of fish a day from 30° C, (86° F.) to 29 C. (35.6° F.), Fish
are dressed by hand and, after freezing, are packed in cartons stored in 3 refrigerated holds
with a volume of 940 cubic meters (33,196 cubic feet). Processing equipment can handle 50
tons of raw fish a day--30 tons for freezing and 20 tons for reduction to meal and oil. Up to
3 tons of cod livers can be reduced to medicinal oil.
The Soviets have plans to assign 30 Tropiks to their Pacific fishing fleet. So far, only
one, the Pegas, was delivered in July 1963 to the Sakhalin-based fishing fleet; during January
and February 1964 it conducted exploratory operations for mackerel and jacks in the warm
waters of the East China Sea. It also has fished for tuna in the South China Sea, in waters
near the Indonesian coasts, and in the Gulf of Siam.
HERRING MOTHERSHIPS (Severodvinsk class): A herring mothership fleet consists of a
large base ship (fig. 6) and a fleet of drifters or trawlers. Only trawlers have been reported
operating in the Bering Sea. No processing is
done on the mothership; the vessel is designed
solely to receive and store the herring catch-
es of fishing vessels. Immediately after being
caught, the herring are salted lightly and
placed in barrels before transfer to the moth-
ership. The mothership provides the fleet
with fuel, water, provisions, salt, barrels, and
social and medical services,
The Soviet Union placed an order for 11
Severodvinsk-class motherships in 1959 with : 3 , ‘
the state-owned shipyard at Gdansk, Poland. ia. © > Hawing moter of sie Severcavical clays Algugeide
All were delivered by 1963, and 5 were al- os see
lotted to the Far East during 1960-62, principally for operations in the Bering Sea. Each ves~
Sel is about 10,000 gross tons in size, andhas a crew of 257. It has 5 refrigerated holds of
~3/The use of three line haulers is not explained in the original Soviet source (Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 8, August 1962, p. 37).
10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
10,150 cubic meters (358,444 cubic feet), sufficient to store about 5,000 metric tons of fish.
About 200 tons of lightly salted herring can be chilled each day and maintained at 0° C. (329
F.), assuring the good quality of this highly perishable fish. A helicopter, which can take off
from a landing platform situated at the stern of the ship, aids in tracking schools of fish. The
vessel's hull is strengthened for navigation in ice, a feature that also enables the mothership
to withstand the striking of drifters or trawlers against the hull during loading or unloading
operations. Hight fishing vessels, four on each side, can moor simultaneously alongside the
500-foot-long mothership.
FACTORYSHIPS (Zakharov class); The factoryship is designed to process fish and shell-
fish into finished products, as well as perform the service functions of a mothership. Although
a variety of factoryships are operated by the Soviets in the Pacific, floating canneries were
the only type of factoryship added to the Far
Bast fleet during 1960-63. The Zakharov-
class floating cannery (fig. 7) receives fish
and shellfish from its fleet of SRT's (medium
fishing trawlers) or from the 12 motorboats
that it carries. The motorboats are of the
Japanese kawasaki type, specially designed for
catching king crabs with tangle nets, but they
can be used for other types of fishing. Though
abbiags designated a cannery, the Zakharov is also
equipped to manufacture fish meal and oilfrom
wastes obtained during canning operations.
Fig. 7 - Factoryship of the Zakharov class. Alongside is an SRT Zakharov-class factoryships have been
trawler. The factoryship carries 12 motorboats for king crab fish= SO areery ea Te ‘ 5 a
ing; two can be seen near the bow and stem, built at the Admiralty Shipyards in Leningrad
since 1959. During 1960-63, 5 were delivered
to the Far East, and it is reported that 3 more will be delivered in 1964. The vessels are
12,675 gross tons in size, 532 feet in overall length, and have a cruising range of 11,000 miles.
Of the 640 people aboard, about 500 are processing workers and the rest are crew members.
Processing equipment is capable of canning various species (e.g. herring, sardines, saury,
ocean perch, and king crab), thereby enabling the factoryship to be used throughout the year.
Automatic and semiautomatic machinery are consolidated into mechanized production lines.
Daily capacity of the canning lines is about 1,600 cases, produced in three 7-hour shifts. A-
bout 2.4 tons of fish meal can be produced each day. Facilities are available for preparing
caviar from salmon roe. The refrigeration plant is designed to (1) produce 25 tons of chipped
ice each day, (2) cool fish in brine tanks, and (3) cool fish-storage and provision holds that
have a total volume of 1,520 cubic meters (53,678 feet).
Considerable improvements have been carried out on recently constructed Zakharov-
class factoryships. Reportedly, storage and ice production capacity have been doubled, and
additional automation of production lines has made possible a reduction of 115 workers. The
introduction of air-conditioning in the living quarters presages eventual deployment of those
vessels in tropical fishing regions.
Soviet floating canneries are capable of remaining at sea independently for three months,
but have been reported on Bering Sea grounds for as long as a year. In such instances, sup-
port vessels bring in supplies and transship finished products to Soviet ports. The Zakharovs
have been observed during 1959-63 in Bristol Bay operating for king crab, and for a short
time in 1963 in the western part of the Gulf of Alaska. The factoryships have also serviced
vessels fishing for herring and ocean perch in Bristol Bay and saury off the Kuril Islands in
the western Pacific.
REFRIGERATOR VESSELS: About 10 classes of refrigerator transport vessels have
been used by the Soviet Far East fleet. The older classes act principally as refrigerator fish
carriers (Refrizherator Rybnyi) and do not have equipment for quick-freezing fish. Construc-
tion of those classes has been discontinued. The newer classes, which are called production
refrigerator transports (Proizvodstvennii Refrizherator), are designed to take fish on board
at the place of capture, freeze them, and then deliver the frozen products to home ports.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ah
The movements of the refrigerated and cargo fish carriers are controlled by the Admin-
istration of the Far East Refrigerator Fleet (Dal'Vostokrybkholodflot), headquartered at Vla-
divostok as part of the Main Administration of Far East Fisheries. The refrigerator trans-
ports are assigned to 11 operational units, each serving a Far East fishing fleet. In addition,
an unknown number of cargo vessels transport salted herring in barrels.
At least 20 large refrigerator vessels were added to the Administration of the Far East
Refrigerator Fleet during 1960-63. By 1963, a total of more than 70 refrigerator fish car-
riers were plying North Pacific waters, transporting processed, semiprocessed, and frozen
fishery products from the fishing grounds to the mainland, thereby enabling fishing vessels
to remain on the fishing grounds for long periods of time. The new additions to the Far East
Refrigerator Fleet during 1960-63 were of the following five advanced classes:
1. Bratsk class--Eight refrigerator vessels of the Bratsk class were allotted to the So-
viet Far East fleet during 1961-63. Those vessels--built in East Germany's Stralsund Vol-
kswerft (Stralsund People's Shipyard)--are 270 feet in overall length, have a gross tonnage
of about 2,500, carry a crev of 91, and can cruise for 40 days without replenishing supplies
and fuel. The freezing and refrigeration plant consists of 2 freezer machines, 4 air-blast
freezing tunnels, packing departments, refrigerating machines, and refrigerated holds. About
50 tons of fish--taken aboara fresh or iced from the catcher boats--can be frozen in a 22-
hour period. Hold capacity of 1,800 cubic meters (63,566 cubic feet) permits storage of about
800 tons of frozen fish in cartons. Temperature in the holds is maintained at about -18° C.
(-0.4° F.).
2. Tavriia class--Constructed in the Soviet Union, vessels of the Tavriia class (fig. 8)
perform the same functions as those of the Bratsk class, taking aboard whole or gutted fish,
quick-freezing them, and then conveying them
to distribution centers on the Soviet mainland.
Tavriias are 325 feet in overall length and
3,230 gross tons in size. Fish are frozen
without further processing in two tunnel-type
air-blast installations with a capacity of 50
metric tons per day. The fish are then placed
in holds with a capacity of 3,300 cubic meters
(116,539 cubic feet) at a temperature of -18°
C. (-0.4° F.). In one hold the temperature
can be lowered to -25° C, (-13° F). If the
quantity of fish taken aboard exceeds the daily
freezing capacity, 20 tons of fish can be pre-
served in flake ice and stored in coolers at ‘ ! i
.-8- avriia class. On board are
ae Se La apa 12 tons of flake ice can "Boies for guckstecdng sod orig fish peodctt s the seal
4 } a eae ys a fleet of fishing craft.
3. Pervomaisk class--Built for the Soviet ship-importing state enterprise (Sudoimport)
by a Danish shipyard, Pervomaisk-class refrigerator vessels are 328 feet in overall length
and about 3,300 gross tons in size. Air-blast freezer tunnels are fully automated. Further
information on this class of refrigerator vessel is not available.
4, Sevastopol class--The largest refrigerator transports in the Soviet Far East fishing
fleet are vessels of the Sevastopol class, Those vessels--430 feet in overall length and 5,525
gross tons in size--have been built at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad since 1961. Three
were allocated to the Far East in 1962 and 1963. Sevastopols can freeze whale meat trans -
ferred from a whale factoryship, freeze fish without dressing them, and transport the frozen
products to the Soviet Union.
The Sevastopol's freezing facilities, with a daily capacity of 100 metric tons of fish, con-
sist of 8 air-blast freezing tunnels, each 39 feet long. Trays, each holding 33 to 40 pounds of
fish, are loaded onto carts that are conveyed automatically through the freezer tunnels; the
fish can be quick-frozen in 43 hours. The frozen fish are removed automatically and stored
12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
at a temperature of -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in five holds of 5,400 cubic meters (190,700 cubic feet)
and a total capacity of 2,700 metric tons of fish.
5. Skryplev class--Although designated a refrigerator transport, Skryplevs (fig. 9) are
virtually a factoryship that can freeze fish and prepare fish meal and oil. nN distinctive fea-
ture of this transport is a stern ramp fitted
with a gate which can be closed. Fish can be
taken over the side direct from a fishing ves-
sel or the vessel can leave its trawl bag float-
ing on the surface of the sea. The bags are
marked by buoys, usually fitted with radar re-
flectors; the transport's radar is used to lo-
cate the bags and they are brought aboard up
the stern ramp. Three vessels of this class
(built in Denmark) were allocated to the Far
Bast fleet in 1962 and 1963.
Skryplevs are 300 feet long between per-
pendiculars, 4,700 gross tons in size, and
carry (excluding the actual crew) 102 people
Fig. 9 - Refrigerator transport of the Skryplev class. Besidesfreez- for handling and processing catches. For
ing fish, meal and oil can also be prepared. The stern ramp is short-time preservation of fish, two ice-mak-
used to bring aboard trawl bags brought to the transport by fish- ‘ ? 5
ing craft, ing plants can produce 10 tons of flake ice per
day from sea water. The transport is fully
equipped with fish filleting and heading machines, and has fish meal and oil plants capable of
handling 30 tons of waste, offal, and surplus fish per day. Cod livers can be processed into
medicinal oil in a special liver oil plant.
WHALING VESSELS: Due to the special nature of whaling operations, the Main Adminis-
tration of Far Bast Fisheries has established a special Administration of Whaling Fleets,
which is in charge of Far East whaling ships operating in the North Pacific as well as the one
in the Antarctic. This Administration organizes timetables for tankers delivering fuel and
taking on whale oil, and keeps records on the production of the fleets. On the whaling grounds,
however, operational command and coordination with catcher boats remains with the captains
of the whaling factoryships.
Soviet Pacific whaling operations predate the foundation of the city of Vladivostok, but
were conducted for many years on a small scale from shore stations. In the late 1920's, a
United States cargo vessel was purchased and converted into a whaling factoryship. Renamed
the Aleut, it began operations in the North Pacific during the 1932/33 whaling season. Aleut
operations were limited to the western North Pacific until 1959, when it began to hunt whales
along the western Aleutian Islands. In 1962, the Aleut operated briefly off Kodiak Island in the
Gulf of Alaska, possibly on an exploratory mission. In 1962 and 1963, major additions were
made to the Pacific whaling fleet; 3 factoryships and at least 27 catcher boats were allotted
to the Far Bast. All Soviet Pacific whaling vessels are based at Vladivostok or Nakhodka.
The factoryship additions were as follows:
1. Sovetskaia Rossiia--A sistership of
its prototype, the Sovetskaia Ukraina (assign-
ed to the Atlantic fleet), the Sovetskaia Ros-
siia was constructed at Nikolaev on the Black
Sea and joined the Far Bast whaling fleet in
1962, The vessel is about 33,150 gross tons
in size, 715 feet in overall length, furnishes
logistic support to 20 catcher boats, and is
reported to be the world's largest whale fac-
toryship. The Sovetskaia Rossiia has partici-
pated in Antarctic whaling each year since the
¢ ¢ Fig. 10 - Whale factoryship of the Vladivostok class. The vessel
1962/63 season. is equipped for either whaling or fish processing.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13
2. Vladivostok class--In 1963, two newly constructed whale factoryships--the Vladivostok
and the Dalnii Vostok--were assigned to the Far East fishing fleet. Constructed in West Ger-
many, those vessels, each 596 feet in overall length and 17,150 gross tons in size, are equip-
ped for either whaling or fish processing. The vessels (fig. 10) have a permanently installed
whale factory, meal processing plant, and refrigerator tunnel. About 1,700 tons of raw whales
can be handled daily by the whale factory to produce about 220 tons of oil, 200 tons of meal,
6.5 tons of vitamin oil, and 45 tons of frozen meat. When not whaling, a removable fish-proc-
essing plant is placed on the flensing deck; a daily quantity of 500 tons of raw fish can be proc-
essed into about 25 to 45 tons of fillets, 50 tons of frozen fish, 100 tons of fish meal, and 35
tons of fish body oil.
SUMMARY
The Soviet Far East Region, a geographical and economic rather than a political unit, in-
cludes all lands between Siberia and the Pacific. This Region extends over 3.6 million square
miles or an area as large as the entire United States. Only about 5 million people, however,
inhabit this huge land, which borders on Communist China to the South and on the Arctic Ocean
and the Bering Sea to the North. The Soviet Government, anxious for the rapid economic and
demographic development of such a strategically-exposed territory, is devoting large sums of-
capital to the build-up of the Far East economy.
Fisheries are the most important economic activity in the Soviet Far East, situated as it
is on the vast and rich seas of the northwestern Pacific. The annual output of the Region's
fishing industry, valued at nearly US$1.1 billion, represents about one-third of the value of the
total industrial production of the Region. In 1963, the Far East produced over 1.5 million met-
ric tons of fishery landings, or about one-third of the total Soviet landings of 4.7 million tons.
In 1950, Soviet Far East landings had amounted to only 370,000 metric tons, which constituted
a little over one-fifth of the total U.S.S.R. fishery landings that year.
This large expansion in production reflects the high priority which the central govern-
ment in Moscow attaches to the rapid growth of the Far East fishing industry. Since 1946,
well over one billion rubles (US$1.1 billion) have been allocated to the Far East provinces for
the expansion of their fishing industry. Annual investments have increased steeply during the
current 7-Year Plan (1959-1965) and represent approximately 1 percent of all Soviet industrial
investments. The principal beneficiary of the current outlays is the Maritime Province (Prt=
morskii Krai), whose yearly allocations increased eightfold in a decade. Most of the capital
investments--currently up to about 75 percent--are spent on vessels. As a result, an unpre~
cedented growth of the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet is taking place. During 1960-63, the Soviet
Government added to this fleet over 200 modern fishing, fish-processing, whaling, and support
vessels for an estimated gross tonnage of 500,000 tons. About one-half of that tonnage was
constructed in domestic shipyards; the other half was purchased from Poland, West and East
Germany, Denmark, Finland, and other countries. The trend in Soviet Far East fisheries has
been toward building more processing and supporting vessels, vital for operating fishing ves-
sels over long periods far from home ports or shore bases.
LITERATURE SOURCES
BORGSTROM, GEORG
1961. The Atlantic Fisheries of the U.S.S.R. Atlantic Ocean
Fisheries, pp. 282-315. Fishing News (Books) Ltd.,
London.
CHERNYSHEV, V.
GORINOV, A. aan es ; :
1962. Fishing Craft of the U.S.S.R. Fishing News Interna~-
tional, vol. 1, no. S (October 1962), pp. 80-82.
MARGOLIN, ADOLF B.
1963. Problemy Narodnogo Khoziaistva Dal'nego Vostoka
1963. V Centre Vnimaniia--Rybnoe Khoziaistvo (Fishing In- ee of Development in the Economy of the
dustry Should Become the Center of Attention). ar East), Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moskva (in Rus-
Partiinaia Zhim, no. 15, August 1963, pp. 15-20 sian).
in Russian).
MELINIKOV, G, B, and N, E, SAL'NIKOV
GARFIELD, MORTON J, 1962. Razvitie Rybnoi Promyshlennosti, Rybnogo Khoziaistva
1959. High-Seas Fisheries of the U.S.S.R. U.S, Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries, Fishery Leaflet no. 482.
i Zadachi Biologicheskoi Nauki v Svete Reshenii XXII
S'ezda KPSS (Development of the Fishing Industry and
Fishery Management in the Light of the Resolution of
14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26,No.1lla
LITERATURE SOURCES (Contd.)
the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Communist Party).
Zoologicheskii Zhumal, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 1,771l=-
82 (in Russian).
MIKHAILOV, S. V.
1962. Ekonomika Rybnoi Promyshlennosti SSSR (The Econom -
ics of the Soviet Fishing Industry). Pishchepromizdat,
Moskva (in Russian).
NAGIBAIDZE, SH. G.
1961. Razvivat' Rybnuiu Promyshlennost' Sakhalina i Kuril'-
skikh Ostrovoy (The Development of the Sakhalin and
Kuril Islands Fishing Industry). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo
vol, 37, no. 12, (December 1961), pp. 6-11,
Moskva (in Russian).
SLAVIN, S. V.
1961. Promyshlennoe i Transportnoe Osvoenie Severa SSSR
(Industrial and Transportation Conquest of the Soviet
North). Izdatel'stvo Ekonlit, Moskva (in Russian).
TSENTRAL'NOE STATISTICHESKOE UPRAVLENIE PRI SOVETE
MINISTROV SSSR (Central Statistical Administration of the
USSR Council of Ministers).
1963. Narodnoe Khoziaistvo v Godu 1962 (The National Econ-
omy in 1962). Gosstatizdat', Moskva (in Russian).
1964. SSR v Tsifrakh (U.S.S.R. in Numbers). Gosstatizdat',
Moskva (in Russian).
U. S. CONGRESS, SENATE, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,
1964. The Postwar Expansion of Russia's Fishing Industry (by
Leon M. Herman). U. S. Government Printing Of-
fice. (88th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate).
VEREVKIN, A.
1963. Izpol'zovat! Bogatstva Dal'nego Vostoka (Let Us Utilize
the Natural Resources of the Far East). Planovoe
Khoziaistvo, no. 9, September 1963, pp. 72-75
(in Russian).
Note: The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr, Sidney Shapiro, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, for his quidance and
valuable comments on the substance of this article, as well as for expert editorial assistance.
Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with
the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest,
and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial
affairs.
As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre-
newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con-
served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress,
prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future.
Editorial Assistants:
Compositor:
Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky
Alma Greene
* kK Ok KK O&K
Photograph Credits:
for each photograph in this issue.
Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer
Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from
the Service's file and the photographers are unknown.
Cover--\Burmeister and Wain, Copenhagen, Denmark; p. 7--Karl W. Kenyon; p. 8--Robert K.
Brigham; pp. 9, 10, and 12 (fig.! 10)--U. S. Coast Guand; p. 11--The Boston Globe; p. 12
(fig. 9)--A. W. Anderson, U. S. Regional Fishery Attache forEurope; p. 20--George French,
Maine Development Commission; p. 23--Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, State House, Au-
gusta, Me.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402,
Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15
OVERALL VIEW OF SOVIET FISHERIES IN 1963, WITH EMPHASIS
ON ACTIVITIES OFF UNITED STATES COASTS
By Loyal G. Bouchard*
ABSTRACT
The U.S.S.R. fishery catch has increased steadily in recent years, the result mainly of
the expansion and integration of high-seas fishing fleets. The significant development is that
Soviet fleets and vessels have developed the capability of fishing great distances from home
ports. Those vessels now fish commercial fishery concentrations off the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of the United States. It is highly probable that Soviet fishing effort will increase in
the Western Hemisphere, particularly in the western Atlantic, where the Soviets have made
arrangements for the expansion, modernization, and use of a Cuban fishing port in Havana
Bay.
INTRODUCTION
The fishery catch of the U.S.S.R. has more than doubled since 1950. Within the last dec-
ade, the Soviet Union has moved ahead of the United States to occupy fourth place among the
leading fishing nations of the world. The large increase in the Soviet catch, which was al-
ready at a high level, is the result of expanded high-seas fishing operations. Fully integrated
Soviet fishing fleets and large stern factory trawlers are now capable of fishing for prolonged
periods at great distances from home ports. Such capability has enabled the Soviets to fish
for commercial quantities of fish at the opposite sides of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. So-
viet fishing fleets are now a common sight off the coasts of Alaska and New England, and So-
viet fishing vessels also frequent the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and areas off the Mid-
dle and South Atlantic coast of the United States.
CATCH AND PRINCIPAL SPECIES
Soviet Landings, excluding whales and other marine mammals, for selected years (prelimi-
nary estimate for 1963) reflect the remarkable progress and expansion of the Soviet fisheries.
Table 2 = U.S.S.R. Catch of Fish and Shellfish,
1- U.S.9.Rs Fishery Landings, by Selected Species, 1955, and 1960-62
1950, 1955, 1960-631/
Cod,
related species . eee
Alaska pollock
Herring :
Atlantic ...c.seece
Baltic tale! shea) alte
Pacific ekewerre ce
Total herring ....-.
Sprat ese ee cee tee
Flounder, sole, halibut,
and related species ...
Ocean perch «esse ee
Salmon, Pacific ....-.
King crab «2+ ee eee
Other marine .....-.
[Total marine... | 3,252.5 | 2,099.7 | 2,619.4 |1,925.0 |
[Grand wil ss sv» [| 3616.5 | 250.0] 3,051.0 [2,495.0
1/Principally roach, bream, carp, pike, pike-perch, and whitefish.
ource: FAO Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics, 1960 and 1962.
1/Source: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1962.
Herring in 1962 comprised 24.5
percent of the Soviet catch, compared
with 17.9 percent in 1955 (table 2).
Cod and related species (including
Alaska pollock) are also of major im-
portance, and represented 24.4 percent
of the Soviet catch in 1962. Catches of
sprat, flatfish, and ocean perch have
also increased significantly since 1955,
whereas the catch of king crab has
shown slight gains, and catches of Pa-
cific salmon and fresh-water species
*Assistant Chief, Branch of Foreign Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 715
16
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. lla
have declined. From 1961 to 1962, catch gains were noted for cod and related species, her=
ring, sprat, and king crab, with declines in flatfish, ocean perch, and Pacific salmon. The
Soviet catch of tuna reached 1,000 metric tons in 1962,
FISHING AREAS
A broad breakdown of the Soviet catch by area was based on an association between known
species of fish and known bodies of water (table 3).
Table 3 - U.S.S.R. Fishery Catch by Area of Capture
1956 and 1962
Catch
1962 1956
(Metric Tons). . .
Fishing Area
Marine:
Atlantic Ocean, Barents Sea,
White Sea and adjacent waters
Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Sea
of Okhotsk and adjacent waters
Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black
Sea, and Caspian Sea
Unidentified
1,259, 500
777 , 800
356, 100
859, 100
ee ee ee ew ee
Pa gCa ye Chak Gis
3,616, 500
Tcaiees FAO Yearbook of Fiche Statistics, 1956 and 1962.
The Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters
supply over one-third of the total Soviet catch
and continue to be of increasing importance.
Large and increasing Soviet catches are also
being taken in the Pacific Ocean and adjacent
waters, particularly in the North Pacific and
Bering Sea, The catch by major fishing area
for 1956 and 1962 offers at best only a some=
what relative comparison; the data suggest
that the catch from waters of the Atlantic
Ocean area probably has increased by at least
38 percent since 1956, compared to a mini=
mum catch increase from waters of the Pacific
Oceanarea of 41 percent. The catchinthe"un-
identified'’ category could not be further sep=
arated into the major marine fishing areas
listed from the information presently available.
In the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, the Soviets are known to be taking significant quanti-
ties of ocean perch, cod, whiting (silver hake), haddock, herring, flounder, and halibut. Soviet
catches, by principal species, taken in the
ICNAF (International Commission for the
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries) Convention
area for the years 1956 and 1962-63 are given
in table 4. In 19638, for the first time, whiting
(silver hake) dominated the Soviet catch in the
ICNAF Convention area, followed by herring,
cod, and ocean perch. The herring and cod
catches declined from 1962 to 1963. Soviet
fleets now frequent the Grand Banks off New-
foundland and Georges Bank off New England.
In August 1963, a peak number of over 200
Soviet vessels was reported operating on
Georges Bank. In June 1963, a group of seven
stern trawlers (BMRT class) was observed
Table 4 » U.S.S.R. Catch inthe ICNAF Convention Area,
1956, and 1962-63
[ species | 963 | sez | 986
2 » « » e » (Metric Tons). .
81,658 100,791
100, 036
230, 380
37,535
6,504
35, 333
369, 794 17,009
i/Included with "other,"
Source: Documents of the Intemational Commission for the
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF).
fishing for whiting (silver hake) in the vicinity of Bloc CanyonL/, 30 miles south of Block Is=
land, Rhode Island. The Soviet Union is also making a major effort to develop new fishing
grounds in Davis Strait west of Greenland, and off the Labrador coast.
In 1963, about 40 Soviet vessels, mostly medium trawlers and some stern trawlers, op
erated off the United States Atlantic coast from Nantucket Island south to Florida. In early
1964, about 30 Soviet medium trawlers were reported to be operating out of Cuban ports. In
the past two years, some of those craft were observed off Virginia, the Carolinas, Florida,
and Louisiana; it is believed those craft are conducting exploratory fishing operations and
perhaps oceanographic studies off the Middle and South Atlantic coast of the United States,
and in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, Species sought may include menhaden, shrimp,
and tuna, among others. Soviet stern trawlers,
operating off the coast of Virginia in March
1964, were taking scup, sea bass, and sea robins. In June 1962, a Soviet exploratory fishing
vessel was reportedly seeking menhaden off the coasts of North and South Carolina. Soviet
4/A canyon in the ocean floor at approximately 39°42! N. latitude and 71°15'W. longitude.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17.
scientists are known to be making a detailed study of the menhaden resources of the north-
western Atlantic; the study includes a thorough review of reports published on the subject in
the United States. Soviet research vessels are also assisting the Cubans in an oceanographic
study of the Gulf of Mexico,
In August 1962, it was announced that a Cuban fishing base, financed jointly by the Soviet
Union and Cuba, would be built in Havana Bay. Reports indicate that construction at the base
is proceeding rapidly and will include a shipyard for repairs, a large cold-storage plant, can-
neries, warehouses, and a fish reduction plant. The base will also be equipped with extensive
docking facilities and will service about 130 Soviet fishing vessels as well as serving Cuban
needs, The cold-storage plant will have a 10,000-ton capacity. In September 1963, about
2,000 workers were employed in construction at the base.
Some offshore marine resources of the western Atlantic, particularly off the coasts of
Central American, South American, and Caribbean countries, are generally considered to be
underdeveloped. Several Latin American countries do not have extensive fishery development
capability and are not likely to develop such capability in the near future. In addition, the fish-
eries of the United States, Canada, and Mexico are highly selective, and certain species off
the coasts of those countries are underutilized. Because of Soviet access to a Cuban fishing
base and ports, Cuba's ideal location, Soviet fishing capability, and the underutilized state of
many of the offshore marine fishery resources, the Soviets are expected to increase fishing
efforts in the western Atlantic and adjacent waters in the future and further assist and en-
courage the Cubans in fishery development. In addition to the species mentioned previously,
the Soviets may exploit stocks of flyingfish, anchovies, mackerel, swordfish, croaker, snap-
per, and other bottomfish and pelagic species available in sufficient quantity.
At least 400 Soviet vessels, at one time or another, fished on the high seas in the North
Pacific and Bering Sea in 1963, Soviet catches in the North Pacific and Bering Sea include
herring, ocean perch, flounders and soles, cod, Alaska pollock, sablefish, king crab, shrimp,
and halibut. The halibut catches in the northeastern Pacific and eastern Bering Sea areas
are believed small and incidental to trawl efforts for other bottomfish species. In October
1963, a Soviet research vessel reported taking good catches of halibut and sablefish in deep
waters in the central Bering Sea area, but the exact location is not known. The Soviets are
not known to be using baited multiple~hook and line sets for intensive commercial halibut fish~
ing off Alaskan coasts as yet. Tangle nets are being used for king crab and in 1963, for the
first time, the Soviets sought this species in the Gulf of Alaska, about 30 miles southwest of
Kodiak Island, The Soviets first began trawling for ocean perch in the Gulf of Alaska in1962,
Meanwhile, Soviet exploratory fishing vessels were seen as far south, in the eastern North
Pacific, as off the coasts of Washington, Ore~
gon, and California, No data are yet available (7jje5~-u.s.s.R. Catches of Select
on the quantity of Soviet catch taken in the 1960- 196147
Gulf of Alaska. Catches of selected species —————
in the Bering Sea are shown in table 5,
d Species in Bering Sea,
The Soviets are also actively conducting
fishing operations off the west coast of Africa |
and in the Indian Ocean, Soviet fishing craft
have called at West African ports in Angola
for supplies and fuel and the Soviets are as~
sisting commercial fisheries development in
Ghana. In mid-April 1963, the Fifth Soviet
Tuna Research Expedition returned to Vladi~
vostok from four months of exploration off the Chagos Archipelago in the western Indian Ocean,
It is expected that commercial fishing operations will begin in that area in the near future for
tuna, mackerel, and swordfish,
1/Source: Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, No. 10, October 1961,
FLEETS AND VESSELS
The increased catch made by the Soviet Union is, for the most part, the result of high-
seas fleet expansion with emphasis on increasing the number of larger motorized craft. In
18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.1la
1956, the Soviet fishing fleet numbered 60,443 craft, of which 12,387 were motorized and
48,056 were nonmotorized. In 1964, although precise figures are not available, the number
of motorized Soviet fishing craft has increased significantly and could be as much as double
the 1956 figure. The versatility and range of Soviet fishing fleets and vessels were also in-
creased significantly.
The first Soviet stern trawlers were ordered in the mid=1950's and became operational
a year or two later. Today, the Soviets have about 100 of those 2,600- to 3,200~-gross-ton
fishing vessels. The Soviets have also increased the number of medium fishing trawlers and
seiners (250 to 600 gross tons each), as well as motherships, factoryships, and other fleet-
supporting craft, but the total number is unknown. One Soviet herring fleet, operating off the
Norwegian coast in April 1961, numbered more than 1,000 vessels. As mentioned previously,
other Soviet fleets of 200 or more fishing vessels now frequent New England and Alaskan
coasts.
The ocean-going fleets of the U.S.S.R. are highly versatile, mechanized, and integrated.
Equipped with the most modern electronic fish-locating techniques and using a wide assort-
ment of fishing gear, those fleets are capable of taking and processing commercial quantities
of numerous pelagic and demersal species of fish in distant waters. Large floating factory-
ships and motherships produce canned, salted, and frozen fish and shellfish, and fish meal
and oil, and are capable of remaining at sea for 60 days or more. Some are known to have
remained at sea for as long as a year. Refrigerated carriers, cargo vessels, and transport
ships haul to Soviet ports the catches processed by the factoryships and taken by the seine
and trawl craft, and return with food, supplies, equipment, spare parts, mail, personal items,
and replacement workers. Tugboats rescue disabled craft and repairs are often made on the
high seas. Vessels comprising the large Soviet fleets are constructed in shipyards in the So-
viet Union (in Western Europe and the Far East), East Germany, West Germany, Poland, Den-
mark, Sweden, Finland, and Japan.
FISH FARM ON LAKE HANKA, SOVIET FAR EAST
An expedition from the Pacific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography
has concluded several years of work on Lake Hanka, in the Soviet Far Hast.
The expedition studied the lake's flora andfauna, as well as hydrological
conditions. The purpose of this research, the first of its kind there, was to
study the conditions for artifical propagation and acclimatization of valuable
varieties of fish.
Lake Hanka is oneof the most interesting lakes in the world. It has about
60 varieties of fish, including fresh-water fishfrom cold northern latitudes as
well as from the tropics, representatives of Asian fauna, and sturgeons from
Russian European rivers.
A farm for the cultivation ofthe mirror carp will be builton the lake. It
will be one of the biggestof its kind in the Soviet Union. (The Fishing News,
June 26, 1964.)
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19
SUPPLY, SUSTAINED YIELD, AND MANAGEMENT OF
THE MAINE LOBSTER RESOURCE
By Robert L. Dow*
INTRODUCTION
Biological, environmental, and economic data have been assembled for presentation in
the sequence of their relevancy to an understanding of the Maine lobster fishery and the re-
source which supports that fishery.
Specifically the data consist of landings statistics (tables 1, 2, 3, 11), annual average
number of traps fished as an indicator of effort (tables 2, 11), average landed value (tables 3,
10), estimates of fishing and natural mortality rates from stratified sampling of catch (tables
4, 5), length-frequency measurements for estimates of recruitment rate (table 6), estimates
of total available legal supply (table 7), and sea water temperatures recorded at Boothbay
Harbor by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (tables 8, 9,11). Data are presented in terms of
their inter-relationships.
The purpose is to demonstrate the use of biological, economic, and environmental infor-
mation to (1) forecast relative abundance and available supply (tables 9a, 10a), (2) monitor
changes in the population (tables 9, 10), and (3) recommend a type of management which would
permit sustained annual yield of the fishery at or near optimum levels (table 14, fig. 5).
DISTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, the largest and commercially most impor-
tant crustacean in Maine waters, supports the seventh most valuable United States fishery and
brings the highest unit price of any major species in NorthAmerica. These economic facts have
beenimportant considerations inappraising the biological condition of the resource and inpre-
dicting available abundance, both present and future.
The lobster is especially abundant in Maine and)
Nova Scotia and occurs elsewhere in smaller num-
bers, both inshore and offshore, from Labrador to
the Middle Atlantic.
At periodic intervals throughout life, varying
with the rate of growth and commencing at the end
of the first larval stage, the lobster moults. Al-
though individual lobsters may moult at any season,
for the majority this debilitating experience takes
place sometime between May and September. In
Maine there is a geographical variation; moulting
occurs about six week earlier in western Maine waters than in the extreme eastern portions
of the coast.
Fig. 1 - American lobster, Homarus americanus.
Shortly after moulting, while the new shell is soft, the mature female is impregnated by
a hard-shelled male. Following approximately a year, the eggs are extruded from the ovaries
and fertilized by the sperm which has been retained in the seminal receptacle. The fertilized
eggs are attached in an adhesive mass to the swimmerettes under the tail. The number of
eggs produced varies geometrically with the size of the female; the range reported from meas~-
urements at Boothbay Harbor (Taylor 1950) was from approximately 6,000 to 40,000 eggs for
lobsters with a carapace from 33 to 5 inches. During the warm months of the following year
the eggs complete incubation and hatch.
4- Research Director, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Me.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 716
20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 1la
The length of the larval period varies largely with sea water temperature from a mini-
mum two weeks at 68°-70° F. to a theoretical maximum of approximately two months with
low temperatures. Young lobsters become permanent bottom residents with the fifth larval
stage.
Living on the ocean bottom, amongand under the rocks and in burrows, and seeking shelter
of rockweeds, kelps, and other marine algae, the lobster is a relatively sedentary animal,
foraging at night but generally quiescent during daylight.
THE FISHERY
The record of 64 years of landings in table 1 shows the wide variation in production from
5 million to nearly 25 million pounds.
Table 1 - Maine Lobster Landings, Selected Years 1880-1963
Millions ] Millions
Year of Pounds of Pounds
oeseee
e-. . . .
NNNLAANNKOUUNGaNY
ee .-. .
RPAOWONWNUOUNDAUE ADH
AUugdnunsinanoc
*-.
RPORNEWNAADOHL
ater oth »
Oo
u
RS
i
to
Oo
z
a
g
I+
>
Standard Error | #11.45% ars
24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
Unfortunately the tables do not include available supplies and landings during the first six
months of the calendar year, nor do they account for variations in fishing effort associated
with differences in seasonal price paid fishermen for their catch.
The influence of supply on landed value and of landed value on fishing effort as indicated
by subsequent landings is shown by table 10.
Table 10 = July-August Lobster Landings and Prices in Relation to Landings of the Following Year
April-May July -Aug.
Temperature | Landings i i Landings
Million Lbs. «(Million Lbs.}.... «
6
2
8
4
1
3
G1 U1 01 1 GH NI NI 00 00 00
e
ONWROOUF OR We
ORR RR RO Ww OO
Noe
Table 10a = Tables for the Prediction of Maine Lobster Landings
and Relative Abundance Based on Demand Modified by
Sea Water Temperature
April-May | July-Aug. | July-Aug
Temperature | Landings Price
Million Lbs.| ¢/Lb.
April-May Change from Predi
Year Sea Water Preceding We ne Landings
Temperature Year nein
13
8.3 32 20.5
8.2 21.5 44,3 1.4
8.1 22.0 44,5 1.5 1.5
7.8 22.0 46.6 1.7 1.7
Pail 22.5 44.8 1.4 1.5
6.5 22.5 45.8 1.6 1.4
6.0 22.5 48.0 1.7 1.8
5.8 22.5 45.0 1.4 1.5
5.6 48.6 1.5 1.6
5.3 48.5 1.5 1.5
5.1 50.0 1.4 1.6
at Sentai 77]
9
1/Basedon+5% fluctuation with each °F. change in temperature aoe
Standard Error +5
Since supply in recent years has been inadequate to meet demand, biological and environ-
mental factors have become increasingly critical. Demand has increased and will remain
high for the forseeable future. Methods of precise prediction of future supplies will have to
be based on sea water temperature with its influence on the rate of growth and recruitment
and the level of fishing effort, rather than on price factors alone. With the current level of
fishing intensity the effects of environmental changes on supply will become evident as devia-
tions from predicted availability and relative abundance. Evidence of the past 13 years sug-
gests that available abundance fluctuates approximately 5 percent with each degree of April-
May temperature change.
Application of this evidence to probably the most intensive lobster fishery in Maine, that
of York County, for purposes of prediction, and an evaluation of the accuracy of the predic-
tions is shown in table 11.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25
EFFORT, TEMPERATURE, AND PRODUCTION
The relationship among annual landings, sea water temperature, and fishing effort is best
illustrated by table 12 in which various levels of production are shown with the effort and
temperature which produced them.
Table 12 - Relationship Among Annual Landings,
Sea Water Temperature, and Fishing Effort
April-May ,
pews | remem |. of Ta
Million Lbs.
- is A
46.6. 745
Table 13 « Fluctuations in April-May Sea Water Temperature
and Corresponding Changes in Fishing Effort to
Maintain Constant ik thee estan Comet Ee een: 1 NTP 1941-1963
ai ture: Liicet An See a Sree” Ne kN sed of
With sea water temperature influencing
seasonal supply and landed value influencing
effort, fishermen have generally responded to
changes in temperature by adjustments in ef~
fort. |
Although this relationship is less precise than it is with some other factors, it does in-
dicate a collective response, conscious or otherwise, of fishermen to temperature fluctua-
tions. A summary of this relationship is shown in table 13.
Since 1941 there have been 27 paired years in which landings have fluctuated 600,000
pounds or less, averaging no more than 3 percent. The relationship of declining effort to in=
creases in temperature or relatively minor changes in temperature and of greatly increased
effort to major declines in temperature is illustrated by table 13.
SUSTAINED YIELD
Examination of all the data and their relationships suggests that under existing legal and
social conditions of the fishery, a sustained annual yield of 22 million pounds is possible by
the proper application of this information.
Sampling of fishermen for the lengthof the fishing year indicates an average of 130 days.
With fishing effort ranging from 383,000 to 800,000 traps and having an average 6.5 percent
increase per year since 1951, despite some declines in temperature, the data from table 13
have been used to construct the graph shown in figure 5 as well as to prepare table 14.
Selected pairs of years in which average landings ranged from 21.5 to 22.5 million pounds
have been used to find out what fishing effort (number of traps) has to be used at any given
April-May sea water temperature level between 44.5° and 49.5° F. to produce 22 million
pounds of lobster.
The curve of figure 5 represents sustained yield at 22 million pounds. Deviations as they
have occurred within the limits of 21.5 to 22.5 million pounds are indicated. In those years
26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
fx
°
a
5
o
is}
by
Q
3
ES
eT
o
a
>
Cj
=
y = 96.4 + (-.0158)x
Average April
Number of Traps in Thousands
Fig. 5 = Sustained annual yield of 22 million pounds in Maine
lobster fishery.
Vol. 26, No.1la
Table 14 - A Type of Management for Sustained Yield
in the Maine Lobster Fishery
Average
April-May
Sea Water
Temperature
Number of Fishing
Units (Traps)
Needed to Catch
22 Million Pounds
Average
Lobster
Landings
Million Lbs.
21.6
22.0
21.8
22.2
21.9
21.8
22.4
22.0
22.0
22.0
21.9
22.3
21.8
21.7
21.6
21.5
1951=53
1953=54
1951=55
1954-55
1949-57
1953-58
1951=60
1955-58
1954-62
1956-60
1958=59
1958-62
1959-61
1961-62
when average landings were greater or less than 22 million pounds, the number of traps has
been adjusted up or down on a percentage basis.
This application of research findings illustrates how biological and economic information
might be used to bring about the ultimate objective of conservation--sustained annual yield of
a resource at the best level possible.
LITERATURE CITED
DOW, ROBERT L.
1962. Use of Environmental and Economic Factors to Check
Biological Fluctuations in Maine Lobster Population.
Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 24, no. 8 (Au-
gust), pp. 6-8. (Sep. No. 654.)
1961. Some Factors Influencing Maine Lobster Landings.
Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 9 (Sep=
tember), pp. 1-11. (Sep. No. 627.)
and T. T. TROTT
1956. A Study of Major Factors of Maine Lobster Production
Fluctuations. Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries,
Augusta, Maine, ms.
TAYLOR, CLYDE C.
1951. A Method of Inferring the Annual Growth Increment of
Lobsters from Length-Frequency Measurements. Fish.
Cir. no. 3, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta,
Maine, ms, reprinted, May.
1950. A Review of Lobster Rearing in Maine. Research Bul.
no. 5, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta,
Maine, ms.
1949, The Schoodic Lobster Planting Experiments (supp. 1).
Fish, Cir. |no. 5, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries,
Augusta, Maine, ms.
, and F, T, BAIRD
1947, The Schoodic Lobster Planting Experiments, Fish. Cir,
no. 2, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta,
Maine, ms.
Prolific fish—such as carp—often deposit as many as 150,000
eggs annually.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27
TRAWLING RESULTS OF THE R/V ANTON BRUUN
IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND ARABIAN SEA
By A. T. Pruter*
SUMMARY
Trawling surveys in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea were conducted in 1963
from the National Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun as part of the United States
contribution to the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Relatively small shrimp catches
obtained may reflect a distribution of shrimp concentrations in shallower waters than were
surveyed. Demersal fish in the Bay of Bengal generally were similar to those observed in
the Arabian Sea. Stingray dominated the catches in all regions at depths less than 50 fathoms.
Fig. 1 - United States National Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun at anchor off Phuket, Thailand, during Cruise 1 in the
Bay of Bengal.
Largest fish catches were taken off Muscat and Oman (Arabia), The precipitous and uneven
ocean bottom at depths greater than about 100 fathoms in both the Bay of Bengal and the Ara-~
bian Sea, together with relatively few demersal fish at such depths, would seem to hinder if
not preclude developing deep-water trawl fisheries.
INTRODUCTION
The International Indian Ocean Expedition (I.1.0.E.) is sponsored by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the cooperation of the Inter=
* Fishery Biologist, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
Sep. No. 717
28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
national Council of Scientific Unions. It is an unprecedented, cooperative, international study
of the seas, and represents the first attempt to study scientifically an entire ocean. More
than 40 vessels and several hundred scientists from many nations are participating in the 3-
year program. Information on the Indian Ocean will permit more accurate weather forecast-
ing, charting sea currents, and more economical navigational routes, locating latent fisheries
resources, and compiling new hydrographic charts.
From March 12 to May 10, 1963, and from November 12 to December 10, 1963, trawling
surveys of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, respectively, were conducted from the Na-
tional Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun (fig. 1). Those surveys were part of
the participation in the I.I.0.E. in which various governmental groups and educational and
private institutions are participating.
The scientific program from the 243-foot Anton Bruun (formerly the Presidential yacht
Williamsburg) is directed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. During its 2-year as-
signment in the Indian Ocean, the Anton Bruun has a permanent staff of oceanographers to
provide continuity in the basic oceanographic program, Visiting scientists from the United
States and other countries participate in individual cruises, Personnel from the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries participate in most of the cruises
from the Anton Bruun, and on 4 of the cruises involving fisheries surveys— they direct the
fishing activities. Overall direction and coordination of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
participation in the Indian Ocean program is being provided by the Bureau's Biological Labo-
ratory in Honolulu. Scientists and fishermen from the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing and Gear
Research Base at Seattle and from the Biological Laboratory in Honolulu directed exploratory
trawling activities on Cruises 1 and 4B. This report discusses the trawling results of those
two cruises. Reports on hydrographic, ichthyological, and other activities during the cruises
will be published elsewhere by the investigators concerned with such studies.
Thirty-one exploratory hauls with a Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl were made on Cruise 1
in the Bay of Bengal. Hauls were made off the west coast of Thailand, near the Andaman Is-
lands, off Burma, and off East Pakistan. The trawling phase of Cruise 1 ended 1 month earli-
er than planned due to malfunction of the trawl winch. On Cruise 4B, 86 trawl hauls were
made in the Arabian Sea off northwest India, off West Pakistan, in the Gulf of Oman, and off
Muscat and Oman (Arabia).
Commercial trawl fisheries for shrimp and fish in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian
Sea are restricted to relatively shallow waters of a maximum depth of about 40 fathoms and
generally less than 20 fathoms. Exploratory trawling on Cruises 1 and 4B was primarily de-
signed to provide information on fish and shrimp resources in regions and at depths not pres-
ently exploited.
On Cruise 1 in the Bay of Bengal the vessel track was chosen to accommodate both ocean-
ography and exploratory fishing; onCruise 4B in the Arabian Sea, exploratory fishing only.
GEAR AND METHODS
Nylon Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawls (Schaefers and Johnson 1957) measuring 42 feet along
the footrope and having a mesh size of 14 inches (stretched measurement, opening including:
one knot) were used on both cruises. The trawl was connected by a 25-fathom-long bridle to
a single towing warp. A rectangular otter board measuring 23 feet by 5 feet and weighing 160
pounds was attached to each wing of the net when trawling to depths of 200 fathoms. Below 200
fathoms heavier boards (260 pounds each) were used.
The shrimp trawl was towed from an A-frame on the starboard side of the Anton Brunn.
A hydraulic crane located aft of the A-frame lifted the net and doors outboard and inboard and
lifted the cod end of the net aboard after each haul. A lazy line''--a nylon rope with a loop
on one end passing through puckering rings on the forward portion of the cod end--was used
to pull the net alongside the Anton Bruun and to lift the cod end aboard.
1/Cmises 2 and 5 are tuna surveys employing pelagic longline gear; Cruises 1 and 4B are bottom-trawling surveys.
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29
Echo-sounding tracings of the ocean bottom were obtained whenever the Anton Bruun was
under way. They were supplemented by more detailed soundings prior to trawling and by
samples of bottom sediments obtained with a small dredge or a spring-loaded bottom grab.
The Anton Bruun is powered by two main engines supplemented by an active rudder. Us-
ing the port engine the vessel moved at 6 to 8 knots during setting of the trawl. When approxi-
mately 50 to 100 fathoms of cable remained to be let out on each haul, the vessel was slowed
by reducing speed of the port engine as low as possible and running the active rudder in re-
verse. This was done in an attempt to have the vessel proceeding at standard trawling speed
when the trawl reached the ocean bottom. Either the port engine, the active rudder, or a com-
bination of both was used to maintain trawling speed after the net reached the ocean bottom.
Trawling speed ranged between 2 and 33 knots.
The ratio between the amount of towing warp out and the depth to bottom was greater in
shallow water than in deep water, ranging from 6 to 1 (6 fathoms of cable to 1 fathom of depth)
in less than 20 fathoms to approximately 23 to 1 at 1,000 fathoms. To ensure that the trawl
reached bottom, a practice was followed of using slightly higher ratios than were found satisfac -
tory in exploratory trawling with identical gear in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (Pereyra 1963).
Duration of the hauls varied between 30 and 60 minutes, counted as the time the net was
on the bottom. Catches were emptied onto a sorting table and separated by family (genera or
species when possible). Each group was examined (1) to determine the number of individuals
present and their total weight, and (2) to estimate their range in length by measuring the to-
tal lengths of the smallest and largest individuals present. Length frequencies were obtained
from representative samples of some groups of fishes. For the larger shrimp catches, esti-
mates of the number of whole (heads on) shrimp per pound were recorded.
REGIONS SURVEYED
- Locations of trawl stations in the Bay
Bengal and in the Arabian Sea are shownin
figures 2 and 3. The topography of the con-
tinental shelf (depths to 100 fathoms) in all
regions surveyed was generally suitable for
trawling except off Muscat and Oman and in
the Gulf of Oman where numerous coral out-
croppings were encountered. Green mud
was the dominant bottom sediment in both
the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The
continental slope was precipitous and un-
even in all regions surveyed. This pre-
cluded much trawling at depths greater than
about 100 fathoms.
PAKISTAN
_SEAST)
For convenience in analyzing the dis-
tribution and relative abundance of fish and
shrimp encountered, the survey regions
were divided into the following areas: An-
daman Islands, Thailand, Burma, East Pak-
istan, northwest India, West Pakistan, Gulf
of Oman, and Muscat and Oman (Arabia).
Areas were subdivided into the following
depth intervals: 8-49 fathoms, 50-99 fath-
oms, 100-199 fathoms, 200-299 fathoms,
he Peet cits priate a yaoyirany ingen ee Location of trawl stations, cruise 1 of R/V Anton
30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
- PAKISTAN
__, (WEST)
ARABIAN
SEA
Fig. 3 - Location of trawl stations, Cruise 4B of R/V Anton Bruun.
RESULTS
Thirty-one trawl hauls were made in the Bay of Bengal; 27 were successful and 4 re-
sulted in extensive damage to the nets. In the Arabian Sea 86 trawl hauls were completed; 77
were successful and 9 resulted in extensive damage to nets. The highest incidence of gear
damage occurred off Muscat and Oman where one-half of the hauls were unsuccessful and in
the Gulf of Oman where the nets were extensively damaged in one-quarter of the hauls.
Fishing effort and catch rates for fish and shrimp by areas and depth intervals in the Bay
of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are shown in tables 1 and 2. Because of the few trawl hauls and
the probable low catching efficiency of the shrimp trawl, it is impossible to assess the com-
mercial potential of fish and shrimp inhabiting the various areas. The surveys do provide,
however, an indication of the relative abundance of fish and shrimp between areas.
Greatest survey effort was expended in the depth range 8-49 fathoms, the shallowest zone
surveyed. Within this depth range best coverage was attained off northwest India and off West
Pakistan, where totals of 22 and 16 successful trawl hauls were completed (table 2).
In the depth zone 50-99 fathoms, best survey coverage was attained off northwest India,
off West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman where from six to seven successful trawl hauls
were completed in each area (table 2).
Maximum survey effort in the depth range 100-199 fathoms was expended in the Gulf of
Oman (four successful hauls) and off northwest India and West Pakistan (two successful hauls
November 1964 - Supplement
in each region).
one in the 1,000- to 1,099-fathom interval.
Table 1 - Number of Successful Trawl Hauls, Fishing Effort, and
Catch Rates by Areas and Depth Zones in the Bay of Bengal,
om Interval:
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31
Only one successful haul was madein the depth interval 200-299 fathoms and
Both of the latter hauls were made off Burma.
BAY OF BENGAL: Fish: 8- to 49-Fath-
Highest catch rates of fishinthe
Bay of Bengal occurred in the 8- to 49-fathom
depth interval off Burma and off East Pakistan
where 107 and 157 pounds of fish, respective-
| ly, were caught per hour of trawling (table 1).
' In those regions and in this depth interval,
| stingray (Dasyatidae) and guitarfish (Rhino-
| batidae) dominated the catches. Other fish
which comprised an important part of the
, catches were drum (Sciaenidae), lizardfish
(Synodontidae), and snapper (Lutjanidae),
Some miscellaneous fish taken included sea
catfish (Ariidae), threadfin (Polynemidae), and
tonguefish (Cynoglossidae).
R/V Anton Bruun, March-April 1963
Andam
East
ina | tad [Pom pan
8-49 fathoms
Depth Interval, Fishing
Effort, and Catch Rates
Saas fathoms
Pounds fish /hour trawled .
Poulids shrimp/hour trawled
100-199 fathoms
SAE 0
Pounds fish/hourtrawled .
Pounds shrim p/hour trawled
50- to 99-Fathom Interval: The only haul
inthis depth interval was made in the Andaman
Islands area and was unproductive, yielding only
4 pounds of fish per hour of trawling (table 1).
Included inthe catch were a number of small
threadfin-bream (Nemipteridae), cardinal-
fish (Apogonidae), lizardfish, goatfish (Mul-
lidae), and mackerel (Scombridae).
100- to 199-Fathom Interval: The single
haul in this depth interval was made off Burma
and provided 68 pounds of fish per hour of
trawling. Chlorophthalmid (Chlorophthalmidae) was the dominant group encountered, account-
ing for over one-half the total fish catch by weight. Chlorophthalmid were followed in order
of abundance by scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae) and butterfish (Stromateidae). Miscellaneous spe-
cies taken included bembropsid (Bembropsidae), requiem shark (Carcharinidae), grenadier
(Macruridae), bigeyes (Priacanthidae), and tripodfish (Triacanthidae).
200- to 299-Fathom Interval: Single hauls were made off Thailand and Burma in this
depth interval. Off Burma, hatchetfish (pieraept yaad) were the dominant group encounter-
ed, accounting for over 70 percent of the to-
tal fish catch by weight. Hatchetfish were
followed by requiem shark, grenadier, cut-
lassfish (Trichiuridae), and chlorophthalmids.
Off Thailand, skate (Rajidae), sea robbin
(Peristediidae), and boafish (Stomiatidae)
dominated the catches.
1,000- to 1,099-Fathom Interval:: The
one successful trawl haul made in the 1,000-
to 1,099-fathom interval off Burma yielded a
catch rate of 2 pounds per hour of trawling.
The catch consisted of one snipe eel (Nemich-
thyidae), four boafish, several eel larvae, and
a number of unidentified fish.
The largest fish encountered in the Bay
of Bengal were stingray and guitarfish which
attained maximum estimated weights of 200
and 225 pounds, respectively.
Fig. 4 - Shrimp-trawl catch in Bay of Bengal, Cruise 1 of R/V
Anton Bruun.
32
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW
Vol. 26, No. 1la
Shrimp: With the exception of the Andaman Islands area, shrimp were taken in all depth
zones and in all areas surveyed in the Bay of Bengal. However, no large catches were ob-
tained in any area. Off Burma, several individual hauls made at depths between 14 and 35
fathoms yielded from 10 to 20 pounds of shrimp per hour of trawling. Two 3-hour hauls off
Burma in 165 and 200 fathoms of water yielded 28 and 17 pounds of shrimp, respectively.
Most of the shrimp belonged to the family Penaeidae (genera Penaeus and Metapenaeus)
and to the tribe Caridea. They generally were small, ranging from 200 to 300 heads-oncount
per pound, although a few penaeid shrimp weighing over one-half pound each were caught.
ARABIAN SEA: Fish: 8-to 49-Fathom Interval: Highest catch rates of fish in the Arabi-
an Sea occurred off Muscat and Oman in the 8- to 49-fathom depth interval (table 2) where
four trawlhauls weremade. Numerous
coral outcroppings in that area re-
sulted in extensive damage tothe trawl
nets on 2 of the 4 hauls. Of the two
successful hauls, one of 30 minutes
made at 23 fathoms yielded an esti-
mated 5,500 pounds of stingray plus
100 pounds of other fish; the other (45
minutes) made at 25 fathoms yielded
1,700 pounds of fish--primarily grunt
(Pomadasyidae), stingray, and cardinal
fish--and 1,840 pounds of swimming
erab (Portunidae).
Table 2 - Number of Successful Trawl Hauls, Fishing Effort and
Catch Rates by Areas and Depth Zones in the Arabian Sea,
R/V Anton Bruun, November-December 1963
Northwest | West Gulf of
India ‘Pakistan | Oman
Depth Interval, Fishing
j Muscat & OniGn|
| Effort, and Catch Rates
(Arabia) -
8-49 fathoms WN
|Number of hauls... . . 22 16 9 2
Hours trawled ...... 16.4 11.9 6.5 1.3
Pounds fish/hour trawled . 214 137 64 5, 840
Pounds shrim p/hour trawled 8 trace 1 trace
50-99 fathoms
Number of hauls. .
Hours trawled « « « ee e
7 7 6
5.5 6.1 4.1
132 246 118
1 1 1
Pounds fish/hour trawled ,
Catch rates inthe 8- to 49-fathom |Poundsstrimp/hourtrawled
depth interval off northwest India, West 100-199 fathoms
Pakistan, andinthe Gulf of Oman were 2 4
much lower than off Muscat and Oman, he rok
ranging from 64 to 214 pounds of fish 6 8
per hour of trawling (table 2). Stingray
again were dominant, accounting for from one-halfto one-third of the total fish catches by
weight. Other important species in all areas were threadfin-bream and drum. Grunt were
numerous off West Pakistan and off Muscat
and Oman. The apparent distribution of Bom-
bay duck (Harpadontidae), a commercially im-
portant group in India, was interesting in that
they were caught in substantial numbers in the.
Arabian Sea only off northwest India in the
Gulfs of Kutch and Cambay and only in rela-
tively shallow water (8-20 fathoms).
Number of hauls
Hours trawled .....-.
Pounds fish/hour trawled.
Pounds shrimp/hour trawled
2)
2.0
22
trace
50- to 99-Fathom Interval: No trawling
was conducted below 49 fathoms off Muscat
and Oman. Catch rates in the depth interval
50-99 fathoms off West Pakistan and in the
Gulf of Oman were higher than in the shallow-
er interval surveyed in these regions. In con-
trast, off northwest India the catch rate in this
interval was less than that in the shallower 8-
to 49-fathom interval. Within the 50- to 99-
fathom interval, stingray comprised an impor-
tant part of the catches only off West Pakistan.
Threadfin-bream were as important in the
catches in all areas surveyed as in shallower water. Although drum and grunt were taken,
they occurred less often in most areas than in the shallower 8- to 49-fathom interval. Other
fish accounting for much of the catches in this interval included jack (Carangidae), sea bass
(Serranidae), and lizardfish. Off West Pakistan and in the Gulf of Oman, monocle-bream
(Scolopsidae) were important in the catches; however, relatively few were caught in other areas.
Fig. 5 = Catch of fish and swimming crabs taken in shrimp trawl
off Muscat and Oman (Arabia), Cruise 4B of R/V Anton Bruun, .
———— il
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33
100- to 199-Fathom Interval: Off northwest India, West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman,
the catch rates declined markedly in this interval compared to those in shallower intervals
(table 2), Drum and cardinalfish formed important parts of the catches in all areas. Stingray
were not taken in this depth interval in any area. Off northwest India, Champsodontidae was
the dominant family of fish encountered but they were virtually absent from catches off West
Pakistan and in the Gulf of Oman. Threadfin-bream comprised an important part of the catch-
es off northwest India.
The largest fish captured in the Arabian Sea were stingray, which attained a maximum
estimated weight of 450 pounds. One haul made off Muscat and Oman contained approximately
5,500 pounds of stingray estimated at 40 pounds each. Occasional large guitarfish (approxi-
mately 400 pounds) were caught. Some other relatively large fish caught during the survey
were false conger eel (Muraenesocidae) which ranged up to 14-pounds in weight apiece, drum
of up to 22 pounds each, and threadfin of up to 15 pounds each. Many of the more abundant
fish in the catches were relatively small. Grunt averaged about one-half pound and attained
a Iaximum weight of approximately 4 pounds. Threadfin-bream averaged about one-tenth
pound each. Lizardfish averaged only a few ounces, but occasional specimens ranged up to
13 pounds. Monocle-bream, cardinalfish, and flathead (Platycephalidae) all averaged only a
few ounces in weight.
Shrimp: Shrimp were taken in all depth zones and in all regions surveyed in the Arabian
Sea. Catches in all regions and depth zones, however, were disappointingly small. Best
catches were taken off northwest India in the 8- to 49-fathom depth interval, and in the Gulf
of Oman and off West Pakistan in the 100- to 199-fathom depth interval (table 2). The largest
single haul of shrimp taken in the Arabian Sea survey was 66 pounds, caught in a 45-minute
haul off northwest India at a depth of 18 fathoms. The next largest single haul was 30 pounds
taken in a 1-hour haul in the Gulf of Oman at a depth of 163-170 fathoms. A 40-minute haul
off northwest India in the Gulf of Cambay in 15 fathoms produced 28 pounds of Caridean
shrimp (Paleomon).
Most of the shrimp belonged to the family Penaeidae (genera Penaeus, Metapenaeus, and
Solenocerina) and to the tribe Caridea. As in the Bay of Bengal survey, the shrimp generally
were small, although occasional hauls yielded fair numbers of 40 to 50 heads~on count per
pound,
}
Many sea snake (Hydrophidae) were caught in the small-mesh shrimp trawls in both the
Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea. Because they are extremely poisonous, the snakes must
be handled with care when removing them from the net or from the catches. Use of larger-
mesh trawls should reduce the catch of snakes.
DISCUSSION
Catching ability of the Anton Bruun may have been impaired in shallow water due to mud
being stirred up from the ocean bottom by the vessel's wake. This was noticeable in depths
of about 12 fathoms and less and may have frightened some shallow-water animals away from
the path of the trawl. At those depths, the catching efficiency of a smaller vessel with a shal=
lower draft might have been higher than that of the Anton Bruun.
Shrimp catches in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea were surprisingly small in
view of the large commercial shrimp fisheries there. The commercial fisheries, however,
occur in shallower waters than were explored from the Anton Bruun. Shrimp appeared about
equally available throughout all depth intervals surveyed out to a depth of 299 fathoms. The
larger penaeid shrimp, however, were caught in the shallower depth intervals.
Largest fish catches were taken off Muscat and Oman where two successful trawl hauls
in the depth interval 8-49 fathoms yielded a catch rate over 20 times as high as that obtained
in any other region or depth interval. Although catches off Muscat and Oman primarily con~
sisted of stingray and swimming crab for which there is no market, one 45-minute haul yield-
ed 980 pounds of grunt. It seems probable that further explorations there would locate large
populations of other more desirable species.
34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla
Off northwest India, West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman, demersal fish appeared as
abundant in the 50- to 99-fathom interval as in the shallower 8- to 49-fathom interval. Trawl-
ing effort in other areas was too inadequate in the 50- to 99-fathom interval to provide amean-
ingful comparison. Relative abundance of fishes at depths greater than 99 fathoms declined
markedly in all areas surveyed.
Within the depth interval 8-49 fathoms in all areas surveyed, elasmobranchs, primarily
stingray, dominated the catches. The relative importance of stingray in the catches decreased
greatly in the 50- to 99-fathom interval and they were virtually absent in hauls made below 99
fathoms.
Demersal fish in the Bay of Bengal generally appeared similar to those observed in the
Arabian Sea. In both regions, stingray, guitarfish, threadfin-bream, drum, lizardfish, thread-
fin, and cardinalfish were among the dominant groups encountered on the continental shelf.
Grunt were important constituents of the fish fauna throughout most of the Arabian Sea; how=
ever, in the Bay of Bengal they were caught only off Burma and only in small quantities.
Throughout most of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, the precipitous and uneven ocean
bottom at depths greater than 100 fathoms prevented trawling. This factor, together with an
apparent reduction in abundance of demersal fishes, would seem to hinder if not preclude fu-
ture development of major commercial trawl fisheries at depths greater than about 100 fath-
oms.
LITERATURE CITED
PEREYRA, WALTER T. SCHAEFERS, EDWARD A, and HAROLD C. JOHNSON
1963. Scope Ratio-Depth Relationships for Beam Trawl, 1957. Shrimp Explorations off the Washington Coast, Fall
Shrimp Trawl, and Otter Trawl. Commercial Fish= of 1955 and Spring 1956. Commercial Fisheries Re=
eries Review, vol. 25, no. 12 (December). (Sep. view, vol. 19, no. 1 (January). (Sep. No. 465.)
No. 696.)
NEW WEATHER MACHINE DEVELOPED TO PREDICT WEATHER
Some of the drudgery experienced daily by the weather forecasters, and
perhaps some of the vilification, maybe reduced in the near future by the use
of a machine, calledthe learning machine, which can be fed and taught to rec-
ognize geometric patterns found in weather formations.
The machine is called ADALINE (short for adaptive linear neuron) and
learns its own mathematical procedures for processing meteorological data
fed to it in training on weather patterns. Developed at Stanford University,
the machine is nowtrained on some 200 weather patterns taken from weather
records over the past five years and has been amazingly accurate in its pre-
dictions. (Sea Secrets, April 1964.)
November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35
UNITED STATES PACIFIC COAST COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Since earliest times, the sea and its great resources have profoundly in-
fluenced the patternof life of the Pacific Coast. In Alaska, fisheries have long
been the chief industry. More than a billion pounds of fish and shellfish are
landed each year in United States Pacific coast ports.
Even in prehistoric times, the fisheries resources were important to the
inhabitants of the region. Primitive tribes depended almost entirely on fish and
Shellfishfor their food. During the salmon runs they dried and smoked great
quantities of salmon for winter use; they knew, too, where the clams, crabs,
and abalone were to be found along the seacoast and in the estuaries. Clam and
abalone shells, treasured for ornamental and for kitchen use, entered the com-
merce between coastal and inland tribes.
When the white settlers came, the world began to hear of the wonders of
the region, not the least of which were its fishery resources. The fisheries
boomed inthe mid-1800's as reports of the fur seals, whales, salmon, and other
species to be taken in North Pacific waters drew men from distant lands. The
fishermen of Italy, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Greece, England, Portugal, China,
and Japan brought with them their fishing skills, based on centuries of experi-
ence. The Pacific Coast fisheries truly became a great melting pot ofnations,
and many of the philosophies and attitudes of those hardy men of the sea have come
down to later generations.
The tradition of fishing is still as strong among the West Coast fishermen
as inthose early days. Only the methods have changed. The rowboat and sail-
boat largely have given way to the Diesel-powered trawler, gill-netter, troller,
and purse-Seiner; the paranzella net has developed into the trawl. In recent
years Pacific Coast fishermen have accounted for about a fifth of the approxi-
mately 5 billion pounds of fish, shellfish, and other products of the sea taken
by United States fishermen. Some 30,000 strong, they ply their trade in ava-
riety of boats, ranging from large tuna clippers and purse-seiners to tiny
fishing craft. In their quest for fish, West Coast fishermen range from the
Bering Sea to Peru. Their landings place the Pacific Coast States--Alaska,
Washington, Oregon, and California--first in value of landings and second only
to the Gulf States in volume. For many years, San Pedro, Calif., has led all
other United States ports both in quantity and value of the landings.
The Pacific Coast fishery resources include the valuable fur seal of Alaska
and the far-ranging whales; the widely distributed shellfishes; and the abundant
fishes of the sea andrivers. Four general groups of fish support the commer-
cial fisheries of the Pacific Coast: anadromous fish that return from the sea
to spawn in fresh water; pelagic fish that live in the upper waters of the open
sea; groundfish that live along the Continental Shelf and Slope, spending most
of their lives on or nearthe seabottom; and a miscellaneous group caught pri-
marily for the fresh-fish market.
--Conservation Note 15, "Commercial Fisheries of the Pacific Coast,"
Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C, 20240.
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LYONNAISE HADDOCK
When in Seattle ::
CRISPY BROILED SALMON
2 unds salmon steaks or 1 teaspoon salt -
rtten fish steaks, fresh 1 clove garlic, crushed 2 pounds haddock fillets 1 teaspoon salt
or frozen Dash paprika or other fish fillers, Yg teaspoon pepper i
14 cup butter or margarine, 1 cup crushed potato chips - fresh or frozen r 2 tablespoons chopped |
melted \4 cup crushed saltines aI iA cups thinly sliced onion parsley ;
4 cup lemon juice Lemon wedges : #. ore lair 1 Siteoss crushed 3
Thaw frozen steaks. Cut into serving-size portions and place in i H 2 tablespoons lemon juice aieed ‘
a shallow baking dish. Combine butter, lemon juice, salt, garlic, h F Y ’
and paprika. Pour sauce over fish and let stand for 30 minutes, e Thaw frozen fillets. Skin fillets and cut into serving-size portions.
turning once. Combine crushed chips and saltines. Remove fish, A 4 Cook onion in butter until lightly browned. Place %4 of onion on
reserving sauce for basting. Roll fish in crumb mixture, Place ee bottom of a well-greased baking dish, 12x 8x2 inches. Arrange
fish on a well-greased broiler pan. Drizzle sauce over fish. Broil 5 fish over onion. Sprinkle with lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Add
about 5 inches from source of heat for 4 to 6 minutes or until parsley and dill weed to remaining onion; spread over fish. Bake
brown, Turn carefully and broil’ 4 to 6 minutes longer or until : in a moderate oven, 350° F., for 30 to 40 minutes or until fish
brown and fish flakes easily when tested with a fork. Serve with flakes easily when tested with a fork. Serves 6.
oO
Appetites Ahoy!
Wherever You Go in the U.S.A.
There are Seafoods to Delight
Any Gourmet.
Its Mighty Good im Mobile
OYSTER SANDWICH LOAVES
2 cans (12 ounces each) 1% cups flour
shucked oysters, 2 eggs, beaten
fresh or frozen 2 tablespoons milk
6 rectangular Italian rolls 1 teaspoon salt
Y% cup soft butter or Dash pepper
margarine Cocktail Sauce
114 cups dry bread crumbs
Thaw frozen oysters, Drain oysters. Slice off top of each roll.
Scoop out the inside to form a basket, leaving about 44 inch of
crust all around. Spread inside and tops with butter. Place on a
cooky sheet, 15x12 inches. Toast under broiler, about 5 inches
from source of heat, for 2 to 3 minutes or until golden brown.
Combine crumbs and flour. Combine egg, milk, and seasonings.
Roll oysters in crumb mixture, dip in egg mixture, and roll in
crumb mixture. Fry in hot fat at moderate heat until brown on
one side. Turn carefully and brown the other side. Cooking time
approximately 5 to 7 minutes. Drain on absorbent paper. Place
oysters in toasted rolls. Cover with tops of rolls. leat in a hot
oven, 400° F., for 5 minutes. Serve with Cocktail Sauce. Serves 6.
A Simile a Mile ~~~
~~~ With Seafoods f
UMMIMIITTISTL ASS ELL
Le
Ten wire
From Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin:
"A Seafood Tour of the U.S. A.,"
U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
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