i! ~—e oe Con ae September 195] Washington 25,D.C. Vol.13, No.9 _ EXPANSION OF GULF OF MEXICO SHRIMP FISHERY, 945-50 By Stewart Springer* INTRODUCTION ‘ The shrimp fishery in the Gulf of Mexico has been subject to many changes dur- ing the past sixty years, with the quantity of shrimp landed at Gulf fishing ports increasing gradually, although at an uneven rate, until 1945. In that year, the shrimp landed at Gulf fishing : ¢ ports reached a peak of ap- p proximately 145,000,000 povnds / (Anderson and Power 1945). oe : ee we : One kind of shrimp, the white oR ' ies fae. shrimp or green-tailed shrimp o ‘ } ? (Penaeus setiferus) , was by far the most important part of the catch, and in 1945 accounted for at least 95 percent (Ander- son, Lindner, and King 1950) of the total production. For the entire Gulf of Mexico and for each of the ma- bi a jor producing areas in the ; ’ “= South Atlantic States, white FIGURE 1 - ICING OFFSHORE SHRIMP TRAWLERS AT PASCAGOULA. shrimp production reached its peak in 1945. In comparison with later years, it is important to note that except for some production of dried shrimp on the central Louisiana coast, some bait shrimp, and some incidental catches, landings consisted mainly of white shrimp. Comprehensive Gulf area production statistics for 1946 through 1950 are not available, and, with the exception of 1948 when a statistical fishery survey of the Gulf States was made, production can only be estimated from incomplete surveys or from production reports of selected principal areas. It is apparent, however, that following 1945, the production of shrimp received a severe setback, and landings of white shrimp have not since returned to the high level of 1945. GROOVED SHRIMP RESOURCES FXPLOITED In the summer of 1947, the first large catches of brown-grooved shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) were reported from the Texas coast. At that time, there was considerable difficulty in marketing the brown shrimp, but landings continued and increasing numbers of brown shrimp were sold during the following years. The strong demand for shrimp along with increasing production through 1945 en- couraged the expansion of the fishing fleet, After World War Il, a fishery for white shrimp was developed off Carmen, Mexico, and a number of the larger Texas and Louisiana shrimp boats worked in that area. There has been some continued partici- ation by United States boats operating in the deeper waters outside the Mexican FISHERY ENGINEER, EXPLORATORY FISHING AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT SECTION, BRANCH OF COMMERCIAL F1SH- ERIES, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, PASCAGOULA, MISS. Vol. 13, No. 9 oW COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REV ose! 189M hoy JiVL NO Lods “py Gy3H G3A00ND “€ bYa1a34 LYOHS z NYOH_1YOHS * (dW 1HS GaAGene =O3110dS YO -xNid) Wnwvuona SNaWNad “dWIYHS G3AOONS YOS SGNNOYS MAN - 2 JYNDI4 Ape t S pred SSsiTD 509008 n404JONP SnaDUad : 1$61-OS61 eaeduio SngejzD Snaoued: 10dS ON * Srél Qv3H Q3A00uND * NXOH LYOHS ~ $437334 1YOHS * ,Ol vey: (dWIHHS G3A0089-NMOHS ) SNd3Lzy SNavNad SNIA{IZD SnadUad : 6V6l- 8v6l 4sD09 spxeL SNIA{ZO SHIDUIE rae swoHivs O01 IS6I - Oc6I ‘, Dyed IddississiW ( VNVISINOT ¢ September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW te) territorial limits in the offshore white-shrimp fishery range in the Gulf of Cam- peche, but aside from this, no important new white-shrimp grounds have been found in the Gulf since 1938 when Louisiana fishermen began working the Ship Shoal and Trinity Shoal areas. Along with the increase in travel by some of the larger boats to and from distant fishing grounds, there was a considerable amount of exploration by fishermen. This led to the discovery of the important Key West-Dry Tortugas grounds in late 1949 and early 1950, and was followed by the opening of the fabu- lous Campeche beds. Both these areas now produce substantial quantities of the pink- or spotted-grooved shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), a kind of shrimp not present in any appreciable quantity in the catches prior to 1950. Fishing in the Key West and Campeche areas for spotted-grooved shrimp is car- ried on for the most part in depths of less than 25 fathoms. At least until after the middle of 1950, few if any commercial shrimp vessels were equipped to work in deeper waters. Ixplorations for new shrimp grounds in deeper waters, or in areas or under conditions requiring use of special equipment or fishing gear, could there- fore not be expected of commercial vessels. The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Com- mission at its meeting in July 1950 at Mobile, Alabama, recommended that offshore explorations for shrimp be undertaken by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and gince that time explorations have been carried on in many parts of the Gulf (a comprehensive report on this work will be issued later). In the fall of 1950, the Service's exploratory fishing vessel Oregon (operated by the Branch of Commercial Fisheries) found concentrations of brown-grooved shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)on both sides of the mouth of the Mississippi River in depths of from 30 to 50 fathoms. These grounds were worked at first by only a few commercial boats after news of these new grounds was issued by the Service; but deeper-water trawling steadily increased and early in May 1951, a total of 28 commercial shrimp trawlers were observed at one time working in depths of approximately 43 fathoms FIGURE 3 - THE SERVICE'S EXPLORATORY FISHING VESSEL OREGON OPERATING IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 4 COMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 FIGURE 4 - THE TAIL OF A 100-FOOT SHRIMP TRAWL ON THE DECK OF THE OREGON WITH A MIXED CATCH OF SHRIMP AND FISH. 3 near the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River. More extensive utilization of these grounds may be expected in the fall of 1951. The contribution to total pro- duction by the utilization of the offshore grounds in the north Gulf of Mexico is difficult to estimate since the grounds are adjacent to areas formerly exploited and still important in the shrimp production picture. Landings are still generally reported without distinction as to kind of shrimp, and conditions are changing so fast that estimates are not likely to be consistently accurate. In 1946, with a decline in the apparent availability of shrimp, the fishing industry in the Gulf had to cope with the problem of utilizing expanding production facilities. Total produetion declined in spite of high fishing intensity, and the catch dropped to approximately 120,000,000 pounds in 1948, This condition was met by consumer-educational campaigns to reduce buyer resistance for the unfamiliar grooved shrimp and by explorations for new grounds, followed by development of these grounds into important shrimp-producing areas. The net result has been an increase in the Gulf's shrimp production for 1950 over the preceding peak production year, 1945. The Fish and Wildlife Service estimated the total United States 1950 catch in the Gulf at about 160,000,000 pounds, an 11 percent increase over 1945 production, and an increase of 33 percent over the 1948 catch. No statistical breakdown of 1950 shrimp landings by type or species is available but estimates made by the Service's Market News Service office at New Orleans are as follows: % grooved (both % white shrimp in | species) shrimp total 1950 catch in 1950 catch MEE Ganooocand65a0000000 20 = 295 75 - 80 ILGWASUEINE |S 50q5G0KGocG000 80 - 85 15 - 20 MSSUSSTpyl oonoossoqnccce 5o — 40 60 -— 65 ADAM Ae lelelelatelaleleicleleretsletetate 20 = 25 75 - 80 Florida Gulf Coast, in- cluding Key West wcecccce 5 - 10 90 - 95 | = ee September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIAS REVIEW 5 It should be emphasized that these estimates are made on the basis of a small amount of sampling and are given here only to show the trend in the fishery. The trend is important, however, since the estimates show that from 40 to 50 percent of present production is grooved shrimp as against less than 5 percent in 1945. OUTLOOK AND DISCOVERY OF RED SHRIMP There appears to be no basis for an estimate of the future productivity of present fishing grounds. It can be pointed out, however, that there are still areas in the Gulf having stocks of shrimp not being utilized for one reason or another. One such area lies off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas between the 91st and 95th meridians in depths of from 26 to 50 fathoms. Sample drags by the Oregon in the fall and winter of 1950 have produced large brown shrimp (Penaeusaztecus) regularly. FIGURE 5 - EXPLORATORY FISHING OVER UNKNOWN BOTTOM 1S HARD ON GEAR. THIS NET HAS JUST BEEN REPAIRED AT SEA AND |S BEING READIED FOR USE. NEW WEB THAT HAS BEEN PUT IN !S WHITE AND UNTREATED. ONE OF THE LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES IN THE EXPLORATIONS OF THE OREGON |S TO CHART BOTTOM THAT 1S TRAWLABLE. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERT&S RaVIEW Vol. 135, No. 9 No thorough exploration of the area has yet been undertaken, and no unusually heavy concentrations havs been encountered in the few sample drags made. These grounds are a considerable distance from United States Gulf ports, and unfavorable weather conditions in winter plus the lack of fixed points for dead-reckoning navigation will undoubtedly delay utilization of shrimp from this area. Off the west coast of Florida, north of Ft. Myers, there is a vast expanse of bottom in the 10- to 50-fathom depth range. For the most part, this area is not explored but is characterized by rough bottom unsuited to trawling with conventional gear. Both types of grooved shrimp occur in some parts of the region, but whether these can be taken from the rough bottom in exploitable or commercial quantity re- mains to be determined. Tests of modified and new-type trawls designed for rough bottom are being carried out as part of the shrimp explorations by the Service. The Oregon, in exploratory drags made in deeper water, has found one other kind of shrimp in sufficient quantity to be of commercial interest. This is the red shrimp (Hymenopeneus robustus). The largest numbers have been taken in 190 to 240 fathoms on mud bottom off the Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana coasts and off Aransas Pass, Texas. These shrimp are brick red as they come from the water. The heads are proportionately larger than the heads of the white shrimp, but the over-all size is about the same as the common white shrimp. These red shrimp have an excellent flavor, and when the heads are removed, have an especially attractive appearance. Red shrimp have been taken by the Oregon in every exploratory drag made in depths from 190 to 240 fathoms on mud bottom. Most of the drags in these depths have been made with a 40-foot flat trawl put out on a 20-fathom bridle from a single trawling cable. However, several drags were made with a conventional 100-foot flat trawl with cables to each door. Both rigs worked well on cable lengths 3s times the depth. The time taken to bring the net from 200 fathoms to the deck has aver-= aged about 28 minutes, and it is quite probable that the time required for the net to be set and reach bottom in 200 fathoms is slightly more than 28 minutes. Since the drop-off to deeper water is rather’ sharp in most 200-fathom depths in the north Gulf, it is necessary to use an echo depth sounder while setting and working the trawl. Investigations of the extent of the stocks of red shrimp are being contin- ued by the Oregon. Other kinds of shrimp, most of them red or brightly colored, have been taken in deep drags, but thus far none except the red shrimp (Hymenopeneus robustus) have been found in sufficient quantity to be of commercial interest. LITERATURE CITED ANDERSON, A. W. AND POWER, E. A. 1949, FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE U. S., 1945. STATISTICAL DIGEST NO. 18. ANDERSON, W. W., LINDNER, M. J., AND KING, J. F. 1950. THE SHRIMP FISHERY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. FISHERY LEAFLET 368 (MARCH 1950). September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISH@RIES REVIEW im "RESEARCH ay IN SERVICE LABORATORIES LM ppp so August 1951 REFRIGERATION: Freezing Pink Salmon: Laboratory work on this project was completed during the month. Freezing and storage studies indicated that the cold- storage life of frozen Alaska pink. salmon fillets may be extended up to 10 months or more by use of improved packaging methods, lower storage temperatures, and anti- oxidant dips. The conclusions drawn from these studies were: (1) UNTREATED |CE=GLAZED PINK SALMON FILLETS STORED AT -20°9 F. HAD A STORAGE LIFE OF 11 MONTHS OR LONGER. (2) PINK SALMON FILLETS TREATED WITH 2- PERCENT ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C) HAD A STORAGE LIFE OF 8 MONTHS OR LONGER AT O° F. USE OF 0.2 PERCENT CITRIC ACID IN ADDITION TO THE 2-PERCENT ASCORBIC ACID DID NOT IMPROVE THE KEEPING QUALITY OF THE FILLETS. (3) FILLETS TREATED WITH 2-PERCENT ASCORBIC ACID AND STORED AT -10°9 F. HAD A STORAGE LIFE OF APPROXIMATELY 10 MONTHS. Detailed reports on these freezing and storing studies of Alaska pink salmon fillets will be issued as they are campleted. These will include information on (1) quality changes in pink salmon during frozen storage, (2) application of anti- oxidant treatments, (3) effect of various packaging methods, and (4) effect of storage temperature. MA 3G Me OW BYPRODUCTS: Vitamin Content and Nutritive Value of Fishery Byproducts : The Siauiocs (especially vitamin B)9 and riboflavin) in various types of fish meals and to determine the possible presence of unknown vitamins and other growth factors which may be present. Analyses for niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin B)> were begun on a series of about 25 samples (sardine and mackerel products at various stages of manufacture) collected at one reduction plant. These samples include raw fish, cooked fish, press cake, foots from the press, stickwater, and dried meal. Work has also begun on concentration of possible unknown growth factors from fishery pro- ducts. TECHNICAL NOTE NO.II-- ALASKA SALMON CANNERY WASTE BEING USED AT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HATCHERIES As a result of experiments carried out during the past few years at the Seattle Fishery Technological Laboratory of the Service's Branch of Commercial Fisheries, trimmings (formerly dumped at sea) from salmon canneries in Petersburg, Alaska, are now being shipped to Federal fish hatcheries in the State of Washington where they are used as a rich source of protein and vitamins in the diet of hatch— ery fish. The first shipment of 60,000 pounds of such material has already been received at the Federal fish hatehery at Leavenworth, Washington, and an additional 50,000 pounds will be delivered shortly. g COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 In making possible this utilization of hitherto wasted material, several prob- lems had to be overcame, Experiments at the Seattle Fishery Technological Labora- tory developed a chemical preservative treatment whereby fish eggs can be preserved without refrigeration for limited periods, thereby permitting their collection at localities not possessing refrigeration facilities. As a cammercial-scale test, a portion of the material being collected this summer is chemically preserved in this way and the remainder shipped frozen. Another problem that had to be overcame was that of the development of a suit— able shipping container. Use of tin containers was the only method permitted by commercial steamship campany vessels and the high cost of shipping the empty tins to Alaska made such a packaging method prohibitive. A method of bagging the waste prior to freezing was developed, using an inner plastic bag and an outer burlapbag, the latter being somewhat smaller than the former and bearing the strain during freezing and handling. Finally a practical method of collection of the desired trimmings at the can- nery had to be worked out. A wooden chute was built under the iron chinks so that the soft visceral portions of the waste were collectedand the bony collar portions, fins, and heads were discarded. The desired portions are being flumed to a drain- ing table where they are drained and sacked. Even though the bags are very roughly handled in transit, 950 bags have been delivered to the Leavenworth Hatchery in excellent condition and without the loss of a single bag. Careful cost records of this collection of Alaska salmon waste are being kept. Preliminary indications are that this material may be delivered to ports on Puget Sound at a cost of about 5 cents per pound. In addition to use as a feed for hatchery fish, this material may find large markets as a feed for fur—bearing animals . "LITTLE TUNA’ OF THE ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS In the fall of 1946, and again in 1947, an enterprising packer on the Eastern Shore of Maryland canned a few thousand cases of "little tuna." The 1947 pack was approximately double that of 1946. Labeled "Light Meat Tuna," it was distributed through brokers on the New York food market. A third pack was put up in 1948. The Fish and Wildlife Service canned a small experimental pack of little tuna at College Park, Maryland. The results were encouraging and some useful information was obtained. Further research into canning of this species is now in progress. --Fishery Leaflet 353 September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 ee | RENDS Se REBT VELOC PMENTS & Additions to the Fleet of U. S. Fishing Vessels A total of 98 vessels of 5 net tons and over received their first documents as fishing craft during June 1951—7 more than in June 1950. Washington led with 32 vessels, followed by California with 13 vessels, and the west coast of Florida with 7 vessels. A total of 462 vessels were documented for the first time as fishing vessels, during the first six months of 1951, compared with 442 vessels for the same period during 1950. Vessels Obtaining Their First Documents as Fishing Craft, June 1951 Six mos. ending with ——s Section 1951 _| 1950 1951 1950 1950 South Atlantic wcecccececcece ooh @eooe@eoeeseeoSeeG@eeeee02820 reat Lakes @veeecsreseeevcce ALASKA coerccerercrcrerercce Fawali .eccvccrerccvescrocece TOCAL eeccsecveccccscce een eo 442 NOTE: VESSELS HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED TO THE VARIOUS SECTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR HOME PORT. Alaska Abalone Explorations Explorations for abalone in southeastern Alaska will be conducted by a char- tered vessel under the direction of the Service's Branch of Commercial Fisheries. Beginning on September 15, the abalone survey was to cover as much of the Gulf of isquibel and Sea Otter Sound areas as facilities and time would allow. Explo-— rations will be continued during October in adjacent waters. If it is possible to complete the work in these areas amd if the weather and other factors permit, some exploration may be possible in the areas near Trocadero Bay and Cordova Bay. An experienced abalone diver has been employed and his boat Lady Bess has been chartered. Most of the work will be concentrated in the range from the beach to 60-foot depths. Possibly some deep dives up to 100 feet will be made if conditions permit. There have been some indications that abalone may be abundant in certain areas in southeastern Alaska, and considerable interest has been shown in a survey of this species of shellfish. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 9 A chemist from the Service's Fishery Products Laboratory at Ketchikan, oper- ated by the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Fisheries Experimental Commis-— sion, has joined this exploratory expedition to assist in the collection of data and samples. Methods of handling, preserving, and freezing the abalone will be studied aboard the boat and at the Ketchikan Fishery Products Laboratory and at the Service's Seattle Fishery Technological Laboratory. It is hoped that these explorations will indicate whether or not a commercial off-season fishery for abalone is feasible in Alaska. 32. Alaskan Fishery Products Diverted at Prince Rupert, B. C., for Consumption in Canada Each year sizable quantities of fish products are shipped fram Alaska to the United States through the Canadian port of Prince Rupert, B. C. Upon arrival at Prince Rupert, some of this fish is temporarily warehoused there pending resumption of transportation by rail to the United States. At times some of these fishery products are sold in Prince Rupert for consumption in Canada. Such diversions of fish to Canada have not previously been reflected in the statistics on UnitedStates exports to Canada. Since fish is apparently being diverted to Canada on a more or less continuing basis, provisions have been made by the Bureau of the Census whereby such fish shipped from Alaska to the United States, but subsequently diverted for Canadian consumption, will be reflected in the current statistics on United States exports to Canada. The figures for such fish diverted for Canadian consumption dur- ing the years 1947 to 1950 inclusive are as follows: Schedule B Commodity Commodity Number Description Quantit Fresh or frozen: ibs. (007000 Salmon 17,070 (007109 Sable 13,400 007000 Salmon 564, 740 1949 (007109 Halibut 4,450 (007109 Sable 10,050 ee OOO008 Erean Gainer VSalmontiy Ger a0 able B0; 845i meee SOO 72000 roe oat Sona Salmon eee errs |i eee AOA aoe The issues of Foreign Commerce and Navigation for the years listed will in-— clude these exports, but revisions to include then in statistics for previous years are not being made at this time. Federal Purchases of Fishery Products FRESH ae FROZEN FISH SUES BY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, JULY 1951: Pur- feeding of ie U. S. Army, Navy, Manes Corps, and Air Forces were made during July 1951 by the Army Quartermaster Corps (see table). These purchases declined 12.9 percent in quantity and 8.5 percent in value as compared with the previous month. The quantity and value of the July 1951 purchases were substantially above those of the corresponding month of 1950—101.8 percent and 124.6 percent, re- spectively. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 A comparison of the purchases for the first seven months of 1950 and 1951 shows that in the latter year there was an increase 124.6 percent in quantity and 124.3 percent in value. Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Department of the Army July dnd the First Seven Months, 1951 and 1950) UA ENGELS Seer Ay: VALUE [Sa a OR 1951 1950 1951 1950 1951 [1950 Ebr 1950 oe 2,675,251] 1,326, 003| 17,273, 920| 7,692, 427 1 185, "523 5297, ‘611 7 18: 41 Ke} 219 055 Freezing-Fish-At Sea Technological Studies REFRIGERATION MACHINERY TESTED BY "DELAWARE" (Cruise No. 3): The trawler Delaware returned to its base at Hast Boston, Mass., on September 5 from the second joint cruise by the Branch of Commercial Fisheries and the Branch of Fishery Bi- ology. Leaks. that developed in the brine-cooler unit of the refrigeration machinery room aboard the vessel were located during the cruise and repairs made. Fish caught in the census trawls are being used on shore on experiments for the freez- ing-fish-at-sea project. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program EXPERIMENTAL SHRIMP TRAWLS TESTED BY "OREGON" (Cruise No. 10): Tests on ex- perimental shrimp trawls were made off the Mississippi coast % by the Oregon, the Service's Branch of Commercial Fisheries vessel conducting fishery exploratory work in the Gulf. These tests were conducted from August 7 to August 10. The Oregon left Pascagoula August 14 for the Gulf of Campeche, passed south of the path of the hurricane of August 19-21, and returned to Pascagoula on August 30. The chief objective of the trip was to explore the offshore waters along the west coast of the Yucatan Peninsula outside of the areas now being worked by the shrimp fleet and to continue testing experimental gear in areas with poor trawling bottom. A total of 37 shrimp trawl drags, 35 bathythermograph stations, and 1 hand- line fishing station were made. All three commercial species of shrimp were found in different areas. Pure catches of brown-grooved shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) were made off Carmen in 22 to 30 fathoms. On the other hand, the grounds off Campeche yielded about 98 percent pink-grooved shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) , and 2 percent white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus). Trawling with conventional gear produced large quantities of trash, principally shell, throughout the area of the present fishery. Experimental trawl drags elimi- nated the major part of the trash catch in a series of 27 comparison stations. 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13 No. 9 Snapper exploration was limited due to lack of time. At the few rocks and lumps visited, results were poor. A single bluefin tuna weighing about 12 pounds was taken on a feather jig at latitude 25°50! N. longitude 90°08! W. on August 15. In this vicinity, six troll- ing rigs were lost but there was little surface evidence of tuna. On August 29 3 tuna were sighted early in the morning at about latitude 26°12! N. longitude 89°34! W. and schools were under observation throughout the day's run to about latitude 28°00! N. longitude 89°05! W. The fish appeared to be mostly the 30- to 70-pound size range and probably not all of one species, Most of the fish were wild but some jumped within a few feet of the vessel. None were taken with trolling gear. BH KH % "OREGON" TO TEST SHRIMP TRAWLING GEAR: The first few days of Cruise No. 10 of the Service's exploratory fishery vessel Oregon will be spent in waters off Pascagoula testing shrimp fishing gear. The vessel left Pasagoula on August 7 and was expected to return August 31. During this time the Oregon will remain near the chartered vessels Helen Cooper and Harbor Light to observe and assist in trials of mid-water trawls,. The Oregon will then proceed to the Campeche area to explore bottoms in areas not presently being fished by the shrimp fleets, In addition, as time permits, observations will be made on deep-water snapper fishing with electric reels. Middle and South Atlantic Tuna Explorations LITTLE TUNA EXPLORATIONS BEGUN BY "ATLANTIC EXPLORER" (Cruise No. 1): Ex- plorations for little tuna (Euthynnus alletteratus)are being conducted along the Atlantic Coast under a cooperative arrangement between the U. S. Fish and Wild- life Service, the Blue Channel Corporation, and the Woodcrest Fisheries, the latter two both of Beaufort, South Carolina. The M/V Atlantic Explorer, the vessel being used for these explorations, is a 104-ft. boat which has been converted to operate a Pacific Coast—type purse seine. The purpose of the explorations is to determine if little tuna can be taken in commercial quantities with a modified version of the Pacific Coast tuna purse seine, The seine is 300 fathoms long by hung measure and 44 strips, or approxi- mately 22 fathoms in depth. The hanging proportions of the seine are according to conventional Pacific Coast standards,but because of the shallow water in which the little tuna are expected to occur, the net is lightly leaded. A 1,500-pound purse weight will be used to keep the breast lines close together while pursing and to cause the lead line to tend bottom while pursing. The initial shakedown cruise of the Atlantic Explorer started August 22 and was terminated on September 7. The exploratory effort was devoted to the area be=- tween Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, and Cape Canaveral, Florida, but the work was interrupted to a considerable degree by mechanical difficulties. The great abundance of surface schools observed during late July and early August were not in evidence. Only one set was made, which yielded only about 500 September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3} pounds, Because of the inexperience of the crew and the difficulty in getting the seine started overboard, the main school was missed and the fish caught were pre- sumed to be stragglers. Schools of little tuna were seen on several other occas— ions, but they disappeared before the vessel could be maneuvered to a setting po— sition. Previous to the start of work by the Atlantic Explorer, explorations were con- ducted with trolling gear from Fort Pierce, Florida, to Cape Hatteras, North Caro-— lina. This work during June, July, and August revealed little tuna to be widely distributed throughout the area but only a few surface schools were seen until a- bout mid-July. From then until mid-August, numerous surface schools were seen be— tween St. Augustine, Florida, and Brunswick, Georgia. The Atlantic Explorer departed on Cruise No. 2 fram Beaufort, South Carolina, on September 13 to conduct exploratory fishing between Port Royal Sound and More— head City, North Carolina. If little tuna cannot be found in this area and schools are reported elsewhere, the locale of the exploratory work will be modified accord - ingly. ba North Atlantic Fishery Investigations SECOND PHASE OF GEORGES BANK FISH CENSUS COMPLETED: The second phase of a census of fish populations on Georges Bank was completed by. the Service's Branch of Fishery Biology. The Delaware, an experimental trawler operated by the Branch of Commercial Fisheries to conduct freezing-fish-at-sea studies, was used. The vessel returned to Boston on September 5 after occupying 47 stations in subareas XII G and O. Sampling a grid pattern of stations and concentrating tows in areas where relatively large concentrations of haddock were found,revealed the existence of a large concentration of haddock in the area of the bank known as the South Channel. This area was approximately eliptical in shape with an east-west diameter of 35 miles and a north-south diameter of 15 miles and centering at 41°15! N. and 69°00! We The depth of water in this area ranged from 50 to 75 fathoms. In addition to data on size and numbers of all species of fish, 39 bathythermo— graph casts were made and 28 bottom a a were obtained. North Pacific Exploratory fishery Program "JOHN N. COBB" TO INVESTIGATE COMMERCIAL DEEP-WATER TRAWLING OFF WASHINGTON AND OREGON: in order to investigate the commercial abundance and varieties of bottom fish in the deep waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon, the Service's exploratory fishery vessel John N. Cobb left Seattle about August 27 on the first of a series of planned cruises. On this cruise (No. 9) the vessel is scheduled to survey by trawling the region off Cape Flattery and adjacent waters at depths be- tween 100 and 500 fathoms (500 fathoms is more than half a mile deep). A special attempt will be made to determine the abundance of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus) in these waters. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 13, No. 9 Commercial otter trawls with a 33-inch stretched-mesh cod end similar to those used in the commercial fishery in Washington will be used by the vessel. Twotrawl cables, each 3} inch in diameter and more than a mile in length, will be used to reach the depths to be fished. no av, Yd, Ye, x Kw KK The Fish and Wildlife Service exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb was engaged in otter trawl fishing in deep waters off the coast of Washington during September. Results from the first portion of the trawl operations have indicated the presence of commercial quantities of various bottom fish at depths between 100 and 220 fathoms. Drags in the deep trough rumning southwest out of Cape Flattery produced fair quantities of black cod, Dover sole, and Pacific ocean perch. The better drags made in this area yielded 3,600 to 5,500 pounds of bottam fish. These tows were each one hour in duration and were made at depths from 130 fathoms to 186 fathoms. Several tows made at depths from 150 to 220 fathoms, approximately 40 miles west of Lapush, Washington, yielded good catches of Pacific ocean perch and other red rockfish, ‘These drags, also one hour in length, produced from 5,000 to 6,500 pounds of fish. The catches made at these depths were relatively clean and contained only small numbers of ummarketable scrap fish. er Railroad Freight Rate Increases Affect Fishery Products Permanent increases in freight rates and charges, effective August 28, 1951, were made by American railroads as the result of a report and order, dated August 2 and issued on August 8, 1951, by the Interstate Commerce Commission. These in- creases are in lieu of earlier temporary increases granted in 1I.C.C. Docket Ex Parte 175, and are the result of the Cammission's final conclusions from the pro- ceedings under that docket. Since this is the final decision in this matter, and the increases in rates and charges have now been made effective, those applying to the fishery industries are given in detail. Basic freight rates and charges, aside fram the exceptions listed in ensuing paragraphs, were increased as follows: Within eastern territory - 9 percent Within southern territory - 6 " 6 6 Within western territory - wi Interterritorially between the three territories - a By basic freight rates and charges are meant those now in effect, or published to became effective but not yet effective, including the increases or any portion thereof made effective under the authority granted in Ex Parte No. 162, Ex Parte No. 166, and Zx Parte No. 168, and including rates held umer investigation and suspension orders, also rates prescribed by I.C.C. orders, when and as such rates become effective, subject to any exceptions specifically made in the orders. How- ever, for the purpose of determining basic rates from such present freight rates and charges there shall be excluded such portion thereof as represents all increases made pursuant to previous report and order in I10.C. Docket Hx Parte 175. Any changes September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 hereafter made in the increases authorized in Ex Parte No. 162, Ex Parte No. 166, or Ex Parte No. 168, whether in pursuance of the umertaking of the petitioners in the proceedings mentioned to restore former competitive commercial relations, and whether done voluntarily or pursuant to orders, directions, or mediatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission, will be considered as changing the basic rates, and the amount of the increases authorized in Ex Parte 175 will be modified and ap- plied ratably. One of the principal exceptions to the aforementioned increases occurred in connection with canned fishery products on which a maximum increase of 6 cents per 100 pounds was effected. If any of the foregoing percentage increases exceed 6 cents per 100 pounds when applied to transportation of canned fishery products,the excess of increase was not authorized, and therefore, the railroads have placedin- to effect generally a maximum increase of 6 cents per 100 pounds on shipments of products in this class. In addition, no increase was made in the charges for protective services as published in Perishable Protective Tariff No. 15, Agent Quinn's I.C.C. No. 26. No increase is effected in amounts paid or allowances made by carriers for drayage or other services performed by shippers or receivers of freight. No increase is ef- fected in charges for demurrage on freight cars and in charges for handling, load- ing or unloading export, import, coastwise, or intercoastal traffic which do not affect the measure of the line-haul rate and are not in addition to the line-haul rate. U. S. Pack of Canned Crab Meat, 1950 Canned crab meat packed in hermetically-sealed containers during 1950 in the United States amounted to 137,490 standard cases, valued at $3,121,269. ‘his was a drop of 15 percent in quantity and 11 percent in value as compared with the pre- vious year, due mostly to a decline in the Pacific Coast States pack. The 1950 pack was the lowest since 1944. Table 1 = Pack of Canned crab Meat by Area and by Style of Pack and Size of Can and Case, 1950 Quantity in Standardand Actual Cases, and Value to Canners Area jpecies Avg.Frig @ 0: and state of Grab Processed) quantity | vatue per'staL/case] can end case | Std. Ca: a/ ast Coast: 6% oz. net (48 cans) Maine, North & South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama sccscessere 11 I 6h oz. net (24 ) ee e ae Mississippi cecsccsccsesese eoeccrcccccscsece eee 12 498 by 13 oz. net (24 cans) coo] 58 eeeeeeesoscscoe 7 16 oz, net (24 cans) eo ccccsecceccccs eee ° eecee eee 731,279 24,93 eeen eros esoraccseres St og. net (48 cans) 587,239 680 Ose cccccecccsccscecorves Total ....-..+ [194,011 [3,121,269[ = id Grand tote ig 90 21.26 2% CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 CANS TO THE CASE, EACH CAN CONTAINING 6f OUNCES OF CRAB MEAT. a Crab meat was canned in 20 plants in Washington, 17 in Alaska, 8 in Oregon, 3 each in Mississippi and Louisiana, 2 each in Maine and California, and 1 each in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The 1950 Pacific Coast pack (consisting of meat from Dungeness crabs and some king crabs in Alaska) was valued at an average of $23.80 per standard case, com- pared with $22.18 the previous year, the record high of $27.67 in 1946, and $7.05 in 1940. The East Coast and Gulf pack in 1950 (consisting largely of meat from blue crabs) was valued at, an average record high of $21.25 per standard case, 16 COM SRCIAL FISHERIES REV Lily Wonka 26), Wea S) compared with $20.08 the previous year, the second highest price of $21.11 in 1946, and #9.70 in 1940 (see table 2). Table 2 - Pack of Canned Crabs Atlantic Coast and Gulf States Pacific Coast States and Alaska Avg.Price eat ede ee Avg. Price Avg. Price ear |yuantit Value Per Std. Case—/iwuantit Value___|Per Std. Cas a Per Std. Cased/ 3 g EY 3 d, Cases $ F = Fy Fy 137,490 22.70 943,120 161,829 21.57 581,872 | 187,420 220,802 21.95 667,487 106,120 139,816 19.35 78,928 199,078 23.71 484,869 15.92 560,735 15.66 412,310 15.86 397,772 , ; 15.32 235,745 311,872 547,617 9.10 130,869 178,021 308,890 7,97 J/CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 63 OZ. CANS TO THE CASE. Y¥ U. S. Production of Marine-Animal Oils, 1950 Production of marine-animal oils in the United States and Alaska during 1950 amounted to 21,763,849 gallons, valued at $17,472,709 to the producers—an increase of 23 percent in quantity, but an increase of less than 1 percent in value as com-— pared with the previous year. A considerable drop in the production of liver oils accounted for the fact that the value did not increase in proportion to the total increase in body and liver oil production. Increased production of synthetic vita— min A has adversely affected the market price of liver oils to such an extent that it has become uneconomical for fishermen to fish sharks and dogfish for their livers. Menhaden oil accounted for 47 percent of the total oil produced and pilchard oil, 28 percent. Body oils obtained from whole fish and fish waste accounted for 98 percent of the total quantity of marine-animal oils produced and 80 percent of the total value. The balance of the production consisted of liver and viscera oils. Table 1 = Production of Marine Animal Oils, 1950 (Quantity and Value to Producers)! si... ea | . : 2 Fy 239,713 |1/29,225,928 29,225,928 1/35, 652,142 35,652,142 1/23,086,734 1/ 1/ 23,086,734 185,808 | 22,353,488 : 22,380,351 197,599 | 20,360,943 20,439,418 199,118 |. 14,343,138 14,405,338 210,225 | 15,131,918 15,243,022 188,848 | 13,570,331 3 | 13,629,152 168,486 | 11,545,239 11,625,759 225,815 | 12,852,781 13,095,573 177,724 7,562, 288° 7,833,821 1/A SMALL PRODUCTION OF ACIDULATED MENHADEN SCRAP INCLUDED WITH DRY SCRAP AND MEAL. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 Although the quantity produced increased 2,533 tons, the value of the total pro- duction dropped 46,426,214 as canpared ays the previous year, which indicated lower prices for all types of scrap and meal. Menhaden scrap and meal production exceeded 100,000 tons for the third consecutive year. NOTE: ALSO SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SFPTFMBER 1950, PP. 32-3. Utah Gets First Federal-Approved Fish Restoration Project Utah has sutmitted the first project for approval under the terms of the new Dingell—Johnson Act granting Federal aid to the sport fisheries of the country, the Secretary of the Interior announced on September 24. Utah's fishery project was received by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service on August 9, 1950, the same day President Truman signed the Dingell—Johnson bill, H.R. 6533, into law. The approval of this project, however, has been held up pending the final passage and signing of the Department of the Interior's appropriation bill for fiscal year 1952 which authorized the appointment of funds to the States for this new activity. In its first project, Utah will seek data on how much public use is made of the waters of the State. These data can then be used to show the need for modifi- cation of fishing regulations and the inauguration of management measures, such as habitat improvement, in order to offer the best possible fishing and at the same time afford the proper protection to this natural resource. Opportunities for fu- ture development will be sought and the data obtained from field surveys will be used as a basis for developmental projects. Utah proposes to find out the extent of the fish harvest taken by anglers,and the economic value of sport fishing to the welfare of the State. Although it is well known that supplying gasoline, boats, motors, tackle, bait, and guide service to fishermen has become a sizable business, Utah intends to find out the exact a— mount and its impact on the State's economy. The personal interview method, com— bined with questionnaire cards, will be used in the study. Funds available under the Dingell—Johnson program are derived from the excise tax on sport fishing equipment, such as rods and reels, artificial lures, and fish ereels. For each $3 allotted through the Federal Government, the State must contrib-— ute $1 of its own funds. The Fish and Wildlife Service, through its Branch of Federal Aid, administers the program, which includes the apportionment of available money to the States and the review and approval of each project to insure that it meets the standards set by Congress and the Secretary of the Interior. The Service also administers the outstandingly successful Pittman-Robertson wildlife restora- tion program which has been operating since July 1, 1938. NOTE: ALSO SEE PP. 53-4 OF THIS ISSUE. Wholesale and Retail Prices WHOLESALE PRICES, JULY 1951: A spurt in the production of groundfish in New England, bigger catches of shrimp in the Gulf and South Atlantic,and good stocks of canned tuna brought prices for edible fishery products during July this year substantially below June levels. The wholesale over-all index for edible fish and September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) for July was 107.3 percent of the 1947 aver-— age (see table 1)—1.5 percent below the previous month, but 10.1 percent higher than in July 1950, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor reports. Table 1 = Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes of Fish and Shellfish, July 1951, with Comparative Data ROUP, SUBGROUP, AND ITEM SPECIFICATION [POINT OF PRICING |UNIT | z (g TnDaxes (1947 = 109) ALL FISH AND SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, and ed). satel alata taetctatatatetat total etatatatatetatatateiaetoreYetetane teteletelatavata Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products: Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: ....... Haddock, large, offshore, drawn, Fresh wsccccccscccvssccevcescccers Halibut, Westorn, 20/80 lbs., dressed, fresh or frozen sececcece Salmon, king, lge. & med., dressed, fresh or frozen .escecoee Whitefish, mostly Lake Superior, drawn (dressed), fresh covssescres Whitefish, mostly Lake Erie pound net, round, fresh secesesscessecoe |New York City Lake trout, domestic, mostly No. 1, drawn (dressed), fresh ....eeeeeee Chicago Yellow pike, mostly Michigan (Lakes Michigan & Huron), round, fresh .. Processed, Fresh (Fish and She and Shellfish): Fillets, haddock, sm: amall, skins on, 2Om1bd. FINS cesccerecceeecrsencee Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), rece less, fresh or frozen ..... eececee Oysters, shucked, standards ....... { gal. a ° 5 112.0 110.8 Processed, Frozen (Fishand Shellfish): .. Fillets: Flounder (yellowtail), skinless, 10-lb. bxs. .. Haddock, small, 10-1b. Cello=pack csecsccsscccce Ocean perch (rosefish), 10-1b. cello-pack ...... |Gloucester Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), 5-1b. DXSeLsleisisieicciacisisiccisisisisiviccciciee cision Chicago Canned Fishery Products: .ccsceseqecceeses Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall (16 oz.), 48 cans POY CASO sececccrccsccscccos Seattle Tuna, light meat, solid pack, No. & tuna (7 oz.), 48 cans per case ..... |Los Angeles Sardines (pilchards), California, tomato pack, No. 1 oval (15 oz.), 48 CANS POF CASO wccscccevccccrcccce Sariines, Maine, keyless oil, No. + dravm (3+ 0z.), 100 cans per case .. Liberal fish landings in New England in July brought the prices for fresh off- shore drawn haddock down below those reported in June this year and July 1950. Drawn whitefish receipts at Chicago were fairly heavy in July and prices were sub- stantially below the previous month but still higher than a year earlier. On the other hand, round fresh whitefish receipts at New York City in July were light and prices rose substantially over the previous month and the corresponding month a year ago. Lake trout and yellow pike production in the Great Lakes was light and July prices for these fish were considerably above the previous month and the same month last year. Salmon prices remained steady at June levels, and dressed fresh or frozen halibut prices in July were slightly above those quoted in June. Mainly due to higher fresh-water fish prices, the drawn, dressed, or whole finfish sub- group index this July was 0.7 percent above the previous month and 2.0 percent higher than in July 1950. Processed fresh fish and shellfish prices from June to July dropped 2.8 per- cent, but these prices were 4.8 percent higher than in July last year. Heavier haddock landings in New England brought fresh haddock fillet prices in July 0.5 percent below June, but prices were still 1.6 percent higher than in July 1950. Be- cause of a considerable increase in shrimp production in the Gulf area, freshhead— less shrimp prices dropped 5.9 percent from June to July this year and were 4.7 per- cent lower than in July a year ago. Processed frozen fish and shellfish prices this July dropped 1.0 percent below dune, but- were 3.0 percent higher than in July 1950. From June to July this year, 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIAW Vol. 13, No. 9 lower prices were quoted for frozen ocean perch fillets (3.5 percent ) and for fro- zen shrimp (0.2 percent). However, while ocean perch fillet prices were 15.6 per-— cent higher than in July 1950, frozen shrimp prices were 5.7 percent lower. In July frozen flounder and haddock fillet prices were reported steady at June levels, but while frozen haddock fillets were 3.2 percent below the corresponding month last year, flounder fillets sold 23.6 percent higher. Canned fishery products prices in July continued to drop due to a decline in tuna and salmon. The month's index for this subgroup was 2.6 percent lower than in June, but still 21.7 percent above July 1950. Prices for canned pink salmon fram June to July dropped 1.0 percent, but were still 45.4 percent higher than in July 1950. Canned tuna prices in July were 8.3 percent lower than in June and10.3 percent below July last year. On the other hand, July quotations for California and Maine sardines were slightly above those reported in June. Compared with July 1950, prices for California and Maine sardines were higher by 18.0 percent and15.5 percent, respectively. RETAIL PRICES, JULY 1951: Urban families of moderate incomes paid slightly higher prices for all foods between mid-June and mid-duly, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor. The general upward movement in food prices during this period was showm by a 0.4 percent increase in the adjusted retail price index for all foods (see table). Table 2 — Adjusted Retail Price Indexes for Foods and Fishery Products, July 15, 1951, with Comparative Data ten _] ase | — ae All fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned.. Fresh and frozen fish..csccce anned salmon: pink do A 66 297 3 1938-39 = 100 288.1 291 4 270.0 do 09.2 2O As} The mid—July index was 227.7 percent of the 1935-39 average—9./, percent above the adjusted retail price index for all foods for the same period of 1950. Contrary to the increased retail prices paid for all foods, fishery products prices at retail declined between June 15 and July 15. The adjusted retail price index for all fresh, frozen, and canned fish and shellfish went down to 353.3 per— cent (an 0.8 percent decline), but was still 18.8 percent higher than on July 15, 1950. Following the pattern of the wholesale fish index, the retail fresh and fro- zen fish index dropped 1.1 percent between mid—June and mid-July to 288.1 percent of the 1938-39 average, but this index was still 6.7 percent above the same period a year earlier. Retail prices for canned pink salmon broke for the second month, with the in- dex reported at 509.2 percent of the 1938-39 average. This 0.4 percent decline from the previous month probably occurred in anticipation of the new salmon pack. However, the July 15 adjusted retail price index for canned pink salmon continues 47.7 percent higher than the corresponding 1950 period. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHURIGS REVInwW International FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION LATIN AMBRICAN FISHERIES MEETING SCHEDULED: The Latin American Fisheries meet- ing of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was scheduled to convene at Lima, Peru, September 17-22, 1951. The meeting was called to consider the desirability of establishing a Fisheries Council for the Latin American area, and, if favorably received, to adopt a form of agreement for submission to the Sixth Ses- sion of the FAO Conference to be convened at Rome in November 1951, a U.S. Department of State News re- lease announced on September 17. If approved by the Conference, it will be forwarded to interested mem- ber governments for action. The particular object of the Council is stated to be the promotion and improvement of fisheries by inereasing knowledge of aquatic resources in order to make possible maximum use in perpetuity and to use the Council's good offices topromote and secure action in this field. This is in line with the general objectives of the FAO of raising levels of nutrition and standards of living of peoples by contributing to improvements in efficiency of production and distribution of all food and agricul- tural products. Principal agenda items include consideration of the functions of the Council, i.e., its objects, its fields of interest, and the means of achieving its objec- tives, and a draft. instrument for establishment of the Council. The United States Delegation for the meeting follows: CHA! RMAN: WILLIAM C. HERRINGTON, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE UNDER SECRETARY , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. ADVISERS: MILTON LINDNER, HAROLD CARY, U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, MANAGER, FISHERY MISSION TO MEXICO, AMERICAN TUNA BOAT ASSOCIATION, MEXICO, D.F., MEXICO. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. * OK OK KO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FISHERY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: Projects for fishery de- velopment are forming an important part of the Expanded Technical Assistance Program of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Governments of the Far East, Latin America, and the West Indies, are receiving advice on the expansion and improvement of their fishery industries, according to the FAO procedure by which 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERTES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 an expert is attached to a Government, by request, for a stated period, and fora particular assignment, according to an August press release from FAO in Rome. The projects under way include general appraisal surveys of fishery resources, such as is at present being carried out by an FAO fishery biologist in Ecuador. A preliminary survey of a less detailed nature is to be made in Brazil by an FAOfish- ery specialist in order to determine which types of technical assistance will be needed to improve fishing methods and increase domestic consumption. Two Nether- lands experts have been sent to Pakistan to advise on the development of a fish harbor at Karachi, in order to relieve the congestion of the present port, and pro- vide for a larger mechanized fishing fleet, which the Pakistan Government intends to develop. Ceylon is receiving assistance in the mechanization of its fishing fleet and gear, to increase production for local consumption. Other specialized projects aim at spreading the Far Eastern techniques for the growing of fish in ponds to furnish a convenient source of protein. A technical assistance project of this nature has been under way in Haiti. Artificial ponds have been constructed and these have been stocked with carp from the UnitedStates, and a fast-growing fish called Tilapia from Jamaica. Experiments are also being carried out in the rearing of indigneous fish in the ponds. In Thailand, existing fish ponds are operated mainly by residents around Bangkok, but the Government is anxious to increase fish production for consumption among peoples living in the hinterland where animal proteins are scarce and expensive. Accordingly, the Gov— ernment of Thailand has requested the services of an FAO expert to develop an ex= tension service among inland fish farmers on fresh-water fish culture methods. The extensive hake fisheryoff the Chilean coast is being organized in a pro- gram of conservation and development, which includes methods for increasing domes-— tic consumption of hake. The biological aspects will be studied by an FAO expert who has been loaned by the Danish Government from his position as Chief of the Saltwater Section of the Danish Biological Station. Another Danish expert is ad- vising on the consumption and the marketing of hake. Fishery educational work is also in progress. Under the sponsorship of the Government of Chile, a Fisheries Training Center will be conducted for ten weeks beginning in January 1952. The center will draw some fifty students from South American countries. They will receive intensified instruction in fishery biology, technology, economics, administration, and related subjects. Instructors will be drawn from among fishery specialists in North and South America and Europe. Additional technical assistance agreements between FAO and governments are be- ing negotiated. Among these is an agreement with the Government of Turkey cover- ing technical assistance in fishery biology and surveys to explore latent fishery resources, in improving fishing and processing methods, and in expanding local mar-— kets for domestic catches of fish. Another agreement being negotiated provides for expert assistance in developing fisheries in the fresh and brackish waters of the State of West Bengal, India, to assist in relieving the food shortage. FAO welcomes communications regarding its technical assistance program in fish- ery development and as to the specific types of experts needed. Generally the ten- ure of positions is one year, although it may be as short as three months. Persons interested in positions with the program are urged to write the Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy. September 1951 ‘COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 WHALING LATER OPENING OF ANTARCTIC WHALING SEASON APPROVED: The International Whaling of the Antarctic whaling season shall be postponed until January 2, in view of the fact that the whales are richer in oil later in the season. The new date is sub- ject to approval by the 12 member nations, reports an August 9 news release from the Norwegian Information Service. A commnique issued at the end of this third annual meeting in Capetown stated that no change would be made in present provisions limiting the total catch in each season to 16,000 blue whale units. Norwegian whaling circles have expressed regret that European and other in- terests are building new floating whale factories which inevitably will cut the quota allotted each participating country to the point that whaling operations be- come uneconomical. Argentine Republic FISH- AND WHALE-OIL SITUATION: The Argentine whale catch during the 1950-51 season apparently was about the same as it was last year, close to 7,000 metric tons in oil equivalent. Shark fishing was inactive, and the liver-oil output was estimated at ' only 25 tons. Production of other fish oils for in- dustrial use was relatively small for the second con= secutive year. The limited yield was attributed to small catches of sabalo in the river near Buenos Aires, an American Embassy dispatch reports. “10 onotet AWSON as, In addition to the 7,000 tons of whale oil, a- ane Ae bout 2,000 tons of seal oil reportedly were taken in © S| e each of the last two seasons. Production of whale guano was reported to be about 4,000 tons and whale- ' meat meal about 200 tons. The principal market for % pasar ied the latter is as a protein feed in the United King- SOUTH GEORGIA IS dom. B SAN no APE HORN, It is understood that the entire production of whale and seal oil for the1950- 51 season, which recently came to a close, has been sold to the Netherlands, leaving no stocks on hand. In the 1949-50 season, the principal recipients were the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Germany. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RiVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 For several years, the Argentine whaling industry has been planning to expand, put so far nothing has materialized. The new whale factory ship Juan Peron has been launched in England and reportedly was to be fitted out for operations by August, but according to informed sources the vessel may be leased or sold to non-Argentine interests for operation under another flag. Apparently the Argentine Government is not prepared at present to encourage the domestic industry through favorable ex- change rates or credit terms, as was the policy a few years ago. Plans are being made, according tc a member of the trade, to increase the pro= duction of shark-liver oil and other fish oils during the next season. Some plant equipment has already been imported for this purpose, Canada AGULATIONS FOR TRAWLER LICENSES AMENDED: The licensing of fishing vessels that use an otter or other trawl of a similar nature in Atlantic waters has been divided into three categories under Canada's recently amended regulations, the May- June 1951 Canadian Trade News announces. Trawlers, defined under the regulations as vessels over 100 feet in length, will pay a license fee of CS25.00. Draggers up to 65 feet in length will continue to pay a license fee of C$5.00, and on those over 65 feet the license fee will be C#$15.00. The most important condition listed for the granting of the license is that the operation of the trawler or dragger will not interfere with other methods of fishing. * OK OK KOK SALMON EXPORT REGULATIONS: The Special Fishery Regulations for the Province i of British Columbia dealing with the export of salmon were amended by an order in | Council, P. C. 1995 dated April 20, 1951, according to the American Consulate's July 3 report from Vancouver. This amendment continues in effect for 1951 the iden= tical 1950 regulations, which are as follows: "NO ONE SHALL EXPORT FROM CANADA ANY SALMON OF THE SOCKEYE OR PINK VARIETIES EXCEPT IN A CANNED, SALTED, SMOKED, OR CURED CONDITION. ON AND AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 1951, NO ONE SHALL EXPORT FROM, CANADA COHO SALMON EXCEPT IN CANNED, SMOKED, OR FROZEN CONDITION. * KK K * WHIT@FISH EXPORT INSPECTION REGULATIONS: Canadian legislation on March 8 es- tablished inspection regulations for the export of whitefish to any destination outside of Canada. According to the Canadian law (P. C. 1065), which became effec- tive on May 16, 1951, the following are some of the main provisions: 1. No person shall export any whitefish unless the whitefish is inspected and the container thereof Stamped and a certificate of inspection issued in accordance with the regulations. (a) The name and address of the exporter, (b) The lake of origin of the whitefish, (c) The words "Product of Canada," ané (d) The words "Dressed Whitefish," "Round Whitefish," or "Whitefish Fillets," 2. Every container in which whitefisi f 'y W. Sh are packed for as the case may be. export shall be marked by an inspecting officer with an inspection stamp, if he is satisfied after 4. Where containers of whitefish packed for export are inspection that the whitefish are in good merchant- able condition and that the provisions of the regu- lations have been complied with. - Every container in which whitefish are packed for export shall be clearly marked on one end by the ex- porter or shipper with: marked to indicate the size of the whitefish in the container they shall be marked "Small," "Medium," "Large," or "Jumbo," according to the following sizes: Small.. up to 14 lbs.| Medium... Jumbo.. over 4 lbs. over 15 lbs. to 3 lbs. Large .e.. Over 3 lbs. to 4 lbs. September 1951 5. All fillets of whitefish packed in wrappers shall be marked by an inscription on each individual wrapper, indicating clearly that the contents are fillets of 7 whitefish and showing the name and address of the packer or the dealer for whom the fillets were packed, Transparent wrappers without an inscription may be used if a paper insert, containing the inscription described immediately above is enclosed within each wrapper. 6. When wrapped fillets are packed in cartons, the net * KK KX NEWFOUNDLAND SEALING FLEET HAS SUCCESSFUL SEASON: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 weight of the fillets packed in each carton shall be indicated thereon. e All fillets of whitefish produced from defrosted whitefish shall have the words "Fillets of Defrosted Whitefish" marked on the individual carton containers and on the master carton container. 8. Only new wooden boxes or cardboard cartons or fibre cartons shall be used for exporting whitefish. 9. Whitefish packed for export in any container shall conform to the marks appearing on the container. Favorable weather and the plentifulness of seals made this season's seal hunting by Newfoundlanders one of the most successful in a number of years, a July 25 dispatch from the American Con- APPROXIMATE BOUNDARY OF ICE FRONT AS OF APRIL 1 IS IN- DICATED BY JAGGED LINE IN UPPER RIGHT HAND CORNER. sulate at St. John's points out. The abundance of seal on the Ice Front and in the Gulf of St. Law- rence is undoubtedly due to the reduced scale of slaughter in the past few years. For the1951 season, a total of 180,164 seals (6,965,986 lbs. gross weight) were taken, compared with 62,965 seals (2,571,344 lbs. gross weight) taken in 1950. The net value of the 1951 season's catch, based on the weight of the skins and fat, is computed to be Cy385, 403. Increased market demand for seal oil and the higher prices offered last winter and this spring as a result of the war in Korea, brought about a notable expansion of Newfoundland seal- ing operations this spring. During the 1950 season, three vessels of Newfoundland registry took part in the sealing hunt; this year 12 ships were sent out by firms in this Province to the Northern Front sealing grounds. Approximately 15 other ves—= sels of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Norwegian registry were reported on their way to participate in the hunts at the beginning of the season. Newfoundland vessels were assisted by a spotter plane based at Gander Airport, Newfoundland, which searched out the sizable seal patches when weather permitted. The ships, in daily radio contact with the shore, were able to more effectively locate their quarry through this liaison. INewfoundland's Seal Production, By Species]: and Value to Sealers, 1951 Season No. 132,626 APPS, yOUNG eoveccee Wy @lksl good00000 Bedlamers weccccccce HIOOdS, YOUNES ecccece Wp Gh coondocoo Total .ecccccerece GROSS WE! GHT (SKIN AND FAT, TRIMMED MEAT) EQUALS 3,109 LONG TONS; NET WE! GHT (1 NCLUDING SKINS AND FAT oniy) 2,867 LONG TONS. The practice followed by the sealers of stacking the gutted seals on the ice floes or "pans" until the ship to which the men are attached is able to reach that vicinity to load them on board resulted in losses es- timated at between 5,000 and 8,000 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 pelts. The reason for this is that the pans drift out of reach of the vessels. Usually, they are recovered by other ships or by residents known as "landsmen" on the northern shores of Newfoundland. In addition to the sealing-vessel catches, it has been reported that the "lands- men" had a particularly successful season. During April, residents of Cook Harbour, at the northern tip of the Island, reported a catch of 13,000 pelts from ice floes driven close to shore by an easterly wind. The total landsmen catch is estimated at approximately 48,000 pelts, valued at about C$155,000. Members of the local sealing industry are unanimous in the opinion that an in- ternational agreement, applicable at least to Norwegian and Canadian operations, should be brought about to prohibit the taking of young harp seals before March 13. The urgency of dealing with this matter, as well as the use of unskilled gunners to kill the seals, the method of "panning" which results in sizable losses annually, and other practices which are in opposition to the elementary laws of conservation and humanity, were emphasized. An alternative to the international agreement, which was felt to be most sat- isfactory, was the suggestion in a local editorial that the Federal Government at Ottawa "...assume jurisdiction over the waters covering the continental shelf which extends into the Western Atlantic--let who | will voice opposition to such action." It was felt that foreign vessels should no longer be allowed to "obstruct with impuni- \ ty the operations of Canadian vessels en- gaged in the bank fisheries" or that the } sealing industry be threatened with extinct— ion by disregard for the laws of conserva- Ril SEAL tion. In June 1951, it was reported that | the Canadian Fisheries Minister expressed confidence that something will be done to halt the killing of young seals off the coast of Newfoundland during the spring. } Prices currently being offered for seal oil are relatively favorable. Pros- | pects for next season's sealing operations are considered more promising than they | have been for some years. It is probable that a heavier demand for seal skins will be evident next season, by reason of the contemplated establishment of a tannery in Carbonear on the Avalon Peninsula and a fur-dressing and dying plant in the vicinity of St. John's. Negotiations were concluded recently with foreign interests for the construction of seal processing plants. These new factories, coupled with more in- tensive prosecution of the seal fisheries, may well prove to be a sound economic combination for the Province of Newfoundland. -f Derimark EXPORTER CLAIMS U. Ss. MARKET. CAN ABSORB MORE FROZEN TROUT: Much more Danish fore, according to a Danish exporter recently returned to Denmark from a visit to the United States. According to his report in the July 13 issue of Dansk Fiskeriti- dende, the value of Danish fish exported to the United States in the first five months of 1951 was about US$290,000. Fresh-water frozen brook trout accounted for one-half of this total. Te September 1951. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Most of the Danish fish goes to hotels and restaurants where they are served as specialties. However, they are also beginning to be sold at retail, this ex- porter claims. * OK KK 1950 TRADE AGREEMENT WITH GERMANY EXTENDED: A mixed Danish-German committee met in Bonn, Germany, from June 6 to 18 for the purpose of reviewing the trade a- greement of October 16, 1950, according to a July 5 American Embassy dispatch from Copenhagen. From this meeting, it was decided to extend the agreement, with ap- pended commodity lists, through December 31, 1951, two months beyond the expira- tion date. Some of the German imports will be governed by OHEC decisions withre- spect to the value of these imports. Established German quotas will amount to US$7.8 million per month after June 1, 1951. The contracting parties also reserved the right to alter the agreement by September 1, 1951, within the framework of an anticipated revision of the OEEC decision. Reciprocal deliveries of goods regarded as supplementary to the current Dan- ish-German trade agreement commodity lists will include 1,040,000 DM (US$247,520) worth of such Faroe Island products as fish, whale oil, and fish oil and meal in exchange for German coal, iron and steel products, and finished materials and ma- chinery to be exported to the Faroe Islands. Greenland COD STUDIES OFF WEST GREENLAND: Cod BOhade fishing off west Greenland has been under STORE wed way for several weeks and the Norwegian HELLEF | SKE= ) pet : Directorate of Fisheries in that area re- BANK : E ports it to be very good. Cod is reported | to be present in even greater quantities | than in previous years, according to an | article in the July 7 issue of the Nor- wegian Bergens Arbeiderblad cited in a LILLE Be, July 20 American consular dispatch from HELLEFISKE : Bergen. Fishermen have been heard to say ic that their vessels sail for hours through unbelievably large schools of fish. BANK The Norwegian scientific group will continue the work started in 1948, con- centrating on water temperatures and its influence 6n cod. Cod will also betagged this year. This work is to be carried on in cooperation with the fishermen present in the area. GROUNDF1SH BANKS OFF OF WEST GREENLAND. The director of the group claimsthat the amount of cod present on the banksoff Greenland nas increased to such an extent during the past 30 years that these banks are actually the richest and most important source of supply in the world. It is also believed that this condition will continue during the coming years. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW . Vol. 13, No. 9, The article reports that cod formerly migrated between Iceland and Greenland, but it nowremains in Greenland waters through- out the entire year. In other words, a sep- arate Greenland cod species has come into being. The opinion has been expressed that this change in the cod's habits is due to the rise inwater temperatures off the coast of Greenland. Another important fact established through scientific work carried on in the area is that cold water fromthe East Green- land Polar Current infiltrates the west EoD coast banks about the middle of July, disappearing again in the fall. The fishare said to avoid this cold water by approaching the surface. After the disappearance of the cold stream, the fish resume their normal deep-water habits. The cod catch made by the natives of Greenland in 1911 resulted in 18 metric tons of salted cod. By 1930 the amount had increased to 8,000 metric tons and the annual production now amounts to some 15,000 metric tons. Fishing by Greenlanders has increased a great deal since the end of World War II. Most of their fishingis done in the skerries and fjords. Few Greenlanders venture as far as the offshore banks. EE oh, == 1 Iceland CONVENTION FOR THE REGULATION OF FISHING=-NET MESHES AND FISH SIZE LIMITS RAT-= IFIED: On August 5, 1951, Iceland ratified the April 5, 1946, London Convention — for the Regulation of the Meshes of Fishing Nets and the Size Limits of Fish. The provisions of this Convention apply to the Northeast Atlantic, and it is anticipated that under the terms of the Convention conservation measures will be made to pre- vent overfishing in that area, according to an August 24 dispatch from the American Legation at Reykjavik. The Icelandic nation, whose economy is primarily based on fisheries, is inter- ested, along with the other participating nations, in the adoption of appropriate measures which are designed to prevent the destruction of the fisheries through o- verfishing. Iceland gave notice, however, that its participation in the Convention should not be so interpreted as to affect in any way Icelandic views concerning fisheries jurisdiction and enforcement of the continental shelf restrictions. These restric= tions are provided for by Iceland's law of April 5, 1948, which asserts that the Ministry of Fisheries may determine explicitly bounded coastal zones within the lim- its of the continental shelf and issue necessary rules for their protection. Under this law, regulations issued on April 22, 1950, prohibit Icelandic and foreigntrawl- ing within a distance of four miles off the North Coast of Iceland. * KOK OK Se —— Norwegian research vessels are engaged in herring research work during the present summer herring fishing season in Icelandic waters, according to an August 14report THRES| RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATING IN ICELANDIC WATERS: Two Icelandic and one September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 from the American Legation at Reykjavik. Iceland's Maria Julia, which was originally fitted out as e fisheries research vessel, has searched for herring and conducted scientific research work under the supervision of the Fisheries Department of Ice- land's University Research Institute. A smaller vessel, Faxaborg, which has in the past conducted some research work off Jan Mayen Island and the north and northeast coasts of Iceland, is now operating off the southwest coast. The Faxaborg is under the general supervision of Iceland's Herring Research Board. Iceland's Ministry of Fisheries has also sought the cooperation of Norway and Denmark in herring research. At the present time, this consists almost entirely of an exchange of information, and there is no collaboration in actual field work with the other countries. The Norwegian research vessel, G. 0. Sars, is now in Icelandic waters conducting herring research work and guiding the 200 members of the Norwegian herring fleet engaged in the current summer herring fishery. Italy TUNA PLENTIFUL IN NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA: A report from Northern Italy ‘states that large quantities of tuna are present in Northern Adriatic waters, according to the August 11 edition of The Fishing News, an English fishery periodical. Local fishermen cannot remember any tuna being taken in quantity in these waters over the past thirty years. During one week in August, fish- ermen in this area landed 150 tons of tuna. - Japan FISHERIES OUTLOOK FOR 1951: Salt-Water Fisheries: A favorable herring catch has resulted in a good 1951 production of dried herring. Squid fishermen have also had a very successful season. Salmon, mackerel, and trout production are also es- timated above average. In July, reports indicated large catches of salmon andtrout from the Hast Coast, and a bumper mackerel catch. Canned Fish: Hokkaido's 12 salmon and trout canning factories which will can almost 9 percent of the total Japanese catch, will pack about 160,000 cases of 8 doz- en cans each. This will bring the Hokkaido pack to almost three times that of 1950. A poor crab catch this year will probably reduce the predicted production of 80,000 cases of this product to 15,000 cases, an August 17 American economic dispatch from Tokyo points out. Only ¥20,000,000 (US$55,556) worth of canned seafoods were exported from Japan during the first six months of 1951 because of the poor crab catches, and high in- ternal prices and operating costs. On July 17, however, 32,000 cases of canned salm- on with.a value of ¥260,000,000 (US$722,222) were shipped to Dublin. Exports of can- ned trout are expected to be about 100,000 cases during 1951. FISHERIEN'S MINIMUM WAGE REDUCED: Refrigerator ships have reduced spoilage and have helped Japanese fishermen maintain prices. However, reports indicate that large fishing companies now guarantee fishermen a minimum monthly wage of only ¥5,000 to ¥6,000 (US$13.90-16.70). Fishermen averaged well over ¥10,000 (US$27.78) per month 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 9 in 1947 even though the company received 60 percent of the value of the catch and the fishermen 40 percent. LARGEST WHALING FACTORY-TANKER COMPLETED: The largest whaling factory-tanker vessel ever built in Japan has recently been completed at the Kawasaki Dockyard in Kobe. The new 17,000 gross metric ton ship is reported to have facilities for proc- essing 37 whales daily. * * OK K * The fourth Japanese PRODUCTION OF FOURTH MOTHSRSHIP-TYPE TUNA EXPEDITION: ee eee metric tons) and Tosui Maru (362 tons); andil a catcher boats, ranging from 100 tons to 200 tons. In addition, two dory-type catcher boats of five tons each were carried on board the Tenryu Maru. Thefleet operated during Febru= ary 1-24, 1951, in the vicinity of 3° N. lati- tude and 157° E. longi- tude. The total catch was 1,285,505 pounds, including 936,730 pounds of tuna and 308,216 pounds of spearfish. pounds back to Japan in frozen condition, and the remaining 884,387 pounds were trans— ported in ice in the holds of the catcher boats. mestic consumption in Japan. Production of Fourth Mothership- ype Tuna Expedition by Species Tuna: Yellowfin wecccccece Big=Cyed wccccccccce ID AC ORCMeleleleleletelelolets Black Marlin cecoces White-striped marlin Striped marlin cece. SallfFish ccccecccccss Broadbill swordfish. EO Gadaeeeeieraleeite Dharksieeteeieceeteeinioes OGHOrSMelalslolsleleleloielelareiete Grand total ..... 41,285,505 TYPICAL JAPANESE CATCHER BOAT USED BY MOTHERSHIP-TYPE TUNA EXPEDITIONS. i The two motherships brought 400,918 All of the catch was sold for do= Average catch per catcher day was 6,900 pounds by the large catchers and 1,430 pounds by the dory boats. Yellowfin tuna dominated the catch as it did in the third expedition, repre- senting 84 percent of all tuna and 61 percent of the total catch. Black marlin represented 93 per- cent of the spearfish and 22 percent of the to- tal. Big-eyed tuna was 11 percent of the total, and other species were 6 percent. The fish were classified into four grades according to the prices at which they were sold. Although the grades do not necessarily indicate the quality of fish because of price conditions in the market, at least 78 percent of the catch was in edible condition. The Japanese fisheries Agency maintains records of performance of the various catcher boats as well as grades of qual- ity of landed fish for the purpose of eliminating less efficient boats from participation in future expeditions. * OK Kk * Sa I I I TT ee September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 PRELIMINARY CATCH STATISTICS OF SIXTH MOTHERSHIP-TYPS TUNA EXPEDITION: Ja- pan's sixth mothership-type tuna expedition consisted of the e mothership, the Tenryu Maru (577 gross metric tons), an auxiliary carrier, the Tosui Maru (362 tons), and eight catcher boats ranging from 100 to 200 gross tons. In “In addition, two dory-type catchers of five tons each were carried on board the Tenryu Maru. The fleet oper- ated in the vicinity of 3° N. latitude and 1609 E. longitude from April 20 toMay 23, 1951. Total catch was estimated at 992,000 pounds, including 607,500 pounds of yel- lowfin tuna, 136,000 pounds of other tuna, 178,500 pounds of spearfish (mostly mar= lin swordfish), 52,000 pounds of sharks, and 18,000 pounds of other fish. Themoth- ership and carrier brought about 479,000 pounds of the catch back to Japan frozen, and the remaining 513,000 pounds was brought back in ice in the holds of the catcher boats. The catch was intended for domestic consumption, but owing to heavy land- ings of other species of fish and a depressed price condition, the best-quality fro- zen yellowfin tuna may be stored for export, the June 16 Weekly Summary of SCAP"s Natural Resources Section points out. * KOK * X EIGHTH MOTHERSHIP-TYPE TUNA EXPEDITION PLANNED: Fourteen catcher boats of the eighth Japanese mothership-type tuna expedition were scheduled to leave Japan on or about July 21. The main element of the expedition, including the mothership (Tenyo Maru No. 2) of 10,600 gross metric tons, was scheduled to leave on or about July 30. The The remaining atal, Batenes boats were to leave over a two-week period extending up to August 10. The fleet is expected to operate in the vicinity of 123° N. and from 150°-165°R. in the area authorized for mothership-type tuna expeditions, the July 14 issue of the Weekly Summary issued by SCAP's Natural Resources Section states. Four inspection vessels will be assigned to act as patrol ships, and two will operate on station at all times. The fleet is expected to engage in fishing operations from about August 1 to October 18. Production by the expedition is expected to be about 3,000 metric tons of fish. Probably about 90 percent of the catch will be yellowfin tuna, about one-half of which may be suitable to be offered for export. The remainder of the production will be used for local distribution. eK Oe OK DIET MEMEBERS IN U. S. FOR ORIENTATION ON FISHERTES PROGRAMS AND POLICIES: Funds from the United States appropriation for Government and Relief in 1 Occupied Areas (GARIOA) are being used to finance the travel of four fisheries leaders of the Ja- panese Diet to the United States for the purpose of obtaining information cn nation= al fisheries programs and policies. This trip is for a 90-day period, beginning Au- gust 13, 1951, reports the August. 11 Weekly Summary of SCAP's Natural Resources Sec- tion. These members of the Fisheries Committees of the Japanese Diet will become ac- quainted with the importance and authority of the legislative branch of government in the United States in the formulation of national fisheries policy and interna- tional fisheries agreements, including the significant role of public hearings in the preparation of legislation. Direct contact with members of the legislative bod- ies in Washington and with various government agencies concerned with the development of fisheries policies and programs will demonstrete the manner by which representa- tives of the people interested in fisheries take action to establish policies, and 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now. 9 the obligations of the executive branch of the government which administers these policies and programs. In addition to observing the formulating of laws and policies at the national level, the group will visit regional offices of various international fisheries com= missions and interstate fisheries ccmmissions. In each locality, the party is ex- pected to have an opportunity to learn the reaction of American fishermen and of- ficials to Japan and its place in the world's fisheries. ae Mexico INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP ASSOCIATION FORMED: Representatives of the Texas Shrimp Association and the Mexican National Chamber of Fisheries met in Galveston on Au- gust 22, 1951, and formulated plans for an international organization of shrimp producers to be known as the Shrimp Association of the Americas. The purpose of the organization is to make a cooperative drive to increase shrimp consumption through advertising, quality control, improved merchandising methods, and research, an August 28 dispatch from the American Consulate at Mata- moros points out. The Texas Shrimp Association no longer advocates quotas or im= port duties on Mexican shrimp. Shrimp The Shrimp Association of the Americas will be incorporated in Delaware, with head offices in Brownsville. The board of directors will consist of six Mexicans and the six Americans now board directors of the Texas Shrimp Association. The on=- ly salaried official will be the executive secretary. Meetings will probably be held as required rather than at stipulated intervals. The Texas and Mexican shrimp associations will collect from their members $ cent per pound on the catch to be marketed in the United States and remit 75 percent of the amount so collected to the U. S. depository, a Brownsville State Bank, for financing the operations of the international organization. kK OK KOK GOVERNMENT QUALITY STANDARDS FOR CANNED SHRIMP: An official standard of qual- ity for canned | shrimp (D. G.N. F-19-1951 ) was approved in March this year by the Mex- ican Ministry of Economy for the use of official agencies in making their purchases of this product. The full text of the standard of quality for shrimp as it appeared in the June 12 issue of the Diario Oficial follows: OFFICIAL STANDARD OF QUALITY FOR CANNED SHRIMP, tom of the load during their transportation, but D.G.N. F-19-1951 which show no signs of decomposition. I. DEFINITION AND GENERALITIES, B. Generalities. The shrimp which are canned shall be wholesome, worked with and prepared according to A. Definition. For purpo —S = PUSEOSOS Ce WHS SEaC Et) CamH! the best industrial technique, satisfying the shrimp is the edible crustacean (Penaeus stylirostris, : 5 a P. Vannamei, and P. californiensis), subjected to 4 Gurley Seilvehy CSM, LOCOS EO CHENOA Bterili io regulations of the Ministry of Health and Assist— eae REpEoCasS, Sumconta reassert teeny ance. There shall not be excluded from this stand— ard the shrimp designated as seconds which are can- SECONDS. Seconds are the shrimp which have suffered phys- ned, provided that they are in good condition for ical deteriorations from having been left on the bot- canning and are classified as pieces without blem- ishes or bruises. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 335 II. CLASSIFICATION AND SPECIFICATIONS. -1. The shrimp must be prepared without head, legs, vis— cera or carapace. They shall be classified by A. Classification. Canned shrimp shall be comprised of size and shall be well washed; the finished product two types of packing, A and B, with four grades must be of firm consistency, of uniform size and in of size for each. whole pieces; discolored or mtilated shrimp or Type A - Packed in Liquid those with irregular indentations along the longi- ip ey tudinal surface shall not be accepted ... Size Al - Extra large Size A4 - Small Size A2 - Large Size A5 - Pieces 3. Tin containers. There shall be used new containers, Size AS - Medium varnished, which shall meet the specifications of the Official Standard of Quality for sanitary tin Type B - Packed Dry containers, D.G.N. B36-1949. Size Bl - Extra large Size B4 - Small In the case of the packing of dry shrimp, wax paper Size B2 - Large Size BS - In pieces shall be used. Size BS - Medium 4, Labels. Each can shall carry on the label the name of B. Specifications. The shrimp, in its two types and four the manufacturer or his firm name, address, type sizes, must meet the following specifications: of product packed, quality, number of pieces and weight in grams, of the dry or drained product ... * KK OK OK AD-VALOREM EXPORT TAX EXEMPTIONS EXTENDED: Certain Mexican exemptions to ad- valorem export taxes, axes, which apply also to certain fishery products, were extended for six months. Mexico's 80 percent exemption from the 15 percent ad-valorem ex- port tax, which among other products applies to frozen shrimp and canned shrimp, was extended for a period of six months, according to a decree published in the July 23 Diario Oficial, the official publication of the Mexican Government. The 80- percent exemption was scheduled to elapse in July, but this recent extention will carry it through December of this year. The deeree also provides for the continuation of the 80 percent exemption on exports of the category "fresh and frozen fish, not specified," and applies the ex- emption to exports of "fillet of fish wrapped in sanitary paper." Wrapped fillets were not previously covered by the exemption. * OK OK OK OK OFFICIAL PRICES OF CERTAIN FISHERY PRODUCTS FOR DUTY PURPOS#S: A circular mod- ifying the official prices of certain rtain imported items for the purpose of assessing the ad-valorem tax was issued by the Mexican Ministry of Treasury and Public Credit and published in the Diario Oficial on June 11. Certain fishery products were listed among the items included in the circular (Price List Number 8). The circular became effective five days after its publication in the Diario Oficial. The following are the fishery products included in the circular: Salted, smoked, brined, or preserved fish, n.s.: Preserved sardines with weight including immediate container not more than 5 kilos (11 lbs.), providing contents are labeled on container: When each container holds more than 10 sar- dines and does not exceed 160 grams (about Mexican Currency| Pesos per U.S. Currency 1.21.09 Za eOUNCES) Pewee Gils elelelelalclsiulslalclels/sialelsieisialsiote 15 Sardines without specification of number or weight per container weccsccrccorcccccccscccce 33 Salted, smoked, or brined fish, neSe coccccecce 12 ‘Preserved fish, N.S. ececcccccccccccccccccccvce 46 NOTE: THE ASSESSMENT OF THE AD-VALOREM TAX ON THE ITEMS MENTIONED IN THIS LIST WITHOUT OFFICIAL PRICE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY ARTICLE 2 OF THE GENERAL IMPORT TAX TARIFF. TO MERCHANDISE LOCATED WITHIN FISCAL PREMISES PENDING DISPATCH, THERE SHALL BE APPLIED THE PRICES APPEARING IN THIS LIST OR THE INVOICE PRICE, 1F IT 1S GREATER. VALUES CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF ONE MEXICAN PESO EQUALS 11.5707 U.S. CENTS. 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 French Morocco SARDINE CANNERS PROFIT BY SALE ~~ creek omen | OF SOYBEAN OIL: Profits from the gai z sales of United States low-cost soy- hour” bean oil sold to the consuming public in French Morocco will be turned over to firms in the sardine canning in- dustry in that country, according to ‘ the August 27 Foreign Crops and Mar- : kets of the U. S. Department of Ag— griculture. The sardine firms, be- cause they had purchased substantial quantities of high-cost oil early in 1951 prior to the sharp decline in world prices for oils and oilseeds, ScalalinlMiles are having financial difficulties. 0; 100 | 200 A = ‘ ; The purchase of American soybean oil by Moroccan dealers was made possible when a credit of US$1.5 million was made available to the Protectorate by metropolitan France. ae Spanish Morocco FISHERIES PRODUCTION, 1950: Fishery products landed in the Spanish Zone of Morocco during 1950 totaled 5,074 metric tons, valued at 12,555,473 pesetas (US$1,146,4356) as compared with the 1949 production of 7,584 metric tons worth 13,705,000 paper pesetas (US$1,251,598), accordingto two dispatches from the Amer- ican Legation at Tangier. Consumption: Consumption of fish in the Spanish Zone of Morocco during 1950 was about 9,500 metric tons. Part of the difference between the production and con= sumption figures was offset by 1,500 metric tons of fresh fish imported into the Zone during 1950, and the balance mst have been made up by stocks on hand and im- ports of other than fresh fish. Canning: No new fish-canning companies were established in the Zone during 1950. The industry is believed to have produced at least 1,700 metric tons of can- ned fish. A rather large part of this production (about 1,500 metric tons) was ex- ported to Italy. Canneries continued to search for purchasers in hard-currency countries. Whaling: A whaling firm located in Benzu Bay is reported to have produced1,200 metric tons of whale oil, valued at £120,000 during the past three years. All of this oil was exported to Spain. During the first 8 months of 1950, a total of 93 whales (4,829 metric tons) were caught. It is believed that the value of the 1950 production of whale oil was somewhat greater than the 5 million pesetas (US$456,621) for 1949. The 1948 value was estimated at 4 million pesetas (US$365,297). NOTE: MONETARY CONVERSION FACTOR: 10.95 SPANISH PESETAS EQUAL US$1.00. xk KOK * POOR TUNA FISHERY SEASON PREDICTED: The Spanish Moroccan tuna catch along the ee SSS tuna season is still on. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW : 395 In addition to adverse natural conditions, canneries have encountered diffi- culties procuring adequate supplies of refined olive oil from Spain. Had thecatch of tuna been up to previous years, trade circles believe the shortage of olive oil would have been far more critical. Zone authorities have made representations to the government inMadrid on behalf of canners for larger supplies of oliveoil, but little improvement in the situation is reported. However, most canners have been able to continue in operation. One factory in Villa Sanjurjo was com- pelled to close down for several weeks during June pending receipt of olive oil stocks. Future tin- plate supplies have become a matter of concern, and canners fear that world shortages will undoubtedly curtail their supplies. “' Norway BLUEFIN TUNA PRICE ESTABLISHED: The price for bluefin tuna in Norway deliv- ered to freezers, canners, or railway stations has been established at 1.45 kroner per kilo (about 9 cents per pound) for dressed fish with the head and fins removed. Local buyers pay 1.30 kroner per kilo (about 8 cents per pound). The price for round fish has not yet been established. Export possibilities for bluefin are good, according to the July 18 issue of Fiskaren, a Norwegian trade paper. OK OK OK TUNA ABUNDANT OFF NORTHERN NORWAY: Fishermen are taking huge catches of tuna in the waters off the Lofoten and Vesteraalen Islands in northern Norway, according to an article in Lofotposten cited by the Norwegian Information Service on August 25. The waters are teeming with tuna and sales have been going very well in view of the poor tuna fishing season in the Mediterranean. Prospects for substantial Norwegian exports of tuna are very good. It is reported that one Helgeland fisherman caught so many fish in one catch that the net was torn and two-thirds of the catch escaped. The tuna landed from this haul weighed about 73,000 pounds, valued at 56,000 kroner (US$7,849). * OK OK KO COD FISHERIES, 1951 SEASON: Cod fishing in Norwegian coastal waters concluded on June me 30, 1951, since nee all catches made after that date are relatively insignifi- cant and no effort is made to keep an accurate record of the production, a July 17 American consular dispatch from Bergen reports. Fishing during 1951 has been characterized by a much greater use of purse-seine nets than ever before. Objection to their use in Norwegian territorial waters has been opposed by the majority of fishermen because of their reluctance to adopt new methods. As a result, the Norwegian Department of Fisheries has exhibited consid- erable restraint in its sponsorship of purse seines. Approximately 80 licenses for purse seining were issued last year for use in the Lofoten Islands area. Prior to the 1951 season, it was decided by the Department of Fisheries, after consulting with the various fishermen's organizations, that approximately 400 purse seines would be licensed for this year's fishing. Used in conjunction with depth recorders, purse-seine fishing was so much better than the old methods even the most conserva— 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, Now 9 tive fishermen were said to be convinced of its advantage. Shortly after the start of the season, the issuance of licenses became almost a routine procedure. Over500 ~ purse seines were in use at the height of the season. The total 1951 cod catch amounted to 169,342 metric tons, 40,559 more than Norwegian Cod Fishery Production, i JJan.l-June 24, 1951, with Comparative Data 24 —— with Comparative Data] the 1950 total of 128,983 metric tons omar = Toman Winter | ema (see table). According to one large Year Fisheries Norwegian Norwegian cod-liver oil firm, the in- Metric Tons Metric Tons crease was due in its entirety to the use of purse seines. 1951 c5eocece 33,171 169,342 342 : MOS Omari 34,682 128,983 A total of 73 Norwegian vessels are 1949 30 , 452 112,995 participating in the Greenland cod fish- 1948 Pe 35, 342 135,791 eries. The results are said to be ex- 1947 cellent, but this catch has little bear- ing on asisicer oil production since Greenland cod livers are so small that the oil yield is very low. This oil, how- ever, has a very high vitamin content. 34, 439 229,117 e@oe0ec0co0 OK OK * COD-LIVER OIL INDUSTRY, 1951: Production: The 1951 production of steam-re- fined cod-liver oil up to June 6 24 this year amounted to 3,175,561 U. S. gallons, a 58 percent increase over the 1950 production for the same period of 2,006,753 gal- lons, according to a July 17 American consular dispatch from Bergen. Other cod= liver oils produced as of June 25, 1951, totaled 28,082 gallons, 35,699 gallons more than in 1950 (see table). Marketing: The shortage of fats in Europe during the past several months has resulted in large sales of partially-refined or rendered cod-liver oil to foreign hardening industries. It is for this reason that there are no reasonable estimates of the cod-liver oil stocks on hand. It is reported, however, that existing stocks will be able to meet all of the usual requirements. Production of Cod-Liver Oil by Larger Norwegian Steaming Plants, January 1-June 24, 1951, with Comparative Datal ie Period January 1 to Tae aT Product Steam--refined cod-liver oil .. Livers to other 0118 ceccceocce TOtal weacccccesecaccceses [Op COl645) 2 ,O5l 56) 575,006) eS 77ecoOl | oLOvonoo”, 1/DATA 1S NOT AN INDICATION OF ACTUAL TOTAL PRODUCTION, BUT GIVES AN ACCURATE INDICATION OF RELATIVE INCREASES OR DECREASES FROM YEAR TO YEAR. Cod-liver oil markets are said to be unstable at the present time because of uncertain international conditions. Demand in the United States for Norwegian cod- liver oil has averaged only 50 percent of prewar imports because of the increased American production of both cod-liver and synthetic vitamin products. Export Values: As of March 30, 1951, Government price fixing has been abolish- ed and prices are now governed solely by the market conditions. The United States, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Great Britain have been the most important importers of Norwegian cod-liver oil. The present value of a 30-gallon drum of U.S.P. quality oil is approximately $56 c.i.f., New York, practically unchanged from the price three months ago. NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1949, PP. 53-6. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 RECORD HERRING OTL PRODUCTION IN 1951: Norway's 1951 herring oil production has been estimated at a record high of 66,200 short tons, the July 25 Foreign Crops and Markets issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture states. The 1950 produc- tion totaled 59,000 short tons, and in 1949, only 29,400 short tons were produced-- less than one half of the 1951 production. Herring have been abundant on Norwegian fishing grounds in recent years, and the capacity and efficiency of the herring fleet have increased rapidly and greater catches have been obtained. The capacity of the herring oil industry has been ex- panded, but not rapidly enough to handle the greater peak loads during successful herring seasons. Fishing had to be called off for an entire week at the height of the 1950 winter herring season to enable shore facilities to catch up with the rec- ord quantities of fish which were being landed by the fishing fleet. Two new large processing plants came into operation in the spring of 1950, one at Zgersund and one at Moltustranda, and also a floating factory, the Clupea. How- ever, these facilities were not operating at full capacity until 1951. Crude herring oil is exported in only negligible quantities (580 tons in 1950) from Norway. Production normally is refined and polymerized before being exported as edible oils. It is believed that the entire 1950 production of herring oil is being used largely by Norwegian margarine producers. Commercial fats products usually are a mixture of various fats and oils suchas whale, herring, and seal oil. Norwegian margarine, as a rule, contains about 12 per- cent herring oil, but the percentage varies with the availability of other raw ma- terials commonly utilized in manufacturing margarine. NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, JULY 1950, P. 48. * KX * K *K WHALE AND SPERM OIL PRODUCTION, 1950-51: Norway's production of whale and sperm oil, including the output from both the Antarctic and Norwegian waters, is estimated at 210,570 short tons for the 1950-51 season, according to the July 25 Foreign Crops and Markets issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This production was slight- ly higher than the 1949-50 total of 209,510 short tons. Table 1 = Norwegian Whale and Sperm Oil Production, 1947-48 through 1950-51 Seasons 1950-51 | 1949-50 | 1948-49 1947-48 _ Antarctic, pelagic: Whale S@eeorceeereseeeeeeocsesesor2erseee Sperm COLCHCOLCOLOSO SOL EOL OCLOCLEZCOL OLE 11/197,480 | 195,700 196,020] 185,750 9,510 10,280 10,320 10,170 590 560 490 230 10, 100 10,810 10, 400 2,250 1,940 1,580 720 200 520 | 2/2990] 2,970) | ____- 2,100] 2,990 2,970 2,100 210 ,570 209,510 208,970 198, 660 Total @eeeeeeevearveeoeeoeeGe2ee2e28808808 South Georgia, shore station: Whale e@cerceneeeveecvuesoeeeoe2e0000080 Sperm Poerecrerec ee escererorererereces Total @eoeSseeeeeGeveeSseseeGesvees eed Norway, shore station: Witeltcietelelalelsisielelsieistaleictetelolelclalalslclalcietaleia SIC 1ltalelstalelsteleleteielslalelalelelaistelelelelcialelelerels Total aisislelelciele eisisleisiele cieisicialeVeleleisiels (Gieewiel wOEERUL Goo boocuK KOO OO DDOOOEC 1/PRELIMINARY. 2,/ ESTIMATE. 3/1NCLUDES 1948 PRODUCTION (410 TONS) OF A/S HEKTOR OFF SPANISH MOROCCO. 38 COMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 9 Almost 99 percent of the total 1950-51 output was from the Antarctic (see table 1). The whale oil production of 183,460 tons was down about 6 percent fromthe 1949- 50 season, but the sperm oil production of 24,120 tons increased more than 100 percent. Ten floating factories, one shore station (Husvik Harbor, South Georgia), and 132 catcher boats were in operation. Production in Norwegian waters is insignificant compared with Antarctic whal- ing, but the output at shore stations in Norway in 1950, however, regained the 1946 level after four years of rather low production. For the current 1951 season, pros pects are that production will be about equal to that of last year, or about 3,000 tons of oil. In the last two seasons roughly three-fourths of the total output has been ex-— ported in crude form or processed for export (see table 2). Table 2 - Disposition of Norway's Whale Oil Production, 1949-50 and 1950-51 1950-51 1949-50 | eee (In 1,000 Short Tons) ... mxported directly to: United Kingdom @eeeeeoecereeGe2n2e2G0e0eG8enoe208002888088080880 56.7 Sweden @e@eeceeovnecveeoeecooe Gee eeeoeaeseoeeneeoeeeeaeseeeveveee 4.5 Western Germany eecoeeeoeveasveeeoe@eoetseoovoeoeeeeoeoseeeeend 15.7 Denmark e@ceeeeveeeGoGeoeoeeeeoseeeeoeoenGeoseeseeeeeoosese 6.8 Belgium SCOCHHHHOSTHSHSCHHHLCSHHHLCHEHHESHEOHHLHLHOHOHHESOEE 57 Netherlands SOSHCHSTCOSOHHSHGLCHKGHSHHOHSCHLCHH SCHOLL E LEECH OEE Total ©0200 2000200000020 200007088000 0028007898808 For processing and subsequent eCXpOTrt ..esssecseccce processing and domestic consumption ....e.....- | 9/46.5 eS NGMEOF o's 2s] CrandECoraliieemcmiiceiieeieioereaeiereieinteeterercietete 167.9 1/PRELIMINARY, INCLUDING SALES MADE BY MAY 20. THE REMAINDER OF WHALE OIL AVAJLABLE FROM THE 1950-51 SEASON WILL BE USED FOR PROCESSING AND SUBSEQUENT EXPORT. 2/PRELIMINARY. 3/BUDGET. Prior to 1951, whaling companies operating in Norwegian coastal waters have not been permitted to market their catch outside of Norway. This limitation now has been removed, but the Government has imposed a levy on all sales proceeds obtained by com- panies engaged in domestic whaling in order that these companies should not enjoy an undue advantage over companies engaged in pelagic (open sea) operations. Sperm and bottlenose oil are exempted fram these regulations. NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, MAY 1951, PP. 54-5. OK OK OK Ok LARGE HERRING SEARCH IN THE NORWEGIAN SEA: "In search of Large Herring in the Norwegian Sea," is the title of an article by Finn Devold, a Norwegian fishery sci- entist, which reviews the cruises of the Norwegian research vessel, G. 0. Sars in the summer of 1950 and the following winter. This article appeared in the May 17 issue of Fiskets Gang, a Norwegian periodical published by the Director of Fisheries in Bergen. He points out that the Russian research scientist Glebov, who studied small herring and fat herring on the Murmansk Coast in 1938, concluded that in the | Summer, when there is an abundance of food, the herring feed in relatively warmwater where digestion of the food and its conversion to greater weight, fat reserves, etc., can occur relatively quick, In the winter, however, the herring undergo a long fast period and stay in cold water where the stored fat reserves are utilized as slowly as possible. The latter was also pointed out by Dr. Thor Lexow, a Norwegian, in1924. | If these conclusions were correct, Devold stated that the semally mature herring > | such as, "storsild" or large herring should act in a similar manner. The cruises of the G. 0. Sars tested this aypothesis. TOC a SD September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 The article concludes as follows: GREENLAND =! BEAR ISLAND © Be RS @ Already we know so much a- bout the migrations in the open ocean of the sexually mature part of our herring stock that in a short space of time, we probably can locate these her- ring from May until they again make their appearance in our coastal waters in January to spawn. It has been noted that the herring during their feed- ing and spawning migrations appear in schools of such size that they probably can be the object of a profitable fish- @ JAN MAYEN 1SLAND NORWEGIAN SEA z 1 CELAND: wgy THE FAEROES i i ‘ ‘ ‘ yr NORWAY 4 SWEDEN. SHETLAND SX ‘ ery. The picture we can de- BRORSUAUN : velop today of their migra- Wy SorkNey 1S. / ¢ tions is, in its broad fea- , i. NORTH SEA a =, tures, as follows: L228 eS ‘SCOTLAND DENMARK’ Cie) STATUTE MILES EA fw After spawning, a sub- stantial part of the herring proceed west, and in May and June may be found north- east of the Faroe Islands. In July, they move northward. Then they run against the cold water which moves southward between Jan Mayen and Iceland. By determining if the greater part of the schools of herring have ended up on the west side or the east side of the cold water, we probably should be able, in the latter half of June, to form an opinion of the occurrence of herring off North Iceland later in the sum- mer. If most of the herring are on the east side of the cold water, they will be cut off from North Iceland that summer. On the contrary, if significant numbers of herring end up on the west side, their natural path further northward would carry them into the Icelandic coastal waters, and the opportunities for a good Icelandic herring fishery would be at hand. The herring which migrate northward on the east side of the cold water will pro- ceed northward to the Jan Mayen area, and from there in an easterly direction south of the arctic water one usually finds there. Probably late in September, the her- ring resort to the cold water and begin the long spawning migration back to the Nor- wegian coast. The general direction will be southward to about 50 miles north of the Faroe Islands, and from there the main migration goes east. The location and area of the cold water varies from year to year, but can be determined quickly and, it now appears, one can thereby determine in which area the herring should be sought. The practical utilization of the above information is still in a preliminary stage. Probably valuable experience will be gained from this summer's cruise. We should consider if we should not, in November and December, attempt a trial fishery with a couple purse seiners and drift gill-netters. They would fish according to in- structions from the G. 0. Sars in order to obtain experience in practical fishing for the herring schools during the: their spawning migration. The article also stated that trials with purse seines and gill nets in mid-Jan- uary when the G. 0. Sars and the herring schools were well off the Norwegian coast showed that it was possible to make catches. It appeared, however, that when a num- ber of fishing craft were above schools which were some fathoms under the vessels, the herring were easily frightened and sank below the depth to which the purse seines 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, Now 9 could reach. To locate the schools withanecho sounder alone was difficult. The G. 0. Sars passed 42 herring schools in a period of one-half hour. Only two of these were onthe direct course of the vessel and were registered by the echo sounder. There can be no substantial increase in herring fishing in the open ocean in the winter before the fishermen themselves install ASDIC in their vessels. Work is being car- ried on at present with the Defense Research Institute in Horten on a combined ASDIC- echo sounder which may be used on fishing craft. It is believed that an experiment- al set will be ready to be tested in May this year. * OK K KK protocol increasing the exchange quotas for certain commodities, including fish and whale oil to be imported bySweden, was Signed in Stockholm on June 19, 1951, according to information a- vailable to the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The new agreement became effective from the date of signature and will con- tinue in effect through the end of 1951. The basic protocol was sign= ed in Stockholm on December 19, 1950. Swedish import quotas for the above specified commodities as now stearin waste and refined fish oil-- 4,000 metric tons; hermetic fish oil for canning industry--500 tons; fish oil for in- dustrial uses--1,500 tons; and whale oil, hardened--10,500 tons. In 1950, Swedish imports of fats and oils from Norway totaled 15,834 metric tons, including 4,000 tons of raw whale oil. Swedish exports to Norway in 1951 are to include industrial and electrical machinery, and various other commodities. * * OK * way concluded a supplementary commodity exchange agreement with Western Germany on July 20, 1951, at Bonn, Germany, a July 20 dispatch from the American Embassy at Oslo states. The agreement became effective upon the date of signature, and became part of the current trade agreement concluded between the two countries on November 1, 1950. Germany agreed to an expansion of Norwegian fishery products imports in ex- change for certain industrial chemicals and iron and steel products. The agreement will terminate on December 31, 1951. Supplementary German Imports of Norwegian Fishery Products ad Product Canned fish (incl. shellfish and shrimp) .cccccccccecvcce Whale Oise hardened eimitsislelaloleleleletol-lelelelalelolololelelslolelnieleleloisielelclele Peale SSCUCE Melelelelelelsieieieterelelslcleleietorsleletsicieteietelatelersisteistetatstelotetars Haiti yaaClG Sitatcteletelstolelelelelstelcletateteisisletcteleteiclelelolelelelelcletelatelststeterolale AWG CS tel etelelelelelsialelatetatetalcletoteleielelateletetelslololaleielelotateletelalaterslslolals SDCLMEOT Seralbic ye CONOM Sam Ceclslelslelelelslelsielelelalelelolalateloterototate rade List IIt: Fish oil refined © eo eee Bee ec ec es eco cesees cos eroe es esce se established for 1951 are as follows: September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 -Republic of the Philippines IMPORT LICENSES FOR ECA-FINANCED COMMODITIES ELIMINATED: The need for securing import licenses for ECA-financed commodities were eliminated by the following proc- lamation recently issued by the President of the Philippines: "Goods to be imported under ECA Procurement Authorizations shall not be licensed by the Import Control Commission. Appli- cants for such goods, however, should apply to any authorized agent of the Central Bank of the Philippines for the necessary letters of credit, the authorized agent concerned to apply in turn to the Central Bank of the Philippines for the covering Procurement Sub-Authorizations." Among the ECA procurement authorizations issued and for which dollar credits have been made available to the Central Bank is the sum of $260,000 to be used by the Philippines for the purchase of fish hooks and fish nets (suitable only for com- mercial purposes). Portugal FISHERMEN SIGN RADIO CONTRACT FOR NEWS SERVICE: Portugal's Gremios of Sardine operation of a network of radio stations to keep the fishing fleet informed of the latest fishing conditions, an August 14 American Embassy dispatch from Lisbon points out. The fishing boats will be informed of weather conditions, best fishing loca- tions, and market conditions at various ports. New radio stations are to be install- ed at Matosinhos, Peniche, Portimao, and Olhao, and provision has been made for the future installation of additional stations in other areas. The Gremios plan to make loans to equip fishing boats with two-way radios. Ok OK KO PORTUGUESE-DANISH COMMERCIAL AGREEMENT EXTENDED: The June 20, 1950, conmercial agreement between Portugal and Denmark has been revised and extended for a period of one year, commencing April 1, 1951, a June 20 report from the American Embassy at Lisbon states. Signed in Lisbon on June 5, 1951, the commodity lists of the extend- ed agreement have been revised to include one category of products in which the two countries will attempt to develop trade for their respective products beyond the de- sienated quotas. Under this category, Portugal is to export 500,000 Danish kroner (uS%72,400)1/worth of canned sardines among other products, while Denmark's exports will be comprised mainly of agricultural and finished goods. Another category of the revised commodity lists pertains to those products for which each country wishes to be assured of an adequate source of supply. This in- cludes the Portuguese assurance of 1,000 metric tons of fish meal and other unfinish- ed colonial and agricultural exports, and in return, Denmark has agreed to furnish certain medicines and products for the dairy industry. 1/CONVERSION FACTOR--1 DANISH KRONE EQUALS .1448 U.S. CENTS. ae, > 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 135, No. 9 Sweden — —._ ——_—— fish, according to the August 25 issue of The Fishing News, a British fishery pe- riodical. The new freezer is to be worked by a joint stock company with a capital of not less than £36,000 (US$100,000). Operation of the new plant is to start this year. a == 4 Tunisia which appeared in the July 31 edition of the Journal Officiel Tunisien, an August 13 dispatch from the American Consul at Tunis points out. This decree was designed to bring previously existing fishing rights into line with the increased importance of the Tunisian fishing industry. As defined by the new decree, maritime fishing includes salt-water fishing in the open sea, in bays and harbors, or in thetide-= waters of rivers. Boats only of French or Tunisian registry may fish in a reserved zone along the Tunisian coast. The reserved zone fixed by the decree is as follows: 1. From the Algerian-Tunisian frontier eas to Ras Kapoudia and around the adja- SSD UIN IS an cent islands, including that part of the sea between the low-water line and a parallel line three miles off- shore, except that the Gulf of Tunis, within a line extending from Cape Farina-Place Island-Zembra Island- Cape Bon is entirely within the zone. 2. From Ras Kapoudia to the Tunis-Algerian frontier, the zone also includes that part of the sea less than 50 meters (164 feet) deep. Fishing boats not of French or Tunisian registry found in this reserved zone will be taken into a Tunisian port for investigation. The decree also provides that all maritime fishing is subject to specific license and provides penalties for violators. It should further be noted that the reserved zone refers only to Tunisian coastal fishing rights and not to customs jurisdiction or to general Tunisian ter- ritorial waters. a a ee a September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 United Kingdom INTERNATIONAL WHITE FISH CONFERENCE: Great Britain has invited the Governments of countries exporting to and landing white fish in the United Kingdom to attend a conference to discuss the problem of market instability in the event of a serious oversupply of white fish in the future. This conference was foreshadowed by a July 4, 1950, government statement concerning the effects on the United Kingdom market of the then excessive supplies of cod and other "coarse" fish. The conference will open in London on September 17, according to an August 22 report from the American Embassy in London. NOTE: WHITE FISH MEANS FISH (FRESH OR PRESERVED) OF ANY KIND FOUND IN THE SEA, EXCEPT HERRING, ANY OF THE SALMON SPECIES, AND ANY SPECIES OF TROUT WHICH MIGRATE TO AND FROM THE SEA. * Ke KX K OK 1951 HERRING INDUSTRY SCHEME: Great Britain's Herring Industry Scheme 1951 made on August 10, 1951, will become effective on August 24, 1951. This Scheme is made with a view to better reorganize, develop, and regulate the herring industry. The new plan replaces the Schema in force under the Herring Industry Act, 19355, from which the Herring Industry Board derive their present powers. The new Scheme will not alter the existing constitution of the Board nor will it affect the provisions governing financial assistance from the Treasury to the industry, an August 21 report from the American Embassy at London points out. Ok OK Ok Ok augurated in July 1950 for six months, ending January 30, 1951, and extended for another six months to July 30 early in 1951) is to be continued until March 31, 1952. The British Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries announced this extension on July 26. Attached to the payment of the subsidy is a condition that statements of ac- count for the year 1951 will be submitted on similar lines to those required for 1950. There were also some minor changes in the scales of payment for vessels over 70 feet but under 140 feet in length, but as before there will not be a subsidy paid to vessels of 140 feet and over. The maximm subsidy payment varies from B10 (about US$28) to B12 (US$33.60) per day at sea or from 4100 (US$280) to £180 (US$504) for the voyage, and also varying according to the gross earnings of each voyage, the type and size of the vessel, and the fishing grounds. No subsidy is payable if gross earnings (including subsidy) reach or exceed either 845-95 (US$126-266) per day at sea or 450-1,710 (US$1,260- 4,788) for the voyage, depending on the type and size of the vessel and the fishing ounds. eee NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, MARCH 1951, P. 45; AUGUST 1950, PP. 59-60. = er. Union of South Africa WHALING INDUSTRY WORTH NEARLY US$11,000,000: The value of the whaling indus- try to the Union of South Africa is more than 3,900,000 (US$10,920,000), declared South Africa's Minister of Economic Affairs at the conference of the International Whaling Commission in Cape Town on July 23, 1951, according to an August 8 American Consular dispatch from that city. 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 9 It was pointed out that value of South Africa's production exceeded $3,600,000 (US$10,080,000) and that in addition, the catcher repair industry in Cape Townyield- ed £300,000 (US$840,000) yearly in harbor charges, repair costs, and sales of supply and equipment. South Africa's whale-factory ship, the Abraham Larsen, is reported to have pro- duced 162,000 barrels of whale oil, valued at 42,717,000 (US$7, 607,600) » while shore stations accounted for an additional 55,000 barrels. NOTE: CONVERS!ON RATE: 1 SOUTH AFRICAN POUND EQUALS uS$2.80. ce UrS-SaR: July 6 edition of Le Marin, a French marine weekly. The first 30 of the new trawl- ers are to be delivered during 1951. Yugoslavia EXTENSION OF ITALO-YUGOSLAV AGREEMENT ON FISHING IN YUGOSLAV WATERS BY ITALIAN FISHER- MEN: The Agreement of April 13, 1949, permit— ting Italian fishermen to fish in Yugoslav wa- ters (Adriatic Sea) was extended for one year when the Governments of Italy and Yugoslavia met and signed the extension in Belgrade on February 26, 1951. The extension will expire on April 30, 1952, according to a State Depart- | ment translation of the protocol consummated by these two countries. In exchange for these fishing rights, Italy will place at the disposal of the Yugoslav Gov—- ernment 600 million lire (about US$960,288). NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, AUGUST 1949, Po Slee * TUNISIA = tte OL ma ‘TAMPADUSA September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Department of Commerce NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY BASIC RULES OF THE PRIORITIES SYSTEM: Regulation 2 as amended September 13, 1951, states the basic rules of the priorities system to be administered by NPA. It states what kind of orders are rated orders, how to place them, and the pref erence status of such orders- These rules apply to all business transactions within the jurisdiction of NPA unless more specific regulations, orders, or di- rectives of NPA state otherwise. This particular amendment makes a number of changes throughout the order. ee ee There are a number of items not subject to this order, among which are in-=- cluded the following: (g) Fertilizer, commercial: In form for distribution to users. (h) Food, except in certain cases where used industrially: * In general, foods and other agricultural commodities and products are within the jurisdiction of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, but those which have industrial uses are within the jurisdiction of NPA when they lose their identity as food or agricultural commodities or products. The respective jurisdictions of the Depart- ment of Agriculture and NPA are described generally (and in certain cases, specifically) in an Agreement between the Production and Marketing Administration (Department of Agriculture) and NPA signed on March 30 and April 13, 1951, respectively (16 F. R. 3410), which agreement is referred to in NPA Delegation 10 of April 26, 1951 (16 F. R. 3669). The Agreement (reference to which should be made) does not attempt to list all foods and agricultural commodities and products which involve industrial uses but does cover the major items as to which there might be a question of jurisdiction. In general, the respective jurisdictions fall within the fol- lowing categories: (1) Commodities which are within the jurisdiction of the Department of Agricul- ture until they enter any manufacturing Process which results in their being neither food nor agricultural commodities or prod- ucts (certain examples of which are listed in the Agreement, such as egg products, fats, oils, grain and grain products, molasses, po- tatoes, spices, starches, sugar, and tartaric acid). 3 Under jurisdiction of the ‘Department of Agriculture—E. O. 10161, 15 F. R. 6105; E. O. 10200, 16 F. R. 61; DPA Del. 1, 16 F. R. 738. However, jurisdiction for certain functions regarding the production of fish- ery products has ment of the Interior. For details see: amended Sept. 13, 1951. xe KK * been redelegated by the Department of Agriculture to the Depart= NPA Reg- 2 (Basic Rules of the Priorities System), as MANUFACTURERS REQUESTED TO FILE FOR FIRST~QUAR 1952 ALLOTMENTS OF STEEL, COPPER, AND ALUMINUM: Application f forms for Sees 1952 allotments of steel, copper, and aluminum under the Controlled Materials Plan to manufacturers of standard types of industrial and household products were distributed by NPA early in September. These applications were to be filed by October 1, 1951. Manufacturers of all products listed in the third edition of the "Official CMP Class B Product List," dated September 1, must file applications for first- quarter 1952 allotments, with the exception of those manufacturers who filed for and received fourth-quarter 1951 allotments and advance allotments through the third quarter of 1952 from NPA field offices, small that they have never been required to file. and those whose requirements are so 4,6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 The Class B Product List covers all economically significant products manu- factured in the United States, except foods and animal and vegetable oils (under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, except that jurisdiction has been redelegated to the Department of the Interior Defenses Fisheries Administra- tion for certain functions regarding the production of fishery products) and to= bacco and petroleum products. The groups and products include a considerable number of commodities of interest to the fishery and allied industries. Advance allotments were grented to all manufacturers who filed for fourth- quarter 1951 allotments, but only those whose requirements for materials were minor, and who filed at NPA field offices, received firm advance allotments and therefore these are not required to refile- The symbol "X-3" was assigned to each of these allotments. In the case of manufacturers whose fcurthquarter allotments were large, and whose applications were processed in Washington, NPA has reserved the right to reduce or increase the tentative first quarter 1952 advance allotments. These changes, if any, will be made when the manufacturers file for first-quarter 1952 allotments. i Any manufacturer who received fourth-quarter allotments from NPA in Washing= ton is required to file for each quarter, even though he requests no allotment for that or any succeeding quarter. Failure to apply when instructed to do so will jeopardize a manufacturer's eligibility for future allotments. Application forms and instruction sheets explaining how CMP=-4B forms are to be filled out will be available at NPA field offices for any manufacturer who has not received nis forms by mail. The same forms are available for use by manufacturers who wish to request ad= ditional steel, copper, or aluminum during a quarter because of increased military or industrial demand for their products after the initial quarterly application has been made. For details see: NPA news release 1195 dated Sept. 10, and Product Assignment of Commerce field office or Washington, D. C. eK OK Ok OK PREFERENCE STATUS OF DELIVERY ORDERS UNDER CONTROLLED MATERIALS PLAN: CMP Regulation No. 3, as amended September 13, 1951, by the National Production Author- ity defines, under the Controlled Materials Plan, the preference status of delivery orders for controlled materials and delivery orders for products and materials other than controlled materials. For details see: NPA CMP Reg. 3 (Preference Status of Delivery Orders Under the Controlled Materials Plan), as amended Sept. 13, 1951. NOTE: FULL TEXTS OF MATERIALS ORDERS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY, WASH- INGTON 25, D. C. OR FROM ANY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE REGIONAL OR FIELD OFFICE. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Economic Stabilization Agency OFFICE OF PRICE STABILIZATION CANNED SALMON CEILING PRICES: Specifie dollars-and=-cents ceiling prices for canned salmon sales by canners were established by OPS when it issued Ceiling Price Regulation 65 (Ceiling Prices for Canned Salmon) on July 30, 1951- However, the canned Alaska red salmon ceiling prices were raised on August 30 by Amendment 1 to CPR 65. CPR 65—CEILING PRICES FOR CANNED SALMON Pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong.), Executive Order 10161 (15 F. R. 6105), and Economic Stabilization Agency General Order No. 2 (16 F. R. 738°, this Ceiling Price Regulation 65 is hereby issued. STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS This regulation establishes specific dollars-and-cents ceiling prices for sales of canned salmon by canners. The prices of most canned salmon items increased sharply during the pe- riod from June 1950 to January 25, 1951. These increases were occasioned by the abnormally short pack in 1950 and by the wave of speculative buying which followed the outbreak of war in Korea. Further price increases were arrested by the issuance of the General Ceiling Price Regulation on January 26, 1951. At the time of issuance it was recognized that the general price freeze was not well adapted to the long range control of prices in many parts of the economy. This is especially true with respect to canned salmon. Virtually all salmon is canned during the Spring and Summer months and, because of the short pack in 1950, many canners did not make sales during the General Ceiling Price Regulation base period of December 19, 1950, to January 25, 1951. Moreover, scattered sales during the base period established varied ceiling prices for dif- ferent sellers of identical items. Many packers, particularly in areas in which fish are canned during the early part of the season, will be forced to establish prices by using comparison commodities or adopting ceiling prices of competitors under sections 4 and 6 of the General Ceiling Price Regulation. Accordingly, orderly production and marketing of the 1951 pack will be facilitated by the estab- lishment of uniform prices for identical species and grades following the histori- cal pricing methods of the industry. Canned salmon constitutes the largest single fishery product of the Northwest and provides a major source of low- priced, high-protein food throughout the United States. The industry is sub- ject to peculiar conditions not common to other industries, such as severe limita- tions on natural supply and extreme seasonal variations in the availability of fish from year to year and among differ- ent localities. Consequently, it is desir- able to establish uniform ceiling prices at levels which are generally fair and The full text of CPR 65 follows: equitable if supplies of this essential food are to be made available at reasonable prices to the consumer. The scope of cannery operations for a given year must be determined several months in advance of the first sales, and on the basis of only very general esti- mates of unit costs. Since a substantial part of total operating and administra- tive expense represents fixed commit- ments, unit costs vary widely with the size of the pack. Once the canning sea- son is completed, virtually all costs may be regarded as fixed, and prices are de- termined on the basis of current and anticipated demand and the size of in- ventories held. Accordingly, it is the aim of this regulation to establish ceil- ing prices which will closely approximate normal competitive conditions directly in line with industry practice. This regulation establishes dollars- and-cents ceiling prices for those items customarily distinguished for pricing purposes by the industry. Uniform prices are established for each grade and specie, regardless of producing area, and the differentials among prices of differ- ent species and grades here established are more representative of the experi- ences of recent years than those frozen under the General Ceiling Price Regula- tion. Consideration has been given to various “‘specialty packs” which the in- dustry has traditionally distinguished in establishing market prices. The regula- tion preserves a normal average spread between raw fish prices and canned prices. The standards used in arriving at these ceiling prices were established by adding to the prices at which the bulk of the 1949 pack was sold those in- creased unit costs which are reasonably common to all producers of major items. These cost elements, which include can- ning labor, raw fish and packing ma- terials, and freight and warehousing, ac- count for a substantial part of the total cost of goods sold by representative can- ners. The prices at which the bulk of the 1949 pack was sold are used as the base for these ceiling prices since the composition of the 1949 pack was more representative of nornral operations than that experienced in 1950. The 1950 pack was the smallest in twenty years, primarily because of an unprecedented decline in the supply of Alaska Pinks in an “even” year when Puget Sound pro- duces very little of that species. The pack was completed shortly after the outbreak of war in Korea and the com- bined effect of short supply, speculative buying, and rumors of heavy military purchases resulted in an extraordinarily rapid rise in prices and decline in can- ner inventories. Moreover, the relative scarcity of Pinks produced ceiling prices for Pinks and Chums which are far out of line with those of other species. Additionally, for some species these adjusted prices have been increased slightly less than $1.00 per standard case. The price for Cohoes was held at the adjusted level in order to preserve a nor- mal relationship to the Red and Chinook prices which tend to govern it. Pinks were increased by $1.50 partly because estimated production in 1951 is substan- tially short of 1949 and partly because the price of Pinks was abnormally de- pressed during that year. For the most part these additional allowances have been made to recognize that 1949 prices for some species represented a decline from 1948 levels which resulted in rela- tively low earnings in 1949. This regulation provides different prices for Chinook or King canned in different localities, ranging in descend- ing order from the fancy Columbia River Chinook through the Alaska Chinook, Alaska King, and Puget Sound Chinook. These differences arise from the variance in the quality of fish at the time it is caught and, to a lesser degree, from special care in packing. These differen- tials have been established long since in the industry and were recognized in the canned salmon regulation (MPR 265) under the OPA. The same is true of Sockeyes and Reds packed in the Copper River and Puget Sound areas. Differentials which follow industry dis- tinctions have been recognized between flat and tall one pound cans. The amount packed in one pound flats is not significant. Half pound flats are priced at approximately 60 percent of prices for the same item in one pound talls. This figure conforms closely to free mar- ket quotations in post-war years. On the same basis the small quarter-pound packs are priced at approximately 55 percent of equivalent halves. A further allowance of $1.00 per case is permitted to provide the customary differential for hand-filled cans. Hand packing permits more careful packing and inspection of fish and is limited to relatively high- priced specialty items. In order to prevent indirect price in- creases by packing barbecued, smoked, kippered or otherwise processed salmon so as to obtain higher net returns, this regulation contains a provision which requires that prices of any canned sal- 48 mon item not specifically listed be priced in line with the prices of standard packs, and that such prices may only be estab- lished by application to the Office of Price Stabilization. The highly seasonal nature of the sal- mon industry requires that ceiling prices be established for each year’s pack as it comes to market. Consequently, this regulation establishes prices only for the 1951 pack and the small carry-over of the 1950 pack. Should the 1951 pack actually be abnormally large or small these ceiling prices will be promptly re- vised to refiect more accurately the changes in unit costs. In formulating this revised regulation, the Director of Price Stabilization has consulted with industry representatives to the extent practicable and has given full consideration to their reeommenda- tions. In his judgment the provisions of this regulation are generally fair and equitable and are necessary to effectuate the purposes of Tifle IV of the Defense Production Act of 1950. So far as practicable, the Director of Price Stabilization gave due considera- tion to the national effort to achieve maximum production in furtherance of the Defense Production Act of 1950; to prices prevailing during the period from May 24, 1950, to June 24, 1950, inclusive; and to relevant factors of general appli- cability. REGULATORY PROVISIONS Sec. 1. Coverage of this regulation. 2. Geographical applicability. 8. Definitions. 4. Ceiling prices for canned salmon sold by canners. Conditions and terms of sale. Records. Prohibitions. Penalties. OIA AvuTHorITY: Sections 1 to 8 issued under sec. 704, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong. Interpret or apply Title IV, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong., E. O. 10151, Sept. 9, 1950, 15 F. R. 6105; 3 CFR, 1950 Supp. SEcTION 1. Coverage of this regulation. This regulation establishes specific dol- lars-and-cents ceiling prices for the sale of all canned salmon by canners. These ceiling prices supersede those established by the General Ceiling Price Regulation. SEc. 2. Geographical applicability. The provisions of this regulation are applicable in the United States, its ter- ritories and possessions and the District of Columbia. SEc. 3. Definitions. (a) Terms used in this regulation, unless defined herein, or unless the context requires a different meaning, have the same meaning as when used in the General Ceiling Price Regulation. (b) For the purpose of this regulation, the terms enumerated below shall have the following meanings: (1) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other organized group of persons, the legal successor or representative of any oi the foregoing, and includes the United States, any agency thereof, any other government, or any of its political subdivisions, and any agency thereof. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (2) “Canner” means a person who preserves salmon by processing and sterilizing in hermetically sealed con- tainers. (3) “You” means any canner, as herein defined, his agents or employees or any other person acting in his behalf or under his control. (4) “Salmon” means any canned fish of the genus Oncorhynchus or of the species Salmo gairdnerii. (5) Species of Salmon are defined as follows: “Red” salmon includes Red, Blueback, Quinnault, Alaska Sockeye and Puget Sound Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka). “Coho” salmon includes Coho, Silver, and Silverside (Oncorhynchus kisutch). “Pink” salmon includes Pink and Humpback (Oncorhynchus garbuscha). “Chinook” salmon includes Chinook, Spring, King, Tyee, and Quinnat (On- corhynchus tschawytscha). “Chum” includes Chum and Dog (On- corhynchus Keta). (6) “Price per case’’ means the price for 48 cans of salmon, packed for ship- ment in the usual container. (7) Sizes of cans are defined as fol- lows: One pound “Tall” means a can 301 x 411. One pound “fiat” means a can 401 x 211. One-half pound “fiat’ means a can 307 x 201.25. One pound “oval” means a can 406 x 607-x 108 C. R. One-half pound “oval” means a can 309 x 515 x 103 C.R. One-half pound “flat” means a can 307 x 200.25 C. R. One-quarter pound “fiat” means a can 301 x 106 C. R. (8) “C. R.” is the abbreviation for Columbia River. (9) “Handpacked” means salmon which has been prepared for canning by hand and packed in the containers by hand. Sec. 4. Ceiling prices for canned sal- mon sold by canners. (a) The prices set forth below are ceiling prices per case of 48 cans f. o. b. car at Seattle, Wash- ington (or Everett or Bellingham, Wash- ington, or Astoria, Oregon), for salmon canned in territory outside the conti- nental United States and f. o. b. car at the chipping point nearest the cannery for salmon canned within the United States. For salmon canned in Alaska and sold for consumption in Alaska, the ceiling price shall be the price set forth below less the actual costs to ship it by water from the shipping point nearest the cannery in Alaska to Seattle; Wash- ington. Variety Sty leet gen reuilee [es Alaskaiikiin pea. = =e aes 1 pound talls____ $26.00 Alaska Chinook _ 1 pound flats____ 31.00 Dow ae Ys pound flats. __ 19. Alaska Reds 1 pound talls____ 29.00 Hos 1 pound flat_____ 30.00 D0 esas S22 \ pound flat____ 18.00 Vol. 13, No 9 Variety WA OIGo ae Ericelbes 1 pound tall 25. 1 pound fla 1% pound flat____ 4% pound flat____ 1 pound tall____- 1 pound flat____- 16 pound flat____ 44 pound flat____ 1 pound tall____- 14 pound flat 1 pound tal 1 pound fla = -| 19 pound flat____ ---| 1 pound tall_____ -| 14 pound flat____ 4% pound flat____ -| 1 pound tall_____ 1 pound flat_____ ¥ pound flat____ 1 pound flat_ 1 pound tall_____ 1 pound flat_____ -| 1 pound oval____ Vy pound flat____ 14 pound oval___ 14 pound flat ____ Bea ¥S HRUSSeH8Se oa RSeBEs GuSe ay! SUSSSunSss SSSSSZSSSSSSSSESvSSsussysss C.R. Chinook Choice_ 1 pound tall_____ Do --| 1 pound flat____- Do-- -| 9 pound flat___- Do~ 14 pound flat_ C.R.Ch 1 pound tall Do. 1 pound flat 3 Do Ys pound flat__ __ 12. Do .-| 4% pound flat___- 6. C.R. Chinook Unclassified] 1 pound tall_-__- 17. Do. 22 2 2eS ee 1 pound flat____- 18. 50 Donne 2m _-| ¥ pound flat____ 10. 50 . R. Silversides_ 1 pound tall_-__- 25. 00) D 26.00 15. 00. 14 pound flat _ 8.25 1 pound tall = 27. 50 1 pound flat____- 28. 50 _-| 14 pound flat. __- 16.00 _| 44 pound oval___ 19. 00 --| 4 pound flat____ 8.75 .-| ¥9 pound flat-__- 21.00 -| 44 pound flat. __- 11.50 1 pound tall____- 19.00 1 pound flat___-_ 20.00 1% pound flat - -_- 11. 50 (b) For hand-packed salmon, you may increase the ceiling prices established by paragraph (a) of this section by $1.00 per case. (c) For cases containing more than 48 cans, you may increase the ceiling prices established by paragraph (a) of this sec- tion proportionately to the additional number of cans per case. (d) For varieties, container sizes, or types and styles of pack of salmon not listed in paragraph (a), the ceiling price shall be a price determined by the Di- rector of Price Stabilization to be in line with the prices listed in paragraph (a). Such determination shall be made upon written request addressed to the Fish Branch, Office of Price Stabilization, Washington 25, D. C., showing the va- riety of salmon and style of container listed in section 4 (a) above to which the unlisted product is most similar and your price differential between the unlisted product and most similar listed product as of June 24, 1950 or the latest previous date on which both products were sold or offered for sale by you. You may not sell your product under this paragraph (d) until you receive written notification of the ceiling price which has been ap- proved for such product. Sec. 5. Conditions and terms of sale. The ceiling prices set forth in Section 4 of this regulation are gross prices and you must continue to apply all custom- ary delivery terms, discounts, allow- ances, guarantees and other usual and a — September 1951 customary terms and conditions of sale; except that in no instance shall the gross selling price of any item covered by this regulation exceed the ceiling price for such item as set forth in Sec- tion 4. Sec. 6. Records. If you sell canned salmon in the course of trade or busi- ness or otherwise deal therein, after the effective date of this regulation, you must preserve and keep available for examination by the Director of Price Stabilization for a period of two years, accurate records of each sale, showing: (1) The date of sale; buyer and of the seller; (2) The name and address of the (3) The price contracted for or re- ceived; (4) The quantity, the grade or brand, style of pack and container size. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Sec. 7. Prohibitions. On or after the effective date of this regulation, regard- less of any contract, agreement or other obligation, you shall not sell or deliver, and no person in the course of trade or business shall buy or receive any com- modity covered by this regulation at prices higher than those established by this regulation, and no person shall agree, offer, solicit, or attempt to do any of the foregoing. The price limitations set forth in this regulation shall not be evaded, whether by direct or indirect methods, in connection with any offer, solicitation, agreement, sale, delivery, purchase, or receipt of, or relating to any of the commodity covered by this regu- Jation, alone or in conjunction with any other commodity, or by way of any com- mission, service, transportation or other chargé, or discount, premium, or other NOTE: AMDT. 1 TO CPR 65. CEILING PRICES FOR PRIMARY DISTRIBUTORS OF CANNED SALMON: ALSO SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, AUGUST 1951, * eK ee PP. 59-61; a) privilege, or by tying-agreement or other trade understanding, or by changing the selection or style of processing or the canning, wrapping or packaging of the commodities covered by this regulation, or in any other way. Sec. 6. Penalties. Persons violating any provisions of this regulation are subject to the criminal penalties, civil enforcement actions and suits for dam- ages provided by the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended. Effective date. This regulation shall ‘become effective the 8th day of August 1951. Norte: The record-keeping requirements of this regulation have been approved by the Bureau of the Budget in accordance with the Federal Reports Act of 1942. MIcHAEL V. DISALLE, Director of Price Stabilization. JuLy 30, 1951. JULY 1951, PP. 68-9 FOR Ceiling prices for certain "primary distributors" of canned salmon were established by the Office of Price Stabilization with the issuance on September 20 of Supplementary Regulation 64 to the General Ceiling Price Regulation. "Primary distributors" as defined in this regulation are those who customarily buy from canners at a discount and sell to wholesalers, chain store warehouses, and at times to retailers. These distri- butors are controlled by the General Ceiling Price Regulation since they do not qualify as wholesalers under CPR 1, nor as canners under the definition in CPR 65, as emended. This supplementary regulation, which became effective on September 20, pro= vides that the ceiling price for the primary distributor shall be the ceiling price of the supplier (under CPR 65, as amended) from whom he buys, plus transportation costs by customary means of transportation to his usual receiving point. Therefore, this action permits the vrimary distributor to continue operations in the customary manner. The full text of SR 64 to GCPR follows: GCPR, SR 64—CEILING PRICES FOR PRI- MARY DISTRIBUTORS OF CANNED SALMON Pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, Executive Or- der 10161 (15 F. R. 6105), and Economic Stabilization Agency General Order No. 2 (16 F. R. 738), this Supplementary Regulation 64 to the General Ceiling Price Regulation is issued. STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS This supplementary regulation estab- lishes ceiling prices for certain distrib- utors of canned salmon, who customarily buy from canners and sell to wholesalers, chain store warehouses, and at times to retailers. These “primary distributors” are controlled by the General Ceiling Price Regulation since they do not qual- ify as wholesalers under CPR 14, nor as canners under the definition set forth in CPR 65 (Canned Salmon), as amend- ed. Since SR 29, which provides a pass- through for distributors whose suppliers’ ceilings are raised, does not apply to CPR 65, primary distributors of can- ned salmon whose suppliers’ ceilings are raised can not reflect such increases in their ceiling prices at the present time. Primary distributors sell to the same buyers to whom canners sell directly. Therefore, they must necessarily sell at prices competitive with the canner’s mar- ket price at any giventime. Actual mar- ket quotations show that this is true historically. The profit of the primary distributor comes from the fact that he is able, as a rule, to purchase from can- ners at a discount, which the canner is willing to allow because such sales are usually of large quantities, and the can- ner’s distributions costs and credit risks are thereby minimized. Accordingly, this supplementary reg- ulation provides that the ceiling price 50 for the primary distributor shall be the ceiling price of the supplier from whom he buys, plus transportation cost by the customary means of transportation to his usual receiving point. This action will permit the primary distributor to continue to operate in the customary manner. In the formulation of this supplemen- tary regulation, special circumstances have rendered impractical prior consul- tation with the trade; however, the pro- visions of this supplementary regula- tion incorporate the informal recom- mendations of representatives of sub- stantial segments of the industry. In the judgment of the Director of Price Stabilization the provisions of this sup- plementary regulation are generally fair and equitable and are necessary to ef- fectuate the purpose of Title IV of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended. So far as practicable, the Director of Price Stabilization gave due considera- tion to the national effort to achieve maximum production in furtherance of the objective of the Defense Production , Act of 1950 as amended; to prices pre- vailing during the period from May 24, 1950 to June 25, 1950, inclusive; and to relevant factors of general applicability. REGULATORY PROVISIONS Sec. 1. What this supplementary regulation does. 2. Ceiling prices for primary distributors of canned salmon. _a “primary distributor”, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3. Definitions. 4. Incorporation of GCPR provisions. AuTHORITY: Sections 1 to 4 issued under sec. 704, 64 Stat. 816, as amended; 50 U.S. C. App. Sup. 2154. Interpret or apply Title IV, 64 Stat. 803, as amended; 50 U. S. C. App. Sup. 2101-2110, E. O. 10161, Sept. 9, 1950, 15 F. R. 6105; 3 CFR, 1950 Supp. Section 1. What this supplementary regulation does. This supplementary regulation modifies General Ceiling Price Regulation ceiling prices for “primary distributors” of canned salmon covered by Ceiling Price Regulation 65, as amended, to preserve the customary Margin of profit of such “primary dis- tributors’’ in the event of changes in their suppliers’ ceiling prices, because of CPR 65, as amended. SEc. 2. Ceiling prices for primary dis- tributors of canned salmon. If you are as defined in this supplementary regulation, of canned sal- mon covered by CPR 65, as amended, your ceiling price for any item of such canned salmon shall be the ceiling price of your supplier, as established by CPR 65, as amended, plus your actual ‘“‘trans- portation cost’, as defined in this supple- mentary regulation, by your usual and customary means of transportation, to your “usual receiving point’’, as defined in this supplementary regulation. Sec. 3. Definitions. (a) The terms used in this supplementary regulation shall, unless defined herein, or unless the context requires a different meaning, have the same meaning as when used in eke KK jdistributor of canned salmon” Vol. 13, No. 9 the General Ceiling Price Regulation, as amended, and in Ceiling Price Regulation 65 (Canned Salmon), as amended. (b) For the purpose of this supple- mentary regulation, the terms set forth below are defined as follows: (1) “Primary distributor” or “primary means any person who prior to the effective date of this supplementary regulation was engaged in the business of buying canned salmon from a canner or canners, for resale to wholesalers, chain stores, and/or retailers and who is not covered by Ceiling Price Regulation 14, 15 or 16. (2) “Transportation cost” means all transportation charges usually and cus- tomarily paid by you, except iocal truck- ing and local unloading. (3) “Usual receiving point” means the warehouse at which you generally receive canned salmon shipments and from which you generally supply your cus- tomers. Sec. 4. Incorporation of GCPR pro- visions. All provisions of the General Ceiling Price Regulation which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this supplementary regulation are incorpo- rated herein by reference. Effective date. This supplementary regulation shall become effective Sep- tember 20, 1951. MICHAEL V. DISALLE, Director of Price Stabilization. SEPTEMBER 20, 1951. MISCELLANEOUS AMENDMENTS TO GROUP 1 AND 2 RETAIL FOOD STORES CEILING PRICE REGULATION: amendment 6 to CPR 16 (Ceiling Prices of Certain Foods Sold at Retail in Group 1 and Group 2 Stores) issued on August 22 permits Group 1 stores to re= classify to Group 2; provides a basis for pricing special promotion joint sales; extends the date of filing adjustment applications by "specialty" retailers; and corrects the commodity definition of canned meat and typographical errors in the regulation. For details see; 1951. SOUPS CEILING PRICE REGULATION INCIUDES FISH SOUPS: KK OK OK CPR 16, Amdt. 6 (Miscellaneous Amendments), dated Aug. 22, A regulation establishing methods for determining ceiling prices for sales by processors of canned and frozen soups (including fish and seafood soups and bisques) was issued by the Office of Price Stabilization on September 28. This regulation (Ceiling Price Regulation 75-- Ceiling Prices for Certain Processed Soups) covers all kinds of soups, except dried soup and soup mixes and soup sold as "baby" or "junior" soups. To determine a ceiling price for an item each processor calculates his weighted average sales price, called the "base price," for each item sold during the "base period"--July 1, 1949 to August 31, named in the regulation which covers cost increases for cans, cases, direct labor (For condensed fish and seafood soups packed in No. 1949- This base price is increased by a factor labels, and 3 cylinder or larger cans multiply the base price by 1.022 and for other size cans by 1-025; for September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 all ready-to=serve soups packed in all types and size cans multiply the base price by 1-038). This resulting figure is then adjusted for changes in "ingredient" cost other than raw vegetable cost, if any, occurring between 19/9 and 1951. Finally if there are vegetables in the soup, the processor figures the "raw vegetable" ad- justment. The processor's f.o-b. factory ceiling price is thus his base price ad- justed for changes in costs since the base period of packaging materials, direct labor, ingredients, and raw vegetables. To meet the particular needs of the soup industry, the regulation also pro= vides a pricing method for figuring ceiling prices on a "uniform price line" basis. In addition, the regulation employs a formula whereby the processor who is also a wholesaler or a retailer figures his weighted average sales price during the base period as a wholesaler or as a retailer, as the case may be, and then divides this weighted average price by the appropriate wholesale or retail markup named inCPR 14, or CPR 15. Then total transportation costs are deducted, which results in a price comparable to f.o.b. factory base prices of other soup processors who sell only to wholesalers. The processor then computes his f.o.b. factory price under the main pricing method or under the price-line provisions. The price so computed is then used by the processor as equivalent to the amount he paid his supplier in comput-~ ing his ceiling prices for sales at wholesale under CPR 1), or at retail under CPR 15. Although frozen soups were not generally produced during the base period, they are included in this regulation. Processors of such frozen soups cannot use the general pricing provisions, but must apply for individual authorization of ceiling prices under section 6 of the regulation. For details see: CPR 75 (Ceiling Prices for Certain Processed Soups), issued Sept. 28, 1951. **e KK K Sold in Puerto Rico) was reinstated on August 1 by OPS. Originally issued June 29, this regulation was suspended July 19 pending Congressional action on amendments to the National Defense Act. Therefore, ceiling prices for salted codfish in Puerto Rico are reestablished by this reinstatement. Designed to cover other food products sold in Puerto Rico, to date the regulation effects only codfish- The effective date was August 13, 1951. For details see: CPR 51, Reinstatement (Food Products Sold in Puerto Rico), dated July 30, 1951. NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, JULY USS) ARS Wile ee KK EXPORT PRICE CONTROL: Price control on export commodity sales was instituted by OPS on July 30 with the issuance of Ceiling Price Regulation 61 (Exports). In general, ceiling prices on export sales, according to the provisions of this order, are determined on the basis of domestic ceiling prices, plus exportation costs, and plus the same percentage markup obtained on deliveries between January 1, 1949, and June 30, 1950. For details see; CPR 61 (Exports), dated July 30, 1951. NOTE: FULL TEXTS OF PRICE ORDERS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE OFFICE OF PRICE STABILIZATION, WASH- INGTON 25, D. €., OR FROM THE REGIONAL OFS OFFICE IN YOUR AREA. d 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD NEW POLICY ON COST=OF-LIVING INCREASES; A new policy on the relation of wage rates to Changes in the cost of living was issued by the Wage Stabilization Board on August 24. This revised regulation (GWR 8 Cost-of-Living Increases) was issued to carry out a Board policy resolution adopted unanimously on August 2 and approved by the Economic Stabilization Administrator to be effective until March 1, 1952. Certain cost-of-living increases in wages and salaries are permitted without prior Board approval. For details see; GWR 8 (Cost-of-Living Increases), dated Aug- 23, 1951. Interstate Commerce Commission OPS PROTESTS LCL PICK=UP AND DELIVERY CHARGES: The Office of Price Stabili= zation on August 31 protested to the Interstate Commerce Commission the imposition of new charges (10-37 cents per 10C pounds depending on certain minimums) for pick= up and delivery services on freight moving on less-than=carload and any=quantity rates within Eastern territory. fhe OPS protests calls the proposed charges "arbitary, unreasonable and dis= criminatory," and asks that the tariffs establishing the charges be suspended pending an investigation by the I.C.C., and a full public hearing in the matter. Since 1935, less-than-carload and any-quantity traffic class rates generally have included pick-up and delivery service as well as line=haul transportation service. The proposed elimination of pick-up and delivery services from the pub= lished rate, and establishment of separate plus charges for such service on ship= ments moving less than 300 miles within Official Territory and on all shipments moving inter=-territorially having either origin or destination in Official Terri- tory is tantamount to an increase in such class rates, the OPS said. Territory which would be affected by the proposed charges includes that por= tion of the United States north of the Ohio and Potomac Rivers and East of the Mississippi River, except the Northern Peninsula of Michigan, the states of Wis= consin and Minnesota, and that portion of the State of Illinois lying North of and West of a line drawn from Chicago to East St. Louis, Illinois. Arguing that imposition of the charges would be arbitrary, unreasonable and discriminatory not only as between shippers and shipments, but also as between localities, the OPS protest says: "\— THE COMMISSION (1CC) SHOULD PERMIT THE RAILROADS! TARIFF TO GO INTO EFFECT, THEREBY AUTHORIZING THE COLLECTION OF ADDITIONAL CHARGES FOR PI CK- UP AND DELIVERY SERVICE IN EASTERN OR OFFICIAL TERRITORY, RAIL CARRIERS IN THE OTHER TERRITORIES WILL BE PROMPT TO FOLLOW THE LEAD OF THE EASTERN TER- RITORY AND WILL F!LE SIMILAR TARIFFS AT AN EARLY DATE. "THIS WILL SURELY CONSTITUTE AN IRRESISTIBLE INVITATION TO NON-RAIL CAR- RIERS THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES TO MAKE UPWARD REVISIONS IN THEIR FREIGHT TARIFFS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE TERR: TOR!ES AS SOON AS OPPORTUNITY PERMITS. "THE NET RESULT WILL BE A WIDESPREAD INCREASE IN THE COST OF FREIGHT TRANS- PORTATION IN ADDITION TO THE SURCHARGES ALREADY APPROVED BY THE COMMISS1ON IN EX PARTE NO. 175. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW f 53 "THUS , FAILURE OF THE COMMISSION TO SUSPEND THE I{STANT SCHEDULE MAY VERY WEL!. RESULT IN A MATERIAL:AND NATION-WIDE INFLATIONARY INCREASE IN, THE COST OF TRANSPORTING THE NATION'S PRODUCTS IN LESS-THAN-CARLOAD LOTS. The Interstate Commerce Commission has since announced that charges on inter= territorial shipments, but not on Eastern Territory intraterritorial shipments up to 30C miles, have been suspended. A hearing on these LCL pick-up and delivery charges (Docket I & S 5960) was scheduled for October 23 at Washington, D. C. ws Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE STATES APPORTIONED FEDERAL=AID FUNDS FOR FISH RESTORATION: Spert fishermen will benefit from the $2,929,250 collected during fiscal year -195land apportioned to the 48 States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands for fish restoration, the Secretary of the Interior announced on September 20. Of this amount, $2,574,910-71 is for use by the 48 States in their fish projects. This collection is the result of the Federal Aid to the States in Fish Restora= tion Act (similar to the highly successful Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937, known as the "Pittman=Robertson Act"), which was approved by the President on August 9, 1950. Also known as the "Dingell-Johnson Act," its funds to finance the Government's share of cooperative fishery work are obtained from the 10=percent excise tax on fishing rods, reels, creels, and artificial lures, baits, and flies. This income will be appropriated annually by the Congress, then allotted to the 48 States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. To provide a fair distribution, each State's share is based on the relation of the number of its fishing license holders to the total in all States, and the ratio of each State's area (including coastal and Great Lakes waters) to the area of the entire country. Also provided are the annual apportionments of $75,000 to Alaska, $25,000 to Hawaii, and $10,000 each to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. It is stated, too, "that no State can receive less than one percent nor more than five percent of the total apportioned to all States." This provision allows the small States enough working capital to finance comparatively big projects, while the large States will be able to receive the maximum amount only. As in the case of the Pittman=Robertson Act, the one-year-old law enables the States, through their fish ani game departments, to select appropriate fishery restoration and management projects. Work on these will be done by State-employed personnel. The State is authorized to receive 75 percent of the total cost of work done. Lands purchased, buildings or structures erected, and all equipment purchased will belong to the State. After July 1, 1953, up to 25 percent of annual apportionments may be expended for maintenance of completed projects. The maximum single State apportionment of $128,745-53 will be available to California, Michigan, and Minnesota, while the minimum of $25,749.11 will go to Connecticut, Delaware, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshirs, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Vermont (see table on the following page). 5h COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 State Ailabamas'«-sciece 30,614. 26,784. 99, aE 19,854.82 Melegiodgdqdecod 40,656. 255749- 61,043- 30 Arkansas.......-.-- 41,540- Massachusetts...- 25,749: 55,768-25 California-...-... 128,745: Michigan 128,745-5 Pennsylvania 78 655-97 Colorado......... 60,154. Minnesota 128,745: Rhode Islend 25,749-11 Connecticut-...--. 25,749: Mississippi 30,189- South Carolina... 25,998-43 Delaware-....--+- 25,749: Missouri 80,830. South Dakota 36,769-11 Muloridias cele « e 47,194- Montana 61,819. Tennessee 68 ,972-43 Georeliacjietisiiet fi 28,778- Nebraska 4, ,703- 113,086.16 TAAn On ery era alsin 4 ,639- 35,934- 35,327-19 TAM Sei clere «ace 87,396- New Hampshire.... 25,749: 25,749-11 IGlEMAGocdoUCOOD 69,531- New Jersey 25,749: Virginia 40,607.42 WOME sagoadon00dG 52,284. New Mexico 45,986. Washington 65,433-80 Kansas: 49,714- New York 83 ,213- West Virginia.... 37 5289-79 Kentucky..-...--- hi, 653- North Carolina... 42,051.6 Wisconsin 117,995-75 Louisiana........- 25,749-11 North Dakota 27,015. Wyoming = L cate = Department of State SIXTH SESSION OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO GATT CONVENES: The Sixth Session of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on “Tariffs and Trade (GATT) convened at Geneva, Switzerland, on September 17, the U. S. Department of State announced. Under the provisions of the General Agreement the representatives of the Con= tracting Parties meet from time to time for the purpose of facilitating the opera=- tion and furthering the objectives of the Agreement. A detailed agenda for the Sixth Session will be adopted at the opening of the meeting. Among the items which will be considered are the strengthening of the administration of the General Agreement, a review of restrictions applied for balance of payment reasons, and other problems relating to the application of the Agreement. As was announced on July 31, the Contracting Parties will also consider at the Sixth Session the proposal of the United States that all obligations between it and Czechoslovakia by virtue of the provisions of the Agreement be suspended or terminated. The First Session of the Contracting Parties was held at Habana, February 28=- March 24, 1948; the Second Session at Geneva, August 16-September 14, 1948; the Third Session at Annecy, France, April 8=August 13, 1949; the Fourth Session at Geneva, February 23-April 4, 1950; and the Fifth Session at Torquay, England, No-= vember 2=December 16, 1950. The United States delegation to this Sixth Session was also announced and consists of specialists and advisers from the Departments of State, Agriculture and Commerce, and the Economic Cooperation Administration. x eK eK * AUSTRIA SIGNS TORQUAY PROTOCOL TO GATT: The Department of State has been in- formed that the Government of Austria on September 19 signed the Torquay Protocol to the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade. Under the provisions of the pro- tocol Austria will become a contracting party to the General Agreement on October 19, thirty days after signing the protocol. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Austrian concessions initially negotiated with the United States at Torquay will become effective on the same date, as will those United States concessions initially negotiated with Austria which have heretofore been withheld. Austrian concessions negotiated with the United States at Torquay apply to products of which Austria's imports from this country in 1949 were valued at about $58,000,000. United States concessions negotiated with Austria included reduc- tions and bindings of duties. At Torquay, Austria granted concessions to other countries which will apply also to products of the United States. The Austrian concessions included reduc= tions and bindings in duties, and bindings of duty-free treatment. No changes in U- S. tariffs for fishery products will result from this ac= tion. Kk Ok OK OK PERU SIGNS TORQUAY PROTOCOL TO GATT: The Government of Peru, on September 7, 1951, “signed ed the Torquay Protocol to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, according to information obtained from the Department of State. Under the provisions of the protocol, Peru will become a contracting party to the General Agreement 30 days after signature of the protocol, or on October 7, 1951. Peru thus becomes the second of the countries which negotiated at Torquay for accession to the agreement to become a contracting party. The Federal Re= public of Germany signed the protocol on September 1. The concessions negotiated between the United States and Feru at Torquay cover a much wider scope than did the 1942 bilateral agreement between the two countries, which will be superseded by the General Agreement upon Peru's accession. Also, under the provisions of the agreement, each country will benefit from concessions made by the other country to still other countries as well as by the concessions initially negotiated between them. Among the modifications in United States import duties, becoming effective on October 7, are the following fishery items: U.S. TARIFF | STAT. CLASS. COMMODi TY DESCRIPT1ON PAR. NO. | (1949 i (ABBREVIATED) eet la Rag ene é BEFORE TORQUAY [AFTER TORQUAY AGREEMENT ___| AGREEMENT 718(A) FISH, PREPARED OR PRE- | SERVED IN ANY MANNER, WHEN PACKED IN OIL OR IN O|L AND OTHER SUB- STANCES: ) BONITO AND YELILOWTAIL 0066.000 VALUED NOT OVER 9¢ PER Le. 1 30-4/5% 22% 0066.100 VALUE OVER 9¢ PER LB. Zillaemaoees 15% INCLUDING WEIGHT OF IMMEDIATE CONTA!NER Concessions in fishery items in Peruvian import tariffs, obtained as a result of Peru becoming a party to the General Agreement and which are scheduled to be- come effective upon accession of Peru and the other contracting parties to the agreement, are listed on the following page (the new rates of imports into Peru are given). 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 PERUVIAN COMMODITY DESCRIPTION RATE OF DUTY TARIFF NO. (ABBREVIATED) AFTER TORQUAY 66 SMOKED HERRINGS 0.50 SOLES PER GROSS KILOGRAM PLUS 12-1/2% OF C.1.F. VALUE 68 FISH, DRIED AND SALTED (KLIPFISH) SAME AS ABOVE 80 SHRIMPS, CRABS, AND SPINY LOBSTERS, | 1.20 SOLES PER GR. KG. PLUS 12-1/2% PREPARED IN ANY FORM OF C.1.F. VALUE 367 COD-LIVER OIL, EVEN REFINED FREE PLUS 10-1/2% OF C.1.F. VALUE 365 WHALE OIL, REFINED 0.40 SOLES PER GR. KG. PLUS 12-1/2% OF C.1.F. VALUE 366 WHALE OIL, UNREFINED 0.25 SOLES PER GR. KG. PLUS 12-1/2% OF C.1.F. VALUE 2608 FISH HOOKS 2.40 SOLES PER LEGAL KG. PLUS 12-1/2% OF C.1.F. VALUE NOTE: ONE PERUVIAN SOL EQUALS 6.69 U.S. CENTS. * Kk kK XK "THE STORY OF MENHADEN" SELECTED BY EDINBURGH FESTIVAL FOR SHOWING AND CERTI= FICATE: Anew U- S. Fish and Wildlife Service educational film, The Story of Menhaden, was among the four United States Government films selected by the Fifth International Edinburgh Film Festival for showing and awards of certificates. While the Festival, which was held at Edinburgh, Scotland, from August 19 to Sep- tember 9, is non-competitive and no prizes were given, selection for screening is considered an award in itself. This 16=mm. sound and color motion picture depicts the method of fishing for menhaden, plant processing, and the ultimate uses of menhaden meal, oil, and sol- ubles in the feeding of hogs and poultry; in preparing fortified vitamin oils; and the use of the oil as a lubricant of machinery, in aluminum casting, in leather tenning, and in paints, varnishes, insect sprays, printing inks, and soap. This same film was also selected by the Department of State for competitive display at the 12th International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art held in Venice, Italy, from August 8 to 18. NOTE: SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, JUNE 1951, P. 44, Tariff Commission TARIFF COMMISSION ANNOUNCES INVESTIGATION OF FRESH AND FROZEN GROUNDFISH FILLETS: An investigation to determine whether or not imports of fresh and fro= zen groundfish (including ocean perch) fillets threaten serious injury to the do- mestic fishing industry producing these or directly competitive products has been announced by the U-. S. Tariff Commission. The full text of the notice as issued by the Commission follows: . "PUBLIC NOTICE INVESTIGATION INSTITUTED GROUNDFISH FILLETS "| NVEST1GATION NO. S UNDER SECTION 7, TRADE AGREEMENTS EXTENSION ACT OF 1951 "UPON APPLICATION MADE SEPTEMBER 10, 1951, BY THE MASSACHUSETTS FISHER- IES ASSOCIATION, INC., AND OTHERS, THE UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION ON THE 17TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1951, UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION 7 OF THE TRADE AGREEMENTS EXTENSION ACT OF 1951, APPROVED JUNE 16, 1954, AND SECTION 332 OF September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 i/ THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930, INSTITUTED AN INVESTIGATION TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PRODUCT DESCRIBED BELOW 1S, AS A RESULT, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OF THE DUTY OR OTHER CUSTOMS TREATMENT REFLECTING THE CONCESS!10NS GRANTED ON SUCH PRODUCT UNDER THE GENERAL AGREEMENT OF TARIFFS AND TRADE, BEING |IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN SUCH INCREASED QUANTITIES, EITHER ACTUAL OR RE- LATIVE, AS TO CAUSE OR THREATEN SERIOUS INJURY TO THE DOMESTIC !INDUSTRY PRODUCING LIKE OR DIRECTLY COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS. TARIFF ACT OF 1930 PAR. 717(B) DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT COD, HADDOCK, HAKE, POLLOCK, CUSK, AND ROSEFISH, ALL THE FOREGOING, FRESH OR FROZEN (WHETHER OR NOT PACKED IN 1CE), FILLETED, SKINNED, BONED, SLICED, "OR DIVIDED INTO PORTIONS. ' "| NSPECTION OF APPLICATION--THE APPLICATION IS AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION AT THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMIS- SION, EIGHTH AND E STREETS, NW, WASH | NGTON 25, D.C., AND |N THE NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE TARIFF COMMISSION, LOCATED IN ROOM 437 OF THE CUSTOM HOUSE, WHERE IT MAY BE READ AND COPIED’ BY PERSONS INTERESTED. "y CERTIFY THAT THE ABOVE INVESTIGATION WAS INSTITUTED BY THE TARIFF COMMISSION ON THE 17TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1951 - /S/ DONN N. BENT, SECRETARY” a Eighty-Second Congress (First Session) AUGUST 1951 Listed below are public bills and resolutions introduced and referred to com= mittees, or passed by the Eighty-Second Congress (First Session) and signed by the President, that affect in any way the fisheries and allied industries. Public bills and resolutions are shown in this section only when introduced and if passed when they are signed by the President. The more pertinent reports, hearings, or chamber actions on some of the bills shown in this section from month to month are also listed. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED: - Defense Production Act of 1950 Amendment: S- 2092 (Maybank ) = A bill to amend the Defense Production Act of 1956, as emended; to the Com- mittee on Banking and Currency. Social Security Coverage for Fishermen: S- 2069 (Magnuson) = A bill to extend coverage under the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance System to employees performing services in the catching, taxing,harvesting, cultivating, or. farming of any kind of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life; to the Committee on Finance. Shrimp Import Duty: H- R- 5168 = A bill to provide for an ad valorem duty on the importation of shrimp; to the Committee on Ways and Means. CHAMBER ACTIONS: President's Message Asking for Stronger De- fense Production Act: Message from President recommending legislation to amend and strengthen the Defense Production Act of 1950 was received in the Senate on August 23 and referred to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Collisions at Sea; 5013, to authorize the President to at 2 eee for pre- venting collisions involving waterborne craft upon the high seas and in waters connected there- with was reported to the House (H- Rept- 807)- BILLS SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT: amending and extending for 1 year the Deroncanay Production Act of 1950. Signed July 31, 1951 (2: L 96)- 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 LANDINGS AND RECEIPTS In Millions MAINE - LANDINGS NOT INCLUDING IMPORTS 807—— = > CUMULATIVE DATA TOW) 7 mgs. 1951 - v 1950 - 1950 - Go) ——— JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. NEW YORK CITY-RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH SALT-WATER MARKET CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1951 - 130.4 9, 1950 - 133.1 12 1950 - 174.0 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. GULF - SHRIMP LANDINGS HEADS OFF - FOR ALL USES 12.0— a = t ATIVE DATA | 10.5 | 9 MPS. 1951 - 51.8 9 |, 1950 - 40.4] j 12 1950 - 59.1] isin ae ee JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEG. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE In Thousands CALIFORNIA - PILCHARD LANDINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 4 Mgs. 1951/5 4 19 2 SEASON - 90.0} SEASON -154.9 /51 SEASON -355.0 a - JULY AUG. SEPT, OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE of Pounds i MASSACHUSETTS - LANDINGS BOSTON , GLOUCESTER , NEW BEDFORD , & CAPE COD “CUMULATIVE DATA 8 M9S. 1951 - 8 1950 - 12 1950 - JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. CHICAGO - RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH WHOLESALE MARKET SEES fae areas | ] 9 M9S. 1951 - 73.5 9 4 1950 - 78.9 1950 -107.0 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. SEATTLE - RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH WHOLESALE MARKET , LANDINGS , & IMPORTS CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MgS. 1951 - 66.7 1950 - 64.9 1950 - 88.9 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. Tons CALIFORNIA- TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH vs CUMULATIVE DATA JAN. FEB. MAR, APR. MAY. QINE JULY AUG, SEPT. COT. NOV. DEC. oe a ey re Ol September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS In Millions of Pounds U.S. & ALASKA - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH U.S. & ALASKA - FREEZINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MPS. 1951 - 256.8 9 ,, 1950 - 220.6 12 1950 - 287.2 ve) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. p NEW ENGLAND - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH NEW: YORK CITY - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH 80r : JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. CHICAGO - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH GULF - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH S) Onu Ff a oD VN @ Oo JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA - - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH CALIFORNIA - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13. No. 9 CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands MAINE - SARDINES , ESTIMATED PACK CUMULATIVE DATA 1950 -1557.0 1950 ~3844.2 MQS. 1951 - 228.6 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. CALIFORNIA - TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH 1,237.4 CUMULATIVE DATA JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 510 CALIFORNIA - MACKEREL oa a (See 9 MQS. 1951 - 689.0 3504 Hoo | 1950 -1034.3 iz 1950 - 1359.2 300; 250/- sai . 1951 - 614.0 1950 - 201.4 1950 - 768.5 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. of Standard Cases UNITED STATES - SHRIMP ~ CUMULATIVE DATA 1951/52 SEASON, JULY-SEPT. = 1950/51 SEASON, TOTAL _JULY-JUNE=817.0§) JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE arses - PILCHARDS CUMULATIVE DATA 1951/52 SEASON i AUG.-SEPT. - «-'187.3 200 1950/51 SEASON, AUG.-SEPT. - 160.9 1950/51 SEASON i 1200 JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE ALASKA - SALMON CUMULATIVE DATA To ocT. 6, 1951 - 3,473.6 TO SEPT.30,1950 - 3,217.24 TOTAL 1950 s * PRELIMINARY JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. STANDARD CASES Variety No.Cans Can Designation Net. Wgt. SARDINES 100 1/4 drawn 3 V4 oz. SHRIMP 48 —_— 5 oz. TUNA 48 No. 1/2 tuna 7 oz. PILCHARDS 48 No.1 oval 15 oz. MACKEREL 48 No. 300 15 oz. SALMON 48 _—1-pound tall 16 oz. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 PRICES , IMPORTS and BY-PRODUCTS: BOSTON - WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRICE ON NEW ENGLAND FISH EXCHANGE IN ¢ PER POUND ——————————— CUMULATIVE DATA Ss. 1951 - 7.93} 1950 - 7.98] 1950 - 7.86) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. In Millions U.S. - IMPORTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FILLETS OF GROUND FISH, INCLUDING. ROSEFISH CUMULATIVE DATA ! 9 mgs. 1951 - 1950 - 1950 - 66 8) -on 6 2 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. In Millions flog Z U.S.- IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND _TUNA-LIKE FISH EEE a a atunoe nal 8 MQS. 1951 - 9. fe , 1950 as 12 1950 -44. *PRELIMINARY 4 int te) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. U.S. & ALASKA - PRODUCTION OF FISH MEAL 4 IN THOUSANDS OF TONS 0 : CUMULATIVE DATA_ 35d 7 Hgs. 1951 - 99.5 7 , 1950 - 91.0 12 1950 -218.5 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. MAINE - IMPORTS OF FRESH SEA HERRING IN MILLIONS OF POUNDS CUMULATIVE DATA 24 8 Ms. 1951 - 8.0 2l 8 | 1950 -14.1 12 1950 -39.2 18 15 12 Ne es Leneahiancaenes Se, 2 : z —- {o) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. Pounds U.S.- IMPORTS OF FRESH AND FROZEN SHRIMP FROM MEXICO "CUMULATIVE DATA 8 mMQS. 1951 - 22.8 1 8 , 1950 - 20.4 12 1950 - 39.7 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. Pounds U.S IMPORTS OF CANNED SARDINES ieisx ( Include in oil and not in oil ) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1951 - 18.8° 8 1950 - 17.3" 12__"__1950 - 30.4° “PRELIMINARY JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. U.S. & ALASKA - PRODUCTION OF FISH OIL _IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS +.) CUMULATIVE DATA r 7 MS. 1951 - 8.5 7 , %41950-7.0 12 1950 -22.1 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 Recent publications of interest to the commercial fishing industry are listed FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: WASH- CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES AND IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SSR.-FISH - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERSES (LIMITED below. DIVISION OF INFORMATION, U. S. INGTON 25, D. C. CFS = ALASKA. SL =- STATISTICAL SECTION LISTS OF DEALERS DISTRIBUTION. Number Title CFS-660 - Florida Landings, May 1951, 4 p- CFS-663 - Frozen Fish Report, July 1951, 10 p.- CFS-665 - Texas Landings, June 1951, 4, p- CFS-666 = Maine Landings, May 1951, 4 v- CFS-667 - Fish Meal and Oil, June 1951, 4, p- CFS-668 - Alabama Landings, June 1951, 1, p- CFS-670 - Mississippi Landings, June 1951, 2 p- CFS-678 - Alabama Landings, July 1951, 4 p. SL -101 (Revised) - Firms Canning Salmon, 1950, 3 pe Number Title Sep- 2 288 - Experimental Testing of Fish Tags on Alba- core in a Water Tunnel SSR-Fish- No- 65 - A Fishway That Shad Ascend, by Gerald B- Collins, 19 p., illus., July 1951. SSR-Fish. No. 66 = A Survey of Former Shad Streams in Maine, by Clyde C. Taylor, 33 p., illus. - August 1951. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAIL- ABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, Fish Processing Handbook for the Philippines, by Arthur C. Avery, Research Report No. 26, 149 p., illus-, printed, 50 cents, 1950. This handbook, intended for both home and commercial processors of Philippine fish, covers the handling of fresh fish, the various methods of preserving fish-- freezing, salting, drying, smoking, canning, and miscellaneous methods, such as pickling--and the spoilage of fisnery products. It gives a step- WASHINGTON 25, D. C. by-step description of Philippine fish-preserving methods with suggestions on improving them, and of methods used in other parts of the world which have been adapted for Philippine use by the Philip- pine Fishery Program of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Tables of data for fish processors and ; drawings of common Philippine fish species are included. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WI SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENC/ ES THE FISH AND LDOLIFE 1SSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBL!CATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE AGENCIES OR PUBLISHERS MENTIONED. ARE SHOWN. IF READILY AVAILABLE, illus., eintea- Gheseneeee pieiopicat Laboratory, Department of Research and Education, Board of Natural Resources, Solomons Island, Ma. , June 1950. This booklet Gegalliesing by means of line eee and brief notes the more obvious differences between those Maryland fish ceught by hook and line which Tesemble each other to some degree. Fish found along the Maryland section of the Atlantic Ocean have been left out, but Chesapeake Bay ocean fish DATA ON PRICES, have been included. A few fish have been included to complete a group even though they are not usually taken by hook and line- A brief discussior of the extent and importance of sports fishing in Maryland is included. Although the common names listed for many of the fish are those which have been recom- mended by the Committee on Common and Scientific Nemes of Fishes of the American Fisheries Society, local names are given wherever Maryland usage varies with the Committee's recommendations. September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Comparison of Methods of Tagging the Blue Crab, by L- Bugene | Cronin, 1 Publication No. 78," Boa, Dey printed (Reprinted from Ecology, vol- 30, no. 3, July 1949)- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Department of Research and Education, Board of Natural Resources, Solomons Island, Md- this is a@ summary of the various tagging techniques em— ployed in the past for tagging the blue crab (Cal- linectes sapidus Rathbun) in order that those who carry on future experiments can be guided by past results- Each type of tag and method of attachment is considered and compared with others, so that conclusions can be drawn as to the most effective procedures- In the summary, the author states that "the most satisfactory technique yet developed em- ploys special Nesbit-type tags wired across the carapace by the method of Fiedler. ‘These are bril- liant red and carry full instructions and notice of $1-00 reward- Improvement is needed in the pat~ tern of release of tagged animals." ~~ SAPIDUS” FECT) » by Robert Pyle and Eugene cr Eugene Cronin, Publication No- 87, 40 p-, illus., printed. Chesa~ peake Biological eporatosys Doae on of Research and Education, Board of Natural Resources, Solomons Island, iid-, August 1950- A presentation of the anatomy of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rath= bun) is found in this booklet. According to the authors, this report was published as a basis for specialized research, as a guide for use of the crab as an example in invertebrate studies, and for use in the intelligent planning of sound conserva= tion practices. The results reported are based mostly upon what can be seen in a routine dissection of the crabe "The Labrador Fishery," article, Trade News, September 1951, vol- 4, no- 3, pp- 8-10, illus-, processed. Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. ‘The Labrador fishery, although one of the oldest on the continent, is limited almost exclusively to cod, Salmon, and whales, and operations are carried out by three distinct groups of people, all to some ex— tent migratory," according to this article. Pre- pared fror a report of a survey made in 1950, this article presents methods of production, nurber of fishermen, type of gear used, a discussion by fish- ery, and means used to get the products to market. The bLaryland Crab Industry, 191.9, by Lewis Eugsne ~ Cronin, Publication No- 84, 41 p-, illus., printed. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Department of Research and Education, Board of Natural Resources, Solomons Island, Md-, April 1950. ‘The best avail- able figures on Maryland crabbing for 1949 are pre- sented in this booklet- Shovm in this booklet are the amount and value of the crabs caught by trot- line, pot, and scrape in each part of the Chesapeake Bay and in each river or sound by months. tity and value of crabs imported from other states to be picked and sold by Maryland packers is also BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES The quan- ISSUING THEM. included. A discussion of the most important re- cent development in Maryland crabbing--the crab pot-- is presented. Pots were illegal in the State until 1943, but in 1949 a total of 19,650 pots were li- censed- The discussim gives the background for the rapid increase, the various changes in the laws, and the new problems facing crabbers, packers, and State officials. "Much Ado About the Sea Lamprey," by Dr. T. H. Langlois, article, illus., The Ohio Conservation Bulletin, May 1951, vol. 15, no- 5 pp. 29-32, illus., printed, 10 cents per copy. Division of Wildlife, Ohio De- partment of Natural Resources, Columbus, Ohio. In this article, Dr. Langlois briefly reviews scientific studies dating from 1922 on the existence of sea lampreys in the Great Lakes which tends, at least in part, to refute the common belief that lampreys were introduced into the Great Lakes through the Welland Canal which was not open to shipping until 1932. Furthermore, the appearance of sea lampreys in Lake Ontario as early as 1915 differed fram the present species in that it was a dwarfed form. Literature indicates that larger species were later introduced into the Great Lakes by attaching themselves to the hulls of ocean vessels passing through the Welland Canal and delivering cargoes to Detroit, and possibly Duluth end lower Lake Michigan. Detroit, however, is suggested as the principal terminus for"the hitch- hiking sea lampreyse It is held that the Saginaw Bay fishery is not affected by the sea lamprey because it is a large shallow bay, fed by warm mddy streams similar to the geographic and water properties of the west end of Lake Erie. The scarcity of lampreys in this section of Lake Erie bear out the belief that lampreys thrive better in deeper cold waters. Spawning also usually occurs in clear cold-water tributaries, and the absence of such tributaries in western Lake Erie may further explain the scarcity of lampreys in this area. Dr. Langlois considers the present attempts to control the superabundant sea lampreys, and suggests that there may be a need for preventing the re-infection of the lakes by treating the hulls of ocean ships below the Welland Canal- ‘the attempts to deplete the sea lamprey are logical on the basis of their increased depredations on lake trout, but the author is slow to attrimte the entire lake trout disappearence to the lamprey attacks. As another factor which may have sore influence on lake trout, it is suggested that there is a rather large viability for certain kinds of fish. It has been observed that samples of certain species lack viability during periods of abundance. In contrast, members of e particularly low fish population are extremely hardy and tend more easily to endure adverse circumstances. Thus, there tends to be a physiological rhythm with up and dcwn phases in different generations. The fluctuating smelt fishery on the Great Lakes is suggested as perhaps one basis of this theory of rhytnmic unviability. Furthermore, ghelt have become lake trout competi- tors for an imsortant source of food, namely lake shinerse Finally, the presence of the alewife in Norges Fiskerier, 1947 (Norway's Fisheries Statis- Notice sur le Chalutage Francais en Indochine (hotice COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE SERVICE, BUT several of the Great lakes might materialize into an important lake fish, just as smelt or the sea lamprey. Since it has been established that the alewife serves as forage for lake trout in Lake Ontario, au expansion of the alewife in these waters might prove to be of great value in the return of lake trout, the author points out. tics, 1947), Norges Offisielle Statistikk, vol. XI, No- 32, 163 p-, illus., printed in Norwegian, kr. 1.50 (about 25 U-S- cents). Fiskeridirek- tgren, H- Aschehoug and Co-, Oslo, Norway, 1950- Detailed information of the quantity and values of commercial fisheries landings by species and municipalities are contained in this booklet. Sta- tistics on number of craft, gear, fishermen, and shore facilities for processing are also given. A detailed discussion of the most important sea- sonal fisheries operations is found in the intro- duction. on French Trawling in Indo-China), Contribution No. 1 (Extrait du Bulletin Economique), 12 p., illus., printed in French. Institut Oceanograph- ique de 1'Indochine, 36 Rue Lucien-Mossard, Sai- gon, Indo-China. Part of the work of the Oceano- graphic Institute of IndoChina consists of study— ing trawling in local waters, and this publication gives the latest information on trawling efforts of commercial significance in Indo—Chinese waters. The first article contained in the publication ("Research of the Trawlable Banks") considers the means of making the investigation, and the condi- tion of ocean bottoms and resources in the Tonkin Gulf, Bassac-Mekong Banks and Cape St. Jacques, Gulf of Siam, and the continental plateau of Annam. The results of three commercial trawling tests show that the operations of the bigger draggers are only possible when the more expen— sive fish will bring a more remunerative price, and that the larger trawlers are too expensive to buy and to operate. Future predictions point out that large trawlers are not too desirable for the Indo-Chinese waters because of overfishing. Coral bottoms also make some of the fishing areas inaccessible to large trawling operations. The abundance of mud and coral bottoms are not well suited for the use of large Eurcpean-type gear. Two other types of gear in popular use in this area include a type of trawl (le chalut boeuf) used by the Chinese junks, and a type of trawl derived from the Vietnamese fishermen. Detailed tables are given for the exploratory voyages in each of the areas covered, and include informa— tion on the ship's position, nature of the bottan, and the average yield of fish taken from these areas. USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES Vol. 13, No. 9 \SH AND WILDLIFE ISSUING THEM. Investigations," 74 p-, US$1-75; Part II, "Shell- fish Investigations," 96 p-, US$2-20; both parts US$3.95- Part I is entirely in English and Part II has articles in English and French. Conseil Permanent International Pour L'Exploration de La Mer (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea), Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. (For sale by Andr. Fred. Hést & Fils, Copenhagen, Denmark. ) This publicatia gives the papers presented re- garding herring and shellfish investigations at the 19,9 meeting of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Some of the papers on herring investigations presented are: Spotting Shoals with the Recording Echo Sounder; Herring Tagging; Tagging =xperiments on Herring; Towards a Programme of Herring Research; Contributions to the Study of Fluctuations in a Fish Stock; and Racial Analyses of Icelandic Herrings by Means of the Otoliths. Some of the English papers which appear in the part on shellfish investigations are: The British Oyster Industry and Its Prob- lems; Scottish Research on Oyster Fisheries; Dif- ficulties Encountered in Tank-Breeding of Oysters (Ostrea edulis); Tne Sanitary Control of Shellfish in England; Shellfish in the Netherlands; Some Problems in the Fishery for Deep Sea Prawns; Fluctuations in the Lobster (Homarus wigaris) Population of the Scottish Coast; ana Lobster and Oyster in Norway. Regulation and Investigation of the Pacific Halibut Fishery in 1949, Report of the International Fisheries Cormission No. 15, 24 p., illus., printed. International Fisheries Cormission, Seattle, Wash., 1951. A brief review of the Commission's administrative end investigational activities in 1949 with reference to the Pa- cific Coast halibut fishery. Presented in the booklet are data on the 1949 fishery and the regulations for that year, and discussions on the problem of the short season, extending the length of the fishing season, changes in the yield and abundance of the stocks, changes in the composition of the stocks, and marking ex- periments. 1950, Scottish Hame Department, Third Report, 76 p-, illus., printed, 42 U-S. cents. His Majesty's Stationery Office, Edinburgh, Scot- land. This is a renort of Scotland's fisheries with statistical data for the various phases of this industry for the year“ending Deceniber 31, 195C. ‘Total production figures, both compara- tive and historical, are given by species and by port, including information on the number of boats, personnel, and methods of capture. Sta- tistics are also available for the 1950 pro- duction of lobsters, crabs, oysters, whales, and fishery byproducts. Sections are also de- voted to discussions of marine fisheries super- "Scouring the Gulf of Mexico for Fishes of the Deep The South African Fishing Industry Handbook and Buyers! September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES ISSUING THEM. intendence, scientific investigations, and harbor maintenance. Sea," by L. P. Woods, article, The Bulletin, August 1951, vol- 22, no- 8, p- 3, illus-, printed. Chi- eago Natural History Museur:, Chicago 5, Illinois. The area petween 1CC and 300 fathams below sea level is perhaps the least known fish fauna in the world since this region is generally too deep for ordinary commercial trawling operations. In this article, the author relates his experience aboard the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's exploratory fishing ves- sel, the Oregon, in its search for new shrimp fish- ing grounds in the Gulf of Mexico in depths of from 104 to 305 fathoms. Numerous varieties of commer cially-important fish were taken in several drags by the Oregon at these depths. In addition to commer- cially-important species, several strange specimens. were also taken in the catches. Many species from the deep-water collection are related to fish liv- ing in similar depths off the coasts of South Africa end Japan. Although the taxonomic studies of 900 specimens collected while on this cruise are not yet completed, more than 150 species have already been determined, and several others have been found to be undescribsd species. Guide, Editor: Norman Howell, 240 p., illus., printed. Published by the "South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review" (Available from ‘S- A- Trade Newspapers Pty- Ltd., P. 0O- Box 2598, Cape Town, South Africa, June 1951). ‘This is the first issue of this nandbook designed to acquaint readers with the various aspects of the South African fishing industry. The book is divided into eight main sections: Resources; Organizations; Companies; Who's Who; Fish Products; Suppliers; Fishing Vessels; |- and Engines. The section on Resources includes a discussion of the following industries: pilchard, fish meal and oil, trawling, and rock lobster- ~ Under Organizations, the Division of Fisheries, the Fish- eries Development Corporation of South Africa Limited the South African Fishing Industry Research Institute and the South African’ Food Canners! Council are de- scribed and their functions analyzed. A guide to companies in the South and South-West African fishing industry composes the section on Companies. ‘the name, address, directors, other officers, affiliations, capitalization, and factories of each firm are given. Tne Who's Who section gives brief biolographical notes on the leading personalities professionally connected with the fishing industry of South and South-West Africae A classified list of fish prod- ucts, with brand and producers! names, is found in the section on Fish Products. ‘The section on Sup- pliers consists of a buyers! guide (a classified list of the products offered to the fishing industry). The regulations governing the registration and licens ing of fishing boats, seaworthiness of fishing boats, and a list of motor fishing vessels, trawlers, whele catchers, etc. are to be found in the section on Fishing Vessels. Finally, the section on Engines gives a list of engines offered for installation in fishing vessels with specification of make, rerufac- turer, representatives in South Africa, and all rele- vant particulars for each model. Study of the Spevming Populetions of Sockeye Salmon in the Harrison River System, with Special Reference to the Proplem of Enumeration by keans of Marked Members, by Miner B. Schaefer, Bulletin IV, 212 p., illus., printed. International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission, New Westminster, B. C-, Canada, 1951. ‘he Sockeye Selmon Fisheries Convention, rati- fied by the United States and Canada in 1937, estab- lished the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission for the purpose of restoring and maintain- ing the greatly reduced sockeye salmon fisheries of the Fraser River system. In 1938 the Commission's scientific staff commenced detailed studies of the natural history and population dynamics of the sock- eye salmon runs upon which the fishery operates. In order to gain information on the structure and be-= havior of populations of migrating adult salmon, to examine into the validity of marking methods for making population estimates, and to lay a foundation for employing these methods in larger stream systems than Cultus Lake (in 1938 and 1939 experiments were conducted at this lake to examine the feasibility of employing marked members for estimating the adult sockeye population), and under more nearly ‘average"! conditions than obteined there, experiments were con- ducted in 1939, 1940, and 1941 in the Harrison River System. This paper is an analysis of some of the data thus obtained with the following objects: (1) to trace the migrations of the important spawning popu- lations within the Harrison River System; (2) to ex- amine the nature of the spawning migration of repre- sentative runs, with particular regard to the amount of mixing en rcute to and on the spawning grounds, end the degree to which the populations are strati- fied; (3) to study the design of sampling procedure and statisticel analysis in the determination of population numbers by means of marked members; (/,) to detect and, if possible to measure, harmful effects of the marking procedure which would cause the marked fish to behave differently from the unmarked, and so give erroneous results in the population computations; (5) to determine whether estimation of spawning sock- eye salmon populations by means of merked members is practicable in the Harrison River System, and pre- sumably, therefore, in other similar systems, and to discover limitations of the epplicability of the method. In his summary, the author states that it may be said that the estimation of sockeye salmon popula- ‘tions by means of marked members, following the methods developed in the report, "is practicable, but "must be applied cautiously with careful consideration being given to the intepretation of the data in each instance. Given careful study and analysis of the results of every-experiment, the tagging method is believed to offer a means of measuring selmon populations with a degree of accuracy not heretofore obtained except by counting weirs." 66 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE SERVICE, BUT (Sweden) Fiske Ar 1949 (Fishing Statistics for 1949), 40 p., printed in Swedish with a summary in French. Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Jordbruk Med Bina- ringer, Statistiska Centralbyran, Stockholm, Sweden. Following a royal decree of 1912, Sweden's fishing statistics are compiled by the local fishery ad- ministration, principally on the salt-water fishery In 1949, Sweden's salt-water fishermen numbered 23,100, of which 14,390 were professional full-time fishermen, and the remainder part-time or secondary | fishermen. The value of the gear and boats employ— ed in the salt-water fisheries was 129 million kroner. More than 50 percent of Sweden's 21,012 boats were not equipped with motors in 1949, Salt- water fisheries production totaled 182,400 metric tons with a varue of 104.3 million kroner in 1949, The 1,300 metric tons landed by foreign fishermen in Swedish ports during 1949 are not included in the total production figure above. Principal fish and shellfish taken include herring, cod, mackerel, salmon, eels, shrimp, haddock, sprats, and plaice. The most important species is herring and this in- eludes the Baltic herring ("stromming"). Swedish herring are often cuaracterized by their source of capture since these waters vary considerably in salinity ratios. Gothemborg and Bohus, the two main fishing ports, accounted for more than half of the total 1949 landings. Statistical tabulations in this report include the number of fishermen, gear, amd boats; the quantity and value of the salt-water fish catch; production of salted and marinated herring; and foreign trade in fisher; products. Production is given by ports and specics for the Baltic Sea and the West Coast fisheries. Fresh-water fisheries data are given by area, and include information by gear, boats, and species in a latter section of this publication, Summary of Japan's Fishing Industry, 1950, 21 p., illus., printed in English. Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japanese Government, Tokyo, Japan. A short discussion of the Japanese fisheries is contained in this book- let. A table showing Japan's fisheries production from 1936 through 1949 by major categories is in- cluded. Among the subjects discussed are fisher- ies administration, fisheries and fishing areas, democratization of the fishing industry, fishery facilities, export of marine products, and fishery aid facilities. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 9 FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES 1SSUING THEM. tory, 64 p., printed. Prepared by the Economic Cooperation Administration Special Mission to Ireland, Dublin, January 1951. (Copies available from the Department of Commerce Field Offices or from the Economic Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C.) In addition to general information on Ireland, this booklet contains data on import regulations and purchasing procedures, sources of information in Ireland and the United States, pre- paring shipments for Ireland, exporting fram Ireland to the United States, and a list of Irish importers of U. S. commodities. Included in the latter is about about 30 names of importers of fish products, Trade with Sweden--A Businessman's Guide and Directory, 103 p., illus., printed. Prepared by the Economic Cooperation Administration Special Mission to Sweden, 1951. (Copies available from the Department. of Com- merce Field Offices or from the Economic Cooperation Administration, Washington, D. C.) Among the sub- jects discussed in this booklet are the economy of Sweden, transportation and communication facilities, making contact with the Swedish businessman, what the American businessman should know about trading with Sweden, trade practice requirements under ECA, shipping to Sweden, and facts about importing from Sweden. A number of appendices include a Swedish directory of importers, Swedish imports and exports in 1949, and ECA procurement authorizations issued to Sweden from April 3, 1948, through November 30, 1950. Transactions of the Amsrican Fisheries Society, 1950 (Eightieth Annual Meeting, Memphis, Tennessee, Sep- tember 11, 12, 13, 1950), vol. 80, 417 p., illus., printed, $4.00. American Fisheries Society, St. Paul, Minnesota. (Order from William C. Beckman, Librarian, American Fisheries Research Unit, Colo- rado A and M College, Fort Collins, Colorado.) Part I consists of the papers presented at the Eightieth Annual Meeting of the Society. The follow-— ing are some of the papers presented: Fish Harvest- ing on Two TVA Mainstream Reservoirs; Is There a Harvestability Differential in Fish?; Considerations for an International Approach to Taxonomy of Marines Fish; Status of the Lake Trout Fishery in Lake Super- ior. Part II reports on the business sessions of the Society. é September 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 CONTENTS, CONTINUED PAGE FOREIGN (CONT. )1- FEDERAL ACTIONS (CONT.): GAGE SWEDEN: 3 ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AGENCY (CONT. ): CANNING FIRM TO BUILD FREEZER IN ICELAND .......-20-0% 42 OFFICE OF PRICE STABILIZATION (CONT.): TUN!SLA; PUERTO RICO CEiLING PRICES FOR SALTED COD REINSTATED . 51 FISHING RIGHTS AND TERRITORIAL WATERS DEFINED ........ 42 EXPORMM RIG Eg GON TR Oleaiepet tel tetatotelelotatel=lelel=lsietel=talalel=iateteistaieials 51 UNITED KINGDOM: WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD INTERNATIONAL WHITE FISH CONFERENCE ........ ano0g¢ a6 eS NEW POLICY ON COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES .........eeece: 52 1951 HERRING INDUSTRY SCHEME ..... aobossoudso:noeog S00 43 INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION WHITEFISH SUBSIDY PERIOD EXTENDED AGAIN ............. 43 OPS PROTESTS LCL PICK-UP AND DELIVERY CHARGES ........ 52 UNIONTOF SOUTH AFRICA: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WHALING INDUSTRY WORTH NEARLY US$11,000,000 .......... 43 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE U.S.S.R.: STATES APPORT!ONED FEDERAL-A!D FUNDS FOR FISH RESTOR- ; ORDERS 45 TRAWLERS FROM SWEDEN ..........- Goseasnsesco 44 UU a bado se oonsosogoneotoceonsobookaodenubaoneogaus 53 YUGOSLAVIA: DEPARTMENT OF STATE EXTENSION OF |TALO-YUGOSLAV AGREEMENT ON FISHING IN SIXTH SESSION OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO GATT CON- “YUGOSLAV WATERS BY ITALIAN FISHERMEN ......-.e002020. 44 WENES: <5 Sanson sosongnsaoeecatenbas GoogononeuosooCale 54 BEDERRUUAGIANON 5-H sey-ralataieieis= evel Dudes «ato leleteieataiclelainiersteisis ereiere re nie 45 AUSTRIA SIGNS TORQUAY PROTOCOL TO GATT .. 54 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: ERU SIGNS TORQUAY PROTOCOL TO GATT .........-.-0+0-- 55 NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY: THE STORY OF MENHADEN SELECTED BY EDINBURGH FESTIVAL BASIC RULES OF THE PRIORITIES SYSTEM .....e-e-eeececes 45 FOR SHOWING AND CERTIFICATE 22... 0. ee eeeeweeeeeeeeces 56 MANUFACTURERS REQUESTED TO FILE FOR FIRST-QUARTER 1952 U.S. TARIFF COMMISS1!ON: ALLOTMENTS OF STEEL, COPPER, AND ALUMINUM .......2.0- 45 TARIFF COMMISSION ANNOUNCES INVEST!GATION OF FRESH PREFERENCE STATUS OF DELIVERY. ORDERS UNDER CONTROLLED AND FROZEN GROUNDFISH FILLETS .....eseceeeceserseeeee 56 MATERIALS PLAN .....---2-0-0- eee eee Seen ei nic icnciry 46 EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS (FIRST SESSION), AUGUST 1951 .... 57 ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AGENCY: GHINFESS' pono so des loaocbeabosobone son sb osooorTogCdcomSanooES S& OFFICE OF PRICE STABILIZAT/ ON: IEANDIIINGSTANDSREGEN PTSi micteintsinje aisle es elelsjelwicieluln win. sisiniaieels|s © 58 CANNED SALMON CEILING PRICES ...ecececerecececcrereees 47 COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS AND FREEZINGS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS 59 CEILING PRICES FOR PRIMARY DISTRIBUTORS OF CANNED GANNEDMRISHER PRODUC Sie lalat-tetey-tetatatelstelslslstalslal=)aicratatall-ts leis 60 GSU) oensbodno-ooue savoonagsocdeavaqonrsaoeasossaAs 49 PRICES, IMPORTS, AND BYPRODUCTS ........2-eeeseeeeerceeee 61 MISCELLANEOUS AMENDMENTS TO GROUP 1 AND 2 RETAIL FOOD REGENT (IG RSHERY) PUBLICATIONS»