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Fa = F = iE = hd Wi z a Z o zZ 4 = z n z oe 7) < RSW, = << Ne = vSVAT z a g 2 “HSO : (As MN SF > a ~ 3 Esme) = \ = : AS Gif Pi go iS 1@RELS i wHif i QS ~) 2 V: A "REX ™ @ [5 4)” WS an» a \e' WN Pais VOL. Aull yey wn en" 26, NO. 11 NOVEMBER 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR Sees SURE OME ALL, SECRETARY DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISS|ONER qs) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: Shows a larval swordfish being taken from a pan containing oth- er larval fish including marlin, tuna, and barracuda, The specimens were taken in plankton tows by the research vessel John Elliott Pills- bury of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, while con- ducting oceanographic investigations in the Tropical Atlantic between the northeast Bahamas and Bermuda, (Also see pp. 48-50 of this issue.) . .Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.), by Max Patashnik, Charles F, Lee, Harry L, Seagran, and F, Bruce Sanford 12 . .Age Composition of the Commercial California Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963, by Peter A, Isaacson Page Page : TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: American Fisheries Advisory Committee: 15 .. Handling and Processing Aboard Japanese 21 .. Fisheries Problems to be Discussed At 18th Vessels of Alaska Salmon Annual Meeting 15 .. Foreign Fishing Activities Off Alaska American Samoa: 16 .. Kodiak has Excellent Salmon Season 21 .. American Samoan-Based Tuna Fleet Dwin- 16 .. Kodiak Processing Plant Very Active dling 17... Good Progress in Herring Reduction California: 17... Ample Supplies for Crab-Processing Plants 21 .. San Franciso Bay Investigations Continued 17... Cordova Dungeness Crab Prices Drop 23... Abalone Observations and Growth Studies 17... Filing of Fishery Disaster Loan Applications 23 .. Albacore Tuna Migration Studies and Tagging Extended to October 31, 1964 24 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Jan- velopment: uary-July 1964 17... Shrimp Explorations Off Alaska Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Alaska Fishery Investigations: 25 .. Swimming Behavior of Tuna and Mackerel 19 .. Copper River Sockeye Salmon Serological Studied Sampling 26 .. Skipjack Tuna Blood-Typing Studies Expanded 19 .. Naknek System Red Salmon Smolt Outmigra- 27... Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- tion tinued 19 .. Karluk Lake Salmon Escapement Export Opportunity: 20 .. Crab Tagging Program 28 .. New Sample Display Service Offers Export 20 .. Olsen Bay Pink Salmon Run, 1964 Development Oppc rtunity 20 .. Transplanting Live Pink Salmon Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: 20 .. Studies on Migrations of Juvenile Salmon 28 .. Department of Defense Purchases, January- August 1964 Contents continued page Il, II Page 29 30 30 30 33 33 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 47 48 50 50 51 51 » COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No, 11 CONTENT (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Foreign Fishery Reporting: United States Fishery Attache Program in Foreign Countries Freezing: Use of Liquid Nitrogento Freeze Fish Studied Fur Seals: Pribilof Islands Fur Seal Skin Harvest, 1964 Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Development; Studies on Trawling of Commercial Species in Lake Superior Continued Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies of Alewife, Chub, and Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan Continued Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Lake Erie Yellow Perch Landings Down Sharply in 1964 Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission: Annual Meeting in Brownsville, Texas Industrial Fishery Products: U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production by Areas, August 1964 Production, July 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1964 U.S. Fish Meal:and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-July 1964 Menhaden Catches North of Chesapeake Bay Decline U.S. Fish Oil Production Forecast for 1964 Inventions: Shrimp Head,and Vein Removing Tool Pat- ented Louisiana: Fishery Landings, 1963 New York City: Relocation of Wholesale Fulton Fish Market Recommended North Atlantic Fisheries Explorationand Gear Research: Surf Clam Survey Continued Whiting Escapement Study Electrical Fishing Tests Continued North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Summer Distribution and Abundance of Ground- fish Species Studied Continental Shelf Waters Surveyed North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Survey of Deep-Water Marine Fauna Off Mouth of Columbia River Continued Experimental Fishing with "Cobb" Pelagic Trawl Oceanography: Larval Specimens of Tuna, Swordfish, and Marlin Collected in the Tropical Atlantic Exchange Visits by United States and Soviet Oceanographers Small Portable Marine Work Platform with Derrick Oregon: Metolius Salmon Hatchery Closes and Ex- perimental Hatchery Station Opens Oysters: Light Strike in James River Seed Beds in 1964 Page 52 52 53 54 54 55 55 57 58 58 59 60 61 61 63 63 63 64 64 65 65 67 67 68 68 70 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Oysters (Contd.): Development of Disease-Resistant Oyster Strains Pesticides: Stringent Rules Ordered in Use of Pesticides on Lands Administered by Department of the Interior Preservation: Shelf Life of Frozen Fish Studied Radiation Preservation: Acceptance Tests Conducted for Petrale Sole Fillets Irradiation of Fish at Sea Planned Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Sep- tember 1964 South Carolina: Fisheries Biological Research Progress, July-September 1964 Tropical Atlantic: Results of Fishery-Oceanographic Studies in Gulf of Guinea United States Fisheries: Commercial Fishery Landings, January- Au- gust 1964 U.S. Fishing Vessels: Emergency Medical Help Instructions for Fishermen Documentations Issued and Cancelled: July 1964 June 1964 Fisheries Loan Fund and Other Financial Aid for Vessels, July 1-September 30, 1964 New Small Stern-Trawler Canyon Prince U.S. Foreign Trade: Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Jan- uary-May 1964 Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Processed Edible Fishery Products, July 1964 Wages: New Minimum Wages for Onshore Fishery Workers Washington: Survey of Fish and Wildlife Resources of Pu- get Sound and Adjacent Waters Weather: Storm Warning Buoys for Gulf of Mexico Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1964 FOREIGN: International; North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Parties to the Convention Resumed Talks in Ottawa Japanese Fishing Industry Position on Nego- tiations Japanese Press Reaction to Talks International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: New Convention Approved at Conference in Copenhagen International Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone: Dominican Republic Ratifies Convention Contents continued page II, November 1964 Page ies ie 71 71 72 72 75 76 76 76 aa 79 79 79 79 79 80 81 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 85 85 87 87 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CONTENT (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, January-June 1963-1964 World Production, June 1964 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Bureau Meeting of Fisheries Committee Held 7 Food and Agriculture Organization: Fishery Training Center to be Built inSouth Korea Whaling: Soviets Propose Conference for Revision of Antarctic Catch Allocation Argentina: Fisheries Trends, 1963-1964 Australia: Facilities Expanded to Handle Increased Tuna Catch Joint Ventures with Japanese in Shrimp Farming and Tuna Fishing in Australia Considered Shrimp Fishery Good in 1964 Increase in Scallop Exports Planned Scallop Fishery Expands Exporting Pet Food to the United States Standards for Oysters Proposed Canada: Federal-Provincial British Columbia Fish- eries Committee Established Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Com- mittee Meeting in Ottawa New Chart of Nova Scotia Fishing Banks Ceylon: Proposed Government Fisheries Corporation May Lead to Fisheries Expansion Colombia: Fisheries Trends and Potential Cuba: Catch and Fishing Fleet Expanded Denmark: New Fisheries Attache Appointed for U. S. and Canada France: Shipyards Receive Orders from Soviets for Fishery Factoryships and from South Korea for Trawlers German Federal Republic: New Fish-Gutting Machine Offered by Firm Ghana: Technical Fisheries Assistance by Soviets Greece: Atlantic Freezer-Trawler Fishery Trends, January-June 1964 Greenland: 12-Mile Fishing Limits Modified to Continue Certain Historic Fishing Rights of Other Countries Halibut Fishery Trends, 1963 Shrimp Fishery Trends, 1963-1964 Ocean Catfish Fishery, 1963 Iceland: Exports of Fishery Products, January-June 1964 Page FOREIGN (Contd.): Iceland (Contd.): Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan- uary-April 1964 Utilization of Fishery Products, January- April 1964 Lobster Products Exports Increased New Type Lobster Product Available First Fish Sausages Produced Ireland: Fish Meal Factory Planned for East Coast Japan: Albacore and Yellowfin Export Prices Frozen Tuna Sales to U.S. Continued Slow, July-August 1964 Atlantic Tuna Fishery, August 1964 Tuna Resources in Eastern Pacific to be Sur- veyed by Research Vessel Study of Resource Management Problems Confronting Tuna Fishing Industry Market Value of Tuna Fishing Licenses Con- tinues to Fall Driftwood Released by Tuna Vessels Recov- ered Mothership Firms to Consign Sales of Pack of Alaska Pink Salmon to Land-Based Pack- ers Association Halibut Landings and Exports, 1958-63 Japanese Views on New Law Prohibiting Fishing in U.S. Territorial Waters by For- eign Vessels King Crab Operations in Bristol Bay Bering Sea Mothership-Type Bottomfish Op- erations Freezership Returns with Atlantic Trawl- Caught Fish Atlantic Trawl Fishery Exploratory Trawling in Northwest Atlantic to be Continued Japan to Join Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention Longer Trip Doubles Bottomfish Catch for Trawlers in New Zealand Waters Licensing of Bottomfish Operations Off New Zealand Status of Voluntary Fishery Export Controls, FY 1964 Hokkaido Saury Canners Sign Advance Pur- chase Agreement with Fishermen's Asso- ciation Fish Meal Association Organized Fisheries Agency Approves Japanese-Chile- an Whale Meat Sales Agreement Fishing Vessel Construction Eight Factoryships to be Built for U.S.S.R, Fisheries Agency to Build Large Research Vessel Republic of Korea: Freezer Vessel Launched at Netherlands Shipyard Mexico: Opening of Shrimp Fishing Season New Tariff Rates for Four Categories of Fishery Products Foreign Trade in Fishery Products, 1963 Fisheries Trends, 1963 Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 CONTENT (CONTINUED) Page FOREIGN (Contd.): Mexico (Contd.): 102 .. Joint Japanese-Mexican Whaling Venture in Mexico Proposed 102... Four Fishery Training Vessels Ordered by Government Morocco: 102 .. Joint Moroccan-French Tuna Fishing Ex- ploration Planned 103 .. Canned Sardine Loans Receive Renewed Par- tial Guarantee from Government Norway: 103... Exports of Canned Fish, January-July 1964 103... Herring Fish Meal Quality Control Studies Panama: 104 .. Tuna Fishing Regulations for Foreign Ves- sels in Panamanian Waters Peru: 105 .. Fish Meal and Oil Industry Trends, January- July 1964 and Outlook in September 1964 Philippines: 106 .. Development of Fishing Industry Spurred by Change in Government Import Policy Poland: 107 .. Fishing Vessel Construction Program Senegal: 109 .. Four Tuna Vessels to be Purchased from British South Africa Republic: 110 .. Tuna Vessel Delivers Good Catches 110 .. New Anchovy Fishery May Develop Rapidly 110 .. Production of Leading Processed Fishery Products, 1962-1963 111... Fisheries Catch, 1963 111 _.. Domestic Consumption of Leading Processed Fishery Products, 1963 112... Fiberglass Vessel Successful in Pilchard Fishery Page 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 124 126 FOREIGN (Contd.): Taiwan: Italy and Taiwan to Sign Fishery Cooperation Agreement U.S.S.R.: Fishery Landings in 1964 Expected to Sur- pass Catch Target Fishery Developments Ten Freezer-Transport Vessels Built in Sweden for Soviet Fishing Fleet Construction of Factoryship for North Pacif- ic Near Completion United Kingdom: Report on Fish Boxed at Sea Salmon and Trout Farming Method Develop- ed in Norway Attracts Interest First Shipment of Smoked Shark Fillets Mar- keted FEDERAL ACTIONS: Civil Service Commission: Educational Requirements for Federal Oce- anographers Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: Technical Assistance Project in Alaska to Aid Earthquake-Damaged Areas Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Revised Standards for Grades of Frozen Fish Blocks United States Circuit Court of Appeals: Ruling Upholds Breaded Seafood Processor's Overtime Exemption Under Fair Labor Standards Act Eighty-Eighth Congress (Second Session) RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositors: Alma Greene, Donna K. Wallace, and Marjorie McGlone Se Oe oS OK Ok Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover and pp. 49 & 50 (fig. 4)--William M. Stephens, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami; p. 16 (figs. 2 & 3)--U. S. Coast Guard; pp. 38 & 39--F. B. Sanford and C. F. Lee; p. 42--Exp. Fish & Gear Research Base, State Fish Pier, Gloucester, Mass.; p. 48--Don Heuer, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami; pp. 61 & 62--Blount Marine Corp., Warren, R. I.; p. 74--Industrias PesquerasAtlantico, SurS.A.I.C., BuenosAires, Argentina; pp. 77 & 78--Australian News & Information Bureau; p. 80--E. Estlander, FAO; p. 81--Robert O. Smith; pp. 83 & 84--Nordischer Maschinenban, Rud. Baader, Lubeck, Germany; p. 89 (right)--Amie J. Suomela; p. 94--Consulate General of Japan, N.Y.; pp. 100-102--R. S. Croker; p. 106--M. Lindner; p, 111--A. C. Jensen, Woods Hole, Mass, $EFILZEZF RHEE FPiviiPRwiFrz 22 25 222 wffteetezP 3Hi_i=i SiS SF HIS >= z= Fe as $5 S55 SFPES-SESPEFSEHR =F FEFEEE TEPER LE z= FF November 1964 Washington, D.C. Vol. 26, No. ll PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EXPERIMENTAL SMOKING OF CHUB (LEUCICHTHYS SP.) By Max Patashnik*, Charles F. Lee**, Harry L. Seagran***, and F. Bruce Sanford**** ABSTRACT Owing to the recent problem created by bacterial contamination, the smoked fish industry of the Great Lakes faces the task of producing a marketable product under modified processing conditions. This article reports on the results obtained when chub was experimentally smoked under the processing requirements of the various State and Federal regulatory groups concerned. The results show that for industry to conform with those requirements, substantial changes will be necessary in its traditional processing methods. INTRODUCTION The smoked fish industry of the states surrounding the Great Lakes is of considerable local importance. Production of chub for smoking in 1962 and 1963, for example, was about 10 to 11 million pounds a year. In late 1963, however, bacterial contamination of smoked chub and whitefish resulted in the overnight collapse of that industry owing to the reactions of con- sumers and of regulatory groups. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the follow-up of several State regulatory agencies, published advisories specifying processing and storage conditions under which the industry would be permitted to resume production and distribution of smoked fish from the Great Lakes. Those advisories have raised the immediate question as to whether smoked chub processed and stored as specified by the various regulatory agencies would be an ac- ceptable product. A preliminary investigation by a Bureau team of researchers showed that the industry lacked the answer to this question and that there was little if any reliable data on current processing techniques. To assist the industry toward an ultimate solution of the botulism problem, the Bureau set up two main lines of research--one dealing with the microbiological aspects of the prob- lem; the other with the technological aspects of processing. The microbiological work, which is being carried out under contract, will be reported separately. The present article is re- stricted to reporting on our preliminary investigation of processing. In presenting these re- sults, the Bureau recognizes that the interim processing regulations of the various regulatory groups and herein evaluated are definitely preliminary. We must await results from the long- er-range microbiological studies before a final regulatory code can be evolved. The general objectives of the present investigation (January 20-February 20, 1964) were limited to the evaluation of process variables associated with the interim minimum require- ments for the heat processing of smoked chub (180° F. for 30 minutes) as set forth by the *Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash. **Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md. , 4 ¥ *+Laboratory Director, Technological Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 4*#*Chemist-in-Charge, Branch of Reports, Seattle, Wash. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 712 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Food and Drug Administration and as interpreted by the various State agencies. The three main objectives in the work being reported here were therefore: I. To evaluate the heat process (180° F. for 30 minutes) specified in the inter- im regulations and to supply the technical information necessary to achieve that process. II. To determine whether smoked chub heat processed as specified would be an acceptable product. Ill. To evaluate some of the processing variables and raw-material variables in conjunction with the process specified by the new regulation. EVALUATION OF INTERIM REGULATION HEAT PROCESS In general, the smoking and processing practice of the industry is still an art, ratherthan a technologically controlled process. Most processors lack both the devices necessary to measure internal fish temperatures during smoking and the equipment necessary to control the smoking operation. Accordingly, data were needed for evaluating the feasibility of the process specified by the new regulation. As the study of experimental smoking progressed, it became apparent that the industry needed information on the following: 1. Smokehouse heat-input requirements. 2. Measurement of internal temperature of chub. 3. Temperature differential between internal fish temperature and smokehouse temperature. 4. Total process time. 5. Smokehouse-temperature uniformity. SMOKEHOUSE HEAT -INPUT REQUIREMENTS: Smokehouse heat-input requirements were Studied to determine the additional input of heat needed to raise the internal fish tem- perature to the regulation process temperature of 180° F. ina reasonable time (say, 2 to 3 hours). General Processing Procedure: In all the studies reported in this article, we employed essentially the same equipment, raw materials, and methods. The smokehouse used was a relatively simple, electrically heated smoker designed to smoke meat products in small Fig. 1 - Hanging brined chub onto sticks. Fig. 2 - Loading smokehouse. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 plants. Owing, however, to the high B.t.u. heating demand for smoking of fish to 180° F. (because of short-time process with high-moisture-evaporative load), it was necessary to quadruple the heat input by the addition of a gas burner. To obtain more uniform distribution of heat and smoke, we added baffling within the smoking cabinet, a blower to obtain forced circulation inside the smokehouses, and a second blower to feed the maximum amount of smoke from an external smoke generator into the smokehouse. A multipoint recording po- tentiometer permitted continuous recording of temperatures. At least 10 thermocouples were employed during each run, generally 4 in the smokehouse and 6 or more embedded in the fish. The material consisted of frozen eviscerated chub. In most instances, the chub were thawed and prepared for brining and smoking in accordance with industry practice, and smoking and heat processing were carried on simultaneously. The control of humidity was not practical at the experimental temperatures used. (Note: |Most ofthe industry smokehouses donot now employ humidity control.) Product load and heat input were the variables in these preliminary experiments. Findings: A large heat input far exceeding that generally available in Great Lakes com- merical smokehouses is required to bring the internal fish temperature to 180° F. in 2-3 hours. A comparison of figures 3 and 4 shows the effect of increasing the heat input by 4 to 5 times for a fixed product load. The rapid heating shown in figure 2 was necessary to ensure an acceptable yield and to avoid over- drying the product. In determining heating requirements, the processor must also take into account the product load. In figure 5, where the product load is approximately four times that in figure 4, the process is significantly lengthened. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: Tem- perature measurement was Studied to deter— mine the most reliable method for measuring the internal temperatures of chub during smoking. Fig. 3 - Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of Procedure: Initially, we measured in- chub. (Heatinput: 350 B.t.u./cu. ft. hr.; product load: 50 lbs.) ternal fish temperatures by a thermocouple F.) F.) {Stationary phase : : eo ig : a. TIME (hours) Fig. 4 - Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of Fig. 5 -Increase of internal product temperature during smoking of chub. (Heatinput: 1,600B.t.u./cu. ft. hr.; product load: 50 lbs.) chub. (Heat input: 1,300B.t.u./cu.ft. hr. ; product load: 220 lbs.) . 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 inserted along the axial length of the fish in its thickest part (midway between its outer and inner surface). Experience demonstrated, however, that we obtained more accurate temper- - atures by bending the thermocouple (90 de- grees) about one-half inch from its end (de- pending on the size of the fish), and inserting the thermocouple wire at right angles to the chub surface near the dorsal fin in the thick- est part of the fish, securing the thermocouple wire to the fish by wrapping a few turns of string or preferably thin wire around boththe fish and the thermocouple wire. Findings: Special "point-sensitive' tem- perature-measuring devices properly secured are necessary to give true internal fish tem- peratures, especially for small fish such as chub. The use of large temperature-sensitive bulbs give readings that differ markedly from PTH the true internal fish temperatures (possibly Fig. 6 - Securing thermocouple wire to chub. up to 50° F. or higher). DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN INTERNAL FISH TEMPERATURE AND SMOKEHOUSE TEMPERATURE: We conducted the following experiment to determine the temperature dif- ferential needed to obtain a rapid continuous rise of the internal chub temperature to 180° F. Rapid temperature rise is important both to speed production and prevent excessive drying of the product. Procedure: The temperature in the experimental smokehouse was raised generally to 240° to 250° F. in about 15 to 30 minutes, and the input of heat was then reduced to hold the temperature within that range. This method resulted in a steady and fairly rapid increase in the internal temperature of the fish. The fastest-heating fish (either because of size or loca- tion in the smokehouse) usually reached 180° F. in less than 1 hour, and the slowest, in about 13 hours, making the total run about 23 hours (predicated on holding the slowest-heating fish at 180° F. for 30 minutes). Because the smoke-generating equipment was inadequate, smoking usually was continued through the entire period of heating to obtain the maximum smoke flavor and desirable color. When the internal temperatures of the chub reached 180° F., smoke- house temperatures were slowly lowered to determine at what temperature differential the internal temperature of the fish begins to fall. Findings: This work brought out clearly that the temperature of the smokehouse differs greatly from the internal temperature of the chub (figs. 3, 4, 5, 7). Since fish is a rela- tively poor conductor of heat, a sufficiently large temperature differential must be main- tained in order to drive the heat into the cen- ter of the fish in a reasonable time. If chub are to be processed in less than 3 hours, an initial overall temperature differential of at CEES Ste least 70° to 100° F. (of smokehouse over cen- L ter of fish) is needed to attain the 180° F. ee Biba ser, process temperature as rapidly as possible. For maintaining the internal temperature of 180° F., the differential should not be less than 50° to 60° F. Blovest heating fish IL (Note: This overall temperature differ- me eam ential, however, gives only part of the picture. Fig. 7 - Increase in internal product temperature during smoking of < chub, (Heatinput: 1,600B.t.u./cu.ft.hr.; product load: 40 Ibs.) Figure 7, for example, presents the spread November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 in internal temperatures between the fastest- and slowest-heating chub for a given run, as well as the temperatures underneath the skin for the fastest heating chub. Here the differ- ence between the temperature at the center of the fish and the temperature underneath the skin represents the actual temperature differential driving heat toward the center. This tem- perature differential within the fish is substantially smaller than that between the smokehouse and the center of the fish, as is shown in figure 7. The temperature underneath the skin, in addition to being dependent on the smokehouse temperature, is also a function of the evapora- tion rate of moisture from the surface of the fish and therefore may vary greatly depending on such factors as air velocity and the moisture content of the air. Since this additional aspect complicates the picture, we have for simplification, considered the overall tempera- ture differential--of smokehouse over fish--in our discussions, rather than the more variable and more difficult-to-measure temperature differential within the fish. Thus, each commer- cial processor employing steam or water-vapor injection and forced-air circulation should check the minimum temperature differential necessary to efficiently attain the regulation temperature of 180° F. for his specific installation.) TOTAL PROCESS TIME: In the experiment on total process time, we studied the rate of loss of moisture and its effect on yield during a regulation process and also the effect on yield of air drying before and after processing. From the standpoint of cost and production, the total process time obviously should be as short as possible consistent with good quality and yield. Procedure: The same processing pro- cedure described under sections ''Smokehouse Heat-Input Requirements" and ''Differential Between Fish Temperature and Smokehouse Temperature" was followed. This general 2-hour preprocess air drying at 160° house procedure was combined with pre- and post- process drying of chub. Gir Preprocess air drying at 70° F. 2-hour processing at 240° F. (regulation process of 30 win. at 180° F. and over) Findings: Slow, prolonged processing as a result of inadequate heat input significantly f 14-houre postprocess air drying at 70° F. 19-hours postprocess air drying ) at 70° F 4-hours postprocess air drying at 70° F i 5 g | a e 2-hour processing at 240° F. ie u 10 20 ~ TIME OF DRYING AND PROCESSING (hours) x ‘Fig. 8 - Decrease in percentage yield during processing and pre- and post process drying of chub. Start, 30 min, at 180° F., regulation process End of process fo Perens MOISTURE IM SMOKED CHUB (percent) YIELD BASED OM BRIMED WEIGHT (percent) Fig. 9 - Decrease of percentage yield and moisture during regu- lation process and overprocessing of chub. Fig. 10 - Weighing chub for yield studies. . 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 reduced yield and undesirably dried the product. Predrying at low temperatures reduced final yield without accomplishing any useful purpose. For the required process temperature of 180° F., the optimum processing procedure would appear to be rapid heating with simul- taneous smoking instead of smoking separately as has been industry practice in past low- temperature smoking operations. For highest yield, the total time that the chub is exposed to heat should be kept ata minimum. Figure 8 demonstrates that the loss of moisture takes place continuously before, during, and after processing. To avoid loss in yield, the operator should package the smoked product immediately after it has been chilled to storage tempera - ture. Holding the chilled fish overnight before packaging may result in a 5- to 6-percent loss in yield. Figure 9 shows that the rates of loss in moisture and yield are fairly uniform throughout the regulation process. SMOKEHOUSE-TEMPERATURE UNIFORMITY: Adequate forced-air circulation and good baffling in the Smokehouse are essential in order to avoid undesirable hot and cold spots. Even-heat distribution is of concern to management from the standpoint both of processing regulations and of product uniformity and yield. Grading for size in order to provide a uniformly processed product accordingly merits consideration. PRODUCT ACCEPTABILITY In ascertaining the acceptability of the product, we were principally concerned about the effect of the current regulation thermal-process requirements in relation to the following three variables: 1. Heat processing and smoking before packaging. 2. Heat processing after smoking and packaging. 3. Simultaneous smoking and heat processing after packaging. HEAT PROCESSING AND SMOKING BEFORE PACKAGING: Since all states in the Great Lakes area interpreted the requirement of 1800 F. for 30 minutes to apply to heating and smoking chub before rather than after packaging, the next experiment evaluated smoked chub processed according to those regulations. Procedure: The same general procedure previously described was employed. Findings: Processing chub at 180° F. for 30 minutes before packaging is feasible (on the basis of resultant yield and quality), although this temperature probably cannot be attained at the center of the fish with the equipment cur- rently used in industry. Chub processed for an hour at center-of-fish temperatures of 180° to 200° F. were not excessively dry or over- cooked. Processing mixed sizes of fish may present a problem, however, for the smaller fish will be overprocessed and the yield thus reduced. The decrease of yield caused by loss of moisture during regulation processing and overprocessing of chub is shown in figure se HEAT PROCESSING AFTER SMOKING AND PACKAGING: To date the decision as to whether regulation heat processing (180° F. for 30 minutes) is to be carried out before or after smoking and packaging the product has not been agreed upon by all regulating agen- Fig. 11 - Quality evaluation of chub after smoking. cies. Since our earlier experiment dealt with November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW "7 the effect on quality of heat processing before packaging, the next experiment determined the effect on quality of regulation heat processing after packaging. We investigated the effect on quality of processing at higher temperatures--204° F., which presumably is adequate to de- stroy Clostridium botulinum Type E within about 10 minutes (a short-time -high-temperature pasteurization process, Slightly more effective than the 180° F. for 30-minute process); and 245° F., which is adequate to destroy Types E, A, and B within about the same time (a ster- ilization process). Procedure: Two separate sets of smoked samples in flexible film (vacuum) and in alu- minum foil were rapidly steam-retorted at retort temperatures of about 250° to 255° F., which were reduced as necessary to hold internal fish temperatures at about 204° F. or 245° F. for the time intervals required to achieve either the estimated partial or complete steril- ization. Findings: Sterilization after smoking adversely affected the smoked flavor, producing an inferior product. In partially steam-sterilizing individual smoked chub inside the package (in aluminum foil, and in ee film with vacuum) for about 10 minutes at an internal tem- perature of 204° F. (F, = .02,+/ which is estimated to be adequate to destroy Clostridium botulinum Type E), ie foundiaet only that the texture and smoked flavor changed Significantly, though not seriously, but that any rancidity initially present in the frozen chub stock was ac- centuated. When individual smoked chub were fully steam-sterilized inside the package for 11 to 12 minutes at about 245° F. internal temperature (F, = 6 plus, adequate to destroy Types E, A, and B Clostridia), the texture and smoked flavor were seriously affected. SIMULTANEOUS SMOKING AND HEAT PROCESSING AFTER PACKAGING: We simul- taneously conducted both the Smoking and heating process after the product had been packaged. Potentially, this type of processing--if practical--could eliminate the hazard of bacterial con- tamination of the product during the period between smoking and packaging. Procedure: In a cooperative processing experiment with industry, one group of chub, each enclosed in cellulose casings, was heat processed and smoked simultaneously. (The cellulose casing permitted the vapor phase of the smoke to penetrate the material and impart color, flavor, and odor to the product during heat processing. This technique thus theoretical- ly permitted the product to be smoked while in the package.) A second group of unpackaged chub similarly treated acted as controls. Findings: Only where the cellulose casing was in immediate contact with the fish did smoke, flavor, and color penetrate well. Upon removal, the casing tended to stick to the skin of the fish. Moisture collected in pockets formed by the casing, although fluid could be de- creased during processing by making a small opening at the bottom of the casing. Compari- sons between control and cellulose encased fish indicated that the latter retained more mois- ture and salt. This method could possibly be an answer to processing smoked fish at 180° F. for 30 minutes and protecting the product from bacterial recontamination after smoking provided that the quality and higher cost problems can be resolved. EVALUATION OF PROCESSING VARIABLES Several process variables subject to control by the processor were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality, and composition of smoked chub, all within the framework of the reg- ulation process (180° F. for 30 minutes). These included: 1. Raw material. 2. Brining. 3. Acid treatment. 1/F, serves as a commercial standard whereby the sterilizing effect of different processes may be compared under standardized conditions. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 RAW MATERIAL: We studied the effect of variability in initial quality, size, and com- position of the chub on the ultimate quality and yield of the smoked product prepared in ac- cordance with the regulation process. Procedure: Three lots of chub of significantly different initial freshness were regula- tion smoked. The first lot consisted of eviscerated chubs, mostly No“ 2 or medium, bulk- frozen in 50-pound blocks with an ice glaze. This lot was to have been typical of commer- cial frozen stock. Its quality, however, was highly variable, and much of it was very poor. The second lot, which was frozen unglazed in plastic bags holding about 40 pounds, again con- sisted of eviscerated chubs taken by a commercial vessel. These fish were more uniform in size and of somewhat better quality. The third lot. was caught by a U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries exploratory vessel and frozen in plastic bags in 5-pound lots. Some bags held mostly large fish (three to the pound), and others held small; all were superior in quality to the other two lots. The general processing was similar to that used in earlier experiments. Samples of the raw fish before and after brining and of fish after smoking, were analyzed for moisture, oil, and salt (chlorides). Findings: The raw and the smoked chub varied widely in both composition and quality. Even fish af uniform size varied in composition, but the large fish usually had relatively more oil. In general, size, quality, and the composition of the fish all affected the absorption of salt and the other changes in the product that occurred during smoking. The oil content of the smoked chub depended not only upon fish size (large fish were 2 to 3 percent higher in oil) but also on the extent of their drying during smoking. The percent- age increase in oil content caused by drying was partly counteracted, however, by loss of oil by drip. The oil content of all samples was usually in the range of 7 to 15 percent. Mois- ture content depended to some degree on the extent of brining, but mainly on the drying caused by the thermal process and by the pre- process and postprocess handling. As ex- pected, larger fish gave higher yields than smaller fish. This fact again emphasizes the importance of close grading for size before smoking. When the heat input was sufficient to en able the processing to be completed within LS hours, the yield of smoked product was 68 to 73 percent of the brined weight. Slow heating, overprocessing, or air drying, either before or after smoking, reduced the yield to about Fig. 12 - Oil-extraction apparatus. 55 to 65 percent. Chub of initially poor quality or those that subsequently became poor in quality while in frozen storage gave a less desirable smoked product and lower yields. Oxidative rancidity was clearly apparent immediately after smoking in the more poorly preserved frozen chub. BRINING: We studied the effect of various brining conditions on the ultimate quality and yield of the smoked product in relation to the regulation process. Procedure: Some lots of chub were brined overnight in 20° to 30° salinometer brine in accordance with industry practice. Other lots were placed in stronger brines (50° and 70° salinometer) for 1 or 2 hours. Another lot, involving 11 sublots, was brined in concentra- tions ranging from 0 to 100° salinometer (saturated). All lots were given the regulation process. Findings: On the basis of taste-panel tests, 2 to 3 percent salt in the smoked product appeared to be the acceptable range for most consumers. Smoked products in this salt range November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 100 3 tJ & BRINE STRENGTH (degrees salinometer)) w ° Fig. 13 - Taste-panel evaluation of chub for salt level and quality. ° 2 4 6 8 6 required a salt content of about 1 to 2 per- L NE Te aD ae EL iscsi nal Fig. 14 - Percentage change in thawed chub weight with increas- cent before being smoked. pprining chub over- ing strength of brining solution (18-hour brining time). night (16 to 18 hours) in 20° to 25° salinom - eter brine or for 2 hours in 40” to 50°” sali- S$ nometer brine usually resulted in a satisfac- tory level of salt in the smoked product. Fail In the test using 11 brine concentrations, the fish gained weight in all lots but the one involving saturated brine. As expected, the uptake of salt during brining depended large- ly on the concentration of brine and duration of brining. The maximum increase of 10 per- cent in chub weight occurred in brines of 25° and 30° salinometer (fig. 7). Figure 15 shows the percentage increase of salt content in brined and smoked chub with increasing aE ES = SSS SSS ini i ig. 15 - Increase in salt concentration in the brine smoke BLEen ete OE pees BOLUELOU: product with increasing strength of brining solution (18-hour brining time). | ACID TREATMENT: We studied the feasibility of increasing the acidity of the meat of smoked fish to a pH at least 4.0 by an acid pretreatment as a means of inhibiting Clostridium botulinum growth (Type E toxin has been demonstrated, however, in pickled herring of pH 4.0 to 4.2 at 23° C., Dolman, Chang, Kerr, and Shearer, 1950; and Dolman and Iida, 1963.) We recognized that the buffered nature of the fish tissues would present difficulty in lowering the pH of the product. To answer several requests from industry for such data, however, and to estimate the resulting effect on the quality of the product, we carried out experiments with several acids that are sometimes used in food products. Procedure: The following acid-brine treatments were tried: 10-percent acetic acid for 1 hour, 5-percent acetic acid for 18 hours, 2-percent phosphoric acid for 2 hours, 5-percent lactic acid for 16 hours, and 2-percent lactic acid for 16 hours. Controls were run with each set of acid-treated fish. Findings: When the acidity of the smoked fish product was increased significantly by em- ploying acetic, phosphoric, or lactic acids during the brining operation, the quality was im- paired. Texture and flavor acceptability decreased markedly as did also the yield. Increas- ing the acidity by decreasing the pH of the smoked product to 4.0 or lower therefore appears to be impractical. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 CONCLUSIONS I. Meeting the interim-regulation heat process (180° F. for 30 minutes) will require considerable modification of current commercial processing equipment and prac- tices. PX. B. Rapid heating is necessary to ensure good yield and to avoid excessive drying of product. Special point-sensitive temperature measuring devices (thermocouples) are necessary to give true internal temperatures for small fish such as chub. Large temperature-sensitive bulbs give false readings. If rapid heating of product is to be achieved (process time of less than 3 hours), an initial temperature differential (of smokehouse over fish) of at least 70° to 100° F. is needed. For optimum yield, the total process time (from presmoking through packaging) should be held to a minimum consistent with quality. The product therefore should be smoked, cooled, and packaged rapidly. Forced-air circulation and baffling in the smokehouse are essential in order to ensure uniformity of smokehouse temperature and thus mini- mize hot and cold spots. II. From the standpoint of yield and quality, smoked chub heat processed as specified by the various State regulatory agencies (180° F. for 30 minutes outside the package) is an acceptable product. Smoking of chub after packaging, or pasteurization or sterilization reprocessing of presmoked chub after packaging, however, yields an inferior product. III. Variables such as the oil content and size and quality of the raw fish affect the con- centration of brine and brining time needed. These process variables do not con- flict, however, with the regulation process as such--that is, each variable must be considered separately. AS B. C. Chub vary widely in size, composition, and quality. These variables all affect salt uptake during brining and product behavior during smoking. Two to 3 percent salt in the smoked product appears to be an acceptable range for most consumers. Decreasing the pH of smoked fish to 4.0 or lower appears to be imprac- tical from the standpoint of product quality. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS Although the current interim regulations adopted by State regulatory groups are feasible from the standpoint of quality and yield and probably will give greater protection to the prod- uct than before, the actual degree of microbiological safety for a product mishandled during distribution (for example, held at a storage temperature higher than recommended) is at present unknown. We anticipate that the Bureau's microbiological contract work will shed light on this aspect of the problem. Several different ways of attacking it are being tried simultaneously. Results of the Bureau's efforts in this field will be disseminated as rapidly as each phase of the work is completed. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 LITERATURE CITED DOLMAN, C.E.; H. CHANG, D, E. KERR; AND A. R. DOLMAN, C.E., AND H. IDA SHEARER 1963. Type E Botulism: Its Epidemiology, Prevention, and 1950. Fish-Borne and Type E Botulism: Two Cases Due to Specific Treatment. Canada Journal of Public Home-Pickled Herring. Canada Journal of Public Health, vol. 54, p. 29. Health, vol. 41, pp. 215-229. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE Copies of back issues of Commercial Fisheries Review for the years and months as indicated below are available upon request by writing to: Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 N. Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Va. 22209. Re- quests will be filled on a first-come first-served basis until the supply is exhausted. 1956 1957 1959 1960 1962 Jan. Jan. . Nov. June May Apr. Apr. Dec. July June Dec. Aug. . Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct, Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec: Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior-a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 AGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMERCIAL CALIFORNIA BLUEFIN TUNA CATCH IN 1963 By Peter A. Isaacson* ABSTRACT Over 30 million pounds of bluefin tuna were landed at California ports in 1963, making it the third largest season in 46 years. The fishery was dependent on fish of age groups I, II, and II which comprised 89 percent by weight and 97 percent by numbers of the catch. Age group II was the larg= est age group by weight comprising 43 percent of the total quantity. Good correlation was found between the means of age groups I, II, and II and length=frequency modes, strongly supporting the theory that checkmarks on scales are of annular origin. INTRODUCTION Between the years 1918 and 1963 the California commercial landings of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) have varied from about 0.5 million pounds in 1933 to over 31 million pounds in I During the past 10 years bluefin tuna has placed among the top 10 commer- cial species in ‘value and pounds landed. The past season, 30,400,087 pounds of bluefin tuna were landed at California ports, making 1963 the third largest season in 46 years. Annual bluefin age and growth parameters are necessary before population dynamics can be investigated. Due to the constantly increasing demand for fish as a source of food anda source of certain manufacturing Table 1 - Calculated Percentage of Fish Landed Both by Number and by Weight 4 for Age Groups 0 Through VI for the 1963 Season Year-Class Are Also Indicated anes ee auch the ape [| i {| u {| m {ow fv {wl iimitiess stocks of the oceans might be depleted by the contin- By Number. . . uous removal of its resources, the Percentage Catch dynamics of the population from By Weight .. i a a which our commercial fishery draws its catch must be under- stood before realistic manage- ment judgments are possible. To aid in determination of maximum sustainable yield of the eastern Pacific bluefin stock, data was collected from the 1963 commer- cial bluefin landings at Terminal Island, Calif., on both age and length frequency so that an esti- mation of the age composition of the catch could be made. = 2 < °o zx - ° e rs ° re z w °o « wi a Age Group LN ee eae hs MATERIAL AND METHODS The absolute age determina- tion of tuna is difficult and the re- MID-MONTH PERIODS sults obtained from some investi- Fig. 1 - Shift in the dominant age group by numbers from age group II to age SEO LS BS jp elects aIe The group I. scale technique as used by Bell on the albacore, Thunnus alalunga, (1962) and bluefin tuna (1963) was sufficiently encouraging to justify the use of his methods. *Marine Biologist, Marine Resources Operations, Department of Fish and Game, Menlo Park, Calif. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 713 November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Scale samples and length-frequency data were collected throughout the 1963 season. Length-frequency samples were collected randomly and consisted of 50 fish from each ves- selin port. At times, conditions arose when all vessels could not be sampled; however, a concerted effort was made to sample as many vessels as possible. The fish were measured, to the nearest centimeter, from the tip of the upper jaw to the fork of the tail. A sample of approximately 50 scales was obtained from every fifth fish in the length-frequency sample for use in age determinations. Scales were taken from either the caudal peduncle or froman area below the second dorsal fin. Bluefin scales are difficult to read and cleaning and staining the scales helped to distin- guish the checkmarks (Bell 1963). Eleven percent (132) of the 1,170 scale samples were un- readable due to oil impregnation, regeneration, or other imperfections. RESULTS Of the 1,038 scale samples read, only 24 were from age groups 0, IV, V, and VI. Over 89 percent of the weight of the fish caught in 1963 consisted of age groups I, II, and III, with Table 2 - Ages of 1,038 Bluefin Tuna Caught in the Commercial Fishery in the 1963 Season age group II contributing 43 per- cent of the quantity. Over 97 percent of the catch by number consisted of the same age groups with age group I the dominant age group (table 1.) Standard Error From mid-July through mid- };:ofMeam- «+++ | 0.89 September there was a shift in the dominant age group by num- bers from age group II to age group I (fig. 1). Ninety percent of the landings of age group I were made in those two months and contributed over 60 percent of the total catch by numbers. FREQUENCY IN NUMBERS The good correlation found between the means of age groups I, Il, and III and length-frequen- cy modes strongly support the theory that checkmarks on scales are of annular origin. Small samples sizes for age groups 0, IV, V, and VI gave inconclusive comparisons (table 2, fig. 2). = - : z we 4 SUMMARY FORK LENGTH IN CENTIMETERS The 30.4 million pounds of Fig. 2 - Age and length frequency relationship of sampled bluefin tuna. The fine line bluefin tuna landed in California represents the range; the long solid box, one standard deviation on either side of the made 1963 the third largest sea- mean; and the short box, one standard error of the mean on either side of the mean. son in 46 years. The fishery was dependant on fish of age groups I, II, and III which com- prised 89 percent by weight and 97 percent by numbers of the catch. Age group II was the largest age group by weight comprising 43 percent of the total quantity. A second movement of bluefin into our fishing area may be indicated by a shift in domi- nant year-classes by number in the later part of the fishery. Only 11 percent of the 1,170 scale samples collected were unreadable for various reasons and the good correlation between length-frequency modes and means of age groups I, II, and Ill strongly indicate that checkmarks on the scale are of annular origin. . 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 LITERATURE CITED BELL, ROBERT R. 1962. Age Determination of the Pacific Albacore of the 1963. Preliminary Age Determination of Bluefin Tuna California Coast. California Fish and Game, vol. Thunnus thynnus. California Fish and Game, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 39-47. 49, no. 4, p. 307. Pe S TODAY SMALL FISH USED TO MAKE LOW-COST MARINE OILS If the fish aren't biting it costs the paint and varnish industry more than usual to man- ufacture its products. : What's the connection? It's a boney fish too oily to eat, weighing less than a pound, measuring less than a foot--the menhaden, the principalsource in the United States of the marine oils used as drying agents in paints and varnishes. Marine oils mixed with raw linseed oil are used in exterior house paints. They're used also in barn and roof paints, rust-proof coatings, and undercoat paints. In varnish, bodied fish oil is combined with tung oil, a use that will probably increase because the cost of fish oil is well under that of tung oil. Marine oils, along with the fish meal that's produced at the same time, are used ona much smaller scale in livestock and poultry feeds and other products. While marine oils account for less than 3 percent of the United States output of fats and oils, they are low-cost competitors of such farm-derived products as soybean, linseed, castor, tung, and tall oils. Now that vitamins Aand Dare produced synthetically, another type of marine oil pop- ular 30 years ago--the medicinal oil such as cod-liver oil--has all but vanished. Last year menhaden accounted for 90 percent ofall marine oil produced in the United States. But the menhaden, whichmostly swim along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, weren't around to be netted by commercial fishing fieets in the usual numbers last year. As a result, marine oil production dropped sharply from ahigh of 266 million pounds in 1961 to 186 million pounds in 1963. Marine oilprices rose accordingly, from 4 cents a pound (Baltimore) in January 1963 to 8.5cents inApril1964. In August 1964 the price of menhaden oil had risen to 8.75-9.25 a pound, At 4 to 5 cents a pound, fish oil is one of the lowest-priced oils on world markets. While manufacturers like the quality finish the marine oils give paint and varnish, it's basically price that gives fish a competitive edge over soybean, linseed, and other drying oils, both at home and abroad. The United States is anet exporter of marine oils, sellingmenhaden and buying whale sperm oil which is used as a lubricant in fine precision instruments. This favorable export positionis relatively new. Up until 1950 we were a net import- er. (The Farm Index, U. S. Department of Agriculture, August 1964.) November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Alaska HANDLING AND PROCESSING ABOARD JAPANESE VESSELS OF ALASKA SALMON: _Two of the Japanese vessels in Prince William Sound, which processed fresh salmon purchased from Alaska fishermen this past summer, were visited in August 1964 by an observer from the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries. He was accompanied by the representative of a Japanese international combine who was serving as coordinator for the Japanese fishing firms involved in the salmon purchase. Processing aboard the Japanese factoryships was said to be similar in all cases. The Japanese vessels visited were the stern-ramp freezer trawlers Ibuki Maru and Daishin Maru No. 15. A descrip- tion of the processing aboard those vessels follows: Normally, Japanese workmen board the fishing boat and place the fish into a brail with a purse-string closure in the center. No salmon are accepted that are badly wa- termarked or that have been pewed through the body. Those men handle the fish with gloved hands. When the brail is loaded, it is lifted aboard the processing vessel, and the fish are released on an elevated sorting table. Here the salmon are inspected, seg- regated by species, and placed in a sheet- metal chute leading to the processing deck below. Processing aboard is very simple, with all salmon frozen in the round. The fish are thoroughly washed with soft brushes and salt-water sprays (no tanks or dips and no water used twice). Pink salmon are placed in stainless steel freezer pans with remov- able bottoms that hold about 10 kilograms (22 pounds). The pans hold 6 to 10 pink salm- on placed ina single layer side by side, head to tail to head. A similar freezer pan somewhat larger--perhaps 15 kilos (33 pounds)--is used for larger fish. Small chum salmon are hand-packed like the pink salmon. Larger chum salmon are placed on a sheet of plastic packaging materi- al, sprayed with an antioxidant, and frozen individually. After being packed, the fish are conveyed to the freezing compartment. The Japanese vessels are equipped with at least 12 hydrau- lically-operated pressure plate freezers each with a capacity of about 1 ton. In addition, they usually have a blast freezer to handle in- dividual fish and other nonuniform jobs. The freezing cycle is 4 to 6 hours depending on the load and other fish waiting to be processed. After they are frozen, the fish are con- veyed through a glazing machine where tem- perature is controlled to release the fishfrom the pans. The pans are removed, and the block is glazed in a second glazing machine before being packed in corrugated cartons for storage in the hold. Handling is assisted by conveyer systems or salt-water flumes, and there is a minimum of hand labor. According to information from Japanese sources, the pink salmon will be canned in Japan, and the chum salmon sold on the fresh market. The canned salmon will then be ex- ported, probably to the United Kingdom. No fish cutting was observed aboard the vessels visited. KOK OK O&K FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES OFF ALASKA: U.S.S.R.: Soviet trawling activity in the Gulf of Missi was gradually reduced through August 1964. By month's end about 30trawl- ers accompanied by various types of support vessels were operating alternately on Alba- tross and Portlock Banks off Kodiak Island. Soviet activity in the Gulf during 1964 has been considerably less than in 1963. It was believed this was due to expanding saury and herring fishing activities off the Siberian 16 Fig. 1 - Type of Soviet trawler operating in North Pacific and Bering Sea. coast and Sea of Okhotsk rather than to any lessening of fishing success in waters off Alaska. Soviet whaling activity shifted into the Bering Sea during August, with one fleet op- erating east of the Pribilof Islands, a second fleet fishing generally south and west of that island group, and a third hunting along the Aleutian Chain. It was believed that 1964 was the first year the Soviets have commer- cially exploited the whale resources of the eastern Bering Sea. Japan: Two Japanese king crab factory- ships, the Tokei Maru and Tainichi Maru, accompanied by 12 catcher vessels fished along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula from the vicinity of Unimak Pass to the Port Moller area during August. : 3 vi se Fig. 2 - Sorting and weighing crab meat prior to freezing aboard a Japanese king crab factoryship. One shrimp factoryship (Einin Maru) ac- companied by 12 trawlers continued to fish north of the Pribilof Islands group. Thesec- ond shrimp factoryship, the Chichibu Maru, was believed en route to resume fishing for shrimp in that same area after transferring the salmon purchased in Prince William Sound to the vessel Haruna Maruon the high seas. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Two Japanese fish meal factoryships ac- companied by an undetermined number of trawlers returned to the eastern Bering Sea after an absence of several weeks. It was believed they later shifted operations west to the Siberian coast (between Cape Navarin and Cape Oliutorskii) through most of August. ¥ ia Wee om Fig. 3 - Type of Japanese trawler operating in the Bering Sea. It was believed that Japanese whaling op- erations were terminated in August and that those fleets might be en route to Japan. Two small Japanese side trawlers and 4 stern trawlers were reported fishing for shrimp and Pacific ocean perch on Albatross Bank off Kodiak during August 1964. , Kok OK KOK KODIAK HAS EXCELLENT SALMON SEASON: | Kodiak Island had what appeared to be the best pink salmon year in recent history. The weekly closures on salmon fishing there this year (1964) have been primarily to give the rushed canneries an opportunity to keep pace. But a pessimistic note at Kodiak during Au- gust was the presence of large king crab ves- sels with no market for their catch. One shore plant was processing crabs on a part- time basis. Only two other processors were then operating--one at Port Wakefield and the other at Jap Bay. It was believed there would be at least five king crab plants in operation in Kodiak by late fall. Another plant was operating in Raspberry Straits, just a few minutes flying time from Kodiak. * KOK KX KODIAK PROCESSING PLANT VERY ACTIVE: A Kodiak cold-storage and processing plant (temporarily put out of commission by November 1964 the March 27 earthquake) was reported to have bounced back stronger than ever. This past August there were about 60 people work- ing in the Dungeness crab-processing section of the plant which was started about a year ago. The crabs being processed were large-- 3-5 pounds, and they were plentiful. The product is prepared inseveral different ways, ranging from picked meat put up in 5-pound cans to individual selected crabs which are ice-glazed and frozen whole after being dipped in a special formula of brine. Those whole crabs reach the market without being cleaned, but the bright red shells have been scrubbed to a polished sheen. In addition to Dungeness crab, a king crab-processing line has just been set up in another section of the Kodiak plant. That other section is operated by a different firm and employs about 35 people. On the main floor, salmon and halibut are cleaned and frozen during the season. Daily landings of halibut at the plant at the end of July were near 600,000 to 700,000 pounds. The cold-storage section of the plant em- ploys about 45 persons. KKK KX GOOD PROGRESS IN HERRING REDUCTION: Herring reduction plants at Big Port Wal- ter and Washington Bay were having a good production season this past summer. At Big Port Walter the pumping system of unloading fish is being replaced this year with a ''ma- rine leg'' bucket elevator, which was used a few years earlier. The reason for the re- version is to slow down unloading equipment and to decrease loss of oil. By the end of August 1964, 88,000 barrels of herring were processed at Big Port Walter, with the oil yield exceeding 5.5 gallons per barrel. KOK KOK OK AMPLE SUPPLIES FOR CRAB- PROCESSING PLANTS: As of August 1964 there were three shore - processing plants and two floating plants processing crabs in the Shumagin Islands and Alaska Peninsula areas. Crab catches in those areas were excellent and adequate to keep the plants operating ona full-time basis. KK OK KK CORDOVA DUNGENESS CRAB PRICES DROP: Dungeness crab fishermen in Cordova were faced with a drop in price from 14 cents COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 to 12 cents a pound for whole crab on August 15. The price decline was attributed to mar- ket demand. The only Dungeness crab packer on the Sound also said fishermen would be placed on a limit because the plant was unable to keep up with the catch. KOK OK OK OK FILING OF FISHERY DISASTER LOAN APPLICATIONS EXTENDED TO OCTOBER 31, 1964: Extension of the time for acceptance of fishery disaster loans to October 31, 1964, was announced by the Regional Director for the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in Alaska, on September 25. The Secretary of the Interior authorized the extension of the time for acceptance of fishery loan applica- tions to be handled as disaster loan applica- tions from September 30, 1964, to October 31, 1964. Disaster loans through the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries provide finan- cial assistance to fishermen who need to re- place or repair commercial fishing vessels or fishing gear that was lost, damaged, or destroyed during the March 27, 1964, earth- quake or subsequent tidal waves. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 13. S Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SHRIMP EXPLORATIONS OFF ALASKA: M/V “Paragon” Cruise 64-2 (June 16-Sep- tember 19, 1964): Exploratory fishing for shrimp and other shellfish (scallops) in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea was the princi- pal objective of this 13-week cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries char- tered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon. A total of 308 stations in the area of op- erations was covered during this cruise. Em- phasis was oriented toward completion of un- iform seasonal summer shrimp explorations for the northern portion of the Gulf of Alaska from Cape St. Elias westward to the Aleutian Islands. During three summer seasons, be- ginning in 1962, over 500 exploratory shrimp trawl drags were completed in that area by fishing vessels chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Secondary objec- tives of the Paragon's cruise included pre- liminary shrimp explorations in selected areas of the eastern Bering Sea and recon- 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW naissance for indications of scallops in wa- ters adjacent to Kodiak and the Alaska Penin- sula. The primary sampling gear used were 40- foot flat and semiballoon shrimp trawls and Set se — Fig. 1 - Chartered exploratory fishing vessel Paragon. BERING BRISTOL BAY Vol. 26, No. 11 an 8-foot New England style scallop dredge. To facilitate cruise organization and com- parative evaluation, the area fished during Paragon's Cruise 64-2 was divided into 5 geographic entities--Area D, consisting of the waters off the northern end of Kodiak Is- land and Marmot Bay; Area E, the southern portion of Shelikof Strait and waters adjacent to the Alaska Peninsula west to Sutwik Is- land; Area F, west of the preceding to Unimak Island (including the Shumagin Islands); Area G, Sanak Island west to Unalaska Island in- cluding Unimak Pass; and Area H, selected portions of the Bering Sea and Bristol Bay. The abundance of shrimp in the vicinity of the Shumagin Islands (Area F), indicated by earlier Bureau explorations in 1957, was positively substantiated during this cruise. The average catch rate for 82 thirty-minute trawl drags in that area was over 650 pounds. Individual catches of over 1,000 pounds of shrimp were common. Of particular note was the fact that those catches included significant quantities of the desirable side-stripe shrimp LEGEND: AREAS OF EXPLORATIONS: D SReeereeaRRNSA [as F RERUN G otetetetatetataraterete? Fig. 2 - Shows division into geographic areas of Paragon Cruise 64-2, June 16-September 19, 1964. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 Summary of Catch Data for Shrimp Taken on the M/V Paragon Alaska Exploratory Cruise 64-2 Shrimp Species arta Catch of eiaran Per Trawl ae Common Name Scientific Name Pink shrimp Side -stripe Pandalus borealis Pandalopsis dispar Humpy Pandalus goniurus Coon-stripe Pandalus hypsinotus MOtdl eke. evel euciis ol ele ona e_suetelleue (Pandalopsis dispar) which averaged in size about 26 whole shrimp to the pound. This Species was also well represented in Mar- mot Bay (Area D). ) In the overall survey, pink shrimp (Pan- dalus borealis) was the dominant species, | accounting for almost 70 percent of the total shrimp taken. Other species caught, but in relatively small quantities, included "humpy" (Pandalus goniurus) and coon-stripe (Panda- lus h us hypsinotus). Reconnaissance for scallops was carried out at locations where local knowledge of scallop (Patinopecten caurinus) occurrence had been indicated. Sixty-seven sampling drags were made with an 8-foot wide scallop dredge. From that total, 28 of the drags caught scallops in quantities ranging from 1 to 250 per 30-minute drag. The best catch was from near Marmot Island and consisted of about 250 six-inch scallops. Only six drags took more than one bushel of scallops. The results of those limited scallop explora- tions do not provide evidence of commercial concentrations in the areas sampled. In addition to data on shrimp and scallop abundance, records were kept throughout the cruise of other shellfish and fish caught. For example, data such as the size and number of halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) taken during trawl drags were recorded. One 30- minute shrimp trawl drag made in inner Bristol Bay yielded 252 juvenile halibut which indicates that location is included in an important nursery area. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 14. Alaska Fishery Investigations COPPER RIVER SOCKEYE SALMON SEROLOGICAL SAMPLING: The Branch of River BaSin Studies, U.S Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, in Western Alaska has completed its 1964 collec- tion of Copper River sockeye salmon blood samples for serological analysis at the Seattle Biological Laboratory. Samples were taken from 406 fish in the commercial fishery at the Copper River Delta and from 991 fish on the spawning ground of the upper and lower Copper River. An attempt was to be made this year(1964), on the basis of serological analysis, to sep- arate fish in the commercial fishery into races that have been already identified on the spawning grounds. Ok KK OK NAKNEK SYSTEM RED SALMON SMOLT OUTMIGRATION: An estimated 7.2 million red salmon smolt were reported to have left the Naknek Lake system in 1964. Thus, the 1964 outmigration was considerably smaller than the peak out- migration of 16.8 million estimated in 1962. About 69 percent of the 1964 migrants were 3-year-olds from the 1961 brood year, while the remainder of the smolts were 2-year-olds from the 1962 brood year. From1956to1961, 2-year-old smolt made up the largest part of the yearly outmigrations. However, since 1962, the outmigrants have mainly been 3-year- olds, with the 1964 smolt run having the greatest percentage of 3-year-olds onrecord. OK OK OK KARLUK LAKE SALMON ESCAPEMENT: Adult escapement of sockeye salmon to Karluk Lake through August 20, 1964, num- bered 225,512 fish or somewhat below the 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1961-63 average of 264,000 by that date. Al- so, 219 king salmon and 28,275 pink salmon had passed the weir up to that date. A sub- stantial pink salmon run appeared to be de- veloping at that time. ste ole ote oe oe CRAB TAGGING PROGRAM: Although bad weather hampered vessel operations during late August, more than 4,000 crabs were tagged. Tagged crabs were released in offshore areas on Albatross Bank, near Chirikof Islana, and west of Chirikof Gully near the Semidi Islands. Returns from those releases should give important infor- mation on the geographical boundaries of several stocks of crabs. 2K ok Ok ok OLSEN BAY PINK SALMON RUN, 1964: The early pink salmon run this past sea- son, which was smaller than in recent years, entered Olsen Creek by August 10, and the late run was beginning to enter the stream by August 20. Chum spawning (totaling about 5,000 fish) was virtually completed by the end of August. Prior to the Alaska earthquake this past March, 95 percent of chum spawning and 75 percent of pink spawning occurred in the Olsen Creek intertidal zone. This year only 25 percent of the chums utilized the inter- tidal area, and through August only 35 per- cent of the pinks. Chums spawned this year in the new intertidal zone between pres - ent tidal elevations of 7.5 and 10.5 feet. That elevated area corresponds with the pre- earthquake lower intertidal zone (elevation 2.5 to 5.5 feet), and was never before occu- pied by chum salmon. Pink salmon are also spawning in the 7.5- to 10.5-foot section; they have used that area before (when it was 2.5 to 5.5 feet), but only in years when spawners were much more abundant than this year. Mortality of eggs deposited in the pre- earthquake 2.5- to 5.5-foot zone was nearly 100 percent informer years. That high mortality was probably due to a high per- centage of fine material in the streambed, and to extreme changes of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen accompany- ing tidal cycles. Vol. 26, No. 11 Because of elevation of the spawning area by the earthquake, the lethal effects of tide on the pre-earthquake 2.5- to 5.5-foot zone have now largely been eliminated. The principal remaining limiting factor is excessive fine materials in the streambed gravels. There- fore, survival of eggs in the present 7.5- to 10.5-foot level will depend mainly on how rapidly salmon spawning and stream action will remove the fine materials to permit ad- equate intragravel water circulation. Assess- ment of survival in the fall of 1964 and again next spring by egg pumping will give the answers. we eh ha eas TRANSPLANTING LIVE PINK SALMON: At Kuiv Island this past August, from 3,000 to 4,000 live pink salmon were seined and placed in circulating sea water tanks aboard a fishing firm's tender. The fishwere caught in Bear Harbor, Affleck Canal, and arrived at Little Port Walter in good condi- tion after a 7-hour trip. They were released into a large floating pen in the bay and held for later release in Sashin Creek above the weir. Mortality during capture and transit was less than 5 percent. Observations of the distribution of the transplanted fish in Sashin Creek were to be made, and survival of their progeny will be measured in order to study this method as a transplanting tool. He ie 3S Ke OK STUDIES ON MIGRATIONS OF JUVENILE SALMON: The M/V Heron accompanied by the re- connaissance-catcher vessel Blue Boat com- pleted Early Sea Life of Salmon cruises 3 (July 27-August 5) and 4 (August 17-24) in major channels of Southeastern Alaska and on the outer coasts of Chichagof and Prince of Wales Islands. Those cruises were part of a series to trace seaward migrations of ju- venile salmon as they move through summer nursery areas to the Gulf of Alaska. The cruises were highly successful because ideal weather conditions prevailed for observations and fishing. Round haul seine catches from the Blue Boat ranged from several hundred to several thousand per set. November 1964 American Fisheries Advisory Committee FISHERIES PROBLEMS TO BE DISCUSSED AT 18TH ANNUAL MEETING: Testing and tasting of irradiated fishery products was to be one of the highlights of the 18th annual meeting of the American Fish- eries Advisory Committee scheduled to be held at Beverly, Mass., October 5-7, 1964, announced the Regional Director, North At- lantic Region, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, on October 1. During its 18th meeting, the Advisory Committee will review national and interna- tional problems confronting the United States commercial fishing industry and also review research and other programs of the Depart- ment of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Because of the Massachusetts meeting site, special attention will be given to fishery developments in the New England area. The American Fisheries Advisory Com- mittee, comprised of individuals actively en- gaged in the commercial fishing industry, advises the Secretary of the Interior on mat- ters pertaining to the commercial fishing in- dustry. It was formed in 1955 under pro- visions of the Saltonstall-Kennedy Act, which makes funds available to the Department of the Interior for research on domestically- produced fishery products and other pro- grams. Frank P. Briggs, Interior's Assist- ant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife is the permanent chairman of the committee. The committee meets once or twice a year depending on circumstances. Its last meeting (17th annual meeting) was at Hono- lulu, Hawaii, in January 1964. That meeting emphasized oceanographic research and other matters pertaining to the commercial fisheries of Hawaii and the Central Pacific. In addition to Assistant Secretary Briggs, other Department of the Interior representa- tives to attend the meeting included Thomas D. Rice, Special Assistant to the Commis- sioner for Fish and Wildlife, and Donald L. McKernan, Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 9. my COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 American Samoa AMERICAN SAMOAN-BASED TUNA FLEET DWINDLING: The number of tuna vessels operating out of American Samoa is progressively decreas- ing. In mid-August 1964, there were 35 tuna vessels working out of that base, compared with around 100 vessels in 1963 during peak periods. Of those 35 vessels, 22 are Japanese, 9 Korean, 3 Formosan, and 1 Okinawan. In September, the number of Samoan-based ves- sels was expected to be further reduced to a- round 30, due to additional withdrawals con- templated by Japanese vessel owners. The high cost of vessel operations is said to be one of the major problems for Japanese vessel owners operating out of American Samoa. Fuel, which they have to purchase through the United States packers located on Samoa, is said to cost 50 percent more than in Japan. Another problem troubling Japanese vessel owners is the increasing demand for better working conditions being made by crew members serving on vessels under 100 gross tons, which have poor accommodations. Those problems are compelling owners of vessels under 100 gross tons to withdraw op- erations from the Samoan base, and it appears that the base, which Japan originally developed to aid her small and medium tuna vessel own- ers, is being taken over by the Koreans and Formosans. The reduction of fleet operations in the South Pacific Ocean is said to have increased the catch rate. The catch rate for albacore is reported to have more than doubled, from 50-60 fish average per long line in 1963 to 120-130 fish in 1964. However, the fish are smaller this year, averaging 33 pounds as compared with 39.6-48.4 pounds in 1963. Jap- anese fishery circles are primarily attributing the higher catch rate attained this year to the absence of heavy fleet concentrations on the fishing grounds and not to the recovery of resources. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 23, 1964.) California SAN FRANCISCO BAY INVESTIGATIONS CONTINUED: M/V “Nautilus” Cruises 64-N3a-b-c-d-e S.F. Bay Study (February 19-21, 1964, March 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 14-18, April 21-24, May 16-20, June 16-20): To collect fish species and invertebrates rou- tinely at six stations to: (1) determine their distribution and relative abundance under prevailing environmental conditions, (2) de- fine ecological zones of San Francisco Bay, and (3) determine the food organisms of principal fish species and their availability were the objectives of this series of cruises by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. The six stations worked in the Bay study area (San Francisco Bay south of San Pablo Bay) had an average depth ranging from 20to 50 feet, with the location of each station as follows: (Station 1) - 7 mile south of Red- rock; (Station 2) - $ mile east of northeast corner of Treasure Island; (Station 3) - 7 mile west of northwest corner of Treasure Island; (Station 4) - } mile east of radar pylon at north end of San Bruno Shoal; (Sta- tion 5) - 3 mile north of No. 2 buoy at en- trance to Redwood City Harbor midway be- tween the centers of the San Mateo and Dum- barton bridges; and (Station 6) - 3 mile east of the Dumbarton railroad bridge. RICHMOND Legend: 0) - Collecting station. OOSIONVUA NVS --- - Bridge. ee! S MILES Shows collecting stations during San Francisco Bay study by the Nautilus. Vol. 26, No. 11 Operations during this cruise included catching surface fish with a midwater trawl 25 feet on a side. This net was towed routine- ly for 20 minutes, but in May and June most stations were also covered by a second 20- minute tow to check adequacy of the sample. Night tows were made at stations 1, 2, and 3. Replication of tows and night drags indicated the basic 20-minute unit was collecting ade- quate samples. On the February and March cruises, bot- tom collections were made with a 10-foot beam trawl dragged for 20 minutes, or with two 10-minute tows where debris became a problem. On the April, May, and June cruises, the bottom was sampled with a 15-foot wide otter trawl as it caught more fish per tow than the beam trawl, and picked up less trash. Plankton tows lasting 20 minutes with a 3- meter net were made at all stations and the material was preserved for later analysis. Several dozen shiner perch were collected during the April cruise for bioassays. Ten live white croakers were collected for fish- sound communication studies, and some fish were also collected for the Steinhart Aquarium at San Francisco. ~ Surface and bottom water temperatures and salinities were takenat stations 1 through 5 but at station 6, which was shallow, surface samples only were taken. During the first 6 months of 1964, 52 spe- cies of fish were taken bringing the total to 62 species for the San Francisco Bay study as of midsummer 1964. Five of the fish spe- cies were not taken during 1963. Those not taken were: bonehead sculpin (Artedius noto- spilotus) at stations 1 and 3; padded sculpin (Artedius fenestralis) at station 1; diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta quttulata) at stations 1, 2, 4, and 5; river lamprey (Lampetra fluvi- atilis) at station 5; and greenling sea trout (Hexagrammos decagrammus) at station 3. Surface water temperatures ranged from 11.1° to 18.6° C. (52.09 to 65.49 F.) as com= pared with 11.9°to21.19C.(53.4°to 70.09 F.) for the same period in 1963. Strong winds are the temperature-controlling factor most of the time. Salinities were higher at all stations in 1964 due to less rainfall. The range was from 23.3 to 31.9°/00 compared with 16.5 to 29.8°%00for the same period in 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 11; Dec- ember 1963 p. 20; September 1963 p. 15. ok KOK K November 1964 ABALONE OBSERVATIONS AND GROWTH STUDIES: these cruises by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessels Nautilus and Mollusk in the coastal areafrom Cambria to Pt. Estero were to: (1) delineate a study area for abalone; (2) sample red abalone randomly for numbers, sizes, sex ratios, and maturity; (3) make habitat and predation observations; and (4) tag abalone for growth studies. During this cruise, coordinates within the area of operations were plotted and charted by the vessel Nautilus using radar, depth finder, and visible reference points. Because of poor weather conditions, chart- ing was delayed and diving was so curtailed that underwater observations were made on only one day. Kelp appeared heavier than usual for the time of year. Considerable new shell growth at their margins was ob- served on abalone measuring 3to4 inches, but recent growth had occurred with all sizes sampled during the cruise. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p, 24, OK Kk OK ALBACORE TUNA MIGRATION STUDIES AND TAGGING: M/V "N.B. ruise 64-S-3-Al- bacore (May 25-June 23, 1964): The objec- tives of this cruise by the California Depart- ment of Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield were to: (1) intercept the albacore tuna migration and determine its route into the mainland fishing grounds; (2) collect physical and biological data which may be related to albacore occurrence; and (3) tag and release albacore. The area of operations was on the high seas off California and north- ern Baja California, out to 600 miles off- shore between the latitudes of Guadalupe Is- land and Monterey (latitudes 29°00! to 36°30! N. and to longitude 130900! W.). During this cruise, some 3,100 miles were scouted during daylight hours and sur- face trolling gear was used. A total of 57 albacore tuna were caught, with the first tak- en in 59.9° F. water on June 9, about 540 miles west of Pt. Buchon. Four more alba- core (average 11 pounds) were caught June 18 about 360 miles west of San Diego in 59° COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Legend: —>— - Vessel track. @ - Catch localities. eo ceahs Cruise (64-S-3-Albacore) of the research vessel N. B. Scofield to study migrations and collect biological data related to albacore tuna. to 60° F. water and the remainder (average 14 pounds) were taken June 20-22, about 20 to 30 miles south of San Juan Seamount. Stomachs from 52 of the specimens were either empty or contained such food items as Squid, sauries, and larval fish. Trematodes and copepods were collected from the stomachs and gill chambers. Most of the fish were 2 years old, although a 1-year old fish was tak- en along with 6 that were 3 years old. Sea temperatures were obtained at regular intervals by bucket thermometer, while the thermograph provided a continuous record. The temperatures ranged from 57.4° F. north- west of San Juan Seamount to 68.4° F. at the most southerly point of the cruise west of Guadalupe Island. A total of 78 bathythermograph (BT) casts to 450 feet were made at about 40-mile inter- vals; a water sample, for salinity determina- tion, and the temperature was obtained at 10 meters by a Nansen bottle cast at each BT station; and weather observations were re- corded every six hours. Eleven night-light stations were occupied on this cruise while the vessel drifted on sea anchor. Pacific sauries (Cololabis saira) ranging from 4 or 5 individuals to schools of several hundred were observed at every sta- tion. A juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), several species of Ianternfish (myctophids), and several kinds of larval fish were also taken. The more common inverte- brates collected included coelenterates, am- phipods, heteropods, tunicates, and salps. A . 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW total of 58 adult jack mackerel and four im- mature blue shark (Prionace glauca) were caught on hook and line. The most commonly sighted bird on this cruise was the black-footed albatross (Dio- medea nigripes). An osprey (Pandion hali- aetuS carolinensis) was seen on May 30 about 300 miles southwest of Point Sur, Calif. Other birds observed were Beal's Petrel (Qceanodroma leucorhoa), red-billed tropic bird (Phaethon aethereus), and the common tern (Sterno hirundo hirundo). Several por- poise schools were also observed, and Jap- anese glass floats were recovered in various areas. During the cruise, 5 albacore ranging from 62 to 71 centimeters (24.4 to 28.0 inches) were marked with FT-1 dart tags and re- leased. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 20. 2K aK OK OK PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 64-A04 Pelagic Fish (June 2-21, 1964): The purpose of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska in the coastal waters of southern California (including the offshore islands) from Gaviota to San Diego was to: (1) survey the pelagic environment off southern California; (2) assess the densi- ty, age and size composition of pelagic spe- cies; (3) collect northern anchovy aes mordax) samples for blood genetic and elec- trophoretic studies; and (4) take underwater pictures and make observations of the mid- water trawl in action. The midwater trawl, blanket net, and visual scouting were the tools used in this survey. A total of 35 trawl and 21 night- light stations were occupied and 73 miles of ocean were scouted at night between stations. The Precision Depth Recorder was used dur- ing each tow and was quite effective in lo- cating schools of fish and fish scattered near the surface. Photomoter readings, made at most sta- tions, varied from 0 to 99 with most of the readings in the 80's. The zero reading was caused by a heavy "'red tide bloom" in Santa Monica Bay. The only fish sighted during scouting were eight Pacific bonito(Sarda chiliensis) schools. Vol. 26, No. 11 Legend: X - Anchovy. ap 71 fo 72. Conception, , O - Jack mackerel. ZIT] / MM ala Santa Barbara @ - Station, San Miguel Island Pelagic fish population survey by the Alaska Cruise 64-AO4 (June 2-21, 1964), During most of the cruise there was very little phosphorescence in the water, a prerequisite to effective night scouting for fish schools. Anchovies were the most abundant fish species caught. Other fish taken, in their or- der of abundance, were: jack mackerel (Tra- churus symmetricus), Pacific hake (Merluc- cCius productus), queenfish (Seriphus politus), midshipman (Porichthys sp.), Pacific pom- pano (Palometa simillima), and small quan- tities of 19 other species. Invertebrates caught on this cruise includ- ed salps (Salpa tilesiicostata), squid, and euphausiids (Euphasia sp.). Salps were very abundant and complicated trawling by clogging net meshes. In Santa Monica Bay they were so abundant that further trawling operations there were cancelled. 2 A total of 18 tows was made after darkand 17 during daylight hours (normal working hours were from 1800 to 0200, sunset was about 2030 Pacific Daylight Time). All night tows were successful in catching some species of fish while only 10 of the daylight tows were successful. Only 9 of 21 night-light stations were successful. ANCHOVIES: Anchovies were found through- out the survey area with the exception of San November 1964 Clemente Island. In the Port Hueneme-Santa Barbara area, large schools were noted on the fathometer and anchovies were caught in all but 2 tows. In general, fish in that area, were not large (about 115 millimeters, or 4.5 inches standard length). The area from Los Angeles to San Diego did not contain any large schools (none were seen on the depth recorder or surface) but fish were scattered near the surface. Deep tows gave poor results while all surface tows were very successful. This same observa- tion was made in the fall of 1963 during a Similar pelagic fish cruise. Fish caught were larger than those in the more northerly por- tion of the survey area with many exceeding 130 millimeters (5.1 inches) and showing more advanced gonad development. Samples were taken for electrophoretic studies, primarily from areas not fished by the live-bait fleet. JACK MACKEREL: Most of the jack mackerel taken on this cruise were caught near the offshore islands by midwater trawl. Offshore samples were dominated by the 1963 year-class whereas inshore catches were all small young-of-the-year. Night tows took 95 percent of the catch. PACIFIC HAKE: Tows made around the offshore islands and between Oceanside and San Diego took 227 hake ranging in size from 54 to 470 millimeters (2.1 to 18.5 inches) standard length. The majority were small, young -of-the-year. One day of the cruise was spent with the Department of California Fish and Game divers making underwater observations of the midwater trawl in action. Several tows were made at various speeds and depths while the divers crawled about the net. It was noted that parts of the net were taut while other areas were slack. The divers! observations will be very valuable in rede- signing the research vessel's old nets and designing new ones. No underwater pictures were taken because of adverse water condi- tions. Several days of cruise time was lost on this trip because of poor weather and an engine breakdown. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 15; December 1963 p. 17. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-July 1964 A total of 1,586,934 base boxes of steel and aluminum was consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants in January- July 1964, a decrease of 10 percent from the 1,762,839 base boxes used during the same period in 1963. The decline is due partially to a drop in the canning of jack mackerel and Maine sardines. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Ton- nage figures for steel (tinplate) cans in 1964 are derived by use of the factor 23,5 base boxes per short ton of steel. (In the years 1962 and 1963, tonnage data were based on the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel.) The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations SWIMMING BEHAVIOR OF TUNA AND MACKEREL STUDIED: Tuna and mackerel never stop swimming in their openoceanenvironment. This contin- uous Swimming by those species is being studied in experimental tanks at the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu. Swimming is associ- ated in varying degrees with food-seeking, gill ventilation, and depth maintenance. In the absence of food stimuli, wavyback skipjack (Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye) which have been held in the Laboratory's shoreside tanks for a month usually swim at a uniform slow speed (0.75 meters per second or 2.4 feet per second for a 0.42-meter or 1.3-foot fork-length fish) throughout the day and night. If deprived of food for several days, their swimming speed decreases to 0.55 meters or 1.8 feet per second but increases aftera meal. Since other animals, suchas mice, be- come more active when deprived of food for several days, it appeers that the slow contin- uous speed of tuna is not controlled by the food drive. Further evidence of this is that tuna continue to swim at night although feed- ing is confined to the daylight hours. 26 When tuna are alerted to the presence of food they swim rapidly if they have not eaten recently. When food odor is introduced into the tank, wavyback skipjack which had not been fed for 2 to 5 hours increase their speed to 1.5 meters or 4.8 feet a second; those not fed for 15 hours or more increase their speed to 1.8 meters or 5.8 feet a second. At sea this behavior characteristic of tuna may increase the probability of their contacting food outside of visual range which they have sensed by chemical means. Tuna must swim continuously to ventilate their gills and to maintain their swimming depth. Their slow continuous swimming speed may be the slowest possible for ade- quate ventilation, the slowest possible to maintain depth, or it may be the slowest pos - sible for both. Wavyback skipjack tuna have no gas blad- der and are more dense than sea water (body density equals 1.08 grams per cubic centi- meter, sea water density equals 1.02 grams per cubic centimeter); therefore, a fish weighing 1,080 grams (about 38 ounces) in air, still weighs 60 grams (about 2 ounces) submerged in sea water. These fish avoid sinking by continuously swimming; when they swim forward, hydrodynamic lift is exerted against their pectoral fins which act as hydro- foils. The amount of hydrodynamic lift ex- erted varies with their swimming speed. At slow speeds, wavyback skipjack extend their pectoral fins more than 90 percent of the time. As they increase their speed, they re- tract their pectoral fins for longer periods apparently to maintain swimming depth. Con- tinuous extension at faster speeds would re- sult in the fish rising to the surface. At speeds greater than 1.2 meters per second or 3.8 feet a second they extend those fins only part way and rarely more than 20 percent of the time. The amount of gill ventilation obtained from a given speed is controlled in part by variations in the angle at which the mouth is held open and by the percent of time the mouth is completely closed. Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) observed at Marineland of the Pacific in Palos Verdes, Calif., closed their mouths up to 42 percent of the time at slow speeds and had their pectoral fins ex- tended almost continuously. It appears that even slower speeds than are required for hydrostatic lift would probably suffice for gill ventilation of tuna. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Studies are in progress at the Bureau's Kewalo Basin Laboratory in Honolulu, to learn more about the interaction between the gill ventilation and hydrostatic functions of continuous swimming in tuna and to determine how these functional components affect their behavior and activity. KOK OK OK OK SKIPJACK TUNA BLOOD-TYPING STUDIES EXPANDED: The following summary of skipjack tuna blood-typing studies through July 1964 was issued by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii: As a result of blood-typing studies in pre- vious years, it is known that the skipjack tuna population distribution in the central Pacific can be broken down into a number of isolated breeding subpopulations, and that at least two different subpopulations of skipjack have ap- peared in Hawaiian waters. Those populations have been tentatively designated as Popula- tions I and II. To understand monthly features of the a- vailability off Hawaii of the subpopulations, intensive observations have been made since mid-1963 by using blood samples taken at local fish markets or the cannery. The re- sults show that Population I appeared inter- mittently during October 1963 and then in 1964 during the months of February, March, May, and June, while Population II was usually dominant from November through April. The alternative appearance of two populations was assumed to be possibly associated with changes of oceanographic environments in Hawaiian waters. To attempt to clarify that assumption, a series of cruises by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries research vessel Charles H. Gilbert has been carried out since June 1964. The missions included the collection, of blood samples from each skipjack school. encountered, and oceanographic observations such as salinity, surface-water temperatures, and bathythermographic data. Although the results of the preliminary observations are encouraging, definite results can not be de- termined until the present investigation is completed. Basic studies have been emphasized in order to improve large-scale investigations. November 1964 Such work includes the development of po- tential reagents for typing and finding new blood factors as well as determining their genetics. At present, 32 individual differ- ences have been recognized as a combination of the 3 independent blood group systems. Expanded knowledge of those hereditary char- acteristics will be valuable in solving future problems. ok ok ok ok TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRA PHIC STUDIES CONTINUED: ownsend Cromwel ruise 6 (July 13-August I, 1964): This was the sixth ina series of oceanographic cruises to determine rates of change in the distribution of proper- ties in the trade wind zone of the central North Pacific. The research vessel Town- send Cromwell of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, operated in the central North Pacific bounded by latitudes 10° N., 27° N. and longitudes 148° W., 158° W. during this cruise, which was completed August 1, 1964. A total of 42 oceanographic stations were occupied along the cruise track and temper- atures and samples for salinity analysis were obtained at each station at 20 depths to 1,500 meters. Deep casts to 4,000 and 5,000 me- ters had to be canceled because of a defect in the hydrowire. The most noticeable change in the flow pattern during July was the relaxation of the currents in the area between 13° and 16° N. latitude, where a large counterclockwise eddy had been detected during the vessel's previous cruise (June 15-July 5, 1964). This relaxation appeared to be compensated for by an intensification of the North Equatorial Current south of 13° N. latitude. Surface temperatures during this cruise showed a continuing trend of warming as in- dicated by the retreat of the 24° isotherm to the extreme northeast sector of the cruise area and by the appearance of the 27° iso- therm in the southern section. Field plots of the oxygen distribution showed a pattern Similar to the known oxygen distribution of the cruise region. During the cruise, 49 feeding bird flocks were sighted, 4 of which were associated with skipjack tuna. Those flocks were more wide- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Legend: O- Hycropraniie station, ~ BT station, ~ Plankton station. @- Number of feeding bird flocks sighted. Track chart of the research vessel] Townsend Cromwell Cruise 6 (July 13-August 1, 1964), showing depth contours of the 20° C, isotherm in meters, ly scattered throughout the cruise area than were the 28 sightings of the previous cruise. The standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was maintained during daylight hours. Vessel operations on this cruise included: (1) Bathythermograms (BT) at 20-mile and at 10-mile intervals; (2) surface bucket temper- atures and water samples for salinity analysis at each bathythermograph observation; (3) dissolved oxygen determinations for each wa- ter sample; (4) release of ten plastic enclosed drift cards at 30-mile intervals along the en- tire cruise track; (5) standard marine weather observations; (6) radiation measurements from the Sun and sky; (7) colored photographs of cloud formations; (8) surface plankton tows, for a period of one-half hour, using a 1-meter net at 2000 daily; (9) collection and preserva- . 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tion of flyingfish that stranded themselves aboard ship; (10) ranging tests for implosion devices at stations 7, 7A, and 16, and be- tween stations 37 to 42, in cooperation with the Pacific Missile Range. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 22; September 1964 p. 15; August 1964 p. 17. Export Opportunity NEW SAMPLE DISPLAY SERVICE OFFERS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY: o help United States firms establish agents and distributors in selected foreign markets, the U.S. Department of Commerce is Sponsoring a Sample Display Service. The new service, administered by the Bureau of International Commerce, will permit United States businessmen to display their goods and sales information in showrooms at se- lected U.S. Foreign Service posts. The first displays will be at the U.S. Embassies in Beirut (Lebanon) and Manila (Philippines); the office of the U.S. Commercial Attache in Nairobi (Kenya); and the U.S. Trade Center in Bangkok (Thailand). Canned sardines is one of the items specifically recommended for display in Manila. Manufacturers seeking to display goods under the new service may apply directly to the Bureau of International Commerce or to any U.S. Department of Commerce field of- fice. After processing applications, the Bu- reau of International Commerce will send shipping instructions directly to the manu- facturers. Manufacturers taking advantage of the new service will supply merchandise samples and pay the cost of one-way freight from plant to foreign port of entry. The U.S. De- partment of Commerce will provide the for- eign display facilities, the agent-finding serv - ice, customs and storage services abroad, and if necessary, take care of the return freight service. The displays will be geared to smaller products, but large, heavy prod- ucts may be put on exhibit through the use of cutaways, models, films, or slides. Samples and literature will be displayed for 30 days. Sample displays will be under the management of the U.S. Commercial Attache in each city. Sample display staffs will mount the exhibits, campaign to attract Vol. 26, No. 11 agents and distributors to the showrooms, demonstrate products, prepare summary re- ports for exhibitors, recommend the most qualified of the foreign representatives who express interest in a product, and supply a business report on each of those representa- tives. Exhibitors will then negotiate directly with the representatives they select. (Inter- national Commerce, September 7, 1964, U.S. Department of Commerce.) Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY-AUGUST 1964: Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, less fresh and frozen fishery products were purchased in August 1964 than in the previous month. The decline was 10.8 per- cent in quantity and2.4 percent invalue. Com- pared with the same month in the previous year, purchases in August 1964 were down 4.5 percent in quantity and 3.4 percent in value. able 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, August 1964 with Comparisons Total purchases in the first 8 months of 1964 were up 10.1 percent in quantity and4.5 percent in value from those in the same peri- od of the previous year. In January-August 1964 there were larger purchases of shrimp and scallops, but noticeably lower purchases of cod fillets, ocean perch fillets, and sword- fish steaks (see table 2). Canned: In the first 8 months of 1964, total purchases of the 3 principal canned fish- ery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) were up 71.4 percent in quantity and 74.5 per- cent in value from those in the same period of 1963. The increase was due to larger pur- chases of tuna and salmon. The gain was partly offset by smaller purchases of canned sardines (see table 3). Freeze-Dried: Fishery purchases for the Armed Forces in August 1964 included 32,564 pounds of freeze-dried groundfish (cod or November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Table 2 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, August 1964 with Comparisons Product Shrim p: Raw headless... . Peeled and deveined Becaded ore: nnareie rs Molded and breaded oF Sara Te © «© ee ee ee eeee IPACHIC ile cue 0. cinia © ci ls\lse August So en a [Quantity [Cot | Quantity [ Com _| | _Jamuary-August_— [ise T1968 Cents/Pound « (Pounds). .... 03,090 45,952 557,582 19, 464 191, 936 65, 416 eae a 35, 789 eerie 749, 518 Fillets: Cod se cece Flounder .... Ocean perch .. Haddock... « JA. nin Salmon... ecccceccccce Swordfish . «eee ec c cece ec 1/Breakdown not available. 113,005 19, 300 1, 150 Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence a Centers, August 1964 with Comparisons 2/Less than $500. haddock) with an average value of $5.40 per pound, and 2,239 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp with an average value of $10.46 per pound. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not obtainable. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 p. 23. Foreign Fishery Reporting UNITED STATES FISHERY ATTACHE PROGRAM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: he United States Fishery Attache Pro- gram has been developed by the Departments of State and Interior to meet the growing re- sponsibilities and interests of the United States Government and domestic fishing in- dustry in foreign fisheries. To date, four 124, 844 14, 406 3,020 937,021 128, 587 33.7 | 39.0 61,2 52.8 fishery attache posts have been established in foreign countries as follows: Mexico City, Mexico: Regional fisheries officer for Latin America has direct responsi- bility for fishery reporting from Mexico and regional responsibilities for 18 other coun- tries. The post was established by the De-- partment of State in 1957 and was filled by Milton J. Lindner; since January 1964, Richard S. Croker has been the Fishery Attache. Tokyo, Japan: This is a one-country post, established by the Department of State in 1958. The first incumbent was Wilvan G. Van Campen; present incumbent is Arnie J. Suo- mela, who took up his duties as Fishery At- tache in April 1961. Copenhagen, Denmark: Fishery attache for Europe has direct responsibility for fish- ery reporting from Denmark and regional re- sponsibilities for all other European coun- tries, including the U.S.S.R. The post was established by the Department of State in1961, and Andrew W. Anderson was selected as the first incumbent. In August 1964, an Assistant Fishery Attache, Salvatore DiPalma, was ap- pointed as a result of the increased workload and travel requirements of that post. Abidjan, Ivory Coast: The regional fish- eries post for West and South Africa was es- . 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERi“S REVIEW tablished in 1963; the position was filled in January 1964 by George B. Gross. Freezing USE OF LIQUID NITROGEN TO FREEZE FISH STUDIED: The relatively new technique of using liq- uid nitrogen to freeze fishery products offers considerable promise to the fishing industry in improving process procedures as well as quality of the product. This is particularly true in the production of individually quick- frozen items, where throughput will be great- ly increased; weight losses (which run as high as 10 percent in blast freezers) will be eliminated; and color, flavor, and texture may be better maintained than when conven- tional freezing methods are used. But there are several technological prob- lems connected with liquid nitrogen freezing that may cause difficulty if the process is adopted without sufficient research. Chief among those problems is that too rapid cool- ing will cause the product to crack or even to shatter. Generally the damage is very obvious, but occasionally it may not show up until the product is subjected to further proc- essing such as freeze-drying. As part of the project on the Investigation of New Refrigeration Techniques conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass., tests were made to delineate precisely the parameters involved in liquid nitrogen freez - ing of various fishery products. In prelim- inary tests with haddock fillets it was found that no damage occurs when nominal freez- ing rates of 2.0 to 7.0 centimeters per hour are used. With conventional equipment a nominal freezing rate above 0.5 centimeters per hour is considered to be good commer- cial practice. Fur Seals PRIBILOF ISLANDS FUR SEAL SKIN HARVEST, 1964: During the 1964 sealing season, the har- vest of fur seal skins by the Pribilof Islands staff of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- Vol. 26, No. 11 eries amounted to 64,209 skins. Of that total, 48,602 skins were harvested on St. Paul Is- land and 15,607 skins on St. Georges Island. Removal of blubber is an early step in processing seal skins. Trained workers are shown performing this preliminary step in skin processing on St. Paul Island. The fur seal skin harvest in 1964 was be- low the 1963 harvest by 21,045 skins. In1963, a total of 85,254 skins was harvested as com- pared with 77,915 skins in 1962. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 28. ~Ahodacivn™ Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development STUDIES ON TRAWLING OF COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN LAKE SUPERIOR CONTINUED: M/V ruise ugust 7-22, 1964): Investigating possible ways to improve meth- ods for catching and handling Lake Superior commercial fish species was the principal objective of this 16-day cruise in Lake Supe- rior from Whitefish Bay to the Keweenaw Peninsula. This was the second of three scheduled cruises for that purpose by theU.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Kaho. Although primary consideration was given to determining the seasonal availability of the various species of fish to bottom trawls and locating additional areas suitable for trawling, other activities of the cruise were concerned November 1964 ‘YY Huron Bay nie Bay 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Legend: Trawl Drag Snag Encountered —K+ i Night Light Station ~(< 1 ——» Station Number Munising Fig. 1 - Shows area of operations (Munising to Keweenaw Peninsula) during Kaho Cruise 20, August 7-22, 1964. with (1) attempts to attract fish with sub- mersible lights, (2) collecting length-fre- quency data on chub, herring, and alewife, (3) obtaining samples of fish for botulism studies, and (4) collecting water samples for limnological investigations. Good to excellent catches of chub were taken east of the Keweenaw Peninsula near Bete Grise Bay and in Keweenaw Bay, and fair catches of smelt were taken in Kewee- naw Bay and Huron Bay. Catches of cisco (lake herring) were insiginficant with the best catch (35 pounds) recorded from Huron Bay. Only two significant catches of common whitefish were taken during the cruise. Dense concentrations of fish were locatedinseveral areas monitored during Kaho Cruise 18(May 25-June 10, 1964). Direction of tow greatly influenced the catch on several drags indi- cating direction of water current to be acon- tributing factor in trawl catch rates. Attempts to attract fish to a special 500- watt white light lamp near the surface were unsuccessful. Additional trawlable grounds in deeper than 60 fathoms were located north of Granite Island and south of Manitou Island using a high-resolution, white-line-type echo-sounder. A total of 56 drags was made during the cruise with a 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mex- ico-type fish trawl. Of the total, 42 were completed from Munising west to the Kewee- naw Peninsula and 12 in and near Whitefish Bay. All drags lasted 30 minutes except 8 which were terminated early when the net either became fouled on bottom obstructions . 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW LEGEND: TRAWL DRAG SNAG STATUTE MILES “eer Vol. 26, No. 11 cS) F WHITEFISH BAY 4 le~ Fig. 2 - Shows area of operations (Whitefish Bay) during Kaho Cruise 20, August 7-22, 1964. eR SSAA Na N Fig. 3 - Recording from a high-resolution echo-sounder showing or because of the presence of gill nets in the area, and one drag which was extended to 60 minutes to study the production rates of long- erdrags. Severe damage to the trawl occurred during 2 encounters with snags. Stumps, logs, branches, and rocks were picked up in 7 drags resulting in only minor damage to the trawl on 4 such occasions and no damage in the re- maining 3 encounters. Commercially significant catches of chub (over 200 pounds per 30-minute drag) were taken off the east shore of Keweenaw Penin- sula, Keweenaw Bay, and Huron Bay in 35-45, 30-40, and 11-15 fathoms, respectively. The best catch of chub (1,210 pounds) was in 40 fathoms in Keweenaw Bay. The catch con- sisted of about 70 percent (by weight) or 850 pounds of chub over 9 inches long. Most catches of smelt (ranging up to 240 pounds) occurred in the 8- to 16-fathom depth range and were composed chiefly of 36 count (num- ber per pound) fish. One 45-pound catch of smelt from 25 fathoms in Keweenaw Bay was largely of 16-count fish. Only small quantities of cisco (lake herring) were caught throughout the areas fished. Af- ter-dark experiments with a light in areas November 1964 where commercial gill-net fishermen were catching herring proved unsuccessful in at- tracting fish to the surface. Catches of lake trout occurred at an av- erage rate of 10 fish per drag for the entire cruise. Most of the fish were under 9 inches long and only 3 were native (not planted) fish. Special efforts were made to return the fish to the water in good condition. Recovery live tanks were used aboard the vessel to allow the fish to regain their equilibrium before being released. A hypodermic needle was also used successfully to ''deflate'' bloated fish. It was estimated that over 90 percent of the trout collected were returned to the water in good enough condition to survive. During the last phase of the cruise, 14 of 15 established stations in Whitefish Bay and surrounding area were monitored. Catches were generally insignificant with the best catch being 120 pounds of chub taken in 35- 40 fathoms north of Whitefish Point. On this cruise, bacteriologists from the University of Wisconsin accompanied the Kaho to collect various species of fish and bottom material for botulism investigations. A biologist from the Bureau's Ann Arbor Biological Laboratory also accompanied the vessel to record length-frequency data on alewife, chubs, and cisco. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 20; August 1964 p. 25. KOK OK KX SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE, CHUB, AND YELLOW PERCH IN LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED: M/V “Kaho” Cruise 21: To extend knowl- edge of the seasonal di: aeatribubicns and abun- dance of alewife, chub, and yellow perch in Lake Michigan and their availability to bot- tom trawls was the primary purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing and gear re- search vessel Kaho. The cruise announce- ment on August 18, 1964, indicated the vessel would conduct trawl explorations in northern Lake Michigan and Green Bay (August 25- September 3, 1964) and in lower and central Lake Michigan (September 9-18, 1964). The cruise plan called for: (1) echo-sounding with high-resolution equipment to record bottom and off-bottom fish concentrations; and (2) trawling with a 52-foot trawl at stand- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 ard stations (30-minute tows at 5-fathom in- tervals from 5 to 50 fathoms) to assess the seasonal commercial salt a ae potential. Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LAKE ERIE YELLOW PERCH LANDINGS DOWN SHARPLY IN 1964: Commercial landings of yellow perch at Lake Erie by United States and Canadian fish- ermen dropped sharply in 1964. The yellow perch catch for the first 6 months in 1964 was less than one-third that for the same period in 1963. On that basis, it is estimated that landings of that species for all of 1964 will amount to less than 10 million pounds --the lowest since 1955. Annual landings of yellow perch from Lake Erie have averaged only about 7 million pounds for the past 50 years. Until the 1950's, the yellow perch was considered secondary to. such "money" species as whitefish, blue pike, and yellow pike (walleye). It is only since the disappearance or sharp decline of those higher value species in re- cent years that producers have come to de- pend upon the yellow perch to keep them in business. The yellow perch fishery (United States and Canada) reached an all-time high produc- tion level in 1956-63, averaging well over 20 million pounds a year. Why then, the sudden drop in landings in 1964? Two factors are believed principally responsible --fluctuations in year-class strength (i.e., numbers of fish that hatch and survive in a given year) anda pronounced slowing of growth rate in recent years. Relatively strong year- classes of yellow perch were produced in the mid-1950's topped by an exceptionally good hatch in 1959. Landings from those combined year-classes brought landings to the record highs that were sustained through 1963. But during the, more recent of those high production years, the hatches of yellow perch were not always good. The 1960 year-class, for example, is known to have been very weak. That poor . 34 year-class is the one upon which the fishery must depend for the bulk of its catch in 1964. Concurrent with the large populations that permitted high production in 1956-63 has come a Slowing of the growth rate. As late as 1956, many of the yellow perch landed in Lake Erie's western basin were fish that had required only three growing seasons to reach a length of 83 inches (then the legal minimum length in Ohio). By 1959, yellow perch re- quired four growing seasons to attain the same Size. By 1964, at least four years were required for most perch to grow to the short- er legal length of 8.0 inches (the minimum legal length in Ohio since May 1, 1964). The declining growth rate in 1959-64 is illustrated in the table of average lengths of perch taken in trawls at the endof each growing season in those years. The decline maybe anatural con- sequence of increased competition for space and food--although from what is known most small forage fishes were maintaining them- selves in large numbers in 1959-64. (Justas perch grew faster when the population was less dense, the relatively scarce yellow pike or walleye are now growing far more rapidly than during the years when they were abundant). The 1961 year-class of yellow perch was only fair, but the hatch in 1962 was unusually large--the largest on record. If the growth rate of those two year-classes hadbeen sim- ilar to that of fish living in the lake in the mid-1950's, both would by now have entered the commercial fishery. Actually, only the largest individuals of the 1961 year-class were taken during the spring of 1964. The 1962 year-class had not entered the commer- cial fishery by midsummer, although large numbers--nearly all less than 8 inches long-- were being taken by anglers. It is unlikely that this year-class will be represented in significant numbers during the balance of 1964, in spite of the reduced size limit of Ohio. (The change in regulation has, never- theless, benefited the fishermen to some ex- Average Total Length of Yellow Perch Taken in Trawls in Western Lake Erie at the End of the Growing Season, 1959-64 Seasons of Year-Class Growth Completed| 1959 | 1960] 1961[ 1962] 1963[ 1964 1/916 ¥ 3 E 6 = = 1/Estimated length at end of growing season based on length -fre- quency data collected in August 1964. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 tent. About 20 percent of the legal-size perch now being landed in Ohio are less than 83 inches long. Many of those smaller fish are of the 1961 year-class.) Earlier predictions that the 1962 hatch of yellow perch would begin to enter the fishery by the fall of 1964 will not be realized because of the slower growth rate. Furthermore, ex- perimental trawling during the past year has indicated a heavier natural mortality of perch of that extremely large year-class than was anticipated (undoubtedly due in part to exten- sive ''die-offs'' in the western and central basin during the past two summers). The out- look therefore is not as encouraging as it apr peared to be earlier, even though large num- bers of the 1962 year-class are still present. Barring catastrophies such as additional severe ''die-offs,'' the yellow perch catch should pick up again in 1965 and improve fur- ther in 1966 when the presumed still-strong 1962 year-class is expected to be completely available to the fishery. Se Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus III” Cruise GUS-20 (August 21- September I, 1964): Shrimp distribution studies in the Gulf of Mexico were continued during this cruise by the chartered research vessel Gus III of the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galves- ton, Tex. Eight statistical areas were covered and standard 3-hour tows with a 45-foot Gulf shrimp trawl were made. During this cruise, 34 tows with a 45-foot flat traw, 63 plankton tows, 59 bathythermo- graph, and 41 Nansen bottle samples were taken. Also, 162 drift bottles were cast at27 stations, and one 24-hour current meter sta- tion was occupied. Catches were generally spotty and were only fairly productive in three of the areas worked where catches of brown shrimp ranged from 32 to 59 pounds. Area 16 yielded a good catch (48 pounds) of 15-20 count brownshrimp from the over 20-fathom depth range. The other two depth ranges in that area yielded only a scattering of white and pink shrimp. The largest catch of brown shrimp of the cruise was from area 20--a total of 59 pounds November 1964 pounds (mostly 25-30 count) from all three depth ranges. That area also yielded 5 pounds of 15-20 count pink shrimp from the 0-10 fathom depth. Area 18 accounted for a total of 43 pounds with the largest catch (27 pounds of mostly brown 21-25 count shrimp) from the 10-20 fathom depth. A 14-pound catch from the 0-10 fathom depth range of that area was made up of 8 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp and 6 pounds of small brown shrimp (68 count). A total of 21 pounds of white 21-25 count shrimp was taken from 0-10 fathoms in area 17, together with 3 pounds of small brown shrimp. Shrimp catches were small in the three depth ranges of the other areas worked during this cruise. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission ANNUAL MEETING IN BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS: The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission was held in Brownsville, Tex., October 15-16, 1964. The opening general session on Octo- ber 15 included an address by the Commis - sioner, 8th U.S. Coast Guard District, and an address by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Chief Adviser on Oceanograph- ic Research. At the general session on October 16, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department gave a progress report on Texas blue crab studies. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries presented a film on shrimp explorations in the southwest Caribbean, and gave a progress report on the Commercial Fisheries Re- search and Development Act (P. L. 88-309). emt s Industrial Fishery Products U. S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production by Areas, August 1964: Pre- liminary data on U. S. production of fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 oil, and solubles for August 1964 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. U.S. Productio: of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles by Areas, August 1964 (Preliminary) with Comparisons 1,000 Area 5 \ 2S Grater. August 1964: Fast & Gulf (Coasise «se West Coast2/ . Jan. -Aug. 1964 Total. ates an.-Aug. 150 Total ... » | 170,779 133,924] 67,458 7, 134 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. 3/Includes condensed fish. Kok KK OK Production, July 1964: During July 1964, a total of 41,663 tons of fish meal and scrapand 31.8 million pounds of marine animal oils was produced in the United States. Compared with July 1963 this was an increase of 3,171 tons in meal, and a- bout 2.8 million pounds in oil production. Fish solubles pro duction amounted to 16,271 tons--an increase of 1,093 tons compared with July 1963. Menhaden meal production for July 1964 amounted to 33,089 tons--an increase of 1,981 tons compared with July 1963, and menhaden oil totaled 25.9 million pounds--an in- r U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, July 19641/ with Comparisons July Jan.-July 1/1964 | 1962 | 1/1964) 1963 ee Product (Short Tons) Fish Meal and Scrap: Herring 3,256] 2,320} 4,940} 2,619) 7,537 Menhaden 2/ 33,089)31,108 99,705/ 181,750 Tuna and mackerel 1,741 11,651] 26,957 Unclassified 3,577] 3,782] 14,372) 15,569) 22,415 Total 41,663/38,492 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap 3/ Grand total meal and scrap lFish solubles: Menhaden Other 13,096} 39,878] 40,073) 74,831 1,513} 2,082] 10,758} 14,089] 25,347 Homogenized condensed fish Oil, body: Herring Menhaden 2/ Tuna and mackerel Other (including whale) Total oil 1/Preliminary data. 2/Includes a small quantity of thread herring. 3/Not available on a monthly basis. 31,782 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW crease of 507,000 pounds over July 1963. Herring meal production amounted to 3,256 tons--an increase of 936 tons as compared with July 1963. Oil produced from herring amounted to about 3.1 million pounds, an increase of 1.1 mil- lion pounds compared with July 1963. Tuna and mackerel meal production (1,741 tons) showed an increase of 459 tons, and tuna and mackerel oil production amounted to 449,000 pounds--up 121,000 pounds. KOK KOK OK Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1964: United States production of fish meal in July 1964 was higher by 8.2 percent as compared with July 1963. Production of fish oil was up by 9.6 percent and that of fish solubles decreased 8.1 percent. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, July 1964 tem and Period Tr . (Short Tons) . Fish Meal: Production: July January-June 2/ Year 3/ a Imports: July January-June Year 38,492) 55,602) 63,435 91,052) 121,836) 102,502 253,452) 312,259) 311,265 43,223) 25,857 181,934) 140,886) 107,826) 383,107] 252,307) 217,845 Fish Solubles 4/: Production: ~ July 17,709] 22,207) 22,589) 18,876 January-June 2/ 42,825) 51,507] 40,200] 36,946 Year 107,402) 124,334/112,241| 98,929 Imports: July 708 96 January-June 2,518 Year 3,174 . (1,000 Lbs.). Fish Oils: Production: July 31,782] 28,990) 47,695) 57,239) 40,487 January-June 2/ 74,897) 69,589) 95,622) 89,026] 56,340 Year 185,827/250,075/258,118 40,449} 29,343 56,139] 97,806} 63,005) 68,127 262,342|123,050)122,486|143,609 January-June '1/ Preliminary. 2/Data for 1964 based on reports which accounted for the following percentage of produc- tion in 1963: Fish meal, 95 percent; solubles and homogenized fish, 99 percent; and fish oils, 99 percent. '3/Small amounts (10,000 to 25,000 pounds) of shellfish and marine animal meal and Scrap not reported monthly are included in annual totals. includes homogenized fish KOK OK OK OK U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-July 1964: Based on domes- tic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January -July 1964 amounted to 410,921 short tons-- 56,220 tons(or 15.8 percent) more than during January-July 1963. Domestic production was 3,915 tons (or 3.0 percent) less, but im- ports were 60, 135 tons (or 26.7 percent) higher than in January- July 1963. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 227, 325 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including homogen- ized fish) during January-July 1964 amounted to 54, 193 tons-- a decrease of 14.4 percent as compared with the same period in 1963. Domestic production dropped 16.4 percent but imports of fish solubles increased 28.5 percent. Vol. 26, No. 11 U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-July 1964 with Comparisons Jan.-Jul 1/i964] 1963 . (Short Tons). Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden Tuna and mackerel Herring Other 99,705 11,651 2,619 15,569 181,750 26,957 7,537 37,208 Total production Imports: Canada Peru Chile Norway So. Africa Republic Other countries Total imports [Available fish meal supply Fish Solubles: Domestic production Imports: Canada Iceland So. Africa Republic Other countries Total imports 3,557) 2,769 6,773 Available fish solubles supply 54,193} 63,303 | 114,175 1/Preliminary. 2/S0-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. 207,402 HOOK OK OK 3K MENHADEN CATCHES NORTH OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DECLINE: A serious decline in menhaden catches dur- ing the 1964 fishing season in all areas north of Chesapeake Bay has had particularly seri- ous effects on industrial fishery products processors in New Jersey, where the supply has been dwindling for several years. Chesa- peake Bay has been affected also, for although the total menhaden catch for that region is about the same as in previous years, the northern fleet has moved into Chesapeake Bay to share that catch. Industry leaders met this past August with representatives of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries to review the situation and determine what action should be taken. Infor- mation presented by the Bureau showed that no outstandingly successful spawning of men- haden has occurred since 1958. The very large groups of fish born in 1958 has been the main support of the fishery since 1959, but those fish have virtually disappeared through the effects of fishing and natural die- off. Bureau scientists also have discovered that the Chesapeake Bay and New Jersey fish- eries are harvesting the same population of November 1964 fish. These menhaden are first taken in the Chesapeake region and move to northern wa- ters as they increase in age, which means the Chesapeake fishery has the advantage of harvesting those fish before they migrate to New Jersey and New England. Since 1956, the proportion of the total catch taken in the Chesapeake area has in- creased from 33 to 74 percent. Thus, the declining New Jersey menhaden catch is caused by a combination of temporarily re- duced spawning success and increased fishing pressure in the Chesapeake region. The trend is expected to continue and the north- ern fishery is not likely to improve unless fishing effort in the Chesapeake is reduced substantially. This is a difficult problem to resolve and it can be resolved only by the industry itself, but with all the assistance possible by the Bureau to help bring that in- dustry to a better and more equitable eco- omic level. U.S. FISH OIL PRODUCTION FORECAST FOR 1964: U.S. production of fish oil (including whale and seal oil, but excluding fish-liver oil) is forecast at 200.0 million pounds in 1964. That would be a gain of about 7.6 percent over the 185.8 million pounds produced in 1963. (Fats and Oils Situation, August 1964, U.S. Department of Agriculture.) Editor's Note: In January-July 1964, U.S. fish oil production totaled 106.7 million pounds, an increase of 8.2 over the 98.6 mil- lion pounds produced in the same period of 1963. Inventions SHRIMP HEAD AND VEIN REMOVING TOOL PATENTED: e inventor of a design for a hand-op- erated tool to re- move the head and pull out the sand vein of shrimp in one operation claims a cleaner, more Sanitary, and efficient way of heading shrimp. The inventor states COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 that the tool should be constructed entirely of noncorrosive material, preferably stainless steel, but plastics could be used for handles. The tool has been tested. (Patent No. 3,126,576 SIC 3461; granted Bjarne Johannesen, 3349 Drexel Avenue, Port Arthur, Tex.) —_—— Louisiana FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963: ummary: The total commercial catch of fish and shellfish landed in Louisiana in 1963 was down 2 percent in quantity, but up 16 per- cent in value from the previous year. Impor- tant gains in the shrimp catch were respon- sible for the overall increase in value. Men- haden, shrimp, and oysters accounted for 95 percent of the total Louisiana catch in 1963. MISSISSIPPI Fig. 1 - Souther marine districts are important producers of fish and shellfish. Shrimp: Louisiana shrimp landings in 1963 were the highest in 10 years and repre- sented 40 percent of the combined shrimp landings from all Gulf States in 1963. During the winter months of 1963, unfavor- able weather conditions were more prevalent than usual. Severe cold fronts repreatedly lashed Louisiana coastal areas. Despite the bad weather, fairly good shrimp catches were landed in the winter of 1963. During that pe- riod, there was evidence of a populous small white shrimp crop in areas west of the Mis- sissippi River. The protection given that crop by a closed season was probably respon- sible for the record May 1963 catch of over 1.0 million pounds of white shrimp. . 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Fig. 2 - Medium shrimp trawler docked at Westwego, La. Fig. 3 - Prior to weighing shrimp unloaded from a fishing vessel at Westwego, La., unsuitable shrimp and marine debris are re- moved from inspection belt prior to weighing. On the scale is a tared weighing bucket. The Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission established May 15, 1963, as the opening date for shrimp trawling in the inside waters. A "bumper crop" of brown shrimp had been predicted in the inside wa- ters, and at the opening of the season, brown shrimp were abundant in all areas. The greatest concentrations were found west of the Mississippi River. Landings were so great for several days that the supply ex- ceeded the processing capacity of the can- ners. Catches leveled off by early June, but continued at an exceptionally good pace until the season closed July 15, 1963. Vol. 26, No. 11 The fall white shrimp season opened on August 19, 1963, and was even more produc- tive than the spring brown shrimp season. Craft of all sizes, including numerous out- board motor rigs, participated in the harvest. Extremely good catches continued through November. October was the peak production month with white shrimp landings of 10.3 mil- lion pounds (heads -off weight). Canning plants operated at peak capacity during the 1963 shrimp season and shore em- ployment was ata high level. The canners packed nearly 717,000 standard cases--the largest shrimp pack since 1953. Shrimp prices declined sharply in 1963. In May 1963, ex-vessel prices for small brown shrimp (68 and over count, heads -off weight) averaged approximately $24.50 per 210-pound barrel (heads-on weight) as com- pared with $49.00 per barrel for the same size-count in May 1962. Prices for large Shrimp (15-20 count, heads -off weight) held fairly steady until August 1963. Oysters: The Louisiana oyster harvest in 1963 yielded 11.6 million pounds of meats valued at $3.7 million. That was the highest catch recorded since 1939 when 13.6 million pounds were reported. Canning plants re- ceived the majority of the landings and packed approximately 173,000 standard cases of oysters. The canned pack yield of the 1963 oyster landings was less than expected. There was an unusual tenderness in the texture of the meats during the spring season. That made mechanical shucking difficult and re- sulted in an abnormal percentage of the meats being broken during processing. The fresh oyster trade was fairly active in 1963. Large quantities of shell-stock oysters were trucked to processors in other states. Crabs: Louisiana hard blue crab landings in 1963 of 8.0 million pounds (down 16 percent from the previous year) were the lowest since 1954. There was less effort expended in the crab fishery in 1963 because a number of fishermen shifted to the more profitable shrimp fishery. Crab plants produced ap- proximately 570,000 pounds of fresh-picked crab meat with a wholesale value of $672,000. The demand for fresh-picked crab meat was good throughout most of the year and resulted in fairly stable prices. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 Louisiana Fishery Landings, 1962-1963 psec ge 8 ee ee 000 1,000 Lbs. Shellfish: Shrimp (heads-on): Salt-water. . eee Fresh-water. ..- + Oysters (market) Crabs, blue: Hard... .e Soft and peeler Crawfish, fresh-water Other shellfish. . .. Total shellfish . .. Salt-water Fish: Edible fish . 2... wee Menhaden. .. 22 eee Unclassified fish for bait, reduction, and animal food. 2,535.9 633, 484.3 6,970.8 Fresh -water Fish: Catfish and bullheads. . Buffalofish «se eee Other fresh-water fish. . 43, re d 1 Ptisea-2 | 3, 7001 10, 159°7 == 7,981.9 447.1 328.7 164.4 a i eee 3,097.1 ese | 182.3 278.3 122.6 103, 059.6 24, 554.7 66, 987.2 19, 466.8 9,522.9 343.9 462.5 171.9 424.3 7,994.2 3,017.8 689, 157.4 27.5 5,257.9 | 2, 420.9] 760, 662.2 ee a 776, 620.3 30, 333.7 Note: Oysters are reported in pounds of meats (8.75 pounds per gallon), Figs) 4 - Menhaden vessel docked at a fishery industrial products plant in Empire, La. Menhaden: Landings of 633.5 million pounds of menhaden in 1963--representing the second largest Louisiana catch in the his- tory of the fishery--were 8 percent below the record catch in 1962. Considerable fish- ing time was lost in 1963 due to unfavorable weather on the menhaden grounds. The 1963 Louisiana menhaden catch yielded 66,200 tons of meal, 7.9 million gallons of oil, and 5.0 million gallons of solubles. Those in- All other species are shown in round weight, dustrial products had a combined value of $13.1 million. The oil market was sluggish in the beginning of 1963 with large stocks carried over from the previous season, but market conditions improved in the summer and continued an upward trend during the re- mainder of the year. Edible Finfish: Louisiana landings of fin- fish for human consumption in 1963 amounted to 17.1 million pounds valued at $2.7 million. Fresh-water species, as usual, accounted for the bulk of the catch. All of the leading fresh- water species registered slight declines in 1963. The market weakened in the spring months and prices to the fishermen were re- duced. Recurrent fish kills in the Mississippi River have aroused much concern. Massive fish kills were reported for the fourth succes - sive year in areas extending from above Baton Rouge to the mouth of the River. Similar kills occurred in the Atchafalaya River, Bayou Grand Caillou, and Bayou Black. Investiga- tions conducted by the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission's Water Pollution Control Division indicated that pesticides may have caused the fish kills. In some cases, pollution from industrial operations was be- lieved to have contributed to the fish losses. Miscellaneous: Louisiana reports a sizable production of fresh-water crawfish. An in- 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW creasing number of crawfish farms provide a reliable supply for the growing market for that item. =i : a i New York City RELOCATION OF WHOLESALE FULTON FISH MARKET RECOMMENDED: Comprehensive studies on the relocation of the New York City Wholesale Fulton Fish Market were completed this past summer by that city's Department of Markets. A re- port on the studies calls for a new wholesale fish market at a cost of about $14.5 million to be located at Hunts Point, Bronx, on a site proposed as an expanded New York City Ter- minal Market which will also include a pro- duce terminal and a meat distribution center. The Mayor's Market Advisory Committee at New York City, after studying the Con- Sultant's report on the Wholesale Fulton Fish Market, unanimoulsy approved the project stating that the interests of New York City, as a whole, would be served by the reloca- tion of the existing Wholesale Fulton Fish Market from its present location to new fa- cilities to be constructed by the city ona site large enough to consolidate, but not nec- essarily limit the markets involved. The Consultant's report stated that ''the Fulton Fish Market has been operating con- tinuously at its present location on the Hast Vol. 26, No. 11 Fig. 2 - A scene in the Fulton Fish Market area, New York City, showing the present congested conditions, River, at the foot of Fulton Street for more than 140 years. Housed for the most part in old rundown buildings, there are now more than 90 dealers, wholesalers of fresh and frozen finfish and shellfish, processors and purveyors, located in the market area." The Consultant's report brought out (1) the importance of fishery products receipts at the Wholesale Fulton Fish Market, (2) the im- portance of vessel fishery landings at New York City, and (3) that the annual per capita consumption of fishery products at New York City is relatively high--about 30 pounds per capita, or about three times more than the national per capita consumption. 2 sy eck ok slow Fig. 1 - Proposed expanded New York City Terminal Market at Hunts Point, Bronx. At the right, is the produce terminal now under construction, with some of its buildings and the railroad team track area shown; in the middle, are the large buildings comprising a proposed meat distribution center, and at the lower left, in the shaded area is a suggested wholesale fish market. November 1964 os its Ee ae Fig. 3 - A scene inside one of the Fulton Fish Market sheds, In 1963, total receipts at New York City of fresh and frozen fishery products of both salt-water and fresh-water varieties amount- ed to 183 million pounds. In addition, 40 draggers in 1963 landed 335 trips at Fulton Fish Market piers with about 8 million pounds of fresh fish and shellfish, including scup (porgy) and sea scallop meats as the principal species. In describing existing conditions at the Wholesale Fulton Fish Market, the Consul- tant's report concluded with, ''Locatedastride South Street, a major north-south artery with thousands of vehicle movements daily, it is difficult for buyers to come and go freely. The rundown, unsanitary and inadequate mar- ket buildings are hardly attractive to dis- criminating buyers and certainly do not stim- ulate increased sales. Furthermore, our studies indicate that little, if anything, can be done to improve conditions at this loca- tion. It is in the best interests of the City and market users to relocate rather than rehabilitate." North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research SURF CLAM SURVEY CONTINUED: survey of surf clam resources in cer- tain waters off Maryland and Virginia was conducted in June and July 1964 by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Rorqual. The vessel was continuing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 an Atlantic surf clam survey begun in the summer of 1963. Survey work in 1963 was conducted in various areas extending from the south shore of Long Island, N. Y., to Mary- land. During June and July 1964, the Rorqual operated in waters off the Maryland and Vir- ginia coasts (see chart). Working in the northern section of that area and following predetermined 1-mile grid lines, the vessel occupied 231 sampling stations. A 5-minute tow with a commercial (40-inch blade) jet dredge was made at each station. Surf clams were taken in all but 2 of the 231 tows. The catch ranged up to 766 clams per tow (about ten 80-pound bushels). The size of the clams ranged from 0.75 to 7.25 inches in length, with most of them falling in the 5.75- to 6.50-inch size group. Consider- able variation was noted both in the number of clams per tow and in the size composition. The 3 largest catches consisted of 184, 198, and 766 clams, having weights of 225, 242, and 781 pounds, respectively. The surf clam is by far the predominant clam in the waters surveyed in Area 5. There are indications that the density of surf clams LEGEND: SURF CLAM AREA 5 © ~ Individual survey station. @ ~ Stations producing best catches of small clams. @ - Stations where three Largest catches were made. Shows stations occupied in Area 5 and best catches during Rorqual surf clam survey in June-July 1964. 42 may increase as the survey extends to the south and east. The 3 best catches were made during the last 2 weeks of operation, while working in the more southern section of the survey area. Surf clams were found to be most abun- dant in waters where the depths ran between 80 and 110 feet. The largest catch was made at a depth of 102 feet, with other good catches occurring in waters of about the same depth. No notably good catches were made in wa- ters that were less than 80 feet deep, where the bottom was found to be generally much harder. While running between stations, a clam sounder was usually kept in operation on the bottom. The instrument indicated that surf clams are distributed very extensively at varying densities in the sections between stations and that the species is very well es- tablished in the area surveyed. The Rorqual was scheduled to resume the Atlantic surf clam survey in the fall of 1964. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 28. He ok ok oe oe WHITING ESCAPEMENT STUDY: M/V “Delaware™ Cruise 64-5 (July 28-Au- gust 6, 1964): To study the size selectivity of two different sized otter trawl cod-ends on whiting (Merluccius bilinearis) was the objec- tive of this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. The work was carried out in co- operation with the Bureau's Biological Lab- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 oratory, Woods Hole, Mass., as part of the studies of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. During this cruise, vessel operations were carried out for the largest part of the time in areas where the commercial whiting fleet was trawling--off Cape Cod from Nauset Buoy to Chatham and in Cape Cod Bay. In addition, the vessel spent one day on Georges Bank southwest of Cultivator Shoals. On this cruise, a 2-inch and a 3-inch mesh internal stretched mesh cod-end were inter- changed on a nylon 60-80 whiting net rigged on the vessel's starboard side and a cotton net of the same design rigged on the port side. In addition, a 1-inch mesh nylon cover was affixed to the top of the 2-inch cod-end dur- ing a number of tows of the series. Trawling was done in random sequences, changing the cod-ends and changing from port and starboard sides of the vessel after every 5 tows. A total of 60 tows was made inwhich sufficient whiting were taken to give valid in- formation. Each tow lasted from 30 minutes up to one hour. All fish caught on this cruise were counted and measured for length-frequency data, or where catches of a single species were large, a two-bushel subSample was measured. The fish escaping into the cover on the 2-inch cod-end were measured and recorded sep- arately. Internal mesh measurements of the cod-ends and cover were taken at regular in- terval using an I.C.E.S. (International Coun- cil for Exploration of the Seas) mesh gauge. Fig. 1 - 1-inch cover (A) over 2-inch cod-end (B). Fig. 2 - Measuring mesh size with mesh gauge. November 1964 Data collected on this cruise has been turned over to the Bureau's Biological Lab- oratories for computer analysis and inter- pretation. Depending upon results, further studies may be continued aboard commercial fishing craft. OK OK OK Ok ELECTRICAL FISHING TESTS CONTINUED: M/V “Delaware™ Cruise 64-6 (August 17- 28, 1964): Underwater observations were made of the action of fish in or near the ef- fective range of an electric field by means of closed circuit underwater television dur- ing this 12-day cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. Observations during the cruise of fish actions and reactions to the net, without the electric field, are summarized as: 1. The fish do not seem to be panicked or even particularly frightened by a net. 2. At slow towing speeds, the fish swim along (a) in front of the net, (b) within the mouth of the net, or (c) into and out of the net. 3. At higher towing speeds, the fish swim along with the net, but at an increased rate; as towing continued at higher speeds, the fish swim more in the direction in which the net is towing and with less laterial move- ment. At accelerated swimming rates, the fish tend to drop back into the net with in- creased frequency as they become tired. Upon occasions, however, they increase their Swimming rate in spurts in order to swim out of the net or its path. From time-to- time, fish could be observed going under or between the rollers at the higher towing speeds. When the electric field was in use, the ob- served reaction of the fish to the field, in general, were as follows: 1. When within the effective range of the field, the fish were (a) quickly seized by muscular spasms which made swimming be- havior ineffective; (b) the spasms were im- mediately followed by temporary paralysis; (c) if the field was quickly turned off, the fish could recover their swimming ability and escape before they went into the net; (d) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 if the field was kept on, deep stunning (nar- cosis) or death followed. 2. When captured by the field, the fish nearly always assumed a position above the bottom, nearly perpendicular to the bottom, with their heads in an upward position and with their belly forward and away from the net. 3. In this stunned and floating position, the fish were overtaken and scooped up by the net. 4. Although the smaller fish usually swam higher off the bottom (when distributed by the net) than the larger fish, they were affected by the field at approximately the same dis- tance from the anode; the strength of the field in front of the anode (where the larger fish were affected) was probably not as great as it was where the smaller fish were taken(the latter were nearer to a vertical position above the anode). 5. At the leading edge of the effective field, the fish were less affected while swim- ming directly away from the anode than when they attempted lateral movement; this may have been due to a decrease in the distance from the electrode rather than to the direc- tional force of the electrical field. Power was transmitted to two underwater pulse transformers on the trawl net. Pulse rates of 60 per second (30 per transformer) and 40 per second (20 per transformer) were used during the trials. Total power used ranged from about 18 kw. to 34 kw. with 26.25 kw. used most of the time. During the cruise, some 4,000 feet of 16 millimeter movie film was exposed in an ef- fort to obtain a permanent record of activities viewed by the underwater TV camera. In ad- dition, a limited footage was taken of the elec- trical equipment in use. The species of fish observed included: haddock, cod, halibut, wolffish, dogfish, skate, flounder and sole, and a number of other un- identified fish. The unidentified fish were thought to include either herring or blue- backs and whiting or hake. The film records were made mostly on dogfish, small haddock, and flounder and sole. Areas (1) in Cape Cod Bay, (2) off of Nau- sett Beach, (3) at the Southeast Part of Georges 44 Bank, (4) at the Bight of Clarks on Georges, (5) on Stellwagen Bank, and (6) in Ipswich Bay, were utilized during the cruise insearch of unclouded water. Depths ranging from 6 to 32 fathoms were fished in the effort tofind fish, good bottom, sufficient light and clear water, all of which were required for making good films. Artificial illumination was used at times with little if any effect on the fish; neither a scare effect nor an appreciable attraction to the light was apparent. The maximum limits of visibility encoun- tered during the cruise were about 20 feet Legend: e Fishing stations. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 near the surface and 12 to 14 feet at the bottom in front of the net being towed. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 30; June 1964 p. 20; January 1964 p. 21. North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations SUMMER DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF GROUNDFISH SPECIES STUDIED: M/V. atross IV Cruise 64-10 (Part I July 27-August 11; Part II August 6-22, 1964): To determine the summer distribution and relative abundance of groundfish species from (Up Fig. 1 - Shows fishing stations worked during Albatross IV Cruise 64-10, July 27-August 22, 1964. November 1964 Legend: e@ Fishing stations, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 HADDOCK Fig. 2 - Shows amount of haddock taken per tow during Albatross IV Cruise 64-10, July 27-August 22, 1964. the Bay of Fundy southward to Hudson Canyon was the purpose of this survey by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Albatross IV. A total of 180 groundfish survey stations were made on this cruise. All fish were identified and measured, and the total weight by species was obtained from each tow. Stomach contents of 1,781 fish were examined and recorded from 41 species caught through- out the study area. Scale samples were taken from 1,262 haddock and 539 yellowtail floun- ders. Otoliths were extracted from 380 whiting (silver hake) and 179 butterfish. Al- so, a sample of sea herring was collected and frozen for the Bureau's Biological Laboratory at Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Samples of red and white hake were frozen for further stud- ies on the life history of those species. Large quantities of small haddock between 15-30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches) long were caught on Georges Bank in depths between 30 to 50 fathoms. Those were one-plus year old fish originally reported after the 1963 sum- mer and fall groundfish survey Albatross IV (Cruise 63-5). Catches of this year's (1964) year-class of haddock were low. They were absent from some areas where they were a- 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW bundant the previous summer. This may be due to either relatively poor recruitment or simply indicate that the small haddock were not avail- able as yet to the type gearused. No forecastof the strengthof this year-class can be made un- til the completion of the fall survey. Whiting were found abundant along the western side of Georges Bank and along the Maine coast. The Albatross IV has proven to be an un- usually stable research platform. For the first time, the catch was weighed on a spe- ciesbasis. Abeam balance was used through- out with complete success. The total weight of allfish and squid caught on this cruise amounted to 49,000 pounds. Had- dock (all sizes combined) totaled 21,100 pounds and was distributed as shown in figure 2 (43 per- cent of the total catch), while 3,500 pounds of cod and 3,200 pounds of spiny dogfish were caught. The balance was divided among 46 oth- er species. Observations Noted During Cruise 64-10: Some interesting observations were made dur - ing the North Atlantic fishery survey Cruise 64-10by the research vessel Albatross IV. Cod and haddock spawn in late winter and early spring. This past August a female haddock was caught off Nova Scotia that ap- peared ready to spawn. A male cod taken off Massachusetts was fully ripe and running. While off Nova Scotia the Albatross IV com- municated with the Lurcher Shoal Lightship personnel and they mentioned that this was an unusually cold year and that August in particular was very cold. A 64-pound halibut was found to have eaten a large (over 2 feet long) dogfish. Halibut are voracious feeders, frequently eating big lobsters and large crabs, but the dogfish was a surprise. As anticipated, yearling haddock were unusually abundant. The incoming year-class of had- dock was not in evidence during August and any prediction of its strength can not be made until completion of the fall survey cruise. Young haddock are not necessarily on the bottom in August. Surveying marine fish abundance with the otter trawl is as yet the only feasible tech- nique. The Bureau's Woods Hole Biological Laboratory is continually investigating other techniques in an effort both to increase sur- vey efficiency and to improve the quality of Vol. 26, No. 11 data collected. Growing out of the experience gained in using television, a towable still camera was being tested. The camera may be towed through the water at high speed at scheduled depths and takes pictures at pre- determined intervals. The camera mechanism and strob light are automatically controlled. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 37. WK OK OK OK OK CONTINENTAL SHELF WATERS SURVEYED: M/vV “Albatross IV" Cruise 64-11 (August 31-September 13, 1964): To conduct an en- vironmental survey of Continental Shelf wa- ters in the area bounded by longitudes 64° W. and 72° W. was the objective of this cruise by the research vessel Albatross IV. During the cruise a total of 74 hydrographic stations were occupied throughout the area. Water samples were obtained at depths of 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300,500, 750, and 1,000 meters to determine temper- ature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chloro- phyll. In addition, 24 hydrographic stations were occupied at 2-hour intervals at a moored buoy in the South Channel area to determine the temporal fluctuations of those properties, and of zooplankton biomass due to tidal oscil- lations and internal waves. North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SURVEY OF DEEP-WATER MARINE FAUNA OFF MOUTH OF COLUMBIA RIVER CONTINUED: M/v “Commando™ Cruise 11 (August 31- September 17, 1964): The objectives of this cruise on a predetermined trackline south- westof the Columbia River were to: (1) com- pare the sampling efficiency for demersal fau- na of a 70-foot semiballoon shrimp trawl and a 400-mesh eastern otter trawl, (2) collect faunal samples for the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Seattle, Wash., and for radiological anal- ysis by the Laboratory of Radiation Biology, University of Washington, and (3) take cores of the substrate for heteroptrophic marine bacteria studies. This cruise by the exploratory fishing ves- sel Commando was the 15th in a series con- November 1964 ducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The 70-foot semiballoon shrimp trawlwas fished with V-type doors weighing about 850 pounds each on a Single warp using 25-fathom bridles. Four 8-inch aluminum trawl floats were attached to the headrope. The 400- mesh eastern trawl was fished using double warps with 50-fathom dandylines and the 850- pound V-type doors. The headrope was buoyed with eleven 8-inch aluminum trawl floats, and a 13-inch mesh liner was placed in the cod end. Fishing was conducted in 50 and 100 fath- oms in accordance with a randomized sam- pling design. A total of 8 half-hour tows was made with each gear in each of the two depths making a grand total of 32 drags throughout the experiment. Five additional drags were made at the 50- and 400-fathom stations with the shrimp trawl to obtain samples for radi- ological analysis. Marked differences were found in the fish and shrimp-catching abilities of the two dif- ferent types of gear. Although the effective width opening of the shrimp trawl is less than that of the 400-mesh trawl, the shrimp trawl caught 10 to 15 times more shrimp. Conversely, the 400-mesh trawl caught fish at a rate 10 to 15 times greater than that of the shrimp trawl. The species and size com- position of the catches also differed between gear. Hake, immature sablefish (black cod), and pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) dominated the catches in 50 fathoms while rockfish (Sebastodes sp.), Dover sole, and rex sole were the most common forms in 100 fath- oms. Eight tagged Dover sole (5 in 50 fath- oms and 3 in 100 fathoms), which had been tagged and released on the trackline by per- sonnel of the Oregon Fish Commission on previous cooperative Bureau-AEC cruises, were recovered. Samples of fish and invertebrates were collected and frozen for the Laboratory of Radiation Biology of the University of Wash- ington. Additional samples were collected for the Bureau's Technological Laboratory in Seattle. A total of 10 cores was taken at 50, 300, and 850 fathoms for heterotrophic marine COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 bacteria studies by personnel from the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 25; Jan- uary 1964 p, 23. KC OK OK OK EXPERIMENTAL FISHING WITH "COBB" PELAGIC TRAWL: M/V “St. Michae ruise May-July 1964): The objectives of this 12-week cruise by the vessel St. Michael, chartered and op- erated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries as an exploratory fishing vessel, were to: (1) evaluate the commercial poten- tial of the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl on knowncon- centrations of midwater fish and (2) test heavy-duty electrical towing cable and depth- temperature recording instruments. The vessel St. Michael, a 72-foot trawler, carries a crew of 4, is powered with a 353 hp. Diesel engine and mounts a trawl-net reel. The reel facilitates setting and retrieving the net, especially in high winds and rough seas. On this experimental cruise, large con- centrations of hake were found off the Wash- VANCOUVER Shows area of operations during St, Michael Crise 2. . 48 ington coast between Destruction Island and the Umatilla light-ship. Hake schools, as defined by a high sensitivity white-line echo- sounder, were located from the bottom up to 20 fathoms above the bottom. Following initial good catches of hake off Washington, the net was fished on commer- cial fishing grounds in Queen Charlotte Sound off British Columbia, in an attempt to produce large quantities of Pacific ocean perch. Ocean perch catches, however, did not ex- ceed 6,000 pounds an hour. One two-week period was devoted to operations during hours of darkness. Extensive soundings were taken during that period without locating off-bottom fish schools. Poor weather hampered each phase of the cruise and reduced time avail- able for night fishing. In the later part of the cruise, testing of the gear on known hake concentrations was resumed off Washington where numerous large hake catches were made. The largest Single catch was 50,000 pounds in 90 minutes; the highest catch rate was 30,000 pounds taken in 30 minutes of fishing time. Catches in excess of 15,000 pounds in 30 minutes were common. A total of 56 drags was made using the following three modifications of the ''Cobb" pelagic trawl: (1) constructed entirely of conventional 3'' nylon web, (2) constructed of conventional 3'' nylon web with 6'' mesh in the wings, and (3) constructed entirely of 3" monofilament nylon web. Each net was sim- ilarly rigged with 41 eight-inch Phillips trawl floats equally spaced along the head rope. Lead lines consisted of two 5-fathom sec- tions of 2"' chains, attached to the wind sec- tions of fhe footrope. Cable scope to net depth ratio was about 3.5 to 1, decreasing as depth increased. The electrical trawl cables functioned well during the cruise. Several mechanical failures occurred in the telemetering com- ponents but were satisfactorily corrected. Telemeter malfunctions usually resulted in poor catches due to an inability to properly position the net at depths where fish were concentrated. Sensing units were located at each trawl door except for a short period when one was placed on the footrope. From differential readings between the two units it was determined that the footrope was posi- tioned about two fathoms deeper than the doors. Also, the net appeared to bank much COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 like an airplane when the vessel turned. Un- derwater observations made of the nets prior to the cruise indicated the net opening to be about 60 feet square. Overall results of the cruise were encour- aging and all major components operated as designed. Minor additional changes should make the gear suitable for commercial fish- ing. Oceanography LARVAL SPECIMENS OF TUNA, SWORDFISH, AND MARLIN COLLECTED IN THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC: The collection of larval forms of large pelagic fish was a primary objective of a 21- day cruise (July 24-August 14, 1964) to Ber- muda, the Sargasso Sea, and the northeastern Bahamas by the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury (owned and operated by the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami). The cruise was sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Hundreds of larval tuna were taken during the cruise to form one of the most extensive collections of young tuna ever assembled. Other larval specimens taken included white marlin and blue marlin about inch in length, broadbill swordfish as small as ¥-inch in length, and many dolphin, barracuda, and gaint ocean sunfish. The tiny marine speci- mens will help scientists trace the life his- = \ e e ra ia ess Me bya i SRA es RA : : =, iv wee a BF ble als | ) sete nen sc > ar Fig. 1 - Research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury departs on an ocean~ Ographic cruise to the Tropical Atlantic. November 1964 ‘ecm | ‘Fig. 2 - Working deck of the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury. tories, migration patterns, and spawning lo- cations of large pelagic fish. Plankton collections during the cruise in- dicate that the major spawning grounds of marlin are located southwest of Bermuda and in the northeast and northwest Bahamas, according to the scientist who directed sam- pling work aboard the Pillsbury. In addition to the collection of larval fish, general sampling was carried out with mid- water trawls, bottom trawls, and bottom dredges from depths of 3,000 to 6,000 feet. Wire cable up to four miles in length was re- quired on some of the deep-water hauls. Night-light fishing techniques were used to capture lanternfish, dolphin, flyingfish, squid, octopus, and other marine animals. One interesting catch was a perfectly formed sailfish only 13 inches long taken in a midwater trawl, and it came aboard alive COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Fig. 3 - Putting over a high-speed plankton sampler which can be towed at 8 knots, thereby capturing fast-swimming organisms that avoid regular plankton nets (which are towed at slower speed). and in good condition. Placed immediately in one of the aquaria maintained on the ves- sel for photography of live specimens, the little fish swam about vigorously for more than an hour with its miniature sail helderect. Color motion pictures were made of the swimming sailfish for behavior studies. Many deep-water specimens were captured alive and photographed, including the unusual Argonaut, the octopod that lives in a paper nautilus shell. While being photographed in an aquarium, one Argonaut gave birth to hundreds of microscopic baby Argonauts, complete with pearly, transparent shells less than a millimeter in diameter. Another unusual catch during the cruise was a deep-water anglerfish which came up alive with its fragile ''fishing lure" intact. Before it died, movies were made of the strange fish swimming in an aquarium. The Pillsbury left Miami on July 24, 1964, and began its scientific collecting on the east- . 50 seer Ses eerie SPN ae LOE Oe at are Fig. 4 - Shows an unusual specimen (a Gonostomatid) collected by the research vessel John Elliott Pillsbury. This deep-water fish, only a few inches in length, was captured at a depth of about 4,000 feet. Note the light organs along the underside of the fish. ern edge of the Gulf Stream near Grand Ba- hamalIsland. Thenthe vessel worked its way north to a point off Charleston, S.C., where she swung east to Bermuda. After two days of inshore and coral reef collecting at Ber- muda, the vessel proceeded northeast to a large seamount. Activities were curtailed, however, by gale winds so the Pillsbury moved | south to calmer waters. After working off Abaco and around the northern edge of the Little Bahama Bank, the research vessel re- turned to Miami, Fla., on August 14, 1964. The Pillsbury left Miami again on August 20, 1964, for an oceanographic cruise to the Caribbean. (Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, August 19, 1964.) Sled teu sie) oie oie EXCHANGE VISITS BY UNITED STATES AND SOVIET OCEANOGRAPHERS: ix United States oceanographers began a 4-week tour of the Soviet Union on Septem- ber 14, 1964, as part of an exchange program that will bring a similar delegation of Soviet oceanographers to the United States. This will be the first exchange of oceanographers between the two countries. The schedule of the United States group called for them to visit 13 Soviet oceano- graphic installations as well as the Soviet oceanographic vessel Mikhial Lomonosov. Individual visits to an oceanographic sub- marine, a geochemistry institution, and the Soviet Naval Hydrographic Office were also planned. The tour will take the United States oceanographic delegation to Moscow, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Sevastopol, Leningrad, and Mur- mansk. The exchange visits by United States and Soviet oceanographers are sponsored by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce. se ste se ste) oie sic) sie) ote COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 SMALL PORTABLE MARINE WORK PLATFORM WITH DERRICK: A small marine work platform known as the 'Hydro-Cat" has been developed by a firm in California. According to its designers, the 18-foot craft with a 103-foot beam is intended to serve as a Stable work platform specifical- ly for use by oceanographers and limnologists. Figs. 2 - Shows completed Hydro-Cat in the water. Its features include a center-located demount- able derrick and instrument hatch for con- venient lowering of instruments; ballast tanks for rough-weather work; and forepeak and afterpeak collision bulkheads. It can be pow- ered by any outboard motor from 25 to 100 horsepower. The ''Hydro-Cat" can be quickly broken down to two hulls and a center section to facilitate transport. November 1964 Oregon METOLIUS SALMON HATCHERY CLOSES AND EXPERIMENTAL HATCHERY STATION OPENS: The closure on July 31, 1964, of the Meto- lius River Salmon Hatchery above Pelton Dam was announced by the Oregon Fish Com- mission in early August 1964. At the same time the Commission announced plans to open a test hatchery unit below Pelton Dam by September 15, 1964. The Metolius hatchery, located on Spring Creek (a Metolius tributary) some 30 miles above the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex, was established in 1947. Its purpose was to compensate partially for losses of spawning and rearing areas on the Columbia Riverand tributaries as a result of dam construction. Factors leading to the closure of the Me- tolius hatchery were the station's limited facilities, difficulties in passing both up- stream and downstream migrant salmonover the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex, and low water temperatures in the area, all of which contributed to the relatively high cost of the fish reared to release size at the hatchery. During earlier phases of the Me- tolius operation, both sockeye and spring chinook salmon were handled at the station but in later seasons efforts were concentrat- ed on spring chinook. The closure of the Metolius station, how- ever, does not mean the end of hatchery op- erations in the area. Plans call for an in- vestigation of the potential for artificial propagation of spring chinook, steelhead, and possible other species at the site of the new test hatchery unit immediately below the re- regulating dam at Pelton. The new experi- mental operation will consist of hatching spring chinook and steelhead eggs from fish taken either from the Deschutes or from the Willamette River system, and rearing the resultant fingerlings for a full year. Water to operate the test facility will be taken from the forebay of the re-regulating dam, which offers water suitable in quality and temperature for fish cultural purposes. Water temperatures at the dam range be- tween 40°-60° F. The river flow below the re-regulating dam averages some 3,000 cubic feet per second, which is far above the pilot station's requirements and would be more than adequate for a hatchery with a capacity of 13 million yearling salmon. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 The cost of the small pilot station is re- ported to be about $10,000 for construction plus an additional $10,000 for equipment and operating expenses during the first year. Ex- pansion of the experimental project to a full- scale production facility, if such course ap- pears feasible, will be much more expensive. A station with a rearing capacity of a million yearling chinook, for example, could be ex- pected to cost $350,000 or more. About half of the money needed for the pilot station is being provided by the electric company which owns the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex. The Oregon Fish Commission described the closing ofthe Metolius station and establish- ment of the pilot hatchery below Pelton Dam as an effort to modernize or replace outmoded fa- cilities. It was pointed out that the Oregon spring chinook hatchery program in the Willa- mette River system has been highly success- ful during recent years giving rise to consid- erable optimism that a successful spring chin- ook program could be developed on the Des- chutes River below the dams. Oysters LIGHT STRIKE IN JAMES RIVER SEED BEDS IN 1964: A light set of oysters in the James River seed area occurred during the first twoweeks of September 1964, according to scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va. The head of oyster re- search at the Institute reported that after in- tensive surveys it is now known that a "light" strike began during the last four days of Au- gust and continued with decreasing intensity through September 8. The Institute scientist said, ''The distri- bution of spatfall this summer was most pe- culiar. Strings of test shells indicated that spatfall was heaviest on upriver inshore areas. This suggests that the oyster larvae originated from oysters in the seed area rather than from downriver oysters. It is my belief that in normal years most larvae originating in shallow inshore waters are carried down- stream and lost." A check of natural cultch (shell) collected from seed beds in the upper James River was made on September 11. Microscopic exam- inations of those shells revealed that some spat had collected on all beds from Wreck Shoal to Deep Water Shoal on both sides of the 52 river, substantiating the observations on test shells put out by the Institute. The scientist emphasized that spat observed on September 11 were very small. Most of those found were about 4th of an inch across and would require a good magnifying glass to be seen readily. He noted that such small spat usually Survive very well in the upper river. Although the 1964 spatfall appears to be quite light in comparison with long-term rec- ords from the James River, it will probably be an improvement over the past three years. The upriver location of this spatfall is par- ticularly beneficial because of complete fail- ure there in recent years. The Institute's oyster research scientist pointed out that quality of cultch often influ- ences the intensity of setting and survival. "We always use clean shells for our weekly test strings in the river," he noted, ''But natural cultch varies greatly in quality. The cultch in the upper seed beds this year is fouled with a coat of 'moss animals,' where- as the shells in the middle river beds are cleaner except for some sea squirts. Un- fortunately, most of the inshore beds lack cultch and what little is there is badly fouled with sea squirts. The number of spat sur- viving will be influenced by those factors." State shell plantings of 1963/64 in the middle of the seed area are reasonably clean of fouling organisms, but are located some- what downriver from the best of the 1964 spatfall. The location of the State shell plantings was based upon setting records from past years which indicate that normally the best set occurs on the downriver and channelward seed rocks. From records accumulated over the past 20 years, the scientist indicated that the normal setting season continues until the first of October, but oysters were now spawn- ed out and it was unlikely that much more setting would occur this year. Whensummer temperatures prevail, free-swimming larvae require a period of 10 to 12 days before set- ting. The Institute scientist feels that the ef- fect of tropical storms with their high tides is probably harmful to broods of oyster larvae since they are likely to be carried out of the river. The Director of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science pointed out that this latest information on oyster setting is a direct re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 sult of the increased attention being given to James estuary under the Institute's Operation James River which is a study of the physical and biological characteristics of the system. He further said that more careful studies of the setting of oysters and other important larvae are being planned for the 1965 field season. DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE- RESISTANT OYSTER STRAINS: Studies on the development of disease-re- sistant strains of oysters were recently started at Rutgers University in New Jersey; the Vir- ginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va; Natural Resources Institute of the University of Maryland, Solomons, Md.; Uni- versity of Delaware Marine Laboratory, Newark, Del. The studies are part of the program under Public Law 87-580 and are being conducted with funds administered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to determine the resistance of various oyster stocks to MSX mortality. The Bureau's Milford (Conn.) Biological Laboratory is cooperating in this program by (1) supplying conditioned oyster spawners of Long Island Sound origin; (2) conditioning Chesapeake Bay oysters for comparative studies and spawning; and (3) rearing larvae of presumed resistant stocks for testing of juvenile oysters to MSX exposure at various mid-Atlantic locations. This also involves sending starter cultures of a number of spe- cies of algae to both State laboratories topro- vide food for the larval and juvenile oysters. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 36. ‘Pesticides STRINGENT RULES ORDERED IN USE OF PESTICIDES ON LANDS ADMINISTERED BY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: é issuance of stringent rules regarding use of pesticides on the more than 550 mil- lion acres of public lands administered by the Department of the Interior was announced by Secretary Stewart L. Udall, September 4, 1964. The rules were developed after an earlier secretarial directive that the Depart- ment's standards should set an example for all others to follow. The new guidelines, which apply to all Interior programs for the November 1964 control of pest plants and animals, were de- veloped by Frank P. Briggs, Assistant Sec- retary for Fish and Wildlife. The order directs that first priority be given to nonchemical methods in pest con- trol. When chemicals are deemed necessary, safety will be the main consideration. Sec- retary Udall said, ''Prior to the use of pes- ticides, there must be a determination of anticipated results and possible harmful ef- fects. Only chemicals registered for use on a particular pest may be employed, and in- structions for use must be carefully followed. It is of the utmost importance that the pro- posed controls be limited to the target area to avoid contaminating lakes, streams, fish and wildlife, or adversely affecting other in- terests in the community." Secretary Udall directed Interior agencies to inform state and local authorities, if their interests are involved, when proposed In- terior pest-control activities are to be con- ducted. He directed that state and local laws be complied with in such programs. The guidelines require the use of the most selective chemicals available, minimum dosages with the safest carriers, and applica- tion under conditions that leave no reasonable doubt that harmful effects will be minimized. Interior agencies were told to avoid using compounds which are known to concentrate in living organisms, such as DDT, chlordane, dieldrin, and endrin. Secretary Udall warned that even some of the comparatively safe pesticides, such as malathion, pose hazards to some sensitive species of fish, food organisms, and bene- ficial insects. He said particular care must be taken to avoid injury to pollenizing in- sects. He said that while the acute toxic ef- fects of most herbicides are minimal for birds and mammals, the chronic effects are largely unknown. And he noted that some herbicides are highly toxic to fish food or- ganisms. The order requires that advice be obtained from fish and game and health of- ficials before there is any extensive field use of herbicides in close proximity to wa- ter areas. Secretary Udall said that results of chem- ical pest-control programs carried out by Interior agencies must be appraised by spe- cialists to assure minimum adverse side ef- fects. He thus assigned to the Geological COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Survey the responsibility of surveillance and study of pesticide effects on water resources of the Department's areas. The Bureauof Sport Fisheries and Wildlife will appraise the effects on fish and wildlife and their food organisms. Secretary Udall further ordered that all chem- ical pest-control programs plannedby Interior agencies be first reviewed by the Geological Sur- vey, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. The proposed programs then willbe forwarded to the Federal Committee on Pest Control, made up of representatives of the Departments of Interior, Agriculture, Defense, and Health, Education, and Welfare. The Federal Committee reviews all chemical control programs that are finan- ced wholly or in part with Federal funds, or are directedor supervisedby a Federal agency. Interior's representatives on the Committee are Robert M. Paul, Deputy Assistant Secre- tary for Fish and Wildlife, and Lansing A. Par- ker, Associate Director, Bureauof Sport Fish- eries and Wildiife. Secretary Udall said Interior agencies not directly engaged in chemical pest-control programs are required to observe and report any significant contamination of residual ac- cumulations caused by pesticides which may affect the Department's interests. Preservation SHELF LIFE OF FROZEN FISH STUDIED: Freezing iS one of the most important commercial methods of preserving fishery products. Since it is known that freezing does not improve the quality of any fishery product above its original quality, the recommendation is always made that only initially high-quality fish should be frozen. Recommendations con- cerning subsequent frozen storage are more difficult to make, since there is a general lack of information on the combined effects of time of storage in ice prior to freezing and the effects of different constant freezer tem- peratures upon the frozen storage life of fish- ery products. The Gloucester (Mass.) Tech- nological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, has undertaken a project in which the effects of those variables are be- ing studied. The first fish species studied was pollock-- afish generally in plentiful supply. Eviscer- ated pollock, stored in ice at the Bureau's . 54 laboratory, was filleted on the lst, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 13th, and 16th day of ice storage. They were then packaged in commercial type one- pound fillet cartons and in 133-pound blocks and were frozen ina plate freezer. Frozen one-pound fillet packages were stored at +20°, +10°, 0°, -10° and -30° F., and the blocks at 0° F. Those products were being tested for ac- ceptance this past summer by organoleptical- ly evaluating them along with freshly frozen controls. The one-pound fillets were tested as a steam-cooked product and the blocks as fried portions. Preliminary results showed average Storage life of +10° and +20° F. stored pollock fillets to be 8 and 4 weeks, respectively. Fillets stored at 0° F. reached a stage of borderline acceptance in 15 to 17 weeks! storage. The maincauses of quality loss in those products have been discolora- tion and rancidity. Fried portions made from blocks held in storage up to 22 weeks were found to be acceptable. Radiation Preservation ACCEPTANCE TESTS CONDUCTED FOR PETRALE SOLE FILLETS: Large-scale acceptance tests on radia- tion-pasteurized petrale sole fillets at Fort Lee, Va., were conducted on September 18 and 25, 1964, by the Seattle Technological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries. On both of those days, 300 servings of fish fillets irradiated at 0.3 me- garad and 300 servings of unirradiated (con- trol) fillets were judged for acceptability LEAD SHIELDING > DN taboahibity Sketch of irradiator pilot plant in Gloucester, Mass., adjacent to the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Labor- atory. The irradiator is a $600, 000 Atomic Energy Commission facility to show how the shelf life of fresh marine products may be extended. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 using the 9-point hedonic scale. That rating scale reflects varying degrees of "likes" and "dislikes'': 9 for "like extremely well" to 1 for "dislike extremely.'' The test samples were included as part of a regular meal to Army volunteers at Fort Lee. At the time of the tests, the irradiated fish fillet samples had been stored at about 33° F. for 3 and 4 weeks. Prior to the scheduling of the tests, petrale sole fillets were obtained from three differ- ent commercial fish-filleting plants, vaccuum- packed in No. 10 cans, and irradiated at 0.3 megarad. Those samples were frozen and shipped to the U.S. Army Research Labora- tories at Natick, Mass., for toxicity tests and to obtain clearance for the Fort Lee tests. Similar preference tests had been pre- viously conducted at the Seattle laboratory on irradiated petrale sole fillets. The irradiated Samples received preference scores that were generally in the same range as those given to the unirradiated samples. He ok ok ok Ok IRRADIATION OF FISH AT SEA PLANNED: The construction by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of a portable cobalt-60 research irradiator which can be used aboard fishing vessels was near completion this past September. This 14-ton irradiator charged with 25,000 curies of cobalt 60 will be capable of processing about 100 pounds of fish anhour at a level of 150,000 rads. Much of the quality loss in fishery products occurs after the fish are caught and before they are landed at the dock. Irradiation at sea will improve the general quality of landed fish whether it is to be sold fresh, frozen, or reirradiated for even further fresh shelf-life extension. Inan effort to carry out research in this area, AEC is planning to make this irradiator available to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for use aboard its exploratory fishing vessel Delaware, which operates out of Gloucester, Mass. When the irradiator is installed a- board the vessel, research will be carried out at sea to provide a basis for evaluating the potential of irradiation at sea. Notes: Rad = The quantity of ionizing radiation which results in the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material at the point of interest. Erg = Unit of energy. See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 35; Septem- ber 1963 p. 33. November 1964 Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, SEPTEMBER 1964: Item and Period + « «(1,000 Lbs. Heads-Off). . . November October September August | January-July | 53,269] 55,675] 44,441] 41,530] 58,521 | January-December ~ _ [138,254/105,839] 91,395]141,035 Quantity canned, Gulf States 1/: November als October September August January-Jul 8,496 11,089) 7,756] 14,836 frteuasy-Decereben] + | 28-408] 28.222) 14.600] 26,204 November 30 - 42,142) 27,500| 20,668] 37,264 October 31 = 37,418] 21,315) 17,811] 31,209 September 30 = 27,356} 12,843] 13,361] 24,492 August 31 21,952) 24,803] 12,754] 12,728] 20,171 July 31 24,315] 25,460] 13,677] 14,849] 17,397 June 30 25,546} 24,047] 13,796] 19,416] 15,338 May 31 28,082] 24,053] 13,904] 24,696] 17,540 Imports 3/: November 13,516 October 14,211 September 8,190 August 6,407 | January-July | 82,330] 81,487] 72,065] 63,803| 58,684 [anuary-December{ = _|151,590]41,103]126,200)113,418 -(¢/1b., 26-30 Count, Heads-Off). Ex-vessel price, all species, So. Atl. and Gulf Ports: November 52.3 84.5 73.5 54.0 October - 53.3 90.0 68.7 53.0 September 4/60-70 57.9 90.9 70.1 52.2 August 4/60-73 | 59.0 83.6 66.1 52.0 July 4/62-72 | 63.5 82.1 55.8 54.6 June ~ 66.0 77.0 84.4 53.7 64.1 May 61.1 80.9 83.7 52.8 62.9 April 60.0 83.6 82.2 55.4 60.6 Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-lb. pkg.), Chicago, I1l.: November = 71-78 | 105-110]89-92| 69-73 October = 67-75 | 108-115 |83-90] 69-73 September 79-83 | 73-77 | 113-118/|87-90] 65-70 August 78-84 | 75-81 |110-112/76-91| 64-67 July 80-85 | 77-97 > 70-75] 72-77 June 80-85 | 95-102] 102-104|67-72] 76-77 May 72-83 {100-103} 96-103|67-69] 74-77 April 72-74 {100-105} 94-97 |69-70} 74-75 Sa of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/lncludes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- reau of the Census. 4/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, ‘ex., only. Note: September 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 South Carolina FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS, JULY-SEPTEMBER 1964: A report on the progress of biological re- search by the Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wad- malaw Island, S.C., for July-September 1964, follows: Oyster Studies: Shortly after the begin- ning of the quarter, additional experiments were started on the feeding of oysters with carbohydrates. As in the other experiments, 125 uniform size oysters were put in each of a pair of 12 x 12-foot concrete tanks with the water level set so that they maintained about 1,800 gallons each, Approximately 1,200 gal- lons of new water was pumped into the tanks each week, In the experimental tank the 125 oysters were fed at the rate of a half poundof blackstrap mollasses to each 1,800 gallons of water (20 mg. per liter), The fed oysters gained weight rapidly during the first two weeks, but for the following month their gain in weight was very slight. Towards the last of the experiment the control oysters suffer- ed a high mortality. It has been suggested that this mortality may have been caused by Dermocystidium which, although not preva- lent in South Carolina, is known to occur there. During the period of the experiment the salin- ity in the tanks ranged from 16.2 p.p.t. (parts per thousand) to 25.3 p.p.t., and the tempera- ture from 25,0° C, to 33,0° C, (77°to 91.4° F.), This range of temperature is not conducive to the best oyster growth. Without disturbing the individual oysters, the experiments were reversed so that the control oysters, which had suffered the high mortality, were fed with mollasses and the experimental oysters were unfed, Mortality rates declined after reversing the feeding, In mid-August an additional experiment in feeding, this time using cracked rice, was initiated. The oysters fed with cracked rice in two weeks showed a higher increase in weight than those fed with molasses. During July almost 30 inches of rain fell over coastal South Carolina, This heavy rain- fall interfered seriously with the setting of oysters, The top foot of water in the creeks and rivers remained almost entirely fresh for long periods of time, excepting those areas very near the ocean, This condition either killed the young free-swimming oysters or 56 drove them to deeper waters of higher salin- ity. In any event, setting was practically nil. However, by mid-August setting again began on clean shell which had been placed in shell bags under the Laboratories! dock, For com- mercial planters this record-breaking rain- fall worked a serious hardship. Shell cultch planted prior to the rain was badly silted by rain and runoff roiling the water. Most oys- termen had not completed their shell-planting program prior to the onset of the rain. This will undoubtedly result in a low set of oysters and a smaller crop two years hence, Shrimp Studies: In March 1964, based on relative abundance of postlarval brown shrimp in plankton tows, Bears Bluff Laboratories predicted that the commercial shrimp harvest in June and July 1964 would be about the same as last year. The commercial landings of shrimp during June and July 1964 amounted to 1,273,000 pounds. For the same period last year the commercial shrimp catch was 1,278,000 pounds. Postlarval white shrimp were veryscarce in plankton tows in the inshore waters of South Carolina this quarter, This, coupled with a decided shortage in the number of white "roe" shrimp in May and June gave rise to predic- tions by Bears Bluff Laboratories that the 1964 commercial catch of white shrimp would be poor this year. Both experimental trawling and commercial catch statistics have borne out the correctness of these predictions. In the experimental trawls during this quarter the catch per unit of effort was almost the same as that for the same quarter of lastyear. The commercial catch for August 1963 was 515,532 pounds; for August 1964, 488,025 pounds. Compare this with the August 1960 catch of 1,157,221! A late run of white roe shrimp was noted in July and August of this year, and postlarvae resulting from the spawning of those shrimp began to show up in September in fair num- bers, along with postlarvae of the spotted shrimp (Penaeus duorarum),. The recruit- ment of those postlarvae was so late in the year that it is unlikely they will reach com- mercial size before the season closes in De- cember, but if those shrimp can survive the winter, the outlook for 1965 may be improved considerably, Finfish Studies: No major changes were noted in the abundance of commercial fish dur- ing the course of the Laboratories' survey COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Average Catch Per Unit of Effort at Eight Regular Shrimp I Survey Stations, July-September, 1960-1964 Brown White Croaker Shrimp Shrimp work. Croakers, which have become increas- ingly plentiful in coastal waters during the past five years, were of almost the same a- bundance during July-September of this year as during that period of 1963. Spot were al- so found to be almost as plentiful during the quarter as during 1963. Pond Cultivation: Experiments on the pond cultivation of shrimp continued during this quarter. Three ponds were treated with rotenone during July and the stocking and feeding of shrimp in the ponds was carried on through September. All ponds were to be drained and harvested during October 1964, Due to the scarcity of postlarval and juve- nile shrimp in coastal waters this year, the large one-acre ponds could not be stocked adequately, and a small harvest is expected. One of the one-acre ponds was allowed to stock naturally by tidal flow during the early spring and again in June and July. The re- maining one-acre pond was allowed to stock naturally also, but in addition was stocked by hand with 2,309 juvenile brown shrimp during June and July. A small 1/10-acre pond, however, was stocked heavily with juvenile and postlarval shrimp. Shrimp in that pond have been fed very heavily with chopped fish. During June- September the equivalent of over 1,000 pounds of food per acre was added. Experiments on feeding and productivity are also being carried out in 3,000 -gallon concrete tanks which have been stocked heav- ily with postlarval shrimp. One of those tanks was stocked with about 500 postlarval shrimp (the equivalent of 150,000 per acre) and those shrimp were fed heavily during June-Septem- ber (through September 1964 the equivalent of over 3,000 pounds per acre of chopped fish had been fed), The experiments should give useful information on growth rates, effects of feeding on mortality, and productivity. Experiments on the artificial breeding of shrimp were also continued during the quarter November 1964 with white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), The scarcity of white roe shrimp this year has hindered those experiments greatly, and to date no shrimp have been spawned in the re- cently acquired circular concrete tanks set up at the Laboratories for this purpose, Only about 12 roe shrimp were obtained for the ex- periments and of those only about half had well developed roe. None of the latter, however, were fertilized and so attempts at spawning were futile. Roe shrimp must be plentiful in coastal waters before any success at those experiments can be expected. The chance of collecting a mature shrimp which is fertilized and in exactly the right stage of roe develop- ment is slim unless a considerable number of specimens are available, The experiments will be carried on with brown shrimp, which normally spawn during the fall and winter. Shrimp of the genus Penaeus can withstand marked changes in salinity, but experimental work at Bears Bluff has indicated juvenile shrimp grow faster at high temperatures and high salinities. The excessive rainfall of July considerably lowered the salinity in the ponds. Actually, the excessive rainfall into the ponds and the greatly lowered salinity in the small creek from which the ponds get their water by tidal action should have reduced pond salini- ties to practically zero. However, construc- tion of the ponds is such that the decline in sa- linity was much less than would be expected. Each of the ponds has an overflow which takes waters from the ponds at the surface. Even with a 43-inch rainfall in 24 hours most of the rainwater remained on the surface of the pond and drained out through the overflow. On July 22, when 20 inches of rain had already fallen during the month, only the top 6 or 8 inches of the ponds were fresh, and in the one-acre ponds below a depth of 18 inches bottom salini- ty remained in the 20's, Gradually, of course, mixing does occur, but this goes on at a slow rate and high salinities can be maintained de- spite torrential downpours. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1964 p. 33. Tropical Atlantic RESULTS OF FISHERY-OCEANOGRA PHIC STUDIES IN GULF OF GUINEA: M/V ronimo Cruise III (January 15- May 15, 1964): Biological and oceanographic studies in the Gulf of Guinea as part of EQUAL- ANT III were completed in May 1964 by the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 oceanographic research vessel Geronimo, op- erated by the Washington, D. C., Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, The completion of this cruise ended the field phase of the International Co- operative Investigations of the Tropical At- lantic (ICITA), Results of the two warm-season surveys made by the Geronimo of the distribution of surface schools of tuna reveal that it is likely that the distribution of those schools is re- lated to upwelling-maturation processes as- sociated, at least in part, with interrelation- ships among surface currents and coastline configurations, Direct current measurements and other observations made during the EQUALANT III portion of the cruise, have amplified the probable existence of a westerly flowing subsurface current under the easter- ly flowing Guinea current. The analyses of stomach samples from tuna collected during this cruise have been completed, Difficulties in identifying the cephalopod component of tuna food were rec- onciled with the assistance of scientists of the University of Miami. Identification of scombrid larvae from EQUALANT Iwas completed this past June. Charts have been prepared showing the distribu- tion of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, black skip- jack, auxis, anda group of unidentified scombrid larvae, One interesting aspect was the broad distribution of black skipjack larvae in the pe- lagic waters of the Gulfof Guinea. Some of the larvae, hitherto unidentified, were tentatively identified at the Bureau's Biological Labora- tory, Washington, D.C., bya visiting Japanese scientist, as big-eyed and albacore. Tuna canneries in Puerto Rico have been visited by a Bureau scientist to arrange for the collection of catch data and biological sam- ples for those tuna caught in the tropical At- lantic and off the east coast of the United States. Those collections are being coordi- nated with those of the Inter-American Trop- ical Tuna Commission. Plans and schedules for Geronimo Cruise IV were completed this past August by scien- tists of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, The program will essentially be a re- peat of seasonal comparison of that carried out during Cruise III, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 24; April 1964 p. 47. ; er? 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-AUGUST 1964: The U. S. catch of fish and shellfish in 1964 mostly for the first 8 months (in some instances various periods through September 18) was down 190 million pounds as com- United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain Species for Periods Shown, 1964 and 1963 Total Species Period | 1/1964 1963 1963 piedsieneretel (Ls COORDS: -tetetaliena Cod: Maine 7 mos. 1,700 1,433 1,960 Mass. 2/ By" 18,300 22,879 31,475 Motaluc OGumcMsesesaanienen 20,000 Flounder: Maine 7 mos. 700 910 1,216 Mass. (37 60,700 61,249 91,876 Total flounder....... 61,400 62,159 93,092 Haddock: Maine 7 mos. 1,700 1,378 2,878 Mass, 2/ (},020 87,000 80,255] 106,075 Total haddock ....... 88,700 81,633] 108,953 Halibut: 3/ Alaska — 8 mos. 15,600 20,571 22,372 Wash, & Oreg. fy) 8,100 10,538 ae Total halibut 23,700 31,109| 34,243 Herring, Maine 24,100 68,148] 152,317 Industrial fish (Me, & Mass.) 4/ 21,900 40,493 47,897 Mackerel: Jack 5/ 39,800 45,850 98,078 Pacific 5/ 8,000 16,348 36,974 Menhaden 1,162,600 |1,323,642]1,779,500 Ocean perch: Maine 7 mos, 30,800 38,417 63,905 Mass. tc} ey 23,200 34,388 44,387 Total ocean perch ....- 54,000 72,805| 108,292 Pollock: Maine 7 mos. 700 1,803 2,489 Mass, 2/ Bee 6,000 5,732 10,727 Total pollock .......- 6,700 BS) 13,216 Salmon, Alaska Year 290,800 | 208,249] 209,000 Sardine, Pacific to Sept. 18 6,700 = 7,100 Scallops, sea, New Bedford (meats) 8 mos. 9,400 11,734 15,941 | Shrimp (heads-on): So, Atl. & Gulf 8 mos, 107,700| 120,000} 219,900 Tuna, Calif. to Sept. 12 210,700] 196,142) 285,285 19,700 12,976 15,942 33,300 47,185) 64,571 60,161 80,513 1/Preliminary. 2/Landed weight. 3/Dressed weight. 4/Excludes menhaden, 2,189,200 | 2,370,320|3,323,736 S/Cannery receipts. 437,000 445,881|1,426,409 2,626,200 | 2,816,201)4,750,145 6/Includes landings for species not listed. te: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell, and mollusks reported in meats only. Vol. 26, No. 11 pared with the same period in 1963. The decline occurred principally in landings of menhaden (down 161 million pounds) and Maine sea herring (down 44 million pounds), and to a less- er extent Atlantic ocean perch, shrimp, whiting, Pacific and jack mackerel, halibut, and salmon in Washington. There were increases in landings of salmon in Alaska, tu- na, haddock, and Pacific sardines, Based on the Alaska canned pack and sales to Japanese freezerships, Alaska salm- on landings amounted to approximately 291 million pounds--up 83 million pounds as compared with 1963. However, the in- crease in salmon landings in Alaska was offset by a sharp de- crease in Puget Sound landings. U.S. Fishing Vessels EMERGENCY MEDICAL HELP INSTRUCTIONS FOR FISHERMEN: Medical assistance available to fishing vessels in the three Pacific CoastStates and Alaska is described on cards being distrib- uted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries. However, the same medical assist- ance is available to all United States fishing vessels. U. S BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES California Area Pacific Region 1 Alaska Region 5 101 S. Seaside 6116 Arcode Bldg. P, O. Box 248) Terminal Island Seattle, Wash. 98101 Juneau, Aloska California MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE TO FISHING VESSELS The U, S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare through the Public Health Service Hospitals is available to render expert medical advice to the commercial fishing fleet in emergencies Involving serious Injury or illness to crew members while at sea. A radio telephone call from the Master of the vessel should be placed through the Marine Operator to the U. S. Public Health Service Hospital nearest the vessel's position. Hf difficulty Is experienced In reaching the Marine Operator, the urgent message code word “PAN” repeated three times (PAN — PAN — PAN) should be used to obtain priority. U. S. Public Health Service Hospitals within radio telephone range of fishing vessels operating out of Washington, Oregon, California, and Alaska are located at: 131 14th Avenue South, Seattle, Wash. 15th Avenve and Loke Street, San Francisco, Calif. Telephone: EAst 58000 Telephone: SKyline 2-1400 During normal business hours, 8:00 am to 4:30 pm weekdays, address colls to the OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT. Night, weekends, and holidays, oddress calls to the OFFICER OF THE DAY. The caller should be thoroughly Informed of oll circumstances pertinent to the patient's injury or illness. State ments should be confined to focts as found by examination of or related by the patient. Core should be taken not to omit pertinent Information. BEFORE PLACING THE CALL, OBTAIN ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND HAVE THIS INFORMA- TION AVAILABLE IN WRITTEN FORM FOR READY REFERENCE. |. PATIENT'S NAME AND AGE. . STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS. 1 2. 3. RESPIRATION RATE AND DIFFICULTY OR PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH BREATHING. 4. PULSE RATE, STRENGTH AND REGULARITY AND TEMPERATURE OF PATIENT. 5. 5. NATURE AND SPECIFIC LOCATION OF PAIN. IS PAIN DULL, SHARP, CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT, CONFINED TQ A SMALL AREA, OR i? CAUSE OF INJURY (BLOW, BURN, FALL, NATURE OF WOUND, CUTS OR BRUISES). . DETERMINE AMOUNT OF BLEEDING. |. DESCRIBE ANY DEFORMITY OR ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING ON THE PART OF THE PATIENT. . KNOW WHAT TREATMENT HAS BEEN GIVEN AND HOW THE PATIENT HAS RESPONDED, ). ARRANGE FOR CARE OF THE PATIENT UPON ARRIVAL AT PORT — GIVE ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL, AND STATE WHETHER AMBULANCE SERVICE IS NEEDED. ALWAYS STATE THE NAME AND RADIO CALL LETTERS OF YOUR VESSEL, ITS PRESENT LOCATION, AND ESTI MATED NUMBER OF HOURS FOR ARRIVAL AT DESTINATION. OPO passe Card describing medical assistance available to fishing vessels dis- tributed by certain U, S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries field offices. Only vessels of 5 net tons or more are eligible. November 1964 The cards--8 by 103 inches--are designed for display on fishing vessels so they may be referred to quickly in an emergency, The cards provide detailed instructions for the placing of radiotelephone calls to U.S. Public Health Service hospitals for advice in caring for seriously sick or injured persons at sea. In a joint announcement, the Bureau's Re- gional Directors at Terminal Island, Calif., Seattle, Wash., and Juneau, Alaska, said: "We hope the information on the cards will never be needed, but if it is, it is the sincere desire of the Bureau that it will be instrumen- tal in saving a life or aiding in the treatment of the sick or injured. We recommend that every fishing boat on the Pacific Coast and Alaska have one of the cards posted in the wheelhouse. ' The cards were distributed primarily through fishermen's associations, unions, and fish houses. They also may be obtained by writing to the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries at one of the following offices: 101 S, Seaside Avenue, Terminal Island, Calif.; 6116 Arcade Building, 1319 Second Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; or P.O. Box 2481, Juneau, Alaska, KK OK DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED: July 1964: During July 1964, a total of 56 vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing craft, as compared with 76 in July 1963, There were 41 docu- ments cancelled for fishing vessels in July 1964, as compared with 47 in July 1963. Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by] Tonnage and Area, July 1964 2/ Gross Chesa-| South Tonnage England} peake|Atlantic|Gulf| Pacific} Total . (Number) . WONUNWrWHO Note: For explanation of foomote, see table 4, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by ey let Laue ti: and Area, IASC EI fale 8 Hl 1964 2/ Length iT new, Chesa Gcome ioe Leal | in feet England| peake |Atlantic|Gulf] Pacific] Total . (Number). . 23 - 23.9 = 1 26 - 26.9 = 1 27 - 27.9 = 2 28 - 28.9 = 1 29 - 29.9 = 1 30 - 30.9 = 3 31 - 31.9 = 1 32 - 32.9 = 1 33 - 33.9 1 4 35 - 35.9 > 1 36 - 36.9 = 2 37 - 37.9 = 1 38 - 38.9 = 3 39 - 39.9 = 4 40 - 40.9 = = 1 41 - 41.9 = = 3 42 - 42.9 - = 2 43 - 43.9 = = 1 44 - 44.9 = = 1 45 - 45.9 2 = 1 49 - 49.9 = = 4 55 - 55.9 = = = 2 58 - 58.9 = = = 1 59 - 59.9 = = 1 60 - 60.9 = = = 1 61 - 61.9 = = = 1 62 - 62.9 = = = 1 63 - 63.9 = = = 1 65 - 65.9 = 2 = 5 66 - 66.9 = = = 2 67 - 67.9 = = 4 1 68 - 68.9 = = = 1 Note: For explanation of footmote, see table 4. Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, July 1§ 1964 with Comparisons Area rons eile yan it guty lip Total (Home Port) ee 1963 . (Number) . Issued first documents 2/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii Puerto Rico New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii pete ae nl peg real 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | Table 4- U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, July 19642/ New |Chesa-| South England] peake |Atlantic|Gulf|Pacific| Total . (Number) . 0 = - - - 1 1 = = - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 2 = = 2 2 = - - = 1 1 = - = 1 2 3 1 - = = = 1 = = - 1 2 3 1 - 1 4 3 9 - - - 2 3 5 - - - - 2 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 = - = 1 = 1 2 - 2 5 1 10 : - 1 1 = = 1 : - 1 - - 7 - - 3 1 - 1 sf i1flncludes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. 2/Includes 2 redocumented vessels in July 1964 that were previously removed from the records. Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 43 in 1964; 1 in 1963; 1 in 1962; 1 in 1960; and 10 prior to 1959. Souce: mthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Customs, U.S, Treasury Department, ES SS June 1964: During June 1964, a total of 72 vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first Table 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, June 1964 with Comparisons Total 1964 [1963 1964 ]1963 | 1963 Area (Home Port) ray Issued first documents 2/: New England 7 Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii Puerto Rico emoved from documenta- tion 3/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Total | ail ait yar] 220 | a6 Note: For explanation of foototes, see table 4. Vol, 26, No. 11 documents as fishing craft, as compared with 62 in June 1963. There were 31 documents cancelled for fishing vessels in June 1964, the same as in June 1963. Table 2 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Length and Area, June 1964 2/ Length New |Chesa~ South |Gulf|Pacific| Hawaii] Puerto|Total in feet England| peake |Atlantic Rico -(Number). 5 O 26 - 26.9 1 - - - 1 - - 2 27- 27.9] - - 1 - - - 1 28- 28.9] - - - 1 1 - - 2 29- 29.9] - - 1 1 4 - - 6 | 30 - 30.9] - - - - 1 - = 1 | 31- 31.9] - 1 - - 4 - - 5: 32 - 32.9 2 - - - 1 - - 3 33- 33.9] - - - 2 - - - 2 34- 34.9] - - - 1 - - - ih || 35- 35.9] - 1 - - 1 - - 2 | 36 - 36.9 1 - - - 1 - - 2 37 - 37.9 2 - - 2 - - 4 38 - 38.9] - - 1 - - - 1 40 - 40.9 1 1 - - - 1 - 3 41- 41.9] - - - 1 1 - - 2a 42- 42.9] - - - 1 - - 1 43- 43.9] - - - - 1 - - 1 44- 44.9] - - - 1 - - - 1 45- 45.9] - - - - 3 - - 3 46 - 46.9] - - - - 2 - - 2 48 - 48.9] - - 1 |- - - - 1 49 - 49.9 1 - - - 3 - - 4 | 51- 51.9] - - - 1 - - - 1 53-53.9| - - - 1 - - - 1 57- 57.9] - - - 1 - - - 1 60- 60.9] - - - 1 - - - 1 61-61.9] - - - 2 - - - 2 62- 62.9] - - - 2 - - - 2 63- 63.9] - - - 2 - - - 2 64-64.9| - - - 1 - - - 1 65-65.9| - - 2 7 - - - 9 67- 67.9] - - - 1 - - - 1 153 - 153.9 - - - - - - 1 1 Total 6 a Ee Ee Note: For explanation of footmote, see table 4. Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, June 1964 2/ Horse- New |Chesa-| South |Gulf|Pacific|/Hawaii|Puerto|Total Eng-| peake|Atlantic Rico and 60 - 1 70 - 1 80-89 = 4 97 = 1 100-109 1 - 7 110-119 = 4 130-139 = 3 140-149 = 3 160-169 = 1l 170 = 2 180 S 1 210 — 4 220-229 - 12 = 1 = 1 = 3 - 3 - 6 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 rome] =| «tel ] alata | November 1964 Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Tonnage and Area, June 1964 2/ Gross New |Chesa- Tonnage |England| peake South [Gulf |Pacific Puerto /Total Atlantic Rico -(Number), ° . iS BPR FORMwWapoa ~ ~ 11/Includes both commercial! and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. 2/Includes 2 redocumented vessels in June 1964 that were previously removed from the records. Vessels issued first documents as fish - ing craft were built: 60 in 1964; 2 in 1963; and 10 prior to 1954, '3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. urce: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Customs, U.S. Treasury Department. KOK OK OK Ok FISHERIES LOAN FUND AND OTHER FINANCIAL AID FOR VESSELS, JULY 1-SEPTEMBER 30, 1964: From the beginning of the program in 1956 through Septem- ber 30, 1964, a total of 1,532 loan applications for $40,944,229 were received by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Agency administering the Federal Fisheries Loan Fund. Of the total, 811 applications ($18,281,097) had been approved, 509 ($12,366,919) had been declined or found ineligible, 181 ($7,403,905) had been withdrawn by the applicants before be- ing processed, and 31 ($906,669) were pending. Of the appli- cations approved, 304 were approved for amounts less than ap- plied for. The total reduction was $1,985,639. The following loans were approved from July 1, 1964, through September 30, 1964: New England Area: Richard L, Spencer, Stonington, Maine, $5,000, and Clinton A. Babcock, Wakefield, R. I., $10,000. California: Giuseppe Pennisi, Pacific Grove, $25,000, and Donald R. Brown, Santa Rosa, $9,000. South Atlantic and Gulf Area: A, Irving Tormala, Fort Myers, Fla., $2,805; Elton S. Olier, Brownsville, Tex., $25,600; and Percy L. Wilhelm, Brownsville, Tex., $22,400. Pacific Northwest Area: Ralph I. Lund, Bainbridge Island, Wash., $40,363; Merrill W. Henington, Poulsbo, Wash., $55,000; Harvey A. Harbaugh & Walter E. Linney, Seattle, Wash., $56,249; John B. Iverson, Seattle, Wash., $28,000; Roy E. Johnson, Seattle, Wash., $7,400; Ernest T. Mathisen, Seattle, Wash., $20,000; and Edwin E. & Donald Reyburn, Seattle, Wash. $6,000. Alaska: John Goeres, Cordova, $15,000; Brechan Enterprises, Inc., Kodiak, $68,500; Sam E. Franklin, Kodiak, $4,917; Mar- garete von Scheele, Kodiak, $47,500; Carl A. Mills, Sitka, $12,000; and Robert I. Ditman & George W. Hillar, Valdez, $17, 600. Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program (also administered by the Bureau) during the third quarter of 1964, 5 applications for $351,637 were received and 1 applica- tion for $35,483 was approved. Since the program began (Ju- ly 5, 1960), 61 applications were received for $5,508,251. Of the total, 45 applications were approved for $3,005,504 and 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 applications for $1,805,131 were pending as of September 30, 1964. Since the mortgage program began, applications re- ceived and approved by area are: New England Area: Received 12 ($1,314,500), approved 8 ($775,365). California Area: Received and approved 1 ($557,000). South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 38 ($1,735,727), ap- proved 29 ($1,110,819). Pacific Northwest Area: Received 7 ($1,846,250), approved 4( »046), Alaska Area: Received 3 ($54,774), approved 3 ($54,774). The time for acceptance of applications for emergency fish- ery disaster loans to fishermen who had fishing vessels or gear lost or damaged in the Alaska earthquake and resulting tidal wave was extended by the Bureau from September 30 to October 31, 1964, % OK Xe OK OK NEW SMALL STERN-TRAWLER "CANYON PRINCE": Following trials in August 1964, the new small stern-trawler Canyon Prince was de- livered to its owners in Point Judith, R. I. The 64-foot vessel was built by the same firm in Warren, R.I., which pioneered the develop- ment of small automated stern-trawlers with the launching of the 83-foot varragansett in January 1963, An automated net-handling system is a prime feature of both vessels. A loaded net can be hauled on board the Canyon Prince by a single deckhand, as was demon- strated bya 17-year old girl during the ves- sel's trials. All hoists and winches are con- trolled from the pilothouse which overlooks the deck, The Canyon Prince has a maximum hold- ing capacity of 100,000 pounds of ice and fish, “Fig. - 1 New small stem-trawler Canyon Prince. Note the net drum midship. . 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ha R Ce ODI ReRNA Lam Fig. 2 - Young girl hauls in bull rope at deck capstan on Canyon Prince, in a demonstration of automated net-handling equipment requiring a single deckhand. a. CANYON j WARREN, Kesbaed Fig. 3 - Cod-end approaches Canyon Prince; balance of net to the left is hauled by net drun. Vol. 26, No. 11 WARREN, Rul, Fig. 4 - Cod-end comes over stern chute. Fig. 5 - Tripping cod-end closer used aboard the Canyon Prince. Power is provided by a Diesel engine of 340 horsepower whichdrives the vessel at a speed of 114 knots. Equipped with electronic fish- finding and navigating equipment, the vessel is particularly suited for trawling in marine canyons on the edge of the Continental Shelf. Being a western rig, it can be used for all types of fishing. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 34; May 1962 p. 32. E Zz November 1964 U. S. Foreign Trade AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MAY 1964: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in May 1964 were down 41.9 percent in quantity and 40.7 percent in value from those in the previous month due mainly to smaller shipments of shrimp from Venezuela. Total airborne shrimp imports in May 1964 consisted of 304,917 pounds of fresh and frozen raw headless and 16, 101 pounds of un- U. S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January- May 1964 with Comparative Data sea || i964 1963 Product and [May | Jan,-May | an,- Ma Origin 2/ Qty2/ JValue4/] Qty.3/ ]Values/ US$ 1,000 Fish: Portugal = Mexico 38.6 British Honduras 8.6 Honduras 4,0 Japan 8,2 United Kingdom a) 3,3 Iran 7.4 France 7.8 0.6 Israel 0,8 = Venezuela Let = Ireland 0,3 0.3 Denmark 0,4 = Canada 4,3 = Iceland 1.2 - Spain 1.4 s Shrimp: Guatemala 62.1 El Salvador 115.0 Honduras 11.9 Nicaragua 85.0 Costa Rica 137.3 Panama 389.6 Venezuela 941.4 Ecuador 32,7 France 0.9 British Guiana > Mexico 1.8 Spain ~ Total shrimp 321.0 ira mry Shellfish other than shrimp: Mexico = ~ 42.6 British Honduras = = 8 78.5 El Salvador = = e 3.6 Honduras 4.5 0.8 1 1.0 Nicaragua = = 5 49.3 Costa Rica = = 60.1 Jamaica : = 4 36.8 Netherlands Antilles = = — 20.9 Colombia = = = 15.8 Ecuador = - > 1.8 Tunisia = 3 = 0.9 British Guiana 5.9 1.6 14.5 0.3 Canada = 2 1.2 66.3 Venezuela = = > 6.0 Dominican Republic se 0.5 7.4 5.0 Bahamas = = 10,6 : Haiti 1.1 0.5 5.1 EF Other countries 0,2 0.3 0.4 af Total shellfish (excl, shrimp) 3.7 247.3) 165.4| 576.4) 391.0 Grand total 203.0 |2,950,1]1,465.5 | 4,345,8}2,239.7 1/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be United States imports and are included, But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade between United States possessions are not included. 2/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipments is shown. 3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture content. wi: ©. b. point of shipment. Does not include U.S. import duties, air freight, or insurance. te: These data are included in the overall! import figures for total imports, i. e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published. Se a States Airbome General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, May 1964, U.S. Bureau ol e Census. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 classified shrimp. About 95 percent of the airborne shrimp ar- rivals in May 1964 entered through the Customs District of Florida. The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orle- ans (La.), Galveston (Tex.), Los Angeles (Calif.), and New York (N. Y.). Airbome finfish imports in May 1964 consisted mainly of fish fillets from Mexico. Total airbome fishery imports in January-May 1964 were down 29.8 percent in quantity and 30.5 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. The decline was due to smaller ship- ments of shrimp and lobsters. The data as issued do not show the state of all products--fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products. OK OK A XK IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-August 29, 1964, amounted to 26,290,792 pounds (about 1,251,942 standard cases), according to preliminary data compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Customs. This was substantially less (21.3 percent) than the 33,425,128 pounds (about 1,591,673 standard cases) imported during Jan- uary 1-August 31, 1963. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the UnitedStates during the calendar year 1964 at the 125-percent rate of duty is limited to 60,911,870 pounds (or a- bout 2,900,565 standard cases of 48 7-oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that quota will be dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. a PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, JULY See ae United States imports of processed edible fishery products in July 1964 were up 25.3 percent in quantity and 12.6 percent in value from those in the previous month. In July there were much larger imports of groundfish fillets and blocks (increase mainly from Canada) and canned tuna in brine (increase mainly from Japan). Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in July 1964 were down 6.2 percent in quantity and 5.3 percent in val- ue, due mainly to smaller imports of groundfish blocks and canned tuna in brine. Imports were also down for canned crab meat, canned oysters, and canned salmon, But imports were up substantially for canned sardines not in oil, flounder fil- ets, sea catfish fillets, and ocean perch fillets, In January-July 1964, imports were up 3.4 percent in value from those in January-July 1963, but the quantity of the im- 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ports was almost the same for both periods. During January- July 1964, there was a sizable increase in imports of ground- fish fillets and blocks (increase mainly from Canada and Ice- land), flounder fillets, yellow pike fillets, and sea catfish fil- lets. But there was a considerable decline in imports of canned tuna, canned sardines not in oil, canned crab meat, and swordfish fillets. U. S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, a ee en eee | 1964 with Comparisons Item Say ea Stays alga ea 1964 [1963] 1964] iT 63 [1964] 1963 1964 11963 Fish & Shellfish: “Imports J Exports a. . . 1/Includes only those fishery products classified by the U.S. Bu- teau of the Census as ''Manufactured foodstuffs." Included are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving substantial processing, i.e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fil- lets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise processed). 2/Excludes fresh and frozen. Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in July 1964 were down 15.2 percent in quantity from those in the previous month, although the value of the exports was the same in both months. There was a sharp decline in exports of the lower-priced canned mackerel, and somewhat lower shipments of canned sardines and canned shrimp. Exports of canned salmon (principally to the United Kingdom) showed little change from the previous month. There was a Sharp increase in exports of canned squid due to larger shipments to Greece. Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in July 1964 were up 55.6 percent in quantity and 40.0 percent in value. Larger shipments this July of canned salmon and canned squid more than offset smaller shipments of canned shrimp, canned sardines not in oil, and canned mackerel. Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 7 months of 1964 were up 28.3 percent in quantity and 36.8 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. In January- July 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mack- erel. Shipments of canned salmon, canned sardines in oil, and canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned sardines not-in-oil and canned squid were down sharply. Notes: (1) Prior to October 1963, the data shown above were included in news articles on "U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products."' Before October 1963, data showing "U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and crude products. At present, a monthly summary of U.S. imports of crude or nonproc- essed fishery products is not available; therefore, only imports of manufactured or proc- essed fishery products are reported. The import data are, therefore, not comparable to previous reports of 'U.S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products, "' The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U, S. Exports of Edible Fishery Products." The export data in this series have always been limited to manu- factured or processed products. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 p. 41. Wages NEW MINIMUM WAGES FOR ONSHORE FISHERY WORKERS: Effective September 3, 1964, the minimum wage for onshore fishery workers, other than cannery workers, advanced to $1.15an hour, pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, as Vol. 26, No, 11 amended. The minimum wage for those on- shore fishery workers will rise to $1.25 per hour on September 3, 1965. Fish cannery workers have been subject to the $1.25 mini- mum wage rate since September 3, 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 104. Washington SURVEY OF FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF PUGET SOUND AND ADJACENT WATERS: A Fisheries and Wildlife Technical Com- mittee has been formed to make a compre- hensive study of Puget Sound and adjacent wa- ters in Washington State. The fish and wild- life study is part of a comprehensive Federal- State review of Puget Sound in which water and associated land resources will be exam- ined to develop a multipurpose plan to meet short and long-term needs of the region, The Committee will consider all water re- source functions including hydroelectric pow- er generation, fish and wildlife conservation and development, irrigation, flood control and drainage, recreation, navigation, and water quality control. The study is scheduled for completion in 1969 when a detailed report will be released. The Fisheries and Wildlife Technical Com- mittee includes representatives from the Washington State Department of Fisheries, the Washington State Department of Game, and the following Federal Agencies: Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, both of the Fish and Wildlife Service; Forest Service; Soil Conservation Service; Economic Research Service; Corps of Engineers; Bureau of Out- door Recreation; and the Public Health Serv- ice, Other Federal, state, county, and munic- ipal agencies and groups are expected to con- tribute materially to the overall study. The survey will include a study of fish and wildlife populations, distribution, and habitat; and a determination of commercial harvest and man days of fishing and hunting. An im- mediate task will be to determine basic fish and wildlife resource needs in specific basins and to alert water development agencies con- cerning protective and enhancement measures required in project planning. The primary emphasis during the first part of the study November 1964 will be onthe Nooksack, Skagit, and Snohomish River basins, Weather STORM WARNING BUOYS FOR GULF OF MEXICO: An open sea weather observation and warn- ing buoy was established in the Gulf of Mexico in mid-August 1964 by the U.S. Coast Guard, Known as the MAMOS (Marine Automatic Me- teorological Observing Station), the new sta- tion will enable the U.S. Weather Bureau to receive advance indications of dangerous storms. Made of aluminum, the unmanned buoy is 20 feet long, 12 feet wide, weighs 3} tons, and costs about $250,000. It is capable of oper- ating a full year without attendance, Power for the buoy's electronic equipment is sup- plied by storage batteries, charged by wind- driven generators, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 Weather measurements taken by the buoy are transmitted at regular intervals to inland receiving stations, Those measurements in- clude air and water temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed and direction, A second MAMOS was established in the Gulf of Mexico in late September 1964, Fu- ture plans call for a total of 45 of the storm warning buoys. Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, SEPTEMBER 1964: Wholesale prices for most fresh fish and shellfish were higher from August to September 1964 and the overall whole- sale price index for September rose 3.9 percent from the pre- vious month. At 109.5 percent of the 1957-59 average, the in- dex this September was 2.2 percent higher than in the same month of 1963. Prices for all of the major products in the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish were higher this Septem- ber than in the previous month and the index was up 11.6 per- cent. The only exception was Lake Superior whitefish with Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1964 with Comparisons Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Sa king, lge, & med., drsd., fresh or froz, Whitefish, L, Superior, drawn, fresh Yellow pike, L. Michigan & Huron, rnd,, fresh Fillets, haddock, sm, skins on, 20-1b, tins Shrimp, Ige. (26-30 count), iicadiess, fresh Oysters, shucked, standards Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish): Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1-1b, pkg. Haddock, smil,, skins on, 1-lb, pkg. Ocean perch, Ize., skins on 1-1b, pkg. Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5-lb, pkg. Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz,), 48 cans/cs, Tuna, lt, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 oz.), 48 cans/cs, Mackerel, jack, Calif,, No.1 tall (15 02z.), 48 cans/cs. Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 3-3/4 o: 100 cans/cs, Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish):. ......2... Siete: alls) oiin- ese Canned Fishery Products: . 2.» 2 «see eee e eee e Point of Avg. a 1/ Indexes Pricing (1957 -59=100) July | Sept 1964 | 1963 106.6 | 107.1 ating dts Dea bene . ona [aon | aogs aoa | 106. 9 36, 83.8 | 104 2 17 95.5 A 98.4 83.2 7.25 | 7.00 122,2 | 118.0 | 118,0 | 130.7 100.0 | 102,5| 97,4 hese 128 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which ‘the Loth of the month occurs, prices are p Products Reports’® should be referred to for actual prices, ublished as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW prices at Chicago down 9.5 percent. The more substantial price increases this September were for ex-vessel large had- dock (up 33.1 percent) at Boston and western fresh halibut (up 25.0 percent) at New York City. Fresh halibut from the seasonal Pacific Northwest fishery were scarce in September due to the lower catches throughout most of the season and closure of the main fishing areas. Halibut landings by the end of the 1964 season should be down better than 10 million pounds from the previous year. At New York City, prices for fresh dressed king salmon (up 5.4 percent) were higher than in August, and there was a smaller increase in prices for fresh round yellow pike. As compared with September 1963, the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish this September was 1.8 percent higher because of higher prices for haddock and western halibut. Those higher prices were offset by lower prices for the remaining items in the sub- group. Vol. 26, No. 11 The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish rose 6.3 percent from August to September and was higher than in September 1963 by 3.1 percent. Prices this Septem- ber for fresh haddock fillets at Boston increased 24.0 percent from the previous month as a direct result of higher ex-ves- sel haddock prices. South Atlantic fresh shrimp prices (up 6.6 percent) at New York City were considerably stronger in September and there was a price increase for shucked stand- ard oysters (up 25 cents a gallon) at Norfolk. As compared with September 1963, the subgroup index this September was 3.1 percent higher largely because of substantially higher prices for fresh shrimp and haddock fillets. Several price changes this September for items in the processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup did not affect the subgroup index which at 100 percent of the 1957-59 aver- age remained unchanged from the previous month, But the ‘index this September was 2.7 percent higher than in Septem- ber 1963. Frozen shrimp prices (up 0.6 percent) at Chicago in September were up only slightly from August. The small price increase for shrimp, however, cancelled out price de- clines for ocean perch fillets (down 3.3 percent) and flounder fillets (down 2.6 percent). Prices for frozen shrimp this September were up 6.0 percent and for haddock fillets were up 2.8 percent from September 1963. Although price changes occurred this September within the subgroup for canned fishery products, the index at 103.1 percent of the 1957-59 average was the same as in.August. Prices for canned Maine sardines were up 7.5 percent from the previous month (and 25.7 percent higher than in Septem- ber 1963). Supplies of canned sardines were low and the new season pack was far short of normal. Prices for canned pink salmon were down 2.3 percent from August to September be- cause of liberal supplies. As of the end of September 1964, the Alaska canned salmon pack was 3.5 million cases, of which 1.9 million cases were pinks. As compared with Sep- tember a year earlier, the subgroup index this September was 1.7 percent higher. September 1964 prices were up for all canned fish products except pink salmon (down 9.4 per- cent from September 1963). COPIES OF MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS STILL AVAILABLE A limited number of free copies of the following Market News Leaflets issued earlier in 1964 are still available and will be mailed on request as long as the supplies last: MNL- 5--Denmark's Fisheries, 1963, and 1964 Trends MNL- 8--Portugal's Fishing Industry, 1963 MNL-11--Fishing Industry in Spain, 1963 MNL-14--United Kingdom's Fishing Industry, 1959-1963 MNL-18--Panama's Fishing Industry, 1963 MNL-~23--Fisheries of Chile, Part II and Part II] - Central and South Chile, 1960-1962 MNL-23 (Supplement) --Fisheries of Chile, Part Il andPartII-- Central and South Chile, 1961-1963 (Statistics) MNL-26--Taiwan Fisheries in 1963 MNL-~32--Venezuelan Commercial Catch, Foreign Trade, and Major Developments for 1961-1962 MNL-40--Moroccan Fishing Industry, 1962-1963 MNL-44--Iceland's Fishing Industry, 1963 MNL-52--Menhaden Fish Oil Prices--New York City, 1953- 1963, and January 1964 MNL-57 --Fisheries in the Federal Republic of Germany, An- nual Survey 1962 MNL-87 --Survey of the Dominant Conditions Affecting the Development of the Cartagena Fishery (Colombia) MNL-88--Japan's Imports and Exports of Fisheries Products, 1961-1962 MNL-89--Peru: Fish Meal and Oil Report, 1963 For copies of any of these leaflets, write to the Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Rm. 510, 1815 N. Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Va. 22209. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 International NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION RESUMED TALKS IN OTTAWA: The third round ina series of talks between Canada, Japan, and the United States on the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean opened in Otta- wa, September 9, 1964. When ratified in 1953, the Convention had a guaranteed min- imum life of 10 years and, thereafter, until 1 year from the date on which any member should give notice of termination. No such notice has been given, but last year, at the request of Japan, two rounds of negotiations took place among the con- tracting parties. The first round was held in Washington in June and the second in Tokyo during September and October. During those meetings the Convention was reviewed to find a basis for resolving the different views developed as a result of the experience gained since 1953. Japan submitted a new draft convention which also was given consideration during the meetings. Progress towards an agreement was made during the first two rounds of talks, but a further meeting was considered nec- essary which, at Canada's invitation, was held in Ottawa. The United States Delegation to the Ottawa meeting was headed by Ambassador Benjamin A. Smith, and included Com- missioner Clarence F. Pautzke, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, William C. Herrington, Special Assistant for Fisheries and Wildlife to the Under Secretary of State, and Director Donald L. McKernan, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, as well as Congressional and other Advisers. On September 14, 1964, the U. S. Senate's President pro tempore appointed Senators Bartlett and Long to attend the meeting. President Johnson from the White House on September 4, 1964, issued this statement regarding the negotiations of the parties to the International Convention for the High Seas Fish- eries of the North Pacific Ocean: “‘The third round of negotiations with Canada and Japan on North Pacific fisheries problems is scheduled to begin in Ot- tawa on September 9, I have just received a report on the is- sues involved from Ambassador Benjamin A, Smith II, who will head the United States Delegation in these negotiations, The major problem with which the negotiations will deal is the revision of the existing international arrangements for the conservation and rational utilization of the fishery re- sources in the north Pacific Ocean, ‘‘Two earlier rounds of negotiations were held in Washing- ton and Tokyo last year. They made substantial progress to- ward full agreement. I hope the negotiations can be completed during the new round of discussions. ‘The primary objective of the United States in these nego- tiations is to protect the interests of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest in the North Pacific fisheries, which consist prin- cipally of salmon and halibut, The economy of these regions is heavily dependent upon the U. S. fisheries supported by these resources, The interests of the United States in these fishery stocks have been advanced by the International Con- vention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean. Basic to that Convention is the concept that in special situations, such as those exemplified by the North American salmon and halibut fisheries, where the countries participat- ing in the fisheries have built up and maintained the resources through major research and regulatory programs, other coun- tries should exercise restraints on their fishing of the type provided for in that Convention. This concept provides the in- centives necessary to the establishment and continuation of the conservation measures essential to the attainment, both now and in the future, of the maximum harvest of food for mankind. This will insure the conservation of important ma- rine resources and prevent irreparable damage to them through over-exploitation. This is in the common interest of Japan, Canada, and the United States. “Over the years we have made major contributions to the restoration and maintenance of the salmon and halibut fish- eries. For this reason, we have a special interest in them. We are determined to protect that interest, while giving every consideration to the legitimate interests of the other parties to the convention. I am confident that Ambassador Smith, who was the United States representative during the earlier dis- cussions, will effectively present our point of view, “| urge that the three delegations work out a solution that will permit the conservation of these resources for future generations, taking into account the unique circumstances surrounding the Convention and the interests of all parties tovit.** Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 54; June 1963 p. 57. 2 OK OK OK JAPANESE FISHING INDUSTRY POSITION ON NEGOTIATIONS: The Japan-United States-Canada Special Committee of the Japan Fisheries Society, at a meeting on August 2, 1964, in Tokyo, formu- lated the Japanese fishing industry's position on the North Pacific Fisheries Convention re- negotiation talks in Ottawa. The talks began September 9, 1964. Gist of the industry's recommendations submitted to the Japanese Fisheries Agency Director is as follows: (1) To maximize utilization of the fishery resources of the high seas, the resources (placed under abstention) should be released, and the obligation for joint conservation of such resources should be assumed on an equal footing. (2) Any arrangement which would result in the exclusive utilization of fishery resources by the coastal country inform or in fact must be absolutely opposed. . 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): (3) Industry's consistent desire is to abol- ish the abstention principle in fact and not j merely to eliminate it as an expression of term in the text of the Treaty. The meeting was attended by over 20 per- sons (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, September 3, 1964.) The Japanese Fisheries Agency Director at a press conference on September 1, told reporters that he anticipated difficulties in the Ottawa talks to renegotiate the North Pa- cific Fisheries Convention. He stated that so long as the contracting parties stand opposed on the interpretation of resources, progress cannot be achieved. He pointed out the impor- tance of guiding the discussions on a practi- cal basis, and for this purpose felt that all parties should submit their substitute propos - als (Minato Shimbun, September 2, 1964.) KOK KKK JAPANESE PRESS REACTION TO TALKS: The following are reactions printed by the Japanese press to the third round in a series of talks between Canada, Japan, and the United States on the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean. The talks opened inOttawa, September 9, 1964. (1) Discriminatory treatment forced upon Japan during the period of occupation must be eliminated. The North Pacific Fishery Trea- ty and the United States-Japan Aviation Agree- ment were cited as discriminatory. Attention was being focused on the Ottawa meeting be- cause of similarity in nature to the United States-Japan aviation talks which ended in deadlock when the United States was unwilling to give up special rights and interests obtain- ed during the period of occupation. (2) Japan should not agree to the principle of historic fishing rights advocated by the United States at the Tokyo meeting in 1963, which is tantamount to monopolistic division of fishery resources by specific countries, i.e., the United States and Canada. The his- toric rights principle is more objectionable than the principle of abstention because it closes the door indefinitely to Japanese fish- ermen whereas under the abstention principle the possibility does exist to fish underutilized stocks of fish. Vol. 26, No. 11 (3) Japan should not approve United States demands for unilateral self-restraint in the fisheries of the Northeastern Pacific. (4) Unwillingness on the part of the United States to compromise its stand on vested fish- ery rights, together with the President's an- nouncement to protect United States interests in the North Pacific fisheries, places unneces- sary strain on friendly relations between Ja- pan and the United States. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA NEW CONVENTION APPROVED AT CONFERENCE IN COPENHAGEN: A new Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was considered and agreed upon by represent- atives of member Governments of that organ- ization at a conference in Copenhagen, Sep- tember 7-12, 1964. The Governments repre- sented at the Conference were Belgium, Den- mark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Neth- erlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, the U.S.S.R., and the United Kingdom. Neither ICES nor its personnel have had the usual international status of an organiza- tion of its type. The new Convention is in- tended to correct those problems; it describes the purpose of ICES and outlines organization- al and financial procedures. The new Convention shall be open until De- cember 31, 1964, for signature on behalf of the Governments of all States which partici- pate in the work of ICES. The new Convention shall enter into force on July 22 next follow- ing the deposit of instruments of ratification or approval by all signatory Governments. Under certain conditions, the new Convention may also be placed in force if at least three- fourths of the signatory Governments deposit instruments of ratification or approval by Jan- uary 1, 1968. Following is the text of the new Convention, as agreed upon September 12, 1964: Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ‘PREAMBLE. The Governments of the States Parties to this Con- tion Having participated in the work of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, which was estab- November 1964 International (Contd.): lished at Copenhagen in 1902 as a result of conferences held in Stockholm in 1899 and in Christiania in 1901 and entrusted with the task of carrying out a program of in- ternational investigation of the sea Desiring to provide a new constitution for-the afore- said Council with a view to facilitating the implementa- tion of its program Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE 1 It shall be the duty of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, hereinafter referred to as the ''Council," (a) to promote and encourage research and investi- gations for the study of the sea particularly those related to the living resources thereof; (b) to draw up programs required for this purpose and to organize in agreement with the Contract- ing Parties, such research and investigation as may appear necessary; (c) to publish or otherwise disseminate the results of research and investigations carried out under its auspices or to encourage the publication thereof. ARTICLE 2 The Council shall be concerned with the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas and primarily concerned with the North Atlantic. ARTICLE 3 (1) The Council shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, (2) The seat of the Council shall remain at Copen- hagen, ARTICLE 4 The Council shall seek to establish and maintain working arrangements with other international organ- izations which have related objectives and cooperate, as far as possible, with them, in particular in the sup- ply of scientific information requested. ARTICLE 5 The Contracting Parties undertake to furnish to the Council information which will contribute to the pur- poses of this Convention and can reasonably be made available and, wherever possible, to assist in carrying ba the programs of research coordinated by the Coun- cil. ARTICLE 6 (1) Each Contracting Party shall be represented at the Council by not more than two delegates. (2) A delegate who is not present at a meeting of the Council may be replaced by a substitute who shall have all the powers of the delegate for that meeting. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 (3) Each Contracting Party may appoint such experts and advisers as it may determine to assist in the work of the Council. ARTICLE 7 (1) The Council shall meet in ordinary session once a year. This session shall be held in Copenhagen, un- less the Council decides otherwise. (2) Extraordinary sessions of the Council may be called by the Bureau at such place and time as it may determine and shall be so called on the request of at least one-third of the Contracting Parties. ARTICLE 8 (1) Each Contracting Party shall have one vote in the Council. (2) Decisions of the Council shall, except where other- wise in this Convention specially provided, be taken by a simple majority of the votes cast for or against. Ifthere is an even division of votes on any matter which is sub- ject to a simple majority decision, the proposal shall be regarded as rejected. ARTICLE 9 (1) Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the Council shall draw up its own Rules of Procedure which shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Con- tracting Parties. (2) English and French shall be the working languages of the Council. ARTICLE 10 (1) The Council shall elect from among the delegates its President, a first Vice-President, and a further 5 Vice Presidents. This last number may be augmented by a decision taken by the Council by a two-thirds ma- jority. (2) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall as~ sume office on the first day of November next following their election, for a term of three years. They are eli- gible for reelection according to the Rules of Procedure. (3) On assuming office the President shall cease forth- with to be a delegate. ARTICLE 11 (1) The President and Vice-Presidents shall together constitute the Bureau of the Council. (2) The Bureau shall be the Executive Committee of the Council and shall carry out the decisions of the Council, draw up its agenda, and convene its meetings. It shall also prepare the budget. It shall invest the re- serve funds and carry out the tasks entrusted to it by the Council. It shall account to the Council for its ac- tivities. ARTICLE 12 There shall be a Consultative Committee, a Finance Committee, and such other committees as the Council may deem necessary for the discharge of its functions with the duties respectively assigned to them in the Rules of Procedure. 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): ARTICLE 13 (1) The Council shal] appoint a General Secretary on such terms and to perform such duties as it may deter- mine. (2) Subject to any general directions of the Council, the Bureau shall appoint such other staff as may be re- quired for the purposes of the Council on such terms and to perform such duties as it may determine. ARTICLE 14 (1) Each Contracting Party shall pay the expenses of the delegates, experts, and advisers appointed by it, except in so far as the Council may otherwise deter- mine. (2) The Council shall approve an annual budget of the proposed expenditure of the Council. (3) In the first and second financial years after this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 16 of this Convention, the Contracting Parties shallcon- tribute to the expenses of the Council such sums as they respectively contributed or undertook to contribute, in respect of the year preceding the entering into force of this Convention. (4) In respect of the third and subsequent financial years, the Contracting Parties shall contribute sums calculated in accordance with a scheme to be prepared by the Council and accepted by all the Contracting Par- ties. This scheme may be modified by the Council with the agreement of all Contracting Parties. (5) A Government acceding to this Convention shall contribute to the expenses of the Council such sum as may be agreed between that Government and the Coun- cil in respect of each financial year until the scheme under paragraph 4 provides for contributions from that Government. (6) A Contracting Party which has not paid its con- tribution for two consecutive years shall not enjoy any rights under this Convention until it has fulfilled its fi- nancial obligations. ARTICLE 15 (1) The Council shall enjoy, in the territories of the Contracting Parties, such legal capacity as may be a- greed between the Council and the Government of the Contracting Party concerned. (2) The Council, delegates and experts, the General Secretary, and other officials shall enjoy in the terri- tories of the Contracting Parties such privileges and immunities, necessary for the fulfillment of their func- tions, as may be agreed between the Council and the Government of the Contracting Party concerned. ARTICLE 16 (1) This Convention shall be open until 31st Decem- ber, 1964, for signature on behalf of the Governments of all States which participate in the work of the Coun- cil, Vol. 26, No. 11 (2) This Convention is subject to ratification or ap- proval by the signatory Governments in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The instru- ments of ratification or approval shall be deposited with the Government of Denmark, who will act as the deposi- tory Government. (3) This Convention shall enter into force on the 22nd July next following the deposit of the instruments of ratification or approval by all signatory Governments. If, however, on the lst January, 1968, all the signatory Governments have not ratified this Convention, but not less than three quarters of the signatory Governments have deposited instruments of ratification or approval, these latter Governments may agree among themselves by special protocol on the date on which this Convention shall enter into force and on other related matters; and in that case this Convention shall enter into force with respect to any other signatory Government that ratifies or approves thereafter, on the date of deposit of its in- strument of ratification or approval. (4) After the entry into force of this Convention in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, the Gov- ernment of any State may apply to accede to this Con- vention by addressing a written application to the Gov- ernment of Denmark. It shall be permitted to deposit an instrument of accession with that Government after the approval of the Governments of three quarters of the States which have already deposited their instru- ments of ratification, approval, or accession has been notified to the Government of Denmark. For any acced- ing Government this Convention shall enter into force on the date of deposit of its instrument of accession. ARTICLE 17 At any time after two years from the date on which this Convention has come into force, any Contracting Party may denounce the Convention by means of a no- tice in writing addressed to the Government of Denmark. Any such notice shall take effect 12 months after the date of its receipt. ARTICLE 18 When the present Convention comes into force it shall be registered by the depository Government with the Secretariat of the United Nations Organization in accordance with Article 102 of its Charter. FINAL CLAUSE IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized have signed the present Convention: DONE at Copenhagen this twelfth day of September 1964, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of Denmark who shall forward certified true copies to all signatory and acceding Governments. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1964 p. 51. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC RATIFIES CONVENTION: The instrument of ratification by the Do- minican Republic of the Conventiononthe Ter- November 1964 International (Contd.): ritorial Sea and Contiguous Zone was deposited on August 11, 1964. The ratification entered into force on September 10, 1964. The Convention was formulated at the Unit- ed Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea at Geneva on April 29, 1958. FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY-JUNE 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza- tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Produc- tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu- ary-June 1964 were up substantially from the same period of the previous year. Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-June 1963-1964 od a . (1,000 Metric Tons) . Africa (including S.-W. Africa). ... Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-June 1963-1964 Shs 1 wel dal oe ame i .(1,000 Metric Tons) 1/ eae Caen ad . 73.5 CSIC ORR RRC CCC . 87.2 99.8 45.1] 132.2 a viele eee 869.6] 700.9/1,159.2 So. Africa (including S.-W. Africa) 1/Data not available. Chile became a member of FEO at the end of 1963. During the first 6 months of 1964, Peru accounted for 67.5 percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO countries, followed by Norway with 9.5 percent, South Africa with 9.4 percent, Chile with 6.4 percent, Iceland with 4.6 percent, and Angola with 2.6 percent. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Eu- rope, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 11, 1964.) % OK OK OK Ok WORLD PRODUCTION, JUNE 1964: World fish meal production in June 1964 held steady at about the same level as in the previous month, according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers. Compared with the same month in the previous year, world fish meal production in June 1964 was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 up about 7 percent due mainly to higher output in Chile, Ice- land, the United States, and Angola. World fish meal production in the first 6 months of 1964 was considerably above that in the same period of 1963. The increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru which accounted for about 56 percent of world output during January-June 1964, Higher production during January-June 1964 was also reported in Norway, South Africa, Chile, Ice- land, and Angola. The increase was partly offset by lower production in Canada, Denmark, and the United States. Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table). World Fish Meal Production by Countries, January-June 1963-1964 Jan.-June (Canada.....++-+- 5,533 5,966 21,934 37,910 Denmark ......- 11,776 11,485 41,850 47,444 EeNANCE! Uatete «p60 « 1,100 1,100 6,600 6,600 German Fed. Rep 5,727 5,821 37,277 38,949 Netherlands ... .- 600 300 3,500 2,000 Spain .....222e- 1/ 1/ 1/ 10,869 Sweden.......- “238 “324 3,666 3,107 United Kingdom 6,471 6,656 40,283 38,849 United States... . | 39,548 | 2/31,620 76,160 | 2/82,590 Angola........ 5,795| 2,288 | 2/30,542 13,462 Iceland "F000 <0. . « 17,210 4,754 | ~ 52,879 39,568 Norway .....--. 13,787 19,469 99,835 44,488 Persian ee ake 59 869,682 701,507 So. Afr. (incl. S.-W. Africa) 163,593 147,997 HUM, 52 ce 2,250 2,250 Bees ald) ae 90,980 | 2/67,797 ble val aim)" 1/ 3/4,060 | ~ 1/ ater 1,285,387 1/Data not available. 2/Revised. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT BUREAU MEETING OF FISHERIES COMMITTEE HELD: A Bureau meeting of the Fisheries Com- mittee, Organization for Economic Coopera- tion and Development (OECD), was held on September 7, 1964, in Paris, France. The purpose of the Bureau meeting was to consid~ er and approve the draft 1965 program on be- half of the full committee. The meeting was attended by the U. S. Regional Fisheries At- tache for Europe, United States Embassy, Co- penhagen. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION FISHERY TRAINING CENTER TO BE BUILT IN SOUTH KOREA: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is scheduled to build a fishery training center in Pusan, Korea, as part of FAO's five- year technical development assistance pro- . 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): gram for the Republic of Korea. The center, to be financed by the U.N. Special Fund, will train 30-40 Korean fishery technicians each year. Two training vessels (one 200-ton tuna vessel and one 150-ton trawler) will be used by the center, and bid invitations for their construction are expected to be sent to Japa- nese firms. (Suisancho Nippo, August 22, 1964.) WHALING SOVIETS PROPOSE CONFERENCE FOR REVISION OF ANTARCTIC CATCH ALLOCATION: The Soviet Union is reported to be dissat- isfied with the reduction in her whale catch quota for the 19th International Antarctic Whaling Expedition, which begins in December 1964, and proposed this past fallthat the three whaling countries--Japan, U.S.S.R., and Nor- way--hold a conference to revise the present catch allocation. A catch quota of 8,000 blue-whale units was informally agreed to by Japan, Norway, the Soviet Union, and the Netherlands this year, Since the International Whaling Com= mission, which met in Sandefjord, Norway, in June 1964, failed to reach agreement on the catch quota for the 19th Antarctic Whal- ing Expedition. The Netherlands, however, sold her whale factoryship Willem Barendsz (26,830 gross tons) and her six-percent in- ternational whale catch quota to Japan in Au- gust this year. Thus, the number of countries participating in the 1964/65 Antarctic Whaling Expedition was reduced to three. Their catch quotas are: Japan 4,160 blue-whale units (52 percent); Norway 2,240 units (28 percent); Soviet Union 1,600 units (20 percent). Reportedly, the Soviet Union, which plans to operate 4 fleets, considers her catch share insufficient and seeks a quota increase to a- round 2,000 blue-whale units. She claims that the catch quota allocation and the observ- er system adopted in 1962, when there were 5 nations participating in the Antarctic whal- ing expedition, need to be revised since there are now only 3 nations engaged in whaling. Japan's position is that the 1962 agreement is effective for another two years and it was on that basis that she purchased the Dutch whale factoryship and that factoryship's six- percent international catch quota. Vol. 26, No. 11 Informed observers in Japan foresee pos- sible Soviet withdrawal from the 1962 agree- ment. Japan fears that this would disrupt ord- erly whaling operations and would result ina free-for-all competition, to the detriment of the Antarctic whale resources. Moreover, she considers that such a move by the Soviet Union would render meaningless the high price Japan has paid for the Dutch whale fac~- toryship and her catch quota. Therefore, should a meeting of the three whaling nations be called, as requested by the Soviet Union, Japan is expected to strongly insist upon re- taining her 52-percent catch quota. (Suisan Tsushin, September 16; Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, September 11, 1964; and other sources.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 54; August 1964 pp. 52, 76; April 1964 pp. 62, 66. Argentina FISHERIES TRENDS, 1963-1964: Landings in 1963: Argentina's commercial fishery landings in 1963 amounted to122,308 metric tons with an ex=vessel value of 1,170 million pesos (US$8.5 million). Compared with 1962 landings of 92,326 tons valued at 806 million pesos ($7.1 million), the 1963 landings increased 33 percent in quantity and 364 million pesos in value. (A comparison of the U. S. dollar value of the landings for the two years, however, is not a true comparison because the Argentine peso depreciated from an average dollar value of 113.3 pesos in1962 to an average of 137.8 pesos to the dollar in 1963.) In 1963 there was expansion in practically all segments of the Argentine fishery indus- try. It was a peak year for commercial fish- ing, production of processed fishery products and byproducts, and exports. Continued prog- ress was anticipated for 1964, with estimates of fishery landings placed at about 200,000tons. The record commercial fishery landings for 1963 were due to a number of reasons among which are included: (1) the increased capacity and demand of freezing and packing plants, especially for fish fillets for export; (2) the growing demand in the domestic mar- ket and abroad for fish meal, and the expand- ed plant capacity in Mar del Plata for proc- essing it; (3) the reactivation of the anchovy, horse mackerel, and tuna-canning industry; and (4) the increased tonnage of the deep-sea fishing fleet. November 1964 Argentina (Contd.): Fig. 1 - Map of Argentina showing extensive Continental Shelf. Fishing Fleet: The Argentine maritime fishing fleet operating in 1963 consisted of 38 deep-sea trawlers manned by some 450 crew members. During the year those vessels made 1,697 trips and caught 57,280 tons of fish, about 90 percent of which was whiting (merluza). In addition, an inshore coastal fleet of 313 vessels and 25 other small craft with a total of about 1,600 crew members landed 53,039 tons (mostly anchovies and mackerel). The commercial fresh-water fish catch in 1963 amounted to 11,988 tons, mostly shad, smelt, and several other species. Fig. 2 - Shrimp fishing vessels docked at the Mar del Plata port (Buenos Aires Province). Utilization of Fishery Catch: Of the total 1964 fishery landings of 122,308 tons, about COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 43,000 tons went into fresh (iced) fish consump- tion and the remainder was used for manufac - turing processed fishery products and byprod- ucts valued at about 2,399 million pesos ($17.3 million), Included were canned fishand shell- fish (13,264 tons); chilled and frozenfish and shellfish (14,852 tons --mostly"' whiting,’ round, dressed, fillets); fish meal (8,055 tons); and fish oil(1,199tons). Rapid growth was indicated in 1963 inthe canning, freezing, and fish-meal- producing segments of the industry. Fig. 3 = Unloading and packing fish at Mar del Plata. Fish Meal: Argentina's fish meal pro- duction more than doubled in 1963 as com- pared with the previous year, and another substantial increase is anticipated for 1964. By 1963 there were 5 major fish meal plants operating in Mar del Plata with a total an- nual capacity of some 12,000 tons, and plans were under way for the construction of 6 more plants. A significant increase in fish meal production for use as poultry feed was expected as a result of two meatless days a week initiated by the government. Also, there have been some experiments in the produc - tion of fish flour for human consumption us- ing a freeze-drying process. Foreign Trade: In 1963 Argentina switch- ed from its former position of net importer of fishery products to that of net exporter. Argentine exports of fishery products and by- products increased in 1963 to 7,353 tons val- ued at $1.2 million from 2,532 tons witha value of $391,884 in 1962, An additional 1,458 tons of ocean seaweed (valued at $287,713) was ex- ported in 1963, as compared to 992 tons worth $204,710 in 1962. Argentine imports of fish- ery products and byproducts in 1963 dropped to to 2,361 tons (value $835,039) from 2,560 met- ric tons (value $1,022,014) in 1962. The two most important fishery exports in quantity and value were frozen fish--2,768 tons worth . 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Argentina (Contd.): $707,841 in 1963, over half of which went to Spain, and fish meal (3,978 tons valued at $396,552), principally to West Germany. Argentine exports to the United States in 1963 were: 244 tons of frozen fish valued at $116,397 and 1 ton of seaweed valued at $200. In 1962, exports to the United States consist - ed of 331 tons of frozen fish valued at $133,312, and a very small quantity of can- ned fish. Argentina imported only a very small quantity of canned fish, caviar, and some other prepared fish products from the United States in 1963 and 1962. va Fig. 4 - Result of a one-hour groundfish drag by Argen- tine fishing vessel at 120 fathoms--latitude about 42nd south parallel, Fishery Resources Potential: The Argen- tine Continental Shelf covers an area of near- ly 400,000 square miles. International fish- ery experts believe it abounds in marine spe- cies of commercial value, especially in the zone between parallels 38° and 44° south where the Antarctic and Equatorial currents converge. Argentine Government officials Vol. 26, No. 11 estimate potential fishery yields as high as four million tons annually. Actual exploita- tion has never measured more than a small fraction of that amount. Nevertheless, Gov- ernment officials believe that in view of the short distance of the underexploited fisheries resources from Argentine fishing ports, ade- quate capital investment for expanding the national commercial fishing fleet and indus- try would place Argentina in a highly advan- tageous export position. Moreover, it has been argued that, with increased domestic consumption of fish, a corresponding amount of meat products could be diverted into the export market. Developments in 1964: When in the first half of 1964 there developed a shortage of do- mestic beef and constantly increasing beef prices, renewed attention was given to Argen- tina's underutilization of the rich fishery re- sources off its continental shores, and to the fact that Argentina has one of the lowest aver- age per capita fish consumption rate in the world (2.7 kilograms or about 6 pounds edi- ble weight in 1963). Significant developments affecting the Argentine fishing industry in 1964 were: 1. In June the Argentine Central Bank an- nounced that, as the first step in an overall promotion scheme for the fishing industry, it would make available, through rediscounts to the Bank of the Nation and the Industrial Bank, credits totaling 709 million pesos @bout $5.1 million) to finance the construction of fishing trawlers, modernization of the canning and freezing/chilling industry plant and equip- ment, the acquisition of refrigerated storage facilities and transport, and the installation of modern fish markets. Promotion credits for the fishing industry, especially in the com- mercialization sector, also were expected to be released by the Provincial Bank of Buenos Aires, 2, As an emergency measure to deal with the short supply of fishing vessels, the Execu- tive Branch issued Decree 4,508/64 of June 17, 1964, establishing one-year authority for Argentine-chartered trawlers under LAFTA- country registry (primarily Peruvian and Chilean) to engage in deep-sea fishing outside Argentina's jurisdictional waters, and accord- ing national treatment to fish catches by those vessels. The Argentine Government received offers from Spain, Japan, and Yugoslavia to supply fishing vessels in exchange for Argen- November 1964 Argentina (Contd.): tine meat and agricultural products. However, a Government proposal to modify existing legislation protecting the Argentine shipbuild- ing industry met with such stiff opposition from the local shipbuilding associations that the project was temporarily shelved. About 15 fishing vessels newly constructed had been expected to be operating in 1964 but only a- bout 7 of them will be completed this year. 3. The presence of foreign fishing fleets (principally Japan and the U.S.S.R., but also of several West European nations, Brazil, and Uruguay) in the deep-sea fishing areas off the Argentine coast was cited by the Exe- cutive Branch as partial justification for re- cently submitting to Congress a draft law which would (1) extend the present 3-mile limit of Argentina's territorial sea to 6 miles, and (2) declare exclusive Argentine sover- eignty, and thereby the applicability of Argen- tine police and customs powers, over the en- tire contiguous Continental Shelf and epicon- tinental water, and declare exclusive rights to exploring and exploiting the natural re- sources (including fish) in that extensive area. 4, Increasing retail fish prices were re- cently studied by the National and Buenos Aires Municipal authorities. They were termed unjustifiable and the result of a pro- ducers! ''fish monopoly" in Mar del Plata artificially reducing output and of wholesalers in Buenos Aires exacting enormous profit margins. Price controls were subsequently applied by the government. In order to in- crease fish consumption, the Buenos Aires Municipality committed itself to construct fish stands in lower-income neighborhoods for the sale of fish at ''reasonable" prices. 5. The presentation to the Argentine Con- gress of an Executive Branch proposal for a comprehensive law promoting and protecting all aspects and sectors of the Argentine fish- ing industry was expected. (United States Embassy, Buenos Aires, August 20, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 45; De= cember 1963 p. 54; November 1963 p, 54. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 Australia FACILITIES EXPANDED TO HANDLE INCREASED TUNA CATCH: To cope with the growing Australian tuna catch, a fishermen!'s cooperative in South Australia is expanding its activities in Vic- toria and New South Wales. The cooperative's general manager announced that his organiza- tion, together with a Melbourne firm, is taking over a large Melbourne fish cannery. Hesaid they also would build brine tank fish-holding facilities at Eden in New South Wales to allow tuna to be handled in good condition at Eden and transported to Melbourne for canning. The Melbourne cannery is capable of freez- ing 100 metric tons of tuna every 36 hours, and will hold in cold storage more than 300 tons. Arrangements have also been made with a public cold-storage plant in Melbourne to store much larger quantities. The firms involved will form a subsidiary company to operate the Melbourne cannery, handling bluefin tuna from Eden, skipjack from Victoria, and Victorian-caught ''salmon"' and barracouta. = MULE _ Stern view of Australian tuna clipper, showing fishing racks and live-bait tanks. Spotting plane fitted with floats on top of tanks, The brine-tank facilities at Eden will have a capacity of 100 tons. At the end of the New South Wales season, the tanks, which are mo- 76 Australia (Contd.): bile, will be transported to Port Lincoln, South Australia, where they will be used to handle the increasing tuna catch there. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, July 1964.) KOK KK OK JOINT VENTURES WITH JAPANESE IN SHRIMP FARMING AND TUNA FISHING IN AUSTRALIA CONSIDERED: The shrimp-rearing methods developed in Japan impressed fishery officials of the West- ern Australian State Government when they visited the island of Shikoku, Japan, in mid- 1964. The Western Australian Minister for Fisheries said on his return to Australia that in view of the uncertainty of shrimp stocks at Shark Bay it might be worthwhile to introduce shrimp farming to Western Australia. At Takamatsu on the island of Shikoku, the Australian officials held discussions with a Japanese scientist who helped develop the technique of shrimp culture. The Japanese scientist said that if it was desired, he could accept an invitation from the Western Aus- tralian Government to visit that State to in- vestigate the possibilities of introducing shrimp culture. He already has been to Ko- rea on such a mission. If the project appear - ed feasible, his company might be prepared to participate in a joint venture in Australia. The Australian officials said the artificial propagationof shrimp, which is largely a se- cret process, is being undertaken on a com- mercial basis on the Japanese island of Shiko- ku. About 100 tons of artificially-reared shrimp were marketed by the Japanese in 1963. After hatching, the Japanese cultured shrimp pass through 17 stages in about 28 days before they assume the appearance of shrimp. By that time they are from half to three-quarters of aninch long. At that stage they are sold to farmers who have ponds on the coast where the shrimp are reared to marketable size. The whole process takes slightly less than a year. The Australian officials also held discus - sions with a large Japanese fishing company concerning the possibility of developing a joint tuna venture in the Indian Ocean, with Western Australian capital and Japanese ves- sels, equipment, and if necessary, experi- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.11 enced fishermen. (Australian Fisheries News- letter, August 1964.) ok ok ok ok SHRIMP FISHERY GOOD IN 1964: Big shrimp landings were reported during May and June 1964 in Queensland, northern New South Wales, and Western Australian wa- ters. Trawlers operating off Moreton Bay, Southport, Tweed Heads, and Brunswick Heads landed about 300,000 pounds of shrimp ina week. The manager of the Fishermen's Coopera- tive at Evans Head reported that their intake of shrimp for April-May 1964 was 542,842 pounds compared with 229,336 pounds for the same period in 1963. The Cooperative's shrimp landings from June 1, 1963, to May 31, 1964, were 920,468 pounds compared with 1,142,034 pounds in the previous year. The manager of the Coop- erative said that this slight drop in produc- tion was not Significant because in 1962/63 trawlers operating south of Evans Head brought in large quantities of small shrimp. During the 1964 season the shrimp were larger and of better quality. As many as 37 vessels were based on Evans Head for the shrimp season, he said. At Shark Bay, in Western Australia, where the season is later than on the East Coast, a catch of one million pounds for the season was forecast. Most of Australia's large shrimp are ex- ported to Japan, France, and the United States. The total shrimp catch in 1963 was 12,614,028 pounds, and exports were worth £479,000 (US$1.1 million). (Australian Fisheries News- letter, July 1964.) KK OK KOK INCREASE IN SCALLOP EXPORTS PLANNED: With Australian scallop production in 1963/64 substan- tially increased by the opening up of new beds in Victoria, the need to increase scallop exports became apparent. At the request of the Tasmanian Sea Fisheries Advisory Board, the Fisheries Branch of Australia's Department of Primary Industry undertook a survey of possible overseas markets. Australian Trade Commissioners overseas were asked for the latest ‘‘on the spot’’ market evaluations, and the infor- mation they supplied has been incorporated in a full report to be made available soon. Preliminary investigations on the export potential of Australian scallops were reported most encouraging, and some indication of the general prospects in selected coun- tries fellows: November 1964 Australia (Contd.): France: There has been a rapid expansion in the quantity of scallop exports from Australia to France in the past two years. Prospects are excellent for further expansion be- cause consumption of scallops has increased, and local pro- duction has not increased at a corresponding rate. Belgium; Traditionally, Belgium has been supplied by France, although the increased demand has led Belgium to look for new sources of supply. The main outlet is the hotel and restaurant trade where scallops traditionally are an ac- cepted ‘‘menu item.'' Malaysia: There is a good demand for scallops in the former territories of Malaya and Singapore. In the past four years there have been small sales of Australian scal- lops in that area, and there appears to be some preference for scallops without roe. There is a considerable demand in Malaya for sun-dried scallops for use in soups and gra- vies. Pacific Islands: A small but useful market for scallops in the Pacific Islands has existed for some time and generally is confined to small European communities in the main com- mercial centers. Australia is the main supplier, and in- creasing sales appear likely. New Caledonia, with a popu- lation of 100,000 (predominantly French) offers the best prospects. United Kingdom: There is an established consumer de- mand for scallops in the United Kingdom. The market is supplied mainly by local producers, supplemented by im- ports. Supplies from overseas are in greatest demand be- tween May and August. There is a preference for live in- shell scallops and fresh scallop meats, but there is a ready market for frozen scallops with low counts per pound. Com- monwealth preference arrangements give Australia a good opportunity to expand this market. Greece: There is a marked preference for seafoods in that country. Scallops, although relatively new to Greece, suit the cooking methods of the inhabitants. Australian scal- lop were to be featured ata food-tasting exhibition at the Scalonica International Fair this September, and later on in Athens. Hong a In 1963, Hong Kong imported 26,000 pounds of scallops, but Australia's share in the market was insig- nificant. Efforts have been made to stimulate sales through major retail outlets but hotels and restaurants appear to offer the best prospects. Hong Kong is a popular tourist resort, and it is expected that the demand for scallops will increase. Prices appear satisfactory, and Australian scal- lops are acceptable in Hong Kong. Kenya: Scallops generally are acceptable as a seafood in East Africa by the European community. The United Kingdom was the main source of supply in the past. Frozen scallops with roe on them are acceptable and the prices are favorable. It has been suggested that there could be a good market for frozen scallops with the shells packed sep- arately and for canned scallops because of lack of refrig- eration in much of East Africa. Persian Gulf: The only possible outlets are the small oil-rich States, notably Bahrein and Kuwait, where the de- mand is confined to hotels and restaurants. Present imports are mostly canned scallops from Japan. West Germany: Scallops are unknown to most West Ger- mans and consumption is confined to a few gourmets. Sup- plies are obtained from Canada and Ireland, and there is a preference for ‘‘roe-on'’ scallops. There appears to be a possible market for scallop shells for decorative purposes. Scallop prices quoted appear quite attractive, despite the 13-1/2 percent customs tariff. United States: The world’s largest producer and consume of scallops is the United States; the bulk of its supplies is COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 Estimated Australian Exports of Scallop Meats, 1960/61-1963/64 (Country of Destination |1 64 |1962/63 |1961/62 | 1960/61 . (In Pounds) . 963/ France 651,000 4,500 Pacific Islands 22,000 6,100 Malaysia 5,000 8,500 Other Countries 77,000 900 2,400 900 | ota 255,000] 21,300 | 23,400 | 20,000 | normally obtained from the local scallop fishery. Some supplies are received from Canada, Japan and U.S.S.R. There is a strong preference for ‘‘all-white’’ scallops (scal- lops without roe). There have been scallop gluts in the past, which led in 1961 to a major promotional sales campaign. Small quantities of Australian scallops have been marketed in the United States. Lebanon: Scallops have no great appeal to Arab communi- ties who have conservative food tastes, but there is an estab- lished market in the tourist hotel and restaurant trade, par- ticularly in Beirut. Preference is for scallops with roe-on and no trade barriers exist at present. British and American armed forces establishments also offer export prospects. Venezuela: Although scallops have not been imported in the past by that country, there are prospects for developing a market in catering and supermarket establishments. Busi- nessmen have expressed willingness to consider stocking Australian scallops and developing a regular market. (Aus- tralian Fisheries Newsletter, August 1964.) KKK KX SCALLOP FISHERY EXPANDS: With a scallop production of more than 5 million pounds (shell weight) during the 1962/63 season, Australia was the fifth largest scallop producer in the world, following the United States, Japan, Canada, and France. In 1963, the United Fig. 1 = Queensland scallops average six inches in diametere=much larger than the Tasmanian variety, Uppershell of the Queensland scallop. 78 Australian (Contd.): es "tae Fig. 2 = A Queensland scallop in its shell, showing the large ad= ductor muscle or meat of the scallop. States production of scallop meats was about 20 million pounds; in 1962 it was nearly 25 million pounds. The 1962 scallop pro- duction of the other countries was (shell weight basis in mil- lions of pounds) Japan 22.3, France 13.7, and Canada 13.9, fol- lowed by Australia with 5.1. Scallop beds exist in a number of regions in Australia, but until recently, commercial production was virtually confined to Tasmania, and to a lesser degree, Queensland. During the 1962/63 season Tasmania produced 90 percent of Australia’s total production of a little more than 5 million pounds. The Tasmanian scallop fishery has a long history extend- ing back before World War I. The greatest expansion was after World War II when the area fished was extended in 1950 from D’Entrecasteaux Channel, near Hobart, to Coles and Norfolk Bays, and subsequently to east coast areas such as Triabunna, Maria Island, St. Helens, and Bicheno. In 1963 a commercial scallop fishery was established in Victoria, based on beds in Port Phillip Bay, and it has grown COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.11 | Fig. 3 = A portion of the scallop fishing fleet at the dock in undaberg, Queensland. significantly. In July 1964, 90 vessels were dredging for scal- lops in Port Phillip Bay. In September 1963, only two vessels were dredging. By February the number of vessels jumped to 40, reached 51 in May, and 90 in June. April 1964 was the best month for scallop dredging with 42 vessels landing 16,393 bags, each bag containing between 400 and 600 scallops and yielding 17 to 18 pounds of meats. Some of the best individual catches in 1964 were at the rate of 8 to 9 bags an hour (or 4,000 to 4,500 scallops an hour). The best conditioned scallops were taken off Brighton. Victoria now produces more than 80 percent of Australia’s scallop exports which amounted to 755,000 pounds worth about A#180,000 (US$400,000) for the year ended June 30, 1964. The Tasmanian scallop fishing season opened on May 14, 1964, and the best results were on east coast beds. The D’'Entrecasteaux beds, which for many years were the main source of supply, have declined and because of the poor quality of the scallops are not being fished. Interest now is centered on the east coast, from Maria Is- land to Eddystone Point, where a Tasmanian exploratory fish- ing vessel has assisted by locating new beds and will continue to do so. Although fishing activity has been hampered at times by rough weather, catch rates on east coast beds have been good, and the scallops are of consistently high quality. A fleet of 60 vessels is operating in that area, taking scallops in from 20 to 30 fathoms of water from a clean sea bed. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, August 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 87. oe OK sic ok oe November 1964 Australia (Contd.): EXPORTING PET FOOD TO THE UNITED STATES: The first Australian export shipment of pet food (prepared from fishery products) was loaded in July 1964 at Port Lincoln, South Australia, for United States delivery. The 300-ton shipment consisted of 25,000 cases valued at about £50,000 (US$111,100). The pet food was packed at a Port Lincoln can- nery. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, Au- gust 1964.) KOK OK OK 5 ae FOR OYSTERS PROPOSED: In Australia, the New South Wales State Department of Public Health proposes to set bacteriological standards for the sale of oysters for human consumption, It is hoped that the new standards will help open new export markets. For many years, oyster bacteriological standards have been in effect in various other countries. The main method of cleansing oysters has been ultraviolet light. When the New South Wales Oyster Farmers’ Association was informed of the proposal to establish a bacteriological standard, it sought information from the British Ministry of Agriculture on procedures to adopt in cleansing the oysters. British experts supplied plans and specifications for a mod- ern ultraviolet treatment plant. An Australian oyster supply firm built a trial plant on Georges River to apply the ultraviolet treatment. After three months of continuous operation, the trial plant was reported to be performing satisfactorily. Treated oysters conformed to a bacteriological standard likely to be established. The treated oysters suffered no impairment of flavor or texture. Oyster treatment costs worked out at about 10 shillings (US$1.11) a bag. While the plant operated, oystermen were invited to in- spect it; they were shown how it worked and given the plans and specifications of, the facility. A newly formed company plans to build another ultraviolet treatment plant in Sydney, Australia. The annual New South Wales oyster harvest is in excess of 12,000,000 pounds (weight with shell) with a value of +1 mil- lion ($2.2 million), according to reports. (Australian Fish- eries Newsletter, July 1964.) Canada FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL BRITISH COLUMBIA FISHERIES COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED: The study of fisheries problems on Can- ada's west coast will be facilitated by a new Canadian Federal-Provincial committee which held its organizational meeting in Nanaimo, British Columbia, August 19, 1964. The ini- tial members of the committee are the Deputy Minister of the British Columbia Department COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 of Recreation and Conservation and the Depu- ty Minister of Fisheries for Canada. The Deputy Ministers will each name two addi- tional members from Federal and Provincial agencies to bring the committee to full strength. The next meeting of the committee will be held at Ottawa in early November 1964. A- mong the problems expected to be brought be- fore the committee at that meeting are those of the West Coast oyster industry, the main- tenance and improvement of salmon spawning streams in the face of industrial expansion, and the relationship of sport and commercial fisheries in British Columbia. (Canadian De- partment of Fisheries, Pacific Area, August 19, 1964.) ok ok ok Ok FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMITTEE MEETING IN OTTAWA: Problems affecting Canada's Atlantic fish- eries were discussed at the sixth annual meet- ing of the Canadian Federal-Provincial Atlan- tic Fisheries Committee, which is made up of Federal and Provincial deputy ministers with responsibilities for fisheries in the five Ca- nadian Atlantic Provinces. The meeting was opened September 1, 1964, by the Federal Deputy Minister of Fisheries who stressed the value of frank exchanges of views in planning new joint projects. Subjects discussed at the meeting included Canada's participation in international con- servation programs for the Northwest Atlan- tic; territorial waters and Canada's exclusive fishing zone; fisheries training and marine works in the Atlantic provinces; financial as- sistance and inspection programs; and mar- keting organizations. Progress reports were submitted on the proposed Canadian Atlantic Fishing Trawler Conference, and on programs for industrial development. The Committee also received reports from its special sec- tions dealing with salmon, trout, and oysters. (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, September 1, 1964.) *k * *K OK & NEW CHART OF NOVA SCOTIA FISHING BANKS: A new type of Canadian chart~-a fisheries chart--has been issued by the Canadian Hydro graphic Service. 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): The new chart, No. 4041, covers the Atlan- tic Coast banks of Banquereau and Misaine, which lie off Nova Scotia between Scatarie and Sable Islands. It is essentially an accu- rate detailed picture of the shape and depth of the sea bottom enabling fishermen to se- lect the most favorable areas and banks for fishing. The chart is drawn on a scale of 1:300,000, or about 4 miles to the inch, and is thus 4 times the scale of previous Canadi- an charts covering the area. Through the use of a small contour inter - val, the new chart helps fishermen pick out likely areas to fish and avoid those areas where the bottom is uneven. It illustrates depths primarily by contour lines. The con- tours are shown as a solid blue line spaced at 10-fathom intervals to a depth of 100 fath- oms; at 20-fathom intervals to 200 fathoms; and thereafter at every 100 fathoms to a depth of 1,000 fathoms. General depths are indicated by three shades of blue. Depths of less than 10 fath- oms are shown as a dark blue; the extensive fishing banks, of between 10 and 50 fathoms of water, by a medium blue; and the areas containing over 50 but less than 100 fathoms, by a light blue. The new chart is available in two versions: L(D6)4041, which shows the decea lattice for the Cabot Strait chain; and 4041-L, which shows the 3 loran rates covering the area. Each version is available (price $2.00 each) either from chart dealers or from the Ma- rine Distribution Office, Canadian Depart- ment of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, Canada. Ceylon PROPOSED GOVERNMENT FISHERIES CORPORATION MAY LEAD TO FISHERIES EXPANSION: A proposal to establish a Government- managed Fisheries Corporation was reported in the official Ceylon News-Letter, July 24, 1964. Designed to increase domestic fisher- ies production, the proposal would also in- volve a reorganization of the Ceylonese Fish- eries Department. All commercial fishing projects of that Department would be trans- ferred to the Fisheries Corporation. Vol. 26, No. 11 The functions of the Fisheries Corporation would be: (1) commercial fishing, including deep-sea trawling; (2) fish processing, in- cluding canning and drying, either directly or through authorized agents; (3) distributing fish through wholesale and retail markets, either directly or through authorized agents; and (4) building and maintaining harbors and shore facilities including cold-storage plants. Under the proposed reorganization, the functions of the Fisheries Department would be: (1) fisheries regulation under Ceylonese Fisheries Ordinance; (2) fisheries research; (3) fisheries extension work; and (4) misced- laneous Service activities such as adminisr tration of the vessel loan program, and majin- tenance of repair facilities and housing form fishermen. All the assets of the Fisheries Depart- ment used or intended for use in commercial activities would be transferred to the Fish- eries Corporation. In addition, funds pro- vided for the commercial activities of the Fisheries Department for fiscal years 1963/64 and 1964/65 would be transferred to the Cor- poration. The Corporation would also re- ceive Rs. 3.5 million (US$736,000) as initial working capital from the 1964/65 budget of the Ceylonese Government. Ceylonese fishermen launch their shallow log raft tep- pans. ‘ests have proved that these craft, which can slide over coral and sand reefs and budge ashore on any beach, can catch more fish if mechanized with outboard engines. The Fisheries Corporation presumably would take over certain fishing vessels which may be delivered by foreign shipyards. Cey- lon has ordered 5 trawlers from Yugoslavia, but because of technical difficulties only 1 may actually be purchased. Ceylon is also trying to buy 10 new tuna fishing vessels a- broad. November 1964 Ceylon (Contd.): Ceylonese fishery imports, valued at about Rs. 61 million ($12.8 million) in 1963, area drain on the country's foreign exchange. That provides a strong incentive to increase do- mestic fishery landings. The Fisheries Cor- poration was still in the planning stage when it was mentioned in the Ceylon News-Letter. However, in September 1964 the Ceylonese Minister of Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries was reported to be seeking Cabinet authority for the establishment of the Fisheries Cor- poration under the State Industrial Corpora- tion Act. If established as planned, it may be necessary for the Fisheries Corporation to obtain advisors from abroad. (United States Embassy, Colombo, September 15, 1964.) Colombia FISHERIES TRENDS AND POTENTIAL: Colombia has access to abundant fishery resources in both the Caribbean Sea and Pa- cific Ocean, but has not been able to harvest enough fish to meet its domestic require- ments. The reasons have been the lack of modern fishing vessels and adequate shore- processing facilities. The greatest potential for Colombia's com- mercial fishery is in the waters off the Pacif- ic coast. The Humboldt Current, which pro- duces the environment for the rich Peruvian fishing grounds, is found 200 miles off the coast of Colombia. The intermingling of that cold stream with the warm tropical waters provides an excellent habitat for tuna. Ex- tensive shrimp grounds and large quantities of spiny lobster are found closer to land. The Caribbean fishery harvests a wide variety of tropical fish species such as the snook, snap- per, needlefish, yellowfin, shrimp, and sar- dines. Colombia has a total of 102 fishing vessels operating on both oceans. The Pacific fleet consists of 53 shrimp vessels and 5 tuna ves- sels and the Atlantic fleet of 43 general-pur- pose ships and one shrimp vessel. They are mostly ancient wooden vessels, and both equip- ment and fishing methods are obsolete. There are fish-processing plants on both coasts with a concentration of three canneries near the Caribbean ports of Barranquilla and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 a : soos £5 Pa In Colombia fish are transported to Barranquilla for marketing by canoe down the Magdalena River. Santa Marta. They process yellowfin, bonito, albacore tuna, and sardines. Plants on the Pacific coast at Buenaventura and Tumaco process tuna, shrimp, and spiny lobster. Fresh fish are sold locally on the coast and iced fish are flown inland and sold as a luxury item in the cities. The only fish meal pro- duced in Colombia is from the waste of can- ning operations, as the underequipped fishing fleets are able to supply just enough fish to keep the canneries at half capacity. The price of fresh fish in Colombia's in- land cities is often double that of beef and other fresh meats. Since the fishing industry enjoys absolute protection from imports, a large internal market could be developed for frozen fishery products if prices were com- petitive with those of fresh meat. Surface transportation with refrigeration facilities would probably mean a greater demand. There are freezing facilities already at some of the shore locations, but those were not be- ing used. Both government and private interests have been looking for a way of increasing the country's fishery catches. The vessels be- ing used are usually owner-operated and in- efficient, but steel vessels under coordinated management, using electronic techniques and with up-to-date equipment and refrigerated storage, could increase landings significant- ly. The Colombian Government has declared the fisheries a basic industry, and has grant- ed tax waivers to fisheries firms. In April 1963, the Second National Fisheries Congress drew up a ten-point program for developing the fishing industry. Its main purpose was to provide a basis for a new Department of Fish- 82 Colombia (Contd.): eries, but it also recommended the extension of territorial waters to 200 miles and the re- striction of fishing within this area to Colom- bian vessels. Fishing cooperatives and gov- ernment credit facilities were also recom- mended. It was reported that Colombian fishing companies would welcome joint ventures to provide capital and technical assistance, and Japan has already provided a vessel for fish- eries research on the Pacific coast. Also, Colombian shipbuilders were said to be in- terested in forming licensing arrangements with foreign companies for building new types of fishing vessels and importing modern fish ing gear. The types of vessels needed are in the 50- to 70-foot class, equipped for shrimp fishing, long-lining for tuna, and trawling for sardines and small fish. In line with the Co- lombian policy of national development, the import of complete vessels would not be per- mitted. Construction and assembly of com- ponent vessel parts in local shipyards would be a primary requirement for any firm wish- ing to supply equipment. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol 26, No. 11 ports (particularly of fresh and frozen shell- fish), indicate that the Colombian fishing in- dustry is entering a dynamic phase of develop- ment and may soon become an important seg- ment of that country's economy. (Department of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, August 22, 1964.) Cuba CATCH AND FISHING FLEET EXPANDED: Cuba’s fisheries are expanding in the direction of state- operated fishing fleets, according to an official Cuban re- port. Those fleets include large trawlers, long-line tuna vessels, and other vessels capable of high-seas operations. In 1963, the state-operated fisheries produced a catch of 12,112 metric tons or about 30 percent of Cuba’s total fish- ery landings. In 1962, the initial year those fisheries were operated by the state, production was 2,558 tons or about 7 percent of total production. Traditionally, the Cuban fishing fleet has been limited to coastal waters with the exception of a few old schooners. The majority of Cuba’s 12,000 fishermen still operate their small craft in coastal waters and the Cuban Government has organized them into fishery cooperatives. Most of the Cu- ban fishery catch is taken by their 3,800 small boats (under 100 gross tons). Colombia exported practically no fishery products before 1949, and in 1962 shipped 942 metric tons to the United States out of a total catch of 42,500 metric tons. Exports now consist mainly of frozen or iced shrimp for the United States market. The Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) also presents a potential export market for Colombian fishery products. How- ever, mostof the LAFTA countries have fish- eries equal to those of Colombia, so export success could depend on having facilities for packaging and shipping frozen products. Colombia's natural resources, coupled with a large local market and possibilities for ex- Cuba’s state-operated fishing fleet consists of 22 vessels: (1) 5 tuna vessels of 350 gross tons which were built in Japan; (2) 15 trawlers (742-gross-ton refrigerated stern trawlers built in East Germany but supplied by the U.S.S.R.); Cuban’ Marine Fish Landings by Type of Fishery, 1960-1963 a .(Metric Tons), 25,400 | 27,891 | 22,361 | 22,341 Coastal 1/ Offshore; 13,624 3,089 6,374 1,606 4,772 3,298 4,449 3,735 Trawlers Long-liners 2/ Cubans. November 1964 Cuba (Contd.): and (3) 2 trawlers (medium-size types built in Poland). Ten of the refrigerated stern trawlers still belong to the U.S.S.R. and are used to train Cuban crews. In addition, wooden fish- ing boats of the Lambda class (97 gross tons) and smaller are included in the production of state-operated fisheries. Tuna long-lining is conducted throughout the Caribbean and off Brazil; trawling is conducted in the North Atlantic be- tween 32° and 43° N, latitude off the Middle Atlantic States and on the Campeche Bank. (Las Pesquerias Cubanas, February 1964.) NEW FISHERIES ATTACHE APPOINTED FOR U.S. AND CANADA: The position as Danish Fisheries Attache for the United States and Canada, with head- quarters in New York City at the Consulate General of Denmark, was filled about Novem- ber 1, 1964. The position had been vacant since April 1963. The new Fisheries Attache, Erling Hulgaard, was chosen for the post by Denmark's Ministry of Fisheries. His pri- mary duties will be to increase the sale of Danish fishery products in the United States and Canada. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 3, 1964.) E SHIPYARDS RECEIVE ORDERS FROM SOVIETS FOR FISHERY FACTORYSHIPS AND FROM SOUTH KOREA FOR TRAWLERS: An order for three modern fishery factory- ships costing a total of US$20.4 million was received in mid-1964 by a shipyard in Nantes, France, from the U.S.S.R. for the Soviet fish- ing industry. Denmark France Each vessel is to be specially equipped for fishing and processing sardines and herring and will have a daily productien capacity of 100,000 cans on a 12-hours-a-day basis. The cans will be stocked in separate holds with a total capacity of 70,600 cubic feet (space for 4,750,000 cans). frozen and stocked in a special 26,000-cubic- foot hold. The vessels will also,make fish oil and fish meal. Another order obtained by French ship- builders at Le Havre is for 48 trawlers des- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The fish in bulk will be deep- 83 tined for South Korea. Another order from South Korea calls for 7 tuna vessels, 3 trawl- ers, and 1 refrigerated vessel. It was reported that out of 88 vessels com- pleted by French shipyards in 1963, 47 were fishing vessels. During the same year, 42 fishing vessels were launched in France out of a total of 86, and among the 88 keels laid, 39 were for fishing vessels. (Fish Trades Ga- zette, August 8, 1964.) ry ‘ire German Federal Republic NEW FISH-GUTTING MACHINE OFFERED BY FIRM: A new fish-gutting and beheading machine is being marketed by a West German manu- facturer of fish-processing machinery. The new machine is said to be able to handle ocean perch ranging in length from 12 to 22 inches and various other groundfish ranging in length from 14 to 31 inches. The new machine can be adjusted to handle between 25 and 40 fish per minute. It requires only one attendant; his job is to place fish on an infeed conveyor. The machine then automatically heads and guts the fish, removes entrails, and cleans the belly cavity of the fish. The headed and gutted fish leave the machine on an automatic conveyor. Fig. 1 - A new fish-gutting and beheading machine marketed by a West German manufacturer, The machine works ina straight line. Its approximate dimensions are length 15 feet, 10 inches; width 3 feet, 7 inches; and maximum height 5 feet, 4 inches. The housings and the frame of the machine are designed to allow an offal conveyor to be placed underneath. The power requirements of the machine are 3 kilo- watts. x 84 German Federal Republic (Contd.): Fig. 2 = Design of the base of the new fish-gutting machine al- lows for a conveyor to be placed underneath the machine for removal of the offal. The handle on the left hand side permits the tilting and lifting of the upper assembly for better access to the cutting tools for maintenance and cleaning. The machine is built for heavy duty use, particularly on board fishing vessels. The first production model of the new machine is now in use aboard a German trawler. Ghana TECHNICAL FISHERIES ASSISTANCE BY SOVIETS: The Soviet Union was reported planning to send specialists to Ghana to study the eco- nomics of the construction of a fishing harbor in Miemia, and improvement of fishing har- bors at Takoradi and Elmina. The Soviets also planned to send a floating drydock to Ghana for use in repairing their trawlers operating there. In December 1963, 10 of the 17 large trawlers operating off Ghana were reported to be of Soviet registry. A total of 118 Ghanaian students has al- ready been sent to the Soviet Union for train- ing in fisheries. It was believed they would remain there for 3 to 4 years as they have to learn the language before their fisheries training begins. A fish cannery was reported being built in Ghana by the Soviets this past summer, and that ground for it had already been broken. (Fishery Attache, United States Embassy, Abidjan, August 13, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 54, PEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Greece ATLANTIC FREEZER-TRAWLER FISHERY TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964: During June 1964, a total of 6 Greek freezer-trawlers and 1 refrigerated transport vessel returned from Atlantic opera- tions to home ports with 2,343 metric tons of frozen fish as compared with 1,700 tons of frozen fish delivered in June 1963 by 4 freezer-trawlers and 3 refrigerated vessels. In January-June 1964, the Greek fleet of freezer-trawlers and carrier vessels operating in the Atlantic landed 9,650 tons of frozen fish in Greek ports, up only 2.7 percent from land- ings of 9,395 tons in the same period of 1963. In the first half of 1962, the Greek Atlantic fleet delivered 7,481 tons of frozen fish, Although the total landings in January-June 1964 showed a small gain, average landings by individual vessels were down somewhat from the previous year. (The gain in Atlantic fro- zen fish landings did not keep pace with the expansion of the Atlantic fleet.) The drop in average landings in 1964 was at- tributed to a decline in the catch on fishing grounds off Mauri- tania. In early July 1964, the Greek Atlantic refrigerated fish- ing fleet (trawlers and transports) included 34 units of which 21 were on active service and 13 were undergoing repair and reconstruction. In regard to Government policy affecting Greek Atlantic freezer-trawler operations, the Union of Hellenic Overseas Fishing Enterprises has submitted a detailed memorandum to the Greek Minister of Industry. The memorandum points out that a Greek fleet of 23 active freezer-trawlers could be ex- pected under normal conditions to produce annual landings of 26,000 tons of frozen fish with a value of Dr.300 million (US$10 million), The memorandum then called for the ‘‘cre- ation of competitive conditions’’ for the Atlantic freezer- trawlers. Among other things, it asked for a reduction in the interest rate on fishery loans by Greek commercial banks, It was stated that charges on Greek fishery loans were consid- erably above average rates in the European Common Market. In the field of marketing, the memorandum referred to the general management of market price control at the Greek Trade Ministry and requested that domestic frozen fish land- ings be placed on a competitive basis with imported frozen fish. (Alieia, July 1964.) Greenland 12-MILE FISHING LIMITS MODIFIED TO CONTINUE CERTAIN HISTORIC FISHING RIGHTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES: When Greenland's fishing limits were ex- tended from 3 to 12 miles on June 1, 1963, certain concessions were made to the historic fishing rights of France, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. Permission has now been granted to fishing vessels registered in those coun- tries to fish with long lines and hand lines and to transfer catches up to Greenland's 3-mile limit until October 31, 1968 (Decree 227 is- sued by the Danish Ministry for Greenland, July 3, 1964). This represents a 5-year ex- tension of a concession originally granted by Danish Ministry For Greenland Announcement Number 193, May 27, 1963. (Regional Fisher - November 1964 Greenland (Contd.): ies Attache for Europe, United States Embas- sy, Copenhagen, August 12, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 88. HALIBUT FISHERY TRENDS, 1963: SS EE ee Landings of Greenland halibut in 1963, handled by the Royal Greenland Trading Department (RGTD), totaled 1,906 metric tons as compared with 1,302 tons in 1962. Except for inci- dental catches in shrimp trawls, Greenland halibut are taken mainly by long line in\clay bottoms, often in fjords with gla- ciers. In winter the long-line fishery is conducted through the ice. The greater part of the Greenland halibut catch is from the Jakobshavn district which in 1963 accounted for about half the total landings of that species. Most of the halibut catch is handled by the government RGTD which processes it as frozen fillets and salted halibut. Since 1962, more of the halibut catch has been frozen than salted. Salted Greenland halibut is sliced thinly, colored a salmon shade, lightly smoked, canned in oil and marketed as ‘‘solaks’’ Table 1 - Greenland Halibut Landings for RGTD by District, 1963 Summer Winter nas ae ee ea hg ane (MetrietToneys,65-'.. . | Julianehaab....| 4.8 © si'eHereite 25.5 36.5 es 12.7 Sukkertoppen 45.6 Holsteinsborg - - 22.3 Egedesminde ..- 6.4 Christianshaab . 50.3 Jakobshavn .-.--]| 630.0 ale: wer we, 138.6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 Table 2 - Greenland Halibut (Frozen Fillets and Salted) H Exports by RGTD, 1963 Type and Countr, Metric Tons Kroner | US$ 202 661,934] 95,980 164 406,311] 58,915 United States { 58 227,734 | 33,021 West Germany and Sweden 46 127,698 | 18,517 Frozen halibut fillets: Note: Values converted on basis of one Danish krone equals US$0. 145. Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen. (sea salmon), an imitation smoked salmon. It is reported that only the salted product takes color well. However, the demand has been growing for frozen Greenland halibut that is sliced and uncolored, lightly smoked, and packed in film bags. The United States market for frozen halibut fillets also is being tested. Belgian buyers favor Greenland halibut that is cut to their own specifications. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 26, 1964.) * ok ok ok Ok SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS, 1963-1964: a Greenland’s shrimp fishery is its second most important fishery, accounting for 7 percent of the total fishery catch in 1962 and 8 percent in 1963, Its steady growth enabled it to surpass the declining ocean catfish fishery in 1962 and 1963, Shrimp are caught entirely by trawls with a mesh of about 20-22 mm. (25/32 to 55/64 inches) knot to knot, on smooth bottoms in depths of 656 to 1,640 feet, mainly in Disko Bay by 15-30 ton cutters with 60-hp. engines. Significant quan- tities of Greenland halibut and ocean perch are caught with the shrimp. In 1963, the districts of Christianshaab and Jakobshavn accounted for about 70 percent of the total shrimp landings. Shrimp are caught only from May to No- vember in Disko Bay because of ice during the winter. But in Southwest Greenland the boats usually can fish all winter by shifting grounds, Table 1 - Greenland Shrimp Catch by District and RGTD Utilization, 1963 Processed Shrimp Frozen Catch | Canned 1/ Jars | peeled 2/ . - (Number)... District 552,300 2,452,100 | 3,360 | 3,654,400 | 936,000 A/Includes 1.4 million units of machine-peeled shrimp in 2.5- to 7-ounce eans, and about 160,000 units of -peeled shrimp in 7-ounce cans. | 2/Packed in containers from ounces to 6.6 pounds. te: Contents of cans and jafs--80 grams (23-24 ounces). Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen. 86 Greenland (Contd.): Biologists state that overfishing apparently is not a prob- lem in the Greenland shrimp fishery because the trawling grounds are limited compared to the presently unfishable areas in the fjords and along the coasts which would repopu- late depleted grounds. Disko Bay trawling grounds are sur- rounded by very large areas which are not fished. In 1961, trawlers in Disko Bay averaged 880 kilos (1,940 pounds) per day for most of the year. This year (1964) they have been limited to about 300 kilos (661 pounds) per day because of limited plant capacity on shore. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.11 pounds) an hour, getting about a 25-percent yield. Hand pack- ers average about 100 glass jars an hour and about the same rate for labeled cans of the same size (2-1/2-2-3/4 ounces). The shrimp are packed evenly in alignment on the bottom and sides of the containers. The brine added contains 1 per- cent citric acid, 4 percent salt, and 2 percent sugar, but no monosodium glutamate. The jars are vacuum-sealed but not the cans, The cans are packed 48 to a fiberboard carton. A carton contains 12 jars with 4 cartons to a master container. The overall yield from raw shrimp to canned product is about 20 percent, Table 2 - Greenland Shrimp Catch and RGTD Utilization, 1955-63 1/All peeled except for 30 tons in shell in 1963 2/Number of cans and jars is given in terms of various sizes converted to 80 gram (25- 3/Not available. Source: Royal Greenland Trade Department, Copenhagen. The 1963 shrimp catch was canned and frozen in plants op- erated by the Royal Greenland Trade Department (RGTD), a part of the Ministry of Greenland, in about equal proportions. Three-year old shrimp may be used by the canneries and freezers but the larger 4- and 5-year old shrimp are pre- ferred. Older year classes are infrequent. At a typical modern shrimp processing plant in Christian- shaab, shrimp trawlers land their catches (90-140 count per pound), only a few hours old and not iced, in 20-kilo (44 pound) boxes. Sorting machines separate the sizes over 6 grams (0.2 oz.) for hand peeling and those between 3 and 6 grams (0.1-0.2 oz.) for machine peeling in United States- built equipment. The former size is cooked and hand-peeled as quickly as possible whereas the latter usually is iced and held for easier machine peeling, uncooked, after storage. For hand peeling, the shrimp are cooked 3-1/2 minutes (au- tomatically timed) in boiling water with 2 percent salt added. Female peelers average about 2 to 2-1/2 kilos (4.4 to 5.5 Total cans & jars 3,004,400 3,654,400 2,882,000 2,271,000 1,306,200 963,700 1,025,000 800,910 981,300 1,065,300 to 23-ounce) size. The iced shrimp for machine peeling may be stored for two days and then blanched with live steam on the feeder board of the machine which averages about 250 kilos (550 pounds) of raw shrimp an hour with a yield of 12-18 percent, The yield from raw shrimp to the canned product is about 15 percent which could be increased to 16 percent or more, For use as frozen shrimp the yield is about 20 percent. (Another plant reported 22-23 percent for hand-peeled shrimp). The cans of machine-peeled shrimp are filled by ‘‘throw’’ filling (2-1/2-4-1/2 ounces), filled with a similar brine containing MSG, and sealed without a vacuum, At the typical plant in Christianshaab, hand-peeled canned shrimp are cooked one hour at 105° C. (221° F.), machine- peeled at the sare temperature but for 1-1/2 hours because of the storage time before processing. At some other plants, hand-peeled shrimp are packed in 100-gram (about 3.5- ounce) and one-pound film bags and vacuum-sealed before freezing. Table.3 - Frozen Peeled Shrimp Sold by RGTD in 1963 Table 4 - Canned and Preserved Shrimp Sold by RGTD in 1963 Country United Kingdom... Denmark 2.62002 -2ee+08

and the Senate on Oct. 3, 1964, adopted H.J. Res. 1192, providing for the convening of the 89th Congress on January 4, 1965. ALASKA DISASTER RELIEF: On September 30, 1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate, reviewing the accomplishments thus far attained in Alaska since the earthquake disaster of last March. In his remarks he inserted portions of the reports from the Federal Reconstruction and Development Commission of Alaska and the Office of Emergency Planning (Congressional Record, pp. 22487-22495), ALASKA EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE: On September 16, 1964, Congressman Rivers spoke in the House and inserted in the Appendix of that day's Congressional Record (pp. A4709-A4711), the text of a speech by Alas- ka's Governor to the convention of the Alaska Associ- ation of Realtors at Anchorage on September 10, 1964. The speech outlined accomplishments thus far attained in Alaska to overcome the earthquake disaster of March 1964. ALASKA SALMON: Senator Bartlett on September 29, 1964, Spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's For pressional Record (pp. 22304-22305) an article by the Director of the Fisheries Research Institute of the University of Washington College of Fisheries which November 1964 appeared in the September 1964 issue of the Pacific Fisherman. The article titled ' ‘Prospects for Alaska Salmon: Let Me Be an Optimist" discusses salmon resources, most of the salmon problems, and what can be done in view of the future. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESOURCES SURVEY: S. Rep urvey of Marine and Fresh-Water Com- mercial Fisheries Caron 18, 1964; report from the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S.J. Res. 174), 17 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage (with amendments) of S.J. Res. 174, to authorize and di- rect the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to conduct a survey of the marine and fresh-water commercial fish- ery resources of the United States, its territories, and possessions. The bill would obtain, through a compre- hensive survey by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, information and data on marine and fresh-water re- sources, existing and potential, which will enable the commercial fishery industries of the United States to meet the need for their distinctive protein-rich food products, for byproducts required by expanding indus - trial uses, and, in the event of national emergency, for such vessels and manpower as may be necessary or useful to our maritime defense. Such a survey also is needed so the Congress may legislate properly and — wisely on matters pertaining to the development, utili- zation, and conservation of these valuable resources, many of which presently are threatened with serious depletion. Contains the purpose, historical background, and an analysis of the resolution; also agency comments. FISHING INDUSTRY PROBLEMS: On September 24, 1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 22092-22093) an address by the director of the fishery products pro- gram, National Canners Association, delivered at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Atlantic States Marine Fish- eries Commission. The address discussed the problems facing the American fishing industry. FISHERY LEGISLATION: On October 2, 1964, Sen- ator Bartlett spoke in the Senate inserting in that day's Congressional Record (p. 22748) a speech delivered at th atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission on September 22 by H. E. Crowther, Deputy Director, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. The speech was titled "Significant Fishery Legislation of the 88th Congress." FOOD-FOR-PEACE, AND FISH: On September 14, 1964, Senate resumed consideration of H.R. 11380, to amend further the Foreign Assistance Act | of 1961, as amended, and for other purposes. Senate on September 17, 1964, debated H.R. 11380. On September 24, 1964, Senate passed, with amendments, H.R. 11380. Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for a conference with House, and appointed conferees. Authorizes appro- priations of $50 million for purchase of domestically- produced beef, poultry, and other meats, and meat pro- ducts, dairy products, rice, and other high-protein foods which are in adequate supply in the United States for donation to school lunch and similar programs in for- eign countries eligible for assistance under the bill. Senator McGovern stated that "other high protein foods" would include fish and fish products. On September 28, 1964, the Senate received the Pres- ident's communication transmitting supplemental mate- rial to be included with the 20th semiannual report on activities carried on under P,L. 480, 83rd Congress, outlining operations under the Act for the period of Jan- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 uary 1-June 30, 1964, Referred to the Senate Commit- tee on Agriculture and Forestry. On September 30, 1964, objection was made in the House to a unanimous-consent request to send to con- ference H.R. 11380, fiscal year 1965 authorizations for the foreign aid program. The Committee on Rules re- ported (Rept. 1922) a Res. 895, providing for sending to conference H. R. On October 1, 1964, the House by a voice vote a- dopted H.Res. 895, providing for sending to conference H.R. 11380, fiscal 1965 authorizations for the foreign aid program. On same day the conference report (Rept. 1925) was filed. H.R. 11380 was signed by the President October 7, 1964 (P.L, 88-633). As approved, the bill does not include the Senate amendment author- izing an additional appropriation of $50,000,000 to be used to donate domestically-produced meat and other protein foods to school lunch programs abroad. On September 16-17, 1964, the Senate and House met in executive session to resolve the differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of S. 2687, ex- tending for 2 years the Agricultural Trade Dev lopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480) but did not reach a final agreement. On September 22, 1964, conferees filed a conference report (H. Rept. 1897) on S. 2687. H. Rept. 1897, Public Law 480 Extension (September 22, 1964, report from the Committee on Conference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, toaccompany S. 2687), 8 pp., printed. Contains Commit- tee recommendations on an amendment to S. 2687, to extend the Agricultural Trade Development and Assis- tance Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes; also a statement of managers on the part of the House. The Conference Report extended the Authorization for Titles I andII of the Act (P.L. 480) for a 2-year period, and approved an authorization of $2.7 billionplus carry- over of unused funds from past years, for Title I activi- ties for the 2-year period. The House-passed version of the bill had authorized a 3-year extension for Titles I and II, with an authorization of $4 billion plus carry- over for Title I programs for the 3-year period. Fish- ery products are included under Title I. On Sept. 23, 1964, the House adopted the conference report on S. 2687, and sent the legislation to the Senate. The Senate debated the conference report and agreed to vote on September 24, 1964, on a motion to refer the conference report to the Committee on Foreign Rela- tions for hearings and study. Senate on September 24, 1964, adopted conference report on S. 2687, clearing bill for the President's signature. On October 8, 1964, S. 2687 was signed by the President (P.L. 88 -638). On October 3, 1964, Senator McGovern spoke in the Senate stating that Peace Director Richard W. Reuter told the American Soybean Association recently that "food for peace is coming closer to a moment of truth" when we must decide if we are going to produce food- stuffs for foreign assistance programs or terminate the programs because our surpluses have been liqui- dated. The address ("Public Law 480: Surplus Disposal Is Not Enough") was ordered printed in the "Congres - sional Record" of October 15, 1964 (pp. A5330- e331). HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE APPRO- PRIATIONS, n "September 3, 1964, House agreed to ciifevence: report, and on same day Senate . 122 adopted conference report (H. Rept. 1880), and con- curred in House amendments to Senate amendments on H.R. 10809, fiscal year 1965 appropriations for the De- partments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare, and related agencies. Bill was cleared for the Presi- dent's signature. H.R. 10809 signed by President on September 19, 1964 (P.L. 88-605). Under Department of Health, Education, and Welfare provides funds for water supply and pollution control; for special investi- gation of water pollution in lower Mississippi where large fish kills have occurred; the Public Health Serv- ice's two new laboratories for shellfish sanitation meas - ures; shellfish sanitation and certification; the Food and Drug Administration's botulism research. NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT: On October} 2, 1964, Senator Morse spoke in the Senate proposing that all Federal programs primarily intended for the management of the Nation's natural resources be brought together in a single Department of Natural Resources. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION: It was announced on September 14, 1964, that the President pro tempore appointed Senators Bartlett and Fong to attend the third round in a series of talks between Can- ada, Japan, and the United States on the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pa- cific Ocean, which opened in Ottawa, September 9, 1964. PASSAMAQUODDY TIDAL POWER PROJECT: Pas- samaquoddy-St . John (Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, on S. 2573), 136 pp., printed Contains hearing held August 12, 1964, on S. 2573, to authorize the International Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project, including Hydroelectric Power Development of the Upper St. John River, and for other purposes. The project envisions the use of the power potential of the tides of Passamaquoddy Bay and the flows of the Saint John River in the State of Maine and the Province of New Brunswick for promoting economic development and providing flood control. Hearing was limited to consideration of the technical studies completed by the Department of the Interior and the U. S. Corps of Engi- neers. The presiding Senator pointed out that in the next Congress, it is planned to expand the hearings for comments by other Government departments and to hear public witnesses. Contains statements from the Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of the Army; the text of the bill; the supplemental report of the Pas- Samaquoddy-Saint John River Study Committee to the Secretary of the Interior, dated August 3, 1964, together with introductory remarks of the Department of the In- terior. PESTICIDES: On September 14, 1964, Congressman Cunningham spoke in the House and inserted in the Ap- pendix of that day's Congressional Record (pp. A4687- A4688) an article from the July issue of the publication Farm Chemicals entitled|''Pesticides and Scare Cam- paigns.” The article traces the various campaigns a- gainst pesticides dating back to 1900. RADIATON PRESERVATION OF FISH: On Septem- ber 22, 1964, Senator Mundt spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 21787- 21791) an address by the Gece of the Donner Labo- ratory and Donner Pavilion at the University of Cali- fornia, entitled "Atomic Energy, Science, and Educa- tion."' In the address it was mentioned that one of the current Atomic Energy Commission studies is con- cerned with the radiation preservation of fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 Senator Saltonstall on September 28, 1964, spoke in the Senate and inserted in that day's Congressional Rec- ord (p. 2257) an article entitled ''Eerie Biue Lights--A Revolution in Seafoods''from the Boston Globe, which commented on the dedication of the Atomic Energy Com- mission's new experimental laboratory for the radiation of marine products in Gloucester, Mass. The labora- tory is to experiment with the preservation of fish and shellfish products. SALMON CANNING: On September 28, 1964, Senator Bartlett spoke in the senate concerning salmon canning and inserted in that day's Congressional Record (pp. 22250-22252) an article from fe September 1964 Pacific Fisherman titled ''One Hundred Years of Growth in Salmon Canning." SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: Sup- plemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Hearings before — Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session). Part 1, 506 pp., printed; Part 2, 181 pp., printed. Con- tains hearings held August 10-17, 1964, on supplemental appropriations for fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes for various agencies. Includes tes- timony, statements, communications, and reports from various Federal agencies and their officials and Con- gressmen. Under the Interior Department are included supplemental funds for the Fish and Wildlife Service's two Bureaus--Commercial Fisheries, and Sport Fish- eries and Wildlife. For the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries an increase of $25,000 in order to meet the increased administrative expenses for loan program activity due to the Alaska earthquake and tidal wave in March 1964. Enactment of Commercial Fisheries Re- search and Development Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-309) au- thorizes the Secretary to make loans from available funds to commercial fishermen for chartering vessels until June 30, 1966. This will provide immediate re- lief pending reconstruction of the Alaskan commercial fishing fleet. Presently available for administrative expenses of the Fisheries Loan Fund in 1965 is $302,000, an increase of $25,000. Contains statements, budget summaries, and estimates. Also, for the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife an increase of $1,050,000 (presently available for 1965 is $33,810,000), $900,000 of which is for the administration of wildlife resources activity, and $150,000 is for pesticide research activity (to review referrals from the Department of Agricul- ture of applications for label registration of chemicals under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti- cide Act; review will determine the actual or potential hazards to fish and wildlife from the proposed use of a chemical; and to assist and advise the Food and Drug Administration in establishing tolerances). The Supplemental Appropriations Bill, 1965 (Hear- ings before the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session onH.R. 12633), 822 pp., printed. Contains hearings held August 14, 1964-September 24, 1964, on H.R. 12633, an act making appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Includes text of the bill, testi- mony, statements, communications, and reports from various Federal agencies and their officials, as well as Representatives and Senators, and State and other officials. Under the Department of the Interior there are additional funds for the two Bureaus of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries there is an increase of $25,000 in the limitation of $277,000 for fiscal year 1965 on adminis- trative expenses for the fisheries vessel loan fund. The additional amount is needed because of the additional November 1964 loan workload raised by the March 1964 earthquake and tidal wave. In addition, included was a request for $3 million for a fishing vessel construction differential subsidy program. For the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife there is a supplemental appropriation of $1,050,000 of which $900,000 is to replace a permanent appropriation. Also $700,000 in construction funds for rehabilitation of facilities which have been damaged by floods. On September 17, 1964, H.R. 12633 was reported to the House (H. Rept. 1891). . H. Rept. 1891, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (September i7, 1964, report from ae Committee on Ap- propriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R, 12633), 33 pp., printed. To make supplemental appropriations for fiscal year 1965 for various departments and agencies. On September 22, 1964, House passed H.R, 12633 by a record vote of 208 yeas to 103 nays. ~ The Senate Committee on Appropriations on Septem- ber 22, 1964, held hearings on H.R, 12633. It received testimony from the Deputy Director of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on funds for the fishing vessel construction subsidy program under P,L, 88-498. On September 24, 1964, Senate Committee on Appropria- tions concluded its hearings on H.R, 12633. On September 29, 1964, the Senate Committee on Ap- propriations reported (S. Rept. 1604), with amendments, H.R, 12633. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: S. Rept. 1604, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Sep- tember 295, ioe epora from ac Committee on Appro- priations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Ses- sion, to accompany H.R. 12633), 47 pp., printed. The committee recommended supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes. Bill was reported to the Senate with amend- ments. Contains the Committee's recommendations for supplemental fund for various Federal agencies. Under the Department of the Interior there are additional funds for the two Bureaus of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice: Commercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. On October 1, 1964, the Senate passed H.R, 12633, making supplemental appropriations for fiscal year 1965. The Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for a conference with the House, and appointed conferees. The House agreed to the conference and appointed con- ferees. On October 2, 1964, the Conference Report (H. Rept. 1928) on H.R. 12633 was filed and it was adopted y the House and Senate. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1965: H. Rept. 1928, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1965 (Oc- tober 2, 1964, report from ee Pecan of Conference House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 12633), 10 pp., printed. The Com- mittee recommended that the Senate recede from cer- tain of its amendments and that the House recede from COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 its disagreements to certain amendments of the Senate, and agreed to the same. The Senate cleared the bill for the President on Oc- tober 3, 1964, by concurring in House amendment (as modified by House action on same day when it receded and concurred with an amendment) to a Senate amend- ment. H.R. 12633 was signed by the President October 7, 1964 (P.L. 88-635). Included are supplemental funds for the Fish and Wildlife Service's two Bureaus--Com- mercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. For the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries there is $25,000 for increased administrative expenses for ves- sel loan program activity due to the Alaska earthquake and tidal wave in March 1964; and $2,500,000 for the fishing vessel construction subsidy program under P.L 88-498. TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM: The Senate and House on September 23, 1964, received a message (H. Doc. 366) from the President transmitting the eighth annual report on the operation of the Trade Agreement Program. Referred tothe Senate Committee on Finance and the House Committee on Ways and Means. TERRITORIAL WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES: On October 1, 4, Congressman Pelly spoke in the House concerning the need for the United States to ex- tend its fishing limits to 12 miles. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: edera ater Pollution Control Act A- mittee on Public Works, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 649), 29 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage (with amendments) of S. 649, to amend the Federal Water Pol- lution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, to provide rants for researchand development, to increase grants or construction of municipal sewage treatment works, to authorize the issuance of regulations to aid in pre- venting, controlling, and abating pollution of interstate waters, and for other purposes. Contains the purpose, general statement, and major provisions of the bill; views of the Committee; changes in existing law; text of the bill; minority views; and supplemental views of Re- presentatives Clausen and James. WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL: H. Rept. 1877, Water Resources Planning Act (September 4 1964, re- port from the Committee oninterior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 1111), 34 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage to provide for the optimum de- velopment of the Nation's natural resources through the coordinated planning of water and related land resources, through the establishment of a water resources council and river basin commission, and by providing financial assistance to the States in order to increase State par- ticipation in such planning. Contains the text, purpose, need, section-by-section analysis, and cost of the bill. Also, includes communications from various depart- ments regarding the bill. 124 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 —— = rs FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OF- FICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20402. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES, SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-3540 - Frozen Fishery Products, June 1964, 8 pp. CFS-3551 - Massachusetts Landings, January 1964, 6 pp. CFS-3552 - Louisiana Landings, 1963 Annual Summary, 8 pp. CFS-3553 - Shrimp Landings, January 1964, 5 pp. CFS-3555 - Shrimp Landings, February 1964, 5 pp. CFS-3557 - New York Landings, May 1964, 5 pp. CFS-3567 - Virginia Landings, April 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3568 - California Landings, May 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3572 - Rhode Island Landings, March 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3573 - Fish Meal and Oil, June 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3574 - Middle Atlantic Fisheries, 1963 Annual Sum- mary, 6 pp. CFS-3576 - New Jersey Landings, June 1964, 3 pp. SL-16 - Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, Flor- ida, 1963, 16 pp. (revised). Sep. No. 710 - Comparison of Salmon Catches in Mono- filament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II. Sep. No. 711 - Weights and Measures Activities in the USDI Fishery Products Standards and Inspection Programs, FL-336 - Commercial Fisheries Outlook, April-June 1964, 4 pp. FL-567 - Caviar and Other Fish Roe Products, by Nor- man D, Jarvis, 10 pp., May 1964. Covers the steps involved in processing grain caviar in barrels; salted and smoked cod roe; dry-salted, and air-dried and pressed mullet roe; salmon caviar; salted and air- dried tuna roe; and tuna caviar. SSR-Fish. No, 464 - Fish Schools and Bird Flocks in the Central Pacific Ocean, by Kenneth D, Waldron, 25 pp., illus., March 1964, SSR-Fish. No, 476 - Herring Fishery of the U. S. Pas- Samaquoddy Region, by Leslie W. Scattergood and Lewis J. Lozier, 25 pp., illus., March 1964. Le “RECENT és SO A A a le Os 8. 0+ yn 0p comme SE bes Do i ye ONS SSR-Fish. No. 481 - Air and Water Temperatures and Stream Flow Data, Convict Creek, Mono County, Cal- ifornia, 1950 to 1962, by Harry D. Kennedy, 50 pp., April 1964. Extent of Acid Mine Pollution in the United States Af- fecting Fish and Wildlife, by Edward C, Kinney, Cir- cular 91, 32 pp., illus., processed, June 1964. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, RM, 510, 1815 N. FORT MYER DR., ARLINGTON, VA, 22209. Number Title MNL-II - Fishing Industry in Spain, 1963, 8 pp. MNL-26 - Taiwan Fisheries in 1963, 21 pp., MNL-40 - Moroccan Fishing Industry, 1962/63, 19 pp. THE FOLLOWING PUBL! CATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED, (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, Jan- uary, February, March, and April, fo67. 3 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 21202.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Balti- more by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and comparisons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery prod- ucts on the Baltimore market; for the months indi- cated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data-July 1962 {5 pp. (Market News Service. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can- ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari- zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. Fishery and Oceanography Translations, no. 1, June 1584, 41 pp. SEeReEnEd (Branch of Reports, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, 20240.) The first of a new series established to provide information about translations of fishery and oceanography literature. Future issues of this periodical will include trans- lated Russian current titles, journal tables of con- tents, and short translations. In July 1963 the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Reports, established a Translation Program to disseminate information about Russian scientific literature, to November 1964 produce Russian translations for scientists, and to act as a clearinghouse for information on translations from all languages. The Translation Program main- tains a bibliographic file begun in 1959 and contain- ing records of nearly 5,000 completed translations and more than 300 translations in progress, In ad- dition, approximately 1,200 translations are available on interlibrary loan. This issue contains an article, "Russian serials of interest to aquatic biologists, fishery technologists, and oceanographers," by Kris- tian Fr. Wiborg and Paul T. Macy; and a list, "Trans- lations of fishery and oceanography literature, au- thors A-F," compiled by Paul T. Macy. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in_ Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, July 1564, co (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hamp- ton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beau- fort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp pro- duction; for the month indicated, New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, July 1964, 22 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fick and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex- vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); froz—n fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex- vessel prices by species; for the month indicated, North Pacific Oceanography, February-March 1963, by W. James Ingraham, + Data Report No. 3, 1 micro- fiche card, October 24, 1963, (Branch of Reports, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D, C, 20240.) Oceanographic Observations, 1961, East Coast of the United eaten by Joseph Chase, Data Report No. 1, 6 microfiche cards, illus., September 25, 1963, dis- tribution limited, (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, 20240.) This is the first in the new Data Report Series, which comprises reports that in- clude compilations of unanalyzed data collected during oceanographic, limnological, or biological investiga- tions. Each report will be serially numbered, issued separately, and paged separately. The reports will be distributed on 3- by 5-inch microfiche cards, Hard (full-size) copy will be available for purchase; how- ever, the microfiches will be free to a restricted mailing list of laboratories, libraries, state fishery agencies, research institutions, and researchscien- tists. Reports in this new series can be issued more quickly and cheaply and will occupy less storage space than the Special Scientific Reports--Fisheries in which such data were previously published, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 of Preliminary Results of the Systematic Screenin 4,306 wee unds as "Red-Tide’ Toxicants, by Ken- neth I’. Marvin and Raphael R. Proctor, Jr., Data Re- port No. 2, 3 microfiche cards, February 10, 1964, (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240.) Production of Fishery Products in Selected Areas of —“Waryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1963, by William N. Kefly, 33 pp., June 1964. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 447, Hampton, Va. 23369.) A summary of commer- cial landings of fish and shellfish and the production of crab meat and shucked oysters as reported by producers and wholesalers from selected principal fishing localities of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Discusses landings in the Hampton Roads, Lower Northern Neck, Lower Eastern Shore, and Chincoteague areas of Virginia; Ocean City, Cam- bridge, and Crisfield, Maryland; and Morehead City, North Carolina, Also covers landings by major spe- cies of finfish--scup, alewife, sea bass, tuna, fluke, gray sea trout, striped bass, croa ker, butter- fish, spot, shad, swordfish, and menhaden, Includes statistical tables on catches of the major finfish spe- cies, shrimp, and other shellfish; and landings by localities. Swordfish was landed in the area for the first time, with 14 long-line vessels participating in this fishery. Receipts and Prices of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Prod- 8 pp., illus., ucts at Chicago, 1963, by C.E. Cope, 5 September 1384, ishery Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 704, 610 S. Canal St., Chicago, 1. 60607.) Summarizes fishery products receipts and prices at Chicago during 1963. Notable events were the establishment of shrimp futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange; initiation of air shipments of Alaskan fresh-water fish to Chicago; and the perfecting of a yellow perch filleting machine. Statistical tables include data on receipts of fish and shellfish at Chicago wholesale market by species, states, and provinces, and by months; and wholesale market price ranges by months for fresh-water fish, frozen fillets, and oth- er frozen fish and shellfish. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected eras car Mee a igs” Monthly Summary, August 1904, 9 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash, 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the ex- changes; landings of halibut reported by the Inter- national Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of ot- ter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated, THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL- DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT 0402. Sea-Water Systems for for Ex erimental Aquariums, ed- ited by John R. Clark ane Roberta L. Clark, Re- 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW search Report 63, 192 pp., printed, 1964, $1.25. In- cludes 27 papers dealing with different sea-water systems ina number of Federal, state, and foreign marine laboratories. Should be of value to all who are concerned with fresh-water as wellas sea-water aquarium systems. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS IFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION UING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ACCLIMATIZATION: "Akklimatiizatsiya ryb vo vnutrennik vodoemakh Lat- viiskoi SSSR" (Acclimatization of fishes in the inland waters of the Latvian SSSR), by G, P. Andrushaitis, article, Akklimatizatsia Zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 212- 213, printed in Russian, 1963. ademiia Nauk Ka- zakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata, U.S.S.R. "Biologicheskoe obosnovanie i perspektivy akklimati- zatsii vesennenerestuyushchego siga v vazhneishikh vodokhranilishchakh SSSR" (Biological basis and prospects for the acclimatization of spring-spawning whitefish in the more important reservoirs of the USSR), by V.I. Anpilova, article, Akklimatizatsia Zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 214-216, printed in Russian, 1963. Aiecesntia Nauk Kazakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata, U.S.S.R. ALGAE: "Alginic acid," by Louis Lefur, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 58, March 18, 1963, 5458a, printed. aa American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20006. "Developing an unconventional food--algae--by con- tinuous culture under high light intensity,'’ by Robert O, Matthern and Robert B. Koch, article, Food Tech- nology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp. 59-65, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill. AMINO ACIDS: "Amino acid composition of defatted fish flour from oil sardine (Clupea longiceps),"' by S. B. Kadkol and N. L. Lahiri, article, emical Abstracts, vol, 58, February 4, 1963, 2781a, printed. American Chemi- cal Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006, "Seasonal influences on the free amino acids in fish muscle and their importance for quality,’ by F. Bramstedt,. article, Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswis- senschaft, supplement 3, 1963, p. 51, printed in Ger- man, Journal of Nutritional Science, Holzhofallee 35, Darmstadt, Germany. ANCHOVY: "The food and feeding habits of the anchoveta, Ceter- poe mysticetus,"' in the Gulf of Panama, by Wil- lam H, Baylift, article, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 7, no. 6, 136s, pp. 456-459, printed in Spanish and English, Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif, Vol. 26, No. 11 "Nekotorye sravnitel'nye dannye 0 razmnozhenii an- chousa Engraulis encrasicholus L."' (Some compara- tive data on the reproduction of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus L.), by T. V. Dekhnik, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 144-151, illus., printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiolo- gicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. ANIMAL NUTRITION: "Microbiological evaluation of protein quality with Tetrahymena pyriforms W. I--Characteristics of growth of the organisms and determination of rela- tive nutritive values of intact proteins,'' by W. R. Fernell and G. D. Rosen, article, British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 10, 1956, pp. 143-155, illus., printed, Cambridge University Press, 32 E. 57th St., New York, N. Y. 10022, ANTIBIOTICS: "Test on the storage of white fish in ice with added aureomycin,"’ by F. Soudan, J.R. Crepey, and M, Du- bost, article, Revue des Travaux, Institut Scientifique et Technique des Péches Maritimes, vol. 27, no, 2, June 1963, pp. 311-20, illus., printedinFrench. Institut Sci- entifique et Technique des Péches Maritimes, 59 Ave. Raymond Poincare, Paris XVI, France. ARGENTINA: “Numerosas adhesiones recibe el Primer Congreso de Promocion Pesquera Bonaerense a Realizarse en el mes de Mayo en la ciudadde Mar del Plata" (Many participants admitted to the First Congress for the Promotion of Fisheries in Buenos Aires Province, to take place in the month of May in the city of Mar del Plata), article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol. 11, no, 128, April 1964, p. 3) printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No. 774, La Plata, Ar- gentina. "Piscicultura del pejerrey--Dependencias de la Estacion Hidrobiologica de Chascomus" (Pond cul- ture of the pejerrey--Branch of the Hydrobiological Station at Chascomus), by Fernando C, Ramirez and Haydee A. Macioci, article, Asuntos A rarios, vol. 11, no, 129, May 1964, p. 5, illus., printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No, 774, La Plata, Argentina. "Piscicultura del pejerrey. IV--Expedicion y siembra de alevinos" (Pond culture of the pejerrey. IV-- Field trip and planting of fingerlings), by Fernando C. Ramirez and Haydee A. Macioci, article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol. 11, no. 128, April 1964, p. 5, illus., printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones, Avda, 51, No. 774, La Plata, Argentina. "kl Primer Congreso de Promocion Pesquera Bon- aerense establecio las bases para el mejor aprove- chamiento de nuestra riqueza icticola'' (The First Congress for the Promotion of Fisheries in Buenos Aires Province established the necessary bases for the better development of our ichthiological riches), article, Asuntos Agrarios, vol, 11, no. 129, May 1964, pp. 1, 8-10, illus., printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones, Avda. 51, No. 774, La Plata, Ar- gentina, BEL GIUM: Officiele Lijst der Belgische Vissersvaartuigen, 1964 (Official List of Belgian Fishing Vessels, 14); vs) pp., printed in Flemish, 1964, Ministerie van Ver- keersweezn, en van Post, Telegraaf en Telfoon, Brussels, Belgium. November 1964 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. BUFFALOFISH: Wholesale Market Demand for Buffalofish, by Marsha A, Walters, 72 pp., processed, September 1961, Uni- versity of Arkansas, College of Business Adminis- tration, Industrial Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, Ark. BYPRODUCTS: "Fish for meal and oil. Part 2--South Africa," by J. A. Lovern, article, News Summary, no, 14, May 1964, pp. 14-16, processed in Enalish with French, Ger- man, and Spanish summaries, limited distribution, International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, 70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. The main fish species used for meal and oil manufacture in South Africa are the pilchard Hos ocellata) and the maasbanker or horse mackere rachurus trachurus), The oil content shows a similar range, with commer- cial yields ranging from about 3 gallons to over 20 gallons per short ton, with an average of about 11. Pilchard oil is more unsaturated than maasbanker oil, the respective iodine values being 172-203 and 142-164, CANADA: Fisheries Statistics, Nova Scotia, 1962, 46 pp., illus., printed in French and English, July 1964, 75 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, Consists of tables showing quantity and value of landings in Nova Scotia during 1950-1962 by species; value of fishery products, 1950-1962; clas- sification of fishing vessels in Nova Scotia by weight, length, fisheries districts, and type of gear used, 1961/1962; new capital investment in the Nova Scoti- an fishery, 1962; number of fishermen and persons engaged in the major fisheries, 1961/1962. CARP: "Fish eat weeds to aid power plant operation," article, Science News Letter, vol. 86, no. 9, August 29, 1964, p. 139, printed, single copy 15 cents. Science Sery- ice, 1719 N St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20036, CHARTS: U.S. Lake Survey Catalog of Charts of the Great Lakes “and Outflow Rivers (also Lake Champlain, New York State Barge Canal System, Minnesota-Ontario Border Lakes), Edition of 1964/1965, 25 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Technical Publications Branch, U.S. Army Engineer District, Lake Survey, Corps of Engineers, 630 Federal Bldg., Detroit 26, Mich. Charts listed in this catalog were prepared by the U.S, Lake Sur- vey, whose mission is the preparation and publica- tion of navigation charts and pilots covering the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, New York State Barge Canal System, and the Minnesota-Ontario Border Lakes; the study of matters affecting the hydrology of the Great Lakes, including the necessary hydrographic and re- lated surveys; and research pertinent to the develop- ment and improved utilization of the water resources of the Great Lakes System, Included for each chart listing is information on locality, scale, size, and price, COLD STORAGE: "The effect of temperature on the spoilage rate of wet white fish,"' by R. Spencer and C, R. Baines, article, Food Technology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp. 175-179, printed. The otblite Press, 510 N. Hickory, Cham- paign, Ml, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE "Nouveau procede pour la conservation par le froiddes crustaces a l'état frais" (A new process for the cold storage of fresh crustaceans), article, La Revue de la Conserve, vol. 18, no. 3, May-June 1963, p. 177, printed in French, Société d'Edition pour ]'Alimen- tation, 1 Rue de la Reale, Paris 1, France, "Vom trawler ins lagerhaus an der wasserstrasse"' (From the trawler directly to the wharf cold store), article, Ties Kuhlkette, no. 91, July 1963, p. 16, print- ed in German. H.E. Albrecht Verslag KG., Freiha- merstrasse No, 2, Munich, Germany. COMPOSITION: "Chemical composition of fish and fish products," by H. Houwing, article, Voeding, vol. 24, 1963, p. 170, printed. Netherlands Journal of Nutrition, Komingin- nengracht 42, The Hague, Netherlands. "Trace elements in far-Eastern fish, crustaceans and mollusks,"' by K,M. Mershina, N. M. Khalina and A. I. Krasnitskaya, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, November 25, 1963, 13270f, printed. American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, "Variations in the chemical composition of three fresh- water fishes of Bhavanisagar reservoir," by A. Sre- enivasan and M, V, Natarajan, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol, 8, October 1961, pp. 436-439, print- ed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Government of India, New Delhi, India. CONGO REPUBLIC: Foreign Trade Regulations of the Republic of the Congo TLeopoldville), OBR 64-61, 8 pp., printe orne tear cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Discusses the Congo Republic's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, docu- mentation and fees, and labeling and marking require- ments. Also covers special customs provisions, non- tariff import controls, and Government representa- tion between the Congo and the United States. CONTAINERS: Examen del Cierre de la Lata (Investigation of Can Seams), by Jose J. Franco Betancourt, Boletin de Divulgacion Tecnica, No, 1, 15 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English abstract, October 1963, Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras del Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba, "Foam-lined cans for freeze-dried foods," article, Modern Pa cea gine vol, 36, January 1963, p. 70, print- ed. Diese ications Inc., 575 Madison Ave., New York 22, N.Y. CRABS: "Chemical control of the green crab, Carcinus maenas (Be by Robert W. Hanks, article, Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries Association, , vol, 52, pp. 75-86, printed, 19635, National Shellfisheries As- sociation, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Glouces- ter Point, Va. Crabs of Texas, by Sandra Pounds Leary, Bulletin No. 43, Series 7, Coastal Fisheries, 57 pp., illus., print- 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE ed, revised 1964, Texas Parks and Wildlife Depart- ment, John H. Reagan State Office Bldg., Austin, Tex. Designed to aid the occasional visitor to the Texas Coast in identifying at least the general group to which a particular crab may belong and to answer some of the many questions which arise concerning those crustacea. Bulletin devoted primarily to the commercial blue crab and the stone crab. "King crab tagging methods in Alaska,'' by Murray L. Hayes, article, North Atlantic Fish Marking S - osium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. = [Ee print- ed, 1963. International Commission for the North- west Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Ocean- Ography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. "Nutritive value of crab meat," article, Food Manu- facture, vol. 39, April 1964, p. 60, printed. Leonard Hill, Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., LondonNW1, England. "Progress on blue crab research in the South Atlan- tic, by George H. Rees, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, ‘iia EI Session, November 1962, pp. 100-115, printed, April 963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. "O sostoyanii zapasov Kamchatskogo krabau zapadnogo poberezh'ya Kamchatki"’ (Condition of king crab-- Paralithodes camtschatica--stocks on the western coast of Kamchatka), by M. M. Lavrent'ev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 39, no. 2, 1963, pp. 19-25, Thus. printed in Russian, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. CRAYFISH: Habitat of Crayfish in Poland (Rozsiedlenie Rakow w Polsce), by Jozef Kossakowski, -11397, 5 pp., illus., processed, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Polish Gospodarka Rybna, no, 5, 1956, pp. 9-10.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. CUBA: Cuban Center of Fishery Research, by R: Buesa, JPRS 4, 8 pp., processed, May 19, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiya, vol. 4, no, 2, 1964.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230, Las Pesquerias Cubanas (The Cuban Fisheries), by “Rene J. Buesa, Contribution No, 20, 90 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English abstract, February 1964, Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba. Deals with the characteristics of Cuban fishery ac- tivities and developments, fishing grounds, fleet and gear, and number of fishermen, Establishes the yield rates for both cooperatives and government fishing organizations according to seasons, fishing gear, and fishing grounds. Also includes a list of marine spe- cies of major commercial value, DECOMPOSITION: "Significance of decomposition of adenosinetriphosphate in fish muscle at temperature around -2° C," by M. Bito and K. Amano, article, Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 32, 1962, pp. 149- 153, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Tsu- kishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. DOLPHIN: "Sea intelligence: the dolphin,’ by Barbara Tufty, ar- ticle, Science News Letter, vol. 86, no. 9, August 29, 1964, pp. 138-139, illus., printed, single copy 15 cents. Science Service, 1719 N St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20036. Describes the anatomy and"'personality’ of the dolphin, the history of man's interest in this mammal, and some of the research being conducted with it at the Communications Research Institute, Miami, Fla. The dolphin's intelligence and eager- ness to learn may help in a first step towards man's communicating with animals and learning more about the sea. ECUADOR: A "Apuntes e informaciones sobre las pesquerias en la Provincia de Manabi'' (Memoranda and information on the fisheries in the Province of Manabi), article, Boletin Informativo, vol. 1, no. 2, 1964, pp. 1-66, Illus., printed in Spanish, s/. 6.00 (US$0.35). Insti- tuto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecua- dor, Discusses in detail the coastal fishery for shrimp, spiny lobster, and finfish; and the offshore tuna fish- ery. EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE: Final Act of the European Fisheries Conference, Lon- don, Dec. 3, 1963 to March 2, . With Fisheries Convention, Protocol of Provisional Applicationjand Agreements as to Transitional Rights. London, March 9 to April 10, 1964, Mieceliancete No, 11 (Cmnd. 2355), printed, 1964, 2s. 7d. (50 U.S. cents). Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 3rd Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022. FACTORYSHIP: "Baza-przetwornia B 64 typu 'Pioniersk'"’ (Factory- mothership B 64 type ''Pioniersk"), by Janusz Stas- zewski and Stanislaw Paszkowski, article, Budownic- two Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 6, June 1964, pp. 189-198, Tllus., printed in Polish with English summary. Wy- dawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych Not, Warsaw, Czackiego 3/5, Poland. On December 10, 1963, the factory-mothership Pioniersk, built by the Gdansk Shipyard for the Soviet fisheries, was commissioned, This article deals with the vessel's construction, its performance at sea, the part played by motherships in deep-sea fisheries, and accomplishments of those vessels. Topics covered include stability, hull con- struction, deck equipment, accommodation plan, fire fighting devices, holds, engineroom, electric equip- ment, repair shop, pipelines, freezing and processing plant, and delivery trials. Included are plans, dia- grams, and photographs of the vessel. FATTY ACIDS: ; "Origin of the characteristic fatty acid composition of aquatic organisms," by Tibor Farkas and Sandor He- rodek, article, Chemical abstracts, vol. 58, June 10, 1963, 12893g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D, C, 20006. "Quantitative analysis of fatty acid esters of marine animal oils by gas-liquid chromatography, by Su- November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 129 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE ketaka Ito and Kazuo Fukuzumi, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58, June 10, 1963, 12778e, printed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington, D, C. 20006. FISH FINDER: "Telemetric estimation of set net catches by fish find- er,'' by T. Koyama, article, Bulletin of Tokai Region- al Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 32, 1962, pp. Tm in J T-147, illus., printed in Japanese with English sum- mary. Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Labora- tory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, FISH KILLS: "So what did kill the fish?" by Warren Kornberg, ar- ticle, Chemical Week, vol. 95, no, 4, July 25, 1964, pp. 19-26, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036. Reports on the Mississippi fish kill in the fall 1963, and congressional hearings on the subject. FISH-LIVER OIL: "Influence of various materials on the quality of cod- liver oil. I--Metals and synthetic materials," by H.J. Papenfuss, article, Fischereiforschung, vol. 4, 1961, pp. 25-67, printed in German, Institut fur Hochseefischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock- Marienehe, East Germany, FISH MEAL: "Assessment of protein quality in fish meal," by J. A. Lovern, article, News Summary, no, 14, May 1964, pp. 45-53, processed in English with French, Ger- man, and Spanish summaries, limited distribution, International Association of Fish Meal Manufactur- ers, 70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. Dis- cusses the structure of proteins, their digestion and utilization in the body, and chemical tests for pro- tein quality, "Quality of fish meals and their evaluation by chemi- cal methods," by H. Dohler, article, Nutrition Ab- stracts and Reviews, vol. 34, 1964, p. 45, printed. Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Nutrition, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland. "Utilization of fish byproducts as cattle feed: influence of the method of manufacture on the digestibility and nutritive value of 'manthal! fish meal," by S.S, Negi and N.D. Kehar, article, Journal of Scientific and In- dustrial Research, vol. 21C, 2; pp. 324-028, print- ed, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Old Mill Rd., New Delhi 2, India, FISH OIL: "Composition of fatty acid mixtures of various fish oils,’ by E, Klenk and D, Eberhagen, article, Chemi- cal Abstracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 14303d, printed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D, C, 20006. FISH PASSAGE: "Fish passage research in the Columbia River Basin," by Gerald B, Collins, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth North American Wildlife and Natural esources Conference March 4,5,-and 6, 1963, pp. - , printed, 1963. Wildlife Management Insti- tute, Wire Bldg., Washington, D, C, 20005. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Changes in the vitamins B, and By and PP content dur- ing the manufacture and atoveee of fish flour," by V. I. Treshcheva, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, July 22, 1963, 2104f, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C, 20006, "Enrichment of bread with fish flour for human con- sumption, 1--Study of baking and acceptability tests," by Gonzalo Donoso and others, News Summary, no, 14, _ May 1964, pp. 78-92, peccicecdninnteec clue ated. International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, 70 Wigmore St., London W1, England. The purpose of the study covered in this report was to ascertain the highest percentage of enrichment of bread with fish flour for human consumption manufactured in Chile which would be acceptable to the consumer. Bread- making tests were carried out with dough enriched with 3, 6, 9, and 12 percent of fish flour (replacing corresponding quantities of wheat flour), The tech- nological aspect of bread-making was considered, and subsequently the acceptability of the product through flavor tests with individual adults at various cultural levels and with children in primary schools, The re- port includes, besides a description of the tests, tech- nical specifications for the preparation of the bread, remarks on the alteration of its quality with addition of fish flour, and standards for the classification of its organoleptic and general qualities. FLOUNDER: Catches of Flounder PLEURONECTES FLESUS L, in the Bornholm Deep in 1951-1955 (Stornia--Pleuro- nectes flesus L.--w Potowach w Rejonie Bornholms- kin w Latach 1951-1955), by Zbigniew Reimann, OTS 61-11365, 26 pp., illus., processed, 1964, 50 cents. (Translated from the Polish, Prace Morskiego Insty- tutu Rybackiego w Gdyni, no, 107A-1859- pp. 71-450.) Office of atlcal ervices, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, 20230. FLYINGFISH: The Flying Fishes (EXOCOETIDAE) of the Northwest “Pacific, ey N. Parin, = 1; 84 pp., illus., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Aka- demiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta eee kee Tse0, pp. 205-285. ffice of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. FRANCE: "L"evolution de la congelation dans la peche maritime (France)" (Evolution of freezing in sea-fishery), by A. Andre, article, Revue Pratique du froid, vol. 16, no, 211, October 1963, pp. B1-3o, printed in French. Federation nationale des activites frigorifiques, 254 rue de Vaugirard, Paris XV, France, FREEZE-DRYING: "Azeotropic freeze-drying," by H.E. Wistreich and J. A. Blake, article, Science, vol, 138, no. 3537, 1962, p. 138, printed. American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave, NW,, Wash- ington, D, C. 20005, Conference on Freeze- ing of Foods, Chicago, 1961 dited by Frank R, Fisher, 246 pp., illus., printed, edite 1962. Quartermaster Research and Engineering Com- 130 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. mand, U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps, Washing- ton, D. C, "Developments in freeze-drying 1963," article, Jour- nal of Refrigeration, vol. 6, no. 3, May-June 1964, pp. 64-65, printed. Foxlow Publishers, Ltd., 19 Harcourt St., London W1, England. "The freeze-drying of foodstuffs. Future trends," by K. Bird, article, Marketing Transport Situation, Au- gust 1963, pp. 26-32, illus., panes Marketing Economics Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 20250, "A practical guide for selection of freeze-drying equipment, ' article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol, 25, no. 12, July 1963, pp. 103-105, illus., printed. E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 82 Wall St., New York, N. Y. 10005, "Protein changes in freeze-dried muscle," by W. Part- mann and G, Nemitz, article, Zeitschrift fur Lebens- mittel-Untersuchung und - Forschung, vol. 120, no. 3 pp. 190-192, ee German. S riviger Verlag, 3 Heidelberger Platz, Wilmersdorf, Berlin, Germany. "Taste tests rate freeze-dried foods," article, Infor- mation Bulletin, T.R.R.F., no. 63, August 1963, p. 1, printed. The Refrigeration Research Foundation, 12 N. Meade Ave., Colorado Springs, Colo. FREEZING ON BOARD: "Das frieren von fisch auf see mit 'Jackstone-Plat- tengefrierapparaten' vertikaler bauart'’ (Freezing of fish on board with the Jackstone vertical plate freezer), article, Kalte, vol. 16, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 214-216, illus., printed in German. Hans A. Keune Verlag, Pressehaus, 1 Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany. "Gefrieranlagen auf hochseetrawlern" (Freezing plants on board high-sea trawlers), by E. Strohrmann, ar- ticle, Kalte, vol, 16, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 211-213, illus., printed in German. Hans A, Keune Verlag, Pressehaus, 1 Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany. Progress in the Development of Freezing on Board the British Distant-Water Trawler Fleet, by G.C. Eddie, Torry Memoir No, 140, 13pp., printed inEng- lish with French summary, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, FRESH-WATER FISH: Our Freshwater Fishes, Educational Series, Picture fos, 1, 2, 6, and 4, 1964, $1.50 a set. An education- al series of four 6x9-inch plastic-coated cards show- ing 36 species of fresh-water fish in full-color photo- graphs. In spite of the fact that color photographs are quite common today, there is still a lack of good color photographs of fish and other marine animals. The pictures shown on these cards show the color of living fish--something which is difficult to capture. Each card shows nine species of fish, and the back of the card has concise life history notes on each fish, The fish shown on the cards are: bluegill, smallmouth bass, black crappie, pumpkinseed, large- mouth bass, green sunfish, northern longear sunfish, rock bass, warmouth, lake trout, sea lamprey, yel- low perch, brown trout, brook trout, lake whitefish, rainbow trout, walleye or yellow pike, brown bull- head, black bullhead, and lake sturgeon. Alsoshown are: longnose gar, bowfin, carp, white sucker, river redhorse, white bass, channel catfish, freshwater drum, northern pike, golden shiner, muskellunge, grass pickerel, common shiner, tiger muskie, creek chub, and river chub, Teachers, educators, students, biologists, researchers, restaurants, and dealers will find these color photograph cards ideal for differen- tiating between and identifying the most common fresh-water fish species. Others interested in fish- eries will find that the cards would lend themselves to framing. The author-photographer also has com- pleted 11 fish pictures for the Society for Visual Ed- ucation's 13x18-inch cards for schools; he is also able to supply transparencies of about 50 species of fresh-water fish. --Joseph Pileggi "Razmnozhenie osnovnykh promyslovykh rby v Che- remshanskom zalive Kuibyshevskogo vodokranilish- cha v 1960 i 1961 gg."' (Reproduction of the principal commercial fishes in the Cheremshan inlet of Kuiby- shev Reservoir in 1960 and 1961), by V.M. Chikova, article, Materialy Pobiologii i Gidrologii Volzhskikh VWoudchrneshehel pp. = } printed in Russian, 1963. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FROZEN FISH: "Zur frage des eniflusses postmortaler veranderungen auf die qualitat von gefrierfisch" (Effect of post- mortem changes on the quality of frozen fish), by W. Partmann and J, Gutschmidt, article, Kaltetechnik, vol, 15, no, 6, June 1963, pp. 170-177; no, 7, July 1963, pp. 200-204, illus., printed in German. Verlag C.F. Miller, Karlsruhe, Germany. FUR SEALS: "Evolution of fur seal management on the Pribilof Is- lands,'' by Alton Y. Roppel and Stuart P, Davey, arti- cle, Science in Alaska, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Alaskan Science Conference, eee Au- st 27-30, 1963, pp. 67-60, printed. Executive Sec- retary, Alaska Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, College, Alaska. GEAR: "A modified Petersen grab," by J. Flury, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no, 6, 1963, pp. 1549-1550, illus., printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, "O rabote setevyborochnykh mashin razlichnykh typov" (On working performance of net-hauling machines of different types), by R. T. Mikhailov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 38, no, 1, 1962, pp. 59-64, aE printed in Russian, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Sinteticheskiye materialy dlya osnastki orudi lova"' (Synthetics for fishing gear), by V. V. Borishchev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 39, no, 2, 1963, pp. 63-67, illus., printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. GENERAL: Fish and Wildlife, Price List 21, 15 pp., printed, April {49th Edition), Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. A complete list of publications on fish and wildlife subjects for sale by the Government Printing November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Office. to subject, with catalog number, total pages, date of publication, and price included, An occasional de- scriptive sentence is shown, GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: "Republique Federale d'Allemagne: La modernisation de la flotte de grande peche et le programme d'aide gouvernementale" (Federal Republic of Germany: Modernization of the distant-water fishing fleet and the government's aid program), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 43, no. 1035, June 20, 1964, pp. 443- , lllus., printed in French, single copy 20 francs (about US$4.05), La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris 8©, France, GLAZING: "Experiment of protective effect of paste glazingmade from methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellu- lose and hydroxyethylcellulose," by K, Tanaka, arti- cle, Refrigeration (Reito), vol. 38, no. 427, May 1963, pp. I-13, printed. Japanese Association of Refriger- ation, Kenchiku Kaikan Bldg., 3-1 Ginza Nishi, Chuo- ku, Tokyo, Japan, GREECE: Foreign Trade Regulations of Greece, by A. Russell Homer, OBRGIEE- 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For sale by the Su- perintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Discusses Greece's trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements, Also covers spe- cial customs provisions, nontariff import controls, and Government representation between Greece and the United States, HADDOCK: "Further field experiments with tags for haddock," by Albert C,. Jensen, article, North Atlantic Fish Mark- te mposium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. 194- , printed, 1963, International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N, S,, Can- ada. "Haddock tag returns in relation to fish condition," by John P, McDermott and Robert Livingstone, Jr., ar- ticle, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Spe- cial Publication No. 4, pp. si6-31F, printed, 1963, International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O, Box 638, Dartmouth, N, S., Canada, "A study of the vertical distribution of larval haddock," by David Miller, John B, Colton, Jr., and Robert R. Marak, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 28, no. 1, August 1963, pp. 3-49, printed, Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlot- tenlund Slot, Denmark, HAKE: “An analysis of silver hake tag returns,"' by Raymond . Fritz, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. xT4-3Te printed, 1963, International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S, Canada, Titles are compiled alphabetically according | HERRING: "Caught in a hail of herring," by Edgar P, Young, ar- ticle, World eee April 1964, pp. 60, 63-64, illus., printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England, An ac- count of six cruises by the Soviet research submarine Severyanka in the Barents Sea, January 1959-July . servations were made off the Murmansk coast of the way in which herring and other fish be- have and distribute themselves during their winter migration, when they are usually in a somnolent con- dition, Observations of plankton concentrations, as well as conditions for best observing trawl opera- tions, were carried out, These cruises, besides pro- ducing much interesting information which is of prac- tical use for the fishing industry, have vindicated the great value of submarines as instruments for carry- ing out research in oceanography and gear utilization. "Forecast for Scottish North Sea and west coast herring fisheries in 1964," by B. B. Parrish and A. Saville, article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, no. 21, June 1964, pp. 3-5, printed, Fisheries Division, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburg, Scotland, "New techniques in herring fishing," by Jakob Jakobs- son, article, Iceland Review, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964, pp. 44-46, 49, illus., printed, single copy 50 Icelandic Kronur (about US$1.16). Iceland Review, P.O, Box 1238, Reykjavik, Iceland, "Prisposobitel'nye i izmeneniya rosta salaki Clupea harengus membras L. Rizhskogo zaliva v svyaz1s Obespechennost'yu pishchei" (Adaptive changes in the growth rates of herring, Clupea harengus membras L., of the Gulf of Riga in connection wi the availa- bility of food), by A. V. Chepurnoy, article, ee Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 124-130, printe In Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheska- ia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "A revision of the recent round herrings (Pisces: Dus- sumieriidae)," by P. J. P. Whitehead, article, British Museum (Natural History) Bulletin, vol. 10, no, 6, > Pp. 305-380, illus., printed, British Museum (Natural History), London, England, "Scales and earstones reveal age of Atlantic herring," by H.C. Boyar, article, Maine Field Naturalist, vol. 19, no. 3, March 1963, 2 pp., printed. Maine Audubon Society, and Portland Society of Natural History, 22 Elm St., Portland, Maine. "O sel'dyanom rybolovstve v zapadnoi Atlantike" (On herring fishing in the western Atlantic), by I. G. Yudanov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 39, no, 2, 1963, pp. 14-18, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'- skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. ICHTHYOLOGY: The Study of Fishes Made ~T59 pp., illus., printed, 1 den City, N.Y. Simple, by Eugene V, Mohr, $62. Doubleday & Co., Gar- INDIAN OCEAN: Indian Ocean Project. Measurements of Currents Along the Equator in the Indian Ocean, by John A, eee one Beace A, Taft, Fpp.; illus., printed, 1963. (Reprinted from Nature, vol. 198, no, 4878, 1963.) . 132 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Rhode Island University, Narragansett Marine Lab- oratory, Kingston, R.I. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: (International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission) Annual Report, 1963, 45 pp., illus., printed, 1964. In- fennel Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, P.O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada. Describes the adverse effects of interruption infish- ing by strikes or lockouts on total racial production of Fraser River sockeye salmon populations; history of salmon runs in thatarea; and results of regulation of the catches. Discusses the 21 formal meetings of the Commisssion held in 1963; regulations for fish- ing in Canadian and United States Convention wa- ters, and emergency amendments promulgated; the sockeye salmon fishery, escapement, and rehabilita- tion; the pink salmon fishery, origin of catch, and escapement; and watershed protection of salmon riy- ers by means of flood control, fishway construction, and other devices, Includes statistical data on sock- eye salmon catch by gear; cyclic landings and packs of sockeye from Convention waters; daily catches of sockeye and pinks from United States and Canadian Convention waters; Indian catches of sockeye; and escapement of sockeye and pinks to Fraser River and other spawning areas, North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Report of the Second Meeting, Ma 1964, pp., processed in French and English, 1964, North-East Atlantic Fish- eries Commission, Rm. 617, East Block, Whitehall Pl., London SW1, England. Contains a report of the proceedings of the second meeting of the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, The Hague, May 12- 15, 1964. The 14 member Governments, all in Eu- rope, were represented by delegations; the United States Government, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) sent observers. The Commission ruled on the area for application of minimum mesh size reg- ulations; extended permission for use of top-side chafers on vessels until January 1, 1966; and agreed to special arrangements for allowing small boats to fish for whiting with small mesh nets in the Skage- rak-Kattegat area of the North Sea. The Commis- sion decided to request the ICES to conduct: an as- sessment of effects of top-side chafers on net selec- tivity; a reassessment of fish stocks in the north- eastern part of the Convention Area; a study of the spiny dogfish stock and the effect of possible conser- vation measures; and a continuing study of herring stocks. Agreement was reached on the need for a system of international control of fisheries on the high seas for enforcement of conservation measures. Therefore a resolution was passed that a special committee, on which all member Countries would be represented, should be established to study the prac- tical problems involved and to make suggestions to the Commission at its next meeting. Plans were made to hold the third meeting in Moscow, May 11, 1965. ITALY: Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, vol, 18, no. 1, January-June F pp., illus., printed in Italian with English abstracts, single copy L. 1,200 (about US$1.90). Laboratorio Centrale di Idrobiolo- gia, Piazza Borghese, 91, Rome, Italy. Includes, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 among others, articles on: ''Sul problema igienico della conservazione degli alimenti: prove organolet- tiche e sperimental]i per differenziare il pesce scon- gelato dal pesce fresco semplicemente refrigerato" (Some hygienic problems of food preservation: organoleptic inspection and laboratory tests for dif- ferentiating frozen fish from refrigerated fish), by Stefano Caracciolo; and ''La pesca con la rete 'gang- amella' nel golfo di Napoli" (Fishing with the 'gang- amella"' trawl net in the Gulf of Naples), by Mario Santarelli and Giuseppe Micale. JAPAN: Data Record of Oceane raphic Observations one loratory Fis ing, No. 8, 311 pp., illus., printed in Saeneee an nglish, March 1964, The Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. Covers exploratory cruises to the Coral Sea, the Southern Kurile Waters, Okhotsk Sea, Indian Ocean, Bering Sea, and Northwestern North Pacific, 1962/1963. Measures Planned for Implementation for the Coastal Fisheries in 1964, 29 pp., printed in Japanese, Japa- nese Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, ‘'White paper" on Japan's fisheries prepared for submission to the 46th (Regular) Diet Session. 1963 Annual Report on Fisheries Trends (Part 1--Re- port on Fisheries Trends. Part 2--Report on Meas- ures Implemented for the Coastal Fisheries.), 112 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Japanese Fisheries Agen- cy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2-1, Ka- sumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ''White Pa- per" on Japan's fisheries prepared for submisssion to the 46th (Regular) Diet Session. JELLYFISH: "Opredeleniie meduzy v tolshche vody"' (Determination of the presence of jellyfish in midwater), by M. I. Spectorov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 37, no, 12, 1961, pp. 38-39, illus., printed in Russian, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. LIVESTOCK FEED: "A comparison of Queensland whalemeals and fish meals as a protein supplement for grain-fed pigs,'' by A.C.E, Todd, article, Australian Journal of Experi- mental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, vol. 3, p. 69, Saecs Australian Journal of Experimental Ag- riculture and Animal Husbandry, 226 Clarendon Sts East Melbourne C2, Victoria, Australia. "Effect of the conditions of flame drying on the biolog- ical value of herring meals for pigs,’ by J. Delort- Laval and S, Z, Zelter, article, Annales Zootechnie, vol, 12, 1963, p. 193, printed in French. Institut Na- tional de la Recherche Agronomique, 149 Rue de Grenelle, Paris (7©), France, Fisheries Management and Fish Byproducts in Live- “stock Feeding, U.S.S.R., OTS PER EEE 383, 33 pp., illus., processed, June 1, 1964, $1. (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no, 2, 1964.) Office of Technical anon) lisss Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. "Herring meal, antioxidants and meat products - re- sults of feeding trials,’ by H. Astrup, H. Hvidsten, November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH ANO WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. and L, Aure, article, Zeitschrift fur Tierph siologie Tierernahrung Futtermittelkunde, vol. 17, toes Pp. 325, printed in German with English summary, Ver- lag Paul Parey, Spitalerstrausse 12, Hamburg, Ger- many. "Quality and quantity of protein in fattening rations for pigs. I--Soyabean meal, spray-dried skimmed milk and fish meal as protein supplements for rapid fattening of pigs,"' by F. Witczak, M. Kotarbinska, and F, Abgarowicz, article, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, vol, 34, 1964, pp. 262, printed, Common- wealth Bureau of Animal Nutrition, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, LOBSTER: "Artificial hatching and rearing of lobsters--a review, " by H. J. Thomas, article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, no, 21, June 1964, pp. 6-9, printed, Fisheries Divi- sion, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburg, Scotland. LUMPFISH: Review of Genera and Species of Fishes of the Sub- family Cyclopterinae (Pisces) (Obzor Rodov i Vidov Ryb ree ia Cyclopterinae (Pisces), by G. U. Lindberg and M.I. Legeza, OTS 61-31032, 75 pp., illus., processed, 1964, 75 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Aka- demii Nauk SSSR, vol. 18, 1355, pp. 389-458.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230, MACKEREL: "Tsitofiziologicheskii analiz raspredeleniya molodi 'krupnoi' stavridy (Trachurus mediterraneus ponti- cus) v severnom i vostochnom raionakh chernogo morya" (Cytophysiological analysis of distribution of the young of "large' horse mackerel--Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus--in the northern and eastern Black Sea regions), by Yu. P, Altukhov, article, Zoo- ao Zhurnal, vol, 42, no. 4, 1963, pp. 589- , illus., printed in Russian with English summary. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010. MAINE: 22nd Biennial Report (for Period July 1, 1960 to June 30, F pp., illus., printed. Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, State of Maine, State House, Augusta, Maine. Reviews the programs of the De- partment of Sea and Shore Fisheries, 1960/62, with details on enforcement, inspection, supervision of salt-water sport fishing, rivers and harbors projects, progress in the lobster industry, proposed lobster research, assistance to the sardine industry, and other topics, Also covers work of the Promotionand Marketing Division in providing publicity, quality con- trol, and other assistance to Maine's commercial fisheries. Chapters on accomplishments of the En- forcement, Marine Research, and Statistics Divisions are included, MARINE ALGAE: The Marine Algae of Jamaica. Part 1--Myxophyceae and Chi hi Part 2--Phaeophyceae a | Rho- Chap orophyceae, 2 doph' ceae, Ee VS. man, Bulletin of the Institute of poet Science Series, No, 12, 160 pp.,and 201 pp., respectively, illus., printed, 1961 and 1963. The Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. MENHADEN: The Texas Menhaden Fisher: by Ernest G, Simmons and Josep . Breuer, Bulletin No. 45, Series No, 2, Coastal Fisheries, 16 pp., illus., printed revised 1964, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, John H. Rea- gan State Office Bldg., Austin, Tex. Discusses the biology, fishing operations, products, and economic value of the menhaden, one of the Gulf of Mexico's most valuable fish. Includes photographs and ex- planatory diagrams. MEXICO: Anuario Estadistico de Actividades Pesqueras en Aguas Territoriales Mexicanas, 1 ica. nnual Statis- eport of Fishery Activities in Mexican Terri- torial Waters, 1958), 347 pp., printed in Spanish, 1963. Direccion General de Pesca‘e Industrias Conexas, Secretaria de Industria y Comercio, Mexico, D.F. Contains statistical tables on quantity and value of landings in Mexico during 1958 by species, by states and territories, and by months; quantity of processed edible and industrial fishery products by types; pro- duction of fish and shellfish by cooperatives and by private industry; and other similar data. MINK FEED: "Increasing amounts of fish meal and whalemeat meal in feeds for young mink, and periodical feeding with 100 percent of the fresh animal feeds replaced by dried animal feeds,"' by G. Jérgensen, G, Hillemann, and H. Clausen, article, Dansk Pelsdyravl, vol. 26, 1963, p. 364, printed in Danish. are Peisdyravl, Sdeasdy 8, Copenhagen, Denmark, "Trials with different amounts of fish meal in the feed of young mink," by G. Jérgensen, article, Dansk Pels- dyravl, vol. 26, 1963, pp. 104, 106, 109, 171, 177, printed in Danish. Dansk Pelsdyravl, Sdeasdy 8, Co- penhagen, Denmark. MOROCCO: “La industria de conservas de pescado marroqui y el Mercado Comun" (The Moroccan fish canning indus - try and the Common Market), article, Industria Con- servera, vol. 30, no, 298, April 1964, pp. 93-54, printed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Conser- vas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain, MULLET: "The structure of polyenoic odd- and even-numbered fatty acids of mullet page cephalus)," by Nirmal Sen and Hermann Schlenk, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 41, March 1964, pp. 241-247, printed. American Oil Chemists' Society, 35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, 11. NETS: "Cook Inlet set-netters,"" by Dolores D, Roguszka, ar- ticle, Alaska Sportsman, vol, 30, no, 8, August 1964, pp. 6-11, 54, tine printed, single copy 50 cents. Alaska Sportsman, Suite 10, Box 1271, Juneau, Alaska. Adventure story of a Danish family of fishermen and its success with net fishing in Alaska, Readably written, the article contains numerous photographs, "Probleme der messwertubertragung vom netz zum schiff" (Problems connected with the transmission of measured quantities from the net to the vessel), by L. Wolff, article, Fischereiforschung, vol. 5, no. 5, 134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 1962, pp. 3-7, illus., printed in German. Institut fur Hochseefischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock- Marienehe, East Germany. NORWAY: Fiskeriinspektorenes og Samvirkekonsulentenes Virk- somhet sed (Activities of Fishery Inspectors and Cooperatives Consultants, 1962), Arsberetning Ved- kommende Norges Fiskerier, No. 11-12, 1962, 61 pp., printed in Norwegian, 1963. A.s John Griegs Boktrykkeri, Bergen, Norway. "Die Norwegische tiefkuhlindustrie' (The Norwegian industry of deep-frozen products), article, Ties Kuhlkette, no. 92, August 1963, p. 10, illus., printed in German. H.E. Albrecht Verslag K.G., Freiha- merstrasse No. 2, Munich, Germany. OCEANOGRAPHY: CALCOFI Atlas of 10-Meter Temperatures and Salini- ties, 1949 through 1955, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas No. 1, 1 vol. illus., printed, 1963. Marine Research Committee, Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif. "Developing tropical Atlantic fisheries through inter- national research,'' by Vernon E, Brock, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries In- Stitute, 15th Annual Session, November 1062, pp. 152- 155, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fish- eries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. "Fishery oceanography in the tropical Atlantic," by Robert C. Wilson, article, Transactions of the Twenty- Seventh North American Wildlife and Natural Re- Sources Conference, March 12, 13, an 7 1062, pp. =361, printed, February 1963, Wildlife Manage- ment Institute, Wire Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20005. The Global Sea, by Harris B. Stewart, Jr., Van No- strand Searchlight Book No, 17, 126 pp., illus., print- ed, 1963, $1.45. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 120 Alexander St., Princeton, N.J. Knowledge of the seas and their resources is still limited as com- pared to man's knowledge of the land and even of Space, But in the past 20 years a change has taken place and man has begun to realize the importance of the global sea. There have been many books written about the seas, and many more will follow. Whereas many are too detailed or too technical for the gener- al reader, here is a small paperbound book which is a general and an adequate introduction to the seas-- their buried landscapes, moving waters, marine plants and animals, and other resources and riches. Something about the more recent discoveries and re- search results in the study of the sea--oceanogra- phy--is presented in non-technical language. The last chapter deals with territorial waters (a contro- versial issue among nations today), and international cooperation in oceanography. For those who would like to delve deeper into the subject, there is asmall bibliography. The book also has a small but adequate index. Covering more than 70 percent of our globe's surface, the oceans are man's last frontier onearth. The potential that the oceans hold for the betterment of mankind is just beginning to be fully realized. Any reader, no matter what his interests, will gain something of the fascination of the seas from this short summary. Students and the general public as well as those interested in any aspect of the global sea will find this as the key that will unlock the door to man's last frontier on earth. --Joseph Pileggi "The International Cooperative Investigation of the Tropical Atlantic,'' by Vernon E. Brock, article, ICO Pamphlet No. 11, pp. 33-37, printed, April 1963. In= teragency Committee on Oceanography, Office of Na- val Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St., and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, D. C, 20333. Man and the Sea, by Joel W. Hedgpeth, 28 pp., printed, April 13, 1964, $2.60. Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.f 20230. The topics covered in this series of three 2 lectures are the general principles of marine bioldgy and oceanography, the role of marine biological sta- tions in marine research, and the natural resources of the sea. Oceanological Principles as Related to the Fisher Productivity of the Seer G.K. Izhevskii, OTS 63- 11120, 193 pp., illus., processed, 1964, $2.00. (Trans- lated by A. Birron and Z.S. Cole, from the Russian Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1961.) Office of Techni- cal Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C. 20230. Spperanies in ee by E. John Long, Pub- ication No, 4537, pp., illus., printed, July 1964, 50 cents. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Discusses the need for young people in the various fields of oceanographic work, the chal- lenges to be found in the seas, types of oceanographic research and qualities required to perform them, and other related sciences. Also covers various types of oceanographic cruises, the work of land-based labo- ratories, the Federal Government's part in this re- search work, and oceanography in industry. Informa- tion is given on how to become an oceanographer, the value of sea experience, obtaining financial assist- ance, how and where to study, qualifications for Fed- eral employment, and the availability of scholarships and assistanceships. A final word is given on expect- ed future accomplishments in oceanography and the hope of the late President John F. Kennedy that we may “drive back the frontiers of the unknown in the waters which encircle our globe." "Overview of Government-Industry Oceanographic In- strumentation Symposium," by Julius Rockwell, Jr., article, Proceedings of the Navy Research and De- velopment Clinic fiston, ew Mexico, September ise pp. C-1-C-6, printed, 1963. Office of Naval Re- search, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20333. OCEAN PERCH: "Effect of tagging on redfish growth rate at Eastport, Maine," by George F. Kelly and Allan M. Barker, ar- ticle, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Spe- cial Publication No. 4, pp. a UEPSER printed, 1963. In- ternational Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. November 1964 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE F' OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. "Estimation of population size and mortality rates from tagged redfish, Sebastes marinus L., at East- port, Maine," by George F. Kelly and Allan M. Bark- er, article, North Atlantic Fish Marking S sium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. 204-209, eit 1563. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada, OYSTERS: Experiments in Oyster Culture, by Luis Castillo, Translation Series No. 367, 11 pp., printed, 1961. (Translated from the Spanish, Imprenta Cervantes, vol. 50, 1910.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada. "The Government-industry co-operative oyster re- search program. IlI--Processing studies; IV-- Procedure for determining solids change," by A. Kramer and others, articles, Journal of the Associ- ation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 45, 2: pp. 1011-1050, printed. Association of Official Ag- ricultural Chemists, P,O. Box 540, Benjamin Frank- lin Station, Washington, D,. C. 20004, "Index of condition and percent solids of raft-grown oysters in Massachusetts," article, Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries Association, vol. ae pp. 47-52, printed, June 1963, Nationa ellfisheries Association, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va. "El mercado ingles de la ostra'' (The English market for oysters), article, Informacion Conservera, vol. 12, no, 123-124, March-April 1964, p. , printed in Spanish, single copy 30 pesetas (about 50 U.S, cents), Informacion Conservera, Colon, 62, Valen- “cia, Spain. "Progress in oyster mortality studies," by James B. | Engle and Aaron Rosenfield, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, An- nual Session, November pp. 116-124, April — 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. PERU: Estudio de la Fauna Ictiologica de los Esteros y Parte Baja de los Rios del Departamento de Tum = (Peru) (Study of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Estuaries and Lower Reaches of the Rivers of the Department COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of Tumbes, Peru), by Norma Chirichigno F., Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica 22, 87 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1963, Servicio de Pesqueria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, Peru, PESTICIDES: "Pesticides - a new factor in coastal environments," by Philip A. Butler and Paul F. Springer, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth North American ildlife and Natural Resources Conference, March 4, 6, pp. 380-390, printed. e Management ani Institu POLLUTION CONTROL: "Aquatic life needs protection," by Clarence M. Tarz- well, article, Chemical Engineering Progress, vol. 59, no. 11, November 1963, pp. 27-28, Ths printed, single copy $3. American Institute of Chemical En- te, Wire Bldg., Washington, D. C, 20005, 135 THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE gineers, Editorial and Advertising Offices, 345 E, 47th St., New York, N. Y. 10017. Prime objective of aquat- ic biologists in the water pollution field is to set up water quality criteria essential for the protectionand maintenance of aquatic life, according to the author. These standards must protect the most sensitive species; average conditions are a poor measure since extremes of environment can render streams unfit for fish the year round, It is suggested that tentative water quality criteria be established immediately and that research be conducted to devise methods by which organisms can be used in the transformation of waste matter into useful material. POULTRY FEED: "Comparison of the nutritive value of fish meal and fermented fish meal in chick rations," by N. Reyntens and L, Keppens, article, Revue de l' Agriculture, Brussels, vol. 15, 1962, p. 1520, Ser: Ministre de I’ Agriculture, 14 Rue de la Limite, Brussels 3, Belgium. POULTRY NUTRITION: "The action of fish meal of different origins on the growth of chicks,’ by R. Fangauf, H. Vogt, and W. Penner, article, Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, vol, 27, part 2, 1963, p. 135, printed in German. Fritz Pfen- niustorff, Herworthstrasse 3, Berlin-Lichlerfelde-1, Germany. QUALITY: Determinacao Quantative do Ranco por Auto -Grida- cao pelo Acido 2-Tiobarbutirico antitative De- termination of Rancidi rough Autoxidation by Use of 2-Thiobarbutiric Acid), by Luis Torres, and Ro- mano Granger, Notas Mimeografadas No. 31, 13 pp., illus., processed in Portuguese with French and Span- ish summaries, 1962. Centro de Biologia Piscatoria, Lisbon, Portugal. "Direct gas chromatographic analysis as an objective method of flavor measurement," by W. W. Nawar and I.S. Fagerson, article, Food Technolo vol, 16, no, 11, 1962, pp. 107-109, illus., printed, e Garrard Press, 510 N, Hickory, Champaign, M11, "Discoloration of marine animal products, Part I," by Masamichi Toyomizu and Yukio Tomiyasu, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 59, October 28, 1963, 10695e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, The Sensory Assessment of Iced Whitefish by a Panel “Technique, by J. M. Shewan and A.C.5, Ehrenberg, Torry Memoir No. 88, 7 pp., illus., printed in English with French and Spanish summaries, 1962, Torry Re- search Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. "The significance of variations in the nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate contents of fish muscle in re- lation to quality evaluation," by F. Bramstedt, arti- cle, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 58, March 4, 1963, 4972c, printed, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C, 20006. RADIOACTIVE WASTES: "Accumulation of radionuclides by aquatic organisms," by Theodore R, Rice, article, Studies of the Fate of Certain Radionuclides in Estuarine and Other Aquatic Environments, Public Health Service Publication No. 136 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE » BUT USUALLY MAY BE 999-5-3, pp. 35-50, printed, May 1963. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D. C. 20201, "Savannah estuary environmental radiological survey (SEERS) project," by Julius J. Sabo, John P. Baptist, and Fred G, Rueter, article, Studies of the Fate of Certain Radionuclides in Estuarine and Other Aquat- ic Environments, Public Health Service Publication No. 999-R-3, pp. 11-33, printed, May 1963. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, Washington, D. C, 20201. REFRIGERATION: "Kaltetechnische einrichtung von fischfang und -fab- rikschiffen" (Refrigerating plants on board fishing- boats and factoryships), by W. Flechtenmacher, ar- ticle, Kaltetechnik, vol. 15, no. 10, October 1963, pp. 314-320, illus., printed in German. Verlag C.F. Miller, Karlsruhe, Germany. RESEARCH VESSEL: "Flip Returns from Mid-Pacific Research Cruise," by John Northrop, 1 p., printed, March 1964. (Re- printed from Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 45, no. 1, March 1964, p. 165.) Marine Physical Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Calif. "Porpoise--Summary Report, '' by K. R. Marsh, Report No, 2 55400 4R50209, 24 pp., printed, June 10, 1964, Ling-Tempo Vought, Dallas, Tex. Describes a buoy- ancy-propelled underwater vehicle designed for utili- zation initially as an oceanographic research vessel. Intended to descend and ascend alternately as it glides through the water. Buoyance control is uti- lized to effect the depth change and to obtain a thrust force along the flight path. Vessel is equipped with Wings hinged on a skewed axis for stability. Predictions of the Collapse Strength of Three HY-100 Steel Spherical Hulls Fabricated for the Oceanograph- ic Research Vehicle 'Alvin,” by Thomas J. Kiernan, DT. > 41 pp., printed, March 1964, $1.25, Of- fice of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20230, "Report on the new Albatross IV," by Robert L. Ed- wards, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Carib- bean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, No- vember 1962, pp, 55-59, printed, 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. ROE: "Color changes on fish roe products dyed black," by J. Winziger, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 59, August 5, 1963, 940le, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. SALMON: "Atlantic salmon in the U.S.S,R.,"" by Nikolai I, Ko- zhin, article, The Atlantic Salmon Journal, no, 2, June 1964, pp, 3-4, 7, illus., printed. AtlanticSalm- on Association, 1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada. Discusses the occurrence of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic, Barents, and White Seas; fluctuations of the catch from year to year; and average annual catch, 1954-56, ofabout 3.7 million pounds, Also covers the management of At- lantic salmon rivers; the rearing of smolt in 10 months with a special feed; Soviet research agencies concerned with artificial salmon breeding and other biological activities; efforts to acclimatize two Pa- cific salmon species (Oncorhynchus keta and O. gor- buscha) to Atlantic environments; and Soviet mem- bership in international organizations concerned with salmon. Comparative Analysis of the Desmoltification Process Among the Young of Different Ecological Forms of Atlantic Salmon, by NV. Evropeytseva, Translation Series No. , 24 pp., illus., printed, 1963. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Uchenye Zapiski Leningrads- kogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, no. 311, 1962, pp. 46-73.) Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada. "Influence of freshwater environment on survival of coho salmon," by William A. Smoker, article, Pro- ceedings of the Sixteenth International Congress of Zoology, vol. 1, 1963, p. 245, printed. Secretary, Permanent Committee of International Zoological Congresses, 105 Blvd. Raspail, Paris 6, France. "Nutrition of salmonoid fishes. XI--Iodine require- ments of chinook salmon," by A. N. Woodall and Gilles LaRoche, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 82, April 1964, pp. 475-482, printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Opyt akklimatizatsii gorbushi i kety v basseine Barent- sova i Belogo morei" (Experimental acclimatization of pink and chum salmon in the basin of the Barents and White Seas), by V. V. Azbelev and S.S. Surkov, article, Akklimatizatsia zhivotnykh v SSSR, pp. 210- 211, printed in Russian, 1963. ademiia Nauk Ka- zakhskoi SSSR, Alma-Ata, U.S.S.R. “Passage of salmon fingerlings through small tunnels," by Theodore H. Blahm, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 92, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 302-303, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C, 20005. "Produtsirovanie spermy tikhookeanskimi lososyami roda Oncorhynchus" (Sperm production in Pacific Ocean salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus), by A. I. Smirnoy, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 1, 1963, pp. 84-98, printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "The reproduction of salmon in Scandinavia and the British Isles,'' by Wilfred M, Carter, article, The Atlantic Salmon Journal, no. 2, June 1964, pp. 22-26, illus., printed, Atlantic Salmon Association, 1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada. "Scientists probe riddle of salmon's death," article, The Atlantic Salmon Journal, no, 2, June 1964, pp. 20-21, illus., printed, Atlantic Salmon Association, 1559 McGregor St., Montreal 25, Canada. "Study of amino acids, free or as components of pro- tein, and of some B-vitamins in the tissues of the At- lantic salmon, Salmo salar, during spawning migra- tion," by C. B, Cowey, K. W. Daisley, and G, Parry, November 1964 article, Comparative Biochemistr, and Physiology, vol, 7, 1962, p. 29, printed. Comparative Biochem- istry and Physiology, 122 E, 55th St., New York 22, NL Yie SALT FISH: A Report to the Fishing Industry on a Method for the ~ Accelerated Cooling of Green, Heavily Salted Fish, by A. L. Wood, New Series Circular No, 12, 2 pp., processed, 1962. Technological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, P.O. Box 429, Halifax, N.S., Canada, SAURY: 5, Lov sairy nasosom s primeneniem sveta i eletrotoka"’ , (Pacific sauries taken by pump with the help of light - and electric current), by I. V. Nikonorov and A, Kh, ' Pateev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 39, no, 2, 1963, pp. 51-53, ee printed in Russian. V. Kras- nosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S,S.R. Reviews the use of pumps and lights for catching sprat in the Caspian Sea, This method was used experimentally for catching other fish, particularly Pacific sauries, in other regions but did not give satisfactory re- sults until 1962. A successful standard fish-pumping installation is illustrated in this article, Though re- search and experiments are not completed, the au- thors recommend that a few vessels be equipped with fish-pumping installations for commercial purposes. SCALLOPS: "Tagging as a technique in population studies of the sea scallop," by J. A. Posgay, article, North Atlantic Fish Marking S osium, Special Publication No. 4, pp. 268-271, elated, 1963, International Commis- sion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. SEA LAMPREY: The Use of Alkalinity and Conductivit to Estimate Concentrations of 3-trifluormethyl-4- nitrophenol Required for Treating Lampre cine, by Richard K. ae echnical Report no, 7, pp., printed, November 1963, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Natural Resources Bldg., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Measurements SHRIMP: "Abundance of postlarval shrimp--one index of future shrimping success," by Kenneth N, Baxter, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries In- stitute, 15th Annual Session, November 1962, pp. 79- 87, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fish- eries Institute, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. “Expanded research on Gulf of Mexico shrimp re- sources,'' by Joseph H. Kutkuhn, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, lot Annual Session, November 1962, pp. 68-79, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rick- enbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. The Recent Genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean “Shrimps (Class Crustacea, Order peepee > Super- section Natantia) with Keys for Their Determination, by Lipke B, Holthuis, 157 pp., illus., printed, 1955. E.J. Brill, Oude Rijn, 33a, Leiden, Netherlands. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 137 "On some aspects of quality of cooked frozen prawns," by V. Krishna Pillai and A. Lekshmy, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol, 8, October 1961, pp. 440- 448, printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Government of India, New Delhi, India, SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Following issued by Small Business Administration, Washington, D, C, 20416: How Do You Know What Your Business is Worth? by G.H.B. Gould and Dean C. Coddington, Management Aid for Small Manufacturers No, 166, 4 pp., processed, August 1964, Although small businessmen need to place a value on their businesses when negotiating for funds, when settling estates, or when selling out, there is no standard formula for determining value. Often value is subjective--what a person thinks the business is worth to him. This leaflet discusses three methods for estimating value: asset valuation, market worth, and capitalized earnings value, In this last method, two steps are used, First, you find a company's true earning power, based on both its past experience and future probabilities. Second, you capitalize these earnings at a rate which is realistic for the risks in- volved. The leaflet concludes that the capitalized earnings approach is the most valid because that meth- od embodies all the factors in valuation. Pricing, Production, and Marketing Policies of Small Manufacturers, by Robert F. Lesmillott and Gordon O. Parrish,-Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1964, The study discussed in this summary is based on an analysis of the pricing prac- tices of 256 small manufacturers located in the State of Washington and having fewer than 250 workers. Typically, more than half the production of the firms consisted of standard products for inventory. Gen- erally these firms did not make detailed analysis of production and distribution costs. They reliedheavily on rules-of-thumb in their pricing, About three- fourths of them tried to set prices so as to realize a predetermined profit rate. Net profits on sales before taxes averaged only 5.9 percent for this group during the 1950-1959 period. However, since many of the un- incorporated firms did not deduct owner-managers' salaries as a cost, they did not in fact realize any re- turn at all on invested capital. Problems in Small Business Management, by Wil- liam Rotch, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. The report summarized in this leaf- let consists of a collection of case studies of small businesses and some readings related to various as- pects of small-business management. Each case is a description of a real business--its people, products, and operations. Five groups of cases are presented: starting a business; developing a business; financing a firm; major expansion of a company; and special situations involving personnel or other types of prob- lems. The purpose of the study was to develop mate- rial for a course or seminar in the management of small enterprises. The Relation of Management Decision Making to. Small Business Growth, = F. Parker Fowler, Jr. and BE, W. Sandberg, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1964. One approach to helping small busi- nesses is based on the idea that they differ from large businesses in kind as well as in size. The study sum- . 138 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. marized in this leaflet (of 43 Colorado manufacturers with identical products) classifies the owner-managers as: the conservative operator, managing a relatively stable firm; the aggressive innovator, achieving a rap- id growth pattern; and the industry stalwart, desiring status in the industry for his firm. Also shownis that the small business owner-manager differs from the hired manager in that the former specifies both his firm's goals and the means by which they are to be attained, The recommendation is made thatassist- ance to individual firms should include the construc- tion of internal information systems. Value Analysis for Small Business, by Daniel D. Roman, Technical Aids for Small Manufacturers No. 87, 4 pp., processed, May-June 1964, Value analysis (sometimes called value engineering or value control) is a technique that aims to find new ways to get equal or superior performance from a product or method at lower costs, while retaining quality, function, and reliability. Its concept is that it is easier to increase profits by reducing costs than by increasing sales. Checking with experts, exchanging ideas, watching for unreasonable specifications, knowing where to get fac- tual help, and using ingenuity instead of merely fol- lowing custom and tradition--all these and more are the techniques used in value analysis. This leaflet explains the principles of value analysis and how they can be adapted to small business use; reports various instances of successful use of this technique; and makes certain suggestions for company acceptance. SMALL CRAFT: The following color-illustrated charts, each 23 by 37 inches, are available free from Touring Service, Mobil Oil Company, 150 E, 42nd St., New York, N, Y. 10017: Cruising Guide 1--Eastport, Maine, to Barnegat In- let, New Jersey, Including Long Island and New York City Waters. Cruising Guide 2--Montreal, Canada to Key West, Florida, Including St. Lawrence River, Hudson River, Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay, Cruising Guide 3--Great Lakes, Thousand Islands, New York Waterways, Ohio River, Mississippi River, Gulf Coast from Mobile, Alabama, to Brownsville, Texas, Plus Selected Areas, Cruising Guide 4--Pacific Coast from Puget Sound to San Diego and Colorado River, SMOKING: "Optimization of the electrostatic smoking process," by J. Tilgner and Z, E, Sikorski, article, Fleisch- wirtschaft, vol, 15, no, 5, 1963, pp. 391-395, illus., printed in German with English, French, Italian, and Spanish summaries, Verlafshaus Sponholz Gmbh, Kockstrasse 60-61, Berlin SW 68, Germany. SPINY LOBSTER: Contribucion al Conocimiento de las Langostas del Pacifico Mexicano y su Pesqueria (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Spiny Lobster of the Mexican Pacific Coast and Its Fishery), by Hector Chapa Saldana, 67 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with Eng- lish summary, 1964, Instituto Nacional de Investi- gaciones Biologico- Pesqueras, Secretaria de Indus- tria y Comercio, Direccion General de Pesca e In- dustrias Conexas, Mexico, D.F. Sobre los Estadios Larvales de la Langosta Comun PANULIRUS ARGUS (On the Larval Stages of the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus), by Julio A. Baisre, Contribution No- 19, 37 ppillus.. printed in Spanish with English abstract, January 1964. Centro de In- vestigaciones Pesqueras, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba. In this study, 121 phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster were found in the stomach contents of skipjack and blackfin tuna and in plankton samples collected from Cuban fishing grounds, All 11 stages, with the exception of stage III, were identified among the specimens examined, "Lobster fishery off the southwest coast of India,'' by H. Miyamoto and A, T. Shariff, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. 8, no. 2, 1961, pp. 252-268, illus., printed. Indian Journal of Fisheries, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, New Delhi, India. "Report on South African rock lobsters--Notes on the reproductive biology and size limit of S.A. rock lobsters, Part 2," by A.E.F. Heydorn, article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industr Review, vol. 19, no. 6, jane 1964s ppeoe 35, 07-09, 101, 103-105, illus., printed, single copy 30 cents (about 42 U.S. cents). Thomson Newspapers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. Deals with the attainment of sexual maturity and the reproductive potential of the South African spiny lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards), and the importance of these factors in relation to the determination of minimum size limits. SPRAT: "O podvodnykh nabliudeniiakh za poviedeniiem kilki" (On underwater observations of the behavior of sprats), by I. V. Nikonorovy, article, Rybnoe Khoziai- stvo, vol. 38, no. 1, 1962, pp, 32-36, ius, printed i ussian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SQUID: "Studies on the relationship between current boundary zones in waters to the southeast of Hokkaido and mi- gration of the squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (Steenstrup),'' by Tsuneyoshi Suzuki, article, Mem- oirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol, 2, no, 2, 1963, pp. 75-153, illus., printed, Facute ty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Ja- pan, STANDARDS: State of California Standards and Specifications~--Sea- foods; Fresh, Frozen, and Processed Fish; Inspec- tion, Testing, and Certification, T63-p-17, 87 pp., processed, August 1, 1963. Purchasing Division, De- partment of Finance, State of California, Sacramento, Calif. Contains the State of California specifications for fresh, frozen, and processed fish and shellfish, and inspection, testing, and certification procedures, Also incorporates all of the National Association of State Purchase Officials (NASPO) specifications for fishery products developed by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Gloucester Technological Laboratory. Those include specifications for frozen November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE ocean-perch fillets and Pacific ocean-perch fillets; chilled and frozen cod or haddock fillets; scallops-- frozen raw, frozen raw breaded and frozen fried breaded; fish portions--frozenraw, frozen raw breaded and frozen fried breaded; shrimp--raw or cooked--chilled or frozen; and shrimp--frozen raw breaded, In addition to adopting the NASPO specifi- cations verbatim, the State requires USDI inspection and grading of all products, All standardized prod- ucts purchased by the State must be U.S, Grade A quality, STERN-TRAWLERS: "Le premier grand chalutier portugais a péche par larriére" (The first large Portuguese stern-trawl- er), article, La Péche Maritime, vol. 43, no, 1035, June 20, 1964, pp. 468-471, illus., printed in French, single copy 20 francs (about US$4.05), La Péche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris Bo. France, "Réflexions sur les chalutiers a péche par l'arriere et estimation des temps de manoeuvre" (Thoughts on the stern trawler and estimates of operating time), by M. Birkhoff, article, La Péche Maritime, vol. 43, no, 1035, June 20, 1964, pp. 409-414, illus., printed in French, single copy 20 francs (about US$4.05). La Péche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris 8°, France, SUBMARINES FOR RESEARCH: "Employment of submarines for scientific research," by Donald W, Strasburg, article, Proceedings of the Hawaiian Academy of Science, 38th Annual Meeting 1962/1963, p. 13, printed, 1963. University of Ha- waii, Honolulu, Hawaii, SWEDEN: "Aktuella ekonomiska problem inom fisket' (Present economic problem in the fishery), by Ingemar Ger- hard, Svenska Vastkustifiskaren, vol, 34, no, 13-14, July 15, 1964, pp. 274-275, printed in Swedish, Sven- ska Vastkustfiskarnas, Centralforbund, Ekonomiuts- koffet Postbox 1014, Goteborg 4, Sweden. THAWING: "Thawed frozen foods," article, Information Bulletin, T.R.R.F., no. 63, August 1963, p. 3, printed. The Refrigeration Research Foundation, 12 N. Meade Ave., Colorado Springs, Colo. TOXICITY: Fish Intoxication, Notes on Ciguatera, Its Mode of Ac- tion and a Suggested Therapy, by A. H. Banner and others, SPC {Pra 26 pp., printed, September 1963, 75 cents, Office of Technical Services, U.S, Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 20230, Cer- tain characteristics of the toxin causing ciguatera are reviewed, and it is pointed out that there is no method of recognizing specific fish which may bear the toxin, nor of detecting the toxin in a fish except by feeding tests, nor of destroying the toxin by any normal means of food preparation. Some aspects of the pharmacology of the toxin and a possible simi- larity in action of the toxin to the curariform drugs are discussed. Case histories are presented in which recovery, partial or complete, might be attri- buted to neostigmine or neostigmine-Tensilon ther- apy. Chemical and pharmacological studies are re- viewed which show similarities between the toxin found in a barracuda from Guam and red snappers from the Line Islands, "Japanese puffer fish," article, Science News Letter, vol, 86, no, 9, August 29, 1964, p. 139, printed, sin- gle copy 15 cents, Science Service, 1719 N.St. NW., Washington, D,. C, 20036, "Toxicological action of sodium pentachlorophenol and hexachlorophene on fish and other aquatic animals," by Hans Joachim Bandt and Dietwart Nehring, arti- cle, Chemical Abstracts, vol, 58, April 29, 1963, 9451g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St, NW., Washington, D. C, 20006, TRAWLING: "Size selection of fish by otter trawls: results of re- cent experiments in the Northwest Atlantic,"' by John R. Clark, Special Publication No, 5, pp. 24-96, print- ed, 1963. International Commission for the North- west Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Bedford Insti- tute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada, "Za traleniia na povyshennykh skorostaikh" (Trawling at increased speeds), by V.I. Kaplan, A. B, Lishin, and E.I. Zaitsev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 5, 1962, pp. 30-44, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U,S.S.R. TUNA: "Detection of green-meat tuna before cooking," by Chujiro Nagaoka and Naotatsu Suzuki, article, Food Technology, vol. 18, May 1964, pp, 183-187, printed, e Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, IIl. "Refrigeration and freezing plant for tuna fishing boats," article, Sabroe News, no, 54, June 1963, illus., print- ed, Thomas Sabroe and Co, Ltd., Aarhus, Denmark. "Ricerche sugli amminoacidi del tonno in Scatola"' (Studies on Amino Acids in Canned Tuna), by Duilio Pirati, article, Industria Conserve, vol. 39, no, 2, April-June 1964, pp. -107, illus., printed inItalian with English summary, single copy L, 1,500 (about US$2.40). Stazione Sperimentale Industria Conserve Alimentari, Viale Tanara 33, Parma, Italy. "Tuna trolling and its prospects in New Caledonia," by R. Criou, article, Technical Paper, no, 134, 1961, pp. 1-13, illus., processed, South Pacific Commis- sion, Box 5254, G,.P.O., Sydney, Australia, "Will tuna research change direction?" by Vernon E, Brock, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Carib- bean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, No- vember > pp. 50-52, printed, April 1963. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Labora- tory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. TUNA AND MACKEREL: Preliminary Field Guide to the Mackerel- and Tuna- Like Fishes of the Indian Ocean (Scombridae),™ by Bruce B. Collette and Robert H. Gibbs, 48 pp., print- ed, 1963, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, 20560, 140 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 TUNA AND TUNALIKE: The following articles appeared in Proceedings of the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Tunas. and Related Species, La Jolla, California, 1962, FAO Fisheries Report No. 6, vol. 3, 1963. Fisheries Di- vision, Food and Agriculture Organization .of the Unit- ed Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Processed in English with French and Spanish sum - maries; "Albacore scouting in the eastern North Pacific Ocean," by Leo Pinkas, pp. 1343-1353. "The California albacore fishery logbook system," by William Craig, pp. 1217-1255, illus. "California's tuna record gathering system," by Ed- ward C, Greenhood, pp. 1367-1379, illus. "Changes in availability of albacore in the eastern Pa- cific Ocean 1952 and 1958,"’ by James H. Johnson, pp. 1227-1235, illus. "Climatic parameters and the Hawaiian skipjack fish- ery,'' by Gunter R. Seckel, pp. 1201-1208, illus. "Comparative distribution of eggs, larvae and adults in relation to biotic and abiotic environmental fac- tors," by Hiroshi Yabe, Yoichi Yabuta, and Shoji Ueyanagi, pp. 979-1009, illus. "A contribution to the biology of Philippine tunas," by Inocencio A. Ronquillo, pp. 1683-1752, illus. "Distribution and abundance of tuna related to wind and ocean conditions in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico," by Maurice Blackburn, pp. 1557-1582, illus. "Distribution and relative abundance of tunas in re- lation to their environment," by Taivo Laevastu, pp. 1835-1851, illus, "Distribution of the yellowfin tuna Neothunnus ma- cropterus (Temminck and Schlegel)in the tuna long- line fishing grounds of the Pacific Ocean," by Tadao Kamimura and Misao Honma, pp. 1299-1328, illus. "Effects of water temperature on the distribution of some scombrid fishes along the Pacific coast of North America," by John Radovich, pp. 1459-1475, illus. "A first examination of the abundance and distribution of yellowfin and albacore tuna in the western tropical Atlantic, 1957 to 1961," by Flavio Rodrigues Lima and John P, Wise, pp. 1515-1521, illus. "Fishing techniques for tunas and skipjack,"' by Shigene Takayama, pp. 1067-1076. "Food of Indian tunas,"' by P. T. Thomas and M. Ku- maran, pp. 1659-1667, illus. "Food of Pacific albacore in the California fishery (1955-1961)," by Harold B. Clemens and Robert A. Iselin, pp. 1523-1535, illus, "Food of skipjack in the central Pacific,'' by Kenneth D. Waldron and Joseph E, King, pp. 1431-1457, illus. "Future lines of tuna research, mainly in relation to fish- eries oceanography, '' by Michitaka Uda, pp. 1087-1095. "Growth and sexual dimorphism in growth of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). A preliminary report," by Richard S. Shomura and Betty Ann Keala, pp. 1409- 1417, illus. "Investigation of tuna behavior by fish finder,'' by Minoru Nishimura, pp. 1113-1123, illus. "The matter of availability and the harvest of tunas," by Gerald V. Howard, pp. 1041-1055, illus. "Measurement of the shape of the tuna long-line and an analysis of its efficiency,'' by Chikamasa Hamuro, pp. 1133-1142, illus. "A method for computing estimates and variances of relative log fishing powers of California albacore vessels,'' by Norman J. Abramson, pp. 1209-1215, illus. "A method of sampling the Pacific albacore (Thunnus see) catch for relative age composition, by avid J. Mackett, pp. 1355-1366. "A model of albacore migration in the north Pacific Ocean," by Harold B. Clemens, pp. 1537-1548, illus. "Monofilament gill net fishing for skipjack tuna in Ha- Waiian waters. A progress report,'' by Richard S. Shomura, pp. 1177-1199, illus. "An outline of the tuna longline grounds in the Indo- Pacific, Preliminary report,'' by Akira Suda, Tsu- tomu Koto, and Susumu Kume, pp, 1163-1176, illus. "The past, present and future status of the tuna re- sources of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Is- lands," by Peter T. Wilson, pp. 1633-1638. "Preliminary experiments with Tilapia as bait inthe tuna fishery off the coast of Brazil,'' by Jose Boni- facio Gomes da Fonseca, pp. 1109-1112. "Schooling behavior within aggregations composed of yellowfin and skipjack tuna,’ by Heeny S. H. Yuen, pp. 1419-1429, illus. "Seasonal and annual variation of the hooking-rate and annual variation of the catch-quantity of tuna and marlin in the tropical Atlantic Ocean," by J. Naka- gome and S. Suzuki, pp. 1279-1297, illus. "Size and composition of tuna stocks,’ by Johs Hamre, pp. 1023-1039, illus. "Spawning of the oceanic skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus), in the Laccadive Sea, by G. Raju, pp. 1669-1682, illus. "Statistics of catch and effort required for scientific research on the tuna fisheries,’ by Milner B. Schae- fer, pp. 1077-1086. "Structure of the albacore stock and fluctuation in the catch in the North Pacific areas,'' by Akira Suda, pp. 1237-1277, illus. November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 141 "Studies of oceanic fronts in the mouth on the Gulf of California, an area of tuna migrations," by Raymond C. Griffiths, pp. 1583-1605, illus. "Subpopulation identification,'' by John C. Marr, pp. 1011-1021, "Thermal relationships of tuna in the oceanic North- west Atlantic,'' by James L, Squire Jr., pp. 1639- 1657, illus. “Tuna landings and production 1916-1961," by Edward C, Greenhood and Sterling P. Davis, pp. 1395-1407, illus. California tuna catch and production are com- pared with those of the United States and the world, "Tuna tagging experiments in Norwegian waters," by Johs Hamre, pp. 1125-1132, illus. "Tunas (genus Thunnus) of the western North Atlantic. III--Distribution and behavior of Thunnus species," by Frank J. Mather III, pp. 1159-T16T. "World-wide tuna research planning," by Wilbert McLeod Chapman, pp. 1097-1107. Processed in French with Englishand Spanish sum- maries: "Description des stades post-larvaires et juveniles de Neothunnus albacora (Lowe de 1'Atlantique tropico- oriental escription of post-larval and juvenile stages of Neothunnus albacora (Lowe) of the eastern tropical Atlantic), by E. Marchal, pp. 1792-1811, illus. Processed in Spanish with Englishand French sum- maries: "Especies del genero Sarda en el Pacifico Oriental," (Species of the genus Sarda in the Eastern Pacific), by Aurora Chirinos de Vildosa, pp. 1549-1556, illus. "La pesqueria del bonito en el Peru," (The bonito fish- eries in Peru), by Felipe Ancieta, pp. 1607-1819, illus. "Resultados del programa de marcado de atunen aguas espanolas" (Results of tuna-tagging plan in Spanish waters), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda, pp. 1813-1822, illus. "Talla, peso, edad y crecimiento del atun del Golfo de Cadiz, Espana" (Length, weight, age and growth of tuna from Gulf of Cadiz, Spain), by Julio Rodriguez- Roda, pp. 1823-1834, illus. UNDERWATER SOUNDS: "An indication of underwater sound production by squid,'' by Robert T. B. Iversen, Paul J. Perkins, and Richard D, Dionne, article, Nature, vol. 199, no. 4890, July 20, 1963, pp. 250-251, printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT: United States Government Organization Manual, 1964- 65, 791 pp., illus., printed, revised June 1, 1964, $1.75. Office of the Federal Register, National Ar- chives and Records Service, General Services Ad- ministration, Washington, D. C. (Forsale by the Su- perintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) The official organization handbook of the Federal Government. Contains the Constitution of the United States andsec- tions describing the agencies in the legislative, judi- cial, and executive branches of the Government as well as executive departments and independent agen- cies, Supplemental information includes brief dis- cussions of quasi-official agencies, selected multi- lateral international organizations, selected bilateral organizations, charts of the principal Federal agen- cies, and appendices relating to abolished and trans- ferred agencies and to Government publications. Al- so includes descriptions of agencies working in fish- eries and related fields: Interagency Committee on Oceanography, U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. U.S.S.R.: Fisheries Research in Russia, A Historical Survey, by P.G, Borisov, OTS 63-11121, 192 pp., illus., proc- essed, 1964, $2.00. (Translated by Malkah Raymist from the Russian, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo "Vysshaya Shkola,'" Moscow, 1960.) Office of Tech- nical Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D,. C, 20230. Hydroacoustical Station Paltus, U.S.S.R., by V. P. reriayer: OTS 64-31276, 32 pp., illus., processed, May 18, 1964, 75 cents, (Translated from the Rus- sian, Sudovyye Rybopoisko e i Elektronavigatsion- nyye Pribory, 1963. ice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230. Materialy Rybokhoziastvennykh IssledovaniiSevernogo as seina--Vypusk Fishery Research in the North- ern Basin, Part 2), 170 pp., printed in Russian, 1964, Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Rybnomu Khoziaistvu _ pri SNKH SSSR; Poliarnii Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiii Proiektnyi Institut Morskogo Khoziaistva i Okeanog- rafii im. N. M. Knopovicha PINRO), Murmansk, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, articles on: "Fore- casting of the natural basis for the trawl fishery in the central elevation area of the Barents Sea, by K. G. Konstantinov; "Assessment of abundance of sin- gle year-classes of Atlantic Scandinavian herring, by IL. G, Judanov; "Sizes of mature cod in the Arcto- Norwegian stock in 1959, 1960 and 1961," by A. S. Baranenkova and N.S. Khokhlina; ''Some peculiarities in menhaden morphology," by E. E. Gusev; "Dynamics of age composition, maturation and spawning of cod on the Flemish Cap Bank," by A.I, Postolaky; ''Re- sults of estimation of the abundance of young cod and haddock in the Barents Sea in Winter 1962/63," by Z. P. Baranova and G,. P, Nizovtsev; "Influence of transportation conditions on the future state of eggs and larvae of the Far East salmons," by L. A. Gal- kina; ''Distribution of seals in the Jan-Mayer area and hydrometeorological conditions in the fishing period of 1963," by V. A, Poteloy and F. L, Seleznev; ‘On the distribution of shrimps in the Labrador and Newfoundland areas," by V.I, Mikhalkovich; "In- fluence of the trawling speed upon the catchability of the bottom trawl," by E.I. Zaitsev; ''On the use of fish finders," by O.I, Chatoba and M.N, Shcherbino; "The use of echo sounder when fishing under ice, by A.A. Ganjkov and O.N, Kiselev; and ''To the 142 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE problem of increase in profitableness of the trawl fishery in the Barents Sea,'' by V.I. Zakurdaev. Transactions of the Murmansk Marine Biological In- Tstitute, FTD TT-63-663, 396 Sor wenee er anuary 27, 1964, $5. (Translated from the Russian, Aka- demiya Nauk SSSR, Murmanskii Morskoi Biologi- Cheskii Institut, vol. 3, no. 7, 1961, pp. 1-220.) Of fice of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20230. Contents: proce- dure for the collection of phytoplankton; ways in which crustaceans adapt to changes in the chemical nature of the external environment; the survival rate of humpbacked salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walb.) fry in relation to the mode of transfer from fresh to sea water; active selective reaction of humpbacked salmon fry in relation to sea water; pigment reaction of the cod to uniform and nonuni- form backgrounds; the migrations of sexually im- mature cod and the reasons for variations in them; and other studies. Trudy PINRO, Vypusk 15, 1963--Akklimatizatsiia Tikhookeanskikh Lososei v Basseine Barentseva i Belogo Morei; Materialy po Biologii Treski 1 Mor- skikh Mieko ‘talushchikn evera tac oliaiation of Pacific Salmon in Barents and White Sea Basins; Bi- ology of Cod and Marine Mammals of the Soviet North), 286 pp., printed in Russian. Poliarnii Nau- chno-Issledovatel'skii i Proiktnyi Institut Morskogo Khoziaistva in Okeanografii im. N. M. Knipovicha, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these ar- ticles: ''Data on the acclimatization of pink salmon in the basin of the Barents and White Seas," by V. V. Azbeleyv and A.A. Jakovenko; '"Experiments on regu- lation of the maturing of pink salmon," by O. B. Sakun, and G.M. Persov; "Observations on seaward migration of young pink and chum salmon in the Eu- ropean north,'' by E. L. Bakshtansky; "Rearing of young pink and chum salmon in sea water," by E. L. Bakshtansky; ''On the variability of the pink salmon selective reaction to sea water,' by G. D. Bocharov; "Cod of the Murman Coast," by T. I, Glebov; ''Ob- servations on the feeding of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea,'' by N.S. Novikova and V.I. Nikhalko- vich; "Some features of the capelin ecology (Mollotus villosus villosus Muller) in the Barents Sea,” by VS. Prokhorov; “The autumn-winter distribution of prespawning and spawning concentrations of polar cod (Boreogadus saida, Lepechin) in the Barents Sea,'"by V. P. Ponomarenko; ‘Materials on the bi- ology and fishery of the Newfoundland harp seal," by R. Sh Khuzin; "On the distribution and biology of the Greenland hooded seal," by R. Sh. Ghuzin and M. Ja. Jakovenko; and ''Age determination and data on the breeding whale," by R. Sh. Khuzin, VENEZUELA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Venezuela, OBR 64-73, 8 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of In- ternational Commerce, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. 20402. To encourage do- mestic industry, tariff and nontariff controls are utilized to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition by restricting imports of com- peting commodities, and to stimulate investment and expansion by permitting the relatively unrestricted entry of capital goods and primary materials re- quired for production. All exports of Venezuelan origin are free of duties. This report discusses, be- sides trade policy, Venezuela's import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, labeling and marking requirements, and special customs provisions. Also covers her nontariff trade controls, export regulations, United States import and export controls, and diplomatic representation between the two countries. VITAMIN A: "On the factors of isomerization of vitamin A in fish liver oil," by H. Baba, article, Japanese Journal of Nutrition, vol. 21, 1963, p. 3, printed. Daiichi Shup- panK.K., 39, 1-chome, Kanda Jimbo-cho, Chiyoda- ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Growth effect of vitamin A in fish liver oil on chicks," by H. Baba, article, Japanese Journal of Nutrition, vol. 21, 1963, p. 8, printed. Daiichi ShuppanK.K., 39, 1-chome, Kanda Jimbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. WEATHER CHARTS: The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each, are published by the Weather Bureau, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, 10 cents each. Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanations of warning displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio and TV stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Cape Hatteras, N.C., to Brunswick, Ga., 1964, Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eastport, Me., to "Montauk Po: aint N.Y., 1964, ce Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Manasquan, N.J., to Cape Hatteras, N.C., and Chesapeake Bay, 1964. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Montauk Point, N.Y., to Manasquan, N.J., 1964 =a Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, 1964, Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities Chart, Great Lakes: Huron, Erie, an ntario, 1964. Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities Chart, Great Lakes: Superior and Michigan, 1964, WEST AFRICA: Foreign Trade Regulations of the West African Cus- toms Union (Dahomey, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauri- tania, Niger, Sene ab Upper Volta) and Togo, by (en Michael ae OBR 64-60, 12 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Each member of the Union (Dahomey, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Upper Volta) has a commercial agreement with France which pro- vides that France will furnish economic assistance in certain specified forms. In return, the member of the Union undertake to buy certain commodities from France and the franc zone either exclusively or ina November 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 143 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE specified percentage. Togo has entered into a similar Rice, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, no, 7, 1963, agreement with France, This leaflet presents infor- pp. 181-187, printed, Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandef- mation on the import tariff system, sales and other jord, Norway. internal taxes, documentation and fees, mail ship- ments, and labeling and marking requirements of WHALING: those African countries. Also covers special cus- "'Pacific Coast whaling and whale research," by Dale toms provisions, nontariff import controls, export W. Rice, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Eighth controls, United States foreign trade controls, and North American Wildlife and Natural esources on: diplomatic representation between those countries ference, March 4, ESF, and 6, 1963, pp. 327-335, print- and the United States. ed. Wildlife Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Wash- ; ington, D. C. 20005, "Résultats préliminaires de la campagne Thalassa au large du Rio de Oro et de la Mauritanie” (Prelimi- WHITING: nary results of the fishing expedition of Thalassa off "Effect of chilled storage on the frozen storage life the coasts of Rio de Oro and Mauritania), by Cl. of whiting," by J.A. Peters, E. H. Cohen, and F. J. Maurin, article, Science et Peche, no, 112, 1963, 12 King, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, no, 6, June pp., illus., printed in French. Linstitut Scientifique 1963, pp. 109-{10, printed. Phe Garrard Press, et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Ave. Ray- 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Il. mond-Poincare, Paris 16°, France. YELLOW PIKE: WHALE OIL: "The movement, heterogeneity, and rate of exploita- "Composition of spermaceti,"' by M. Wellendorf, arti- tion of walleyes in northern Green Bay, Lake Michi- cle, Nature, vol, 198, no. 4885, 1963, pp. 1086-1087, gan, as determined by tagging,'' by Walter R, Crowe, printed. St Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., Earnest Karvelis, and Leonard S, Joeris, article, New York, N.Y. 10010. Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de Ia Mer, Rapports et Proceedings-Verbaux des WHALES: Reunion, vol. +o. 1963, pp. 26-41, printed. Conseil "Progress report on biological studies of the larger International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlot- cetacea in the waters off California,'' by Dale W. tenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark. RUSSIAN THEORIES ON THE INFERIOR QUALITY OF HATCHERY-REARED CHUM SALMON FRY A Russian fishery scientist has proposed some interesting theories concerning the often discussed inferior quality of hatchery-reared fry. His conclusions were based on observations of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), but might also apply to other salmonids. According to N.N. Disler, hatchery fry emergent on the flat surface of trays or troughs occur ina head-down position. This causes the oil droplet of the yolk sacto occupy an unnatural posterior position where it causes temporary deformation of the in- testine and prevents the passage of food. Disler further contends that, because of the na- ~ture of the artifical environment, hatchery fry begin to swim at an earlier age than wild fry. As a resultof the exhausting movements ofthe hatchery fry, the fat content of their “bodies--after all the yolk material has beenabsorbed--is only one-fourth that of wildfry. In order to avoid defects in the structure and behavior of hatchery fry, Disler rec- ommends thatthe facilities for holding young chum salmon should more nearly approxi- mate the natural environment. He suggests that several layers of large pebbles should be spread on the bottom of the holding containers, and water should be introduced from the bottom through the pebbles. A translation of Disler's paper entitled ''Development of Autumn Chum Salmon inthe Amur River" canbe obtained for 50 cents from the Office of Technical Services, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (The Progressive Fish-Culturist, July 1964.) 144 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 11 14,000-FOOT MOUNTAIN DISCOVERED IN PACIFIC The discovery of an undersea mountain in the Pacific Ocean comparable to Mt. Whitney, the tallest in the United States outside Alaska, was disclosed on August 25, 1964, by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Department of Commerce. The new discovery was made July 23, by the C&GS Ship Pioneer while on a six-months international scientific expedition tothe IndianOcean. The 30,000-mile cruise of the 312- foot floating laboratory'' ended August 11 when the ship returned to its home port of Oak- land, Calif. Its findings will take years for scientists to evaluate. The undersea mountain showed up onthe vessel's depth-sounding equipment about 175 miles south of Wake Island, between Hawaiiand Guam, where the ocean is almost 33 miles deep. Although it was 3,800 feet below the surface ofthe sea, it rose at least 14, 130 feet above the ocean floor. California's Mt. Whitney, inthe Sierra Nevada Mountains, is 14,495 feet high. The commanding officer of the Pioneer said the undersea mountain (termed a sea- mount by oceanographers) could be taller than the height recorded. ''We sailedover it only once,'' he explained, ''and the site where we recorded 14,130 feetmay not have been the highest point. A C&GS oceanographer (who participated in the Indian Ocean expedition) said the sea- mount was formerly | an island which probably sank beneath the ocean about 50,000,000 years ago. He said, ''The seamount is similar to any one of the Hawaiian Islands, but this one sank beneath the oceanover a great period of time because of its enormous size. The crust ofthe oceanbottom is just not sufficiently strong to withstand a load of suchdimen- sions. The new seamountis probablyan extinct volcano like so many others inthe Pacific Basin. They seem to form in groups on long linear rises or swells of the sea floor crust. Lava is spewed out above hot spots inthe earth's mantle, that part of the earth's interior which surrounds the central core."' He further stated that the seamount was ''a new moun- tain, geologically speaking," adding that ''the great mystery of Pacific seamounts is why we can not find any really old ones. Unlike mountains on land, seamounts are shielded from erosion,’ ' explained the oceanographer, ''so, like mountains on the moon, they should last virtually forever." Seamounts have a practical importance aside from their interest to scientists. For ships, most of which are now equipped with sounding devices, they furnish a method for establishing a fixed position on the often trackless sea. The location of seamounts, es- pecially those which are not too far below the surface of the ocean, is alsoof strategic importance to submarines. The new seamount will probably be named and its position will subsequently appear on nautical charts. Ps ‘ 4 a wel alae a int t its } r nei yte See wh ES Lege ¥ the oe we i fa } « F og — if 4 we re ¥ 1a 43 3 t Wh he = ig i Lon, wat ao te y- rene ra Oe PSo2 Te ig ‘ Carre “% y : af » A We van y Peak vi ne ty hazy we ix < yr MM / ‘2 , i vt ‘ ‘ in tv te oe) ¥ esr a7 pe BRA ee Er ’ ue? 2e i aL » ; i a A 4 Poca Wy. De r* ‘ me 4 aT Ort ‘Vue? ji hee Pee gatuthaniec Ome tt i: 3 i ‘ the, “ontan abcre Sao The a) we an ae oy Mery Ot thee AS walla islanede, art =n Lara ' me 4 » OF “*s 2 stg ah 8 ih? et Hot Ralf tichenl hy Clg to withetant m head of anond : @ probably ask, ee tireer Mmecarty bie Any there bn tale fon inerewde clone Tinea wipes af ae rin of the dda eer Hovd hat Apets th tie Sarita weenie’, (hak pare ol age earth's eval ve Lie furthe reads that thy Coxvnest wre ad bew - acd bat. “the area’ doerkils Of Padiic @eaineuiie Oe eT Ji WS. pasta ris! Gy). Ree mn ee a a es ta Op Rate tele AIM CCOVER ER IW BAG aeIC: ne y % i ‘sex mocduhta ln tietie ee iti er cake ety Mire Haid Ales ke, yaw ee we yey RRR Aagiiet bs Fae ee S. OtopePtment cf Cohematie, yao Fal y 2) bY Ure GesGiy Gil Re Oeil sal ‘ 5 WA wii Lie ea rk! ie) Se i) hae OF rote) ew + WHE tive Ay) peter ty Tie aie Bae A i Take year Tov sChentieta te.eye ae, ok eT ) LK 220 )'o cM blah gialaengy iy 4 tina Gh Wwe st Atri chr Citgeryp, ‘oe beseree: Cee: ae Aa 1} : OTe Clow, Hie BuHtAd F's de , rte BP ae t | 4i8 ‘ t a ve oe Lt) 2m viriises yy, Bike axe a eat weatle ayia, eosat t et mm ot) BL 8 met MIMO Rae Mee a ats Treas be tniiee than they hebghel Weneviep decks, |) tie saree fitn inn Gn the raKHy, theyre ioti cel ifomoaehee ea ide frome sete interest to “cient ; Treas gine tiny furtiieh ana tan om Te Otte ‘Werokinga ne a The loeRtion oe 4 Tar Dele thawte 4 the ash a 4 4 ala at’ es i AVS ne te) | Ae rem aS OVEN-FRIED CURRIED SHRIMP TM cUndsisirineatresttontroren 2 teaspoons curry powder | 1 egg, beaten %, teaspoon salt | 1 tablespoon woter Dash pepper 1 cup dry bread crumbs, toasted % cup melted fat or oil | Hot Marmalade Soy Dip | Thaw frozen shrimp. Peel shrimp. Remove sand veins and wash. Combine egg and water. Combine crumbs, curry powder, salt, and pepper. Dip shrimp in egg and roll in crumbs. Place on a well-greased cooky sheet, 15 x 12 inches. Drizzle | fat over shrimp. Bake in an extremely hot oven, 500° F., for 10 to 15 minutes or | until golden brown. Serve with Hot Marmalade Soy Dip. Serves 6 . HOT MARMALADE SOY DIP \ Ys cup orange marmalade 1 clove garlic, finely chopped | %, cup lemon juice Dash ginger | cup soy sauce 1 teaspoon cornstarch 1 1 tablespoon cold water S| Combine marmalade, lemon juice, soy sauce, garlic, dnd ginger; bring to the boiling point. Dissolve comstarch in water. Add to hot sauce and cook! until thick- | ened, stirring constantly. Serve hot. Source: U. S. Bureou of Commercial Fisheries pee. stane eines / i wns y S> Granaute was French, and her treasured recipes were altered to utilize the wonderful seafoods so ulat in New Orleans. Recipes like this could be found in garrets crammed with Eugenie bonnets, Laffite’ swords, and portraits of L’Empereur. Cosmopolitan Creole cooks cautiously blend the flavor of Cajun country with fastidious French flavors to produce seafood dishes which are distinctively New Orleans. In no area of the world. have traditional recipes been treated with such imagination and respect. Truly, seafood recipe treasures from the Gulf are admired and handled with the care of priceless Napoleonic antiques. a ‘ads, A --'"Heirloom Seafood Recipes to Treasure, " Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C. wt ee wn mT a Be? 2: Nr ill el : _ DECEMBER 196. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries VOL. 26, NO. 12 Washington, D.C. ay UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER = COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C, BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. reference to the source is appreciated. Budget, May 1, 1963. 20... ae 22... Bol. - 23... 23... 24... 24... 24.. de hee 24.. AN OeO Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: The purse-seine fishing vessel North Pacific, transformed into a beautifully decorated float, won first prize in the San Pedro 14th Annual Fishermen's Fiesta, October 23-25, 1964. The shore~ and-water pageant this year consisted of over 30 commercial fishing vessels transformed into dec- orated floats. The decorated boats paraded along the main channel of Los Angeles Harbor. An annual event, it is attended by over 100, 000 spectators and is televised nationwide. Tradition for the fiesta dates back into the 1930's when San Pedro fishermen celebrated a good season by deco- rating their boats with pennants and taking their families for a cruise. San Pedro continues to lead United States fishing ports--1963 landings amounted to 374 million pounds of fishery products val- ued at $32 million. Sanford TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Salmon: Abernathy Spawning Channel Proves Effective for Reproduction of Chum Salmon, by Rich- ard Bakkala Design and Operation of a Tray Rack for the Study of Oysters, by Michael Castagna Alaska: Foreign Fishing Activity off Alaska Alaska Salmon Pack in 1964 Halibut Fishing Season in Area 2 Closes Gear Marking Experiments Southeast Alaska Herring Catch Moderate King Crab Landings Low at Kodiak Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: Charter of Vessel Paragon Terminated Alaska Fishery Investigations: Sockeye Fry Availability Low During Sum- mer New Adult Pink Salmon Run Transported into Sashin Creek American Fisheries Advisory Committee: Recommendations made at Meeting in New England Page 25... Bilis ce -Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South--An Industry in Transition, by Charles F. Lee andF. Bruce -Review of the Movement of Albacore Tuna off the Pacific Coast in 1963, by Glenn A. Flittner TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): American Samoa: Tuna Fleet as of August 31, 1964 Aquatic Weeds: Use of Grass Carp from Malaysia to Fight Water Vegetation in Ponds California: Petrale Sole Migration Studies and Tagging Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Hatchery Fish Losses Attributed to Food Problem Caroline Islands: Commercial fisheries Project at Palau Being Developed Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Results of Midwater Trawling for Juvenile Tuna Trade Wind Zone Oceanographic Studies Con- tinued Earth's Gravitation Measured Tuna Biological Studies Continued Tuna Behavior Studies Continued Columbia River: Salmon Returns Encouraging Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Department of Defense Purchases, January- September 1964 Contents continued page II. IT Page 88} 6 o 38. . 38) os 38) oo 40.. 40.. 42.. 43... 43... 45... 49... 45... 46... OT oo A oo AM 06 48... 48... 48.. AB) 5 6 30 = ol. . 51... od. « 54... 04... Ba) 6 6 Ones COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): = TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Fish Hatcheries: Pesticides: Studies on Re-Use of Hatchery Water Con- 56.. Responsibility for Field Surveillance on Ef- tinued fects on Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Laboratory: Radiation Preservation: Biological Laboratory at Oxford, Md., Ded- 57... Fishery Products Irradiator at Gloucester icated by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- (Mass.) Dedicated eries Salmon: Fishery Research: 59.. Cooperative United States-Canadian Tagging Federal Aid Fishery Research and Special Program Studies Sharks: Fishery Limits: 59.. Sound Waves of Low Frequency May Guide Third International Law of the Sea Confer- Sharks to Food ence Recommended by American Bar Asso- Shrimp: ciation Group 60.. Seabed Drifters Released in Pink Shrimp Mi- Fur Seals: gration Study off Florida Prices for Alaska Skins at Fall 1964 Auction 61.. United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Octo- Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear ber 1964 Development: Tennessee: Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies 61.. Rough Fish Removal Program, April-June 1964 of Alewife, Chub, and Yellow Perch in Lake Tuna: Michigan Continued 61.. #Age-Growth Studies of Bluefin Tuna Landed Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: in California Lampricide Treatment of Streams Tributary 62.. Bluefin Tuna Tagged off Mexico Recaptured of Lake Michigan Near Japan Gulf Fishery Investigations: U.S. Coast Guard: Shrimp Biology Program 63... New Search and Rescue Vessel Vigilant Shrimp Dynamics Program United States Fisheries: Estuarine Program 63... Commercial Fishery Landings, January- Industrial Bottomfish Fishery Program September 1964 Shrimp Distribution Studies U.S. Fishing Vessels: Industrial Fishery Products: 64.. New Swordfish Vessel Chilmark Sword De- Calcium and Phosphorus in Fish Meal Found livered : Entirely Available to Chickens 64 .. Documentations Issued and Cancelled, August Views on Use of Fish Meal and Oil in Animal 1964 Nutrition U.S. Foreign Trade: U.S. Fish Meal, Cil, and Solubles: 65... Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Production by Areas, September 1964 January-June 1964 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, August 1964 66.. Processed Edible Fishery Products, Production, August 1964 August 1964 U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Washington: Production and Imports, January-August 1964 67.. Excessive Fishing Damages Chinook Salmon National Fisheries Center and Aquarium Run in Yakima River New Plans Approved Wholesale Prices: North Atlantic 67. . Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1964 Foreign Fishing Activities off Coast, October FOREIGN: 1964 International: North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Fish Meal: 5 Gear Development: 69... Production and Exports for Selected Coun- Experiments on Off-Bottom Trawling as tries, January-August 1963-1964 Against Conventional Trawling G9) 5. World Production, July-August 1964 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations International Association of Fish Meal Manu- Sea Scallop Population Survey on Georges facturers: Bank Continued GE) o' Fifth Annual Conference North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear First North American Fisheries Conference Development: of Commercial Fishing Industries: Albacore Tuna Abundance and Distribution Food and Agriculture Organization: Survey 10.. World Fishery Landings, 1963 Hake Distribution and Abundance Explored TB oc Meeting on Business Decisions in Fishery Multipurpose Pelagic Trawl Tested Industries Oceanography: 118) oc Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Holds 11th Giant "Echo-Sounder"' Maps Seabed and Its Session Underlying Structure in Caribbean Sea US 6.6 Forty-Third Council Session Consideres Research Vessel Yaquina Commissioned by Two Fishery Items Ore gon State University Terao Need for Sanitary Regulations in Interna - Oregon: tional Traffic in Animals and Animal Silver Salmon Transplants May Help Rebuild Products Sandy River Runs Contents continued page II. i December 1964 Page Modine » (ieee Mit) =, (Baad Wie 80.. Gileees 82.. S20. Bes 84.. BD) We 88... 88... 89... 89... Bolan SO. BOR. 1s Ore. oo 92)... 93) 7.. Sia D4 wane COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENT (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): Codex Alimentarius Commission: Second Session Meets in Geneva Worldwide Expert Committee on Food Hygiene Meets in Washington International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: Accomplishments and Outlook International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: Protocol Amendment Concerning Harp and Hood Seals Ratified by Denmark and France North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Renegotiation Talks in Ottawa End International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: 52nd Statutory Meeting Held in Copenhagen Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Fishery Technologists Meeting Held Salmon: Atlantic Salmon Fishery European Free Trade Association: Industrial Tariffs Scheduled for Further Reduction Australia: Abalone Industry Being Developed Canada: Marine Oil Industry Trends, January-July 1964 Research Highlights and Results Discussed at 19th Annual Meeting Salmon and Trout Restocking Program in Quebec Section of Bay of Fundy Reopened to Herring Seiners Ceylon: Yugoslav-Built Fishing Trawler Delivered Chile: New Fish Meal Factory Planned Congo-Brazzaville: Fisheries Expansion Being Considered Costa Rica: Fisheries Trends, Third Quarter 1964 Cuba: Expanded Fisheries Claimed Result of Soviet Aid Denmark: Copenhagen Fisheries Trade Fair Held in September 1964 El Salvador: Fisheries to be Aided by United Nations Special Fund Fiji Islands: Ex-Vessel Tuna Prices at Japanese Base France: Herring Imports from Other EEC Countries Subject to Minimum Price Regulations France Sets Minimum Prices on Herring Imports German Democratic Republic: Fishing Fleet Planned for Atlantic Fisheries Ghana: Large Trawler Built by Japan Page GES par... NOON: E00). . 100.. 1007: . 100.. LOOM LOS ee: ING) eet NOM = 102... 102.. 102... HOSE, TVOSi2"3 HOS)... LOSS OSs. HORE. = 104.. £05). 105... FOREIGN (Contd.): Greece: Freezer-Trawler Landings and Fishery Trends, July 1964 Greenland: Fishing Rights Agreement Signed With Faroe Islands Iceland: Herring Ex-Vessel Prices Set Fishery Landings by Principal Species, January-May 1964 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, January-June 1964 Utilization of Fishery Landings: January-May 1964 January-June 1964 Italy: Atlantic Fishing Fleet, 1964 Fish Consumption Japan: Frozen Tuna Export Prices Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U.S., January-August 1963-1964 Atlantic Ocean Albacore Tuna Fishery and Market Trends Tuna Mothership Operations in South Pacific Fishing Firm Granted License to Fish with Purse Seines off Africa Indian Ocean Tuna Transshipment Ports Designated Long-Line Tuna Fisheries Catch, 1963 University's Study of Attracting Deep-Swim- ming Albacore Tuna to Surface Ex-Vessel Bluefin Tuna Prices in Northern Japan Canned Salmon Export Prices Japanese Canned Salmon Sale to Great Brit- ain Postponement Requested in Sale of Alaska Salmon Ex-Dock Price for Chum Salmon More Trawlers to Fish in Gulf of Alaska Bering Sea Bottomfish Catch, 1964 Stern Trawlers to Fish in Bering Sea Bering Sea Fish Meal Production, 1964 Firm Withdraws Trawler Factoryship from Northwest Atlantic New Stern Trawler for African Waters Use of Okinawans on Trawlers Under Study Aluminum Fish Hold for Fishing Vessel Japan External Trade Promotion Organiza- tion Assigns Agent in American Samoa Canned Shrimp Exports to Great Britain Firm Experimenting with Canned Hake Council Formed of Japanese Long-Line Sea Bream Fishery Operators off New Zealand Views on 43rd FAO Council Fishing Company Executive Expected to Visit Mexico Republic of Korea: Fisheries Trends, Third Quarter 1964 Vessel Specifications of Fishing Fleet Ordered from France Mexico: Vessels Leave Mazatlan to Open Shrimp Fishing Season Contents continued page IV. IV 108... OOM 4a. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Mexico (Contd.) Construction of New Fish Cannery: to be Financed by Spanish Businessmen Use of Manatee to Control Aquatic Weeds in Lakes Netherlands: Modern Fish Auction Facility at Schevenin- gen Norway: Winter Herring Fishery, 1964 Agreement of Fishing for Dogfish and Bask- ing Shark Signed with Great Britain Persian Gulf: Commercial Fishery in Southern Area to be Developed by British Firm Philippines: Shrimp Exports, 1963 Poland: Fisheries Landings, January-June 1964 Portugal: Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1964 Ryukyu Islands: Government Seeks Changes in Tuna Fisher- ies Agreement with Japan. Senegal: Shrimp Fishery Trends, 1964 South Africa Republic: Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, May-June 1964 South-West Africa: Pilchard Fishing Industry Trends, FY 1963 Spain: Fishery Trends at Vigo, July-September 1964 Taiwan: Shrimp Exports, January-June 1964 Page 114.. 115... WN) 5c Wi oo Wilt o ¢ IN So FOREIGN (Contd.): U.S.S.R.: State Fisheries Production Commission Recommends Deep-Water Trawling for Fishing Vessels United Kingdom: Two New Semiautomated Stern Trawlers of Daring Class to be Built Yugoslavia: Fisheries Trends, 1964 FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: Use of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite as Food Additives in Smoked Cured Sable- fish Annual Conference Highlights Under- standing of U.S. Pure Food and Drug Law Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Determination of Fishery Failure Due to Resource Disaster in Great Lakes Area Regulations on Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act Published Proposed Regulations for Fishing Vessel Construction Assistance Announced Proposed Regulations Announced for Notice and Hearing Requirements of Fishing Fleet Improvement Act Small Business Administration: Loans to New England Commercial Fisher- ies Firms in September 1964 Disaster Loans for Hurricane-Damaged Areas Eighty-Eighth Congress (Second Session) RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Senior Compositors: Alma Greene and Marjorie McGlone Junior Compositor: sk ok ste se sk ole He ok OK Mary Andrews Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P. 10 (figs. 36 & 37)--F. B. Sanford; p. 23--Public Relations Office, Port of Seattle; p. 24-- Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game; pp. 32 & 33--Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii; pp. 44 & 45--Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas; p. 50--Robert K, Brigham; p. 55--Ore- gon State University, Dept. of Oceanography, Corvallis, Oreg.; p. 57--Technological Lab- oratory, Gloucester, Mass.; pp. 63 (left side), 93, and 101 (right side)--U. S. Coast Guard; p. 67--Tyner and Murphy, Kansas City, Mo.; pp. 84, 85, & 87--Info. Services, Dept. of Fisheries of Canada; p. 96--Genepesca Sede di Roma; p. 104--United Nations, VisualIn- formation Section, Dept. of Public Information; p. 106--R. S. Croker; p. 107--H. Kristjonsson. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. “ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIE December 1964 Washington, D.C. ol. 26, No. 12 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY AND THE SOUTH--AN INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION By Charles F, Lee* and F. Bruce Sanford** ABSTRACT The blue crab industry is in the initial stage of a fundamental change from hand preparation to machine preparation, Concurrently, it is scrutinizing its methods of capturing the crabs and of marketing the manufactured products to improve them also, and thereby ensure economic well-being. INTRODUCTION The blue crab industry ranks third in value of all the food-fish industries of the Chesa- peake Bay, the South Atlantic Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico Coast, being outranked only by those based on shrimp and oysters. This important industry, which furnishes employment to a large number of people has for several years, however, faced serious economic difficulty. Owing to the complex nature of the raw material, blue crab meat is still produced almost entirely by manual methods. The solution of its economic problems, however, requires more than mechanization, for the problems extend from the high cost of capturing the blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), on the one hand, to marketing the manufactured product on the other. The purpose of this article therefore is to briefly discuss those three problems. To put the problems into perspective, we shall first consider certain background informa~ tion in regard to catch. Then in the light of this knowledge, we shall consider briefly the prob- lems at each end of the chain of operations from sea to consumer--that of capture and that of marketing. Finally, we shall consider the problem of production, which is the one that is re- ceiving immediate attention by the industry. DISTRIBUTION OF CATCH The blue crab industry was begun at Hampton Roads, Va., over 75 years ago, and for some time, fishing was concentrated along the shores of the Chesapeake Bay. During the last few decades, however, the industry has expanded, and fishing now is fairly evenly divided between Chesapeake Bay and the South Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The total catch has fluctuated from year to year, but has been in the general range of 100 to 150 million pounds, The proportionate share of the participating states also varies yearly, but the distribu- tion reported in table is typical. Maryland and Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana are the most important producers, normally accounting for 85 to 90 percent of the total catch. The seven other states account for the remaining 10 to 15 percent. *Supervisory Chemical Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md, *Chemist-in=Charge, U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Reports, Seattle, Wash. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 718 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Production of picked meat bears little relation to the catch of hard crabs in any given state. This lack of close correlation exists partly because in some cities--such as New Orleans, Production of Hard Crabs and Picked Meat, 1961 Rank State 6 Production Hard Crabs Picked Meat Million | Percentage Percentage _of Total _of Total Baltimore, and Washington--hard crabs 1 Virginia 23.3 sold whole are very popular. Also, 2 Maryland 29.4 the differences in apparent yield of 5 Ponds Noes i128 tai picked meat from the catch of hard 5 Georgia 3 8.3 8.5 crabs result from the fact that sever- 6 Louisiana 11.9 8.1 2.8 al states--for example, South Caro- 4 panyeee ese ae ee ae lina, Virginia, New Jersey, and Dela- Om! Texas 2.9 2.0 2.1 ware-~-ship some or most of their Mississippi 2.5 1.7 2.0 crabs to plants in neighboring states, aeraee arn ore o) where the meat is picked. Maryland New Jersey 0.6 0.4 = is the most notable importer of live crabs; but Georgia, Mississippi, and Florida also import appreciable amounts and therefore produce more picked meat than their share of the catch would lead one to expect. PROBLEM OF CAPTURE The catch of hard crabs has declined each year since the 1960 peak of 149 million pounds. Undoubtedly the normal, and still largely unexplained, variation in the population available to the crab fisherman is the cause of part of this decline. A recent survey (Lee, Knobl, and Deady 1963a), however, brought out other causes. Catching methods have changed hardly at all in decades, and exploratory studies are needed to investigate crab populations in deeper waters and in other areas not now being fished. PROBLEM OF MARKETING Blue crabs are marketed as whole hard crabs, live, or steamed; as soft crabs; and as picked crab meat. Most of the crab meat is marketed fresh, but some is canned, and in- creasing amounts are being pasteurized. Frozen crab-speciality products such as deviled crab, crab cakes, and crab creole are also increasing in popularity. Fig. 2 = Cans of freshly picked crab meat are nested in ice along i i i ies i i Market Rigg dee iive crabs axel paynlenk tacts niger cual keen oaviars er catfish and other Southern delicacies in this French Marke ket in New Orleans. The proprietor knows that blue crabs have a belligerent disposition and uses long to the safest way to sae : : handle than, et) GLa AP i eee aes Pasteurization, a process in which the hermetically-sealed crab meat is heated to about 170° F. and held at that temperature for a short time, enables the packer to keep his product in refrigerated storage for several months. Pasteurized crab meat, when properly processed and stored, retains the flavor and texture of the fresh product. A trend to an in- December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 crease in the production of pasteurized meat and frozen specialty products has been in evi- dence over the past decade, for the industry has shared in the increasing popularity of con- venience foods. Considerable quantities of crab meat are used in the frozen specialty products previous- ly mentioned. Production of those items in 1961 amounted to 7.0 million pounds valued at $7.4 million. Canned blue crab, although second in value to frozen specialty items, is a popular prod- uct in inland areas. The value of the 1961 pack of canned meat (all styles) amounted to about $860,000. Marketing methods have remained relatively the same over many years. Except for the Philadelphia and New York areas, the distribution of fresh crab meat is still largely limited to the coastal states where crabs are caught. Despite progress in developing new market forms such as pasteurized meat and frozen specialties, there is much yet to be done in that direction, for a considerable amount of fresh crab meat is lost each season because of spoil- age or is sold at prices too low to pay the cost of production. Finding a solution to the prob- lems of marketing will greatly benefit the industry (Lee et al. 1964). PROBLEM OF PRODUCTION In September 1961, the Department of Labor included crab pickers under a revision of the Fair Labor Standards Act. That Act requires that laborers be paid a minimum wage of $1 an hour, which is to be raised, in two steps, to $1.25 an hour by September 1965. Historically, blue crab meat has been picked by hand, and the pickers have been paid on the basis of the amount they could produce, At the piece-work rate, however, many workers did not earn the minimum wage of $1 an hour, and very few earned the $1.25 hourly rate that will eventually be required by law. SURVEY: In 1961, Congress appropriated funds for developing means to save the blue crab industry from the financial difficulties that its members felt would result from the new wage regulations. A research and development firm (The American Scientific Corporation of Alexandria, Va.) has been working under contract on the problem since October of that year. The first step in the contractor's investigation was to survey the industry (Lee, Knobl, and Deady 1963a). As is evident from figure 3 (prepared by the contractor), blue crab plants are widely distributed along almost 2,000 miles of coastline in over 100 locations. The plants vary greatly in size, employing from 3 to more than 75 pickers, and vary also in the ways in which crabs are handled. In the multiple-flow sheet (fig. 4, developed from information col- lected during the aforementioned survey), the 15 vertical series of dots represent different sequences of handling in which the 28 possible suboperations--between the arrival of the live crabs at the receiving end of the plant and the movement of the final product from the ship- ping room=-were observed in one or more of the plants surveyed. PROGRESS TOWARDS SOLUTION: The factors of location, difference in size, type of operation, and economic condition of the individual firms greatly complicate the problems involved in providing some measure of economic relief. After the contractor made his sur- vey, he concluded that several relatively inexpensive machines that could be used either in- dependently or in combination would provide the flexibility in level of mechanization that the industry requires, Initially, however, because of the time required to develop machines of this type, the contractor suggested that a higher rate of production might be obtained through maximum utilization of the workers! skills. A plan for providing the industry some measure of immediate economic relief through worker specialization was discussed in a second report of the contractor's studies (Lee, Knobl, Abernethy, and Deady, 1963b). At the present time, the contractor is working on the first of the proposed machines. This will, when perfected, clean the crab core and prepare it for extraction of the lump meat. . COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 CAWBRIDGE (3 eae CROCHERON (2) DEAL ISLAND| @ G)p— : @ ait A hal Ue oes Poon, y - Lee [GECHAVENTe ji JENGELHARD ee s (SOUTH CREEK? TAURORAR@IP LOWLAND (3) = BUCK A hg ai cK RTONSVILLE Le" id [MOREHEAD CITY (2 )jsSBIMARSHALLBURG WILMINGTON (6) MC CLELLANDVILLE f |PORT OYA ROGMORE JLUFFTON 2 )MINILTON HEAD Ffravana PiQUINCY! BASTIAN ERO BEACH FORT PIERCE Places having crab plants licenced to operate in 1961. Number of plants, if more than one in a place, is shown in parentheses. Fig. 3 - Crab+plant locations. The blue crab meat pack of the 1961 season was processed in over 170 plants scattered widely along the coastline from Upper Chesapeake Bay to Central Texas. Plants differed greatly insize and, as shown, were mostly located inor near small towns. Among the 106 plant sites shown are tiny fishing villages such as Frogmore, Deal Island, Toddville, Honga, and Fishing Creek, This scattered pattern of production greatly complicates the successful mechanization needed to restore the industry's economic well being. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 O=cRISFIELD <; SEPARATE CLAW PICKERS —FRESH AND OS paSTEURIZED — MACHINE = CLAW PICKING a SEPARATE = DEBACKING O@ BLUE CHANNEL PICK INTO — LARGE PANS DEBACK O& MACHINE CLAW TABLE WASH = SEPARATE CLAW PICK __ TABLE WASH-BOB Os SEPARATE CLAW PICK — TABLE WASH-BOB ~ CLAW PICK = TABLE WASP > pEBACK OG BOIL LIVE CRAB WASH STEAM BOIL TABLE WASH COOL - ROOM TEMPERATURE COLD STORAGE (OPTIONAL) BOB DEBACK- CLEAN WASH 808 BACKFIN LUMP PICK PACK IN CANS REGULAR MEAT PICK CRUSH CORE SEPARATE MEAT (BRINE OR HAND) PACK IN CANS CLAW PICK CRUSH CLAW SEPARATE MEAT PACK IN CANS WEIGH CLOSE LID ICE PACK VACUUM SEAL PASTEURIZE COLD STORAGE PROCESS - CANNING: STORE SHIPMENT O O—O—-Owui MACHINE LPP Lay Hd | as oe, CrRes acs. as | ka SaGee CIRCLES CONNECTED BY LINES SHOW SEQUENCES OF OPERATIONS. @ = OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY ONE PICKER. Fig. 4 - Various operation sequences. This chart, developed after a survey of the blue crab industry to determine the degree of mech- anization needed, shows the 15 distinct and different handling patterns of 28 possible steps between live crabs and shipped meat that were observed in 65 plants studied. The lump meat then can be removed manually or by a second machine that can be attached to the core-preparing device. A modelof the lump picker has been fabricated and successfully tested. To ascertain the production problems and the role that the machines now being designed may play, you will find it helpful to quickly view the industry by means of figures 5-40. The photographs were taken in 1960, the year just prior to the one in which the Fair Labor Stand- ards Act went into effect. Although some of the plants have now shut down and a few others Fig. 5 = Shown is a crab plant in Mississippi on Biloxi Bay. With Fig. 6 - Someof the crab boats of lower Chesapeake Bay are re= few exceptions, crab plants are located on the waterfront, latively large. In most areas, however, crab fishing is a small=- boat operation. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Fig. 7 =In the foreground are two of the more common types of crab boat. Many crabs are fished by one man in a boat powered with an outboard motor, Fig. 8 = Crabs are hoisted from the boat in baskets or barrels and weighed. Crab fishermen are paid on the basis of the weight of catch, Most 'crabbers" are independent, though they oftenhave agreements to supply certain plants. Fig. 10 = This plant uses circular retort baskets in which the crabs Fig. 9 - Although most plants are located on the waterfront, are cooked, Each basket holds 300 to 400 pounds of crabs. many of the larger plants truck crabs from other areas, some- times hundreds of miles away, to supplement local production and to maintain a regular supply. Fig. 11 = Vertical retorts for cooking the crabs are used in mos Fig. 12 = Other plants use horizontal pressure cookers. This cooke crab plants. er holds 4 of the wheeled steel -mesh carts, December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Fig. 13 = Cooked crabs are handled in many ways. Some Chesa- peake Bay plants hold the baskets of crabs in a cooler overnight. Fig. 15 = These workers are debacking or "bobbing" crabs. Claws are removed at the same time, as they are picked separately. The shell and viscera are discarded. Since the yield of crab meat amounts to only 12 to 15 percent of the weight of whole crab, disposing of the waste is a problem. nice Oe OL er Fig. 17 - At the discharge end of another dryer, a worker is checking the scrap to determine if it is sufficiently dry for grinding. Fig. 14 = Many Gulf Coast plants deback the crabs as soon as they are cool. Here a hoist is lifting a basket until it can be tipped to dump the crabs onto the debacking table. ’ Ree Fig. 16 = Many of the larger plants solve the problem of waste disposal by converting the waste into a salable product by use of a crabescrap dryer, Waste from the debacking operation and the picking tables is dumped into the big hopper (foreground) and carried into the rotary dryer by means of a screw conveyor. i = 3 ci} Se ae Fig. 18 - The scrap goes from the dryer to a hammermill, where it is ground to meal and bagged, The product is used in mixed feeds for chickens, 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 elle Fig. 19 = Retuming to the main plant, Fig. 20 - Some plants use rotarywasher, Fig. 21 = This is a different type of rotary washer, we see debacked crabs being washed for cleaning the debacked crabs. used only for claws. Rie in flowing water. SSeS TS ie ce Fig. 23 = This is a crabepicking room after the daily cleanup. Fig. 22 =Here the debacked"'cores" are washed by water sprays The cans are for the disposal of waste. In the Chesapeake Bay in an elevated flume and are transported to a basket at the end Area, crabs are usually cooked in the afternoon and cooled over- of the debacking table. night. Pickers start work about daybreak. oe o fais Wa, Fig. 24 = Pickers work from baskets of crabs in this plant. Fig. 25 = Picking blue crab is almost entirely a hand operation and requires a large force of skilled workers. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 Fig. 26 = The cartilage is cut and the meat picked out with a Fig. 27 = These pickers are working on claws, which are picked special knife. separately, since the technique is quite different from that for picking body meat. Fig. 28 = This is a patented crab=picking machine sometimes known as a claw cracker. The screweconveyor elevates the Fig. 29 = Theshell fragments sink and are carried from the bottom claws to the hopper of a special type of hammermill. The of the tank by a conveyorbelt, center foreground, from which they broken pieces fall into a separation tank from which the meat fall into a waste barrel. At left isthe hopperheaped with crab floats off to an inspection=conveyor belt at the left. A U.S, De- claws feeding the screw=conveyor to the mill, partment of the Interior fishery inspector is observing the opera- tion. E GOING TC Fig. 31 « At the packing-room delivery window, the picker at left is bringing her pan of cans for credit. The pans in the fore= _ ground contain lids for three types of meat. Different production Fig. 30 = Workers check the machine=picked meat for residual areas use a variety of descriptive names for the various grades or shell. Note the gallon cans for packing. The product packed types of pack: backfin, special, white flake, regular, all lump, in gallon cans rarely reaches the retail market=-it is used in and so on. Basically, the types differ in the proportion the can mixtures such as deviled crab and crab cakes. contains of the large lump meat from the backfin. . 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Se & S Fig. 32 = This plant uses wheeled bins to ice and hold the packed Fig. 33 = Wooden barrels are commonly used to ship the fresh meat after the weight has been checked and the cans capped. crab meat, well packed in ice. & icked crab meat is Fig. 35 - Time and temperature used in pasteurization must be Fig. 34 = A sizable proportion of freshly p pasteurized and, for this process, must be packed inhermetical- carefully controlled to obtain desired keeping qualities without lysealedcans. The sealed cans are placed in a steel autoclave overcooking. basket and lowered into the open cooking tank, Gauges on the rear wall record the cooking time and temperature. ia 3 f poe 2 ay Fig. 36 = Open tanks can be used, since pasteurization tempera- Fig. 37 = The natural shell used by many producers of deviled tures are below boiling. Tanks in background are used to cool crab comes from the regular picking operations. After being the cans of pasteurized meat. cleaned, the shells are laid on a table in the sun to dry. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Fig. 38 - Frozen "specialty products" containing crab meat are Fig. 39 - The frozen shell-with -deviled-crab-mix is hand dipped tapidly gaining in popularity. In the preparation of deviled in batter and breading and then is packed into boxes, crab, the crab mixture is molded into the natural shell and froe zen before breading and packaging. This worker is removing the frozen crab product from the freezer tray. Fig. 40 = The institutional size box holds 12 to 18 crabs. Packing ~ the crab in the natural shell results in an attractive product. have made changes to increase efficiency of operation, this series of photographs is still quite typical of the industry inthe early months of 1964, Fig. 41 - This small machine developed for the blue crab indus- p ; try under contract with a research and development company Figure 41 shows the cleaning-debacking, will, when perfected, take whole cooked crabs and prepare core-prepari machine with ards, deli cleaned cores ready for removal of lump meat at the rate of eee a pons ae chine) wit 25 th ee about 1 per second, The guards and the delivery and discharge an SC arge c 1 es XS NES A iO) Wale € chutes have been removed so that the working mechanism is working mechanism is open to view. Thecon- open to view. tractor has expressed his belief that this ma- chine, combined with the lump picker previously mentioned, will enable every plant to operate profitably even with a $1.25 hourly wage minimum, 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 LITERATURE CITED LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; and LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; and EMMETT F, DEADY EMMETT F, DEADY 1963a. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part I = Survey 1964. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part III - of Processing Plants. Commercial Fisheries Re= Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position. view, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1-10. (Sep. No. 680.) Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-7. (Sep. No. 698.) LEE, CHARLES F.; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; ROBERT K. ABERNETHY; and EMMETT F, DEADY 1963b. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II = Meas- ures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Special= ization. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no 8, pp. 1-5. (Sep. No. 683.) Note: Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the following individuals in permitting us to take the photo= graphs depicting the industry: Mrs. L. Walls, Bagille's Seafood, Incorporated, French Market, New Orleans, La.; Joseph Marsalone, J. Marsalone Company, French Market, New Orleans, La.; A. C. Gollott, C. F. Gollott Seafood Company, Biloxi, Miss.; M. Betty, Southern Crab Company, Pascagoula, Miss.; Sam Lewis, Brunswick Quick Freezer, Incorporated, Brunswick, Ga.; W. Lewis and E. Lewis, Lewis Crab Factory, Brunswick, Ga.; J. T. Miller, Blue Channel Corporation, Port Royal, S. C.; D. P. Elliott, G. T. Elliott, Incorporated, Hampton, Va.; Emmett Deady, American Scientific Corporation, Alexandria, Va. IMPORTANT NOTICE Due to an unexpected mix-up in the mailing of the June 1964 issue of the magazine, there are probably a number of subscribers who did not re- ceive that issue. If you are one of those who did not receive that issue, write us for a copy. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 REVIEW OF THE MOVEMENT OF ALBACORE TUNA OFF THE PACIFIC COAST IN 1963 By Glenn A, Flittner* ABSTRACT Troll catches by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels monitoring fixed, continuously -manned stations off the Pacific coast revealed the seasonal movement of albacore tuna (Thunnus ala- lunga Bonnaterre) in 1963. Inshore and northward migration of albacore in relation to sea surface temperatures is reviewed. Onset, termination of fishing at each station, and simi- larity of movement to the schematic migration model presented last year for 1962 is examined. INTRODUCTION In furtherance of the cooperative trolling program which was started in 1960, the U.S. Navy continued to log albacore catches in 1963 at each of its radar early warning surveillance stations off the west coast of the United States. As before, coverage extended from latitude 31° N. to 50° N. at a distance of 200-550 miles from shore, Stations were continuously man- ned by a fleet of several vessels participating in a rotation schedule placing each ship on a given station for 20- to 30-day intervals. (For a brief description of equipment used and gen- eral fishing strategy, see Flittner 1961 and Johnson 1960,) Fishing commenced on April 1 and terminated November 1, When catch records indi- cated that a late-season flurry of activity might take place at the southern stations, vessels were asked to continue fishing through the months of November and December, Table 1 - Date of First Albacore Catch and Water Temperature at U. S. Navy Radar Picket Stations, 1960-1963 Water Temperature (°F) RESULTS The 1963 catch was the highest for any one year since inception of the program. A Station Number Approximate Position and Year Longitude ib Date of First Catch ‘ (none caught) = total of 1,041 albacore was taken by the picket ete ha MOAR ee a 2 fleet, The estimated weight of that catch was 50°N. 136°W. July 23 55 about 10,858 pounds, or 5.4 tons, eo alice Fi aia ee S The first catch of the 1963 season was re- W5rN EE Bans 7 63 ported at Station 3 on June 16 (table 1, fig. 1). Artes siaad 4—. 7 zee | The appearance of albacore at that station was sap me ME Pc AR 58 about 2 weeks earlier than in previous years. 1961 4O°N. 133°W. june 29° | 59 Fishing continued with few interruptions HS nee ik pe a 62 through the season, and the last catch was = 7 air a | logged on October 4. Water temperatures 1960 June 14 65 ranged from 61°-62° F, at the beginning to oe 17 59 68°-69° F, at the termination of fishing. Al- pely: bacore appeared at Station 4 on July 17, about 4 weeks later thana year prior, and were first taken at Station 5 on July, 25, more than 6 weeks later than in 1962-/, Stations 1 and 2 recorded their first catches of the year on July 23. Water temperatures at those loca- tions ranged from 55°-58° F, at the com- mencement of fishing to a maximum of 64°- a 65° F, at the end of September. %Fishery Biologist (Research), Biological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, San Diego, Calif. 1/Comparisons are drawn with 1962 ship stations nearest to present stations, but 1962 locations, having the same numbers may differ from current positions by as much as 150 miles. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 719 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 JUNE I-I4 1963 JUNE 15-30 1963 Fig. 1 - Albacore catch by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels in June-July 1963. Large numerals represent the catch at each station; small numerals indicate water temperature; and "x" indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F. tempera- ture zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 Califomia commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken from wa- ters within those temperature limits. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 AUG. 16-31 Us gaa Say SEPT. I-15 ey 1963 Fig. 2 - Albacore catch by U. S. Navy radar picket vessels in August-September 1962. Large numerals represent the catch at each sta- tion; small numerals indicate water temperature; and "x" indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F. temperature zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 California commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken from waters within those temperature limits. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 The Oregon albacore trolling fleet first reported taking albacore on July 13, about 140 miles west of Heceta Head. Those catches were about 200 miles northeast of Station 3, sub- stantiating indications from the early catches at that station that the northern extension of the albacore fishery was indeed as much as 2-3 weeks earlier than usual. Subsequently, Pa- cific Northwest albacore landings amounted to 11,868,978 pounds, which represented the larg- est catch since 1948, with the exception of 1959 when 13,542,804 pounds were taken2/. Water temperatures at ‘Stations land2 averaged about 2° F. warmer than the long-term average at commencement of fishing in late July (Renner 1963a). As the season progressed, the anomaly increased to 4° F, warmer than normal for September (Renner 1963b). Fishing nearly equalled the 1962 catch at Station 1 and exceeded all previous years at Station 2. The northward progression of the albacore population and its apparent relation to the an- nual northward extension of the 60°-66° F, thermal zone has been discussed for the years 1960 through 1963 in an earlier issue of this publication (Flittner 1963). This relationship was substantiated again by the catch-temperature distribution during the 1963 season (figs. 1-3). The shaded "optimum temperature'' zone shows the rapid changes in sea surface iso- therm configurations at 15-day intervals. The 60°-66° F, temperature range, which included more than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 commercial California albacore landings (Clemens 1961), encompassed fully 84.5 pekoan of the 1963 picket vessel catch. No albacore were tak- en from waters colder than 55° F, or warmer than 70° F. The October 1-15 catch records at Stations 1 and 2 (fig. 3) appear to depart from the "optimum temperature" hypothesis given above. A plausible explanation for those catches is as follows: sea temperatures at Station 1 averaged up to 4° F. warmer than normal inSep- OCT. I-15 “4 OCT. 16-3! 1963 | “ee 1963 pr concerrion Sey PT. CONCEPTION Fig. 3 - Albacore catch by U.S. Navy radar picket vessels in October 1963. Large numerals represent the catch at each station; small numerals indicate water temperature; and "'x"' indicates no fishing during the period. Shaded area delimits the 60°-66° F. tem pera- ture zone. More than two-thirds of the 1954-1958 California commercial albacore landings for June-September were taken from wa- ters within those temperature limits. 2/ Pacific Fisherman Yearbook, 1964. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 tember (Renner 1963b), whereas they were 3° F, colder than normal just 1 month later (Renner 1963c). The sharp 7-degree drop in sea surface temperature anomaly occurred in less than 30 days at more than two times the normal rate of cooling characteristic of the region at that time of the year. The vessel fishing on Station 1 reported having to stop all fishing opera- tions on October 15 as a result of heavy weather from an intense storm system which had de- veloped in the Gulf of Alaska. The upper mixed layer of the sea lost heat so rapidly as the storm system intensified that the schools of albacore probably were unable to move out of the region fast enough to avoid the suboptimal thermal conditions which were observed. Those changes are reflected in the 15-day charts (fig. 3). Station 3 off Cape Mendocino again logged the highest total catch for the year. That area has produced 47 percent of the combined 1960-1963 catch for all stations. Catches were made on 32 of 46 consecutive days from June 16-July 31 in 1963 (table 2), Fishing was also good at Station 2 where catches were logged on 35 of 45 consecutive days between September 1 and October 15, thus establishing a new record for the area. Fishing was poorest at Station 5, where only 5 albacore were taken on 5 separate days during the entire season. Table 2 - Albacore Catch and Effort Data for U.S. Navy Radar Picket Vessels Trolling on Station, June-October 1963 Number of fish Number of days fish were Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours Number of fish Number of days fish were Line-hours fished 3 Number of fish — Number of days fish were Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours Number of fish Number of days fish were Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours Number of fish Number of days fish were Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours Totals Number of fish Number of days fish were taken Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours 1/Station fished 2/X - Station not fished. Total fishing effort expended by the picket vessel fleet for June 1-October 31 amounted to 28,846 line hours, or about 8 percent less than in 1962 (table 2), Effort varied according to the individual vessels on station, weather, and operational commitments requiring temporary interruption of fishing. Consequently, although Station 3 was again the high producer for the season, total effort expended was less thanthatonStations 4, 2, and 5, respectively (table 2), The seasonal average catch per 100 line-hours at Station 3 was 8.7 fish, whereas in 1962 the average for the same station was 6.6 fish. In both years, the average catch per 100 line-hours at Station 3 has exceeded the average combined catch of all stations by a factor of 3. Although the peak of the commercial fishing activity occurred in September, the highest catches were recorded by Navy vessels during the July 16-31 interval (table 2), Catch per . 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 100 line-hours averaged 9.6 fish. Highest catch rates were attained at Station 3, where dur- ing the July 16-31 period, 28.7 albacore were landed per 100 line-hours of trolling; 31.8 fish were taken per 100 line-hours in the August 1-15 interval3/. As in previous years, catch-effort data were tabulated for all stations up to October 31lin accordance with the original fishing time limit (April 1-October 31) set up at the inception of the trolling program in 1960. When the 1963 season appeared to persist much later than usu- al, the vessels occupying Stations 4 and 5 were asked to continue fishing. Those vessels were able to fish well into December before heavy weather swept away their trolling gear. Evidence of late-season activity was noted :in 1962 at 40° N., 133° Ww. where 16 albacore from 7-11 pounds were taken November 1 through 10. In 1963, 247 albacore were taken at Station 4 (36° N., 131° W.) between November 1 and December 17. Catches reached a peak in the November 1-15 interval and declined thereafter (table 3). The vessel on Station 4 report- ed losing an additional 40 albacore because of inclement weather and heavy seas between No- vember 1 and 8. Station 5 produced no catch. Table 3 - Albacore Catch and Effort Data for U.S. Navy Radar Picket Vessels Trolling on Station 4 during November and December 1963 ie | Novenber | December ——_{ ais | ik | 1-15 | 16-30 | [16-31 | Totals fem ho W V 14 6 718 374 4 5.6 2.9 4, One noteworthy feature of the late-season catch is that for the second year the picket vessels apparently observed the offshore migration of the albacore population. Heavy com- mercial landings of small fish were reported at Monterey and Morro Bay during the week ending October 25, Catches declined in the November 1-15 interval, and bad weather termi- nated the fishery in the week ending November 22, coincident with the increased catches ob- served at Station 4, Number of fish Number of days fish were taken Line-hours fished Catch per 100 line hours tation not fished entire period due to loss o 1 ishing gear. The modal length of the November-December catch at Station 4 was 59 centimeters (23.2 inches, 9.5 pounds). No fish larger than 64 centimeters (25.2 inches, 12 pounds) were taken. Eight albacore were less than 40 centimeters long; the smallest, a 32-centimeter fish (12.6 inches, about 12 pounds), was caught November 22 in 68°-F, water. Comparison of albacore movements in 1963 to last year's generalized schematic model of migration (Flittner 1963) demonstrated close agreement on the broad scale, Albacore en- tered the coastal region and turned north about 3 weeks earlier than in the preceding 3 years, whereas migration into southern waters was up to 6 weeks later than usual. Onshore and northward movements appeared to follow the model and were limited by the distribution of "optimum" sea temperatures, The development of a good nearshore fishery in Central Cali- fornia and Oregon waters came early in July (fig. 1) and persisted through October as favor- able sea temperatures developed in a narrow north-south zone well within reach of the alba- core fishing fleet (figs. 2-3). U.S.S. Picket carried off the honors in total catch for the second consecutive year: 360 albacore were landed of a grand total of 1,041 fish for all vessels combined; of that total, 357 were taken on Station 5 ina single patrol (fig. 4). U.S.S. Scanner was second highest vessel with a total catch of 284 albacore. Picket logged the highest catch in one day at Station 5 on July 19 when 52 albacore were taken; 46 had been caught on the previous day. Scanner landed 42 fish on November 12 at Station 7, and took 33 albacore 2 days later. a 3/Although the effort expended on the station was minimal during this time, fishing occurred at intervals throughout the entire 15-day period. Fish were taken on each day the lines were out. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 FORK LENGTH (INCHES) 16 20 24 28 32 36 se a) ra wu ° iv Wi o = 5 z Fig. 4 - Men of the U.S.S. Picket display a sample of their rec- ord catch made on a single patrol at Station 5. Age-group representation of the 1963 picket vessel catch was similar to 1962. The 22-inch group (56 cm.) comprised 42 per- FORK LENGTH (CENTIMETERS) cent of the catch, whereas the 25-inch group Fig. 5 - Length-frequency distribution of albacore taken by U, S, (62-64 cm.) made up about 48 percent of the Navy radar picket vessels trolling on station, June -December, total (fig. 5). The remainder of the catchcon- 1963. All stations combined. sisted of very small fish (about 2 percent) and fish 30 inches or longer (about 8 percent), The largest fish taken was a 36-inch, 34-pound albacore which was caught on July 23 at Station 1, For the fourth consecutive year, distribution and availability of albacore off the U.S. west coast exhibited a striking correlation with prevailing sea surface temperatures as revealed by the 15-day charts prepared by the Biological Laboratory, San Diego. The rapid northward progression of the ''optimum temperature" zone with the advance of each summer season of- fers substantial evidence concerning one of the factors bringing about the rapid seasonal shift- ing of the centers of albacore abundance, LITERATURE CITED CLEMENS, HAROLD B, PACIFIC FISHERMAN 1961. The Migration, Age, and Growth of the Pacific Alba- 1964, Yearbook Number. Pacific Fisherman, vol. 62, no. 2 core (Thunnus germo), 1951-1958. Calif. Dept. (January 25, 1964), pp. 76-79. : Fish and Game, Fish Bull, No. 115, pp. 1-128. FLITTNER, GLENN A, RENNER, JAMES A, 1961. Cooperative Trolling Program, 1961. California Fish- 1963a, California F rad pte iae Sp aS casera AGaary ery Market News Monthly Summary, December 1961; July 1963; Part II - Fishing Information, 4 pp., Part II - Fishing Information, pp. 1-8. figs. 1963. Review of the 1962 Seasonal Movement of Albacore 1963b, California Fishery Market News Monthly Sete, Tuna Off the Pacific Coast of the United States. Com- September 1963; Part II - Fishing Information, mercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no. 4 (April), pp. pp-, 6 figs. 7-13. 1963c. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, JOHNSON, JAMES H, : ars s 1960. Navy Vessels Catch 447 Albacore in 1960. California enon, 1963; Part II - Fishing Information, 2 pp., Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, February 1961; Part II - Fishing Information, pp. 2-6. ote: Personnel of Radar Picket Squadron One are again to be congratulated for their participation in a cooperative program which has proven its worth to fishery scientists and to the albacore fishing industry, and has provided recreation to the picket vessel crew mem- bers. Tuna research workers and albacore fishermen alike are grateful to the officers and men of the squadron for their continued and enthusiastic participation in the trolling program. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW st ta: ma foie Ae Capen I a o Vol. 26, No. 12 SS =IRENDS 3 AND Salmon ABERNATHY SPAWNING CHANNEL PROVES EFFECTIVE FOR REPRODUCTION OF CHUM SALMON: Manmade spawning channels are being de- veloped as a method of reducing the 90 per- cent or more loss of salmon eggs that nor- mally occurs during incubation stages in nat- ural stream gravel. These severe losses are primarily caused by flood water that may erode incubating eggs from the gravel or smother the eggs by depositing silt and sand on gravel beds. Discovery of these limita- tions to salmon production has led to an at- tempt to create a controlled environment with graded permeable gravel and regulated flow of water with depths and velocity that would be optimum for the spawning and incubation of salmon. Not only has survival proven su- perior to that from natural streams under those conditions, but it is believed that the fry produced are as viable as fry produced in natural streams. This ability to compete and survive in the natural environment should re- sult in good adult returns. Egg-to-fry survivals in established spawn- ing channels are exceeding survivals in natu- ral streams by a significant margin and in some cases have reached maximum levels of over 90 percent, Because of their recent de- velopment, a reliable measure of adult re- turns has not been obtained for most spawn- ing channels. Figures, however, are avail- able from the Jones Creek channel in British Columbia where returning adult pink salmon have progressively increased from 400 to 5,000 in four generations. Results in the Abernathy spawning channel are also encouraging. This 1,800-foot long channel (see figure), located ona tributary of the lower Columbia River, was constructed in 1959 by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Method for operating the channel to achieve maximum production of young salmon and re- turning adults are now being developed. The Abemathy spawning channel. With one exception, the environment cre- ated in the Abernathy channel has been ade- quate for the successful incubation of chum salmon eggs. Deposition of sediment from the water supply as it moved through the channel has made it difficult to maintain the original permeable condition of the stream- bed gravel. Removing and screening the gravel in the channel provided a temporary solution to this problem. A more permanent solution will be attained with a settling basin which will remove silt and sand from the wa- ter supply before it enters the channel. With control of the sediment, the Abernathy spawn- ing channel shows promise of providing con- ditions for achieving good egg-to-fry survival. Survival studies at Abernathy are being conducted mainly with plants of eyed eggs, but some informationhas also been obtained with plants of green eggs and with natural spawning. Excellent survival (75-95 percent) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 720 December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 Chum Salmon Egg-to-Fry Survival in the Abemathy Spawning Channel Number of | Number of | Percent- Type of Year Eggs Fry age Deposition Deposited | Produced | Survival 1960/61} 250,000] 229,610 91.8 Plants of eyed eggs 1961/62} 600,000| 572,895 95.5 1962/63] 1,185,000| 891, 849 75.3 Plants of green eggs 1962/63 27, 860 24,461 87.8 Natural spawning 1962/63 54,156] 44,452 8 was observed for all three methods of egg deposition (see table), These consistent re- sults have demonstrated that the Abernathy channel will yield maximum survival of chum salmon fry. With the development of anadult run adequate in size to fully utilize the facili- ties at Abernathy, such a channel can make a Significant contribution to the chum salmon population of the Columbia River. Fig. 1 - Overall view of tray rack showing construction of walks and position of superstructure. | --Richard Bakkala, Fishery Biologist (Research), of six catwalks, 3 feet wide and 26 feet long, Biological Laboratory, fastened to stringers which in turn are attach- U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, ed to vertical pilings. The walks stand 4 feet Seattle, Wash. vias cee above a mean low water depth of 5 feet and border five bays 26 feet in length and 11 feet wide. Each bay holds 16 trays, each tray be- ing suspended from the walk by a single line and bridle. Twelve additional trays could be suspended from the outside of the two outer Design and Operation of a walks making it possible to accommodate a total of 92 trays. Tray Rack for the Study of Oysters As a result of the serious oyster mortali- ties which occurred along the east coast of the United States since 1957, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries initiated a study of these mortalities at its Franklin City Field Station on Chincoteague Bay, Va. A major portion of this research involved maintaining oysters of several age groups from various geographic regions for routine observation over a period of 5to 7 years. To prevent de- struction by predators and smothering from silt and algae, it appeared desirable to sup- port the oysters off the bottom in trays sus- pended from a permanent platform readily accessible to the laboratory. This report de- scribes the design and operation of the struc- ture, which we have called a tray rack. A block and tackle, which travels ona mon- ,orail suspended from the overhead structure, The rack (fig. 1) was erected adjoining an existing pier. Creosote-treated pilings Fig. 2 - Photograph of monorails, movable block and tackle, and 30 feet in length were driven 12 feet into the chicken wire cover arrangement of bridle on tray. bottom to form the supporting frame of the US. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR structure, The walks, superstructure, and Fish and Wildlife Service braces were made of 4x6 and 2x 8-inch creo- Sep. No, 721 sote-treated lumber, The structure consists 22 is used to lift the trays out of the water andto transport them to the pier (fig. 2). The mono- rail tracking system is of the type used in the meat-packing industry. The tackle consists of a double and a single four-inch steel block swivel mounted and strung with z-inch rope. The superstructure rises 8 feet above the walks and adjoining pier and projects over the pier so that trays may be loaded on a flatbed handtruck for transport into the laboratory. The tracks and other metal parts are painted with "Esso Surett Fluid 30" to lubricate and prevent rusting. The first trays employed in this study were constructed of woven steel rods, and were 40 inches long, 20 inches wide, and 4 inches deep. Later those were replaced with lighter trays of approximately the same size constructed of expanded steel welded to steel rods. To re- duce corrosion the trays are dipped in hot roofing tar once or twice a year. Chicken wire (13-inch mesh, 18 gauge) is used to cover the trays to prevent loss of oysters. Bridles on the trays are constructed of é -inch welded link chain fastened with lap links or ''S'' hooks. It was found that the less expensive ungalva- nized chain showed no more corrosion or wear than galvanized, and ''S'' hooks showed less wear than the more expensive lap links. Poly- propylene ropes of 3-inch diameter are at- tached to the tray bridles and secured to cleats on the sides of the walks. This syn- thetic rope is not destroyed by marine bacte- ria in sea water and is thus preferable to rope made from hemp and similar natural fibers. Water from a gasoline motor-driven pump is used occasionally to flush off the soft fouling organisms and sediment which accumulates freely on oyster trays in turbid water in Chin- coteague Bay. As designed, the tray rack makes it pbssi- ble for one man to handle the trays with a minimum of effort and little chance of acci- dent. In addition, trays are easily lifted with the tackle and carted indoors for observation and study, an advantage of particular benefit in the winter in temperate latitudes. In Chin- coteague Bay fouling by sessile organisms accumulates rapidly. A tray of oysters so fouled can weigh in excess of 300 pounds yet can still be handled by the system here de- scribed. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 After a year of operation, we find this tray rack functional, efficient, and timesaving. =--By Michael Castagna 1, Fishery Biologist (Research), Biological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Oxford, Md. (Franklin City, Va., Field Station). 1/Present address: Michael Castagna, Scientist-in-Charge, East- erm Shore Marine Laboratory of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Wachapreague, Virginia. Note: I wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Paul Heister, maintenance man at the Bureau's Oxford Laboratory, in the design and construction of the structure described here. Alaska FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITY OFF ALASKA: U.S.S.R.: Soviet trawling activity off the coast of Alaska declined gradually through- out September. By the end of that month the fleet had decreased to less than 25 vessels. That fleet had been fishing from southwest Kodiak east to the vicinity of Ocean Cape off Yakutat. It appeared that the Soviets were continuing to fish for Pacific ocean perch, with little take of incidental species. Two Soviet whaling fleets continued to op- erate off Alaska throughout September. One fleet worked south from the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands to south of Unimak Pass, The second fleet was whaling along the west- ern Aleutian Chain generally in the vicinity of Amchitka Pass. Japan: The Japanese fisheries off Alaska also declined in September as various fleets filled their catch quotas and sailed for their home ports. Two fish-meal fleets departed for Japan as the month drew to a close and both king crab fleets departed Bristol Bay about the middle of the month, Two Japanese shrimp fleets continued to operate north of the Pribilof Islands group# The one remaining fish-meal fleet fishing in the same general vicinity was scheduled to depart shortly. A fish-meal-freezer factory- ship fishing south of the Pribilofs was also expected to cease operations in the near fu- ture, December 1964 Four large new Japanese stern trawlers and two smaller side trawlers continued fish- ing for shrimp and Pacific ocean perch in the vicinity of southwest Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska during September. ALASKA SALMON PACK IN 1964: The final 1964 weekly salmon pack report of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Fig. 1 - Longshoremen guiding a slingful of cases of canned salm- on shipped from Alaska at a dock in Seattle. showed the Alaska salmon pack at 3,509,400 standard cases (48 1-lb. cans). This was an increase of 853,391 cases or 32 percentas com- pared with the 1963 salmon pack of 2,656,009 cases. Fig. 2 - Inside a warehouse at Seattle, Wash., labelers unpack cans/of unlabeled Alaska salmon onto a conveyor for labeling. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Central Alaska, with a total of 1,721,000 cases was the highest producer, while South- eastern and Western Alaska packed 1,225,300 cases and 563,100 cases, respectively. The Kodiak area was the highest in the State with 633,250 cases. The Ketchikan area was sec- ond with 580,000 cases, and Bristol Bay was third with 535,450 cases. Pink salmon accounted for 1,903,000 cases or 54 percent of the total pack followed by red, 720,300 cases or 21 percent; chum, 689,000 cases or 20 percent; coho or silver, 155,300 cases or 4 percent; and king, 41,800 cases or 1 percent. sk ok ok ok HALIBUT FISHING SEASON IN AREA 2 CLOSES: The 1964 North Pacific halibut fishingsea- son in Area 2 closed on September 15 and for the second straight year the catch quota was not attained. Regulations of the International Pacific Halibut Commission provided that halibut fishing in Area 2 (from Cape Spencer, Alaska, to Willapa Bay, Wash.) would close on that date or earlier if 25 million pounds of halibut were taken, A total halibut catch of 21 million pounds was expected by the time fishing stopped on statutory closing date, Last year (1963) was the first year since the Commission assumed control of the halibut fishery that the Area 2 season closed without attainment of the catch quota (28 million pounds in 1963), The catch in Area 2 totaled | 25 million pounds in 1963, oe Oe ke Xe GEAR MARKING EXPERIMENTS: In conjunction with United States efforts to minimize gear conflicts in the Gulf of Alaska between domestic and foreign vessels, tests of gear-marking devices for possible use in the king crab fishery were conducted aboard the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search vessel John R, Manning in the Kodiak Island vicinity. Four different types of pas- sive radar reflectors, in combination with 2 flotation devices and 3 different poles, were tested. A variety of weather and sea condi- tions during the period provided the opportu- nity for observation of the markers in situa- tions comparable to those which might rea- sonably be expected in actual use with the commercial fishery, The results of preliminary tests were en- couraging. Two ofthereflectors gave prom- . 24 ising results under all sea conditions encoun- tered during the tests. Maximum distances at which the reflectors could be observed, using shipboard radar, were 4+ miles under "good weather conditions and 2% miles under ad- verse conditions. Plans were to alter the most promising reflector buoys with the goal of increasing the effective range, and subsequently to assist cer- tain key fishermen in testing and evaluating the markers under operational conditions. 3 ok 2 3 OK SOUTHEAST ALASKA HERRING CATCH MODERATE: The commercial herring reduction fishery ceased operations in early September 1964, after what the industry termed a ''moderately successful” season. Only 23,500 tons of a 35,000-ton herring catch quota were taken. The catch was composed of about 50 percent age VI fish and 11 percent age VII fish. No younger age classes seemed strong at the time. = ER Ea os os KING CRAB LANDINGS LOW AT KODIAK: Returns of king crab tagged by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in its stud- ies near Kodiak were few, asof the end of September 1964, and indicated a lower fishing effort than in 1963. This is because full king crab processing had not yet been re-establish- ed in Kodiak since the earthquake. On the Peninsula, however, processing was reported to be in high gear and another large annual pack was anticipated. A full load of king crabs at Kodiak, Alaska. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development CHARTER OF VESSEL "PARAGON" TERMINATED: With the completion of Cruise 64-2 (June 16- September 19, 1964) in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, the exploratory fishing vessel Paragon, chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, terminated over 4 months of charter to the Bureau. The results of explorations by that vessel will allow for more detailed evaluation of the Gulf of Alas- ka shrimp resource. Note: See Commercial! Fisheries Review, November 1964 p. 17. Alaska Fishery Investig ations SOCKEYE FRY AVAILABILITY LOW DURING SUMMER: Widely separated studies involving sum- mer sampling in Coville Lake with tow nets and a roundhaul seine in Auke Lake showed July-September declines in sockeye fry avail- ability of 90 percent in Coville and 70 per- cent in Auke Lake for 1964. The Coville study also shows that for both 1963 and 1964 there were probably heavy mortalities of sockeye fry in early June, a stable period of low mor- tality in mid-summer, and another period of high mortality in late August. x OK XK OK NEW ADULT PINK SALMON RUN TRANSPORTED INTO SASHIN CREEK: vessel equipped with tanks for live fish was used to transport adult pink salmon from Bear Harbor, Kuiu Island, to Sashin Creek, Little Port Walter. A total of 1,866 pink salm- on (including 1,139 females) were released above the weir and 150 males were released below the weir. Those released below the weir were divided into 3 groups of 50 each. One group, tagged with red Petersen discs, was released from the floating pound in Little Port Walter Bay. The second group, tagged with white discs, was released below the weir without being held in Sashin Creek. The third group, tagged with yellow discs, was held in Sashin Creek 4 days and released below the weir. About 40 of the 150 tagged fish passed upstream through the weir. The largest number passing upstream originated from the group held 4 days inSashin December 1964 Enumerating pink salmon fry on theiroutmigration at Sashin Creek, Little Port Walter, Southeastem Alaska. Creek, and the smallest number from the group released in the bay. There was no evidence of fish dying un- spawned, and spawning occurred through the 0.6-mile length of spawning ground, Spawn- ing density was highest in the lower 0.4-mile section, however, The transplant study was conducted cooperatively with Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game biologists and a pri- vately-owned packer vessel, The results may demonstrate a feasible technique for increas - ing salmon production in Alaska. American Fisheries Advisory Committee RECOMMENDATIONS MADE AT MEETING IN NEW ENGLAND: At a three-day meeting held in Danvers, Mass., this Octo- ber (1964), the American Fisheries Advisory Committee rec- ommended that greater emphasis be placed on programs of research and management of fishery resources, improving product quality, and development of new fishery products. It also suggested that a training program be started for com- mercial fishermen as a means of encouraging young people to enter the fishing industry. The Committee, which is re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 sponsible for advising the Secretary of the Interior on gen- eral fishery matters, made a number of other major recom- mendations, Another recommendation by the Committee urged continu- ation of efforts to resolve differences between sport fishing and commercial fishing interests in both fresh-water and salt-water fisheries resources. The Committee pointed out that both groups face common problems, and solutions will require concerted efforts by both. Other actions taken by the Committee were: 1. Endorsed provisions of the Fishing Fleet Improvement Act which calls for new fishing vessels to be of advance de- sign, and that economic injury to existing fleets be avoided in- sofar as possible, 2. Recommended that the fishing industry and the Federal Government take full advantage of the Federal fisheries legis- lation enacted in the 88th Congress. 3. Endorsed the new Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act as a means of providing maximum opportu- nities for further development of commercial fisheries at state levels, At the meeting, representatives from the U.S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries discussed programs of the North At- lantic Region. Highlights included the Bureau's research on quality of fresh and frozen fish; new and more etficient fish- ing vessels and gear; and biological and oceanographic pro- grams seeking improved knowledge of fisheries resources, Other matters discussed included the problem of heavy fish- ing pressure by foreign fleets off the New England coast; the recently passed Fishing Fleet Improvement Act; and economic factors affecting the New England fishing industry. The Advisory Committee visited the new and recently dedi- cated Marine Products Irradiator at Gloucester, Mass. This facility (which was constructed by the Atomic Energy Com- mission) will be operated by personnel of the U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and is the first food irradiation plant in the world devoted entirely to fishery products, Members of the Committee also toured major fish processing plants in the Gloucester area, The next meeting of the American Fisheries Advisory Com- mittee will be held in Washington, D. C., in the spring of 1965. American Samoa }} TUNA FLEET AS OF AUGUST 31, 1964: A total of 33 tuna fishing vessels was re- ported to be fishing out of American Samoa as of August 31, 1964, They consisted of ves- sels from the following countries: Japan--20; Taiwan (Formosa)--7; Republic of South Ko- rea--5; and Okinawa--1. An additional six 140-ton class tuna vessels from South Korea were expected to join the Samoan fleet after October 10. The six vessels were construct- ed in Japan. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep- tember 26, 1964.) 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Aquatic Weeds USE OF GRASS CARP FROM MALAYSIA TO FIGHT WATER VEGETATION IN PONDS: A species of fish known as grass carp found in Malaysia is reported to be almost completely herbivorous, preferring a diet of grass and other water vegetation rather than subsisting on insects and competing fish. The U.S. Department of the Interior announced this past September that 27 small specimens of these grass carp were imported into the United States from Malaysia in 1963 for prop- agation experiments and study of their feeding habits. They are being studied at experimen- tal ponds managed by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife at Stuttgart, Ark. If their propagation in this country is success- ful, they may eventually be the means tohelp fight vegetation in the thousands of farm ponds where production of game fish is restricted by excessive weed growth. In selecting this carp, scientists point out that excessive vegetation in farm ponds pro- vides too much escape cover for small fish, which are the main source of food for larger fish. Heavy weed growth also impedes navi- gation and the harvest of desirable fish spe- cies. Herbicides could be used to eliminate weeds, but that approach is considered too costly and also might prove hazardous to fish. For those reasons it was decided to experi- ment with the test group of imported grass carp. The Bureau says it has much to learn about the species before it would recommend its use in the United States. Even if the grass carp proves its worth at keeping vegetation out of test ponds, its ability to reproduce will be studied in carefully controlled experiments. The Bureau also wishes to know the effects the grass carp would have on other species of fish and on desirable waterfowl foods. The Chief of the Fish Farming Experimen- tal Station at Stuttgart said Malaysian fish- ery scientists report they have been unable to Spawn grass carp in ponds there, Hebelieves spawning might be induced by adding fresh water to the test ponds and by injecting hor- mones, if necessary. He said, "Up until 15 years ago it was believed impossible tospawn our native buffalofish in ponds, but the intro- duction of fresh water into ponds resulted in successful spawning,’ Fishery scientists are not sure why the introduction of fresh water will help induce spawning. Some think itmay Vol. 26, No. 12 give the fish confidence that there will be an adequate water supply for the survival oftheir young. The 27 specimens of grass carpatStutt- gart are the survivors of 70 fingerlings sent to the experiment station by air in plastic bags last year by the Malaysian Director of Fisheries. The fingerlings, then less than an inch long, survived their trip and were divided among indoor aquaria and an outdoor pond. They were fed fish meal and canned spinach during the winter. About half the indoor group survived; only one in the outdoor pond was lost. The survivors are now about 16 inches long and weigh about two pounds each. They are fed high-protein fish meal, supple- mented occasionally with a handful of grass. The grass carp has smaller scales and a more elongated body than its cousin, the German carp, which was imported and intro- duced to the United States nearly a century ago as a food fish, but is not thought of very highly by sport fishermen. The German carp reproduces rapidly, muddies water, and re- tards the growth of plants needed for oxygen replenishment of water and competes for food with some species more desired by sportsmen. If the grass carp begins display- ing any of those traits, it will be rejected by the Stuttgart researchers. The grass carp is said to be active and might be a good game fish. As far as is now known, it does not feed on other fish. A report from England said 15,000 grass carp are being used successfully to prevent weeds from clogging water inlets at an elec- tric power station at Barrow-in-Furness, British scientists have not yet learned ifthe fish will spawn there, California PETRALE SOLE MIGRATION STUDIES AND TAGGING: M/V "N.B. Scofield’ Cruise 64-S-4-Bot- tomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964): To locate and tag petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) for migration and subpopulation studies was the principal objective of this cruise in the coastal waters off Shelter Cove, Bodega Bay, and Ventura, by the California Department of December 1964 Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield, Secondary objectives were to tag Sharks in cooperation with the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife tagging program, and to collectspec- mens for specific studies. All tagging on this cruise was conductedin the vicinities of Shelter Cove and Bodega Bay using commercial otter trawl gear. A total of 2,864 petrale sole was tagged and released in water shallower than 65 fathoms. The fish were caught during 95 tows, each of which lasted from 20 to 30 minutes. The condition of the fish taken from and released in shallow water was excellent, A total of 43 tows was made in the Shelter Cove area and yielded 1,664 petrale sole for tagging. About 60 percent of those fish were of commercial size (greater than 11 inches), and were available in commercial quantity. The remaining 52 tows were made in the Bodega Bay area where 1,200 petrale were tagged. Although 99 percent of the Bodega . ~* ay XZ, Sos SS, Soatish Flat ot Se . eS ss ' Legend; ® - Tagging areas. : / \ Delgada Canyon Nv pies Delgada SnreNter Cove Fig. 1 - Shows Shelter Cove tagging area, N. B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-4-Bottomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Bay fish were of commercial size, they were less abundant than in the Shelter Cove area. Returns from this tagging effort will give valuable information about summer migra- tions of petrale sole stocks, as well as ad- ditional growth data. A few tagged petrale sole were recaptured by the commercial fish- ing fleet before the cruise ended, Five male dogfish shark (Squalus acanthius) were tagged and released in the Shelter Cove area, Two red Peterson disc-type tags print- ed in English and Spanish were secured on either side of the first dorsal fin with astain- less steel pin, Specimens of English sole (Parophrys vetulus), petrale sole (Eopsetta roraan, Do- ver sole (Microstomus pacificus), rex sole, Glyptocephalus zachirus), and curl-fin turbot (Pleuronichthys decurrens) were collected for systematic studies at the California Academy of Sciences. Legend: GY - Tagging areas. Salt Point Bodega Bay Fig. 2 - Shows Bodega Bay tagging area, N. B. Scofield Cruise 64-S-4-Bottomfish (July 21-August 20, 1964). . 28 It had been planned to tag Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) with operculum tags but none were caught during the cruise. The halibut tagging project is in cooperation with the International Pacific Halibut Commission. Three tows were made in the Ventura area to collect juvenile California halibut (Para- lichthys californicus) for the California De- partment of Fish and Game's sportfish proj- ect at Terminal Island, but none was caught, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 20. Xk Ok PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 64-A-5-Pelagic Fish (July 28-August 18, 1964): The objectives of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska in the coastal waters of southern Baja California, Mexico, from Magdalena Bay to Cedros Island were to: (1) survey the pelagic species to determine population densities and to ascer- tain age and size compositions; (2) assess sardine spawning success forthe current year (1964); and (3) collect live anchovies and groupers forblood genetic studies by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif. A large midwater trawl and a blanket net were used as sampling devices. Both types of gear were fished over the same general areas; the trawl on 36 stations and the blan- ket net on 24, All work was conducted at night, with a bright electric light used to at- tract fish for capture with the blanket net. NORTHERN ANCHOVY (Engraulis mordax): Northern anchovies were the dominant spe- cies throughout the survey area, They were taken in 24 midwater trawls in numbers rang- ing from several fish up to 26,000. Visual scouting between stations accounted for 68 schools and 25.5 miles of surface scatter in the 237 miles scouted, (Surface scatter con- sisted of fish spread sparsely through the top 3 to 4 feet of water, and which were in sight continuously for distances up to several miles.) Blanket-net stations were ineffective in sampling anchovies due to the negative photo- tactic reaction of that species to the attracting light. They appeared under the light on4sta- tions but remained so deep that only one small sample was obtained. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Abreojos Pt. Legend: @ - Sardines, 1964 year- class. © - Sardines, 1964 year- class & sub-adults. © - Sardines, adults. > - Northern anchovy. © - Jack mackerel. A - Pacific mackerel. Balleras Bay Santa Maria Bay ex fe 3) Magdalena Bay ® Alaska Cruise 64-A-5-Pelagic Fish (July 28-August 18, 1964). Magdalena and Santa Maria Bays contained large amounts of juvenile anchovies 60 to 80 millimeters (2.4 to 3.1 inches) long. They were massed in thick continuous schools along much of the shoreline. Concentrations of adults were present off Abreojos Point and smaller subadults were taken in Cristobal Bay and at Cedros Island. Except for the large amounts of juveniles in the southern part of the area surveyed, anchovy abundance appeared to be at about the same level as the previous year. PACIFIC SARDINE (Sardinops caeruleus): Pacific sardines were taken at 8 blanket=net stations and in 6 midwater trawl tows. Mag- dalena and Santa Maria Bays yielded the most fish, accounting for 5 blanket-net and 2 trawl catches, Other catches were made in Bol- December 1964 lenas Bay, Cristobal Bay, Thurloe Bay, and at Cedros Island. Juvenile fish-of-the-year predominated, with adults occurring in only three catches. The juvenile sardines were found in pure schools, a change from the usual mixture of a few young sardines ina large school of anchovies. No schools were sighted during night scouting. The 1964 year-class appears to be stronger than those of the pre- ceding 2 years. PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (Scomber diego and Trachurus symmetricus): Pacific mackerel were taken in quantity only in Mag- dalena and Santa Maria Bays, where both ju- veniles and adults were found, The remaining catches consisted of a few individuals of sub- adult size. The blanket net made 5 catches and the trawl 1. Last year's (1963) survey found Pacific mackerel distributed over a much larger area and in greater quantities. Jack mackerel were taken mainly in the northern part of the survey area, The trawl accounted for 14 catches and the blanket net 5. The catches consisted wholly of juveniles and subadults, with a preponderance of fish- of-the-year. Those young fish were scattered throughout the upper 3 feet of water and were very vulnerable to the trawl. No schools of either mackerel species were sighted while scouting. INVERTEBRATES: Squid and pelagic red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) were frequently taken in the trawl, Several catches of red crab exceeded one ton, During the cruise, live broomtail grouper (Myctoperca xenarcha) and spotted cabrilla Epinephelus analogus) were collected for blood serology studies by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, La Jolla, Weather and sea conditions during the cruise were good and permitted completion of all planned work, Sea surface tempera- tures were considerably colder than normal for the time of year, especially north of Ab- reojos Point. Temperatures in that area ranged from 59° F, (15.0° C.) to 68° F. (20,0° C.) and averaged about 7° F. colder than during the previous year. Airplane Spotting Flight 64-12-Pelagic Fish (August 10-12, 1964): To determine the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the area from Bodega Bay to Port Hueneme, and Point Vicente to Ocean- side, Calif., was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fish and Game aircraft Cessna "182" N9042T, On August 10, the area from Jalama Park to Port Hueneme and Point Vicente to Ocean- side was scouted, Heavy smoke and haze limited air visibility in the areas flown and precluded surveying much of the southern California coastal area, From Ventura south, "red tide’ restricted water visibility. North of Ventura, a total of 56 northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) schools was noted very near the surf line. At San Onofre, a small school of Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) was sighted on the surface feeding upon smaller unidentified organisms. On August 12, the area from Bodega Bay to Mussel Point was scouted, Both air and water visibility were good except for a few patches of fog in the Morro Bay-Pismo Beach area, In Monterey Bay, large concentrations of anchovies were seen near Santa Cruz and Monterey. The fish at Santa Cruz occurred in large unbroken groups; one school being an estimated 4 miles long and } mile wide. Many of the schools were in the surf. Ancho- vy schools were also spotted in Drakes Bay, the San Francisco area, Cayucos-Morro Bay, and the Avila-Pismo Beach areas. More fish were seen on this flight than on any other flight the past 15 years. seo otk ose ook Airplane Spotting Flight 64-13-Pelagic Fish (September 1-3, 1964): The area fain Point Arena, Mendocino County, to the United States-Mexican Border was surveyed by the aircraft Cessna ''182'' N9042T. Weather con- ditions on this flight were ideal for aerial scouting, Air visibility extended up to 50 miles at times and water clarities were gen- erally good, Red tide and other phytoplankton blooms were found in mostareas scouted but only in small, local concentrations. On September 1, the area from Jalama Park to the United States-Mexican Border was scouted, Between Laguna Beach and the Mexican Border, 72 schools of large Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) and 1 schoolofCali- . 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 fornia barracuda (Sphyraena argentea) were and 10 miles offshore,. Many anchovy and a counted. Northern anchovies (Engraulis mor mor- | few sardine schools were again seen in the dax) were quite abundant from Dana Point Bahia proper. Air and water visibility was south where 46 schools were tallied, excellent that day. On the following day, the area from Point The area from Laguna Scammon to Punta Arena to Point Sur was scouted. An exten- Banda was scouted on the last day of the sur- sive school group of anchovies (98 schools) vey. Water visibility ranged from good to was sighted near the surf between Bolinas Bay | poor, Air visibility was reduced by low bro- and San Francisco; the schools were small ken clouds over part of Bahia de Sebastian and indistinct. The water was a light green- Vizcaino. Scouting north of Punta Banda was ish-brown and turbid. Another anchovy school | terminated due to a complete cloud cover. group (29 schools) was found along the beach- | Red water was encountered at Punta Canoas, es just south of San Francisco. Cabo San Quintin, Cabo Colnett and Punta Banda. On the last day of the survey, the area from Santa Cruz Point to Point Vicente was Anchovy schools were seen in Bahia de! scouted. In Monterey Bay, 18 breezingschools| Sebastian Vizcaino, near Punta Canoas, Punta of unidentified fish were counted, all under Baja and Cabo San Quintin. Five sardine predation by birds. Very possibly the schools | schools were sighted, 3 near Punta Santo were ''pinhead" anchovies. During August Domingo and 2 southwest of Punta Canoas. there were many large schools of anchovies Most schools of both species were againseen in that area. Red tide was extensive in the near the surf line, northern part of the bay. This flight was by far the most productive, Other school groups of anchovies were in numbers of schools seen, of the three found in the Cayucos (23 schools), Avila (11 Beachcraft N5614D flights flown this year. schools), and Port Hueneme (25 schools) a 5 : Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p. 24; areas. Red tide also was encountered inthose Gast iia, i, same areas. Hk OK ok Se OK phe NS ERS GS BRS HATCHERY FISH LOSSES Airplane Spotting ht 64-14-Pelagic ATTRIBUTED TO FOOD PROBLEM: Fish (September Der ise 7 964): The area from Something in a fish food formula apparent- Punta Banda to Cabo San Lucas, Baja Cali- ly caused the excessive fish losses experi- fornia, Mexico, was surveyed by the Beech- enced at California State hatcheries during craft N5614D, This was the third of four ex- |the summer of 1964, From mid-July through perimental quarterly flights scheduled for late September 1964, approximately 2,128,000 1964 along the Baja California coastline. small fish died in California State fish-rearing installations. That was about 9 percent ofthe On September 15, the area from Laguna 23 million fish in the hatcheries when the Scammon to Punta del Marquis was scouted. |problem arose. Air and water visibility was very good throughout the area scouted, Large school As soon as the excessive death rate was groups of northern anchovies (Engraulis mor- |noted, scientists began searching for the cause. dax) were observed from Bahia de San Cristo- | The possibility of a disease outbreak was bal south to Bahia de la Magdalena, the ma- ruled out first. Then other avenues were in- jority swimming near the surf line. The vestigated. When a change to different kinds schools were rather small, compact clusters. |of fish food began to bring the situation under Fish schools also abounded in Bahia de la control, fish culturists were led to believe Magdalena proper. Most were anchovies, that the original food might have been respon- but 12 Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) sible. schools were noted, | Rainbow trout were hit hardest, with 1.7 On September 16, the area from Cabo San |million small fish lost from the 18.2 million Lucas to Bahia de la Magdalena was scouted, |rainbows on hand when the problem started, A large school group of sardines (56 individ- |About 100,000 trout of other species also were ual schools) were breezing south of the Bahia !lost. Although the loss was much heavier than December 1964 is normal for hatchery operations, the Cali- fornia Department of Fish and Game said it would still be able to meet 1965 trout require- ments. Additional trout eggs can be taken, hatched, and reared to replace the lost fish. King salmon, silver salmon, and steelhead trout were less severely affected, Among that group, losses because of the food problem were as follows: of 696,000 king salmon on hand, 130,000 were lost; of 1,880,000 silver salmon on hand, 13,000 were lost; and of 2,198,000 steelhead on hand, 185,000 were lost. The king salmon involved were fish being raised to yearling size in an experimental program. Plants of king salmon fingerlings (totaling about 11.8 million fish) made before the food problem arose accounted for the bulk of king salmon production in California State hatcheries in1964. Steelhead trout and silver salmon are usually planted as yearlings, al- KACIFIC OCR AN (YAP OITRIET) Oo reaur ee FARAULEP ATOLL 1 We ¥ FAY ATOLL gkrtior ly 4® Ck AAR AD) A mari \ ’ ATL 1 AUN BP MATAR y HATO ATO . sacradi avout! sPaenr ato UOF ATOLL bere ANput taal atau” eon oda WATaWan ATOLL COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 though 1,512,000 steelhead were also planted as small fingerlings earlier this year. California hatchery officials stated that although the problem seems to be under con- trol, some further losses are anticipated due to the after effects of the food problem, par- ticularly among king salmon, (California De- partment of Fish and Game, October 3, 1964.) Caroline Islands COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PROJECT AT PALAU BEING DEVELOPED: major breakthrough in commercial fish- eries development in the Caroline Islands Group of the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific occurred in 1963, At that time, an agreement was signed between a California tuna-packing firm and the Trust Territory TRUST TERRITORY of the PACIFIC ISLANDS NORTHERN MARIANA, CAROLINE, AND MARSHALL ISLANDS © OWTHEY semen teaton 1 veousneo (MARSHALL 15 DISTRICT) ' atu BIKAR ATORL Se UTE ATOR. A nism avon, TAKA ATONE t o Omg LAF ATON OMGEMIE ATOLL = | | | | A EHreETOR ATOLL oO . LAL ATOLL 5 UIELANG ATOLL (POMAPE DISTRICT) ws . O Wat ATOLL ALE ATOLL p eat 4 worm avon, ON somo | ou WOT ATOLL 1 “aiel' CR Mnravor than © MORI ei PrGATIN! © sna rrr ' (TRUK ONSTRICT) 32 Government for the establishment of a com- mercial fishery enterprise at Palau. The contract called for the development of exten- Sive fishing operations in Palau, as well as establishing a commercial tuna-freezing plant and for the training of Micronesians ashore and at sea. Shore installations and other fa- cilities were to be built by the United States firm with the cooperation of the Trust Terri- tory Administation, In its 16th Annual Report to the United Na- tions, the Trust Territory Administration said the opening of Palau to commercial fish- ing marks the first major step toward large- scale development of the most important nat- ural resource of the Territory, and is expect- ed in time to lead to similar enterprises in other districts. The administration reported that the Pilot Fisheries Project at Palau was in operation and that a cold-storage freezer plant had been completed. In 1964 the pro- gram to train Micronesians in live-bait tuna fishing was under way with some 25 trainees taking part in the training program on Hawai- ian tuna fishing vessels. The Administration reported that other United States tuna-packing firms also were interested in the area's commercial fishery possibilities and that representatives of those firms had made surveys in Palau, Truk, and Saipan. The Administration stated that while the quantity of frozen reef fish exported to Guam dropped somewhat during the period covered in its report, there was an appreci- able increase in shipments of frozen fish to other districts in the Territory. Frozen fish exports to Guam and other districts were ex- pected to increase materially in 1964 now that the cold-storage freezer at Palau is com- pleted. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 16; April 1964 p. 32; August 1963 p. 85. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations RESULTS OF MIDWATER TRAWLING FOR JUVENILE TUNA: M/V “Townsend Cromwell” Cruise 7 (Au- gust 10-24, 1964): One of the major problems faced by biologists engaged in studies on the life history of marine fish is the lack of data on the smaller specimens which fall under the category of juveniles. Presently, larval fish are sampled by various types of plankton nets, while data on the adults are obtained COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Fig. 1 - Recovering the Nanaimo trawl aboard a U.S. Bureau of | Commercial Fisheries research vessel in the Central Pacific. - either through existing commercial fisheries or by the use of specialized fishing gear. In neither case are juveniles caught in any quan- tity. This lack of juveniles in the plankton catches has been attributed to the combined effects of the swiming ability of the juveniles, the towing speed of the sampling devices, and | the relatively small size of the plankton nets. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Honolulu, Hawaii, is approaching that problem by considering the use of very large nets. This past August, sea trials (M/V Townsend Cromwell Cruise 7) were carried out to test the Cobb’ pelagic | midwater trawl andthe 'Nanaimo”™ Mark IV midwater trawl as possible methods of catch- ing juvenile tuna. Under optimum conditions, | the ''Cobb'' trawl has a mouth opening of 80x 80 feet, while the ''Nanaimo'! trawl measures 40x40 feet. By comparison, the plankton net in use by the Honolulu Laboratory is a ring net with a diameter of 1 meter (about 3.3 feet). In order to retain juvenile tuna less than 30 December 1964 Fig. 2 - Emptying the Nanaimo trawl. millimeters (1.2 inches) in length, the "Cobb" and "Nanaimo" trawls used in the trials were modified by adding small-mesh cod-end liners (4 inch stretch-mesh nylon to the ''Cobb”" trawl and + inch square-mesh nylon to the "Nanaimo" trawl). A preliminary analysis of the trawl catches showed that 2 juvenile skipjack tuna (Katsu- wonus pelamis) were taken in 1 of the Ii hauls made with the ''Cobb" trawl. With the "Nanaimo" trawl, which had slightly smaller mesh sizes than the "Cobb" trawl, a total of 12 hauls yielded 5 juvenile skipjack. The catches were made in 2 of the 12 hauls. The juveniles ranged in size from 15.0 to 25.0 millimeters (0.6 to 1.0 inches) in standard length. The test hauls were made in the lee of the islands of Oahu and Hawaii, where skipjack are usually plentiful during the summer months, Hauls were generally made in the morning between 0700 and 1000 hours and at night between 1900 and 2200 hours, All the juvenile skipjack were taken in the morning hauls when the trawl was towed at depths be- tween 40 and 60 fathoms. Hauls made near the surface and at depths over 70 fathoms failed to catch juvenile tunas. During that cruise a recently acquired trawl depth indicator (the Furuno Net-Sonde) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 was tried. The instrument, which is activated at a depth of 25 fathoms by a pressure switch in the transducer, was operated successfully. On several occasions, traces of what ap- peared to be sizable schools of fish were picked up by the SIMRAD depth recorder, No attempt was made to fish the schools be- cause of the time limitation. Nevertheless, several important questions arise from those traces: (1) whether the traces did indeed rep- resent schools of commercial fish, and if so, whether they were composed of bottom fish not presently being exploited commercially, (2) whether the bottom topography surround- ing the islands are suitable for trawling, and (3) whether the trawlable area is large enough and fish plentiful enough to sustain trawling on a commercial scale. Based on recent reports on trends intrawl- ing methods, it is quite feasible to use exist- ing types of gear to depths of 100-400 fathoms for commercial fishing, It is noteworthy that in the Hawaiian Islands, the 100- to 400- fathom area contains over 5,000 square miles; how much of that area is suitable for trawling is not yet known, but it could be considerable. A preliminary assessment of abundance and composition of fish available to trawling is contemplated for the future by the Bu- reau's Honolulu Biological Laboratory and the discovery of new fishery resources would be an important economic development in is- land fisheries. On this cruise the ''Cobb"' midwater trawl was tested off Waianae and also a series of trawl hauls were made with the "Cobb" and "Nanaimo'' midwater trawls in the lee of Ha- waii for biological studies. The vessel (op- erated by scientists of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii) experimented in an area off Waianae, Oahu, and Kona, Hawaii. Side trawling operations using both the "Cobb" and ''Nanaimo' midwater trawls were accomplished successfully during this cruise. The "Cobb" trawl was used successfully with- out any modification in the gear. The ''Na- naimo" trawl was modified considerably with the removal of the stabilizer fins, addition of chain along the entire length of the footrope and addition of 10 extra floats to the original 14 floats. The modified net performed better than the ''Cobb"' trawl due to smaller mesh size, 34 Out of a total of 28 hauls, 5 were made with the ''Cobb" trawl in the test area off Waianae where the 2 juvenile skipjack tuna were taken in a morning haul. Eleven hauls with the same trawl off the lee of Hawaii yielded no juvenile tuna. The catches were generally less than gallon of material. Twelve hauls with the modified Nanaimo" trawl resulted in 2 hauls catching 1 and 3 juvenile skipjack, respective- ly. The volume of catches generally exceed- ed those made with the "Cobb" trawl. All the juvenile tuna were taken in the morning hauls between the hours of 0700-0930. Both day and night surface hauls caught very few or no juvenile fish. A trial surface tow with the 2-meter plank- ton net showed that this could be an excellent sampling device. The meter attached to the ring operated satisfactorily but the loose cor- ner connections of the metal frame caused the net to collapse. This can be easily corrected by constructing a frame with rigid corners. From the results of the trawling operations, it was concluded that it is now possible to de- Sign a net that will serve the best purpose in attaining adequate catches and in reducing the manpower required for that operation. No tuna schools were sighted in the lee of Hawaii during the 13 weeks of trawling. This may possibly have had some bearing on the poor catches of juvenile tuna made with the trawls. % Oe OK OK * TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES CONTINUED: ownsend Cromwell Cruise 8 (Sep- tember 1-20, 1964): This was the seventhin a series of oceanographic cruises to deter- mine rates of change in the distribution of properties in the trade wind zone of the cen- tral North Pacific. The research vessel Townsend Cromwell of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, operated in the central North Pacific bounded by latitudes 10° N., 27° N. and longitudes 148° W., 158° W. during this cruise, which was completed September 20, 1964. A total of 43 oceanographic stations was occupied along the cruise track. At each of the stations occupied, temperatures and sam- ples for salinity analysis were obtained at 20 depths to 1,500 meters (4,921 feet). A COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Legend: e - Hydrographic station. 4 - Plankton tow. e - Bl, X -Deep cast. @'- Number of feeding bird flocks sighted. Cruise track chartof Townsend Cromwell Cruise 8 (September 1- 20, 1964), showing depth contours of the 20° C. isotherm in meters. deep cast to 5,000 meters (16,404 feet) was taken at station 31. The September surface circulation pattern did not differ markedly from the pattern seen during the month of July (Townsend Cromwell Cruise 6). During both those months, a broad region of variable flow between 15° and 23° N. latitude separated the relatively faster cur- rents moving eastward in the northern por- tion and westward in the southern portion of the study area. The westerly flow, the North Equatorial Current, appeared to have in- creased in intensity during this cruise, as suggested by the sharper gradients of the iso- therm depths. Surface temperatures in the study area ranged from 24° C. to 27° C. (75.2° F. to 80.69 F.), as before. An increase in the extent of the weak, secondary surface December 1964 thermocline was also noted throughout the re- gion covered. A total of 28 feeding bird flocks were sighted on this cruise as compared with 49 sightings during the July Townsend Cromwell cruise. Ten plastic-enclosed drift cards were released at 30-mile intervals along the entire cruise track during this cruise. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 Pe 27 Ok OK KOK EARTH'S GRAVITATION MEASURED: M/V “Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 73 (May 29-June 4, 1964): This cruise bythe research vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Labora- tory, Honolulu, Hawaii, to obtain measure- ments of the earth's gravity, was in collabo- ration with the Institute of Geophysics, Uni- versity of Hawaii. The Charles H. Gilbert made rendezvous with the University's research vessel Neptune I, and the two vessels thereafter proceeded independently. Sea conditions were unusually calm during the entire cruise, permitting some 1,000 miles of gravity observations out of about 1,170 miles total cruise. This was \65° Shows arca of operations during Cruise 74 of the Charles H, Gilbert, June 15-August 23, 1964, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 considered a successful cruise since there had been some question as to whether or not a sea gravimeter could operate on a small vessel. HS OK OK OK OK TUNA BIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 74 (June 16-August 23, 1964): Tuna biological studies and oceanographic observations were the ob- jectives of this cruise by the research vessel Charles H. Gilbert. The area in which the research vessel operated was bounded by lat- itudes 18930! N. to 23°50! N. and longitudes 154°30' W. to 166°20! W. Successful fishing areas for skipjack tuna during this cruise included the waters from Kauai to Kaula Island, Penguin Banks, the Kona coast and Hilo on the island of Hawaii, and the banks region near the island of Nihoa. A total of 1,681 skipjack blood samples was collected from 19 schools and a standard watch for bird flocks was maintained. During the cruise, a total of 72 bird flocks was sighted, 53 were associated with skipjack schools, 8 with mahi-mahi schools, and 11 were unidentified. . 36 Bathythermograph casts were taken at 3- hour intervals when practicable throughout the cruise. A water sample for salinity measurements was taken with each cast. Ad- ditional surface salinities and temperatures were taken each time a school was fished. Drift cards were released every 3 hours during the regular BT schedule, and a stand- ard weather watch was maintained. A total of 155 live skipjack, 17 yellowfin, and 4 Euthynnus yaito was obtained for the Laboratory's Behavior Program studies. Landings were made on Nihoa, Necker and various portions of French Frigate Shoals to search for drift cards but none was found. A demonstration cruise was given by the vessel during the Hawaiian International Bill- fish Tournament held at Kona, Hawaii. A total of 189 skipjack was caught and 100 blood samples were taken on that cruise. He ok oe oe ok TUNA BEHAVIOR STUDIES CONTINUED: arles H. Gilbert’ Cruise ep- tember 14-18, 1964): To collect and return live scombrids to the Kewalo Basin tanks of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, where their behavior is being studied, was the primary objective of this cruise by the Laboratory's research vessel Charles H. Gil- bert. Another objective was to return to Kewalo Basin for density determinations up to 10 specimens of each scombrid species caught (excluding skipjack) which died during fishing operations. A total of 146 scombrids was caught by trolling and pole-and-line fishing during the cruise, 66 live specimens of which were placed in the behavior facility tanks. The to- tal catch by species during this cruise was 141 skipjack tuna, 3 little tuna, 2 yellowfin, and 1 mahi-mahi. Density determination was made of one little tuna. During the cruise, red and white muscle and blood samples were obtained from 4 skip- jack for ion-metabolism studies by the Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii. lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 16; ’ June 1964 p. 14, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Columbia River SALMON RETURNS ENCOURAGING: Silver: By early October 1964, more than 51,062 silver salmon had passed through the counting ladders at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, setting a new record for the period since 1938 when salmon counting be- gan on the Columbia. Silver salmon usually run until mid-October so the final 1964 re- turns should be even greater. The previous record year was 1941 when 17,911 silvers passed Bonneville Dam. The tremendous increase in silver salmon returns is apparently due to the improved fish hatchery program in the Columbia River and its tributaries, according to officials of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Columbia River hatcheries are producing larger and more vigorous fingerling silver salmon which are reared to yearling size for their migration to the ocean. The improved quality of the silvers is in- dicated by the 1964 commercial landings, in which the average silver salmon weighed a- bout 10 pounds--2 pounds more than normal. Total silver salmon landings in 1964 by Colum- bia River commercial fishermen are expected to exceed 1 million pounds. Sport fishermen at the mouth of the Columbia also had a good year, landing many 15-pound silvers. Since most of the natural spawning grounds for silver salmonare located below Bonneville Dam, the large return of silvers to hatcheries above the dam indicates that the Federal and State hatcheries are doing an effective job. Fall Chinook: The escapement of fall chi- nook salmon through Bonneville Dam totaled 169,292 fish as of October 5, 1964. That was 30,222 more than the 1963 total of 139,070, and was the greatest number of fall chinook at Bonneville since 1959, when the count was 189,115. The 1964 fall chinook run also provided Columbia River commercial fishermenwith a good catch which is expected to exceed 3 mil- lion pounds. An extra dividend from the heavy run was the large take of fall chinook eggs at various fish hatcheries. The 14 lower Columbia River hatcheries--both State and Federal--had a much better than average year with a total of about 111 million fall chinook eggs taken. Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery located above Bonneville Dam near Underwood, Wash., December 1964 led all the hatcheries with 45 million eggs collected from the spawning run to the hatchery and 3 million from the run to the Big White Salmon River. Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission took 15 million eggs. After hatching, the fish from those eggs will be raised at the hatcheries and released into the main river or tributary streams to start their migration to the ocean, os. Chinook: Good numbers of spawning spring chinook Ssalmon--some 21 percent more than the average counted during the past 15 years--were tallied during a late survey of 5 key salmon-producing streams in east ern Oregon. The purpose of the spawning ground survey (made annually by the Oregon Fish Commission) is to determine the trend of spawning escapement to upriver tributaries of the Columbia River. During the surveys, fisheries men walk sample sections of certain streams on one occasion each year during the peak of spawning activities, counting alladult salmon encountered, both alive and dead, The total number of fish thus counted is taken as the index number for the year. That number can be compared with the numbers obtained in other years for an indication of the trend of escapement to the spawning grounds-~- whether up, down, or relatively stable, The 1964 count of 1,072 spring chinook spawners on slightly less than 40 miles of index stream is among the highest since the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 annual surveys began in 1948. (The count rep- resents only a portion of the total number of spawners present in the five streams, and is not intended to be a complete count of the fish present in them.) Index spawning areas covered in the an- nual survey include portions of the Minam, Lostine, and [mnaha Rivers and Catherine and Lookingglass Creeks. A prespawning loss of adults resulting from a flash flood on Catherine Creek during late July reduced this year's count which otherwise would have been even more favorable. The annual survey is only a sampling program. It does not cover many good east- ern Oregon spawning streams and it does not include Idaho and eastern Washington where other good Columbia watershed chi- nook spawning tributaries are located. Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY -SEPTEMBER 1964; Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, more fresh and frozen fishery pro- ducts were purchased in September 1964 than in the previous month, The increase~~40,3 Table 1 - Purchases of Principal Fresh and Frozen 54 with Products by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 wi Product 964 as raw headless, ... « Peeled and deveined : ‘ : breaded. ww eevee oe molded and breaded. . . oe Comparisons Se tember 6 970,550 1,060, 622 3, 175, 850 349,770 ALE SE NS A RP IL @StEID see sere seeeves POU Ses Ga ce ee at 8 8 ee ee Ree Fillets: Floundare,» 55.06.0008 8 00 ae PIGGOUOKG cc U's bas be 6 46 B Ocean perch Haddock me 143, 050 28, 750 1,055 . a Salmon. .ceeeeee reves Swordfish «ws secs us cece. ii /Breakdown not available, 43) 136 235, 072 oats ee AL 382, 466 2, 443, 502 1,583, 854 2791 re 488, 685 2, 389, 927 1, 666, 576 2,932, 651 205, 673 143, 107 ee 026 171,052 15, 063 1 318 1,016, 127 173,275 10, 635 1, 108,073 143, 650 24,068 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW percent in quantity and 28.2 percent in value-- was due to larger purchases of scallops, oys- ters, and finfish products. Total shrimp pur- chases were about the same in both months. Table 2 = Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 with Comparisons [_ Sept. | _‘Jan.-Sept. | Sept. | Jan. -Sept. | 1964 1964 Zia chica (STNOOO) a keceie 1,464 ]992 |10, 819] 9,942 5a (1,000 Lbs.) 2,665 |1, 853] 20,078 | 17,673 Compared with the same month in the pre- vious year, purchases in September 1964 were up 43.8 percent in quantity and 47.6 percent in value. This September there were larger purchases of shrimp, scallops, and most fish fillet items, particularly haddock fillets and portions. Total purchases in the first 9 months of 1964 were up 13.6 percent in quantity and 8.8 percent in value. In January-September 1964 there were larger purchases of shrimp and scallops, but noticeably lower purchases of cod fillets, ocean perch fillets, and halibut steaks. Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, September 1964 with Comparisons QUANTITY VALUE 5 ES) o co wee Tuna | 1,066) 647 |4,282|2,711| 452 | 290 |1,907]1, 297 Salmon 2{ 12] 681] 30| 1 | 417| ’ 20 375| 10 Canned: In the first 9 months of 1964, to- tal purchases of the 3 principal canned fish- ery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) were up 67.6 percent in quantity and 68.8 per- cent in value due mainly to larger purchases of tuna. Canned salmon purchases were also up, but there was a modest decline in canned sardine purchases in January-September 1964 due principally to the light 1964 season pack. Freeze-Dried: Fishery purchases for the Armed Forces in September 1964 included 1,960 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp (cooked) with an average value of $10.49 per pound, and 540 pounds of freeze-dried shrimp (raw) with an average value of $18.48 per pound. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because data on local purchases are not obtainable. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov. 1964 p. 28 Vol. 26, No. 12 ‘Fish Hatcheries STUDIES ON RE-USE OF HATCHERY WATER CONTINUED: Experiments with re-use of hatchery water for salmonids (involving oyster-shell filtration and bacterial recondition) conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife | have been expanded from the highly successful circular tank model to pilot-scale raceways. An aeration tower has been constructed at the Salmon-Cultural Laboratory, Longview, Wash., the filter beds and reconditioning units were made ready, and 80 pounds of fingerling chi- nook salmon were introduced into each of two raceways. The oyster shell not only filters the water but also keeps the pH up, and the nitrogen-metabolizing bacteria keep ammonia concentration down. Growth of fish in the earlier tests of re-used water was exception- ally good and mortalities exceptionally low. The prospects seemed excellent for applica- tion in areas where water supplies are low. Fisheries Laboratory BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY AT OXFORD, MD., DEDICATED BY U.S. | BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES e U. 8S. Bureau o ommercial Fisheries held dedication ceremonies on October 17, 1964, for its Biological Laboratory at Oxford, Md. It is the Bureau's first laboratory on Chesapeake Bay. Although the laboratory building has been occupied since 1960, dedication ceremonies were delayed pending the completion of other research facilities, including four quarter- acre artificial salt-water ponds where large- scale culture and growth studies will becar- ried out. Donald L. McKernan, Director of the Buz: reau of Commercial Fisheries, said the Ox-< ford Laboratory has already made valuable contributions in several scientific fields, in- cluding studies of shellfish mortality and shellfish culture. Research at the laboratory is conducted in cooperation with State author- ities in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. The Oxford Laboratory is located on a ma- jor estuary which has a salinity range from fresh to oceanic water. Chesapeake Bay is December 1964 an excellent breeding, nursery, and feeding ground for many sport and commercially im- portant fish. In the adjacent ocean and in sea- side bays are oysters, surf clams, soft and hard clams, crabs, and many fish species of recreational and commercial importance. The Oxford Laboratory also maintains a Field Station at Chincoteague Bay, Va., where studies requiring oceanic salinity are con- ducted. The largest operation at the Oxford Labor- atory is the shellfish mortality program. In recent years massive oyster mortalities due to disease have virtually wiped out the oyster industry in Delaware Bay, and seriously dam- aged the industry in Virginia. The cause of the mortalities is as yet unknown, although there is some epidemiological evidence that indicates an organism called MSX (multi- nucleate sphere unknown) may be the infective agent responsible. The laboratory staff numbers 24 (12 pro- fessional scientists and an equal number of Supporting aides and technicians), with ad- ditional scientists scheduled to join the re- search group. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries oper- ates 20 biological research laboratories lo- cated on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, and in Hawaii and Alaska. Each has specific missions concentrating on important com- mercial species in its area. Fishery Research FEDERAL AID FISHERY RESEARCH AND SPECIAL STUDIES: Many new Federal Aid fishery research pro- jects were approved bythe U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife this past June. Virginia and Georgia will participate in a cooperative fish disease and parasite study. Oregon will study Kokanee salmon and coastal cutthroat trout ecology. Wyoming will determine the role of three tributary streams in the natural perpetuation of cutthroat trout in the Snake River. Tennessee will evaluate the effect of Cor- dell Hull Dam construction on the 7-mile-long fishery in the tail waters of the Dale Hollow Dam. Kentucky Reservoir fishing survey will COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 be a combined study conducted by the Ten- nessee Valley Authority and the Kentucky and Tennessee conservation departments. Colorado will make preimpoundment investi- gations of the Curecanti Unit, Upper Colorado River Storage Project. Louisiana plans an ecological survey of factors affecting fish production in a natural lake and ina river. California will investi- gate the effects of artificial destratification in a reservoir and measure physical and chemical changes in the water. California also will conduct environmental and behavioral studies on coastal sport fishes living in the rocky subtidal area. Montana will undertake fisheries surveys by helicopter on 10 mountain lakes in the Bitter-root River Drainage that are inacces- sible by road. New general statewide fisher- ies surveys were started in Oklahoma, Mon- tana, Kansas, North Carolina, and Colorado. Also, contracts for special studies have been signed with universities where coopera- tive fishery units are located: University of Maine--striped bass spawning in Maine coast- al streams; Cornell University--methods for marking young fish; University of Massachu- setts--life history of rock bass, Quabbin Res - ervoir; Pennsylvania State University--ecol- ogy of the white sucker; and North Carolina State University--variation in growth rate in bluegills. The results of those studies will be applicable to State and Federal fishery programs. Fishing Limits THIRD INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA CONFERENCE RECOMMENDED BY AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION GROUP: A resolution concerning the width of the territorial sea and fishing limits was adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association at its annual meeting in New York City, August 12, 1964. The resolu- tion said that the territorial sea and fishery controls should be considered as unrelated and separate problems. The resolution rec- ommended that the American Bar Association strongly urge that the United States Govern- ment: : 1, Publicly proclaim its willingness to join with other states in reaching separate agreements for: . 40 (a) Substantial uniformity of breadth of the territorial sea for the purpose of ensuring free and unhampered navigation in, on, and over the maximum expanse of the high seas, and (b) fishery controls for sound utilization and conservation of the living resources of the sea, including agreement upon reasonable zones for exclusive fishery rights in coastal states. 2. Take the leadinurging the United Nations to convene a Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference at which, for the first time, the consideration of freedom of navigation, and fishery controls, as unrelated and separate problems would, hopefully, enable states to agree upon solutions to each of these problems. 3. Immediately constitute an expert study group, with polit- ical, military, industrial, scientific, and legal representation, to recommend specific solutions to each of the aforesaid prob- lems which will both serve the individual interests of the Unit- ed States and gain acceptance in the family of nations. SS Pa) x Fur Seals PRICES FOR ALASKA SKINS AT FALL 1964 AUCTION: The fall auction in 1964 (October 8-9) of United States Government-owned fur seal skins yielded $2.36 million. The total value was Slightly more than that received for the spring 1964 auction, but more skins were sold and the average price per skin was consider- ably lower than during the spring auction. The average price per skin received for male fur seal skins (dyed Black, Kitovi, and Matara) was $85.56 and for female skins (dyed Black, Kitovi, and Matara) $64.34. At the spring 1964 auction, the average price paid for male skins was $105.45 and for female skins $71.16. Lakoda (female sheared) seal skins brought an average price of $59.65 at the fall 1964 auc- tion, or a much higher price than the average of $48.82 at the spring 1964 auction and $40.63 at the fall 1963 auction. This increase is due to the intoduction of a dyed Lakoda product. Average prices received for processed male fur seal skins by color or type at the fall 1964 auction were: Black, $91.58, Kitovi, $67.41, Matara, $83.81. Average prices for both male and female dyed skins combined at the fall 1964 auction were (average for spring 1964 auction in parentheses): Black, $84.51 ($92.47); Kitovi, $62.49 ($81.66); Matara, $75.89 ($91.58). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 15; De- cember 1963 p. 25. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 \Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations land Gear Development SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE, CHUB, AND YELLOW PERCH IN LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED: M/V Kaho ruise ugust-September 1964): To extend knowledge of the seasonal distribution and abundance of alewife and chub, in Lake Michigan and their availability to bottom trawls was the primary purpose of this 21-day cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing and gear research vessel Kaho. Special ef- forts were also made during the cruise to locate and determine the availability of yel- low perch to bottom trawls in southern Lake Michigan. Other objectives of the cruise were to: (1) collect length-frequency data on chub, alewife, and yellow perch; (2) collect samples of various species of fish for labor- atory analysis relating to special studies; and (3) obtain half a ton of chubs for animal nutri- tion studies at Cornell University. Cruise 21 of the Kaho was divided into several trips dur- ing August and September, partly for the bene- fitof observers, and was completed September 29,1964. The cruise marked the virtual completion of the southern Lake Michigan part of the project to study alewife and bloater chub dur- ing all phases of the year, in respect to abun- dance and availability. Those explorations, which required about 25 years to complete, have (1) verified the existence of a substan- tial alewife and chub resource which is only partially used and (2) established the fact that otter-trawl nets are practical for catch- ing those species almost continuously through- out the year for animal food and fish meal manufacturers. Future operations in the southern part of Lake Michigan will be con- cerned with evaluating shallow-water fish stocks and with further development of more economical methods to catch such abundant species as alewife and bloater chubs. Explorations in Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan during the cruise provided information useful for fishermen catching alewife for reduction intofishmeal. Several very good catches of alewife were made in central Green Bay and in Lake Michigan off the Sturgeon Bay ship canal. The initial year- round study of those areas is only about half completed and will be continued during cruises later this year and throughout 1965. December 1964 GREEN Bay 3 zs KEWAUNEE 4 S 2 MANITOWOC Ay ///\ || > 160 So. Africa Republic 860 191 411 Other countries 1,660 Total imports ...... 350 3,682 Available fish solubles supply 1/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids. 3/Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. National Fisheries Center and Aquarium NEW PLANS APPROVED: Plans under which the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium is to be built in East Potomac Park, Washington, D, C., were completed and approved by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall this past fall, and architects were proceeding with work on designs and specifications. The new plans gave consideration to the redesigning and shortening of a nearby golf course in East Potomac Park which is used by golfers practically year-round. The new arrangement provides a total of 22 acres for the Fisheries Center and Aquarium, with construction slated to start early in 1966, and completion tentatively set for early 1968. The Center is expected to be the finest of its type in the world and will constitute a center for scientific research, as well as a show- place for aquatic life of all kinds. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 AL Bai CENTER eS. YAR! Shows site of National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, Washington, D. C., construction of which will be completed in early 1968. Legislationby Congress in 1962 authorized $10 million for construction of the facility but with the proviso that it be self-supporting, and requiring the repayment of construction and operational costs. This will be done by charging a visitor's admission fee to all ex- cept supervised youth groups. Visitors to the Fisheries Center and Aquarium are ex- pected to number more than 3 million annu- ally. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 21; May 1964 p. 26; April 1964 p,. 22, North Atlantic FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES OFF COAST, OCTOBER 1964: In order to observe foreign fishing activi- ties in the North Atlantic, the staff of the Fisheries Resource Management Office, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gloucester, Mass., has been conducting weekly reconnais - sance flights cooperatively with the U.S. Coast Guard. During October 1964, a total of 47 Soviet fishing vessels was observed on Georges Bank in the North Atlantic. They were iden- tified by type vessel as: 35 factory stern trawlers (BMRT, RRT, RMT); 9 fish trans- ports; 3 fuel and water tankers. One Polish B-15 factory stern trawler was seen several times fishing with the Soviet fleet. Soviet 50 medium class sidetrawlers (SRT, SRT-R) left Georges Bank early inOctober. Their early departure may have been due to bad weather, as wellas alackoffish. A year earlier inOcto- ber, 26 Soviet mediumtrawlers were stillfish- ing on Georges Bank. A typical stern trawler that fishes on Georges Bank, Entire cod- end with a catch of herring starts up the stern ramp. A steady decline in herring catches by the Soviet trawlers was very noticeable during October. As the month progressed, it was ob- served that fewer trawlers had deckloads of herring, nor were the fish meal plants aboard the factoryships in constant operation. By the end of October, the Soviet fishing fleet was spread out over Georges Bank, with groups of 3 or 4 vessels to as many as 25 to 30 fishing together. Withfew exceptions, all of the Soviet vessels observed during October were from the Port of Murmansk on Barents Sea. (Gloucester, Mass., November 9, 1964.) ob North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development EXPERIMENTS ON OF F-BOTTOM TRAWLING AS AGAINST CONVENTIONAL TRAWLING: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 64-8 (September 17-22, 1964): To effect the adjustments re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 quired for satisfactory performance and the experimental fishing of (1) a number 41 ma- nila ottor-trawl, and (2) a nylon midwater trawl in an "off-the-bottom" manner was the purpose of this cruise, mostly in Ipswich Bay, by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. Both nets were rigged to fish with the footrope be- tween 1 and 3 fathoms above the bottom when ‘towed behind regular bottom-type trawl doors. ‘After being rigged to satisfactorily fish in that imanner, the nets weretobe set on concentra- tions of ocean perch(redfish) or other ground- fish (such as cod and haddock) when they were found to occur a few fathoms off the bottom. Fish traces were observedon a white-line echo-sounder and scope. Bymeans ofahead- rope-mounted transducer anda conductor ca- ble to the ship (third wire), the distance the headrope was above the bottom and also the net opening were either recorded on an echo- Sounder paper or were measured on the fish- scope tube. The first three days of the cruise were spent in Ipswich Bay experimenting with vari- ous numbers of floats, weights, andlengths of ground cables needed to float the net at the desired height above the bottom. The number 41 net was originally fitted with three 15-foot sections of rollers, 8-inch aluminum floats, (35 of them), 5-fathom legs, and 10-fathom ground cables. By lengthening the ground ca- bles to 20 fathoms and adding 14 floats to the wings and bosom, the net fished about one fathom off the bottom and kept the same ver- tical distance between headrope and footrope (9 feet). Later, the rigging of the net was modified by removing the roller sections and replacing them with a chain footrope. A 3- fathom dropper line of one-half inch chain was hung from each lower wing end and the number of floats was increased to 71 (in- cluding 3 along each gore in the belly sec- tion). The trawl thenfished 15 fathoms above the bottom. With that eee the net fished at a fairly constant height; as the net tended to lift or settle additional or decreased weight (or downpull) was exerted by the drop- per chain as the length of chain supported by the bottom changed. A "Herman Engel" nylon midwater trawl was fished with the 4 x 8-foot bottom doors using 20-fathom ground cables and 35-fathom legs. The addition ofa 15 fathom third leg, ex- tending from the gore at theiwing end of the net to a shackle on the bottom leg and 15 fathoms December 1964 from the net, allowed the vertical opening of the net to increase from 18 to 36 feet. With 8-inch floats (76 of them) on the headrope, this net fished with the footrope 1 to 2 fath- oms above the bottom and reached a headrope height of 7 fathoms. Because of the threat of hurricane Gladys, the full objectives of the cruise were notful- filled. No concentrations of food fish were seen on the echo-sounder andno Significant catches of either ocean perch (redfish) or groundfish were made. But the mid./ater trawl caught about 7,000 pounds of dogfish in Ipswich Bay during the preliminary trials. The tracing of that school (on the sounder) was from near the bottom to 4 fathoms above the bottom and was extremely dense. Gear rigged ina similar manner may prove to be effective in harvesting schools of fish which are above the reach of trawls rigged to fish on the bottom in the conven- tional manner, The changeover can be done quite rapidly and with little expense. Interim use of this method as an alternate to conven- tional trawling would be compatible with nor- mal fishing routine. Further experiments are to be carried out on subsequent cruises. North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations SEA SCALLOP POPULATION SURVEY ON GEORGES BANK CONTINUED: M/V batross IV ruise 64-12 (Octo- ber 7-15, 1964): To collect data on the dis- tribution and abundance of sea scallops at the major scallop grounds on Georges Bank and to obtain sediment samples from the ocean floor were the objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Albatross Iv. During the cruise a total of 152 tows was made at 144 stations using a 10-foot standard scallop dredge with a 2-inch ring bag. Some 26 bottom samples were collected at 8 desig- nated stations and 6 tows at 4 stations were made with the beam trawl, 2 of which were made with a camera mounted on the beam trawl frame. About 150 live red hake taken on the cruise were returned to the Bureau's Woods Hole COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 Biological Laboratory for studies on their sensory apparatus and 50 live sea scallops were brought back to the laboratory for spawn- ing studies. Sex ratios of scallops were taken at 17 stations during the cruise. Hydographic information was collected from 170 bathythermograph casts made at each station at hourly intervals while under way. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 34; August 1963 p, 41. North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development ALBACORE TUNA ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION SURVEY: M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 66 (July 13- 31, 1964): To obtain information on the abun- dance and distribution of albacore tuna (Thun- nus alalunga) and other pelagic fish species was the principal objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. VANCOUVER 127\'y, i CwasHiINGToN Shows trackline during Cruise 66 of the exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb, July 13-31, 1964. 52 The area of operations during the three- week cruise was off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts extending from about 20 miles off the coast to 250 miles offshore (longitude 130° 00! W.) between latitude 47° 50! N. and 41° 07' N. Basic oceanographic data were collected along the trackline by staff members from the Bureau's Biological Laboratory, San Diego, Calif. The trackline covered a distance of about 1,300 miles. The cruise was interrupted by several un- scheduled port calls, a stop at Coos Bay for repairs to the vessel's steering system, and also curtailed sea operations for several days because of bad weather. A total of 16 stations were occupied for the collection of oceanographic data which included salinity, oxygen, and chlorophy! de- terminations. Between stations, 32 bathy- thermograph (BT) casts and surface water temperature readings were taken. A contin- uous watch was maintained during daylight hours for schools of tuna, other pelagic fish, bird flocks, mammals, and other aquatic life. Trolling, using 7 lines towed at a speed of about 7 knots, was generally conducted during daylight hours. A red-and-white feathered jig was the most common lure used. Those were supplemented on occasionby green-and-white or yellow -and-white feathered jigs or by light or dark colored bone-type jigs. Strikes and catches of albacore tuna were distributed about equally betweenthe 7 lines. Most of the tuna were caught onthe southernmost exten- sion of the trackline. A total of 74 albacore tuna was caught, of which 24 viable fish were tagged and released. Blood samples were immediately taken from the other tuna, and the carcasses frozen for future biologicalstudies. Lengths of the alba- core varied from 55 to 79 centimeters (21.7 to 31.1 inches) with about 66 percent ranging between 61 to 65 centimeters (24.0 to 25.6 inches). Samples ranged from 7.5 to 22.5 pounds with 70 percent between 10.5 and 13 pounds. Night-light stations were fished using both monofilament nylon gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 1" to 13'' and of lengths 3 to 7 fathoms long, and small-mesh dip nets. No concentrations or schools of fish were ob- served at those stations. Best catches for each effort varied from 2 or 3 individuals for lanternfish (Myctophidae), sablefish (Anop- lopoma fimbria), anchovy (Engraulis mordax), COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 and stickleback (Gasterosteidae), and up to 20 to 25 for saury (Cololabis saira), and squid (Loligo opalescens). The John N. Cobb was scheduled to leave Seattle, October 19 for five weeks of explora- tory midwater trawling in Puget Sound and along the Washington coast. That work was to be carried out in cooperation with the Wash- ington State Department of Fisheries. Objectives of the cruise were to: (1) in- vestigate the distribution and abundance of hake, (2) evaluate the incidental catches of other pelagic fishes taken with the midwater trawl, and (3) cooperate in evaluating the fish- ing effectiveness of a midwater net by two- boat trawling. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 32. 2 ok 2 ok Ok HAKE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE EXPLORED: M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 67 (August 10- October 9, 1964): To explore the depth (bathy- metric) and geographic distribution of the hake resources off the Washington and Oregon coasts was the primary objective of this 8- week cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. Secondary objectives were to attempt to assess the amount of the hake resources and to collect pertinent data on the environ- mental factors influencing distribution and abundance patterns. Sounding transects were run in an onshore- offshore direction at oblique angles to the coast at depths from 20 to 130 fathoms. When hake concentrations were located, the availa- bility was measured with the 400-mesh east- ern otter trawl or the ''Cobb'' pelagic (mid- water) trawl. Length-frequency and sex-ratio data were collected from most of the successful drags and a cursory examination was made for stom- ach contents. Surface-to-bottom and fishing gear depth-water temperatures were taken during the cruise. Large concentrations of hake were found from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Wash., tothe Umpqua River, Ore. The largest catch, which was made with the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl off Mukkaw Bay, Wash., in 53 to 55 fathoms, yielded 60,000 pounds of hake per one-half hour’ fished or an hourly rate of 120,000 pounds. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 VANCOUVER *- PACIFIC OCEAN” Legend: = 1 one ‘ x - pee eS “oe X,900) @ - “Cobb” pelagic- % : trawl drag. : = (22,000)® * (3,700) Figure 1 1 . ; 25 * fms. 1 | \ 1 \ ) X(3,2 00) Begs Legend: ; @119,000) x = eairay E u " "Cobb" : (13,400) @ - _ pelagic- trawl drag. @ (17,800) trawl drag. B PACIFIC OCEAN - / : ral @27300) ) (14600) (20,000) ey \ @(6,000) Legend: Cobb" pelagic- 2 trawl drag. Figure 4 John N. Cobb Cruise 67 (August 10-October 9, 1964); hourly catch rates and locations of otter-trawland "Cobb" pelagic-trawl drags which yielded: Fig. 1 -over 1,000 and5, 000 pounds perhour fished, respectively; and figs. 2, 3and 4 over5, 000 pounds per hour fished. 54 Ten of the remaining 21 pelagic drags ac- counted for hake catches at rates from 6,000 to 28,000 pounds per hour fished, while 9 of the 14 otter-trawl drags yielded hake at rates from 1,200 to 10,700 pounds per hour fished. Hake samples taken on this cruise were delivered to two reduction plants for reduc- tion tests. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 30; June 1964 p. 21. KKK OK MULTIPURPOSE PELAGIC TRAWL TESTED: M/V "St. Michael” Cruise 3 (August 17- September 11, 1964): To evaluate and modify, as necessary for greatest efficiency, a newly designed multipurpose pelagic trawl (having long wings in a configuration Similar toa lampara seine) was the primary objective of this 4-week cruise by the exploratory fish- ing vessel St. Michael, chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Initially, the trawl had a total headrope length of 99 fathoms and was held open by 92 aluminum trawl floats measuring 8 inches each. Designed depth of the wings was 30 feet. The footrope consisted of 40 fathoms 3-inch galvanized chain hung to the bottom of each wing from the tip aft, where it was joined to a z-inch braided nylon center sec- tion rope. The body of the net is similar to the after portion of the ''Cobb"' pelagic trawl. Both aluminum hydrofoil doors and conven- tional bottom doors were tested with the net. Scuba divers evaluated the net design by means of underwater observations and measurements. Net spread at wing tips was determined to be about 84 feet as a pelagic trawl with hydrofoil doors. Use of bottom doors in contact with the sea bed extended the opening to 108 feet. The necessary modifications to the multi- purpose trawl used included: (1) replacing all footrope chain with manila-wrapped 3- inch cable; (2) braided nylon headrope was changed to manila-wrapped 2-inch cable; (3) installation of 10-fathom dandylines between the doors and wing tips; and (4) web in the wings was rehung to 30 percent hang-in. Divers made observations on various fish species which entered into the influence of the net. Evidence of fish swimming out of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 the net was noted. On four separate occasions individual fish including dogfish (Squalus acan- thias), black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria), and silver salmon (Oncorhynchus ‘kisutch) were observed in the codend but had escaped be- fore the net was retrieved. After the modifications were completed, the net had a 16-foot maximum vertical wing opening and throat opening of 18 feet. When bottom doors are used the footrope at the wing tips remains about 6 feet off bottom and 15 feet off bottom at the net throat, permitting the net to be used over rough bottom for near- bottom fish species. Although further studies of this net will be necessary, sufficient geometric configuration was attained to warrant fishing trials. The chartered commercial fishing vessel St. Michael left Seattle September 21, 1964, on its next cruise for four weeks, to test the effectiveness of a newly-designed trawl on concentrations of hake and Pacific ocean perch in offshore waters of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The trawl was to be fished near bottom, using aluminum hydrofoil doors or conventional bottom doors. Com- parative hauls will be made with a ''Cobb" pelagic trawl with aluminum hydrofoil doors. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p, 47. EE PEN DPA Oceanography GIANT "ECHO-SOUNDER" MAPS SEABED AND ITS UNDERLYING STRUCTURE IN CARIBBEAN SEA: A study of the seabed and its underlying rock structure was made during a 5,500-mile, 43-day Caribbean cruise (completed in early October 1964) by the research vessel Pills - bury of the Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami. A powerful new oceanographic tool resem- bling a giant echo-sounder was tested for the first time during the cruise. Weighing 6 tons and measuring 8 by 8 by 12 feet, the new de- vice is called a seismic profiler. Its func- tion is not only to produce a highly accurate topographical picture of the seabed, but also to reveal the layers of rock far below and what they are made of. December 1964 The seismic profiler was used while the Pillsbury was under way at about 3 knots. Electrodes set about 2 feet apart were towed behind the vessel, and a powerful electrical current (20,000 volts) was discharged every 4 seconds into the water between the elec- trodes. That produced a series of loud re- ports which were reflected from the seabed. (When operated at night, the arc of electri- cal energy between the two electrodes made a flash which lit up an area of ocean a mile in diameter.) Since sound waves travel through different substances at different speeds, a great deal was learned about the geological structure of the ocean basin from the various echoes recorded by sensitive microphones aboard the vessel. The seismic profiler was used extensively during the cruise, sometimes for as long as 30 continuous hours. It was reported to have performed perfectly. Studies of the seabed and of the rock struc- tures below it are part of a long-range inves - tigation by the Institute of Marine Science of the ocean basin, its sediments, and its geolo- gical structure. Along with the seismic reflection studies, bottom samples of the rocks and sediments were obtained by grabs and by dredging and coring. Deep plankton tows were made, and specimens of living foraminifera (planktonic one-celled animals whose skeletons form much of the deep-sea bottom sediments) were taken from depths greater than 2 miles below the surface. Thousands of photographs, in both color and black-and-white, were made of the seabed with special cameras lowered on cables. * KK KK RESEARCH VESSEL "YAQUINA" COMMISSIONED BY OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY: The newly converted oceanographic re- search vessel Yaquina began operations off the Oregon coast after being commissioned September 28, 1964, by Oregon State Uni- versity. The 180-foot Yaquina has replaced the much smaller 80-foot Acona (which has been assigned to the University of Alaska) of the Department of Oceanography. The larger vessel will permit more student participation in oceanographic research; it will allow bio- logists to use larger nets, trawls, and dredg- es to greater depths; and it will expand COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Oregon State University programs in physi- cal, chemical, geological, and geophysical oceanography. The Yaquina was built in New Orleans, in 1944, as the FS-210, asistership to the Trident and the Agassiz (U.S. Army Air Corps over- haul and maintenance vessel). At the end of World War II it was used as a reserve officer training vessel at the University of Washington for several years. It was assigned to Oregon State University by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the U.S. Army Transportation Corps. A grant of $770,000 was received from the Oceanography Program of the National Science Foundationto convert the vesselinto amodern oceanographic research vessel. The conver- sion was done in a shipyardin Portland, Oreg. Funds to operate the vessel are being furnished by the National Science Foundation andthe Geo- physics Branch of the Office of Naval Research. Statistics on the Yaguina are: length--180 feet; tonnage--gross 800, displacement 666; speed--11 knots; and range--6,500 miles, 35 days. Six scientific laboratories are located on the main deck of the vessel, and one hold has been reserved for future expansion of sci- entific laboratory space. Accommodations are provided on board for a complement of 40 which will include scientists and a 15- or 20-man operating crew. Ah. R Sehii ** ee eit “ OREGOM "STATE UNIVERSITY Research vessel Yaquina outfitted for oceanographic investigations. All winches on the vessel are electric. The hydrographic winch holds 30,000 feet of je ~inch wire rope; the dredging and coring winch holds 30,000 feet of 3-inch wire; and the trawling winch holds 20,000 feet of inch wire. The Yaquina is equipped witharetract- able bow thruster powered by a 200-horse- power Diesel engine. Navy-licensed stabili- zing tanks have been installed in the number 56 two hold. Deck equipment includes a crane on the stern, a hydraulic A-frame mounted across the stern, and ahydraulic tripod boom on the main deck. The electronic equip- ment carried includes 2 loran sets, 2 marine radios, 2 radar sets, a depth finder, and other navigating aids. The vessel carries four 20-man inflatable life rafts and a workboat. Although the 22- foot gasoline-powered workboat is designed to operate in rough water, it will make up to 30 miles per hour under good conditions. It is launched with high-speed hydraulic-powered davits. < Oregon SILVER SALMON TRANSPLANTS MAY HELP REBUILD SANDY RIVER RUNS: Over 1,600 adult silver salmon have been transplanted in the Sandy River. Surplus hatchery salmon from the lower part of the Sandy River were transferred to upstream tributaries which contain only remnants of their once great salmon runs. The possi- bility of rebuilding those runs has been en- hanced by improved fish passage conditions over Marmot Dam. It is hoped that the intro- duction of adult silver salmon of Sandy River stock will help restore the potential of the Upper Sandy River without the cost of arti- ficial rearing. The transplanted silver salm- on were obtained from surplus stocks held by the Oregon Fish Commission's Sandy Riv- er Hatchery which is located on the lower part of the river near Sandy, Oreg. The ad- vantage of using silver salmon native to the Sandy River for the transplant is that nature has probably already provided the adaptations necessary for the water and temperature conditions in the system. The silver salmon transplant is another step in the Oregon Fish Commission's pro- gram to enhance potential fish production by building fish ladders over barriers, clearing log jams, and transplanting fish from areas of surplus to areas of underproduction. Salm- on will, with very little variation, return to their home stream to spawn, generally avoid- ing nearby tributaries even though they may offer excellent spawning conditions. The pattern of a salmon run can be altered by transplanting adult spawners. The resulting COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 young are reared in anew environment and in- herit the inclination to return to their own rearing water even though it is foreign to their parents. Therefore, salmon transplants seem to offer an inexpensive way to increase salm- on production, provided natural conditions are favorable. (Oregon Fish Commission, Sep- tember 29, 1964.) Pesticides RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIELD SURVEILLANCE ON EFFECTS ON FISH AND WILDLIFE: ~ Responsibility for field surveillance of pesticide operations to observe possible ef- fects on fish and wildlife has been assigned to the Division of Fishery Management Serv- ices, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Department of the Interior. The program got under way in September 1964, following the delegation of such responsibility to that Bureau by the Secretary of the Interior. An office established by the Bureau at Fort Collins, Colo., to cover its southwest region is headed by a former official of the U.S. Public Health Service whose broad experience in this field of work will enable him to prepare statements of procedure and to assist in training other field employees in pesticide operations. One of the first field projects in the south- west region was the spraying of lands and waters of the Yuma Proving Ground by the U.S. Air Force to control mosquitoes. The chemical or pesticide used at that time was reported as having no apparent effect onfish and wildlife. The Bureau's Branch of Fishery Manage- ment Services also appointed a ''surveillance manager'' to cover its Pacific region (Alaska, Hawaii, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada). Observations will be made and data collected at all major pesticide projects that may have an effect on the fish and wildlife resources in those states. In its southeast region, the Bureau will participate with the U.S. Corps of Army En- gineers in its program for control of aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and alligator weed. December 1964 Radiation Preservation FISHERY PRODUCTS IRRADIATOR AT GLOUCESTER (MASS.) DEDICATED: The Marine Products Development Irradi- ator dedicated on September 28, 1964, at Gloucester, Mass., is a part of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) program for ra- diation-pasteurization of food. The facility containing the irradiator is located next to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Emerson Avenue, Gloucester, Mass. The fishery products irradiator is to be operated by the U.S, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, under an agreement with the AEC, to investigate the pasteurization of fishery products. Fig. 1 = Outside view of Marine Products Development Irradiator at Gloucester, Mass, The Marine Products Development Irradi- ator is a semiproduction facility with the capability of processing about 1,000 pounds of marine products at a typical pasteurization dose of 500,000 rads. (A rad is a standard unit of measurement of absorbed radiation and may be interpreted, for popular purposes, as "radiation absorbed dose."') The cobalt-60 source employed within the shielded facility is of approximately 250,000 curies. (A curie is a standard unit of meas- urement used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in a given amount of radio- active material. One curie equals the radio- activity associated with one gram of radium.) The Marine Products Development Irradi- ator building is a rectangular one-story build- ing. It is divided into a general area and an irradiation cell. The general area of 2,500 square feet in- cludes the lobby, office, laboratory space for COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 health physics and dosimetry, cold-storage room, filleting area, and conveyor loading area. The irradiation cell has a gross area of 1,250 square feet. It has concrete walls more than 5 feet thick and a 4-foot-thick ceiling which has a removable plug for lowering the 7-ton lead shipping casks containing the radio- cobalt into the storage well. Operations with- in the irradiation cell are controlled and viewed remotely with the aid of television and electrical controls. Loading Dock S0'-4" Fig. 2 = Floor plan of Marine Products Development Irradiator, Source operation: The radiation source is raised by an elevator and is placed ina horizontal position inside an aluminum shroud between the tracks of the conveyor. It is cooled by a stream of air flowing through the shroud. The source plaque is approxi- mately 1 foot by 4 feet and is made up of 6 subunits. When not in use, the source is stored in 15 feet of water ina stainless steel well within the irradiation chamber. Safe operation: There are a number of safety interlocks in the irradiation cell to prevent accidental exposure of personnel to radiation from the cobalt-60 source. A num- ber of strategically placed openings in the walls and roof can be used to introduce long- handled tools in the event of elevator malfunc- tion. As another safety feature, the irradia- tion cell is kept at a lower pressure than the rest of the building. Air is drawn from the building into the cell and then is exhausted through a filter stack. The pasteurization process Processing: can be introduced with little disturbance to commercial fish distribution procedures. 58 After the fish have been filleted and packed, the packages are sent through the irradiation cell. Fillets of finned fish are handled in rectangular tins holding 30 pounds of product. Shellfish, such as clams, will be packed in commercial No. 10 cans. In the normal operation of the Marine Pro- duction Development Irradiator, the seafood packages will be brought into the building and placed on movable racks in the cold- storage room. The room has a capacity for 1.5 day's supply of incoming irradiated sea- food and end product, based on a one-shift operation. As an alternate procedure, the filleting can be done inside the building (see general area). A high-speed mechanical conveyor car- ries the product into the irradiation cell through a transfer tunnel. Inside the cell, the packages are transferred to a slow- moving conveyor which carries them past the radiation source. Each package makes a round trip under and over the cobalt-60 gamma ray source. It then comes out of the cell, is shifted by the operator to the other side, then goes back into the cell for a second trip. Total processing time is about one hour. The product normally receives 250,000 rads ata production rate of 2,000 pounds per hour. The dose can be reduced to 150,000 rads or _less if desired, by increasing the production speed or by removing one or more of the 6 subsections into which the source is divided. The AEC radiation-pasteurization pro- gram, of which the Marine Products Develop- ment Irradiator operation is a part, aims to develop the technology for demonstrating the practical feasibility of using relatively low doses of radiation to extend the shelf-life of selected perishable foods. Present emphasis is on fish and fruit products. In general, those will still require refrigeration, but the shipping and storage life of fish may be ex- tended severalfold, while a significant reduc- tion in fruit losses during transportation and marketing can be achieved. Extension of this technology to final commercial applica - tions would be carried out by private industry. Wholesomeness and public health safety: Studies are being carried out to determine the wholesomeness, nutritional adequacy, and safety of low-dose irradiated foods which are of interest to the AEC program. The ultimate objective is to evaluate any possible public health questions which might arise COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 from prolonging refrigerated storage life by application of low doses of radiation. See Se AON yo Cee, Fig. 3 = When the cobalt-60 source is not in use, it is lowered in= to a 16=foot stainless steel well containing a pool of water 15 feet deep. The elevator controlling the radioactive source Operates not unlike an overhead garage door. The radioecobalt plaque is in a horizontal position between the upper and lower tracks of the seafood conveyor. The findings of these studies will-be coor- dinated with results obtained in the Army Material Command's program on radiation- sterilization of food. These data are to be submitted in the form of petition requests to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval of low-dose irradiated foods for unlimited human consumption. Petitions for clearance of several types of lean fish--had- dock, halibut, flounder, sole, cod, oceanperch, and pollock--are also to be submitted to FDA within 3 or 4 months. FDA clearance of irradiated products re- presents only the removal of legal restrictions. Consumer acceptance and the development of radiation facilities are two key factors which require, andare receiving, increased attention. Food irradiation will begin to achieve some sig- nificant commercialapplication inthe next few years, judging by current estimates. (United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washing- ton, D.C., September 28, 1964.) lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 35; September 1964 p. 33. =—_S> =P pap => December 1964 Salmon COOPERATIVE UNITED STATES- CANADIAN TAGGING PROGRAM: A salmon tagging program launched by the Washington State Department of Fisheries is expected to yield information of value to Can- ada's Department of Fisheries. The program involves coho, chinook, and chum salmon in the vicinity of West Beach, Whidbey Island, and throughout the San Juan Islands area. Large numbers of the ''Petersen" tags used in this program are expected to be re- covered in Canadian waters by Canadian fish- ermen. The Washington State Department of Fisheries has requested the help and cooper- ation of Canadian fishermen who might find the tags. The project has the support of the Department of Fisheries of Canada. The recovered tags may be returned to Fishery Officers on the lower mainland at Vancouver Island points, or direct tothe head- quarters of the Canadian Department of Fish- eries at 1155 Robson Street, Vancouver, B.C. Tags collected will be turned over to the Wash- ington State Department of Fisheries. Persons returning a tag will receive a reward of 50 cents plus an additional 50 cents if informa- tion as to the time and place of the catch, the species, and other pertinent data are provided. Sharks SOUND WAVES OF LOW FREQUENCY MAY GUIDE SHARKS TO FOOD: A new study indicates that sharks can use underwater sound waves to "home'’ in ona suspected food source--possibly including human beings--with remarkable speed and accuracy. That follows an earlier discovery that a struggling fish or a threshing swimmer may generate a ''dinner bell'’ sound wave for cruising sharks. Those findings resulted from a continuing study of hearing and re- lated senses in fish being conducted bya scien- tist at the Institute of Marine Science, Uni- versity of Miami. The study, which is supported by the Na- tional Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research, could serve as a basis for understanding the amazing ability of fish to orient themselves in an environment that, to most humans, seems without landmarks. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 The sharks tested could detect and locate the source of low-frequency sound waves when cruising over 200 yards from the sound source--far beyond visual range and with no blood in the water for sharks to smell. Discussing sharks, the scientist in charge of the study said, "like any predatory animal, he preys most upon victims he finds easiest to catch. The easiest of these, other than a dead animal, is a cripple struggling or dying in the water. Our early experiments showed that (1) struggling fish create underwater sound waves of low frequency and these waves are transmitted in bursts as the fish strug- gles; (2) the frequency of these sound waves is easily within the hearing range of sharks; and (3) sharks rapidly appear near the source of such pulsed low-frequency sound waves, but do not appear when a low-frequency contin- uous wave or a high-frequency pulsed wave is transmitted." During the experiments, sharks up to 14 feet long of all the commonly known kinds were repeatedly attracted by broadcasting underwater taped signals of pulsed low-fre- quency sounds. Predators such as barracuda, jacks, and grouper also appeared regularly. As a result of his experiments, the Univer- Sity of Miami scientist believes sharks use the lower part of their hearing range, from about 7 to 100 cycles per second (c.p.s.), for hunting food. It was sound in that frequency range that was broadcast to sharks in experi- ments in the summer of 1964. It is believed that sharks can hear up to about 400 c.p.s. (The range of human hearing is between about 50 c.p.s. and 20,000 c.p.s.) "At the outset we were not sure, however, whether sharks could swim directly to the source of the sound or whether they con- ducted some sort of random or organized hunting pattern that eventually brought them to the right place. The speed with which they appeared seemed to rule both methods out. But it was still a possibility. "Also, sound transmitted underwater pro- duces near the source an area of sound tur- bulence often called the 'near field effect.' Physicists have generally believed that fish could only localize a sound if they were Swimming inside the turbulent sound area," the director of the shark study said. Using a light plane to find and track sharks, and a surface vessel to transmit the "dinner call" sound wave, University of Miami inves- 60 tigators found that sharks were very efficient at locating the source of the sound, even when beyond the near-field effect. The sharks swam rapidlyand directly tothe sound source, usually staying fairly deep. When they arrived at the vessel, they stopped suddenly, 1 or 2 boat lengths away, and then swam off. About 20 shark-tracking missions were flown during the study in the summer of 1964. How sharks can pinpoint the location of a sound source is still not certain. In humans, part of the ability to locate particular sounds is due to the fact that the ears are set far apart. They are external and have external openings. One ear hears a sound slightly be- fore the other one, the mind performs asub- conscious problem in triangulation, other in- formation is considered, and the answer is presented. That process may not work in the case of sharks. The ears of a shark are set inside its cranium and are very close together. That fact, coupled with the high speed of sound waves traveling through water (1 mile per second or 5 times faster than sound in air), suggests that sharks receive all sounds in their ears almost simultaneously. A loca- tion solution through triangulation is unlikely. According to the University of Miami sci- entist, it seems more probable that sharks are locating the source of a soundthrough a group of sensitive cells along their sides. That group of cells, called the "lateral line," has been a controversial subject among fish experts for a number of years. It is possible that their function, never certain, is connect- ed with sound reception and orientation. Laboratory experiments testing that theory are planned. (University of Miami, September 16, 1964.) Shrimp SEABED DRIFTERS RELEASED IN PINK SHRIMP MIGRATION STUDY OFF FLORIDA: Florida fishermen may be finding bright yellow seabed drifters in their pink shrimp COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 catch. The return of those seabed drifters with details on the time and place of capture | may help explain one of the mysteries of the sea--how baby pink shrimp move from off- shore spawning grounds to inshore nursery waters. Millions of pink shrimp spawn each year near the famous Dry Tortugas shrimp grounds off Florida. The baby pink shrimp presumably find their way by some myster- ious means to a vast nursery ground in the Florida Everglades. But how the tiny shrimp reach the nursery, traveling against winds and currents, is a baffling problem. The planktonic shrimp larvae are capable of only limited independent movement, so they are at the mercy of tides and currents. Do unknown bottom currents exist that sweep the shrimp larvae into the Everglades nurs- ery? In an attempt to answer that question, the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, in cooperation with the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries released 240 seabed drifters during the first week of October 1964 in Florida Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico, north of the Tortugas grounds. The seabed drifters, which are yellow um- brella-shaped objects standing about 15 in- inches high, bounce along the bottom after being released, following deep-running cur- rents. It is expected that many of the drifters will be caught in the nets of shrimp trawlers, while others may be snagged and pulled in by fishermen, or washed ashore. Investigators need accurate information on the location of the area in which each drifter is found, together with the date of its capture. Such information will aid ma- terially in determining the role of currents in the migrations of pink shrimp larvae. A reward of 50 cents will be paid for each seabed drifter label returned. The re- ward will be paid by a U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries agent at any port of land- ing. Labels may also be mailed to the Insti- tute of Marine Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla. 33149; or to the Galveston Bio- logical Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Tex. Fishermen mailing such labels are urged to include details on the time and place of capture. OK OK OK Ok December 1964 UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, OCTOBER 1964: Item and Period 1964] 1963 | 1962 | 1961 | 1960 | December November January-August 68,721| 75,444| 56,781| 52,474| 78,961 January-December| - [138,254/105,839] 91,395|141,035| December November October September December 31 November 30 October 31 September 30 August 31 July 31 June 30 Imports 3/: December November October September t Augus 82,330| 81,487] 72,065] 63,803| 58,684 January-December = 151,530]141,103 /126, 268 |113,418 December November 52.3 84.5 73.5 October Sg,0 90.0 68.7 September 57.9 90.9 70.1 August 59.0 83.6 66.1 July i 63.5 82.1 55.8 June 77.0 84,4 53.7 May 80.9 83.7 52.8 Wholesale price, froz. brown (5-lb. pkg.), Chicago, [Ll.: December = 75-82 |101-107; 91-92 November 71-78 | 105-110] 89-92 October 67-75 | 108-115) 83-90 September 73-77 |113-118]| 87-90 75-81 |110-112| 76-91 80-85 | 77-97 - 70-75 80-85 | 95-102|102-104| 67-72 72-83 {100-103} 96-103] 67-69 79-83 78-84 30.3. 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc, 3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau! of the Census. aRanoe aaipeices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, ex., only. Note: October 1964 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information pub-| lished daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convertshrimp to heads- on weight multiply by 1.68. Tennessee ROUGH FISH REMOVAL PROGRAM, APRIL-JUNE 1964: The removal by Tennessee commercial fishermen of 211,264 pounds of rough fish, including 54,584 pounds of carp, from eight COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Tennessee reservoirs and the Cumberland Riv- er in April-June 1964, was reported by the Tennessee Game and Fish Commission. The largest rough fish harvest during that period was at Kentucky Lake where 177,740 pounds of fish were taken, including 54,584 pounds of carp. Other reservoirs were Watts Bar, Fort Loudoun, Douglas, Cherokee, Chickamauga, Hales Bar, and Old Hickory. A take of 9,663 pounds of fish in the Cumberland River was recorded for the month of June only. The rough fish removal program in most states is designed as a sport fish manage- ment tool for the benefit of the sport fisher- ies. Theoretically, substantial removal of rough fish should benefit sport fish produc- tion in a number of specific ways generally reflective of decreased competition for food supplies. Tuna AGE-GROWTH STUDIES OF BLUEFIN TUNA LANDED IN CALIFORNIA: ~— M/V “West Point™ Tuna-Tagging Cruise (August 11-28, 1964): This cruise was the ~ third ofa series of annual tuna-tagging cruises to provide information on the age, growth, movements, and vital statistics of the Pacific bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus). The chartered research vessel West Point was used for this purpose by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego, Calif., in cooperation with the California De- partment of Fish and Game. Fish tagged dur- ing this cruise were distributed from Ranger Bank near Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico, to the offshore waters of California. Specific and more detailed objectives of the cruise included the tagging and release of bluefin tuna, collection of serological ma- terials for subpopulation analysis, length- frequency samples of the individual catches, scale samples, stomach samples, collection of bathythermograph (BT) data relating catch success to thermocline depth and magnitude, and collateral oceanographic and meteorological observations. A total of 782 bluefin tuna were tagged and released during the cruise. Blood samples taken from individual bluefin tuna totaled 298 and were shipped to the Bureau's Tuna Sub- 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | __ ‘Time of Tagging( of Tagging (PDST) ik a Position No. of Fish Date Latitude Released August 13 30°30! N, 116°45' W. 96 August 14 30°25' N. 116°45' W. 137 August 17 30°09! N. 116°28' W. 17 August 20 32°41' N, 117°55' W. August 24 28°34' N. 115°42' W. August 274/ 32025! N. 118°12' W. Total... 6 Bluefin Tuna Tag Release Data, M/V West Point Cruise August 11-28, 1964. Vol. 26, No. 12 1/Recovered one tag released August 13, 1964. population Study group at Honolulu, Hawaii, for serological analyses. Scale samples were obtained from 248 fish. “ey, 120° LEGEND: S° @ BLUEFIN TAG RELEASE LOCATIONS. 2 120° 115° Cruise trackof West Point (August 11-28, 1964) shows blue- fin tuna tag release locations. Supplementary data obtained on the cruise included 15 BT casts at or near the time the purse seine was fished, length-frequency data from all catches, and daily synoptic ma- rine meteorological observations at 0000 and 1800 GMT. Other species taken by the purse seine were: blue shark (Prionace glau- ca), dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), and sun- fish (Mola mola). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1964 p. 31. BLUEFIN TUNA TAGGED OFF MEXICO RECAPTURED NEAR JAPAN: A bluefin tuna tagged and released 70 miles northeast of Guadalupe Island, Baja California, was caught 22 months later in the Sea of Japan. The tag and complete recovery information was sent to the California De- partment of Fishand Game by the Japanese Government. The fish was tagged and released by a joint research team of the California Depart- ment of Fish and Game and U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on August 15, 1962, and was recaptured June 18, 1964, ina trap operated by Japanese fishermen near the coastal town of Fukaura, Honshu. In the meantime, the bluefin traveled 4,820 miles and grew from 23 pounds to 53 pounds. It was tagged as a one-year old fish and was recovered at the age of three years. This fish was the first return from Japan of a group of 960 bluefin tuna tagged by State and Federal scientists in 1962 near the coast of southern California and Baja California. Some 168 tags from that group had been turned in by California fishermen. The first proof that bluefin tuna migrate between California and the Japanese coast came on April 23, 1963, when a tuna tagged off California by the Inter-American Tropi- cal Tuna Commission five years previously was caught by a Japanese long line fisher- man. It weighed 35 pounds when tagged and weighed in at 242 pounds (gutted and gilled) when recaptured. (Qutdoor California, Sep- tember 1964.) Another bluefin tuna, also tagged by biolo- gists of the California Department of Fish and Game, was caught on August 17, 1964, by a Japanese fisherman in waters about 300 miles north of Tokyo. The fish had been | tagged and released in Mexican offshore wa- December 1964 ters near Guadalupe Island on August 15, 1962, and then weighed about 22 pounds. When it was recovered two years later it weighed 67 pounds and had traveled nearly 10,000 miles. It was the third United States-tagged bluefin tuna caught near Japan. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 53. U. S. Coast Guard NEW SEARCH AND RESCUE VESSEL "VIGILANT": The Vigilant, a new Search and rescue ves - sel of the U.S. Coast Guard arrived at its home port of New Bedford, Mass., on October 12, 1964, following a cruise from Houston, Tex., where it was built and commissioned. The Vigilant's mission will be search and rescue off New England. Much of the time, when not on an actual assistance case, the vessel will be assigned to the Provincetown (Mass.) patrol--a search and rescue standby patrol maintained primarily for the safety of United States fishing vessels on George's Bank and for other offshore vessels in that area. The Vigilant's first search and rescue case began October 5, 1964, only one day after the cutter departed Houston for New Bedford. The Little Creek, a 42-foot fishing vessel with 2 men onboard, was foundering in 15-foot seas in the Gulf of Mexico. The Vigilant changed course, raced to the scene, took the distressed vessel in tow, and carried it into Tampa, Fla., on Oc- tober 6. The Vigilant, newest search and rescue cutter of the U.S. Coast Guard. The 210-foot vessel has a deck suitable for carrying amphibious helicopters, although none will be carried on rou- tine assignments. The Vigilant is 210 feet long. It is capable of sustained speed of 18 knots and has. a cruising radius of 5,000 miles at 15 knots. It can tow ships of up to 10,000 gross tons. In- novations on the vessel include a helicopter deck and rapid-release boat davits which can put surfboats in the water in 93 seconds. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 surfboats are consturcted of plastic and are gas-turbine powered. The Vigilant is the third 210-foot medium- endurance cutter to be built in the U.S. Coast Guard's fleet modernization program. The program has scheduled 38 modern search and rescue cutters to be built during the next 10 years. Included in the program will be 350-foot high-endurance cutters, which will be the longest cutters ever built by the Coast Guard. They willbe capable of 29 knots and will be highly maneuverable. United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 1964: Total Landings: The U. S. catch of fish and shellfish in 1964 (mostly for the first 9 months and in some instances var- ious periods through October 23) was down about 9 percent as compared with the same period in 1963, Landings were about 301 million pounds less than in 1963--due chiefly to reduced landings of menhaden, Maine herring, Atlantic ocean perch, jack and Pacific mackerel, and shrimp. Landings of industrial fish were down 193 million pounds and food fish down 108 mil- lion pounds, Menhaden: Landings of menhaden to September 30, 1964, totaled 1,3 billion pounds--202 million pounds less than during the same period in 1963. The decline occurred principally in the Middle Atlantic States (down 207 million pounds) and the Gulf States (down 25 million pounds), Salmon: On the basis of the reported pack of canned salm- on, it is estimated that the 1964 catch in Alaska was approxi- mately 312 million pounds--an increase of 89 million pounds or 40 percent compared with 1963. Tuna: Landings in California to October 17, 1964, were 236 million pcunds--down slightly from the 238 million pounds taken during the same period in 1963. The combined catch of albacore, bluefin, and skipjack tuna declined about 19 million pounds, while landings of yellowfin increased by nearly the Same amount, Ocean perch: During the first 9 months of 1964, landings in Massachusetts totaled 26 million pounds (down about 11 million pounds from the previous year); while Maine landings Modern California tuna purse seiner, the Nautilus. This vessel, a converted Navy mine layer, is 189 feet long. 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain Species for Periods Shown, 1964 and 1963 Vol. 26, No. 12 mackerel totaled 18 million--a decline of about 9 and 4 mil- lion pounds, respectively, compared with the same period of 1963. The catch of Maine herring during the first 8 months of 1964 totaled 36 million pounds--a sharp decline "CHILMARK SWORD" DELIVERED: In mid-September 1964, the 83-foot steel vessel Chilmark Sword was delivered to her Massachusetts owners by a Rhode Island shipyard. The $150,000 vessel is said to be the first vessel specifically designed for the swordfish long-line fishery. It carries 20 miles of nylon-polypropylene long line. Ac- cessories for the long line include fifty 10- foot poles with radar reflectors, and several At the start of fishing operations, the long line is slowly fed out the rear of the Chilmark Sword. At50-foot intervals the line iscrossed with 10-foot secondary lines to which hooks are attached. The hooks are usually baited The long line is left out for several hours. It is then located with special radar equip- ment if necessary, and hauled mechanically. The hauling mechanism pulls aboard the ves- sel the long line, coiling the rope neatly in Each swordfish taken on the long line is gutted at the edge of the vessel and stored immediately in a plywood-fiberglass hold Total ; : Species Period] 1/1964 1963 1963 Maine herring: 5 0. dio ao (1,000 Lbs.)...... from the 108 million pounds in 1963. Cod: ‘ Maine 8 mos Mass. 2/ B08 a (7 a4 Totalcod ......... 33,435 OTe ia [93,495 U. S. Fishing Vessels Maine 8 mos 800 1,005 1,216 Mass. g) 68,300 69,315 91,876 NEW SWORDFISH VESSEL Total flounder ......- |___ 69,100 70,320 93,092 Haddock: Maine 8 mos, 2,000 1,642 2,878 Mass. 2/ Oe Ge 93,400 88,481} 106,075 Total haddock ...... 95,400 90,123] 108,953 Halibut: 3 Alaska — 9 mos 16,500 21,778 22,372 Wash, & Oreg. (ey %2 8,600 11,050 11,871 Motalehalsibutemeneneeemeneds 32,828 34,243 Herring, Maine 8 mos Industrial fish (Me. & Mass.) 4/_|__9 mos. hundred rubber buoys. Mackerel: Jack 5/ 9 mos. 67,054 98,078 Pacific 5/ Sivckd 18,300 22,722 36,974 Menhaden ..... 9 mos. | 1,316,100]1,517,674/1,815,801 Qcean perch: Maine 8 mos, 38,500 46,353 63,905 Mass, ey Ov 25,900 37,231 44,387 Total ocean perch.... 64,400 83,584! 108,292 with mackerel chunks or squid. Pollock: Maine 8 mos. 900 1,934 2,489 Mass. 2/ Oiou 6,400 6,450 10,727 ines bebe 7,300 8,384 13,216 Year 311,800] 223,063] 223,063 to Oct. 23 10,500 6,673 7,128 Scallops, sea, New ane ke Aa Arey Bedford (meats) 9 mos. 10,3 : Shrimp (heads-on), some 200 galvanized tubs. So, Atl. & Gulf 9 mos. | 133,800) 148,648) 218,645 285,285 15,889 15,942 53,782 64,571 1/Preliminary. 2/Landed weight. 3/Dressed weight. 4/Excludes menhaden. 5/Cannery receipts. 6/Includes landings for species not listed. and mollusks reported in meats only. ote: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell, for the first 8 months of 1964 were 38 million pounds--a de- crease of 8 million pounds. Shrimp: Landings in the South Atlantic and Gulf States de- clined to 134 million pounds through September 1964 as com- pared with 149 million pounds during the same 1963 period. Mackerel: Landings of jack mackerel through September 1964 amounted to 58 million pounds, while landings of Pacific with a capacity of 50 tons. Before delivery the vessel was taken ona 12- day trial voyage during which 80 swordfishay- eraging more than 200 pounds each were caught. The Chilmark Sword is powered by a 450- horsepower engine. Itis equipped with an auto- matic pilot, andalso has controls which allow the skipper to run the vessel from either side of the bridge while hauling in the long line. The owners of the Chilmark Sword have a Similar vessel, the Chilmark Voyager, under construction. (Boston Globe, September 22, 1964.) ws 3K 3k 3k ok December 1964 DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED: August 1964: During August 1964, a total of 41 vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing craft, as compared with 62 in August 1963. There were 30 documents cancelled for fishing vessels in August 1964, as compared with 23 in August 1963. Table 1 - U. S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, August 1964 with Comparisons Issued first documents 2/: New England = - Middle Atlantic 1 Chesapeake 2 South Atlantic 5 Gulf 22 3 Pacific 11 Great Lakes - Hawaii - - 2h Rico tal | est 62 Removed from documenta- tion 3/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Gulf Pacific Great Lakes Hawaii Table 2 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Length and Area, August 1964 2/ Middle | Chesa-] South [Gulf]Pacific | Tota Atlantic} peake|Atlantic (Number) . VENEER NONE E PR WR WEE RR ERP RPE RE WWE NWWEE Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE VIEW 65 Table 3 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Tonnage and Area, August 1964 2/ Gross Middle | Chesa-~| South | Gulf | Pacific|Total| Tonnage Atlantic} peake | Atlantic .(Number). NPN DMWMH WO Note: For explanation of footnote, see table 4. Table 4 - U.S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued by Vessel Horsepower and Area, August 1964 2/ Horse- Middle |Chesa 4 South |Gulf| Pacific |Total power Atlantic} peake |Atlantic! . (Number). WENRPARP NIP EN ENN PEED both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. 2/There were no redocumented vessels in August 1964 previously removed from the records, Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 33 in 1964; 2 in 1963; 1 in 1962; and 5 prior to 1946. urce Monty Su: toms, U.S. Ireasury Department. U. S. Foreign Trade AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in June 1964 were more than double those in the previous month. The increase was due mainly to heavier imports of shrimp from Venezuela and the arrival of volume shipments of live northern lobsters from Canada. 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW U. S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-June 1964 with Comparative Data 1964 1964 Product and June Jan.-June Origin 2/ Qty. 3//Value 4/| Qty. 3/]Value 4/]Qty. 3/ 1,000} US$ | 1,000 US$ 1,000 Lbs. | 1,000 | Lbs. 1,000 Fish: Mexico 77.6 11.3 228.5 53.2] 148.7 45.9 British Honduras = = 1.8 0.4 33.9) 8.6 Honduras - - - = 16.5 4.3 Japan - = - = 2.0 8.2 United Kingdom = - 1.9 3.6 1.4 3.6 Iran - = 2 = 1.2 7.4 France = = 4.3 7.8 0.7 0.6 Rumania 0.9 9.0 0.9 9.0 = = Venezuela = = 4.6 1.7 = = Ireland 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 Denmark 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 = = Canada 1.6 0.5 14.8 4.8 - = Spain 1.4 1.3 3.2 2.7 - 2 Other countries a = = 3.2 2.1) = = Total fish...... 82.1 23.2 264.4 87.1 205.2 78.9 Shrimp; | Guatemala - - - - 137.7 72.1 El Salvador - - 159.1 96.8 198.1} 135.9 Honduras - - = = 22.7 11.9 Nicaragua 24.7 13.6 71.9 41.2] 308.7) 101.6 Costa Rica 24.6 17.4 188.3] 108.1 310.7) 150.3 Panama 99.0 60.6 512.1 309.4] 882.7) 474.2 Venezuela 435.4 | 217.1 |2,162.1] 984.1 | 2,511.2) 1,234.9 Ecuador - - > - 111.6 39.4 France - - - = 2.6 0.9 British Guiana = = 10.5 5.2 = = Mexico = - - 5.0 1.8 Other countries 0.7 1.0 0.9 = = Total shrimp ...| 584.4] 309.7 |3,104.9] 1,545.9 0 Shellfish other than shrimp: Mexico = = 9.0 4.8 73.0 42.6 British Honduras - - 82.8 50.4] 108.9) 78.5 El Salvador - - - - 5.0 3.6 Honduras - - 12.9 9.4 1.9 1.0 Nicaragua 2 = 50.5 40.0 81.0) 54.4 Costa Rica = = 9.3 9.5) 73.8 60.1 Jamaica = = 43.6 36.2 51.0 40.1 Netherlands Antilles 5 > = = 32.8) 20.9 Colombia - - - - 7.7 21.3 Ecuador - - - = 2.2) 1.8 Tunisia = = > = 0.8) 0.9 British Guiana = 2 14.5 Bea lh ed 0.3 Canada 206.6 | 112.1 207.8 113.0} 196.6) 101.2 Venezuela - - - - 13.7 6.0 Dominican Republic 0.4 0.4 7.8 1.5 13.5) 11.7 Bahamas = - 10.6 6.8 = = Haiti 0.5 0.5 5.6 3.1 = = Other countries 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 3.5 3.3 — Total shellfish (excl. shrimp) 207.6} 113.1 454.9) 278.5 Grand total ..... [eva 446.0 |3,824.2| 1,911.5} 5,363.3} 2,749.6 T/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be Uanerse imports and are in- cluded. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade be- tween United States possessions are not included. 2/When the country of origin is not Known, the country of shipment is shown. 3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture con- tent. 4/F.o.b. point of shipment. Does not include U. S. import duties, air freight or insurance. te: These data are included in the overall import figures for total imports, i.e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published. Sonrce: United States Airborne General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, June 1964, U. S. Bureau of el Total airborne shrimp imports in June 1964 consisted of 559,041 pounds of fresh and frozen raw headless and 25,376 pounds of unclassified shrimp. About 93 percent of the air- borne shrimp arrivals in June 1964 entered through the Cus- toms District of Florida. The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orleans (La.), Galveston (Tex.), Los Angeles (Calif.), and New York (N. Y.). Fish fillets from Mexico accounted for the bulk of the air- borne finfish imports in June 1964. The June imports, how- ever, included 900 pounds of caviar from Rumania valued at almost $9,000, which entered through the Customs District of San Francisco (Calif.). Vol. 26, No. 12 Total airborne fishery imports in January-June 1964 were down 28.7 percent in quantity and 30.5 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963. The decline was due to smaller shipments of shrimp and spiny lobsters from Central and South American countries. The data as issued do not show the state of all products-- fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products. * KOK K * PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, AUGUST 1964: United States imports of processed edible fishery products in August 1964 were up 8.1 percent in quantity and 8.4 percent in value from those in the previous month, due mainly to larger imports of cod fillets, groundfish blocks (increase mainly from Iceland and Greenland), and canned sardines not in oil (increase mainly from the South Africa Republic). The increase was partly offset by smaller imports of haddock fil~ lets, ocean perch fillets, and flounder fillets. Compared with the same month in 1963, imports in Au- gust 1964 were up 2.4 percent in quantity and 4.7 percent in value, This August there were larger imports of canned alba- core tuna in brine, canned sardines not in oil, canned lobster, halibut fillets, and yellow pike fillets. But imports were down for groundfish fillets (decline mainly from Canada), swordfish fillets, canned crabmeat, and canned oysters. In January-August 1964, imports were up 3.6 percent in value from those in January-August 1963, but the quantity of the imports was almost the same for both periods. During January-August 1964, there was a sizable increase in imports of groundfish fillets and blocks (increase mainly from Canada and Iceland), flounder fillets, yellow pike fillets, and sea cat- fish fillets. But there was a considerable decline in imports of canned tuna, canned crab meat, and swordfish fillets. U.S. Imports and Exports of Processed Edible Fishery Products, August 1964 with Comparisons an. Aug. 1964 | 1963] 1964] 1963/1964 [1963/1964 [1963 | . e (Millions of Lbs.).. . . (Millions of $) . . Fish & Shellfish: a | Importsi/. . .|52.0] 50. 8/344.0/342.9) 15.5]14.8/103.2|99.6 1.6] 28.1} 20.0] 2.9] 0.9} 13.3} 8,5 |i /includes only those fishery products classified by the U.S. Bu- reau of Census as "Manufactured foodstuffs." Included are canned, smoked, and salted fishery products. The only fresh and frozen fishery products included are those involving substantial processing, i. e., fish blocks and slabs, fish fillets, and crab meat. Does not include fresh and frozen shrimp, lobsters, scallops, oysters, and whole fish (or fish processed only by removal of heads, viscera, or fins, but not otherwise processed). 2/Excludes fresh and frozen. Exports of processed edible fish and shellfish from the United States in August 1964 were up 60.7 percent in quantity and 107.1 percent in value from those in the previous month. Heavy August shipments of canned salmon--totaling 2.3 mil- lion pounds and going mainly to the United Kingdom--ac- counted for most of the increase, Compared with the same month of the previous year, the exports in August 1964 were up 181.3 percent in quantity and 111.1 percent in value. Again, the increase was due mainly to larger shipments of canned salmon, Exports were also up for canned squid (principally to Greece and the Philippines) and canned shrimp (principally to Canada and the United King- dom). Butexports were down for canned mackerel and canned Sardines. December 1964 Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 8 months of 1964 were up 40.5 percent in quantity and 56.5 percent in value from those in the same period of 1963, In January- August 1964 there were much larger shipments of canned mackerel, canned salmon, and canned sardines in oil, Ex- ports of canned shrimp were also higher, but exports of canned sardines not in oil and canned squid were down, tes: rior to tober 1963, the data shown were included in news articles on "U, S, Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products." Before October 1963, data showing "U. S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products" summarized both manufactured and crude products, At present, a monthly summary of U. S, imports of crude or nonprocessed fishery products is not available; therefore, only imports of manu- factured or processed edible fishery products are reported above. The above im- port data are, therefore, not comparable to previous reports of "U, S. Imports of Edible Fishery Products." The export data shown are comparable to previous data in "U. S. Exports of Edible Fishery Products," The export data in this series of articles have al~ ways been limited to manufactured or processed products. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov, 1964 p, 63. AE EXCESSIVE FISHING DAMAGES CHINOOK SALMON RUN IN YAKIMA RIVER: most all of the chinook salmon run to the Yakima River in the fall of 1964 was taken in the nets of Indian fishermen, according to the Director of the Washington State Depart- ment of Fisheries. From a run of over 3,000 fish, less than 100 salmon survived to reach the spawning ground. If the surviving spawners reproduce at the same 3-for-1 rate that their parents did, the entire chinook salm- on run returning 4 and 5 years from now to the Yakima River from the 1964 spawning will be no more than 300 fish. Washington There is no doubt that a treaty guarantees the Indians the right to fish and regulate their fishery on their Reservation on the Yakima River. There is also no doubt that the treaty does not guarantee them a healthy run of fish for their harvest. The Yakima Indians have fishing regulations, but their management failed to protect the spawning stock in 1964. The primary purpose of salmon fishing regu- lations should be to let adequate seed stock get through to the spawning ground. The Yakima River has a good salmon po- tential in spite of diverse water use. The Washington State Department of Fisheries has spent considerable sums to rear fish and re- habilitate upstream spawning areas. Other ways to increase the spawning potential are also known, but sufficient salmon must be allowed upstream as a first important step. (Washington State Department of Fisheries, September 28, 1964.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, OCTOBER 1964: Prices were generally higher from September to October 1964 and the overall wholesale price index for edible fishery products rose 1.7 percent from the previous month, The more significant price changes in October were principally for had- dock and shrimp. At 111.6 percent of the 1957-59 average, the index this October was 4.5 percent higher than in the same month of 1963, A 3.3-percent increase from September to October in the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish was due largely to higher ex-vessel prices at Boston for large haddock, Because of light haddock landings, October prices were up 22,2 percent from the previous month and were higher than in Oc- tober 1963 by 30.3 percent, Prices at New York City for fresh and frozen halibut were somewhat higher in October (up 0.9 percent) because of the strong demand for the fresh prod- uct. As the seasonal Pacific Northwest halibut fishery came to a close, fresh halibut was in limited supply and much higher- priced than the frozen product. Compared with October 1963, halibut prices this October were 26,3 percent higher. An in- A modem fish and seafood retail counter in Kansas City, Mo. crease in prices at Chicago for Lake Superior fresh whitefish (up 12.6 percent) this October was offset by lower prices for fresh round yellow pike (dropped 13.7 percent from the previ- ous month), As compared with October 1963, the subgroup index this October was 9.7 percent higher because of the high- er halibut prices and sharply higher prices for ex-vessel large haddock, The subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish dropped 0.8 percent from September to October because of higher prices at New York City for South Atlantic fresh shrimp (up 1.3 percent). October 1964 prices for other items in the subgroup ranged from slightly to substantially lower than in September, but those lower prices were mostly can- celled out by the more significant (although relatively small) price increase for shrimp, As compared with October 1963, the subgroup index this October was 0,1 percent lower be- cause of lower prices for fresh haddock fillets (down 14.9 per- cent) and shucked standard oysters (down 6.6 percent), but shrimp prices were up 10 percent from the same month in 1963. A 4.7-percent increase from the previous month in the Oc- tober 1964 processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup index resulted largely from a fairly sharp rise in frozen shrimp prices (wholesale price up 6 cents a pound) at Chicago. Prices this October also were higher for frozen haddock fillets, while 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1964 with Comparisons Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products: ~ Drawr Dressed, oF Whole Fintish:- +--+ +--+. Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh Halibut, West. 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz, Salmon, king, Ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh Yellow pike, L, Michigan &Huron, rnd., fresh Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish): ...... Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20-1b, tins Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh Oysters, Shucked, standards Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish): Fillets; Flounder, skinless, 1-1b. pkg. Haddock, smi, skins on, 1-lb. pkg. Shrimp, ige. (26-30 count), brown, 5-1b. pkg, Canned Fishery Products: ......... Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz,), 48 cans/cs, Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 0z,), 48 cans/cs, Mackerel, jack, Calif., No.1 tall (15 oz.) 48 cans/cs, Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 3-3/4 02z.), 100 cans/cs, i/Represent average prices for one day prices are p 2/Revised by Bureau of Labor Statistics. other species of frozen fillets were slightly lower-priced or the same as in the previous month. As compared with October 1963, the subgroup index this October was higher by 7.4 per- cent. October 1964 frozen shrimp prices were 20 percent higher than in the same month a year earlier but those for all other items in the subgroup were lower than in October 1963. October 1964 wholesale prices for canned fishery products listed in the index were the same as in the previous month and the subgroup index at 103.1 percent of the 1957-59 average re- onday or Tuesday) in which CC hed as indicators of movement and not eee eucaibue level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’® should be referred to for actual prices, Indexes (1957-59=100) Avg. Prices 1/ (3) 105.4 | 106.8 “4a | 97.1] 106.9 | 86.2 i eo lsc oes |oeesiel aaged gal.) 713 | 7.25 | 120.1| 129.2 | 118.0 | 198.6 91.2 92.5 95.0 | 100. mained unchanged for the third consecutive month. The mar- ket for canned fishery products continued to be highlighted by liberal supplies of Alaska canned pink salmon. By contrast, supplies of canned Maine sardines were very low because of the disappointing new season pack which was nearly com- pleted and not expected to total more than about half the 1963 pack. Canned fish prices this October were mostly up from those in October 1963 and the index was higher by 1.4 per- cent. The only exception was canned salmon (prices 7.4 per- cent lower than in October 1963). CORRECTION In the October 1964 issue, in the article ''Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II,'' on page 6 in Table 5 under (e), the symbol following ' "Relative cost/year/fish'' should read "Zw" instead "2/w."' December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 International FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS _FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY*AUGUST 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters’ Organiza- tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Produc- tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countries during Janu- | Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-August 1963-1964 | Jul August Jan.-Aug. ! Country 1964 |1963/1964 1963[ 1964 | 1963 eat - (1,000 Metric Tons). hile 1 2/ 87.0 74.4 ngola 2/ 32.1 16.2 celand ~ 77.8 50.5 orway 129.2 50.9 Peru 1,016.4) 807.7 o. Africa (including S.-W. Africa) half of 1964. There was a seasonal decline in output in Peru which is the major producing country. But world production in both July and August 1964 was up substantially from that in the same months of 1963. World fish meal production in the first 8 months of 1964 was considerably above that in the same period of 1963. The increase was due largely to expanded production in Peru which accounted for about 51 percent of world output during January-August 1964. Higher production during January-Au- gust 1964 was also reported in Norway, South Africa, Chile, Iceland, and Angola. The increase was partly offset by lower production in Canada and the United States. World Fish Meal Production by Countries, anada 8,778] 5,335} 5,999) 3,290 36,711 46,535 Denmark 11,703) 11,497) 16,398] 11,024 69,951 69,965 IF rance 1,100} 1,100) 1,100) 1,100 8,800 8,800 erman Fed. Republic 5,621} 5,632) 7,757) 6,035 50,655: 50,616 Netherlands 1/ 600 1/ 900} 2/3,500) 3,500 Spain T/ 1,790 T/ 2,075, ~ 1/ | 14,734 Sweden ~164 224) “381 532 4,411) 3,863 nited King- Hl 7,250) 5,770) 6,065 53,038! 52,164 34,916) 28,918} 39,068) 147,690,3/156,577 1,078 1/ 1,954) 4/31,498} 16,494 6,316) 13,389] 18,176] — 86,552) 18,256) 134,558) 87,999 38,098)1,009,592! 778,845 So. Afr. (incl. S.W. Afr.) 30,419 24,480| 18,170 218,492] 196,654 [Belgium 375 375 375 3,000 3,000 hile 6,318 6,161 1,219 orocco 1/ 1/ =e o. Africa (including S.-W. Africa) F 3 = Total _|as6.6 126.2]142.4 ta not available. /Data only available for January-July. ary-August 1964 were up substantially from the same period of the previous year. During the first 8 months of 1964, Peru accounted for about 68.1 percent of total fish meal exports re- ported by FEO countries. WORLD PRODUCTION, JULY-AUGUST 1964: World fish meal production in July and August 1964 was down somewhat from the average monthly output in the first Total 229,313 li/Data not available, Data available only for Jan. -June 1964 3/Revised, 4/Data available only for Jan. -July 1964. Data available only for Jan. -May 1964. Note: Japan does not repoft fish meal production to the Interna- tional Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. 174,660|186,743 /166,337)1,965,967)1,626,387 Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table). INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE: ~ Se Annual Conference of the International Associ- ation of Fish Meal Manufacturers was held in Vienna, Austria, September 29-October 2, 1964. This private orga- nization of associations representing the fish meal industry and individual manufacturing companies was organized in 1959 and has its headquarters in London, England, 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): Some 108 delegates and observers from about 20 coun- tries, representing nearly all of the 17 member countries, together with observers from Japan and Mexico attended the Conference. Other observers were from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, and the Fish Meal Exporters Organization (FEO). Scientists were strongly represented in the delegations, all of whom were authorities on fish meal and the fishing industry, either on an international basis or in their own countries, In all, 29 scientists from most of the partic- ipating countries met in the Scientific Committee. For the first time, 70 representatives (agents, brokers, and import- ers) from private industry took part in the opening and closing sessions of the Conference, and part of the General Session. Among matters discussed at the Conference were pro- duction, sales, and consumption of fish meal in 1964 and the estimated production, sales, and consumption for 1965, It was concluded that a stable market for fish meal should continue, and that increases in production and consumption would remain in balance. The fish oil market was reviewed and was also felt to be firm. The Association will give consideration during the coming year to an economic study of market trends in con- junction with FAO. Various market research and promo- tional matters also were considered, The Association, while considering commercial matters, in no way deals with price or control of markets, but acts in an advisory Capacity. Scientific matters discussed at the Conference included many topics on the excellent nutritional value of fish meal as a high grade animal protein, with particular reference to increasing its use in more intensive feeding of reared stock, as well as pigs and poultry, its main use at present. There was a full exchange of information on the work being carried out to hasten the more widespread use of fish flour or fish protein concentrate for human consump- tion. Particular reference was made to the work being carried out by FAO in conjunction with the Peruvian fish meal industry and Government on a proposed large-scale pilot plant in Peru. Other scientific matters designed to ensure the maintenance of uniform supplies of high grade fish meal in all producing countries were also discussed at the Conference. During 1965, the Executive Council and Scientific Com- mittee of the Association will hold meetings in London in Hebauany. or March and in Reykjavik in June or July. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 45; January 1964 p. 39. FIRST NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE OF COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRIES The First North American Fisheries Con- ference will be held in Washington, D.C., April 30-May 5, 1965. Participants at the Conference will be members of the commer= cial fishing industries of Canada, Mexico, and the United States as represented by the respective fishery trade associations of the three countries--the Fisheries Council of Canada (Canada); the Camara Nacional de la Industria Pesquera (Mexico); and the Nation- al Fisheries Institute (NFI), United States. Vol. 26, No. 12 The occasion will commemorate the 20th anniversaries of the Fisheries Council of Canada and the National Fisheries Institute, and the 14th anniversary of the Camara Na- cional de la Industria Pesquera. The Confer- ence is also in lieu of the 20th annual conven- tions of the Fisheries Council and NFI, and the 14th annual convention of the Camara. This occasion will mark the first time in the history of the fishing industry of North America that the commercial fishery trade associations of the three countries have com- bined for an international meeting, represent=- ing all segments of the industry. While each organization will conduct its own business sessions and committee meet=- ings, the General Sessions will be conducted jointly for the representatives of all three na- tions. Some of the matters to be discussed at the General Sessions are the resources of the North American continent and the effects of civilization on those resources; modern har- vesting and processing; marketing; and the in- ternational approach. Papers will be given on those subjects by outstanding world author- ities in each of those fields. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION WORLD FISHERY LANDINGS, 1963: World fishery catches in 1963 of about 46 million metric tons (live-weight basis) were only about 3 percent greater than in 1962-- the smallest increase in five years, according to a preliminary estimate by the Food and Ag- riculture Organization of the United Nations. Most of the European countries reported higher fishery landings in 1963. In contrast to 1962, herring were plentiful both in the North Sea and in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, and in addition to those used for reduction purposes considerable quantities were frozen and salted in an effort to relieve the pressure on prices in the fresh fish market. Norway had another poor winter herring season, lead- ing to one of the lowest outputs of kippered herring on record. Both Iceland and Norway landed considerably less Icelandic herring than in 1962. Although brisling for canning was abundant in Norway, high olive oil prices and heavy stocks caused a large part to be diverted to the fish meal industry. The cod fishery was at about the same level in 1963 as the year before in both Iceland and Norway. The United Kingdom's white fish landings in December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tel International (Contd.): Total Catch (Live Weight) of Fish and Shellfish in Selected Countries, 1959-1963 and 1958-1962 Average Average 1958-62 World total catch ... . : . : 38,230.0 | 35,930.0 1962 catch--1,000,000 tons and more: Pe .. se ececreeccecne DAAR aie sks. 6 sw nee & oie ene China (Mainland) . Re SeSahie 6 css : United States .. . Norway ....- . 1,509.4 Canada ...ee eee oe 2/ 1,019.6 South Africa (incl, South-West Africa) 1,132.0 1,010.3 Spain (incl, Ceuta and Melilla) .... 1,086.0 1,014.5 1962 catch=-500,000 tons and more, but less than 1,000,000 tons: ...- eee eccrecrecvece India sec ce eeecce United Kingdom ...... Indonesia §..5 0s sye.c « Denmark and Faeroe Islands Iceland 1 esac sc IRXQUCe: pa elibise 6 8) 0 Chile ee ae oe reg ee ee . Germany, Fed, Rep. Portugal) «0 ese Philippines ....- 1962 catch==100, 000 tons 500,000 tons: .. Korea, Rep. of LESCOL aa Burma .. ee Thailand ... Pakistan’ ©. 0\« China (Taiwan) Netherlands .. Korea, North . Sweden .... Angola .... Viet-Nam, Rep. of EEL eretatiei at iol eite! Mexico ..eesee Malaysia: Malaya Poland... cece Morocco .. «see Congo (Leopoldville Cambodia ...... Senegal cee cee Germany, Eastern . . United Arab Republic Muscat andOman ., 1962 catch=-50, 000 tons and more, but less than 100,000 tons: - sss ee eee eeerevves Venemela . Argentina Ceylon , Turkey Greece . . . . . . . wes ks aon . . oo = Pau ON CT Cen en Oo Cash AWReOONOAkeN (Tae se CUOSBNUWNAOCHL Sw Pawe y ob Colombia (Table continued on next page.) 72 International (Contd.): COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Total Catch (Live Weight) of Fish and Shellfish in Selected Countries, 1959-1963 and 1958-1962 Average (Contd.) 1962 catch--less than 50,000 tons: .. Average oe eee ee ee ow © © © @ (1,000 Metric Tons) .. 12sec ee ee eee Ce rr rrr 441.0 ECHadarmnemenenene Greenland ... Malaysia: Singapore . Bulgaria . . oe e St. Pierre and Miquelon Rwanda and Burundi . . Urme@ey 5000000000 MaltalandiGozouveemeltelcpicliol siiailalsiisiielialls Mauritius ... We Sw NLL Pr PH OF ey (ej eh ie] (s) 's, oplerieh eyiepiejie) she 33.3 Gere, goaon00do0b don 000000 a NewsZealandiicmeetcialsitclelentenememenalenre 2/ CHA oop aGdoOmooOooOdDoOOn an OU 2/ Wangeslesmies og 6 000000000090000 34.4 inalewel 5 go 50000 d00dc0D00000 27.6 iat, “G5 00Gb do00000 000000 2/ GRA G5 GboO0d0D0DDDDDD00DD 21.0 Sudan eiloioaWeltoled cMlailcMeiieliatteltoltcite 2/ LGA aco ooo o DODD TODDDDODO 20.1 Ryukyu islands eee were ee cece 17.4 see 55000000 . bdoo0o08 17.5 UE, 5 o6G000 ° cece ee Ethiopia . ...e.e.se . HuCGnOmO. C e 1/Preliminary. cS iy) coral [aoa ed e -_ . Be OWOOMWOUAWANA LUN e — cS ° = fF 00 U1) 00 (0 NI UAwWMAOWARNN ite) = 0 0 6 8.4 7.8 6.4 2/ ) 5 6 0 2 9 3 2 ee me 01 NI 00 Oe Pp ° . e oe Bee es . ° PNONWNNEWORADAUODWON 2/Data not available; estimates used in computing world total catch. Note: Countries arranged in order of 1962 catch. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1963 were slightly less thanin1962. Poland's fishery landings increased about 25 percent in 1963. Fishery landings by the U.S.S.R. reached a total of 4.7 million tons in 1963. This was 200,000 tons more than the planned target of 4.5 million tons, which was already three times the 1948 landings of 1.5 million tons. The 1963 United States fishery landings dropped about 10 percent in 1963, largely be- cause of lower menhaden landings. The pro- duction of groundfish fillets fell by about 10 percent, and of canned fishery products by about 7 percent. The United States pack of Pacific sardines was the smallest in more than 50 years, but the packs of shrimp and oyster from the Gulf of Mexico rose sharply. In Canada, however, the total 1963 fishery landings increased by about 10 percent. Peru's fishery landings of 6.9 milliontons were estimated as only slightly less than in 1962, in spite of a lengthy vessel tie-up of anchoveta fishermen and greater difficulty in finding anchoveta. That species represented 98 percent of the Peruvian landings, which resulted in a new record output of fish meal. In Chile, the 1963 landings set a new record of 762,800 tons, but results were much below expectations because the anchoveta disappear - ed almost entirely from the coastal waters off north Chile for six months and a large part of the catches were small fish. The countries with the largest landings in 1963 (Peru estimated at 6.9 million tons and Japan 6.7 million tons, excluding whales) were slightly below those for the previous year. In 1963 Japan's extended activities in distant- water trawl and tuna fisheries almost offset lower catches in some other Japanese fisher - ies, including the offshore fisheries and Ber- ing Sea groundfish fisheries. Mainland China with landings roughly estimated at over 5 mil- lion tons remained the third largest fishing nation in 1963. The 1963 landings in South Africa and South= West Africa of 1.1 million tons set a new rec=- ord for the sixth year in succession. A drop in the Cape catch of shoalfish and a slight de- cline in trawl fish landings were offset by the very large Walvis Bay pilchard catch of 546,000 tons as compared with 395,000 tons in 1962. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1963 p. 53. % OK OK OK December 1964 International (Contd.): MEETING ON BUSINESS DECISIONS IN FISHERY INDUSTRIES; Practical applications of fishery research were discussed by fishing industry executives and scientific specialists at the 5-day meeting on Business Decisions in Fishery Industries, which opened September 21, 1964, in Rome, Italy. Sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the meeting was attended by about 100 persons from 35 countries. They included--in addi- tion to the business executives~--biologists, naval architects, technologists, and econo- mists interested in fisheries problems. The scientists and technologists reported on prog- ress in fisheries research. The economists then described the tools they have to deter- mine whether the research results can be economically applied. By exchanging views with scientists, the business executives can learn what the spe- cialists can do to help solve management problems. At the same time, the business executives can indicate what are the most urgent problems on which help is required. "We believe that improved methods of de- cision making will lead to improved utiliza- tion of fishery resources," the Director of the FAO Fisheries Division said. ''This, in turn, will enable man _ to add to future food supplies and help him in his struggle against hunger." se ok ok ok ox * KKK INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL HOLDS 11TH SESSION: The 11th Session of the Indo-Pacific Fish- eries Council (IPFC) of the Food and Agricul- ture Organization (FAO) was held October 16- 31, 1964, at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The IPFC was established under Agree- ment signed at Baguio, Philippines, in Febru- ary 1948. Its functions are to assemble and disseminate technical information relating to water resources of the Indo-Pacific area and to encourage and coordinate research and recommend development programs. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 66. KOK OK OK OK FORTY -THIRD COUNCIL SESSION CONSIDERS TWO FISHERY ITEMS: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 Session of the Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion (FAO) Council, held in Rome, October 13- 16, 1964, an Ad Hoc Committee was establish- ed to study FAO's role in world fisheries de- velopment and how that role might best be re- organized and expanded. In establishing the Ad Hoc Committee, the Council gave consider - ation to a resolution adopted by the 12th Ses- sion of the FAO Conference (biennial) held in 1963, for proposals outlining measures which can be taken to assure that FAO's Fisheries Division is properly recognized as the leading intergovernmental body in encouraging ration- al harvesting of food from the oceans and in- land waters, and is in a position to adequately discharge such leadership. The Conference requested the Director-General to prepare the proposals for consideration by the Council and the 13th Session of the Conference. The Ad Hoc Committee, initially composed of Chile, France, Iran, Italy, Philippines, Sene- gal, the United Kingdom, and the United States, is to report and make recommendations to the 44th Session of the FAO Council to be held some time in June 1965. Membership to the Ad Hoc Committee will also be open to other Member Nations which are now, or will be in January 1965, members of the Council and who wish to participate in the Committee's work, It was the opinion of the Council that inter- national collaboration in fisheries might best be achieved through the establishment of a permanent committee on fisheries of selected Member Nations to deal with those matters and to advise the FAO Conference and the Council, as well as the Director-General, on the formulation, implementation, and coordi- nation of policy and on FAO programs and activities in the fisheries field. Tuna Resources in Atlantic Ocean: At the 43rd Session the Council also considered the report of its Working Party on the Rational Utilization of the Tuna Resources in the At- lantic Ocean and the comments on that report by Member Nations and various international councils and commissions. The Councilagreed with certain conclusions of the Working Party on: (a) problems relating to all the tuna and tuna-like fish inhabiting the entire Atlantic Ocean require urgent attention; (b) that it is necessary to continue and expand programs or research in a number of fields enumerated by the Working Party; and (c) that to this and not only statistics on catches and landings are required but that a detailed and coordinated 74 International (Contd.): system of data collection must be put into ef- fect as soon as possible. Those conclusions were supported, on the whole, by Member Nations and international organizations consulted by the Director -Gen- eral. A majority of the delegations within the Council favored setting up a new organization to handle Atlantic tuna matters and agreed that a Conference of plenipotentiaries of in- terested nations should be called to discuss the character, functions, and operations of such an organization and if agreement were reached, to take steps to set it up. The Coun- cil came to the conclusion that the matter should be referred to the 13th Session of the Conference for a decision, but requested the Director-General in the meantime to under- take preparatory work including further con- sultations with Member Nations and interested international organizations so that if the 13th Session of the Conference decided that a Con- ference of plenipotentiaries should be called, it could meet possibly early in 1966. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 43; Feb= tuary 1964 p. 61; January 1964 p. 38. * OK OK OK NEED FOR SANITARY REGULATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS: Fishery products were included in discus- sions at an international meeting held in Berne, Switzerland, October 12-17, 1964, onproblems associated with international traffic in ani- mals, animal products, and related items. The meeting was convened jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions (FAO), the International Office of Epi- zootics (OIE), and the World Health Organiza- tion (WHO). The meeting was attended by 88 delegates from 40 countries and 12 observers from 8 international organizations. It was the con- sensus that more uniform and realistic sani- tary regulations were urgently needed ona worldwide basis if international trade was to continue to expand to meet the world's grow- ing food needs. In the discussions on fish and fishery products, the discussion leader reviewed the problems connected with the hygienic inspec- tion of fish and fishery products for humanor animal consumption, as well as with interna- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 national traffic in live fish and fish eggs for breeding, stocking, and ornamental purposes. His observations were based on the work and recommendations of the European Symposium sponsored by OIE held in Turin, Italy, in1962, on diseases of fish and the sanitary inspection of fresh-water and marine fishery products. Account had also been taken of the work of the OIE Permanent Commission for the Study of Sanitary Regulations on the Importation and Exportation of Animals and Animal Products in this connection. For the purposes of inter- national trade it was felt that standards should be established for organoleptic qualities, pack- aging, methods of preservation, additives, toxic or radioactive substances, and the detection of diseases transmissible to humans. A number of problems and requirements were mentioned in each case. Particular emphasis was placed on the need for certification and some of the information which certificates should contain was summarized, according to the purpose for which the fish or fishery products were to be used. Some of the delegates at the meeting felt that there was a danger of duplication in con- sidering those topics at the meeting in session since the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentari- us Commission had recently initiated work on most of them. That Commission has assigned to the Fisheries Division of FAO the task of drafting a Code of Principles and coordinating international standards for fish and fishery products. Under the chairmanship of the Unit- ,ed States, an Expert Committee has undertaken lwork on the whole field of food hygiene stand- ards within the framework of the Codex Alimen- tarius program. Meanwhile, a joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee was dealing with the ques- tion of food additives. It was mentioned, fur- thermore, that the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission was studying problems associated with live fish and fish eggs and had held informal discussions on fish diseases. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was also reported to be preparing draft standards for certain can- ned fish products in collaboration with FAO. It was, therefore, suggested that the main working paper should be passed, together with the meetings! observations, to the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission and to the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Committee with the added suggestion that the latter Committee's work should be extended to a worldwide basis. Other delegates pointed out that the veteri- nary services had an important role to play in December 1964 International (Contd.): these matters. Fish are responsible for the transmission, of several diseases to humans and animals such as Diphyllobothrium infesta- tion, salmonellosis, hepatitis (from shellfish), and botulism. Of particular interest were the dangers of spreading salmonellosis through animal feed containing fish meal, and such new developments as fish farming in which humans, birds, and possibly animals or their excreta come into close contact with live fish, thus favoring new cycles of diseases. Inspec- tion of fish and installations for handling and processing them, it was felt, certainly needed much greater attention, too. It was pointed out that the veterinary authorities in each country should display an increasing interest in control of diseases of fish and prevention of entry of such diseases into their respective countries. With reference to fish meal it was general- ly agreed that the industry and trade shouldbe subjected to stricter sanitary controls. Ex- tensive investigations were under way to de- termine the sources of pathogenic organisms that have been encountered in fish meal. Meanwhile, it was felt that better plant sani- tation, especially with respect to handling the end product, would probably be more effective in eliminating contamination than additional sterilization, which is very expensive and might endanger the product's nutritional qualities. Recommendations made at the meeting were that the necessity for the sanitary con - trol of international traffic in fish and fish products was recognized, and it was therefore recommended that this task be entrusted to appropriate Government services since those products may be the cause of the transmis- sion of infectious and parasitic diseases of man and animals, including fish. The dele- gates also recommended that OIE and FAO continue their work on this subject and that other international organizations working in this fieldbe invited to collaborate. At the meeting, a review was made of the work already carried out by the sponsoring organizations, as well as by OECD and the European Common Market. CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION SECOND SESSION MEETS IN GENEVA: The Second Session of the Codex Alimen- tarius (Food Standards) Commission met in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 Geneva, September 28-October 7, 1964. The Commission is sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The joint FAO/WHO program on food standards has as its purpose: (1) simplifying and integrating food standards work now carried on by many international organizations; (2) providing an effective mechanism for obtaining Government acceptance of those standards; and (3) their publication in the Codex Alimentarius. Pri- mary responsibility for the work on food stand- ards rests with FAO, while WHO is concerned with health aspects of the program. A joint FAO/WHO Conference on Food Standards was held in Geneva, October 1-5, 1962, to establish guidelines for the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The First Session of the Commission was held in Rome, June 25- July 3, 1963. At the 1964 Geneva meeting of the Second Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission there were about 125 participants, including delegates from 40 member Governments, ob- servers from 6 nonmember Governments, and representatives from 23 organizations. Fishery products standards were discussed at the Second Session under agenda items: (1) progress reports of expert committees and (2) re-allocation of preparatory work. Progress Reports of Expert Committees: Fish and Fish Products: The Commission received a report (Section J. Report of the Committee of Experts on International Stand- ards for Fish and Fishery Products) prepared by the Committee of Independent Experts on Fish and Fishery products (convened by the FAO Fisheries Division), The report was ap- proved and incorporated into the Draft Report of the Second Session of the Codex Alimentari- us Commission as follows (subject to minor re- visions by the Secretariat of the Commission): Section J. Report of the Committee of Ex- perts on International Standards for Fish and Fishery Products The Codex Alimentarius Commission, at its first session, requested the Direc- tor-General of FAO to convene a Com- mittee of Independent Experts on Fish and Fishery Products to prepare for the Commission's consideration (1) recom- mendations for priorities among fish and fishery products to be standardized, and (2) a draft model standard. 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): The Committee of Experts recom- mended that the following products be given priority for standardization: can- ned herring and sardine in tomato sauce; canned herring and sardine in oils; can- ned tuna, bonito, and mackerel inbrine or oils; canned Pacific salmon; and canned crab meat; and canned shrimp; frozen tuna and frozen herring as raw material for further processing; frozen fillets of Atlantic cod, haddock, and ocean perch (Sebastes); frozen Pacific salmon; and frozen crustaceans; cured-salted her- ring; and salted cod. The Committee of Experts also drew up a skeleton code of practice for the handling of fish and fishery products as wellas a suggested model standard for fishery products. The Experts made cer- tain recommendations concerning the coun- tries which in their opinion would be most likely to have the greatest exper - tise in the field of standardization of the various fish and fishery products, and requested the Director-General of FAO to approach the Governments of those countries to see whether they would be prepared to undertake this work. The Codex Alimentarius Commission had a brief progress report on develop- ments since the meeting of the Commit~- tee of Experts, informing the Commis- sion (1) that a draft standard on canned bonito in oil had been received by FAO, and (2) that a number of countries had informed the Director-General that they would be prepared to elaborate draft standards on fish and fishery products. The Codex Alimentarius Commission endorsed in general the procedure out- lined in the Report of the Committee of Experts on International Standards for Fish and Fishery Products. The Com- mission requested that Fisheries Divi- sion of FAO should examine the draft standards which were to be submitted by "Author" countries or organizations. The (FAO) officer in charge of the Food Standards Program was instructed to invite all Members of the Commission to indicate which standards were of par- ticular interest to them. Vol. 26, No. 12 When in the opinion of the (FAO) Fish- eries Division experts the draft stand- ards were in a satisfactory form, they would be transmitted to those Members of the Commission which had notified their interest for detailed comments. After a reconsideration of the draft standards in the light of comments re- ceived, the officer in charge of the Food Standards Program would send them to all Members of the Commission for com- ment and the Commission, at its next Session, will consider the action to be taken. Re-allocation of Preparatory Work: The discussion of the future of fisheries standards work was opened by a Canadian delegate who stated that the Codex Alimentarius Commis- sion would eventually need its own Expert Committee on Fish and Fishery Products, but it was not needed now because considerable preliminary work was in progress. The Chair- man of the Commission agreed with that view. For the time being, draft standards on fishery products being prepared by various designated countries will be coordinated by the FAO Fish- eries Division (in Section J of the Draft Re- port of the Second Session). Further action on the draft standards will be considered at the next Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Commission will not at- tempt to review the draft standards at that time, but will consider the appointment of an expert committee for that purpose. (United States Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, October 14, 1964.) eon ee bas od WORLDWIDE EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD HYGIENE MEETS IN WASHINGTON: In connection with work to develop inter- national food standards, the Worldwide Expert Committee on Food Hygiene met in Washing= ton, D. C., May 27-28, 1964. The Committee is one of the working groups of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (Food Standards) Com- mission. Food hygiene is included in the pro- gram because that element is essential to in- sure a food standard that is both effective and acceptable, The Washington meeting of the Committee on Food Hygiene was attended by delegations December 1964 International (Contd.): from Australia, Canada, Israel, the Nether- lands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The agenda adopted by the Committee in- cluded: (1) Recommendations on the scope of food hygiene standards, (2) Recommendations for guidelines for the development of processing and product inspection standards. (3) Recommendations for general hygi- enic standards covering: (a) disease- or toxin-producing micro-organisms (b) bacterial indices of pollution (c) rodent and insect indices of pol- lution (d) fungi (mold), (4) Establishment of priorities, In handling that agenda, the Committee had before it a United Kingdom draft discuss - ing food hygiene rules. The Committee also received prepared suggestions from the Unit- ed States on food handling practices. The United States and the United Kingdom agreed to work together on a draft of hygiene stand- ards for fish and fishery products. The extent of the Hygiene Committee's authority was a major point of discussion dur- ing the Washington meeting. It was agreed that the Committee's work would be closely related to that of the various Codex Commit- tees on standards for individual commodities. Whether the Hygiene Committee would work with the individual commodity committees be- fore standards were drafted was left open for clarification by the parent Codex Commission. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1964, p. 1. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND OUTLOOK: International Cooperation: The most no- table accomplishment of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fish- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 eries (ICNAF) since its beginning in 1951 has been the dedication to international fishery conservation and the remarkable cooperation among the scientists and administrators of the dif-; ferent member countries and world conservation agencies in their efforts to maintain the stocks of fish in the Northwest At- lantic at a level permit- ting a maximum sustained catch, Collection, Processing, and Publication of Statistical and Biological Data: The Commis- sion early recognized the fundamental need for complete and reliable statistics on the fish- eries in the Northwest Atlantic and thus allow its scientists to make the scientific assess~ ments which form the basis for regulating the fisheries in an effort to maintain the maximum sustained catch. Since 1951, ICNAF has con- centrated effort on collecting, analyzing, and publishing data on the fish, fish landings, and fishing activity (ICNAF Sampling Yearbook and ICNAF Statistical Bulletin). Cosponsorship with the International Council for the Explora- tion of the Sea (ICES) and the Food and Agri- culture Organization (FAO) of the Expert Meet- ing on Fishery Statistics in the North Atlantic area in 1959 and of the Continuing Working Party on Fishery Statistics in the North At- lantic area has resulted in standardized sta- tistical requirements and procedures for the whole of the North Atlantic region, Development of Research Programs, New Ideas and Techniques: The Commission, pro- ceeding on the basis of making sure of the scientific data before embarking on ambitious regulatory measures, drew up an internation- al fisheries research program and stimulated the development of new ideas and techniques for the solution of international and national fisheries~-management problems by organizing international scientific symposia on: (1) Biological fisheries survey problems and techniques for their solution," at Biarritz, France, in 1956; (2) ''Fishing effort, effects of fishing and selectivity of fishing gear," at Lisbon, Portugal, with ICES and FAO in 1957; (3) ''Redfish (Sebastes) in the North At- lantic,'’ at Copenhagen, Denmark, with ICES, in 1959; 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 International (Contd.): (4) "Techniques for fish marking and methods of analyses of recovery data,'' at Wood Hole, Mass., in1961; (5) "Influence of the environment on the distribution and abundance of the major fish stocks of the ICNAF area,'' at FAO, Rome, in 1964. All symposia are published in the ICNAF Special Publication series for worldwide dis- tribution. Regulation by Mesh Size as a Conserva- tion Measure: Based on the success of an experimental 43-inch mesh size regulation enforced in 1952 in Subarea 5 (Georges Bank) which allowed the small haddock in the de= clining trawl fishery for haddock to escape in the sizes and quantities recommended by Commission scientists, regulation by mesh size was applied as a conservation measure to other important commercial species in the other subareas. ICNAF mesh-size regula- tions are now enforced for cod and haddock in Subareas 3 (4-inch), 4 and 5 (43-inch), and are proposed for all groundfish species in Subareas 1, 2, and 3, excluding redfish (ocean perch) in Divisions 3NOP (43-inch), and for cod, haddock, and flounder in Subarea 4 (43- inch). Assessment of Effect of Mesh Size: Com- ment of methods for the assessment of the benefit of saving small fish by regulating mesh size of the nets. In 1962, they reported on the effects of fishing on the stocks of the major commercial species and on assess- ments of the effect on catches, both immedi- ate and long-term, of changes in the selectiv- ity of gear, in particular, of changes in the mesh-size of trawls. These assessments of the benefit of mesh regulations are reviewed annually and are the basis for recommenda- tions by the Commission for changes inmesh- size regulationto maintain the fish stocks at a level permitting a maximum continuous catch.: Assessment of Effect of Fishing: In 1964, the Commission, from an assessment of the effect of the increasing fishing activity has found that (a) the fishing intensity with which many of the major stocks of cod and haddock are now being fished is near that at which they can provide their greatest sustained catches, and (b) that mesh-size regulations cannot, in themselves, offset the consequences of the continuing build-up in fishing pressure. The Commission, concerned at the implica- tions of those findings, has asked its scien- tists to continue studies of effects of fishing and to review possible additional conserva- tion measures which might be used to ensure greatest continuous yield from the fish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic. Assessment of Effect of Environment on Fish; The Commission developed and adopted an environmental program to assess the in- fluence of natural causes on the abundance and distribution of fish stocks and on the suc- cess of fishing operations. From April to June 1963, a pioneering survey (NORWEST>=, ; LANT I-III) studied the drift of cod eggs and larvae and redfish (ocean perch) larvae in re- lation to their environment in the northern part of the ICNAF area and in the Irminger Sea. The survey involved the coordinated ef- forts of 8 countries using 11 research vessels. Results are being prepared for publication in the ICNAF Special Publication series. The Commission also completed an international scientific symposium on the environment in relation to the major fish stocks in the North Atlantic at FAO, Rome, in early 1964. Re- sults provided ideas for environmental studies to distinguish between the effects of the en- vironment and effects of fishing on changes in the fish stocks. Exemptions in Nonregulated Fisheries: In addition to using regulation by mesh size as a conservation measure, the Commission has ‘adopted exemption measures for the protec- tion of the regulated species (cod and haddock) taken in areas where there are substantial fisheries using small-mesh nets for nonregu- lated species. Adoption of Principle of International En- forcement: The Commission unanimously agreed to recommend to contracting govern- ments that a system of international enforce- ment of Commission regulations be set up to eliminate the variability of standards possible |under a system of national enforcement. Acceptance of Responsibility for Seal Con- servation: As a result of unanimous agreement in the Commission, the study and recommenda- tion of conservation measures in the declining international fishery for harp and hood seals in the Northwest Atlantic will shortly become an ICNAF responsibility. December 1964 International (Contd.): Outlook for Immediate Future: The out- look for the future is based on the Commis~ sion's concern for the rapidly increasing fish ing activity in the Convention Area by the 13 member countries and at least 2 nonmember countries on present and new stocks and spe- cies of fish. Commission scientists have warned of the consequences and expansion must now give way to rational and controlled exploitation. Regulation of mesh size, al- though a good conservation measure, has been shown as not completely adequate in control- ling exploitation and has raised serious en- forcement and practical fishing problems. Additional conservation measures will be sought and problems of early implementation and enforcement will be considered in the im- mediate future. The Commission will con- tinue to cooperate and exchange ideas with ICES, NEAFC, and FAO with the aim of es- tablishing common benefits for countries fish- ing in the whole of the North Atlantic. Com- mission scientists will continue to collect data on the fisheries and to develop new ideas and techniques which will allow them to ad=- vise the Commissioners, impartially and ob- jectively, on the effects of fishing and of pro- posed regulative measures on the stocks and catches. The Commission will continue to look forward to international cooperation and goodwill to the end that all member countries may benefit from the fisheries in the North- west Atlantic. (ICNAF Newsletter No. 46, Dartmouth, N.S.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Dec, 1964 p. Aug. 1964 p. 49; June 1964 p. 35. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES PROTOCOL AMENDMENT CONCERNING HARP AND HOOD SEALS RATIFIED BY DENMARK AND FRANCE: Ratifications of a Protocol to the Interna- tional Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries of February 8, 1949, relating to harp and hood seals, were deposited by France (July 21, 1964) and Denmark (July 27, 1964). The Protocol, done at Washington, D. C., on July 15, 1963, is intended to bring those spe- cies within the responsibility of the North- west Atlantic Fisheries Commission. The Protocol is not yet in force. (The Department of State Bulletin, August 17, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 42; March 1964 p. 45. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION RENEGOTIATION TALKS IN OTTAWA END: The third meeting of the parties to the In- ternational Convention for the High Seas Fish- eries of the North Pacific Ocean which began on September 9, 1964, came to a close Octo- ber 1, 1964, in Ottawa, Canada. The present Convention and the modifica- tions of this Convention (which were under discussion during the three meetings) have the primary objective of promoting coopera- tion among the three parties (Canada, Japan, and the United States) in developing and ap- plying effective conservation measures and procedures for North Pacific stocks of fish of common interest. The earlier meetings, which were held in Washington, D, C., in June 1963 and in Tokyo in September 1963, had provided an opportuni- ty for the delegations from Canada, Japan, and the United States to present and clarify their views concerning revision of the Convention, and the third meeting concentrated on consid- eration of the principles and details to be in- cluded in a revised Convention. During the course of the meeting the Japa- nese delegation submitted a draft convention including accompanying protocols which in- corporated various modifications of the draft convention discussed at the Tokyo meeting. The new draft took into consideration certain important suggestions made by each delega- tion at the earlier meetings. The delegations examined and discussed the new draft convention and protocols and presented constructive modifications for fur- ther consideration. It was generally agreed that the form and content of the articles of the convention under consideration could be made acceptable to the three delegations by means of revisions which were mainly of a drafting nature. However, because of certain problems which could not be be resolved at this time it was not possible to reach full agreement on the salmon and halibut protocols which form an integral part of the Convention. Throughout the meeting the delegations ex- changed views in a frank manner and studied various concrete proposals in efforts to re- 80 International (Contd.): solve the remaining differences, particularly with regard to the contents of the protocols. As the result of these constructive and con- ciliatory efforts considerable progress was made, but it was finally decided that com- plete agreement could not be reached at this time. The delegations therefore concluded that the meeting should adjourn and recom- mended to the Governments that a fourth meeting be convened at some later date for the purpose of reaching final agreement. In this connection the United States delegation expressed the hope of its Government that the next meeting might be held in the United States at a time and place to be determined by the three Governments. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA o2ND STATUTORY MEETING HELD IN COPENHAGEN: The 52nd Statutory Meeting of the Interna- tional Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, September 27-October 7, 1964. Some 160 delegates and experts from the 16 European Member Countries were in attendance, and others as observers from other countries and international organizations. About 20 committees and working groups considered as many as 150 scientific papers and pre- sented their reports to the Bureau of the Council. The United States delegation included rep- resentatives from the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Other representatives were from the U. S. National Oceanographic Data Center, the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In- stitution. The 52nd meeting followed a previous meet- ing (September 7-12, 1964) convened by the Danish Government to draw up a new constitu- tion with a view to facilitating the implemen- tation of the Council's program. A new Con- vention for ICES was considered and agreed upon at the previous meeting. The new Con- vention states, ''The Council shall be con- cerned with the Atlantic Ocean and its adjac- ent seas and primarily concerned with the North Atlantic.’ Formerly, ICES confined it- self largely to the eastern part of the North Atlantic, primarily off Europe and Iceland. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Among the more important conclusions reached at the Council meeting were: (1) In view of the extensive exploitation of tuna, sardine, and many other species in the tropical Atlantic, it was decided to develop a research plan and to organize collection of fisheries statistics from the area. Details of the plan, to be known as the ''Equatorial Proj- ect,'' are to be drawn up by a Symposium ex- pected to be convened in 1966. (2) In connection with a request from the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for comments by the Coun- cil on the FAO Working Party for the Rational Utilization of the Tuna Resources of the Atlan- tic Ocean, the Council extended its cooperation to FAO, and to any new organization which might be set up by FAO or by any other inter- national agency for the purpose of organizing and carrying out investigations in the area, aimed at rational exploitation of fish stocks. (3) Cooperation with the International Com- mission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) was to be extended and intensified. Joint meetings of scientific experts from both sides of the Atlantic were advocated, prefer- ably independent of the annual meetings of both organizations. r (4) A "Symposium on Arctic Pelagic Fish- es'' was scheduled to be held in Copenhagen in October 1966. Although most of the spes cies involved are not of great value to man= kind, at least notas afood, they are extremely important in the marine food chain and through their effect on the distribution and availability of commercially important fish, such as cod. (5) During the last three years, ICES Plank- ton Committee has been working out plans for instituting a review on present plankton re- search methods, with a view to standardizing them and making the results comparable. Since this work is urgent and of worldwide concern, the Council decided to start on it immediately. There will be four Working Groups to deal with specified items. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Spe- cial Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) are ready to cooperate and to share expenses. (6) ICES acts as scientific adviser to the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) through a special Liaison Committee. To provide scientific evidence for the benefit December 1964 International (Contd.): of NEAFC, working groups were set up to deal with problems concerning, among others, herring in all European waters, cod and other bottom fish, and fishing gear. In his opening address, the President of ICES drew attention to the misunderstandings and conflicts which may arise from routine scientific samplings and other probings of the seabed and subsoil and of the bottom fauna by means of bottom grabs, dredges, corers, and similar devices. Such actions for purely scientific purposes could be interpreted as ‘exploitation of the Continental Shelf. Wishing to-avoid misunderstandings and anxious to in- sure that research vessels may continue to operate as in the past, the Council is seeking cooperation to insure that the work of re- search vessels of Member Countries will not be impeded. ICES indicated its readiness, if necessary, toassist in compiling a register of vessels regularly engaged in scientific in- vestigations on behalf of member countries. A highlight of the Statutory Meeting was a 2-day symposium on the salinity-density- electrical conductivity-relationships of sea water. A new Set of tables is to be drawn up by the National Institute of Oceanography in Great Britain and published by UNESCO on behalf of ICES, in order to facilitate inter- national comparison of the readings of elec- trical salinometers. The 53rd Annual Meeting of ICES will be held in Rome, Italy, October 4-13, 1965. (Assistant Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, October 28, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964 p, 68. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT FISHERY TECHNOLOGISTS MEETING HELD: A meeting of fishery technologists, spon- sored by the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), was held at Op Gouden Wieken, Scheveningen (The Hague), in the Netherlands, September 14-17, 1964, About 200 technologists from various gov- ment agencies, the fishing industry, and re- search institutions attended the meeting. They were from 19 countries, the Food and Agri- culture Organization (FAO), and the European COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 Economic Community (EEC). The OECD Fisheries Committee sponsored the meeting as part of its 1964 work program because the agenda dealt with a number of fishery subjects of direct interest to current or proposed proj- ects of the Committee. Developments in fish- ery technology have been numerous but fish- ery technologists had not had an opportunity to attend a meeting of this type since 1956. The countries and organizations represented at the meeting were: Belgium, Canada, Den- mark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ire- land, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Por- tugal , Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, FAO, and the EEC. United States representatives were from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, National Fisheries Institute, andalso the U.S. Fisheries Attache for Europe at Copenhagen, Denmark. Discussions at the meeting centered on the following major topics which were outlined in a series of 20 background papers: 1. Storage of fish in chilled sea water on fishing vessels (biochemical and engineering aspects). 2. Prepackaging of fresh, frozen, smoked, and other products for retail sale. 3. Handling of wet fish aboard vessels (ex- cept in chilled sea water). 4, Handling of wet fish on shore. 5, Problems in freezing, cold storage, and thawing. Participants at the meeting included many technologists from private industry which led to a useful exchange of views and opinions be- tween them and technologists from govern- ment agencies and research institutions. All participants welcomed the opportunity to dis- cuss recent technological developments and hoped that similar meetings could be held more often than in the past. One of the more significant developments at the meeting was the report by a Portuguese trawler owner that he was successfully super- cooling his fish catch to -1° to -3°9 C, (about 27° to 30° F.) and bringing in the partially fro- zen fish after 25 to 30 days in a condition which commanded premium prices. The view was held that although contrary to theory, the 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 International (Contd.): the Baltic salmon fished by U.S.S.R., Poland, Finland, and Denmark from stock provided in procedure worked in practice, at least for great part by Sweden's fish hatcheries. (The warm-water fish caught off Africa. Atlantic Salmon Journal, June 1964, No. 2.) The FAO representative at the meeting EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION convened members of his Experts Committee separately to discuss future technology meet- | INDUSTRIAL TARIFFS SCHEDULED ings and related matters. His group suggest- | FOR FURTHER REDUCTION: ed that FAO hold meetings each two years, By the end of 1966 the European Free alternating between a technological meeting Trade Association (EFTA) will have become with substantial participation and a scientific |a single market of 100 million people almost meeting of the symposium type with limited completely free of tariff and other restrictions attendance. An FAO technological meeting in industrial goods traded between EF TA mem- was suggested for 1966 to consider only two ber countries. Tariffs are now at 40 percent topics--frozen fish and irradiated fish. The |of their 1960 level. The remaining tariffs will latter would include discussions of packaging |be eliminated as follows: reductions of 10 per- materials for that product. cent will take place on December 31, 1964, and December 31, 1965, and a final reduction of 20 A complete report by OECD on the Fish- ercent will be made at the end of 1966. ery Technologists Meeting will be issued ear- |Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 40; March ly in 1965. (Regional Fisheries Attache for 1964 p. 35. Europe, United sates Embassy, Copenhagen, a September 30, 1964. wamecis Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 43. | a SALMON Australia ATLANTIC SALMON FISHERY: ABALONE INDUSTRY BEING DEVELOPED: There have been reports for some years A number of different species of abalone of an Atlantic salmon commercial fishery es- |are found around the entire coast of mainland tablished in the waters off the Greenland Australia and Tasmania. In some Australian coast. The annual salmon catch during 1960- |states the abalone is also called ''mutton fish." 1962 was about 500 metric tons and was The Technical Research Section of the Fisher- caught in gill nets by Danish fishermen. Re- |ies Branch, Australian Department of Primary turn of tags indicate that the salmon originate |Industry, has collected considerable informa- from both the Atlantic coast and from Europe. |tion on abalone designed to assist Australian From the North American side of the Atlantic, |fishermen engaged in that fishery. The aba- most of the tagged fish came from Canada's lone fishery in Australia is relatively new and Maritime rivers, and one was a post-kelt because of the good demand for it in some tagged at Cherryfield, Me., which was caught |countries, particularly Asia, the Australian north of the Arctic Circle. Government conducted research on harvesting, processing, and distribution of the new re- As Greenland's rivers lack spawning fa- |source. cilities, most of the Danish commercial fish- ery comes from stocks outside the Greenland The larger species of abalone have the great- area. For that reason, Canada's Department |est commercial value. Those include the red of Fisheries and Maine's Atlantic Sea Run abalone (Notohaliotis ruber) which inhabit the Salmon Commission are interested. It is re- |New South Wales, eastern Victorian, and Tas- ported that the International Commission for |manian coasts, and the white abalone (Schis- the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries has con- motis laevigata) found on the southern Western sented to obtain accurate records on the num- |Australian, South Australian, Victorian, and ber of salmon taken in the Danish offshore Tasmainian coasts. Red abalone grow to a di- fishery. ameter of 6 to 7 inches and the white species up to 6 inches. A similar situation is said to prevail in Canada's Newfoundland commercial fishery with much of the stock originating from the rivers of Quebec and the Maritimes, and also An even larger species of abalone (Haliotis laevigata), which grows 9 to 10 inches in di- ameter, is found on the southwest corner of Western Australia from Albany to Hamelin Bay. December 1964 Australia (Contd.): Smaller abalone species include Haliotis asinina which are about 3- to 4-inches in di- ameter and are found in Northern Australia, northwest Western Australia, Queensland, and the Pacific Islands, Neohaliotis scalaris (4 inches), common in Western and South Australia, and Emma's abalone (Marinauris emmae), which grows to about 3 inches in di- ameter and is found in Port Phillip Bay and Western Port bays of Victoria. Abalone, a mollusk of the gastropod family Haliotidae, cling to reefs, rock, and coral, between low tide level and a depth of about 100 feet, and are gathered by divers. The coast of Tasmania and most of the southern and southeastern coasts of Australia are con- sidered most suitable for the commercial ex- ploitation of abalone. However, nothing is known of the density of abalone populations which may be found in those areas. Diving Methods for Taking Abalone: In Australia, SCUBA gear and foam rubber suits are used to collect abalone and teams work from anchored boats as opposed to ''free" boats favored by so-called "hard hat'' divers Australian crews usually consist of two per- sons-~-a diver and a diver-tender boat han-- dler--although sometimes a number of divers operate from one tender. Other divers pre- fer to work alone from an anchored skiff, and even dispense withasurface crew member. On the east coast of Tasmania, abalone is collected by divers working from fast motor launches. They often work free with a snor- kle or SCUBA equipment. A diver can work 6 or 7 hours a day with a snorkle but diving with SCUBA equipment is more exhausting and 33 hours is the usual limit for diving time. Introduction of new diving equipment is being considered. This consists of a face mask, and a demand valve connected by an air line to a compressor on the surface. Abalone are pried from rocks with a short, flat iron bar and collected in baskets for dis- patch to the surface, Since abalone are high- ly perishable, they must be delivered to the processor without delay. In colder climates they are fished only during the summer and the operations are very dependent on weather conditions. On the south coast of New South Wales the price for abalone has been A#65-85 (about US$146 to $190) a ton, depending on size, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 divers have landed between half a ton anda ton a day. Prices vary directly with size, small abalone being the lowest priced. Aba- lone taken off New South Wales weigh about 12 ounces each and average about 3,000 to the ton. But observations by divers there suggest that while there are areas where there are good concentrations of abalone, they are not exten- sive and wouldnot stand intensive fishing. Abalone grounds off the States of Tasma- nia, Victoria, and South Australia appear to provide the best prospects. Processing plants have been set up onthe south coast of New South Wales, on the east coast of Tasmania, and on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria. Frozen Abalone for Export: Most Austra- lian abalone is frozen whole for export, al- though some canning is being undertaken, and that section of the abalone industry is the one which is expected to expand further. At Bicheno, headquarters for the abalone industry in Tasmania, abalone are air-dried for export to Hong Kong and other Asian mar- kets. It takes as long as eight weeks for the abalone to dry, after it is salted and threaded on lines and hung up ina room. The dry aba- lone are weighed in catties aes pounds) which is the weight used in Hong Kong. It may also be sold in bulk by the picul (133 pounds), the Hong Kong equivalent of a hundredweight. The abalone is packed by color classification and size, gradings being 7-10, 10-12, 12-15, 15-20 pieces per cattie. Abalone taken on the east coast of Tasmania can be as large as 9 inches in diameter butthe average is 5 inches, which is the minimum size of shell allowed to be taken in that State. There were said to be no forseeable diffi- culties in freezing and storing abalone for some months. The product should be shelled and the usual precautions taken to prevent desiccation during frozen storage such as glaz- ing and/or wrapping in water-vaporproof film. Storage should be at as low a temperature as possible, preferably lower than -5° F, Shelled abalone can be stored satisfactori- ly in the frozen state at about -5° F. for sub- sequent canning. If the abalone are to be can- ned immediately, they need not be frozen, but the shelled product should be de-salted or immersed in brine. Canning Process: The Australian method to can abalone is to place shelled meats layer- 84 Australia (Contd.): ed with salt in a suitable container. Use 7 pounds of pure dairy salt to every 100 pounds of meat. Leave a least for 24 hours. Alter- natively the meats may be immersed ina salt brine made by adding one pound of salt to 13 gallons of water and kept immersed for the same period. Scrub the meats witha stiff brush to remove black pigmented skin. Trim base of foot and remove edge of mantle and mouth. De-salt in lukewarm water at 100° F. for two hours. Pack the prepared meats in Suitable size cans and top up with water. Enough salt usually remains in the meat to produce the required salt concentration. Heat exhaust canned product or close under vacuum. Cook in pressure retort according to can size. To produce abalone steaks the shell is re- moved and the viscera and dark tough outside fascia are trimmed around the foot muscle. The muscle weighs about one-third of the original live weight of the mollusk. After being trimmed, the meat is WEISS and, sliced across the grain into steaks from? to 3-inch thick. The steaks are the consistency of a rubber truck tire at this stage and must be tenderized. This is done by pounding them with heavy mallets till they feel velvety. The steaks are then graded according to size and color and packed in 5- and 10-pound cartons and frozen. White abalone meat is consider - ed to be the most desirable and large white steaks bring the best prices. Drying Process: The abalone are soaked in brine after being removed from the shell. After washing, the salted abalone are cooked for about half an hour in water just below boiling point. They are then spread in shal- low trays on drying frames to dry in the sun. Four or five days later the abalone are cook- ed again for an hour and then smoked for a day with charcoal smoke. They are rinsed in boiling water and finally dried for about six weeks. After rinsing in warm water the dried abalone are ready to prepare for the table. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 and costly, for the Australian abalone indus- try to compete successfully in foreign mar- kets. About one-half dozen Australian firms are reported to be handling and processing aba- lone. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, June 1964.) ‘Canada MARINE OIL INDUSTRY TRENDS, JANUARY -JULY 1964: Production; Canadian output of marine | oils during the first 7 months of 1964 totaled 2,445,000 imperial gallons, a decline of 8.1 percent from that in the same period of 1963. Pacific herring oil production declined in 1964 as did Atlantic groundfish and seal oil production. The decline was partly offset by - an increase in Atlantic herring oil production. Canadian Marine Oil Production, January-July 1964 with Comparisons Gamay =puya| el risa] 1963 | 1963 | i960 et | « e » e » (1,000 Imperial Gallons}. ..... Atlantic ... Pacific Source: 1964. Monthly Review of Canadian Fisheries Statistics, July The drying process causes a loss of weight || Fig. 1 - Off the British Columbia coast, a Canadian purse-seiner of about 90 percent. The dried abalone are hard and tough but can be sliced with a sharp knife. The Chinese stew the dried product after soaking it or grind it into a powder and use the pulverized abalone for soup. How- ever, this process probably would be too long is drawing or pursing the net tighter around a good catch of her- ring. Canada's west coast herring is principally for making fish meal and oil. Foreign Trade: Canada, usually a net im- porter of marine oils, reversed the pattern in the first part of 1964, Canadian marine oil im- December 1964 Canada (Contd.): Fig. 2 = A power winch operates the brailer or large scoop used to transfer the herring from the net to the vessel's fish hold. ports during January-April 1964 were only 290,000 pounds as compared with 4.0 million pounds in the first 4 months of 1963. Exports, on the other hand, rose from 8.7 million pounds during January-July 1963 to 16.2 mil- lion pounds during the same months of 1964. The sharp increase resulted from increased herring oil exports. Those totaled 10.2 mil- lion pounds in January-July 1964 (6.4 million pounds to the United Kingdom and 3.8 million pounds to the United States). In the same pe- riod of 1963, herring oil exports totaled only 34,000 pounds, all of which went to the United States. Cod-liver oil exports during January- July 1964 totaled 4.6 million pounds of whicn 4.3 million pounds went to the United States. Last year, during the same period, 8.1 mil- lion pounds of cod-liver oil were exported, including 7.4 million pounds to the United States. (United States Embassy, Ottawa, Oc- tober 9, 1964.) kk ok a KOK OK OK OK RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS AND RESULTS DISCUSSED AT 19TH ANNUAL MEETING: The research work conducted by scientists of Canada's Fisheries Research Board con- sists of about 70 percent biology, 20 percent technological research, and about 10 percent oceanography. Canadian scientists on the Fisheries Research Board are active partici- pants in the work of most of the international fisheries commissions on which Canada has membership. At the 19th annual meeting of the Fisher- ies Council of Canada held this past April at COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the As- sistant Chairman of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada gave a report on highlights of recent research results. The text of his presentation titled ''Research Ready for Ap- plication," follows: "Oceanography: Until fairly recently, the major responsibility for Canadian research in oceanography was assumed by the Fisheries Research Board. Dur- ing the past decade a much larger and still rapidly- growing Canadian program in oceanography has devel- oped which is shared by various agencies and coordi- nated by a Canadian Committee on Oceanography. The Marine Sciences Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys is taking on the lion's share of oceanographic work in the physical sciences and, as a result, the Board is gradually diverting some of its oceanographic energy from survey and monitoring responsibilities to biological oceanography. Indications of the benefits accruing to the fishing industry from this overall expansion are already apparent: "1, The first of a series of fishermen's charts of Atlantic fishing grounds will be released by June of this year. "2, An Oceanographic Information Service, similar in some respects to the Meteorological Serv- ice, is developing on both coasts. You can now receive weekly charts of weather, sea state and swell, ice conditions, surface temp- eratures, vertical temperature profiles, and forecasts of changes in the marine climate. With a Seafax recorder you can obtain most of this information on a daily basis at sea. This Information Service is already used by whale; seal, and tuna fishermen and it is expected that industry will soon be well aware of the in- creased efficiency which is possible by making much more extensive use of this Service. Forecasting the timing and direction of ap- proach of British Columbia salmon runs is be- coming more imminent withour increasing understanding of Pacific oceanography. "3, Oceanographers are also providing information on long-term temperature changes inour ma- rine climate which, inturn, have important ef- fects onour fisheries. The warmingtrend of the late 40's and early 50's in the West Atlantic resulted in increased catches of southern spe- cies. The current trendto acooler Atlantic environment is associated with relatively more cold-water fishinlandings. These environmen- taleffects on a fewofour largest fisheries were recently reviewed by scientists of the Interna- tional Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF), and the accumulated infor- mation will be published by that Commission. Fluctuations in marine climate with associated effects on resources have also been observed in the eastern Pacific. "Biological Research: In the biological field, you are particularly interested in the status of resources. You are concerned with forecasts of the abundance of the main stocks now cropped by industry, and you need information on opportunities for expansion. For con- venience, I will summarize the situation, as we see it, moving from east to west across Canada: "Off Labrador, the Canadian cod fishery has de- clined during the first half of this century from big 86 Canada (Contd.): business to a relatively low level. However, the recent development of a large international trawler fishery off Labrador has been accompanied by a growing Canadian interest in the potential for renewed Canadian exploita- tion of these resources. A year ago this month the A. T. Cameron had 100 European trawlers within a ten- mile radar range fishing cod. This was some 200 miles offshore on Hamilton Inlet Bank, where the cod were at depths of 120 to 180 fathoms. By autumn, cod were still abundant, but in shoaler water. There are sever- al good year-classes of young cod in the Labrador area, and it is expected that large commercial catches will be taken there during the next few years. Large catch- es of redfish, grey sole and shrimp are also available in deep water off Labrador. "The new gill-net fishery for cod in Newfoundland is still very profitable, but rather insecure Since it is based on stocks of large, old fish. The general rule for fisheries is that intensive exploitation reduces fish sizes and availability. Average catch per net at Tre- passey, one of the key gill-net areas, decreased from 770 pounds in 1961 to 660 pounds in 1962 and 510 pounds in 1963. The cod resource along the east coast of Newfoundland is intensively fished by Canada and Several European countries. Large Canadian trawlers might be well advised to exploit deep-water concentra- tions of Newfoundland cod during late winter and spring months, but this would probably not produce any large increase in total landings of inshore and offshore New- foundland cod. "The appearance of occasional big year-classes of haddock in the Newfoundland area has resulted in a valuable but very unstable haddock fishery. The last large year-classes of 1955 and 1956 were cropped quickly by the international trawler fleet. Haddock catches have been reduced to a very low level, and surveys give no indication of good recruitment to re- vive this fishery during the next few years. "Large stocks of small ocean perch (redfish) and plaice flounders are available as alternate resources for trawlers. Herring and capelin might also be taken in large quantities if marketing problems can be re- solved. "Tt is worth noting here that we are very much in- terested in experimental introductions of new species. This fall, we will be looking for returns from the 1962 transplant of 23 million pink salmon eggs to southeast=- ern Newfoundland. An appreciably larger transplant is planned for this autumn. "The fisheries of Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick should continue to expand. Year-round ac- cess to a large variety of fast-growing species offers assurance of healthy fisheries. In Nova Scotia, indus- try has been shifting attention from the northeast to the southwest for haddock, scallops, swordfish, and tuna, and this trend is expected to continue. Good re- cruitment of year-classes will maintain the haddock fishery; scallop landings are levelling off but they should continue to be high in 1964 if prices are good enough to sustain high effort; increased landings of porbeagle sharks, tunas and skipjacks are expected. Canadian fishermen will eventually follow the lead of the United States and U.S.S.R. and use small-mesh ot- ter trawls to catch small species such as herring, whiting, and ‘argentines', COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 "The resources of the Gulf of St. Lawrence are be- ing intensively fished by fishermen from 5 Atlantic Provinces and about 5 other countries. Our studies of cod in the southwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence show that this stock is fished as intensively as any known cod stock. The average fish size has been greatly reduced and the catch-per-unit of effort has decreased. We be- lieve that increased effort will not appreciably increase the total catch. We expect that dragger operations will be maintained by fishing for a longer season outside the Gulf and by shifting good-weather effort to the north- eastern half of the Gulf where cod, a few new year- classes of ocean perch, and a deep-water concentration of small shrimps are available to industry. "Lobsters are very intensively fished. In the south- ern Gulf, the fishery now takes as much as 90 percent of the marketable stock, and this heavy fishing has re- duced the proportion of large lobsters to only 3 percent in Northumberland Strait. No major increase in land- ings is possible, but profits could be increased by great~ ly reducing fishing effort. Costs of handling and shipping can also be reduced, and a bulletin for your guidance on this subject is in press. “Oyster rehabilitation is proceeding satisfactorily, except at Shippegan, and current development of oyster hatchery operations should lead to increased produc- tion. "Catches of Atlantic grilse salmon improved in1963, but the hazards of forest spraying, mine pollution, and: commercial exploitation as far away as Greenland do not offer much hope for further increases in the Ca- nadian catch of Gulf salmon. "In the Great Lakes area we have been carrying out the Canadian share of an international experiment to assess the possibilities of controlling sea lampreys, and thereby build up lake trout production to former levels. After eight years the lamprey population of Lake Superior has been reduced by about 80 percent through use of chemicals, and the trout are showing some Signs of recovery. The big question yet to be examined is the relation of high control costs to bene- fits. "In the Prairies we have followed up on our experi- ment in biological control of the Triaenophorus cysts which restrict exports of whitefish and lake herring. In a small lake, the life cycle was broken by intensive- ly fishing pike down to sizes which were too small to eat infected fish. The pike have completely recovered and the cysts have not reappeared. A pilot-plant ex- periment on a commercial lake now appears to be in order. Ic "Inthe Prairies and Northwest Territories we think}, that a much greater production of whitefish and lake , trout can be taken. We hope to carry out an experiment with the provinces to test this hypothesis. Initially it is proposed that quotas on a few commercial whitefish lakes will be deliberately changed to see what happens. Industry cooperation will be needed if this commercial experiment is to be effective. "The Arctic offers a very limited production of arctic char, lake trout, whitefish, lake herring, western sea herring, and a few species of marine mammals. Native fishermen, of course, have priority in the ex- ploitation of those species. December 1964 Canada (Contd.): "In British Columbia immediate prospects for high landings of presently exploited species are not very bright, but the long-term picture is encouraging. "The 1964 runs of salmon to the Fraser and Skeena Rivers are expected to offer little surplus over num- bers required for spawning escapement. However, if management and increased fish-culture operations are carried out, the long-term prospects for increased salmon production are good. "The halibut resource is fully used. Quotas for 1964 have been reduced in Area 2, and no long-term increase in landings can be expected. "The cod fishery depends on 1 or 2 age groups and as a result it is rather unstable. Catches are expected to continue to improve in 1964. Petrale sole landings should also be higher this year. Southern groundfish resources are almost fully used, but ocean perch, oth- er rockfishes, and shrimp offer possibilities for in- creased trawler landings from the Gulf of Alaska. Fish- eries for tuna, saury and pomfret could be developed. "The large herring fishery should become more valuable if herring can be used more for human food. "Inshore fishing for invertebrates will gradually in- crease. Greater crops of butter clams, razor clams, small abalone, and oysters can be taken. Oyster pro- duction will be high again in 1964 as a result of the tremendous natural seeding in 1958; but a decline is expected in a year or two, which will only be remedied by returning to farming procedures. "In summary, although many of our fisheries re- sources are fully used, we still have many opportuni-~ ties for wiser use of the stocks now fished and for de- velopment of new fisheries to meet the ever-increas- ing demand for higher landings. Production from North American waters is still low compared with the north- west Pacific or the Northeast Atlantic, where large human populations make heavy demands on marine pro- duction for food. You can be optimistic about the avail- ability of resources for continued expansion of Canadi- an fisheries. "Our research programs are partly designed to pro- vide increasingly useful predictions to meet your re~ quirements for resource information, "Technological Research: ...Our most important problem in marketing of fishery products is quality- control. Long-term programs have defined the condi- tions necessary to minimize physical and chemical de- terioration of fish after capture. The importance of rapid cooling, proper handling, low-temperature stor- age and shipping conditions, and high sanitary stand- ards are well know and application of this knowledge is gradually being put into effect. "We are now devoting a considerable amount of at- tention to effects of conditions and activities of fish prior to capture on the quality of fisheries products. Fish processors have long recognized that sea-fresh fish are not necessarily top quality fish. Our work in this field is defining and forecasting variations in quality of fish at capture, and exploring means of avoid- ing or treating low quality fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 "Spent fish are soft, and slow recovery from this condition results in jelly fillets and summer 'drip' as high as 15 percent. Since fish are commonly concen- trated at spawning time, landings are sometimes high- est when sea-fresh quality is not at its best. A Canadian mobile laboratory (mounted on a truck-trailer assembly) used for technological studies. ment. Shows central work area with various items of equipe "Diet of fish has important effects on their odors and flavors. The 'Blackberry' condition found in in- shore Labrador cod is an important case in point. The pteropod in cod food produces a very objectionable dimethyl sulphide odor in the affected fish. We are ex- ploring possibilities of treating the fillets. A similar situation, though less severe, has been noted in the fuel-oil odor which has been observed at times in can- ned chum salmon, The iodine or muddy flavor occasion- ally found in flounders is also attributed to feeding con- ditions prior to capture. Such problems are exagger- ated by holding noneviscerated fish for processing. "If fish are left dead in gill nets they will deteriorate very rapidly, particularly at summer water tempera- tures. Studies of this type of quality deterioration dem- onstrate the importance of frequent gear lifts, and rap- id cooling of fish by gill netters. "We are learning that freezing of cod in prerigor condition produces mealy meat. This is a problem to be faced in freezing otter-trawl or trap-caught cod immediately after capture. Work is continuing on the advantages of freezing fish in rigor. "The Board has pioneered in the development of antibiotics to inhibit bacteria! spoilage. Two bulletins are available describing how they can be properly used. Tetracycline antibiotics are used effectively on the At- lantic coast, and intelligent application elsewhere is desirable. "Low concentrations of polyphosphates appear to have some advantages over brine dips in maintaining texture, retarding oxidative rancidity, and reducing thaw 'drip'. However, commercial tests have not been consistent, and we have reservations about application by industry. Use is legal in the United States but not in Canada. "There is a good deal of interest in the possible use of Cobalt-60 irradiation pasteurization to extend shelf life of fish. Low doses, 75,000 rads, double the shelf life of iced scallops and haddock fillets, from about 12 to 25 days. Heavier doses increase shelf life still fur- ther, but they also produce undesirable tastes and odors. 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): Use of irradiation is still expensive and controversial, but approval of its use by the United States Army for bacon, and the construction of a commercial test unit for fish at Gloucester indicates that you should keep your eyes on developments in this field. Our current irradiation studies are on lobster meat. "Freeze-drying is being studied. The major prob- lem is still with texture, but potential use for shredded or cubed fish in such products as dehydrated soups is worth watching. "High quality fish-protein concentrates has been produced by the Board, and samples are being tested by several firms interested in high protein additives to foods, but to date application has not gone beyond the pilot-plant stage in Canada, "Research on fish oils is demonstrating their use- fulness for food products, detergents, and additives to lubricating oils. Canada imported 50 million pounds of oils in 1962 and this might well be reduced. A Board process for converting fish oils to methyl esters is now being used by a United States firm for processing men- haden oil. It is quite suitable for a large-scale Canadi- an herring reduction operation. "We will soon have a bulletin available on specialty products which can be produced from some of our un- derexploited fresh-water fishes. Fish sausages and wieners, or canned and smoked products, can be made to meet market demands. Competition with smoked meat, and specialty fish products from overseas, ap- pears to be blocking application in Canada. "A current Board project shows that vacuum canning facilitates removal of water from such products as her- ring, and undesirable volatile components are readily drawn off. An added advantage is that the more rapid cooling during precooking shortens processing time. "Finally, I should mention the recent distribution to industry of our circular on botulism. It is hoped that the document will serve to place this problem in its proper perspective, and allay some of the fears recent- ly associated with marketing of fresh-water fish. "Future Communication: I would like to conclude with three specific proposals for improved Canada- first research-industry communication: "Firstly, the Information Service of the Department of Fisheries might employ an officer who would spend his full-time writing up research results in language and format which are more attractive to industry than the dry jargon of scientists. "Secondly, the Board might employ a senior techno- logical research scientist in each major area of the country with the full-time assignment of rapid authori- tative communication of research results to industry, and industry problems to scientists. "And Thirdly, the Fisheries Council might give con- sideration to action required by industry if it is to keep well informed concerning the increasingly voluminous research information which can be applied.'' (Bulletin Kk KOK OK Vol. 26, No. 12 SALMON AND TROUT RESTOCKING PROGRAM IN QUEBEC: The four fish hatcheries of the Department of Tourism, Fish and Game, Province of Que- bec, have been grouped under one administra- tion to intensify the restocking program of Quebec's lakes and streams, in an effort to improve fishing conditions. That section of the Wildlife Branch is now called the Restock- ing Division, and the four stations at Saint- Faustin, Tadoussac, Gaspe, and the Eastern Townships are charged with the responsibility of improving and increasing the fishing stock in all parts of the Province. Another phase of the work is selling of part of the yearly production of eggs to priv- ate hatcheries. Eight species of fish arebred: speckled trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, lake trout, and moulac (splake) trout; salmon, ouananiche, and maskinonge. The speckled trout alone comprise 63 percent of the gross production, salmon about 27 percent, and the other species a little more than 10 percent. In 1962 and 63, the Restocking Division of the Department sold 3,469,000 speckled trout eggs, 112,500 lake trout eggs, and 139,000 salmon eggs. Some 700,000 Atlantic salmon eggs have been exchanged with or given to foreign countries. Early in 1964, the Minis- ter of Tourism, Fish and Game, offered in the name of the Province of Quebec, a gift of 50,000 salmon eggs to the Federation départ- mentale des Associations Frangaises de Péche et de Pisciculture des Cétes-du-Nord. The French Federation received the eggs in a very healthy condition and they were plant- ed in the rivers of Britanny, close to Saint= Malo. There is alarge demandin Europe and the United States for Atlantic salmon eggs and the Canadian Restocking Division exchanges them for brown and rainbow trout eggs. (The At- lantic Salmon Journal, June 1964, No. 2. OK KOK Ok SECTION OF BAY OF FUNDY REOPENED TO HERRING SEINERS: A large section of the New Brunswick side of the Bay of Fundy, which had been closed to herring Sseiners during the summer months and was to have remained closed until Novem- ber 15, 1964, has been reopened for those op= erations, announced the Canadian Fisheries Minister on October 8. The area concerned lies in a northwesterly direction from a line December 1964 Canada (Contd.): connecting Split Rock, in Saint John County, to Gannet Rock Light, which is south of Grand Manan Island in Charlotte County, but does not include Passamaquoddy Bay, north of Campobello and Bliss Islands. This smaller area is permanently closed to herring seiners. Te BASIN A woeala} OCEAN 10} 16 20 30 40 STATUTE MILES ° enh SABLE IS. The Fisheries Minister stated that full analysis had been given to the situation and that the decision to reopen the area at an earlier date had been made after complete consideration of all factors involved. (Ca- nadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Oc- tober 8, 1964.) Ceylon YUGOSLAV-BUILT FISHING TRAWLER DELIVERED: The first of 5 Yugoslav-built fishing trawl- ers was delivered this past fall to Ceylon. The trawlers, which reportedly will cost about US$210,000 each were the subject of a Cey- lonese-Yugoslav long-term loan agreement signed in September 1962. The delivery dates of the remaining four trawlers was not known. cain States Embassy, Colombo, October 2, 1964, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 58. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 Chile NEW FISH MEAL FACTORY PLANNED: A new $1.5 million fish meal plant in Iqui- que is planned by a Chilean manufacturing company which has previously concentrated on paper and pulp interests. The Chilean firm is reported to have received an offer from a Danish company to provide equipment for the new plant under the following terms: 15 percent down with the balance payable in semiannual installments over the 5-year pe- riod following shipment of plant materials and equipment. No bank guarantee would be required. A German firm is said to have made a similar offer. (United States Embas- sy, Santiago, September 22, 1964.) NYS) Congo-Brazzaville FISHERIES EXPANSION BEING CONSIDERED: The commercial fishing and fish market- ing activity of Congo-Brazzaville is centered at that country's seaport city of Pointe-Noire. There are two fish-freezing-canning plants in the city, one of which is financed by a United States tuna-packing firm in association withtwo French com~ panies. The United States-French com~- bine operates a 14,000-tontuna freez- ing and temporary cold-storage plant. Another separate firm (French) cans tuna and pilchard, CONGO (Brozzeville) The Congo-Braz- zaville total fish catch in 1963 amounted to 7,694 metric tons. Sardines are caught off its coast, as well as tuna and pilchard. It appears that Pointe-Noire is thought in some quarters to be a suitable site for addi- tional fishing and canning facilities and the Congo-Brazzaville Government has empha~- sized the need for further economic expan- sion in that area. (United States Embassy, Brazzaville, October 2, 1964.) 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Costa Rica FISHERIES TRENDS, THIRD QUARTER 1964: Pacific Shrimp Fishery: A leading Costa Rican shrimp firm, based at Puntarenas on the west coast, has increased its shrimp fleet to 10 vessels. The firm also buys shrimp at auction from several independent vessels. The company (which has the par- ticipation of a United States investor) exports frozen shrimp to the United States, mainly through Miami, Fla. The firm recently re- ceived a 6-ton shipment of semiautomatic grading and processing equipment, and is also installing increased refrigeration facili- ties in its plant on the Puntarenas Estuary. Pier at Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Two other shrimp firms are located on Costa Rica's Pacific coast. Most of their production is for the domestic market, any surplus being sold to the Puntarenas export- ing firm described above. It is estimated that, on the average, 30 vessels fish for shrimp on Costa Rica's west coast. There is considerable variation in the fleet as ves- sels move from one fishery to another. Caribbean Spiny Lobster Fishery: The spiny lobster fishing industry of Limon Province on Costa Rica's east coast depends on the movements of a migratory spiny lob- ster species (Panulirus argus). Between September and January, gravid females ar- rive along the coast. They are protected by conservation measures. The Costa Rican spiny lobster season in the Caribbean opens when male spiny lobsters start to arrive in October. They arrive from the north, ap- parently following the ocean currents pre- vailing during that time of year. The main harvest lasts from November to February and ordinarily by the middle of March the last spiny lobsters have departed. The size of the migratory population appears to fol- low a cyclical trend, but no accurate data is available to establish the cycle and pre- dict future harvests. Recently a French firm applied to Costa Rica for permission to fish for spiny lob- Vol. 26, No. 12 sters off the Costa Rican east coast, using ocean-going vessels with nets. The company planned to use 3 vessels ranging from 250 to 300 tons. There was strong opposition from local fishermen, and the request of the French firm was denied by the Government of Costa Rica. In early fall 1964, large numbers of spiny lobsters were arriving off Limon, stirring optimism about the 1964/65 season. Marine Turtles: A Japanese visitor was in Costa Rica in early 1964 studying the pos- sibility of expanding the marine turtle fishery. Two new Costan Rican companies were form- ed to participate in the turtle fishery, and the Japanese visitor returned to Japan, reported=- ly to interest Japanese investors in the two companies. (United States Embassy, San Jose, October 2, 1964.) Cuba EXPANDED FISHERIES CLAIMED RESULT OF SOVIET AID: ; The Second Session of the joint Soviet- Cuban Fisheries Commission opened in Mos- cow, September 1, 1964. According to the So- viet Fisheries Minister, who was the principal speaker, the Cuban fishing industry has now been established and is showing excellent re- sults, with fishery landings almost doubled in a few years. He also mentioned the de- velopment, with Soviet help, of a deep-sea fishing fleet and the newly-built processing plants that will make it possible to handle the increased catch and satisfy the Cuban de- mand for fishery products. December 1964 Cuba (Contd.): The meetings of experts which followed the opening session discussed mainly the increas~- ed cooperation in the field of fisheries be- tween Cuba and the Soviet Union during 1965, The most important decisions made at those meetings were: 1, The Soviet Union will make available to Cuban scientists all reports on its fishery research in the Atlantic Ocean, 2. In 1965, two modern fishery research vessels will be sent to Cuba, 3. Over 70 Soviet fishery specialists will go to Cuba to instruct in various phases of the fishing industry. 4, About 100 Cuban students will be sent to the Soviet Union to study in Soviet univer- sities and specialized fishery schools. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1964; June 1963 p. 68. Denmark COPENHAGEN FISHERIES TRADE FAIR HELD IN SEPTEMBER 1964; The Fifth International Fisheries Trade Fair (sponsored by the Danish fishing indus- try) was held September 11-20, 1964, in Co- penhagen, The products displayed by 200 ex- hibitors from 14 countries ranged from elec- tronic fish-detectors to plastic fish contain- ers. Manufacturers of marine motors and fishing nets had the largest number of exhib- its at the Fair. A Swedish manufacturer gave floor demonstrations of several fish-process- ing machines, including one for filleting her- ring. That 2-man machine is said to have a capacity per minute of 250-300 herring (size 64 to 103 inches). The Association of Fish Exporters of Den- mark set up a special desk at the Fair to give visitors information regarding Danish fishery products for export, The Fair attracted more buyers from Ger- many, Norway, and Denmark than any pre- vious Copenhagen fisheries trade fair, although the overall attendance of 36,578 visitors at the Fifth International Fisheries Trade Fair did not match that of the last fair. (Assis- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 tant Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, Septem - ber 30, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 57. a El Salvador FISHERIES TO BE AIDED BY UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND: A 13-man team of fishery experts is ex- pected to arrive in El Salvador early in 1965 = ~ = = G ALR BB EAT) ~ SyEtA! CABO DE HONOURAS a / wif? Lies, ( =e ili ey, TEGUCIGALPA Es “tktttigg : oy oats i ff & / a Pnypllttt a (Poe es a) san af 45 Z gq * F pe are” p® Z G to provide technical assistance to the local fishing industry. The teamis apart of a US$1.5 million six-year assistance program to Cen- tral America to be financed from the United Nations Special Fund, The program was drawn up at the request of the Ministers of Agriculture of the five Central American coun- tries earlier this year, It is understood that one of the projects to be carried out will be an 18-months survey of deep-water shrimp resources, | Red Shrimp Fishery: El Salvador's Min- ister of Economy has announced that licenses to engage in deep-sea red=shrimp fishing will not be granted to individuals, but only to com- panies or corporations, The Ministry's de- cision reportedly was based on the large in- vestment needed to engage in red-shrimp fish- ing. To encourage the immediate start ofsuch a fishery, the Ministry is prepared to grant two-year concessions to local operators to lease United States or Mexican vessels, After the two-year trial period, the local companies are expected to be in a position to acquire their own vessels or equipment, According to a Ministry official, there is considerable investor interest, both local and foreign, in a red-shrimp industry. 92 El Salvador (Contd.): Tuna Fishery: The El Salvador Govern- ment has been disappointed at the lack of pro- gress in developing a local tuna fishing indus= try. Although a considerable number of local investors had applied for and been granted li- censes to engage in tuna fishing, no such fish- ing had been done as of this past fall, and most of the licenses granted expired or be- came invalid because of noncompliance with the terms of issuance which required the be- ginning of tuna fishing within six months after authorization, The Government feels that one reason for the lack of progress is the high cost of the vessel and equipment needed for tuna fishing. Another reason may be the lack of facilities to handle and process the tuna that might be caught. There have been rumors from time to time of the establishment of tuna-canning facilities in the country, but nothing has mate- rialized. In this connection, however, the Salvadoran Industrial Development Institute (INSAFI) conducted and completed a market and feasibility study for a tuna canning oper- ation and positive developments may be forth- coming, Fresh-Water Fishery: This past July, the Pisciculture Section of the Ministry of Agri- culture released a little over 4,000 Tilapia mozambica in El Salvador's three principal rivers, There were some reports that there was a shortage of fish in Lake Coatepeque and that it created an economic hardship to some 300 to 400 fishermen who earn their livelihood from the lake. Supposed spokesmen for the fishermen reported that the fish catch in the lake has been declining steadily since the Gov- ernment planted about 400 Mojarra azul (Ci- chlasoma guttulatum) about five years ago. The spokesmen recommended that the Gov- Sauer cise plant Guapote tigre (Chichlesone ma- naguense) and Lobina negra (Micropteros salmoides) instead, The Government insists that the fish it planted is not carnivorous and that the two species recommended are, The controversy was reported to be basi- cally the old one of sport fishing versus com- mercial fishing. The so-called spokesmen for the fishermen did not gain their livelihood from fishing, it was reported, and were inter- ested in having the lake stocked with game fish for their own personalbusiness reasons. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 The Government was said to have produced several fishermen who said they make a rea- sonable living catching and sellingthe Mojarra azul, There was no overall shortage of fis in the lake, they said, just a shortage of game fish. (United States Embassy, San Salvador, September 30, 1964.) Fiji Islands EX-VESSEL TUNA PRICES AT JAPANESE BASE: The following ex-vessel prices as of early October 1964 were being paid for top quality long-line caught tuna landed at the Japanese tuna base located at Levuka, Fiji Islands: GE Ee /Kq. | US$/Short Ton 110 277 Yellowfin (gilled & qutted): Small (10-36 kg.}/ ..... eee (36-45 Kg. as La BigEeged (Gales e gutted). over 15 k Bluefin (gilled & gutted) . 1/22-79 lbs. 2/7999 lbs. 3/Over 99 lbs. 4/Over 33 lbs. The above prices were to be effective Au- gust 12-December 31, 1964. The price of se- cond quality fish was one-half that for top quality fish. All prices are subject to negoti- ation after December 31, 1964, if changes in price structure should occur before that date at other nearby tuna bases (e. g., American Samoa and New Hebrides). (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 11, 1964.) De ‘it France HERRING IMPORTS FROM OTHER EEC COUNTRIES SUBJECT TO MINIMUM PRICE REGULATIONS: complicated mechanism to withhold French import licenses from herring offerings from other European Economic Community (EEC) countries, after prices in the French market sink below a stated minimum for 3 successive days, has been established by France (Journal Officiel, September 23, 1964). The new system is to be in effect from Sep- tember 23, 1964, until February 15,1965, and may be extended for an additional period. December 1964 France (Contd.): In a letter to the EEC Commission, the French Government had previously noted that large herring imports from the other EEC countries were disturbing the local herring market and endangering the financial struc- ture of the French fishing industry. It was further noted that herring from the Nether- lands had been offered at 0,35 French franc per kilogram (about 3 U.S. cents a pound) free at France's border, while the average price for French herring varied from 0.70 to 1 franc a kilogram (6.5 to 9 cents a pound), About 24 percent of France's herring im- ports in 1963 were from the Netherlands, A report of the Netherlands Ministry of Agri- culture and Fisheries shows that Dutch ex- ports of fresh herring to France amounted to 6,200 metric tons with a value of about F1,2.4 million (US$662,000) in 1963 as compared with exports to all countries totaling 21,748 tons worth about F1.14.7 million ($4.1 mil- lion), Also, in 1963 the Netherlands exported to France 4,433 tons of salted herring valued at Fl.2.7 million ($745,000), and 1,468 tons of mackerel worth F1.617,000 ($170,000). The new price maintenance and import regulation program will probably be confined to herring, because French fishermen are not as sensitive to imports ofother species, Tuna, for example, is importedin sizable quantities, but it is more easily absorbed by the local market. Another reason that the French Gov- ernment might be reluctant to extend the pro- gram is that herring enter France only at Boulogne-Sur-Mer, and thus price control services need be established only at that port. However, extending the scheme to include other fish, and thus other ports of entry and sale, would require a new government serv= ice to observe and control prices; an oper- ation considered technically feasible but very expensive to administer, (United States Em- bassy, Paris, October 15, 1964, and United States Embassy, The Hague, September 15, 1964.) ‘Notes: (1) Netherlands florin (or guilder) 3.613 equal US$1.00. (2) French franc 4.90 equal US$1,00. Kok KK ok FRANCE SETS MINIMUM PRICES ON HERRING IMPORTS: The French Government recently inform- ed the European Economic Community Com- mission (EEC) and its five EEC partners that starting September 21, 1964, minimum prices COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 for imported herring would be applied, Ina letter to the EEC Commission, the French ; Government noted that large herring imports from the other EEC countries were disturb- ing the local herring market and endangering the financial structure of the French fishing industry. It was further noted that herring from the Netherlands had been offered at0.35 French franc per kilogram (about 3 U.S, cents a pound) free at France's border, while the average price for French herring varied from 0.70 to 1 franc a kilogram (about 6.5 to 9 cents a pound), About 24 percent of France's herring im- ports in 1963 were from the Netherlands, A report of the Netherlands Ministry of Agri- culture and Fisheries shows that Dutch ex- ports of herring to France amounted to 6,200 metric tons witha value ofabout F1.2.4 mil- lion (US$662,000) in 1963 as compared with ex- ports to all countries totaling 21,748 tons worth about F1,14.7 million ($4.1 million), Al- so, in 1963 the Netherlands exported to France 4,433 tons of salted herring valued at F1.2.7 million ($745,000), and 1,468 tons of macker- el worth F1,617,000 ($170,000), The Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries had not yet received the French "declaration of intent'' and was unable to com- ment on which products would be affected by the French move, Note: One Florin or guilder equals $0,276. One French franc equals $0.204. German Democratic Repubic FISHING FLEET PLANNED FOR ATLANTIC FISHERIES: e Institute of High Sea Fishing at Ros- tock-Marienehe in East Germany has begun intensive scientific preparations aimed at an early entry of the East German fishing fleet into the Northwest and Southwest Atlantic "Tropik"-class large stern trawler and freezer. 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW German Democratic Republic (Contd.): fisheries. As the basis for this work, the In- stitute is relying heavily on Soviet and Polish scientific fishery literature dealing with those two Atlantic fishing areas. (Le Marin, August 28, 1964.) ve East Germany's delivery of 65 "Tropik" class vessels (stern trawlers and freezers) for the Soviet Union is to be completed by 1965. From available information, it seems that Hast Germany will continue the construc- tion of ''Tropik''-class fishing vessels for her own fleet, after fulfilling the contract with the Soviets. ) Ghana LARGE TRAWLER BUILT BY JAPAN: The first of 10 stern trawlers contracted for delivery to a Ghana fishing corporation was completed at a shipyard in Japan. It is being equipped for its maiden voyage at the port of Tobata. The 1,980-gross-ton vessel will be manned by 25 Japanese nationals who will train Ghanaian nationals in the vessel's operation and in fishing techniques. The vessel's specifications are: length-- 72 meters (236 feet); beam--12.5 meters (41 feet); speed--14,6 knots. The second trawler for delivery to Ghana was scheduled for completion in late Novem- ber 1964, (Minato Shimbun, October 13,1964.) Note: Earlier press reports indicated Ghana had contracted for delivery of twelve 1,800-ton trawlers. Greece FREEZER-TRAWLER LANDINGS AND FISHERY TRENDS, JULY 1964: Landings: The Greek fleet of refrigerated trawlers and carrier vessels operating in the Atlantic landed 2,335 metric tons of frozen fish in Greek ports in July 1964. That was about the same as the 2,343 tons landed in June 1964, but much above the 801 tons landed in July 1963. Greek frozenfishlandings during January- July 1964 amounted to 11,985 tons, compared Vol. 26, No. 12 RG 0s As) q ALGERIA oo NF with landings of 10,396 tons inthe same period of 1963, and 8,672 tons in the first 7 months of 1962. Atlantic Explorator pe Project: It has been reported that the Fisheries epart- ment of the Greek Government will charter a freezer-trawler for exploratory fishing in the Atlantic. The Greek Government will contrib- ute Dr 2.5 million (US$83,333) of the Dr 3.0 million ($100,000) needed for the exploratory operation, The remaining Dr 0.5 million ($16,667) will be contributed by the Greek freezer-trawler companies. A primary ob- jective of the project is to locate new trawling grounds. (Alieia, August 1964.) Notes: (1) Greek drachma 30.0 equals US$1.00. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov. 1964 p, 84. Greenland FISHING RIGHTS AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH FAROE ISLANDS: Revision of the fisheries agreement be- tween the local governments of Greenland and the Faroe Islands was signed in Godthaab, NORTH POLE CaRcTic ciRSLE. — ~~ ICELAND FAROE 1S.- %e, ee all y 4 CANADA: ATLANTIC OCEAN GREATA. TA - BRI 2 NEWFOUNDLAND December 1964 Greenland (Contd.): Greenland, on September 19, 1964, The rev- ision grants the Faroese the rights to estab- lish and maintain until 1975 another fisheries station in East Greenland and continues the present rights of Greenlanders to fish in Far- oese waters, The new agreement falls far short of meet- ing the demands of the two parties. The Green- landers originally insisted that the Faroese should close their fisheries stations in Green- land and land their catches at the new local Greenland fish plants, while the Faroese want- ed fishing rights in Greenland waters equal to those granted resident vessels. Both demands were dropped in the final agreement, (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 23, 1964) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 57, pen HERRING EX-VESSEL PRICES SET: Effective October 1, 1964, minimum ex- Iceland vessel prices for south and west coast herring|{ were set by the Icelandic Fishing Industries Price Committee as follows: (1) Herring for freezing, salting, and fillet- ing--Kr.1.70 per kilo (1.79 U.S. cents per pound), (2) Iced herring for export or for canning-- Kr.1.55 per kilo (1.63 U.S. cents per pound), (3) Herring for reduction--Kr,1.02 per kilo (1.07 U.S. cents per pound), (4) Herring for animal feed--Kr,1.25 per kilo (1.32 U.S. cents per pound), The prices are for herring delivered to transport vehicles at dockside. In the case of herring for reduction, vessel owners are ask- ed to deliver the catch directly to the factory, and they receive a small additional payment to cover transportation charges. In addition to the above minimum prices, the price for small herring (5-19 herring per kilo) caught from March 1 to September 30, 1965, for freezing was fixed at Kr.1.27 per kilo (1.34 U.S, cents per pound), COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 The new prices represent a considerable change from 1963, The comparable minimum ex-vessel price in 1963 for herring for salting was Kr.1.42 per kilo (1.50 U.S, cents per pound) and for herring for filleting it was Kr.1.12 per kilo (1.18 U.S, cents per pound), The ex-ves- sel price for herring for freezing in 1963 was Kr.1.84 per kilo (1.94 U.S. cents per pound), The 1964 freezing price is down 7,6 percent from the previous year, but the 1964 salting and filleting prices are considerably above comparable 1963 prices, (United States Em- bassy, Reykjavik, October 6, 1964.) Note: Icelandic Kronur 43,06 equal US$1,00. FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-MAY 1964: aS ee Eee EE EEE : Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight, Source: Aegir, September 1, 1964. OK OK OK OK FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-JUNE 1964 anuary -june MV 194, 663 26,003 6, 810 3, 851 10,942 drawn weight. Source: Hagtidindi, September 1964 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Iceland (Contd.): UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-MAY 1964:' How Utilized Oil and meal Freezing .... Salting .....-. Fresh onice .... Groundfish 2/ for: Fresh on ice ....eee Freezing and filleting. . SaltingW. ee) 1s) «licens Stockfish (dried unsalted). Canning. ».......e- Home consumption . Oil and meal.... Capelin for: Freezing. « .e« Oil and meal. . Freshonice , Freezing. . . 1/ Whole fish. 2/ Drawn fish. Source: Aeqir, September 1, 1964 % ok oe ok UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-JUNE 1964; How Utilized » - (Metric Tons). . Oil and meal. . . 146,766 103, 216 Freezing. .. . « 11,161 19, 153 Salting ..... A 3,231 7,475 Fresh on ice .. - 5,617 Groundfish 2/ for: Fresh on ice ....e. Freezing and filleting Saltindgnrevamenate ene Stockfish (dried unsalted) . (CEmnmels Gob obo oda Home consumption. . . « Oiland meal. .....e. Crustacea for: Onjice =... 2... Exeezingewelanel enone Canning. .....-. 1/ Whole fish. 2/ Drawn fish, Source: Haqtidindi, September 1964 Italy ATLANTIC FISHING FLEET, 1964: Early in 1964, the Italian fishing fleet op- erating in the Atlantic consisted of 51 ves- sels, according to the Federazione Nazionale delle Imprese di Pesca. The Italian Atlantic fleet had a combined gross tonnage of about, 24,400 tons. It included 5 vessels of over 1,000 grosstons (totaling 7,500 tons); 10 ves- sels of from 500 to 1,000 gross tons (totaling 6,400 tons); and 36 vessels under 500 gross tons (totaling 10,500 tons). ‘ ‘ BY 4 Typical Italian trawler that fishes in the Atlantic. Larger ones have been built in recent years. In 1964, Halian shipyards were reported to be building for the Atlantic fleet an additional 16 vessels with a combined gross tonnage of 6,500 tons. The new construction includes 4 freezer-trawlers being built in Viareggio and 2 tuna vessels being built in Venice. New Freezer-Trawlers: The 4 freezer- trawlers being built at Viareggio have the following characteristics: length overall 57.46 meters (188.5 feet), length between perpen- diculars 50.55 meters (165.8 feet), draft with full load 3.7 meters (12.1 feet), size of re- frigerated hold 500 cubic meters (654 cubic yards), and gross tonnage 499 tons. Each ves- sel will have a1,065-horsepower engine which will give a speed of 12.5 knots. The 4 freezer-trawlers are designed to op- erate intropical waters. They will each have a -40° C, (-40° F.) quick-freezing plant with a potential capacity of 15 tons every 24 hours, and a cold-storage hold with temperature of -25° C, (-130 F.). They are also equipped with electrical winches, 2 echo-sounders, radiotelephone, and a radar set with a radius of 50 miles. Each vessel has air-conditioned quarters for a crew of 36. The first of the new Viareggio freezer- trawlers was launched April 9, 1964. Pre- fabricated construction methods are speeding the completion of the other three. New Tuna Vessels: The new Atlantic tuna vessels being built in Venice will each have a length of 66 meters (216.5 feet), a main engine of 1,400 horsepower, and a gross ton- nage of about 750 tons. (La Pesca Italiana, December 1964 Italy (Contd.): January and February 1964; Corriere della Pesca, April 1964.) KOK OK OK OK FISH CONSUMPTION: Consumption of fishery products in Italy was estimated at about 5.4 kilograms (11.9 pounds) per capita in 1961 (270,000 metric tons of fish were available for consumption, by 50 million inhabitants). A public opinion study by a research institute has probed further into Italian fish-buying habits. The study was based on a sample of 4,000 families from va- rious regions and social groups. Trentino Alto Adige Friuli-Venetia Giulia Tr eemelnia SEA An area sample (during an average week) showed that 38 percent of the fish-consuming families were in southern Italy, 18 percent in central Italy, 19 percent in northeast Italy, and 25 percent in northwest Italy. The high- est rate of fishery purchases was found inthe island Province of Sardinia. Families on farms and in small towns had lower average fishery purchases than families in cities. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 The survey also showed that young house- wives buy the most fish; half the families in which the housewife was less than 35 were fish consumers, but the ratio dropped to one- third when the housewife was older. (La Pesca Italiana, February 1964.) Japan FROZEN TUNA EXPORT PRICES: Japanese frozen albacore (round) exports from Japan proper to the United States con- tinued slow in early October 1964, with ex- port prices down to US$355-360 a short ton c. &f. Japanese Atlantic-caught albacore delivered to transshipment ports brought a- round $295-300 a short ton. On the other hand, the price of frozen yel- lowfin (gilled and gutted) exported from Japan proper to the United States held steady at $350-355 a short tonc. & f. (Suisan Tsushin, October 12, 1964.) 7 OK OK OK OK EXPORT VALIDATIONS FOR FROZEN TUNA AND TUNA LOINS TO U.S., JANUARY -AUGUST 1963-64: Japan's export validations of frozen tuna and frozen tuna loins to the United States in August 1964 totaled 12,436 short tons. Of that total, 55 percent of the validations were for albacore tuna, 42 percent for yellowfin, 0.5 percent for skipjack, and 2.2 percent for tuna loins. During January-August 1964, Japan's export approvals amounted to 75,755 short tons, an increase of 25,227 tons Japan's Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins to U.S, January-August 1964 with Comparisons Yellowfin: Round Gilled & gutted; 20/100 lbs. 98 Japan (Contd.): or 49.9 percent as compared with 50,528 tons exported dur- ing the same period in 1963. Ona species basis albacore exports were up 82.2 percent, yellowfin 25 percent, skipjack 20.7 percent, and tuna loins 40.3 percent. Big-eyed exports were down 15.6 percent. Frozen tuna approved for export during January-August 1964 amounted to 93.8 percent of the total exported during the entire year in 1963. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, September 19, 1964.) OK ok kk ATLANTIC OCEAN ALBACORE TUNA FISHERY AND MARKET TRENDS: The Japanese albacore tuna fishery in the Atlantic Ocean off Angola, which in past years usually picked up in November, began excep- tionally early this year, with excellent catch- es reported in September 1964. Export prices of Japanese frozen round albacore delivered to West African ports were reported to range from US$295-300 a short ton. On the other hand, exports to Yugoslavia were at $405 a metric tonc.&f., and to Spain $380 a metric tonc.&f. From the standpoint of price, it is reported that it would be more advantageous to deliver tuna to the West African ports than to Spain. (Suis- an Tsushin, September 25, 1964.) 2K OK OK Oe ok TUNA MOTHERSHIP OPERATIONS IN SOUTH PACIFIC: A large Japanese fishing company's tuna mothership Shinyo Maru (3,800 gross tons) accompanied by 45 catcher vessels was scheduled to depart Tokyo on October 3 or 4, 1964, for the tuna fishing grounds off the Fiji Islands. The mothership's catch target is 5,500 metric tons of tuna, spearfish, and shark. That same company's Yuyo Maru (5,500 gross tons) tuna mothership fleet, operating near the Fiji Islands, was reported to have landed 5,700 metric tons of tuna (nearly half yellowfin tuna) and other miscellaneous fish as of September 15, and was expected to re- turn to its home port in Japan. The tuna mothership Nojima Maru (8,800 gross tons) was scheduled to arrive at Kobe on September 28. The mothership, which commenced fishing May 26 in the vicinity of Tahiti, produced 1,974 metric tons of round albacore, 702 metric tons of gilled and gutted COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 yellowfin, and 843 tons of tuna fillets. (Suisan Tsushin, September 26; Suisancho Nippo, Sep= tember 17, 1964.) KKK KK FISHING FIRM GRANTED LICENSE TO FSH WITH PURSE SEINES OFF AFRICA: A license to fish for skipjack tuna and ther fish species off the West Coast of Africa with purse seines was granted to a leading Japanese fishing company, according to Japan's Fishery Agency. In Japan, purse seines are used to catch skipjack, sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, and several other species. Operations of that fishing company will be based at Freetown (Sierra Leone), Abidjan December 1964 Japan (Contd.): (Ivory Coast), and Cape Verde off North- west Africa). Fishing will be conducted by two vessels, the Kuroshio Maru No. 81 and the Kuroshio Maru No. 82 (145 gross tons each). Those vessels were en route to the West African fishing grounds as of mid-Sep~ tember. The Chichibu Maru No. 2 (1,639 gross tons), which will act as the mothership for the fishing vessels, was scheduled to de- part from Japan on September 17. It is reported that the major portion of the skipjack tuna catch will be sold to a United States fish packing firm, now actively en~ gaged in the purchase of fish in West Africa, (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, September 18, 1964.) OR OK OK OK INDIAN OCEAN TUNA TRANSSHIPMENT PORTS DESIGNATED: Durban, South Africa, and Port Louis, Mauritius Island, were formally designated as transshipment ports for the Indian Ocean by the Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers Association at an executive meeting in Tokyo, October 12, 1964. Each of the two ports was granted frozen tuna export quotas of 2,000 metric tons. (Suisancho Nippo, October 14, 1964.) OK KKK LONG-LINE TUNA FISHERIES CATCH, 1963: The 1963 catch of Japan's tuna long~-line fisheries totaled 532,000 metric tons (0.4 percent less than in 1962) and comprised7.9 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 percent of total fish landings, according to statistics released by the Fisheries Statistics Section, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. By species, the catch of yellowfin and albacore declined, respectively, 19,000 and 7,000 tons while the catch of bluefin and big-eyed in- creased, respectively, 11,000 and 3,000 tons. By fishing grounds, the catch in the Pacific Ocean totaled 322,000 tons (down 10,000 tons), Atlantic Ocean 110,000 tons (up 13,000 tons), and Indian Ocean 100,000 tons (down 24,000 er (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 7, 1964. HOOK OK OK UNIVERSITY'S STUDY OF ATTRACTING DEEP-SWIMMING ALBACORE TUNA TO SURFACE: The Tokai University of Japan announced in October 1964 the results of eight years of field testing different methods of attracting deep-swimming albacore tuna to the surface where they can be fished with pole-and-line gear. The study revealed that trolling a line to which 50-60 artificial (vinyl) squid and octopus are attached is very effective in at- tracting albacore to the surface, even to the stern of vessels. Hooks are not used, there- by avoiding the danger of hooked albacore escaping and scaring away the fish school. There were some schools that could not be lured to the surface without chumming with live bait (sardines) and the laboratory is now planning to experiment with artificial sardine lures next year. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 9, 1964.) a EX-VESSEL BLUEFIN TUNA PRICES IN NORTHERN JAPAN: A 172-pound fresh prime bluvefin tuna land- ed at the port of Shiogama, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, brought the fabulous price of 2,260 yen a kilogram (US$5,696 a short ton). The blue- fin was caught by a two-boat purse-seiner off the Sanriku coast. At Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, 150 small fresh bluefin brought prices ranging from 500-787 yen a kilogram ($1,260-1,973 a short ton). (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 14, 1964.) me kK ste oe ok 100 Japan (Contd.): CANNED SALMON EXPORT PRICES: The Japanese salmon mothership compa- nies and trading firms have agreed on prices of 118 shillings (US$16.52) a case for 48 3- lb. cans and 140 shillings ($19.60) a case for 96 ¢-lb. eans f.o.b. Japan for canned silver: salmon for export to Great Britain. The price, which includes three shillings ($0.42) for promotion, was scheduled to be formally passed onby the Canned Salmon Sales Company on October 18, 1964. Reportedly, agreement was reached on an export price of 160 shillings ($22.40) a case (48 3-lb. cans) f.0.b. Japan for red salmon, but formal adoption of that price was not ex- pected until early October. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 27, 1964. OK OK OK OK JAPANESE CANNED SALMON SALE TO GREAT BRITAIN: The Japanese Canned Salmon Sales Com- pany, on October 19, 1964, released for the second sale to Great Britaina total of 156,000 cases of canned (fancy) red salmon, consist- ing of about 118,000 cases of 48 $-pound cans and 38,000 cases of 4-pound cans. Sales were to be concluded by the end of December 1964. Canned red salmon sales for export to Great Britain, including the previous sale, as of mid- Japanese Export Canned Salmon Prices, c.i.f. Great Britain, 1964 Can and Second Sale Case Size (Price Per Case). ...... 153/6 99/3 October totaled 550,000 cases of 48 $-pound cans and 200,000 cases of 4-pound cans. (Suisan Tsushin, October 20, 1964.) OK OK OK POSTPONEMENT REQUESTED IN SALE OF ALASKA SALMON: Representatives of the Hokkaido (Japan) coastal fishery operators and trap-net opera- tors petitioned the Fisheries Agency to post- pone the release on the Japanese market of "poor -quality'' salted salmon purchased from Prince William Sound, Alaska. They feared COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.12 it would adversely affect the sale of domestic- caught salmon. Approximately 1,080 metric tons of Alaska salmon found unsuitable for canning (for export) were reported to have been salted for sale on the Japanese domestic market. (Suisan Tsushin, October 12, 1964.) mK 3 oe OOK ok EX-DOCK PRICE FOR CHUM SALMON: The beach or ex-dock price of fall chum salmon in Hokkaido, Japan, on September 15, 1964, reached a high of 500 yen a kilogram (US$0.63 a pound) for females and 300 yena kilogram ($0.38 a pound) for males. On Sep- tember 17, the price declined to 470 yena kilogram ($0.59 a pound) for females and 250 yen a kilogram ($0.32 a pound) for males. The chum salmon are being processed as "Aramaki'' (lightly salted salmon) for the New Year's trade. (Minato Shimbun, Septem- ber 29, 1964.) Note: The fall chum salmon trap fishery in Japan begins general- ly in mid-September and peaks in October. Female salmon com- mand high prices because of their roe, which is highly prized in Japan. % OK OK OK 3k MORE TRAWLERS TO FISH IN GULF OF ALASKA: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is plan- ning on authorizing the operation of 3 to 4 ad- ditional trawlers in the Gulf of Alaska in 1965. This will increase the Japanesetrawl operations in the Gulf to a total of 10 vessels, including the 6 trawlers presently authorized to conduct experimental operations in that area. The Agency is also planning on estab- lishing the Gulf of Alaska trawl fishery as a regular licensed fishery, depending on the outcome of the Annual Meeting of the Interna-= tional Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commis- sion which convened in Tokyo, November 16, 1964. (Suisan Tsushin, October 12, 1964.) OK KK Ok BERING SEA BOTTOMFISH CATCH, 1964: A study made by the Japan Northern Wa- ters Bottomfish Mothership Council reveals that the Bering Sea catch of the 14 mother~- ship-type bottomfish fleets, as of September 20, 1964, totaled 394,000 metric tons, far ex- ceeding the 1963 catch of 311,000 metric tons. Alaska pollock (117,000 metric tons), flatfish (88,000 tons), herring (42,000 tons), and rock- fish (38,000 tons) led the landings. Catch of halibut (2,000 tons) and sablefish (6,000 tons) was poor as compared to other years. December 1964 Japan (Contd.): Typical Japanese trawler operating with the Tenyo Mam mother- ship fleet in the Bering Sea. Most of the 14 fleets as of late September 1964 had terminated their operations. The motherships Tenyo Maru (11,581 gross tons), Seifu Maru (8,269 gross tons), Itsukushima Maru (5,871 gross tons), Taiyo Maru No, 82 (2,890 gross tons), and the Gyokuei Maru (10,357 gross tons) were en route to Japan. The Soyo Maru (11,192 gross tons) and the Hoyo Maru (14,094 gross tons) were sched- uled to depart the fishing grounds by the end of September. Only the Chichibu Maru (7,420 gross tons), which is licensed to fish the year round, remained on the grounds. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 25, 1964.) So SES GEE STERN TRAWLERS TO FISHIN BERINGSEA: A Japanese fishing company (affiliated with a larger fishing company) planned to dispatch the 2,900-ton stern trawler Taiyo Maru No. 82 to the Bering Sea on November 1, 1964. The stern trawler (accompanied by one small trawler) was scheduled to operate between Umnak Island and Unimak Island until the end of December. Another firm's newly constructed 3,500- ton stern trawler Aso Maru (accompanied by one 300-ton trawler) was scheduled to depart from Tobata for the Bering Sea on October 11. That trawler is equipped with canning and shrimp peeling equipment. (Suisancho Nippo, sero enen 10; Minato Shimbun, September 9, 1964. se oe see ee eaeage ore ee COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 BERING SEA FISH MEAL PRODUCTION, 1964: The four Japanese factoryships which en- gaged in fish-meal operations in the Eastern Bering Sea in 1964 produced a combined total of 49,430 metric tons of meal, exceeding their original combined target by about 4,000 met- ric tons. They primarily used Alaska pollock (80 percent of raw material utilized) for meal. herent y Lf, gbook of the mothership Gyokuei Typical fishing lo Mar. Production by fleets was as follows: Gyo- kuei Maru (10,357 gross tons)--16,000 metric tons; Hoyo Maru (14,094 gross tons)--14,930 tons; Tenyo Maru (11,581 gross tons)--11,500 tons; and Soyo Maru (11,192 gross tons)-- 7,000 tons. (Suisan Tsushin, October 13, 1964.) OK OK KK FIRM WITHDRAWS TRAWLER FACTORYSHIP FROM NORTHWEST ATLANTIC: A large Japanese fishing company has with- drawn from the Northwest Atlantic the 3,500- ton trawler-factoryship Tenyo Maru No. 3. The trawler-factoryship (accompanied by two 300-ton trawlers) operated in the Northwest Atlantic for about one year on an experimen- tal basis, but the owners have reached the conclusion that factoryship-type trawl opera- tions are unsuitable for that area. The Tenyo Maru terminated operations on October 20, 1964, and was scheduled to arrive in Japan around mid-December. The owners are ex- ploring the possibility of operating several 350- to 500-ton trawlers in that region from a fishing base in Newfoundland, Canada, 102 Japan (Contd.): A second Japanese fishing firm (which op- erated the stern trawler Aoi Maru, 1,386 gross tons, on an experimental basis for ap- proximately two years) withdrew its vessel at the end of July 1964, due to losses suffered from that venture. The trawler was sold to Greece and will operate in the waters off West Africa out of Las Palmas, Canary Is- lands. (Suisan Tsushin, October 20, 1964.) KOA OK OK OK NEW STERN TRAWLER FOR AFRICAN WATERS: A new stern trawler, the Oshika Maru (3,000 gross tons), was completed by a Japa- nese Shipyard and delivered to the Ojika Fish- ermen's Production Association in Japan which plans to operate the vessel in African waters. The vessel has an extensive automation and remote control system for her main pro- pulsion and auxiliary machinery and is Diesel- powered for a maximum of 3,500 b. hp. Trial runs of the vessel registered 15.94 knots per hour. The stern-engine design of the vessel was chosen because of certain operational ad- vantages, such as torsional vibration of the shaft, and also because of the fish hold capa- city, and capacity of water and petroleum tanks, as well as drafts at stern and bow of the vessel. The vessel's main dimensions are: length between perpendiculars 285 feet 4 inches; moulded breadth 48 feet 9 inches; moulded depth 23 feet 5 inches; draft (designed full load) 19 feet 7 inches. The wheelhouse has a 360° field of vision which not only enables the men on the bridge to exercise concentrated supervision of fishing operations but also makes possible the observation of its trawl winch operated from a command position astern. The vessel is equipped with radar and latest type fish finder, has a loran receiver, and various navigational instruments for safe and efficient vessel operation. Fish holds and processing facilities are located between decks starting from the vessel's stern--fish processing plant, cold-storage and freezer room, lobby and fish holds, in that order. Living accommodations for the crew are in the forward area of the upper deck. (News- letter of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) Ok ok ok Ok COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 USE OF OKINAWANS ON TRAWLERS UNDER STUDY: The Nihon Isei Sokobikiami Kyokai (East China Sea Trawl Operators Association of Japan) is exploring the possibility of employ- ing Okinawan fishermen to sail on the vessels operated by members of the Association. Re- portedly, the East China Sea trawl operators, like vessel owners engaged in other fisheries in Japan, are experiencing great difficulty at- tracting young men into the fishery. The shortage of fishing labor force in Ja- pan is becoming acute. Young people, at- tracted by the land-based industries, are not interested in engaging in fishing. Those that engage in fisheries prefer to be connected with the large fishing companies. To alleviate the fishing labor force short- age, consideration at one time was given to the possible employment of South Koreans. The idea was not feasible due to existing polit- ical, legal, and social relations between South Korea and Japan. A study made by a member of the Trawl Operators Association on the Okinawan fish- ing labor force indicated that the Okinawan fisheries are also faced with a labor shortage but the shortage is nowhere near as acute as that in Japan. The study showed that working conditions and facilities on Japanese vessels are superior to those on Okinawan vessels. Also, the living standard of Japanese fisher= men is higher. For example, the average in- come of a Japanese fisherman sailing on a trawler operating in the East China Sea a- mounts to 50,000 yen (US$139) a month as compared to an Okinawan trawl fisherman's monthly average income of 30,000 ($83). Fur- thermore, the Okinawans are not only good fisherman but have close political and social ties with Japan. For those reasons, the As- sociation feels the idea of employing Okina=- wan fishermen has much merit and plans to study the matter carefully. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 22, 1964, and other sources.) 7 Ok OK OK 3K ALUMINUM FISH HOLD FOR FISHING VESSEL: The leading Japanese aluminum manufac- turer has been awarded a contract to construct an aluminized fish hold for the Chiba Prefec= tural Government's tuna fishery guidance ves- Boso Maru (500 gross tons). Extensive tests conducted by the manufacturer have shown aluminum to be absolutely safe for use in con- December 1964 Japam (Contd.): structing fish holds. Advantages cited are the lightness of the metal, better fish-holding quality, and improved sanitation. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 20, 1964.) eee JAPAN EXTERNAL TRADE PROMOTION ORGANIZATION ASSIGNS AGENT IN AMERICAN SAMOA: JETRO (Japan External Trade Promotion Organization) has assigned an agent in Amer- ican Samoa for the first time. The newagent, JETRO's former agent at Long Beach, was scheduled to leave for Samoa in Octok>r 1964, The Japanese Government and the Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation are sharing expenses equally for the maintenance of JETRO's office in Samoa. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 9, 1964.) CANNED SHRIMP EXPORTS TO GREAT BRITAIN: Two of Japan's major fishing companies, which operate shrimp factoryships in the Eastern Bering Sea, are reported to be de- veloping plans to increase their exports of canned shrimp to Great Britain. Japanese 1963 exports of canned shrimp to Great Britain totaled 71,000 cases and to the United States 390,000 cases. In 1964 ex- ports to Great Britain are expected to total over 100,000 cases, while exports to the United States are expected to decline by 130,000 cases. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Oc- tober 7, 1964.) FIRM EXPERIMENTING WITH CANNED HAKE: A Japanese fishing company has been ex- perimenting with canning merluza (hake) caught by its trawlers operating off South Africa. The firm was reported to have set- tled on one product--hake packed in oil. That firm was conducting taste tests and planned to to market that product in Japan in the fall of 1964, (Suisancho Nippo, September 18, 1964.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 COUNCIL FORMED OF JAPANESE LONG-LINE SEA BREAM FISHERY OPERATORS OFF NEW ZEALAND: Of the 22 Japanese fishing firms engaged in longline fishing for sea bream off New Zealand, 14 formed (on October 12, 1964) an organiza- tion called the "Council of Longline Fishery Operators Engaged in New Zealand Offshore Sea Bream Fishery."' The objectives of that organization are to: (1) eliminate violations of New Zealand territorial waters by Japa- nese long-line operators; and (2) promote unity and cooperation among the fishery op- erators in achieving a balance between catch effort and availability, in order to stabilize the fishery and to conserve the resources. The New Zealand offshore long-line sea bream fishery was first developed by one Japanese fishing company in the summer of 1963. Later, an increasing number of Japa- nese vessels began to converge on that fish- ing ground and violations of New Zealandter- ritorial waters by Japanese fishing vessels also began to mount. This resulted in protests being lodged with Japan by that country. In view of the frequency of such infractions, the Japanese Fisheries Agency was planning on sending the vessel Toko Maru to the New Zealand waters in mid-October to patrol Jap- anese fishing activities. (Suisan Tsushin, October 14; Nihon Suisan Shimbun, October 14; and other sources. VIEWS ON 43RD FAO COUNCIL: The 43rd Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion (FAO) Council, scheduled to convene in Rome, October 5, 1964, had 27 items on the agenda. Two related to fisheries: (1) the strengthening of the FAO Fisheries Division, and (2) the rational utilization of Atlantic tuna resources, On September 25, Japan's Fisheries Agency firmed its position on those two agenda items, The Agency planned to support the proposal to strengthen the FAO Fisheries Division, but held that the formation of an international re- search organization (like the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission) as proposed by the United States is not necessary. Instead, the Japanese feel that each concerned country should conduct investigations on its ownthrough an exchange of data, and the establishment of some form of organization connected with that type of research would not be positively op- 104 Japan (Contd.): posed by Japan. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep- tember 26, 1964.) te 3K Ok 3K ok FISHING COMPANY EXECUTIVE EXPECTED TO VISIT MEXICO: The Vice President of a large Japanese fishing firm was scheduled to depart for Mex- ico in late October 1964 to discuss with Mex- ican interests the establishment of a joint fish- ery enterprise in that country. The Japanese firm hopes to establish a joint whaling venture in Mexico and expand its operations to shrimp fishing in the future. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, September 25, 1964. Republic of Korea FISHERIES TRENDS, THIRD QUARTER 1964: Japanese-Korean Fisheries Talks: In early August 1964, the Japanese Foreign Min- ister and the Korean Ambassador to Japan met to discuss the resumption of fisheries talks between the two countries. After their meeting, it was reported that the Minister and the Ambassador had agreed to resume the fisheries talks in Tokyo in September 1964. The Japanese Minister is also report- ed to have said that the Japanese Government would try to expedite economic assistance to Korea and to increase imports of farm and fishery products from Korea in order to help balance trade between the two countries. (The Korea Times, August 7, 1964.) Typical trawler now fishing for Korea, but that country is now expanding its fleet to larger vessels. (Editor's Note: Early in 1964, it appeared that normal relations between the two coun- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 tries might be resumed this year if agreement could be reached on fisheries conservation regions, areas for Korea's exclusive fishing, and the amount and type of fisheries coopera tion loans that Japan would provide. The talks on fisheries problems were suspended in the spring of 1964 before final agreement was reached. The Japanese are reported to object to the Korean prohibition of Japanese fishing inside the ''Peace Line,’ which extends at some points as much as 80 miles from Korea's shores. The Japanese have proposed substituting an exclusive Korean fishing zone extending not more than 12 nautical miles from shore. Ne- gotiations have also focused on details regard- ing the delineation and establishment of a fish- eries conservation zone in which fishing would be jointly restricted. Other practices under discussion when the negotiations were suspend- ed in the spring included the type of equipment and number of vessels to be allowed in those conservation areas. Normal relations with Japan could have an important effect on Korea's fishing industry. Japanese technical and economic assistance could help modernize the Korean fishing indus- try and increased Japanese imports from Ko-=- rea could sharply expand Korean fishery ship= ments. Shrimp Farming: A total of 800,000 white shrimp were reared by a Korean shrimp farm near Taechon (on the west coast) in its first attempt at cultivation of shrimp. In mid-1964, it was reported that the artificially-reared white shrimp would reach a size of 6 inches by September 1964 when they would be sold to Japan. The shrimp farm expects to expand its rearing area from 16 acres to 62 acres. (The Korea Times, July 17, 1964.) Oceanography: The Korean Hydrographic Office has decided to participate in an inter~ national program of research on the Kuroshio Current, which is one of the main arteries in the circulation of the Pacific Ocean. It moves warm water from the Equator northward past Formosa and Japan and thence eastward across to the American coast, performing functions similar to those of the Gulf Stream in the At= lantic. Korean officials said that since the warm current houses large quantities of fish, scien- tific research is needed to assist the fishing industry. They said that the nations interested December 1964 Republic of Korea (Contd.): in the planned 4-year study of the Kuroshio Current are China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, United States, U.S.S.R., and Vietnam. (The Korea Times, August 7, 1964.) 7 OK OK OK 3K VESSEL SPECIFICATIONS OF FISHING FLEET ORDERED FROM FRANCE: A fleet of fishing vessels is to built by an Italian-French consortium for the Korea Ma- rine Industry Development Corporation under a contract signed January 21, 1963, and a- mended December 11, 1963, and February 3, 1964. Under the amended contract, the French members of the consortium will build 76 vessels for Korea, including 10 side trawlers of 130 gross registered tons (g.r.t.); 61 tuna long-line vessels of 140 g.r.t.; 2 stern trawl- ers of 200 g.r.t.; 2 stern trawlers of 1,300 g.r.t.; and a research and training vessel of 300 g.r.t. The 10 side trawlers will be built at Bor- deaux. Half of them will have gallows on the port side and the other half will have gallows on the starboard side to enable them to trawl in pairs. Each side trawler will have the fol- lowing main dimensions: length overall 89.2 feet, breadth (molded) 20.7 feet, and depth (molded) 11.8 feet. Each side trawler will have a fish-hold capacity of 4,062 cubic feet, and each will be equipped with a main Diesel engine developing 460 b. horsepower. The order for 61 tuna long-line vessels from France is shared by shipyards at Bor- deaux (16 vessels), Le Havre (26 vessels), La Rochelle (11 vessels), Nantes (4 vessels), and Dieppe (4 vessels). Delivery will be spread between February 1965 and October 1966. The tuna vessels will have the following main dimensions: length overall 98.4 feet, breadth (molded) 21.3 feet, depth (molded) 10.2 feet, and fish-hold capacity 4,238 cubic feet (the fish will be stored on ice), Each of the vessels will be equipped with a 460-b. horsepower Diesel engine. The two 200-ton stern trawlers will be built by a shipyard at Dieppe for delivery in April and July 1966, and will have the follow- ing main dimensions: length overall 105 feet, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 breadth (molded) 23.7 feet, depth (molded) 12.4 feet, and fish-hold capacity 4,769 cubic feet (fish will be preserved on ice), Each of the vessels will be equipped with a 640-b. horsepower Diesel engine. The two 1,300-ton stern trawlers will be built at Nantes and delivered in December 1965 and March 1966. Both vessels will have freezing facilities and each will have a length overall of 253.7 feet. Other dimensions will be: length between perpendiculars 217.2 feet, breadth (molded) 37.1 feet, depth to maindeck 17.4 feet, depth to upper deck 25.3 feet, and load- ed displacement 1,946 tons. the frozen fish hold of each vessel will have a capacity of 31,784 cubic feet. A Diesel engine developing 2,500 horsepower will give each vessel a speed of about 14 knots. The 300-ton research and training vessel is to be built at Dieppe and will be delivered in September 1966. It will be designed for stern trawling and oceanographic research work. It will have an overall length of 123.4 feet, breadth (molded) 26.2 feet, depth (molded) 12.4 feet, and a frozen fish-hold capacity of 636 cubic feet. It will be powered by 2 Diesel engines developing a total of 928 horsepower to give the vessel a service speed of 11.5 knots. It will have accommodations for 5 scientists and 24 trainees, in addition to a normal crew. (World Fishing, September 1964.) (Editor's Note: According to previous re- ports, the contract price for the vessels be- ing built in France for Korea ‘is about $18.7 million--not including engines. Marine motors and certain other equipment for the 76 vessels are to be supplied by an Italian group. In ad- dition, the Italian group is to build and outfit a separate fleet of 15 vessels for Korea. The total price of the Italian vessels and supplies amounts to about $17.1 million, bringing the total Korean obligation under the contract with the Italian-French consortium to $35.8 mil- lion.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 62; No- vember 1964 p. 98. PS oe 'Mexico VESSELS LEAVE MAZATLAN TO OPEN SHRIMP FISHING SEASON: Some 260 shrimp fishing vessels left the port of Mazatlan on Mexico's west coast Sep- 106 Mexico (Contd.): tember 23, 1964, for the new shrimp fishing season. About 60 vessels were unable to leave because they were in need of repairs. Early radio reports from the fleet were pes~ simistic indicating shrimp catches were smaller than anticipated. Shrimp fleet at Mazatlan. The disagreement between Mexican vessel owners and fishermen's cooperatives had not been resolved as of early October. It was re- ported that one vessel owner planned to send another six vessels to French Guiana in Oc tober. (Fisheries Attache, United States Em- bassy, Mexico, D. F., October 5, 1964.) OK OK OK CONSTRUCTION OF NEW FISH CANNERY TO BE FINANCED BY SPANISH BUSINESSMEN: A group of Spanish businessmen will in- vest about US$670,000 in the construction of a new fish canning plant at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. The announcement was made by the Banco de Comercio, Mexico City. (The Fishing News, September 18, 1964.) OK OK OK Ok USE OF MANATEE TO CONTROL AQUATIC WEEDS IN LAKES: An experiment in Mexico to overcome the aquatic weed problem at several lakes in- fested with water hyacinth was started in May 1963. Because of the possible usefulness of manatee (Sea cows) in controlling aquatic weeds, the Mexican Government introduced five of them into Lake Chapala, Mexico's largest lake. (Manatee are completely vege= COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 tarian and eat great quantities of weeds.) The project was initiated by Mexico's Fisheries Bureau of the Secretariat of Industry and Commerce in cooperation with the State of Jalisco and the Commission for the Promo- tion of Lake Chapala, One of the manatee was killed shortly after being placed in the lake, but the other 4 were reported to be thriving, according to a Sep= tember 1964 report. Fishermen frequently encounter the manatee and occasionally take them in their nets. One of the manatees was known to be ready to give birth when placed’ in the lake, and fishermen later reported catching and releasing a young one a little over 3 feet long, which is the size at birth. The manatee in Lake Chapala appeared to be feeding on aquatic plants, it was reported, but because the fishermen had cleared most of the hyacinths mechanically, the animals turned to other varieties of plant pests and are expected to switch to hyacinths when that plant again becomes abundant. The cooper~- ating agencies have posted signs explaining the program and requesting people not to molest the manatees. The Mexican Fisheries Bureau considers the project to be experimental. The greatest environmental problem is the lower water temperature. The manatees came from the State of Tabasco which has water temperatures of 79° to 829 F, Lake Chapala's water temp- erature is 68° to 72° F. and is as low as 64° F, in winter. The cooler water may inhibit reproduction. Also, it has not been deter- mined how many animals would be needed to keep the enormous plant population of Mexico's largest lake under control. (Fisheries At- tache, United States Embassy, Mexico, D.F., October 2, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 pp. 107 and 108. Netherlands MODERN FISH AUCTION FACILITY AT SCHEVENINGEN: The construction of a new fish auction fa- cility at Scheveningen (The Hague) on the North Sea, Netherlands, at the northwest side of Scheveningen's first inner harbor, was started in September 1961. Measuring 262 x 1,312 feet, the complex will be the biggest and most modern fish auction facility in Eu- rope, comprising the auction hall itself, a December 1964 Netherlands (Contd.): service and administration building, and be- hind it, a rear site that can be used for stor- age. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 The establishment of the fish auction sys- tem in the Netherlands, and the compulsory sale of fish by auction, are designed as pro- tective measures for the benefit of the fishing industry. All dealers must be officially reg- The new fish auction hall along the first harbor at Scheveningen. The auction hall is some 800 feet long, 85 feet wide, about 30 feet high, and can accom- istered before being admitted to the auction. By the auction system, fishermen can count modate 10 modern trawlers moored alongside | on a fair price for their catch depending on at one time, or space for 15 trawlers if moor-|supply, demand, and quality, and the dealers ed alongside each other. area capacity of nearly 75,000 square feet where 18,000 fish boxes can be placed. The service and administration building adjoins the auction hall's southwest side and con- tains several service rooms, the office of the Fish Auction Foundation, and the main offices of the Port and Market Authority. It also has a herring auction room that can accommodate 200 persons, and a large canteen for auction hall employees and visitors. The roof of the building consists of 23 glass sections, each section measuring 46 x 85 feet placed in a slanting position and giv- ing the impression of giant windows which are designed to diffuse from the northeast thus deflecting any heat caused by the sun- light. The total construction cost of the building is about $2.4 million. All fish landed by fishermen at Dutch ports must be sold by auction whether catches are large or small, and buyers are obliged to buy fish only at the auctions. Thus, the fish auc- tion site is considered a meeting place where fishermen, fishing vessel owners, and both the wholesale and retail trade meet almost every day-~-at a fixed location where the daily fish landings are sold by an impartial organi- zation. In the Netherlands, both the whole- salers and retailers are permitted to attend fresh fish auctions, but only the wholesale trade is admitted to the salted herring auc- tions, The hall has a gross |are guaranteed an adequate supply of fish. In the Netherlands there is one State-owned fish auction facility at IJmuiden, north of Am- sterdam, In addition there are many municipal and a few privately owned auctions, some of which are operated on a cooperative basis. In Scheveningen the auction is managed by what is known as the Fish Auction Foundation in which both the fish trade and municipal au- thorities have representation, Fresh fish, in- cluding fresh herring, auctioned there is sold by ''word of mouth,'' which means that the auc- tioneer presides orally over the fish auction activities. Salted herring, however, are auc- tioned by using an electric push-button system and the stopping of a turning hand at a price in- dicator. Before Scheveningen had a harbor of its own, the fish catches were sold on the beach, After the first harbor was dug in 1904, the fish were auctioned at the docks along the only inner harbor existing at the time. In later years, an auction hall for salted herring was built along that harbor. After the second har- bor was dug in the 1930's, the auction site for fresh fish was established about 1935 in a hall opposite the slipway along the second inner harbor, Later, that auction hall proved to be totally inadequate because of the cramped fa- cilities and small waterfront, especially after World War II when fish landings were greater and large trawlers were being used. 108 Netherlands (Contd.): In 1963, a total of 35,000 metric tons of fresh fish (including herring) valued at 18.2 million guilders (US$5.1 million) was landed at the Port of Scheveningen. In addition, the Port also handled 36,000 tons of salted her- ring that year valued at 16.8 million guilders ($4.7 million). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 38. Norway WINTER HERRING FISHERY, 1964: Catch: The 1964 Norwegian fishery for winter herring (which includes spring her - ring) yielded a catch of about 3.1 million hectoliters or 288,300 metric tons (including 1.3 million hectoliters or 120,900 tons of winter herring and 1.8 million hectoliters or COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 167,400 tons of spring herring). That was the best result in the fishery since 1960 when 3.2 million hectoliters (297,600 tons) were taken. The comparable catch in 1963 totaled only 661,000 hectoliters (61,473 tons). In 1964, purse-seiners accounted for an unusually high percentage of the winter herring landings with a catch of 2.5 million hectoliters (232,500 tons). Trawlers and drift-netters accounted for most of the remainder. Utilization: About 2.5 million hectoliters (232,500 tons) of the Norwegian winter herring catch was processed into fish meal and oil; 228,089 hectoliters (21,212 tons) were frozen for export; 186,490 hectoliters (17,344 tons) were salted; 72,344 hectoliters (6,728 tons) were canned; 49,411 hectoliters (4,595 tons) were iced for export; 26,872 hectoliters (2,499 tons) were used for bait; and 17,709 hectoliters (1,647 tons) were absorbed by the Norwegian domestic fresh market. Purse -seining for herring on fishing grounds off west coast of Norway. December 1964 Norway (Contd.): Prices: The 1964 winter herring catch yielded fishermen about 69.8 million kroner (US$9.8 million) including state subsidies. The catch was about equally divided between the northern and southern fishing districts, but the northern catch brought considerably lower prices. The prices for northern winter and spring herring were fixed, respectively, at 20.0 and 17.5 kroner per hectoliter (US$1.36 and 1.19 per hundred pounds). That was 26 to 30 percent less than the prices paid for similar herring from the southern fishing districts. Fishermen were disappointed by the price differential. They were also said to be dissatisfied with the high proportion of the catch that went for meal and oil. The newspaper Harstad Tidende has indicated that Feitsildfiskernes Salslag (sales organization of the fat herring fishermen) may be named as the new sales agent for herring caught in the northern area. Capelin Fishery: In 1964, ex-vessel cape- lin prices were relatively high; capelin yield- ed fishermen 16.85 kroner per hectoliter ($1.15 per hundred pounds) before March 15, and 12.61 kroner per hectoliter ($0.86 per hundred pounds) after that date--including the subsidy of 3.75 kroner per hectoliter ($0.21 per hundred pounds). The capelin fishery in the winter of 1964 yielded a catch of 53,395 hectoliters (4,966 tons) before March 15, and 148,387 hectoliters (13,800 tons) after that date. (Fiskaren, July 1, 1964.) Note: Norwegian kroner 7.16 equal US$1.00. KOK KEK AGREEMENT ON FISHING FOR DOGFISH AND BASKING SHARK SIGNED WITH GREAT BRITAIN: A new agreement which permits Norwegian fishermen to fish for dogfish (Acantis vulgar - is) and basking shark (Cethorinus maximus) in the waters surrounding northern Scotland and the Shetlands was signed by Norway and Great Britain on September 28, 1964, in London. Norwegians will have the right to fish within the new 12-mile limit around Great Britain until 1984, but will be excluded from fishing closer than6 miles from shore after 1965, Thatregion is tobe reserved exclusively to Britons. The right to fish for dogfish and basking shark in British coastal waters has tradition- ally been an important one for Norway. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 new agreement reportedly will insure for Nor- wegian fishermen an estimated combined in- come of 250 million kroner (US$35.0 million) over the 20-year period. It will provide pro- ductive employment to Norwegian fishermen who might otherwise be idle after the great schools of cod and herring, which usually in- habit the waters around Norway from January to March, have departed. (United States Em- bassy, Oslo, October 4, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1964 p. 88. gin Persian Gulf COMMERCIAL FISHERY IN SOUTHERN AREA TO BE DEVELOPED BY BRITISH FIRM: Commercial fishing along a section of the Trucial Coast (the southern area of the Per- sian Gulf) is to be developed by a British fish- ing company of Grimsby in collaboration with interests at Beirut, Lebanon. The Trucial Coast (consisting of 7 sheikdoms) is a 350- mile coastal strip on the Arabian peninsula in the southwestern part of the Persian Gulf. The Beirut interests obtained the fishing concession from the ruling sheik at Ash Sharigah, a xy b> ‘ Persian Gulf \BAHRAIN A) SA UDI Waar ——, | RIYADH Aiea >\ : ARABIA ashe Te Nem Areas generally conceded to be in the Middie East 5 Areas with limited acceptance as being in the Middle East Areas rarely of never considered as being in the Middle East 110 Persian Gulf (Contd.): It is believed that the waters along the Trucial Coast abound in shrimp as well as other edible fish species. If shrimp are found in quantity and the enterprise is successful, it is anticipated that a large portion of the shrimp catch will be marketed in the United States. In making the announcement, the Brit- ish fishing company said it is acting as advis- er on all aspects of the fishing operations and will also be responsible for marketing the en- tire catch. The first trawler purchased for the new enterprise was reported en route to the Tru- cial Coast and was to start fishing about the end of September 1964. The vessel has facil- ities and equipment for processing and freez- ing the catch, and enough cold-storage space for a substantial quantity of frozen fish and shellfish. | Philippines SHRIMP EXPORTS, 1963: Total shrimp (mostly frozen) exports by the Philippines in 1963 were valued at P537,000 (US$138,000), with most of those exports go- ing to the United States market. Thevalue of shrimp exported to the United States in 1963 was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 $113,000. The remainder of theshrimp exports with a value of $25,000 went to Japan. The Philippine shrimp export business is relatively new and there are not more than four firms which export shrimp either on a regular basis or as specific orders are re- ceived. It is reported that there is no known local association of shrimp firms in the Philippines. (United States Embassy, Manila, September 25, 1964.) Poland FISHERIES LANDINGS, JANUARY -JUNE 1964: Polish landings of salt-water fish amount- ed to 112,708.4 metric tons in the first half Polish Landings of Salt-Water Fish, January-June 19641/ January-June Luba rivate u Year 1963 Fishermen no Total THUG MoT OLD (Metric Tons). sv esses seen ne a 44.1 : Baltic herring .. . North Sea herring. Prelimis liminary. Includes catch off South Africa by state-owned enterprises. Profile and layout of moder Polish stem trawler. December 1964 Poland (Contd.): of 1964, Cod was the leading species landed, followed by North Seaherring, sprat, andocean perch, (Polish Maritime News, No. 73.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1964 p. 56. Portugal CANNED FISH PACK, JANUARY-JUNE 1964: Portugal's total pack of canned fish in oil or sauce in the first half of 1964 was up 146 percent from that in the same period in 1963. The increase was due mainly to a greatly ex- Portuguese Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1963-64 Product In oil or sauce: Sardines 2. eee Chinchards. 2... Mackerel ....- Tuna and tunaelike Anchovy fillets ... Others wecceece 35 4 7 19 Pout sees [anree] tasr | mess | 353 | THE RYUKYU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 panded sardine pack, Portuguese sardine land- ings of 31,687 metric tons in January-June 1964 were up only slightly from the 30,262 metric tons landed in the first half of 1963, indicating the canneries received alarger per- centage of the catch in 1964. (Conservas de Peixe, August 1964.) ms AD Ryukyu Islands GOVERNMENT SEEKS CHANGES IN TUNA FISHERIES AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN: The Economics Bureau, Government o Ryukyu, as of the latter part of September 1964, was studying revisions in the Japan- Ryukyu Agreement pertaining to the distant- water tuna fisheries. The Agreement, con- cluded in 1960, provided for the licensing of a total of 4,500 gross tons of tuna fishing ves- sels under Ryukyuan registry. The Ryukyuan Government is seeking at least a twofold increase in tuna vessel tonnage under a new agreement, The Ryukyuan tuna fleet presently consists of 26 tuna vessels (operated by 13 firms) total- ISLANDS c Ak AMES ARE GLAAD RES COUT ENE CNG Ree eDcATER 112 Ryukyu Islands (Contd.): ing 5,564 grosstons. The fleet includes vessels totaling about 1,000 gross ton which were en- gaged in fishing prior to that Agreement and are therefore not covered by it. In 1963 the tuna fleet landed 17,538 metric tons of tuna and other species. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep- tember 27, 1964.) Senegal SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS, 1964: Senegal's small but growing shrimp indus- try is expected to provide about 400 metric tons of shrimp for the French market in 1964. The shrimp-processing plant at Ziguinchor in southern Senegal, which is controlled by French interests with headquarters in Dakar, started operating in May 1962 with a capital investment of $40,000 anda fleet of 50 artisan canoes (pirogues). Since that time, the work- ing capital has been increased to $100,000 and the fleet of canoes has expanded to 300 craft. SENEGAL COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 The six-months shrimp fishing season on the Casamance River is between May 15 and November 15. During that period, 150 fish- ermen are employed ona salary basis and 250 more fishermen employed under contract. The French firm has recently expanded its plant facilities to include canning of oysters onan experimental basis. Canned oyster prod- ucts include smoked oysters, oysters with chopped parsley and garlic, oysters with but- ter, and oysters in the natural form without any additives. The firm is reported interest- ed in developing United States markets for those products. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Abidjan, September 16, 1964.) South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, MAY-JUNE 1964: South Africa Republic: The shoal fishcatch off the Cape west coast of South Africa Republic in June 1964 was 33,538 short tons pilchard, 549 tons maasbanker, and6,345 tons anchovy, for a totalof 40,432tons. That compares with 77,966 tons pilchards and 322 tons maasbanker land- ed in June 1963. The June 1964 catchyielded 9,904 short tons of fish meal, 600,605 imperial gallons of fish body oil, 2,582,592 pounds of canned pilchards, and 191,280 pounds of canned maasbanker. The shoal fish catch off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in May was 34,079 short tons pilchards, 2,006 tons maasbanker,; 13,586 tons mackerel, 6,966 tons anchovy, and 2,218 tons herring, for a total of 58,855 tons. That compares with 61,012 tons pilchards and 4,787 tons maasbanker landed in May 1963. December 1964 South Africa Republic (Contd,): (There were nomackerel, anchovy, or herring landings in May 1963.) The May catchyielded 13,667 short tons of fish meal, 896,220 imperial gallons of fish body oil, 184,032 pounds of canned pilchards, 353,586 pounds of canned maasbanker, and 3,451,008 pounds of canned mackerel. The Cape west coast shoal fish catch for the ‘first 6 months of the 1964 season was 257,178 tons pilchards, 19,952 tons maasbanker, 55,319 tons mackerel, 16,947 tons anchovy, and 2,218 tons herring. The total catch was 351,614 tons. Inthe same period of 1963, the catch was 377,217 tons pilchards, 12,782 tons maasbanker and 14,634tons mackerel. (There were no an- chovy or herring landings in January ~June 1963.) South-West Africa: At Walvis Bay inSouth- West Africa, the pilchard catch amounted to 394,285 tons during January-June 1964. The Walvis Bay pilchard industry has been taking full advantage of the higher oil yield of fish this season. In comparison with anaver- age yield of 8 to 10 gallons per ton of fish last year, the fish oil yield this year has been av- eraging 25 to 28 gallons per ton of fish. A few Walvis Bay factories expected to take their pilchard catch quota of 90,000 tons each by the end of August 1964; most of the others expect to take their catch quota by the end of October 1964. An application by Walvis Bay pilchard proc - essing factories for an increase of 60,000 tons in the 720,000-ton quota for 1964 has been refused by the South West Africa administration. According to the Walvis Bay newspaper Namib Times, the industry made the applica- tion to enable it to meet additional market de- mands. The Administration, however, has said that the new anchovy fishery will provide ad- ditional supplies. Each of the 7 factories at Walvis Bay has been allowed one anchovy purse-seine net, and there will be no restrictions imposed on the amount of anchovy which may be caught by the 7 vessels using those nets, The new fish meal factory at Walvis Bay did not begin operating until mid-1964and is not expected to attain its 90,000-ton pilchard quota until late in 1964, (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, July and August 1964.) a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 South-West Africa PILCHARD FISHING INDUSTRY TRENDS, FY 1963: Heavy demand raised prices for South- West African fish meal in fiscal year 1963, according to the South West African Admin- istration. During the year ended March 31, 1964, a total of 600,000 short tons of pilchard was landed and processed at the 6 Walvis Bay factories of South-West Africa, That catch yielded about 150,000 tons of fish meal, which was sold for R11.4 million (US$16.0 million). The main market was the United Kingdom, The United States and Japan werealso impor- tant buyers. The total production of fish body oil from the 1963 pilchard catch was sold for R1,5 mil- lion ($2.1 million), entirely to the United King- dom, (Editor's Note: Fish-body oil produc- tion from the 1963 pilchard catch was esti- mated at 4.5 million imperial gallons. The oil yield was below average.) South-West African sales of canned pil- chards in fiscal year 1963 amounted to R5.8 million ($8.1 million) as compared with sales of R12.1 million ($16.9 million) the previous fiscal year. The decline was due to price and demand fluctuations on the international market, (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, July 1964.) Spain FISHERY TRENDS AT VIGO, JULY-SEPTEMBER 1964: Landings and Prices: Fishery landings at the port of Vigo, Spain, in July-September 1964, while higher than the previous quarter (April-June) when they totaled 18,755 metric tons, were estimated to be about 20 percent lower than in the same period of 1963. The September 1964 landings of sardines are not included in the preliminary landings data for this quarter and the situation could change because sardine landings continued heavy in- to the early part of October. As of the end of September, the tuna (yellowfin) catch for the 1964 season was estimated to be about half that of the 1963 season, with ex-vessel prices higher than the previous year. 114 Spain (Contd.): Fig. 1 - Wooden trawlers in Vigo's fishing port outfitted for tuna fishing. Long poles on left are used to drag lines alongside the vessel. Canned Fish Industry: The canned fish in- dustry worked at a much slower pace during the third quarter of 1964 than is normal dur- ing that time of the year. The poor catches of commercial varieties and the high prices at which offered contributed to that situation. Improvement was reported during the latter part of September and early October, and the reason for the recovery was a greater supply of fish, consisting mainly of sardines. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 with peanut and other seed oils, fish canners expected that their sales abroad would in- crease. This apparently has not been the case, although the situation might improve in the near future as a result of that authori- zation. A further measure being sought by fish canners was an increase of the present 6 percent tax exemption on exports to levels ranging up to 17 percent. (United States Con- sulate, Vigo, October 16, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 p. 78. Taiwan SHRIMP EXPORTS, JANUARY -JUNE 1964: Five fishery firms in Taiwan exported a total of 360,526 pounds of shrimp valued at US$315,040 during the first six months of 1964. All of it went to Japan except for a very small quantity which was shipped to the United States. Two of the firms shipped about 125,000 pounds each during that period. Each of the other three firms shipped an average of about 40,000 pounds. One of the shrimp ex= porting companies is a United States firm es= tablished in Taiwan. (United States Embassy, Taipei, September 23, 1964.) Fig. 2 - Spanish stern freezer trawler Villalba. The recovery in canned fish exports re- ported for the second quarter of the year de- clined somewhat during the third quarter, with a decrease of about 15 percent both in quantity and in value. As compared with the third quarter of 1963, there was an increase of about 13 percent in quantity and of about 15 percent in value. With the authorization on July 1, 1964, to export under certain conditions canned fish U.S.S.R. STATE FISHERIES PRODUCTION COMMISSION RECOMMENDS DEEP-WATER TRAWLING FOR FISHING VESSELS: The head of the fishing department of the Soviet State Fisheries Production Commission has recommended to all regional departments that they equip their vessels for deep-water trawling in 1964, according to a report ina December 1964 U.S.S.R. (Contd.): Soviet periodical dated September 26, 1964. His recommendation was based on results obtained frorm studies conducted in the differ - ent sea areas on deep-dwelling species of fish and on the policy subsequently adopted by the Production Commission to develop a deep-water fishery. (Suisancho Nippo, Sep- tember 10, 1964.) ‘ United Kingdom wees TWO NEW SEMIAUTOMATED STERN TRAWLERS OF "DARING" CLASS TO BE BUILT: A shipyard at Selby, England, has orders to build two new stern trawlers along the rev- olutionary lines of the Ross Daring (launched May 1963) and her sistership Ross Delight (launched August 1963). Each of those semi- automated stern trawlers has a length over- all of 99 feet, a range of about 30 days, anda fish-hold capacity for about 140,000 pounds of iced fish. The semiautomated stern trawler Ross Daring. The basic ''Daring'' design will be used by the Selby shipyard in building the two new stern trawlers. However, design information gained through extensive trials has been fed back to the shipyard and this, together with modifications made by the owners to the equipment on the trawlers in service, is be- ing incorporated in the construction of the two new vessels. Work on the first of the new trawlers started in October 1964; it is scheduled for completion in April 1965. The existing trawlers, Ross Daring and Ross Delight, are each worked by a crew of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 five men including the skipper. The auto- mated design of the vessels provides an en- gineroom which operates unattended, requir- ing only periodic visits the whole time the trawler is at sea. Electronic controls for the ‘machinery, and hydraulic controls for the winches enable each vessel to be handled, when trawling, by one man. In 4 recent North Sea fishing trips totaling 32 days, the Ross Daring landed 826 kits (115,640 pounds) of fish which were sold at dockside for £5,699 (US$15,957). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 92. Yugoslavia FISHERIES TRENDS, 1964: Development Program, 1964-1970: The proposed fisheries development program in the Yugoslav 7-Year Economic Plan for 1964- 1970 was approved by representatives of the country's fishing industry at a meeting at Fiume (Rijeka) early in 1964. CATCH: The new 7-Year Economic Plan calls for the annual marine catch of Yugo- slavia to increase sixfold over current levels and reach 120,000 metric tons by 1970, con- sisting of 80,000 tons from the ocean and 40,000 tons from the Adriatic Sea. FISHING FLEET: The Plan also envisions a fishing fleet investment during 1964-1970 of approximately 53,000 million lire (US$85 million) to be used to build 160 vessels for Adriatic fishing, 40 for ocean fishing, and 6 for fish transport. An additional 2,000 mil- lion lire ($3 million) will be allocated to the lake and inland water fisheries of Yugoslavia. (La Pesca Italiana, April 1964.) Tuna Fishing: In early 1964, a contract was announced between a shipyard and a fish- eries firm in Yugoslavia for the construction of a series of large motor fishing vessels to be used for tuna fishing in the Atlantic. Those ‘vessels, to be built at Pola (Pula), will be equipped to fish off the west coast of Africa; each vessel will have storage space for 450 tons of frozen fish. (ISEA, January 1964.) Fish Meal: A Yugoslav fish-meal factory in Zadar began test production in mid-1964. Reports indicated the new factory would be 116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 Yugoslavia (Contd.): ing raw materials that formally were thrown into the sea. processing 20 tons of raw material daily by the end of September 1964. The annual pro- Four more fish-meal factories like the one duction of the factory will be greater than that at Zadar areplanned. (Borba, Belgrade, Sep- of all the other Yugoslav fish-meal factories tember 18, 1964.) combined. The new fish-meal factory is us- Note: Italian lira 624.9 equal US$1.00. SEA SCALLOPS--A YEAR-ROUND SHELLFISH FAVORITE Sea scallops, considered as one of the tastiest foods from the deep, are plentiful and economical, and theyare never out ofseason. The ocean variety of scallops is harvested and marketed year-around. Scallops areactive Swimmers, moving freely through the waters ofthe sea. The active opening and closing of its shell, controlled by the adductor muscle, provides a form of water-jet locomotion for the scallop. The sweet, firm-meat adductor muscle, often called the "'eye,'' is the part of the scallop which Americans so thoroughly enjoy. The sea scallop is harvested from the deep waters off the North and Middle Atlantic States. The bulk ofthe catch ofthis delicious shellfish is landed atthe old whaling port of New Bedford, Mass., which is known to many as ''The Scallop Center ofthe World.'' The sea scallop shell is saucer-shaped and sometimes grows to a diameter of 8 inches. Shoppers find that scallops as marketedare one ofthe bestbuys because they are 100 percent edible--no waste. Scallops are available ina variety of market forms including fresh, frozen, frozen breaded, frozen deep-fried, andin packaged frozen dinners. Scallop meats are lean, light, andfirm; and containthe easily digested ‘animal protein so neces- sary for body growth and repair. The scallop is also an excellent source of calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, and iodine. It is characterized byan extremely low fat content. The most familiar scallopmaindishes are deep-fried or pan-fried. Scallops arealso served in cocktails, appetizers, soups, casseroles, and salads with equally satisfying re- sults. Delicious, never out of season, sea scallops provide delectable eating. Home economists of the U.S. Bureauof Commercial Fisheries recommend the fol- lowing recipe. Additional recipes are to be found in the recipe publication How to Cook Scallops. It is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, for 25 cents a copy. Scallops Amandine 2 pounds scallops, fresh or frozen cup blanched slivered almonds 1 teaspoon salt cup butter or margarine, melted i 2 i 2 2 Dash pepper tablespoons chopped parsley 4 cup flour Toast points Thaw frozen scallops. Rinse with cold water to remove anyshell particles. Cut large scallops in half. Sprinkle scallops with salt and pepper. Roll in flour. Fry almonds in butter until lightly browned. Remove almonds. Add scallops and continue frying. When scallops are brown on one side, turn carefully and brownthe other side. Cooking time ap- proximately 4 to 6 minutes. Add parsley and almonds. Serve on toast points. Serves 6. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 117 ACTIONS Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION USE OF SODIUM NITRATE AND SODIUM NITRITE AS FOOD ADDITIVES IN SMOKED CURED SABLEFISH: A request for permission to use sodium ni- trate andsodium nitrite as preservatives and color fixatives in smoked cured sablefish is the subject of a petition to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Petition was filed by the Association of Smoked Fish Processors, Inc.,, New York City. Notice of the petition was published in the Federal Register, Sep- tember 26, 1964, The proposal is the issuance of amendments to sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act dealing with food additives to provide for the safe use of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite as preservatives and color fix- atives in smoked, cured sablefish, at levels not in excess of 0.05 percent sodium nitrate and 0,02 percent sodium nitrite in the finish- ed product, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1962 p. 102. OK OK KK ANNUAL CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS UNDERSTANDING OF U.S. PURE FOOD AND DRUG LAW: The 8th Annual Conference, sponsored jointly by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U. S. Department of Health, Ed- ucation, and Welfare and the Food Law Insti- tute, was held on November 30, 1964, The purpose of the Conference was to promote un- derstanding of and voluntary compliance with the Federal pure food and drug law. Four food and drug workshop sessions scheduled for the meeting had as their theme "What Industry Needs from FDA for Better Compliance.'' A consumer panel had the theme "What the Public Wants in Consumer Education." An innovation for the 8th Annual Confer- ence was an exhibition of outstanding visual communications chosen by a special review committee from entries submitted by Govern- ment agencies and industry. They included outstanding motion pictures, filmstrips, and exhibits used to answer public interest in the integrity of foods, drugs, and cosmetics; to further good manufacturing and marketing prac- tices, and to promote voluntary compliance. The Conference featured akeynote address by Food and Drug Commissioner George P. Larrick, and aresponse from the president of the Food Law Institute. There were also ad- dresses by other FDA officials and industry leaders. The panel workshops were conducted by a moderator and 4 expert panelists--2 each from FDA and industry. In the food area, they included sections devoted to: (1) 'Sanitation and Quality Control,'’ moderated by the Di- rector of FDA's Bureau of Scientific Standards and Evaluation; and (2) ''Additives and Pesti- cides,'' moderated by an officialof Atlas Chem- ical Industries. A workshop on consumer ed- ucation was moderated by the Director of FDA's Division of Consumer Education. (Press re- lease of U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D. C.) Cres Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DETERMINATION OF FISHERY FAILURE DUE TO RESOURCE DISASTER IN GREAT LAKES AREA: In an announcement dated July 21, 1964, published in the July 25, 1964, Federal Regis- 118 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ter, the Secretary of the Interior determined that the Great Lakes fishing industry, as well as processors and distributors of smoked fish from the Great Lakes, incurred substantial economic injury in October 1963 as a result of temporary loss of markets for smoked fish. The Secretary stated that the circumstances constituted a commercial fishery failure due to a resource disaster within the meaning of section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309 (Commer- cial Fisheries Research and Development Act), and therefore, he authorized the use of funds appropriated under the new law to al- leviate the serious situation in the Great Lakes area. Public Law 88-309 was signed by the Pres- identon May 20,1964. Section 4(b) of the new law provides that the Secretary of the Inter- ior may make available up to $400,000 to aid a fishing industry when he determines that a commercial fishery failure due to aresource disaster has occurred. The determination made by the Secretary of a commercial fishery failure due to a re- source disaster in the Great Lakes area, as published in the Federal Register, July 25, 1964, follows: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Office of the Secretary GREAT LAKES AREA Determination of Fishery Failure Due to Resource Disaster Whereas, many firms are engaged in catching, processing and marketing fish from the Great Lakes area; and Whereas, the Food and Drug Adminis- tration on October 25, 1963, issued a statement warning the public of botu- lism in smoked fish from the Great Lakes area; and this warning was followed by a drastic reduction in consumption re- sulting in substantial economic injury to the Great Lakes fishing industry and to processors and distributors of smoked fish from the Great Lakes area; and Whereas, the cause of the botulism was not known; and Whereas, Great Lakes chubs on hand at the time of this incident were either destroyed or preserved in freezers, with approximately 2 million pounds still in storage; and these fish, even though frozen, have deteriorated to the point where they cannot even be used for pet food; and the only use to which they can. now be put is for reduction, that fs, to produce: fishmeai; and the value: of the fishmeal will not pay for the proc- essing and raw material transpert costs; Now, therefore, as Secretary of the Interior, I hereby determine that the foregoing circumstances constitute a eommercial fishery failure due to a re- source disaster within the meaning of section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309. Pur- Vol. 26, No. 12 suant to this determination, I hereby authorize the use of funds appropriated under the above legislation as diversion payments to cause removal from the usual markets the stocks of chubs which are preventing normal trade operations and for such 6ther measures as may be necessary to mitigate the damage. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. JULY 21, 1964. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1964 pp. 25, 85; Sept. 1964 p. 100 Aug. 1964 p. 95. 2 OK OK OK REGULATIONS ON COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT PUBLISHED: Final regulations setting up procedures to be used by the Secretary of the Interior in giving financial aid to state agen- cies for research and development of the commercial fish- eries resources of the Nation were published in the Octo- ~ ber 3, 1964, Federal Register. Regulations became effec- tive on the date of publication. They bring into effect the Commercial Fisheries and Development Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-309) passed by Congress this year and signed by President Johnson May 20, 1964. First, the new law pro- vides for payment of $5 million annually to states for com- mercial fishery research and development over a five-year period. The states will be required to provide matching funds equal to at least 25 percent of project costs. However, Congress adjourned this year before it was able to appropri- ate funds to implement this part of the new law. Second, the Act also authorizes the allocation of $400,000 annually for two years and $650,000 for each of the following three years to states where there is a commercial fishery failure resulting from natural or undetermined causes (under Section 4(b)). For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, Con- gress did appropriate $400,000 for that part of the Act. The Secretary of the Interior has already taken action to assist the Great Lakes area fishing industry recover from economic losses suffered in 1963. In subsequent years, such funds will be available to other segments of the industry suffering fish- ery failures arising from economic disasters. Regulations applying to Section 4(b) were published in the August 27, 1964, Federal Register.) Third, the law authorizes the allocation of $100,000 a year to states for developing new commercial fisheries. No funds are yet available for this part. Fourth, it provides for loan funds to Alaska’s fishermen for charter of fishin, vessels for temporary replacement pending the repair or permanent replacement of vessels lost or damaged in the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake disas- ter. Repayment of those loans is to be made only from the net profits of the operation of the chartered vessels after deducting a reasonable amount for the salary of the fishermen chartering the vessels. (Regulations covering this provision of the Act were pub- lished in the May 23, 1964, Federal Register. A Notice of Proposed Rule Making was published in the Fed- eral Register of July 10, 1964. Interested persons were given 30 days in which to submit written comments, suggestions, or ob- jections to the proposed new part. Comments on Section 253.4 of 50 CFR Part 253 dealing with "Use of resource disaster funds" were to be submitted at an earlier date, Comments have been received for all other sections of Part 253. Consideration was given to such comments and appropriate clarifying changes have been made. The regulations covered by Part 253 are published complete (to include those regulations issued for just part of the Act) in December 1964 the Federal Register, October 3, 1964. The regulations include definitions, interpretation of the authorization, use of research COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and development funds, use of new commercial fishery funds, Title 50—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter II—Bureauv of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER F—AID TO FISHERIES PART 253—COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT On Pages 9454 through 9456 of the FEDERAL REGISTER of July 10, 1964, there was published a notice and text of a proposed new Part 253 of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose of the new part was to provide for proce- dures to be used by the Secretary of the Interior in providing financial assistance to State Agencies for research and de- velopment of the commercial fisheries resources of the Nation and, in coopera- tion with State Agencies, directly to the commercial fisheries in cases where he has determined that there is a commer- cial fishery failure due to a resource disaster arising from natural or undeter- mined causes, or where he may prevent such a resource disaster. Interested persons were given 30 days in which to submit written comments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed new part; except, that com- ments with respect to § 253.4 Use of re- source disaster funds, were required to be submitted to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within a period of 10 days. In paragraph (a) Determination, of § 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds, it was noted the Secretary shall cause to be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER & notice of finding that a commercial fish- ery failure due to a resource disaster aris- ing from natural or undetermined causes when such a finding is made. After such publication, resource disaster funds may be used for specified purposes with the pk ates of the respective State Agen- cies. The Feperat REcIsTER of July 25, 1964, included a notice of determination by the Secretary of the Interior that a commer- cial fishery failure due to a resource dis- aster within the meaning of section 4(b) of Public Law 88-309 existed in the Great Lakes fishing industry. On August 27, 1964, there was pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER § 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds, as a for- mal regulation. Comments have now been received for all other sections of Part 253. Consideration has been givén to such comments and appropriate clari- fying changes made in §§ 253.1 to 253.12, inclusive. These sections are hereby added to § 253.4, which has already been published as a regulation, and Part 253 is now published in its entirety. Sec. 253.1 Definitions 253.2 Interpretation of the authorization. 253.3 Use of research and development funds. 253.4 Use of resource disaster 1unds. 253.5 Use of new commercial fishery funds. 253.6 Financial responsibility. low: See, 2653.7 Reporting. 253.8 Record retencion. 253.9 Audit and inspection 253.10 Officials not to benefit. 253.11 Patents and inventions, 253.12 Convict labor. AvrtnHorirr: The provisions of this part 253 issued under sec. 8, Public Law 88-309. § 253.1 Definitions. As used in this part, terms shall have the meaning ascribed in this section. (a) Secretary. The Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representa- tive. (b) Act. Public Law 88-309, Commer- cial Fisheries Research and Development Act of 1964. (c) Research and development funds. Funds, the appropriation of which, were authorized by subsection 4(a) of the Act. (d) Resource disaster funds. Funds, the appropriation of which, were author- ized by subsection 4(b) of the Act. (e) New commercial fishery funds. Funds, the appropriation of which, were authorized by subsection 4(c) of the Act. (f) Person. Individual, association, partnership or corporation, any one or all as the ‘context requires. (g) Primary producer or commercial fisherman. A person owning, having a beneficial interest in, managing, or op- erating a vessel or gear engaged in har- vesting raw fish for commercial purposes, (h) Net profits. The net profit, be- fore taxes, as computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards with due regard to the prac- tices in the locality in which the fishing operation is conducted. (i) Reasonable amount as determined by the Secretary for the salary of the fisherman. A computed amount equal to the average income of the applicant from fishing operations during the 3 pre~ ceding calendar years, with a maximum of $3,000, computed from applicant's in- come tax returns for those years. (j) Contractor. A person, agency uF institution performing services, under contract with the State Agency, in car~ rying out the provisions of a project agreement. (k) Commercial fisheries resources. Stocks of raw fish available or poten- tially available for harvesting with the primary intent of moving the product into channels of commercial trade. § 253.2 Interpretation of the authori. zation. The terms used in the Act to describe the authorization to the Secretary are construed to be limited to the meanings ascribed in this section. (a) Supplement, and, to the extent practicable, increase the amounts of State funds. The words “supplement, and, to the extent practicable, increase the amounts of State funds” mean that State funds, to be used for at least 25 percent of the cost of a project financed with research and development funds, will be additional] funds provided for that project and will not represent funds diverted from some other commercial fishery project except that during fiscal years 1965 and 1966, the fact that & 119 financial responsibility, reporting, record retention, audit and inspection, patents and inventions, etc. The regulations as they appeared in the Federal Register fol- State Legislature did not meet after ap- proval of this Act will be considered evi- dence that it is not practicable for the State Agency to furnish funds that have not been previously used for other com- mercial fishery projects. (b) Resource disaster arising from natural or undetermined causes. The words “resource disaster arising from natural or undetermined causes” mean a serious disruption of a fishery caused by alteration of habitat affecting present and future productivity, inability to catch the raw fish, or inability to sell the catch, because of a natural or undeter- mined cause. It does not include in- ability to sell the catch because of com- petition from imported or other com- petitive products. (c) Developing a new commercial fishery. The words “developing a new commercial fishery” mean the develop- ment of a fishery for species of fish not common to the commercial fishery in the State in which the development is an- ticipated, or on stocks of fish not then being utilized commercially. (d) Manufactured or processed fishery merchandise. The words “manufac- tured or processed fishery merchandise” mean fishery products which are in- cluded in the tables entitled Manufac- tured Fishery Products appearing in the annual Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Statistical Digests, Fishery Statistics of the United States. Data on new prod- ucts, or the collection of statistics on products not formerly covered in these tabulations, will only be included in the subsequent year’s determination of the apportionments. § 253.3 Use of research and develop- ment funds, (a) Apportionment and _ obligation. On July 1 of each year, or as soon there- after as practicable, the Secretary shall certify to the respective State agencies and the Secretary of the Treasury the amount of the respective apportionments of funds appropriated pursuant to sec- tion 4(a) of the Act. The Governor of each State shall notify the Secretary which agency of the State government is the agency authorized under its laws to regulate commercial fisheries and a duly authorized official of the State shall certify as to the duly appointed official authorized in accordance with State law to commit the State to participation under the provision of the Act, to sign project documents, and to receive pay- ments. Each interstate agency shall provide similar certification prior to par- ticipation in the program. The Secre- tary shall be advised promptly of any change made in such authorizations. No funds may be obligated until aforesaid certification has been received. Proposed projects may be submitted at any time after the apportionment is made, but must be submitted at least 120 days prior to the end of the fiscal year following the year in which the apportionment to be charged was made. Notice of obli- gation of the funds will be furnished the applicable State agency as soon as pos- sible after approval of the project by the Secretary. 120 (b) Preliminary project statement. A preliminary project statement shall be submitted for each proposed project which shall contain such fundamental information as the Secretary may re- quire, in order to determine if the proj- ect should be approved. The prelimi- Nary project statement shall include plans, specifications, duration, experi- mental design, personnel and cost esti- mates, as well as the source of funding. (c) Project agreement. After the Secretary shall have approved a pre- liminary project statement, mutual ob- ligations to be undertaken by the co- operating agencies shall be evidenced by a project agreement to be executed be- tween the State agency and the Secre- tary for each such project. (d) Prosecution of work. (1) The State Agency shall carry all approved projects through to a stage of comple- tion acceptable to the Secretary with reasonable promptness. Failure to ren- der satisfactory progress reports or fail- ure to complete the project to the satis- faction of the Secretary shall be cause for the Secretary to withhold further pay- ments until the project provisions are satisfactorily met. Projects may be ter- minated upon determination by the Sec- retary that satisfactory progress has not been maintained. The Secretary shall have the right to inspect and review work being done at any time. (2) Research and/or development work shall be continuously coordinated by the State Agency with studies con- ducted by other State and non-State Agencies in order to avoid unnecessary duplication. (3) All work shall be performed in accordance with applicable State laws, except when contradictory to Federal laws or regulations, in which case Fed- eral law or regulations will prevail. (e) Economy and efficiency. No project shall be approved until the State has shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that appropriate and adequate means shall be employed to achieve economy and efficiency in the completion of the project. (f) Contracts. Supply, service, equip- ment and construction contracts involv- ing an expenditure of $2,500 or more entered into by a State Agency for the execution of approved project activities shall be based upon free and open com- petitive bids. If a contract is awarded to other than the lowest responsible bid- der, the payment of the Federal portion of the cost of the project shall be based on the lowest responsible bid, unless it is satisfactorily shown that it was ad- vantageous to the project to accept a higher bid. Upon request, the State Agency shall certify and promptly fur- nish to the Secretary a copy of each contract executed and copies of all bids received concerning the contract. (g) Form of vouchers. Vouchers on forms provided by the Secretary and certified as therein prescribed, showing amounts expended on each project and the Federal portion claimed to be due on account thereof shall be submitted to the Secretary by the State Agency either after completion of each project or as the work progresses. (h) Safety and accident prevention. In the performance of each project, the State shall comply with all applica- ble Federal, State, and local laws gov- erning safety, health, and sanitation. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The State shall be responsible that all safeguards, safety devices, and protec- tive equipment are provided and will take other needed actions reasonably necessary to protect the life and health of employees on the job and the safety of the public and to protect property in connection with the performance of work on the project. (i) Personnel. The State agency or the contractor shall maintain an ade- quate and competent force of employees to initiate and carry approved projects through. to satisfactory completion. Personnel employed on approved proj- ects by the State Agency shall be se- lected on the basis of their competence to perform the services required and shall conduct their duties in a manner acceptable to the Secretary. (j) Nondiscrimination. Each project agreement shall contain the applicable sections of Executive Order No. 10925, dated March 6, 1961, as amended, per- taining to nondiscrimination and shall also be subject to Public Law 88-352 and any regulations promulgated thereunder. § 253.4 Use of resource disaster funds. (a) Determination. The Secretary shall cause to be published in the Frp- ERAL REGISTER a notice of finding that a commercial fishery failure due to a re- source disaster arising from natural or undetermined causes exists at the time such a finding is made. After such pub- lication, resource disaster funds may be used for the following purposes with the cooperation of the respective State Agencies: (1) Payments causing the removal from the usual markets of stocks of fish or shellfish of the species listed in the said finding which are preventing normal trade operations. No payments will be made under this paragraph unless the Secretary deems such action necessary to aid in restoring normal trade opera- tions; the person receiving such pay- ment, if not the primary producer, pro- vides evidence that he has reimbursed the primary producer, or such other person from whom the raw fish was purchased; the person receiving such payments has furnished the Secretary with such in- formation regarding purchases, costs, sales, etc., as the Secretary may require; and satisfactory evidence of removal of the products from channels of distribu- tion, including storage, shall be provided to the Secretary. No payments may be made for any product which was re- moved from storage or other channels of distribution prior to the approval of this Act. (2) Payments to primary producers of the species of fish listed in the said find- ing to assist them in obtaining gear or equipment necessary to operate in the same or a different fishery than that af- fected by the said resource disaster. No payments will be made under this para- graph unless the Secretary deems such action necessary to aid in restoring primary producers adversely affected by the said commercial fishery failure to a condition where they can operate profit- ably; the person receiving such pay- ments furnishes the Secretary with such information regarding catches, sales and costs as the Secretary may require; and the person receiving such payments agrees to operate the gear purchased with the assistance of such payment in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary. Vol. 26, No. 12 (3) Short-term loans for operating expenses of primf&ry producers. When loans are made under this paragraph, the interest rate shall be 3 percent and repayment will be required only from net profits of the fishing operation, which net profit shall be reduced by such rea- sonable amount as determined by the Secretary for the salary of the fisher- man. No such loans will be made unless the Secretary deems such action neces- sary to aid in restoring primary pro- ducers adversely affected by the said commercial fishery failure to a condi- tion that will permit them to resume operations; the funds are not otherwise available on reasonable terms; and the past earning and credit record of the ap- plicant is such that it provides reason- able assurance of repayment. (4) Payments to State Agencies for projects directly related to the restora- tion of the fishery affected by the said resource disaster or to prevent a similar failure of the fishery in the future. Such preliminary project proposals and their processing will be subject to all regula- tions relating thereto in this Part, except that these projects will be given prefer- ence over other proposed projects with reference to the use of funds obtained under subsection 4(b) of the Act, and Federal funds may be used for 100 per- cent of the cost of the project if all of the funds are obtained from appropria- tions authorized under subsection 4(b) of the Act. (b) Non-determination. At any time when there is no finding of a commercial fishery failure as described in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary may, if he deems such action to be in further- ance of the purposes of the Act, approved preliminary project proposals for fund- ing under subsection 4(b) of the Act from funds carried over from previous fiscal years; provided however, that no preliminary project proposal from any State will be funded under this subsec- tion until that State has had all of its available apportioned funds, if any, ob- tained from appropriations authorized under subsection 4(a) of the Act, obligated. § 253.5 Use of new commercial fishery funds. Preliminary project proposals leading to the establishment of a new commer- cial fishery may be approved for funding under this section when the Secretary finds that the proposal, if approved and carried out, will reasonably assure the establishment of a new commercial fishery within the State submitting the. proposal. All proposals under this sec- tion will be subject to all applicable reg- ulations of this Part, except that 100 percent of the project costs may be paid from Federal funds and, if the Secretary deems that the proposal will further the purposes of the Act, these proposals may be approved without the requirement that the State submitting the proposal first have obligated all of its apportioned funds, if any. § 253.6 Financial responsibility. (a) State Agencies are required to account for each approved project. Cost accounting records, consistent with generally accepted accounting standards, shall be maintained for each project separately. (b) State Agencies are responsible for the financial management of the project. December 1964 Appropriate internal controls will, there- fore, be adopted and installed to insure that the project is accomplished in the most efficient and economical manner. § 253.7 Reporting. (a) Quarterly progress reports on ap- proved projects will be furnished by State Agencies. These reports will be compiled on forms approved by the Sec- retary. Progress payments or other disbursements will not be made unless reporting requirements are met. (b) Completion reports, on forms ap- proved by the Secretary, are required when the project is completed pursuant to the project agreement. Final prog- ress payments to State Agencies on indi- vidual projects will not be made until a completion report has been rendered and accepted by the Secretary. Com- pletion reports with respect to research and development projects will contain a certification that the State Agency has contributed at least 25 percent of the total project cost. (c) A mutual release will be executed by the State Agency and the Secretary, or his authorized representative, when both parties have fulfilled their respec- tive obligations under the agreement or contract. (d) Copies of audit reports on audits of projects made by State auditors or inspectors shall be furnished the Secre- tary and will not be returned to State Agencies. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW § 253.8 Record retention. (a) All records of accounts, reporting and supporting documentation thereto will be retained by the State or State Agency for a period of 3 years after the project is completed. (b) Loan applicants, to whom a loan has been granted pursuant to section 9 of Public Law 88-309 or § 253.4(a) (3), shall retain all records incident to the fishing operation for a period of 3 years after the Note has been satisfied. § 253.9 Audit and inspection. (a) Authorized representatives of the Department of the Interior and the United States General Accounting Office shall have the right to audit, examine or inspect accounts, books, documents and other pertinent records involving opera- tions and transactions under the reg- ulations in this part. (b) State Agencies are expected to provide for a system of periodic internal review or audit by State employees. (c) Periodic audits will be performed on projects with State Agencies and other operations provided for in Public Law 88-309 by authorized representa- tives of the United States Government. Audits may be performed on active proj- ects and within 3 years after the project is completed. (d) Audit exceptions involving adjust- ments in payment to any State Agency on any project, whether active or com- 121 pleted, may be applied to other approved Projects or to applicable apportionments of funds to State Agencies. § 253.10. Officials not to benefit. No member of or delegate to Congress or resident comntissioner, shall be admit- ted to any share or any part of an agree- ment, or to any benefit that may arise therefrom; but this provision shall not be construed to extend to this agreement if made with a corporation for its gen- eral benefit. § 253.11 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries made in the course of or under any research and de- velopment contract entered into pursuant to the Act shall be governed by the State- ment of Government Patent Policy pro- mulgated by the President in his memo- randum of October 10, 1963 (3 CFR 1963 Supp. p. 238, 28 F.R. 10943). § 253.12 Convict labor. In connection with the performance of work, the State Agency agrees not to employ any person undergoing sentence of imprisonment at hard labor. This amendment shall become effective on the date of publication in the FepERAL REGISTER. Joun M. KELLY, Acting Secretary of the Interior. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1964 pp. 25, 85; September 1964 p. 100; August 1964 p. 95. PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE ANNOUNCED: Proposed regulations to govern the oper- ation of a new program (United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act--Public Law 88-498) to encourage construction of fishing vessels in United States shipyards were announced by the U. S. Department of the Interior on Octo- ber 8, 1964, and published in that day's Fed- eral Register, The United States Fishing Fleet Improve- ment Act provides for payment, under certain conditions, of the difference between building a vessel in United States shipyards and in less expensive foreign shipyards, with a maximum payment of 50 percent of the United States cost, The legislation was signed by President John- son August 30, 1964, It authorized the appro- priation of $10 million annually for the program, Just before adjourning, Congress voted a $2.5 million appropriation to operate the program for the current Fiscal Year (July 1, 1964 - June 30, 1965), To be eligible, a vessel must be "of advance design,'' as further defined in the proposed OcToBER 1, 1964. regulations, but must not cause economic hard- ship to efficient vessel operations already work- ing in the same fishery. An applicant must possess the ability, experience, resources and other qualifications necessary to operate and maintain the new vessel. A hearing is to be held on each application. Under the proposed rules, the vessel must be a modern one which will upgrade the fleet, and special consideration will be given vessels which will provide a significant contribution in helping the domestic fishery meet foreign com- petition. Notice of Proposed Rule Making as publish- ed in the Federal Register, October 8, 1964, follows: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR Part 256] FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIF- FERENTIAL SUBSIDY PROCEDURES Notice of Proposed Rule Making Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by the Act of June 12, 1960 (P.L. 86-516; 46 U.S.C. 1401-1413), as amended, it is proposed to revise 50 CFR Part 256 as set forth below. The purpose of the revision is to incorporate 122 those changes necessitated by the enact- ment of the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act (P.L. 88-498) which was approved on August 30, 1964. This Act amended the Act of June 12, 1960, by extending the date for receipt of applica- tions and changed the eligibility require- ments as well as increasing the maxi- mum amount of the subsidy which can be paid. Due to the numerous changes being proposed, the procedures will be more readily understood if the entire part is revised. This proposed regulation relates to matters which are exempt from the rule making requirements of the Administra- tive Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003) ; how- ever, it is the policy of the Department of the Interior that, whenever practica- ble, the rule making requirements be observed voluntarily. Accordingly, in- terested persons may submit in triplicate written comments, suggestions, or ob- jections with respect to the proposed amendments to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. Part 256 reads as follows: Sec. 256.1 Basis and purpose. 256.2 Definitions. 256.3 Eligibility requirements. 256.4 Applications. 256.5 Notice and hearing. 256.6 Subsidy contract. 256.7 Vessel operations. 256.8 Penalties. 256.9 Inspection of vessels. 256.10 Payment of subsidy. AvuTHoRITY: The provisions of this Part 256 issued under sec. 10, P.L. 86-516, as amended. § 256.1 Basis and purpose. (a) The Act of June 12, 1960 (P.L. 86- 516), as amended and hereinafter re- ferred to as the Act, authorizes the Sec- retary of the Interior to pay a subsidy for the construction of fishing vessels in shipyards of the United States. (b) The purpose of this part is to pre- Scribe rules and regulations governing the payment of these subsidies. § 256.2 Definitions. (a) Secretary. The Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representative. (b) Administrator. The Maritime Administrator in the Department of Commerce or his authorized repre- sentative. (c) Person. Individual, association, partnership or corporation, or any one or all as the context requires. (d) Fishery. A segment of the com- mercial fishing industry engaged in the catching of a single species or a group of species of fish and shellfish. To be considered as operating in a fishery, the catch of species in that fishery must amount to at least fifty-one percent (51%) (at the option of the owner by ex-vessel weight or ex-vessel value) of the total catch of the vessel during the calendar year. (e) Expanded areas. Fishing grounds not usually fished by the majority of the vessels operating in the fishery for which the proposed vessel is designed. (f) Newly developed gear. The most modern gear available that is suitable for COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW use in the fishery for which the proposed vessel is designed. § 256.3 Eligibility requirements. (a) Vessel will be of advance design: In order to be considered to be of advance design, the vessel must be designed to have significant advantages in utility and efficiency over a significant number of vessels engaged in the fishery in which the proposed vessel is designed to operate. (b) No economic hardship to efficient vessel operators: The determination that operation of a proposed vessel will not cause economic hardship to efficient ves- sel operators already operating in that fishery shall be made by the Secretary after notice and hearing, taking into consideration the condition of the re- source, the efficiency of the vessels and gear being operated in that fishery com- pared with the proposed vessel, the pros- pects of the market for the species caught, and the degree and duration of any anticipated economic hardship. (c) Aid in the development of the United States fisheries: For the vessel to aid in the development of the United States fisheries under conditions that the Secretary considers to be in the public interest, the vessel must be a modern vessel which will upgrade the fleet. Special consideration will be: given to vessels which will provide a significant contribution in helping the domestic fishery meet foreign competition. (d) The applicant possesses the abil- ity, experience, resources and other qualifications necessary to enable him to operate and maintain the proposed new fishing vessel. In making this deter- mination, the Secretary will inquire into the economic feasibility of the fishing venture and will require reasonable as- surance that the applicant can operate the vessel profitably. § 256.4 Applications. Applications for a subsidy shall be made on forms prescribed by the Secre- tary and shall be filed with the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wash- ington, D.C. The applications must be accompanied by three copies of the cross section, deck arrangement, outboard pro- file, and specifications of the proposed vessel. The Secretary may require such additional complete detailed construc- tion plans as may be necessary after a review of the application and accom- Panying plans and specifications. § 256.5 Notice and hearing. After receipt of an application eligible on its face for a construction differential subsidy the Secretary will publish a No- tice of Hearing on a Subsidy Application in the FEDERAL REGISTER and hold hear- ings in accordance therewith. The pur- pose of the hearing will be to provide any person who feels he will be eco- nomically injured by the construction of the proposed vessel to cross-examine witnesses and/or present evidence that the operation of such vessel will cause economic hardship to efficient vessel op- erators already operating in the fishery for which the vessel is.designed. Hear- ing procedures will be held in accord- ance with Part 257 of this subchapter. § 256.6 Subsidy contract. (a) A contract for the payment of the subsidy will take effect when all con- tracts between the applicant for such Vol. 26, No. 12 subsidy and the shipbuilder, who is to construct such vessel, have been ap- proved by the Administrator and the subsidy contract has been signed by the Secretary and the applicant; and (b) The contract shall contain a find- ing of the useful life of the vessel as determined by the Secretary to be used in computing the amount of the total depreciated construction subsidy to be repaid to the Secretary in accordance with section 9 of the Act. § 256.7 Vessel operations. (a) If the owner of a fishing vessel constructed with the aid of a subsidy desires to operate it in a different fishery than the one for which it was designed because of an actual decline in that par- ticular fishery, he shall submit an ap- plication to the Secretary for permission to transfer the operations of the fessel to a different fishery. The application shall contain data showing the decline in the fishery for which the vessel was designed, how this decline is making the operation of the vessel uneconomical or less economical, and why the transfer will not cause economic hardship or in- jury to efficient vessel operators already operating in the fishery to which he wishes to transfer operations. (b) Upon receipt of such an applica- tion the Secretary will publish a Notice of Hearing on an Application to Change Fishery in the FeprraL REGISTER and hold hearings in accordance therewith. The purpose of the hearings will be to provide any person who feels he will be economically injured by said transfer of fishing operations an opportunity to cross-examine witnesses and/or present evidence that such a transfer of opera- tions will cause economic hardship or injury to efficient vessel operators al- ready operating in the fishery to which the vessel’s operations would be trans- ferred. Hearing procedures will be held in accordance with Part 257 of this subchapter. § 256.8 Penalties. In case the Secretary shall find that a& vessel has operated contrary to the provisions of the Act or of regulations issued thereunder, he shall immediately notify the owner in writing of the spe- cific acts involved and the amount of the penalty. The vessel owner may appeal such a finding to the Secretary in writ- ing within 30 days of the date of mailing such finding to the last known address of the vessel owner. The amount of penalty assessed in any one year shall be equal to the total subsidy paid multiplied by the ratio that one year bears to the total number of years determined, by the Secretary, as the useful life of the ves- sel: Provided, however, That if this amount is not paid within 60 days after receipt of notice then the amount due shall be the total amount of the subsidy paid depreciated to the beginning of the year in which the vessel operated unlaw- fully. Any amount due hereunder shall constitute a maritime lien against the vessel effective at the time the Secretary determines that the vessel has operated in violation of the Act or regulations. § 256.9 Inspection of vessels. The Secretary or the Administrator shall have access at all times to all ves- sels which are being constructed under @ contract providing for a construction subsidy provided for by the Act. December 1964 § 256.10 Payment of subsidy. The subsidy will be paid to the appli- cant after the vessel is completed and evidence of full payment to the shipyard constructing the vessel is presented; or jointly to the applicant and the shipyard upon completion and delivery of the vessel, RoserT M. PAvt, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior. OcToBER 2, 1964. K Ok Ok KK PROPOSED REGULATIONS ANNOUNCED FOR NOTICE AND HEARING REQUIREMENTS OF FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT: ‘Proposed regulations to provide procedures for notice and hearing requirements of the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act (Public Law 88-498) were announced by the U. S. Department of the Interior and publish- ed in the Federal Register, October 29, 1964, The Act, as amended, requires a notice and hearing on certain phases of each application | for a fishing vessel construction subsidy and for permission for a vessel to change fisher- ies when such vessel has been constructed with the aid of the subsidy. ‘The proposed regulations on procedures for notice and hearing requirements include: basis and purpose; definitions; scope of rules; authentication; inspection of records; appear- ance and practice; form, executionandservice of documents; notice, pleadings and replies; hearing procedure; evidence; and decisions, Interested persons were given until Novem- ber 17, 1964, to submit written comments, suggestions, or objections on the proposed regulations to the Director, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, The regulations as they appeared in the Federal Register follow: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR Part 2571] RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR NOTICE AND HEARING ON SUBSIDIES Notice of Proposed Rule Making Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by the Act of June 12, 1960 (Public Law 86-516; 46 U.S.C. 1401- 1413), as amended, it is proposed to adopt 50 CFR Part 257 as set forth below. The | | COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW purpose of these regulations is to provide procedures for notice and hearing re- quirements of the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act (Public Law 88— 498) which was approved August 30, 1964. This Act amended the Act of June 12, 1960, and requires a notice and hearing on certain phases of each application for a subsidy and for permission for a vessel to change fisheries when such vessel has been constructed with the aid of this subsidy. This proposed regulation relates to matters which are exempt from the rule making requirements of the Administra- tive Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003) ; how- ever, it is the policy of the Department of the Interior that, whenever practicable, the rule making requirements be ob- served voluntarily. Accordingly, inter- ested persons may submit written com- ments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed amendments to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within 20 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FepERAL REGISTER. Sec. 257.1 Basis and purpose. 257.2 Definitions. 257.3 Scope of rules. 257.4 Mailing address: 257.5 Authentication. 257.6 Inspection of records. 257.7 Appearance and practice. 257.8 Parties. 257.9 Form, execution and service of docu- ments. 257.10 Notice, pleadings and replies. 257.11 Duties of Presiding Officer. 257.12 Hearing procedure. 257.13 Evidence. 257.14 The record. 257.15 Decisions. AvuTHoRITY: The provisions of this Part 257 issued under the Act of June 12, 1960 (Public Law 86-516), as amended. § 257.1 Basis and purpose. (a) The Act of June 12, 1960 (Public Law 86-516), as amended by the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act (Public Law 88-498) authorizes the Sec- retary of the Interior to pay a subsidy for the construction of fishing vessels in shipyards of the United States and re- quires that this be done only after Notice and Hearing. (b) The purpose of this part is to establish rules of practice and procedure for the notice and hearing. § 257.2 Definitions. Definitions shall be the same as in Part 256 of this subchapter. § 257.3 Scope of rules, The regulations in this part govern the procedure in hearings subject to Part 256 of this subchapter. These hearings are subject to the Administrative Proce- dure Act (5 U.S.C. 1003, et seq.) and Practice Before The Department of the Interior (43 CFR Part 1). The regula- tions shall be construed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determina- tion of every proceeding with full pro- tection for the rights of all parties therein. § 257.4 Mailing address. Documents required to be filed in, and correspondence relating to, proceedings governed by the regulations in this part shall be addressed to the Director, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Depart- ment of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240. 123 124 § 257.5 Authentication. All rules, orders, determinations, and decisions of the Secretary shall be signed by the Secretary. § 257.6 Inspection of records. The files and records of these hearings, except those held by the Secretary for good cause to be confidential, shall be open to inspection and copying as follows: (a) All pleadings, motions, deposi- tions, correspondence, exhibits, tran- scripts of testimony, exceptions, briefs, and decisions in any formal proceeding under this part may be inspected and copied in the office of the Chief, Branch of Loans and Grants, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Department of the In- terior, Washington, D.C., 20240. » (b) Orders, rules, rulings, opinions, determinations, and decisions may be in- spected in the office of the Chief, Branch of Loans and Grants, except those held by the Secretary for good cause to be confidential and not cited as precedents. § 257.7 Appearance and practice. (a) A party may appear in person or by an officer, partner or regular employee of the party; by or with counsel or as otherwise permitted by 43 CFR Part 1in any proceeding under the regulations in this part. A party may offer testimony, produce and examine witnesses, and be heard upon brief and at oral argument if oral argument is granted by the Pre- siding Officer. Attorneys-at-law who are admitted to practice before the Fed- eral Courts or before the courts of any State or possession of the United States, may represent a party as counsel. (b) Persons who appear at any hear- ing shall deliver a written notice of ap- pearance to the official reporter, stating for whom the appearance is being made. The Presiding Officer may require a per- son making an appearance in a repre- sentative capacity to show his authority to act in such capacity. The written ap- pearance shall be made a part of the record. § 257.8 Parties. (a) The term “party” shall include any natural person, corporation, associa- tion, firm, partnership, trustee, receiver, cooperative or governmental agency de- termined by the Presiding Officer as hav- ing an interest in the proceedings. A party making an application shall be designated as “applicant.” A party whose petition for leave to intervene is granted shall be designated an “inter- venor.” Only a party as designated in this section may introduce evidence or examine witnesses at hearings. (b) For an intervenor to prove an in- terest in the hearings he must show that there is a reason for belief that the op- eration of the vessel described in the application will cause economic injury or hardship to efficient vessel operators al- ready operating in the fishery in which it is proposed that the vessel be operated. § 257.9 Form, execution and service of documents. (a) All papers to be filed under the regulations in this part shall be clear and legible; and shall be dated, signed in ink, contain the docket description and title of the proceeding and the title, if any, and the address of the signatory. Five copies of all papers are required to be filed. Documents filed shall be ex- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ecuted by (1) the person or persons filing same, (2) by an authorized officer thereof if it be a corporation or, (3) by an attor- ney or other person having authority with respect thereto. (b) All documents, when filed, shall show that service has been made upon all parties to the proceeding. Such serv- ice shall be made by deli ~ ing one copy to each party in person or by mailing by first class mail, properly addressed with postage prepaid. When a party has ap- Feared by attorney or other representa- tive, service on such attorney or other representative will be deemed service upon the party. The date of service of document shall be the day when the matter served is deposited in the United States mail, shown by the postmark thereon, or is delivered in person, as the case may be. (c) The original of every document filed under this part and required to be served upon all parties to a proceeding shall be accompanied by a certificate of service signed by the party making serv- ice, stating that such service has been made upon each party to the proceeding. Certificates of service may be in substan- tially the following form: I hereby certify that I have this day served the foregoing document upon all parties of record in this proceeding by: (1) Mailing postage prepaid, (2) delivering in person, a copy to each party. Dated at -_-_------ this day of § 257.10 Notice, pleadings and replies. (a) After acceptance of an applica- tion eligible on its face for construction subsidy or for the transfer of a vessel to a different fishery, the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, shall publish a notice of hearing in the FEDERAL REcIS- TER advising that a hearing will be held not less than 30 days after date of such publication and setting the time and place and providing details with respect to such hearing. Any person desiring to intervene and present evidence that the approval of the application will cause economic injury or hardship to efficient vessel operators must file, at least 10 days prior to the date set for the hearing (unless otherwise consented to by the Presiding Officer), a Petition of Inter- vention setting forth his interest. The hearing will be held in Washington, D.C., unless such a petition is received. If such a petition is received, the Presiding Officer may designate a different hearing site by telegraphic notice to the parties in the proceedings. If no petition to in- tervene is received, it will not be neces- sary for the applicant to appear at the hearing if he files all information in writing as required by the Presiding Officer. (b) All petitions shall be in writing and shall state the petitioner’s grounds of interest in the subject matter; the facts relied upon, the relief sought; and shall cite the authority upon which the petition rests. The petition shall be served upon all parties named therein or affected thereby. Answers to petitions must be filed within 5 days of the hear- ing date, unless otherwise consented to by the Presiding Officer. (c) Amendments or supplements to pleadings may be allowed or refused in the discretion of the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer may direct a party Vol. 26, No. 12 to state its case more fully and in more detail by way of amendment. If a re- sponse to an amended pleading is neces- sary, it may be filed and served within the time set by the Presiding Officer. Amendments or supplements allowed prior to hearing will be served in the Same manner as the original pleading. (d) All motions and requests for rul- ings shall state the relief sought, the authority relied upon and the facts al- leged. If made before or after the hear- ing, such motions shall be in writing. If made at the hearing, motions may be stated orally: Provided, however, that the Presiding Officer may require such motion to be reduced to writing and filed and served in the same manner as a for- mal motion. Oral argument upon a written motion, in which an answer has been filed, may be granted within the discretion of the Presiding Officer. An- swers to a formal motion or pleading shall be filed and served in the same manner as the motion or pleading. ‘ § 257.11 Duties of Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer shall have the authority and duty to: (a) Take or cause depositions to be taken. (b) Rule upon proposed amendments or supplements to motions and pleadings. (c) Regulate the course of the hear- ings. (d) Prescribe the order in which evi- dence shall be presented. (e) Dispose of procedural requests or similar matters. (f) Hear and initially rule upon all motions and petitions before him. (g) Administer oaths and affirmations. (h) Examine witnesses. (i) Rule upon offers of proof and re- ceive competent, relevant, material, re- liable, and probative evidence. (j) Exclude irrelevant, immaterial, in- competent, unreliable, repetitious or cumulative evidence. (k) Exclude cross-examination which is primarily intended to elicit self-serv- ing declarations in favor of the witness. (1) Limit cross-examination to in- terrogatories which are required for a full and true disclosure of the facts in issue. (m) Act upon petitions to intervene. , (n) Act upon submissions of facts or arguments. (o) Hear arguments at the close of testimony. (p) Fix the time for filing briefs, motions and other documents to be filed in connection with hearings. (q) Issue the intial decisions and dispose of any other pertinent matter that normally and properly arises in the course of proceedings. § 257.12 Hearing procedure. (a) Unless authorized by the Presiding Officer, witnesses will not be permitted to read prepared testimony into the record. The evidentiary record shall be limited to factual and expert opinion testimony. Arguments will not be re- ceived in evidence but should be pre- sented in opening and/or closing state- ments or in briefs to the Presiding Officer. All exhibits and responses to requests for evidence shall be numbered consecutively by the party submitting same and shall be filed with the Presiding Officer if filed during the hearing. If filed at some other time they should be filed in accord- December 1964 ance with § 257.4 with one copy also being sent to each party to the hearing. (b) Normally, the order of presenta- tion at the hearing will be alphabetical in each of the following categories: (1) Applicant, (2) Intervenors. Rebuttal should be presented without any adjournment in the proceedings. (c) Cross-examination shall be limited, subject to § 257.13(b), to the scope of the direct examination and to witnesses whose testimony is adverse to the party desiring to cross-examine. Only cross- examination which is necessary to test the truth and completeness of the direct testimony and exhibits will be permitted. (d) A request for oral argument at the close of testimony will be granted or denied by the Presiding Officer in his discretion. (e) Rulings of the Presiding Officer may not be appealed prior to, or during, the course of the hearings, except in extraordinary circumstances where prompt decision by the Secretary is necessary to prevent unusual delay or expense, in which instance the matter shall be referred forthwith to the Secre- tary by the Presiding Officer. Any ap- peal shall be filed within 10 days from the date of the close of the hearing. § 257.13 Evidence. (a) In any proceedings under this part, all evidence which is relevant, material, reliable and probative, and not unduly repetitious or cumulative, shall be admissible. Irrelevant and immate- rial or unduly repetitious evidence shall be excluded. (b) Each party shall have the right to present his case or defense by oral or documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal evidence; and to conduct such cross- examination as may be required for a full and true disclosure of the facts. (c) At any time during the hearing the Presiding Officer may call for the Small Business Administration LOANS TO NEW ENGLAND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FIRMS IN SEPTEMBER 1964: Approval of 2 commercial fisheries loans in September 1964 was announced October 6, 1964, by the Boston Regional Office of the Small Business Administration (SBA), A $15,000 direct loan to run 6 years at 4 percent interest was made to Plymouth Pack- ing Co., Inc., Plymouth, Mass, been established to process and distribute precooked frozen stuffed lobster, The loan funds were for machinery and equipment ($3,800), inventory ($5,000), packaging sup- plies ($3,200), and working capital ($3,000). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW production of further relevant and ma- terial evidence, reports, studies and anal- yses upon any issue, and require such evidence to be presented by the party or parties concerned, either at the hear- ing or adjournment thereof. Such ma- terial shall be received subject to ap- propriate motions, cross-examination and/or rebuttal. If a witness refuses to testify or produce the evidence as re- quested, the Presiding Officer shall forth- with report such refusal to the Secretary. § 257.14 The record. (a) The Director, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, will designate an offi- cial reporter for all hearings. The offi- cial transcript of testimony taken, to- gether with any exhibits and briefs filed therewith, shall be filed with the Direc- tor, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Transcripts of testimony will be avail- able in any proceeding under the regu- lations of this part, and will be supplied by the official reporter to the parties and to the public, except when required for good cause to be held confidential, at rates fixed by the contract between the United States of America and the reporter. If the reporter is an employee of the Department of the Interior, the rate will be fixed by the Director, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. (b) The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together with all papers and requests, including rulings and the ini- tial decision filed in the proceeding, shall constitute the exclusive record for deci- sion. The initial decision will be predi- cated on this same record, as will the final decision, § 257.15 Decisions. (a) The Presiding Officer is delegated the authority to render initial decisions in all proceedings before him. The same officer who presides at the reception of evidence shall render the initial decision except when such officer becomes un- available to the Department of the v3 The firm has 125 Interior. In such case, another Presid- ing Officer will be designated by the Secretary to render the initial decision. Briefs, or other documents, to be sub- mitted after the hearing must be re- ceived not later than ten (10) days after the hearing unless otherwise extended by the Presiding Officer upon motion by @ party. The initial decision shall be made within twenty (20) days after the hearing or the receipt of all briefs, whichever is later. If no appeals from the initial decision are received within ten (10) days of the date of the initial decision, it will become the final decision on the twentieth day following the date of the initial decision. If an appeal is received, the appeal will be transmitted to the Secretary who will render the final decision after considering the record and the appeal. (b) Allinitial and final decisions, shall include a statement of findings and con- clusions, as well as the reasons or basis therefor, upon the material issues pre- sented. A copy of each decision shall be served on the parties to the proceed- ing, and furnished to interested persons upon request. (c) Official notice may be taken of such matters as might be judicially no- ticed by the courts; or of technical or scientific facts within the general or spe- cialized knowledge of the Department of the Interior as an expert body; or of & document required to be filed with or published by a duly constituted Gov- ernment body: Provided, That where a decision or part thereof rests on the of- ficial notice of a material fact not ap- pearing in the evidence of the record, the fact of official notice shall be so stated in the decision and any party, on timely request, shall be afforded an opportunity to show the contrary. Frank P. Briccs, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. OcToBER 26, 1964. A $2,000 direct loan was made to Frank L, Howard, Jr., Portsmouth, N. H., who oper- ates a restaurant and lobster fishing business, KOK OK KK DISASTER LOANS FOR HURRICANE-DAMAGED AREAS: The Small Business Administration (SBA) has authorized disaster loan assistance in those areas of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana damaged by the recent hurricanes and accompanying torna- does, Disaster loans at 3 percent interest and terms up to 20 years are available to help restore businesses and homes suffering storm damage, Field agents of the Small Business Administration should be contacted for addi- tional information, a&~eos 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Eighty -Eighth Congress (Second Session) Public bills and resolutions which may di- rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and tH {Le (imei allied industries are reported upon. Intro- duction, referral to committees, pertinent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT APPROPRIA- TIONS: Agricultural Appropriations for 1965, Hear- ings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Ap- propriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, on H.R. 11202, making Appropriations for the Department of Agriculture and the Farm Credit Admin- istration for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for other purposes, 1,415 pp., printed; Volume I, Farm- ers Home Administration, Rural Electrification Admin- istration, Testimony of Members of Congress, Organ= izations and Individuals, Reports to the Committee from Department of Agriculture, 868 pp., illus., printed. Hearings began March 10, 1964, and were completed July 22, 1964. Contents consist of Departmental testi- mony justifying the request for funds. Included are statements and testimony on the Agriculture Market News Service and its new services. CHEMICAL PESTICIDES COORDINATION: Inter=- ization and International Organizations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session, Agency Coordination Study (Pur- suant to S. Res. 27, 88th Cong., as amended). Coordin- ation of Activities Relating to the Use of Pesticides, Part I (including exhibits), May 16, 22, 23, June 4, 25, 1963; Part 2 (including exhibits), July 17, 1963; Part 3 (including exhibits) July 18 and 23, 1963; Part 4 (includ- ing exhibits), Aug. 20 and 21, 1963; 1,059 pp., illus., printed. Included are testimonies and exhibits submit- ted by various Federal and state officials, Senators, doctors, associations, and representatives of business firms. The Subcommittee examined interagency coord- ination in environmental hazards and the role of the Federal Government as it deals with man's contamin- ation of his environment. The Chairman pointed out that contamination comes from many sources and has many effects--in air, water, soil, crops, food, wildlife, and human beings. One consequence of this chemical age in which we live is the hazard to the environment cre- ated by use of chemical poisons to control insects and Vol. 26, No. 12 other pests, eliminate undesired vegetation, and prevent the infection of plants and animals--including man-- by disease organisms. The use of chemical poisons is widespread and growing, The National Academy of Sciences estimates that since World War II the produc- tion of pesticides, including herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides has reached a total of approximately 1bil- lion pounds annually or about 6 pounds per person, The chemicals have a great potential for good and for harm, The purpose of the hearings was to find out just what the problem is, how much we know about it, and don't know, and what the Government, industry, andthe public are doing about it. Of special concern is the extent to which the various Federal agencies interested in the problem coordinate their activities, exchange informa- tion, and administer their various programs ofresearch, use, and regulation inan efficient and economical manner, FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: Fish Protein Con- centrate, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2ndsessionon Fed- eral Government's research program on fish protein concentrate, Aug, 14, 1964, Serial No. 60, 130pp., illus., printed. Contents include statements and letters of var- ious Federal officials, Senators, and Sport Fishing In- stitute. The Committee pointed out that for some 3 years now the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been carrying on research aimed at the development ofa con- centrate from fish which would provide an inexpensive yet protein-rich supplement. In fiscal 1962 Congress appropriated $50,000 for preliminary research efforts. The project has gotten under way on a larger scale dur- ing the last 2 years with annual appropriations of ap- proximately $450,000. With those funds, the Bureau is carrying on extensive experiments in its laboratories in College Park, Md. Various processes and reagents are being tested, Nutrition studies are also being car- ried out. Other studies have been let out on contract by the Bureau. The Chairman stated that the purpose of the hearing. was to bring the Congress and the public up to date on the progress that is being made, The devel- opment of an inexpensive protein supplement could en- rich the diets of people around the world--some 2 mil- lion of whom suffer from a protein deficiency, The Chairman also said that they hoped in the course of the hearing to learn what standards a marketable concen- trate would have to meet, how the products the Bureau has developed stand in relation to those standards, and how expensive or difficult they would be to produce, When time permits the scheduling of a more extensive hearing is planned, according to the Chairman, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: H. Doc. 353, Coasts of the Hawaiian Islands, Letter from the Secretary of the Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, De- partment of the Army, Dated May 15, 1964, Submitting a Report, Together with Accompanying Papers and [l- lustrations, on an Interim Survey of the Coasts of the Hawaiian Islands, Authorized by the River and Harbor Act Approved May 17, 1950; referred to Committee on Public Works, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, Aug. 19, 1964, 119 pp., illus., printed. Contains favorable report from the, Army Chief of Engi- neers, of harbors for light-draft vessels at eight harbor sites in Hawaii. Besides the report of the district engi- neer (giving the authority, description of harbors, and economic analysis, results of investigation, and recom- mendations), it contains comments from various Feder- al agencies, State of Hawaii, and reports from Chief of Engineers and Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors, One section of the report deals with Hawaii's commercial fishing industry and discusses (1) scale of industry and fish catch; (2) fishing boats and type of op- December 1964 erations; and (3) future growth of fishing industry, Sev- eral appendixes appear, including design and cost es- timate; benefits; economic base study of the State of Hawaii; coordination with other agencies; and summary of public hearings. INDIAN FISHING RIGHTS: Indian Fishing Rights, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, on S, J. Res. 170 and S. J. Res, 171 (Joint resolutions regarding In- dian fishing rights), Aug, 5-6, 1964, 251 pp., printed, Contents include texts and departmental reports (Inter- ior, Justice) on both bills; statements and communica- tions of Indian Tribes, Federal and state officials, and associations; affidavits of noted biologists and fisheries experts; U.S. Supreme Court case citations; commercial landings of spring, summer and fall chinook and sock- eye salmon and steelhead trout, 1951-63; Indian tribal ordinances, fishing regulations, and resolutions; steel- head catch in 1962; Washington State Supreme Court and Superior Court discussions and opinions. S. J. Res. 170 would authorize states to enact and to enforce laws of a. purely regulatory nature concerning the time and man- ner of fishing outside an Indian Reservation that are for the purpose of conservation of fish, and thatare equally COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 applicable to Indians and all other citizens without dis- tinction; and that legislation enacted pursuant to this law is declared to be in furtherance of and not in derogation of the treaties involved. S, J. Res. 171 would provide for the acquisition by the Secretary of the Interior ofthe Indian treaty rights. TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM: H. Doc, 366, Annual Report on the Operation of the Trade Agreements Program, in Accordance with Section 402 (a) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962; referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 88th Con- gress, 2nd Session, Sept, 23, 1964, 27 pp., printed. This report lists the important advantages to the United States of expanding international trade in 1963, Discusses the United States and world trade in perspective; the new organizational arrangements of the trade agreements program under the Trade Expansion Act; the trade agree- ments program and the GATT; progress in 1963 on re- moval of foreign restrictions against United States ex- ports; the revised tariff schedules; cases under the es- cape clause provisions; and resolution on trade negotia- tions adopted at the GATT ministerial meeting, May 16- 21, 1963, Geneva. PRESIDENT LAUDS SAN PEDRO FISHERMEN'S FIESTA In 1964, San Pedro (Calif.) held its 14th annual Fishermen's Fiesta, Oc- tober 23-25, A telegraph message from President Johnson read: "T am delighted to extend to all who participate in the San Pedro Fisher- men's Fiesta my good wishes for a successful festival. "Few ways of life canboast the hardy traditions of the fisherman. Fish- ing is America's oldest occupation and one which continues to assume a vital role in the lives of our citzens. "Your city has throughout its eventful life been one of our nation's fore- most fishing ports. This enviable reputationbrings just pride and distinction 1 to the people of San Pedro which serves as a truly fitting place for a tribute to America's fishermen. "T wish to express my warm appreciation to the men and women of San Pedro and to all Americans who strive to preserve the honor and dignity of the work of the fishermen. (Also see cover legend.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 128 4 a FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OF- FICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20402, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES, SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (CIMITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-3144 - Canned Fishery Products, 1962 Annual Summary (Revised), 17 pp. CFS-3157 - Industrial Fishery Products, 1962 Annual Summary (Revised), 9 pp. CFS-3536 - Virginia Landings, 1963 Annual Summary, 11 pp. CFS-3565 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, February 1964, 16 pp. CFS-3569 - Florida Landings, May 1964, 8 pp. CFS-3570 - Maine Landings, June 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3571 - Frozen Fishery Products, July 1964, 8 pp. CFS-3575 - Massachusetts Landings, February 1964, 9 pp. CFS-3577 - Michigan Landings, May 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3578 - Massachusetts Landings, March 1964, 9 pp. CFS-3579 - Virginia Landings, May 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3580 - Maryland Landings, June 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3581 - Texas Landings, January 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3582 - Texas Landings, February 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3585 - Mississippi Landings, January 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3587 - New York Landings, June 1964, 5 pp. CFS-3588 - North Carolina Landings, July 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3591 - Mississippi Landings, February 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3592 - Mississippi Landings, March 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3593 - Mississippi Landings, April 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3594 - Mississippi Landings, May 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3595 - Louisiana Landings, June 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3596 - Rhode Island Landings, April 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3597 - Ohio Landings, May 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3598 - Shrimp Landings, May 1964, 5 pp. CFS-3599 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, May 1964, 24 pp. CFS-3603 - California Landings, June 1964, 4 pp. CFS-3605 - Florida Landings, June 1964, 8 pp. CFS-3606 - Fish Meal and Oil, July 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3609 - Mississippi Landings, June 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3610 - Alabama Landings, January 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3611 - Alabama Landings, February 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3612 - Alabama Landings, March 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3615 - Alabama Landings, June 1964, 3 pp. CFS-3619 - Georgia Landings, March 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3620 - Georgia Landings, April 1964, 2 pp. CFS-3633 - Alabama Landings, July 1964, 3 pp. @ FISHERY PUBLICATIO re LOL) I eS a OO LR IPE EL uN Af ue 2 p emma $d tae 4 OSA.“ i Bie Sep. No. 712 - Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.). Sep. No. 713 - Age Composition of the Commercial Cal- ifornia Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963. SSR-Fish. No. 446 - Age and Size Composition of the Menhaden Catch Along the Atlantic Coast of the Unit- ed States, 1958, with a Brief Review of the Commer- cial Fishery, by Fred C. June and William R. Nich- olson, 44 pp., illus., May 1964. SSR-Fish. No. 478 - Age and Size Composition of the Menhaden Catch along the Atlantic Coast of the Unit- ed States, 1959, with a Brief Review of the Commer- cial Fishery, by William R. Nicholson and Joseph R. Higham, Jr., 37 pp., illus., July 1964. There were 705,000 tons of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyran- nus) caught during the 1959 purse seine ‘shen aaah 614,000 tons taken during the summer fishery and 91,000 tons during the North Carolina fall fishery. This was the second largest catch in the period 1955- 59. The number of purse-seine sets (33,099) also reached a record in the same 5-year period. The mean catch per set(21 tons)was the same as in 1958, when the smallest catch (551,000 tons) in 5 years was taken. The near-record catch was primarily the result of 2 exceptionally large year-classes. The 1958 year-class (age-1 fish) constituted 91 percent of the catch in the South Atlantic Area, 90 percent in the Chesapeake Bay Area, and 58 percent in the Mid- dle Atlantic Area. The 1956 year-class accounted for 58 percent of the catch in the North Atlantic Area and 58 percent in the North Carolina fall fishery. Mean lengthand weight of age-1 fishin all areas was the smallest in 5 years. Annual Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass. for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1962, by Joseph W. Slavin, Circular 182, 21 pp., illus., August 1964. »The Laboratory located in the fishing port of Gloucester, Mass., one of six operated by the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, specializes in investigations on im- proving the quality of those fish and shellfish indig- enous to the North Atlantic area of the country. Ma- jor fisheries of that region include groundfish, sea herring, lobsters, sea scallops, oysters, and clams. The report discusses research on the chemistry and biochemistry of fish, radiation-pasteurization re- search, preservation and processing research, stand- ards and specifications research, and inspection and certification of fishery products. Included are publi- cations by Laboratory personnel and a list of papers presented at meetings. December 1964 THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U.S, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, RM, 510, 1815 N, FORT MYER DR., ARLINGTON, VA, 22209, Number Title MNL-22 - Republic of South Africa and Territory of South West Africa Fisheries, 1963 (Supple- ment), 8 pp. MNL-56 - Norwegian Fisheries, 1963, 8 pp. MNL-75 - Argentina's Fishing Industry, 1963, 6 pp. MNL-81 - France's Fishing Industry, 1963, 12 pp. MNL-82 - Fisheries of Ecuador, 1962-1963 and First Quarter 1964, 13 pp. MNL-90 - Belgian Fishing Industry, 1963, 32 pp. MNL-91 - Fisheries of Malaya, 1962-63, 23 pp. MNL-92 - Greenland's Fisheries during 1963, and 1964 Trends, 58 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE PUB- LICATION IS AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD. E., SEATTLE, WASH, 98102. Outline for a Fishery Economics Proyram, Translation Series No. 38, 10 pp., processed September 1963. (Translated from the Japanese, Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan.) THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTI - CLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20560, Development of the Sense Organs of the Lateral Life Line System of the Perch and Ruff, by N. N. Disler, 66 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Instituta Morfologii Zhivotnykh Imeni A. N. Severtsova, vol. 2, » PP. B5-130) FALaA Geographical Distribution of Bathypelagic Fishes of the family N ctophidae inthe Pacific Ocean, by Theodor > S’ Rass, 5 pp., processed. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, Akademii Nauk, vol. 41, 1960, pp. 146-152. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- TICLE 1S AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE REGIONAL OFFICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, 101 SEASIDE AVE., TERMINAL ISLAND, CALIF, 90731. Comments on Van Cleve and Johnson's Paper on the (Translated from the Japanese, Northern Waters Re- sources Research Council of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, September 1964, 31 pp.) THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED, (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, May and June 1 , 8 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Bal- timore, Md. 21202.) Receiptsoffresh- and salt-wa- ter fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and comparisons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore market; for the months indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, August’ 36d, 16 pp. (Market News Service, U. 5. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery re- ceipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 129 mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; Calif- ornia and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il - Fishing Information, August and September 1964, 15 and 8 pp., respectively, illus. (U. S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Labora- tory, P. O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego Calif. 92100.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Codst tuna-fishing industry and marine scien- tists; for the months indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fisher roducts Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, July y oG2- 17 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Customs House, 610 S. Canal St., Rm. 1014, Chicago, Ill. 60607.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces forfresh- and salt-wa- ter fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month indicated. Gulf of Mexico Monthly ee Production and Ship- ments of Fisher roducts, August 1964, 11 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fishand Wildlife Serv- ice, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, fintish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish onthe New Orleans French Market fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Tex- as, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and pro- duction of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the month indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland. August Sd September 1964, 4 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fishand Wildlife Serv- vice, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fishand shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters forthe Virginia areas of Hamp- ton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Cris- field, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Caro- lina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the months indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, August ~ 1964, 22 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish- ery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massa- chusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Province town, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rock- land), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to pri- mary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. 130 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Summary, July 1964, 18 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York , N. Y. 10038.) Includes summaries and ana- lyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-wa- ter sections; imports entered at New York customs district; primary wholesalers! selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Mar- ket docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indi- cated, Rampart Canyon Dam and Reservoir Project, Yukon River, Alaska, 122 pp., printed, 1964. (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska 99801.) (Seattle) Washington and A.aska Receipts and Landings of ae Products for Selected Areas and Fisher- ies, Mont ly Summary, September 1964, 9 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ~ 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the hal- ibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pa- cific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by inde- pendent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washing - ton customs district; for the month indicated. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL- PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20 . Outdoor Fish Cookery, Circular 189, 10 pp., July 1964, to be purchased in quantity at $35 for the first 1,000 and $18 for each additional 1,000. A folder contain- ing recipes for outdoor preparation of a variety of fish and shellfish including bacon-wrapped smelt, scallop kabobs; and Louisiana shrimp boil, and peppy seafood sauce. Also offers tips on starting an out- door fire, how to achieve a smoky flavor in the fish, and how to purchase fish portions. "Photographing otoliths and scales," by Robert K. Brig- ham and Albert C. Jensen, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 26, no. 3, July 1964; pp, 131-135, illus.; processed, Single copy 25 cents. Pondweeds and Pondweedlike Plants of Eastern North America, by Neil Hotchkiss, Circilar 197, 30 Pp., 25 cents, July 1964, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILO- LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION TSSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW HOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER ENTIONED, DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. Ss M ACCLIMATIZATION: "Akklimatizatsiya ryb v vodoemakh Sovetskovo Soyu- ! za''(Acclimatization of fishinwaters of the Soviet Un- | Vol, 26, No, 12 ion), by A. Isaev, article, Rybovodstvo i Rybolovtvo, vol. 6, no. 2, 1963, pp. 7-10, illus., printed in Rus— Sian. Rybovodstvo i Rybolovstvo, Orlikov pereulok 1/11, Moscow, I-139, U. S. S, R, AFRICA; Directory of Fisheries Institutions in Africa, pro- cessed, March 1964. FAO Regional Fisheries Of- ficer for Africa, P. O. Box 1268, Accra, Ghana. ALGAE: "Chemistry of diatomic algae (Diatomeae)," by G. K. Barashkov, article, 15 pp., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Botanicheakiy Zhur- nal, Akadémiya Nauk SSSR, vol. 45, no. 9, 1960, pp. 1350-1356.) Translation Division, Foreign Techno- logy Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. 4 ANCHOVY: “Areas de migracion y ecologia de la anchoa Lycen- graulis olidus (Gunther) en las aguas argentinas (Pisces, fam. Engraulidae)"' (Migration areas and ecology of the anchovy Lycengraulis olidus--Gun- ther--in Argentinian waters--Pisces, fam. Engrau- lidae), by M. L. Fuster de Plaza and E. E. Boschi, article, Contribuciones Ciencias Seria Zoologica Universidad Buenos Aires, vol. ienofss FRLiR pp. 127-183, printed in Spanish with English summary. Universidad Nacionale de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. "Dinamika khimicheskogo sostava azovskoi khamsy Vv Svyazi s oSobennostyami ee biologii'’ (Relation of variations in the chemical composition of Azov anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus L. to characteris - tics of its biology), by G. E. Shul'man, article, Re- ferativnii Zhurnal Biologiia, 1963, 3170, printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi- Informatsii, Moscow, U.S. S. R. ) AQUATIC WEEDS: "Control of aquatic weeds by the snail Marisa cor- nuarietis,"’ by D. E. Seaman and W. A. Porterfield, article, Weeds, vol. 12, no. 2, 1964, pp. 87-91, illus., printed. Weed Society of America, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. ARGENTINA: Produccion Pesquera Argentina en el Primer Se- mestre de 1564 (Fishery Production in Argentina in the First Half of 1964), 15 pp., processed in Span- ish, August 1964. Departamento de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Direccion General de Pescay Conser- vacion de la Fauna, Secretaria de Estado de Agri- cultura y Ganaderia, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AUSTRALIA: Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Re- search, vol. 15, no. I, July 1964, 109 pp., illus, printed, single copy 10s. (about US$1.40). Editorial and Publications Section, CSIRO, Sixth Floor, 372 Albert St., East Melbourne, C2, Australia. In- cludes, among others, articles on: ''The spiny lob- ster, Jasus lalandei (H. Milne-Edwards), in South Australia. I--Growth of captive animals," by D. R. Fielder; and "Subterranean freshwater prawns (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Australia," by W. D. Williams. Eighth Annual Report of the Operation of the Fishin “Industry Act 1956 during the Year Ended 30th June December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131 1964, 7 pp., processed. Department of Primary BIBLIOGRAPHIES: Industry, Canberra, A. C. T., Australia. Agriculture, Food, Fishes, Forestry. Part I--PL-480 fans Tation Peeper, SEUS0, Topp processed, Feb- AUSTRIA: ruary 1964, cents. Office of Technical Services, Osterreichs Fischerei, no. 3/4, 1964, 52 pp., illus., U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. printed in German. Bundesinstitut fur Gewasser- 20230. Public Law 480 (Agricultural Trade Develop- forschung und Fischereiwirtschaft, Scharfling am ment and Assistance Act of 1954, as amended) au- Mondsee, Austria. Includes articles on: ''Die exakt thorized the President to enter into agreements with dosierte anwendung von hydratkall--ein neues heil- friendly nations for the sale abroad of American sur- verfahren bei fischerkrankungen" (Application of a plus agricultural commodities for foreign currencies. precise dosage of hydrate of lime in a new treat- The PL-480 Translation Program is financed with ment of fish diseases), by Wilhelm Einsele; "Die currencies thus accrued in Israel, Poland, and Yugo- jauchevergiftung von fischen--eine ammoniakver- slavia. Material to be translated is selected by sci- giftung" (Sewage water poisoning of fish--ammonia entists of United States agencies participating in the poisoning), by Elisabeth Danecker; and ''Elektro- program, and arrangements are made in those coun- fischerei und gewasserleitvermogen in Osterreich" tries for their translation and printing. As of Janu- (Electric fishing and stream resources in Austria). ary 1964, about 112,000 pages of translation from Russian, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian have been com- Selling in Austria, by Stuart M. Matlins, OBR 64-70, pleted. A charge of about one cent a page is made to pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of In- the public for this material, helping to offset the ex- ternational Commerce, U. S. Department of Com- pense of handling. This report lists 55 translations merce, Washington, D. C, (For sale by the Super- on fisheries subjects. intendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) High domestic Bibliography of Scientific Contributions, Final Report, economic activity, the availability of foreign ex- TROct; 55-30 Sept. 62, by J. B. Hersey, I5pp., printed, change reserves, strong demand for both consumer October 1963. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, goods and capital equipment, and the continuing lib- Woods Hole, Mass. eralization of imports--all should assist United States exporters interested in selling in Austria. BIOCHEMISTRY: The report discusses import channels; import re- "Effect of lipid content on protein-sodium linolenate quirements; distribution practices; and transporta- interaction in fish muscle homogenates," by Marga- tion, port, and storage facilities. Also covers com- ret L. Anderson and Maynard A. Steinberg, article, mercial practices in Austria, marketing aids, Gov- Journal of Food Science, vol. 29, no. 3, 1964, pp. 329- ernment procurement, selling under United States 330, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510- programs, and information for business travelers. 522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, I11. BACTERIA IN FISH: BOTULISM: "Food putrefaction. I[I--Amine production by putre- A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Significance of factive bacteria in fish,'' by M. Katae and H. Kawa- ~ Botulism in the Canadian Fisheries, by Charles H. — guchi, article, Bulletin, University of Osaka Prefec- Castell, Circular (New Series) No. 14, 11 pp., printed, ture, Ser. B, 1959, pp. 117-127, printed in Japanese. 1964. Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries University of Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan. Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada. BACTERIOLOGY: BRAZIL: "Bacteriology of chilled water during the preservation} Basic Data on the Economy of Brazil, by Gertrude of fish,"' by N. N. De Silva, article, Bulletin of the Heare, OBR 64-75, 24 pp., illus., printed, June 1964, Fisheries Research Station of Ceylon, vol. 16, no. 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. I, 1963, pp. 1-24, printed. Department of Fisheries, Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For P. O. Box 531, Galle Face, Colombo 3, Ceylon. sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) A Study of Some Organisms of Public Health Signifi- Discusses Brazil's geography, population, and Goy- cance from Fish and Fishery Products, by M. D. ernment; economic structure; industrial sectors; Appleman, Nora Bain, and J. M. Shewan, Torry financial institutions; foreign trade; Government role Memoir No. 165, 9 pp., printed. (Reprinted from in the economy; and economic outlook. Also contains The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 27, no. 1, a section covering the labor force, wages, and un- April 1964, pp. 69-77.) Prememuieecares Station, employment. 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. Conocimientos Actuales sobre la Pesca y la Biologia "Survival of staphylococci on frozen fish," by N. N. de las Especies Marinas de Importancia Comercia De Silva, article, Bulletin of the Fisheries Research én el Sur del Brasil (Present Knowledge of the Fish- Station of Ceylon, vol. 16, no. 2, 1963, pp. 11-18, ery and the Biology of the Marine Species of Com- printed. Department of Fisheries, P. O. Box 531, mercial Importance in Southern Brazil), Carpas Galle Face, Colombo 3,, Ceylon. Technical Paper No. 1, processed in Spanish, 1964. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- BASS: tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. The Life History of the Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus ~D. Dolmieui, at Waugoshance Point, Lake Michigan, | BREAM: by William C. Latta, Bulletin No. 5, 56 par peniec Preliminary Studies on Life History of Threadfin Bream 1963. Institute for Fisheries Research, Ann Arbor, RUS HEXODON) in the Guif of Thailand, Mich. by A. P. Isarankura and Suchart Pariyanond, Contri- 132 bution No. 1, 28 pp., printed in Thai and English, 1963. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand. CANADA: Canada's Pacific Marine Fisheries; Past Performance and Future Prospects, by P. A. Larkin and W. B. Ricker, 75 pp., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Fif- teenth British Columbia Natural Resources Confer- ence, 1964.) Department of Natural Resources of British Columbia, Victoria, B. C., Canada. Canadian Fisheries Reports, no. 3, May 1964, 109pp., illus., printed. Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. This is- sue is made up entirely of background papers pre- pared for a Federal-Provincial Conference on Fish- eries Development, held in Ottawa, January 20-24, 1964. The purpose of the papers was to give an in- dication of the current situation in Canada in sever- al aspects of the management, use, and development of the fishery resources. Includes, among others, articles on: ‘Availability of fish," by G. F, M. Smith and W. E. Ricker; ''Population management," by G. F. M, Smith and A. L. Pritchard; 'Develop- ment of improved fishing techniques,"’ by Jean Frechet; ''Economic efficiency," by W. C. MacKen- zie; ''Research on quality, processing and products," by E. G. Bligh; "Inspection and quality control," by H. V. Dempsey; "Improvement of shore facilities," by W. E. Snaith; ''The market for Canadian fish pro- ducts,'' by Antonin Proulx; and ''Financial aspects of development," by I. S. McArthur. Commercial Fishing at Ile a la Crosse (a Survey of Returns and Expenses), by Helen Buckley, 14 pp., printed, 1962. Centre for Community Studies, Uni- versity Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada. Commercial Fishing Licence Report, British Colum- bia, 1963, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Canadian Depart- ment of Fisheries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Fisheries Statistics, Quebec, 1962, 36 pp., illus., printed in French and English, 75 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, July 1964. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of the principal species of fish and shellfish landed in Quebec, 1950-1962; quantity and value of landings by species and fisheries dis- tricts; quantity and value of processed fishery pro- ducts by species; capital investment in gear and vessels; and number of fishermen employed, by fisheries districts; during 1961-1962. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, no. 4, July 1964, 210 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$2. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Contains, among others, articles on: "Abundance and distribution of lobster larvae (Homarus amer- icanus) in Northumberland Strait,'"by D. J. Scarratt; Serologically differentiated subpopulations of the Pacific sardine, Sardinops caerulea," by Andrew M. Vrooman; ''Extractives of fish muscle. 4--Seasonal variations of fat, water-solubles, protein, and wa- ter in cod (Gadus morhua L.) fillets,"’ by N. Dam- bergs; ''A technique for prolonged blood sampling in free-swimming salmon," by Lynwood S. Smithand Gordon R. Bell; Temperatures and thaw -drip as- sociated with electronic thawing of Newfoundland cod," by W. A. MacCallum; "Vital statistics of Esox | COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 masquinongy in Nogies Creek, Ontario. Il--Popula- tion size, natural mortality, and the effect of fishing," by Barry S. Muir; ''Use of gamma radiation for the preservation of scallop meat,'' by H. E. Power and others; ''Gamma irradiation as a means of extending the storage life of haddock fillets,'' by H. E. Power and others; ''Movements of halibut on the Nova Sco- tian and Grand Banks,"' by A. C. Kohler; "Pilchard oil: an analysis for component fatty acids with par- ticular reference to the C24 chain length," by R. G. Ackman and J. C. Sipos; ''An air-lift pump for ele- vating salmon, herring, and other fish of similar size," by S. W. Roach, F. G. Claggett, and J. S. M. Harrison; ''Rockfish (Sebastodes brevispinis) in British Columbia waters, by S. J. Westrheim; and "Apparent onset of rigor mortis in steehead trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the absence of loss of adenosine triphosphate from the ordinary muscle," by N. Tom- linson, S. E. Geiger, and W. W. Kay. Les Poissons du Quebec (Fishes of Quebec), by B. Juchereau Duchesnay, 47 pp., illus., printed in French, 1964. Les Editions de 1'domme, Montreal, Que., Canada. Rapport Annuel, 1963 (Annual Report, 1963), 136 pp., printed in French, 1964. Station de Biologie Marine, Ministere de l'Industrie et du Commerce, Grande- Riviere, Que., Canada. "The research program. Progress in 1961 in Cana- dian research on problems raised by the Protocol," article, Annual Report for 1961, pp. 29-47, printed, 1963. emo North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C., Canada. ’ Summary of 1963 Fishing Operations, North Shore Fleet, New Brunswick (Preliminary Report), 6 pp., processed, May 1964. Economics Service, Depart- ment of Fisheries, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Ottawa, Canada. Contains statistical tables giving a sum mary of fishing activities and financial outcome; ' average landings by species; average landed value by species; average prices received by species; and average receipts, expenditures, and net returns for New Brunswick's North Shore fleet. Summary of 1963 Fishing Operations, Nova Scotia (Preliminary Report), 16 pp., processed, April 1964. Economics Service, Department of Fisheries, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Ottawa, Canada. Discusses briefly the types of vessels covered in the report, characteristics of the vessels, their operational per- formance, and financial returns to labor and capital. Includes statistical tables giving summaries of fish- ing activities and financial outcome for 45-64-foot vessels, and for scallop draggers and otter trawlers; average landings by species; average landed values by species; average prices received by species; average receipts, expenditures, and net returns for 45- to 65-foot vessels, andfor scallop draggers and otter trawlers; and percentage distribution of catches by fishing grounds. Working Parer on the Commercial Fishing Industr in Northern Saskatchewan (with Particular Reference to Government Policy), by Helen Buckley, 23 pp., printed, 1963. Centre for Community Studies, Uni- versity Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. CARP: "Pro khimichnyi sklad krovi deyakykh ryb (korop, sazan)" (The chemical composition of the blood of some fish--carp, sazan), by I. D. Holovatskyi, B. S. Avdos'yev, and Z. P. Nazardevych, article, Biolog- ical Abstracts, vol. 44, no. 4, 1963, 14267, printed. Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. CEYLON: "Partial Survey and Critique of Ceylon's marine fish- eries,'' by J.C. Medcof, article, Bulletin of the Fish- eries Research Station of Ceylon, vol. 16,no. 2, 1963, pp. 29-118, printed. Department of Fisheries, P. O. Box 531, Galle Face, Colombo 3, Ceylon. Report on the Fishery of Ceylon and the Possibilities of Development under Special Consideration of the Construction of Fishing Ports in Galle and Trin- ~ comalee, by Klaus Tiews and K. Minnemann, Ses- Sional Paper No. XX-1963, 55 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Government Press, Colombo, Ceylon. CHILE: Montemar, vol. 11, no. 4, March 1964, 64 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English summaries. Insti- tuto de Biologia, Estacion de Biologia Marina, Uni- versidad de Chile, Casilla 13-D, Vina del Mar, Chile. Includes articles on: "Resultados cuantitativos del zooplancton colectado frente a la costa chilena por la Expedicion 'Marchile I'"' (Quantitative results of Zooplankton collected along the Chilean coast by the "Marchile'' Expedition), by Elda FagettiG. and Wal- ter Fischer K.; and "Nota sobre larvas de Brachi- opoda Discinidae de la costa chilena'' (Note on the larvae of the Brachiopod Discinidae of the Chilean coast), by Elda Fagetti G. CLAMS: The Fishing Efficiency of the Clam Hack and Mortal- “ities Incidental to Fishing, by J. S. MacPhail, Man- uscript Report Series (Biological) No. 784, 15 pp., printed, 1964. Biological Station, Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Cana- da. Sanitary Engineering Conference, 2d, Vanderbilt Uni- versity, --Effects of an Introduced Clam (COR- BICULA) on Water Quality in the Tennessee River Valley, by Ralph M. pncieeie cee illus., printed. anderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. COD: "Eksperimental'nye issledovaniya vozmozhnosti viz - hivaniya ikry i molodi Baltiiskoi treski (Gadus mor- hua callarias L.) v Chernomorskoi vode" (Experi- ments on the viability of eggs and young of Baltic cod--Gadus morhua callarias L.--in Black Sea wa- ters), by N. N. Gorbunova, article, Voprosy Ikhtio- logii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 411-413, illus., printed 1 rated. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologiches - kaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.5. R. "New cod fishing grounds off Labrador and the north- east coast of Newfoundland," by A. W. May, article, Trade News, vol. 16, no. 12, June 1964, pp. 3-6, il- Ius., processed. Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses the growth since the early 1950's of a year-round cod fishery at the edge of the continental shelf about 150 miles from the Canadian Atlantic coast. During 1960-62, almost one million metric tons of cod were landed in that area. The Canadian Government's re- search vessel A. T. Cameron has conducted 13 ex- ploratory cruises in the area. "It is apparent that lucrative fishing is to be found on these northern grounds in spring, but it depends almost entirely on ice conditions,"' concludes the author. CONTAINERS: "Corrosive conditions of coated tin cans containing sterilized canned fish in acidic sauces,"' by G. Wuns- che, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri, vol. 49, 1963, p. 29, printed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetik- fabrikers Landsforening, Stavanger, Norway. Influence of Type of Freezer Carton Materials on Mois- ture Loss from Frozen Fish during Storage, by J. W. Boyd, B. A. Southcott, and D. Petrie, Circular No. 31, 8 pp., printed, 1964. Technological Research Labora- tory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Non-Returnable: Fish Boxes, by J. Wignall, Torry Ad- visory Note No. 16, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Torry Re- search Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. COOPERATIVES: Technical Meeting on Fishery Cooperatives, Naples, 1959--Fishermen's Cooperative Fraternity - San Sebastian (Guipuzcoa) Spain - C. 0. P. E. G. U.T. (An Industrial Seas for the Defense of Fish Prices, Based on Market Control and Disposal of Surplus), by L. Echeverria and J. A. Urquizu, 10 pp., printed, 1959. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. CORAL: "Deep water corals as fishfood,"' by Donald F. Squires, article, Nature, vol. 203, no. 4945, August 8, 1964, pp. 663-664, illus., printed, single copy 4s. (about 55 U. S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. CRABS: Experiment to Evaluate the Effect of Subsurface Ex- aS ‘on Bottom Dwelling King Crabs, by Donald Bright, 4 pp., printed, 1959. Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. CYPRUS: "The development of the Cyprus fishery resources,” by Andreas Keleskis, article, Countryman, vol. 1/2, 1963, pp. 12-13, illus., printed. Public Information Office, Department of Agriculture, Nicosia, Cyprus. "The possibilities of culturing fish in various reser- voirs around Cyprus," by A. Keleshis, article, Coun- tryman, vol. 1/2, 1963, pp. 23-24, illus., printed. ic Information Office, Department of Agriculture, Nicosia, Cyprus. DATA PROCESSING: Automatic Data Processing and Computer Application to Fisheries, by B. F. Leeper, 12 pp., processed in English with French and Spanish abstract. UNIVAC Division of Sperry-Rand Corporation, Baton Rouge, La. Paper presented at the Second World Fishing Gear Congress, London, May 25-31, 1963. 134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. DENMARK: Denmark Review, Special Edition: Danish Fishery and Fishery Exports, 11 pp., illus., printed. Press Department, Royal Danish Ministry for Foreign Af- fairs, Christiansborg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Fea- tured is an article on the 5th International Fisheries Trade Fair held in Copenhagen, September 11-20, 1964. Other articles describe Danish salmon and trout; the Danish fishing industry, export trade, ves- sels, and fish-processing plants; the Greenland fish- ery; and Danish canned fish. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information Serv- ices, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) ECOLOGY: The following articles were published under the general heading, ''The effects of the severe winter of 1962/63 on marine life in Britain," in Journal of Ani- mal Ecology, vol. 33, no. 1, 1964, printed. Blackwell Scientific Pobiications: 24 Broad St., Oxford, England. "The death of fish and sub-littoral fauna in the North Sea and the English Channel during the winter of DETECTION OF FISH: 1962-63,'' by P. M. J. Woodhead, pp. 169-173, illus. Studies for Development of Echo Sounder, Verticaland Horizontal Fish Finder, Utilizing Ultra-Sonic mm. _ Waves, by Y. Maniwa, Scientific Report No. 4, 137 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English sum- mary. Fishing Boat Laboratory, Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan, 1962. "The effect of the severe winter of 1962/63 on oysters and the associated fauna of oyster grounds of-south- ern England," by G. D. Waugh, pp. 173-175. "The north-east coast,'' by H. Jenner, J. R. Lewis, " and J. J. S. Cobb, p. 200. < DOLPHIN: "Cross-sectional anatomy of the dolphin,'' by Robert C. Boice, Mary Louise Swift, and James C. Roberts, Jr., article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Nor- A wegian Whaling Gazette), . ee . 53, no. 7, July 1964, Mortalities in marine life in North Wales during the pp. 177-182, 184, 186, 188-93, illus., printed. Hval- winter of 1962-63, by D. J. Crisp, pp. 190-197, il- fangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. lus. "Fish mortality off the Isle of Man and in the Port Erin aquarium," by J. S. Colman, p. 173. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Basic Data on the Economy of the Dominican Republic, by Alfred Ortiz, OB -80, 24 pp., illus., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Discusses the country's geography, population, and Government; economic structure; industrial sectors; "North-west Ireland," by D. J. Crisp, pp. 197-198. "The south-east coast, Whitstable area," by G. E. Newell, pp. 178-179. "South and south-west coast,'' by D. J. Crisp, pp. 179- 183, illus. "West of Ireland,'' by M. de Valera and P. O. Ceidigh, financial institutions; foreign trade; Government role pp. 198-199. in the economy; and economic outlook. Also includes several statistical tables on industrial and agricul- ECUADOR: “Apuntes e informaciones sobre la situation de la pro- duccion pesquera Ecuatoriana y sus mercados”’ (Memoranda and information on the production situa- tion of the Ecuadorian fishery and its markets), by Domingo Quiroga and Anibal Orbes Armas, article, Boletin Informativo, vol. 1, no. 3, 1964, pp. 1-24, printed in Spanish. Instituto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Casilla 5918, Guayaquil, Ecuador. tural production, foreign trade, and other data. EAST AFRICA: East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organi- zation, Annual Report, 1962/60, 1/6 pp., illus., printed, 1964, 6s. (about 85 U. S. cents). East African Fresh- water Fisheries Research Organization, P. O. Box 343, Jinja, Uganda. Describes the scientific work accomplished during 1962 and 1963 in the study of the Lake Victoria fisheries, the Nile perch in Lake Vic- toria, ecology and productivity of young tilapia, and anadromous fish. Also includes a bibliography of recent publications on East African fisheries and re- lated subjects, and appendices of research papers on fisheries. EAST CHINA AND YELLOW SEAS: Conservation of Demersal Fish Resources in the East China and the Yellow Seas, by Shiro Murakami and others, Fisheries Research Series No. 3, 60 pp., il- lus., printed in Japanese, June 25, 1964. Japan Fish- eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ECHO-SOUNDERS: The Uses of Echo Sounding for Fishermen, by D. H. ~ Cushing, 28 pp., illus.; printed, 1963. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, England. Basic Data on the Economy of Ecuador, by Mildred P. Burr, OBR 64-74, 12 pp., illus., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Her participation in the Alliance for Progress and the implementation of a 10-year national economic development plan are important factors in Ecuador's efforts to raise her standard of living. The report discusses her geography, climate, population, and Government; structure of the economy; industrial sectors; labor force; financial organization; foreign trade; and the role of the Government in the economy. A short section on fisheries covers the shrimp fish- ing grounds near Manta, Ecuador's 1962 exports of more than $2 million worth of fishery products, and her claims of territorial jurisdiction over waters extending 200 miles from the coast. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 135 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. EELS: "The Australian eel industry," by D. D. Lynch, arti- cle, Commercial Fishing, vol. 2, no. 11, July 1964, pp. 22-24, 26, illus., printed. Trade Publications Ltd., 47 Lewis Eady Bldg., 192 Queen St., Auckland, New Zealand. Discusses the use of fyke nets for capturing eels in the swamps and lagoons of the State of Victoria. Also covers the increase in pro- duction since the inception of the fishery in 1955 to about 110,000 pounds annually; grading of the eels after capture; removal of slime; evisceration; the smoking process; and packing for market. "Eel weir fishing,’ by Don Shiner, article, Pennsyl- vania Angler, vol. 33, no. 9, September 1964, pp. 2- 5, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. Discusses the construction and operation of the traps for this fast-disappearing method of capturing eels as they migrate down the Delaware River each fall to spawn in the Atlantic Ocean. The traps con- sist of stone walls 300-400 feet long and 6 to 8 feet high, together with baskets of wooden slats. The migration begins after the first hard frost during the dark of the moon, and continues for about two weeks. Properly prepared, eels are one of the finest eating fish in fresh water. printed in Japanese, March 21, 1964. Japan Fish- eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. EQUATORIAL CUSTOMS UNION AND CAMEROON: Foreign Trade Regulations of the Equatorial Customs nion (Central as Republic, Republics of Chad, Congo, Gabon) and Cameroon, by Alfred F. Daiboch, OBR 64-98, 12 pp., printed, September 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the trade, economic development, agriculture and fish, the growth of EFTA trade, EFTA and the world, and how EFTA works. zen, 24 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Washington Infor- mation Office, European Free Trade Association, 711 14th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. The Eu- ropean Free Trade Association is an arrangement between 8 countries (the original 7 members: Aus- tria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzer- land, and the United Kingdom; and the associated member, Finland) to create a single market by the abolition of tariffs and all other restrictions on the flow of trade between the members, while leaving them free to maintain their own and to follow their own commercial policies concerning third countries. This pamphlet discusses how EFTA started, the EFTA Convention, and its first years. It also covers the operation of EFTA--tariff reductions, the need of an origin system, the 50-percent rule, the process criterion, revenue duties, internal taxes, quantitative import restrictions, rules of competition, double tax- ation, economic development, EFTA and trade in agriculture, organizational structure, and consulta- tions and complaints. A short section on EFTA and trade in fish states that the main problem facing the fishery nations among the membership is the con- tinuation of access at a satisfactory level to the mar- ket of the EEC countries. FACTORYSHIP: "Doswiadezenia z eksploatacji trawlera-przetworni na lowiskach afrykanskich" (Experiences gained from operation of a factory-trawler on African fishing grounds); " . Czesc II" (Part Il); by Jerzy Swiecicki and Zbigniew Tretkowski, articles, Budow- nictwo Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 251, 254-255; vol. 9, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 286-288; il- lus., printed in Polish. Wydawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych NOT, Warsaw Czackiego 3/5, Poland. FATTY ACIDS: The Lipids of Marine Organisms, by J. A. Lovern, Torry Memoir No. 168, pp., printed. (Reprinted Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Thefour component states of former French Equatorial Af- rica--Central African Republic, and the Republics of Congo-Brazzaville, Chad, and Gabon--which to- gether constitute the Equatorial Customs Union, and the Federal Republic of Cameroon now have a com- mon external tariff. The report discusses their trade policy, import tariff system, sales and other internal taxes, documentation and fees, and labeling and marking requirements. It also covers special customs provisions, nontariff import controls, ex- port controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government representation between the United States and the five countries. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION: EFTA (European Free Trade Association)--What It is--What It Does, 8 pp., illus., printed. Washington Information Office, European Free Trade Associa- tion, 711 14th St. NW., Washington, D,. C. 20005. EFTA united in a free trade area the 97 million peo- ple and the markets of 8 European countries which are among the world's most active trading nations. This pamphlet discusses trade without barriers, out- ward-looking policies, how EFTA came about, the removal of tariffs and quotas, other obstacles to from Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Re- view, vol. 2, ioe. pp. 169-191.) Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey St., Aberdeen, Scotland. FISH BEHAVIOR: On Fish Behaviour in the Zone before a Trawl under the Influence of the Electric Field of an Alternatin A. Shentya- Current and Mechanical Stimulus, by V. kov, Translation 34,5 pp., printed, 1964. (Translated from the Russian, Biulletin' Instituta Biologii Vodok- hranilishch, no. 8-9, 1960.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowest- oft, Suffolk, England. "Further uses of electronically scanned sonar in the investigation of behaviour of fish," by V. G. Welsby and others, article, Nature, vol. 203, no. 4945, Au- gust 8, 1964, pp. 588-589, illus., printed, single copy 4s. (about 55 U. S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. Congress Translation No. 4897 (OTS No. 61-13957), 136 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE 15 pp., original text included, printed, $3.30. (Trans- lated from the Russian Trudy Soveshchanii, no. 8, 1958, pp. 124-131.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230, 1960. "The reaction of fish to light in relation to specific characteristics of their light perception," by V. R. Protasov, article, Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 3, 1961, pp. 519-532, printed in Russian. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Why light attracts fish," by V. N. Beliaeva and I. V. Nikonorov, article, Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 3, 1961, pp. 513-518, printed in Russian. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S. S. R. FISH COOKERY: All About Fish--a Manual for Teachers, 32 pp., Illus., processed, 1963, C$24.35 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses briefly Canada's fisheries and the Government's role in conservation and development, common varieties of fish for sale in Canada, marketing and distribution, consumer buying, care of fish in the home, fish as a food, and fish on the menu. Also included is information on preparation for cooking, basic methods of cooking fish, and miscellaneous fish recipes. Fish for Year 'Round Salads, 24 pp., printed, 1962, C$6.50 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Fish is available in many different forms; canned, smoked, fresh, frozen, and pickled. Any of the wide variety of fresh and salt-water fish, as wellas shellfish, maybe usedin salads. This book- let includes, besides instructions for cooking fish for salads, a number of recipes for preparing tossed, combination, mixed, fish and fruit, and molded sal- ads, as well as salad dressings. Halibut Recipes, 34 pp., processed, 10 cents. Halibut Fishermen's Wives' Association, P. O. Box No. 5129, Seattle, Wash. 98107. Contains recipes for halibut casseroles, chowder, sandwiches, salads, and for cooking halibut by frying, broiling, or baking. Also includes recipes for sauces and stuffing toserve with halibut. Information onthawing, amounts of fish to buy, and minimizing fish odors and flavors in the kitchen is presented. Let's Serve Freshwater Fish, 32 pp., illus., printed, 1963, C$6.50 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ot- tawa, Canada. Discusses the variety of Canadian fresh-water fish available, Government inspection of fish, nutritional advantages of fish, and how to know when fish is cooked sufficiently. Includes a number of recipes for preparing all species of fresh- water fish, as well as others for cooking goldeye, perch, pickerel, pike, Atlantic salmon, smelt, trout, and whitefish. Other sections give instructions on making sauces and fish salads. Tips are given on keeping fish fresh and freezing fish. Le Poisson dans la Cuisine Canadienne (The Canadian Fish Cook Book), 96 pp., illus., printed in French, 1959, C$1.25; 97 pp., illus, printedin English, 1962, C$1.25. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. A Propos de Poisson--Manuel pour Instituteurs (All About Fish--Manual for Teachers), 32 pp., illus., processed, 1961, C$24.35 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Salades de Poisson pour Toute 1'Annee (Fish for year TRound Salads), 26 pp., printed in French, 1962, C$4.85 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Servons du Poissons d'Eau Douce (Let's Serve Fresh- water Fish), 35 pp., illus., printed in French, C$6.50 per 100 copies. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. FISH CULTURE: "Marine fish culture in Britain. I--Plaice rearing in closed circulation at Lowestoft, 1957-1960," by J. E. Shelbourne, J. D. Riley, and G. T. Thacker; "II--A plaice rearing experiment at Port Erin, Isle of Man, during 1960, in open sea water circulation," by J. E. Shelbourne; and “Ill--Plaice rearing in closed circu- lation at Lowestoft 1961," by J. D. Riley and G. T. Thacker, article, Journal du Conseil, no. 28, 1963, pp. 50-90, printed. Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. FISH DISEASES: pp., illus., printed, 1963. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Akademiya Nauk SSSR Ikhtiologicheskaya Komis - Siya Trudy Soveshchanii, vol. 9, ToSt} Office of Tech- nical Services, U. 95. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C. 20230. FISHERIES POLICY: "Hacia una politica paneuropea de las pescas"'(Toward a paneuropean fisheries policy), by Leopold Sublin, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38, nos. 889-890, May 15, 1964, pp. 185, 187, 189, printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain. "The London Fisheries Convention and its origins," by R. G. R. Wall, article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 198-205, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U. S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Outlines the historical and political background of the London Fisheries Convention, adopted early in 1964 by dele- gations from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Swe- den, and the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. Also included is the full text of the Convention, which embodies 4 basic principles: (1) that extensions of fishery limits should be made by agreement; (2) that traditional fishing activities by foreign fishermen should be respected; (3) that proper consideration should be given to the needs of local populations which are overwhelmingly dependent upon the fish- eries; and (4) that fishery limits and jurisdiction should in no circumstances extend beyond 12 miles. "The North American fisheries and British policy to 1713," by Charles Burnet Judah, article, Universit of Illinois Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 1, 1933, 183 pp., printed. University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. December 1964 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT FISHERY RESOURCES: Organization and Management of Research on Marine ish Resources, by G. R. Williams, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 43, 29 pp., processed, May 1964, distribution restricted. Research Programs Section, Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Fish- ery resources may be defined in one of two ways: (1) ina restrictive sense, to denote a fishable stock, or group of stocks, which may or may not yet be ex- ploited; and (2) in a very broad sense, to denote a community or ecosystem, that is a system the ele- ments of which include not only the species being harvested but also those on which they feed or which influence their lives; it also denotes the physical and chemical components that influence the lives of the several species. Most fishery research pro- grams today are concerned mainly with the tasks relating to resources restrictively defined. This paper is based upon the author's experiences in re- source research in Australia. It covers the subject under five main headings--policy direction, research plan, operational procedures and controls, reporting results, and structure of the research organization. Included is an operational plan for a survey of shrimp resources of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Aus- tralia. FISH FARMING: "Fish farming," by Ian Richardson, article, World Fishing, vol. 13, no. 9, September 1964, pp. 41-46, illus., printed, single copy 3s. (about 45 U.S. cents). Grampian Press Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shep- herds Bush Rd., Hammersmith, London W6, England. A survey of fish farming methods in various coun- tries, including the culture of yellowtail and shrimp in Japan; carp and pike on a 12,355 acre farm in the Ukraine; cod, perch, and catfish in Australia; carp in Syria; and salmon and trout in the United Kingdom and Norway. Each enterprise was able to produce outstanding yields of fish by the use of selective breeding and proper feeding. FISH FOOD: Food of Perch (PERCA FLUVIATILIS, L.) and Trout “(SALMO TRUTTA, L.) in an Irish Reservoir, by Christopher Moriarty, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 63, sect. B, no. 1, 31 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Hodges, Figgis & Co., Ltd., Dublin, Ireland. FISHING LIMITS: Comments on the 12-Mile Limit, by William F. Royce, Circular No. 215, 3 pp., printed, 1964. Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. FISH MEAL: Available Methionine and Available Lysine in Fish eal, by 5. G. Wiechers and R. M. eon Prog- ress Report No. 72, 3 pp., processed, July 1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Bulk Handling of B. C. Whole Herring Meal, by F. G. Claggett, Circular No. 32, 7 pp., printed, 1964. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 137 USUALLY MAY BE Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. "Pepsin digestibility as an index of quality in fish. Part I--General considerations," by J. A. Lovern, article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 206, 209-210, 212-213, il- lus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d.(about 95 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Discusses the methods of measuring protein availability, the grow- ing trend towards international standardization of analytical procedures, principles of the pepsin test, and the reliability of pepsin digestibility as an index of quality. Included are findings of research on pep- sin digestibility of proteins conducted at the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries' Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md. Recommendations for the Warehousing of Fish Meal, by G. M. Dreosti, R. J. Nachenius, and L. L. van Zyl, Memorandum No. 137, 4 pp., illus., processed, August 1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Prov- ince, Republic of South Africa. Salmonella Contamination of Fish Meal, by G. M. Dreosti, Apply Your Science No. II, 1 p., printed, 1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute, Univer- sity of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Province, Re- public of South Africa. Shipboard Stowage of Fish Meal, by G. M. Dreosti, Memorandum No. 155, 5 pp., printed, 1964. Fishing Industry Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. FISH MORTALITIES: Regarding the Problem of Mutilations of Fishes by Ay draulic iuet SE by Kurt V. Raben, Translation Se- ries No. 5 pp., printed, 1964. (Translatedfrom the German, Die Wasserwirtshaft, no. 4, 1957.) Bio- logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada. "Studies on fish mortality due to passage through tur- bines; preliminary report," by Erik Monten, article, Report No. 45, pp. 190-195, printed. Institute of Freshwater Research, Fishery Board of Sweden, Drottingholm, Lund, Sweden. FISH PONDS: Study on the Construction Works of Fish Pond from Civil Engineering Viewpoint, by T. Tamura and S. Yamada, Fisheries Propagation Series No. 1, 32 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, December 10, 1963. Ja- pan Fisheries Resources Conservation Society, Futa- ba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Min- ato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH POPULATIONS: "Changes in the fish population in the upper Ohio Riv- er following temporary pollution abatement," by Lou- is A. Krumholz, article, Transactions of the Ameri- can Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no. 1, 1964, pp. 1-5, printed. merican Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. 138 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No, 12 Notes on the Identification of Sub- Populations of Fish by Serological and Biochemical Methods, the Status 0 cal Paper No. 30, 9 pp., processed, 1964. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme Caracalla, Rome, Italy. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Fish flour in human nutrition,'' by P. Nunes, article, Gazeta Agricola de Angola, vol. 8, no. 4, October 1963, pp. 995-998, printed in Portuguese. Gazeta Agricola de Angola, Luanda, Angola. A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Characteris- ties of Fish Protein Concentrates Made from Vari- ous Raw Materials, by H. E. Power, Circular (New Series) No. 15, 2 pp., printed. Technological Re- search Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada. FISH SAUSAGE: "More about fish sausages,'' article, World Fishing, vol. 13, no. 9, September 1964, p. 51, illus., printed, single copy 3s. (about 45 U. S. cents). Grampian Press Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shepherds Bush Rd., Hammersmith, London W6, England. Japan's annual production of 150,000 tons of fish sausages and 500,000 tons of fish cakes is an indication of the growing demand for prepared foods. Fish sau- Sages are made of minced cod or pollock and tuna and whalemeat, with potato or corn starch, flavor- ings, and sodium glutimate added. Packed in skins, the final product has a firm texture and a pleasing flavor. FISH SOUNDS: "Deep ocean sonic fishes," by N. B. Marshall, article, Oceanus, vol. 11, no. 1, September 1964, pp. 2-7, printed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. FLORIDA: Bibliography on Fresh-Water Biology in Florida, by James P. Clugston, 23 pp., printed: 1964. Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Leesburg, Fla. FLOUNDER: "Feeding habits of the summer flounder in Great South Bay,'' by John C. Poole, article, New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, 1964, pp. 28- 34, printed. New York Fish and Game Journal, New York Conservation Department, Albany, N. Y. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: "Co-ordinating fishery development for world needs," by Arthur J. Heighway, article, Fishing News Inter- national, vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 193- 194, 197, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U. S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Discusses proposals of the Food and Ag- riculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for reorganizing the structure and functions of its Fisheries Division to meet expanded world needs. The basic aim of FAO is to improve nutrition, the well-being of rural populations, and the promotion of economic development. In fisheries, this is of Special significance at this time. The gravest prob- lem in nutrition is lack of high-quality protein, for which seas and inland waters have an enormous un- realized potential. The changes that have already taken place are quite dramatic and revolutionary. World fish production has doubled over the past dec- ade. There have been improvements in gear and vessels, growth of marketing organization, and re- finements and innovations in processing techniques. Plans for improved services by FAO should evolve following a forthcoming meeting of the Council. FAO, Functions, Structure, Program--a Briefing Manual for Field Personnel, 32 pp., printed, 1964. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Informe de la Primera Reunionde la Comision Asesora Regional de Pesca para el Atlantica Sudoccidental (CARPAS), 10-14 de Diciembre de 1962, Rio de Ja- neiro (Report of the First Meeting of the South West Atlantic Fisheries Advisory Commission (SWAFAC), December 1962, Rio de Janeiro), FAO Fisheries Re- port No. 12, 56 pp., processed in Spanish, 1963. Comision Asesora Regional de Pesca para el Atlan- tico Sudoccidental, Rua do Jardim Botanico 1008, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Report of the World Food Congress, Washington, D.C., 4 to 18 June 1963, 167 pp., printed, 1963, $3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. (For sale by Columbia University Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Boradway, New York, N. Y. 10027.) The Food and Agriculture Organization has pub- © lished reports describing that Agency's activities un- der the Expanded Program for Technical Assistance for developing the fisheries of many countries. These reports have been processed only for limited distribu- tion to governments, libraries, and universities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Report on a Fishermen's Training Center in Construc- tion and Operation of Modern Fishing Gear, Held at Tulagi, British Solomon Islands eateries Au- gust-October 1961, by P. A. Lusyne, ETAP Report No. 1657, 12 pp., processed, 1963. Report to the Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland on Fisheries Development Possibilities in Nyasaland, by M. Aref, ETAP Report No. 1761, 44 ‘pp., processed, 1963. is Report to the Government of Tanganyika on Economié Survey of Marine and Inland Fichewien: by J. L. DibEs, P Report No. 1828, 59 pp., processed, 1964. Rapport au Gouvernement de la Tunisie la Prospection Systematique des Fonds de Peche au cane des Cotes unisiennes (Report to the Government of Tunisia on the Systematic Exploration of the Bottoms for Fish along the Tunisian Coasts), by Vito Fodera, ETAP Report No. 1836, 68 pp., illus., processed, 1964. FOREIGN AID: Aids to Business (Overseas Investment), 59 pp., printed, July 1964. Office of Development Finance and Pri- vate Enterprise, Agency for International Develop- ment, U. S. Department of State, Washington, D. C. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139 20523. Describes the programs sponsored by AID to assist businessmen with overseas investments -- catalog of investment opportunities, investment sur- veys, investment guarantees, local currency loans, and dollar loans. Index to Catalog of Investment Opportunities, 37 pp., printed, revised July 1964. Office of Development Finance and Private Enterprise, Agency for Inter- national Development, U. S. Department of State, Washington, D. C. 20523. Abstracts more than 1,400 industrial feasibility and economic studies in friendly developing nations. The first part indexes reports by region and country; the second indexes reports by industry. Included are a group of re- ports concerning fresh or frozen packaged fish. FRANCE: "Compte rendu d!activite des Comites interprofes- sionnels des Peches maritimes en 1963" (Summary of the activities of the Fishery Committees of the Maritime Fisheries in 1963), article, France Peche, no. 86, July-August 1964, pp. 15-21, 23-24, 26-28, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. Includes reports on the herring, tuna, sardine, mollusk, and seaweed fisheries. FREEZE-DRYING: "Astacene pigment loss occurring in freeze-dried shrimp and salmon during storage," by G. Lusk, M. Karel, and S. A. Goldblith, article, Food Technology, vol. 18, no. 5, 1964, pp. 157-158, printed. The Gar- rard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill. "Rapid method for determining the moisture content of freeze-dried shrimp," by J. E. Despaul and D. W. Ezerski, article, Journal of the Association of Of- ficial Agricultural Chemists, vol. 46, 1963, p. 1001, printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chem- ists, P. O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C, 20004. FREEZER-TRAWLER: B-23 and B-18 Types Freezin Trawlers, Polish ~ Maritime News, Press infomation April 5, 1963, 6 pp., processed. Polish Chamber of Foreign Trade, Maritime Branch, Gdynia, ul. Pulaskiego 6, Poland. FREEZING: "Technology of fish products. Use of carbondioxide in the storage of fish,"’ by A. P. Makashev, article, Trudy Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii In- §titut Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii, vol. 37, 1959, v. 138, printed in Russian. Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaisiva i Okeanografii, Verkhn. Krasnosel'skaia Ul. No. 17, Moscow, U.S, S. R. FROZEN FISH: "Changes in the amount of nitrogenous extractives in frozen fish muscle during storage," by J. Nishimoto, article, Memoirs, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, vol. 11, no. 2, 1962, pp. 152-157, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. "La experiencia de las importaciones de pescado congelado" (The experience of importing frozenfish), by Mareiro, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38, no. 892, June 15, 1964, pp. 294-295, printed in Span- ish, single copy 50 ptas. (about 85 U. S. cents). In- dustrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain. "Tuentificacion de los cambios de calidad en el pescado congelado" (Identification of the changes in quality in frozen fish), by A. Banks, article, Revista del Frio, vol. 8, no. 4, October-December 1963, pp. 169-174, printed in Spanish with English summary. Centro Experimental del Frio, Serrano, 150, Madrid, Spain. Interconversions of Flavorous Nucleotide Catabolites in Chilled and Frozen Fish, by N. R. Jones. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. Paper pre- sented at XIth International Congress of Refrigera- tion, August 27-September 4, 1963, Munich, Germany. "Vacuum-packed frozen fatty fish,"' by F. Bramsnaes and H. C. Sorensen, article, Bulletin, Institut Inter- national du Froid, Suppl. no. 3, pp. 281-288, printed. Institut International du Froid, 177 Boulevard Male- sherbes, Paris 17, France. GEAR: "Collapsible cray or crab pot," by Alan Temple, arti- cle, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 17, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Depart- ment of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. De- scribes a Japanese-manufactured crab or cray pot to be tested in Australia. Details of construction and performance are included. Advantages are the sav- ings in storage space, and an increased catch rate achieved by the side entrance as compared to the top-entrance type pot. "On the influence of hydrodynamic forces upon trawl- ing warp and the choice of wire ropes for high-speed and deep-water trawling,'' by S. N. Chubarov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 5, 1962, pp. 45-49, Ths, printed in Russian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S. S. R. "Preliminary tests of automatic locks for otter boards," by V. K. Kondourov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 12, 1962, pp. 41-43, illus., printed in Rus- sian. V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Study of Midwater Trawl Fishing Gear and Their Tele- meters, by C. Hamuro and K. fst Scientific Report No. 3, 113 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Fishing Boat Laboratory, Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan, 1961. GEAR SELECTIVITY: "A note on the interim effects on catches of changes in gear selectivity," by J. A. Gulland, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 29, no. 1, June 1964, pp. 61-64, il- Tus., printed, single copy 16 kr. (about US$2.30). Andr. Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copenhagen, Den- mark. Discusses a method of predicting the effects, both long-range and short-term, of changes in selec- tivity (i. e. larger mesh size) on catch, using data on the size composition of the catches before a change in gear, the selectivity of the original and changed gears, and the ratio of fishing to total mortality. 140 "Selection by codend meshes and hooks on cod, had- dock, flatfish and redfish," by F. D. McCracken, article, Special Publication No. 5, pp. 131-155, printed, 1963. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P. O. Box 638, Dartmouth, N. S., Canada. GENERAL: Farmer's World--The Yearbook of Agriculture, 1964, 607 pp., printed, 1964, $3. The U. = Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C) Abook primarily for and about the farmer and his crops but containing a chapter, "Fisheries of the world," by Sidney Sha- piro, which points out the increasing importance of fish products to our available supplies of proteins. Discusses the principal marine fish and shellfish, the methods of capture, improved methods of proc- essing, the chief fisheries nations, international trade, and fisheries treaties. Also touches briefly on United States programs for aid to domestic and foreign fisheries, work of the Fisheries Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, other international organizations concerned with fisheries, and the two Conferences on Law of the Sea held in Geneva in 1958 and 1960. Other ar- ticles of interest to people in fisheries and allied fields are ''World sources of protein," by Martin G. Weiss and Ruth M. Leverton; ''The evolution of com- petitive markets," by Harry C. Trelogan; ''Proc- essing and preservation," by Robert L. Olson and Clyde L. Rasmussen; and ''Problems in human nu- trition,'' by Hazel K. Stiebelingand Ruth M. Leverton. Fishing in the Future, by Dayton L. Alverson and J. Wilimovsky, Reprint No. 542, 5 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 4.) Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Com- monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or- ganization, Cronulla, N. S. W., Australia. Style Manual for Biological Journals (Second Edition), 126 pp., illus., Samet 1964, $3. American Insti- tute of Biological Sciences, 2000 P. St. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20036. This style manual is designed for research workers preparing manuscripts for publication in biological journals, and for students and other prospective authors. Style is interpreted broadly to mean forms of expression in scholarly writing, and the general technical requirements of journals, such as details for typing manuscripts, standard abbreviations, and citation of references. Included are two long chapters: one on writing which covers general principles, concise language, word uSage, punctuation, and other grammatical details; another on preparation of copy--paper, typ- ing, corrections and insertions, title, abstract, ta- bles, statistics, quotations, footnotes, and other in- formation needed by an author or editor. Also in- cluded are shorter chapters on approval of manu- scripts and release of results, review of manu- scripts, copy editing, proofreading, preservation of materials for the history of science, indexing, and useful references. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft (Archives for Fish- ery Science), vol. 15, no. 1, April 1964, 62 pp., il- lus., printed in German. Bundesforschungsanstalt COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 fur Fischerei, Hamburg, Germany. (Available from Westliche Berliner Verlagsgesellschaft Heenemann KG, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Germany.) Contains, among others, the following articles: ''Zusammenhang zwischen Eisdrift, atmospharischer Zirkulation und Fischereii im Bereich der Fangplatze vor der su- dostgronlandischen Kuste wahrend der ersten Jahre- shalfte'' (Relation between ice drift, atmospheric cir- culation, and the fisheries in the area of the fishing grounds off the southeast Greenland coast during the first half of the year), by A. Meyer; "Ergebnisse von im Jahre 1962 durchgefuhrten Garnelenmarkierung- sexperimenten"' (Results of the 1963 shrimp marking (color) and tagging experiments), by W. Kourist, E. Mauch and K. Tiews; and "Hin neues elektronisches Schnellverfahren zur Ermittlung der Frische von Seefischen" (A new electrical device which quickly tells the degree of freshness of sea fish), by Chr. Kennings. Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommis- Sion fur Meeresforschung, new series, vol , no. 3, April 1964, 146 pp., illus., printed in German and English. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany. Contains these articles: ''Biologisch- statistische untersuchungen uber die Deutsche hoch- seefischerei. Zusammenfassung der Teile I-IV" (Biological-Statistical investigations on the German high-seas fishery. General summary of parts I-IV), by Johannes Lundbeck; and ''Uber die verbreitung der fischarten in der Nordsee. I--Juni-Juli 1959 und Juli 1960" (On the distribution of fish species in the North Sea. Part I--June-July 1959 and July 1960), by Dietrich Sahrhage. GRAYLING: Synopsis and Biological Data on European Graylin TavMA LLLUS (linnaeus) 1758, edited by Draga Jankovic, FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 24, processed, 1964. Fisheries Division, Food and Ag- riculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. GREAT SLAVE LAKE: The following reports are available from the Bio- logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, London, Ont., Canada. Round Weight Conversion Factors for Great Slave Lake Fish, by J. J. Keleher, 19 pp., Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 773, printed, 1964. Data on Size of Fish from 1956-1962 Winter Great Slave Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J K peeve . Keleher, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 774, 84 pp., printed, 1964. Data on Size of Fish from 1963 Winter Great Slave Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu- Script Report Series (Biological) No. 778, 28 pp., printed, 1964. Data on Size of Fish from 1963 Summer Great Slave Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu- script Report Series (Biclegical) No. 779, 58 pp., printed, 1964. December 1964 Data on Size of Fish from 1962 Summer Great Slave “Lake Commercial Fishery, by J. J. Keleher, Manu- Script Report Series (Biological) No. 780, 51 pp., processed, 1964. GREENLAND: "Rapport om tokt med F/F Johan Hjort til Vest Gr¢n- land i april/mai 1964"' (Report of a trip by R/V Jo- han Hjort to West Greenland in April-May 1964), by Erling Bratberg and Odd Nakken, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 50, no. 32, August 6, 1964, pp. 486-487, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fisk- eridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. GROUNDFISH: Water Economy and Osmoregulation of Plaice and Flounder, by J. Henschel, See No. 38, 32 pp., processed, 1964. (Translated from the German, Wiss. Meeresunters. Kiel, vol. 22, 1936, pp. 91-121.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. GULF OF MEXICO: The Fertile Fisheries Crescent, by Gordon Gunter, pp., processed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, vol. 9, 1963, pp. 286-290.) Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Miss. Discusses the strip of coastline ly- ing between Pascagoula, Miss., and Port Arthur, Tex., which produced over 20 percent of the total United States fishery landings in 1961 and 1962. The volume of the Gulf fisheries has been main- tained by the menhaden, and during both 1961 and 1962 production was over one billion pounds. Also thriving are the shrimp, rough fish, and oyster fish- eries. The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (Ocean Springs, ~Miss.), by Gordon Gunter, 3 pp., Tus.. printed. (Reprinted from American Zoologist, vol. 3, no. 3, August 1963.) American Society of Zoologists, 104 Liberty St., Utica, N. Y. HADDOCK: The Distribution of the Haddock, 1953-1955, by R. “Ya. Tseeb, Translation No. 21, 6 pp., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, 1958, pp. 228-233.) Fisheries Labora- tory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. HERRING: "Empleo de equipo electronico en las pesquerias de arenque de Noruega” (Use of electronic equipment in the Norwegian herring fisheries), by Torwald S. Gedharsen, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 38, no. 891, June 1, 1964, pp. 269- , printed in Span- ish, single copy 50 ptas. (about 85 U. S. cents). In- dustrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-29, Vigo, Spain. Herring Industry Board. Twenty-Ninth Annual Re- port, ic the Year Ended 3ist December, 1963, 43 pp., printed, 1964. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Edinburgh, Scotland. Herring - North Sea, 1962, Stock Record, edited by Arni Pridviksson Statistical News Letter No. 18, 58 pp., printed, 1963. Conseil Permanent Interna- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tional pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark. "QO labil'nosti zhira Atlantichesko-Skandinayskikh sel'dei"' (On the lability of fat in Atlantic-Scandina- vian herring), by D. A. Shubnikov, article, Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 416-417, et in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologiches - kaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S. 5S. R. Plankton and the Feeding of Baltic Herring (Salaka) Larvae in the Gulf of Riga, by L. N. Lisivnenko, Translation No. 33, 44 pp., processed, 1964. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel'- skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva, Latvia SSSR, vol. 3, 1961, pp. = .) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Low- estoft, Suffolk, England. The following reports are available from the Bio- logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B, C., Canada. The 1961 Herring Spawn Deposition in British Colum- bia Coasta aters, by D. N. Outram, Circular No. 71, 11 pp., printed, 1963. The Extent of Herring Spawning in British Columbia in 1962, by D. N. Outram, Circular 69, 21 pp., printed, 1963. The Extent of Herring Spawning in British Columbia in 1963, by D. N. Outram, Circular No. 70, 11 pp., printed, 1963. HONG KONG: Foreign Trade Regulations of Hong Kong, by Dawn A. Wachtel, OBR 64-77, pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Discusses Hong Kong's trade policy, import tariff, special customs provisions, shipping documents, labeling and marking requirements, nontariff import controls, export controls, United States’ foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation between the United States and that country. Includes tables showing the scale of charges levied on dutiable com- modities; andcommodities requiring import licenses. ICHTHYOLOGY: Age and Growth Studies in Fish--A Systematic Guide ioe Ichthyologists, by N. I. Chugunova, OTS 61-31036, 132 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Academy of Sciences of the U.S. S. R., Dept. of Biological Sciences, Board of Ichthyology, Institute of Animal Morphology.) Office of Technical Services, U. S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. INDIA: Administration Report for the Year 1961-62, 176 pp., printed, . Madras Department of Fisheries, Madras City, India. Report on Fisheries Survey of the River Gandak (North Bihar), by A. David, 10 pp., illus., printed, January 1963. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India. 141 142 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. INDONESIA: Investment Factors in Indonesia, by M. Virginia Web- bert, OBR 64-79, 12 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Although direct investment is not permitted at pre- sent, a production-sharing arrangement is encour- aged by the Indonesian Government. The report discusses Government controls over industry, busi- ness organization, taxation regulations, and capital availability and credit. It also covers labor con- ditions, basic economic facilities, investment serv- ices, and Indonesian corporation and personal in- come tax schedules. INLAND FISHERIES: A List of Inland Fishery Workers in Europe, FAO ’ Fisheries Technical Paper No. 15, rev. I, 80 pp., printed, 1964. European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: Annual Report for the Year 1963, 89 pp., printed, 1964. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. Comparison and Abstracts of Selected Conventions Establishing Fisheries Commissions, 79pp., printed, 1962. Legislation Research Branch, Food and Agri- culture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. (International North Pacific Fisheries Commission) Annual Report, 1962, 130 pp., illus., printed, 1964. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C., Canada. This is the ninth consecutive annual report of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, established by a Convention between Canada, Japan, and the United States on June 12, 1953, for the pur- pose of promoting and coordinating the necessary Scientific studies and to recommend the required conservation measures in order to secure the max- imum sustained productivity of fisheries of joint interest. The report contains summary accounts of the annual meeting of the Commission held in Seattle, November 12-17, 1962, and of an interim meeting held in Honolulu, August 13-17, 1962; and a brief resume of administrative activities during the year. It also presents summaries prepared by the national research agencies of investigations which they carry out under the planning and coordination of the Com- mission. Of principal concern are the salmon, hali- but, herring, and king crab fisheries. Perechen Dokumentov Vosmoi Sessii Sovetsko-Iapon- skoi Komissii po Rybolovstvu Sovetskie materiali Komissi, Tom II (List of Documents of the Eighth Session of the Soviet-Japanese Fisheries Commis- sion. Materials Collected by the Soviet Union. Vol. II), 240 pp., processed in Russian, March 2, 1964. Sovetsko-Iaponskaia Komissiia po Rybologstvu v Sever-Zapadnoi Chasti Tikhogo Okeana, Vos'maia Sessiia, Moscow, U.S. S. R. Contains statistical information on 1963 coastal salmon fisheries in the Far East, by areas of fishing. IRAN: Selling in Iran, OBR 64-86, 8 pp., printed, July 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Extensive development programs currently are being undertaken throughout the country. A substantial market exists and will continue to exist in the fore- seeable future for products and services associated with economic and social development. The report contains information on import channels and require- ments; distribution practices; transportation, port, and storage facilities; and wholesale and retail chan- nels. Also discusses commercial practices, trade customs, marketing aids, Government procurement, selling under United States programs, and informa- tion for business travelers. IRELAND: Report of the Minister for Lands on the Sea and Inland isheries for the Year 1962, 85 pp., illus., printed, _ September 1963, 5s. (about 70 U. S. cents). Govern- ment Publications Sales Office, G. P. O. Arcade, Dublin, Ireland. This report covers the activities of the Fisheries Division of the Department of Lands, and includes information and statistics on the quan- tity and value of Ireland's sea and inland fish and shellfish for 1962, and related data. Also includes sections on the herring fisheries, mackerel investi- gations, smolt taggings, and salmon rearing experi- ments. ISRAEL: Long-Term Projections of Su and Demand for Ag ricultural Beaunete in Taree 1--General View an Summary, by Yair Mundlak, 237 pp., illus., printed, May 1961 Blumstein's Bookstores, Tel Aviv, Israel. This volume summarizes and analyzes the results of a study of the supply and demand for agricultural pro- ducts in Israel for the years 1965 and 1975. Includes several small sections concerned with fish. Per capita consumption of fish in Israel in 1960 was 10.4 kilograms; projected consumption in 1965 is 10.9 kilograms, with total consumption expected to be 27,555 tons. In view of the scarcity of water, it is unlikely that there will be a significant increase in production of pond fish. Therefore, unless sea fish- ing increases faster than in the past, an increase in imports of fish will be required to meet consumption at the 1960 price level. If an arbitrary projection of 20,000 tons total production in 1965 is made, the re- quired import would be about 7,600 tons. The pro- Y jected consumption of fish in 1975 is 37,900 tons. * Assuming that attempts to develop sea fishing will be successful, the projected production is set at 25,000 tons. Then, imports of 12,900 tons will be required. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 30, no.5, ‘Way 1964-107 op. illus., printedin Japanese with English abstracts. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fish- eries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes, among others, these articles: ''On the a- mount of food required by the Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus (V. Siebold), kept in cage in re- Tation to size and temperature," by Masaaki Inoue; "Fundamental studies on the production of alginic acid. IV--On the pigments dissolved in the extracted December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 143 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. solution of alginic acid," by Yuzo Harada; ''Studies on the effects of marine products on cholesterol metabolism in rats. II--The comparison of the ef- fects of eicosapentaenoic and of docosahexaenoic acids,"' by Takashi Kaneda, Kimie Arai, and Set- suko Tokuda; ''Studies on utilization of enzyme from whale pancreas. I--Proteolytic enzyme," by Yuichi Sasano and Michiko Ota; ''A biological formation of formaldehyde in the muscle tissue of gadoid fish" (in English), by Keishi Amano and Kinjiro Yamada. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol. 30, no. 6, June 1964, 81 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni- versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Contains, among others, these arti- cles: "On the distribution of the dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean,” by Shunpei Kojima; ''On the spawning of the ayu, Piecoglossus altivelis T. & S. IV--Distribution and some geographical features of the spawning ground," by Rikizo Ishida; ''Experimental use of fish pumps. IV--Stream patterns compared among var- ious siphonage,'' by Shn‘ichi Yajima and others; "Studies on the external mucous substance of fishes. IX --Preparation of crystalline N-acetylneuraminic acid from the external mucous substance of loach," by Noriyuki Enomoto, Hiroki Nakagawa, and Yukio Tomiyasu; "Studies on the manufacture of chondroi- tin sulfate from whale nasal cartilage by liquefaction method. I--Preparation of crude chondroitin sul- fate by heating liquefaction," by Akimasa Nakashima, Kohei Morinaga, and Haruo Tanaka; ''Studies on the antisepsis for agar during the manufacturing process in the mild winter. X--The method of detecting agar decomposing bacteria by the iodine test,'' by Hiroaki Fujisawa; and ''Studies on the nutrition of abalone. Il--Protein requirements for growth of abalone, Haliotis discus," by Chinkichi Ogino and Noriko Kato. Trade and Industry of Japan, vol. 13, no. 2, February , 70 pp., illus., printed. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), Publication Division, Daiichi Hotel Annex, 2-7, Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, To- kyo, Japan. An issue devoted exclusively to Japa- nese fisheries and fish products. The lead article discusses the geography and social conditions of Japan; the economic importance of the fisheries; the history of the industry since 1930; landings in the distant-water, offshore, and inshore and coastal fisheries; improvements in efficiency and range of vessels; types of processed products manufactured; and the growth of fisheries research and resource eonservation. Another covers standards and pro- cedures for export inspection of canned, frozen, salted, and dried fishery products. Other articles describe the culture of oysters, rainbow trout, ku- ruma-shrimp, colored carp, and goldfish, and pearls; modern freezing and cold-storage facilities; and the production of frozen fishery products, canned fish, fish ham and sausage, dried and salted products, isinglass, fish meal, and marine animal oils. JELLYFISH: The Freshwater Jelly-Fish, CRASPEDACUSTA ~ SOWERBYI in Victoria: a New Record, by John K. Ling, General Circular No. 10, 4 pp., printed, 1962. Victoria Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Mel-' bourne, Australia. KILKA: from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, 1959.) Bio- logical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada. KOREA: Annual Report for Fishery Products Inspection, 1963, "212 pp., printed, . Central Fisheries Inspection Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 103 Wonnam-Dong, Chong-Ro, Seoul, Korea. LAW OF THE SEA: Law of the Sea--Convention on the Continental Shelf. ~ Agreement with other Governments--Done at Geneva April 29, 1958. Entered into Force June 10, 1564, "TIAS 5578, 56 pp., printed, 1964, 20 cents. Depart- ment of State, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) LIBERIA: Foreign Trade Regulations of Liberia, by Nancy V. Rawis, OBR -30, 8 pp., printed, August 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) The Government of Liberia pursues a free trade policy which is designed to promote and encourage international business, to attract private foreign investment by permitting the unhampered movement of currency and goods, and to preserve the principle of most-favored-nation treatment which it accords to all its trading partners. Discusses Liberia's im- port tariff system, special customs provisions, in- ternal taxes, shipping documents required, and la- beling and marking requirements. Also covers im- port licensing, Liberia's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government repre- sentation between the two countries. LOBSTER: The Facts about Massachusetts Lobster Statistics, by - Thomas Morrissey, Special Scientific Report No. 1, 12 pp., printed, 1964. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Boston, Mass. "Frozen whole lobster now possible for distribution to restaurants,'' article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 27, no. 2, September 1964, p. 87, illus., printed. E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019. The successful development of a fresh frozen whole lobster which will make possible efforts of restaurant operators to keep lobster as a permanent menu item was completed recently by a New York State frozen seafood processor. In the present product, shrinkage is minimized and the meat cleaves from the shell in large sections. The taste and texture of a fresh live lobster is retained without artificial additives. "Handling and processing Norway lobsters. Part III-- Cooking experiments; Part IV--Storage experiments with Norway lobsters," by P. Hovart and W. Vyncke, article, Fishing News International, vol. 3, no. 3, July-September 1964, pp. 221-222, 224-225, 227-228, illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U. S. 144 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Lud- gate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Discusses cooking of Norway lobsters by different methods and with variations in salt content of the cooking brine. Experiments were conducted to determine whether cooked or uncooked Norway lob- sters had better keeping qualities. It was found that exposure to high temperatures as it occurs frequently in practice has a very unfavorable in- fluence on the quality of these crustaceans. These experiments also indicate that cooking on the fish- ing vessels could improve quality. It was observed that for storage up to 5 days, polyethylene bags are superior to paper containers in preventing loss in quality and weight. A Report to the Fishing Industry Regarding the Tol- ~ erance of Lobsters for Fluoridate ater and for Various Woods, by James E. Stewart, Circular _ (New Series) No. 17, 2 pp., printed, 1964. Techno- logical Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Boara of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada. MALAYSIA: Establishing a Business in Malaysia, by'Louise H. Hillson, GBR 64-78, 20 pp., printed, athe 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Encouragingly, all Malaysian areas welcome the fullest participation by private capital in their eco- nomic development and make no distinction between investments from local and foreign sources. The report discusses other aspects of the investment climate, legislation governing investment, business organization, and industrial property protection. Also covers employment conditions, taxation re- gulations, availability of capital, basic economic facilities, and investment information services. MARINE AIDS: Light List, Volume II, Atlantic and Gulf Coast--Little iver South Carolina, to Rio Grande, Texas, and the Antilles, 386 pp., illus., printed, 1964, $3. U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Contains locations of lights, fog signals, buoys, daybeacons, lightships, radiobeacons, and loran stations from Little River, South Carolina, to Rio Grande, Texas, and for the Antilles. Intended to furnish more complete information concerning aids to navigation than can be conveniently shown on charts. Not in- tended to be used in navigation in place of charts and coast pilots. Light List, vol. 4--Great Lakes. United States and Canada, 250 pp., printed, 1964. U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS: Catalogue of Main Marine Fouling Organisms (vol. I-- Barnacles), illus., printed. Organisation for Eco- nomic Co-Operation and Development, 2 Rue Andre Pascal, Paris, France. Vol. 26, No. 12 MARINE RESOURCES: Report of the First Session of the Advisory Commit- tee on Marine Resources Researc , Rome, 28 January-2 February, 1963, Fisheries Report No. 14, 53 pp., processed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Or- ganization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. MARYLAND: Nineteenth Annual Report, 1962, 142 pp., printed. Maryland Board of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Md. MASSACHUSETTS: A Technical Study of the Scallop & Flounder Industr: of New Bedford, Massachusetts, 207 pp., illus., proc- essed, $1, Area Redevelopment Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., 1964. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Deals with the operational problems facing the fishing industry in New Bedford. Special atten- tion was given to the personnel engaged in the in- dustry, both those who work aboard the vessels and those who are engaged in shore facilities. Discussed in detail are the vessels, equipment, sanitation, in- surance, and conservation of product. Vessel con- struction and sources of supply are also an integral part of the report. The problems affecting the prod- uct, in regards to geographical location, and the processing of the product, are dealt with in detail. Recommendations regarding all of the above elements have been incorporated into this report for further action for the benefit of the fishing industry in gen- eral. MEDITERRANEAN SEA: "Bedarf die marine fauna der mediterranen Kustenzone eines schutzes ?'' (Does the marine fauna of the Med- iterranean coasts need protection), by H. R. Haefel- finger, article, Revue Suisse de Zoologie, vol. 70, no. 2, 1963, pp. 252-258, printed in German. Societe Suisse de Zoologie et du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland. MEXICO: Establishing a Business in Mexico, by Katherine E. Rice, OBR 64-82, 28 pp., printed, July 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) A generally accepted principle is that foreigners have the right to invest in Mexico and to withdraw the profits and + proceeds provided they do so in accordance with Mexican laws. In addition to investment policy, the report discusses entrance and rights of aliens, busi- ness organization law, and taxation regulations. It also covers licensing agreements; patents, trade- marks, and copyrights; labor legislation; and United States taxation of income earned in Mexico. Estadisticas Pesqueras Concentradas, 1956-1961 (Fishery Statistics Compilations, 1956-1961), 170 pp., printed in Spanish, 1964. Direccion General de Pesca e Industrias Conexas, Secretaria de Industrias y Comercio, Mexico, D. F. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 145 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. MO LLUSCS: Physiology of Mollusca, edited by Karl M. Wilbur and on M. Yonge:, I vol., illus., printed, 1964, Academ- ic Press, Inc., 125 E, 23rd St., New York, N. Y. 10010, MUSSELS: Contribucion al Estudio Biologico del MYTILUS PLA- EN ontribution to the Biclogical Study of My- tilus platensis), by Zulma J, Ageitos de Castellanos, 29 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1962, Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia de la Nacion Buenos Aires, Argentina, The Distribution, Ecology, and Life History of the ~ Mussel, ACTIN ONATASE ELLIPSIFORMIS (Conrad), in Michigan, by Henry Van der Schalie, Occasional Papers No. 633, 17 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Muse- um of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich, "Mussel culture," by B. H. Havinga, article, Sea Fron- tiers, vol. 10, no. 3, July 1964, pp. 155-161, illus., printed, Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149, Discusses the marine food chain and the part played by the mussel in that chain; the culture of mussels in the Netherlands, France, and Spain--collection and sowing of seeds, care and feeding of the young, and harvesting of mature mussels and preparation for market; and possibilities of expanding the industry. NATURAL RESOURCES: The following United States papers prepared for the United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Developed Areas, held at Geneva, February 1963, by the Science Conference Staff, Agency for Interna- tional Development, U. S. Department of State, Wash- ington, D, C., are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S, Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D, C, 20402, Natural Resources--Energy, Water, and River Basin Development, vol. I, 366 Pp., illus., printed, $1.25, Natural Resources--Minerals and Minin Mapping and Geodetic Control, vol. Il, 362 pp., illus., printed, $1. Agriculture, vol, III, 272 pp., illus., printed, 75 cents. fretadas the following articles on fishery resources and production: "Development of modern fisheries: experiences in the United States," by Lionel Walford; "Improvement of production and preservation meth- ods in an underdeveloped fishery through upgrading fishing vessels, gear, and sanitary procedures," by Charles Butler, H. B, Allen, and Lee Alverson; and "Ocean fishery products and their inland transport in less developed areas," by Wilbert M. Chapman and others. Industrial Development, vol. IV, 198 pp., printed, 55 cents, Transportation, vol, V, 164 pp., illus., printed, 50 cents, Health and Nutrition, vol, VI, 202 pp., illus., printed, 60 cents. Social Problems of Development and Urbanization, vol. VII, 98 pp., printed, 35 cents. Organization, Planning and Programming for Economic Developme t, vol. vit 150 pp., illus., printed, 45 cents, Scientific and Technological Policy, Planning, and Or- ganization, vol, IX, pp., printed, 30 cents, International Cooperation and Problems of Transfer and Adaptation, vol. X, 71 pp., illus., printed, 30 cents, Human Resources-=Training of Scientific and Techni- cal Personnel, vul, XI, BTb pp. illus., printed, 60 cents, Communications, vol. XII, 170 pp., illus., printed, 50 cents, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Fisheries Division, Annual Report of Operations, 1963, 29 pp., printed, 1963, Fisheries Division, New Hamp- shire Fish and Game Department, Concord, N. H. NEW MEXICO: Natural Resources of New Mexico, 71 pp., illus., print- ed, 1964, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washing- ton, D. C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) NORTHEAST ATLANTIC OCEAN: "Compte rendu preliminaire de la campagne de la Thalassa en Islande, aux Feroe et a Rockall (Mai- Juin 1963)"' (Preliminary report on the cruise of the Thalassa to Iceland, the Faroes, and Rockall Bank-- May-June 1963), by Louis Faure, article, France Peche, no, 86, July-August 1964, pp, 39-43, illus., printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France, NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN: Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the North-Eastern Part of the Pacific Ocean, edited by P, A. Moiseev, Trudy, vols. 48 and 49, printed in Russian with Eng- lish summary and table of contents, 1963-1964, Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Mors- kogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii, Verkhn, Krasnosel'skaia U1, No. 17, Moscow, U.S. 5S. R. NORTHERN RHODESIA: (Joint Fisheries Research Organization) Annual Report, No. 11, 1961, 118 pp., printed, 1964, Joint Fisheries Research Organization, Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia. NORWAY: Fiskeristatistikk 1962 (Fishery Statistics 1962), Norges Offisielle Statistikk XII 144, 84 pp., illus., printed in Norwegian with English table of contents, Fiskeri- Sreunienen, Bergen, Norway.. Contains statistical tables on number of fishermen by sole, main, and sub- sidiary occupation; open and decked-powered fishing vessels by length; quantity and value of all Norwegian sea fisheries, annual average; quantity and value of each species; quantity and value of processed fish products landed; disposition of landings; exports and imports of fish and fishery products; winter herring by disposition; and other related data, 146 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 OCEANOGRAPHY: Achievements in Oceanography. No, 1--Progress in the Study of the Depths of the Oceans, edited by Lev Aleksandrovich Zenkevich, OTS 60-41204, 253 pp., illus., printed, 1960. (Translated from the Russian, Itogi Nauki, 1959, pp. 5-147.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C. 20230. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico, vol 1, no, 1, July 1961, 286 pp., illus., printed in Spanish and English, single copy Bs. 6 (about US$1.80). Instituto Ocean- ografico, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado de Cor- reos 94, Cumana, Venezuela. Includes, among oth- ers, an article on: ''A racial investigation of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneaus) of the At- lantic Coast of North America," by William Albert Lund, Jr. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico, vol. 1, no, 2, De- cember 1961, 200 pp., illus., printed in Spanish and English, single copy Bs. 6 (about US$1.80). Instituto Oceanografico, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado de Correos 94, Cumana, Venezuela. Includes, among others, these articles: ''On some oceanographic ob- servations in the southeastern Caribbean Sea and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean with special reference to the influence of the Orinoco River," by Herman G. Gade; and "Osteologia comparada en ocho especies de Pomadasyidae (Pisces-Perciformes) del Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela, y areas adyacentes" (Compara - tive osteology of 8 species of Pomadasyidae-- Pisces - Perciformes --ofthe Gulfof Cariaco, Venezuela, and adjacent areas), by Francisco Mago Leccia. Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fish- eries (Vol. 5, Subject Index--Physical Oceanography), FIb/35, processed, November 1963. Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organiza - tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fish- eries (Vol. 6, Subject Index--Physical Oceanography), FlIb/39, processed, March 1964, Biology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Car acalla, Rome, Italy. The Design of a Deep Moored Oceanographic Station, “by George R. Schick, 14 pp., printed. 1363. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, Calif. The overall design techniques for a taut nylon mooring are covered. Factors that in- fluence the selection of a surface float configuration are discussed. Deals with some problems of instru- ment line design and manufacture. A summary of recent experience with this type of mooring is pre- sented, Developments in Soviet Oceanography, JPRS 21,278, 20 pp., illus., printed, 1963. {trenslated from the Russian, Priroda, no. 6, June 1963.) Office of Tech- nical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C. 20230. International Marine Science, vol. II, no. 1, January 1964, 42 pp., processed, Fisheries Biology Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Includes an excerpt from an address by the late Pres- ident John F, Kennedy concerning oceanographic re- search; reports of national committees of Poland and Republic of South Africa; data on the national ocean- ographic programs of Argentina, Federal Republic of Germany, Chile, Korea, Portugal, United Kingdom, and U.S. S. R.; and information onthe Guinean Trawl- ing Survey, and ICNAF Environmental Study. Also outlines forthcoming meetings on marine sciences; meetings of the IOC Working Group on Communica- tions, World Food Congress, International Associa- tion of Physical Oceanography, and FAO Working Party for the Rational Utilization of Tuna Resources of the Atlantic Ocean; training courses and seminars, and fellowships; new oceanographic equipment and research craft; and activities of the Intergovernment- al Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, and the World Meteorological Organization. International Marine Science, vol. II, no. 2, April 1964, 40 pp., processed, Fisheries Biology Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy Con- tains information on national committees for ocean- Ographic research in Malaysia, the United States, and Italy; and these international organizations--South West Atlantic Fisheries Advisory Commission, East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organi- zation, International Association of Physical Ocean- ography, Pacific Science Association, and Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses, Outlines the national oceanographic programs of Ar- gentina, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and Portugal; projects of the International Biological Programme, International Indian Ocean Expedition, and ICNAF Environmental Study; forthcoming meet- ings on marine sciences; training courses and semi- nars, and fellowships; new oceanographic equipment; and activities of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the FAO Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research, Lines of Research on Seawater Fertility, by Luigo Tovasoli, pp., 1lus., printed in Japanese with English bibliography, March 28, 1964, Japan Fish- eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Oceanographic Bibliography, 1960-1963, compiled by H. B. Hachey, pp., printed, 1963. Canadian Com- mittee on Oceanography, St. Andrews, N. B. Canada, An Oceanographic Investigation of Causes, Mechanisms, “and Predictability of Changes in Availability of Tuna in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Quarterly henort No. 11, 1960; Half-Yearly Report, July-December, 1962, STOR Program Progress Reports, printed, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla Calif, "Okeanograficheskie organizatsii Kanady i osnovnaya tematika ikh rabot'’ (Oceanographic organizations of Canada and the principal subject of their studies), by A. Ya. Minevich, article, Okeanologiya, vol. 2, no. 5, 1962, pp. 947-948, printed in Russian. Okean- ologiya, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S. R. December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 147 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. "Preliminary Report on Marine Biological Anomalies on the Pacific Coast of Japan in Earky Months of 1963, with Reference to Oceanographic Conditions, by Zinziro Nakai, and others, Contribution A-199, 19 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 38, February 1964, pp. 57-75.) Tokai Regional Fish- eries Research Laboratory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, "Sources of limnological and oceanographic apparatus and supplies," by J. F. T. Saur and others, article, Limnology and Oceanography, suppl. to vol. 9 (Special Publication No, 1, Third Revision), pp. 1-32, printed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. Soviet Oceanography, issue no, 3, 1962 series, 51 pp., illus., eroceesey, single copy $8.50. American Geo- physical Union, Suite 506, 1145 19th St. NW., Wash- ington, D, C, 20036. Contains articles translated from the oceanology sections of Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., vols. 142-147, 1962, and 148-153, 1963, Includes, among others articles on: "The tropical phytoplankton of the Indian Ocean," by I, N, Sukhanova; "Distribution of mass species of the Genus Calanus in the Southern Hemisphere, " by K. A. Brodskiy; and "Quantitative distribution of bot- tom fauna in the northern part of the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal," by M. N. Sokolova and F, A, Pasternak, Ondersea tee vol. 5, no. 5, May 1964, 51 pp., us., printed, single copy$1. Compass Publications, Inc., 1111 N. 19thSt., Arlington, Va. 22209. Contains among others, articles on: ''Congress looks to the sea;" "Oceanography pot boils," by Richard E. Mun- ske; and ''Engineering the oceans," by Athelstan Spilhaus. OCEAN PERCH: Biology of Reproduction of the Redfishes SEBASTES INUS L, and SEBASTES MENTELLA Travin in (Translated from the Russian, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Trudy Soveshchanii, no. 8, 1959, pp. 158-170.) Biological Station, Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada. Report on the North Atlantic Redfish Fisheries, 9 pp., printed, 1964. White Fish Authority, Lincoln's Inn Chambers, 2/3 Cursitor St., London EC4, England. "Scottish redfish larval investigations in 1962 with some observations on mid-oceanic echo-traces," by D. F. S, Raitt, article, Journal Du Conseil, vol. 29, no, 1, June 1964, pp. 65-72, illus., printed, single copy 16 kr. (about US$2.30), Andr. Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copenhagen, Denmark, OCTOPUS AND SQUID: "Blekkspruten, den betydning 1 verdenshusholdningen-- Litt norsk import av hermetisk vare fra Japan og Portugal" (Octopus and Squid, their importance in the world economy--small Norwegian import of canned goods from Japan and Portugal), by B. Ldévas- Svendsen, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri, vol, 50, no, 8, August 1964, pp. 269-273, illus., print- ed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetikfabrikers Lands- forening, Stavanger, Norway. ODOR ABATEMENT: Odour Abatement Tests at a Fishmeal Plant, by S, W. F. Hanson, Torry Memoir No, 164, 4 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Fishing News International, April-June 1964,) Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. OKLAHOMA: Standing Crop of Fish in Oklahoma Ponds, by Robert M. Jenkins, Report No. 65, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1958, Department of Wildlife Conservation, Fish- eries Division, Oklahoma City, Okla. OREGON: Annual Report, 1962, 409 pp., printed, 1963. Fishery Division, Oregon Game Commission, Portland, Oreg. OTOLITHS: "Burning of otoliths, a technique for age determination of soles and other fish," by Jorgen Mé@ller Christensen, article, Journal Du Conseil, vol. 29, no, 1, June 1964, pp. 73-81, illus., printed, single copy 16 kr. (about US$2.30). Andr, Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copen- hagen, Denmark. OYSTERS: "Building an oyster cleansing plant," article, Fisher- ies Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 23-26, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. Discusses the construction and operation of an inexpensive plant for purifying oysters from sewage pollution, Water is pumped into tanks from the sea and used for 7-14 days. During this period several batches of oys- ters may be purified in the same water, each batch being held for two nights (36 hours minimum). In managing the unit, consisting of a large subdivided concrete tank, each half of the plant may be filled with oysters on alternate days so that cleansed oys- ters are available daily. Water is sterilized by ex- posure to ultra-violet lamps for 24 hours, immedi- ately after being pumped from the sea. The Effect of Kraft Mill Effluent on the Pacific Oyster “(GRASSOSTREA GIGAS) with Particular Reference to Crofton, B. C.,” by D. B. Quayle, Manuscript Re- port Series (Biological) No. 765, 20 pp., illus., print- ed, 1964, Biological Station, Fisheries Board of Can- ada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada. Recherches sur l'Ostreiculture dans le Bassin de Chasse d'Ostende en 1960 (Research on Oyster Cul- ture in the Tidal Basin at Ostende in 1960), by E. LeLoup and others, 89 pp., illus., printed in French. Ministere de l'Agriculture, Commission T, W. O. Z., Group de Travail Ostreiculture, Ostende, Belgium. PACIFIC OCEAN: A Study of Demersal Fishes and Fisheries of the North- ~éastern Pacific Ocean, by D. L. Alverson, A. T. Pruter, and L. L. Ronholt, H. R. MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries, 194 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Institute of Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Each year, under a fund established by Dr. H. R. MacMillan, a series of 148 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. lectures or a symposium is presented at the Insti- tute of Fisheries, The University of British Colum- bia, on problems of current interest. When appro- priate, the material presented at those sessions has been assembled for publication, This is the fourth such report to be issued, Its purposes are to (1) re- view the development and magnitude of demersal fisheries in the northeastern Pacific Ocean; (2) de- scribe the gear and fishing techniques used to har- vest the resources; (3) summarize results of explor- atory fishing surveys to provide information on the distribution, relative abundance, and sizes of demer- sal fishes inhabiting the continental shelf and con- tinental slope off North America from Oregon to the Bering Sea; and (4) consider the magnitude and cur- rent use of demersal fish stocks. Included are chap- ters on Pacific Coast groundfish fisheries; fishing by Asian nations in the eastern North Pacific; history of United States groundfish explorations--regions surveyed and methods of analysis; flounders; and rockfish, Also discussed in detail are roundfish-- cod, hake, sablefish, greenlings, rattails, and scul- pins; sharks, skates, and ratfishes; the demersal fish community; distribution and relative abundance as related to environmental factors; and the resource and its use, PARASITES: : Estimation of Incidence of Larval Nematodes in Cod Fillets from the Southern Canadian Mainland to 1963, by F. D. McCracken and D, N, Fitzgerald, Manu- script Report Series (Biological) No. 781, 10 pp., printed, 1964, Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada. PERU: Market Factors in Peru, by Richard H. Mullins, OBR 64- 76, 12 pp., printed, June 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Peru's economy continued its favorable growth in 1963, with real gross national product increasing by 5-1/2 percent. The outlook for 1964 was for somewhat faster growth than in 1963, It is expected that Peru will demand more and more capital goods as opposed to consum- er goods in coming years. In addition to future out- look, the report discusses the scope and nature of the Peruvian market; competition and the United States share of the over-all market; and a market analysis for selected commodities and services. PESTICIDES: “Alteration in nerve cells in fish and crustaceans caused by insecticides," by H. Kayser, D. Ludemann, and H, Neumann, article, Water Pollution Abstracts, vol, 37, no, 1, 1964, 173, printed. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4, England, "Investigations into the toxicity of some herbicides for fish. 10--On the toxicity of modern pest-destroy- ing agents for fish,"' by G, Bodenstein and G, M. Bast- gen, article, Water Pollution Abstracts, vol. 36, no. 3, 1963, 518, printed. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4, England, PIKE -PERCH: Synopsis of Biological Data on Pike-Perch, LUCIO- PERCA LUCIOPERCA (Linnaeus) 1758, F'B/S28, pro- cessed, March 1964, Biology Branch, Fisheries Divi- sion, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. PLAICE: Plaice Investigations in Scottish Waters. 1--Size-Com- position of the Stocks, 1910-1952, Marine Research 1964 No, 1, 29 pp., printed, 1964, Department of Ag- riculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scot- land. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) On the Relation between Stock Density and Growth in “the Plaice Population of the German Bight, by Gott- hilf Hempel, Franslation 23, 8 pp., printed, 1964, (Translated from the German, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung, vol. 14, no. 2, 1958.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suf- folk, England. PLANKTON: The Pilchard of South West Africa (SARDINOPS OCEL- ~ LATA)--Zooplankton Studies in the Waters off Walvis Bay with Special Reference to the Copepoda, by H. K. nteruberbacher, Investigational Report No, 11, 78pp., illus., printed, 1964. Marine Research Laboratory, Administration of South West Africa, Windhoek, South West Africa. "Tiny drifters of the sea,'’ by John J. Lee and Hugo Freudenthal, article, Natural History, vol. 73,ino. 8, October 1964, pp. 44-45, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents, The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park W, at 79th St., New York, N. Y. 10024, POLLUTION: 1 Toxicity of Pollution to Aquatic Life - a Summary of Research in Canada, by J. B. Sprague, Manuscript Re- port Series (Biological) No. 771, 18 pp., printed, 1964, Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Can- ada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, PORTUGAL: Boletim da Pesca, vol. 16, no. 83, June 1964, 83 pp., illus., printed in Portuguese. Gabinete de Estudos das Pescas, R. S. Bento, 644, 4° Esq., Lisbon, Por- tugal. Includes articles on: 'Algumas consideracoes sobre os indices de abundancia da Pescado (Merluc- cius merluccius L,) na costa of Portugal" (Some con- siderations on the indexes of abundance of fish--Mer- luccius merluccius L.--along the coast of Portugal), by Rui Monteiro; "Alguns aspectos da conservacao do peixe pelo sal e sua bacteriologia" (Some aspects of preservation of fish by salt and its bacteriology), by A. T. Botelho; ''Selectividade de redes de arrastar" (Selectivity of trawl nets), by Rui Monteiro; and "Portugal e as suas relacoes piscatorias com a Ter- ra Nova e o Canada" (Portugal and its fishery rela- tions with Newfoundland and Canada), by Eurico A. Valadao do Vale. PREDATORS: 1964, (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Sovesh- December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 149 chanii, no, 133, 1961.) Fisheries Laboratory, Minis- try of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, PRESERVATION: The Work of the Tcrry Research Station and the Hum- ~ ber Laboratoryfor Research on the Problems of Han- dling and Preservation of Fish and Fishery By-Pro- ducts. A Brief Description, 23 pp., illus., printed. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hereford, England, PROCESSING: "A practical method for brining and smoking fish," by A. W. Lantz, article, Trade News, vol. 16, no, 12, June 1964, pp. 14-17, illus., processed. Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ot- tawa, Canada. Describes, with the help of drawings, the 9 steps involved in brining and smoking fresh-water fish. Included is a plan of the smokehouse, which can be constructed athome. Fish whichcanbe smoked are goldeye, whitefish, tullibee, trout, mullet, pike, and pickerel, Processing Mussels, Cockles and Whelks, by J. J.Wa- terman, Torry Advisory Note No, 13, 10 pp., illus., printed, December 1963. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Problem of Excess Moisture in Fish, by H. E, Power, Circular (New Series) No. 16, 3 pp., printed. Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Canada, QUALITY: Les Causes de 1'Altération du Poisson et 1'Influence “de la Temperature (Causes of Deterioration of Fish and the Influence of Temperature), by P. Hovart, E. Van Damme, and W. Vyncke, 42 pp., illus., printed in French. (Reprinted from Revue de l'Agriculture, vol, 17, nos, 5-6, May-June 1964, pp. 647-688.) Min- istere de l'Agriculture, 10 rue du Meridien, Brussels, Belgium. "The enzymatic degradation of neurosine as an index of fish quality,'' by Morris H. Baslow, article, Amer- ican Zoologist, vol. 3, no, 4, 1963, p. 536, printed. American SS aaty of Zoologists, 104 Liberty St., U- tica, N.Y. RADIATION PRESERVATION: A Report to the Fishing Industry on the Use of Radia- tion for the Preservation of Marine Products, by H. E. Power, Circular (New Series) No. 18,2 pp., print- ed, 1964, Technological Research Laboratory, Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Halifax, N. S., Can- ada. RADIOACTIVITY: On the Accumulation of Fission Products by Marine ~ Organisms, I--The Accumulation of Strontium-90, Yttrium-91 and Cerium-144 by Benthic Plants and Animals, by G. G. Polikarpov. Translation No. 30, PP. Eecrr sed 1964, (Translated from the Rus- sian, Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly, Biologivhrd- kir Nauki, no, 3, 1360.3 Fisheries Tasdeators Min- istry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, "The uptake of radioactivity by fish and shellfish, I-- 134 Caesium by whole animals," by F. Morgan, arti- cle, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 44, no. I, 1964, pp. 259-271, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England, RAYS: " Nuevas Especies de Rayas"" para la Fauna del Peru (New Species of “Rays” among the Fauna of Peru), by Norma Chirichigno F., Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica 20, 13 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1963, Servicio de Pesqueria, Lima, Peru. RETAILING: Fish Display in Retail Shops, Torry Advisory Note No, 12, 7 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Torry Research Sta- tion, Aberdeen, Scotland. ROCKFISH: "Sebastodes phillipsi, a new Scorpaenid fish from Cal- ifornian waters, by John E, Fitch, article, Copeia, no, 3, September 10, 1964, pp, 525-529, illus., print- ed, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpe- tologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. De- scribes the discovery and identification of a new rockfish from California waters, This fish is found between Monterey Bay and Santa Catalina Island, us- ually in water deeper than 800 feet. Because of its habit of changing color from a whitish-pink to gold- en-crimson when boated, it is given the common name of ''chameleon rockfish."" This species proved to be identical to a fish previously described in 1957 but thought to be a hybrid. SAFETY: Safety Afloat, 18 pp., illus., printed. Mobil Oil Com- pany, Marine Retail Department, 150 E, 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10017, Contains safety rules of val- ue to both the professional and the amateur boatman, Illustrated with colored drawings, it includes infor- mation on the pre-cruise safety checklist; buoys, waterway markers; rules of the road; Coast Guard requirements for small craft; emergency drills; safe water skiing; safe fueling procedures; artificial respiration; first aid at a glance; anchoring; coastal weather warnings; and distress signals. SALMON: Abundance, Distribution, and Size of Juvenile Red Salm - on of the 1960 Year Class in lliamna Lake, Alaska, printed, 1964, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Annual Report, 1963, 47 pp., printed, 1964, Skeena Salmon Management Committee, Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. Artificial Propagation of Salmon in Japan, by T. Mi- hara, S. Sano, and H. Eguchi, 62 pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Japan Fisheries Resources Conserva- tion Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, USSR Overseas Fisheries Series No. 1, 72 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, February 10, 1964. Japan Fish- 150 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. eries Resources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, To- kyo, Japan. The Chinook and Coho Salmon Fisheries of British Co- “lumbia, by D. J. Milne, Bulletin No. 142, 46 pp., printed, 1964. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada. The Ecology of the Young Stages of the Atlantic Salm- “on in the River Bran, Ross-shire, by D. H. Mills, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research No. 32, 58 pp., printed, 1964, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) Experiments on the Effect of Captivity on Salmon Be- haviour, by D, V. Ellis, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 756, 30 pp., printed, 1964. Biolo- gical Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada. Factors Affecting Marine Age at Return in Sockeye Salmon, by Ted S_Y. Koo, Circular No, 208, 9 pp., printed, 1964. Fisheries Research Institute, Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash. "Indian River spawning channel," by J. J. Quigley, article, Trade News, vol. 17, no. 2, August 1964, pp. 3-4, illus., processed. Information and Consum- er Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Can- ada. The Migration and Exploitation of Pink Salmon Runs in and Adjacent to the Fraser River Convention Area in 1959, by E. H. Vernon, A. S. Hourston, and G. A. it folland, Bulletin XV, 302 pp., illus., printed, 1964. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, P. O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada. "Mortality of pink and chum salmon eggs and larvae in southeast Alaska streams," by William John Mc- Neil, article, Disseration Abstracts, vol. 23 (12 Pt. 1), 1963, pp. 4489-4490, printed. University Micro- films, University of Michigan, 313 N. 1st St., Ann Arbor, Mich, "Nablyudeniya za nerestom gorbushi Oncorhynchus orbusha (Walbaum) i letnei kety Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum) v reke My (liman Amura)™ (Observations of spawning of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha-=-. Walbaum--and chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta-- Walbaum--in the My River--Amur DERE I.1. Strekalova, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 256-265, illus., printed in Here, Aka- demiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S. S. R. "On the problems of population dynamics relevant to immature salmon caught offshore in the North Pa- cific, '' by Takeyuki Doi, article, Bulletin of the To- kai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 35, 1962, pp. 1-8, printed. Tokai Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, Tsukishima, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Rol! vitaminov Ai By, v vyrashchivanii molodilososya" (The role of vitamins A and B in the rearing of salm- onfry), by Z. I. Chudova, article, Trudy Nauchno- Issledovatel'skii Instituta Rybnoe Khoziaistva Lat- vilsk. , vol, 3, 1961, pp. 421-429, printed in Rus- Sian. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. 10010. Salmon Packing; Equipment and Operation, by S. W. Roach and F. G. Giaveete Circular No. 30, 7 pp., printed, 1964. Technological Research Laboratory, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver, ~ B. C., Canada. Sizes and Ages of Chinook (ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHA- WYTSCHA) and Coho (O. KISUTCH) salmon in the British Columbia Troll Fisheries (1952-1959) and the Fraser River Gill-Net Fishery (1956-1959), by D. J. Milne, Manuscript Report Series (Biological) No. 776, 36 pp., illus., printed, 1964. Biological Station, Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada, The Stock of Baltic Salmon and the Swedish Taggin "Experiments, by Borje Carlin, Circular No. ae 27 pp., printed, 1964. (Translated from the Swedish, Laxforskninginstutet Meddelande.) Fisheries Re- search Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. The Susceptibility of Salmonid Fish to Poisons under Estuarine Conditions. 1--Zine Sulphate, by D. W.M. Herbert, Reprint No. 441, 5 pp., printed, 1964. (Re- printed from International Journal of Air and Water Pollution, 1964.) Water Pollution Research Labora- tory, Stevenage, Hertford, England. "OQ yozraste i dinamike chislennosti tikhookeanskoi gorbushi Oncorhynchus gorbusha (Walb.)' (On the age and population dynamics of the Pacific pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.), by Yu. E. Lapin, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 3, no. 2, 1963, pp. 243-255, illus., printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. The following articles were published in Oregon Fish Commission Research Briefs, vol. 9,no.1,1 , printed. Fish Commission of Oregon, 307 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW. 5th Ave., Portland, Oreg. 97201: "An attempt to mark juvenile silver salmon by feeding selected metallic compounds," by Thomas B. McKee and Wallace F. Hublou, pp. 27-29, illus. "Tength-weight relationship of artificially propagated juvenile silver salmon," by David A. Leith and Ellis J. Wyatt, pp. 37-41, illus. "An operculum marking experiment on juvenile chinook salmon," by Earl F. Pulford and Lawrence M. Woodall, pp. 30-36, illus. SALMON AND TROUT: Cyanide in Salmon and Brown Trout, by A. V. Holden and K. Marsden, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research 33, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1964, 4s. (about 80 U.S. cents). Department of Agriculture and Fish- eries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) 12 December 1964 "Investigation and management of Atlantic salmonand trout. Part 1--The research program; Part 2--The management program," article, Trade News, vol. 17, no, 1, July 1964, pp. 3-15, illus., processed, Infor- mation and Consumer Service, Department of Fish- eries, Ottawa, Canada. Summarizes the 1963-64re- search programs conducted by the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada's Biological Stations atSt. Andrews, N. B., and St. John's, Newfoundland. In- vestigations were made of the effect of insecticide spraying of New Brunswick forests and associated abundance of salmon; merganser (fish-eating ducks) control; Pollett River, N. B., salmon studies; re- turn of experimentally-displaced salmon parr to their "homes;" return of tagged and marked native smolts in the northwest Miramichi River; Canadian tagged salmon recaptured near Greer’and, and mine waste pollution studies. Summarizes the 1963-64 management program in the Maritimes area, Quebec, and Newfoundland. Activities included construction of fish facilities for dams, operation of fish culture stations, salmon transfers, spawning channels, and remedial work on logging dam obstruction. The Occurrence and Pathology of Dee Disease, by Isa- “bel W. Smith, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheties Re- search 34, 15 pp., illus., printed, 1964, 15s. (about US$3). Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 ThirdAve., New York, N. Y. 10022.) SANITATION: Food-plant Sanitation, by Milton E, Parker and John H. Litchfield, 401 pp., illus., printed, 1962, Rein- hold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N. Y. Shellfish Sanitation Workshop: Proceedings, Novem- ber 26-30, 1961, 288 pp., printed, 1962. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, Washington, D, C. 20201, SARDINE: Efficiency and Rate of Yolk Utilization by Developin mbryos and Larvae of the Pacific Sardine DIN- OPS CRERULES (Girard), by Reuben Lasker, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 5, 1962, pp. 867-875.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada, "A sardinha portuguesa de que todo o mundo gosta e uma das maiores fontes de requeza nacional" (The Portuguese sardine, which is enjoyed by the whole world, is one of the major sources of national wealth), article, Jornal do Pescador, vol. 26, no, 306, July 1964, pp. 41-44, printed ‘in Portuguese, single copy 5 escudos (about 18 U.S. cents), Junta Central das Casas dos Pescadores, Rua de S, Bento, 644-4°, Lisbon, Portugal. of, dines and World Scientific Meeting on the Biolo Related Species, Rome, 1959--Documents to be Con- sidered by Workin Group on Sardine Measuring, lvol., illus., poineca in French, Spanish, and English, 1959. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 151 BUT USUALLY MAY BE SARDINE AND ANCHOVY: Studies on the Sardine (SARDINA PILCHARDUS Walb,) ~and Anchovy (ENGRAULIS ENCRASICHOLUS L.) in the Gulf of Naples and Their Behaviour to Artificial Light, by Olav Dragesund, GFCM Studies and Reviews No, 23, 44 pp., illus., processed, June 1964, General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. SCALLOPS: "Scallop market," article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 23, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 19, 21, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia, Since Australian scallop pro- duction in 1963-64 expanded substantially with the uti- lization of new beds in Victoria, the need to increase exports became apparent. Australian Trade Commis- sioners overseas were asked to evaluate markets for scallops. This article summarizes the results of those evaluations in France, Belgium, Malaysia, the Pacific Islands, United Kingdom, Greece, Hong Kong, Kenya, Bahrein and Kuwait, the United States, Leba- non, and Venezuela. Included is a table showing es- timated Australian scallop exports, 1960/61-1963/64, SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAM: Food Buying Guide for Type A School Lunches, PA-270 apiswal, 75 pp., illus., printed, $1.25, January 1964. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 20402.) Provides information for planning and calculating the quantities of food, including fish and shellfish, to be purchased and used by schools serving Type A lunch- es in the National School Lunch Program, The Type A lunch pattern is a guide to well-balanced lunches, It is designed to help in planning lunches that supply the kind and amount of foods children need, SEALS: "About seals,'' by Bennet B. Rae, article, Scottish Fish- eries Bulletin, no, 21, June 1964, pp. 21-24, printed. Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, Department of Agricul- ture and Fisheries for Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland. "Grey seals and fisheries,"' by E. B. Worthington, ar- ticle, Nature, vol, 203, no, 4941, July 11, 1964, pp. 116-118, printed, single copy 4s. (about 55 U.S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10} Ne Ye SEA WEEDS: Annual Report for 1963, 20 pp., printed. Institute of Seaweed Hesearead Inveresk, Midlothian, Scotland. Discusses developments in the Scottish and foreign seaweed byproducts industry during 1963, and the Institute's information and technical assistance serv- ices, Also discusses production of alginates from seaweed, use of seaweed meal in animal feedstuffs, and development of fertilizers from seaweed. Includes results of investigations on algal polysaccharides, biochemical studies on seaweeds, nitrogenous con- stituents of marine algae, and chemical composition of marine micro-algae; and a list of publications on seaweeds issued during 1963, Cultivation of UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA (Harv.) Sur. (Wakame), by Yunosuke Saito, Fisheries Propagation 152 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, Series No. 2, 40 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, Feb- ruary 15, 1964. Japan Fisheries Resources Conser- vation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sakurakawa-cho, Shiba Nishikubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Seaweed Symposium, Proceedings, edited by Davy de Virville a J. Feldmann, pp., illus., printed, 1964, $15. MacMillan Company, 60 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10011, Proceedings of the fourth inter- national seaweed symposium, held at Biarritz, France, in September 1961. SEROLOGY: A Serological Approach to the Genus PSEUDOMONAS “by G. Hobbs and others, Torry Memoir No. 166, 12 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 27, no. 1, April 1964, pp. 83-92.) Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland, SHARKS: Nuevos Tiburones para la Fauna del Peru (New Sharks among the Fauna of Peru), by Norma ChirichignoF., Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica 19, 20 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 1963. Servicio de Pesqueria, Lima, Peru, SHRIMP: Clave para la Identificacion de los Camarones Marinos de Rio con Importancia Economica en el Oriente de Venezuela (Key to the Identification of Marine and Fresh-Water Shrimp of Economic Importance in Eastern Venezuela), by Pierre Davant, Cuadernos Oceanograficos, vol. 1, 114 pp., illus., printed in Spanish and English. Instituto Oceanografico, Uni- versidad de Oriente, Apartado de Correos 94, Cu- mana, Venezuela, "Claves para identificacion de camarones peneidos de interes comercial en el Ecuador" (Identification key for commercial Ecuadorian Penaeid shrimp), by Harold Loesch and Quinto Avila, article, Boletin Cientifico y Tecnico, vol. 1, no. 2, May 1964, pp. 1- 29, illus., printed in Spanish and English, single copy $1. Instituto Nacional de Pesca del Ecuador, Casilla 5918, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Investi Hons of the Erect of Vacuum and arbor Di- oxide Packin on the Storage of Frozen Shrimp, by O. Karsti am D. Hakvag, Fiskeridirektoratets Skri- fter, Serie Teknologiske Undersokelser, vol. 4, no. 1, 1961, 10 pp., illus., printed in Norwegian with English summary, Serie Teknologiske Undersokel- ser, Director of Fisheries, Bergen, Norway. "On the location of a nursery ground of the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man),"' by K. Raman, article, Current Science, vol, 33, no. 1, 1964, pp. 27- 28, illus.; printed. Current Science, Current Sci- ence Association, Balgalore, India. Objections to the Proposed Validation under Plenar Saree of a Neotype for CANCER SETIFERUS L. 1767 (Crustacea, Peran da), by Gordon Gunter, 4 pp., printed, (Reprinted from Bulletin of Zoological No= menclature, vol, 21, part 3, August 1964, pp. 339- 2.) International Commission on Zoological No- menclature, c/o British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Rd., London SW7, England. A Provisional List of Experts Concerned with the Study of the Biology and Culture of Shrimps and. Prawns, by H. Rosa, FAO Fisheries Biology Tech- nical Paper No, 44, 11 pp., processed, 1964. Biol- ogy Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. "Shrimp conditions - 1964,''by LyleS. St. Amant, arti- cle, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 14, nos. 9 and 10, September-October 1964, pp. 16-17, illus., print- ed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Summarizes the total shrimp production for the first half of 1964 in the Louisiana fishery, and production and conditions in the brown and white shrimp fisheries. Total shrimp produc- tion for 1964 is not expected to equal that of 1963 un- less the white shrimp landings exceed those of last year. Total production for the first half of 1964 was about 12,2 million pounds as compared to 15.6 mil- lion pounds for the same period in 1963. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Long-Range Planning for Small Businesses, by Robert Milroy and others, Management Research Summa- ry, 2 pp., processed, 1964. Small Business Admini- stration, Washington, D. C, 20416. Long-term plan- ning involves (1) setting up objectives, and (2) linking them to the present situation bya series of intermedi- ate plans. A good way to reduce long-range plans to concrete form is to project financial statements for each year of the planning period, Those plans should be reexamined in the light of actual results at least once a year. SMOKED FISH: "Salting, preservation and processing of sea bass as an intermediate step in the production of smoked fish,"' by N. I, Sukrutov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo vol. 1, 1962, pp, 78-81, illus., printéd in Russian, v. Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Smoked Fish--Recommended Practice for Retailers, Torry Advisory Note No. 14,5 pp., printed, 1963. Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. SMOKING: Being the Second International Session on Advances in the Engineering of the Smoke Curing Process, Jour- nal of Yugoslav Meat Industry Special Edition, 1962, 100 pp., printed. Yugoslav Institute of Meat Technol- ogy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. "Influence of seven factors of electrostatic smoking process on final quality of smoked products," by D, J. Tilgner and Z, E, Sikorski, article, Fleischwirt- schaft, vol. 15, no, 5, 1963, pp. 391-415, printed in German, Die Fleischwirtschaft, Verlafshaus Spon- holz GmbH, Kockstrasse 60-61, Berlin SW68, Ger- many. Intensification of the Smoke Curing Process, by D. J. artme nimal 2 ilgner, Department o roducts Technology, Politechnika Gdanska, Poland. Paper presented at First International Congress of Food Science and Technology, London, September 18-21, 1962, December 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 153 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. SNAIL: "Immigrant snail is dinner delicacy," by Donald J. Zinn, article, Maritimes, vol, 8, no, 3, Summer 1964, pp. 15-16, illus., printed, Graduate School of Ocean- Ography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. Discusses the periwinkle (Littorina litorea), the common snail found abundantly along the New Eng- land coast; its history as a human food, introduction from its native European habitat, collection andstor- age, and methods of cooking, SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC: Census of the Fishing Industry, 1960-61, South Africa and South West Africa, Special Report No, 258, 34 pp., processed in Afrikaans and English, March 1963, 40 cents (about 56 U.S. cents). The Government Print- er, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, Contains the results of the first census of the South African and South-West African fisheries, Covers the com- mercial catching, landing, cleaning, salting, icing, sun-drying, and disposal of fish, but excludes fac- tory processing. Includes statistical tables on fish- ing vessels by harbors; motor boats and trawlers by fishing districts; employment in the fisheries by districts; quantity and value of fish landed by dis- tricts; disposal of the catch; revenue; expenditure; assets; and capital expenditure, Foreign Trade Regulations of the Republic of South Af- Tica, OBR 64-52 5 pp., printed, August 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U, S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Dis- cusses South Africa's trade policy, import tariff, special customs provision, shipping document, la- beling and marking requirements, nontariff import controls, export controls, United States' foreign trade controls, and diplomatic representation be=- tween the United States and that country, Also con- tains a section covering sales and other internal taxes, SPAIN: "Comentarios a la pesca espafiola de 1963--la pesca de gran altura, principal factor del aumento pes- quero" (Comments on the Spanish catch of 1963-- the high seas fishery, principal factor in the growth of the fishing industry), article, Boletim de Informa- cion, no, 69, June 1964, pp. 11-16, printed in Span- ish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, Paseo del Pra- do, 18-20, 69 Planta, Madrid, Spain, Comercio A Consumo de Pesca (Fishery Trade and ‘onsumption), pp., illus., printed in Spanish, 100 ptas. (about US$1.65). Boletim de Informacion del Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain, "Exportacion de pescados, crustaceos y moluscos" (Exportation of fish, crustaceans, and mollusk), ar- ticle, Informacion Conservera, vol. 12, no. 126, June 1964, pp, 236-238, printed in Spanish, single copy 30 ptas. (about 40 U.S. cents), Informacion Conser- vera, Colon, 62, Valencia, Spain. A reprint of the Resolution for General Direction of Foreign Com- merce of June 10, for the regulation of export of "Han entregado en 1963, ochenta buques pesqueros’” (In 1963, 80 fishing vessels have been delivered), ar- ticle, Industrias Pesqueras, vol, 38, nos, 889-890, May 15, 1964, pp. 197, 199, illus., printed in Spanish, Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo Spain, Investigacion Pesquera, vol, 25, January 1964, 161 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English summaries, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Paseo Naci- onal, s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain. Includes, among , others, articles on; ''Nombres vulgares y cientificos de las principales especies comerciales de crusta~ ceos de Cadiz" (Common and scientific names of the principal commercial species of crustaceans at Cadiz), and "Biologia del atin, Thunnus thynnus (L.), de la costa sudatlantica de Espana™ (Biology of the tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., of the south Atlantic coast of Spain), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda. Investigacion Pesquera, vol, 26, May 1964, 205 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English abstracts. In- stituto de Investigaciones ‘Pesqueras, Paseo Nacional s/n, Barcelona-3, Spain, Contains, among others, these articles: ''Talla, peso y edad de los atunes, Thunnus thynnus (L,), capturados por la almadraba de Barbate (costa sudatlantica de Espana) en 1963 y comparacion con el periodo 1956 a 1962" (Length, weight, and age of the tuna, Thunnus thynnus, (L,) land- ed by the tuna fishing fleet of Barbate--South Atlan- tic coast of Spain--in 1963 and comparison with the period 1956 to 1962), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda; '"Din- amica de la pesqueria de sardina de castellon, datos de 1961 y 1962"' (Dynamics of the sardine fishery of Castellon, between 1961 and 1962), by M. G. Larran- eta and P, Suau; and "Variacion estacional de la com- posicion quimica, extraccion y caracteristicas del agar-agar de algunas algas (genero Gelidium) de la costa sudatlantica espanola'' (Seasonal variation in the chemical composition, extraction, and character- istics of agar-agar of some algae--genus Gelidium-- of the south Atlantic Spanish coast), by R, Establier, "El nivel de produccion de las pesquerias en Espana" (The level of production in the Spanish fisheries), by V. Paz-Andrade, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol, 38, nos, 889-890, May 15, » Pp. 153-195. Tius., printed in Spanish, Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain, SPINY LOBSTER: "Une interessante experience de peche a la langouste en Afrique du Sud" (An interesting experience in the spiny lobster fishery of South Africa), article, La Peche Maritime, vol, 43, no, 1036, July 1964, pp. 505- 507, illus., printed in French, single copy 12 F. (a- bout US$2.45), Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Bou- levard Haussmann, Paris, France, SPITZBERGEN: The Fishery Characteristics of the West spitgbergen “Area, by T. 5. Berger, » | pp., ranslation No, processed, 1964. (Translated from the Russian, Nau- chno-Tekhnicheskii Biulletin, PINRO, No. 1, 1961, pp. 45-49.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agricul- ture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. SPRAT: The Biology and Fishery of the Sprat in the Northern “Part of the Baltic, by f. T. Kazanova, Trans. N.S.19. fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, 154 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No, 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 19 pp., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Commercial Fishery Investigations in the Bal- tic, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 42, 1960, pp. 84-98.) Fish- eries leshovatory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher- ies and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. On the Long-Term Fluctuations in the Abundance of the Baltic Sprat as Related to the Fluctuations inthe Productivity of Plankton, by I. I. Nikolaev, Transla- tion Series No. 241, 23 pp., printed, 1959. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy Vsesoiuznovo Nauch- no-Issledovatelskovo Instituta Morskovo Rybnovo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii (VNIRO), vol. 34, 1958, pp. 133-153.) Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada. The Sprat of the Black Sea, by N.E. Aslanova, Trans. N.S. 10, 7 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 8, 1954, pp. 87- 98.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, SQUID: "The Newfoundland squid fishery in 1964," by V.M. Hodder, article, Trade News, vol, 17, no, 1, July 1964, pp. 16-18, illus., processed, Information and Con- sumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, j STANDARDS: "Codex Alimentarius,'' by Nathan Koenig, article, For- eign Agriculture, vol, 11, no, 38, September 21, 1964, pp. 32 , illus., printed, single copy 20 cents. Foreign Agricultural Service, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.20402.) The development of trading areas throughout the world, improved transportation, and new food technology have all accelerated the pace of international trade in food, bringing about a new urgency for the establishment of standards that would facilitate world trade and also provide essential safe- guards for protecting consumer health and insuring fair practices, Under the leadership of two United Nations groups--Food and Agriculture and World Health--an international code of food standards known as the Codex Alimentarius is being formulated. The FAO Fisheries Division assumed leadership for pre- paratory work in standards for fish and fishery pro- ducts and last February convened a meeting of ex- perts from 12 countries. The recommendations re- sulting from the meeting were to be among those con- sidered at an October 1964 meeting of the Codex Al- imentarius Commission, ke Final Report of the Committee of Experts on Interna- \tional Standards for Fish and Fishery Products, 13 pp., processed, February 20, 1964, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Contains information on a meeting of the committee held at FAO headquarters, Rome, February 18-20, 1964, The membership con- sisted of experts from 12 countries actively associ- ated with international trade in fish and fishery pro- ducts, The Committee carried out the following a- genda items: recommendation of priorities among fish and fishery products to be standardized; prepar- ation of a code of principles for fish and fishery pro- ducts; and preparation of a draft model standard, Al- so included in the report are a list of participants and observers; a list of canned, frozen, and cured products given priority; a skeleton code of practice; and a suggested model standard, STERN TRAWLING: "Stern trawling fashionable," article, Fisheries News- letter, vol. 23, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 24-26, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. Discusses, with the aid of diagrams, the operation of a stern trawler; the introduction of this vessel into most fishing countries; the differences between it and the conventional side trawler; and details of construction. Economic ad- vantages of the stern trawler are: it saves up tohalf the time required by side trawlers to shoot and haul their gear; it saves time by fishing through weather which stops side trawlers; it saves wear, tear, and fuel by cutting out non-productive maneuvering; and it saves labor costs by controlling deck winches from the bridge and by mechanizing the fish-cleaning and gutting process. Stern Trawling; a Record of the Stern Trawling Con- ference at Grimsby, England in September, 1963,edi- ted by George Ward, pp., printed, 1964. Fishing News (Books), Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England, STORAGE: Bulking, Shelving or Boxing? by J. J. Waterman, Torry lvisory Note No, 15, pp., illus., printed, 1964, Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland, SUBMARINES FOR RESEARCH: "Manned submersibles of the world," by John A, Pritz- laff and Richard E, Munske, article, Undersea Tech- nology, vol, 5, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 20-26, illus., printed, single copy $1. Compass Publications Inc., 617 Lynn Bldg., 1111 N. 19th St., Arlington, Va. 22209. Reviews the programs |under way and vehicles used for exploring and occupying the ocean's depths. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, among other agen- cies, has expressed a need for a 20-knot scientific submersible, capable of operating at 1,000-foot depths and remaining submerged up to 6 days ata time. Jn- cluded are photos or drawings of 19 underwater ve- hicles currently operating or in the planning stages. Also included are specifications of the vehicles. "Navios y métodos para los trabajos submarinos"(Ves- sels and methods for submarine work), by G. Ortolan; "Submarinos de aluminio" (Submarines of aluminum), by Tomas de Galiana Mingot, articles, Puntal, vol. 11, no. 123, June 1964, pp. 3-7, 9, 11, illus., printed in Spanish, single copy 12 pesetas (about 20 U.S. cents). Puntal, Apartado de Correos 316, Alicante, Spain. SWEDEN: "Vastkustfiskarnas pensionskassa haller arsmote med 2.600 medlemmar’ (Annual meeting of The Pension Fund of West Coast Fishermen with 2,600 members), article, Svenska Vastkustfiskaren, vol, 34, no, 15, August 10,1964, pp. 300-301, printed in Swedish. Sven- ska Vastkustfiskarnas Centralforbund, Ekonomiutskot- tet Postbox 1014, Goteborg 4, Sweden. SWITZERLAND: "Unsere fischerei einst, jetzt und in zukunst" (Our fish- eries--past, present, and future--Switzerland), by December 1964 Fritz Funk, article, Schweizerische Fischerei-Zeit- ung, vol, 72, no, 8, August 1964, pp. 246-248, illus., printed in German, Schweizerische Fischerei-Zeit- ung, Anshelmstrasse 18, Bern, Switzerland, There are about 500 commercial fishermen in Switzerland today. They harvest a water surface area covering 135,000 hectares, consisting of lakes and streams. They produce about 1,500 tons of commercially val- uable fish each year. To this can be added the take of about 120,000 male and female sport fishermen, which can be estimated at 600 tons a year. --Walter Stolting TAIWAN: Foreign Trade Regulations of Taiwan, by Dawn A, Wachtel, OBR 64-89, 12 pp., printed, September 1964, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Since Taiwan has few natural resources and cannot yet produce heavy machinery and equipment, imports of most industrial raw materials and capital goods are encouraged, The report discusses Taiwan's im- port tariff system, special customs provisions, in- ternal taxes, shipping documents required, and la- beling and marking requirements, Each also covers import licensing, Taiwan's export controls, United States foreign trade controls, and Government rep- resentation between the two countries. TECHNOLOGY: Fishery Technology, vol, 1, no. 1, January 1964, 161 Pp., Si Beet Fishery Technology, P.B. No. 39, Chittoor Rd,, Ernakulam, India. The first issue of a new periodical to be published every six months by the Society of Fisheries Technologists (India). Contains, among others, these articles: "“Impactof technology on Indian fisheries," by N. K. Panikkar; "Study of primary production and its importance in an integrated fisheries research programme," by R. Raghu Prasad; "Faecal indicator organisms in frozen prawn product,’’ by A, Lekshmy and V. K. Pillai; ‘'A rapid procedure for the approximation of bacterial load in fishery products," by Cyriac Ma- then and others; ''Studies on packaging of freshfish," by C, V. N. Rao and P, A. Perigrien; "Design of a half ton dehydrator for fish,'' by M. Swaminath; ''Pre- liminary experiments to evaluate the relative effi- ciency of different natural baits in line fishing," by R, Balasubramanyan; ''The four seam trawl nets op- erated off Cochin--an analysis of the design aspects-- | the integration of the various parts of trawl," by R. S. Nair and N, A. George; '"'A note on proximate com- position of tuna fish paste from Minicoy," by A. P. Valsan and others; and "On the use of natural baits for sea fishing in India,'"' by R. Balasubramanyan, TIDES: "Precision digital tide gauge," by Frank E. Snodgrass, article, Science, vol, 146, no. 3641, October 9, 1964, pp. 198-200, 205-208, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D, C, 20005, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 155 TILAPIA: "Effectiveness of tilapia as live bait for skipjack tuna fishing," by Richard S, Shomura, article, Transac- tions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 93, no, 3, 1964, pp. 291-294, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C 20005. "Bizahl, eigewicht und gelegeentwicklung in der gattung wey (Egg number, egg weight and development of the spawn in the genus Tilapia), by Hans M. Peters, article, Internationale Revue ace Gesamten Hydro- biologie, vol. "nor 4; » Pp. 547-576, printed in German with English summary, Internationale Re- vue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, Berlin, Germany. TOXICITY: "The effect of the environment on the toxicity of poi- sons to fish,"' by R, Lloyd and D, W. M. Herbert, ar- ticle, Journal of the Institution of Public Health En- tution of Public Health Engineers, 118 Victoria St., Westminster, London SW1, England, "Ostracitoxin: an ichthyotoxic stress secretion of the boxfish, Ostracion lentiginosus,"' by Donald A. Thom- son, article, Science, vol, 46, no, 3641, October 9, 1964, pp, 244-245, printed, single copy 35 cents, A- merican Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005, "Seasonal variations of paralytic shellfish toxicity in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus Conrad, and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), along the Strait of Juan de Fuca and in Willapa Bay, : by Arporna Sribhibhadh, article, Dissertation Ab- stracts, vol, 24, no, 7, 1964, 3033, printed, Univer- Sity Microfilms, University of Michigan, 313 N, Ist St., Ann Arbor, Mich, TRAWLING;: Introduction to Trawling, by A. Hodson, 77 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Fishing News (Books), Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England, TRAWLS: "Midwater trawls of one-boat types off Egersund," by A. Von Brandt, article, Hansa, vol. 99, no. 13, 1962, pp. 1383-1387, illus., printedinGerman. C. Schroed- ter. und Co., 10 Stubbenhuk, Hamburg 11, Germany. TROUT: "Migration in Maine," by Paul J. Fournier, article, Natural History, vol, 73, no, 8, October 1964, pp, 46- 49, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents, The Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, Central Park W. at 79th St., New York, N. Y, 10024, TUNA: "Distribution of fishing effort and resulting tuna catches from eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, by quarters of the year, 1959-1962," by Franklin G. Alverson, ar- ticle, Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, vol, 8, no, 6, 1963, pp. 317-379, illus., printed. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. 156 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, "Exploring for tuna,'’ Science News Supplement (11- 1), Science News, vol. 11, no, 1, Fall 1964, 4 pp., illus., printed. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 150 Tremont St., Boston, Mass, 02111, "An increment technique for estimating growth par- ameters of tropical tunas, as applied to yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares),"’ by Enrique L, Diza, ar- ticle, Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, vol. 8, no, 7, 1963, pp. 381-416, illus., printed in Spanish and English. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif, Katsuo to Maguro (Skipjack and Tunas), 33 pp., illus., printed, ioe. Federation of Japan Tuna Fisher- men's Cooperative Associations and the Japan Tuna Fisheries Federation, 7-2, Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda- ku, Tokyo, Japan, Contains tuna fishery statistics for the year 1962 including number and total tonnage of licensed tuna vessels; tuna catch by vessels based in Japan and in overseas bases, by species and by months; historical data on the mothership-type tuna fishery; export of canned and frozen tuna; utiliza- tion of the catch; and yearly average prices paid for different species, Observations on the Commercial Potential of Tuna in the Oceanic Northwest Atlantic by James L, quire, Jr. and F, J. Mather, ili, 10 pp., printed, (Reprint- ed from Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, November, 1962, pp. 124-133.) Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, The Marine Lab- oratory, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. Report of the FAO Working Party for Rational Utili- zation of Tuna Resources in the Atlantic Ocean; First Session, Rome, 25-30 October, 1963, Fisher- ies Report No. 13, 23 pp., processed, 1963. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Review of the (Japanese) Tuna Fishery (Katsuo-Ma- guro Soran), compiled by Shoichi Masuda, 844 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, March 1964, 2,100 yen (about US$5,83) plus mailing charges. Suisansha, 8-banchi, Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Re- views the historical development of the Japanese tuna fishery and discusses in detail fishing gear and methods; fishing grounds; fishing vessels and equip- ment; processing methods; products; production, scale, and areas of operation of the home-based, mothership, overseas-based, and Atlantic tuna fleets; and fishing labor force and wage conditions, Also covers vessel loans and insurance; develop- ment of the canned tuna, frozen tuna, and tuna sau- sage industries; marketing and promotion of tuna products; market trends; marketing and sales orga- nizations and their structure; inspection system and regulations; tuna fisheries policy before and after World War II; and international tuna problems. --Lory M. Nakatsu "Some factors affecting the distribution and apparent abundance of yellowfin and skipjack tuna in the east- ern Pacific Ocean,'' by Gordon C, Broadhead and Izadore Barrett, article, Bulletin of the Inter-Amer- ican Tropical Tuna Commission, vol, 8, no. 8, 1964, pp. 417-473, illus., printed in Spanish and English. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jol- la, Calif. Statistical Research Report on the Tuna Long-Line Fisheries by Fishing ‘cue ril-september 1962, pp., illus., printed in Japanese. Research Divi- sion, Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Ja- pan. Describes the tuna fishing grounds in the Pa- cific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean, In- cludes 6 figures (April-September) on distribution of fishing effort by five-degree squares for the three oceans; 24 figures on hooking rates of bluefin, alba- core, big-eyed, and yellowfin tuna by months and o- ceans by five-degree squares; and 66 pages of tables_ on fishing effort (numbers of sets and numbers of hooks used) and fishing success (catch rate) of the four species of tunas and the swordfishes, by five- degree squares, --Lorry M. Nakatsu TUNA AND SARDINES: "Coup d'oeil sur la péche au thon et A la sardine en 1964" (A look at the tuna and sardine fisheries in 1964), by L. Plouas; ''A Douarnenez--coup d'oeil sur les perspectives des campagnes thoniere et sardin- iére'’ (Douarnenez--a look at the prospects for the tuna and sardine seasons); ''A Concarneau--on ne pense pas que les stocks puissent gener 1'écoulement du thon, mais la campagne sardiniére est mediocre" (At Concarneau--one does not believe that the stocks will cause restriction of the sale of tuna, but the sar- dine season is mediocre); ''A Lorient--assez bonde- but des campagnes sardiniere et thoniere” (At Lor- ient--good enough beginning of the sardine and tuna seasons); articles, La Peche Maritime, vol. 43, no. 1036, July 1964, pp. 499-504, printed in French, sin- gle copy 12 F (about US$2.45). Les’ Editions Mari- times, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. TUNA AND TUNALIKE: "Northwest Atlantic tunas and bonitos,'' by S.N, Tibbo and R.A, McKenzie, article, Trade News, vol. 17, no, 2, August 1964, pp. 7-10, illus., processed, In- formation and Consumer Service, Department of Fish- eries, Ottawa, Canada, A new Canadian fishery was started in 1963 when two fishermen from Campobel- lo, N. B., began to fish the offshore stocks of tuna and.bonito in the Northwest Atlantic. With two purse- seiners, they caught 366 tons of bluefin and skipjack between August 20 and the end of the season, This article discusses the development of the Atlantic tuna fishery and describes the 5 species of tuna (bluefin, yellowfin, big-eyed, albacore, and blackfin) and the 3 species of bonito (skipjack, common bonito, and false albacore) found in the Northwest Atlantic, TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. 12, no. 6, une 1964, 35 pp., illus., printed in Turkish, Et ve Balik Kurumu G, M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Contains, among others, articles on: "The sponge (Part V);"" "Electrical depth tele- meters which are used in fisheries especially for midwater trawl;" "Abundance and distribution of eggs and larvae of the anchovy in the Black Sea;"' and ''Ma- rine products sold at the Istanbul fish market in 1963." Vol. 26, No, 12 December 1964 Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. XIII, illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents. Et ve Balik Kurumu G. M., Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes among others, articles on; ''Territorial waters law, and ''The sponges (Part VI),"' July 1964, no. 7, 35 pp.; ''Pro- teins in fish muscle and the influence of canning on the nutritive value of fish," and ''Use of fish oils in the control of hypercholesteremia and obesity,"' Au- gust 1964, no. 8, 35 pp.; ‘Light and bioluminescence on living organisms (Part II),"' ''Synthetic filaments as utilized in the manufacture of fishing nets and ropes (Part I),"' ''The valuation of fish products in animal feeding and variations of product manufac- turing process (Part I),"' and "Observations of An- cona International Fishery Fair and Italy fisheries by technical point of views (Part II),'' September 1964, no. 8, 35 pp. UNDERWATER EXPLOSIVES: Effects of Underwater Explosives on Aquatic Life, a Bibliography and List of Experts, FAO Fisheries Circular No, 2, 12 pp., processed, 1964. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. UNDERWATER OBSERVATIONS: "A combined underwater camera and bottom grab: A new tool for investigation of deep-sea benthos," by Robert James Menzies, Logan Smith, and K, O, Emery, article, Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, vol. 48, no. 4, 1963, pp. 529-545, printed. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hudro- biologie, Berlin, Germany. UNITED KINGDOM: Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1963, 50 pp., printed, 1964, 5s. 6d. (about US$1.10), Depart- ment of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Ed- inburgh, Scotland. (For sale by Sales Section, Brit- ish Information Services, 845 Third Ave,, New York, N. Y. 10022.) Contains 27 statistical tables showing quantity and value of fish landed in Scotland; quan- tity and value of herring and white fish processed; number of fishing vessels and fishermen; and num- ber of vessels and fishermen and quantity and value of fish landed in creeks. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT: Report of the United States Government to the Food er Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Toe -83- 100 pp., processed, July 1964. U.S. De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D, C, 20250, A report prepared under auspices of the U. S. FAO Interagency Committee in accord with Article XIof the FAO Constitution. Relates the most significant progress and developments during the period under review in the fields of FAO's activities in regardto the three basic objectives of FAO: (1) raising levels of nutrition and living standards; (2) securing im- provement in the efficiency of production and distri- bution of food and agricultural products; and (3) bettering the condition of rural populations. Also outlined are the main problems still outstanding in those fields. The report contains sections on nu- trition and home economics, farming in the United States, advances in agricultural research and tech- nology, soil and water conservation, and marketing farm products. It also covers rural living, forestry, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 157 information activities, international trade and assist- ance, and multilateral international activities. A section on fisheries discusses the scope of the United States fishing industry, species and major fishing areas, fishing vessels and gear, processing, imports and exports, per capita consumption of fishery pro- ducts, and marketing, Information is also included on research developments in technology, exploratory fishing, and biology and oceanography; subsidies, loans, and mortgage insurance programs; the eight international fishery commissions of which the U- nited States is a member; and principal problems-- competition from other domestic protein foods, com- petition from foreign products, safe habitat for fish- ery resources, downward trend in catches of some major species, and decisions of several countries to increase their territorial fisheries jurisdiction, U.S.S.R.: Biological Fishery Research in Siberia, by B, G.Ilogan- zen, JPRS To77S , 25 pp., processed, 1962. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 2, no, 1 (22), pp. 3-17.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, 20230, Fauna and Flora of the Rivers, Lakes and Reservoirs of the U.5.9.R., by V. I. Zhadin, OTS 63-11166, 626 pp., processed, 1963, Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C, 20230, The Fishing Industry of the U.S.S.R., by H. Sakiura and others, Overseas Series No. 4, 80 pp., printed in Japanese, March 25, 1964, Japan Fisheries Re- sources Conservation Society, Futaba Bldg., 24, Sa- kurakawa-cho, Shiba-Nishkubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Notes from Soviet Fisheries Journals, by Donald E, Bevan and Ole A, Mathisen, Circular No. 296, 41 pp., illus., printed, 1964, Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Se- attle, Wash, The Postwar Expansion of Russia's Fishing Industry, by Leon M, Herman, 59 pp., printed, Tse, Commit- teé on Commerce, United States Senate, Washington, D. C, (Available from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) "Rybnoe khozyaistvo estestvennykh vodoemov Voron- ezhskoi oblasti v 1958-1960 (The fishing industry in natural bodies of water of the voronezh Oblast! in 1958-1960),"" by A, V. Fedorov and E, V. Afonyush- kina, article, Referativnii Zhurnal Biologiia, 1963, 20183, printed in Russian, emiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Nauchnoi-Informatsii, Moscow, U.S,S.R. VESSELS: "Statki rybackie dla malych portow polskiego whbr- zeza. Czesc II" (Fishing vessels for Poland's small fishing harbours. Part II), by Bohdan Pradzynski, ar- ticle, Budownictwo Okretowe, vol. 9, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 271- , Ulus., printed in Polish. Wydawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych NOT, Warsaw Czachkiego 3/5, Poland. 158 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Structural Research of Small Wooden Fishin, Ves- sels, 29 pp., printed, 1964. Danish Wood Council, Copenhagen, Denmark. WEATHER CHARTS: Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La.) to Brownsville, Texas, 1964; 2 pp., processe 1964. 10 cents. Weather Bureau, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Su- perintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Shows sta- tions displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanations of warning dis- plays, and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone stations that broadcast weather fore- casts and warnings. WHALING: "International Whaling Commission, Sixteenth Annual Meeting," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 208-209, printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, San- defjord, Norway. "The world catch, 1963," article, Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende (Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 53, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 194-207, illus., printed in Norwe- gian and English. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandef- jord, Norway. Contains world whaling catch statis - tics for 1963, together with a discussion of landings by areas and countries, presented to the 16th meet- ing of the International Whaling Commission in June COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 12 1964. Included are tables on whaling in fields out- side the Antarctic in 1963 and in Antarctic season 1962/63; whaling results for the various countries; production of byproducts; Antarctic landings, 1951- 63; and other related data. WHITING: "On the biology of the whiting Gadus merlangus L. in Manx waters,'' by A. K, Nagabhushanam, article, illus., printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. Regional and Annual Variations in the Growthof Whit- ing DUS MERLANGUS Linne), by Lennart Han- nerz, Series Biology, Report No. 14, 64 pp., print- ed, 1964. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri, Lund, Sweden. YUGOSLAVIA: Basic Data on the Economy of Yugoslavia, by Arthur J. Laemmerzahl, OBR 64-83, 16 pp., illus., printed, July 1964, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U. S. Department of Commerce; Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Discusses the country's geography, popula- tion and Government; economic structure; industrial sectors; financial institutions; foreign trade; Gov- ernment role in the economy; and economic outlook. Also contains a section covering the labor force, wages, and unemployment. Japan has 3,000 culture farms which in 1963 produced 79 metric tons of pearls for export, worth EA23 million (US$1.5 million). The United States, Switzerland, West Germany, and Hong Kong are the principal buyers. Fisheries Newsletter, June 1964.) AUSTRALIAN PEARL-CULTURE INDUSTRY DEVELOPING The Australian pearl-culture industry (started in 1956)is still develop~ ing. There are now 11 culture farms scattered across Northern Australia from Exmouth Gulf to Torres Strait, in various stages of production, and they employ 82 Japanese and 153 Australians. Pearls are being cultured in the large Australian pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) which can produce a round pearl up to18 mm. in diameter in from 2 to 3 years--about half the time it takes inJapan where the culturing tech- nique was perfected. The Japanese culture the small Akoya oyster (Pinctada martensii) which produces a pearl up toll mm. in diameter in 4 to 7years. Australian cultured pearls are sent to Japan where rounds are graded and half rounds processed, then re-exported to world markets. (Australian ’ ov) wt ht bth at iy www h etre rete i mana Mein yoni he ; i f tng htiog iden rt BY da i . : en * OH |, “e i : ¥ Pere aes all i 1 , ’ Ms iw “ by an ategaiiatie Pavia . es hi Hey ll ce eS fay See Ri ah et mean ak yp a nara ei avatars r ie d 7 hui . Pf ord Beit W nl ’ on He neath et icone WO yada il corpiey'h a aioe AR ielanay thy ie TDi 7 ce; Mone Bevin Mamet eT bahay psy Ee rely hae od ag in heh i canted, Nas Ma , ; Bins ot MARS eu Rr arent are 7 “aap heAbint Type Misengpee Ceara RS, Sida rene WL ev to TH i i at Lie ye YY What i Sy OKAY 2 wale ri aah Ki wh ' ; Wy ay. 4 borate ae ki bw ae Hara y oun. had tag cae Wis Horeuiae Py dk Gort pri oven ee iy pang oy eS We Hanns yO aa ker of Ear are ‘ sent Go Ee: BO tenet Ane ae hue” pam teonih. Whe Tig Comrarerdaceayots: ire TNE ee * fi UY SARUM De Pde eo 1 5 ih ia i nf ae!’ i in » CT CAND PS A eee yndt Poy iy Tap oa Canal: arial de y f hey ‘ey mrgafe fhe h ie vy Dake & i 1 yy Rivas ris | aris. , f i j ty ‘; ce } nig oP adiaaa ios oedhial vty Hie ‘adie fe\s a i (FA aru NS a it wt nant pears i } Why if et yt aan " idee: » pe vee cue y ‘task vito bie Pig Cheb ity bit a ren Tape, hay Bum callous ; prams far! walt, WORN Faved Anu ye Swysearihand, wie ; oe) asi ia bi om * hae Piadiss ahh ‘nenanie uel 0 fanart Savajette, : ate J Ps sf 7, . oe i ae eae * =O m >= rere oo ae gu ant 22 Ws: wl nN ey wn cc : INDEX for 1964 Volume 26- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR ileawa he icieaee er DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C, BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 An index of Volume 26, Numbers 1 through 12, issued in 1964. It is a subject index, with an author index for only the feature articles in each monthly issue. Indexing of other mater- ial is based on the principal subject with some cross-reference, The use of "' M tries denotes the omission (repetition) of the major subject heading whichappears inALL CAPS. in en- Actions in Congress affecting or of interest to commercial fisheries are indexed only once by subject under the general heading: "CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (First Session)," i.e., there is no cross-reference indexing of those entries. Publications listed in the ''Recent Fishery Publications'' section have not been indexed, Back issues of Volume 26, Numbers 1 through 12, are still available until the supply is exhausted, Copies are available free upon request from the Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 No. Fort Myer Dr., Rm. 510, Arlington, Virginia 22209. 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1 INDEX TO VOLUME 26 (NUMBERS 1-12 INCLUSIVE)--1964 The reference gives the month and the page number ABALONE Australia developing industry; Dec. p. 82. Australian exports increase; Oct. p. 51. California growth studies and observations by M/V "Nautilus" and M/V ''Mollusk"'; Nov. p. 23. Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50. ADEN Fisheries development project; Oct. p. 50. Gulf of Aden fisheries, international interest in; Mar. p. 39. Tuna fishery trends, Gulf of » 1963; Mar. p. 39. Vessel, new, for fisheries research; Feb. p. 66. AFRICA Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa specialist meeting on crustaceans held in Zanzibar; Apr. p. 40. Japanese fishing firm granted license to fish with purse seines off ; Dec. p. 98. Japanese, new, stern trawler for waters; Dec. p. 102, Tuna, frozen, Japanese exports to Europe and 3; Apr. p. 59) AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, U.S. Guinean trawling survey; Aug. p. 1. Investment opportunities abstracts available at Department of Commerce field offices; Aug. p. 33, Liberia, freezing broadens market for fish in; Jan. p. 62. Somali delegation sponsored by fishing industry; Jan. p. 68. AIRPLANE SPOTTING California pelagic fish population survey continued; Feb. p. 12, Mar. p. 12, Apr. p. 12, Junepp. 11, 12, Sept. p. 14, Oct. pp. 16, 17, Dec. p. 29. ALASKA Area Redevelopment Administration: cold-storage firm handling fishery products, industrial loan to; May p. 78. technical assistance project to aid earthquake damaged areas in 5 INOW, sp. LiL. Bait herring winter fishery begins near Ketchikan; Mar. p. 8. Barge facility, new, being built at Ketchikan; Aug. Deas Bering Sea: Japanese long-line fishery moves nearer Pribilof Islands; July p. 8. Soviet flounder fishing activities; July p. 7. Bottomfish ARA technical assistance project, in- dustry potential to be studied under; May p. 78. Bristol Bay: area office moved to town of King Salmon; Jan. p83 Japanese king crab fleet; July p. 7. salmon, red, run forecast for 1964; May p. 12. salmon, red, run in 1964 fails; Oct. p. 13. Canned fishery products pack, 1963; June p. 9. to study U.S. ALASKA Cargo rates, seasonal, denial of petition for re- hearing on Alaska Steamship; Aug. p. 14. Clam, butter, commercial digging feasible despite earthquake; Sept. p. 12. Commercial Fisheries Bureau Fisheries Loan Program takes emergency actions in ; July p. 8. Crab: Dungeness: prices at Cordova drop; Nov. p. 17. processed by firm; Sept. p. 11. processing operations at Kodiak plant following earthquake; Nov. p. 16. processing started by Kodiak cold-storage plant; Mar. p. 8. reported plentiful off Cape Fairweather; Sept. p. 12. king: conference, second, on technology and process- ing announced; Mar. p. 9. exploratory fishing plans completed; July p. 9. heavy fishing rate shown on tagged shellfish; Feb. p. 11. Japanese fishing activity during June; Sept. pa 2 Kodiak landings low; Dec. p. 24. Kodiak processing operations; Nov. p. 16. processors' plans; Aug. p. 12. Soviet fishing activity during June; Sept. p. 10. tag recoveries reduced by heavy winds; Mar. p. 9. supplies ample for processing plants at Shumagin Islands and Peninsula areas; Nov. p. 17. Disaster relief charter vessel loan regulations; Aug. p. 95. Earthquake: commercial ata industry still operational in spite of; July p. damage to Raheny industry; June p. 8. Japanese Fisheries Association contributes money to victims of; June p. 48. Office of Emergency Planning declares major disaster area; July p. 87. Ferry system, ARA authorizes study of the impact of the new; Jan. p. 74. Fisheries regulations, commercial, major changes for 1964; Feb, p. 7. Fishery explorations and gear research trawling experiments yield heavy shrimp catches; May p. 13. Fishery loan, disaster, application filing extended to Oct. 31, 1964, for; Nov. p. 17 Fishery products from » more, used in U.S, in 1963; May p. 34. Fish-meal fishery, Japanese activity off during June in; Sept. p. 11. Foreign fishing activity; Mar. p. 8, Apr. p. 9, May p. 12, June p. 9, Aug. p. 10, Oct. p. 12, Nov. p. 15, Dec. p. 22. Fur seals: prices for skins at fall 1964 auction; Dec. p. 40. prices for skins at spring 1964 auction; Junep. 15. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index ALASKA (cont. ) Gulf of : foreign fishing at seasonal activity; Feb. p. 10, Mar. p. 8. gear marking experiments by M/V "John R. Manning"! in Kodiak Island vicinity; Dec. p. 23. Japanese exploratory fishing activities; July p. 8, Sept. p. 11. Halibut: landings at Ketchikan, first seasonal; July p. 8. prices, ex-vessel, in Ketchikan rise in June; Sept. p. 12. quality evaluation of ex-vessel landings continued; Sept. p. 24. Herring: bait fishing at Ketchikan in Jan. 1964; Apr. p. 9. catch moderate in southeast ; Dec. p. 24. growth and mortality rates analyzed; Apr. p. 10. reduction during August 1964; Nov. p. 17. roe-on-kelp harvest ends in April; July p. 8. roe readied for shipment to Japan; Aug. p. 13. Income tax reduction claims, Alaskans receive time extension for; Aug. p. 97. Japan buys salmon from ; Oct. p. 67. Japanese fishing activity off in July 1964; Oct. p. 12. Japanese shrimp fishery off during June; Sept. p. 10. Juneau area, shrimp and crab processing started by new corporation in; Mar. p. 8. Karluk River, red salmon spawning verified for; Feb. p. 11. Kodiak Island area tagged king crab retains tag over six years; June p. 9. Landings, fishery, 1963; Apr. p. 9. Loan funds received by firm from SBA in- stead of ARA; Mar. p. 76. Loans, fishery: filing of applications for disaster ended Septem- ber 30, 1964; Oct. p. 13. Kodiak Interior Department emergency office opened; June p. 63, low interest rate type available to fishing industry; Aug. p. 13, Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher- men; Nov. p. 58, Rail-barge services expanding; Feb. p. 52, Mar. p. 9. Salmon; eggs processed as red caviar for Japan; Oct. p.13. harvest not jeopardized by earthquake damage; June p. 8. Japanese handling and processing aboard vessels of fish purchased from ; Nov. p. 15. Japanese purchases from ; Oct. p. 68. Karluk Lake escapement through Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 19 king fishing in 1964, Cook Inlet closed to; Feb. p. 10. landings, 1964; Dec. p. 63. pack in 1964; Dec. p. 23. pink; egg deposition success varies in Sashin Creek; Mar. p. 9. egg survival rate considered good off southeast coast; June p. 10. Kodiak has excellent season; Nov, p. 16, southeast coast, large concentration indicated off; Sept. p. 12. ALASKA Salmon; pink; transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter; Nov. p. 20. workshop meets in Juneau; Apr. p. 9. red; smolt outmigration at Naknek Lake system; Nov. p. 19. Spawning population, large, discovered in Naknek river; Feb. p. 11. serological sampling at Copper River; Nov. p. 19. southeastern » Purse-seine season opened July 1, 1964in; Sept. p. 11. waste utilization; Oct. p. 13. Scallop exploratory fishing by M/V "Paragon"; Nov. p. 19, Sealskins, proposals for processing, promoting, and selling ; June p. 63, Seismic exploration agreement completed; Julyp. 8. Shrimp: explorations off by M/V "Paragon"; Nov. p. 17. Japanese fishery north of Pribilof Islands; July p. 8. pots in vertical string fish better with black mesh; Feb, p. 11, Soviet vessels fish in Bering Sea; July p. 7. Sitka,marine plants and animals in shallow coastal waters near; May p. 12. Small Business Administration loans to firms in earthquake disaster area; Aug. p. 97. Southeastern gear count for registered fish- ing vessels; Aug. p. 13. University of , fishery extension course spe- cialist appointed fo faculty of; Feb. p. 10. U.S.S.R.: crab fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7. fishing activity off in July 1964; Oct. p. 12. fishing fleet off Yakutat; July p. 7. Gulf of , trawlers return to; May p. 12. Portlock Bank region, Soviets continue to fish in; July p. 7. trawl fishery off during June; Sept. p. 10. Vessels, six, being built for fishermen; June p. 9. Washington- rail-barge service expanded; Feb. p. 52. Water transportation rates, Federal Maritime Com- mission order stayed for lower; Sept. p. 104. Whaling operations, Japanese, off during June; Sept. p. 11. 8 OP ALASKA FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR RESEARCH Chartered exploratory vessel "Paragon"! begins activities; Aug. p. 14. Charter of vessel ''Paragon" terminated; Dec. p. 24. Crab, king; tagging in Portlock Bank area; Sept. p. 13. underwater television used for locating (M/V "Paragon" cruise 64-1); Sept. p. 12. Scallop explorations in Gulf of Alaska, 1963; Mar, p. 1. Shellfish cruise by chartered vessel ''Paragon" started; Sept. p, 13. Shrimp and scallop explorations by M/V ''Paragon"'; Oct. p. 13. Shrimp explorations off Alaska (M/V "Paragon" cruise 64-2); Nov, p. 17. 1964 Index ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Crab tagging program as of Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 20. Salmon: chum spawning in Olsen Creek intertidal zone; Nov. p. 20. juveniles, studies on migrations of; Nov. p. 20. ink: Sects run, new, transported into Sashin Creek; Dec. p. 24. nursery areas discovered by M/V "Heron"; Oct. p. 14. Olson Creek run as of Aug, 1964; Nov. p. 20, transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter; Nov. p. 20. sockeye or red fry availability low during summer; Dec. p. 24. ALASKA, GULF OF Japan plans for more trawlers to fish in i Dec. p. 100. Scallop explorations in , 1963; Mar, p. 1. U.S.S.R. fishing activities, Mar. 1964; May p. 76. ALASKA STEAMSHIP COMPANY Federal Maritime Commission order to to reduce Alaska rates stayed by U.S. Court of Appeals; Sept. p. 104, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS Bottomfish, Japanese long-line fleets plan to fish south of western in fall 1964 for; May p.60. Japanese study program for experimental long- lining along western 3; May p. 60. Japanese whaling fleet operating off June; Sept. p, 11. Salmon, North Pacific, migration study off the western 7; Oct. pr cos during ALEWIFE Lake Michigan seasonal distribution and abundance studies; June p. 15, Aug. pp. 23, 25, Nov. p. 33, Dec, p. 40. AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION Law of the Sea Conference, Third International, recommended by group; Dec. p. 39. AMERICAN FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Fisheries problems discussed at annual meeting; Mars p. 95 Nov. p. 21. Recommendations made at meeting in New England; Dec. p. 25. AMERICAN SAMOA Japanese fishing firm to charge handling fee for deliveries to ; Aug. p. 14. Japan External Trade Promotion Organization assigns agent in 3.Dec. p: 103. Tuna: fleet as of Aug. 31, 1964; Dec. p. 25. fleet based in dwindling; Nov. p. 21. Japan: base at p. 58. Government issues special permit to land Fiji Islands tuna at ; May p. 13. price negotiations with U.S. packers; July p. 57. vessels based at in difficulty; Jan. p. 56. prices, ex-vessel, in ; Aug. p. 14, , fishery official's views on; July COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 ANCHOVIES California: industrial fishery, hearings on experimental; June p. 12. industrial fishery, request denied for; July p. 9. Chile: fluctuations, sharp, in Oct. pasa. northern coast, anchoveta reappear off; Apr. p. 52. Peruvian anchoveta catch, record, forecast in 1964; Apr. p. 70. South Africa Republic: catches, remarkably good, made by fishing vessel; Aug. p. 84, fishery may develop rapidly; Nov. p. 110. resources off coast explored; Sept. p. 92. landings in 1964; ANESTHETIC Shellfish p. 37. may aid biological research; Aug. ANGOLA Cannery, fish, planned for interests; Mar. p. 40, Fisheries trends, Nov. 1963; Jan. p. 42, Fish meal production and exports; May. p. 40, Oct. p. 44. Foreign trade in fishery products, 1962; Jan. p. 42. by South African Japan plans fish-freezing operations off ; Mar. p. 61. Landings, fishery, sharply lower first half of 1963; Jan. p. 42. ANIMAL FEED Fishery byproducts in , observations and views in Texas on use Of; Aug. p. 28, International Atomic Energy Agency, radiation con- trol of harmful organisms in food and Ge commended by; Sept. p. 53. ANTARCTIC Norwegian sealing expedition to ; Sept. p. 88, Whaling: marine oil production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 sea- son; Oct. p. 49, outlook for 1963/64 season; Apr, p. 49. Soviets propose conference for revision of catch allocation; Nov. p, 72. ANTIBIOTICS Oysters treated with quality; Sept. p. 81. improved cultured pearl ANTIDUMPING ACT Public hearing held on p. 91. regulations; Feb, AQUARIUM National Fisheries Center: architects selected to draw plans for 3; May Ds 2s design program being prepared for p. 21. dolphins, trained, will be featured at Washington, Dic: SPADES 22. plans, new, for approved; Dec. p. 48. research facilities of to be extensive; July p. 21. variety of aquatic specimens to be donated to : May p. 26. ; July COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW AQUATIC WEEDS Carp, grass, from Malaysia to be used to fight water vegetation;Dec. p. 26. Manatees to control , use of; Oct. p. 107, Dec. p. 106. ARABIAN SEA Fisheries development in Mar. p. 37. Trawling results of the R/V "Anton Bruun" in the ; Nov. Supplement p. 27. proposed by FAO; AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (also see COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF) Alaska: bottomfish industry potential to be studied under technical assistance project; May p. 78. cold-storage firm handling fishery products, industrial loan to; May p. 78. ferry system, study authorized of the impact of the new; Jan. p. 74. firm to receive loan funds from SBA instead of ; Mar. p. 76. technical assistance project to aid earthquake- damaged areas; Nov. p. 117. Lake Superior commercial fishing industry to be aided by technical assistance project; May p. 78. Maryland: clam research project to be continued; Oct. p. 83. pet food firm, industrial loan approved to; July p. 81. North Carolina, fisheries potential survey in; July p. 81. Puerto Rico tuna firm, industrial loan to; Oct. p. 82. Rockland Harbor, Maine, technical assistance proj- ect to study proposed deep-water port facility at; Oct. p. 82. Willapa Bay, Washington, oyster industry study approved; Feb. p. 88. Wisconsin fish meal and oil plant, industrial loan to help establish new; Oct, p. 82. ARGENTINA Atlantic fishing grounds off freezer-trawlers; May. p. 46. Fisheries development plans; July p. 45. Fisheries trends, 1963; July p. 45. Fisheries trends in 1963 and 1964; Nov. p. 72. Fish meal: ‘exports, Jan.-Nov. 1963; July p. 45. production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 954. production estimates revised; Feb. p. 66. production, 1963; July p. 45. Fish oil production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 54. Imports and exports of fishery products and by- products, 1963; Nov. p. 73. Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar. p. 61. Landings, fisheries, 1963; July p. 40. worked by Italian ARKANSAS Rice-farm fish ponds, labor-saving gear tested in; Aug. p. 21. ASIA Estuarine areas of , Aquatic Research Insti- tute established at Stockton, Calif., to study; Feb. p. 40. 1964 Index ATLANTIC COAST Salmon, pink, from Canadian Pacific transplanted to ; Mar. p. 44. Tuna migrations off scientists; Mar. p. 45. __ studied by Canadian ATLANTIC OCEAN Bottomfish resources in Japanese; Oct. p. 70. j Equatorial , Institute of Marine Science re- search vessel returns from investigations in; Sept. p. 34. Japanese firm plans trawling and fish meal opera- tions in ; Jan, p. 59. Japan's trawl fleet; July p. 63. Netherlands! views on Northeast Atlantic and Euro- pean fishery policies; Feb. p. 76. Northeast Fisheries Commission, second meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52. Northwest 2 foreign fishing activities, Oct, 1964; Dec, p. 49. Japanese experimental trawl operations; Oct. p. 70. Polish trawling operations; Mar. p. 66. Plankton studies give clues to Indian Ocean- Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14. Rumania extends fishing operations into western and equatorial ; Mar. p. 67. Swordfish to be fished by Japanese in Northwest ; Oct. p. 70. Trawl fishery in , Japanese; Feb. p. 74, Nov. p. 94. Tropical , Gulf of Guinea investigations by research vessel Geronimo" (cruise 4); Oct. p.31. Tuna, albacore: Japanese catch improving; Oct. p. 64. Japanese fishery and market trends; Nov. p. 89, Dec. p. 98. Tuna: . Japanese fishing trends; Aug. p. 70._ Japanese government to explore p. 65. Japanese views on the conservation proposals advanced at FAO meeting on; Jan. p. 56. mothership in , Japanese company applies to operate; Jan. p. 55. resources, working party meets in Rome on; Jan. p. 38. Tuna, swordfish, and marlin larval specimens collected in the tropical ; Nov. p. 48. U.S.S.R: electronic fishing gear, conducts experiments in with; July p. 76. to be surveyed by for; Oct. fishing fleets in ; May p. 75. Whaling: Japanese establish operations in south ; Mar. p. 62. ATLANTIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Scientific Exploration of the Atlantic Shelf (SEAS), Committee for the; Jan. p. 24. ATLANTIC FISHERIES TECHNOLOGICAL CONFER- ENCE Meeting on Oct. 11-14, 1964; Oct. p. 14. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Radiation preservation: fishery products irradiator at Gloucester (Mass. ); Oct. p. 35, Dec. p. 57. 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (cont.) AUTHORS AND TITLES Radiation preservation (cont.): portable irradiator by planned for use aboard M/V "Delaware™; Nov. p. 54. AUSTRALIA Abalone industry being developed; Dec. p. 82. Consumption, per capita, of fishery products is up; Sept. p. 58. Exports, fishery, increase; Oct, p, 51, Gear, fishing, Japanese take measures to stop damage to ; Jan. p. 43. Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar, p. 61, Landings, fishery, fiscal year 1962/63; Mar. p, 41, Sept. p. 57. Landings of fish, direct, by foreign vessels re- stricted by ; July p. 46, Licensing and import regulations affecting fisher- ies; July p. 45, Lobsters, spiny: air shipment of anesthetized live ones considered by exporters; May p. 46. tagging project; July p. 46. Oysters, standards proposed for; Nov. p. 79. Pearl-culture industry developing; Dec. p. 158. Pet food to the U. S., begins exporting; Nov, Dentos Ports, fishing, New South Wales plans chain of safe; Oct. p. 51, Salmon, canned, sold to Scallop: bed, new, shows promise; Oct, p. 50. catch on new grounds off Victoria; Oct. p. 50. exports, increase planned in; Nov, p. 76. fishery expands; Nov. p. 77. Tasmania, season extended in; Sept. p. 58. Shrimp: common names; June p, 36, farming joint ventures with Japanese considered; Nov. p. 76. ; fishery good in 1964; Nov. p. 76, imports, duty on; Sept. p. 57. Trout: farm planned in Tasmania; July p. 46. rainbow eggs from help expand production at Idaho fish farm; Oct, p. 38. Tuna: catch could top fish catch; Sept. p. 56, facilities expanded to handle increased catch; Novy. p. 75. fishery has good season; Sept. p. 56, fishery trends, 1963-64; June p. 36. long-lining, modified, in inshore waters; Aug. p. 54. long-lining survey; Apr. p. 50. by Japan; June p. 44, AUTHORS AND TITLES ALVERSON, DAYTON L. (and Edward A. Schaefers): Second World Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1. AMBROSE, MARY E, (and Preston Smith, Jr. and George M. Knobl, Jr.): Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1. BAKKALA, RICHARD: Abernathy Spawning Channel Proves Effective for Reproduction of Chum Salmon; Dec, p. 20. BOUCHARD, LOYAL G,: Overall View of Soviet Fisheries in 1963, with Emphasis on Activities off United States Coasts; Nov. Supplement, p, 15, BROOKER, J. R.: Weights and Measures Activities in the USDI Fishery Products Standards and Inspection Pro- grams; Oct, p. 8. BUTLER, CHARLES: Progress Report on the Development of Interna- tional Food Standards, A; Sept. p. 1. CARR, IRA A,: Lake Erie Fisheries Explorations, May-November 1960; Apr. p. 1. CASTAGNA, MICHAEL: Design and Operation of a Tray Rack for the Study of Oysters; Dec. p. 21. DEADY, EMMETT F. (and Charles F, Lee and George M, Knobl, Jr.): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part III - Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position; Jan, p. 1. DOW, ROBERT L,: Changes in Abundance of the Marine Worm, Gly- cera dibranchiata, Associated with Seawater Temperature Fluctuations; Aug. p. 7. Supply, Sustained Yield, and Management of the Maine Lobster Resource; Nov, Supplement, p, 19. FLITTNER, GLENN A.: Review of the Movement of Albacore Tuna Off the Pacific Coast in 1963; Dec. p. 13. ISAACSON, PETER A,: Age Composition of the Commercial California Bluefin Tuna Catch in 1963; Nov, p. 12. KNOBL, GEORGE M., JR. (and Charles F. Lee and Emmett F., Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II - Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position; Jan, p. 1. (and Preston Smith, Jr. and Mary E, Ambrose): Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1. KRAVANJA, MILAN A,: Soviet Far East Fisheries Expansion; Nov. Sup- plement, p. 1. LARKINS, HERBERT A.,: Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets--Part II; Oct. p. 1. LASSITER, ROY L., JR.: Utilization of U. S. Otter-Trawl Shrimp Vessels in the Gulf of Mexico, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1. LEE, CHARLES F, (and F. Bruce Sanford): Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South-- An Industry in Transition; Dec, p, 1. (and George M, Knobl, Jr. and Emmett F. Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II - Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position; Jan, p. 1, (and Max Patashnik, Harry L. Seagran, and ~¥F. Bruce Sanford): Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1. PATASHNIK, and Charles F. Lee, Harry L. Seagran, and F, Bruce Sanford); Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1. PRUTER, A, Ta: Trawling Results of the R/V "Anton Bruun" in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea; Nov. Supplement. p. 27. RATHJEN, WARREN F, (and Joaquim B, Rivers): Gulf of Alaska Scallop Explorations--1963; Mar. p. 1. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW AUTHORS AND TITLES (cont.) RIVERS, JOAQUIM B. (and Warren F, Rathjen): Gulf of Alaska Scallop Explorations--1963; Mar. p. 1, RONHOLT, LAEL L.: Shrimp Explorations Off Vancouver Island (British Columbia) by M/V "John N. Cobb," October-November 1962; June p. 1. SANFORD, F. BRUCE (and Charles F. Lee): Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay and the South-- An Industry in Transition; Dec. p. 1. (and Max Patashnik, Charles F. Lee, and Harry L. Seagran): Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1. SCHAEFERS, EDW. . (and Dayton L, Alverson): Second World Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1. SEAGRAN, HARRY L., (and Max Patashnik, Charles F, Lee, and F., Bruce Sanford): Preliminary Report on Experimental Smoking of Chub (Leucichthys sp.); Nov. p. 1. SMITH, PRESTON, JR. (and Mary E. Ambrose and George M. Knobl, Jr.): Improved Rapid Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal; July p. 1. WILLIAMS, FRANK: Guinean Trawling Survey, The; Aug. p. 1. BAIT Alaska, salmon heads and tails used for halibut SOctypeto. Herring: Alaska: fishing for p. 9. winter fishery begins near Ketchikan; Mar. p. 8. at Ketchikan in Jan. 1964; Apr. BARBADOS Shrimp fishery promising, outlook for; July p. 47. BARNACLE Rapid spread of investigated; July p. IV. BATHYKYMOGRA PH Fishing net speed and depth measured by 3 Feb. p. 32. BAY OF BENGAL Fisheries development in proposed by FAO; Mar. p. 37. Trawling results of the R/V “Anton Bruun" in the ; Nov. Supplement p. 27. BEAUDETTE FOUNDATION FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Vessel, oceanographic, for 5; Apis ps Zils BELGIUM Tariff quotas on some fishery products granted Belgium-Luxembourg Union by European Econom- ic Community; Apr. p. 40. Polish fisheries freezing and transshipment base in Ostend; June pp, 55, 56, Trout farm in Ireland operated by firm based in Antwerp, 5 Ape. ps D9: BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG Import quota and duty for fresh and frozen cooked crab and shrimp, Jan, 1, 1964-Mar. 31, 1965; May p. 47. 1964 Index BERING SEA Bottomfish: Japan: catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100, Eastern fishing fleets for 1964 season; May p. 59. mothership operations; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76, Nov. p. 94. motherships, six, departed in April for Eastern fishing grounds; May p. 58. vessel operations in eastern for 1964; Apr. p. 61, Crab, king, Japan issues licenses for two mother- ships to operate in 1964 in eastern area; May p. 59. Eastern 8 halibut fishery: discussed at special meeting of International Pacific Halibut Commission; July p. 42. Japanese long-line fishing abandoned; Sept. p, 11. Japan establishes mothership bottomfish areas for 1964 in; Mar. p. 58. Soviet winter trawling fleets move into area in mid-December; Mar. p. 8. Fish meal: Japanese firm plans operation in eastern 5 Mar. p. 60. ; Japanese operations; June p. 48. Foreign fishing activities; Feb. p. 10, Apr. p. 9, Aug. pp. 10, 11. Halibut, Japan licenses vessels for Triangle Area of ; May p. 58. Japan: long-line fishery in Islands; July p. 8. shrimp factoryship also fishes for herring and Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9. stern trawling operations; May p. 60, Dec. p. 101, vessel departures for; July p. 63. Shrimp fishery in Eastern , Japanese mother- ship; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76. Trawler, stern, Japanese, completed for operations; July p. 65. U.S.S.R.: fishing activities; May p. 76, June p. 9. approved moves nearer Pribilof fishing fleets in ; May p. 75, flounder activities in ; July p. 7. BILLFISH Research cruise by University of Miami vessel "John Elliott Pillsbury" to study ; Sept. p. 28. BLOODWORMS Maine production of ; Aug. p. 7. BOTTOMFISH . Alaska industry potential to be studied under ARA technical assistance project; May p. 78. Atlantic Ocean: Continental Shelf, new instrument effective aid in studies of; Sept. p. 35. explorations off South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida continued; Aug. p. 38. Bering Sea, eastern: fishing areas set by Japan for 1964; Mar. p. 58. Japanese catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100, California: growth studies of Dover sole and in Monterey Bay; Feb. p. 12. southern coastal waters, study in; Mar, p. 13. conducted 1964 Index BOTTOMFISH (cont.) Ecuador, industry development; Sept. p. 66. Gulf of Guinea fishing poor, Japanese report; June p. 45, Gulf of Mexico: commercial catch sampling of March 1964; July p. 18. distribution and abundance of Gulf; Mar, p. 20, July p. 18.7 life histories of central Gulf ; Mar. p. 20, July p. 18. Japan: Atlantic resources to be surveyed; Oct. p. 70. Bering Sea, Eastern: fishing fleets for 1964 announced; May p. 59. fishing grounds, six motherships departed in April for; May p. 58. mothership operations; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76, Nov, p. 94. vessel operations for 1964 approved; Apr, p. 61. freezership departs for Las Palmas to process ; July p. 64, long-line fishery planned off New Zealand; Mar. p. 63. New Zealand: fishing off; May p. 60. licensing of operations off; Nov. p. 95. longer trip doubles catch for trawlers in waters off; Nov. p. 95. North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in; Oct. p. 68. Western Aleutian Islands in fall 1964, long-line fleets plan to fish south of; May p. 60. New England landings in 1963 and forecast for 1964; Feb. p. 36. North Pacific survey off southern Washington by M/V "John N, Cobb;" July p. 23. , January- in western BOTULISM Chub, smoked, status report on processing studies by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries as result of outbreak; Feb. p, 44. Interagency Botulism Research Coordinating Committee coordinates research on ; Sept. p. 13. Smoking, experimental, of chub to determine proper processing method to prevent ; Nov. p. 1. BOXING-FISH-AT-SEA British trawler, tests on Mar. p. 73. carried out by; BRAZIL Lobster, spiny, landings and export trends; Feb, p. 67. Whaling: Japanese-Brazilian joint enterprise to continue operations; June p. 37, Japan: firms study consolidation of operations in # Apr. p. 62, operation in ; May p. 62, operations off ; Oct. p. 52. BREADED SEAFOOD Fair Labor Standards Act, U. S, Court of Appeals ruling upholds processor's overtime ex- emption under; Nov. p. 119. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 BRISTOL BAY Alaska's area office moved to town of King Salmon; Jan, p. 8. Crab, king: Japan: factoryships begin early fishing season in FI June p. 9. fishing improves; Aug. p. 72. fleet in outer ; July p. 7. operations in ; Nov. p. 94, Salmon, red, forecast of 1964 run in ; May p. 12. BRITISH GUIANA Shrimp industry trends for 1963 and outlook for 1964; Aug. p. 55, BRITISH WEST INDIES Barbados shrimp fishery promising, outlook for; July p. 47. BULGARIA Fishery products, new Ethiopian- in Ethiopia will handle; July p. 53. Fishing fleet, plans for; Apr. p. 51, High-seas fisheries development aided by Soviets; Apr. p. 51. company BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES (see COM- MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF) BUREAU OF CUSTOMS (see CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF) BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE (see SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF) CALIFORNIA Abalone observations and growth studies (M/V "Nautilus" and M/V 'Mollusk" cruises 64-N-5A and 64-M-1A); Nov. p. 23. Anchovies: industrial fishery: hearings on experimental; June p, 12. request denied for; July p. 9. Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton to study estuarine areas of Asia and ; Feb. p. 40. Bottomfish: Monterey Bay growth studies (M/V "Nautilus" cruise 63-N-5a-b ); Feb. p. 12. southern coastal waters study (M/V ''Alaska" cruise 63-A-9); Mar, p. 13. Bottom-trawling explorations off southern (M/V "N. B. Scofield" cruise 64-S-1); June p. 10. Crab, Dungeness: abundance and condition surveyed prior to open season (M/V "N, B. Scofield" cruise 63-S-7- ); Jan. p. 8. survey in northern coastal waters (M/V "N. B. Scofield" cruise 63-S-8); Mar. p. 13. Earthquake, Del Norte County in declared major disaster area by Office of Emergency Plan- ning because of; July p. 87. Fishermen's income, 1962; Feb, p. 11. Hake, adult, distribution and abundance off southern and northern Mexico studied by M/V "John WN. Cobb;" June p. 21. Hatchery fish losses attributed to food problem; Dec. p. 30, Larval fish biology conference, first, held in 5 Jan, p. 10. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CALIFORNIA (cont.) Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher- men; Nov. p, 58, Pelagic fish population survey continued: (airplane spotting flights); Feb. p. 12, Mar, p, 12, Apr. p. 12, June pp, 11, 12, Sept. p. 14, Oct. pp. 16, 17, Dee, p. 29. (M/V "Alaska" cruises); Mar, p, 10, Oct. p. 15, Novy. p,. 24, Dec, p, 28, Petrale sole migration studies and tagging (M/V "N, B. Scofield" cruise 64-S-4-bottomfish); Dec, p. 26, Sacramento River, antipollution dam will improve fish runs in; Apr, p. 29. Salmon: cannery plant in Sacramento designated national historic landmark, site of first Pacific Coast; June p, 25, king, growth and life history investigated (M/V "Nautilus" cruise 63-N-2¢ through 2j); Apr. p. 12. San Francisco Bay investigations continued (M/V "Nautilus" cruise 63-N8i-k); Apr, p. 11, Nov. p. 21. Sea Otter: population determined by Department of Fish and Game census; Aug, p. 15, population survey (airplane spotting flights); Apr. p. 12, May p, 13. Shellfish, North Pacific, industry affected by recent disasters; Oct. p. 37. Shrimp: distribution survey continued (M/V'"'N, B, Scofield" cruises); Mar, p, 14, Oct, p, 18, quota, commercial, off Crescent City-Eureka area increased; Sept, p. 14. resources off coast surveyed (M/V "Alaska" cruise 64-A-T-Prawn); Apr. p, 10, resources survey in northern waters (M/V "Joseph Alioto" cruise 64-C-1-Shrimp); Oct. p. 20, Sole, English, growth studies in Monterey Bay (M/V ''Nautilus'' cruises 64-N-la-b-c); Oct, p. 14, Tuna: albacore migration studies and tagging (M/V "N, B, Scofield" cruise 64-S-3-Albacore); Nov, p. 23, bluefin;: age composition of the commercial catch in 1968; Nov, p. 12. age-growth studies of fish landed in ; Jan. p. 31, Dec, p, 61, landings to Oct, 17, 1964; Dec, p, 63, Whale marking project off southern ; June p, 33, CAMBODIA Fisheries, commercial, production, 1960-1968; July p. 47. CAMEROON Tuna vessels, Chinese, to train July p. 48, fishermen; CAN(S) Metal food container as the regulatory official sees it; June pp, 88-89, Sardine industry, Maine, new easy-open aluminum developed for; Aug, p. 15, Shipments for fishery products; Jan. p. 9, July pp. 9-10, Aug. p. 15, Sept. p. 14, Oct. p, 21, Nov. p. 25. 1964 Index CANADA Biological research highlights; Dec. p. 85, "Bluenose''--Canada's most famous sailing vessel; Oct, outside back cover, British Columbia; Federal-Provincial fisheries committee establish- ed; Nov. p. 79. salmon, canned, industry asks for tariff reduction at 1964 GATT negotiations; July p, 48. Cod population in Northwest Atlantic studied; Mar, p. 43. Denmark appoints new Fisheries Attache for U, 5, and ; Noy, p. 838. Electronic fishery research aids, new, developed; Mar, p. 49. Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee meeting in Ottawa; Nov, p. 79, Federal-Provincial conference on fisheries devel- opment; Mar, p. 42. Fillets, fish, improvement in texture studied; Mar, p. 48, Fisheries Council of research highlights and results discussed at T9th annual meeting; Dec, p. 85, Fisheries development program proposed; Jan, p. 44. Fishery resources of Far North surveyed; Mar. p. 47, Fishing limits: extension does not apply to U. 8. fishing vessels; Oct. p. 52, Fisheries Minister comments on 12-mile; May p. 47. Japanese-Canadian talks planned on; July p. 67. Fish meal experimentally stored in 2,000-pound containers; Mar, p. 50, Fish-potato mixture, process for dehydrating de- veloped; Jan, p. 46, Fish processing equipment, trade mission explores Latin American market for; May p, 47. Fish protein concentrate, ways studied of producing; Mar, p. 50, Fresh-water fisheries, new committee formed for development of; July p. 49. Great Lakes commercial fishery landings, 1963; Oct. p, 26. Groundfish resources in North Pacific studied by scientists; Mar. p, 46. Halibut catch in Bering Sea Area 3B North Triangle, March 28, 1964; May p. 43. Herring: British Columbia landings and products, 1963/64; June p, 37. seiners, Bay of Fundy sections reopened to; Dec, p. 88, Industry communication of research results, pro- posals for; Dec, p, 88. International Seaweed Symposium's fifth meeting to be held August 25-28, 1965, in Halifax; May p. 44. Japanese-Canadian, joint, fishery base proposed; May p. 47, Aug. p. 72. Japanese fisheries mission scheduled to visit U.S. and ; June p, 48, Landings, Commercial, 1962; Mar, p. 41, Lobster industry in North Atlantic; Mar, p. 43, Malaysian cold-storage facilities, contributions by through Colombo Plan to help establish; Feb. p. 76, Ministerial conference with Japan convenes in Tokyo Sept. 4, 1964; Oct. p. 72. 1964 Index CANADA (cont,) New Brunswick; Fisheries Department established; June p, 37, fisheries trends, 1963; June p, 37. school of fisheries; June p, 37, shore facilities; June p, 37. Newfoundland: fishermen, new shore facilities to benefit; Jan, p. 45, swordfish long-lining experiments successful; Jan, p. 45. North American Fisheries Conference of Commer - cial Fishing Industries, participation by scheduled for; Dec, p, 70, Nova Scotia: fishing banks, new chart of; Nov, p. 79, fish processing plant, new, opens; Sept, p, 58, swordfish landings in 1963 boosted by long-lining; Jan, p. 44, Oceanographic research vessel, new, commissioned for ; Aug, p. 58, Oceanography research highlights; Dec, p. 85, Oils, marine: exports, 1961-1963; Aug. p. 57. foreign trade, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84, imports, 1961-1963; Aug, p. 57. industry trends, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84, production, Jan,-July 1964; Dec, p, 84. production, utilization, and foreign trade, 1961- 1963; Aug. p. 56. use in margarine and shortening, 1961-1963; Aug, p. 56, Oyster, shucked, production in British Columbia, 1963; Apr. p. 52, Pacific coast harbor seals, bounty payments dis- continued by on; Sept. p. 59, Processing plants, new fish, for Maritime Prov- inces; Jan, p, 45, Quebec's salmon and trout restocking program; Dec, p, 88, Refrigeration aboard vessels, developments in; Mar, p. 48, Research station, new, on Lake Huron; Aug, p. 58, Salmon: Atlantic fishery; Dec, p, 82, canned; pack in British Columbia lower in 1963; Jan, p. 43. pink market trends in , Japanese view on; July p, 62, East Coast escapement improved in 1963; Mar, p. 45, Gulf of Alaska studies; Mar, p. 46, hatchery techniques, new; Apr, p, 39. Pacific: pink species transplanted to Atlantic coast; Mar, p. 44, study of intermingling of United States and Ca- nadian; Mar, p, 37, research in North Pacific and Bering Sea; Mar, p. 22, Strait of Georgia, tagging program in; Feb, p, 67, tagging on Atlantic Coast; Aug. p. 55, tagging program, cooperative United States- ; Dec. p. 59. tagging program in British Columbia for chinook and silver; Aug, p. 55, Scholarship awards, ten, in fisheries fields; Aug. p. 58, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 CANADA Scientific research, Fisheries Minister emphasizes need for; Mar, p, 43, Seals: harp and hood, protocol amendment of International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries ratified by ; May p, 43, harp stocks decline; Mar, p. 45, Smoked fish regulations, new; Apr, p, 51, Smoking small fish, scientists develop new process for; Mar, p, 49, Spanish trawler convicted for violation of territorial waters; Sept. p. 59. Technological research highlights; Dec, p, 87, Tuna; canned in oil, Japanese export prices to 1964; Oct, p. 64, canning, scientists devise new method to speed; Mar, p. 49, migrations off Atlantic Coast studied; Mar, p, 45, New Brunswick fishermen to enter east coast fish~ ery for; Jan, p, 44, New Brunswick industry; June p, 37. Nova Scotia, new cannery planned for; Aug, p. 55, Unloading fishing vessels, 'airlift'’ pump being de- veloped for; Mar, p, 48. , U, S. imports of fishery products from , 1962; Feb, p. 56, U. S, exports of fishery products to , 1962, trends in; Feb, p. 55. Vancouver Island (British Columbia) explorations by M/V "John N. Cobb,'' October-November 1962; June p, 1. Vessel, factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by Newfoundland firm from Dutch shipyard; July p. 49. Vessel, fishing, assistance regulations, changes announced in; Aug. p. 51. Vessel, new, for fisheries research planned; Sept. p. 58, CANARY ISLANDS Fisheries development plan, 1964-1967; Mar, p, 68, Polish fishing base planned in ; Apr. p. 71, CANNED FISH Defense Department purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar, p, 16, Apr, p. 15, May p, 17, June p. 15, July p, 12, Aug. p. 20, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec, p, 38. Fair Labor Standards Act, overtime exemption for may be applicable to products containing more than 20 percent nonaquatic matter; Nov, p. 119, Japan's export target, fiscal year 1964; June p, 44, Morocco's exports, June-Sept, 1962-63; Feb, p, 76, Norway's exports; Feb, p, 78, July p, 70, Oct, p. 74, Portugal: exports; Feb, p. 80, June, p, 57, pack; Feb, p. 81, June p. 57, Dec, p, 111, Salmon, British Columbia, pack lower in 1963; Jan, p. 43, Sardine, Maine, stocks; Jan, p. 20, Mar. p, 22, July p. 19, Sept. p. 27, Oct, p. 29. United Kingdom marketing trends; Feb, p, 85, Veterans Administration estimated requirements from 1964 packs; Apr. p. 16, CANNING Canned foods, questions frequently asked about; May p. 102, 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CANNING (cont.) Crab, king, effects of certain pyrophosphates on moisture retention in; Aug. p. 19. Tuna , Canadians devise new method to speed; Mar. p. 49. CA PELIN Norwegian fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p, 109. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS Tuna: Japanese: base to be constructed on ; May p. 48. firm signs agreement for joint venture in B July p. 58. report good landings at African Coast; Oct. p. 66. base off West CARGO RATES Alaska Steamship seasonal for rehearing on; Aug. p. 14, , denial of petition CARIBBEAN SEA FAO fisheries development project; Mayp. 41. Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar, p. 61. Sea bottom of area under study; Jan, p. 28. Trawling survey off Colombia by M/V "Oregon"; Sept. p. 22. CAROLINE ISLANDS Commercial fisheries project at Palau; Aug. p. 16, Dec, p, 31. 5 Tuna fishing base, U.S., planned in Palau Islands; Apr. p. 32, Oct. p. 21. CARP Grass from Malaysia to fight water vegeta- tion in ponds; Dec. p. 26. Hatching, artificial, of Introduction of June p. 87. CATFISH North American p. 46. "CAVIAR" Danish fishery firm plans processing plant in northern Germany; May p. 49. CENSUS, BUREAU OF THE Distributors! stocks of canned foods, survey of; Jan. p. 74. Economic census of commercial fishing industry planned; Apr. p. 77. Export classification, time extended for comments on changes in; Sept. p. 100. CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Earth's gravitation measured (M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 73); Dec. p. 35. International Indian Ocean Expedition, research vessel ''Anton Bruun" participation in; Sept. p. 16, Oceanography: eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands studied (M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 72); Aug. p. 18. research vessel, new, completes successful maid- en trip (M/V ''Townsend Cromwell" cruise 1); May p. 13. in Taiwan; Mar. p. 70. , a difference in philosophy on; are solicitous parents; Aug. 1964 Index CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Oceanography: trade wind zone studies continued; July p. 10, Aug. p. 17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27, Dec. p. 34. water sampling studies in central Pacific ocean; Aug. p. 35. Pelagic fish population studies continued (M/V "Charles H. Gilbert'' cruise 71--Part I and Part II); June p. 12. Plankton studies give clues to Indian Ocean-Atlantic Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14. Raft drifts and related marine biological observa- tions (M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 71--Part II); June p. 12. Tuna: behavior studies continued; Aug. p. 16, Dec. p. 36. biological studies continued (M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 74); Dec. p. 35. juveniles, midwater trawling for; Dec, p. 32. skipjack blood-typing studies expanded; Nov, p. 26. studies continued (M/V "Charles H, Gilbert" cruises 69 and 70--Ahipalaha II); Feb. p. 13, June p. 14, Swimming behavior studied; Mar. p. 15, Nov. p. 25, CEYLON Dried fish purchased from Angola for first time; Jan, p. 42, Government fisheries corporation, proposed, may lead to fisheries expansion; Nov. p. 80. Trawler, fishing, Yugoslav-built, received; Dec. p. 89. Tuna fishery, loan requested from Japan to start; June p. 38. Vessels, negotiations for purchase abroad of tuna and trawling; Nov. p. 80. CHANNELS Sea carved out of bottom of ocean by gigantic "rivers of mud''; Aug. p. 116. CHAR Canada's fishery resources of far north surveyed; Mar. p. 47. CHARTS Canadian, new, Nov. p. 79. of Nova Scotia fishing banks; CHESAPEAKE BAY Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p. 17. Crab, blue, industry of --an industry in tran- sition; Dec. p. 1. Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May p. 34. Maryland, ''fish-kill" controls established in; Aug. p. 33. Menhaden fleet, New Jersey, moves into more pro- ductive area; Nov. p. 36, Oysters, developments reported by scientists on MSX disease of; Sept. p. 36. Research conference points up problem areas; Apr. p. 13. ’ Watermen of Chesapeake (motion picture); Jan. : outside back cover. CHESAPEAKE STATES Landings, fisheries, 1962; Feb. p. 15. CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE Shrimp, frozen, futures trading on » new con- tracts opened for; Apr. p. 30. 1964 Index CHILE Anchoveta reappear off northern ; Apr. p. 52. Crab, king, venture, developments on; Sept. p. 60. Fisheries Development Institute, sonar expert as- signed to; June p, 38, Fisheries trends, November 1963; Jan, p. 47. Fish meal; factory, new one at Iquique dedicated as joint venture with South Africa; May p. 48. factory, new, planned; Dec, p. 89. industry trends; July p. 49, Oct. p. 53. production and exports, January-May 1963-64; Oct. p. 44, Purse seiners for , Norwegian shipyard building four; June p. 54, Purse-seine vessels, two British-built, acquired by company in ; June p, 61, Tuna: fleet to be expanded; Sept. p. 60. industry expanding; Aug, p. 58. Japan, joint enterprise with; May p. 48. Whale meat sales agreement, Japanese Fisheries Agency approves Chilean-Japanese; Nov. p. 97. Whaling: catcher vessels off , Japanese firm issued licenses to operate two; Mar, p. 62. regulations, new, on foreign permits as Japanese whalers begin operations for Chilean firm; June. p. 38. CHINA, COMMUNIST Aquatic products society founded; June p, 39. Fisheries trends; Apr, p. 52. Japan- fisheries agreement; Jan. p. 61. Trawlers, large, purchase planned by of; Sept. p. 60. CHUB Lake Michigan: depth distribution studies of species continued; Jan. p. [T. seasonal distribution and abundance of and associated studied; June p. 15, Aug. p. 23, Nov. p. 33, Dec, p. 40. Smoked processing studies in Great Lakes region, status report on; Feb, p. 44, Sept. p. 39. Smoking, experimental, preliminary report on; Nov. p. 1. CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS, U.S. Fishermen considered employees for tax purposes by ; Jan, p. 79. Fishermen considered independent contractors for tax purposes by ; July p. 88, CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION Oceanographers, Federal, educational require- ments for; Nov. p, 116. CLAM(S) Alaska: canned pack, 1963; June p. 9, commercial digging for earthquake; Sept. p. 12. landings of for 1963; Apr. p. 9. Anesthetic for shellfish tested on ; Aug. p. 37. Maryland, ARA research project to be continued; Oct. p. 83. Method, new, for holding inlaboratory tanks; Aug. p. 19. feasible despite COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Lt CLAM(S) Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50, Quahog research by University of Rhode Island; Sept. p. 17. Soft sanitation quality study in Middle Atlantic area; Oct, p. 23. Surf survey off Maryland and Virginia; Nov. p. 41. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, U.S. (see COM- MERCE, DEPARTMENT OF) COAST GUARD, U. S. (see TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE) COD Atlantic Ocean crossed by Canada studies lantic; Mar. p. ° Dried , Dominican Republic prices reduced on; Mar. p. 53. Norway: fishery trends, March-April 1964; June p, 52. Lofoten fishery disappointing in 1964; Aug. p. 81. Populations of in Far North investigated by Canada; Mar. p. 47. SAproiperce population in Northwest At- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Food Hygiene Worldwide Expert Committee meets in Washington; Dec, p. 76. International food standards, a progress report on the development of; Sept. p. 1. Sanitary regulations in international traffic in animals and animal products, need for; Dec. p, 74. Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec, p, 75. COD OIL Mexico's import tariff reduced; Nov. p. 98. COLOMBIA Fisheries trends and potential; Nov. p. 81. Shrimp vessel equipment sold to firm by U. S. company; May p. 15. Territorial waters at 200 miles bill passed by House; Jan, p. 47. Trawling survey off the Caribbean coast by M/V "Oregon"; Sept. p. 22. Vessels, fishing industry loses; June p, 39. COLUMBIA RIVER Marine fauna, deep-water, survey off mouth of by M/V "John N. Cobb;" Jan. p. 23, Apr. Delco: Salmon; migration patterns revealed by marking program; Oct. p. 35, returns encouraging; Dec. p. 36, summer fishery postponed; Aug, p. 37. COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF Area Redevelopment Administration: fisheries potential survey in Carteret County, N. C.; July p. 81. Washington, Willapa Bay oyster industry, study approved of; Feb, p. 88, Coast and Geodetic Survey: Indian Ocean explorations by the research vessel "Pioneer"; Mar, p. 23, Sept. p. 33. Oceanography, exchange visits by United States and Soviet oceanographers sponsored by R Nov. p. 50, 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF (cont.) Coast and Geodetic Survey (cont.): research vessel ''Oceanographer" launched; June p. 23. Irradiation preservation of food studied for com- mercial implications; June p. 24, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF Alaska: disaster relief--charter vessel loan regulations; Aug. p. 95. fishery loan office, emergency, opened; June p. 63. new vessels financed with replacement loans under the Mortgage Insurance Program; June p. 9. seismic exploration agreement with com - pleted; July p. 8. Atomic Energy Commission fishery products irra- diator at Gloucester (Mass.) dedicated; Dec. p. 57. Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act; Sept. p. 100, Dec. p. 118. Composition and nutritive value of fishery products, research program on; Mar, p. 23. Fish block, frozen, standards for grades; Aug. p. 90, Nov. p. 117. Fisheries loan program takes emergency actions in Alaska; July p. 8. Fishery attaches, newly appointed, arrive at posts; Mar. p. 77. Fishery loans, Alaska disaster, application filing extended to Oct. 31, 1964; Nov. p. 17. Fishing Fleet Lnprovement Act, proposed regula- tions announced for notice of hearing requirements of construction subsidy assistance under; Dec. p. 123. Great Lakes: aid under new fisheries law given; Oct. p, 25. fishery failure due to resource disaster, deter- mination by Secretary of Interior of; Dec. p. 117. smoked fish processing studies, status report on; Feb, p. 44. Gulf of Guinea, research vessel ''Geronimo" makes new discoveries in; July p. 24. Inspection service fees for fishery products; Mar. p. 76. Ireland's fishing industry surveyed by scientists of ; Sept. p. 69. Irish-U. 8. cooperative fishery research project, four specialists from the arrive in Ireland to begin; Aug. p. 67. Irradiator, fishery products, in Massachusetts nears completion; Oct. p. 35, Irradiator installed aboard M/V "Delaware" for irradiation of fish at sea; Aug. p. 33. Laboratory, biological, at Oxford, Md., dedicated; Dec, p. 38. Regional and area boundaries and offices; May outside back cover, Research vessels: "Geronimo" participates in EQUALANT III in Gulf of Guinea; Apr. p. 47. "Townsend Cromwell'' completes successful maid- en voyage; May p. 13. Resource disaster funds, fishery, under Commer- cial Fisheries Research and Development Act; Oct. p. 85. "Townsend Cromwell'' commissioned as new re- search vessel; Mar. p, 32. Tuna, bluefin, age-growth studies by M/V ''West Point" of San Diego biological laboratory; Dec. p. 61. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF Vessel, "Delaware II" to be built as new exploratory fishing research; Aug. p. 44, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVEL- OPMENT ACT Great Lakes area fishery failure due to resource disaster, Secretary of Interior determines; Dec. p. 117. Regulations under ; Sept. p. 100, Dec. p, 118. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Back issues available; Nov. p. 11. COMMISSION FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN AFRICA Specialist meeting on crustaceans held in Zanzibar; Apr. p. 40. Trawling survey in Gulf of Guinea; Aug. p. 1. CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Fisheries expansion in being considered; Dec, p. 89. CONGO, REPUBLIC OF Fisheries production, fresh-water, drops sharply; Feb. p. 68. CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (First Session) Fishermen's financial aid for economic dislocation; Jan, p. 80, Apr. p. 79. Indian fishing rights; Jan. p. 80. Import commodity labeling; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 92. International North Pacific fisheries problems; Jan, p. 80. Oceanographic world conference; Jan. p. 80. Science and technology office for Congress; Jan. p. 80. Shellfish industry problems; Feb. p. 92. Small business disaster loans; Jan, p. 81. Soviet traffic in U. S. territorial waters; Feb. p. 92. State Department appropriations FY 1964; Jan, p. 81, Feb. p. 92, Tariff Schedules of U. S. of August 31, 1963, sug- gested changes invited by House Committee on Ways and Means on; Feb. p. 93. Vessel collision liability; Jan, p. 81. Water Pollution Control Administration; Jan. p. 81, Aug. pp. 102-103, Oct. p. 89, Nov. p. 123. Water Resources council; Jan, p. 81, Nov. p. 123. CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (Second Session) Adjournment of 88th Congress; Nov. p. 120. Agricultural Department appropriations; Dec. p. 126. Alaska: Claims Commission; June p. 65. fishery conservation in; Apr. p. 79. disaster relief; May p. 79, June p, 65, July p. 88, Aug. p. 98, Nov. p. 120. earthquake damage; Nov. p. 120, fur seals; Oct. p. 86. Omnibus Act amendment; June p. 65, July pp. 88-89, Aug. pp. 98-99, Sept. p. 104, Oct. pp. 86-87. prices for fish in; Sept. p. 105, Reconstruction Office; June p, 66, salmon; Nov. pp. 120-121, transportation rates; July p. 89. Anadromous fish conservation; June p. 66, July p. 89, Aug. p. 99, Sept. pp. 104-105, Oct. p. 87. Antidumping Act amendments; May p. 80, June p. 66, July p. 89, Aug. p. 99. 1964 Index CONGRESS, EIGHT Y-EIGHTH (Second Session) (cont.) Assembling of 89th Congress; Nov. p. 120. Budget of the United States; Mar. p. 78. California canning industry; June p. 66, Chemical pesticides coordination; June p. 66, July p. 89, Sept. p. 105, Oct. p. 87, Dec. p. 126. Coast Guard appropriations; May p. 80. Commercial fisheries fund; Apr. p. 79, June p. 66, July p. 89, Aug. p. 99. Commercial fishery resources survey; June p. 67, Sept. p. 105, Nov. p. 121. Commodity packaging and labeling; Mar. p. 78. Conservation of marine fisheries resources; Jan, p. 80, Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 79, May p. 80, June p.67, July pp. 89, 90. Consumer protection; Mar. p. 78, July p. 90. Continental Shelf convention; June pp. 67, 68, Continental Shelf lands; Oct. p. 87. Cuban fishing activities in U. S. territorial waters; Mar. p. 78. Export control of fishery products; Sept. p. 105. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; Mar, p. 78, May p. 81, June p. 68, July p. 90. Federal water resources research program; May p. 80, Fish and cannery workers! resolution on fisheries; Aug. p. 99. Fisheries legislation; June p. 68, Nov. p. 121. Fisheries limits; June p, 68. Fishermen's organization and collective bargaining; Sept. p. 105, Fishery resources; Mar, p. 79. Fishing industry claims against the U.S,; Jan, p. 80. Fishing industry problems; Sept. pp. 105, 106, Nov, p. 121. Fishing vessel protection; June p. 68. Fish protein concentrate; Sept. p. 105, Dec, p. 126. Food and fiber commission; Jan, p. 80. Food-for-peace, and fish; Jan, p. 80, Feb. p. 92, Mar. p. 79, Apr. pp. 79, 80, June pp. 68, 69, Oct. p. 87, Nov. p. 121. Food Marketing National Commission; May p, 80, June p. 69, July p. 90, Aug. p. 99, Sept. p. 105, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 amendment concern- ing fisheries; Jan, p. 80. Foreign fishing vessels off U. S. coasts; May p. 81. Foreign vessels' processing of fishery products in U. S. territorial waters banned; Sept. p. 106. Great Lakes fisheries; July p. 91. Halibut week; May p. 81, June p. 69, Hawaiian Islands; Dec. p. 126. Health, Education, and Welfare appropriations, FY 1965; May p. 81, Oct. pp. 87, 88, Nov. pp. 121, 122. Import commodity labeling; Apr. p. 80. Indian fishing rights; Apr. p. 80, May p, 81, June p. 69, Sept. p. 106, Dec, p. 127. Interim adjournment; Sept. p. 104, Interior appropriations FY 1965; Apr. p. 80, May p. 81, June p. 69, Aug. pp. 99, 100, International Convention for the Northwest Atlan- tic Fisheries; May p. 82, July p. 91, Aug. p, 101, International food standards; July p. 91. Law of the sea study; June p.69, Maine fishing industry; Mar. p. 79. Marine mammal protection; June p. 69. Medical care for vessel owners; June p, 69, July p. 91, Aug. p. 101, Sept. p. 106. Medical care for vessel personnel; June p. 69. National Oceanography Agency; July p. 91. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (Second Session) Natural Resources Department; Nov. p. 122. Navigable waters obstruction marking; Sept. p. 106. North Pacific Fisheries Convention; Nov, p. 122, North Pacific fisheries resources; July p. 91. North Pacific fur seal convention; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 92, Mar. p. 79, Oceanographic Council; Sept, p. 106. Oceanographic legal problems; July p. 91. Oceanographic research program; Sept. p. 106. Oceanographic research vessel inspection; Apr. p.80, Sept. p. 106, Oceanography; Mar. p. 79, Apr. p. 80, May p. 82, Aug. p. 101, Pacific Islands Trust Territory development; Apr. p. 80, Sept, p. 107, Oct. p. 88, Passamaquoddy tidal power project; Apr. p. 81, Sept. p. 107, Nov. p. 122, Pesticides; Apr. p. 81, Nov. p, 122. Pesticides coordination; Aug, p. 101. Pollution of sea by oil treaty amendments; Apr. p. 81. Price-quality stabilization; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 92, Mar, p. 79, Apr. p. 81. Public Works appropriations, 1965; Oct. p. 88. Radiation preservation of fish; Nov. p. 122. Research programs; Apr, p. 81, June p. 69, July p. 91. Salmon canning; Nov, p. 122, School-lunch program use of imported products; May p. 82. Science and technology office for Congress; Mar, p. 79. Small business disaster loans; Feb, p. 92, Mar. p.79. Soviet fishing industry; Mar, p. 80. State Department appropriations FY 1965; June p. 70, July p. 91, Sept. p. 107, Oct. pp. 88, 89. State regulation of Continental Shelf fisheries re- sources; Aug, pp. 101, 102. Supplemental appropriations: FY 1964; July pp. 91, 92, Aug. p. 102. FY 1965; Nov. pp. 122, 123, Territorial waters of the U. S.; Aug. p. 102, Nov. p. 123, Trade agreements program; Nov, p. 123, Dec, p. 127, Trade Expansion Act amendment; Aug. p. 102, Sept. p. 107. Trade negotiations; June p. 70, July p. 92, Transportation Act of 1964; June p, 70. Transportation amendments of 1963; Apr. p. 81, Transportation amendments of 1964; Mar, p. 80, Apr. p. 81, May p, 82, June p, 70. U. S. fishing industry; July p. 92. Vessel construction subsidy amendments; Mar, p.80, May p. 83, June p. 70, Aug, p. 102, Sept. p. 107, Oct. p. 89, Vessel engaged in fisheries; Aug. p. 102, Sept. p.107. Vessel measurement; June p, 70, Vessels of the U. S., 1964; Oct. p. 89. Water pollution; Oct. p. 89, Water Pollution Control Administration; Mar, p. 80, Apr. p. 81, June p, 70, Water pollution control aid to industry; June p. 71. Water Resources Council; May p. 83, June p, 71, Aug. p. 103, Sept. p. 107, Oct. p. 89, Whale conservation; Oct, p. 89. CONTINENTAL SHELF East Coast ocean-bottom studies on , new in- strument effective aid in; Sept. p. 35. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index CONTINENTAL SHELF (cont.) Japanese views on new U. S. law prohibiting fishing in territorial waters by foreign vessels; Nov. p.91. North Atlantic Ocean waters of surveyed by M/V "Albatross IV"; Nov. p. 46. CONVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dominican Republic ratifies ; Nov. p. 70. COOK ISLANDS Tuna cannery, Japanese-supplied, plan rejected for; Jan. p. 48. COSTA RICA Fisheries trends, third quarter 1964; Dec. p. 90. Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963/64 season; Aug. p. 60. Tuna transshipment base in , Japanese plan; Apr. p. 61. Turtle, green, regulations; July p. 50. COURT OF APPEALS, U. S. Fair Labor Standards Act, ruling upholds breaded seafood processor's overtime exemption under; Noy. p. 119. CRAB Alaska: processing of and shrimp started by new corporation in Juneau area; Mar. Pp. 8. supplies of ample for processing plants at Shumagin Islands and Peninsula areas; Nov. p.17. tagging program as of Aug. 1964; Nov. p.20. Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for fresh and frozen cooked and shrimp, Jan. 1, 1964-Mar,. 31, 1965; May p. 47. Blue: Chesapeake Bay and the South industry--an indus- try in transition; Dec. p. 1. Chesapeake Bay research program on to be developed by Maryland and Virginia; Apr. p. 13. industry mechanization, measures for strengthen- ing the economic position with; Jan, p. l. South Carolina abundance studies with experimen- tal trawling, July-Dec. 1963; Feb. p. 49. Canada finds in Far North; Mar. p. 47. Dungeness: Alaska: canned pack, 1963; June p. 9. catches reported good in Cape Fairweather area; Sept. p. 12. Kodiak firm processes ; Sept. p. 11. Kodiak processing plant operations following earthquake; Nov. p. 16. landings up in 1963; Apr. p. 9. prices at Cordova drop; Nov. p. 17. processing of started by Kodiak cold-stor- age plant; Mar. p. 8. California: abundance and condition surveyed prior to open season; Jan. p. 8. northern coastal waters survey; Mar. p. 13. Edible ; June outside back cover. Japanese coastal waters, new fishery developed in; Sept. p. 76. King: Alaska; canned pack, 1963; June p. 9. CRAB King: Alaska: exploratory fishing plans eomsleiee) July p. 9. fishing rate heavy on tagged ; Feb. p. 11. Kodiak processing operations; Nov. pp. 16, 17. landings low at Kodiak; Dec. p. 24. landings up in 1963; Apr. p. 9. processors plan rebuilding; Aug. p. 12. Soviet fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7. tagged retains tag over six years; June p.9. tagging in Portlock Bank area; Sept. p. 13. tag recoveries reduced by heavy winds; Mar. p. 9. Alaska, Gulf of: Japanese fishing activity during June; Sept, p. 11. Soviet fishing activity during June; Sept. p. 10. Bristol Bay: Japanese factoryships begin fishing season earli- er than year ago; June p. 9. canned: Japanese pack from Bristol Bay, Okhotsk Sea, and Olyutor Sea, 1956-1963; Aug. p. 72. pyrophosphates, effects of certain, on moisture retention; Aug. p. 19. Chilean-Japanese proposed venture for , de- velopments on; Sept. p. 60. ae conference, second, on technology and processing announced; Mar. p. 9. Japan: Bristol Bay, operations in; Aug. p.72, Nov. p.94. canned exports, fiscal year 1963; Aug, p. 72. Eastern Bering Sea, two motherships issued licenses for 1964 operations in; May p. 59. North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in; Oct. p. 69. tangle nets, polypropelene, to be used in fishery; May p. 62. Soviet-Japanese negotiations concluded; July p. 42. television, underwater, used for locating (M/V ''Paragon"' cruise 64-1); Sept. p. 12. Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38. Restraint of trade by fishermen's organiza- tion in Washington State; Oct. p. 83. CROAKER Chesapeake Bay population discussed at research conference by Maryland and Virginia; Apr. p. 13. CROKER, RICHARD S. Fishery attache arrives at Mexico City post; Mar. p. 77. CUBA Cannery, fish, new, in » equipment built in Estonia for; July p. 50. Expanded fisheries in claimed result of Soviet aid; Dec. p. 90. Fish catch and fishing fleet expanded; Nov. p. 82. Imports of fishery products from Japan, Jan.-Apr. 1964; Sept. p. 60. Mexico inspects fishing vessels for hoof and mouth disease; Jan. p. 64. Tuna: Japanese exporters seeking more trade with and Spain; Sept. p. 72. Japanese exports to increasing; July p. 57, Sept. p. 72. 1964 Index CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF Groundfish fillets import tariff-rate quota for 1964; Apr. p. 78. Tuna, canned in brine, imports under quota proviso for 1964; June p,. 64. "Tuna with Vegetables,'' canned, imports dutiable at 20 percent ad valorem; Mar. p. 77. DAHOMEY Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p.41. DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF Defense Subsistence Supply Centers: canned fishery products purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar. p. 16, Apr. p. 15, May p. 17, June p. 15, July p. 12, Aug. p. 20, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 38. > fresh and frozen fishery product purchases; Jan. p. 9, Mar, p. 16, Apr. p. 15, May p, 16, June p.14, July p. 11, Aug. p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p.28, Dec, p. 37. DEMERSAL FISH Arabian Sea catches by R/V ''Anton Bruun"; Nov. Suppl, p. 27. Bay of Bengal catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov. Suppl. p. 27. DENMARK Peo paniah fishery cooperation, talks on; May Delt. Canned fish, fish used in 1963 for; Mar, p, 51, "Caviar" processing plant in northern Germany planned by Danish fishery firm; May p. 49. Copenhagen fisheries trade fair; Apr. p. 57, Dec. p. 91. Developments, new, in the fisheries; July p. 51. Exports, fishery, to the U. S., 1963; June p, 39, Exports of fish and shellfish, 1963; Mar. p, 51, Exports of fishery products; Apr. p. 55, July p. 51, Sept. p. 62, Oct. p. 53, Fillets (flatfish and cod), fish used in 1963 for; Mar, p. 51. Fisheries Attache, new, appointed for U. S, and Can- ada; Nov. p. 83, Fisheries Council, industry views presented at annual meeting of; Mar. p. 51. Fisheries developments, Apr, 1964; July p. 51. Fisheries legislation revisions proposed; June p. 40. Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 54. Fisheries trends; Apr. pp. 53, 54, June p. 39, July p. 51, Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 55. Fishermen, number employed and average annual gross income, 1963; Mar, p. 51. Fishery cooperatives enjoy good year; June p. 40. Fish fillet processing plant in the Faroe Islands, Danish Government approves economic guarantee for the construction of; May p. 49. Fishing limits; Apr. p. 53, July p. 51, Fishing limits of the Faroe Islands, Danish inspec- tion vessels available to patrol; May p. 49, Fish marketing in the U. S., promotion of; June p.40. Fish meal production in 1963; Mar, p, 51, Fish meal supply and distribution, 1962-1963; July p. 52, Fish oil production in 1963; Mar, p. 51, Fish reduction industry, water purification and pro- tein extraction process may be applied to; Aug. p. 61, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 DENMARK Freezerships for fish, new trade agreement with So- viet may include; Jan, p. 49, Freezership-trawlers built for Soviet Union by ship- yard in ; Oct. p. 56. Frozen food outlets may triple; June p. 40. Gear and nets for fishing, value of, 1963; Mar. p. 51, Herring: catch forecasts; Apr. p. 53, marketing problems; Apr. p. 53. Imports of fish and shellfish; Mar. p. 51, Sept. p.62. Industrial fish landings, low, stimulate price in- crease; June p. 40. Industrial products supply and distribution, 1963; July p. 52. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea annual 1964 meeting expected to consider new draft convention; Aug. p. 52. International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries harp and hood seal protocol ratified by and France; Dec. p. 79. Landings and fishing industry trends, 1963-1962; Mar, p. 50, Landings, fishery; Apr. p. 54, July p. 51, Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 55. Marine oil: foreign trade, 1962-1963; July p. 52, supply situation, 1962-1963; July p. 52. Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended by 3 Sept. p. 55, Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June p.39. Plaice, processing and distributing; July p. 51. Polish-Danish fishery relations; Apr. p. 53. Processed fishery products, first quarter 1964, pro- duction of; Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 55, Processing plant, fisheries, opened in West Germany by Danish firm; Oct. p. 55. Seaweed, artificial, may help protect shoreline; Oct. p. 56. Smoked fish, fish used in 1963 for; Mar, p, 51, Soviet fishing gear, Danish fishermen protest care- less disposal of; Apr. p. 57. Soviet interference with Danish fishing operations claimed; Apr. p. 74. Soviets order three more freezer-trawlers from Danish shipyards; May p, 76, Tuna from Japan, contracts to import; Feb. agtce U. S. fishery attache program in ; Nov. p. 29. U. S. market for fishery products; July p. 52. Vessel(s), fishing: freezer-trawlers, new series under construction in for U.S.S.R.; Mar. p. 70. stability regulations and recommendations; Apr, p. 56, structural research meeting planned on; Sept. p. 64, value of; Mar. p. 51. Western European Fisheries Convention, authority sought for ratification of; Aug. p. 61. Whiting, undersized, continued dispensation requested on; July p. 51. DOGFISH Norway signs agreement with Great Britain on fish- ing for and basking shark; Sept. p. 88, Dec, p. 109, DOLPHIN Fishermen's catch and gear ravaged by ; May p. 103, 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW DOLPHIN (cont.) Gulf of Mexico true known for speed and fighting spirit; Sept. p. 9. National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, trained will be featured at; Apr. p. 22. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Canned mackerel (salmon style), canned tuna, canned sardines, and dried cod, reduces prices on; Mar. p. 53. Explorations, fishery, preliminary, off by M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29. Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention ratified by ; Oct. p. 49, Nov. p. 70. DRYING United Kingdom fish process cut to 30 hours by new machine; July p. 80. EARTHQUAKE Alaska: commercial fishing industry still operational in spite of ; July p. 6. damage to fishery industry by ; June p. 8 declared major disaster area by Office of Emer- gency Planning; July p. 87. fishery loan office, emergency, opened by Interior as result of ; June p. 63. seismic exploration agreement completed; July p. 8. California: Del Norte County declaredmajor disaster area by Office of Emergency Planning; July p. 87. ECHO-SOUNDERS Norwegian firm, improved p. 82. offered by; Aug. ECONOMIC Blue crab industry, measures for strengthening the position of; Jan, p. 1. ECUADOR Bottomfish industry development; Sept. p. 66. Lobsters, spiny, industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 66. Manta fishing industry expanding; Jan. p. 49. Shrimp: industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 65. producers hurt by lower prices in U. S. market; Jan. p. 49. Tuna industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 64. Whaling, Japanese, operation in ; May p. 62. EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS Marketing of 1963; July p. 20, Oct. p. 29. Marketing prospects, winter 1963/64; Jan, p. 20. U.S. foreign trade in processed » Apr. 1964; Aug. p. 43. EGG(S) Salmon, pink, deposition success varies in Sashin Creek, Alaska; Mar. p. 9. EGYPT Food processing plants include fishery products, plans for; Jan, p. 50. 1964 Index ELECTRICAL FISHING North Atlantic, television used to observe gear in operation in (M/V''Delaware"' cruise 64=4); Sept. p. 30. Tests on continued by M/V "Delaware" p. 43. ; Nov. ELECTRICAL TRAWLING Shrimp evaluation continued by M/V ''George M. Bowers"; Feb. p. 22, July p. 12. EL SALVADOR Fisheries to be aided by United Nations special fund; Dec. p. 91. EMERGENCY PLANNING, OFFICE OF Alaska and a California county declared major dis- aster areas by ; July p. 87. EMPLOYMENT Fishermen considered independent contractors for tax purposes by United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; July p. 88. Fishermen employees for tax purposes, U. S. Cir- cuit Court of Appeals holds; Jan, p. 79. EPIZOOTICS, INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF Sanitary regulations in international traffic in ani- mals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74. EQUALANT II Gulf of Guinea, research vessel ''Geronimo"' partici- pates in in; Apr. p. 47. ESTONIA Cannery, fish, in Cuba, builds equipment for; July p. 50. ESTUARINE Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton, Calif., to study areas of California and Asia; Feb, p. 40. Gulf estuaries, ecology of western; Dec. p. 45. ETHIOPIA Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa crustaceans specialist meeting attended by g Apr, p. 40. Fishery products, new, Bulgaria- will build; July p. 53. company in EUROPE Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission second meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52. Tuna, frozen, Japanese exports to Apr. p. 59. and Africa; EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Denmark's exports of fishery products to , Jan.- Sept. 1963; Apr. p. 56. France establishes minimum price regulations for herring imports from other countries; Dec. > 936 Tariff | quotas on some fishery products granted to certain member states; Apr. p. 40. EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE Fishing limit, modified 12-mile, at Mar. p. 35, May p. 40. in London; 1964 Index - EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE (cont.) Fishing limits, Scandinavian countries at in London oppose proposal of; Apr. p. 41. Meeting opens in London; Feb, p. 59. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION Denmark's exports of fishery products to . Jan.-Sept. 1963; Apr. p. 56. Tariffs, industrial, reduced another 10 percent; Mar, p. 35. Tariffs, industrial,scheduled for further reduction; Dec. p. 82, Tariff reduction on certain fishery products; Apr. p. 40. EXPLORATORY FISHING Research vessel, ''Delaware II," to be built for ; Aug. p. 44, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES Sample Display Service, new, offers export develop- ment opportunity; Nov. p. 28. EXPORTS Cod oil from U. S., Mexico reduces tariff on im- ports of; Nov. p. 98. Denmark imports fishery products from United States, 1962-63 and early 1964; Sept. p. 62. Edible fishery products; Jan. p. 34, May p, 35, Oct. p. 41. Fish oils: trends; Feb. p. 31, Aug. p. 32, Nov. p. 36. U.S. ; Jan, p. 18, Apr. p. 21, Sept. pp. 25, 26, Oct. p. 28, Dec, p. 47. world , 1963; Sept. p. 50. Norway's canned fish , 1962-1963; June p. 53, Philippine fishing industry development spurred by change in Government import policy; Nov, p. 106. Processed edible fishery products; Mar. p. 31, Apr. p. 37, May p. 46, June p, 31, July p. 36, Aug. p.44, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 66. Shrimp vessel equipment sold to Colombia firm by U. S, company; May p. 15. Value of U. S, fishery products 1963; Sept, p. 46. up sharply in EXPRESS RATES Tariffs filed to increase charges for REA Express; Feb. p. 51. FAC TORYSHIP U.S.S.R. starts construction on ninth ; Apr. p. 73. FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT Breaded seafood processor's overtime exemption under , U. S, Circuit Court of Appeals ruling upholds; Nov. p. 119. FARM PONDS Trout production in United States by p. 40. ; Aug. FAROE ISLANDS Exports of fishery products, value of, 1962-1963; May p. 50, Exports of frozen fish to United Kingdom may be subject to quota; May p. 49. Fisheries trends, 1963; May p, 50. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 FAROE ISLANDS Fish fillet processing plant in the , Danish Government approves economic guarantee for the construction of; May p, 49, Fishing limit, 12-mile, stirs reactions; May p. 49, Fishing rights agreement signed between and Greenland; Dec. p, 94. Fishing rights in Greenland waters to be renegoti- ated; Oct. p, 57. Landings in United Kingdom may be subject to quota; May p. 49. Processed fishery products, 1962-1963; May p. 50. Stocks of fish on hand, 1962-1963; May p. 50. Vessel, fishing, fleet status; May p, 51. FEDERAL AID Fishery research and special studies; Dec. p. 39, Funds apportioned to states for fish and wildlife, fiscal year 1964; Apr. p. 14. Pacific Northwest States receive ies program; Sept. p. 18. Sport fish and wildlife restoration funds for FY 1965; Aug. p. 20. for fisher- FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION Alaska water transportation rates, order stayed for lower; Sept. p. 104, FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS Defense, Department of: Defense Subsistence Supply Centers: canned fish purchases; Jan, p. 9, Mar. p. 16, Apr. p. 15, May p. 17, June p, 15, July p. 12, Aug. p. 20, Oct, p. 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 38. fresh and frozen fishery products; Jan. p. 9, Mar. p. 16, Apr. p. 14, May p. 16, June p. 14, July p. 11, Aug. p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 37. Veterans Administration estimated requirements of canned fish from 1964 packs; Apr. p. 16. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Crab fishermen's organization in Washington State, bars restraint of trade by; Oct. p. 83. Shrimp peeling machinery, bars discrimina- tion in rentals and sales of; Aug. p. 88. FLJI ISLANDS Tuna: Japanese base in , ex-vessel prices at; Dec. p. 92, Japanese base in , status of; Mar. p. 53. Japanese-British base at , completion de- layed of; July p. 59. Japanese Government issues special permit to land fish at American Samoa; May p. 13, Japanese mothership sails for ; June p. 46, FILLETING MACHINE Yellow perch now in operation in Great Lakes region; Apr. p. 16. FILLET(S) Canadians study improvement in texture of 3 Mar, p. 48. Groundfish from tariff modification, hearings on exclusion of; Feb. p. 91. Irradiated and fresh controls, comparative tests made with; Jan, p. 19. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FILLET(S) (cont. ) Ocean perch from tariff modification, hear- ings on exclusion of; Feb. p. 91. FILM(S) Oceanography: marine scientists, new jay U. S. Navy, new produced by; Feb. p. 16. shows work of; Mar. FINFISH South Carolina studies, July-Sept. p. 56. 1964; Nov. FISH Speed of ; May p. 39. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (also see COMMER- CIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; and INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE) Fish blocks, frozen, proposed revised standards for grades of; Aug. p. 90. Tuna, yellowfin, fishing regulations proposed for Eastern Pacific, July p. 82. Whaling regulations amended; Aug. p. 92. FISH BLOCKS Frozen , standards for grades of; Aug. p. 90, Nov. p. Liv. FISH BREEDING Salmon and sturgeon, Soviet scientists develop new species of; May p. 76. Trout, rainbow, methods at Idaho fish farm; Oct. p. 38. FISH CULTURE Sturgeon fry hatched artificially by Soviets with new type equipment; Mar. p. 27. Trout production in United States by commercial farms; Aug. p. 40. FISHERIES EXHIBITION International planned for Scheveningen in the Netherlands; Mar. p. 38. International to be held at Trondheim (Norway) in 1965; Oct. p. 75. FISHERIES LABORATORY Biological at Oxford, Md., dedicated by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Dec. p. 38. FISHERIES LOAN FUND (also see LOANS) Alaska: charter vessel loan regulations; Aug. p. 95. disaster loans, filing of applications for; Oct. p. 13, Nov. p. 17. emergency actions taken by p. 8. loans, low interest rate, available to fishing in- dustry; Aug. p. 13. Vessels, fishing, and other financial aid for; Feb. p. 52, June p. 29, Aug. p. 42, Nov. p. 61. program; July FISHERIES RESEARCH Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton, Calif,, to study estuarine areas of Asia and California; Feb. p. 40. 1964 Index FISHERIES RESEARCH Canadian Fisheries Minister emphasizes need for scientific 3; Mar. p. 43. Electronic aids, new,developed in Canada; Mar. p. 49. FISHERMEN California income, 1962; Feb. p. 11. FISHERY AGREEMENT(S) Japan-Communist ; Jan. p. 61, FISHERY ATTACHE(S) Newly appointed arrive at posts; Mar. p. 77. FISHERY TECHNOLOGY OECD holds meeting; Dec. p. 81, FISH FARM(S) Salmon » new, in Washington State established by cooperative effort; May. p. 31. Trout, rainbow, rearing methods at Idaho 5 Oct. p. 38. FISH FARMING Rice farm ponds, gear tested for harvesting fish from; Jan. p. 10, Feb. p. 17, Aug. p. 21, FISH FILLETS (see FILLETS) FISH FLAKES Canada develops process for dehydrating fish-potato mixture; Jan. p. 46, FISH HANDLING Unloading fish, air pump for; Aug. p. 21. FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT Construction subsidy for fishing vessels, proposed regulations on notice and hearing requirements of; Dec. p. 123. FISHING LIMITS British-Norwegian discussions on ; Sept. p. 49. Canada: extended do not apply toU.S. fishing vessels; Oct. p. 52. proposed 12-mile , Fisheries Minister com- ments on; May p. 47. __ Denmark: extension of ; Apr. p. 53. Nordic, joint, considered; June p. 39. Western European Fisheries Convention ratifica- tion and extension of by; Aug. p. 61. European Fisheries Conference, access to fishing grounds and extension of considered by; Feb, p. 59. European 12-mile » modified, accepted by 13 countries at European Fisheries Conference in London; May p. 40. Greenland: Faroese Islands fishing rights in Greenland waters to be renegotiated; Oct. p. 57. 12-mile modified to continue certain historic fishing rights of other countries; Nov. p. 84. Japanese-Canadian talks on planned; July p. 67. 1964 Index FISHING LIMITS (cont. ) Law of the Sea Conference, Third International, recommended by American Bar Association Group; Dec. p. 39. Norway: 12-mile ,» modified, rejected; May p.70. Scandinavian countries at European Fisheries Con- ference in London oppose proposal of ; Apr. p. 41. 12-mile » modified, proposed at European Fisheries Conference in London; Mar. p. 35. Tunisia detains Italian fishing vessels for violating declared ; Jan, p. 70. FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY Authority to accept applications expired; Feb. p. 53. FISHING VESSEL MORTGAGE INSURANCE Vessels, and other financial aid for, Oct. 1- Dec. 31, 1963; Feb. p. 52. FISH KILLS Chesapeake Bay controls established; Aug. p. 33. Oregon , U.S. Public Health Service investi- gates; July p. 29. U.S. Public Health Service aids Louisiana in study of ; Jan. p. 74, Sept. p. 18. Water pollution, fish killed by,1963; Aug. p. 22. FISH LARVAE Larval fish biology, first conference held in Cali - fornia on; Jan. p, 10. FISH MARKET Korea, Republic of: dedicates new center at Pusan; Jan. p. 62, FISH MEAL Alaska, Gulf of, Japanese fishery during June; Sept. p. 11. Angola production and exports, Jan, -Dec. 1963; May p. 40. Animal and poultry nutrition, use of highly regarded in; May p. 23. Animal nutrition, views on use of Dec, p. 47. Argentina; production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 54. production and trends in 1963-64; Nov. p. 73. production estimates revised; Feb. p. 66. production 1963, and exports Jan. -Nov. 1963; July p. 45. Calcium and phosphorus in found entirely available to chickens; Dec. p. 46. Canada: containers of 2, 000 pounds, stored in; Mar. p. 50. herring production, 1963/64; June p. 37. Chile: factory for manufacturing at Iquique dedi- cated as joint venture with South Africa; May . p. 48. factory, new , planned; Dec. p. 89. industry trends; July p. 49, Oct. p. 53. Denmark's supply and distribution, 1962-1963; July p. 52: and oil and oil in; experimentally COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 FISH MEAL Exports and production for selected countries Jan, - May 1963-1964; Oct. p. 44. Exports by principal exporting countries, 1963; Aug. De tue German Federal Republic: imports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 62. supply and distribution, 1962-1963 and 1964 forecast; Aug. p. 62. Great Lakes region, plant being built in; Apr. p. 16. Greece to experiment in using as fish food; July p. 54, Iceland's production and exports, Jan.-Dec. 1963; May p. 40. Imports by principal importing countries, 1963; Aug. p. 48. Imports, U.S.; Jan. pp. 18,35, Feb. pp. 31, 32,54, Mar. pp. 21,30, Apr. pp. 20, 21, 36, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30,31, Sept. p, 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers: conference, Peruvian, stresses quality; Jan. p.39. fifth annual conference in Vienna; Oct. p. 45, Dec. p. 69. Ireland, factory for planned for east coast of; Nov. p. 88. Japan: association organized; Nov. p. 96. Atlantic, new firm plans trawling and oper- ations in; Jan, p. 59. Bering Sea, eastern, Mar. p. 60. Bering Sea production, 1964; Dec. p. 101. Bering Sea, Operations in; June p. 48. imports from Peru approved; Apr. p. 61. imports from South Africa; July p. 67. imports, Government allots funds for; Jan. p. 58. mixed feed, and solubles used in, 1958-1963; Sept. p. 80. prices; Aug. p. 74. Lipids, total, in , improved rapid method for determining; July p. 1. Maine, raw material for and other industrial fishery products scarce in; Sept. p. 26. Mexico's imports up sharply, Jan. -Sept. 1963; Jan. p. 64. Netherlands prices, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 79. Norway: bulk , studies on handling; Nov. p. 104. herring quality control studies; Nov. p. 103. herring uniformity, mixing equipment de- signed to achieve; Nov, p. 104. production and exports, Jan.-Dec, 1963; Mayp. 40. Observations on use of in animal feed; June Pails Panama's production of p. 68. Peru: exports: agreement extended; Feb. p. 80. by country of destination; June p. 54, Nov. p.105. estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79. forecast, 1964; Aug. p. 83. Jan, -Mar. 1963-64; Oct. p. 76. forecast, long-range, for industry; Feb. p. 79. industry trends; Jan. p. 67, June p. 54. outlook for industry; Nov. p. 105. production and exports; May p. 40, July p. 72, Aug. p. 82. operation planned in; and oil in 1963; Apr. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index FISH MEAL (cont. ) Peru (cont. ): supply situation; Nov. p. 105. trends, Jan. -July 1964 and outlook in Sept. 1964; Nov. p. 105. Poland's production, 1963; Sept. p. 91. Production and exports for selected countries; Mar. p. 35, Apr. p. 42, May p. 40, Aug. p. 47, Sept. p. 49, Oct. p. 44, Nov. p. 71, Dec. p. 69. South Africa Republic: association contracts to sell to Japan; Jan. p. 69. export quota for 1964 increased; Mar. p. 67. production and exports, Jan. -Dec. 1963; May p. 40. production for 1964 sold or committed; Sept. p. 93. production, 1962-1963; Nov. p. 110. Spain's production and imports, 1962/63 and fore- cast 1963/64; May p. 73. Supply indicators for principal exporting and im- porting countries, 1963; Aug. p. 48 Trends in use of in Maine and Massachusetts; Feb. p. 30. Use of in Southern States, trend upward in; Feb. p. 30. Use of in Texas area; Jan, p. 18. U.S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July p. 19, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. pp. 27, 28, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. U.S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18, July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p.35, Dec. p. 47. U. S. production, 1962-63; Apr. p. 20. Wisconsin fish oil and plant, ARA industrial loan to help establish new; Oct. p. 82. World production; Feb. p. 59, June p, 36, Aug. p. 47, Oct. p. 44, Nov. p. 71, Dec. p. 69. World trade, 1958-1963; Oct. p. 44. Yugoslavia opens new plant at Zadar and 4 other new plants planned; Dec. p. 115. FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF Fifth annual conference; Dec. p. 69. FISH MIGRATION Flounder, blackback, studies aided by discovery of distinctive group on Georges Bank; Oct. p. 30. Patents awarded on new methods for tracking Aug. p. 39. FISH OIL (also see OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL) Animal and poultry nutrition, use of fish meal and highly regarded in; May p. 23. Animal nutrition, views on use of fish meal and in; Dec. p. 47. Argentina's production and exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 54. Canada's herring production, 1963/64; June p. 37. Composition of studied by fractional distil- lation and gas-liquid chromatography; Jan. p. 11. Exports, U. S.; Jan. p.18, Feb. p. 31, Apr. p. 21, Aug. p. 32, Sept. pp. 25, 26, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. p. 47. Low-cost , today small fish used to make; Nov. p. 14. FISH OIL Menhaden , uses for; Nov. p. 14. Midwest and Atlantic coast producers! views on market trends; Sept. p. 26. Panama's production of and fish meal in 1963; Apr. p. 68. Peru: exports; Oct. p. 76. exports by country of destination, Jan. 1-May 15, 1964; Nov. p. 106. exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79. supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 forecast; Aug. p. 83. trends, Jan. -July 1964 and outlook in Sept. 1964; Nov. p. 105. Price trends; Sept. p. 26. Uses for promoted at annual paint industries show; Jan. p. 15. U. S. foreign trade; Sept. p. 26. U. S. industry outlook; Sept. p. 27. U. S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. p. 31, Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July p. 19, Aug. pp. 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. pp. 27, 28, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. U. S. production and use; Sept. p. 26. U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, ‘Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18, July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 47. U.S. production forecast for 1964; Nov. p. 37. U.S. trends in supply, disposition, and prices, 1946-1964; Sept. p. 26. World exports, 1963; Sept. p. 50. World production, 1963; Oct. p. 46. FISH PASSAGE Flume, new fish behavorial, built in Pacific North- west; Sept. p. 38. d Salmon escapement aided by brief industrial plant shutdown at Willamette Falls, Oregon; Oct. p. 33. FISH PORTIONS U.S. production, 1963; July p. 35. U.S. production, quarterly data; Jan. p. 32, Apr. p. 34, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 40. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE Canadians study ways of producing ; Mar. p. 50. FISH REDUCTION German method, new, developments on; Mar. p. 52. FISH SAUSAGE : Iceland produces first ; Nov. p. 88. Japanese production; June p. 49, July p. 66. FISH 'N SEAFOOD PARADE Promotion in Oct. for ; Oct. p. 106. FISH SOLUBLES ( Imports, U.S.; Jan. p. 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. Japanese use of fish meal and in mixed feeds, 1958-1963; Sept. p. 80. 1964 Index FISH SOLUBLES (cont.) U. S. production; Jan. pp. 16, 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, July p. 19, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. pp. 27, 28, 40, Nov. pp. 35, 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18, July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 47. U, S, production, 1962-63; Apr. p. 20. FISH STICKS Norwegian firm to establish ford, Mass.; Apr. p. 67. U.S. production, 1963; July p. 35. U. S, production, quarterly data; Jan. p. 32, Apr. p. 34, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 40. = plant in New Bed- FISHY FLAVORS Chemistry of volatile components in fishery products studied by Gloucester Technological Laboratory; May p. 17. FISHY ODORS Chemistry of volatile components in fishery prod- ucts studied by Gloucester Technological Labora- tory; May p. 17. FLATFISH Pacific, North, migrations of halibut and sole; Sept. p. 19. FLORIDA Bottomfish explorations off northern Aug. p. 38. Marine laboratory building, new, planned at Univer- sity of Miami; July p. 27. continued; Scallop distribution survey off ; Feb. p. 47. Shrimp: juvenile density and distribution in Florida Bay; Dec. p. 43. pink: juvenile phase of the life history in Everglades; Mar. p. 19, July p. 16. migration study off leased in; Dec. p. 60. royal-red: Florida east coast, fishing good in June off; Sept. p. 39. University of Miami receives new research grants for studies in marine biology; July p. 26. , seabed drifters re- FLOUNDER Bering Sea, Soviet Poll Blackback: studies aided by discovery of distinctive group on Georges Bank; Oct. p. 30. tagging in North Atlantic; June p. 21. tagging program off Massachusetts; Aug. p. 34. fishing activities in; July FOOD Radiation and ; June p. 89, July p. 38. World oceans can yield more ; Apr. p. 42. FOOD ADDITIVES Sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in smoked cured sablefish, petition to Food and Drug Administra- tion to use; Dec. p. 117. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Antarctic fin-whale catch, tary limits on; Jan. p. 41. Business Decisions in Fishery Industries, sponsors meeting on; Dec. p. 73. Canadian fish catch, 1962; Mar. p. 41. Caribbean fisheries development project; May p. 41. Chilean Fisheries Development Institute, sonar ex- pert assigned by to; June p. 38. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec. p. 75. Worldwide Expert Committee on Food Hygiene meets in Washington; Dec. p. 76. Conference, Twelfth Session of the ; Feb. p. 61. Director-General re-elected at November 1963 con- ference; Mar. p. 36. Dolphin and porpoise ravage fishermen's catch and gear; May p. 103. Fisheries development in Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf proposed; Mar. p. 37. Fisheries Division director appointed, new; Apr. p. 44. Fisheries Division director retires; Apr. p. 44. Fresh fish, international symposium on how to keep; Aug. p. 48. Harvesting world's oceans, greater international discipline urged in; Sept. p. 51. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council of session; Dec. p. 73. Indo-Pacific fisheries development seminar; July p. 39. International Atomic Energy Agency requests re- search by on control of harmful organisms in foods and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53. International trade standards for fishery products, experts seek worldwide; Apr. p. 44. Japan's views on 43rd Council; Dec. p. 103, Marine resources, Director-General urges plans for exploration of; Apr. p. 43. Marine Resources Research Advisory Committee meets in Rome; Apr. p. 42. Motors, outboard, increase fishing efficiency of traditional craft in six countries under Freedom From Hunger Campaign project; July p. 40. Members or associate members, new countries ad- mitted as; Mar. p. 36. Sanitary regulations in international traffic in ani- mals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74. South Korea, fishery training center to be built in; Nov. p. 71. Sweden helps Pakistan mechanize small fishing craft under program; July p. 41. Tuna: Atlantic Ocean resource: Japanese views on proposals advanced for con- servation of; Jan. p. 56. report considered by 43rd Session; Dec. p. 73. working party meets in Rome; Jan. p. 38. research meeting held in Rome; Sept. p. 50. world catch, 1962; Mar, p. 36. Vessel, small, structural research, Denmark plans meeting on; Sept. p. 64. Whaling outlook for 1963/64 Antarctic season; Apr. p. 49. World fish catch by species groups, 1962; Mar. p. 36. World fisheries development role of ,43rd Ses- sion sets up ad hoc committee to study; Dec. p. 73. World fishery landings estimated by ; Dec. p.70, appeals for volun- holds 11th 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (cont.) World fish resources must be more wisely managed; Apr. p. 43. World Food Program, fishery products in the; Feb. p. 60. World oceans can yield more food; Apr. p. 42. World trade in fishery products model standard worked out by fisheries group; May p. 40. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U, S. Canned foods, questions frequently asked about; metal food container as the regulatory official sees it; June p. 88, Food additives: kelp regulation, new; July p. 81. sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in smoked cured sablefish; Dec. p. 117. Irradiation, new food additive regulation concerning packaging materials for foods preserved by; Oct. p. 84. Pure food and drug law, annual conference to high- light understanding of; Dec. p. 117. Shrimp, frozen raw breaded, standards of identity, public hearing on; Feb, p. 88, Apr. p. 77. Tuna, canned, standard of identity amended; Apr. p. 77, June p. 62, Aug. p. 90. FOOD HYGIENE Codex Alimentarius Commission Worldwide Expert Committee on meets in Washington; Dec. p. 76. FOREIGN FISHERY REPORTING U. S. fishery attache program in foreign countries; Nov. p. 29. FOREIGN TRADE (also see EXPORTS; IMPORTS) International trade: standards for fishery products, experts seek world- wide; Apr. p. 44. U. S, Bureau of the Census export classification, time extended for comments on; Sept. p. 100. Exports of fishery products by country, 1962, U. S., trends in; Feb. p. 54. Hong Kong's in fishery products, 1961 and 1962; Jan. p. 51. Imports, fishery, by country, 1962, trends in U. S,; Feb, p. 56. Processed edible fishery products, U. S. in; Jan. p. 34, Apr. p. 37, May p. 35, June p. 31, Aug p.43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Dec. p. 66. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Fish oil composition studied by and gas- liquid chromatography; Jan. p. 11. FRANCE Factoryships, fishery, shipyards receive orders from South Korea for trawlers and from Soviets for; Nov. p. 83. Fish eggs supplied to bec hatcheries; Dec. p,. 88. Herring imports from other EEC countries subject to minimum price regulations; Dec. p. 92. Irish fishing company, new, Japanese and interests to aid; Feb. p. 70. by Canada from Que- 1964 Index FRANCE Seals, harp and hood, and Denmark ratify International Convention for the Northwest At- lantic Fisheries protocol concerning; Dec. p,79. Trawling base in Ireland, joint Japanese-Irish- French; Mar. p. 55. Tuna: canned exports, industry urged to increase; May p. 51. Moroccan-French joint fishing exploration planned; Nov. p. 102. Vessels, fishing, for Korea, Italian- French contract modified to build; Apr. p. 62. Vessel specifications of fishing fleet ordered from by Republic of Korea; Dec. p. 105. FRASER RIVER Salmon, sockeye, losses investigated; June p. 24. FREEZE-DRIED FISHERY PRODUCTS Defense Department purchases; Oct. p. 25, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 38. Fish squares, freeze-dried, purchased by Defense Department; Mar. p. 16. FREEZING Liquid nitrogen to freeze fish, studies of; Nov. p. 30. Quick- , multi-immersion; Feb. p. 33. Technical symposium on of fishery products; Feb. p. 42. 1 FRENCH GUIANA Shrimp: Mexican vessels to fish for ; June p. 51, U.S, firms in continue to expand; Jan.p. 50. FRESH AND FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS Defense Department purchases; Jan. p. 9, Mar.p. 16, Apr. p. 14, May p. 16, June p. 14, July p. 11, Aug. p. 20, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 37. FRESH FISH Food and Agriculture Organization, international symposium on how to keep ; Aug. p. 48. FRESH-WATER FISH El Salvador commercial fishery for p. 92. ; Dec. FROZEN FISH Japanese establsih national program to promote sale of | ; July p. 65. Shelf life of studied; Nov. p. 53. Thawing unit for , new British; Mar. p. 73. FULTON FISH MARKET Relocation of New York City recommended; Noy. p. 40. FUNDY, BAY OF Canada opens section of to herring seiners; ) Dec, p. 88, é FUR SEAL(S) Alaska: prices for skins: fall 1964 auction; Dec. p. 40. spring 1964 auction; June p. 15. 1964 Index FUR SEAL(S) (cont.) Alaska (cont.): skins, proposals for processing, promoting, and selling; June p. 63, Distribution and movements; June p, 61, Interior, U. S. Department of, contract negotiations for processing ; Sept. p. 20. North Pacific Commission convenes in Mos- cow for annual meeting; Apr. p. 48. North Pacific Convention: Japan ratifies Protocol amending interim conven- tion on conservation of ; July p. 42, Soviet Union ratifies Protocol amending interim convention; June p, 35. United States ratifies Protocol amending interim convention; May p. 44. Pribilof Islands skin harvest, 1964; Nov. p. 30, Tagging techniques, modified, suggested to prevent excess mortality; Aug. p. 22, GAME FISH Tagging program by Woods Hole Oceanographic In- stitution, 1963 report on; Feb, p. 52. GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Fish oil composition studied by fractional distilla- tion and ; Jan. p. 11, GATT (see GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE) GEAR Alaska, southeastern, registered fishing vessels, count for; Aug, p. 13. Electrical trawling tests continued; June p.20. Experiments in marking by M/V "John R, Manning" in Kodiak Island vicinity; Dec. p. 23. Float for fishing line patented; Oct. p. 28. Gill net, monofilament and multifilament, compari- son of salmon catches in; Oct. p. 1. Harvesting fish from rice farm ponds, tested for; Jan. p. 10, Aug. p. 21. Japan's compensation law for loss of fishing and catch revised; Oct. p. 71. Labor-saving tested in rice-farm fish ponds; Jan, p. 10, Aug. p. 21. Long-line: Japanese test new off West African Coast; Feb, p. 73, modified to catch tuna in Australian inshore waters; Aug. p. 54. swordfish vessel ''Chilmark Sword," fishing methods and equipment of; Dec. p. 64. Midwater trawl: Pacific Coast hake fishery, tests successful in; Aug. p. 23, Sweden's experimental pair-trawling for large herring shows promise; Jan, p. 69. Ocean-bottom studies, new instrument effective aid in; Sept. p. 35, Purse seine-type net hauler, new, developed by Greeks; Jan, p. 51, Research on fishing as reported at World Fishing Gear Congress; May p. 1. Sinkers, fishing, method of attaching; Feb. p. 33. Soviet and U, S, delegations discuss fishing conflicts in northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept. p. 51. Suction-pump fishing in Japan; May p. 65, Oct. p.73. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 GEAR Traps, slat, tested for harvesting fish ponds; Feb, De ails Trawling , deep-water, developed by Soviets; Oct. p. 80. Trawl(s): "Cobb" pelagic type tested for effectiveness in catching winter herring; Jan. p. 22. drum-trawl fishing, new South African vessel equipped for; Sept. p, 95, electrical tests continued by M/V ''Delaware"'; Jan, p. 21. pelagic type development program; Oct. p. 31. shrimp electrical studies continued (M/V “George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 13, Feb. p. 22, Apr. p. 18, July p. 12, shrimp gear fish-catching efficiency compared with that of eastern otter-trawl (M/V "Commando" cruise 11); Nov. p. 46. United Kingdom's research by (Hull) Industrial Development Unit; Aug. p. 87. Unloading fishing vessels, '‘airlift'' pump being devel- oped by Canadians for; Mar, p, 48. World Fishing Gear Congress, second; May p. 1, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) Hearings held on some fishery products preliminary to 1964 negotiations; Feb, p. 89. Twenty-first Session held at Geneva; May p. 41. GEOPHYSICS Earth's gravitation measured by M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert"; Dec. p. 35. GEORGE B, KELEZ Salmon research in North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea; Mar. p, 22. GEORGES BANK Foreign fishing activities on , October 1964; Dec, p. 49, Haddock abundance on holding up despite heav- ier fishing; July p. 23. Northern edge of surveyed by M/V "Albatross Iv" (cruise 64-6); July p. 23. Scallops, sea, population survey on continued by M/V "Albatross IV"; Dec, p. 51. Whiting abundance on holding up despite heav- ier fishing; July p. 23. GEORGIA Bottomfish explorations off continued; Aug. p. 38. Fishery explorations for commercial species off ‘continued by M/V "Silver Bay''; Mar. p. 25. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Atlantic fisheries, fishing fleet planned by for; Dec, p. 93, Research vessel, fishery, participates in joint project with U.S.S.R.; Jan. p. 73. Soviets contract with for trawlers; Dec. p. 94. Tunisian fisheries trade with ; June p. 58. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC "Caviar" plant planned for by Danish fishery firm; May p. 49, 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC (cont.) European Economic Community, tariff quotas on some fishery products granted to by; Apr. p. 40. Factoryships built by West German shipyard for Soviets, specifications of; Feb. p. 84. Fish-gutting machine, new, offered by firm; Nov. p. 83. Fish meal and marine oil industry trends, 1963; Aug. p. 62. Fish reduction method, new, developments on; Mar. p. 53. Marine oils foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 62. Oceanographic research vessel, new, launched in ; Aug. p. 63. Processing plant, fisheries, opened in Danish firm; Oct. p. 55. Promotional materials on fish planned by under OECD; Oct. p. 48. Research vessel, new, ‘Meteor II"; Feb. p. 68. Research vessel ''Walther Herwig" commissioned; July p. 53. Submarine, one-man fiberglass, developed in : Aug. p. 63. edeapetis| oy) GHANA Fisheries trends, third quarter 1963; Feb, p. 68. Fish processing plants, contract with Soviets signed for building; Jan. p. 50. Government control of two private fishing firms in ; Sept. p. 66. Import duty on fish affects Japanese and Russian trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar. p. 54. Imports, fishery, placed under the control of state corporations; Feb. p. 68. Japanese fish exporters affected by duty imposed by ; Jan. p. 58. Japanese trawlers to be exported to ; May p. 61. Landings, fishery, up sharply in 1963; Aug. p. 64. Norwegian fishing vessel construction for and Morocco; June p. 52. Outlook and plans for fishing industry expansion; Aug. p. 63. Purse-seine vessels, two, returned by to Britain have been acquired by Chilean company; June p. 61. Soviet Union, fisheries agreement signed with; Mar. p. 54, Technical fisheries assistance by Soviets; Nov. p. 84. Technical fishery service agreement made With Japan; Oct. p. 57. Trawler, large, built by Japan for ; Dec, p.94. Trawlers, deep-sea, domestic and foreign, fishing out of ports; Jan, p. 50. Trawler, stern, first Norwegian built, launched; Aug. p. 65. Tuna purse seine fleet to be operated off coast of West Africa by Japanese firm; Aug. p. 70. GILL NETS Salmon: catches in monofilament and multifilament > comparison of; Oct. p. 1, Dec. p. 68. Japanese North Pacific fishery uses monofilament ; May p. 61. 1964 Index GRANTS National Science Foundation awards to Mississippi State Gulf Coast Research Laboratory; Aug. p. 34, GREAT BEAR LAKE Canees fishery resources of surveyed; Mar. p. 47. GREAT LAKES Chub, preliminary report on experimental smoking of; Nov. p. 1. Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act: aid under new fisheries law extended to area; Oct. p. 25. fishery failure due to resource disaster in area, determination by Secretary of Interior of; Dec, p. 117. Fishery firms, assistance for economic injury suffered by; Apr. p. 78. Fish meal plant being builtin region; Apr. p.16. Lake Erie: fisheries explorations, May-Nov. 1960; Apr. p. 1. yellow perch landings down sharply in 1964; Nov. . p. 33, Lake Huron, Great Lakes Institute of the University of Toronto establishes new research station on; Aug. p. 58. Lake Michigan: alewife and chub stocks, seasonal distribution and abundance studies of; June p. 15, Dec. p. 40. yellow perch, seasonal distribution and abundance studies of; Dec. p. 40. Lake trout hatchery and planting program in 8 Apr. p. 17. Landings, fisheries; Feb. p. 17, Oct. p. 25. Midwest Federated Fisheries Council organized; May p. 17. Smoked fish processing studies, status report on; Feb, p. 44, Sept. p. 39. Sport fish survey in Michigan p. 20. (Ginn Wisconsin fishery landings, 1963; May p. 39. Yellow perch filleting machine now in operation in ou; Apr. p. 16. waters; July GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR RESEARCH ~ Lake Michigan: alewife and chub stocks, seasonal distribution and abundance studies of (M/V ''Kaho"); May p. 21, June p. 15, Aug. pp. 23, 25, Nov. p. 33, Dec. p.40. trawling investigations in northern area and Green Bay continued; Feb. p. 17. trawling investigations in southern area; May p. 18. yellow perch, seasonal distribution and abundance studies of (M/V ''Kaho''); Nov. p. 33, Dec. p. 40. Lake Superior: fishery explorations by ''M/V Kaho''; Sept. p. 20. lake herring, trawl and lampara seine tested in eastern area for catching; Feb. p. 20. trawling commercial species, more effective methods studied of (M/V ''Kaho"'); Aug, p. 25, Nov. p. 30. GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION Lake trout fishing trends in Lake Superior; Apr. p.45. Meeting, annual, held at Ann Arbor, Mich.; Sept.p.52. Meeting, interim, held in Ottawa; Feb. p. 62. 1964 Index GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Lake Erie yellow perch landings down sharply in 1964; Nov, p. 33. Lake Michigan: chubs and associated species, depth distribution studies continued on (M/V "Cisco" cruise 11); Jan. p. 11. lampricide treatment of tributary streams; Dec. p. 42. Lake Superior: lake trout distribution studies continued (M/V "Siscowet'"' cruise 9); Jan. p. 11. whitefish spawning survey (M/V "'Siscowet" cruise 10); Mar. p. 17. Sea lamprey control in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan; Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 21. GREECE Atlantic exploratory trawling project; Dec. p. 94. Fisheries trends, Jan, 1963; Feb. p. 69. Fishery cooperative, Greek-Turkish, proposed; Jan, p. 38. Fish meal as fish food experiment; July p. 54, Freezer-trawler landings and trends; Feb. p. 69, Mar. p. 54, May p. 51, July p. 53, Aug. p. 65, Nov. p. 84, Dec. p. 94. Landings, fishery, 1962-1963; June p. 40. Pearl culture industry possible; Feb. p. 69. Purse seine-type net hauler, new, developed by ; Jan, p. 51, Sponge fishing, 1963; Feb. p. 69. Trawler, Japanese, sold to Greek firm; Oct. p.72. GREENLAND Faroese Islands fishing rights in Oct. p. 57, Dec. p. 94. Fishing limits, 12-mile, modified to continue cer- tain historic fishing rights of other countries; Nov, p. 84. Halibut fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 85. Ocean catfish fishery, 1963; Nov. p. 87. Salmon, Atlantic, commercial fishery off 5 Dec. p. 82. Shrimp fishery trends, 1963-64; Nov. p, 85. waters; GROSS, GEORGE B. Fishery attache arrives at Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Mar. p. 77. GROUNDFISH Canada's North Pacific resources studied by scientists; Mar. p. 46. Cod and haddock fisheries in Northwest Atlantic, status discussed at ICNAF meeting of; Aug. p. 50. Fillets: import tariff-rate quota for 1964; Apr. p. 78. Tariff Commission hearings on exclusion of from tariff modification; Feb. p. 91. trade-agreement negotiations, reserved by U. S. Tariff Commission from; June p. 64, Icelandic fishermen protest ex-vessel prices; Apr. p. 58. North Atlantic distribution and abundance studies; Feb. p. 36, Apr. p. 23, Nov. p. 44. GUATEMALA Commercial fishery limited in 1963 because of lack of vessels; Mar, p. 55. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 GUATEMALA Shrimp: catch, 1962-1963; June p. 40, Champerico industry trends; May p. 52. fishing investment opportunity; Oct. p. 58. Japanese-Guatemalan fishing venture trends; Jan, p. 51, Oct. p. 58. GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Caribbean coast of Colombia, trawling survey off (M/V "Oregon" cruise 92); Sept. p. 22. Menhaden investigations in the Gulf of Mexico con- tinued (M/V '"'Oregon"); Apr. p. 17, May p. 21, July p. 13. Menhaden off-season population survey (airplane spotting flight 1); Feb. p. 26. Shrimp: gear studies continued (M/V ''George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 13, Feb, p. 22, Apr. p. 18, July p. 12. Gulf of Mexico investigations (M/V "'Oregon"'); Apr. p. 17, May p. 21, July p. 13. royal-red seasonal distribution survey continued (M/V "Oregon" cruise 88); Feb. p. 24. GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Biological studies, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43. Bottomfish: commercial catch sampling, Jan,-Mar, 1964; July p. 18. distribution and abundance in western Gulf, Jan.- Mar, 1964; July p. 18, life histories of Central Gulf fish; Mar. p. 20, July p. 18, Dec. p, 45. Chemistry and sea water laboratory services, Oct.- Dec. 1963; Mar. p. 20. Contract research, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p. 19. Estuarine program; Mar. p. 19, Dec, p. 45. Florida Bay ecology studies; Dec, p. 43. Industrial fishery program, Oct.-Dec. 1963; Mar. p. 20, July p. 18, Dec. p. 45. Oyster, suspended, growth experiments; Mar, p.20. Shrimp: adult and larval seasonal distribution patterns in Aransas Pass, Jan.-Mar, 1964; July p. 16. bait fishery and postlarval abundance surveys; July p. 16, Dec. p. 43. biology program, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43. commercial catch sampling; July p. 16, Dec. p. 44. distribution studies; Jan, p. 14, Feb. p. 27, Apr. p. 19, May pp. 22, 23, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 23, Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45. fishery program, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p, 17. larvae distribution and abundance studies; July p. 15, Dec. p. 43. migrations, growth, and mortality of brown and white; July p. 17, Dec. p. 44. pink: juvenile phase of the life history; July p. 16, Dec. p. 43. larvae abundance and distribution on Tortugas grounds, Jan.-Mar, 1964; July p. 16. marking study on Tortugas grounds; May p. 22. migrations, growth, and mortality, Jan.-Mar. 1964; July p. 15. population dynamics studies; July p, 17, Dec. pp. 43, 44, postlarval abundance in Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters; July p. 17, Dec. p. 44. postlarval occurrence, distribution, and abundance in Vermilion Bay (La.), Jan.-Mar. 1964; Julyp.17. 26 ' COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS (cont.) Western Gulf estuaries, ecology of, Jan.-Mar. 1964; ‘July p. 17. GULF OF ALASKA Japanese exploratory fishing in ; July p. 8. Salmon in , Canada studies; Mar. p. 46. GULF OF GUINEA Bottomfish, Japanese report poor fishing in of; June p. 45. EQUALANT II, research vessel ''Geronimo'' par- ticipates in; Apr. p. 47, July p. 24, Oct. p. 31, Nov. p. 57. Trawling survey in ; Aug. p. 1. GULF OF MEXICO Bottomfish life histories, central ; Dec. p. 45. Coast Guard hearings on lights and fog signals on offshore platforms in the ; May p. 79. Ecology of western estuaries; Mar. p. 19, July p. 17, Dec. p. 45. : Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May p. 34. Shrimp distribution studies in by M/V "Gus Ill"; Jan. p. 14, Feb, p. 27, Apr. p. 19, May pp. 22, 23, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 23, Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45. Soviet fishing activity in and South Atlantic; Aug. p. 38. Storm warning buoys for ; Nov. p. 65. GULF STATES Crab, blue, industry of --an industry in tran- sition; Dec. p. 1. Landings, fisheries, 1962; Feb. p. 28. GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Annual meeting in Brownsville, Tex.; Nov. p. 35. HADDOCK Atlantic, North, collections; June p. 21. Georges Bank, abundance of and whiting hold- ing up despite heavier fishing on; July p. 23. Recipe--baked a la maritimes; June p. 71. Spawning and maturity investigated by M/V ''Alba- tross IV"; June p. 21. HAITI, REPUBLIC OF Explorations, preliminary fishery, off by M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29. HAKE Canned product, Japanese firm experimenting with; Dec. p. 103. Midwater trawl tests in Pacific Coast fishery successful; Aug. p. 23. North Pacific distribution and abundance study; Oct. p. 30, Dec. p. 52. HALIBUT Alaska: Ketchikan ex-vessel prices rise in June; Sept. p.12. Kodiak plant processing operations following earthquake; Nov. p. 17. landings at Ketchikan, first seasonal; July p. 8. Baked surprise; Apr. outside back cover. Barents Sea, Soviets find concentrations in; Oct. p. 80, HALIBUT Bering Sea: catch in Area 3B North Triangle, Mar. 28, 1964; May p. 43. fishing in Area 3B North Triangle ended Oct. 15, 1963; Feb. p. 64. Japanese fishing for abandoned; Sept. p. 11. Greenland fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 85. International Pacific Halibut Commission: fishing restrictions proposed; Aug. p. 49. special meeting held in June 1964; July p. 42. Japan: Bering Sea long-line fishery; Sept. p. 11. Bering Sea Triangle Area, vessels licensed for; May p. 58. : landings and exports, 1958-63; Nov. p. 91. mothership returns; Aug. p. 70. North Pacific: fishery regulations; Jan. p. 75. fishing ended Nov. 30, 1963; Feb. p. 64. fishing in area 3A ended Aug, 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46. fishing season, 1964, for in Area 2 closes; Dec. p. 23. landings, 1964 season to July 20, 1964; Sept. p. 24. migrations of ; Sept. p. 19. quality evaluation of ex-vessel landings continued; Sept. p. 24. quota for Triangle area recommended, reduction of; Jan, p. 41. regulations for 1964; May p. 43. Steaks from Japan not being sold at less than fair value; Feb. p. 91. HANDLING Fish boxed at sea, British report on; Nov. p. 114. HATCHERIES California , fish losses attributed to food prob- lem in; Dec. p. 30. Re-use of water, studies on; Dec. p. 38. Salmon and trout restocking program in Quebec; Dec. p. 88. Shark, dogfish, Washington State firm to process fish feed from; July p. 37. HATCHERY Oregon's Metolius River salmon closes and experimental station opens; Nov. p. 51. HAWAII Earth's gravitation measured by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" in collaboration with University; Dec. p.35. Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May p. 34, Landings, commercial fishery; Feb. p. 29, June p. 16. Oceanic eddies southwest of Islands studied by M/V “Charles H, Gilbert"; Aug. p. 18. Tuna, skipjack, landings; Jan. p. 15, Feb. p. 28, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 19, May p. 23. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPART- MENT OF (also see FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRA- TION; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE) Mississippi River fish kill, finds that the pes- ticide endrin was the cause of; Sept. p. 37. HERBICIDE(S) Milfoil control, conference on; May p. 30. 1964 Index HERRING (also see LAKE HERRING) Alaska: bait fishing at Ketchikan in Jan, 1964; Apr, p. 9. growth and mortality rates analyzed; Apr. p, 10, landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9. oil production during Aug.; Nov. p. 17. roe being readied for shipment to Japan; Aug. p. 13, roe-on-kelp harvest ends in Apr.; July p. 8. southeast area catch moderate; Dec, p. 24. Canada: Bay of Fundy section reopened to seiners; Dec. p. 88. British Columbia landings and products, 1963/64; June p. 37. Denmark: catch forecasts; Apr. p. 53. marketing problems; Apr. p. 53. France establishes minimum price regulations for imports from other EEC countries; Dec, p. 93. Ghana landings down sharply in 1963; Aug, p. 64. "Herring salad" imports dutiable at 20 percent ad valorem; Apr. p. 79. Iceland: fisheries trends as of July 13, 1964; Sept. p. 67. prices; May p. 52, Sept. p. 68, Dec, p. 95. Maine landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 64. Norway: catch, 1964; Dec, p. 108. fisheries trends; May p. 70, June p, 52, north coast, big run off; May p. 69. prices; Dec, p. 109. utilization; Dec. p. 108. winter fishery, 1964; Dec. p. 108. Pelagic trawl tested for effectiveness in catching winter ; Jan, p. 22. Sweden's experimental midwater pair-trawling for large shows promise; Jan, p. 69. HISPANIOLA Explorations, fishery, preliminary, off by M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29. HONDURAS Fisheries trends, first quarter 1964; Aug, p. 65. Investment opportunity in fisheries; Apr. p. 58. HONG KONG Foreign trade in fishery products, 1961 and 1962; Jan, p. 51. ICELAND Exports, fishery, to the Soviet Bloc, 1963; Junep.41. Exports of fishery products; Feb. p. 69, July p, 55, Sept. p. 68, Nov. p. 87. Fishing industry, government passes bill to aid; Apr. p. 58, Fish meal production and exports; May p. 40, Oct. ~ 44, Fish sausages, first, produced in ; Nov. p. 88. Frozen fish to U.S.S.R., sells; May p. 52. Groundfish ex-vessel prices, fishermen protest; Apr, p. 58. Harp and hood seals, ratifies protocol amend- ment concerning; June p. 35, Herring: fisheries trends as of July 13, 1964; Sept. p. 67. prices; May p. 52, Sept. p. 68, Dec. p. 95. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 ICELAND Landings, fishery: principal species; Jan, p, 52, Feb, p. 69, May p.53, June p. 42, July pp. 54, 55, Sept. p. 69, Oct. p.58, Nov, p. 87, Dec. p. 95. utilization; Jan, p, 52, Feb. p, 69, May p. 53, June p. 41, July p. 55, Sept. p. 69, Oct. p. 59, Nov. p. 88, Dec. p. 96. Lobster: exports increased; Nov. p. 88, new type product available; Nov, p. 88. Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, held in Sept. p. 54, Salmon farm, investment opportunity in; Oct. p. 58. Veco et fishing, delivered by British shipyard; July p. 56, 2 IDAHO Federal funds allocated to gram; Sept. p. 18. for fisheries pro- IMPORTS Airborne , U.S., of fishery products; Jan, p.34, Mar, pp. 28, 29, Apr. p. 36, May p. 35, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 65. Canned fish, Norwegian exports of; Mar. p. 66. Danish exports of fishery products to the U. S.; Apr. p. 55, June p. 39, Sept. p. 62, Oct. p. 53, Edible fishery products, processed; Mar. p. 31, Apr. p. 37, May p. 35, June p. 31, July p. 36, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec, p. 66, European Free Trade Association duties on certain fishery products reduced; Apr. p. 40. Fish meal: Peruvian exports by country of destination, Jan,- Sept, 1963; June p. 54, ies ; Jan, p. 18, Feb, pp. 31, 32, Mar. p. 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47,48. U.S. by Customs Districts; Jan, p, 35, Feb. p. 54, Mar, p. 30, Apr. p. 36. Fish solubles, U. S, of; Jan, p. 18, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar. p, 21, Apr. pp. 20, 21, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, 31, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. pp. 47, 48. Groundfish fillet tariff-rate quota for 1964; Apr, p.78. “Herring salad" dutiable at 20 percent ad valorem; Apr. p. 79. Lobster, Iceland's, exports increased; Nov, p. 88. Oysters, frozen, Japanese 1964 pack for export to U. S.; Aug. p. 74. Pet food, Australia begins exporting to the U. S.; Nov. p. 79, Shrimp: Guatemalan exports to United States in 1962; Mar, p. 55, U.S. ; Jan, p. 29, Feb, p. 43, Apr. p, 32, June p.27, Aug. p. 38, Oct, p.37, Nov. p.55, Dec. p. 61. U. 5. from Viet-Nam, 1963; July p. 80, Tuna canned in brine: Japan: eanners and exporters discuss drop in exports to U. S.; Oct. p. 63. export quota and prices, reductions proposed for; Oct, p. 63. export quota to U. S.; Jan. p. 54, exports to U, S. by destination; Aug. p. 67. exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p. 44. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW IMPORTS (cont.) Tuna (cont.): canned in brine (cont.): Japan (cont.): sales to U. S.; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57. AUS SE under quota; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 54, Mar. p. 30, May p. 35, June.p. 64, July p. 36, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63. canned "Tuna with Vegetables" dutiable at 20 percent ad' valorem; Mar. p. 77. frozen: Japan: Atlantic export prices; May p, 56. export market, early Dec. 1963; Feb. p. 71. export quotas for FY 1964; May p. 56. exports to U. S., 1962-1963; Mar. p, 56. export validations to U. S.; Oct. pp. 61, 62. loins, frozen, Japanese export validations to U.S.; Oct. p. 61. U. S. fishery trends by country, 1962; Feb. p. 56. INCOME California fishermen's , 1962; Feb. p. 11. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR(S) Fishermen considered for tax purposes by U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; July p. 88. INDIA Fisheries expansion aided by Cooley Loan; Jan. p.52. Indian Fisheries Institute, Norway to participate in; Sept. p. 87. Landings, fishery, 1962, and foreign trade, 1962/63; Jan. p. 52. Norwegian fisheries development project continued; July p. 56. Oceanographic research program under Internation- al Indian Ocean Expedition; Aug. p. 52, Outboard motors for small fishing vessels, FAO project to supply; July p. 41. Shrimp: Cochin, new processing plant in; May p. 53. Japanese-Indian joint fishing firm concentrates on; Oct. p. 59. Solar stills purify sea water in ; May p. 104, INDIAN OCEAN Explorations by the ''Atlantis II'' in the pleted; Jan. p. 26. Oceanographic survey of » Honolulu Labora- tory vessel finishes first phase of; Jan. p. 25. Plankton studies give clues to -Atlantic Zoo- geographical relations; May p, 14, Tuna; Japan designates transshipment ports in g Dec. p. 99. Japanese mothership in confronted with labor dispute at sea; Sept. p. 74. Soviets participate in fishery; Jan. p. 73. com-=~ INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL Eleventh Session held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dec, p. 73. Fisheries development seminar held by FAO : July p. 39. 1964 Index INDUSTRIAL FISH Gulf of Mexico: commercial catch sampling; July p. 18. distribution and abundance of western Gulf bottom- fish; Mar. p. 20, July p. 18. life histories of central Gulf bottomfish; Mar. p.20, July p. 18, Dec. p. 45, INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Animal and poultry nutrition, fish reduction products use highly regarded in; May p, 23, Animal feed, observations and views on use of in; June p. 17, Aug. p. 28. Animal nutrition, use of p. 17, Aug. p. 28, Dec. p. 47. Fish meal: calcium and phosphorus found entirely available to chickens; Dec. p. 46. Great Lakes region, plant being built in; Apr. p.16. lipids, total, improved rapid method for determin- ing; July p. 1. Maine and Massachusetts, trends in use of in; Feb, p. 30. Maine, raw material for p. 26. ‘Peruvian conference stresses quality; Jan. p. 38. production and exports for selected countries; Mar. p. 35, Apr. p. 42, June p. 35, Sept. p. 49, Oct. p. 44. Texas, trends in use of Fish meal and oil: animal nutrition, views on use in; Dec, p. 47. Fish meal and solubles: U. S. supply; Jan. p. 18, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, Aug. pp. 29, 30, Oct, p.28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. p. 48. Fish meal, oil, and solubles: : U. S. production; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, July p. 19, Aug. pp. 30, 31, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec, p. 48. U. S. production by areas; Jan. p. 16, Feb. p. 31, Mar, p. 21, Apr. p. 20, May p. 24, June p. 18, July p. 19, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 27, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 47. U. S. supply, major indicators for; Jan. p, 18, Feb. p. 31, Apr. p. 21, Aug. pp. 31, 32, Sept. p. 25, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 36, Dec. p. 47. Fish oil: market trends, producers! views on; Sept. p. 26. new uses promoted at annual paint industries show; Jan, p. 15. U. S. production forecast for 1964; Nov. p. 37. U. S. trends in supply, disposition, and prices, 1946-1964; Sept. p. 26. Menhaden catches north of Chesapeake Bay decline; Noy. p. 36. Protein extraction and water purification process may be applied to fish reduction industry; Aug. p. 61. in; May p. 23, June } scarce in; Sept. in; Jan, p. 18. INSPECTION Fees, new, for fishery products Mar. p. 76. New York State accepts USDI . 30. Weights and measures activities in the USDI fishery products standards and program; Oct. p. 8. services; for fish; Apr. 1964 Index INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE (see MIAMI, UNIVERSITY OF) INTERAGENCY BOTULISM RESEARCH COORDINAT- ING COMMITTEE Federal Government formed to coordinate botulism research; Sept. p. 13. INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION Mexico joins » May p. 42. Sixteenth annual meeting held at San Diego, Calif.; May p. 42. Tuna: bluefin tagged by off Mexico is recaptured near Japan; Dec. p. 62. yellowfin, recommends lower 1964 quota for eastern Pacific catch of; May p. 42, INTERCOM Underwater permits skin divers to talk; July jo ats Pe INTERGOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION Panel of Experts on Stability of Fishing Vessels holds first session in London, July 13-17, 1964; Oct. p. 47. INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMIS- SION ‘ Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964; July p. 44, INTERIOR, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE (also see COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE) Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of: Alaska: disaster relief--charter vessel loan regulations; Aug. p. 95. fishery loan office, emergency, opened by f June p, 63, Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act, regulations published on; Dec. p. 118, Great Lakes area, determination by Secretary of of fishery failure due to resource disaster in; Dec, p. 117. resource disaster funds, fishery, regulations announced for use of; Oct. p. 85. whaling licenses on Pacific Coast; June p, 64, Federal aid: funds apportioned to states; Apr. p. 14, Aug. p. 20. Fish and Wildlife Service: tuna, yellowfin, fishing regulations proposed for eastern Pacific; July p. 82. Great Lakes aid under new fisheries law given by 3 Oct. p. 25. Halibut fishery regulations for North Pacific; Jan, p. 75. 5 National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, architects selected by to draw plans for; May p. 27. Oceanography educational grants for 1964 awarded by ; May p, 28. Patent on tracking fish migrations received by ; Aug. p. 39, Pesticides: stringent rules ordered in use on lands adminis- tered by ; Nov. p. 52, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 INTERIOR, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE Pesticides: use endangers commercial fisheries says Secretary of ; June p, 23, Salmon cannery, site of first Pacific Coast plant des- ignated historic landmark; June p, 25. Seal skins: contract negotiations for processing of; Sept. p. 20. proposals for processing, promoting, and selling of; June p. 63, Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of: National Fisheries Center and Aquarium willfeature trained dolphins; Apr. p. 22. research laboratory, new, to be built on University of Rhode Island property; Feb. p, 50. Tuna, canned, industry presents with award for marketing assistance; July p, 34. Whaling regulations amended; Aug, p. 92. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MAN- UFACTURERS Fifth annual conference in Vienna; Oct. p. 45. Peruvian conference stresses quality; Jan, p. 39. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY Radiation control of harmful organisms in foods and animal feeds, recommendations made on; Sept. p. 53, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE NORTH- WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES (see NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTER- NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTH- WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES (see NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTER- NATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC EQUALANT III: Gulf of Guinea fishery-oceanographic studies, re- sults of (M/V "Geronimo" cruise III); Nov. p.57. plans for; Apr. p. 46. researvh vessel ''Geronimo'' makes new discover- ies in Gulf of Guinea; July p. 24, Guinean trawling survey; Aug. p. 1. Gulf of Guinea investigations by research vessel "Geronimo" (cruise 4); Oct. p. 31. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA Convention, new; Aug, p. 51, Nov. p. 68. Meeting, 52nd Statutory, held in Copenhagen; Dec. p. 80. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR THE PROGRESS OF FOOD First congress of p. 45. INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION Explorations by the 'Atlantis II completed; Jan, p. 26, Explorations by the ''Pioneer"; Mar. p. 23. Gulf of Aden investigations; Mar. p. 39. India's oceanographic research program; Aug, p.52. to be held in Paris; Apr. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION (cont.) Oceanography investigations by research vessel "Pioneer" of U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; Sept. p. 33, Research vessel ''Anton Bruun" participation in ; Sept. p. 16. Trawling results of the R/V ''Anton Bruun" in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea; Nov. Suppl. p. 27. INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION (see NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMIS- SION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION (see PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COM- MISSION (see SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL PACIFIC) INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM Fifth meeting to be held Aug, 25-28, 1965, in Hali- fax, Canada; May p. 44. INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUNCIL Shrimp consumption, planned to promote; Sept. p. 56. INTERNATIONAL TRADE Sanitary regulations in in animals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION (see WHALING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERNATIONAL WHALING CONVENTION. (see WHALING CONVENTION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Less-than-carload shipments, approves charge for; Apr. p. 78. INVENTIONS "Bathykymograph'" measures speed and depth of fishing net; Feb. p. 32. ‘Clams, new laboratory holding method for; Aug. p.19. Fish holder patented; Feb. p. 33. Float for fishing line patented; Oct. p. 28. Mechanical fishing vessel unloader being developed; Aug. p. 32. Quick-freezer, multi-immersion; Feb, p. 33. Shrimp head and vein removing tool patented; Nov. p. 37. Sinkers, fishing, method of attaching; Feb. p. 33. Tracking fish migrations, patents awarded on new methods for; Aug, p. 39. INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES AID abstracts available at Department of Commerce field offices; Aug. p. 33. Guatemala shrimp ; Oct. p. 58. Honduras, fisheries in; Apr. p. 58, Icelandic salmon farm; Oct, p. 58. Philippine fishing industry; Aug. p. 32. 1964 Index IRAN Fishery trends and developments; Aug. p. 66. Fishing industry, status of, 1963; Jan. p. 53. Soviet-Irano Agreement for Economic and Technical Cooperation; Jan, p. 53. IRELAND Fishing company, new, aided by Japanese and French interests; Feb. p. 70. Fishing industry surveyed by U. S. fishery scientists; Sept. p. 69. Fish meal factory planned for east coast; Nov. p.88. Scallop grounds discovered; Aug, p. 66. Trawling base in , joint Japanese-[rish-French; Mar, p. 55. Trout farming expanded; Apr. p. 59. United States- cooperation in joint fisheries projects; May p. 46. United States team begins fisheries survey; Aug. p. 67, IRRADIATION PRESERVATION Fillets, irradiated, and fresh controls, comparative tests made of; Jan. p. 19. Food preservation by irradiation studied for com- mercial implications; June p. 24, Food, radiation and; June p. 89. Irradiator for fishery products in Massachusetts nears completion; Oct. p. 35. Irradiator installed aboard M/V "Delaware" for of fish at sea; Aug, p. 33, Oily fish preliminary tests indicate flavor and stor- age problems; Feb. p. 33. Packaging materials for foods preserved by 5 Food and Drug Administration issues new food additive regulation concerning; Oct. p. 84. Packaging requirements for fishery products pre- served by ; Oct. p. 34. Radiation control of harmful organisms in foods and animal feeds, recommendations made on; Sept. p. 53. ISRAEL Fisheries development; June p. 42. Fishing fleet, 1963; June p. 42. Freezer-trawler operations expanded; Apr. p. 59. ITALY Atlantic fishing fleet, 1964; Dec. p. 96. Atlantic fishing grounds off Argentina worked by Italian freezer-trawlers; May p. 46. European Economic Community tariff quotas on some fishery products granted to ; Apr. p.40. Fish consumption; Dec. p. 97. Gulf of Aden tuna explorations, 1963; Mar. p. 40. Import curbs being studied; May p. 59. Marine oils, foreign trade in, 1962-1963; Oct. p.60. Taiwan and to sign fishery agreement; Nov. p. 112. Tuna: canned product, Japan proposes to participate in promotion program of; May p. 55. expansion of operations planned; May p. 54. fresh and frozen import quota for 1963 increased; Feb, p. 71. frozen: import quota, no increase in; May p. 55. Japanese product, prices paid for; May p, 54. Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55. 1964 Index ITALY (cont.) Tuna (cont,): frozen (cont.): Japanese sales to improving; Oct, p. 59. Japanese sales to slow in June; Sept, p.72. industry trends; May p. 54. Japanese-Italian joint venture; May p, 54, Oct. p. 59. tagging of young bluefin and albacore initiated in Sicily; May p. 55, Tunisia detains Italian fishing vessels; Jan, p. 70. Vessels for Korea, Italian- French contract to build fishing; Apr. p. 62, Dec. p. 105. Vessels: freezer-trawlers, new, for Atlantic fishing fleet; Dec, p. 96, tuna clippers, new, for Atlantic fishing fleet; Dec. p. 96. IVORY COAST Fishery Attache George B. Gross arrives at new post in Abidjan; Mar. p. 77. Fishery development in Sardine fishery, new development in; Sept. p. 70. U.S. fishery attache program in ; Nov. p. 29. JAMES RIVER Oyster MSX disease, developments reported by scientists on; Sept. p. 36, JAPAN Alaska: earthquake victims, Fisheries Association con- tributes money to; June p. 48, fishing activity of herring roe being readied for shipment to 5 Aug. p. 13, shrimp fishery north of Pribilof Islands; July p.8. shrimp fishing activity by during June off; Sept. p. 10. Alaska, Gulf of: exploratory fishing by in; July p. 8. fishing effort by scheduled to end Oct, 1963; Feb. p. 10, fish-meal fishery by during June; Sept. p.11. king crab fishing activity by during June; Sept. p. 11. shrimp vessel and trawlers operate off Pribilof Islands; Mar. p.8. trawlers, more, to fish in; Dec. p. 100, whaling activity by during June; Sept. p. 11. Aluminum fish hold for fishing vessel; Dec, p. 102, American Samoa: Japan External Trade Promotion Organization assigns agent in; Dec. p. 103, Japanese fishing firm to charge handling fee for deliveries to; Aug, p. 14. Angola, fish-freezing operations planned by off; Mar, p. 61. Atlantic, northwest, experimental trawl operations by in; Oct. p. 70. Atlantic trawl-caught fish, freezership returns with; Nov, p. 94, Atlantic trawl fish to transport; May p. 64, Atlantic trawl fishery; Nov, p. 94, Atlantic trawl landings, 1963; Aug. p. 72. Australian fishing gear, damage to, takes measures to stop; Jan, p. 43. , freezer carriers to , plans for; Oct, p.60. off; Nov. p. 16, Dec. p.22. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 JAPAN Australian tuna, frozen, direct exports restricted from in 1963 of; July p. 46. Bering Sea: shrimp factoryship also fishes for herring and Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9, shrimp factoryship and stern trawlers active in Feb, 1964; May p. 12, vessel departures for; July p. 63, Bering Sea, eastern: bottomfish areas for motherships for 1964; Mar, p. 58. fishing activities; Apr. p. 9, Aug. pp. 10, 11, Oct. p. 12. halibut long-line fishery in June; Sept. p. 11. halibut long-line fishing by abandoned; Sept. Baotis long-line fishery moves nearer Pribilof Islands; July p. 8, "Black Current" or Kuroshio, international investi- gation planned of; Feb, p. 65, Bottom fish: Aleutian Islands, western, in fall 1964, long-line fleets plan to fish south of; May p. 60. Atlantic resources to be surveyed by Oct, pe, tO: Bering Sea, eastern: catch, 1964; Dec. p. 100, fishing fleets for 1964 announced; May p, 59, fishing grounds, six motherships departed in Apr, for; May p. 58. mothership fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76, Nov. p. 94, vessel operations for 1964 approved for; Apr, p. 61. Gulf of Guinea, poor fishing reported in; June p.45, New Zealand: licensing of operations off; Nov, p. 95. longer trip doubles catch for trawlers in waters off; Nov. p. 95. long-line fishery off; Mar. p. 63, May p. 60. North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in; Oct. p, 68. Bristol Bay: king crab: factoryships begin fishing season earlier than year ago; June p. 9. fleet of in; July p. 7. Canada- ministerial conference convenes in Tokyo, Sept. 4, 1964; Oct. p. 72. Canadian-Japanese joint fishery base proposed; May p. 47, Aug. p. 72. Canned fish export target, fiscal year 1964; June . 44, Cornaianat China-Japan fisheries agreement; Jan, p. 61. Crab: coastal waters, new fishery developed in; Sept. p.76. North Pacific, status of mothership fisheries in; Oct. p. 69. king: : Bering Sea, eastern, two motherships issued li- censes for 1964 operations in; May p. 59. Bristol Bay, fishing improves in; Aug, p. 72. Bristol Bay operations; Nov. p. 94, canned: exports, fiscal year 1963; Aug, p. 72. pack from Bristol Bay, Okhotsk Sea, and Olyutor Sea, 1956-1963; Aug. p. 72. 32 -COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW JAPAN (cont.) Crab (cont.): king (cont.): Chilean- proposed venture, developments on; Sept. p. 60. tangle nets, polypropelene, to be used in fishery; May p. 62. U.S.S.R. fisheries negotiations with con- cluded; July p. 42. awe Cuba: imports of fishery products from 1964; Sept. p. 60. tuna, frozen, exports by to; July p. 51. Export controls, status of voluntary fishery, FY 1964; Nov. p. 96. Exporters, fish, affected by duty imposed by Ghana; Jan, p. 58, Exports of fishery products, Apr.-Sept. 1963; Mar. p. 62. Export targets for fishery and aquatic products, fiscal year 1964; May p. 57, Aug. p. 68. Factoryships, eight, to be built for U.S.S.R.; Nov. p. 97. FAO Council, 43rd, views on; Dec. p. 103. Fisheries Agency budget for fiscal year 1965; Oct. p. 71. Fisheries census, 1963; June p. 47. Fisheries management program, long-rane, planned; Jan, p. 59. Fisheries mission scheduled to visit U. 5S. and Can- ada; June p. 48. Fishery production in 1963; Sept. p. 78. Fishing gear and catch loss compensation being studied; June p. 47. Fishing limits, Japanese-Canadian talks planned on; July p. 67. Fishing port, new, in Osaka Prefecture; Sept. p.79. Fish meal and solubles used in mixed feed, 1958- 1963; Sept. p. 80. Fish meal; association organized; Nov. p. 96. Bering Sea, eastern, operation planned in; Mar. p. 60. Bering Sea operations; June p. 48. Bering Sea production, 1964; Dec. p. 101. imports from Peru approved; Apr. p. 61. imports, Government allots funds for; Jan, p. 58. prices; Aug, p. 74. South Africa to export to ; July p. 67. Fish sausage production, fiscal year 1963; June p. 49, July p. 66. Freezership departs for Las Palmas to process bottomfish; July p. 64. Frozen fish sales promotion planned; July p. 65, Sept. p. 80. Gear fishing and catch compensation law revised; Oct. p. 71. Ghana's import duty on fish affects and Russian trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar. p. 54. Hake, canned, firm experimenting with; Dec. p. 103. Halibut: Bering Sea catch in Area 3B North Triangle, Mar. 28, 1964; May p. 43. Bering Sea Triangle Area, vessels licensed for; May p. 58. landings and exports, 1958-63; Nov. p. 91. mothership returns to ; Aug. p. 70. steaks from not being sold in U. 5S. at less than fair value; Feb. p. 91. , Jan,-Apr. 1964 Index - JAPAN Imports from South Korea, additional foreign curren- cy for; July p. 64, Oct. p. 72. Irish fishing company, new, ests to aid; Feb, p. 70. Kelp fishery agreement with Soviet Union; July p.67, Oct. p. 72. Se ba tn fisheries talks; May p. 65, Dec. p. 104, Long-line gear, new, tested off West African Coast; Feb. p. 73. Long-lining, experimental, along Western Aleutians, program being studied for; May p. 60. ; Mackerel, canned, exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57. Malaysian trawling permits sought by joint Japanese- Malaysian interests; Feb. p. 76. Marine oil exports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 75. Marine oil imports, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 75. Marine oil production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49. Marine oil supply and disposition, 1962-1963 and 1964 forecast; Aug. p. 74, Marlin tagged by United States recovered in eastern . Pacific by Japanese long-line vessels; Sept. p. 41. Mexico, fishing company executive expected to visit; Dec, p. 104, ‘ Mussels, freshwater, commercial quality pearls pro- duced from; Jan. p. 59. North Pacific Fisheries Convention negotiations, fishing industry position on; Nov. p. 67. North Pacific Fisheries Convention talks, press reaction to; Nov. p. 68. North Pacific Fur Seal Convention Protocol amend- ing interim convention on conservation of fur seals ratified by ; July p. 42, North Pacific Ocean, eastern: ~ trawler operations; Mar. p. 60, May p. 58. Northwest Atlantic: firm withdraws trawler factoryship from; Dec. and French inter- p. 101. licensing more vessels to operate in; May p. 63. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention, to join; July p. 64, Nov. p. 95. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission eighth annual conference, progress on; June p. 35. Oceanographic stations, unmanned, to be set up off coast; Feb. p. 75. Oceanographic vessel, new, delivered; Apr. p. 62. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel- opment; Aug. p. 53, Oct. p. 72. Overseas-based fisheries status for 1963 to be studied; Sept. p. 79. Oysters: frozen, 1964 pack for export to U. S.; Aug. p. 74. raft culture; Aug. p. 103. Purse seines, fishing firm granted license to fish off Africa with; Dec. p. 98. Refueling vessels at sea, Tuna Federation hopes to continue; Jan, p. 56. Rumania orders another stern trawler from 5 Apr. p. 72. Salmon: Alaska: handling and processing aboard vessels of Prince William Sound fish; Nov. p. 15. purchases as of Aug. 7, 1964, from; Oct. p. 68. sale postponement requested; Dec. p. 100. sale to completed; Oct. pp. 67, 68. 1964 Index JAPAN (cont,) Salmon (cont.): canned; Australia, sold to; June p. 44, export prices; Dec, p. 100. Great Britain, sold to; Dec. p. 100. pack of land-based canners down; Sept. p. 75. pink: Canadian market trends, view on; July p. 62, export prices; Aug, p. 70. catch by mothership fleets; Aug, p. 71. catch for North Pacific Area B expected to be at record low; Sept. p. 75. chum ex-dock price; Dec. p. 100. factoryship, new, to be built by fishing firm; Apr. p. 61. fishermen request tuna fishing licenses; Aug. p.71. gill nets, monofilament, used in North Pacific fishery; May p. 61. hatchery facilities, plans call for doubling; Feb. p. 75. Hokkaido canners hard hit by poor catch; Sept. p. 75. mothership fishery for 1964 closes with catches slightly under target; Oct. p. 69, North Pacific: catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75. mothership fisheries find poor fishing in; Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 68. mothership prices; Aug. p. 70. U.S.S.R., negotiation with concluded; July pp. 42, 62. pink: Hokkaido packers begin packing; Aug. p. 71. mothership firms to consign sales of Alaskan fish to land-based Packers Association; Nov. p. 91. prices adjusted for North Pacific mothership fish; Oct. p. 69, prices negotiated with vessel owners; July p. 61. prices paid in for first landings, May 1964; July p. 61. quota, fishery, allotment and fleet composition; July p. 62, Soviet Pacific hatcheries and fisheries described by Japanese scientists; July p. 75. U.S.S.R. fisheries negotiations with con- cluded; July pp. 42, 62. Sardines, canned: exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan, p. 57. market for; Jan, p. 54. Saury: canned: exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57. exports for Aug, 1963-June 1964 and estimates for following business year; Oct. p. 70. Hokkaido canners sign advance purchase agree- ment with fishermen's association; Nov. p. 96, landings down sharply in 1963; Jan, p. 57. production and export trends, late Nov, 1963; Feb. p. 75. Sea bream, council formed of long-liners fishing off New Zealand; Dec, p. 103, Shrimp: Bering Sea: mothership fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76. canned exports to Great Britain; Dec. p. 103, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES 33 JAPAN Shrimp: oe joint venture in Australia considered; Nov. p. 76, frozen: inventory, high, traders concerned over; Jan, p. 58, market in ; May p. 62. Guatemalan- joint operations; Jan, p. 51, Oct. p. 58, imports from Viet-Nam up in 1963; July p. 80. import trends; Aug. p. 74. Indian-Japanese joint fishing firm concentrates on shrimp; Oct. p. 59. Mexican (Guaymas) fishing cooperatives, proposes joint venture with; May p, 65. trawler-cannery, stern, built for fishery in North Pacific; Sept. p. 77. vessels, four new, delivered by Texas shipyard to Japanese firm in Surinam; June p. 58, South Africa, new stern trawler to fish off; May p.63, Spanish trawl-caught fish imported by firm; Mar, p. 62. Suction pump fishing; May p. 65, Oct, p. 73. Surinam,shrimp fishing operations by in; Oct. p. 79. Swordfish, Japanese to fish in Northwest Atlantic for; Oct. p. 70. Tanganyika fishery resources surveyed by ; Apr. p. 73. Technical fishery service agreement made with Ghana; Oct. p. 57. Territorial waters, U. S., views by on new law prohibiting fishing in; Nov, p. 91. Trawler(s): Communist China hopes to purchase large ones from ; Sept. p. 60, distant-water licenses approved; Feb, p. 74, Ghana builds large one in ; Dec, p. 94, Ghana to import from ; May p. 61. Greek firm buys from Oct paz. Okinawans for manning, use of; Dec, p. 102. stern trawler(s): African waters, new one built for; Dec. p. 102. Bering Sea fishing by; Dec. p. 101. Bering Sea operations, one built for; July p. 65. large ones completed; July p. 64, operations by ; May p. 60. Rumania has one built in ; May p. 62, July . 65, Beclemeetic orders two freezer-type from ; Mar. p. 67, West African fishing grounds to be explored by; July p. 65, Trawling: Atlantic fishery; Feb. p. 74, Sept. p. 77. Atlantic fleet; July p. 63. Atlantic fleet, refrigerated carriers being built for; Sept. p. 77. Atlantic, northwest, explorations continued; Nov. . 95. Ailantic operations, new firm plans; Jan. p. 59. distant-water fisheries, future of; Mar. p. 60. Ireland base, joint Japanese-Irish-French; Mar. p. 55. Tuna: albacore: Atlantic Ocean and market trends, fishery in; Dec, p. 98. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW JAPAN (cont.) Tuna (cont.): albacore (cont.): Atlantic ocean catch improving; Oct. p. 64. attracting deep-swimming fish to surface, Uni- versity's study of; Dec. p. 99. export prices; Nov. p. 89, prices ex-vessel still high in June 1964; Sept. p. 71. price trends ex-vessel, Nov.-Dec. 1963; Feb. p. 72. summer fishery; July p. 59, Sept. p. 71. summer fishery and export trends; Aug. p. 69. Yaizu landings; June p. 45, American Samoa; base, Japanese fishery official's view on; July p. 98. Japanese Government issues special permit to land Fiji Islands tuna at; May p. 13. Japanese negotiate prices with U. 5. packers in; July p. 57. prices, ex-vessel; Aug. p. 14. vessels of in difficulty; Jan. p. 56, Atlantic Ocean: conservation proposals advanced at FAO-spon- sored meeting, views on; Jan, p. 56, firm to operate purse-seine fleet in; Aug. p. 70. fishery, Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 89. fishery trends, 1957-1964; Oct. p. 65, fishing trends; Aug. p. 70. Government of to explore in; Oct. p. 65. mothership, company applies to operate; Jan. p. 55. behavior near driftwood studied; Sept. p. 73. bid-eyed European market reported soft; July p. 57. bluefin prices ex-vessel in northern ; Dec, p. 99. British- Oct. p. 957. canned: ; canners developing domestic sales; Apr. p. 60. export quota and prices, reductions proposed for; Oct. p. 63. exports, Dec. 1963 and year 1963; May p. 56. exports, Jan.-Oct. 1963; Apr. p. 60. exports to U. S., canners and exporters discuss drop in; Oct. p. 63. Italian promotion program, participate in; May p. 55, Japan Tuna Packers Association members pack bulk; Aug. p. 68. market trends; July p. 60, Aug. p. 68. market trends, Japanese comment on; Mar. p.57. new type product developed; Feb. p. 71. promotion in U.S.; Mar. p. 57. sales, slow, studied by packers and ex- porters; Oct. p. 64. specialty products, exports of; Aug. p. 68. canned in brine: export quota to U. S.; Jan. p. 54. exports to U. S. by destination; Aug. p. 67. exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p, 44. U.S. sales; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57, May p. 56, Aug. p. 67. whitemeat, standard prices established for; Aug. p. 67. joint base in Fiji Islands completed; proposes to 1964 Index JAPAN Tuna: canned in oil: ee Jan, p. 54, Mar. p. 57, May p. 57, June p. 43. prices for export to Canada, 1964; Oct. p. 64, Cape Verde Islands: agreement signed for joint venture in; July p. 58. Japanese base to be constructed on; May p. 48. landings good at; Oct, p. 66. Ceylon requests loan from June p. 38. . Chile seeks joint enterprise with ; May p.48. Cook Islands cannery, plan rejected for; Jan, p.48. Costa Rica transshipment base planned; Apr. p. 61. delegation to U. S. being considered; July p. 60. Durban, South Africa, transshipment operations at; Feb. p. 73. exporters adopt program for fiscal year 1964; June p. 45. exporters seeking more trade with Spain and Cuba; Sept. p. 72. export quota allocation planned for overseas bases; May p. 57. exports of frozen and canned, value of, Jan.-Sept. 1963; Feb. p. 71. Fiji Islands base completion delayed; July p. 59. fresh prices high in Tokyo market; Mar. p. 57. frozen: : Atlantic export prices; May p. 56. Atlantic fish exports, Jan.-June 1964; Oct. p. 62. Denmark contracts to import from ; Feb. p. 72. export market trends; Jan, p. 55, Feb. pp. 71,72. export prices; Jan. p. 54, Mar. pp. 55, 56, Dec. p. 97. export quota for U. S.; May p. 56. export quotas for FY 1964; May p. 56. export regulations, new, planned; Feb. p. 72. exports; May p. 56, June pp. 42, 43. exports to Cuba from increasing; Sept. p. 72. exports to Europe and Africa; Apr. p. 59. exports to U. S., 1962-1963; Mar. p. 56. exports to Yugoslavia; Mar, p. 56. export validations to U. S.; Sept. p. 71, Oct. pp. 61, 62, Dec. p. 97. Italy: Japanese product, prices paid for; May p. 54, Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55. sales improving; Oct. p. 59. sales slow in June 1964; Sept. p. 72. levy reduced by Japan Frozen Tuna Sales Com- pany; June p. 45. sales to U. S. continued slow, July-Aug. 1964; Novy. p. 89. Indian Ocean mothership confronted with labor dis- pute at sea; Sept. p. 74. Indian Ocean transshipment ports designated; Dec. p. 99. industry organizations seek to improve their man- agement; May p. 57. Italian-Japanese joint venture; May p. 54, Oct, . 09. icoudes fishing, decline in value; Sept. p. 73, Nov. p. 90. long-line catch, 1963; Dec. p. 99, long-line crews, fishing company to fly replace- ments for; Sept, p. 73. to start fishery; 1964 Index JAPAN (cont.) Tuna (cont.): long-line exploratory cruise in Eastern Tropical Pacific aids U. S. shark study; July p. 61. long-line industry in studied by Australian mission; Apr. p. 50. long-liners refuel at sea by tanker; Sept. p. 74. Malaysian fishing base, shore facilities improved at; Jan, p. 55, mothership crew dismissed for disturbance aboard; Oct. p. 67. mothership regulations for two fishing companies changed by Government; July p. 58. New Caledonia: Japanese to expand fishing base in; Jan, p, 64. Noumea base, fishing firm withdraws from; Oct. p. 73. vessels, more, move to area; Apr, p, 61. North Pacific offshore fishery, new; June p. 46, offshore fishery, new, number of small vessels to fish in; Mar, p, 62. overseas base council under study, establishment of; Sept. p. 72. overseas base operators urged by Government to organize; June p. 46. overseas bases, regulations revised for; June p. 45, Pacific: eastern area resources to be surveyed by re- search vessel; Nov. p. 89. equatorial fishing trends, Nov. 1963; Feb. p. 73. mothership operations in south; June p. 47, Aug. p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p. 66, Dec. p. 98. mothership returns from eastern area; May p. 58, purse-seining experiment unsuccessful in south; July p. 59. Penang bases operate at a loss; Aug. p. 69, portable-boat mothership fishery; June p, 46. purse seiners on trial runs, two new; Oct. p, 67. research council to be formed; Oct. p. 66, resource management problems confronting fish- ing industry, study of; Nov, p. 90, Ryukyu Government seeks changes in fisheries agreement with ; Dec, p. 111. Saint Martin, Netherlands West Indies, base; May p. 69, Aug. p. 81. skipjack: Marianas, good fishing near; June p, 46. Philippines, test purse-seining proposed off; May p. 61, pole-and-line fishery being studied by major fishing firms; Sept. p. 73. specialty products exports, FY 1963; July p. 60, Tahiti and Fiji, motherships sail for; June p, 46. Tahitian waters, mothership departs for; July p. 59, transshipment base at Port Louis, Mauritius Is- land; Mar, p. 64. U.S.S.R., Japanese shipyard launches first of five factory-motherships ordered by; May p. 61. vessels recover driftwood released by them; Nov. p. 91. vessel refueling at sea; May p. 63, July p. 59. vessels, efficiency study of; May p. 63. vessels, fishing, small, Government stops appli- cations for permits to construct; Feb. p. 73. West African Coast, negotiates with Portu- guese firm for base Off; Sept. p. 72. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 JAPAN Tuna: yellowfin: export market trends; Apr. p. 59. export prices; Nov. p. 89, Yugoslav market to be surveyed by ; Oct. p. 81, rere Turtles, two new firms established in Costa Rica may have Japanese participation to fish for; Dec, p. 90, U.S.S.R.- fisheries conference opened in Mos- cow on Mar, 2, 1964; May p. 43. U.S, fishery a ache program in U. S. imports of fishery products from Feb, p. 56, U. S. law on fishing in territorial waters, Japanese reaction to; Aug. p. 73. United States visited by fishery observers; Sept. p. 37. Vessel exports, South Korea asks Sept. p. 74. Vessel, research, Fisheries Agency to build large; Nov. p. 98. Vessels, fishing: construction loan program; May p, 64, June p, 48. construction permits; Feb. p. 73, Mar. pp. 62, 63, May p. 64, June p. 48, July p. 65, Sept. p. 78, Nov. p. 97. high speed engines recommended; Mar, p, 63, Vessels, Soviet, being built in ; Apr. p. 73.. West Africa, fishery developments in; Apr, p. 61. Whale meat: Chilean-Japanese sales agreement approved; Nov, p. 97. production, 1962/63 season; Mar, p, 61. Whale « 11: baleen sales by whaling firms; Mar, p, 61. export targets; June p. 46, production, 1962/63 season; Mar, p, 61. Whalers, Japanese, begin operations for Chilean firm; June p, 38, Whaling: Antarctic: catch and products produced, 1963/64; Sept, p.80. fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar. p, 38, fleet operations; May p. 62. fleets look for better oil market in 1963/64; Jan, p. 60, industry trends; May p. 62. production targets and composition of 1963/64 fleets; Jan p, 59. Brazil: consolidation of operations being studied by two fishing firms; Apr. p. 62. joint enterprise to continue operations; June p.37. operations; May p. 62, Oct. p. 52, catcher vessels off Chile, licenses issued to oper- ate two; Mar, p. 62, Ecuadoran operation; May p, 62. foreign-based operations studied, establishment of; Mar, p. 61, Mexican-Japanese joint venture proposed; Nov. p. 102. Netherlands factoryship, purchase of; Apr. pp. 62, 66, Aug. p. 76, Oct. pp. 72, 73. South America bases to be surveyed by whaling firm; Apr, p. 62. South Georgia Island base, fishing company plans to close; May p. 63, ; Nov. p. 29. , 1962; to liberalize; 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW JAPAN (cont.) Yellowtail, frozen, firm files application to import from Mexico; May p. 63. JORDAN Landings, fishery, drop in 1963; May p. 65. KELP Mexican Baja California fishery; June p. 50. Food additive regulation, new, concerning as a source of iodine in foods for special dietary use; duly p. 81. Japan-U.5S.5S.R. Oct. p. 72. fishery agreement; July p.67, KEY WEST-TORTUGAS Shrimp gear studies continued on by M/V "George M. Bowers"; Apr. p. 18. KOREA, REPUBLIC OF FAO to build fishery training center in p. 71. Fishery loans, private, Government guarantees payment of three; Jan. p. 61. Fisheries trends, third quarter 1964; Dec. p.104. Fish market center, new, dedicated at Pusan; Jan. p. 62, Japan allots US$1 million for imports from 5 July p. 67. Japanese-Korean fisheries conference; May p. 65, Dec. p. 104, Kuroshio Current, to participate in interna- tional study of; Dec. p. 104. Shrimp farming; Dec. p. 104. Tuna vessel launched; June p. 49. Tuna vessels, negotiations for additional; Sept.p.82. Vessel, freezer, launched at Netherlands shipyard for ; Nov. p. 98. Vessels, fishing: factoryship, British freezing equipment ordered for; Apr. p. 76. Italian-French contract modified to build; Apr. p. 62. 4 specifications of fleet ordered from France; Dec, p. 105. ; Nov. KUROSHIO CURRENT International investigation planned of Japanese g Feb, p. 65. KUWAIT Shrimp: Mexico builds vessels for fishery; Aug. p.76. Norwegian shipyards to build vessels for 8 July p. 72. LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Division: shellfish processing industry to be surveyed again; Mar, p. 77. wage discrimination on account of sex, new reg- ulations prohibit; Aug. p. 97. LAKE ERIE Fisheries explorations, May-Nov. 1960; Apr. p. 1. Ohio commercial fishery landings 1963; July p. 27. Shellfish in may have commercial value; Jan. p. 28. 1964 Index LAKE ERIE Smelt trawling explorations in » May-Nov, 1960; Apr. p. 1. Yellow perch landings in down sharply in 1964; Nov. p. 33. Yellow pike commercial landings increase predicted; Mar. p. 34. LAKE HERRING (also see HERRING) Lake Superior, eastern, trawl and lampara seine tested by R/V ''Kaho"' for catching in; Feb. p. 20. LAKE HURON Research station, new, on ; Aug. p. 58. LAKE MICHIGAN Alewife and chub stocks in , seasonal distribu- tion and abundance studies continued; June p. 15, Aug. p. 23. Alewife, chub, and yellow perch, seasonal distribu- tion and abundance studies of; Nov. p. 33, Dec. p.40. Chub depth distribution studies in continued; Jan, p. 11. Lamprey, sea: chemical treatment of streams in being con- tinued; Sept. p. 53. control in and Lake Superior; Aug. p. 28. Lampricide treatment of streams tributary to 3 Dec. p. 42. Trawling investigations in northern and Green Bay continued by R/V ''Kaho''; Feb. p. 17. Trawling investigations in southern by M/V. "Kaho"; May p. 18. Water research contract awarded by U. S. Public Health Service; Apr. p. 17. LAKE SUPERIOR Area Redevelopment Administration technical assist- ance project, commercial fishing industry to be aided by; May p. 78. Lake herring, trawl and lampara seine tested in eastern for catching; Feb. p. 20. Lake trout: distribution of spawning fish in tinued on; Jan. p. 11. fishing trends; Apr. p. 45. increase in size and abundance of marketable fish in 1963; Sept. p. 53. population in improved; Feb. p. 63. Lamprey, sea, control in and Lake Michigan; Aug. p. 28. Schedule of fishery explorations in by M/V "Kaho!"; Sept. p. 20. bog ¥ Trawling of commercial species in , studies continued by M/V ''Kaho" on; Aug. p. 25, Nov. p. 30. Whitefish spawning survey in western by "Siscowet'; Mar. p. 17. , Studies con- LAKE TROUT Canadian fishery resources at Great Bear Lake surveyed; Mar. p. 47. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, rehabilitation program discussed at interim meeting of; Feb. p. 63. Great Lakes hatchery and planting program; Apr. p. 17. Lake Superior: distribution studies continued; Jan. p. 11. 1964 Index LAKE TROUT (cont.) Lake Superior (cont.): fishing trends; Apr. p. 45. hatchery-reared planted in 1963, increased number of; Sept. p. 53, marketable in 1963, increase in size and abundance of; Sept. p. 53. Michigan: stocking program continued in fall 1963; Jan, p.20. stocks increase due to research; Feb, p. 35. LAMPREY, SEA Great Lakes: control in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan; Aug. p. 28. control of ; Feb. p. 62, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p.21. larger catch in early 1964 than previous years; Sept. p. 21. Great Lakes Fishery Commission: control program discussed at meeting of; Feb, p. 62. eradication discussed at Ottawa meeting; Feb. p.62. Lake Huron streams located for possible future chemical treatment; Sept. p. 52. Lake Michigan: chemical treatment of streams continued; Sept. - p. 53, lampricide treatment of tributary streams; Dec.p.42. Lake Superior barrier catches continued low in 1963; Sept. p. 52. LAMPRICIDE Lake Michigan, treatment with tributary to; Dec, p. 42. of streams LANDINGS Great Lakes fisheries , 1962; Feb, p. 17. Hawaiian commercial fishery , July-June 1962/63 and 1961/62; Feb. p. 29. New England fisheries, 1962; Jan. p. 21. U. S. commercial fishery ; Jan, p. 31, Apr. p. 33, Oct. p. 38, Nov. p. 58, Dec. p. 63. LATIN AMERICA Fish processing equipment, Canadian trade mis- sion explores market for; May p. 47. LATVIA Salmon farming in ; Apr. p. 74, LAW OF THE SEA Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention: Dominican Republic ratifies; Nov. p. 70. enters into force; Oct. p. 49. Third International Conference recommended by American Bar Association group; Dec. p. 39. LIBERIA Fishing company, new, expected to increase land- ings and consumption; Jan, p. 63, Fishing industry undergoing modern expansion; Sept. p. 82. Freezing broadens market for fish; Jan. p.62. LICENSE(S) Australian fisheries, July p. 45. regulations affecting; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 LIPIDS Fish meal, improved rapid method for determining total in; July p. 1. LIQUID NITROGEN Freeze fish, use of to; Nov, p. 30. LOAN(S) Korean Republic guarantees payment of three ; Jan, p. 61. Moroccan government, canned sardine receive renewed partial guarantee from; Nov. p. 103. NFI Convention, aid to U, S, fishing industry pro- posed at; June p. 19. Portugal's fund to renovate fishing fleet; June p. 57, Small Business Administration: disaster for hurricane-damaged areas; Dec. p. 125. disaster to Alaska firms in earthquake area; Aug. p. 97. New England commercial fisheries, to firms in; Oct. p. 86, Dec. p. 125. United Kingdom fishery interest rates revised; Jan, p. 71, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 75. LOBSTER(S) Canada's North Atlantic industry; Mar, p. 43. Iceland: exports increased; Nov, p. 88. new type product available; Nov. p. 88. Maine resource,:supply, sustained yield, and manage- ment of; Nov. Suppl. p. 19 Spiny: air shipment of anesthetized live by Australian exporters; May p. 46. _ Australia: catch increases in fiscal year 1962/63; Sept.p.57. tagging project; July p. 46. Brazil, landings and export trends in; Feb, p. 67. Costa Rica's fishery; Dec. p. 90. Ecuador's industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 66. Mexico's Baja California fishery; June p. 50. New Zealand, small size exports banned in; May p. 69. Nicaragua fishing regulations established; Feb. p. 77. Panama: exploratory fishing project concluded; Feb. p78. fishery trends; Sept. p. 89. South Africa fishing regulations amended; Sept. p. 93. Tagging, population studies aided by new method of; Oct. p. 28. considered LONG ISLAND Striped bass tag returns sought from program; Feb. p. 51. marking LOUISIANA Crab fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38 Fish kills investigated by Public Health Service; Jan, p. 74, Sept. p. 18. Landings, fishery, 1963; Nov. p. 37. Menhaden fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 39. Oyster fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38. Shrimp fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 37. 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW LUXEMBOURG- BELGIUM European Economic Community, tariff quotas on some fishery products granted by; Apr. p. 40. MACKEREL Canned: Dominican Republic prices reduced on salmon style; Mar. p. 53. Japanese exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57. Philippine award; Jan. p. 68. Landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 64. South Africa Republic fishery, 1963; May p. 72. Swimming behavior studied at Honolulu laboratory; Nov. p. 25. MAINE Bloodworm production in ; Aug. p. 7. Fish meal: raw material for industrial fishery products scarce in ; Sept. p. 26. trends in use; Feb, p. 30. Herring landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 64. Lobster resource, supply, sustained yield, and management of; Nov. Suppl. p. 19. Marine laboratory, University of tablish; July p. 25. Marine worm changes in abundance associated with seawater temperature fluctuations; Aug. p. 7. Ocean perch landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 63. Rockland Harbor, ARA technical assistance proj- ect to study proposed deep-water port facility at; Oct. p. 82. Salmon, Atlantic, restoration program and experi- mental fish culture studies; Apr. p. 30. Sardines: canned: National Boy Scout Jamboree, served at; Sept. p. 28. pack, 1963; Feb. p. 43. stocks; Jan. p. 20, Mar. p. 22, July p. 19, Sept. p. 27, Oct. p. 29. World's Fair display; Tune p. 19. canning season opens; June p. 18. Shellfish sanitation, conducts research on; Oct. p. 37. may es- MALAYA, FEDERATION OF (see MALAYSIA) MALAYSIA Carp, grass, from to fight water vegetation in United States ponds; Dec. p. 26. Fisheries trends, third quarter 1963; Feb. p. 76. Fish imports from , Thailand requests lift- ing of ban on; Jan. p. 70. Sardines, canned, market trends for imported; Feb. p. 75. Tuna bases, Japanese, in Aug. p. 69. Tuna fishing base, Japanese shore facilities im- proved at; Jan. p. 59. operate at a loss; MAMMALS, MARINE Fur seals, modified tagging techniques suggested to prevent excess mortality of; Aug. p. 22. MANATEE Aquatic weeds, use of Dec. p. 106. to control; Oct. p.107, 1964 Index MARIANA ISLANDS Tuna, skipjack, fishing good near ; June p.46, MARINE RESOURCES FAO Advisory Committee on Apr. p. 42. FAO Director-General urges plans for exploration of ; Apr. p. 43. meets in Rome; MARINE WILDLIFE Salt water conversion by ; Mar. p. 75. MARINE WORM Abundance changes associated with seawater tem- perature fluctuations; Aug. p. 7. MARKETING Danish promotion of fish in U. S.; June p. 40. Edible fishery products prospects; Jan. p.20, Apr. p. 21, July p. 20, Oct. p. 29. Japanese frozen fish, national program established to promote sales of; July p. 65. Tuna, canned, industry presents award to Interior Department for assistance; July p. 34. United Kingdom fish information service intro- duced by White Fish Authority; Aug. p. 86. MARLIN Blue spawning grounds sought by University of Miami research vessel; Sept. p. 28. Larval specimens collected in South Atlantic; Nov. p. 48. Tagging program in eastern Pacific; Sept. p. 41. MARYLAND Area Redevelopment Administration: clam research project to be continued; Oct. p. 83. industrial loan to pet food firm approved; July p. 81, Chesapeake Bay ''fish-kill' controls established; Aug. p. 33. Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p.17. Clam, surf, survey off and Virginia; Nov. p. 41. Oysters: observations for 1964; Oct. p. 34. spawning and setting in 1963, studies indicate favorable conditions for; Feb. p. 33. MASSACHUSETTS Fishery technology school, University of establish; July p. 25. Fish meal in Maine and p. 30. Fish stick plant to be established by Norwegians in New Bedford; Apr. p. 67. Flounder, blackback, tagging program off 5 Aug. p. 34, Ocean perch landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 63. may , trends in use of; Feb. MATERIALS 1 Fishing , review of discussions at World Fish- ing Gear Congress on; May p. 1. MAURITANIA Fisheries treaty, 50-year, signed by Spain; July p. 67. with 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 MAURITIUS ISLAND MEXICO Tuna transshipment base, Japanese, at Port Louis; Mar, p. 64, MENHADEN Catches north of Chesapeake Bay decline; Nov. p.36, Gulf off-season population survey; Feb. p. 26. Gulf of Mexico investigations continued; Apr, p. 17, May p. 21, July p. 13. Landings, U. S., Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 63. Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 39, Oil, uses for; Nov. p. 14, MEXICO Abalone fishery in Baja California; June p. 50. Aquatic weeds in lakes, use of manatee to control; Dec, p. 106, Cannery, new fish, Spanish businessmen to finance construction of; Dec. p. 106, i Canning industry center at Ensenada, Baja Califor- nia; June p. 49. Clam, Pismo, fishery in Baja California; June p.50. Cod-oil import tariff reduced; Nov. p. 98. Cuban fishing vessels inspected for hoof and mouth disease; Jan. p. 64. Ensenada fishing industry; June p, 49, Exports of fishery products, 1963; Nov. p. 99, Fisheries College at Ensenada, Baja California; June p. 51, Fisheries industries, large-scale expansion planned of; Apr. p. 63, Fisheries trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100. Fishery Attache, U. S.: Croker, Richard S., arrives at new post in Mexico City; Mar. p, 77. program in 3 Nov. p. 29. Fish meal imports up sharply, Jan.-Sept. 1963; Jan, p. 64, Foreign trade in fishery products, 1963; Nov. p.99, Hake distribution and abundance off northern and southern California studied by M/V ''John N, Cobb"; June p. 21. Imports of fishery products, 1963; Nov, p. 99. Industrial fish trends, 1963; Nov. p. 101. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, joins; May p. 42. Japanese fishing company executive expected to visit ; Dec. p. 104, Kelp fishery in Baja California; June p. 50. Lobster, spiny, fishery in Baja California; June p. 50, Major fisheries other than shrimp, 1963; Nov, p. 101, Marine exhibit, first, a success; May p. 66, North American Fisheries Conference of Commer- cial Fishing Industries, participation by scheduled in; Dec. p. 70, Port, fishing, planned at Progreso, Yucatan; May Port, "pilot" fishing, at Alvarado nears completion; Sept. p. 84, Sea turtle fishery in Sinaloa; Aug. p. 78, Shark fishery at Teacapan, Sinaloa; Aug. p. 78, Shrimp: Campeche vessel owners suffer from lower prices; Jan, p. 63, fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100, fishing seasons, opening of; Nov. p. 98. French Guiana, vessels to fish for; June p, 51. Shrimp: Japanese propose joint venture with Guaymas fish- ing cooperatives; May p. 65. Kuwait, vessels built for; Aug. p. 76. manning vessels with fishermen not members of cooperatives; June p,. 52. season for fishing, vessels leave Mazatlan to open; Dec, p. 105. vessel tie-up at Mazatlan, possible effects of; July p. 68. Sinaloa, secondary fisheries of; Aug. p. 77. Sport fishery of Mazatlan; Aug. p. 77. Tariff rates, new, for four categories of fishery products; Nov. p. 98. Tuna, bluefin, tagged off Japan; Dec, p. 62. U. S. imports of fishery products from Feb, p. 56. Vessels, fishing: fleet at Ensenada, Baja California; June p. 51. multiple-use type, first of five received from Netherlands; Apr. p. 64, training type, four, ordered by the Government; Nov, p. 102, Whaling venture in Mexican; Nov, p. 102. Yellowtail, frozen, Japanese firm files application to import from ; May p. 63, is recaptured near , 1962; proposed, joint Japanese- MIAMI, UNIVERSITY OF Equatorial Atlantic oceanographic investigations, re- search vessel of returns from; Sept. p, 34, Vessels, research, not subject to union rules; Aug. p. 35, MICHIGAN Lake trout: stocks increase due to research; Feb. p. 35. stocking program continued in fall 1963; Jan, p.20. Sport fish survey in Great Lakes waters; July p. 20. MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES Clam, soft, sanitation quality study in area; Oct. p. 23. Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963; May p. 34. MIGRATION Salmon, Columbia River, marking program reveals patterns of; Oct. p. 35. MILFOIL Conference on control; May p. 30. MINNESOTA Fish-processing establishments, regulations for; July p. 20. MISSISSIPPI Gulf Coast state research laboratory in re- ceives grants; Aug, p. 34, Shrimp catch from Sound analyzed; May p.25, Aug. p. 34, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Landings, fishery, of the May p. 25, Pesticide endrin blamed in drainage area, 1962; fish kill; Sept. p.37. 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index MISSOURI Fisheries, commercial, catch in 1963; May p. 26. MOROCCO Canned fish exports, June-Sept. 1962-63; Feb. p. 76. Fisheries trends; Jan, p. 64, July p. 68. Sardines: canned: loans receive renewed partial guarantee from Government; Nov. p. 103. market trends and exports; Jan. p. 64, Mar. p.64, Apr. p. 65. industry development project; May p. 68. Tangier fish market sales, 1963; July p. 69. Tuna: cannery, new, being built in Tangier; Apr. p. 65. French- joint fishing exploration planned; Nov. p. 102. industry development project; May p. 68. Vessel, fishing, construction in Norway for 5 June p. 52. MSX DISEASE Oyster resistance to studied with funds ad- ministered by U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries; Nov. p. 52. MULLET Hatching, artificial, of in Taiwan; Mar. p. 70. MUSSELS Freshwater , Japanese produce commercial quality pearls from; Jan. p. 59. NARRAGANSETT BAY Quahog research by University of Rhode Island; Sept. p. 17. NARWHAL (WHALES) Longtoothed found in’Canada's far north; Mar. p. 47. NATIONAL BOY SCOUT JAMBOREE Maine canned sardines served at 3 Sept. p.28. NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM Aquatic specimens to be donated; May p. 26. Architects selected to draw plans; May p. 27. Design program being prepared; July p. 21. Dolphins, trained, will be featured; Apr. p. 22. Plans, new, approved; Dec. p. 48. Preview of ; Mar. outside back cover, Research facilities to be extensive; July p. 21. NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE Aid to United States fishing industry proposed at Convention; June p. 19. North American Fisheries Conference of Commer- cial Fishing Industries, participation by scheduled; Dec. p. 70. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH Oceanographic research training grants, graduate, University of Rhode Island receives funds for; July p. 25. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Gulf Coast State Research Laboratory, grants given by to; Aug. p. 34. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Sea floor studies, grants awarded by to Uni- versity of Miami for; Aug, p. 36. Trawling results of the R/V ‘Anton Bruun" in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea; Nov. Suppl. p. 27. NATIONAL SHELLFISH SANITATION WORKSHOP Fifth to be held Nov. 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Gulf of Mexico, Coast Guard hearings on lights and fog signals on offshore platforms in the; May p.79. NAVY, U.S. Oceanographic research vessel, new, ''Silas Bent! launched; Oct. p. 32. Research vessel, new, ''Thomas G, Thompson! launched for ; Oct. p. 32. NETHERLANDS Atlantic Ocean, northeast, and European fishery policies, views of on; Feb. p. 76. Auction facility for fish at Scheveningen, modern; Dec. p. 106. Exports of fishery products, 1963; Apr. p. 66. Fisheries exhibition, international, planned for Scheveningen; Mar. p. 38. Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 66. Fishing industry reorganization proposed; Sept, p.85. Fish meal prices, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 79. Marine-animal oil: foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug. p. 81. industry trends, 1963; July p. 69. production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49. supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons; Aug. p. 79. ; Offshore fishing, experimental, to continue; June p. 52. Oyster industry declines; Feb. p. 77. Trawler ''Tinie Cornelia,'' new; July p. 69. Vessels: factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by Newfoundland (Canada) firm from ship- yard; July p. 49. factoryship under construction in for Korean interests, British freezing equipment ordered for; Apr. p. 76. freezer type for North Korea launched at shipyard; Nov. p. 98. multiple-use type, Mexico receives first of five; Apr. p, 64. Whaling: Antarctic results in 1963/64 season; Mar. p. 65, July p. 69. catcher vessels, two,sold to Norway; Oct. p. 73. factoryship offered for sale to Japan; Apr. p. 66. factoryship sold to Japan; Oct. p. 73. fleet composition of 1963/64 Antarctic season; Mar. p. 38. Japanese Fisheries Agency authorizes purchase of factoryship; Oct. p. 72. Japanese may purchase factoryship; Aug. p. 76. Japan postpones decision on sale offer of factoryship; Apr. p. 62. 1964 Index NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES Tuna: ice vessels, six, assigned by Japanese firm to St. Martin base; Aug. p. 81. Japanese base at St. Martin; May p. 69. St. Martin base, transshipment quota for; May p. 69. NETS Monofilament and multifilament gill , com- parison of salmon catches in; Oct, p. 1. NEW CALEDONIA Tuna: Japanese fishing firm withdraws from base at Noumea; Oct. p. 73. Japanese to expand fishing base; Jan. p. 64. Japanese vessels, more, move to area of South Pacific; Apr. p. 61. NEW ENGLAND Bottomfish and scallop landings in 1963 and fore- cast for 1964; Feb. p. 36. Fisheries, 1962; Jan. p. 21. Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963; May p. 34. SBA loans to commercial fisheries firms in July 1964; Oct. p. 86. Soviet fishing fleet off ; June p, 59, Transportation rate increase sought by truckers; Feb. p. 51. Vessels, fishing, use basket in rigging as signal for right of way; July p. 23. NEW JERSEY Menhaden fishing fleet moves into more productive Chesapeake Bay area; Nov. p. 36. NEW YORK Inspection for fish, accepts USDI; Apr. p. 30. Shellfish reclamation project; Oct. p. 37. Wholesale Fulton Fish Market (New York City) relocation recommended; Nov, p. 40, NEW ZEALAND Bottomfish: Japanese fishing off ; May p. 60, Japanese plan long-line fishery off p. 63, Japanese seek licensing of operations off 5 Nov. p. 95. Japanese trawlers in waters, longer trip doubles catch for; Nov. p. 95. Exploratory fishing and marine research; Apr. p. 66, Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar, p. 61, Lobster, spiny, small, exports banned; May p. 69. Sea bream, long-line, fishery operators off 5 Japanese council formed of; Dec. p. 103, Sperm whaling off promising in early 1964; Sept. p. 85. Stern trawlers, small, trend to; Oct. p. 74. Tuna, bluefin, explorations off south coast; Oct. p. 73. ; Mar. NICARAGUA Lobster, spiny, fishing regulations established; Feb, p. 77. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 NICARAGUA Shrimp processing at El Bluff, U. S. fisheries firm begins; Jan. p. 65. NIGERIA Shrimp resources promising; Sept. p. 86. NORDIC COUNTRIES Ninth Nordic Fisheries Conference held; Sept. p. 54. NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE Commercial fishing industries to hold first ; Dec. p. 70. NORTH ATLANTIC Fishery products, more, used in U, S, in 1963; May p. 34, Soviet fishing vessels return to New England waters; July p. 23. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR RESEARCH Clam, surf, survey continued; Nov. p. 41. Electrical fishing gear in operation observed by television (M/V 'Delaware''); Sept. p. 30, Nov. p. 43, Electrical trawling tests continued; Jan. p. 21, June p. 20. Ocean perch gilling by trawl nets studied (M/V ''Del- aware" cruise 64-1); June p. 19. Trawling, off-bottom, as against conventional trawl- ing, experiments on (M/V ''Delaware"' cruise 64-8); Dec. p. 50. Tuna and swordfish distribution studies in North At- lantic continued; Feb. p. 37, June p. 20, Sept. p.28. Whiting escapement study (M/V "Delaware"’ cruise 64-5); Nov. p. 42. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Continental Shelf waters surveyed (M/V ''Albatross IV" cruise 64-11); Nov. p. 46. Flounder, blackback, tagging program; June p. 21, Aug. p. 34, Oct. p. 30. Georges Bank northern edge surveyed (M/V "'Alba- tross IV,'' cruise 64-6); July p. 23. Groundfish distribution and abundance studies con- tinued; Feb. p. 36, Apr. p. 23, Nov. p. 44. Gulf of Maine hydrographic-plankton survey (M/V "Albatross IV'' cruise 64-2); May p, 28. Haddock: collections for experimental purposes (M/V "'Al- batross IV" cruise 64-4); June p, 21. spawning and maturity investigated (M/V ''Alba- tross IV" cruise 64-3); June p. 21. Instruments, oceanic, return requested of unmarked; Aug. p. 35, Observations during Aug. 1964 cruise by M/V "'Al- batross IV" (cruise 64-10); Nov. p. 46. Ocean perch, tagged, off Maine, annual check of; Sept. p. 35. Scallop, sea, population survey on Georges Bank continued; Aug. p. 34, Dec. p. 51, Whiting escapement study by M/V ''Delaware"'; Nov. p. 42, NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN Observations during Aug. 1964 cruise by M/V "'Al- batross IV"; Nov. p. 46. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW NORTH CAROLINA Fisheries potential survey by ARA in Carteret County; July p. 81. Trawling, exploratory, off ; July p. 31. NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION Second meeting held at the Hague; Aug. p. 52. NORTH PACIFIC Groundfish resources, Canadian scientists study; Mar. p. 46. Halibut: fishing ended Noy. 30, 1963; Feb. p. 64. fishing in area 3A ended Aug. 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46. landings, 1964 season to July 20, 1964; Sept. p.24. Japan: distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar.p.61. shrimp stern trawler cannery built; Sept. p. 77. trawlers licensed to fish eastern ; May p.958. Salmon: Aleutians, western, migration studies off; Oct. p. 36. Japan: catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75. mothership catch reported poor; Sept. p. 75. prices adjusted for mothership fish; Oct. p. 69. Shellfish industry affected by recent disasters; Oct. p. 37. Soviet factoryship for near completion, con- struction of; Nov. p. 114. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL Halibut quota for triangle area recommended; Jan, p. 41. Statement by U. S. Delegation Chairman at Sept. Conference in Tokyo; Feb. p. 64, Tenth annual meeting held in Vancouver; Jan. p. 40, NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION, INTER- NATIONAL Japanese fishing industry position on negotiations; Nov. p. 67. Japanese press reaction to talks; Nov. p. 68. Meeting in Ottawa, Sept. 9, 1964, parties to the will seek agreement at; Sept. p. 55. President Johnson comments on negotiations of parties to the ; Nov. p. 67. Renegotiation talks in Ottawa end; Dec. p. 79. Talks in Ottawa, Sept. 9, 1964, parties to sumed; Nov. p. 67. re- NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Bottomfish trawling survey off Washington coast (M/V "John N. Cobb'' cruise 65); Sept. p. 31. Demersal fish off southern Washington surveyed by M/V "John N. Cobb"; July p. 23. Experimental fishing with "Cobb'' pelagic trawl (M/V "'St. Michael” cruise 2); Nov. p. 47. Hake: distribution and abundance explored (M/V ''John N. Cobb'' cruise 67); Oct. p. 30, Dec. p. 52. distribution and abundance of adult fish off south- ern California and northern Mexico studied (M/V "John N, Cobb" cruise 64); June p. 21. Marine fauna, deep-water, off mouth of Columbia River, survey continued of (M/V ''Commando" cruise 11); Jan, p. 23, Apr. p. 25, Nov. p. 46. 1964 Index NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Pelagic trawl: development program (M/V "St. Michael" cruise 3); Oct. p. 31. effectiveness in catching winter herring (M/V "Yaquina"' cruise 1); Jan. p. 22. multipurpose type tested (M/V "St. Michael!' cruise 3); Dec. p. 54. Scallop resources off coast of Oregon surveyed (M/V "John N. Cobb'' cruise 62); Jan. p. 22. Shrimp trawl fish-catching efficiency compared with that of eastern otter-trawl (M/V ''Commando" cruise 11); Nov. p. 46. Tuna, albacore, abundance and distribution survey (M/V "John N. Cobb"' cruise 66); Sept. p. 32, Dec. p. 51. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Salmon: research in North Pacific, Canada-United States ("George B. Kelez'' Jan.-Mar. 1964); Mar. p. 22. winter distribution and tagging by M/V "George B. Kelez"; July p. 30. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL COMMISSION Convenes in Moscow for annual meeting; Apr. p. 48. Japan ratifies protocol amending interim conven- tion; July p. 42. Protocol amending interim convention ratified by United States; May p. 44. Soviet Union ratifies protocol amending interim con- vention; June p. 35. NORTH SEA Oil explorations in , British discuss danger to fisheries from; Oct. p. 80. NORTHWEST AFRICA Polish trawling operations off ; Mar. p. 66. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC Japanese distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar, p. 61. Japanese firm to continue exploratory trawling; Nov. p. 95. Japanese firm withdraws trawler factoryship from ; Dec. p. 101. Japan plans licensing more vessels to operate in ; May p. 63. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION- AL COMMISSION FOR THE Accomplishments and outlook; Dec. p. 77. Annual meeting, 14th, held at Hamburg; Aug. p. 49. Cod and haddock fisheries in Northwest Atlantic, status discussed at meeting; Aug. p. 50. Salmon, Atlantic, fishery; Dec. p. 82. Seals, harp and hood, proposed amendment for juris- diction by over; Mar, p. 46. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION- AL CONVENTION FOR THE Japan to join ; July p. 64, Nov. p. 95. Harp and hood seals: Canada ratifies Protocol amendment concerning; May p. 43. Iceland ratifies Protocol amendment concerning; June p. 35, 1964 Index NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES, INTERNATION- AL CONVENTION FOR THE (cont,) Seals, harp and hood (cont.): protocol amendment ratified by Denmark and France; Dec. p. 79. Soviet Union ratifies protocol amendment con- cerning; July p. 42, NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE Japan-U.5S.5S.R.: fisheries conference opened in Moscow on Mar, 2, 1964; May p, 43. eighth annual conference, progress on; June p, 35. NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE Japan-U,.5.5S.R.: salmon and king crab quotas and fisheries regu- lations, negotiations concluded on; July p. 42. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Canada's fishery resources surveyed; Mar. p. 47. NORWAY Canned fish exports: annual data; May p. 69, June p. 53, current data; Jan. p, 66, Feb. p. 78, Mar. p. 66, Apr. p. 66, July p. 70, Sept. p. 86, Oct. p. 74, Nov, p. 103. Capelin fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p. 109. Cod: fishery trends, Mar.-Apr. 1964; June p. 52. Lofoten fishery disappointing in 1964; Aug. p. 81. Dogfish and basking shark: agreement with Great Britain on fishing for; Dec. p. 109, fishing to be continued off Great Britain; Sept. p.88. Echo-sounder, improved, offered by Norwegian firm; Aug. p. 82. Fisheries fair, international, to be held at Trond- heim in 1965; Oct. p. 75. Fisheries trends; May p.70, June pp.52,53, Sept.p.87. Fishing limits: discussions between Sept. p. 49. 12-mile limit, modified, rejected; May p. 70. Fish meal; bulk, studies on handling in; Nov. p. 104. production and exports; May p. 40, Oct. p. 44. Fish stick plant to be established in New Bedford, Mass.; Apr. p. 67. Foreign landings, may relax banon; May p. 70. Herring: catch, 1964; Dec. p. 108. fisheries trends, Mar, 1964; May p.70, June p.52. fish meal quality control studies; Nov. p. 103. fish meal uniformity, mixing equipment designed to achieve; Nov, p. 104. north coast, big run off; May p, 69. prices; Dec, p. 109. utilization; Dec. p. 108. winter fishery, 1964; Dec, p. 108, Indian Fisheries Institute, to participate in; Sept. p. 87. Indo-Norwegian fisheries development project con- tinued; July p. 56. Landings, fishery, and exports, 1963; Mar. p. 66. Marine oils: Antarctic whaling production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49. and United Kingdom on; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 NORWAY Marine oils: exports of unrefined, 1960-1963; July p. 72. imports, selected, 1963; July p. 72. supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons; July paws Noise, gear, and engine, study of fish reaction to; May p. 71. Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended by 3 Sept. p. 55. Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June p.39. Polish fisheries freezing and transshipment base in Haugesund in 1963; June p, 57. Preservative for industrial fish, studies on nitrite as; Nov. p. 104. Price supports for fisheries; Sept. p. 87. Purse seiners for Chile, shipyard building four; June p. 54, Salmon farming method developed in attention in United Kingdom; Nov. p. 115, Sealing expedition to the Antarctic; Sept. p. 88. Seal Commission, Norwegian-Soviet, sixth session held in Oslo; Feb, p. 65. Seal, harp, in Northwest Atlantic, in fishery for; Mar. p. 46, Shrimp: : Swedish-Norwegian fishing agreement; Feb. p, 84. vessels for Kuwait, shipyards to build; July p. 72. State-controlled fish processing company, proposed refinancing of; Feb, p, 78. Trawler, stern: design produced by computer; Sept. p. 87. factory-fishing type lands frozen processed catch in England; July p. 70. Norwegian-built, first, launched for Ghana; Aug. . 65, rat farming method developed in attracts attention in United Kingdom; Nov, p. 115. Vessel, fishing, construction for Ghana and Morocco; June p. 52. Whale oil: Antarctic production, Feb, 8, 1964; Apr. p. 68. Whaling: fleet composition for 1963/64 Antarctic season; Mar, p. 38. industry encouraged by higher oil prices; Jan, p.65. industry trends; May p. 70, June p. 52. Netherlands catcher vessels, acquires two; Oct. p. 73, withdrawal from Convention proposed again; Jan, p. 67. attracts participates NUTRITION Animal Dec. p. 47. Animal and poultry , fish reduction products use highly regarded in; May p. 23. Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of, composition and nutritive value of fishery products research pro- gram; Mar, p, 23. Fishery products reaffirmed as nutritious and healthful; Sept. p. 32. Industrial fishery products use in poultry and ani- mal highly regarded; May p. 23. International Federation for the Progress of Food first congress to be held in Paris; Apr. p. 45. , views on use of fish meal and oil in; OCEAN CATFISH Greenland's fishery, 1963; Nov, p. 87. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OCEANOGRAPHY Aquatic Research Institute established at Stockton, Calif., to study estuarine areas of Asia and Cali-~ fornia; Feb. p. 40. Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine hydrographic-plankton survey; May p. 28, Institute of Marine Science research vessel re- turns from equatorial investigations; Sept. p. 34. instrument, new, effective aid in ocean-bottom studies in Northern area; Sept. p. 35, international cooperative investigations of Equa- lant III, plans for; Apr. p. 46. larval specimens of tuna, swordfish, and marlin collected in tropical area; Nov. p. 48. "'Bathykymograph'’ measures speed and depth of fishing net; Feb. p. 32. Canada's vessel for Aug. p. 58. Caribbean Sea bottom under study; Jan. p. 28. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S., Indian Ocean in- vestigations by research vessel ''Pioneer"'; Sept. p. 33. Coast Guard, U. S., cutter 'Ingham"' occupies ocean weather station; Sept. p. 35. Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of: EQUALANT II, research vessel ''Geronimo" par- ticipates in; Apr. p. 47. research vessel ''Townsend Cromwell’ completes successful maiden voyage; May p. 13. Communist China Aquatic Products Society founded; June p. 39. Cromwell Current, "lost'’ part found of; Jan. p. 73. Duke University acquires new research vessel; Jan. p. 27. Film: color motion picture released; Mar. p. 17. U. S. Navy produces one; Feb. p. 16. Fish reaction to gear and engine noise studied in Norway; May p. 71. German Federal Republic research vessel, new; Feb. p. 68, Aug. p. 63. Gulf of Guinea: fishery- studies by M/V ''Geronimo," re- sults of; Nov. p. 57. research vessel ''Geronimo'' makes new discover- ries; July p. 24. India: research program under International Indian Ocean Expedition; Aug. p. 52. Indian Ocean: explorations by the ''Atlantis II'' completed; Jan. p. 26, explorations by the ''Pioneer"; Mar. p. 23, international expedition, research vessel ''Anton Bruun" participation in; Sept. p. 16. survey, Honolulu vessel finishes first phase of (M/V "Anton Bruun" cruise 2); Jan. p. 25. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964; July p. 44. Interior, U. S. Department of, educational grants for 1964 awarded by; May p. 28. Japan: unmanned Feb, p. 75. vessel, new (''Tansei Maru'') delivered; Apr. p. 62. research commissioned; stations to be set up off coast; 1964 Index OCEANOGRAPHY Marine bioacoustic research may aid commercial fisheries; Apr. p. 28. Marine biology, University of Miami receives new research grants for studies in; July p. 26. Marine science programs, two New England Univer- sities may add; July p. 25. Marine scientists drill into ocean floor; May p. 83. Miami, University of: billfish research cruise by research vessel of; Sept. p. 28. marine laboratory building, new, planned; July p.27. vessels, research, not subject to union rules; Aug. p. 35. National Academy of Sciences, comments on in - cluded in address by the late President Kennedy to; Jan. p. 23. Oceanic eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands studied by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert''; Aug. p. 18. Oceanographers: employment outlook; Mar. p. 100. exchange visits by United States and Soviet scien- tists; Nov. p. 50. Federal educational requirements; Nov. p. 116. Pacific Ocean: "black current’! or Kuroshio, international inves- tigation planned of Japanese; Feb. p. 65, Dec, . 104, pan ehat of 14,000 feet discovered; Nov. p. 144, observations in coastal waters by research vessel "George B. Kelez'' in northeast area; July p. 24. trade wind zone studies in central area by M/V “Townsend Cromwell"; Mar. p. 32, July p. 10, Aug. p. 17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27, Dec. p. 34. tuna, albacore, preseason oceanographic survey in eastern temperate area; Aug. p. 41. water sampling studies in central area; Aug. p. 35. Platform with derrick, small portable marine work; Nov. p. 50. Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, marine biology pro- gram of; Apr. p. 27. Research training grants, graduate, University of Rhode Island receives funds for; July p. 29. "Rivers of Mud" at bottom of sea; Aug. p. 116. Seabed and its underlying structure in Caribbean Sea, giant ''echo-sounder'' maps; Dec, p. 54. Sea floor studies, grants awarded University of Miami for; Aug. p. 36. Scientific Exploration of the Atlantic Shelf (SEAS), Committee for the; Jan, p. 24. Shrimp, pink, migrations and bottom currents off Florida, seabed drifters released in study of; Dec. p. 60. Submarine, deep-diving, for Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution; Apr. p. 25, Aug. p. 36. “Townsend Cromwell" M/V commissioned as new research vessel for U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Mar, p. 32. U.S.S.R. underwater craft designed for Barents Sea studies; July p. 76. Vessels, research: new one for biological research foundation; Apr. . 27. iGcokao gra her" launched; June p. 23. "Silas Bent" launched; Oct. p. 32. Thomas G, Thompson"! launched; Oct. p. 32. "Trident'' completes first year of operation; Jan. p. 27. 1964 Index OCEANOGRAPHY (cont.) Vessels, research (cont.): "Yaquina'' commissioned by Oregon State Univer- sity; Dec. p. 55. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's new re- search laboratory dedicated; July p. 25. OCEAN PERCH Fillets, U. 5S. Tariff Commission hearings on ex- clusion from tariff modification of; Feb. p. 91. Maine: growth rate studies; Sept. p. 35. landings, Jan.-Aug. 1964; Dec. p. 63. tagged , annual check of; Sept. p. 35. Massachusetts landings, Jan.-Sept. 1964; Dec, p, 63. North Pacific concentrations found during survey by M/V "John N. Cobb"; July p. 23. Quality of held in refrigerated sea water tested; Mar. p. 24. Recipe--Ocean perch German potato pancakes; July p. 108. Trawl nets, gilling by, studied; June p, 19. OCTOPUS Canada's fishery resources of far north surveyed; Mar, p. 47. OHIO Lake Erie commercial fishery landings 1963; July p. 27, OIL EXPLORATIONS United Kingdom discusses danger to fisheries from in North Sea; Oct. p. 80. OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL (also see FISH OIL) Antarctic whale oil and sperm oil production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49. Canada's production, utilization, and foreign trade; Aug. pp. 56, 57, Dec. p. 84. Denmark's foreign trade in , 1962-1963; July p. 52, German Federal Republic's foreign trade in ; 1962-1963; Aug. p. 62. Italy's foreign trade in , 1962-1963; Oct. p.60. Japan: foreign trade in edible and inedible 1963; Aug. p. 74. supply and disposition, 1962-1963 and 1964 fore- cast; Aug. p. 74. Low-cost Netherlands: foreign trade, 1962-1963; Aug, p. 81. industry trends, 1963; July p. 69, supply and disposition, 1963 with comparisons; Aug. p. 79. Norway: exports of unrefined , 1960-1963; July p.72. imports of selected , 1963; July p. 72, supply and disposition of , 1963 with com- parisons; July p, 71. Peru's supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 forecast; Aug.p. 83. South Africa Republic's production of 1963; Nov. p. 110. United Kingdom: imports of utilization of p. 81. , 1962- » L962- , 1962-1963; Oct. p. 80. in margarine, 1962-1963; Oct. , small fish used to make; Nov. p.14. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 ¢ OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL Whale, baleen: Japan: tarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80. sales by whaling firms; Mar. p. 61. OKINAWA (see RYUKYU ISLANDS) OREGON Federal funds allocated for fisheries program; Sept. pe, 18. Fish and wildlife kills being investigated by U. S. Public Health Service; July p. 29. Fish behavorial flume built on Grande Ronde River; Sept. p. 38. Fish disease study center opened; July p. 28. Halibut and sole tagging and migration studies by Fish Commission; Sept. p. 19. Medical help, emergency, instructions for fishermen; Nov. p. 58, Oceanography: "'Yaquina,'' research vessel, commissioned by State University; Dec. p. 55. Salmon: Columbia River tributaries, survey in 1964 of spawning spring chinook in selected; Dec. p. 37. egg take in 1963 sets new record; Mar, p, 24, escapement aided by brief industrial plant shut- down at Willamette Falls; Oct. p. 33. Metolius Hatchery closes and experimental hatch- ery station opens; Nov, p. 51, Northwest rivers receive record plants of silver and spring chinook yearlings; June p, 25, record release of silvers from State hatcheries; July p. 27. Sandy River runs, silver transplants may help re- build; Dec. p. 56. Willamette River, upper, massive program to in- troduce fall chinook run in; Apr, p. 30. Scallop resources off coast of surveyed; Jan, p. 22. Steelhead trout planted in Yamhill River; Aug. p. 36. Tuna, albacore, exploratory cruise conducted by Fish Commission; Sept. p. 42. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Fisheries Committee meeting; Jan, p. 40, Apr. p.48, May p. 45, Sept. p. 56, Nov. p. 71. Fishery technologists meeting; July p. 43, Dec. p.81. Japanese Fisheries Agency studying measures to cope with recommendations; Oct. p. 72, Japan joins; Aug. p. 53. Promotional materials on fish planned through ; Oct. p. 48. Subsidies, fishing industry, position adopted on; Oct. p. 48. OTTER TRAWLS Shrimp in Gulf of Mexico, U. S. utilization of, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1. OUTBOARD MOTORS Fishing efficiency of traditional craft in six coun- tries, increase; July p. 40. OYSTERS Australia proposes standards; Nov, p. 79. Canada's British Columbia shucked production, 1963; Apr. p. 52. 46 OYSTERS (cont.) Disease-resistant breeding stock; Sept. p. 36. Disease resistant strains, development of; Nov. p.52. Frozen, Japari's 1964 pack for export to U. 5.; Aug. p. 74. Gulf of Mexico growth experiments with suspended ; Mar. p. 20. Harvest in spring months suggested; May p. 29. Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 38. Maryland: observations for 1964; Oct. p. 34. spawning and setting in 1963, studies indicate favorable conditions for; Feb. p. 33. MSX disease, developments reported by scientists on; Sept. p. 36. Netherland's industry declines; Feb. p. 77. Pearl, cultured, quality improved by use of anti- biotic; Sept. p. 81. Raft culture; Aug. p. 103. Recipe--Maryland pan-fried; May p. 11. South Africa industry requests quality specification; Sept. p. 95. South Carolina: feeding, supplemental, experiments; Feb. p. 47. studies, Jan.-Mar. 1964; May p. 33, Nov. p. 55. Tray rack for the study of , design and oper- ation of a; Dec, p. 21. Virginia James River seed beds, light strike in 1964 in; Nov. p. 51. PACIFIC COAST Fishery products, more, used in U. S. in 1963; May p. 34, U. S. commercial fisheries on p. 35. Whaling licenses on ; Nov. Suppl. ; June p. 64, PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Halibut: Bering Sea catch in Area 3B North Triangle, Mar, 28, 1964; May p. 43. fishing in Area 3A ended Aug. 19, 1964; Oct. p. 46. fishing restrictions proposed; Aug, p. 49. North Pacific fishing ended Nov. 30, 1963; Feb. p. 64. North Pacific regulations for 1964; May p. 43. Regulations revised; Jan. p. 75. Special meeting held in June 1964; July p. 42. PACIFIC NORTHWEST Bottomfish trawling survey off Washington coast by M/V "John N. Cobb," cruise 65; Sept. p. 31. Japanese fishery observers visit ; Sept. p. 37. Midwater trawl tests successful in hake fish- ery; Aug. p. 23. Oceanographic observations in coastal waters by "George B. Kelez''; July p. 24. Salmon tagging project, high seas, in North Pacific planned; July p. 30. PACIFIC OCEAN "Black current'' or Kuroshio, international inves- tigation planned of; Feb. p. 65. Eastern north , Japanese plan for 1964 trawl- er operations in; Mar. p. 60. Mountain of 14,000 feet discovered in p. 144, Oceanic eddies southwest of Hawaiian Islands studied; Aug. p. 18. ; Nov. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index PACIFIC OCEAN Research vessel ''Townsend Cromwell" completes successful maiden voyage in ; May p. 13. Tagging program in eastern ,» marlin and sail- fish cooperative; Sept. p. 41. Trade wind zone oceanographic studies continued by M/V "Townsend Cromwell"; Mar, p. 32, July p.10, Aug. p. 17, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 27, Dec. p. 34. Tuna: albacore movement off the Pacific Coast in 1963, review of; Dec. p. 13. Japanese: equatorial fishing trends, Nov. 1963; Feb. p. 73. purse-seining experiment in unsuccessful; July p. 59. research vessel to survey resources in eastern ; Nov. p. 89. Palau Islands, fishing base planned by California firm in; Apr. p. 32. yellowfin fishing regulations proposed for eastern ; July p. 82. U.S.S.R. electronic fishing gear for catching saury in ; July p. 76. PACIFIC TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHIC PRO- GRAM ° "Townsend Cromwell" to participate in Pp. 32. ; Mar. PACIFIC TRUST TERRITORY Caroline Islands, commercial fisheries project makes headway in; Aug, p. 16. PACKAGING Irradiation, Food and Drug Administration issues new food additive regulation concerning materials for foods preserved by; Oct. p. 84. Irradiation, requirements for fishery products preserved by; Oct. p. 34. Irradiation, plastic films tested as materials for fishery products preserved by; Oct. p. 34. Metal food container as the regulatory official sees it; June p. 88. PAKISTAN Fish processing plant, new, established at Karachi; Mar. p. 66. Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p.41. Shrimp: processing capacity of plants in Karachi; Aug, p.82. producing costs; May p. 71. Sweden helps mechanize small fishing craft; atk jy, Ail, Territorial waters extension to 12 miles advocated; Jan, p. 67. PALAU ISLANDS (see CAROLINE ISLANDS) PANAMA Fisheries trends, 1963; Apr. p. 68. Lobster, spiny: exploratory fishing project concluded (M/V ''Peli- can'' cruise 16); Feb. p. 78. fishery trends; Sept. p. 89. Scallop fishery trends; Sept. p. 89. Shrimp fishery trends, 1963; Sept. p. 88. 1964 Index PANAMA (cont.) Tuna fishing regulations for foreign vessels in Panamanian waters; Noy. p. 104, PEARL(S) Australian culture industry developing; Dec, p. 158. Cultured quality improved by use of antibiot- ic; Sept. p. 81. Japan produces commercial quality freshwater mussels; Jan, p, 59. from PELAGIC FISH California: hake, adult, distribution and abundance in southern area and northern Mexico studied by M/V ''John N. Cobb''; June p. 21. population survey continued; Feb, p. 12, Mar. pp. 10, 12, Apr. p. 12, June pp. 11, 12, Sept. p.14, Oct. pp. 15, 17, Nov. p. 24, Dec. pp. 28, 29. Experimental fishing in North Pacific with ''Cobb" pelagic trawl (M/V "St. Michael" cruise 2); Nov. p. 47. Larval specimens of tuna, swordfish, and marlin collected in the South Atlantic; Nov. p. 48. Pacific, Central, population studies continued; June p. 12. PERSIAN GULF Commercial fishery in southern area to be devel- oped by British firm; Dec, p. 109, Fisheries development in proposed by FAO; Mar. p. 37. PERU Anchoveta record catch forecast in 1964; Apr. p.70. Canning, fish, industry responds to tax concessions; May p. 71. Catch, fisheries, off in 1963; Apr. p. 71. Exports of principal marine products; May p.71, Oct. p. 76. Fishing industry long-range forecast; Feb, p. 79. Fish meal: export agreement extended; Feb. p. 80. exports by country of destination; June p. 54, Nov. p. 105. exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79. exports forecast, 1964; Aug, p. 82. industry trends; Jan. p. 67, June p. 54, Nov. p.105. Japanese imports from approved; Apr. p.61. long-range forecast for; Feb, p. 79. outlook for industry; Nov. p. 105. production and exports; May p. 40, July p. 72, Aug. p. 82. supply situation; Nov. p. 105, Fish oil: exports by country of destination, Jan,1-May 15, 1964; Nov. p, 106, exports, estimated, 1963; Feb. p. 79. supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 fore- cast; Aug. p. 83, International Association of Fish Meal Manufac- turers conference stresses quality; Jan, p. 39. Marine oil supply and disposition, 1961-1963 and 1964 forecast; Aug. p. 83, Sperm oil exports, 1963; Aug. p. 83, U. S, fishery firm to expand Peruvian facilities; Apr. p. 71. Whale oil exports 1963; Aug. p. 83. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 PESTICIDES Commercial fisheries endangered by use of says Interior Secretary; June p, 23, DDT resistance seen in minnow-like fish; Feb, p. 58, Interior Department lands, stringent rules ordered in use of on; Nov, p. 52. Mississippi River fish kill, Sept.p. 37. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Bureau of, re- sponsibility for field surveillance on effects of on fish and wildlife; Dec. p. 56. endrin blamed in; PET FOOD Australia exporting to the U. S.; Nov. p. 79. Maryland firm, ARA industrial loan approved to; July p. 81, PHILIPPINES Fishing industry development spurred by change in Government import policy; Noy. p. 106. Investment opportunities in fishing industry; Aug. p. 32, Mackerel, canned, award; Jan. p. 68. Sardines: canned: imported product, Government opened an- other bid on; Aug, p. 83. South African product, purchase of; June p. 55, Shrimp exports, 1963; Dec. p. 110. Tuna, skipjack, Japanese test purse-seining off for; May p. 61. President approves PILCHARD South Africa Republic: fishery, 1963; May p. 72. fishery trends; July pp. 73, 74, Oct. pp. 76, 77, Dec, p. 112. South-West Africa: fishery, Jan.-June 1964; Dec, p. 113, fishing industry trends, FY 1963; Dec. p. 113, quotas for 1963 and 1964 increased; Feb, p. 81. season for in 1963 sets record; Mar, p. 68, Walvis Bay, season gets under way at; Aug. p. 84, PLANKTON Gulf of Mexico sampling; May p. 21. North Atlantic hydrographic- survey in the Gulf of Maine; May p. 28. South Carolina studies, Jan.-Mar, 1964; May p. 33. Studies on give clues to Indian Ocean-Atlan- tic Zoogeographical relations; May p. 14. POLAND Canary Islands fishing base reported planned by sApr. p. tl. Cold-storage plant in the United Kingdom proposed; June p. 55, Danish-Polish fishery relations; Apr. p. 53, Exports of fishery products, 1956-1963; June p. 56. Fisheries goals, 1964; June p, 55. Fisheries landings, marine, in 1963; May p. 72, Fisheries production goals, 1964; June p. 55, Fisheries trends and exports in 1963; Sept. p. 90. Fisheries trends in 1964; Sept. p. 90, Fisheries trends, 1963; June p, 56, Fish-processing facilities, investment planned in 1964 in; June p, 55. 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW POLAND (cont.) Fish meal production, 1963; Sept. p. 91. Imports of fishery products, 1956-1963; June p. 56. Landings, fisheries, Jan.-June 1964; Dec. p. 110. . Landings of marine products and size of fishing fleet, 1962-63; Feb. p. 80. Landings, salt-water fish, 1963; June p. 56. Mothership, herring, will be dispatched to north- west Atlantic fishing grounds; June p. 55, Overseas bases, fishery, 1963; June p. 56. Transshipment base established at Ostend, Belgium, in Jan, 1964; June p. 55. Trawlers and factory-trawlers, large, shipyards building; May p. 71. Trawler sinks off Iceland; June p. 57. Trawling operations in Northwest Atlantic; Mar. p. 66. Trawling operations off Northwest Africa; Mar. p. 66, Vessels, fishing: completed, 1963 and first half 1964; Nov. p. 107. construction program; Nov. p. 107. construction to continue under large-scale build- ing program; Nov. p. 107. factoryship built in Poland delivered to U.S.S.R.; Mar, p. 71. fleet, planned additions in 1964 to; June p. 55. fleet, size of, 1950-1962; Feb. p. 80. trawlers, specifications and description of, built in ; Nov. p. 108. POLLUTION Chesapeake Bay. ''fish-kill'' controls established; Aug. p. 33. Louisiana fish kills, Public Health Service investi- gates more; Sept. p. 18. Milfoil control, conference on; May p. 30. Pesticide endrin blamed in Mississippi River fish kill; Sept. p. 37. Pesticides, use of, endanger commercial fisheries says Interior Secretary; June p. 23. Potomac River fish losses; Jan. p. 28. Sacramento River dam, antipollution, will improve fish runs in; Apr. p. 29. Water , fish killed by, 1963; Aug. p. 22. POND CULTIVATION Shrimp studies in South Carolina; Feb. p. 49, Nov. p. 56. POND CULTURE South Carolina finfish and shrimp cultivation studies, July-Dec, 1963; Feb. p. 49. PORPOISE Fishermen's catch and gear ravaged by 3 May p. 103. Gulf of Mexico mammal, "bottle-nosed,'' often called dolphin; Sept. p. 9. PORT FACILITY Rockland Harbor, Maine, ARA technical assistance project to study proposed deep-water at; Oct. p. 82. PORTUGAL Canned fish; exports, 1962-1963; June p. 57. 1964 Index PORTUGAL Canned fish: exports, quarterly data; Feb. p. 80, Sept. p. 91. pack, 1962-1963; June p. 57. pack, quarterly data; Feb. p. 81, Sept. p. 92, Dec. p. 111, Cape Verde Islands, Japanese firm signs agreement for joint tuna venture in; July p. 58. Cod-fishing fleet in Northwest Atlantic serviced by supply ship; Mar. p. 67. Fisheries trends, Jan, 1964; Apr. p. 71. Freezer-trawlers, new, planned; Apr. p. 71. Loan fund to renovate fishing fleet; June p. 57. Refrigeration equipment supplied by British to modernize fishing industry; Oct. p. 76. Sardine, canned, supply reported adequate to meet demand; Jan. p. 68. South Africa, trawling operations off; May p. 72. Trawling fleet off Africa may be serviced by mothership; Mar, p. 67. Tuna, Japanese negotiate with in West Africa; Sept. p. 72. firm for base POTOMAC RIVER Fish kill in , mid-1963; Jan. p. 28. Research on waste material in discussed at Chesapeake Bay research conference; Apr. p. 13. PRESERVATION (also see IRRADIATION PRESERVA- TION) Frozen fish shelf life studied; Nov. p. 53. Irradiation 5 Atomic Energy Commission fishery products irradiator at Gloucester (Mass.) dedicated; Dec. p. 57. commercial implication for food fish at sea; Nov. p. 54. food and ; July p. 38. : oily fish tests indicate flavor and storage problems; Feb, p. 33, portable equipment for use aboard M/V ''Delaware’’ planned; Noy. p. 54. sole, petrale, fillets, acceptance tests conducted for; Nov. p. 54, Nitrite as preservative for industrial fish, Norwe- gian studies on; Nov. p. 104. Refrigerated sea water, quality tested of fish held in; Mar. p. 24. Smoking small fish, Canadian scientists develop new process for; Mar. p. 49. ; June p, 24. PRIBILOF ISLANDS Fur seals harvested by U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Sept. p. 20. Fur seal skin harvest, 1964; Nov. p. 30. PRICES Wholesale and indexes for edible fishery products; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 57, Mar. p. 33, Apr. p. 38, May p. 37, June p. 33, July p. 37, Aug. p. 45, Sept. p. 47, Oct. p. 42, Nov. p. 65, Dec. p. 67. PROCESSED EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS Foreign trade, U. S.; Jan. p. 34, Mar, p. 31, Apr. p. 37, May p, 35, June p. 31, July p. 36, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 66. 1964 Index PROCESSING (cont. ) Fish-gutting machine, new, offered by West Ger- man firm; Nov, p. 83. Canada: fish processing plant opens in Nova Scotia; Sept. p. 58, Maritime Provinces, new fish plants for; Jan, p. 45. trade mission explores Latin American market for fish equipment; May p. 47. PROMOTION Fish 'n Seafood Parade in Oct.; Oct. p. 106. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel- opment plans materials for fish ; Oct. p.48. PROTEIN EXTRACTION Fish reduction industry, water purification and process may be applied to;. Aug, p, 61. PUBLICATIONS Listings and reviews, Fish and Wildlife Service ; Jan, p. 82; Feb. p. 94, Mar, p. 81, Apr. p. 82, May p. 84, June p. 72, July p. 93, Aug. p. 104, Sept. p. 110, Oct. p. 90, Nov. p, 124, Dec. p. 128, Listings and reviews, miscellaneous ; Jan, p. 84, Feb, p. 96, Mar. p. 82, Apr. p. 85, May p. 86, June p, 74, July p. 96, Aug. p. 105, Sept. p. 108, Oct. p. 92, Nov. p. 126, Dec. p. 130, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, U. S. (also see HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPARTMENT OF) . Fish kills in Louisiana, aids in study of; Jan, p. 74, Sept. p. 18. Lake Michigan, contract awarded for water re- search in; Apr. p. 17. Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher- men; Nov. p. 58, Oregon fish and wildlife kills being investigated; July p. 29. PUERTO RICO Marine biology program of Nuclear Center; Apr. p. 27. Tuna firm, ARA industrial loan to; Oct. p. 82. PUGET SOUND Fish and wildlife resources of waters, survey of; Nov. p. 64. and adjacent PUMP Unloading fishing vessels, "airlift" being de- veloped by Canada for; Mar. p. 48, PURSE SEINING Salmon season opened July 1, 1964, in south- eastern Alaska; Sept. p. 11. PUSAN (see KOREA, REPUBLIC OF) PYROPHOSPHATES Canning king crab, effects of certain ture retention in; Aug. p. 19. on mois- QUAHOG (see CLAMS) QUALITY Halibut, Pacific, ex-vessel landings, evaluation of of; Sept. p. 24. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 QUALITY New York State accepts USDI inspection for fish; Apr. p. 30. Vessels, improvement guidelines for troll salmon; Apr. p. 29. RADIATION PRESERVATION (see IRRADIATION PRESERVATION; PRESERVATION) RECIPES Gourmet's guide to good eating; Nov. Suppl, outside back cover. Haddock baked a la maritimes; June p, 71. Halibut topped with french fried onion rings; Apr. outside back cover. Ocean perch German potato pancakes; July p. 108, Oysters, Maryland pan-fried; May p. 11. Salmon savory salad; Sept, outside back cover, Scallops amandine; Dec, p. 116. Shrimp ; Feb, p. 6, Noy. outside back cover, REFRIGERATED SEA WATER Quality of fish held in tested; Mar, p. 24. REFRIGERATION Freezing of fishery products, technical symposium on; Feb, p. 42. Vessel systems, Canadian developments in; Mar, p. 48. RESEARCH Canada awards ten scholarships in fisheries fields; Aug. p. 58. Che sapeake Council organized; Sept. p. 17. Great Lakes new station on Lake Huron; Aug. p. 58, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Japanese study tuna problems confronting fishing in- dustry; Nov. p. 90. RHODE ISLAND, UNIVERSITY OF Oceanography research training grants, funds re- ceived for graduate; July p. 25. Quahog research in Narragansett Bay conducted by ; Sept. p. 17. Research vessel ''Trident'' completes first year of operation; Jan, p. 27. Sports fishing research laboratory to be built on property; Feb. p. 50. RICE FARM PONDS (see FISH FARMING) ROE Herring: Alaska Aug. p. 13, harvest of -on-kelp ends in Apr,; July p. 8. being readied for shipment to Japan; ROUGH FISH Tennessee removal program, Apr.-June 1964; Dec. p. 61. RUMANIA Trawler, stern, built in Japan for ; Mar. p.67, Apr. p. 72, May p. 62, July p. 65, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Oysters, development of disease-resistant strains of; Nov, p. 52. 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW RYUKYU ISLANDS Japanese trawlers, use of Okinawans on; Dec. p.102. Tuna: fisheries agreement with Japan, Government seeks changes in; Dec, p. 111. fishing fleet increasing; Jan. p. 67. SABLEFISH Alaska landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9. North Pacific demersal fish survey by M/V "John N. Cobb" yields good catches; July p. 23. Smoked cured » petition to Food and Drug Administration to use sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in; Dec. p. 117. SAILFISH Tagging, Pacific area cooperative marine game fish program; Sept. p. 41. SALMON Alaska: canned pack, 1964; Dec. p. 23. canned pack, 1963; June p. 9. eggs processed as red caviar for Japan; Oct. p.13. harvest not jeopardized by earthquake damage; June p. 8 Japanese vessels, handling and processing of Prince William Sound aboard; Nov. p. 15. Karluk Lake escapement, Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 19. Kodiak plant processing operations following earthquake; Nov. p. 17. landings lower in 1963; Apr. p. 9. landings, 1964; Dec. p. 63. migration studies of juvenile fish; Nov. p. 20. waste utilization from ; Oct. p. 13. Atlantic fishery; Dec. p. 82. — Atlantic restoration studies; Apr. p. 30. California: hatchery losses due to food problem; Dec. p. 30. Sacramento River, antipollution dam will improve fish runs in; Apr. p. 29. Canada: : British Columbia canning industry asks for tariff reduction at 1964 GATT negotiations; July p. 48. east coast escapement improved in 1963; Mar. p. 45. Gulf of Alaska, studies in; Mar. p. 46, restocking program for and trout in Que- bec; Dec. p. 88. Strait of Georgia, tagging program in the; Feb. p. 67. tagging on Atlantic Coast; Aug. p. 55. tagging program for chinook and silver in British Columbia; Aug. p. 55. Canned: Canada: British Columbia pack lower in 1963; Jan, p. 43. pink market trends, Japanese views on; July p.62. Japan: Australia, sold to; June p. 44, export prices; Dec. p. 100. } Great Britain, sold to; Dec. p. 100. pack of land-based canners down; Sept. p. 75. pink export prices in Japan; Aug. p. 70. Cannery site of first Pacific Coast plant designated national historic landmark; June p, 25. Chinook: Columbia River fall returns in 1964; Dec. p. 36. 1964 Index SALMON Chinook: Columbia River tributaries, Oregon survey in1964 of spawning spring fish in selected; Dec. p. 37. Northwest rivers receive record plant of spring yearlings; June p. 25. Washington State Yakima River, excessive fishing damages run in; Dec. p. 67. Willamette River, massive program to introduce fall fish in upper; Apr. p. 30. Chum: Alaska: nursery areas discovered by M/V ''Heron"; Oct. p. 14, purse-seining season in southeast may be best in year; Sept. p. 11. Spawning in intertidal zone; Nov. p. 20. hatchery-reared fry, Russian theories on the in- ferior quality of; Nov. p. 143, Japan buys from Alaska; Oct. p. 67. Japanese ex-dock price; Dec. p. 100. spawning channel, Abernathy, proves effective for reproduction of ; Dec. p. 20. Coho nursery areas in Alaska discovered by M/V "Heron"; Oct. p. 14. Columbia River: migration patterns revealed by marking program; Oct. p. 35. summer fishery postponed; Aug.p. 37. Escapement aided by brief industrial plant shutdown at Willamette Falls, Oreg.; Oct. p. 33. Gill nets, monofilament and multifilament, compari- son of catches in, Part II; Oct. p.1, correction-- Dec. p. 68. Hatchery techniques, new; Apr. p. 39. Icelandic farm, investment opportunity in; Oct, p. 58, Industry-Government promotion campaign; July p.29. Japan: Alaska, purchases as of Aug. 7, 1964, from; Oct. p. 68, Alaska » postponement requested in sale of; Dec. p. 100, Alaskan sale to Japan completed; Oct. p. 68. catch by mothership fleets; Aug. p. 71. catch for Area B expected to be at record low; Sept. p. 75. factoryship, new, to be built; Apr. p. 61. _ fishermen for™ request tuna fishing licenses; ING, fs Tila To” gill nets, monofilament, used in North Pacific fishery; May p. 61. hatchery facilities for p. 75. Hokkaido canners hard hit by poor catch; Sept. p. 75. North Pacific: catch as of mid-June 1964; Sept. p. 75. mothership fishery for 1964;Sept.p.75,Oct.pp.68,69. mothership prices; Aug. p. 70, Oct. p. 69. U.S.S.R., negotiation concluded with; July pp. 42, 62. prices paid for first July p. 61. prices with vessel owners, Japanese negotiate; July p. 61. quota allotment for fishery and fleet composition; July p. 62. U.S.S.R., fisheries negotiations concluded with; July pp. 42, 62. , plans doubling; Feb. landings, May 1964; 1964 Index SALMON (cont.) King: Alaska Cook Inlet closed to fishing in 1964; Feb. p. 10. growth and life history of investigated by Calif. M/V "Nautilus"; Apr. p. 12. intermingling of U. S, and Canadian Pacific fish under study; Mar, p. 37. North Pacific: Aleutians, western, migration studies of; Oct. p. 36. gill nets, monofilament and multifilament, com- parison of catches in--Part I; Oct. p. 1, cor- rection--Dec, p. 68. high seas tagging planned by U.S, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries; July p. 30. winter distribution and tagging by M/V "George B, Kelez"; July p. 30. Oregon: egg take in 1963 sets new record; Mar, p,. 24, fish disease study center, new, primarily con- cerned with juvenile and steelhead in hatcheries; July p. 28. flume, new fish behavorial, built for in Northwest; Sept. p. 38. Metolius Hatchery closes and experimental hatch- ery station opens; Nov, p. 51. Sandy River runs, silver help rebuild; Dec. p. 56. Pacific intermingling under study, U. S. and Cana- dian; Mar, p. 37, transplants may Pink: Alaska: adult run, new, transported into Sashin Creek; Dec. p. 24. concentration, large, indicated off southeast coast; Sept. p. 12. egg deposition success varies in Sashin Creek; Mar, p. 9. Kodiak has excellent season; Nov, p- 16, nursery areas discovered by M/V "Heron"; Oct. p. 14, Olson Creek run as of Aug, 1964; Nov. p. 20. southeast egg survival rate considered good; June p. 10. transplanting of live fish at Little Port Walter; Nov. p. 20, workshop meets in Juneau; Apr. p. 9. Canada transplants Pacific fish to Atlantic coast; Mar, p. 44, Japan: buys from Alaska; Oct. p. 67. Hokkaido packers begin packing; Aug. p. 71. mothership firms to consign sales of Alaskan pinks to land-based Packers Association; Nov. p. 91. Quality improvement guidelines for troll vessels; Apr. p. 29. Recipe for savory salad; Sept, outside back cover. Recipe--''shannon" steaks; Mar. p. 101. Red (see Sockeye) Research in North Pacific by Canada and United States; Mar, p. 22. Silver: Columbia River returns in 1964; Dec. p. 36, intermingling of U. S. and Canadian Pacific fish under study; Mar, p. 37. Northwest rivers receive record plant of year- lings; June p, 25. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 SALMON Silver: Oregon State hatcheries, record release from; July p. 27. Sockeye (red): Alaska: Bristol Bay 1964 run fails; Oct. p. 13, escapement of adults to Karluk Lake as of Aug. 1964; Nov, p. 19. fry availability of p. 24. Karluk River spawning verified; Feb. p. 11. outmigration of smolt at Naknek Lake system; Nov. p, 19. serological sampling at Copper River; Nov. p. 19. spawning population, large, discovered in Naknek River; Feb, p. 11. Bristol Bay: forecast of run for 1964; May p, 12, Fraser River losses investigated; June p, 24. regulations for 1964 fishery in North Pacific; Apr. p. 45. Tagging, cooperative United States-Canadian program for; Dec. p. 59. U.S.S.R.: catch, 1963; June p. 60. farming of in Latvia; Apr. p. 74. new species of and sturgeon, Soviet scien- tists develop; May p. 76. Pacific hatcheries and fisheries; July p. 75. United Kingdom, farming method developed in Nor- way attracts interest in; Nov. p. 25, Washington: fish farm, new, established by cooperative effort; May p. 31. planting program continues; July p. 36. sport fishermen catch in 1963; May p. 37. tagging in Puget Sound continued; Aug, p. 45. low during summer; Dec. SALMONELLA International Atomic Energy Agency: recommendations made to prevent and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53, in foods SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC Salmon, sockeye: Fraser River losses investigated; June p, 24. regulations for 1964 in North Pacific; Apr. p, 45. SAN FRANCISCO Bay studies continued by research vessel M/V "Nautilus"; Nov. p. 21, SANITATION Clams, soft, area; Oct. p. 23. Minnesota regulations for fish-processing estab- lishm ents; July p. 20. National Shellfish Workshop, Fifth, to be held Nov, 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36. quality study in Middle Atlantic SAN PEDRO FISHERMEN'S FIESTA President lauds ; Dec, p. 127. SARDINES Canned: Dominican Republic prices reduced; Mar, p. 53, Jamaica market; Jan, p. 54, 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SARDINES (cont.) Canned (cont.): Japanese exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57. Maine: Bureau of the Census survey of distributors stocks of canned foods will include ; Jan. p. 74. can, new easy-open aluminum, developed for industry; Aug, p. 15. canning season opens; June p. 18. National Boy Scout Jamboree, Sept. p. 28. pack, 1963; Feb. p. 43. stocks; Jan. p. 20, Mar. p. 22, July p. 19, Sept. p. 27, Oct. p. 29. World's Fair display; June p. 19. Malaysia's imported , market trends for; Feb, p. 75. market trends and exports, 1963; Apr. p. 65. Morocco: loans receive renewed partial guarantee from Government; Nov. p. 103. market trends, 1963; Mar. p. 64, Philippine Government opened another bid on im- ported ; Aug. p. 83. Portugal's supply reported adequate to meet de- mand; Jan, p. 68. Ivory Coast fishery, new development in; Sept. p.70. Morocco; fisheries trends, first quarter 1963; July p. 68. industry development project; May p. 68. South Africa Republic: Philippine President approves purchase of 8 June p. 95. pilchard-maasbanker fishery, May-June 1964; Dec. p. 112. Taiwan fisheries trends, Feb. 1964; June p. 58. served at; SAURY Canned: Japan: exports, Apr.-Oct. 1963; Jan. p. 57. exports for Aug. 1963-June 1964 and estimates for following business year; Oct. p. 70. Hokkaido canners sign advance purchase agree- ment with fishermen's association; Nov. p. 96. Japan: landings down sharply in 1963; Jan. p. 57. production and export trends, late Nov. 1963; Feb. p. 79. SAUSAGE (see FISH SAUSAGE) SCALLOP(S) Alaska: exploratory fishing for "Paragon''; Oct. p. 13. processing of considered by new corporation in Juneau area; Mar. p. 8. Australia: bed, new, shows promise; Oct. p. 50. catch on new grounds off Victoria; Oct. p. 50. exports increase; Oct. p. 51. exports planned, increase in; Nov. p. 76. fishery expands; Nov. p. 77. Tasmania season extended; Sept. p. 58. Calico: bottom grounds off Florida's east coast photo- graphed by M/V "Silver Bay"; May p. 32. and shrimp by M/V 1964 Index SCALLOP(S) Calico: Florida: distribution survey; Feb. p. 47. survey by M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 29. trawling survey off east coast by M/V ''Silver Bay" yields ; June p. 29. Gulf of Alaska: explorations, 1963; Mar. p. 1. exploratory fishing by M/V ''Paragon"’; Nov. p. 19. Irish grounds discovered; Aug. p. 66. Oregon resources off coast surveyed by M/V "John N. Cobb"; Jan. p. 22. Panama; fishery trends; Sept. p. 89. production in 1963 and potential; Apr. p. 69. Sea: Georges Bank population survey continued; Aug. p. 34, Dec. p. 51. New England landings in 1963 and forecast for 1964; Feb. p. 36. recipe for amandine; Dec. p. 116, shellfish favorite, a year-round; Dec. p. 116. SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM National School Lunch Week; Oct. p. 36. SCOTLAND A Vessel, new fisheries research, for Federation of South Arabia being constructed in ; Feb. p.66. SEA BREAM Japanese council formed of long-line fishery operators off New Zealand; Dec. p. 103. SEA COW (see MANATEE) SEAL(S) (also see FUR SEALS) Canada: harbor , Pacifie Coast, bounty payments dis- continued on; Sept. p. 59. harp stocks decline; Mar. p. 45. Harp and hood: International Convention for the Northwest Atlan- tic Fisheries: Canada ratifies protocol amendment; May p. 43. Denmark and France ratify protocol amend- ment; Dec. p. 79. Iceland ratifies protocol amendment; June p.35. Soviet Union ratifies protocol amendment; July p. 42. Norway's sealing expedition to Antarctic; Sept. p.88. Norwegian-Soviet Commission sixth session held in Oslo; Feb. p. 65, South Africa Republic and Territory of South-West Africa catch, 1963; Nov. p. 111. SEA LAMPREY (see LAMPREY, SEA) SEA OTTER California: population determined by census; Aug. p. 15. population survey; Apr. p. 12, May p. 13. SEA SCALLOPS (see SCALLOPS) SEAWEED (also see INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM) Artificial , Danish tests indicate shoreline may be protected by; Oct. p. 56. 1964 Index SENEGAL Fish landings up sharply in 1962; Jan. p. 68. Shrimp fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p, 112. Tuna vessels, four, to be purchased from British; Nov. p. 109. SHARK Basking: Norway signs agreement with Great Britain on fishing for and dogfish; Dec. p. 109. Norway to continue fishing for and dogfish off Great Britain; Sept. p. 88. Hatchery fish feed, Washington State firm to process dogfish into; July p. 37. Hearing and related senses of being studied by Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami; Dec, p. 59. Mexico's Teacapan (Sinaloa) fishery; Aug. p. 78. Prey detected by vibration; Oct. p. 108. Smoked fillets, Britain markets first shipment of; Nov. p. 115. Sound waves of low frequency may guide to food; Dec. p. 59. Tas? Sport fishing for 3; June p. 7. U.S. study, Japanese tuna long-line exploratory cruise in Eastern Tropical Pacific aids; July p. 61. SHELLFISH Anesthetic may aid biological research; Aug. p. 37. Labor Department, processing industry to be surveyed again by; Mar. p. 77. Lake Erie may have commercial value; Jan, p. 28. New York State, reclamation project in; Oct. p, 37. North Pacific industry affected by recent disasters; Oct. p. 37. Sanitation: Maine conducts research; Oct. p. 37. National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, fifth, to be held Nov, 17-19, 1964; Oct. p. 36. Scallop explorations in Gulf of Alaska, 1963; Mar. Dive SHRIMP (also see INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUN- CIL) Alaska: canned pack, 1963; June p. 9. exploratory fishing by M/V "Paragon"; Aug. p. 14, @ct.p. ts; Nov. p. 27. landings for 1963; Apr. p. 9. pots with black mesh in vertical string fish better; Feb, p. 11. processing of and crab started by new corporation in Juneau area; Mar. p. 8, trawling experiments yield heavy catches; May pe 13. Arabian Sea catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov. Suppl. p. 27. Aransas Pass, Tex., seasonal distribution patterns of adult and larval off, Jan.-Mar,. 1964; July p. 16. Australia: common names for ; June p. 36, exports increase; Oct. p. 51. farming shrimp and tuna fishing, joint ventures with Japanese considered in; Nov. p. 76. fishery good in 1964; Nov. p. 76. imports, duty on; Sept. p. 57. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 SHRIMP (also see INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP COUN- CIL) Australia: landings in fiscal year 1962/63 increase substan- tially; Sept. p. 57. Bait fisheries and postlarval abundance, surveys of; Mar. p. 18, July p. 16, Barbados fishery promising, outlook for; July p. 47. Bay of Bengal catches by R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov. Suppl. p. 27. Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for fresh and frozen cooked crab and Apuan. Ly 1964-Mar. 31, 1965; May p. 47. Bering Sea: Japanese factoryship also fishes for herring and Pacific ocean perch; June p. 9. Soviet vessels fish for in; July p. 7. Biology program in Gulf of Mexico, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43. British Guiana industry trends for 1963 and outlook for 1964; Aug. p. 55. California: commercial quota off Crescent City-Eureka area increased; Sept. p. 14. distribution survey continued; Mar. p. 14. resources off coast surveyed by M/¥V "Alaska"; Apr aU. resources survey in northern and central coastal waters continued by M/V "'N.B. Scofield"; Oct. jeieltsis Canned: Gulf States pack; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p.32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 37, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Decl ph. Ol. Japan exports to Great Britain; Dec. p. 103. Central and South America, portion of U.S. fleet migrates to; Sept. p. 99. Chicago, II1.: prices, wholesale, for frozen domestic brown species (5-lb. pkg.); Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 37, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61. Costa Rica: landings, 1963/64 season; Aug. p. 60. Pacific fishery; Dec. p. 90. Ecuador: industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 65. producers hurt by lower prices in U.S. market; Jan, p. 49. Farming seOCT ps 45. French Guiana, U.S. firms continue to expand in; Jan, p. 50. Frozen; futures trading, new contracts opened for; Apr. p. 30, inventories; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 37, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61. Japan: inventory, high, traders concerned over; Jan, p. 58, market for ; May p. 62. Panama's production in 1963; Apr. p. 68. raw breaded; production, 1963; June p, 26. standards of identity, public hearing on; Feb, j9)5 0 kz \y os ne Fy Cit IA 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SHRIMP (cont. ) Frozen (cont. ): Taiwan's exports, 1963; May p. 74. Greenland fishery trends, 1963-64; Nov. p. 85. Guatemala: catch, 1962-1963; June p. 40. Champerico industry trends; May p. 52. exports to United States in 1962; Mar. p. 55. fishing investment opportunity; Oct. p, 58. Japanese-Guatemalan joint operations; Oct. p. 58. Gulf of Mexico: Aransas Pass (Tex. ) Inlet, study of seasonal dis- tribution patterns of adult and larval in, Oct. -Dec. 1963; Mar. p. 19. bait, surveys of postlarval abundance and fisher- ies for, July-Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 43. commercial catch sampling; July p. 16, Dec. p. 44. distribution studies; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 27, Apr. p. 19, May p. 22, July p. 14, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 23, Oct. p. 26, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 45. Florida Bay ecology studies, Oct.-Dec. 1963; Mar, p. 18. gear studies continued; Jan. p. 13, Feb. p. 22, Apr. p. 18, July p. 12. investigations by M/V "Oregon"; Apr. p. 17, May p. 21. larvae studies on distribution and abundance; July p. 15, Dec. p. 43. migrations, growth, and mortality of brown and white studied; Mar. p. 18, July p. 17, Dec. p. 44. Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters, study of abundance of postlarval in; Mar. p. 19, July p. 17, Dec. p. 44. population dynamics studies; Mar. p. 19, July p. 17, Dec. p. 44. royal-red investigations continued; July p. 13. Vermilion Bay (La. ), seasonal distribution of postlarval in; Mar. p. 19, July p. 17. Head and vein removing tool patented; Nov. p. 37. Imports; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32,May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 38, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61. India: Cochin, new processing plant in; May p. 53. Japanese-Indian joint fishing firm concentrates on § Ofetis fh BS International Shrimp Council planned to promote consumption; Sept. p. 56. Japan: Alaska, fishing activity off; Sept. p. 10. Bering Sea fishery; July p. 63, Sept. p. 76. Guatemalan-Japanese fishing venture trends, Nov. 1963; Jan. p. 51. import trends; Aug. p. 74. Pribilof Islands, fishery north of; July p. 8. Surinam, fishing operations in; Oct. p. 79. r) trawler-cannery, stern, built for North Pacific fishery; Sept. p. 77. Korea, Republic of, farming of ; Dec. p. 104. Landings, Jan. -Sept. 1964; Dec. p. 64. Louisiana fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 37. Mexico: fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 100. fishing seasons, opening of; Nov. p. 98. French Guiana, vessels to fish for; June 1 Dil, Japanese propose joint venture with Guaymas fishing cooperatives; May p. 60. 1964 Index ; SHRIMP ! Mexico: | Kuwait, vessels built for; Aug. p. 76. season for fishing to open; Dec. p. vessel owners, Campeche, suffer from lower prices; Jan. p. 63. vessel tie-up at Mazatlan, possible effects of 3 July p. 68. Mississippi Sound; catch analyzed; May p. 25. post larval studies continued; Aug. p. 34. Nicaragua, El Bluff, U.S. fisheries firm begins processing at; Jan. p. 65. Nigerian resources promising; Sept. p. 86. Norwegian shipyards to build vessels for Kuwait; July p. 72. Pakistan: processing capacity of plants in Karachi; Aug. p. 82. producing costs; May p. 71. Panama fishery trends, 1963; Sept. p. 88. Peeling machinery, FTC bars discrimination in rentals and sales of; Aug. p. 88. Philippine exports, 1963; Dec. p, 110. Pink; California survey of resources in northern waters by M/V "Joseph Alioto"; Oct. p. 20. juvenile phase of the life history in the Everglades, Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Dec. p. 43. larvae abundance and distribution on Tortugas grounds; Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Dec. p. 43. marking study on Tortugas grounds; May p. 23. migrations, growth,and mortality of , Jan, - Mar. 1964; July p. 15. migration study off Florida, seabed drifters re- leased in; Dec. p. 60. Pond cultivation studies in South Carolina; Feb. p. 49, Nov. p. 56. Postlarval studies indicate possible value as index of adult population; Feb. p. 44. Recipe for oven-fried curried with hot marmalade soy dip; Nov. outside back cover. Recipes for ; Feb. p. 6. Red fishery, El Salvador encourages develop- ment of; Dec. p. 91. Rock , trawling survey off Florida's east coast by M/V "Silver Bay" yields; June p. 29. Royal red; bottom grounds off Florida's east coast photo- graphed by M/V "Silver Bay"; May p. 32. Florida east coast, fishing good in June off; Sept.. p. 39. potential fishing ground found off Caribbean coast of Colombia; Sept. p. 23. seasonal distribution survey continued (M/V "Oregon" cruise 88); Feb. p. 24. Senegal fishery trends, 1964; Dec. p. 112. South Africa Republic west coast, exploratory fish- ing off; Sept. p. 92. South Atlantic and Gulf port ex-vessel prices, all species; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 33, Aug. p. 38,Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61. South Atlantic and Gulf States landings; Jan. p. 29, Feb, p. 43, Apr. p. 32, May p. 31, June p. 27, July p. 32, Aug. p. 38, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec. p. 61. South Carolina studies; Feb. p. 49, May p. 33, Nov. p. 56. » vessels leave Mazatlan 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 SHRIMP (cont.) Supply indicators for U. S,; Jan, p. 29, Feb. p. 43, Apr, p. 32, May p. 31, June p, 27, July Pp. 32, Aug. p. 37, Sept, p. 38, Oct, p. 37, Nov. p. 55, Dec, Pp. 61, Surinam, U. S.- owned firm's operations in; Oct, pe 79. Taiwan: exports increased in 1963; Feb, p. 84, exports, Jan.-June 1964; Dec, p, 114. U. S, supply and disposition of in 1963; June p. 26, Vancouver Island, B. C., explorations by M/V "John N. Cobb,'' October-November 1962; June p, 1. Venezuela processing plant, new; Feb, p, 87. Vessels: equipment sold to Colombia firm by U. S. com- pany; May p. 15. four new, delivered by Texas shipyard to Japanese firm in Surinam; June p, 58, U. S. otter-trawl, in the Gulf of Mexico, utilization of, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1. Vietnam: exports to Japan up in 1963; July p. 80. exports to United States, 1963; July p, 80. fishing potential ; May p. 72. SIBERIA Fresh-water fisheries of ; Apr. p. 74. SKIN DIVING Intercom, underwater, permits skin divers to talk; July p. 92. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Alaska: firm to receive loan funds from instead of ARA; Mar, p. 76. firms in earthquake disaster area receive loans; Aug. p. 97. Disaster loans for hurricane-damaged areas; Dec, je 1206 Great Lakes fishery firms, assistance for economic injury suffered by; Apr. p. 78. Loans to New England commercial fisheries firms; Oct, p. 86, Dec, p. 125, SMELT Trawling explorations in Lake Erie, May-November 1960; Apr. p. 1. SMOKED FISH Canadian: regulations; Apr. p. 51. scientists develop new process for smoking small fish; Mar, p. 49. Chub: processing studies, status report on; Feb, p. 44, Sept. p. 39. smoking, experimental, preliminary report on; Nov. p. 1. SNAPPER Trawling, good, possibilities for oan off Caribbean coast of Colombia; Sept. p. 23. SOLAR STILLS India, sea water purified by in; May p, 104, SOLE Dover growth studies conducted in Monterey Bay, Calif., Feb. p. 12. English growth studies in Monterey Bay, Calif., by M/V “Nautilus"; Oct. p. 14. Pacific, North, migrations; Sept. p, 19. Petrale: irradiated fillets, acceptance tests conducted for; Nov. p. 54. a a eer studies and tagging off California by . B, Scofield"; Dec, p. 26, SOMALI REPUBLIC Delegation studies U. S, fishing industry; Jan, p. 68, Fisheries group considers joint venture with U.S, firms; June p. 58, Fish processing and freezing plant to be built in Alula as joint U. S.- venture; June p, 58. SOUNDS Research on may aid commercial fisheries; Apr. p. 28, SOUND WAVES Soviets claim marine groups can be identified by ; Aug, p. 86, SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Anchovies; catches, remarkably good, made by fishing vessel; Aug. p. 84, fishery, new, may develop rapidly; Nov. p. 110. resources off coast explored; Sept. p. 92, Canned fishery products, domestic consumption of leading, 1962-1963; Nov. p, 112, Canned fishery products, production of leading, 1962-1963; Nov, p. 110, Cannery, fish, planned for Angola by interests; Mar, p. 40, Chilean fish meal factory at Iquique dedicated as a joint venture with ; May p. 48. Consumption, domestic, of leading processed fishery products, 1963; Nov. p, 111, Exports of fishery products, 1963; Oct, p. 77. Fisheries development, early 1964; July p. 73, Fisheries trends, early 1964; July p, 72. Fish meal: export quota for 1964 increased; Mar, p, 67. Japanese association contracts to sell to; Jan. p, 69. Japan to import from ; July p. 67. production and exports; May p,. 40, Oct. p. 44. production for 1964 sold or committed; Sept. p. 93. production, 1962-1963; Nov, p. 110. Japanese stern trawler, new, to fish off ; May Pp. 63, Landings, fishery, 1963; Sept. p. 96, Nov, p. 111, Mackerel fishery, 1963; May p. 72. Marine oil production, 1962-1963; Nov. p, 110. Pilchard-maasbanker fishery trends; May p. 72, July pp. 73, 74, Oct. pp. 76, 77, Dec, p, 112. Portuguese trawling operations off 3; May p.72. Processed fishery products, production of leading, 1962-1963; Nov. p. 110, Quality specifications for fishery products; Sept, Sardines, Philippine President approves purchase of; June p, 55. Seal catch, 1963; Nov, p. 111, Shrimp exploratory fishing off west coast; Sept. p. 92. Spiny lobster fishing regulations amended; Sept, p, 93, 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC (cont.) Trawl fishery, offshore, early 1964; July p. 73. Tuna: fishery trends, early 1964; July p. 73. fishing fleet, company expanding; Mar. p. 67. Japanese transshipment operations at Durban; Feb, p. 73. vessel delivers good catches; Noy, p. 110, Vessel: fiberglass, successful in pitchard fishery; Nov. | p. 112, ' new, equipped for drum-trawl fishing; Sept. p. 95. Whale catch, 1963; Nov, p, 111. SOUTH AMERICA Whaling bases, Japanese, in Apr. p. 62. to be surveyed; SOUTH ARABIA, FEDERATION OF Vessel, new fisheries research; Feb, p. 66. SOUTH ATLANTIC Crab, blue, industry of transition; Dec, p. 1. Fishery products, more, used in U. S, in 1963; May p. 34. Seabed and its underlying structure in Caribbean Sea, giant ''echo-sounder" maps; Dec. p. 54. Soviet fishing activity in and Gulf of Mexico; Aug. p. 38. --an industry in SOUTH ATLANTIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Bottomfish explorations continued (M/V "Silver Bay'' cruise 57); Aug. p. 38. Explorations continued by research vessel "Oregon"; Sept. p. 40. Fishery explorations, preliminary, off Hispaniola and scallop survey off Florida (M/V "Silver Bay" cruise 50); Jan. p. 29. Georgia, fishery explorations for commercial spe- cies continued off; Mar, p. 25, M/vV "Silver Bay'' returned to its owners, the chartered; Sept, p. 41. North and South Carolina, exploratory trawling continued off; July p, 31. Royal-red shrimp and calico scallop bottom grounds photographed off Florida east coast; May p. 32. Scallop distribution survey off Florida (M/V ''Silver Bay" cruise 51); Feb. p. 47. South Carolina, exploratory trawling for commer- cial species off; Mar. p. 26, Trawling survey off Florida east coast (M/V "Silver Bay" cruise 55); June p. 27. Venezuela, preliminary survey off the coast of; Jan, p. 12. SOUTH CAROLINA Bottomfish explorations off p. 38, Crab, blue, abundance studies with experimental trawling, July-December 1963; Feb. p. 49. Exploratory trawling for commercial species off by M/V "Silver Bay"; Mar, p. 26, Finfish studies, July-Sept. 1964; Nov. p. 56, Fisheries biological research progress; Feb. p. 47, May p. 33, Nov, p, 55, Oyster studies; Feb. p, 47, May p. 33, Nov. p. 55. Plankton studies, January-March 1964; May p. 33. continued; Aug. 1964 Index SOUTH CAROLINA Pond cultivation studies of finfish and shrimp, July- December 1963; Feb. p. 49. Research vessel, new; Feb. p. 50. Shrimp: pond cultivation studies of; Feb. p. 49, Nov. p. 56. studies; Feb. p, 49, May p. 33, Nov. p. 56, Tagging of fish, July-December 1963; Feb. p. 49. Trawling: experimental, studies; Feb. p, 49, May p. 33. exploratory, off ; July p. 31. SOUTH CHINA SEA Tuna, Soviet Union fishing in for; June p, 59. SOUTH KOREA (also see KOREA, REPUBLIC OF) French shipyards receive orders from Soviets for fishery factoryships and from for trawlers; Nov. p. 83, Japanese seeking additional foreign currency for fishery imports from; Oct. p. 72, Vessels, asks Japan to liberalize exports of; Sept. p. SOUTH PACIFIC Tuna: Japanese mothership operations in ; June p. 47, Aug. p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p. 66, Dec. p. 98. New Caledonia, more Japanese vessels move to; Apr. p. 61, SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Fisheries trends, early 1964; July p. 73. Fish meal production and exports, January-May 1963-64; Oct. p. 44, Landings, fishery, set another record in 1963; Sept. p. 96, Pilchard; fishing industry trends; July p. 73, Oct. p. 77, Dec, p, 113, quotas for 1963 and 1964 seasons increased; Feb. p. 81, season in 1963 sets record; Mar, p. 68. Walvis Bay season gets under way; Aug. p. 84. SOVIET BLOC : Icelandic fishery exports to the , 1963; June p. 41. SPAIN Canada convicts trawler for violation of ter- ritorial waters; Sept. p. 59. Canned fish industry trends, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p. 68, Cannery, new fish, Spanish businessmen to finance for Mexico construction of; Dec, p. 106. Fisheries development plan, 1964-1967; Mar. p, 68, Fish meal production and imports, 1962/63 and forecast 1963/64; May p. 73. Japanese tuna exporters seeking more trade with and Cuba; Sept. p. 72. La Coruna landings and prices, Oct.-Dec, 1963; Mar. p. 68. Mauritania signs 50-year fisheries treaty with ; July p. 67. Trawl fish caught by imported by Japanese firm; Mar, p. 62. Vigo: canned fish industry; Dec. p, 114, 1964 Index SPAIN (cont.) Vigo (cont.): fishery trends; Mar. p. 68, Aug. p. 85, Oct. p. 78, Dec, p. 113. landings and prices; Mar, p. 68, Dec, p, 114, SPAWNING CHANNEL Salmon, chum, Abernathy for reproduction of; Dec, p. proves effective SPERM OIL Antarctic production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 49. Japanese Antarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80, Peruvian exports 1963; Aug. p. 83, SPINY LOBSTER (also see LOBSTERS) Australian exports increase; Oct, p. 51, Costa Rica landings, 1963/64 season; Aug, p. 60, Panama production in 1963; Apr. p. 69, SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF Federal aid: fishery research and special studies; Dec, p, 39. funds for restoration projects apportioned by Interior for FY 1965; Aug, p, 20, Fishing, sport, license sales increased in 1963; July p. 33, Hatchery water, studies on re-use of; Dec, p, 38, National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, trained dolphins will be featured at; Apr. p. 22, Pesticide effects on fish and wildlife, as- signed responsibility for field surveillance of; Dec, p, 56, Rough fish removal program in Tennessee; Dec, p. 61, Salmon, Atlantic, will carry out fish culture experiments on; Apr. p. 30. SPORT FISHING Federal research laboratory, new, to be built on University of Rhode Island property; Feb, p, 50, License sales for increased in 1963; July p. 33, Mexico, Mazatlan, industry; Aug. p. 77. Shark in United States; June p. 7. SQUID Canada's far north, small found in; Mar, p. 47, ST, PIERRE Harbor and processing facilities improved; Apr, p. 72. STANDARDS Codex Alimentarius (Food ) Commission, Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec. p, 75. Fish blocks, frozen, revised for grades of; Aug. p. 90, Nov. p. 117, Halibut, Pacific, quality evaluation of ex-vessel landings continued; Sept. p. 24. International for fishery products, a progress report on the development of; Sept. p, 1. International trade, experts seek worldwide for fishery products in; Apr. p. 44, Shrimp, frozen raw breaded, identity , public hearing on; Feb. p, 88, Apr. p. 77. Tuna, canned: identity amendment became effective June 15, 1964; Aug. p. 90, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 STANDARDS Tuna, canned: identity » amendment requested in; Apr. p,77. Weights and measures activities in the USDI fishery products and inspection programs; Oct, p, 8. World trade in fishery products, model worked out by fisheries group for; May p. 40, STATE, DEPARTMENT OF Fishery Attaches appointed for Mexico and Africa; Mar, p. 77. STATES Financial aid to for research and development of commercial fisheries; Sept. p, 100, STATISTICS Commercial fishing industry economic census planned; Apr, p. 77. STEELHEAD Oregon: fish disease study center, new, primarily con- cerned with juvenile salmon and in hatch- eries; July p. 28. flume, new fish behavorial, built for in northwest; Sept. p. 38, Yamhill River, planted in; Aug, p. 36, Washington, incidental catch minimized by larger mesh nets in; June p, 32, STERN TRAWLING (see TRA WLING) STRIPED BASS Long Island marking program, tag returns sought from; Feb. p. 51, STRUVITE CRYSTALS Crab, king, canned, use of certain pyrophosphates to control in; Aug. p. 19. STURGEON Fry hatched artificially by Soviets with new type equipment; Mar, p, 27, U.S.S.R.: scientists develop new species of salmon and ; May p. 76. develops new variety of ; Sept. p. 97. SUBMARINE One-man fiberglass many; Aug. p. 63. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: deep-diving for; Apr. p. 25. deep-diving for oceanographic research commissioned by; Aug. p. 36. developed in West Ger- SUBSIDIES Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, proposed regula=- tions announced for notice and hearing require- ments of; Dec, p, 123, OECD adopts a position on fishing industry ; Oct, p. 48. SUDAN Crustaceans specialist meeting attended by > Apr, p. 40, Soviet fishery technicians complete survey of Red Sea waters; Apr. p. 72, 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SURINAM Shrimp: Japanese fishing operations in ; Oct. p. 79. United States-owned firm's operations in Oct. p. 79. vessels, four new, delivered by Texas shipyard to Japanese firm in ; June p, 58, SWEDEN Exports of fishery products, 1960-1962; Feb, p. 82. Fishing fleet, status of, 1962; Feb. p, 82. Fishing industry trends, 1962 and estimate for 1963; Feb, p. 81. Imports of fishery products, 1960-1962; Feb. p. 83. Landings, fishery, 1961-1962; Feb, p. 82, Midwater pair-trawling for large herring, experi- mental, shows promise; Jan, p. 69, Nordic Fisheries Conference, ninth, attended by ; Sept. p. 55, Nordic, joint, fisheries limits considered; June p. 39. Pakistan helped by ing craft; July p, 41. Shrimp fishing agreement, Swedish-Norwegian; Feb, p. 84. Vessels: floating docks, two, built in Nov. p. 113, freezer-transports, ten, built in fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113. Whaling Convention, International, withdrawal from; Apr. p. 72. to mechanize small fish- for U.S.S.R.; for Soviet SWIMMING SPEEDS Fish ; Oct. p. IV. SWORDFISH Atlantic, North, survey continued; June p, 20, Canada: Newfoundland long-lining experiments suc- cessful; Jan, p, 45. Nova Scotia's swordfish landings boosted by long- lining; Jan, p. 44. Japanese to fish in Northwest Atlantic; Oct. p. 70. Larval specimens of collected in the South Atlantic; Nov. p. 48. North Atlantic, western, distribution studies of and tuna by M/V "'Delaware"; Sept. p. 28. Vessel "'Chilmark Sword" delivered; Dec. p. 64, TAGGING Alaska, king crab Bank area; Sept. p. 13. Cod crosses the Atlantic; Apr. p. 8. Crab, king, Alaska recoveries reduced by heavy winds; Mar. p. 9. Flounder blackback setts; Aug, p. 34, Fur seals, modified techniques suggested to prevent excess mortality of; Aug. p. 22. Game fish: Pacific area cooperative marine (marlin and sailfish) program; Sept. p. 41. results of program for 1963 by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Feb. p. 52. Halibut and sole and migration studies by Oregon Fish Commission; Sept. p. 19, Lobster: population studies aided by new Oct, p. 28. operations in Portlock program off Massachu- method; 1964 Index TAGGING Lobster: spiny, Australia's project; July p. 46. Ocean perch, annual check of tagged fish at Eastport, Maine; Sept. p. 35, Patent awarded on new od; Aug. p. 39. Salmon: Canada: Atlantic Coast chinook and silver Columbia; Aug. p. 55. program in the Strait of Georgia; Feb. p. 67. North Pacific high=-seas planned by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; July p, 30, United States-Canadian cooperative program; Dec, p. 59. Sole, petrale, California migration studies and by M/V_"N. B, Scofield"; Dec. p, 26. South Carolina fish studies, July-December 1963; Feb. p. 49. Striped bass tag returns sought from Long Island marking program; Feb, p, 51. Tuna: bluefin: Atlantic Ocean results by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1963; Feb. p, 52. fish tagged off Baja California recaptured near Japan; Sept. p. 42. Canadian scientists study migrations off Atlantic coast; Mar. p, 45. Italy tags young bluefin and albacore in Sicily; and recovering meth- ; Aug. p. 55, program in British May p. 55, Washington, salmon in Puget Sound continued; Aug. p. 45. TAHITI Tuna, Japanese mothership departs for to fish; June p. 46, July p. 59. TAIWAN Carp, artificial hatching of; Mar, p, 70. Exports of fishery products, 1963; May p, 74. Fisheries: production, 1962-1963; Mar. p, 69, trends; Jan. p. 69, Mar, p. 69, June p, 58. trends in 1963 and outlook for 1964; May p. 73. Italy and to sign fishery agreement; Nov. p. p. 112, Mullet, artificial hatching of; Mar. p. 70. Sardine fisheries trends, Feb, 1964; June p, 58. Shrimp: exports increased in 1963; Feb. p. 84. exports, Jan,-June 1964; Dec, p. 114, Tuna: Chinese fishermen to train Cameroon fishermen; July p. 48. fisheries aided by World Bank loan for purchase of new fishing vessels; May p. 74. fisheries trends, Feb, 1964; June p, 58, TANGANYIKA Fishery resources of Apr. p. 73. surveyed by Japanese; TANGLE NETS } Japanese king crab fishery, polypropelene to by used in; May p. 62, 1964 Index TARIFF COMMISSION, U.S, Fishery products, some, hearings held preliminary to 1964 GATT negotiations on; Feb, p. 89, Groundfish: and ocean perch fillets, hearings on exclusion from tariff modifications of; Feb, p, 91. fillets reserved from trade-agreement negotia- tions; June p, 64, TARIFFS Australian import regulations affecting fisheries; July p, 45. Belgium-Luxembourg import quota and duty for fresh and frozen cooked crab and shrimp, Jan, 1, 1964-Mar, 31, 1965; May p. 47. European Free Trade Association: import on certain fishery products; Apr, p. 40. industrial reduced another 10 percent; Mar, p. 35. GATT negotiations, 1964, British Columbia canned salmon industry asks for reduction at; July p, 48, Schedules of United States of August 31, 1963, Com- mittee on Ways and Means invites suggested changes in; Feb, p. 93. Tariff Commission, U. S., hearings held on some fishery products preliminary to 1964 GATT nego- tiations; Feb, p. 89, Trade Information Committee, U. S., hearings held on some fishery products preliminary to 1964 GATT negotiations; Feb, p, 89, United Kingdom Prime Minister asks worldwide reduction; July p. 78. TAX(ES) Alaskans receive time extension for income reduction claims; Aug. p. 97. Fishermen: considered independent contractors for purposes by U. S, Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; July p. 88, employees for purposes, U, S, Circuit Court of Appeals holds; Jan, p, 79. TECHNICIANS Washington State fishery Peninsula College; May p. 37. to be trained at TECHNOLOGY Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference held on Oct, 11-14, 1964; Oct. p, 14, Composition and nutritive value of fishery products, research program on; Mar, p, 23, TELEVISION Electrical fishing gear in operation observed by aboard M/V "Delaware"; Sept. p. 30, Underwater , king crab located with, by M/V "Paragon"; Sept. p. 12. TENNESSEE Rough fish removal program, April-June 1964; Dec. p. 61. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Commercial and sport fish catches, 1963; Mar, p. 28. Commercial fish harvest, reservoirs offer larger; Mar, p, 28. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 TERRITORIAL SEA Convention on the into force; Oct. p. Law of the Sea Conference, Third International, recommended by American Bar Association group; Dec, p, 39. and Contiguous Zone enters TERRITORIAL WATERS Canada: convicts Spanish trawler for violation of pi Sept. p. 59. extended fishing limits do not apply to U. S, fishing vessels; Oct, p, 52, Colombia establishes 200-mile ; Jan, p. 47. Denmark's fishing limits; Apr. p. 53. Japan: reaction to new U, S. law on fishing in ; Aug. p. 73. views on new law prohibiting fishing in U. S, by foreign vessels; Nov, p. 91. Pakistan's extension of to 12 miles advocated; Jan, p. 67, Togo Republic law regulating commercial fishing extends to 12 miles; Sept. p, 97. Turkey considers 12-mile fishing limit; June p. 58. United Kingdom invites 16 nations for conference on ; Jan. p. 72. TEXAS Animal feed, observations and views in of fishery byproducts in; Aug, p. 28. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission annual meeting in Brownsville, ; Nov. p. 35, Shrimp vessels, four new, delivered by ship- yard to Japanese firm in Surinam; June p, 58, on use THAILAND Fisheries survey planned; Aug, p, 86, Malayan fish imports, lifting of ban requested by on; Jan, p. 70, Subsidy, fishery, fund use; May p. 74. TOGO, REPUBLIC OF Imports of fishery products from U,S,S,R, increase in 1963; July p. 74. Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p. 41, Territorial waters extended to 12 miles by law regulating commercial fishing; Sept. p. 97. "TOWNSEND CROMWELL," M/V Research vessel of Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies, successful maiden voyage completed by new; May p. 13, TRADE AGREEMENT Denmark's new with Soviets may include fish freezerships; Jan. p. 49. TRADE EXPANSION ACT GATT 21st session held at Geneva; May p. 41. TRADE FAIR Denmark's Copenhagen fisheries ber 1964; Apr. p. 57, Dec. p, 91, in Septem- TRADE INFORMATION COMMITTEE, U.S, Fishery products, some, hearings held by preliminary to 1964 GATT negotiations on; Feb, p. 89, 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TRAINING Washington State fishery technicians to be trained at Peninsula College; May p. 37. TRANSPORTATION Alaska: barge facility being built at Ketchikan; Aug, p, 13. lower water transportation rates stayed, Federal Maritime Commission order for; Sept. p. 104. rail-barge services expanding; Feb. p. 52, Mar. Dee Alaska Steamship Company: cargo rates, seasonal, denial of petition for re- hearing on; Aug. p. 14, tariff reduction order by Federal Maritime Com- mission stayed by U. S. Court of Appeals; Sept. p. 104, ICC approves charge for less-than-carload ship- ments; Apr, p. 78. REA files tariffs to increase charges; Feb. p. 51. Truckers of New England, rate increase sought by; Feb, p. 51, Washington-Alaska rail-barge service expanded; Feb. p. 52. TRAP Shrimp, Alaska, » vertical string with black mesh fish better; Feb. p, 11. Slat tested for harvesting fish ponds; Feb. p. 1%, TRAWL Electric tests on shrimp continued in Gulf of Mexico; Feb, ps 22. Pelagic , 'Cobb" type tested for effectiveness in catching winter herring; Jan. p. 22. TRA WLER(S) Communist China plans purchase of large from Japan; Sept. p. 60. Computer, stern vessel design produced by; Sept. p. 87, Freezer- : in Britain Tands frozen blocks of whole fish; May p. 76. new, launched in United Kingdom; Apr. p. 76. Stern : "Canyon Prince,'' new small type; Nov. p. 61. New Zealand builds small type; Oct. p. 74. Norwegian factory-type lands frozen processed catch in England; July p. 70. Rumania orders two new freezer types from Japan; Mar, p. 67. United Kingdom: freezership- Jan, p. 71. newest addition to freezer- Sept. p. 98. stern of "Daring" class to be built, two new semiautomated; Dec. p. 115. expanding, British fleet of; fleet launched; TRA WLING Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal results of the R/V "Anton Bruun"; Nov, Supplement, p. 27. Atlantic, northwest, Japanese experimental operations in; Oct. p. 69. California, southern, bottom explorations by M/V "N. B. Scofield" (cruise 64-S-1); June p. 10, Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations results of midwater for juvenile tuna; Dec, p. 32. 1964 Index TRA WLING Deep-water gear developed by Soviets; Oct. p. 80, Electrical tests continued by M/V "Delaware"; Jan, p. 21, June p. 20. Florida east coast fish survey conducted by M/V "Silver Bay"; June p. 27. Great Lakes: Lake Michigan investigations by M/V "Kaho"; Feb, p. 17, May p. 18. Lake Superior, more effective methods studied by M/V "Kaho" of for commercial species in; Aug. p. 25, Nov. p. 30. Gulf of Guinea survey; Aug. p. 1. Italy's freezer-trawler vessels for Atlantic fishing fleet; Dec, p. 96, Japan: Atlantic fleet, refrigerated carriers being built for; Sept. p. 77. Atlantic, new firm plans ations in; Jan, p. 59. Midwater tests successful in Pacific coast hake fishery; Aug. p. 23. Netherlands dual-purpose trawler ''Tinie Cornelia," new; July p. 69. Off-bottom experiments in North Atlantic by M/V ''Delaware"'; Dec. p. 50. Pelagic 8 hake distribution and abundance explored in North Pacific by M/V "John N. Cobb"; Dec. p, 52. multipurpose-type operation tested by chartered vessel ''St, Michael"; Dec. p. 54. North Pacific development program; Oct, p. 31. North Pacific experimental fishing with "Cobb" trawl by M/V. "St. Michael"; Nov. p. 47. South Africa Republic equips new vessel for drum- trawl fishing; Sept. p. 95. South Carolina experimental studies; Feb. p. 49, May p. 33. Stern Feb, p. 85. Tuna, juvenile, midwater tests conducted by M/V "Townsend Cromwell” for taking; Dec, p. 32. U.S.S.R. State Fisheries Production Commission recommends deep-water for fishing vessels; Dec, p. 114, Washington coast bottomfish survey by M/V "John N. Cobb,"' cruise 65; Sept. p. 31. and fish meal oper- reviewed at United Kingdom conference; TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE Antidumping regulations, public hearing held on; Feb. p. 91. Coast Guard: cutter 'Ingham' Sept. p. 35. Gulf of Mexico, hearings on lights and fog signals on offshore platforms in the; May p, 79. vessel ''Vigilant,'' new search and rescue; Dec. p. 63. Customs, Bureau of, tuna canned in brine imports under quota proviso for 1964; June p. 64. Halibut steaks from Japan not being sold at less | than fair value; Feb. p. 91. i Internal Revenue Service, income tax, Alaskans ; receive time extension for reduction claims; Aug. p. 97. f "occupies ocean weather station; TRINIDAD Soviet fishing vessels may base at ;Jan.p.73. 1964 Index TROPICAL ATLANTIC (see INTERNATIONAL COOP- ERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC) TROUT Australian farm planned in Tasmania; July p. 46. California hatchery losses due to food problem; Dec, p. 30. Canada's restocking program for and salmon in Quebec; Dec. p. 88. Farms, commercial, production in United States; Aug. p. 40. Ireland's farming of expanded; Apr, p. 59. Rainbow eggs from Australia help expand production at Idaho fish farm; Oct. p, 38. United Kingdom interested in farming method de- veloped in Norway; Nov. p. 115. TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC, U.S. (also see CAROLINE ISLANDS, PACIFIC TRUST TER- RITORY) Caroline Islands: commercial fisheries project at Palau being de- veloped; Dec, p, 31, Palau Islands, fishing base planned by California firm in; Apr. p. 32. tuna fishing base planned in Palau Islands by U. S. firm; Oct, p. 21. TUNA Albacore: California's migration studies and tagging by M/V "N, B. Scofield"; Nov. p. 23. Japan: Atlantic ocean catch improving; Oct, p. 64, Atlantic Ocean fishery and market trends; Dec, p. 98. attracting deep-swimming fish to surface, University's study of; Dec. p. 99. export prices; Nov. p. 89. prices, ex-vessel, still high in June 1964; Sept. Poet. price trends, ex-vessel, Nov.-Dec, 1963; Feb, p. 72. summer fishery and export trends; July p. 59, Aug. p. 69, Sept. p. 71. Yaizu, landings at; June p. 45. movement off the Pacific coast in 1963, review of; Dec, p. 13. North Pacific abundance and distribution study; Sept. p. 32, Dec. p. 51. Oregon Fish Commission exploratory cruise; Sept. p. 42. Pacific, eastern temperate, preseason oceanograph- ic survey in; Aug. p. 41. Spawning studies in the South Pacific Ocean; Feb, p. 13. U. S. Pacific coastal area catch forecast, 1964; Aug. p. 40, American Samoa: fleet as of Aug, 31, 1964; Dec. p, 25. fleet dwindling; Nov, p. 21, prices, ex-vessel; Aug, p. 14, Atlantic Ocean: FAO 43rd Session considered report on resources; Dec. p. 73, Japan: government to explore for ; Oct. p. 65, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 TUNA Atlantic Ocean: Japan: purse-seine fleet, firm to operate; Aug. p. 70. views on proposals advanced at FAO-sponsored meeting on conservation of ; Jan, p. 56, resources working party meets in Rome; Jan, p, 38. survey continued in northern area; June p, 20, Australia: catch of tuna could top fish catch; Sept. p. 56. facilities expanded to handle increased catch; Nov. p. 75. fishery has good season; Sept, p. 56, fishery trends, 1963-64; June p, 36, Japanese joint venture considered; Nov, p. 76, landings increase in fiscal year 1962/63; Sept. p. 57. long-lining: modified, in inshore waters; Aug, p. 54, survey; Apr. p. 50. Behavior near driftwood studied by Japanese; Sept, p. 73. Big-eyed, European market for Japanese fish re- ported soft; July p. 57, Blackfin schools observed off Caribbean coast of Colombia; Sept. p. 23. Bluefin: age composition of the commercial California catch in 1963; Nov, p. 12. age-growth studies: by M/V "West Point"; Dec, p, 61, of landed in California; Jan, p, 31, Japanese ex-vessel prices in northern area; Dec, p. 99, New Zealand south coast explorations; Oct. p. 73. tagged off Mexico, is recaptured near Japan; Dec, p. 62. tagged recaptured near Japan; Sept. p. 42. tagging results in Atlantic Ocean for 1963 by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Feb. p, 52, U. S,. Pacific coastal area catch forecast, 1964; Aug. p. 40. Bluefin and albacore, Italy's tagging of young initi- ated in Sicily; May p. 55. California landings to Oct, 17, 1964; Dec, p, 63. Canada: canning, scientists devise new method to speed; Mar, p. 49. migrations off Atlantic coast studied; Mar, p. 45, New Brunswick: fishermen to enter east coast fishery; Jan. p, 44. industry; June p. 37. Nova Scotia, new cannery planned for; Aug. p. 55. Canned: Dominican Republic prices reduced; Mar, p, 53. France's exports, industry urged to increase; May p. 51, Italy, Japan proposes to participate in promotion program; May p. 55, Japan: canners developing domestic sales; Apr, p. 60, export quota and prices, reductions proposed for; Oct. p. 63. exports; Apr. p. 60, May p. 56. exports to U. S., canners and exporters discuss drop in; Oct, p. 63. exports, value of, Jan,-Sept, 1963; Feb. p. 71. Japan Tuna Packers Association members pack bulk of ; Aug. p. 68. market trends; July p. 60, Aug. p. 68. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TUNA (cont.) Canned (cont.): Japan (cont,): market trends, Japanese comment on; Mar, p. 57. new type product developed; Feb. p. 71. packers and exporters study slow sales; Oct. p. 64, promotion in U. S.; Mar. p. 57, specialty products, exports of; Aug. p. 68. standard of identity amended; Apr. p. 77, June p. 62, Aug. p. 90. "Tuna with Vegetables" imports dutiable at 20 percent ad valorem; Mar, p. 77. U. S. industry presents award to Interior Depart- ment for marketing assistance; July p. 34, Canned in brine: Japan: export quota to U. S.; Jan, p. 54, exports to U. S. by destination; Aug. p. 67. exports to U. S., 1958-1963; June p, 44. sales to U. S.; Feb. p. 71, Mar. p. 57, May p. 56, Aug. p. 67, whitemeat, standard prices established for; Aug. p. 67. United States imports: from Japan by destination; Aug. p. 67. under 1964 quota proviso; June p. 64, under quota; Jan, p. 35, Feb. p. 54, Mar. p. 30, May p. 35, July p, 36, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 41, Nov. p. 63, Canned in oil: Japan: export prices to Canada, 1964; Oct. p. 64. exports; Jan, p. 54, Mar. p, 57, May p. 57, June p. 43. Caroline Islands: commercial fishery project for fishing in; Aug. p. 16. fishing base, U. S., planned in Palau Islands; Oct. p. 21. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: behavior studies continued by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert"; Dec. p. 36, behavior studies of little ; Aug. p. 16. juvenile , results of midwater trawling for; Dec, p. 32. Central Pacific Ocean: biological studies continued by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert"; Dec. p. 35. midwater trawls for taking juvenile tested by M/V "Townsend Cromwell"; Dec. p. 32. Ceylon requests loan from Japan to start fishery; June p. 38, Chile: fleet to be expanded; Sept. p. 60. industry expanding; Aug. p. 58. Japanese joint enterprise; May p. 48. Chinese vessels to train Cameroon fishermen; July p. 48. Congo-Brazzaville freezing and cold-storage plant operated by U. S. firm; Dec, p. 89. Cook Islands cannery, plan rejected for Japanese- supplied; Jan, p. 48. Costa Rica landings, 1963/64 season; Aug. p. 60. Description of ; July p. 80, Ecuador's industry trends, 1963; Sept. p. 64. El Salvador hopes to develop fishing and process- . ing industry; Dec. p. 92. FAO holds research meeting in Rome; Sept. p, 50. 1964 Index TUNA Fiji Islands: base, status of; Mar, p. 53. Japanese base, ex-vessel prices at; Dec, p, 92. Frozen: Denmark contracts to import from Japan; Feb. p. 72. Italy: import quota: for 1963 increased; Feb, p, 71. no increase in; May p. 55, Japanese rejects reported; May p. 55. prices paid for Japanese product; May p,. 54, Japan: export(s): Atlantic prices; May p, 56. calendar year 1963; June p. 42. Cuba shipments increasing; Sept. p. 72. Europe and Africa; Apr, p. 59. fiscal year 1963; June p. 43. market trends; Jan. p. 55, Feb. pp. 71, 72. price(s): Dec, 1963; Mar, p, 56, for Atlantic 3; May p. 56. strengthen; Jan, p. 54. trends, Jan, 1964; Mar. p. 55, quota(s): for FY 1964; May p, 56, for U. S.; May p. 56. regulations, new, planned; Feb. p. 72. United States, 1962-1963; Mar. p. 56. validations to U. S.; Sept. p. 71, Oct. pp. 61, 62, Dec, p. 97. value of, third quarter 1963; Feb. p. 71. Yugoslavia; Mar, p, 56, Italy sales: improving; Oct. p. 59. slow in June 1964; Sept. p. 72, levy reduced by Japan Frozen Tuna Sales Com- pany; June p. 45, prices for export; Dec, p. 97. U. S. sales continued slow, July-Aug, 1964; Nov. p. 89, Ghana landings up in 1963; Aug. p. 64. Gulf of Aden fishery trends, 1963; Mar, p. 39. Gulf of Guinea: biological studies by M/V ''Geronimo," results of; Nov, p. 57. investigations by research vessel ''Geronimo," cruise 4; Oct, p, 31. Italy: expansion of operations planned; May p, 54, industry trends; May p. 54. Japanese-Italian joint enterprise; May p. 54, Oct, p. 59, vessels for Atlantic fishing fleet, two new; Dec, p. 96, Japan: American Samoa: base, fishery official's view on; July p. 58. Government issues special permit to land Fiji Islands at; May p. 13. Japanese negotiate prices with U. S. packers in; July p. 57. vessels in difficulty based at; Jan. p. 56. Atlantic Ocean: company applies to operate mothership in; Jan, p. 55. exports, Jan.-June 1964; Oct. p. 62. fishing trends; Aug, p. 70, Oct. p. 65, Nov. p, 89. behavior near driftwood studied; Sept. p. 73. 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 TUNA (cont.) TUNA Japan (cont,): Japan: Cape Verde Islands: agreement signed for joint venture in; July p. 58. base to be constructed on; May p, 48, landings good at; Oct. p. 66, Costa Rica transshipment base planned; Apr. p. 61. Durban, South Africa, transshipment operations at; Feb. p. 73, exporters: adopt program for fiscal year 1964; June p, 45, seeking more trade with Spain and Cuba; Sept, Pe 72. export quota allocation planned for overseas bases; May p. 57. Fiji Islands, British-Japanese base completed; July p. 59, Oct. p. 57. frozen to be exported to Cuba; July p, 57. Indian Ocean: mothership confronted with labor dispute at sea; Sept. p. 74. transshipment ports designated; Dec, p, 99. industry organizations seek to improve their management; May p, 57. licenses, fishing, decline in value; Sept, p. 73, Nov. p. 90, long-line: crews, fishing company to fly replacements for; Sept. p. 73. exploratory cruise in eastern tropical Pacific aids U. S. shark study; July p. 61. fisheries catch, 1963; Dec, p. 99. long-liners refuel at sea by tanker; Sept. p. 74. Malaysian: bases operate at a loss; Aug. p, 69. fishing base, shore facilities improved at; Jan, p. 55, Mauritius Island, Port Louis transshipment base; Mar, p. 64. mothership: crew dismissed for disturbance; Oct, p, 67. regulations for two fishing companies changed by Government; July p. 58. New Caledonia, Japanese to expand fishing base in; Jan, p, 64, offshore fishery, new, number of small vessels to fish in; Mar, p. 62, overseas bases: council under study, establishment of; Sept. p, 72. operators urged by Government to organize; June p. 46, regulations revised; June p, 45. Pacific: eastern: mothership returns; May p, 58. resources to be surveyed by research vessel; Nov, p. 89. Equatorial fishing trends, Nov, 1963; Feb, p,73,. north, new offshore fishery in; June p. 46, south: fishing in; Aug. p. 69, mothership fishing trends in; June p, 47, Aug, p. 69, Sept. p. 71, Oct. p, 66, Dec. p, 98. purse-seining experiment unsuccessful; July portable-boat mothership fishery; June p. 46, prices, high, paid in Tokyo for fresh fish; Mar. p. 57. purse seiners on trial runs, two new; Oct, p. 67, refueling vessels at sea, to continue; Jan, p. 56, research council to be formed; Oct, p, 66, resource management problems confronting fishing industry, study of; Nov. p, 90, Saint Martin, Netherlands West Indies; May p, 69, salmon fishermen request fishing licenses; Aug. p. 71, specialty packs, FY 1963, exports of; July p. 60, Tahiti and Fiji, motherships sail for; June p, 46, Tahitian waters, mothership departs for; July p, 59, U. S, delegation being considered; July p, 60, U.S.S.R. shipyard launches first of five factory- motherships ordered by; May p. 61, vessels: efficiency study of; May p, 63, more move to New Caledonia area of south Pacific; Apr, p. 61, recovery of driftwood released by; Nov. p, 91. refueling at sea; May p, 63, July p, 59. small, Government stops applications for permits to construct; Feb, p. 73. West African Coast, Japanese negotiate with Portuguese firm for base off; Sept. p, 72. Yugoslav market to be surveyed; Oct, p, 81, Federation hopes Korea, Republic of: vessel(s): launched; June p, 49, negotiations for additional; Sept. p, 82, Larval specimens collected in the south Atlantic; Nov, p. 48. Little behavior studies by Honolulu Biological Laboratory; Aug. p. 16, Loins, frozen, Japanese export validations to U, S,; Oct, pp. 61, 62, Dec, p, 97, Mexico joins Inter-American Tropical Com- mission; May p, 42, Morocco: cannery, new, being built in Tangier; Apr, p, 65, exploratory fishing planned; July p. 69, French-Moroccan joint exploration planned; Nov, p. 102, industry development project; May p, 68, Netherlands West Indies: St. Martin base: ice vessels, six, assigned by Japanese firm to; Aug. p. 81, transshipment quota for; May p, 69. New Caledonia, Noumeabase, Japanese fishing firm withdraws from; Oct, p. 73. North Atlantic, western, distribution studies; Feb, p. 37, Sept. p. 28. Okinawa's fishing fleet increasing; Jan, p. 67. Pacific Ocean: Palau Islands fishing base planned by California firm; Apr. p. 32. selective fishing to observe behavior of small tuna in central area; June p, 12, studies in central area continued; June p, 14, Panama's fishing regulations for foreign vessels; Nov, p, 104, Promotion poster--Let*s Get Hot with Cool Tuna; July outside back cover, Puerto Rico, industrial ARA loan to firm in; Oct, p. 82, Ryukyu Islands' Government seeks changes in fish- eries agreement with Japan; Dec, p, 111. 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TUNA (cont.) Senegal to purchase four vessels from British; Nov. p. 109, Skipjack: blood-typing studies in central Pacific expanded; Nov. p. 26. Hawaii landings: monthly data; Jan. p. 15, Feb. p. 28, Apr. p. 19, May p. 23. 1963; Mar. p. 21. Japan: Marianas, good fishing near; June p. 46, Philippines, test purse-seining proposed off; May p. 61. pole-and-line fishery for being studied by major fishing firms; Sept. p. 73. South Africa Republic: catches, vessel delivers good; Nov. p. 110. fishery trends, early 1964; July p. 73. fishing fleet, company expanding; Mar. p, 67. Speed and swimming effort of studied; Mar, p. 15. Swimming behavior studied by Honolulu laboratory; Nov. p. 25, Taiwan fisheries: aided by World Bank loan for purchase of new fishing vessels; May p. 74. outlook for 1964; May p. 74. trends, Feb, 1964; June p. 58. Trust Territory of the Pacific, U. S., commercial fisheries project being developed at Palau; Dec. p. 31, U.S.S.R.: Atlantic fishery, expanding Soviet fleet may have Significance for; Oct. p. 65. South China Sea, fishing in; June p. 59. World -like fish catch, 1962; Mar, p. 36. Yellowfin: Inter-American Tropical____. Commission recommends lower 1964 quota for fish caught in - eastern Pacific; May p. 42. Japanese export market trends for frozen; Apr. p. 59, Nov. p. 89. regulations concerning catch quota, open seasons, and closed seasons proposed for eastern Pacific; July p. 82. Yugoslavia: market for Oct. p. 81, vessels to be built for Atlantic fishing; Dec. p, 115. to be surveyed by Japanese; TUNISIA East Germany, fisheries trade with; June p, 58. Fisheries development; May p. 74. Fishing vessels to be built in Yugoslavia under economic aid program; Jan. p. 70, Italian fishing vessels detained by 3; Jan, p. 70. TURKEY Fisheries limit of 12 miles considered; June p, 58. Fishery cooperative, Greek-Turkish, proposed; Jan, p. 38. TURTLES Costa Rica: regulations for green- ; July p. 50. two new companies established to fish for marine may have Japanese participation; Dec. p. 90. Mexico's Sinaloa fishery; Aug. p. 78. 1964 Index ULTRAVIOLET Sterlizing unit installed in sea-water tank to deter- mine effectiveness; Mar. p. 24. UNDERWATER CRAFT Submarine, one-man fiberglass, developed in West Germany; Aug. p. 63. U.S.S.R. designs July p. 76. for Barents Sea studies; UNDERWATER TV CAMERA Fish reactions to electric field seen with during M/V "Delaware" cruise; Nov. p. 43. United Kingdom's improved to aid in marine research; Jan, p. 71. UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission's Third Session meets in Paris, June 10-19, 1964; July p. 44. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S. R.) Alaska: crab fleet off Kodiak; July p. 7. fishing: activity by ; Oct. p. 12, Nov. p. 15, Dec, p. 22. fleet of off Yakutat; July p. 7, Portlock Bank, trawl fishery of Sept. p. 10, Alaska, Gulf of: continues to fish; July p. 7. in Bering Sea during June; fishing: activity of ; May p. 12, June p. 9, efforts of ; Mar. p. 8, May p. 76. king crab activity during June; Sept. p. 10. Atlantic Ocean, fishing fleets in; May p. 75. Bering Sea: eastern, fishing efforts of November 1963; Mar. p. 8. fishing activities; Apr. p. 9, May p. 76, Aug. pp. 10, 11, fleets in; May pp. 12, 75. Bulgaria high-seas fisheries development aided by ; Apr. p. 51, Catch: and principal species; Nov. Supplement p, 15. goal, fisheries, increased for 1964; Feb. p. 84, Crab, king, negotiations with Japan concluded; July p. 42. Cuba's fisheries expansion claimed result of aid; Dec, p. 90. Danish fishing operations, Soviet interference claimed with: Apr. p. 74. Electronic fishing gear being tested; July p. 76. Factoryship(s): eight, to be built by Japanese for ; Nov. p. 97. fishing type, built by West German shipyard for » Specifications of; Feb. p. 84. for north Pacific, construction near completion of one; Nov. p. 114, ninth, construction started of; Apr. p. 73. Far East fisheries expansion; Nov. Supplement p. 1, Fisheries: development hampered; June p, 60, developments in since 1913; July p. 76. in 1963, with emphasis on activities off U. S. coasts, overall view of; Nov. Supplement p. 15, plans for 1964; Apr. p. 73. production, marine, goals for 1963 exceeded; Feb, p. 84, withdrawn in 1964 Index UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.) (cont.) Fisheries (cont.): research; July p, 75. Fishery developments; Nov. p. 113, Fish farm on Lake Hanka, Soviet Far East; Nov. Supplement p, 18. Fishing: areas used by ; Nov, Supplement p, 16, industry; July p. 74. Fleets: and vessels; Nov. Supplement p, 17. fishing; July p. 74. operating off U, S. coasts in 1963; June p, 59, seek fish rather than profits, Soviets say they; Aug. p. 86, Freezerships, new trade agreement with Denmark may include; Jan, p. 49, French shipyards receive orders from for factoryships and from South Korea for trawlers; Nov, p. 83. Frozen fish, Icelandic, sold to ; May p. 52, Fur seals, Soviet Union ratifies Protocol amending interim convention on North Pacific; June p, 35, Gear, fishing, Danish fishermen protest careless disposal of; Apr. p. 57. Ghana; fisheries agreement signed with; Mar. p, 54, import duty on fish affects Japanese and trawling in Atlantic Ocean; Mar, p. 54, technical fisheries assistance from re- ceived by; Nov. p. 84. Gulf of Aden fishing activities, June-October 1964; Mar, p, 39, Halibut concentrations found in Barents Sea; Oct, p. 80, Indian Ocean tuna fishery, participates in; Jan, p. 73. International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries protocol concerning harp and hood seals, ratifies; July p. 42. Irano-Soviet agreement for economic and technical cooperation; Jan, p. 53. Japan-Soviet fisheries conference opened in Moscow on March 2, 1964; May p. 43. Kelp fishery agreement with Japan; July p, 67, Oct, p. 72. Kodiak Island trawl fisheries by October 1963; Feb, p. 10.. Landings: increase forecast; July p. 74. in 1964 expected to surpass catch target; Nov. p. 112. Marine oil production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63 and 1963/64 season; Oct, p, 49. North Atlantic Ocean: activities of on Georges Bank during October 1964; Dec. p. 49. vessels of return to grounds off New Eng- land; June p. 59, July p. 23. North Pacific whaling fleet to be increased; July p. 76, Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission eighth annual conference, progress on; June p, 35, Oceanographers, United States and , ex= change visits; Nov. p. 50, Pribilof Islands trawling efforts in Jan, 1964; Mar, p. 8. Processing, fish, plants for Ghana, signs contract to build; Jan, p. 50, reduced in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S, R.) Salmon: and sturgeon, Soviet scientists develop new species of; May p. 76, catch, 1963; June p, 60, farming in Latvia; April p, 74. hatchery-reared chum fry, theories on the inferior quality of; Nov, p. 143, North Pacific fishery negotiations with Japanese concluded; July pp. 42, 62. Pacific hatcheries and fisheries; July p, 75. Seals: harp fishery in Northwest Atlantic, pates in; Mar, p, 46. Norwegian-Soviet Seal Commission sixth session held in Oslo; Feb, p. 65. Shrimp, vessels of fish in Bering Sea for; July p. 7. Siberia's fresh-water fisheries; Apr. p. 74. Sound waves, Soviets claim marine groups can be identified by; Aug. p. 86. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico fishing activity by ; Aug. p. 38. Sturgeon: fry hatched artificially with new type equipment; Mar, p. 27. new variety developed by sroeptpe ote Sudan, fishery technicians from complete survey of Red Sea waters off; Apr. p. 72. Togo imports more fishery products from in 1963; July p. 74. Trawlers: built for by East Germany; Dec, p, 94, freezership type built for by Danish ship- yard; Oct, p. 56. wi freezer type: four new ones delivered to Soviet Atlantic fishing fleet; May p. 76, new series under construction in Denmark for V/O Sudoimport; Mar, p. 70. three more ordered from Danish shipyard; May p. 75. Trawling: deep-water fishing recommended by State Fisher- ies Production Commission; Dec, p, 114, gear, new deep-water, developed; Oct, p. 80, Tuna: Atlantic fishery, expanding Soviet fleet may have significance for; Oct, p. 65. Japanese shipyard launches first of five factory- motherships ordered by ; May p. 61, South China Sea, fishing in; June p, 59. U.S. and delegations discuss fishing gear conflicts In northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept. p. 51. Vessels: floating docks, two, built in Sweden for i Nov, p. 113, foreign construction for describes; Nov. p, 113, freezer-transports, ten, built in Sweden for Soviet fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113, Japan building fishing craft for ; Apr. p. 73, new one for research launched; Jan, p. 73. Polish-built factoryship delivered, new; Mar,p,71. Trinidad as base for fishing craft; Jan. p. 73. underwater craft designed for Barents Sea studies; July p. 76. Whale distribution in northeast Pacific shown on new map; Sept, p. 56, partici- , soviet Premier 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S. R.) (cont. ) Whaling: Antarctic: catch allocation, conference proposed by for revision of; Nov. p. 72. fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar. p. 38. north Pacific operations; Sept. p. 10. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Fish canning; Mar. p. 72. Foreign trade in fishery products, January-June 1963; Sept. p. 98. Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p. 41, UNITED KINGDOM Aden fisheries development prcject, con- tributes to; Oct. p,. 50. Boxing-fish-at-sea tests carried out by trawler; Mar. p. 73, Nov. p. 114, Canned fish marketing trends; Feb. p, 85. Danish-British fishery cooperation, talks on; May p. 77. European Fisheries Conference in London; Jan. p. 72, Feb. p. 59. Faroese: landings of iced fish in may be subject to quota; May p. 49. shipments of frozen fish to may be subject to quota; May p. 49. Fish-drying process cut to 30 hours by new ma- chine; July p. 80. Fishermen, trawler, get more pay and additional paid holidays; Mar. p. 72. Fishing industry; July p. 78. Fishing limits discussions between and Nor- way; Sept. p. 49. Fleet, fishing; July p. 79. Freezership-trawlers expanding, British fleet of; Jan. p. 71. Freezer-trawler: fleet, newest addition (''Cape Kennedy") launched to; Sept. p. 98. lands blocks of whole frozen fish; May p. 76. new one sails on maiden voyage; Oct. p. 81. Frozen fish thawing unit, new; Mar. p. 73. Frozen processed fishery products production, 1963; July p. 79. Korean fish-factoryship, British freezing equip- ment ordered for; Apr. p. 76. Loans, fishery, interest rates revised; Jan. p. 71, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 75. Marine oil: imports, 1962-1963; Oct. p. 80. production from Antarctic whaling, 1962/63 season; Oct, p. 49. utilization in margarine, 1962-1963; Oct. p. 81. Marketing: information service for fish introduced by White Fish Authority; Aug. p. 86. of fish; July p. 79. Norway signs agreement with on fishing for dogfish and basking shark; Dec, p, 109, Oil explorations in North Sea discussed, danger to fisheries from; Oct. p. 80. Persian Gulf, commercial fishery to be developed by British firm in; Dec. p, 109. UNITED KINGDOM Polish: fisheries transshipment base in North Shields, England, during summer of 1963; June p. 56, fishing industry seeks cold=storage plant in ; June p. 55, Portugal gets refrigeration equipment from to modernize fishing industry; Oct. p. 76. Prices, new reserve auction first sales, introduced for fish landings; Apr. p. 75. Purse-seine vessels, two British-built, acquired by Chilean company; June p. 61, Salmon: farming method Beycloped in Norway attracts in- terest in ; Nov. p. 115. canned Japanese. sale to ; Dec. p. 100. Shark fillets, smoked, markets first shipment of; Nov. p. 115. Shrimp, canned, Japanese exports to ; Dec. p. 103. Silver cod trophy for 1963 won by trawler "Stella Leonis"; Mar. p. 75; correction May p. 77. Tariff(s): reduction on certain fishery imports from EFTA countries; Apr. p. 4 worldwide reduction asked by British Prime Min- ister; July p. 78. Trawler(s): freezer-type, new, launched; Apr. p. 76. giant boulder landed by; May p. 101. silver cod trophy for 1963 won py "Stella Leonis" 2 Mar. p. 75; correction May p. 77. stern type: Norwegian dishing factory lands frozen processed catch in ; July p. 70. refrigerated models, British firm plans to expand fleet of; July P. 79. semiautomated "Daring" class to be built, two new; Dec, p. 115, Trawling, stern, reviewed at conference held in ; Feb. p. 85. Trout farming method developed in Norway attracts interest in ; Nov. p. 115. Tuna: Fiji Islands base; July p. 59, Oct. p. 57. Senegal to purchase four vessels from ; Nov. p. 109, Underwater TV camera, improved-type, to aid in marine research; Jan. p. 71. U. S. exports of fishery products to in 1962, trends in; Feb. p. 55, : Vessel and gear research, White Fish Authority establishes Industrial Development Unit in Hull; Aug. p. 87. Vessels, fishing, two new Icelandic, delivered by shipyard; July p. 56, Whaling 1963/64 season, does not participate in; Mar. p. 38. ewes UNITED NATIONS Aden fisheries development project, special fund contributes to; Oct. p. 50. El Salvador fisheries aid extended from special fund; Dec. p. 91. Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Convention enters into force; Oct. p. 49. UNITED STATES Denmark appoints new Fisheries Attache for and Canada; Nov. p. 83. 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 UNITED STATES (cont.) Fisheries important to ; July p. 106, Fishery products, more, used in in 1963; May p. 34, Fish-processing and freezing plant to be built in Alula (Somali Republic) as joint -Somali venture; June p, 58 Irish- cooperation in joint fisheries projects; May p. 46. Japanese fisheries mission scheduled to visit and Canada; June p, 48, North American Fisheries Conference, participa- tion by scheduled in; Dec, p. 70, Soviet: and delegations discuss fishing gear con- flicts in northeastern Pacific Ocean; Sept. p, 51. fisheries in 1963, with emphasis on activities off coasts, overall view of; Nov. Supplement Delos Tuna: frozen, Japanese sales to continued slow, July-Aug. 1964; Nov. p. 5. Japanese delegation to being considered; July p. 60. ae UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Federal Maritime Commission order for lower Alaska transportation rates stayed by ; Sept. p. 104, UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI Institute of Marine Science: billfish research cruise by M/V "John Elliott Pillsbury"; Sept. p. 28. vessels, research, not subject to union rules; Aug, p. 35, Oceanography grants awarded for sea floor studies; Aug. p. 36, UNLOADER Mechanical for fishing vessels being devel- oped; Aug. p. o2. UNLOADING FISH Air pump for ; Aug. p. 21. VEGETATION Water in ponds, grass carp from Malaysia to fight; Dec. p. 26. VENEZUELA Exploratory fishing survey off the coast of by M/V "Oregon"; Jan, p. 12. Shrimp-processing plant, new; Feb. p. 87. VESSEL(S) Aden's fisheries research , new; Feb. p, 66. Alaska: fishermen, six new being built for; June p. 9, southeast, gear count for registered fishing completed; Aug, p. 13, Aluminum fish hold for Japanese fishing : Dec, p, 102, Ceylon negotiates abroad for purchase of tuna and trawling ; Nov. p. 80, Charter fishing loan regulations; Aug. p. 95. Coast Guard, U. S., commissions new search and rescue "Vigilant"; Dec. p. 63. Construction assistance for fishing » proposed regulations announced for; Dec, p, VESSEL(S) Factoryships, small stern-fishing, ordered by New- foundland (Canada) firm from Dutch shipyard; July . 49, Fisheries Loan Fund and other financial aid for ; Feb. p. 52, June p, 29, Aug. p. 42, Nov. p. 61. Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, proposed regulations announced for notice and hearing requirements of; Dec, p. 123, Freezership-trawler M/S ''Geizer'' for Soviet Union, Danish shipyard builds; Oct, p. 56. German Federal Republic research "Meteor II"; Feb, p. 68, Serer. Icelandic fishing , two new, delivered by Brit- ish shipyard; July p. 56. Israel's freezer-trawler ''Azgad II,'' new; Apr. p. 59. Italy's Atlantic operations, fishing ‘fleet and planned additions in 1964 for; Dec, p, 96, Japan: construction permits for fishing , late 1963; Feb, p. 73, Mar. p. 63. engines, high speed, recommended for fishing ; Mar. p. 63. Fisheries Agency to build large research g Nov. p. 98. Korea, Republic of: Italian-French fishing contract modified; Apr. p. 62, specifications of fishing fleet ordered from France; Dec, p. 105; Mexico's four fishery training ; Nov. p. 102, Motors, outboard, increase fishing e efficiency of traditional craft in six countries; July p. 40. Netherlands? trawler ''Tinie Cornelia," new dual- purpose; July p. 69. New England fishing use signal for Soviets to yield right of way; July p, 23. Poland: construction program for fishing ; Nov. p, 107, trawlers, specifications and description of; Nov. p. 108, Purse-seiners: charters sought by Washington State Department of Fisheries for; June p, 32, two British-built acquired by Chilean company; June p, 61, Refrigeration aboard fishing , developments in; Mar, p. 48, ue < Research Bureau of Co raaereial Fisheries, U. S.: "Geronimo" participates in EQUALANT III in Gulf of Guinea; Apr. p. 47, new commissioned for; Mar, p, 32, Duke University to acquire new one; Jan, p, 27. East German fishery participates in joint project; Jan, p. 73. exploratory fishing , new, "Delaware II" to be built as; Aug. p. 427 — German Federal Republic's ''Walther Herwig'' com- missioned; July p. 53, Miami University craft not subject to union rules; Aug. p. 35, "Oceanographer" launched; June p, 23. oceanographic , new, for Beaudette Founda- tion for Biological Research; Apr, p. 27. platform with derrick, small portable marine work; Nov, p. 50, "Silas Bent" launched, new oceanographic ; Oct, p. 32. Soviets launch new one; Jan, p. 73. 68 VESSEL(S) (cont.) Research (cont.): submarine, deep-diving, for oceanographic work commissioned by Woods Hole Oceanographic In- stitution; Aug. p. 36. "Thomas G. Thompson" launched; Oct, p. 32. "Townsend Cromwell" completes successful maiden voyage; May p. 13. "Trident" completes first year of operation; Jan, p. 27. "Yaquina' commissioned by Oregon State Univer- sity; Dec. p. 55. Sailing , 'Bluenose"--Canada's most famous; Oct, outside back cover. Shrimp otter trawlers in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. utilization of, 1959-1961; Feb. p. 1. South Africa Republic: drum-trawl fishing, new p. 95, fiberglass Nov. p. 112, Stability of fishing Panel of Experts holds first session in London, July 13-17, 1964; Oct. p. 47. Stern-trawler ''Canyon Prince,’ p. 61, Structural research for small meeting on; Sept. p. 64. : Submarine, deep-diving, for Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution; Apr. p. 25. Swordfish vessel 'Chilmark Sword," new, delivered; Dec, p. 64, Trawler, Norwegian stern-fishing factory, lands frozen processed in catch in England; July p. 70. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): freezer-transport , ten, built in Sweden for fishing fleet; Nov. p. 113. freezer-trawlers: four new ones delivered to Soviet Atlantic fishing fleet; May p. 76. new series under construction in Denmark; Mar, p. 70. Japan builds fishing for; Apr. p. 73. Polish-built factoryship delivered, new; Mar. p.71. underwater craft designed for Barents Sea studies; July p. 76. United Kingdom: freezer-trawler: new one launched; Apr. p. 76. new one sails on maiden voyage; Oct. p. 81. trawlers of ''Daring" class to be built, two new semiautomated; Dec, p, 115. White Fish Authority research by (Hull) Industrial Development Unit; Aug. p. 87. United States: Fishing Fleet Improvement Act construction as- sistance for fishing » proposed regulations announced for; Dec. p. 121. fishing documents issued and cancelled; Jan, p. 30, Feb. pp. 53, 54, Apr. p. 35, June pp. 30, 31, Aug. p. 42, Sept. p. 43, Nov. pp. 59, 60, Dec, p. 65. Unloading fishing , ‘airlift'’ pump developed by Canada for; Mar. p. 48. equipped for; Sept. successful in pilchard fishery; "new small; Nov. , Denmark plans Whaling: catcher , two Netherlands, sold to Norway; Oct. p. 73. factoryship, Netherlands, sold to Japan; Oct. p. 73. Yugoslavia's construction plan, 1964-1970; Dec, p. 115. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1964 Index VESSEL SEIZURES Canada convicts Spanish trawler for violation of territorial waters; Sept. p. 59. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION, U.S. Canned fish, estimated requirements from 1964 packs; Apr. p. 16. VIETNAM, SOUTH Shrimp: exports from to Japan up in 1963; July p. 80. fishing potential; May p. 72. VIRGINIA Chesapeake Research Council organized; Sept. p. 17. Clam, surf, survey off Maryland and ; Nov. p. 41, ) Oysters: tt disease-resistant breeding stock; Sept. p. 36. James River seed beds, light strike in 1964 in; Nov. p. 51. VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Chesapeake Bay research conference points up problem areas; Apr. p. 13. Oysters, development of disease-resistant strains; Nov. p. 52. WAGES California fishermen's , 1962; Feb. p, 11. Discrimination on account of sex, new regulations prohibit; Aug. p. 97. Minimum , new, for onshore fishery workers; Nov. p. 64, Shellfish industry , Labor Department to make another survey of; Mar. p. 77. WASHINGTON Bottomfish trawling survey off coast by M/V "John N. Cobb,'' cruise 65; Sept. p. 31, Crab fishermen's organization in bars restraint of trade by; Oct. p. 83. Federal funds allocated to State of ies program; Sept, p. 18. ‘Seen Fishery technicians to be trained at Peninsula Col- lege; May p. 37. Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963; May p. 36, Medical help, emergency, instructions for fisher- men; Nov, p. 58. Puget Sound and adjacent waters fish and wildlife resources, survey of; Nov. p. 64. Purse-seine vessel charters sought by Department of Fisheries; June p. 32. State, FTC for fisher- Rail-barge service expanded for Alaska- 3 Feb. p. 52. Salmon: fish farm, new, established by cooperative effort; May p. 31. Northwest rivers receive record plants of silver and spring chinook yearlings; June p. 25. planting program continues; July p. 36. sport fishermen catch in 1963; May p. 37. tagging in Puget Sound continued; Aug. p. 45. Yakima River, excessive fishing damages chinook run in; Dec, p. 67. Shark, dogfish, hatchery fish feed from; July p. 37. Shellfish industry affected by recent disasters; Oct. p. 37. Steelhead trout incidental catch minimized by larger mesh nets; June p. 32. 1964 Index WASHINGTON (cont.) Willapa Bay oyster industry study approved by ARA; Feb, p. 88, WASTE WATER Fish reduction industry, purification and protein extraction process may be applied to; Aug. p. 61, WEA THER Gulf of Mexico, storm warning buoys for; Nov. p. 65. Machine, new, developed to predict ; Nov. Supplement p. 34, WEEDS (see AQUATIC WEEDS) WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Standards and inspection programs for fishery products, USDI, weights and measures activities in the; Oct, p. 8. WEST AFRICA Japanese: distant-water trawl fisheries, future of; Mar. p. 61, fishery developments in 5 Apr. p. 625 trawlers, stern, sent to fishing grounds; July p. 65, Trawl fishery in Atlantic, Japanese, 1963; Sept, p. 77. Tuna: Japanese: firm to operate purse-seine fleet off coast of ; Aug. p. 70. negotiate with Portuguese firm for base off coast; Sept. p. 72. test new long-line gear off coast; Feb, p.73, WESTERN EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE Denmark ratifies fisheries convention and extension of fishing limits; Aug. p. 61. WHALE MEAT Japan: Antarctic production, 1962/63 season; Mar. p. 61, Antarctic production, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80, Fisheries Agency approves Japanese-Chilean meat sales agreement; Nov. p. 97. WHALE OIL Antarctic: Japanese fleets look for better market in 1964; Jan, p. 60, production, 1962/63 and 1963/64 seasons; Oct. p. 49. Japan: export targets; June p. 46, production, 1962/63 season; Mar. p. 61. Norway's Antarctic production, Feb. 8, 1964; Apr. p. 68. Peru's exports, 1963; Aug, p. 83. WHA LE(S) Marking project off southern California; June p, 33, Pacific, northeast, distribution shown on new Soviet map; Sept. p. 56, South Africa Republic catch, 1963; Nov. p, 111. WHALING Antarctic: catch allocation, Soviets propose conference for revision of; Nov, p, 72. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 WHALING Antarctic: fin-whale catch, FAO appeals for voluntary limits on; Jan, p, 41, fleet composition of 1963/64 season; Mar, p. 38. Japan: fleets' composition and production targets, 1963/64; Jan, p. 59. fleets look for better oil market in 1963/64; Jan, p. 60, industry trends; May p. 62, Norwegian industry encouraged by higher oil prices; Jan, p. 65, outlook for 1963/64 season; Apr. p. 49. Chile issues new regulations on foreign permits; June p, 38, International Commission: regulations amended; Aug. p. 92. 16th annual meeting held at Sandefjord, Norway; Aug. p. 52, Sept. p. 54. Japan; Alaska, activity during June off; Sept. p, 11. Antarctic: catch and products produced, 1963/64; Sept. p. 80, fleets; May p. 62, Brazilian-Japanese joint enterprise to continue operations; Apr. p. 62, June p. 37. Brazil, operations off; May p. 62, Oct. p. 52. catcher vessels off Chile, licenses issued to oper- ate two; Mar. p. 62. Chilean firm, whalers begin operations for; June p. 38, Dutch factoryship: Japanese Fisheries Agency authorizes purchase of; Oct. p. 72. may be purchased by Japanese; Aug. p. 76. Ecuador operation presents problems; May p, 62. foreign-based operations studied, establishment of; Mar, p. 61. Mexican joint venture in Mexico proposed; Nov. p. 102, Netherlands factoryship sale offer, decision post- poned on; Apr. p. 62, oil and meat production, 1962/63 season; Mar. p. 61, South America bases to be surveyed by firm; Apr. p. 62. South Georgia Island base, fishing company plans to close; May p. 63. Netherlands: Antarctic results, 1963/64 season; Mar. p, 65, July p. 69, catcher vessels, two, sold to Norway; Oct. p. 73. factoryship offered for sale to Japan; Apr, p. 66, factoryship sold to Japan; Oct. p, 73. North Pacific Soviet fleet to be increased; July p, 76, Norway's industry trends; May p. 70, June p, 52. Pacific coast licenses; June p, 64, Pacific, northeast, whale distribution shown on new Soviet map; Sept, p. 56. Sperm by New Zealand promising in early 1964; Sept. p. 85. Sweden withdraws from International tion; Apr. p, 72. U.S.S.R. in north Pacific; Sept. p. 10. Conven- WHALING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Regulations amended; Aug. p, 92, Sixteenth annual meeting held; Aug. p. 52, Sept. p. 54, U. S. whale marking project off southern California; June p. 33, 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW WHALING CONVENTION, INTERNATIONAL Norway's withdrawal proposed again; Jan. p. 67. Sweden withdraws; Apr. p. 72. WHITEFISH Lake Superior, western, spawning assessed by research vessel ''Siscowet"'; Mar. p. 17. WHITE HOUSE San Pedro Fishermen's Fiesta, President lauds; Dec, p. 127. WHITING Georges Bank abundance holding up despite heavier fishing; July p. 23. North Atlantic escapement study by M/V ''Dela- ware"; Nov. p. 42. WHOLESALE PRICES (see PRICES) WISCONSIN Fish meal and oil plant, ARA industrial loan tohelp establish new; Oct. p. 82. Great Lakes fishery landings, 1963; May p. 39. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRA PHIC INSTITUTION Game fish tagging program report for 1963; Feb. p. 52. WORLD Fisheries development role of FAO, ad hoc committee to study; Dec, p. 73. Fish meal: production, Aug.-Oct. 1964; Feb. p. 59. supply indicators for principal importing and ex- porting countries, 1963; Aug. p. 48. trade, 1958-1963; Oct. p. 44. Fish oil exports, 1963; Sept. p. 50, Landings, fishery; Mar. p. 36, Dec. p. 70. Tuna-like fish catch, 1962; Mar. p. 36, WORLD BANK Taiwan's tuna fisheries aided by loan for purchase of new fishing vessels; May p. 74. WORLD FISHING GEAR CONGRESS, SECOND Report on ; May p. 1. WORLD FOOD PROGRAM Fishery products in the ; Feb. p. 60. 1964 Index WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Codex Alimentarius Commission: Food Hygiene Worldwide Expert Committee meets in Washington; Dec. p. 76. Second Session meets in Geneva; Dec, p. 75. International Atomic Energy Agency requests re- search by on control of harmful organisms in foods and animal feeds; Sept. p. 53. Sanitary regulations in international traffic in animals and animal products, need for; Dec. p. 74. WORLD TRADE FAO model standard for in fishery products worked out by fisheries group; May p. 40. WORLD'S FAIR Sardines, Maine, displayed at the _; Junep. 19. YELLOW PERCH Filleting machine now in operation in Great Lakes region; Apr. p. 16. Lake Erie landings down sharply in 1964; Nov. p. 33. Lake Michigan seasonal distribution and abundance studies continued by M/V ''Kaho"'; Noy. p. 33, Dec. p. 40. YELLOW PIKE Lake Erie commercial landings increase predicted; Mar. p. 34, YUGOSLAVIA Ceylon receives fishing trawler built in p. 89. Fisheries development program, 1964-1970; Dec. p. 115, Fisheries trends, 1964; Dec, p. 115, Fish meal plant opened at Zadar and 4 other new plants planned; Dec, p, 115, Tuna: frozen, Japanese exports to ; Mar. p. 56, Japanese to survey market in ; Oct, p. 81, vessels to be built for Atlantic fishing; Dec. p. 115. Tunisian economic aid program, to build fishing vessels under; Jan, p. 70, Vessels: construction plan, 1964-1970; Dec. p, 115, trawlers ordered by Ceylon in ; Nov. p. 80. ; Dec. ZANZIBAR Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa crustaceans specialist meeting held in : Apr. p. 40. i Outboard motors provided by FAO project; July p. 41. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—-a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. Jt also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. Issued May 1965 1964 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 Fish ladders are series of pools a that lead the migrating fish over = es Modeaald al ails, high dams y = =-— WHAT MAN MUST KNOW ABOUT FISH Men have been fishing for thousands of years but know comparatively little about fish and what affects their abundance and movements. "Sea culture" is a new science and the restlessness of the ocean complicates our efforts to unlock its The flat-bodied halibut spends Secrets. most of its life buried in the sand The supply of fish in the ocean is not inexhaustible and Man must cnitherocean|tloor practice conservation in the sea just as he is beginning to practice conservation on the land, When, where, and how many,.--A most important fact the fishery conservationist must learn is the "maximum sustainable yield" of each species--that is, the greatest number that can be harvested each year yet leave enough for harvesting the next year andthe next, The conservationist must also predict when and where the fish are available to the fishermen, The fishermen can then prepare for big or small harvests as conditions warrant, "Predicting abundance" is a primary The brilliantly colored tilefish objective of fishery scientists since it provides a basis for regulating lives in northern waters although the catch and can be animportant factor in increasing fishing efficiency. it belongs to a tropical family How, how, and how, -- But knowing "when, where, and how many" is only part of the work of the fishery conservationist, He must be able to tell the fishing industry howto make the best possible catch without damage to the resource; how to get high-quality fishery products to the family table at a reasonable price; and how to make the best use of fish for industrial purposes. Intriguing mysteries .--Solving these problems include find- ing the reason why a species such as the tilefish suddenly disappears from its haunts and is missing for years to reappear suddenly in great numbers; the reason for heavy mortality of a species when known con- ditions appear normal; the "spark" which causes the "red tide" organism to suddenly increase in numbers, killing millions of fish, Some recognized dangers.--Predators, such as squawfish awaiting young salmon at a river mouth; starfish and drills ruining an oyster harvest; green crabs killing clams; sea lamprey attacking the Great Lakes trout, must be controlled, Obstructions, such as dams blocking fish runs; irrigation outlets and power turbine intakes divert- ing fish from their course, must be bypassed, Silt that covers spawning grounds and shellfish beds or ruins growth of aquatic plants by making the water too murky for sunlight to penetrate; water fluctuations that Electrical barriers stop adult drown out or dry up spawning areas; domestic and industrial pollution; lampreys moving upstream to careless use of pesticides, all pose problems of great concern to the spawn conservationist, 2. thy } " | } } | SRLS TeeTN Or ) wy oY iy WaameearoeeTe Ne siete a 2 ss i a 5 f e se 7 i th ae geste eal) mer we veo pee wey int Fr esr * ay ty . i 7 if ¥ \ f uN Kredi b i i 1 4 sti : f f ie (Le A eis é 2 n ( 2 ‘ vy ‘ 2, ane hie \ J n Y ‘ - Sait 7 7 yy) , & tet ox 4 ee . A ‘i * Aeilwhit Sar jin te Pranks \: al A by et ACT | eF sy ) tere i , \ i ha Ay b y 4 » eG i nae AGATE at ” i Fi La ~ z ety Suk & os Si rvs wotas” Mane el ier? sald iit of ee Re aie Fe jw sport: Two woth leohined Soatiieel 5 _ fh fee lach. a uaa qe ie ‘ peinivo! ‘Jnivakreyowsa 2, 1p Na ea Pom ) FISHERY MARKET NEWS _ PRICES, RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, AVAILABLE — COMMERCIAL tl ey wt || VOL. 26, NO. lla NOVEMBER 1964 - SUPPLEMENT UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR SEPA ee Noose ann DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C, BAKER, ASST, DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISS|ONER ; ; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: An unprecedented growth of the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet is taking place. During 1960-63, the Soviet Government added to that fleet over 200 modem fishing, fish-processing, whaling, and support vessels. Shown is a vessel of the Skryplev class. Designated a refrigerator transport, it is virtually a factoryship that can freeze fish and manufacture fish meal andoil. A distinctive feature of this vessel is a stern ramp fitted with a gate which can be closed, Page 1 . .Soviet Far East Fisheries Expansion, by Milan A, Kravanja 15 . .Overall View of Soviet Fisheries in 1963, with Emphasis on Activities off United States Coasts, by Loyal G. Bouchard 19 . .Supply, Sustained Yield, and Management of the Maine Lobster Resource, by Robert L. Dow 27 ..Trawling Results of the R/V Anton Bruun in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, by A, T. Pruter é 4, Shas mish iy VERATS MEME ORS we sen PETES EOL nas an bia Peuh! ese EEL ancl, ears thee | agents Fe Lie tad ie het aay CARLA whe TREO a4 Bae 4 Ee) Gory OES LALO L tyeeies Ac ot sr artbel dnote heh Wotaene «bra oecla va, (hen 9 ye PLN > pila bon) Asa eo begs Ao ron Rates Se cm Mr sat We, 5a arama Hoag Creech eee “SyMh pro? Wet SL Sd tisnis jae we) ayes ae eeeierobe Ga fon ay Heese ate pibsdavs Baron BIRYy + mis mea wit VSS IIEAS BE PONENT ES DRE 20) Seudy .etaud ag [eons went a SOLAR UG i : biped bainisder od tei bets Deiter yiesun 4 eo ton oven KO teewkidwe ont Mer atrteeo uae i : ¢, sbetatovsage ak pie wan a, oe ; : ; Set be bd Tees cast ef) Lo (otsea ts wit yl Ravereye ‘eye war's ‘kta di wertt aie! ae 00 ee, reno : | Fi 2 f fs ! - f f ° ry" A aT POO : ; porate huh di fob hath atheros eae pert ‘s f ; iw BS xyes noth eds oo nahi G Mrecenenimnnce ele re y ee Leen: & We ere reba preg ‘Sealy’ * x fond a vareeatinad B ytLeaty aay at famiiane dere 3 is ipsa Ne Me totes? Seaton a Eee bow ie weit ene Rs, te, k n ince a as Ae Th mika. Or Pa ne : ; : - pL Ve Cai} re Lite o me i : oe i ; ‘4 ge W RG iA laa ‘So re pets a a i A Me ARIE A Se en : a Like SE ie : Aiea IE Me esiivighh aoe keith dik teat ik aaa: ¥ is NG : eee een a Live stern is i J hook xd eorianen 190 adind anal ae a te ‘Sonia ‘ oe es ; Aust pi TCE epak ga ie ab ed psn. ae bag eet ett is at esate a7 COMMERCIA November 1964 - Supplement | SOVIET FAR EAST FISHERIES EXPANSION By Milan A. Kravanja* ABSTRACT Fisheries are today the most important industry in the Soviet Far East, an Economic Re= gion encompassing all coastal provinces between Siberia and the Pacific, This prominence was achieved with the help of a generous investment program, which has resulted in greatly increased fishery landings. From 1950 to 1963, the production of fish and other aquatic ani- mals rose by 313 percent to 1.5 million tons, an alletime record. This increase was accelere ated during the last 4 years by additions of over 200 large modem fishing, fish-transporting, and fish=processing vessels. A large whaleehunting fleet was also created. The article de= scribes 13 recently added Soviet vessel types in considerable technical detail. Statistical tables, maps, and photographs accompany the text. BACKGROUND Fishing is the most important industry in the Soviet Far East (fig. 1). In 1962 the value of the iors output from the Far East fisheries amounted to nearly 1 billion rubles (US$1.1 billionl/), This value was almost 30 percent of the value of the total industrial output in the Soviet Far East. The Far East fisheries are today a vast complex of fishing fleets, port fa- cilities, and shore-based processing plants served by thousands of fishermen, longshoremen, and industrial workers. Allis directed by a single regional administrative body, the Main Administration of Far East Fisheries. Increased Soviet Far East fishery landings were made possible by a generous capital invest- ment program. Like inall other Soviet industries, overall policy and programs for the fishing in- dustry are determined by the central government in Moscow. The five-year plans for 1946- 50 and 1951-55 allocated to the Far East Region nearly 35 percent of the total Soviet invest- ment in the fishing industry--of the $1.3 bil- lion provided during that 10-year period, the Table 1 - Capital Investment in the Soviet Fishing Industry , Far East received $461,000,000 (table 1). The Seb rae ee seven-year plan for 1959-65 shows a striking 1959-65 ieaseee increase in capital investment, with $2.2 bil- ; = rons oh ESE) a te lion allocated to the entire Soviet fishing in- Far East Region: dustry; by 1965 the Far East will have re- Kamchatka Oblast’ . ceived $728.7 million (or 33 percent of the to- Sakhalin Oblast! . . tal). The principal beneficiary of current in- SEBEERONEIEER 3ybt 1802 i creased investment outlays is the Maritime SL Ea Ee ee tee Province (Primorskii Krai), situated near 1,506.6 545.2 322.3 Mainland China. This area's annual fishery Total WsSeS. Ror, vend] 2)235¢3. of) 836.2 J, 492.1 investments increased from $8.9 million al- Note: In converting Soviet internal rubles into U. S. dollars, located during the 1951-55 5-Year Plan, to the soecalled official Soviet conversion rate of U.S.S.R. ruble $69.4 Wi dugi 7- 2 Pp 1.00 = US$1.10 has been used. -4 million during the current 7-Year Plan, source: Mikhailov 1962. or by almost 700 percent. FISHERY ADMINISTRATION Until 1959, the fishing industries of the Far East administrative provinces were con- trolled by local Economic Councils (Sovnarkhozes), as were other Far East industries. Lack Foreign Fisheries Specialist, Branch of Foreign Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C. 1/In converting Soviet internal rubles into U.S. dollars, the so-called official Soviet conversion rate of USSR ruble 1.00 = US$1. 10 has been used, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 714 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla of centralized control led to many difficulties. Exploratory fishing efforts, for example, were duplicated by provinces. Shore processing facilities were overloaded in one province, while installations in other provinces remained idle. ‘The Far East fishing industry was reorgan- ized at the end of 1959, and centralized control was given to a new organization--the Main Ad- ministration of Far East Fisheries (Glavnoe Upravlenie Dal'nevostochnoi Rybnoi Promyshlen- nosti, usually abbreviated in Soviet writings to Glavdal'vostokrybprom). The Main Adminis - ministration, located at Vladivostok, is responsible to the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and to the Federal Committee on Fisheries, both in Moscow. This centralization has been found so effective in increasing production, that in 1962 the Soviet Union also reorganized its European-based fisheries into four major fishery administrations. . AX Le ae YAKU SKAYA KRASNOYARSKIY | yl Fee 1 \ ci sth Seen Hy \ SOO EM i a ) ‘ Spee ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS BOUNDARY CENTER —— Union Republic (S.S.R.) (0) —— Autonomous Republic (ASSR), Oblast, or Kray ol/ Soe Autonomous Oblast (AO) . 1/Administrative centers are indicated only for those oblasts carrying the same name as their administrative centers. rich in fishery resources. It belongs administratively to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) whichstretches from the Barents, Baltic, and Black Seas to the shores of the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. FAR EAST FISHERY CATCH In 1963, the Far East Region produced about one-third of the total Soviet fishery landings of 4,670,000 metrictons (table 2). Official U.S.S.R. fishery statistics give a breakdown by So= viet republics, but the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic includes all major Soviet fishing areas and it is impossible to determine Far East marine landings from those figures alone. Analysis of current Soviet writings on economics, however, has supplied statistical data which are not publicly available from the Soviet Federal Committee on Fisheries (the equivalent of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries). Far East marine landings show significant changes since 1950, when about 370,900 tons were caught. By 1963, landings had increased fourfold to an estimated 1,530,000 tons. Soviet Far East landings have been expanding at a greater rate than total U.S.S.R. landings. In1950 November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 KEY LANDINGS (1000 METRIC TONS) 300 1956 1963 @ Fishing Centers APUKA PALANA @& © E - Kamchatskaia Oblast’ Kiabarovski 7 eT aaTeK UST: KAMCHATSK 1 tal ICHA &- Bs 120 te Em, 4 PETROPAVLOVSK ; Wek KIKHCHIK Hy.” "than MISE 2 UST’ BOL:SHERETSK Amurskaia yx) 709 Manes seeps Ss Oblast’ LnKOLAEVSR « Sakhalinskaia * |ALEKSANDROVSK . / YZ i if if / ny = jy / De KORSAKOV _@ B, \ SX NevEU sk v a !UZHNO-KURIL'SK in SNAKHODKA VLADIVOSTOK Sea of x Japan a =x , Fig. 2 - Soviet Far East marine landings, by provinces, 1956 and 1963. North Pacific 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla the Far East accounted for 21.1 percent of total Soviet landings, and in 1963 for 32.8 percent. This reflects to a large extent the priority attention being given by Soviet planners to expand- ing the Far East fisheries. Table 2 - U.S.S.R. and Far East Fishery Landings, 1950 and 1956-63 otal U.S.S.R. Landings1/ Landings2/ Seal The U.S.S.R. is planning for a Far East production of 1,660,000 metric tons of fish and other aquatic products in 1965. There is lit- tle doubt that this goal will be reached and probably surpassed. Within the last decade, (1,000 Metric Tons). . . Soviet Pacific fisheries have undergone a sig- 4,670 1,530 nificant transformation. In 1950, coastal and eg Bn Pore inshore fishing dominated, and only 34 percent | i960 3,541 860 of all Far East landings were obtained from 1959 3,075 offshore areas. By 1960, offshore fisheries ae 21236 accounted for 82 percent of all Far East land- 1956 2; 849 ings. According to Margolin (1963), offshore 1950 1,755 operations may soon produce up to 94 percent 1/Includes fish, shellfish, and aquatic mammals. 2/Not available. Sources: Tsentral'noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie Pri Sovete Ministrov USSR (Central Statistical Administration of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers) 1963, 1964. of all Pacific fishery catches. So far, U.S.S.R. distant offshore operations from Far East ports have been almost entirely in the Bering Sea and southeastward into the Gulf of Alaska. Recent developments indicate that Soviet vessels in the Far East plan to fish on a large com~ mercial scale in the Central and South Pacific, the East and South China Seas, and the Indian Ocean. The Far East Region (fig. 2) is divided into six administrative provinces (designated in Russian as an oblast! or krai). With the exception of Amur Province, all provinces conduct marine fisheries in the North Pacific, including the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Sakha= lin Province contains the former Japanese prefecture of Karafuto (southern half of Sakhalin Island) and the Kuril Islands. Fishery development in the Far East Region has progressed at different rates in the different provinces. Primorskii Krai or the Maritime Province has increased landings sixfold during the last eight years. In 1963, the catch of 750,000 metric tons accounted for almost one-half of Far East landings (table 3 and fig. 2). This rapid increase is partly due to the buildup of whale and crab fleets operating from the ports of Vladivostok and Nakhodka at the southernmost tip of the Far East Region. Also, Primorskii Krai has been allocated the largest number of new vessels. Of the 21 Maiakovskii-class large stern trawlers added during 1960-63 to the Soviet Pacific fleet, 13 were allotted to Primorskii Krai and only 4 each to Kamchatka and Sakhalin Provinces. Table 3 - Soviet Far East Marine Landings, by Provinces, 1956, 1960, and 1963 Administrative 1963 per come | 1956 Divisions % 1,000 Metric 1,000 Metric 1,000 Metric Tons Tons 344 215 Primorskii Krai .. . Kamchatka Oblast' . Sakhalin Oblast' .. Khabarovsk Krai .. Magadan Oblast' 1/Not available. Magadan Oblast" was formed only in December 1953 and no statistical data are available for the first few years of its existence. Landings in 1956 are believed to have been negligible. 2/Estimated Sources: Garfield 1959; Margolin 1963; Meinikov and Sal'nikov 1962. Kamchatka, traditionally the richest Soviet Far East fishing province, has declined inrel- ative importance. In 1956, about 358,000 metric tons (60 percent of Far East marine landings) were produced by that province. In 1963, production was about the same, but constituted only November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 23 percent of Soviet marine landings in the Far East. This has produced a certain restless- ness among responsible officials of the province, which is understandable since the fishing in- dustry provides 70 percent of Kamchatka's total gross product. In June 1963, the Secretary of the Communist Party for Kamchatka Oblast' wrote a caustic review of the local fishing in- dustry, and stated that "one would think that it would be logical to keep Kamchatka in at the top of the list when fishing vessels are distributed. However, this is not so; they are sent mainly to areas where both landings and productivity are at a considerably lower level." Kamchatka imports 6 to 7 metric tons of industrial and consumer goods for each ton of fish~ ery catch produced. Consequently, the central government wants to diversify Kamchatka's industries, and it is likely that the importance of her fishing will decline further. Neverthe- less, a goal of 500,000 tons of fishery landings by the end of 1965 has been set, although this will probably not be reached. Landings in Sakhalin Province have increased from 74,000 metric tons in 1956 to 260,000 tons in 1963. Mainly responsible for the increase has been participation in the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska flounder, herring, and ocean perch fisheries, and intensified saury fishing (with electric lights and suction pumps) in the Northwest Pacific near the Kuril Islands. In 1963, over 70,000 metric tons of saury were landed; the 1965 goal is 200,000 tons. Little is known about Khabarovsk and Magadan Provinces, except that Amur River salm-~ on constitute over 10 percent of Khabarovsk marine landings. The low rate of investment in the fisheries of those two provinces is partly responsible for the reportedly nominal increase Table 4 = Known Additions to the Soviet Far East Fishing Fleet, by Type, Class, and Country of Construction, 1960-63 Type and Class Number of Vessels of Vessel Medium trawlers: U.S.S.R. East Germany Motherships (herring): Severodvinsk..... Refrigerator transports: Brats” s,s ysuie) © Tavriia Pervomaisk Sevastopol Slayplev... Whaling fleet: Sovetskaia Rossiia Vladivostok Catcher boats Support vessels: Tankers .. eee Repair ships ..... Floating docks, large Floating docks, small . Salvage tugs... 0- Water carriers . 2... 1/Estimated. 2/Not available. 3/Includes some 1959 deliveries. 4/Includes only catchers added to the Sovetskaia Rossiia whaling fleet. The Soviets operate three additional whaling fleets in the Pacific. Note: Not included are smaller types of fishing craft, such as small and medium seiners, and vessels of the seal and walrus shunting fleet. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla in landings. From 1959 through 1965, the U.S.S.R. will have invested only the equivalent of US$13.3 million in the Magadan, Amur, and Khabarovsk Provinces. This is barely 0.6 per- cent of the total Soviet investment in the Far East fisheries (table 1). FAR EAST FISHING FLEET Increased Far East landings are mainly the result of an unprecedented growth in the So= viet Pacific fishing fleet. During 1960-63, the Soviet Government supplied the Main Adminis= tration of Far East Fisheries with over 200 modern fishing and support vessels--an estimated 500,000 gross tons. Data have been compiled from many sources on specific details regard- ing 157 of the larger vessels, totaling 410,020 gross tons. Table 4 gives the type and class of vessels built, the country of construction, and the year when the vessels were added to the Far East fleet. Table 5 gives the average and total gross tonnages of the new vessels. Table 5 - Known Additions to the Soviet Far East Fishing Fleet, by Type, Class, and Gross Tonnage, 1960-63 Type and Class Average Total Gross Tonnage of Vessel Gross Tonnage 1963 1962 1961 1960 Medium trawlers: ; Duold O80 Geo .D bwDro ON 260 ae ee 1/2, 600 ae Loe a a n-t0010 010 6 0.0 505, 2 020 2,020 ! Stern trawlers: Maiakovskii ..ee+e-+-+ =. pee f). Boe 12, See 6, ae pi eeeevse ee 8 # . Motherships (herring): Severodvinsk ... + .s.s2e Factoryships: ZAKVATOVAe Raiioialielisitoilsiiei= ; Refrigerator transports: Bratsk ...ccececeee Tavriia ...ececeee Pervomaisk Sevastopol ae Skryplev ....+- Whaling fleet: Sovetskaia Rossiia . ..... 33, 150 Vladivostok ...e.eseeceecee 17, 150 Catcher) boats) . . 2... « Support fleet: Tankers «220 «0+ eee Repair'ships . . : o« = = ia Floating docks, large .... Floating docks, small .... Salvage tugs ....- Water carriers . se ee «ss 3, 300 136, 110 1S, 455 34, 985 = 470 1/510, 020 YY 1/Estimated. 2/Not available. The additions to the Far East fleet in tables 4 and 5 were all vessels destined for distant offshore operations. Half of the 157 vessels specifically identified were medium trawlers (260 to 505 gross tons in size) and stern trawlers (2,600 to 3,200 gross tons); however, they accounted for only 21 percent of the gross tonnage. Motherships to store herring and factory- ships to process fish and crabs were other important additions to the fleet. During 1960-63, known additions of motherships and factoryships to the Pacific fleet were 10, totaling 113,375 gross tons. The Soviets have recognized the need for all types of support to distant offshore fishing. Refrigerator transports, tankers, repair ships, floating docks, tugs, and water car- riers give strong and vital support to fishing operations and the handling and processing of fish and shellfish. Nearly 40 such known additions, totaling 118,595 gross tons, were made to the Far Hast fishing fleet during 1960-63. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Major additions were also made to the whaling fleet. Three factoryships (totaling 67,450 gross tons) and 27 catcher boats (totaling 22,950 gross tons) were allotted to the Far East fleet. The Soviets have relied on foreign shipyards for building a large part of their Far East fishing fleet. Of the known tonnage added to the fleet during 1960-63, an estimated 225,940 tons (55 percent) were constructed in the U.S.S.R. The remaining 184,080 gross tons were built in Poland (50,000 gross tons), West Germany (34,300 tons), East Germany (30,680 tons), Denmark (20,700 tons), Finland (16,200 tons), and unidentified countries (32,200 tons). The trend in the Soviet Far East fisheries has been toward building vessels of larger ton- nage. In 1960, the average gross tonnage of the 30 vessels added to the fleet was 1,782. The average tonnage increased each succeeding year--2,065 tons in 1961, 2,560 tons in 1962, and 4,253 tons in 1963. During 1960-62, mediumtrawlers were added in larger numbers. The sharp increase in average tonnage in 1963 can be attributed to the addition of 13 stern trawl- ers, compared with 9 during the previous three years; also, two new whale factoryships were added to the fleet. Below are given descriptions of the classes of vessels added to the Soviet Far East fish- ing fleet during 1960-63. The data given are generally for the first vessel built in a class; subsequent additions to a class may have considerable modifications to improve efficiency of operation. Information is not available on the specifications of the whale catcher boats and support vessels assigned to the Far East fishing fleet. MEDIUM TRAWLERS: During 1960-62, the following two |classes of medium fishing trawl- ers (SRT--Srednii Rybolovnii Trauler) were added to the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet: 1. Without refrigeration (SRT): This class of medium trawler (fig. 3) is the most numerous of the fishing vessels in the Pacific offshore fleet. An estimated 500 to 600SRT's participate in Soviet Far East fishing opera- tions. Forty were delivered during 1960-62; data are not available on 1963 deliveries. SRT's have been constructed in the U.S.S.R.; they were also built in East Germany until 1959. The more recently built SRT's are about 260 gross tons in size, about 130 feet in @verall length, carry a crew of 15, andhave a cargo capacity of about 200 metric tons, The German-made SRT can only carry about 120 tons. In recent years, an estimated 50 SRT's were equipped with refrigeration plants and the ultimate plan of the Main Administra- tion of Far East Fisheries is that all of its SRT's be refrigerated.2 Fig. 3 - Trawler of SRT class. Vessel has no refrigeration equip= 2. With refrigeration (Okean class): mente Built in East Germany, Okean motor vessels (also known as SRT-R or Srednii Rybolovnii Trauler Refrizheratornii) are conventional side trawlers, but also carry two boats for gill-net and ring-net fishing (fig. 4). Sixteen of these vessels were delivered during 1960-63. The vessels are 167 feet in overall length, 505 gross tons in size, and have a crew of 26. The fish caught (principally herring) are usually salted, packed in barrels, and stored in refrigerated holds at -4° C, (25° F.). The Okean-class vessels can work independently for 40 days at un- limited distances from shore; in the North Pacific, however, they are employed for months at a time as part of fishing fleets. Equipment includes Soviet-manufactured radar, gyrocompass, radio-direction finder, and depth-determining echo-sounder (maximum depth 4,000 feet). A horizontal-vertical sounding 2/Communication by Mr. Winthrop A, Haskell, Fisheries Management Agent, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, Alaska. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla apparatus of German manufacture is capable of locating fish schools at angles ranging be= tween 150° to port and 150° to starboard from the ship's forward direction at a distance of 6,500 feet. A thermometer which can measure water temperatures down to 120 meters (394 feet) is also used to locate fish concentrations. Trawling is done only over the starboard side with 2 power-driven drums each capable of hauling 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) of warp at an average speed of 60 meters (197 feet) per minute. The length of the warps indicates that the maximum depth at which an SRT-R can fish is about 1,500 feet. Gill-net fishing is highly mechanized, the net being hauled by a powered pulley in the starboard bulwark; 2 grippers pass the net over a Shaking device. A fish-salting and packing machine, capable of processing 4.5 metric tons of fish an hour, is installed on the main deck to reduce manual labor. Aver- age yearly Soviet catches for Okean=-class trawlers amounted to 690 metric tons in 1959 and 710 tons in 1960. Inthe Far East, how- ever, average catches were larger; the best vessels caught up to 1,100 tons in 1962 and over 2,000 tons in 19638. ting. STERN TRAWLERS: One of the most significant classes added to the Far Eastern fleet during 1960-63 has been the stern trawler, also known as the BMRT (Bolshoi Morozilnii Rybolovnii Trauler or Large Freezer Fishing Trawler). Four classes of stern trawlers are operated by the Soviets--Pushkin, Maiakovskii, Leskov, and Tropik. All except the Leskov class have been used in the Soviet Pacific fisheries. The Maiakovskiis predominate (21 were added to the Far East fleet during 1960-63); only one Pushkin was delivered before 1960, and one Tropik in 1963. The stern trawler may well become the predominant type among Soviet fishing vessels, because it is a completely autonomous unit capable of fishing at great dis- tances from home port and processing its catch. The U.S.S.R. embarked on mass production of stern trawlers in 1958, after their proto- type, the Pushkin (constructed in West Germany from the design of the British-built Fairtry), proved successful under high-seas conditions. BMRT's are more productive than convention- al trawlers, and can produce catches of as much as 20 to 25 metric tons a haul (Gorinov1962). The average yearly catch per fisherman on a BMRT has been reported as being 51.6 tons, on a medium side trawler 30.4 tons. Small Soviet coastal trawlers produced only 16.7 tons per fisherman. The cost of catching a ton of fish on a BMRT comes to 120.5 rubles (US$135.5), much less than on smaller Soviet fishing vessels (Melnikov 1962). The characteristics of the BMRT stern trawlers added to the Far East fishing fleet dur- ing 1960-63 are: 1. Maiakovskii class--Improved versions of the Pushkin, Maiakovskiis (fig. 5) have a cruising range of 16,000 to 17,000 miles and can stay at sea 80 days, of which 60 can be spent on the fishing grounds. The vessels are 3,170 gross tons in size, 278 feet in over- all length, and operate with a crew of 102. Maiakovskiis are being constructed in U.S.S.R. = shipyards at Nikolaev (on the Black Sea) at fem is a the rate of about 12 to 24 a year. = aE = ee . . Fig. 5 = Stern trawler of the Maiakovskii class. Known also as a Fishing equipment consists ofa trawl BMRT, the vessel is a completely integrated fishing and process= and an electrically-driven winch for pulling ing factoryship with freezing, canning, and reduction equipment. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 in the trawl and bringing it up the stern ramp. The fish brought aboard can be frozen, canned, or reduced to meal and oil. Two automated lines are able to fillet 20 tons of fish a day; an- other line beheads (by machine) and guts (by hand) 10 tons of fish a day. Two twin-chute freez- ing chambers use an air system capable of delivering a temperature of -35° C, (-31° F.). The fillets or dressed fish can be quick-frozen to a temperature of -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in about 3 to 4 hours. After glazing and packing, they are stored at -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in refrigerated holds with a volume of 1,330 cubic meters (46,969 cubic feet). The canning plant~--two auto- claves and one sealing machine-~has a daily production capacity of 3,500 cans. Oil is removed from cod livers in a rendering shop equipped with two boilers. The fish-meal plant has two single-drum units which can process 20 tons of fish or offal per day; the fish-meal hold has a capacity of 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet). 2, Tropik class--The newest type of stern trawler in the Pacific fleet has been designed primarily for diversified fishing in the tropics, although it can operate in temperate and sub- arctic waters. Basically a trawler, vessels of the Tropik class are also equipped with (1) three line haulers for tuna long-line fishing3/; (2) folding platforms along the sides of the ves- sel for tuna pole-and-line fishing; (3) two motor dories (each 30 feet in length) for purse-sein- ing or line fishing; and (4) a fish-pumping plant for bringing aboard fish attracted to the ves- sel by electric lights. The vessel is equipped for experimental drift-net fishing. Tropiks can process catches by freezing, and can produce fish meal and fish oil from waste and offal and surplus fish. Tropiks now have a crew of about 75; but by the time the last vessel in this class comes off the assembly line in 1965, further automation of equipment may reduce the crew to about 50 persons. The vessels are about 2,600 gross tons in size, 262 feet in overall length, and can stay at sea 60 days. Working and living quarters are air-conditioned. The refrigeration plant, consisting of 6 ammonia compressors, provides for (1) the freezing of 30 metric tons of fish in 22 hours; (2) cooling the holds to -25° C. (-13° F.); (3) producing 6 tons of flake ice in 15 hours; and (4) chilling 25 tons of fish a day from 30° C, (86° F.) to 29 C. (35.6° F.), Fish are dressed by hand and, after freezing, are packed in cartons stored in 3 refrigerated holds with a volume of 940 cubic meters (33,196 cubic feet). Processing equipment can handle 50 tons of raw fish a day--30 tons for freezing and 20 tons for reduction to meal and oil. Up to 3 tons of cod livers can be reduced to medicinal oil. The Soviets have plans to assign 30 Tropiks to their Pacific fishing fleet. So far, only one, the Pegas, was delivered in July 1963 to the Sakhalin-based fishing fleet; during January and February 1964 it conducted exploratory operations for mackerel and jacks in the warm waters of the East China Sea. It also has fished for tuna in the South China Sea, in waters near the Indonesian coasts, and in the Gulf of Siam. HERRING MOTHERSHIPS (Severodvinsk class): A herring mothership fleet consists of a large base ship (fig. 6) and a fleet of drifters or trawlers. Only trawlers have been reported operating in the Bering Sea. No processing is done on the mothership; the vessel is designed solely to receive and store the herring catch- es of fishing vessels. Immediately after being caught, the herring are salted lightly and placed in barrels before transfer to the moth- ership. The mothership provides the fleet with fuel, water, provisions, salt, barrels, and social and medical services, The Soviet Union placed an order for 11 Severodvinsk-class motherships in 1959 with : 3 , ‘ the state-owned shipyard at Gdansk, Poland. ia. © > Hawing moter of sie Severcavical clays Algugeide All were delivered by 1963, and 5 were al- os see lotted to the Far East during 1960-62, principally for operations in the Bering Sea. Each ves~ Sel is about 10,000 gross tons in size, andhas a crew of 257. It has 5 refrigerated holds of ~3/The use of three line haulers is not explained in the original Soviet source (Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 38, no. 8, August 1962, p. 37). 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla 10,150 cubic meters (358,444 cubic feet), sufficient to store about 5,000 metric tons of fish. About 200 tons of lightly salted herring can be chilled each day and maintained at 0° C. (329 F.), assuring the good quality of this highly perishable fish. A helicopter, which can take off from a landing platform situated at the stern of the ship, aids in tracking schools of fish. The vessel's hull is strengthened for navigation in ice, a feature that also enables the mothership to withstand the striking of drifters or trawlers against the hull during loading or unloading operations. Hight fishing vessels, four on each side, can moor simultaneously alongside the 500-foot-long mothership. FACTORYSHIPS (Zakharov class); The factoryship is designed to process fish and shell- fish into finished products, as well as perform the service functions of a mothership. Although a variety of factoryships are operated by the Soviets in the Pacific, floating canneries were the only type of factoryship added to the Far Bast fleet during 1960-63. The Zakharov- class floating cannery (fig. 7) receives fish and shellfish from its fleet of SRT's (medium fishing trawlers) or from the 12 motorboats that it carries. The motorboats are of the Japanese kawasaki type, specially designed for catching king crabs with tangle nets, but they can be used for other types of fishing. Though abbiags designated a cannery, the Zakharov is also equipped to manufacture fish meal and oilfrom wastes obtained during canning operations. Fig. 7 - Factoryship of the Zakharov class. Alongside is an SRT Zakharov-class factoryships have been trawler. The factoryship carries 12 motorboats for king crab fish= SO areery ea Te ‘ 5 a ing; two can be seen near the bow and stem, built at the Admiralty Shipyards in Leningrad since 1959. During 1960-63, 5 were delivered to the Far East, and it is reported that 3 more will be delivered in 1964. The vessels are 12,675 gross tons in size, 532 feet in overall length, and have a cruising range of 11,000 miles. Of the 640 people aboard, about 500 are processing workers and the rest are crew members. Processing equipment is capable of canning various species (e.g. herring, sardines, saury, ocean perch, and king crab), thereby enabling the factoryship to be used throughout the year. Automatic and semiautomatic machinery are consolidated into mechanized production lines. Daily capacity of the canning lines is about 1,600 cases, produced in three 7-hour shifts. A- bout 2.4 tons of fish meal can be produced each day. Facilities are available for preparing caviar from salmon roe. The refrigeration plant is designed to (1) produce 25 tons of chipped ice each day, (2) cool fish in brine tanks, and (3) cool fish-storage and provision holds that have a total volume of 1,520 cubic meters (53,678 feet). Considerable improvements have been carried out on recently constructed Zakharov- class factoryships. Reportedly, storage and ice production capacity have been doubled, and additional automation of production lines has made possible a reduction of 115 workers. The introduction of air-conditioning in the living quarters presages eventual deployment of those vessels in tropical fishing regions. Soviet floating canneries are capable of remaining at sea independently for three months, but have been reported on Bering Sea grounds for as long as a year. In such instances, sup- port vessels bring in supplies and transship finished products to Soviet ports. The Zakharovs have been observed during 1959-63 in Bristol Bay operating for king crab, and for a short time in 1963 in the western part of the Gulf of Alaska. The factoryships have also serviced vessels fishing for herring and ocean perch in Bristol Bay and saury off the Kuril Islands in the western Pacific. REFRIGERATOR VESSELS: About 10 classes of refrigerator transport vessels have been used by the Soviet Far East fleet. The older classes act principally as refrigerator fish carriers (Refrizherator Rybnyi) and do not have equipment for quick-freezing fish. Construc- tion of those classes has been discontinued. The newer classes, which are called production refrigerator transports (Proizvodstvennii Refrizherator), are designed to take fish on board at the place of capture, freeze them, and then deliver the frozen products to home ports. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ah The movements of the refrigerated and cargo fish carriers are controlled by the Admin- istration of the Far East Refrigerator Fleet (Dal'Vostokrybkholodflot), headquartered at Vla- divostok as part of the Main Administration of Far East Fisheries. The refrigerator trans- ports are assigned to 11 operational units, each serving a Far East fishing fleet. In addition, an unknown number of cargo vessels transport salted herring in barrels. At least 20 large refrigerator vessels were added to the Administration of the Far East Refrigerator Fleet during 1960-63. By 1963, a total of more than 70 refrigerator fish car- riers were plying North Pacific waters, transporting processed, semiprocessed, and frozen fishery products from the fishing grounds to the mainland, thereby enabling fishing vessels to remain on the fishing grounds for long periods of time. The new additions to the Far East Refrigerator Fleet during 1960-63 were of the following five advanced classes: 1. Bratsk class--Eight refrigerator vessels of the Bratsk class were allotted to the So- viet Far East fleet during 1961-63. Those vessels--built in East Germany's Stralsund Vol- kswerft (Stralsund People's Shipyard)--are 270 feet in overall length, have a gross tonnage of about 2,500, carry a crev of 91, and can cruise for 40 days without replenishing supplies and fuel. The freezing and refrigeration plant consists of 2 freezer machines, 4 air-blast freezing tunnels, packing departments, refrigerating machines, and refrigerated holds. About 50 tons of fish--taken aboara fresh or iced from the catcher boats--can be frozen in a 22- hour period. Hold capacity of 1,800 cubic meters (63,566 cubic feet) permits storage of about 800 tons of frozen fish in cartons. Temperature in the holds is maintained at about -18° C. (-0.4° F.). 2. Tavriia class--Constructed in the Soviet Union, vessels of the Tavriia class (fig. 8) perform the same functions as those of the Bratsk class, taking aboard whole or gutted fish, quick-freezing them, and then conveying them to distribution centers on the Soviet mainland. Tavriias are 325 feet in overall length and 3,230 gross tons in size. Fish are frozen without further processing in two tunnel-type air-blast installations with a capacity of 50 metric tons per day. The fish are then placed in holds with a capacity of 3,300 cubic meters (116,539 cubic feet) at a temperature of -18° C. (-0.4° F.). In one hold the temperature can be lowered to -25° C, (-13° F). If the quantity of fish taken aboard exceeds the daily freezing capacity, 20 tons of fish can be pre- served in flake ice and stored in coolers at ‘ ! i .-8- avriia class. On board are ae Se La apa 12 tons of flake ice can "Boies for guckstecdng sod orig fish peodctt s the seal 4 } a eae ys a fleet of fishing craft. 3. Pervomaisk class--Built for the Soviet ship-importing state enterprise (Sudoimport) by a Danish shipyard, Pervomaisk-class refrigerator vessels are 328 feet in overall length and about 3,300 gross tons in size. Air-blast freezer tunnels are fully automated. Further information on this class of refrigerator vessel is not available. 4, Sevastopol class--The largest refrigerator transports in the Soviet Far East fishing fleet are vessels of the Sevastopol class, Those vessels--430 feet in overall length and 5,525 gross tons in size--have been built at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad since 1961. Three were allocated to the Far East in 1962 and 1963. Sevastopols can freeze whale meat trans - ferred from a whale factoryship, freeze fish without dressing them, and transport the frozen products to the Soviet Union. The Sevastopol's freezing facilities, with a daily capacity of 100 metric tons of fish, con- sist of 8 air-blast freezing tunnels, each 39 feet long. Trays, each holding 33 to 40 pounds of fish, are loaded onto carts that are conveyed automatically through the freezer tunnels; the fish can be quick-frozen in 43 hours. The frozen fish are removed automatically and stored 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla at a temperature of -18° C, (-0.4° F.) in five holds of 5,400 cubic meters (190,700 cubic feet) and a total capacity of 2,700 metric tons of fish. 5. Skryplev class--Although designated a refrigerator transport, Skryplevs (fig. 9) are virtually a factoryship that can freeze fish and prepare fish meal and oil. nN distinctive fea- ture of this transport is a stern ramp fitted with a gate which can be closed. Fish can be taken over the side direct from a fishing ves- sel or the vessel can leave its trawl bag float- ing on the surface of the sea. The bags are marked by buoys, usually fitted with radar re- flectors; the transport's radar is used to lo- cate the bags and they are brought aboard up the stern ramp. Three vessels of this class (built in Denmark) were allocated to the Far Bast fleet in 1962 and 1963. Skryplevs are 300 feet long between per- pendiculars, 4,700 gross tons in size, and carry (excluding the actual crew) 102 people Fig. 9 - Refrigerator transport of the Skryplev class. Besidesfreez- for handling and processing catches. For ing fish, meal and oil can also be prepared. The stern ramp is short-time preservation of fish, two ice-mak- used to bring aboard trawl bags brought to the transport by fish- ‘ ? 5 ing craft, ing plants can produce 10 tons of flake ice per day from sea water. The transport is fully equipped with fish filleting and heading machines, and has fish meal and oil plants capable of handling 30 tons of waste, offal, and surplus fish per day. Cod livers can be processed into medicinal oil in a special liver oil plant. WHALING VESSELS: Due to the special nature of whaling operations, the Main Adminis- tration of Far Bast Fisheries has established a special Administration of Whaling Fleets, which is in charge of Far East whaling ships operating in the North Pacific as well as the one in the Antarctic. This Administration organizes timetables for tankers delivering fuel and taking on whale oil, and keeps records on the production of the fleets. On the whaling grounds, however, operational command and coordination with catcher boats remains with the captains of the whaling factoryships. Soviet Pacific whaling operations predate the foundation of the city of Vladivostok, but were conducted for many years on a small scale from shore stations. In the late 1920's, a United States cargo vessel was purchased and converted into a whaling factoryship. Renamed the Aleut, it began operations in the North Pacific during the 1932/33 whaling season. Aleut operations were limited to the western North Pacific until 1959, when it began to hunt whales along the western Aleutian Islands. In 1962, the Aleut operated briefly off Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska, possibly on an exploratory mission. In 1962 and 1963, major additions were made to the Pacific whaling fleet; 3 factoryships and at least 27 catcher boats were allotted to the Far Bast. All Soviet Pacific whaling vessels are based at Vladivostok or Nakhodka. The factoryship additions were as follows: 1. Sovetskaia Rossiia--A sistership of its prototype, the Sovetskaia Ukraina (assign- ed to the Atlantic fleet), the Sovetskaia Ros- siia was constructed at Nikolaev on the Black Sea and joined the Far Bast whaling fleet in 1962, The vessel is about 33,150 gross tons in size, 715 feet in overall length, furnishes logistic support to 20 catcher boats, and is reported to be the world's largest whale fac- toryship. The Sovetskaia Rossiia has partici- pated in Antarctic whaling each year since the ¢ ¢ Fig. 10 - Whale factoryship of the Vladivostok class. The vessel 1962/63 season. is equipped for either whaling or fish processing. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 2. Vladivostok class--In 1963, two newly constructed whale factoryships--the Vladivostok and the Dalnii Vostok--were assigned to the Far East fishing fleet. Constructed in West Ger- many, those vessels, each 596 feet in overall length and 17,150 gross tons in size, are equip- ped for either whaling or fish processing. The vessels (fig. 10) have a permanently installed whale factory, meal processing plant, and refrigerator tunnel. About 1,700 tons of raw whales can be handled daily by the whale factory to produce about 220 tons of oil, 200 tons of meal, 6.5 tons of vitamin oil, and 45 tons of frozen meat. When not whaling, a removable fish-proc- essing plant is placed on the flensing deck; a daily quantity of 500 tons of raw fish can be proc- essed into about 25 to 45 tons of fillets, 50 tons of frozen fish, 100 tons of fish meal, and 35 tons of fish body oil. SUMMARY The Soviet Far East Region, a geographical and economic rather than a political unit, in- cludes all lands between Siberia and the Pacific. This Region extends over 3.6 million square miles or an area as large as the entire United States. Only about 5 million people, however, inhabit this huge land, which borders on Communist China to the South and on the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea to the North. The Soviet Government, anxious for the rapid economic and demographic development of such a strategically-exposed territory, is devoting large sums of- capital to the build-up of the Far East economy. Fisheries are the most important economic activity in the Soviet Far East, situated as it is on the vast and rich seas of the northwestern Pacific. The annual output of the Region's fishing industry, valued at nearly US$1.1 billion, represents about one-third of the value of the total industrial production of the Region. In 1963, the Far East produced over 1.5 million met- ric tons of fishery landings, or about one-third of the total Soviet landings of 4.7 million tons. In 1950, Soviet Far East landings had amounted to only 370,000 metric tons, which constituted a little over one-fifth of the total U.S.S.R. fishery landings that year. This large expansion in production reflects the high priority which the central govern- ment in Moscow attaches to the rapid growth of the Far East fishing industry. Since 1946, well over one billion rubles (US$1.1 billion) have been allocated to the Far East provinces for the expansion of their fishing industry. Annual investments have increased steeply during the current 7-Year Plan (1959-1965) and represent approximately 1 percent of all Soviet industrial investments. The principal beneficiary of the current outlays is the Maritime Province (Prt= morskii Krai), whose yearly allocations increased eightfold in a decade. Most of the capital investments--currently up to about 75 percent--are spent on vessels. As a result, an unpre~ cedented growth of the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet is taking place. During 1960-63, the Soviet Government added to this fleet over 200 modern fishing, fish-processing, whaling, and support vessels for an estimated gross tonnage of 500,000 tons. About one-half of that tonnage was constructed in domestic shipyards; the other half was purchased from Poland, West and East Germany, Denmark, Finland, and other countries. The trend in Soviet Far East fisheries has been toward building more processing and supporting vessels, vital for operating fishing ves- sels over long periods far from home ports or shore bases. LITERATURE SOURCES BORGSTROM, GEORG 1961. The Atlantic Fisheries of the U.S.S.R. Atlantic Ocean Fisheries, pp. 282-315. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London. CHERNYSHEV, V. GORINOV, A. aan es ; : 1962. Fishing Craft of the U.S.S.R. Fishing News Interna~- tional, vol. 1, no. S (October 1962), pp. 80-82. MARGOLIN, ADOLF B. 1963. Problemy Narodnogo Khoziaistva Dal'nego Vostoka 1963. V Centre Vnimaniia--Rybnoe Khoziaistvo (Fishing In- ee of Development in the Economy of the dustry Should Become the Center of Attention). ar East), Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moskva (in Rus- Partiinaia Zhim, no. 15, August 1963, pp. 15-20 sian). in Russian). MELINIKOV, G, B, and N, E, SAL'NIKOV GARFIELD, MORTON J, 1962. Razvitie Rybnoi Promyshlennosti, Rybnogo Khoziaistva 1959. High-Seas Fisheries of the U.S.S.R. U.S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fishery Leaflet no. 482. i Zadachi Biologicheskoi Nauki v Svete Reshenii XXII S'ezda KPSS (Development of the Fishing Industry and Fishery Management in the Light of the Resolution of 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26,No.1lla LITERATURE SOURCES (Contd.) the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Communist Party). Zoologicheskii Zhumal, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 1,771l=- 82 (in Russian). MIKHAILOV, S. V. 1962. Ekonomika Rybnoi Promyshlennosti SSSR (The Econom - ics of the Soviet Fishing Industry). Pishchepromizdat, Moskva (in Russian). NAGIBAIDZE, SH. G. 1961. Razvivat' Rybnuiu Promyshlennost' Sakhalina i Kuril'- skikh Ostrovoy (The Development of the Sakhalin and Kuril Islands Fishing Industry). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo vol, 37, no. 12, (December 1961), pp. 6-11, Moskva (in Russian). SLAVIN, S. V. 1961. Promyshlennoe i Transportnoe Osvoenie Severa SSSR (Industrial and Transportation Conquest of the Soviet North). Izdatel'stvo Ekonlit, Moskva (in Russian). TSENTRAL'NOE STATISTICHESKOE UPRAVLENIE PRI SOVETE MINISTROV SSSR (Central Statistical Administration of the USSR Council of Ministers). 1963. Narodnoe Khoziaistvo v Godu 1962 (The National Econ- omy in 1962). Gosstatizdat', Moskva (in Russian). 1964. SSR v Tsifrakh (U.S.S.R. in Numbers). Gosstatizdat', Moskva (in Russian). U. S. CONGRESS, SENATE, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, 1964. The Postwar Expansion of Russia's Fishing Industry (by Leon M. Herman). U. S. Government Printing Of- fice. (88th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate). VEREVKIN, A. 1963. Izpol'zovat! Bogatstva Dal'nego Vostoka (Let Us Utilize the Natural Resources of the Far East). Planovoe Khoziaistvo, no. 9, September 1963, pp. 72-75 (in Russian). Note: The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr, Sidney Shapiro, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, for his quidance and valuable comments on the substance of this article, as well as for expert editorial assistance. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre- newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. Editorial Assistants: Compositor: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Alma Greene * kK Ok KK O&K Photograph Credits: for each photograph in this issue. Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover--\Burmeister and Wain, Copenhagen, Denmark; p. 7--Karl W. Kenyon; p. 8--Robert K. Brigham; pp. 9, 10, and 12 (fig.! 10)--U. S. Coast Guand; p. 11--The Boston Globe; p. 12 (fig. 9)--A. W. Anderson, U. S. Regional Fishery Attache forEurope; p. 20--George French, Maine Development Commission; p. 23--Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, State House, Au- gusta, Me. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 OVERALL VIEW OF SOVIET FISHERIES IN 1963, WITH EMPHASIS ON ACTIVITIES OFF UNITED STATES COASTS By Loyal G. Bouchard* ABSTRACT The U.S.S.R. fishery catch has increased steadily in recent years, the result mainly of the expansion and integration of high-seas fishing fleets. The significant development is that Soviet fleets and vessels have developed the capability of fishing great distances from home ports. Those vessels now fish commercial fishery concentrations off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States. It is highly probable that Soviet fishing effort will increase in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in the western Atlantic, where the Soviets have made arrangements for the expansion, modernization, and use of a Cuban fishing port in Havana Bay. INTRODUCTION The fishery catch of the U.S.S.R. has more than doubled since 1950. Within the last dec- ade, the Soviet Union has moved ahead of the United States to occupy fourth place among the leading fishing nations of the world. The large increase in the Soviet catch, which was al- ready at a high level, is the result of expanded high-seas fishing operations. Fully integrated Soviet fishing fleets and large stern factory trawlers are now capable of fishing for prolonged periods at great distances from home ports. Such capability has enabled the Soviets to fish for commercial quantities of fish at the opposite sides of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. So- viet fishing fleets are now a common sight off the coasts of Alaska and New England, and So- viet fishing vessels also frequent the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and areas off the Mid- dle and South Atlantic coast of the United States. CATCH AND PRINCIPAL SPECIES Soviet Landings, excluding whales and other marine mammals, for selected years (prelimi- nary estimate for 1963) reflect the remarkable progress and expansion of the Soviet fisheries. Table 2 = U.S.S.R. Catch of Fish and Shellfish, 1- U.S.9.Rs Fishery Landings, by Selected Species, 1955, and 1960-62 1950, 1955, 1960-631/ Cod, related species . eee Alaska pollock Herring : Atlantic ...c.seece Baltic tale! shea) alte Pacific ekewerre ce Total herring ....-. Sprat ese ee cee tee Flounder, sole, halibut, and related species ... Ocean perch «esse ee Salmon, Pacific ....-. King crab «2+ ee eee Other marine .....-. [Total marine... | 3,252.5 | 2,099.7 | 2,619.4 |1,925.0 | [Grand wil ss sv» [| 3616.5 | 250.0] 3,051.0 [2,495.0 1/Principally roach, bream, carp, pike, pike-perch, and whitefish. ource: FAO Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics, 1960 and 1962. 1/Source: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1962. Herring in 1962 comprised 24.5 percent of the Soviet catch, compared with 17.9 percent in 1955 (table 2). Cod and related species (including Alaska pollock) are also of major im- portance, and represented 24.4 percent of the Soviet catch in 1962. Catches of sprat, flatfish, and ocean perch have also increased significantly since 1955, whereas the catch of king crab has shown slight gains, and catches of Pa- cific salmon and fresh-water species *Assistant Chief, Branch of Foreign Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 715 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla have declined. From 1961 to 1962, catch gains were noted for cod and related species, her= ring, sprat, and king crab, with declines in flatfish, ocean perch, and Pacific salmon. The Soviet catch of tuna reached 1,000 metric tons in 1962, FISHING AREAS A broad breakdown of the Soviet catch by area was based on an association between known species of fish and known bodies of water (table 3). Table 3 - U.S.S.R. Fishery Catch by Area of Capture 1956 and 1962 Catch 1962 1956 (Metric Tons). . . Fishing Area Marine: Atlantic Ocean, Barents Sea, White Sea and adjacent waters Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea Unidentified 1,259, 500 777 , 800 356, 100 859, 100 ee ee ee ew ee Pa gCa ye Chak Gis 3,616, 500 Tcaiees FAO Yearbook of Fiche Statistics, 1956 and 1962. The Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters supply over one-third of the total Soviet catch and continue to be of increasing importance. Large and increasing Soviet catches are also being taken in the Pacific Ocean and adjacent waters, particularly in the North Pacific and Bering Sea, The catch by major fishing area for 1956 and 1962 offers at best only a some= what relative comparison; the data suggest that the catch from waters of the Atlantic Ocean area probably has increased by at least 38 percent since 1956, compared to a mini= mum catch increase from waters of the Pacific Oceanarea of 41 percent. The catchinthe"un- identified'’ category could not be further sep= arated into the major marine fishing areas listed from the information presently available. In the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, the Soviets are known to be taking significant quanti- ties of ocean perch, cod, whiting (silver hake), haddock, herring, flounder, and halibut. Soviet catches, by principal species, taken in the ICNAF (International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries) Convention area for the years 1956 and 1962-63 are given in table 4. In 19638, for the first time, whiting (silver hake) dominated the Soviet catch in the ICNAF Convention area, followed by herring, cod, and ocean perch. The herring and cod catches declined from 1962 to 1963. Soviet fleets now frequent the Grand Banks off New- foundland and Georges Bank off New England. In August 1963, a peak number of over 200 Soviet vessels was reported operating on Georges Bank. In June 1963, a group of seven stern trawlers (BMRT class) was observed Table 4 » U.S.S.R. Catch inthe ICNAF Convention Area, 1956, and 1962-63 [ species | 963 | sez | 986 2 » « » e » (Metric Tons). . 81,658 100,791 100, 036 230, 380 37,535 6,504 35, 333 369, 794 17,009 i/Included with "other," Source: Documents of the Intemational Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF). fishing for whiting (silver hake) in the vicinity of Bloc CanyonL/, 30 miles south of Block Is= land, Rhode Island. The Soviet Union is also making a major effort to develop new fishing grounds in Davis Strait west of Greenland, and off the Labrador coast. In 1963, about 40 Soviet vessels, mostly medium trawlers and some stern trawlers, op erated off the United States Atlantic coast from Nantucket Island south to Florida. In early 1964, about 30 Soviet medium trawlers were reported to be operating out of Cuban ports. In the past two years, some of those craft were observed off Virginia, the Carolinas, Florida, and Louisiana; it is believed those craft are conducting exploratory fishing operations and perhaps oceanographic studies off the Middle and South Atlantic coast of the United States, and in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, Species sought may include menhaden, shrimp, and tuna, among others. Soviet stern trawlers, operating off the coast of Virginia in March 1964, were taking scup, sea bass, and sea robins. In June 1962, a Soviet exploratory fishing vessel was reportedly seeking menhaden off the coasts of North and South Carolina. Soviet 4/A canyon in the ocean floor at approximately 39°42! N. latitude and 71°15'W. longitude. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17. scientists are known to be making a detailed study of the menhaden resources of the north- western Atlantic; the study includes a thorough review of reports published on the subject in the United States. Soviet research vessels are also assisting the Cubans in an oceanographic study of the Gulf of Mexico, In August 1962, it was announced that a Cuban fishing base, financed jointly by the Soviet Union and Cuba, would be built in Havana Bay. Reports indicate that construction at the base is proceeding rapidly and will include a shipyard for repairs, a large cold-storage plant, can- neries, warehouses, and a fish reduction plant. The base will also be equipped with extensive docking facilities and will service about 130 Soviet fishing vessels as well as serving Cuban needs, The cold-storage plant will have a 10,000-ton capacity. In September 1963, about 2,000 workers were employed in construction at the base. Some offshore marine resources of the western Atlantic, particularly off the coasts of Central American, South American, and Caribbean countries, are generally considered to be underdeveloped. Several Latin American countries do not have extensive fishery development capability and are not likely to develop such capability in the near future. In addition, the fish- eries of the United States, Canada, and Mexico are highly selective, and certain species off the coasts of those countries are underutilized. Because of Soviet access to a Cuban fishing base and ports, Cuba's ideal location, Soviet fishing capability, and the underutilized state of many of the offshore marine fishery resources, the Soviets are expected to increase fishing efforts in the western Atlantic and adjacent waters in the future and further assist and en- courage the Cubans in fishery development. In addition to the species mentioned previously, the Soviets may exploit stocks of flyingfish, anchovies, mackerel, swordfish, croaker, snap- per, and other bottomfish and pelagic species available in sufficient quantity. At least 400 Soviet vessels, at one time or another, fished on the high seas in the North Pacific and Bering Sea in 1963, Soviet catches in the North Pacific and Bering Sea include herring, ocean perch, flounders and soles, cod, Alaska pollock, sablefish, king crab, shrimp, and halibut. The halibut catches in the northeastern Pacific and eastern Bering Sea areas are believed small and incidental to trawl efforts for other bottomfish species. In October 1963, a Soviet research vessel reported taking good catches of halibut and sablefish in deep waters in the central Bering Sea area, but the exact location is not known. The Soviets are not known to be using baited multiple~hook and line sets for intensive commercial halibut fish~ ing off Alaskan coasts as yet. Tangle nets are being used for king crab and in 1963, for the first time, the Soviets sought this species in the Gulf of Alaska, about 30 miles southwest of Kodiak Island, The Soviets first began trawling for ocean perch in the Gulf of Alaska in1962, Meanwhile, Soviet exploratory fishing vessels were seen as far south, in the eastern North Pacific, as off the coasts of Washington, Ore~ gon, and California, No data are yet available (7jje5~-u.s.s.R. Catches of Select on the quantity of Soviet catch taken in the 1960- 196147 Gulf of Alaska. Catches of selected species ————— in the Bering Sea are shown in table 5, d Species in Bering Sea, The Soviets are also actively conducting fishing operations off the west coast of Africa | and in the Indian Ocean, Soviet fishing craft have called at West African ports in Angola for supplies and fuel and the Soviets are as~ sisting commercial fisheries development in Ghana. In mid-April 1963, the Fifth Soviet Tuna Research Expedition returned to Vladi~ vostok from four months of exploration off the Chagos Archipelago in the western Indian Ocean, It is expected that commercial fishing operations will begin in that area in the near future for tuna, mackerel, and swordfish, 1/Source: Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, No. 10, October 1961, FLEETS AND VESSELS The increased catch made by the Soviet Union is, for the most part, the result of high- seas fleet expansion with emphasis on increasing the number of larger motorized craft. In 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.1la 1956, the Soviet fishing fleet numbered 60,443 craft, of which 12,387 were motorized and 48,056 were nonmotorized. In 1964, although precise figures are not available, the number of motorized Soviet fishing craft has increased significantly and could be as much as double the 1956 figure. The versatility and range of Soviet fishing fleets and vessels were also in- creased significantly. The first Soviet stern trawlers were ordered in the mid=1950's and became operational a year or two later. Today, the Soviets have about 100 of those 2,600- to 3,200~-gross-ton fishing vessels. The Soviets have also increased the number of medium fishing trawlers and seiners (250 to 600 gross tons each), as well as motherships, factoryships, and other fleet- supporting craft, but the total number is unknown. One Soviet herring fleet, operating off the Norwegian coast in April 1961, numbered more than 1,000 vessels. As mentioned previously, other Soviet fleets of 200 or more fishing vessels now frequent New England and Alaskan coasts. The ocean-going fleets of the U.S.S.R. are highly versatile, mechanized, and integrated. Equipped with the most modern electronic fish-locating techniques and using a wide assort- ment of fishing gear, those fleets are capable of taking and processing commercial quantities of numerous pelagic and demersal species of fish in distant waters. Large floating factory- ships and motherships produce canned, salted, and frozen fish and shellfish, and fish meal and oil, and are capable of remaining at sea for 60 days or more. Some are known to have remained at sea for as long as a year. Refrigerated carriers, cargo vessels, and transport ships haul to Soviet ports the catches processed by the factoryships and taken by the seine and trawl craft, and return with food, supplies, equipment, spare parts, mail, personal items, and replacement workers. Tugboats rescue disabled craft and repairs are often made on the high seas. Vessels comprising the large Soviet fleets are constructed in shipyards in the So- viet Union (in Western Europe and the Far East), East Germany, West Germany, Poland, Den- mark, Sweden, Finland, and Japan. FISH FARM ON LAKE HANKA, SOVIET FAR EAST An expedition from the Pacific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography has concluded several years of work on Lake Hanka, in the Soviet Far Hast. The expedition studied the lake's flora andfauna, as well as hydrological conditions. The purpose of this research, the first of its kind there, was to study the conditions for artifical propagation and acclimatization of valuable varieties of fish. Lake Hanka is oneof the most interesting lakes in the world. It has about 60 varieties of fish, including fresh-water fishfrom cold northern latitudes as well as from the tropics, representatives of Asian fauna, and sturgeons from Russian European rivers. A farm for the cultivation ofthe mirror carp will be builton the lake. It will be one of the biggestof its kind in the Soviet Union. (The Fishing News, June 26, 1964.) November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 SUPPLY, SUSTAINED YIELD, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MAINE LOBSTER RESOURCE By Robert L. Dow* INTRODUCTION Biological, environmental, and economic data have been assembled for presentation in the sequence of their relevancy to an understanding of the Maine lobster fishery and the re- source which supports that fishery. Specifically the data consist of landings statistics (tables 1, 2, 3, 11), annual average number of traps fished as an indicator of effort (tables 2, 11), average landed value (tables 3, 10), estimates of fishing and natural mortality rates from stratified sampling of catch (tables 4, 5), length-frequency measurements for estimates of recruitment rate (table 6), estimates of total available legal supply (table 7), and sea water temperatures recorded at Boothbay Harbor by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (tables 8, 9,11). Data are presented in terms of their inter-relationships. The purpose is to demonstrate the use of biological, economic, and environmental infor- mation to (1) forecast relative abundance and available supply (tables 9a, 10a), (2) monitor changes in the population (tables 9, 10), and (3) recommend a type of management which would permit sustained annual yield of the fishery at or near optimum levels (table 14, fig. 5). DISTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY The American lobster, Homarus americanus, the largest and commercially most impor- tant crustacean in Maine waters, supports the seventh most valuable United States fishery and brings the highest unit price of any major species in NorthAmerica. These economic facts have beenimportant considerations inappraising the biological condition of the resource and inpre- dicting available abundance, both present and future. The lobster is especially abundant in Maine and) Nova Scotia and occurs elsewhere in smaller num- bers, both inshore and offshore, from Labrador to the Middle Atlantic. At periodic intervals throughout life, varying with the rate of growth and commencing at the end of the first larval stage, the lobster moults. Al- though individual lobsters may moult at any season, for the majority this debilitating experience takes place sometime between May and September. In Maine there is a geographical variation; moulting occurs about six week earlier in western Maine waters than in the extreme eastern portions of the coast. Fig. 1 - American lobster, Homarus americanus. Shortly after moulting, while the new shell is soft, the mature female is impregnated by a hard-shelled male. Following approximately a year, the eggs are extruded from the ovaries and fertilized by the sperm which has been retained in the seminal receptacle. The fertilized eggs are attached in an adhesive mass to the swimmerettes under the tail. The number of eggs produced varies geometrically with the size of the female; the range reported from meas~- urements at Boothbay Harbor (Taylor 1950) was from approximately 6,000 to 40,000 eggs for lobsters with a carapace from 33 to 5 inches. During the warm months of the following year the eggs complete incubation and hatch. 4- Research Director, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Me. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 716 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 1la The length of the larval period varies largely with sea water temperature from a mini- mum two weeks at 68°-70° F. to a theoretical maximum of approximately two months with low temperatures. Young lobsters become permanent bottom residents with the fifth larval stage. Living on the ocean bottom, amongand under the rocks and in burrows, and seeking shelter of rockweeds, kelps, and other marine algae, the lobster is a relatively sedentary animal, foraging at night but generally quiescent during daylight. THE FISHERY The record of 64 years of landings in table 1 shows the wide variation in production from 5 million to nearly 25 million pounds. Table 1 - Maine Lobster Landings, Selected Years 1880-1963 Millions ] Millions Year of Pounds of Pounds oeseee e-. . . . NNNLAANNKOUUNGaNY ee .-. . RPAOWONWNUOUNDAUE ADH AUugdnunsinanoc *-. RPORNEWNAADOHL ater oth » Oo u RS i to Oo z a g I+ > Standard Error | #11.45% ars 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla Unfortunately the tables do not include available supplies and landings during the first six months of the calendar year, nor do they account for variations in fishing effort associated with differences in seasonal price paid fishermen for their catch. The influence of supply on landed value and of landed value on fishing effort as indicated by subsequent landings is shown by table 10. Table 10 = July-August Lobster Landings and Prices in Relation to Landings of the Following Year April-May July -Aug. Temperature | Landings i i Landings Million Lbs. «(Million Lbs.}.... « 6 2 8 4 1 3 G1 U1 01 1 GH NI NI 00 00 00 e ONWROOUF OR We ORR RR RO Ww OO Noe Table 10a = Tables for the Prediction of Maine Lobster Landings and Relative Abundance Based on Demand Modified by Sea Water Temperature April-May | July-Aug. | July-Aug Temperature | Landings Price Million Lbs.| ¢/Lb. April-May Change from Predi Year Sea Water Preceding We ne Landings Temperature Year nein 13 8.3 32 20.5 8.2 21.5 44,3 1.4 8.1 22.0 44,5 1.5 1.5 7.8 22.0 46.6 1.7 1.7 Pail 22.5 44.8 1.4 1.5 6.5 22.5 45.8 1.6 1.4 6.0 22.5 48.0 1.7 1.8 5.8 22.5 45.0 1.4 1.5 5.6 48.6 1.5 1.6 5.3 48.5 1.5 1.5 5.1 50.0 1.4 1.6 at Sentai 77] 9 1/Basedon+5% fluctuation with each °F. change in temperature aoe Standard Error +5 Since supply in recent years has been inadequate to meet demand, biological and environ- mental factors have become increasingly critical. Demand has increased and will remain high for the forseeable future. Methods of precise prediction of future supplies will have to be based on sea water temperature with its influence on the rate of growth and recruitment and the level of fishing effort, rather than on price factors alone. With the current level of fishing intensity the effects of environmental changes on supply will become evident as devia- tions from predicted availability and relative abundance. Evidence of the past 13 years sug- gests that available abundance fluctuates approximately 5 percent with each degree of April- May temperature change. Application of this evidence to probably the most intensive lobster fishery in Maine, that of York County, for purposes of prediction, and an evaluation of the accuracy of the predic- tions is shown in table 11. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 EFFORT, TEMPERATURE, AND PRODUCTION The relationship among annual landings, sea water temperature, and fishing effort is best illustrated by table 12 in which various levels of production are shown with the effort and temperature which produced them. Table 12 - Relationship Among Annual Landings, Sea Water Temperature, and Fishing Effort April-May , pews | remem |. of Ta Million Lbs. - is A 46.6. 745 Table 13 « Fluctuations in April-May Sea Water Temperature and Corresponding Changes in Fishing Effort to Maintain Constant ik thee estan Comet Ee een: 1 NTP 1941-1963 ai ture: Liicet An See a Sree” Ne kN sed of With sea water temperature influencing seasonal supply and landed value influencing effort, fishermen have generally responded to changes in temperature by adjustments in ef~ fort. | Although this relationship is less precise than it is with some other factors, it does in- dicate a collective response, conscious or otherwise, of fishermen to temperature fluctua- tions. A summary of this relationship is shown in table 13. Since 1941 there have been 27 paired years in which landings have fluctuated 600,000 pounds or less, averaging no more than 3 percent. The relationship of declining effort to in= creases in temperature or relatively minor changes in temperature and of greatly increased effort to major declines in temperature is illustrated by table 13. SUSTAINED YIELD Examination of all the data and their relationships suggests that under existing legal and social conditions of the fishery, a sustained annual yield of 22 million pounds is possible by the proper application of this information. Sampling of fishermen for the lengthof the fishing year indicates an average of 130 days. With fishing effort ranging from 383,000 to 800,000 traps and having an average 6.5 percent increase per year since 1951, despite some declines in temperature, the data from table 13 have been used to construct the graph shown in figure 5 as well as to prepare table 14. Selected pairs of years in which average landings ranged from 21.5 to 22.5 million pounds have been used to find out what fishing effort (number of traps) has to be used at any given April-May sea water temperature level between 44.5° and 49.5° F. to produce 22 million pounds of lobster. The curve of figure 5 represents sustained yield at 22 million pounds. Deviations as they have occurred within the limits of 21.5 to 22.5 million pounds are indicated. In those years 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW fx ° a 5 o is} by Q 3 ES eT o a > Cj = y = 96.4 + (-.0158)x Average April Number of Traps in Thousands Fig. 5 = Sustained annual yield of 22 million pounds in Maine lobster fishery. Vol. 26, No.1la Table 14 - A Type of Management for Sustained Yield in the Maine Lobster Fishery Average April-May Sea Water Temperature Number of Fishing Units (Traps) Needed to Catch 22 Million Pounds Average Lobster Landings Million Lbs. 21.6 22.0 21.8 22.2 21.9 21.8 22.4 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.9 22.3 21.8 21.7 21.6 21.5 1951=53 1953=54 1951=55 1954-55 1949-57 1953-58 1951=60 1955-58 1954-62 1956-60 1958=59 1958-62 1959-61 1961-62 when average landings were greater or less than 22 million pounds, the number of traps has been adjusted up or down on a percentage basis. This application of research findings illustrates how biological and economic information might be used to bring about the ultimate objective of conservation--sustained annual yield of a resource at the best level possible. LITERATURE CITED DOW, ROBERT L. 1962. Use of Environmental and Economic Factors to Check Biological Fluctuations in Maine Lobster Population. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 24, no. 8 (Au- gust), pp. 6-8. (Sep. No. 654.) 1961. Some Factors Influencing Maine Lobster Landings. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 9 (Sep= tember), pp. 1-11. (Sep. No. 627.) and T. T. TROTT 1956. A Study of Major Factors of Maine Lobster Production Fluctuations. Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine, ms. TAYLOR, CLYDE C. 1951. A Method of Inferring the Annual Growth Increment of Lobsters from Length-Frequency Measurements. Fish. Cir. no. 3, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine, ms, reprinted, May. 1950. A Review of Lobster Rearing in Maine. Research Bul. no. 5, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine, ms. 1949, The Schoodic Lobster Planting Experiments (supp. 1). Fish, Cir. |no. 5, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine, ms. , and F, T, BAIRD 1947, The Schoodic Lobster Planting Experiments, Fish. Cir, no. 2, Dept. of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine, ms. Prolific fish—such as carp—often deposit as many as 150,000 eggs annually. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 TRAWLING RESULTS OF THE R/V ANTON BRUUN IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND ARABIAN SEA By A. T. Pruter* SUMMARY Trawling surveys in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea were conducted in 1963 from the National Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun as part of the United States contribution to the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Relatively small shrimp catches obtained may reflect a distribution of shrimp concentrations in shallower waters than were surveyed. Demersal fish in the Bay of Bengal generally were similar to those observed in the Arabian Sea. Stingray dominated the catches in all regions at depths less than 50 fathoms. Fig. 1 - United States National Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun at anchor off Phuket, Thailand, during Cruise 1 in the Bay of Bengal. Largest fish catches were taken off Muscat and Oman (Arabia), The precipitous and uneven ocean bottom at depths greater than about 100 fathoms in both the Bay of Bengal and the Ara-~ bian Sea, together with relatively few demersal fish at such depths, would seem to hinder if not preclude developing deep-water trawl fisheries. INTRODUCTION The International Indian Ocean Expedition (I.1.0.E.) is sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the cooperation of the Inter= * Fishery Biologist, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 717 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla national Council of Scientific Unions. It is an unprecedented, cooperative, international study of the seas, and represents the first attempt to study scientifically an entire ocean. More than 40 vessels and several hundred scientists from many nations are participating in the 3- year program. Information on the Indian Ocean will permit more accurate weather forecast- ing, charting sea currents, and more economical navigational routes, locating latent fisheries resources, and compiling new hydrographic charts. From March 12 to May 10, 1963, and from November 12 to December 10, 1963, trawling surveys of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, respectively, were conducted from the Na- tional Science Foundation research vessel Anton Bruun (fig. 1). Those surveys were part of the participation in the I.I.0.E. in which various governmental groups and educational and private institutions are participating. The scientific program from the 243-foot Anton Bruun (formerly the Presidential yacht Williamsburg) is directed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. During its 2-year as- signment in the Indian Ocean, the Anton Bruun has a permanent staff of oceanographers to provide continuity in the basic oceanographic program, Visiting scientists from the United States and other countries participate in individual cruises, Personnel from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries participate in most of the cruises from the Anton Bruun, and on 4 of the cruises involving fisheries surveys— they direct the fishing activities. Overall direction and coordination of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries participation in the Indian Ocean program is being provided by the Bureau's Biological Labo- ratory in Honolulu. Scientists and fishermen from the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base at Seattle and from the Biological Laboratory in Honolulu directed exploratory trawling activities on Cruises 1 and 4B. This report discusses the trawling results of those two cruises. Reports on hydrographic, ichthyological, and other activities during the cruises will be published elsewhere by the investigators concerned with such studies. Thirty-one exploratory hauls with a Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl were made on Cruise 1 in the Bay of Bengal. Hauls were made off the west coast of Thailand, near the Andaman Is- lands, off Burma, and off East Pakistan. The trawling phase of Cruise 1 ended 1 month earli- er than planned due to malfunction of the trawl winch. On Cruise 4B, 86 trawl hauls were made in the Arabian Sea off northwest India, off West Pakistan, in the Gulf of Oman, and off Muscat and Oman (Arabia). Commercial trawl fisheries for shrimp and fish in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea are restricted to relatively shallow waters of a maximum depth of about 40 fathoms and generally less than 20 fathoms. Exploratory trawling on Cruises 1 and 4B was primarily de- signed to provide information on fish and shrimp resources in regions and at depths not pres- ently exploited. On Cruise 1 in the Bay of Bengal the vessel track was chosen to accommodate both ocean- ography and exploratory fishing; onCruise 4B in the Arabian Sea, exploratory fishing only. GEAR AND METHODS Nylon Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawls (Schaefers and Johnson 1957) measuring 42 feet along the footrope and having a mesh size of 14 inches (stretched measurement, opening including: one knot) were used on both cruises. The trawl was connected by a 25-fathom-long bridle to a single towing warp. A rectangular otter board measuring 23 feet by 5 feet and weighing 160 pounds was attached to each wing of the net when trawling to depths of 200 fathoms. Below 200 fathoms heavier boards (260 pounds each) were used. The shrimp trawl was towed from an A-frame on the starboard side of the Anton Brunn. A hydraulic crane located aft of the A-frame lifted the net and doors outboard and inboard and lifted the cod end of the net aboard after each haul. A lazy line''--a nylon rope with a loop on one end passing through puckering rings on the forward portion of the cod end--was used to pull the net alongside the Anton Bruun and to lift the cod end aboard. 1/Cmises 2 and 5 are tuna surveys employing pelagic longline gear; Cruises 1 and 4B are bottom-trawling surveys. November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Echo-sounding tracings of the ocean bottom were obtained whenever the Anton Bruun was under way. They were supplemented by more detailed soundings prior to trawling and by samples of bottom sediments obtained with a small dredge or a spring-loaded bottom grab. The Anton Bruun is powered by two main engines supplemented by an active rudder. Us- ing the port engine the vessel moved at 6 to 8 knots during setting of the trawl. When approxi- mately 50 to 100 fathoms of cable remained to be let out on each haul, the vessel was slowed by reducing speed of the port engine as low as possible and running the active rudder in re- verse. This was done in an attempt to have the vessel proceeding at standard trawling speed when the trawl reached the ocean bottom. Either the port engine, the active rudder, or a com- bination of both was used to maintain trawling speed after the net reached the ocean bottom. Trawling speed ranged between 2 and 33 knots. The ratio between the amount of towing warp out and the depth to bottom was greater in shallow water than in deep water, ranging from 6 to 1 (6 fathoms of cable to 1 fathom of depth) in less than 20 fathoms to approximately 23 to 1 at 1,000 fathoms. To ensure that the trawl reached bottom, a practice was followed of using slightly higher ratios than were found satisfac - tory in exploratory trawling with identical gear in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (Pereyra 1963). Duration of the hauls varied between 30 and 60 minutes, counted as the time the net was on the bottom. Catches were emptied onto a sorting table and separated by family (genera or species when possible). Each group was examined (1) to determine the number of individuals present and their total weight, and (2) to estimate their range in length by measuring the to- tal lengths of the smallest and largest individuals present. Length frequencies were obtained from representative samples of some groups of fishes. For the larger shrimp catches, esti- mates of the number of whole (heads on) shrimp per pound were recorded. REGIONS SURVEYED - Locations of trawl stations in the Bay Bengal and in the Arabian Sea are shownin figures 2 and 3. The topography of the con- tinental shelf (depths to 100 fathoms) in all regions surveyed was generally suitable for trawling except off Muscat and Oman and in the Gulf of Oman where numerous coral out- croppings were encountered. Green mud was the dominant bottom sediment in both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The continental slope was precipitous and un- even in all regions surveyed. This pre- cluded much trawling at depths greater than about 100 fathoms. PAKISTAN _SEAST) For convenience in analyzing the dis- tribution and relative abundance of fish and shrimp encountered, the survey regions were divided into the following areas: An- daman Islands, Thailand, Burma, East Pak- istan, northwest India, West Pakistan, Gulf of Oman, and Muscat and Oman (Arabia). Areas were subdivided into the following depth intervals: 8-49 fathoms, 50-99 fath- oms, 100-199 fathoms, 200-299 fathoms, he Peet cits priate a yaoyirany ingen ee Location of trawl stations, cruise 1 of R/V Anton 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla - PAKISTAN __, (WEST) ARABIAN SEA Fig. 3 - Location of trawl stations, Cruise 4B of R/V Anton Bruun. RESULTS Thirty-one trawl hauls were made in the Bay of Bengal; 27 were successful and 4 re- sulted in extensive damage to the nets. In the Arabian Sea 86 trawl hauls were completed; 77 were successful and 9 resulted in extensive damage to nets. The highest incidence of gear damage occurred off Muscat and Oman where one-half of the hauls were unsuccessful and in the Gulf of Oman where the nets were extensively damaged in one-quarter of the hauls. Fishing effort and catch rates for fish and shrimp by areas and depth intervals in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are shown in tables 1 and 2. Because of the few trawl hauls and the probable low catching efficiency of the shrimp trawl, it is impossible to assess the com- mercial potential of fish and shrimp inhabiting the various areas. The surveys do provide, however, an indication of the relative abundance of fish and shrimp between areas. Greatest survey effort was expended in the depth range 8-49 fathoms, the shallowest zone surveyed. Within this depth range best coverage was attained off northwest India and off West Pakistan, where totals of 22 and 16 successful trawl hauls were completed (table 2). In the depth zone 50-99 fathoms, best survey coverage was attained off northwest India, off West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman where from six to seven successful trawl hauls were completed in each area (table 2). Maximum survey effort in the depth range 100-199 fathoms was expended in the Gulf of Oman (four successful hauls) and off northwest India and West Pakistan (two successful hauls November 1964 - Supplement in each region). one in the 1,000- to 1,099-fathom interval. Table 1 - Number of Successful Trawl Hauls, Fishing Effort, and Catch Rates by Areas and Depth Zones in the Bay of Bengal, om Interval: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Only one successful haul was madein the depth interval 200-299 fathoms and Both of the latter hauls were made off Burma. BAY OF BENGAL: Fish: 8- to 49-Fath- Highest catch rates of fishinthe Bay of Bengal occurred in the 8- to 49-fathom depth interval off Burma and off East Pakistan where 107 and 157 pounds of fish, respective- | ly, were caught per hour of trawling (table 1). ' In those regions and in this depth interval, | stingray (Dasyatidae) and guitarfish (Rhino- | batidae) dominated the catches. Other fish which comprised an important part of the , catches were drum (Sciaenidae), lizardfish (Synodontidae), and snapper (Lutjanidae), Some miscellaneous fish taken included sea catfish (Ariidae), threadfin (Polynemidae), and tonguefish (Cynoglossidae). R/V Anton Bruun, March-April 1963 Andam East ina | tad [Pom pan 8-49 fathoms Depth Interval, Fishing Effort, and Catch Rates Saas fathoms Pounds fish /hour trawled . Poulids shrimp/hour trawled 100-199 fathoms SAE 0 Pounds fish/hourtrawled . Pounds shrim p/hour trawled 50- to 99-Fathom Interval: The only haul inthis depth interval was made in the Andaman Islands area and was unproductive, yielding only 4 pounds of fish per hour of trawling (table 1). Included inthe catch were a number of small threadfin-bream (Nemipteridae), cardinal- fish (Apogonidae), lizardfish, goatfish (Mul- lidae), and mackerel (Scombridae). 100- to 199-Fathom Interval: The single haul in this depth interval was made off Burma and provided 68 pounds of fish per hour of trawling. Chlorophthalmid (Chlorophthalmidae) was the dominant group encountered, account- ing for over one-half the total fish catch by weight. Chlorophthalmid were followed in order of abundance by scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae) and butterfish (Stromateidae). Miscellaneous spe- cies taken included bembropsid (Bembropsidae), requiem shark (Carcharinidae), grenadier (Macruridae), bigeyes (Priacanthidae), and tripodfish (Triacanthidae). 200- to 299-Fathom Interval: Single hauls were made off Thailand and Burma in this depth interval. Off Burma, hatchetfish (pieraept yaad) were the dominant group encounter- ed, accounting for over 70 percent of the to- tal fish catch by weight. Hatchetfish were followed by requiem shark, grenadier, cut- lassfish (Trichiuridae), and chlorophthalmids. Off Thailand, skate (Rajidae), sea robbin (Peristediidae), and boafish (Stomiatidae) dominated the catches. 1,000- to 1,099-Fathom Interval:: The one successful trawl haul made in the 1,000- to 1,099-fathom interval off Burma yielded a catch rate of 2 pounds per hour of trawling. The catch consisted of one snipe eel (Nemich- thyidae), four boafish, several eel larvae, and a number of unidentified fish. The largest fish encountered in the Bay of Bengal were stingray and guitarfish which attained maximum estimated weights of 200 and 225 pounds, respectively. Fig. 4 - Shrimp-trawl catch in Bay of Bengal, Cruise 1 of R/V Anton Bruun. 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. 1la Shrimp: With the exception of the Andaman Islands area, shrimp were taken in all depth zones and in all areas surveyed in the Bay of Bengal. However, no large catches were ob- tained in any area. Off Burma, several individual hauls made at depths between 14 and 35 fathoms yielded from 10 to 20 pounds of shrimp per hour of trawling. Two 3-hour hauls off Burma in 165 and 200 fathoms of water yielded 28 and 17 pounds of shrimp, respectively. Most of the shrimp belonged to the family Penaeidae (genera Penaeus and Metapenaeus) and to the tribe Caridea. They generally were small, ranging from 200 to 300 heads-oncount per pound, although a few penaeid shrimp weighing over one-half pound each were caught. ARABIAN SEA: Fish: 8-to 49-Fathom Interval: Highest catch rates of fish in the Arabi- an Sea occurred off Muscat and Oman in the 8- to 49-fathom depth interval (table 2) where four trawlhauls weremade. Numerous coral outcroppings in that area re- sulted in extensive damage tothe trawl nets on 2 of the 4 hauls. Of the two successful hauls, one of 30 minutes made at 23 fathoms yielded an esti- mated 5,500 pounds of stingray plus 100 pounds of other fish; the other (45 minutes) made at 25 fathoms yielded 1,700 pounds of fish--primarily grunt (Pomadasyidae), stingray, and cardinal fish--and 1,840 pounds of swimming erab (Portunidae). Table 2 - Number of Successful Trawl Hauls, Fishing Effort and Catch Rates by Areas and Depth Zones in the Arabian Sea, R/V Anton Bruun, November-December 1963 Northwest | West Gulf of India ‘Pakistan | Oman Depth Interval, Fishing j Muscat & OniGn| | Effort, and Catch Rates (Arabia) - 8-49 fathoms WN |Number of hauls... . . 22 16 9 2 Hours trawled ...... 16.4 11.9 6.5 1.3 Pounds fish/hour trawled . 214 137 64 5, 840 Pounds shrim p/hour trawled 8 trace 1 trace 50-99 fathoms Number of hauls. . Hours trawled « « « ee e 7 7 6 5.5 6.1 4.1 132 246 118 1 1 1 Pounds fish/hour trawled , Catch rates inthe 8- to 49-fathom |Poundsstrimp/hourtrawled depth interval off northwest India, West 100-199 fathoms Pakistan, andinthe Gulf of Oman were 2 4 much lower than off Muscat and Oman, he rok ranging from 64 to 214 pounds of fish 6 8 per hour of trawling (table 2). Stingray again were dominant, accounting for from one-halfto one-third of the total fish catches by weight. Other important species in all areas were threadfin-bream and drum. Grunt were numerous off West Pakistan and off Muscat and Oman. The apparent distribution of Bom- bay duck (Harpadontidae), a commercially im- portant group in India, was interesting in that they were caught in substantial numbers in the. Arabian Sea only off northwest India in the Gulfs of Kutch and Cambay and only in rela- tively shallow water (8-20 fathoms). Number of hauls Hours trawled .....-. Pounds fish/hour trawled. Pounds shrimp/hour trawled 2) 2.0 22 trace 50- to 99-Fathom Interval: No trawling was conducted below 49 fathoms off Muscat and Oman. Catch rates in the depth interval 50-99 fathoms off West Pakistan and in the Gulf of Oman were higher than in the shallow- er interval surveyed in these regions. In con- trast, off northwest India the catch rate in this interval was less than that in the shallower 8- to 49-fathom interval. Within the 50- to 99- fathom interval, stingray comprised an impor- tant part of the catches only off West Pakistan. Threadfin-bream were as important in the catches in all areas surveyed as in shallower water. Although drum and grunt were taken, they occurred less often in most areas than in the shallower 8- to 49-fathom interval. Other fish accounting for much of the catches in this interval included jack (Carangidae), sea bass (Serranidae), and lizardfish. Off West Pakistan and in the Gulf of Oman, monocle-bream (Scolopsidae) were important in the catches; however, relatively few were caught in other areas. Fig. 5 = Catch of fish and swimming crabs taken in shrimp trawl off Muscat and Oman (Arabia), Cruise 4B of R/V Anton Bruun, . ———— il November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 100- to 199-Fathom Interval: Off northwest India, West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman, the catch rates declined markedly in this interval compared to those in shallower intervals (table 2), Drum and cardinalfish formed important parts of the catches in all areas. Stingray were not taken in this depth interval in any area. Off northwest India, Champsodontidae was the dominant family of fish encountered but they were virtually absent from catches off West Pakistan and in the Gulf of Oman. Threadfin-bream comprised an important part of the catch- es off northwest India. The largest fish captured in the Arabian Sea were stingray, which attained a maximum estimated weight of 450 pounds. One haul made off Muscat and Oman contained approximately 5,500 pounds of stingray estimated at 40 pounds each. Occasional large guitarfish (approxi- mately 400 pounds) were caught. Some other relatively large fish caught during the survey were false conger eel (Muraenesocidae) which ranged up to 14-pounds in weight apiece, drum of up to 22 pounds each, and threadfin of up to 15 pounds each. Many of the more abundant fish in the catches were relatively small. Grunt averaged about one-half pound and attained a Iaximum weight of approximately 4 pounds. Threadfin-bream averaged about one-tenth pound each. Lizardfish averaged only a few ounces, but occasional specimens ranged up to 13 pounds. Monocle-bream, cardinalfish, and flathead (Platycephalidae) all averaged only a few ounces in weight. Shrimp: Shrimp were taken in all depth zones and in all regions surveyed in the Arabian Sea. Catches in all regions and depth zones, however, were disappointingly small. Best catches were taken off northwest India in the 8- to 49-fathom depth interval, and in the Gulf of Oman and off West Pakistan in the 100- to 199-fathom depth interval (table 2). The largest single haul of shrimp taken in the Arabian Sea survey was 66 pounds, caught in a 45-minute haul off northwest India at a depth of 18 fathoms. The next largest single haul was 30 pounds taken in a 1-hour haul in the Gulf of Oman at a depth of 163-170 fathoms. A 40-minute haul off northwest India in the Gulf of Cambay in 15 fathoms produced 28 pounds of Caridean shrimp (Paleomon). Most of the shrimp belonged to the family Penaeidae (genera Penaeus, Metapenaeus, and Solenocerina) and to the tribe Caridea. As in the Bay of Bengal survey, the shrimp generally were small, although occasional hauls yielded fair numbers of 40 to 50 heads~on count per pound, } Many sea snake (Hydrophidae) were caught in the small-mesh shrimp trawls in both the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea. Because they are extremely poisonous, the snakes must be handled with care when removing them from the net or from the catches. Use of larger- mesh trawls should reduce the catch of snakes. DISCUSSION Catching ability of the Anton Bruun may have been impaired in shallow water due to mud being stirred up from the ocean bottom by the vessel's wake. This was noticeable in depths of about 12 fathoms and less and may have frightened some shallow-water animals away from the path of the trawl. At those depths, the catching efficiency of a smaller vessel with a shal= lower draft might have been higher than that of the Anton Bruun. Shrimp catches in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea were surprisingly small in view of the large commercial shrimp fisheries there. The commercial fisheries, however, occur in shallower waters than were explored from the Anton Bruun. Shrimp appeared about equally available throughout all depth intervals surveyed out to a depth of 299 fathoms. The larger penaeid shrimp, however, were caught in the shallower depth intervals. Largest fish catches were taken off Muscat and Oman where two successful trawl hauls in the depth interval 8-49 fathoms yielded a catch rate over 20 times as high as that obtained in any other region or depth interval. Although catches off Muscat and Oman primarily con~ sisted of stingray and swimming crab for which there is no market, one 45-minute haul yield- ed 980 pounds of grunt. It seems probable that further explorations there would locate large populations of other more desirable species. 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. lla Off northwest India, West Pakistan, and in the Gulf of Oman, demersal fish appeared as abundant in the 50- to 99-fathom interval as in the shallower 8- to 49-fathom interval. Trawl- ing effort in other areas was too inadequate in the 50- to 99-fathom interval to provide amean- ingful comparison. Relative abundance of fishes at depths greater than 99 fathoms declined markedly in all areas surveyed. Within the depth interval 8-49 fathoms in all areas surveyed, elasmobranchs, primarily stingray, dominated the catches. The relative importance of stingray in the catches decreased greatly in the 50- to 99-fathom interval and they were virtually absent in hauls made below 99 fathoms. Demersal fish in the Bay of Bengal generally appeared similar to those observed in the Arabian Sea. In both regions, stingray, guitarfish, threadfin-bream, drum, lizardfish, thread- fin, and cardinalfish were among the dominant groups encountered on the continental shelf. Grunt were important constituents of the fish fauna throughout most of the Arabian Sea; how= ever, in the Bay of Bengal they were caught only off Burma and only in small quantities. Throughout most of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, the precipitous and uneven ocean bottom at depths greater than 100 fathoms prevented trawling. This factor, together with an apparent reduction in abundance of demersal fishes, would seem to hinder if not preclude fu- ture development of major commercial trawl fisheries at depths greater than about 100 fath- oms. LITERATURE CITED PEREYRA, WALTER T. SCHAEFERS, EDWARD A, and HAROLD C. JOHNSON 1963. Scope Ratio-Depth Relationships for Beam Trawl, 1957. Shrimp Explorations off the Washington Coast, Fall Shrimp Trawl, and Otter Trawl. Commercial Fish= of 1955 and Spring 1956. Commercial Fisheries Re= eries Review, vol. 25, no. 12 (December). (Sep. view, vol. 19, no. 1 (January). (Sep. No. 465.) No. 696.) NEW WEATHER MACHINE DEVELOPED TO PREDICT WEATHER Some of the drudgery experienced daily by the weather forecasters, and perhaps some of the vilification, maybe reduced in the near future by the use of a machine, calledthe learning machine, which can be fed and taught to rec- ognize geometric patterns found in weather formations. The machine is called ADALINE (short for adaptive linear neuron) and learns its own mathematical procedures for processing meteorological data fed to it in training on weather patterns. Developed at Stanford University, the machine is nowtrained on some 200 weather patterns taken from weather records over the past five years and has been amazingly accurate in its pre- dictions. (Sea Secrets, April 1964.) November 1964 - Supplement COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 UNITED STATES PACIFIC COAST COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Since earliest times, the sea and its great resources have profoundly in- fluenced the patternof life of the Pacific Coast. In Alaska, fisheries have long been the chief industry. More than a billion pounds of fish and shellfish are landed each year in United States Pacific coast ports. Even in prehistoric times, the fisheries resources were important to the inhabitants of the region. Primitive tribes depended almost entirely on fish and Shellfishfor their food. During the salmon runs they dried and smoked great quantities of salmon for winter use; they knew, too, where the clams, crabs, and abalone were to be found along the seacoast and in the estuaries. Clam and abalone shells, treasured for ornamental and for kitchen use, entered the com- merce between coastal and inland tribes. When the white settlers came, the world began to hear of the wonders of the region, not the least of which were its fishery resources. The fisheries boomed inthe mid-1800's as reports of the fur seals, whales, salmon, and other species to be taken in North Pacific waters drew men from distant lands. The fishermen of Italy, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Greece, England, Portugal, China, and Japan brought with them their fishing skills, based on centuries of experi- ence. The Pacific Coast fisheries truly became a great melting pot ofnations, and many of the philosophies and attitudes of those hardy men of the sea have come down to later generations. The tradition of fishing is still as strong among the West Coast fishermen as inthose early days. Only the methods have changed. The rowboat and sail- boat largely have given way to the Diesel-powered trawler, gill-netter, troller, and purse-Seiner; the paranzella net has developed into the trawl. In recent years Pacific Coast fishermen have accounted for about a fifth of the approxi- mately 5 billion pounds of fish, shellfish, and other products of the sea taken by United States fishermen. Some 30,000 strong, they ply their trade in ava- riety of boats, ranging from large tuna clippers and purse-seiners to tiny fishing craft. In their quest for fish, West Coast fishermen range from the Bering Sea to Peru. Their landings place the Pacific Coast States--Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California--first in value of landings and second only to the Gulf States in volume. For many years, San Pedro, Calif., has led all other United States ports both in quantity and value of the landings. The Pacific Coast fishery resources include the valuable fur seal of Alaska and the far-ranging whales; the widely distributed shellfishes; and the abundant fishes of the sea andrivers. Four general groups of fish support the commer- cial fisheries of the Pacific Coast: anadromous fish that return from the sea to spawn in fresh water; pelagic fish that live in the upper waters of the open sea; groundfish that live along the Continental Shelf and Slope, spending most of their lives on or nearthe seabottom; and a miscellaneous group caught pri- marily for the fresh-fish market. --Conservation Note 15, "Commercial Fisheries of the Pacific Coast," Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, 20240. eben cea mntit e n no 4 Hel man. , writ ey Adi era EE ous 4, ets AS § j ; eres aX = PURe Va Sai 4 1 Aas Be ayate Aenea ty AS ales Ok Shee koa Ker rata eRe > oo See vB ost ' REOCATISLE Fate eo peat sap % WONG Ke novela we Pte a; eved sbodeapt 27 pry teen eel! oF vw ae Dy apie Poder bantatay Hoi Be them ibe sire Jo oe / ters sot belesonse eywel Pest tquleey jiu s ieaels nn -Awie wee id peeeeeiad \orebananiner as mee kee tl es j 4. fo age ie win By rota vases : BAD fait ead aeaup. hood a UE 4 % : gare er Fh peels weed sus STG OGG Gf Mikes SRG S oon aig Faye ~~. ed apm t a ee ee ee ss parties “ats GF a8, 8 i asta ee Nt pihe= enact seuvnond oul Ye River aly ve fake us . anata kr snore t ¥ } pang Wai 7 1 ny ae yoy s} » ; ‘ 4 ” . : ‘ | rh Cd Tea f ‘) ' a a Val? PRAT HY ' PL iy A> \* UN hh ¢ os Ae "Dh die Sy AY) yay 1 “el Wet eh ened ae a ete ant 0 ys Pu he Mh es Ohad "%y oh a eh lace Sli ibe 5) it Cf UT y Tt mals Wy iu n ey Ned ir ptt keh ip A i ven (ne, NN: ey OCS bak ny VAN 1 SENG Rae 7 tae ) saheeyd ‘cal een WB ' f ‘ f ia in : Sake AY eae Coe ie Sn) Oo et A> B Leggy To Copa S ol @ Ci Y g GOOD EATING. (4 al yp ap Boston for Beans and - LYONNAISE HADDOCK When in Seattle :: CRISPY BROILED SALMON 2 unds salmon steaks or 1 teaspoon salt - rtten fish steaks, fresh 1 clove garlic, crushed 2 pounds haddock fillets 1 teaspoon salt or frozen Dash paprika or other fish fillers, Yg teaspoon pepper i 14 cup butter or margarine, 1 cup crushed potato chips - fresh or frozen r 2 tablespoons chopped | melted \4 cup crushed saltines aI iA cups thinly sliced onion parsley ; 4 cup lemon juice Lemon wedges : #. ore lair 1 Siteoss crushed 3 Thaw frozen steaks. Cut into serving-size portions and place in i H 2 tablespoons lemon juice aieed ‘ a shallow baking dish. Combine butter, lemon juice, salt, garlic, h F Y ’ and paprika. Pour sauce over fish and let stand for 30 minutes, e Thaw frozen fillets. Skin fillets and cut into serving-size portions. turning once. Combine crushed chips and saltines. Remove fish, A 4 Cook onion in butter until lightly browned. Place %4 of onion on reserving sauce for basting. Roll fish in crumb mixture, Place ee bottom of a well-greased baking dish, 12x 8x2 inches. Arrange fish on a well-greased broiler pan. Drizzle sauce over fish. Broil 5 fish over onion. Sprinkle with lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Add about 5 inches from source of heat for 4 to 6 minutes or until parsley and dill weed to remaining onion; spread over fish. Bake brown, Turn carefully and broil’ 4 to 6 minutes longer or until : in a moderate oven, 350° F., for 30 to 40 minutes or until fish brown and fish flakes easily when tested with a fork. Serve with flakes easily when tested with a fork. Serves 6. oO Appetites Ahoy! Wherever You Go in the U.S.A. There are Seafoods to Delight Any Gourmet. Its Mighty Good im Mobile OYSTER SANDWICH LOAVES 2 cans (12 ounces each) 1% cups flour shucked oysters, 2 eggs, beaten fresh or frozen 2 tablespoons milk 6 rectangular Italian rolls 1 teaspoon salt Y% cup soft butter or Dash pepper margarine Cocktail Sauce 114 cups dry bread crumbs Thaw frozen oysters, Drain oysters. Slice off top of each roll. Scoop out the inside to form a basket, leaving about 44 inch of crust all around. Spread inside and tops with butter. Place on a cooky sheet, 15x12 inches. Toast under broiler, about 5 inches from source of heat, for 2 to 3 minutes or until golden brown. Combine crumbs and flour. Combine egg, milk, and seasonings. Roll oysters in crumb mixture, dip in egg mixture, and roll in crumb mixture. Fry in hot fat at moderate heat until brown on one side. Turn carefully and brown the other side. Cooking time approximately 5 to 7 minutes. Drain on absorbent paper. Place oysters in toasted rolls. Cover with tops of rolls. leat in a hot oven, 400° F., for 5 minutes. Serve with Cocktail Sauce. Serves 6. A Simile a Mile ~~~ ~~~ With Seafoods f UMMIMIITTISTL ASS ELL Le Ten wire From Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin: "A Seafood Tour of the U.S. A.," U. S. 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