bo 6 ah eee ae Rents MOSM typ We Gp ab ld Bn pokes Bho ob onary Pam enbe me tignihe Avior ine Ay tye Sas dd nF NeseiTes se an etree SB ve Re Bota ihe Heine satin sby tt An VRD ADIN FET. ESD ONO a eA tes And od Reda Ps RAN OTN Seer etry eee ret HE Vege OT tS SEN ia et Hh sdtrcehiee Stake 9 a tee th OE Lor Sept pees tb ienten Mt wy stents 1 ed Win ihd Ah Sortie Aone og $e MONI SDRH ENedae B etaeodea S Ala. rede T Monee ns Moe atic Pe MOE MANO AEN GNA ANTI NA Fan AEH YE Pg Bint Meese Be Be oy Be ANd fe tha) pe asiok teas, dey Me tee We AINE AY tk Ab nee Pr Ahi FUR A SENET Soe tat anes Bota Me ttapiNine re fhneseoye mathe whe Mate Be oN ae rants aa pivinn naling Hyves WANA ONIN Ren ashrntye Wels hie ik fe Seige eee re pert anackiarsnéstiea Ma thew eet phen toe dee y iN ethote da figtenn Ped win Orth seen Fathead setae Per rR usar aile SRDS tN WR NaN Mette TINEA NTS He CSVIEN m2 LR |e teaee MANNE AP1 MY ANA tA DR RN dig Mage sei 2 NA SMI BO RO eT Ancdisdayeu De kaperey th! a hts.¥ep Moi -AMy MAD HAflg eae wees AS ANSGME Fim Mitton oa VIR CM SRD ENL Red Sen tebe Ma (tee Noah af RAGRLA BAIT NOP Ite Ne MELE ent a ee) Badd fe tp Mame eS eeu gieh Te gtpeadasMuntiens she HORM Sead aA 1 tn Bos Ba! Een Sees BAIbe aT a gmescbrudes x ee eee Di stertity tin seh g ny cannpacnowe esc Dnt AP Yon Me d49 Me aad ean Rech Mt Ua sWhboa MPa Ren Be Ma Say ek edge fon hy Pkt ONG iE REE Hebb ia 68 Be tec Geren Nee HAGE ND te ID ale ee POE Sw sino OMANI TS De tite sy ny Pe Se aye Me Ca tert Bt Rasa Sear etn eRe for Sone ray TR) cn we see iup oar heerRaben Be ett 2% a rite rerun? Wage be » Hs AY DNs te Combe? Y ee ny Aeyeolnn wt 1 erteenthad en Wot és a Prean Ce file nthedy omar s Pawn te eteSro ie’ ern : - We epee ine bear Pha akin Beton we natitoeh eset pte Mota) Santa a9 os stege te Net Ss ANS HT esa oko Cpe aatag Dg OU SNES ANN MEANS Smt Meme NOM A rt eee Bees na Deena Pn AS NS IU eae AMD ort sy 3 Mg MENTED syusitensWredoweaeage oda omy tani eeRt sk Ans RGN Sree aM EN Snes Het Oy const Ee ATTRA atm DARD NRE SN 4 oath a A Ten Mo Sto neh Gr + VeaMte af Son ple Sonwien Cottes emit Nig owca me ge RENAL EP e a Ghote faa done sn Gon Bet meth thet PMV ary etree 9 MULE? Beef ny mSghdabetiarin es sree SOE gae sh THROM a 3 aie” aes: ved Ray eh te Snes) aah aa A eta mae gh ea MIRON tke 6 fen me Re hada Yo a Phins Wyasthn tbe oy ee pte nmol yn omdt.e dt use tere co tet atone a tab top A Weihe Oe, Sy hy ratyeka 2 mad Sean) Ode PEL ANAT ART dots ogee se Sct THON te tits FANS RLNY bates aden 9 Faarti asim pret cntee® nn ihear® fo Been ranken Woe she te Neh Peter ket, An Demy Manin seg ventine th sabe Binks g te WF Wp the eet Ving 66 fy vest ts Abe there phe’ CF yt Od BeBe tem sank ae VEN for tena en TN AD ott yeti ast yes Veh VP eytnRad a MGT Gat eel E tapes pert adeno na pamper ain rdibe reine it wy vie oe > = faetaniadlly ditare Ds oad anand on Se Pek NEA pie Hons 1B oh verse ni a Wa a entit he dha atte Sed ah F Wee ein uenind'e Bak pinto MERA ote € MOO Fels eryl reo vee re ates rowdy? orig peck greeny NA a ees ameneiptt ne ST eM Qeehte Ghete Lio Oe Seer ne tees Sent AY ial aie at oi RTC UMN ANT % Nee Pahatenites shah eae ® asad! ATL dye sete ee ete sa ere eens ee wale scrape DMP ey Tata MEE NY rapa anATAL ED SPATE eet aN Lan AL NVI EN NE TA EMCI NS HOw en og ATI thes! ed ongh sats rete ten Mee aE MB Oe Rem Cth vant Pao set ATE, Wp mh 4 Ese IONS Bake MUN MERE STIG TOMMY E om eR NY Barta a ebinatnd Mea haan gma fOMy Q rey Foy Me to ae nen rns Cnr a Chon shanti toy tee aes ha ts Sey eee PES Mp tess ane JePben ve te thea a NPE Pai reat net Aa as PAM Das p ral tN a PARTE OI ams. Tah Mat a Ahn Poe ve Cn rte Ho Lord Cals of dade os versnasten ag ay We OMe ERIE. Woaiein etn nethe! seat abt SHIM EN ANE toi MADHMS N EERIE le DYN gener ade might tan Ne te IMA MOG NSA AIT etek ERMAN Wpray lente ote naar ee on Senna ovine Vn thse” be Pen vane y rhe gor hey date hts WENDY fein eater ited votoat! sA08 aM post ay Se EH Mrsitinnd tin re tet Perse eres tt rot Dv tas eve vec ver aut Sada stem opioid peeetiaadt mDALEN TEL es WN ME pee haven ten et ee nse ine Mis BML TYAN taeatiy BRED ADR D hat oN INANE Beg venstan AGI ACTON ; Sane cece tN ANP Soh UE) ap Deg en PRE NL Od Np fein Neary ech atitet iNET AY Aerrneee 1} bottra dys asa Peer Tecate L Ine Powe eDaahs te gynne? Sie Poe Mite We rnaMiIn art ES eer ee een eras eer ae NS Lipset ett od reruns aoe ian RNa RET Ne RF AI Sat Ta St WANE Mere WALI A A Wk SB Bien ON Ao seer mee yet AN eR Ayes + 5 "hainals ae ak servanten Tg aes Pe UN rd te tet Sha viyto ea tieaa Sr crncn rr Keven ayia ned sere NOAA ye ONAN AAAI IN NT MeN me een ae ater ano See ert nee ncipynem ah ede eit e Une pinta am Net ne PS TINE hI we Sait PO rb Biase, arsed yO enc Het! Feel EVA are tomar ttnen Fagan ners tan Doeettee SM Vea NAD tote owen APH? Mee ance TaA RIVE STRV AMIR TONE NE a Ngogn SNR SS Tots mt ape many tetas Note ee yarn gt witnt Ente teeta wl aor At ONe8 eae Migt opt SNE I ri edit te Meme Sem ALON Sn gtng Peer re} as Sms oa ty, he Py a tI wn anabet A Be line ed MMB INET 6 Fp wager l re wt Some ween see PORN ER teatime seo ee Pent nde Pawan MoT ea gienlen Gat neh net oe Se Ore Saye at an ionenanren ne eoethe Pe eee id SYN EIN Tea Nts 2 SA AW FEES EM arg eNO HEM MAME NY na 5a Sali CX sie aoe vase AANA vee tes PAS DAE OAS AME Any atte tte Pa Ea pL Sena ante ere rorya! er ee ee teeth emote areas Secrets ® See AON tae tN gee een mS NRT ye nett chen ae 2 ohm debater bem none Smee nine tient h mene a mv OMe ee ea Se RS 51) Aun 2% an ene eT ah kee ey Pag sete ma Sameer rs Pn Ha ts y oaane ot utes Serra) EAC te en tte avons NOV reese tee ee ey kt ere Cen ee Oa as ntti! own rete feerytel swaps a W pipiank cal pithentt tees Veen wie aw Aisne PENA rad iets oh ann fied . Pen aidan Let oheesNigh Am ERMAN open tan banal er Dwtore TUROM AUNTIE leases i ae wy Cet hard ih “ ie sere i pret . cri geenn a fe Ste ea naa are te ¥ 5 cS y \ jae Nab ethan eaten Nats scape htt dan vianwiwnalnds teehee at aet) COMMUNICATION FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, ve = TRANSMITTING, IN COMPLIANCE WITH A RESOLUTION OF THE SENATE OF MARCH 8, 1851, THE ne ; REPORT OF ISRAEL D, ANDREWS, “CONSUL OF THE UNITED STATES FOR CANADA AND NEW BRUNSWICK, TRADE AND COMMERCE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES, AND UPON THE TRADE OF THE GREAT LAKES AND RIVERS; - ALSO, NOTICES OF THE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS IN EACH STATE, OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND A PAPER ON THE COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES. mS Saal “WASHINGTON: BEVERLEY TUCKER, SENATE PRINTER, 1854. Ke ee COMMUNICATION FROM THE “SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. Aveust 26, 1852,—Ordered to lie on the table, and be printed. Aueust 30, 1852.—Ordered, that 5,000 copies additional for the Senate, 1,000 additional for the Secretary of the Treasury, and 500 additional for Israel D. Andrews, be printed. Aveust 4, 1854.—Resolved, That there be printed, for the use of the Senate, five thousand additional copies of the Report of Israel D. Andrews, Senate Ex. Doc.*No. 112, First Session Thirty-second Congress. TreAsuRY DEPARTMENT, August 25, 1852. Sir: The resolution of the Senate of the 8th March, 1851, requests the Secretary of the Treasury to ‘“‘communicate to the Senate, as early as possible at the next session, full and complete statements of the trade and commerce of the British North American colonies with the United States and other parts of the world, inland and by sea, for the years 1850 and 1851, with such information as he can procure of the trade of the great lakes.” In compliance therewith, I have the honor to transmit a report, by Israel D. Andrews, accompanied by numerous statistical tables, carefully compiled from official sources, with maps prepared for, and illustrative of, said report. I am, respectfully, THO. CORWIN, Secretary of the Treasury. Hon. Wm. R. Kine, President pro tempore U. S. Senate. = : oe Sa ae ro ay 5 ee 2 hao Meals Fat NOTE. In the progress of the preparation of the report, it was found necessary to change Part II to an appendix, which contains notices of the trade and commerce of Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, Pittsburg, New Orleans, the steam-marine of the interior, of the inland water- routes, the increase and value of the foreign and domestic trade, navigation, &c., &c.; as also tables showing the exports and imports of the principal Atlantic States for a series of years, and statements of the increase in the tonnage of the several States from 1836, with the per cent. increase of the total tonnage, and that of the several States. It was conceived very desirable to publish a particular account of the inland, coasting, and foreign trade of the principal Atlantic cities, and a portion of the materials were collected for that purpose ; but, for the want of correct statistical data, it was found to be impossible to have them of a character suited to this report. It is proper to state in this place my thanks to Mr. N. Davidson, late of the Buffalo Ad- vertiser, for his very valuable and intelligent services in the preparation of the report, parti- cularly in those portions relating to the trade of the lakes and the importance and value of the internal trade. The importance of the Mississippi trade, through the Gulf of Mexico, to every portion of the Union, it is presumed, will be regarded by all asa full justification for the copious notices, in the appendix, of the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida ; and the value of the cot- ton crop to the whole country called for the extended and complete exposition in regard to it there inserted. Similar reasons—and to exonerate the report from the imputation of being sectional—demanded the notices of the commerce, railroads, &c., of the southern States and southern cities. It is believed no one will object that they were not within the strict literal terms of the resolution under which the report was prepared. The annexed map of the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, and Isthmus of Tehuantepec, furnished, as before stated, by the Coast Survey, is the first one of the kind ever published from authentic sources. It will be found interesting in illustration of the views taken in the paper contained in this report respecting this American sea, and generally with reference to other considerations. The labors of the Coast Survey are progressing in that quarter, and ere long their results will be published. This map is but an index of what they will be. Thorough and exact as the severest labor and the highest order of scientific skill can render them, their usefulness to our commerce will be unappreciable, and their benefits will extend through ages. — Tic By Ae WasuineTon, 1852. wine dK eps Les. St pada ay Tyee ieee , Seay 5 A 08 + aes + ihe ah: ss ahs <. ret , eae fe ia ne ay etait PE OF SCHEDULE OF DOCUMENTS. Vil SCHEDULE OF DOCUMENTS. General Introductory ; comprising a review of the trade of the great lakes, internal com- merce, and also of the trade and commerce of the North American Colonies. I. The Sea-fisheries of British North America on the Bay of Fundy, along the coasts of Nova Scotia, on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, and within the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Il. The Trade of the Great Lakes ; accompanied by returns exhibiting the rise and pro- gress of that trade, and its present condition and value, with a particular descrip- tion of each of the lakes, in relation to its extent, resources, tributaries, outlets, and prospective commerce. III. See Appendix. IV. Review of the Canals and Railroads of the United States, showing their influence upon, and connexion with, the trade of the Great West ; accompanied by a general map of railroads and canals, American and Colonial. V. The Province of Canada, with a general description of its physical features and re- sources, intercolonial trade, foreign commerce, transit trade, internal traffic, and public works ; accompanied and illustrated by a map of the Basin of the St. Law- rence, prepared specially for this report. VI. The Province of New Brunswick, with descriptions of its physical characteristics, riv- ers, seaports, and harbors, its forests and its fisheries, with statistical returns and observations on the free navigation of the river of St. John. VUl. The Province of Nova Scotia, with a description of its geographical position, its most striking features and various resources ; as also returns in relation to its trade, com- merce, fisheries and coal] mines; as also special notices of Cape Breton and Sable Island. VIII. The Island Colony of Newfoundland, with a description of its position between the At- lantic ocean and Gulf of St. Lawrence, its physical features and abundant fisheries, accompanied by returns of its trade and commerce ; as also descriptions of the Lab- rador coast, and of the harbor of St. John, in connexion with the proposed estab- lishment of a line of steamships from that port to Ireland, and connected by electric telegraph from thence to the United States. IX. The Colony of Prince Edward Island ; its agricultural capabilities, trade, commerce, and position, in relation to the fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. X. The Intercourse between Great Britain and her North American Colonies ; accompanied by tabular statements and returns. XI. The Trade of some of the Atlantic ports of the United States with the North American Colo- nies by sea ; illustrated by tables and returns, accompanied by a map of the Lower Colonies ; prepared expressly for this report. XII. Review of the present state of the Deep-sea Fisheries of New England ; prepared specially for this report by Wm. A. Wellman, assistant collector of the port of Boston, under the direction of P. Greely, esq., collector of that port, with valuable statistical statements and tabular returns. Vill SCHEDULE OF DOCUMENTS. XIV. The French Fisheries of Newfoundland, translated from official French documents, ob- tained in Paris purposely for this report. APPENDIX: Containing notices of the internal and domestic commerce—Tendency of Ohio commerce, Cincinnati, Pittsburg, Louisville, St. Louis—Steam-marine of the interior, New Orleans, Mobile, Gulf of Mexico, and Straits of Florida—Cotton crop of the United States—Com- merce of the Atlantic States and cities, and tables of the tonnage of each State during a series of years. INTRODUCTORY. W asHineton, August 19, 1852. Sir: The undersigned was personally honored with your instruc- tions on the 28th July, 1851, to report on the following resolution of the Senate of the United States: ‘That the Secretary of the Treasury be requested to communicate to the Senate, as early as possible, at the next session, full and com- plete statements of the trade and commerce of the British North Amer- ican colonies with the United States, and other parts of the world, on land and by sea, in the years 1850 and 1851, with such information as he can procure of the trade of the great lakes.” You directed his attention to the general importance of all the sub- jects embraced in the resolution, their intimate relation to many branches of national interest, and the necessity of having such report submitted to you in the most correct form, and as full and detailed, as the shortness of time would permit. ~ You were pleased, also, at a subsequent period, to direct the atten- tion of the undersigned to that part of the resolution relating to the commercial interests of the great lakes, and to desire that it should receive prompt and careful attention; and that all the information ob- tained should be presented in tabular statements. The undersigned was likewise informed by you, that if any subjects not specified in his instructions, of national or great local interest, ger- mane to the spirit of the resolution of the Senate, should fall under his notice, it would not be inappropriate to submit the same for the con- sideration of the government. These instructions, and the great interest now generally manifested as to the colonial and lake trade of the United States, have induced the undersigned to give careful attention to each distinctive feature of the various important subjects involved in your instructions and the resolution of the Senate. The undersigned is fully aware that it is kis duty (as it most cer- tainly is his wish) to notice the questions under consideration in the briefest manner consistent with their proper elucidation. In justifica- tion of any notice that may be considered too much extended, it must be remembered that the weighty matters involved are not confined to any particular locality ; that they affect not only the British colonies, but various and important domestic interests of the United States ; that they are interwoven with all the elements of our national strength; that they bear, in an especial manner, upon the navigation and the foreign and coasting trade of this country, upon its various manufac- tures, and upon its commerce with distant nations. | i 2 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON In directing your attention to the first part of this report, the most important, so far as home interests are concerned, it is proper to re- mark, that although the statements as to the internal trade of the United States are fuller than any before presented to the government in this form, and such as could only be obtained by ‘great labor and expense, they may be relied upon as being generally correct. They have been collected from various sources, official and unofficial ; and it is due to the public to state, that it is principally owing to the different modes of conducting the inland trade of the country, that sta- tistical returns of an official character are not made as to much of that trade. The returns from several of the custom-house districts on the lakes are very creditable to the collectors by whom they were prepared ; while the returns from others were in many respects incorrect and incomplete, causing loss of time and great trouble in rectifying and perfecting them. The necessity for a well organized system, in order to obtain “a, cor- rect account” of the lake trade, must be obvious. The want of a law to enforce even the present imperfect system, the great increase of business, and its diversified character in nearly all the districts, and the limited clerical force allowed in some of them, are all causes of difficulty in obtaining and arranging in a creditable and satisfactory manner, full, Beyer. and entirely intelligible statistics of the lake trade, ahd of the general internal commerce of the country. | It is proper also to state that the embarrassments now existing, wil i increase in a corresponding degree with the certain and almost incal- culable annual increase of this trade and commerce. q This ill-arranged and imperfect system of managing the lake trade and internal commerce of the country is presented to the notice of the government, and offered as an apology why the report on this trade and commerce is not more worthy the high importance of the interests involved. If national considerations should induce a desire on the part of the government to possess other reports on the internal trade of the country, it will be necessary to provide for a more perfect sys- tem of statistical returns and to carry it out by legal requirements. It is not intended to suggest that any novel coercive laws should be adopted, interfering with the free and unrestricted exchange of goods and productions of all kinds between different sections of the country. Free commerce, especially internal commerce, unfettered by restraints originating in sectional or local partialities, or prompted by like selfish interests, is no boon from any government to the people ; it is unques- tionably their natural right. There can be no doubt that a system might be easily devised, under the authority of the Treasury Depart- ment, which would meet every requirement and promote the interests of this trade. In the style, character, and completeness of our statistical reports, we are far behind other countries, and no authority but that of Con- gress can supply this deficiency. The public eye has ever been steadily fixed on the foreign com- merce of the country as the right,arm of national strength. This com- merce has increased so rapidly, and the trade as well as the tariffS COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 3 have been so greatly changed, that new arrangements of the old re- turns are demanded to enable the departmental condensations to be perfect and readily intelligible. The reports on commerce and navi- gation now give the total tonnage of the United States, but do not state: the character or class of vessels composing the mercantile marine of a country scarcely second to any in the world. It is also necessary that more complete statements of the trade and commerce of the great cities. of the Atlantic seaboard and on the Gulf should be laid before Congress annually, and these improvements in their arrangement could be made, and they might be fuller in detail than those hitherto submitted, with comprehensive statistical accounts of the coasting trade and naviga- tion, and distinguishing between steamers and other vessels. It is proper to remark that the present arrangement of returns of the internal and coasting trade is mostly governed by the law of 1799, when the trade was in its infancy, and commerce received rather than created law. In the discussions which have taken place in Congress of late years, in relation to great public questions, such as the public lands, or the improvement of rivers and harbors, the most meagre statistical state- ments have been adduced in many cases, and loose hypotheses assumed in others. This is attributable to the absence of authentic official re- _ turns, and is conceived to be a justification for presuming to bring this subject to the attention of Congress in this report. Tn the absence of statistical statements, published by national au- thority, the value of works containing statistical returns upon which re- lance can be placed is greatly enhanced ; and this opportunity is em- braced of commending, as one source of valuable information in making this report, the publications called ‘‘ Hunt’s Merchants’ Maga- zine,” ‘*“De Bow’s Review,” the ‘‘ Bankers’ Magazine,’ and the ‘¢ American Railroad Journal,’’ as the most valuable.in this country. The undersigned is fully aware of its having been asserted by those who have limited means of forming a correct opinion, that the value of the lake trade has been everywhere overstated. It is true that in some cases approximations, from the want of official data, are, of necessity, resorted to; but that is not the fault of those who have the matter in charge. . . The basin of the great lakes, and of the river St. Lawrence, 1s fully delineated on the map attached to the report on Canada. Its physical features, and the influence it must exercise on future moral develop- ments, are without parallel and historical precedent. It is an American treasure ; its value to be estimated less by what it has already accom- plished, than by what it must achieve in its progress. The attention of the civilized world has been directed with great. interest to the constant and progressive emigration from the Old World to the New. In former times, hordes of men changed their country by means of long and toilsome journeys by land; but never until the pre- sent age have multitudes, and, in some instances, communities, been transferred from continent to continent, and from one hemisphere to the other, by such means as are now afforded in the New York packets, clipper ships, and ocean steamers. These vehicles but represent the 4 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON genius of an era destined in future times to be designated as the “age of enterprise and progress.” : That portion of the “‘Great West” at the western extreme of the basin of the St. Lawrence has received a larger share than any other portion of our country of the valuable addition to our national riches arising from the industry, intelligence, and wealth, of the bundreds of thousands of foreigners who, within a comparatively brief period, have landed upon our shores. It is, therefore, impossible to estimate the enormous and continuous accumulation of wealth, having its basis on the ample resources and natural riches of that great western region, over which the star of American empire seems now to rest. In connexion with an unequalled increase of population in the Great West, the growth of the lake trade has been so extraordinary and so rapid, that but few persons are cognizant of its present extent and value. 3 In 1841 the gross amount of the lake trade was sixty-five millions of dollars. In 1846 it had increased to one hundred and twenty-five millions. In 1848, according to the estimate of Colonel Abert, of the topographical engineers, the value of the commerce of the lakes was one hundred and eighty-six millions. Owing to various causes, but particularly to the great influx of foreigners, and the opening of new and extensive lines of intercommunication, it has recently increased still more largely, until, in 1851, it amounted to more than three hundred millions. And these estimates do not include the value of the property constantly changing hands, nor has any notice been taken of the cost of vessels, or the profits of the passenger trade. it is not within the scope of this report, nor is it practicable therein, to attempt a full exposition of the trade and commerce of the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Ohio, flowing through that great valley, unsurpassed in all the elements of wealth by any region in this or the Old World. This trade and commerce is worthy of the particular and earnest attention of American statesmen. And it is here proper to state, that one great cause of the growth of the lake trade is the tact that a cheap and expeditious route from the Atlantic to the Great West is afforded by the internal communications, by railroads and canals, opening the way through the great lakes and through the Alleghanies, instead of being restricted to the rivers flowing southward. The following facts in relation to the trade of the Erie canal are pre- sented as confirming the above, and justifying farther and full official investigation as to the entire internal trade of the West :* In 1835 there left the lakes by the Erie canal for tide-water, 30,823 tons of wheat and flour. In 1851 there left the same points, on the same canal, 401,187 tons of similar articles. In 1851 the total amount of wheat and flour which reached tide- * The facts hereinafter stated with respect to the trade and commerce of the Misissippi and its tributaries, and of the States and cities on their shores, and on the Gulf of Mexico, and connected with them, are important not only in regard to that specific trade and com- merce, but for their relation to that of the lakes, and, inland, by canal and railroad to the Atlantic seaboard. It has been found in some degree necessary to refer to the former in full elucidation of the latter. The great interests of the southwestern and southern States de- mand, however, a fuller and more perfect notice than the resolution calling for this report, and limiting it to other sections, will allow to be now made. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 5 water by the New York canals, was 457,624 tons; showing that while , between the lakes and tide-water the State of New York furnished | 97,729 tons, or over 75 per cent. of the whole quantity delivered, in| 1851 it only furnished 56,437 tons, or about 11 per cent. of the whole \, quantity, the remaining 89 per cent. having been received from the West, and from the territory of Canada on the lakes. The total tonnage ascending and descending on all the New York canals in 1836 was 1,310,807 tons, valued at $67,634,343, and paying tolls amounting to $1,614,342 ; whilein 1851 it amounted to 3,582,733 tons, valued, ascending and descending, at $159,981,801, paying tolls amounting to $3,829,727. The traffic on the Erie canal, and the principal routes from the interior to the Atlantic, has such an important relation with the whole trade of the nation, that it was conceived that this part of the report would be incomplete without a proper reference to the trade of such routes ; which will be found attached to part IV, with a reference to the com- merce of some of the principal Atlantic and interior ports and compara- tive statements. The great lakes are not a straight line of water, but present a zigzag course. Their surplus waters all find their way to the ocean by one great outlet, the noble St. Lawrence. Notwithstanding the opinions that may be entertained adverse to that mighty river as a channel of communication between the West and the Atlantic, it is nevertheless certain to be more used, and to increase in importance, in proportion to every material stride in the prosperity and advancement of the country bordering on the lakes. Stretching down into New York, as if for the especial accommoda- tion of a comparatively southern region, is Lake Erie; while extend- ing far into the regions of the northwest, to meet the requirements of that region, Lake Superior spreads his ample waters. An examination of the map prepared by Mr. Keefer, and attached to this report, under the head of Canada, will prove that nature has provided the great lakes for all the different and distant portions of this continent, and that the St. Lawrence is their natural outlet to the sea. There are those who maintain that the improvement of the naviga- tion of the St. Lawrence, and the widening and deepening of the Welland and St. Lawrence canals, so as to allow vessels of a larger class than at present ingress and egress, with their cargoes to the ocean, and the extension by the British government, to the United States, of the free use of both, would cause a commercial city to grow up on the banks of that river which would successfully rival New York in European trade ; but important as the results doubtless would be to the interests of the Canadas, and especially of Lower Canada, and greatly as those interests would be promoted by such measures, there is little cause for believing that such anticipations of injury to New York or to any of our Atlantic cities would be realized. Their trade would not be decreased, whilst that flowing down the new outlet would be increased. New resources would be created by the new stimulants thus given. Although the subject of harbors has been referred to in the report which follows the lake trade, yet its great importance demands some 6 . ANDREWS’ REPORT ON farther notice. While the commercial connexion between the East and the West by canals, steamboats, and railroads, is increasing with such rapidity under the combined influence of enterprise and necessity, it is quite evident that provision must soon be made for adequate harbor accommodation of the lakes, to meet the necessities of their commerce, already rivalling that on the Atlantic. | It is a remarkable fact that there are but few natural harbors on the lakes, the shores differing in that respect from the seacoasts of the United States, and of the northern colonies, which are amply provided with the finest harbors. While the commerce of Chicago, Buffalo, Oswego, and other lake ports, is of more value than the commerce of any of the ports on the Atlantic, except New Orleans, Boston, and New York, the harbors of the lake ports, even whilst their commerce is yet in its infancy, are wholly inadequate to the number of vessels already on the lakes. ‘The numerous disasters in consequence of the insecurity of these harbors, call loudly for the improvement of such haveris as can be made secure and convenient by artificial means. The commercial and navigating interests in that section have from the outset been sensible of the drawbacks arising from the absence of security to life and property, and have unceasingly presented their claims for the artificial improvement of their harbors to the considera- tion of the State and Federal governments. At a public meeting held at Milwaukie, in 1837, with reference to the improvement of harbors, it was “+ Resolved, That we will not desist from memorializing and petitioning Congress, and presenting our just rights and claims, until we have finally accompushed our object.” The spirit of this resolution, it cannot be doubted, ts the prevailing senti- ment throughout the entire West, connected by its trade with the lakes. It is not presumed, in ary part of this report, to argue the question of the constitutionality of such improvements by the federal government ; but it is unquestionably due to that great interest, and to the preserva- tion of life and property, to state that a great and pressing necessity exists for the construction of harbors on the lakes by some authority, State or Federal and by some means; and whether these should be public or private, enlightened statesmen must decide. The work should be done. If the government of the United States, sustained by the patriotic affection of the people, is restrained by the constitutional com- pact from doing things undeniably needed for the promotion of impor- tant national interests and the security of its citizens and their property, some other means of relief should be devised. If it does possess ade- quate constitutional power, it should be exercised. The past action on this subject has paralyzed, rather than aided, many improvements. Harbors and havens, the construction of which was commenced by government, have not been completed, and are in a state of dilapidation; and while the public have waited for farther aid, many valuable lives and great amounts of property have been lost. It is extremely doubtful (even if there were sufficient local wealth, and if we could allow the expectation of that unity of action in the vicinity of the lake coast necessary to secure the construction of any one of the many harbors and havens their lake commerce now so COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 7 absolutely requires) whether they could be completed without Federal aid. The undersigned begs leave to call the attention of the honorable Secretary of the Treasury to the necessity of having marine hospitals in the large commercial ports upon the lakes. The casualties of that navigation are little different from those of the sea; and while the “ fresh- water sailor” contributes, from his monthly wages, to the same ‘hospital money,’’ as he who “ goes down upon the great deep,”’? equal justice demands equal expenditure for the benefit of both. It is not enough to say that these hospitals would be beneficial ; they are imperatively demanded by the mariners and the ship-owners of these “inland seas.” There is every year much suffering, espe- cially at the large towns of Buffalo, Oswego, Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, and Milwaukie, all of which have a large steam and sailing marine, and are rapidly taking rank among our leading commercial cities. At these ports a large number of sail- ing vessels and steamers pass the winter; the number of sailors need- ing reltef from suffering is thus‘increased. Some of these sailors are now often let out on hire, by the collectors of customs, to those wanting labor. No censure is intended of those officers; such course 1s forced upon them by the necessities of the case, but such a state of things ought not to contmue. That these seamen could be comfortably pro- vided for at a trifling cost to the government, by the expenditure of no more than the monthly contributions received from those engaged in the lake trade, if proper hospitals were erected, cannot be doubted. One link in the chain of communication through the great lakes is yet to be supplied. This will be effected by the construction of a ship canal around the Falls of St. Mary, which will open to the lower lakes a navigation of fully a thousand miles. Our shipping will have an un- interrupted sweep over waters, which drain more than three hundred thousand square miles of a region abounding in mineral and agricultural resources. They may be water-borne nearly half way across the con- tinent. ‘The inexhaustible elements of wealth on the shores of Lake Superior will then become available. ‘These, as yet, have hardly been touched, much less appreciated. Its fisheries are exhaustless. Na-_ ture has developed its mineral treasures upon a scale as grand as its waters. Its copper mines, the most extensive and productive in the world, furnishing single masses of the unparalleled weight of sixty tons, supply half of our consumption, from localities where, ten years since, the existence of a single vein was unknown. The iron mines near the shores of this lake surpass those of Sweden or Russia in extent, and equal them m the excellence of their materiel. Itis pre- dicted by acute metallurgists that its silver mines, though as yet unde- veloped, will one day vie with those of Mexico. While we behold with wonder the munificence of the gifts which Provi- dence has showered upon this extensive region, thousands of miles in the interior from the ocean, we may also look forward with hopeful pride to achievements in art, and to commercial enterprise, commen- surate in grandeur to those gifts, for their distribution throughout our country and the world. Reflection upon these bounteous gifts leads us to the conception of the means necessary to be adopted for their ade- 8 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON quate use andenjoyment. Whenthe Caughnawaga canal shall have been finished by the Canadian government, uniting the St. Lawrence and Lake Champlain by a ship canal, thus completing the judicious and successful improvements on the St. Lawrence, so creditable to the en- terprise and national views of that government ; and when a ship canal shall be constructed from Champlain, by way of Whitehall, to the Hud- son river—and commercial necessities will not be satisfied with less— when the waters of Superior thus flow into the Hudson, and the ship- ping of New York can touch upon the plain in which, with their branches interlocking, the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence both have their origin, it will be a stride equivalent to centuries for the nation. A boundless field of commerce, and a vast expansion of transportation, will thereby be opened, and a development of wealth, such as the world has never witnessed, afforded. | The commercial results anticipated will not alone belong to those whose labor and enterprise may primarily effect them. Commerce, ex- ternal and internal, by steamships on the oceans or on the lakes, by rail- roads over, or canals through, the land, is the advance guard of civilization. Whenever true commerce receives. any new impulse, its beneficial effects accrue not only to the country from which it springs, but to the world. Its advancement is therefore one of the highest duties not only of enlightened statesmanship, but of philanthropy. Although this report may have been elaborated more than might seem to have been designed by the resolutions or instructions under which it has been prepared, it is believed that no apology is necessary for thus devoting a few pages to the evidences of the rising wealth of this broad empire. So complete is the dependence of one section of the country upon another—so varied are the productions furnished in the different degrees of latitude embraced within the present bounds of the confederacy, and yet so admirably are the channels for trans- portation supplied by nature and art, that the prosperity of each sec- tion overflows into the other. This diffusion of prosperity, produced by community of interests and sympathies, freedom of trade and mutual dependence, is a sure pledge that our political union can never be broken. : The undersigned is not without hope that the facts presented in this report may tend to promote the struggling railroad interests of the West. That section needs capital, and greater facilities for transport- ation ; the former creating the latter. The magnificent systems of rail- roads in course of construction, or projected, for the transportation of various productions from the country bordering on the Mississippi, so far south as St. Louis, must become important channels of trade. ‘The political and moral benefit of railroads as bands of union and harmony between the different sections of this broad empire, can only be measured by our posterity. 7 The securities issued the United States and on account of many of the railroads projected and in process of construction in the West, are seeking a market among the capitalists throughout the world. Ignor- ance of the resources of the country which will support the roads, and of the progress of the regions through which they pass, causes the de- pression of these stocks far below their value. The large amount of COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 9 money required to complete tke works already contemplated, makes it a matter of high importance, which has not been lost sight of in this repoy, that such information should be given to the financial world as may remove some of the obstacles encountered by the great interests of the West, owing to ignorance of their true condition and resources which prevails in the money markets of Europe. This ignorance is not confined to foreigners, but exists among a portion of our countrymen. ‘The former cannot understand how rail- roads can be built, and made to pay, in comparatively new countries ; the latter, living near the banks of great rivers, and on the Atlantic coast, where alone surplus capital, as yet, abounds, cannot appreciate the necessity existing for the constant creation of these iron lines. Commerce depends for its existence and extension upon channels af- forded as its outlets. Primarily it follows what may be termed the natural routes, which are often not convenient ones. Modern commerce has sought, and is constantly creating, at great expense, artificial channels; and this is so true of the United States, that such channels have, in a great degree, superseded the natural routes ; for the reason that the direction of the American internal com- merce is between the agricultural and the commercial and manufacturing districts, which are zot connected by the two great outlets, the Missis- sippi and the St. Lawrence rivers. Produce leaving Burlington, Iowa, following its‘natural outlet, is landed at New Orleans; or, leaving De- troit, and following its natural course, at Quebec. By the changing influence of artificial channels, it is now easily borne to New York, Philadelphia, Boston, or Baltimore.* These are the facts which give so great consequence to the leading artificial lines of communication, such as the Erie canal, Erie railroad, Western railroad, the Pennsylvania railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, the Mobile and Ohio railroad, the Virginia works in progress for connecting the seaboard of that State with the western States; the South Carolina railroad ; the several works in Georgia, and other roads and canals alluded to in the report. ; Many portions of the country are without even natural outlets, by which to forward their products to the great leading or national routes of commerce. Their products are comparatively valueless, on account of the cost of transportation to market. The wheat and corn grown in the central portions of Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri, will not, on the spot, command one quarter their value in New York or the other markets on the Atlantic coast. This difference in value, between the points of production and con- sumption, is owing to the cost of transportation. Hence the necessity of local as well as national channels to the development of our re- PRON Wem OrCAiIS £6 ANGI, VOLK. 0 «0's «sss cisisdussre © ac.e.oe ©. 0nje/e.ereren a’epete a 4,290 miles. vy rg TOPE IMAC EIPIN 6 oo ctale cette nine sc n?o es ie aie’ eicia'a vale 6 em 4,054 ** ce 46 POE aOR Sees here ie Wise ee Mou eS oie Sada l Mai Sok lathe 3. GAB iat Ug aa De OSEIAED ie ee as ph oe ded oho ie 15 eleva es Minin eal cra euerbald whevei(e 4.898" ote aes PMCHEC ASOD Cote lees soc edicie ae settee sob He dee ee cea ee eae 2) 696" tees big SU SCSI ota Pe tah Tag MEG Laat AE es Mahe ASN Rie TS a ts ae a 3,304.5 42 Sr Wimmera Mb, heed oS ic avait sal Sle ss ml lad crete ala) Ge,» a/avaze 3, DAO 455 & o£ MMPIINOEG.-otsraie oe aas cues Gee hase tow 3k ccs i dipi dlieetbaten Slo & ‘6 * to New Orleans ¢ 609) 0s. ee. a ie Sroka aheeune he aie! eters TSS 10 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON sources, and to the further creation and wider extension of inland com- merce. Efforts to construct channels of commerce suited to its wants are now engrossing the energies and capital of the whole coyntry. We have already constructed thirteen thousand miles of railroads, and have at least thirteen thousand more in progress. Our roads completed have cost four hundred millions; those in progress will cost at least two hundred and sixty millions more—making an aggregate of six hundred and sixty millions. These roads are indispensable to keep alive and develop the industry of the country. The cost of these roads will not be less than twenty thousand dollars per mile, requiring an annual outlay of about eighty millions for works in progress. The capital of the country is not equal to this demand, without creating embarrassment in the ordinary channels of business; and unless we can avail ourselves of foreign capital, a portion of our works will be retarded, or we shall be involved in financial trouble. We could borrow from England, Holland, and France, at compara- tively low rates, the money needed for our works; and it is believed by statesmen that by a judicious extension of our commerce with other parts of Europe to which hitherto less attention has been paid than it deserves, inducements could be created for the investment of a portion of their large surplus capital in profitable works of internal improvement in this country, yielding high rates of interest, provided the foreign capitalists could be made to fully understand our condition, the necessity that exists for these works, and the prospect of their yield- ing a remunerating traffic. As it is, our works are mainly carried on by aid of foreign capital; but we have to pay, at times, exorbitant rates for the use of money, simply because so little is known of the objects, value, and productiveness of our works. One course adopted by many of those who are constructing the roads im progress is to raise money upon what are called road bonds. These bonds are based upon the whole cost of the road, and are consequently perfectly safe investments. They are, notwithstanding, sold, on an average, as low as 85 or 87 cents on the dollar, and the capitalist is alone benefited by the advance. One object which the undersigned has had in view in the prepara- tion of this report, is to diffuse information that will secure an active demand for our sound securities at the best rates, so that the public- spirited companies who are struggling under heavy burdens may receive what their securities are actually worth, and may not be compelled to heavy sacrifices. Our companies during the present year will be bor- rowers in the market for fifty millions, to be raised, in a great degree, on these railroad bonds. This amount will be borrowed mostly from European capitalists, at a discount of 12 to 15 per cent., making an aggregate loss of six to seven millions. These bonds bear 7 per cent. interest. The above discount brings the rate of interest on a bond having ten years to run to about 83 per cent. per annum. These bonds are sold at the above rates, because so little is known of the projects, or of the real strength of the country. _The purchasers demand a premium in the nature of insurance, and as soon as it is COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ee found there is no risk, they demand and receive a premium equal to a perfect security. It is no part of this report to advocate, in any way whatever, any particular railroad, or any particular route of commerce; but in view of the unquestionable necessity that exists for more knowledge on these points, both at home and abroad—in view of the somewhat surprising fact that we have no published documents which contain any information in reference to our public works, calculated to throw light upon the subject, the undersigned has felt it his duty to meet, as far as possible, the wants of that great interest, although the shortness of time allowed, and the difficulty of obtaiming materials, has rendered the work much less perfect than he could have wished. The accompanying re- port on the railroads and canals of the United States, prepared with the assistance of Mr. Henry V. Poor, the editor of the American Railroad Journal, New York, with his map annexed, to which reference has been made, may, it is hoped, prove to be of value not only to the railroad interest, but to the country generally, and important at this period to American and European capitalists. The undersigned conceives that the position of our internal commerce, as illustrated in this report, may well be a subject of national pride. For the last few centuries, the attention of the world has been given to maritime commerce, created by the discovery of America and the ocean path to the East Indies. The world entered upon a new epoch when the great maritime powers struggled for dominion on the high seas. As an eloquent American writer* has said: “Ancient navigation kept near the coasts, or was but a passage from isle to isle; commerce now se- lects, of choice, the boundless deep. ‘« The three ancient continents were divided by no wide seas, and their intercourse was chiefly by land. Their voyages were like ours on Lake Erie—a continuance of internal trade. The vastness of their transac- tions was measured not by tonnage, but by counting caravans and camels. But now, for the wilderness, commerce substitutes the sea; for camels, merchantmen; for caravans, fleets and convoys.” Our time presents another epoch in commercial history. Internal trade resumes in this country its ancient dominion. Commerce now avails itself of lakes and rivers, as well as of the sea, and often substi- tutes the former for the latter. For merchantmen, it now substitutes steamboats; for fleets and convoys, canal boats and freight trains on railroads. Upon this commerce thatof the sea depends. Its prosperity is the surest foundation of national power.. As has been said by a philosophical historian,t “An extensive and lively commerce would most easily, and therefore the soonest, be found on the banks of large rivers running through countries rich in natural productions. Such streams facilitate the intercourse of the inhabitants; and a lively trade at home, which promotes national industry, is always the surest foun- dation of national wealth, and consequently of foreign trade. ‘The course of the latter depends in a great measure upon exterior circumstances and relations, which cannot always be controlled; but internal com- on being the sole work of the nation, only declines with the nation itself.” * Bancroft. { Heeren. 12 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON THE TRADE, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. ® In conformity with your personal directions, and pursuant to your written instructions, the undersigned has diligently prosecuted certain inquiries with reference to the British North American colonies, more especially as regards their foreign, internal, and intercolonial trade, their commerce and navigation, and their fisheries. Having procured some new and special information on these several points, of much in- terest to citizens of the United States, he submits the same without delay, in the briefest possible form, to the consideration of the gov- ernment. Since his appointment as consul at St. John, New Hetcick in 1843, the undersigned has had the honor, on several occasions, of calling he attention of : government to the extent, value, and importance of the trade and navigation of the British North American colonies, and of pointing out the necessity of action on the part of the general government, to meet the important commercial changes which have taken place within the last few years. He has also had the honor of suggesting the neces- sity of wise and liberal legislation in relation to this important and valuable trade, with the view of securing its profits and advantages to citizens of the United States, in whose immediate neighborhood it exists, and to whom, under a fair and equal system of carina in- tercourse, it may be said to appertain. In the beginning of this report, the undersigned has replied - to one part of the resolution of the Senate in relation to the trade and com- merce of the great lakes; and in the latter portion he has the honor to submit a number of documents and statistical returns in relation to the British North American colonies, made up to the latest possible mo- ment. He most respectfully, but earnestly, solicits the attention of the government, and of the whole commercial community, to the docu- ments and returns herewith submitted, and requests a particular exam- ination of the separate reports on each colony, respectively, and of the special reports on the British colonial and French fisheries of North America; which, at this time, will be found to possess much interest. The undersigned also invites particular attention to the sketch of the early history, and present state of our knowledge of the geology, miner- alogy, and topography, of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, prepared expressly for this report, by one of our most distinguished geologists, Dr. Charles T. Jackson, who, in conjunction with Mr. Alger, of Bos- ton, first brought to public notice the hs pate mineral resources of these provinces. That full confidence may be placed in the statements relating to trade and commerce of the colonies embraced in this report, it may be proper to state that each colony has been visited—the three following : Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—several times in person by the undersigned, and that the returns have been carefully compiled not only from official documents, but from trustworthy private resources; and in this connexion the undersigned gratefully expresses his obligations - COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 13 to ‘Thomas C. Keefer, esq., Montreal, for his contributions respecting the resources, trade, and commerce of Canada. The possessions of Great Britain in North America, exclusive of the West India Islands, are, the united provinces of Canada East and Canada West, the provinge of New Brunswick, the province of Nova Scotia, which includes the island of Cape Breton, the island colonies of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, Labrador, and_ the wide-spread region (including Vancouver’s Island, the most important position on the Pacific ocean) under the control of the Hudson’s Bay Company, extending from Labrador to the Pacific, and from the north- ern bounds of Canada to the Arctic ocean, except the districts claimed by Russia. These possessions, viewed merely with reference to their vast super- fices, which exceeds four millions of geographical square miles, comprise a territory of great importance, more especially when the manifold advantages of their geographical position are taken into con- sideration. But their importance should be estimated less by their territorial extent than by the numerous resources they contain; their great capabilities for improvement; the increase of which their com- merce is susceptible ; and the extensive field they present for coloniza- tion and. settlement. The Britisk North American provinces, to which these reports and documents are more especially confined, occupy comparatively but’ a small portion of the aggregate superfices of the whole of the British possessions on this continent; yet they cover a wide extent of country, as will be perceived by the following statement of their area : Memes Mast, (acres) 2 i. oS oe 128,659,680 Riri ONY CSE iis 2s te es 31,745,539 ———_— _ 160,405,219 leer Us Wig Fo 2 ee ee Oe 22,000,000 Beye cod Proper). 9. Se 9,534,196 Meter ercrons fs es ae 2,000,000 ——_—_ 11,534,196 1 ET S017 GEE SC NWA oe ik ak i Re rae eae on 23,040,000 Rernee ot warel tsi hee PG os BA ine a lot 1,860,000 Total area British North American provinces.... 218,339,415 In 1830 the population of all these provinces was stated at 1,375,000 souls. ‘The census returns at the close of the year 1851, give the following as their present population : eater wast anid West) sk SO Se Poy 1,842,265 Pee sober ere ale SN oe pe ee os a oe 193,000 Berea Deelidesic tape breton so) yy bouts ie ee ye 277,005 PRE WONG lente Me ei a Me ea a Ae BeBe 101,600 ace 1d weave sisla nds ae Se a CN a Ss Sine 62,678 414 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The following table is an abstract from the late Canadian census: Origin. Lower Upper Total. Canada. | Canada. . ' * Natives of England and Wales..........00+ oe ae ae otek : 11,230 82,699 93,929 Seathatid ois. Caste waleneelers aia, ey Gioa EC aie eae enero 14,565 75,811 90,376 Preland:.'\s 22 ajomuserecteeiniane cteeh vials 2 1e% eale s SRS 51,499 | 176,267 227, 766 Canada, French origin.......... a heleteterntele Swe 669 ,528 26,417 795,945 66 Sipaoh OnnF roneh’ Qrigiin!:) iii. )oistecos's jaca = 125,580 | 526,093 691, 673 Ube Meta bese ate oe) ol eper a scien, cletelel winie miee eine --| 12,482 43,732 56,214 Nova Scotia and Prince Kdward............. 474 3,785 4,259 New Brunswick..........+++ culate ve weiter ele eee 480 2,634 | 3,114 New iOUNGIANG 5. 0,5 cciiciae as © | 954, 935 Pewmoundiand .: sca ts 0G: cheichieieiec' sie’ 13 600, 750 || 998, 735°] 1 ,655, 695 Prnce Edward Island :. . scs's'e eo oe Maer ss 70,200,000 Although it appears by this statement, that, as in most new countries, the amount of imports greatly exceeds the estimated value of the ex- ports, yet 1t must be taken into account that the apparent balance of trade against the colonies is fully overcome by the low price at which their exports are valued at the places of shipment, as compared with the prices obtained abroad; the value of new ships sold in England; the freights earned by these ships while on their way to a market; and the large freights earned by colonial ships in transporting the bulky products of the colonies to foreign countries ; all of which profits, sales, and earning®, accrue to the colonial merchant, and render the trade of the colonies, at the present time, healthy and prosperous. After presenting the preceding statements the undersigned does not deem it necessary to discuss in an elaborate manner the many interest- ing questions which they will, on examination, unquestionably present to the statesmen of England and America; more especially as the Vann of reciprocal free trade between the United States and the British North American Colonies is now before Congress, and received especial attention in a previous report of the undersigned submitted to yourself, and printed as Executive Document No. 23, 31st Congress, 2d ~- session. From 1794 to 1830 the trade of the colonies was a subject of much negotiation between the two governments, and was always considered by John Quincy Adams as one of great consequence to the United . States. This protracted and almost useless negotiation produced no other results than a contraction of the trade of the colonies, and an estrangement between the people of both countries. — ~~ Tt is well known to the Department of the Treasury that Mr. McLane’s arrangements with England, in 1830, in relation to this trade, were most unsatisfactory to the commercial community, and called forth, from that interest, urgent remonstrances against their par- tial character. 'Time has, however, proved their beneficial operation upon the general interests of the American and colonial trade, thus fur- nishing another proof that profitable commerce can only exist in perfect freedom. Although the convention of 1830, upon the whole, had a_ beneficial influence, yet it still left the trade of the United States with the colunies subject to many onerous and unnecessary restrictions, which have had a very injurious effect upon it. Until near the year 1840, that trade did not rapidly increase; but then it suddenly expanded. From that veriod to the present time there has been a constant increase, but by no COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 21 means to the extent which would have unquestionably taken place if the trade had been wholly unfettered, and allowed to flow freely in its natural course. It is somewhat singular, that, notwithstanding the geographical posi- tion of these colonies with reference to the United States, and the national importance of the various relations with them, no change has taken place in the policy of this country toward them for nearly a quarter of a century, (while so much that is wise and great has been accomplished during the same period for the benefit of commerce in this and other countries,) except the drawback law of 1846, which has increased the export of foreign goods from $1,363,767, in 1846, to $2,954,536, in 1851. For many years after the Revolution, under a wise and saga- cious policy, the colonial trade received a very considerable share of attention, and efforts were made to place it on an equitable, if not a liberal basis; but it unfortunately became involved with questions em- bracing the whole foreign policy of the country, which prevented the adoption of permanent measures of a liberal character. Soon afier the imperial act of 1846, which had such a disastrous effect ! upon colonial trade, delegates were sent from Canada to this country to arrange the terms of a reciprocal free trade in certain specified articles. The proposition was favorably received by Mr. Polk’s administration, and was ably supported in Congress by leading gentlemen of both , parties. A bill was introduced in 1848 for reciprocal free trade with ~ Canada in certain articles, which passed the House of Representatives, —— and would probably have passed the Senate, but for the great pressure =~ of other important matters. This bill of 1848 was considered by a portion of the people of the United States as strictly a colonial measure, for the benefit of the colo- nists only ; especially, it was supposed that it might prove prejudicial to the agricultural interests of this country, as Canada for a few years has been an exporter of wheat toa small extent; but the subject having since been discussed, it has exhibited itself in a new light, and is now considered by many as one of equal interest to the United States and to the colonies. The agriculture of a country is well considered as its most valuable interest. It was natural therefore, that the first question raised as to the policy of reciprocal trade, should have related to the effects of free Canadian consumption upon cur agricultural interests. The accom- panying tables, showing the total production of wheat, rye, and corn, in the United States, for the year 1850, with the quantity of agricultu- ral produce in Canada, show that nothing is to be feared from Canadian consumption. 99 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Agricultural Abstract—Upper and Lower Canada, 1851. Lands, produce, live stock, and domestic manu- Lower factures. Canada. Number of persons occupying lands..... a eriatere she 94,449 Of whom those held 10 acres and under.........- 13,261 TO SEO oO aa et Ls te aad aleve 2,701 AO EO OD eS 6 5s shee wiee' 17,409 DOO TLOO Os hile eal to see 37,885 100) to; 200" ee eee eae : 18,608 Owens QOD ey i Mies ateio cine 4,685 Number of acres held by the above...........00- 8,113,915 ‘© -under cultivation........2sseee. 3,605,517 2 a 6c) Crops: In LOOT. 0 ' be sae o's 2,072,953 “ as 66 PAStULE see cereeecee.« Babe 1,502,355 6 x *¢ gardens and orchards..... 30,209 és ‘¢ wild or under wood....... reese} 4,508,398 a C6 NIG ETN Meaitus oys10gte wena evens cota ieiakelle AAT és = ee gD ATIC Vis clanteieierare statis alee!» 42,927 3 a SE TYCs eee ce ee cc rece ccnees 46,007 ae ee S$ POAS.eceescecccrecseccens 165,192 ee ae $ OAtS .. cc cecrereccacoccces 590, 422 <6 a Se WiDUGK Wheat. alles. bre seye ee 51,781 : CORA UmteMeDT Erte ec ae nes ie, el sate etet= e 22, 669 #3 a S$ potatoes ..... cee eeusences 73,244 as ef $6, AALETIPSicl ne «tm es'o/s\sim/eeln loin, = 3,897 és oe ‘¢ other crops, fallow and idle. 649,703 Produce in bushels— Wheat Suataiete WHE oi tune a eimesuetate ns 3,075,868 UPON ere can) ehavelahan aterete seta ee 668, 626 Es dc EVE ateteleinie le’ telat etal ceyetnss ee 341,443 ee 2 LEGIT Geet ReL we tees Gewey sete a5 1,182,190 ce «6 Cai Nec ee es .»-| 8,967,594 6 be BUCK WHEDL cies os sje peieie ae © 530,417 ‘s i IVE SAE es elercale eicie eielele ans let m 2! 400,287 “c id SE OEREOES eiateraile/ateleda tele) oabekeliate rt 4,456,111 ce ce MESON S 2 a oi ol crastalal oleae) natal 369,909 “ . Clover and grass shedetccues 18,921 2 me CATrOLSs ais/0e trejaeis «ee celine 0 82,344 “ = Mangel wurtzel . 00. ..2.65 103,999 se as RAMI ti cleicieylaiaetatat ele nlatal e fehmic 23 , 602 es lbs. IGOR a Seis 5 Shas Gees 6 111,158 Be tons. PUY ryeetnotaetele ie tess eisueteueel oye: 965,653 J: lbs. BWfasxcOr empicine velar esis se eye) 1,867,016 “ fr MODACCOV niet e's alere = eee ofeleue 488 , 652 « « Wicolae eA Metso te 1,430,976 2 es Wie Pe SUS ahaa el cla aie eal Steel 6,190,694 EB galls. GTR RE Cr Rise eR Sir 53,327 30 yards. Wulled:-cloth=2..7.. fis stew sient 780,891 es ae | ETI DEY GP a ei te acs AF et 889 ,523 f Re BPATMCLY ce he hee taieon be ehe ate 860,850 Live Stock—Bulls, oxen, and steers........ee00-- 111,819 IVINCHH CONS. fe etaltais Turkey. Wheat imported— Quarters. | Quarters. } Quarters. Quarters. Quarters. | Quarters. Into Hin wlan)... ssicises tice Genes 98, 751 6, 045 465, 603 1,748,661 | 172,795 2,491, 855 Scotland feces st 1,948 2,729 21, 642 440, 591 28, 232 495, 142 Wigs bwovils OO See oj esamessablodoooTeorpaolboaoN soats 108, 110 565, 766 78, 122 751, 998 the United Kingdom...... 100, 699 8, 174. 595, 855 2,755,018 | 279,149 3, 738, 995 Wheat flour (actual weight) im- ported— Cut. Cut. Cw. Cut. Cut. intowbin land: sce scission cierstety> 1,397,797 | 121,012 [1,524,512 97, 960 3, 149, 660 Scotland yee coe eee 116,992. | 121,341 201, 889 10, 061 451, 067 Trelamnden yy oe a eee tan ae 12,369 2,939 198, 774 4, 608 218, 718 the United Kingdom...... 1,527,158 | 245,292 {1,925,175 112, 629 8, 819, 440 Wheat flour (reduced to its equiva- lent in quarters of wheat) im- ported— Quariers. | Quarters. | Quarters. Quarters. Quarters. into, Hapland .)%,.3.) fetes 399, 371 34, 574 435, 575 27, 989 899, 908 Peotlandi.uiioc wie iw ee 33, 426 384, 669 57, 682 2,875 128, 876 Brolanas Gs eames 3, 584 840 56, 793 1,316 62, 489 the United Kingdom...... 436, 331 70, 083 559, 050 32, 180 1,091, 268 Ageregate of wheat and wheat flour imported— Pinto Pn slaM aie ce eh ce eters 498, 122 40, 619 901, 178 1,776,650 | 175,189 8,391, 758 DCOUAMA So, ) .-20880ibushelen nec oo ineie Dsei ee a value, $150,288 Flour!) 04,176. barrels tw io ees 1 en ee 191,750 Coma. * 6 S3:3806 ‘bushels. jie Li. See ee 39,158 Meer ora oe Sel ha ee, 6,911 388,107 TO OTHER BRITISH N. A. COLONIES OTHER THAN CANADA. . mlb AM beat. 12619071. bushele it. eee Soe pie ee value, $220,519 Plour. 2% 200; 664 Bartels fe) te Re Sh Oh ee 945,387 Worn 3 101.0569 joushels. 20)... Medan ack. ee 66,199 Meal, dadian. 57,273 barrels | o35540. Cut ae eee 173,537 Rreale(rye) andvother greats. oo) 5 2oiicea shoe ee eee e... 172,187 1,577,629 It will be easily seen by these tables that the whole of the Canadian wheat, &c., imported in bond, is re-exported to England and the colo- nies; and also, in addition, that the export to Canada and the colonies, for their consumption, is nearly two millions of breadstuffs the produce of the United States The upper province, generally known as Canada West, has a greater interest in a free intercourse with the United States than Lower Canada or Canada East. The origin, language, and other distinctive features of the inhabitants of Lower Canada, make their affinities with the United States much less than those of the Upper Canadians. More- over, the geographical position of Upper Canada makes New York a more convenient, while it is at the same time a larger and more secure market for her produce, than Montreal or Quebec. ‘The various lines COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 29 of railway, leading from the Atlantic to the lakes, give to the inhabi- tants of the upper province facilities of communication with New York, during a part of the year when access to Quebec is extremely difficult. The canal tolls levied by the State of New York on Canadian pro- duce passing through her canals toward tide-water, amounted, in two years, 1850 and 1851, as near as could be ascertained, to over six hun- dred thousand dollars ; and property passing through the same channels from tide-water, for the same period, probably paid half as much more; making about four hundred and fifty thousand dollars annually con- tributed by the Canadian trade to New York canals. Imports into Canada from the United States, giving the principal articles and values, jor the year 1851. Articles. Values. Tea ..s.cee 27 Hop on ecaniiee as Srehs Meese ol a soe te teie ra abe aallel a talfota “a sie /wfcliotd ls) ove 0. $893,216 SRCOOs A ia cie.c 6.6 ws bo ve wc cniece ee SOR d doa de WORSE AS OAS SSeS SBOE 403, 860 Cotton manufactures... .cescecccscscceccencresecres Tee 65565350. a5 nh 565,124 Woollen manufactures. ......ssss:005 eco see eerece cece resees eines cecccese 439,260 Hardware manufactures... .. 2... ccseececcrescreccecs Cn ces censventves are 318,844 Wooden Ware... 2s. scsecscrcecc eres cece cece secre ce carers cteeesesscsees 53,724 Machinery ........... {2 Ba ee pips ave aid cotecrentetel doit, saitel siete tole vine aisle aie = 85,768 Hoots and shoes... ...........-. YACE IPO. SUC EONE Ho ose acoeacisqco: 42,592 ELMER: LCALTOT”=)<75, o/ac,2) dc’ 6s, Ws) so el e)en wishere Were ote! a 'e cha's'as 6, éPsla%s, 01 oa sahe 47,388 Hides. ..2......0. Sakis aise Sehaeteniene Seca Seca nebo db Che solkbinosmnagos 89,204 MI TMOG ole a) oidinlo, «b/c, aie 'vi nie na bine 0 nc 0) s'e nie) cies cies e 4s viele elsiaw'e se sa 126,232 Oil, not palm...... pte ee Bese NAc RM Ses oe ano Be Ae BR Hcg be Boece 47,804 PR GOi et ced cies ia. terre oes) aoe here tate wAiwlatensaucivete «,-o eberaletaieid sts. Sate eerste ect 32,996 Sic ee Bee CeO Ce ah ate o Seas PU scot tier il te ue 19,920 Sugar oo o's vjee'e Sie o(sia, o-ciss, © isa) Wyye s ¢.a\e, cla ‘alaleielelssieta’ cies 0's ase tee cie's os 278,468 olasses..... Coe ce en ss ee cccrssevenses eetceees Wa,0 leis siv sin'ee nls cle ee > sees 19,296 ReMN EN eeiaais|sibiad = ov win ointels cw’ oleien'e « sis'e sander’ se see ents of) Sake ane oes seine. 79,816 MGIASS oie eo o'en on cose ccc ts cn cc cose rn cpeee byes rn 91615) satu ls! shaio ial le «mm oi vie ateeretoraie 18,828 Coal..... Eitan doled oi eieis © ois eee e enn c's s viapinis ve'e vere tien sis « SP Meloiw si n\0i se aren 38, 652 Tas winies ot cine v's ai leet ole) oe aa oles as’ « oheate 5 Tee ae Siku, btw @ mrokiel lela s70"e 44,264 Manufactures of silk ........ Goel bepeeyneeai(ele, o,n ala, s sein ep aunno Gdei ah eid gid sie shan 69s 80,768 Manutactures of India rubber .... 2.2.00 ccccccsscccsecennce RAR ans SON ee 53,960 DIE EE oie wc.ce oc tent wince tc cdeesccress eaieelgini sails oelcoia alae aie ns deiele we 12,680 RE eels ake. nial MMe Soe vlc, oem idieis olnicinws necre a\slee = « pl egactexalsate tes met vedeieryabets 116,988 a ayaslatels ERAS WA Saas OO ROI 6 Ce Be crinis BEN aes= = 81,144 ee OEE ene chegeyer aba al era eher arg W'wlae: brea Ciel elalala ale cteeretara tel 17,544 PRHUACEALCG 5 @ oe n.s\ae's » ap noe Sole wes ss iis als Seale pete teetal SB Bk eS Stic 4,780,372 8,788,712 30 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON oi from Canada to the United States, giving the principal articles and values, for the year 1851. | . Articles. Values. ASHIOS cic wey.a ch, sin oe (o:-e.n 9 keds ities lover eis iplintael oe Wiese an duelerveerle davai ole indole Ue eliclsls teiaie nti en $65,992 ASUANINET = Sus ore oho elebecve ss a ere eee AS ccdte alae 0 mean eten ater che Ie ate teehee 766 , 628 Shingles 2... cssscccccecsceccessencmsseccsccctecncsccer ceases eucseresace 20,732 Cattle ofall kimds and Siege sb o..eeicecalsiad. o's rainarslin vein) avers mnjeracacvelenete eaneiene nena 140,176 IRI ESES. wic s aiseieeiteicieis wie ieee Wid miea ele wowed die eie/eraleie wie eslgie ocala Gleetey ee Renee eae yenanenaee 185,848 WV O08 0405 6 ak dae Bie ho Witrle erates dice ael Sta, wap archaile|Sibla sual Rie tge s taleelal meted anes aaa 41,896 Wheatsicee ees Brey Le ae jaiertd er baie bie leila leicenes dle Siete achat eel cat oleate aa Renee nea 491,760 PT OUR wii orsusene o. Siraeig wits dessa eo Weaver adeeb. tase elgagetoneielae eltalaialiceialece ederliage Ve ieee iment 1,181,484 Barley and rye. .ccccccccccceneccveressveccsssccuenrevcseceessssesueuses 75,596 SAMS AMA PEAS. s). nc celenics ome ayeicle delavevels opiate nisin sa lebie nteeka sates Hwreclene pena ee 41,588 Oa Vere et Sistas salig vais le are aie's ep Wises Slaw eae © erate lewloub ie’ alia.lbcellele Aaland ital ele Soteieteaes ean 135,708 MATT CT ie cs joie nin leyesve' « sinjaie\omisie\e!s lacinincils, aehelala « meinia\evel= ( | 3 ol =) MGIMADME «ees sees $181,915 02 | $27,472 47 | $154,442 55 |....-00e--4 1 Champlain..........-.| 133,326 68 | 22,965 22 | *109,751 44 |....cnecees 2 Oswegatchie.......... 42,842 41 | 16,002 22 OA Ub Lon | svetareietielateisiatele 3 | Pope Veent........| (92,410 78'| 147999 58 Sie ool ene, We) rn Sackett’s Harbor......' 1660394) 21, OOO OSes cei fences wie $10,397 41 }...4 1 MICO se crersivic) ss = 0’ e aie 273,173 92 | 38,210 43 | 234,947 50 |........ aie etalaaired MGR Oy daiatcasic sss se | 45,324 66 | 13,368 47 TL, 122 GO) fens ealeeide)sle at O Niagara ..... 6.0.0. 44,076 44 | 21,277 69 FD TOC Ids || mentee evel as shee 7 Gaol ss sas ss s| 148,740.03 | 49,601, 19 NOS, SS5) 150 ave stalntehebeeie 2) 8 Erie, (Presque Isle).... DSS 2G | BE OAS. eiealasce oem) Pe sie ie 30,169, 09) jo ssl OiyanOsad . 2.2.00. os | 126,677 24) 13,228 71 113,448 53) } a ed cece we 9 SUID TS) oe 34,018 44 5,927 49 DS POOO I aiisialals nila /aiaia's 10 Ls eae | 244 54 DEE ol ESOP AAioue 2,020 86 {264 3 REET ON ieee wes 40500) 0 47,935 42 | 32,868 22 153067 20 eo se cicee sie» 11 Michilimackinac. .... 1,797 42 Arad PUR lie akaied ops le yee seins 2,737 60 |.... UIC Sle ss fo a oc'e oe 10,670 41 | 10,360 73 §154 75 jo cseeees Seca 12 . 1,130,912 21 | 331,486 14 844,338 50 | 46,129 96 The first proposition for reciprocal free trade was confined to Canada alone, and limited to certain natural products of either country; but the question has since taken a wider range. It is now believed that an arrangement can be effected and carried out for the free interchange between the United States and the colonies, of all the products of either whether of agriculture, of mines, of the forest, or of the sea, in con- nexion with an agreement for the free navigation of the rivers St. Lawrence and St. John, the concession of a concurrent right with British subjects to the sea fisheries near the shores of the colonies, and the remission of the export duty levied in New Brunswick on timber * After deducting $610 02—moiety of sales merchandise distributed per act April 2, ’44, s. 3. A aaa ae 15 99—duties on merchandise refunded. ey 233 53—expenses attending prosecutions. p> as ee 253 06—moiety of sales merchandise distributed per act April 2, 44,8. 3. O4.% ite 154 93—duties on merchandise refunded. gL 2 eel 1,267 53—deducted from net revenue. RECAPITULATION. BATES TEVENUS Tia alte » »-y ou) 2 $1,130,912 21 | Net revenue... ...+seseeeeeaee $844,338 50 PIRHGHBES ihe <4 saldeyie be ~ shm'e 331,436 14 | Excess of expenses «.......e.00- 46,129 96 | | ' : 793,208 54 Add amount deducted..... 1,267 53 | 799,476 07 799,476 07 FB . 32 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON and lumber cut within the limits of the United States, and floated down the river St. John, for shipment to American ports. ~ , The free navigation of the St. Lawrence was a prominent subject of discussion during the administration of John Quincy Adams. At this time it is greatly desired by all those western States bordering on the great lakes, as their natural outlet to the sea. The free navigation of the St. John has been rendered absolutely necessary by the provisions of the treaty of Washington, and it would be a great advantage to the extensive lumber interest in the northeast- ern portion of the Union. The repeal of the export duty on American lumber floated down the St. John to the sea would be but an act of justice to the lumbermen of that quarter, upon whom it now presses severely, and who have strong claims to the consideration of the gov- ernment. At present there are no products of the colonial mines exported to the United States, except a small quantity of coals from New Bruns- wick, and a larger quantity from the coal fields of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. A notice of these coal fields, and a statement of the quantity of coals exported from them to the United States, will be found under the head of Novia Scotia. , = Tpie ch, wae ao « 240 80 84 565 $, 600 PRE ine nas oe evans one he we 0's e 180 35 500 232 6,300 EL ia, jet bis ab teniaie daiee Eden b winhaye Dp Satish lhe yd sinhanierd ithe: Po asin's Sieiableadit arias « 90,000 These lakes are estimated to drain an entire area of 330,515 square miles, and discharge their waters into the ocean through the river St. Lawrence, which is rendered navigable from Lake Erie downward to all vessels not exceeding 130 feet keel, 26 beam, and 10 feet draught, and the free navigation of which for American bottoms may, it is anti- cipated, be acquired by the concession of reciprocity of trade to the Canadian government. The whole traffic of these great waters may be now unhesitatingly stated at $326,000,000, employing 74,000 tons of steam, and 138,000 tons of sail, for the year 1851; whereas, previous to 1800 there was scarcely a craft above the size of an Indian canoe, to stand against an aggregate marine, built up within half a century, in what was then almost a pathless wilderness, of 215,000 tons burden. It may be inter- esting to state that the first American schooner on Lake Erie was built at Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1797, but she was lost soon afterward, and the example was not followed. Another point should be here mentioned in regard to this vast aug- mentation of maritime force and tonnage, which is, that the increase of business is most inadequately represented by the increase of tonnage ; 46 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON since, by the increased capacities of the vessels, their speed while under way, their dispatch in loading and unloading, and the substitution of steam as a motive power, both for sail on the waters and for human labor at the dock, the amount of traffic actually performed by the same amount of tons in 1851, as compared with that performed im 1841, is greater by ten-fold. To illustrate this position, it is worthy of notice that, in 1839, the twenty-five largest steamers on these lakes had an average of 449 tons burden, the largest being of 800 tons. In 185] the average of the twenty-five largest fell little short of 1,000 tons, and the average of the whole steam fleet, consisting of 157 steamers and propellers, was 437 tons. Ten years since, from a week to ten days was allowed to a first- rate steamer for a voyage from Buffalo to Detroit and back. In 1851, three days only were required by first-rate steamers, and four to five by propellers. These facts show that four times as much business is transacted in 1851 by ten steamers as was effected by the same number in 1841. The substitution of steam for sail in the same period has, it is evident, effected a yet greater increase in the speed of transit and celerity of iranshipment ; and this substitution is hourly on the increase; in proof of which, of 7,000 tons of shipping now on the stocks at Buffalo, 250 only—one brig—are sail ; all the remainder steam or propellers. Of this latter species of vessels the increase is so great and so regu- lar, and so rapidly are they growing into favor, that there can be but little doubt that they are destined ultimately to supersede vessels pro- pelled by sail only, especially for voyages of moderate length, and in localities where fuel is abundant and easily to be procured. In no region of the globe are these two conditions, on which rests the availa- bility of screw-steamers, more perfectly complied with than on the lakes, where the longest voyages do not exceed three weeks, at an ex- treme calculation, and where bituminous coal of a very fine quality can be procured at an average price of three dollars and a half per ton, and at many points at two and a half on the docks. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 47 The following table, taken from a very valuable report by Messrs. Mansfield and Gallagher, of the statistics and steam marine of the United States for 1851, will show the comparative force of the steamers em- ployed in the oceanic and the lake trade, and will exhibit a result suf- ficiently surprising to readers unacquainted with the business of the interior : Description of vessels. Number. Tonnage. Ocean steamers... .(COaSt) ....ecceeeecrenvnscees 91,475 Ordinary steamers... .do...... P sele shea a wicend eau 90,738 Propellers ...+++...-- Os sisiaiv'n sine cir sess a 004 ng 12,245 Steam ferry boats.....do...sseseccccreccccrecces 18,041 NGPAN COS. wa sca e cate ceccsnavedaeees serene 212,500 Ordinary steamers, lake and river......s0++sse000- 184, 262 Propellers... 2... 0eeces Oe cccccccencncscccces 15,729 Steam ferry boats ........ DO. ss secs cies se reas nye 4,733 Total lake and river......... A er 204,725 PMERMEIMIREEATINIG, COASEs oasis eas as cea sos caueeresces 212,500 Dears Wide AIM as ow Sains otto oe a dae spice 204, 725 ME a NTA aia cues coe wi 7) woe elas Ao pew ante ees 417,226 Excess of lake and river........sscecerscceecsess 7,775 dim. The distribution of steamers in the basin of the lakes is as follows: PI OF ENNP TOM. 6. Bold whe. eae n li es + Hs bg TL Tp lage ON NAN ck, ace ig ee 6 LESTE) NIE a ie age Mea GRINS “ea ee 4 SEE Te as SIE G6) ER SR OIC 1 LCI ES aig a SO A Sipe Sea Mile fy Me aba 9 | S30 E15.3 5) Seale aan a aa allele ine Roe gD wih Mite) ae ce te a alee ee ee eo ] TILE 0 Sage: Ramm SM ash My Wy gt la A a Ra 42 eae Se ce lS foal ag UN el li aig 7 Cleveland): : >: dp ela erg ad ys ven dM adh sn A 13 Sey ee ee he nee tle 1 sg Eta lic Md RD i RM ai cst AEA a OLA lg 4 re SI tke HE AO OES 47 Nichia nae io Se ee TEER i SS SBS eee aM ay 1 al lly i lea ae 4 The number on each lake is— ee dea pel i a ai aR CP Se Ne oe 17 Dea OG CU nr ie ee Me Lg jE i il aaa ci aces a ae are ea 114 Pe ee ee ae aT A 12 48 , ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The entire number of vessels and crews of the interior trade amounts: to 140 bottoms, and 5,837 men, in excess of the whole ocean and coast navy, though the tonnage employed in the former is smaller by 7,775 tons. It is for this wealthy commerce of the interior that all the Atlantic cities are now striving, in earnest competition, by the creation of new outlets and avenues, for its transaction; and this very competition is good evidence that all the eastern or New England and middle States. are, in some sort, more or less affected by it. | The great system of exchange between the cities of the ocean sea- board and the entire West is transacted through the lakes, and the channels connected with them; and it is not uninteresting to observe that the increase of the population in the Atlantic States, and that of the tonnage of the West, have kept even pace with each other. Lable of population and tonnage. bee fiw | 3 | aiip 8 ge 5 8¢ s 8¢ s S a 2 5 8.4 3.¢ to. Sat 9 Years. Cee s a E ss g S we 28 a3 ‘3 ’ mS Ss) 7s = ° = Ss) g . = ~= Fa a - 8 fe) Z, ay | = a Zz ram a PO os Td Oo ale owes 958,632 | 958.6 None, ‘4 sé ened ep Ome 1800. sadn a ie 1,233 315 p: 22.1 1,401,070 | 46.15 50,240 tis ekecedaswhnee = ce) ET Pe a 1471801 1 AOLe 2,014,695 | 43.79 272,324 | 448.08 penieeie ss T6eG oes oe doce 1,659,808 | 12.8 2,699,845°| 34 - 192,719 | 391.09 3,500 ISSO used. £954,417 > S707 3,587,664 | 32.88 | 1,470,018 | 85.43} 20,000 Te). |) ene Ea 2,234,822 | 14.3 4,526,260 | 26.16 | 2,967,840 | 101.89 | 75,000 1850... 22.00) 2,728,106 | 22.07 | 5,998,735.) 30/02, 1.5, 59.08 | 215,787 In this scheme it must be observed that the six New England States, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, possess an area of 63,326 square miles, with a population of 2,728,106, being 43.09 persons to the square mile. The Middle States, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, pos- sess an area of 100,320 square miles, with a population of 5,898,735, or 58.80 persons to the square mile; while the northwestern States, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, and the Minnesota Territory, have an area of 373,259 square miles, with a population of 4,721,430, or 12.70 persons to the square mile. When this last division shall have become as densely populated as the Middle States now are, it will contain a population, directly tribu- tary to the trade of the lakes, of 22,000,000 of souls; and there is every reason to believe that the increase of population will be as rapid, until that result shall be fully attained, as it has been since 1800. How wonderful and grand a spectacle will it then be to many, doubtless, of those now born, when, at the commencement of the twentieth century, this lake country shall be seen supporting a population of so many millions! And what will then be the amount and value of that trade, and the aggregate tonnage of that marine, which has sprung up, in less COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 49 than forty years, from nothing to two hundred thousand tons of steam and shipping! It is stated that the entire amount of appropriations made by govern- ment, for the benefit of all rivers and harbors, since its first organiza- tion, has been $17,199,233, of which only $2,790,999 were devoted to the lakes, the balance being all for the Atlantic coast and rivers; and that, too, in face of the facts, that in consequence of several unavoida- ble disadvantages, in the present condition of the lake coasts and har- bors, there is a greater proportional loss of life on these waters than on the ocean itself and all its tributary seas. It may be well to note here the loss of property and life by marine disasters on the lakes, which are not only in themselves most lamenta- ble, but which become far more deplorable when it is considered that at a small outlay the navigation could be rendered as sate, at the least, as that of any other waters. The disadvantages alluded to above are to be found in the facts, that while the lakes are exposed to squalls, gales, and tempests, as violent as those of the ocean, they have not sufficient sea room to allow of a vessel scudding before the weather, since, if the gale were of any duration, she would soon run from one end to the other of the lake, on which she might be caught, and so incur fresh and perhaps greater danger. In like manner, the breadth of these basins 1s so compara- tively diminutive, and so much beset with dangerous reefs and rocky islands, that a vessel cannot long le to, in consequence of the terrible and insidious drift which is ever lable to drive her to unforeseen destruction. The following table will exhibit the loss of life and property incurred during the four last succeeding years, which are surely disastrous enough to plead trumpet-tongued with government for the extending some means of security and protection to the navigators of those peril- ous seas of the interior. Years. Property. Lives. a Ste fee) aie ols 0,000 sahara woe 2,078,046 a 963 me —s- =~ ——— The excess of lives lost in 1850 was occasioned by the explosion of the boilers on board two steamers, and the burning of the third, which had on board a large number of emigrants; this may be, therefore, in» some degree deemed accidental and extraordinary, as such catastrophes are of rare occurrence on the lakes. The great preponderance, how- ever, of the year 1851 over those of 1848 and 1849, has no such pallia- tion, since they were the effect of heavy gales, the absence of harbors necessary for the protection of mariners, and the obstruction of the mouths of such as do exist, by bars, on which aterrible surf breaks, and which entirely preclude the possibility of entering the place to which 4 50 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON they have in vain fled for refuge. It is of little benefit to the mariner that the government has expended comparatively inconsiderable _ amounts in the erection of piers and light-houses at the entrance of a few bar-mouthed rivers and harbors. The total of the losses on the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts, in the year 1851, amounted to 328 vessels, and many hundred lives, out of a total marine measuring 3,556,464 tons, being a loss of one vessel to every 10,844 tons of shipping. The lake losses of the same year were 42 vessels and 79 lives, out of a marine measuring 215,975 tons, being a loss of one vessel to every 5,142 tons of shipping. The proportion of vessels lost on the lakes is therefore much in excess of the losses on the ocean coasts, and that of lives still more so. In this point of consideration it is worthy of remark that a single powerful government steam-dredge could be kept continually in com- mission, and employed during seven months of the year, which could, with perfect ease, remove the obstructions on the flats of Lake St. Clair and Lake St. George, open the bars, and deepen the beds of all the harbors, from one extremity of the lakes to the other, in the course of a very few years, and keep them unobstructed thenceforth to the end of time, by an annual appropriation of one-fourth the amount of the augmented compensation recently granted to the Collins line of steamers, and, of course, two such vessels, materially lessening the duration of the work, for one-half that appropriation. Nor does it appear that the opening an area so vast to the enterprise and efficiency of our inland commerce, giving perfect protection to so important a branch of the national marine as that employed in the navi- gation of the lakes, is an end less worthy than the furthering and encouraging any system of post office transportation, and ocean steam- marine, however incomparable its deserts; and this without regarding the preservation of what is generally held invaluable among earthly things—the life of human beings. The expediency and justice are thus shown of extending some meed of protection and encouragement to the regions, with their ports, har- bors, and marine communications, which are the theatre of a commerce so valuable as that for which all the Atlantic cities are contending ; and to perfect the internal and inland communications of which, by canals and railroads, the young States, in which that theatre is placed, are making so great efforts. The policy of doing so cannot but be seen on considering the effect which the construction of railways, the opening of canals, and the facilitation by all means of transportation and intercommunication, has upon the growth of cities, the population, cultivation, wealth, and pros- perity of districts, which actually seem to grow and expand im arith- metical progression to the ratio of their improved accessibility, and the number of their outlets and avenues for commerce and immigration. It may not, therefore, be now impertinent to examine the operation of these influences on the unparalleled increase of the West, which can, in fact, be traced directly to these causes. It has been shown already that, however remote the period of the discovery, exploration, and partial colonization of these wilds and COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ae waters, anything like practical navigation of them for commercial pur- poses was unattempted until after the commencement of this century. In 1679 a French craft indeed was launched at Erie, Pennsylvania, for the expedition of the celebrated and unfortunate La Salle; but this, which was an experiment for a special purpose, wholly unconnected with trade, was not followed up. In 1797, as has been befcre stated, the first American vessel was launched on the lakes. In 1816 the first steamer was built on the waters of Lake Ontario, and the first on Lake Erie in 1818. For some considerable time the first vessels put in com- mission on Lake Erie, were used merely for facilitating the movements and operations of the Indian traders, carrying westward supplies and trinkets for the trade, and returning with cargoes of furs and peltries. In 1825 the Erie canal was completed, and its influence began at once to be felt through the western country. The western portion of the State of New York immediately began to assume an air of civilization and to advance in commercial growth. ‘This influence continued still to increase until the Welland canal and the Ohio canals were completed. The tonnage, which had then increased to about 20,000 tons, found at this time full employment in carrying emigrants and their supplies west- ward, which continued to be their principal trade till 1835, when Ohio began to export breadstuffs and provisions to a small extent. In 1800 Ohio had 45,000 inhabitants ; in 1810, 230,760; in 1820, 581,434; in 1830, 937,903. During this year a portion of the canals was opened, and during the ten years next ensuing after 1830 some five hundred miles of canals had been completed, connecting the lakes by two lines with the Ohio. Under the influence of these improvements the population of the State augmented to 1,519,467 individuals. In 1835 she exported by the lakes the equivalent of 543,815 bushels of wheat. In 1840 her ex- ports of the same article over the same waters were equivalent to 3,000,000 bushels of wheat, being an increase, in the space of five years, in the articles of wheat and flour, of what is equal to 3,300,000 bushels of wheat, or nearly six hundred per centum. ‘These articles are se- lected, as being the most bulky, in order to illustrate the effect of canals upon lake commerce. At this period, 1840, there were not completed over two hundred miles of railway in the State, and this distance was composed of broken portions of roads, no entire route existing as yet across the length or breadth of the State. In 1850, there were in opera- tion something over tour hundred miles of railroad, and rather a greater length of canaJs, while the population had increased to 1,908,408, and her exports, by lake, of wheat and flour, were equivalent to 5,754,075 bushels of whgat, and that, too, in spite of the fact that the crop of 1849 was almost an absolute failure throughout the West. In 1851 the exports of wheat and flour, by lake, were equivalent to no less than 12,193,202 bushels of wheat; and the cost of freight and shipping charges on this amount of produce falls little, if any, short of $510,000 ; nearly the whole amount having reached the lakes via the canals and railways of Ohio. Similar sketches of the other northwestern States, during their rise and advancement to their present condition of prosperity, and influence on the confederation, might be adduced in this place, all equally flat- o2 _ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON tering to the energy and enterprise of the western people, and to the influence of internal improvement on commerce; but this narrative of the eldest State of the group will suffice to illustrate the subject, and give some idea of the unexampled progress of the whole. _ Westward of Ohio, the Wabash canal brings the vast productions of Indiana to the lakes, passing through a small portion of Ohio, from the port of Toledo to the junction, thence to Evansville, on the Ohio river, and traversing the entire length of the Wabash valley, one of the finest wheat and corn countries in all the West. This canal is four hundred and sixty-four miles in length, and is one of the most important of re- cent improvements. It is worthy of note here that, in addition to its vast commercial business by the great lakes, Ohio, and more particularly its commercial capital, Cincinnati, the largest, wealthiest, and finest city of the West, and the great emporium of that region, has an immense commerce, both in exports and imports, by the rivers Ohio and Mississippi; and it appears that a larger portion of groceries are imported for the use of the interior, into Cincinnati, by the river, than to the lake-board, via the lakes; and farther, that while a mueh larger portion of the trade in cereal produce goes by the lakes, a majority of the live stock and animal provisions is sent by the rivers or otherwise. No ill effect is produced, however, on either commercial route, by this competition, but rather the reverse, there being times when either route alone is closed to navigation—the lakes during the winter by the ice, and the Ohio by the failure of its waters durimg the summer droughts. There is, more- over, commerce enough amply to sustain both channels; and while the State, its beautiful capital in particular, is a great gainer, no port or place of business is a loser by this two-fold avenue and outlet for com- mercial transportation. The southern Michigan and northern Indiana railway terminates both at Toledo, Ohio, and at Monroe, Michigan, on the lakes, and runs west- ward, through the southern counties of Michigan and the northern coun- ties of Indiana, to Chicago, at the head of Lake Michigan, on the east- ern border of Illinois. This road passes through some of the most fertile portions of these States, and, bemg recently completed through its entire length, may be confidently looked to as sure to add greatly to the commerce of the lakes at its termini. Farther to the northward, on the Detroit river, the central Michigan railway communicates across the peninsula, from the city of Detroit, with new Buffalo and the lake; and, having been open some years, has done more to develop the matchless resources of this State, and to urge it forward to its present commanding position, thanjany one other route. Cities, villages, and large flouring mills are springing into ex- istence everywhere along the line of this road, depending upon it as the avenue of their business to the lakes. The Pontiac railway and many plank roads connect various other points of the interior, and are vastly beneficial to the commerce of the lakes. Following the line of the lakes westward, Lake Huron may be passed over, as presenting no internal improvements worthy of note. One of the principal of those which are already projected is the exten- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 53 sion of the Pontiac railroad to Saginaw, touching at a point on the St. Clair river, opposite to Sarnia, Canada West, where it is destined to com- municate with a branch of the great western railway from Hamilton, on Lake Ontario, to Lake Huron. Another road 1s also projected in Canada, from Toronto, across the peninsula, by Lake Simcoe, to Pene- tanguishine, on the great Georgian bay, which will shorten the route to the Sault Ste. Marie by many hundred miles, and, should the much demanded and long proposed ship canal around the Sault be now at last effected, will tend more largely than any other improvement to develop and bring to a market the incalculable mineral resources of Lake Superior. Southward of Lake Superior, and bordering .on the western shore of Lake Michigan, lies the upper or northern peninsula of Michigan, and the northern portion of Wisconsin, little known as yet, except to lumber-men, trappers, traders, and voyageurs, and naturally hitherto the theatre of no internal improvements tributary to the commerce of the lakes. | Passing southward, however, to Green bay, and its sources in the imterior of Wisconsin, there are lately completed some improvements in the internal navigation of that State, which are, perhaps, of more importance to the future growth of the lake commerce than any yet perfected in any part of the State. These are the works on the Fox river, and the canal connecting the waters of that stream with the Wis- consin, which opens the steam navigation of the lakes to river craft, and vice versa, although it is scarcely probable that the same vessels which navigate the lakes will pass through the rivers. This, in fact, is by no means necessary to the success of the project, the importance of which is found in the fact, that by it the steam route from the Atlantic to the upper valley of the Mississippi is incredibly shortened; and thereby the whole trade, springing into existence throughout that vast upper: country, is, in a great degree, rendered tributary to the lakes. The junction of the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers is, in fact, by this rocte brought nearer to the lakes than to St. Louis; and the trans- portation of goods being by an uninterrupted line of steamboat navi- gation throughout the whole chain of lakes and across the State of Wisconsin, the trade to be one day transacted by this route will be enormous. The richness of the soil of Wisconsin in the valleys of the rivers, and on the borders of the Lake Winnebago, is rarely surpassed or equalled, and towns containing from one to three thousand inhabitants are every- where springing into existence through her territories, which are proba- bly destined to become, in a few years, great commercial cities. Southward of this route there are no very important channels of com- munication tributary to the lakes until we reach Chicago, where Lake Michigan is connected with the Illinois river by a canal of 100 miles in length, opening to that lake the vast wealth and traffic of the richest corn valley in the known world. Railroads are also projected from Milwaukie, one of which is com- pleted some forty miles to the westward, which is destined to extend to the Mississippi. There are also plank roads from many points, more or less useful as avenues of commerce to the lakes; at present, how- 54 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ever, the only communication between the northern and southern routes is by the Illmois and Michigan canal. This was originally intended to be a ship canal, connecting Chicago with Peru, on the Illinois river, but was only constructed equal to the admission of ordinary canal boats, which can, on reaching the latter point, be towed by steam down the river to St. Louis, and return thence laden with sugar, hemp, tobacco, flour or grain, and thence by horse power to Chicago. Whether the original plan of this canal will ever be carried out, is at best very problematical, since there are obstacles in the periodical shal- lowness of the waters of the Illinois which would frustrate the only object of the improvement, to wit, the through-navigation of the works by lake craft. This canal was opened in May, 1848, and the first section of the Chicago and Galena railroad in March, 1849. In 1847, the year pre- vious to the opening of the canal, the real estate and personal property in Cook county, of which Chicagois the capital, was valued at $6,189,385, and the State tax was $18,162. In the year following, when the canal had been one season in operation, the valuation rose to $6,986,000, and the State tax to $25,848. In 1851 this valuation had risen yet farther to the sum of $9,431,826, and the State tax to $56,937. In 1840 the population of Chicago was 4,479, and the valuation of property not far from $250,000 ; while in 1851 the population was about 36,000 and the assessed valuation of reat and personal property was $8,062,717. In 1847 the population, according to the city census, was 16,859 ; in 1848 it was 20,023 ; in 1849, 23, 047 ; and in 1850, according to the United States census, 29,963 ; hawaii 2 inevoased twice more rapidly than before, since the completion of the canal. The population of Chicago at this time—August, 1852—is nearly, if not quite, 40,000. In regard to this train of argument, and to this view of the effect of internal improvements on the growth of the West, and on the commer- cial condition of that portion of the country, it will be well to follow up the same train of examination in relation to the growth of certain points to the east of the great lakes, such as Buffalo, New York, Oswego, Bos- ton, and other cities directly affected by the same commerce, through the internal channels of communication in New York and Massachu- setts. In 1800, the city of New York, with its ; suburbs, had a population iter opera Ee ana ie 63,000—in _ of ose 700,000 Posto Os Selena oe Pa BOHODO) 3.3.8: SS eR aes 212,000 Philadelphia city and co. 73,000 ¢6) =) Ny (Sl ac a ae 450,000 iG il outn2- hs Alias Gow 5 750 OMEN Meee a TY 115,436 N /oUG Ta ae COE ee Un a eee £6 te i a 42,260 aeRO wkd. Wee soy: sae 660 vad & ae 12,205 BAO GMs eoeniaayh Ps ia) ath 9,049 Ci Le Ghee 50,763 Pea eOmie tigate Maks be ae 50.) Je ii ong ka 29,963 eed.) ae SRY Sisdoe ALE 2,000 Ge) A 77,860 Hence it appears, that between the years 1800 and 1850 the popula- tion of New York and its suburbs doubled itself once in every 16 years; Boston, once in ev ery 25%; Philadelphia, in every 20; Cincinnati, in every 64; Albany, in every 15; St. Louis, in every O4 years. This covers a term of half a century; but from 1810 to 1850, a COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 5o period of forty years, the population of New York doubled itself once in every 15 years; Philadelphia, in 184; Boston, in 183; Albany, in 16; Cincinnati, in7; St. Louis, in 94; Buffalo, in 83; and Detroit, in 84. From 1820 to 1850, a period of thirty years, the population of New York doubled once in 13 years; Philadelphia, in 16; Boston, 15; Al- | bany, 153; Cincinnati, 73; St. Louis, 7; Buffalo, 64; Detroit, 8. From 1830 to 1850, a period of twenty years—the term of duplica- tion—this being the first census taken after the opening of the Erie canal, but before its influence had been much felt on the seaboard, owing to the non-completion of the Ohio and lateral canals—was, in New York, 15 years; Philadelphia, 173; Boston, 20; Albany, 20; Cincinnati, 84; St. Louis, 54; Buffalo, 84; Detroit, 6; Cleveland, 5; and Sandusky 5. And from 1840 to 1850—a period of ten years, du- ring which nearly the whole western population had become exporters by means of the Ohio, New York, and Philadelphia canals, and the various lines of railway—the effect of these influences on the period of duplication in the cities of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, has been truly astonishing; but the same influence, reacting and reflected from the East upon the western cities, is yet more wonderful. According to the ratio of their increase during these ten years, New York would double her population in 12 years; Boston, in 12; Phila- delphia, in 124; Baltimore, in 134; Albany, in 163; Cincinnati, in 6; St. Louis, in 4; Buffalo, in 84; Detroit, in 9; Cleveland, 64; San- dusky, 53; Chicago, 4; Milwaukie, 3$; Toledo, 6; Oswego, 8. Hence it appears, that every new improvement is bound by inevit- able laws to pay its tribute to some great channel of internal com- merce. ‘I'he existence of such a channel has indirectly created the necessity for the improvement; and the same law which called it into existence as necessarily requires it, by a reactionary impulse, to indem- nify its creator. Before the present century shall have passed away, the United States will undoubtedly present to the world a spectacle unequalled in past history. More than fifty millions of republican freemen, all equal citi- zens of a confederacy of independent States, united by congenial sympathies and hopes; by a devotion to the principles of political and religious freedom, and of self-government; bound together by a com- mon language and harmonious laws, and by a sacred compact of union, will also be firmly cemented with one another by indissoluble bonds of mutual dependence and common interests. The remote sections of the confederacy will be made near neighbors by means of canals. Railroads will chain all the several parts each to each; the whole people from the Pacific to the North Atlantic ocean, from the great lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, cultivating the arts of peace and science, and incited by a genuine rivalry for the accomplishment of the real mission of the American people. 56 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON THE LAKE DISTRICTS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF EACH: STATISTICAL STATEMENTS OF THE CANADIAN AND DOMESTIC TRADE, ; AND A GENERAL SUMMARY. No. 1.—District of VERMONT. Port of entry, Burlington ; latitude 44° 27’, longitude, 73° 10’; popu- lation in 1830, 3,525; in 1840, 4,271; in 1850, 6,110. This, which is the easternmost of all the lake districts, comprises the whole eastern shore of Lake Champlain, from its southern extremity at Whitehall to its northern termination, excepting only a few miles at the head of Missisquoi bay, which fall within the Canadian line; and em- braces all those portions of the State of Vermont which are subject to custom-house regulations. | Lake Champlain is about one hundred and five miles in length, and varies in breadth from one to fifteen miles; it contains several islands, principally toward the upper end, of which the largest are North and South Hero, and La Motte island; and, in addition to all the waters of Lake George, its principal affluent, the outlet of which enters it at Ti- conderoga, receives nine considerable streams: the Otter creek, the Onion river, the Lamoile, and the Missisquoi, from Vermont to the north and eastward; the Chazy, the Saranac, the Sable, and Boquet - rivers on the west, and Wood creek on the south, from the State of New York. It discharges its own waters into the St. Lawrence by the Sorel or Richelieu river, in a northeasterly course; the navigation of which has been improved by the works of the Chambly (Canadian) canal, so as to afford an easy communication for large vessels to the St. Lawrence, and thereby to the great lakes. From its southern ex- tremity it is connected by the Champlain canal with the Mohawk river and the Erie canal, at the village of Waterford, where the united works enter the Hudson, and thus form a perfect chain of inland navi- gation from the lakes of the far northwest to the Atlantic seaboard. The whole length of the Champlain canal, including about seventeen miles of improved natural navigation on Wood creek and the Hudson river, is about sixty-four miles.. It is forty feet wide on the surface, twenty-eight at the bottom, and four deep. The amount of lockage is eighty-four feet. On account of this artificial Ime of intercommunica- tion, Lake Champlain is included, not improperly, im the great chain of American lakes; although, to speak strictly, it is not one of them, having no natural outlet directly into them, and so far from being the recipient of any of their waters, serving, like them, itself as a feeder to the St. Lawrence. The lake is bordered on its eastern shore by lands composing this district, with a coast line. of considerably more than a hundred miles, including its many deep, irregular bays and inlets, of great productive- ness and fertility, especially adapted to grazing and dairy farms, and to the cultivation of the northern fruits. Its western shores are, for the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 57 most part, high, wild, and barren, soon rising into the vast and almost inaccessible ridges of the Adirondack mountains, lying within the counties of Hamilton, Herkimer, and Essex, in New York, a region the wildest and most rugged, the least adapted to cultivation or the residence of man, of any to the eastward of the great American desert ; and still the haunt of the deer, the moose, the cariboo, the otter, and the beaver, the wolf, the panther, and the loup-cervier, which still abound in this fastness of rock, river, lake, and forest, almost within sound of great and populous cities. By its means of communication with the St. Lawrence, and its out- tet to the Hudson, this lake has become the channel of a large and 1m- portant trade with Canada, especially in lumber, employing nearly two hundred thousand tons of craft and shipping, counting the aggre- gate of entries and clearances, and giving occupation, to speak in round numbers, to twelve thousand men. The opening of the Ogdensburg and Vermont railroads, connecting New York and Boston more directly with the lakes, has, it is probable, in some degree affected this trade; at least, the returns of 1851 exhibit a falling off in the Canadian trade of Lake Champlain. It does not, however, appear that the opening of new channels of trade is wont usually to affect the interests of those already existing, but, on the con- trary, by increasing facilities and consequently augmenting demands, adds to the liveliness and vigor of business, and is ultimately beneficial to all. Hence, there appears no just cause for apprehending any per- manent decrease or deterioration of the shipping interests, connected with Lake Champlain. Burlington, the port of entry of this district, is the largest town in the State of Vermont, containing about ten thousand inhabitants. It is beautifully situated on a long, regular slope of the eastern shore, as- cending gradually from the head of Burlington bay, on the southern side of the debouchure of the Onion river into the lake, and is the capital of Chittenden county, and by far the most considerable commercial place of the State. It has, moreover, a fine agricultural back country, of which it is the mart and outlet. Burlington is distant from New York, by railway, about three hundred miles; from Boston two hundred and thirty-five; and from Montreal one hundred. By its possession of a central position, with the advantages of both land and water steam facilities, alike for travel and transportation to the grand emporia of Canada, New England, and New York, it is making rapid advances in wealth and population; and now, with railroad communications open on either side of the lake, can scarcely fail to improve and in- crease, in a ratio commensurate with that of the improvements in its vicinity. The only method, within our reach, of arriving at the aggregate amount of the lake commerce and traffic, is by taking the accounts of the canal office at Whitehall, which exhibit the amount and value of merchandise delivered at the lake, and the quantity and value of pro- duce received from the lake; and then by estimating the coasting trade of the lake above Whitehall, which does not reach the canal. By deducting from the aggregates of these, the Canadian trade of the dis- tricts of Vermont and Champlain, we arrive at the gross amount of the 58 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ageregate coasting trade of the whole lake, as comprising both the col- lection districts; but owing to this compulsory mode of procedure, no definite understanding of the proportion of commerce attaching to each separately, of the two districts, can be reached. The amount of assorted merchandise delivered into Lake Champlain in 1851 was 125,000 tons, at $1 75 per ton. Ayverace Valuation as om, trie canals. 025-52 22s ae $21,875,000 Amount of produce received from the lake.--.-.-...... 3,015,895 Aad for :coasime taibeve* the canals: GoU a0 J Poe Se 1,000,000 ‘Potal commerce of the lake’ os donee 26,390,895 The Canadian trade of Vermont district, for thé years 1850 and 1851, was as follows: 1850. 1851. Exports of domestic produce........- $651,677 $458,006 66 foreign merchandise.....-- 294,182 309,566 Metal, exports: jase oon he omens 945,859 104,042 Motel WMPORUS Ape ee eae. eal 607,466 266,417 Miles kN ea ee Lo52.525 1,033,989 Suinact total Or; book. YSo ue Ae 1,033,989 a Decrease Ob TGbL se. sis ee 519,336 The tonnage in the Canadian trade for the two years was as follows : Year. No. Tons. No. Tons. SE CNR SION Sk Hd ea aE Rd 788 94,235 695 91,967 OS ee ee Be eR a eee S18 122,813 731 -105;359 Decreasedn 151 2201 ieee 0c 2o,0%e 36 13,390 The ageregate shipping of Lake Champlain, both foreign and coast- wise, is represented to have numbered 3,950 entrances, measuring 197,500 tons, and employing 11,850 men, with a corresponding num- ber of clearances of the same measurement and crews. The enrolled tonnage of this district in June, in 1851, was 3,240 tons of steam, and 692 tons of sail. Tons. dL gps. 05'5 Seana Wig ai a ork Go A ee Rage oan ORI lean Nea 166 steam. 56,421 308 saul. 17,490 504 73,911 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 59 Tons. eG Wl at tah wide eg Syke eye 122 steam. 9,566 162 sail. 10,758 284 20,324 Mismmeeeree A TCTICAN -\. 4. ee ee ene we 147 steam. 58,024 318 sail. 17,020 i *565 75,044 BEF URIG Meeks. ee ueew Sided Simm eee = eles 119 steam. 9,321 TAT, sail. 7,002 230 16,923 Value of produce imported from Canada in bond......... $311,512 Meme or ammports from Canada... cn este oe ease S 201,211 Value of goods of domestic produce and manufacture ex- MempcenO RO amd’ S22 ese i htt E I SE 458,006 eeeere orcion edods2-2 22.22... Soll y seo ee 108,712 _ Value of goods of foreign produce and manufacture ex- Perce cor©anada-in bond: ..2ss225 Svea. Seh re. 200,804 Value of property cleared at Whitehall for the South. .... 3,015,895 No. 2.—Duistrict or CHAMPLAIN. Port of entry, Plattsburgh ; latitude 44° 42’, longitude 73° 26’; popu- lation in 1830, 4,915 ; in 1840, 6,416 ; in 1850, 5,618. This district, which is situate on the western side of Lake Cham- plain, over against that last described, including the peninsula at the lower end between the waters of that lake and lake George, with the thriving town of Whitehall and the outlet by the Champlain canal, has a coast-line of equal extent, though less indented by bays, than the opposite district of Vermont. It has two principal harbors—Whitehall, situate on both sides of Wood creek, at its entrance into the lake, in a beautiful and romantic site, with considerable water power, through which passes the ver great majority of the whole export and import trade for Canada, and which is a singularly flourishnmg and improving village; and Platts- burgh, near to the upper extremity of the lake, at the head of a fine and spacious bay at the debouchure of the Saranac river, by which it is connected with the mineral and lumbering regions of the interior, and with the recesses of the Adirondack chain. The village is well laid out, and contains the United States barracks, and several prosperous manufactories on the river. This district has little or no back country, the mountains rising abrupt and precipitous from the very verge of the lake in many places, and leaving a narrow strip of shore only, with a few villages scattered along the road to Plattsburgh, beyond which all is howling wilderness as far as to the valley of the Black river. Little « *The Canadian trade of this district, principally, is in American vessels. 60 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON dependence can, therefore, be placed on these regions for agricultural produce, although their forest and mineral wealth compensates, in some measure, for the sterility and ruggedness of their soil. Plattsburgh is the port of entry of this district, although Whitehall is the larger commercial depot. The only railroad which touches it is that of Ogdensburg, crossing Missisquoi bay and the narrows of the lake at Rouse’s Point, and opening, at the town of Ogdensburg, a perfect inland intercommunication between the great lakes and the Atlantic ocean at Boston. It is on the water communications, there- fore, afforded by the lake, that the population of this district for the most part rely for the prosecution of their commercial enterprises and the transportation of their produce. There are five daily steamers running during the season from White- hall, touching at Burlington and Plattsburgh, for St. J ohn, Canada Fast, and for St. Alban’s, Vermont. The Canadian trade of this district during the sa 1850 and 1851 was as follows: 1850. 1851. Heports.of domestic produce. -/... 2.27.4. 2 $322,378 $375,549 ferciem merchandise: 22 224s ssrs% 316,843 373,453 Potaliesepants car o/s oc ROE 639,221 749,002 ‘Total aia pertst <2 to tee ie diets 435,383 294,484 Totalvcomurernce: 2. soudeeieo 1,074,604 1,043,286 1,043,286. 47s Deéereas® 1 TSOP. hohe eyo dLSI8 Years. No. Tons entered. No. Tons cleared. ee Loli! ean eee 598 1233229 598 123,229 ASSO. )jse2iad 2 788 120,294 704 116,931 Difference. . 190 2,935 156 6,298 The decrease of the year 1851, it will be observed, affects the num- ber of entries and clearances only, the comparative tonnage being an increase on the preceeding twelve months. The tonnage enrolled in this district, June 30, 1851, was—steam, 917 tons; sail, 3,291 tons. Canadian trade. Bapits.in, American vessele. i. - 2 ohkatifa. ait. te 2e8 $1,019,039 Eaports.1n. American vesselss .s2.)- «bis. Faia lS ata 24,246 Tonnage. Inward. Tons. Outward. Tons. American, steam....... 90,436 American, steam....... 90,436 Saiee 2/3). 5,139 Salling, -p vec $,135 Total oe oa ce 2 98,571 98,571 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 61 Dawatds ‘ Tons. Outward. Tons. British, steam. 2.26 en - 3,009 British, steam... - ..-. 3,899 on 20,759 SE NCES reyes 20,759 24,658 24,658 Duty collected on imports in American vessels...-.-.-- $46,639 Do. do. Britashy vessels’: 5.2 tie ae 5,210 SNe CIN i eae tS oh ed i aie Blaha eal Aa ale 51,849 Imported from Canada in American vessels. ..-.....-.-- $228,241 Do. do. British vesselsoic 2550 Joao oa! 24,246 , 252,487 Punt smparted in bonds); stdq gels idda Sees VASE os 27,994 PEON COONS ta ak or ee ee a es 13,802 VO] 0 age TAN LUAU UR i RR 294,283 Weliewee domestic. goods exported... 22022 45.450 $375,049 Uiicrrmmeoods exported: 2c2e leet oe $267,587 Herein coods'entitled:to drawback. .. p00. -... 2 28sb~- 105,866 373,453 No. 3.—Duistrict or OSWEGATCHIE. Port of entry, Ogdensburg; latitude 44° 41’; longitude 75° 32’ ; population in 1830, not defined ; in 1840, 2,526 ; in 1850, 7,756. This district extends along the southern shore of the St. Lawrence, from the point where the boundary line of New York and Canada strikes the great rrver—43°, 73° 20’—to Alexandria, nearly opposite to Gananoque, on the Canada side, and the thousand isles of the St. Law- rence. The extent of this coast line is about eighty miles, trending in a southwesterly direction; it includes the considerable commercial depot and improving town of Ogdensburgh, besides the smaller ports of Massena, Louisville, Waddington, Morristown, and Hammond, and it has become the theatre of a very large and increasing trade with Can- ada, and coastwise, particularly since the opening of the Ogdensburg railroad. This important line was opened from Ogdensburg to Rouse’s Point, where it combines with the eastern and southeastern routes, in the au- tumn of 1850; and from this point passengers and freight crossing Lake Champlain have easy expedition, either to the New England States by railroad, or to New York, via Lake Champlain and the Hud- son river, or by the new lines of railroad down the valley of the latter great thoroughfare. There being no line of transportation whatever through this district from the Canadas, except the above-mentioned road, and previous to the opening of that way none of any kind—the 62 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON district itself being, moreover, a mere strip of ten miles’ width between the river shore and the Adirondack highlands—the effect of this road has been very great on the general commercial prosperity, and particularly on that of Ogdensburg, which monopolizes the Canadian transportation business, for the other ports mentioned are merely river harbors, doing a small coasting business, and driving some small traffic with their neighbors across the water. In consequence of these advan- tages large quantities of freight find their way into this port from alli parts of the upper lakes and of Canada, for transmission to various marts on the Atlantic seaboard; and large amounts of merchandise, both foreign and domestic, are thence distributed through the different lake ports, both of. Canada and the United States, from New York and Boston. ' The following statistics will show the comparative coasting trade of Ogdensburg in some of the principal articles during the past five years, the results for 1849 being made up only to the lst of October of that year. Imports coastwise. Articles. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. Flour dre aoe barrels 5,000 4,500 3,800 158,600 375,008 Whiskey ......+e0- do Lee 1,157 86 452 Lol (Por Sees pier 3,000 2,500 1,800 2,612 2,887 ofa nt ae Pee, SS GOL Ga G eetee a ce sche ea teem telellewternnte cee lee 2,758 6,034 DUALS ocelateis « hogsheads 325 37195 300 37 43 PIG TOW ces can = « tons 300 350 275 300 160 Goa. Soke teYan ateaares do... 3,000 3,054 2,500 490 | - art WVilteate cs Gee ones bushels. 15,000 25,000 18,060 149,310 377,725 COMI chads wpeleso sete do... 3,000 4,000 3,500 31,934 82,458 Salt oe ee COMEDELS 10,000 15,000 10,000 10,369 14,287 EUG yess te pre ele (ors s chests. 10,000 15,000 10,000 78 | aS Wahee. svete tle tons.. 320 320 320 |Included in mlerchandise. "ROD ACCOi a aieieles c+ boxes. 2,000 2,000 1,200 15 2h Sundry merchandise,value| $2,366,200 | $2,482,925 | 42,106,450 | $1,612,668 | $426,927 ‘The above statistics clearly demonstrate that the opening of the rail- way has created a complete revolution in the trade of Ogdensburg, a large demand having suddenly sprung up for coastwise imports of pro- duce, to be exported seaward by railroad, while the call for foreign merchandise, formerly imported coastwise for home consumption, has been entirely superseded, goods of that description being now largely introduced by railway from the seaboard, for distribution through Can- ada and all the lake regions. By this change, the mercantile prosperity and activity of this town and district has, it will appear, been increased fifty-fold, and the trade matured from a: mere home-consumption business to an immense for- warding, foreign importing, and domestic exporting traffic ; nor, in view of the incalculable hourly increase of western productiveness and con- sumption, can any one pretend to assign any limits to the future improvement of this branch of commerce. : COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 63 The coastwise exports during the same period, of a few leading articles, were as follows: Articles. | 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. | Pi eee sh nk, Sem MCE den eee See Whiskey ........barrels. 142 120 140 408 135 SU Aor pounds. 193, 600 180,000 190,000 5,900 18,600 Po: a barrels. 3,758 3,400 3,800 4,544 615 SUISICR 52.2 ee TM. 6,669 4,000 3,000 4,841 1,757 Magmber.....-...2..M fi. 7,182 5,000 4,000 2,052 199 Peeiron.......... .-tons.| 311 250 100 660 776 TOHEESE. 2. sha. 05: pounds.| 1 099 , 280 990,000 800,000 | 1,332,300 40,200 MEH os «Niet oe barrels 3,267 500 100 1,158 128 2 Oe eS eee poeee bushels. 5,688 5,000 3,000 420 1,447 Wool............pounds.| 18,000 20,510 10,000 28,000 | 27,800 EMIS op ha) cs2 corsa 0. <-0 bales. 187 200 150 57 6 Sheep’s pelts........ No.| 20,000 20,000 15,000 140 700 = FASS EES te oe kegs. | 796 6,394 The estimated value of the imports and exports for the years above named, is as follows: 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. Coastwise imports..... $2,804,150 | $2,988,015 | $2,452,695 | $2,463,648 | $2,424,145 Coastwise exports. .... 389 , 325 341,933 311,084 399 , 933 918,587 MOE ISS MMOLE. 5 3.5 ato -s eos 95 on cce. 49 ,831 48,395 205,815 214,520 Foreign CR PUTS: oo’ eo fsa Sa CCCs OUL 81,844 Se Uist AAs ee 618,648 Total commerce...| 3,193,475 Ss 2,874,859 | 3,029,396 | 4,175,900 The report of inward and outward bound vessels is as below, for the last two years : Years. Number of | Tous: 9) Ment | Number of | Tons. Men. entries. | clearances. Led Se eee 1,002 | 351,427 19,538 973 | 399,287 19,341 DE retacraieie se Senten ao’ | 669 | 242,780 12,464 | 655 | 242,931 12,218 Increase....... : 333 | 108,647 7,074 | 318 | 116,356 | 7,123 From the above figures it will be readily perceived, independent of the general increase of commerce in the district consequent on the open- ing of the railroads, that the returns for the years previous to 1850 are in round numbers, and are probably very far from accurate, whilst those for 1856 and 1851 are in detail, and the merchandise is valued at a very low rate; so much so, that if the valuation of assorted merchandise were made according to the rates adopted in other districts, it would raise the gross amount to a sum higher, by at least a million of dollars, than that exhibited above. The tonnage enrolled and licensed in the district is 1,985 tons of 64 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON steam, 576 tons of sail—employing 125 men. The original cost of the above tonnage was $208,300. ‘ Abstract of the number of vessels, tonnage, and men employed upon the same, which entered and cleared from the. port of Ogdensburg, district of Os- wegatchie, New York, distinguishing American ree British; during the years 1850 and 1851. ” sat . | | OUTWARD. Years we chase ae gee eee ee a Tons. |Crew.|No.| Tons. |Crew.|No.} Tons. |Crew.|No.'| Tons. | Crew. a 4141179 ,339 Cee 63,441 Ba 180,980 Tene 61,951 fie 1851 ..|598 953,808 |11 , 266 404 97,619 | 8,272 | 583 | 263,274 |11,226| 390 | 96,013 | 8,115 J. C. BARTER, Collector. Coiitecror’s Orrice, District or Oswecartcuie, N. Y., Ogdensburg, December an, 1851. Canadian Trade in 1851. Imports and exports m.American vessels... 2. 2. 2 oe $332,420 Do do; i@British vessels. J.02 2:0 220 5 e 500,747 Exported foreign goods entitled to drawback— In American Gene Bde ge, el aR aL eet A ae a $74,367 maBrisliwesseles lh ee a ls pd 193,807 7 a 268,174 Goods net entitled to drawback. 000 22) Or eee — 98,424 366,598 Domestic produce and manufactures— in American vesseleyuai 2) io ee oi le 52,369 ra tibarariislo vessels i ch clei oj ls il eau aennieheeestahs 199,681 | ——— 252,050 Motalexports 0 PU oe aoc tea ec eee 618,648 a Imports paying duty— Duty collected. Int ABmerican’ vessels {20 POP Sse oe 18,305 O:7oe Hepaoabich Vessels Yee ei ead Se eat ae 63,727 13,742 Oren se OL ANE NR UE | GRRE NO 9,425 1,893 91,457 19,367 Produeemmported im bonds V2.0. OP SL are 115,286 = Hel gS ge lap a UR i pL LAA ag VO Monel taports. ooo 2s sk Ns 214,518 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 65 No. 4.—District or CapPE VINCENT. Port of entry, Cape Vincent; latitude 44° 06’, longitude 76° 21’; population in 1830, not defined; in 1840, not defined; in 1850, 3,044. This district, commencing at Alexandria, on the southwestern border of Oswegatchie, extends about eleven miles southwesterly up the St. Lawrence, to the outlet of Lake Ontario, and Black river bay, on which Sackett’s Harbor is situated. Cape Vincent, owing to the sinuosities and irregularities of its shores, has a coast line of nearly thirty-eight miles, and embraces the shipping ports of Cape Vincent, Clayton, and Alexandria, which are for the most part mere stopping places for the lake steamers plying between Montreal, Ogdensburg, and the ports of Lake Ontario, which touch at these landing-places to procure wood, vegetables, milk, and other necessaries. To this fact is owing the very considerable amount of tonnage entering and clearing from these little ports, though it is at once evident that no indication is thereby afforded of the actual business transacted in the district. It has some small trade with Canada, carried on principally in skiffs across the St. Law- rence and among the thousand islands; but, if there be any coasting trafic at all, it is so slender that no returns of it appear to have been, at any time, regularly kept. Cape Vincent, the port of entry, is some twelve to thirteen miles from Kingston, C. W.; the distance being about four miles over the main channel of the St. Lawrence from Kingston to Long Island, then between seven and eight miles across the island, and then a mile over the channel on the American side to Cape Vincent. The imports [RESTON Orne ORE eorOW bea pects SOUk, cacmetit AN ian tad aan $61,358 iitteqe morn Canada, Sohn ii eta ue os Doe el bs oe 33,188 Total WANAGION CONMMCTCE HEL Oo Lie sy Uae as Ss 94,546 Pepe ou © aniada, ASo0 bo. os oo So es See $50,756 Peeppiie rrom anita 1800 3: eo a a 69,284 PorasC anadian Commerce; 1co00. Ee ee 120,040 Do do do riiga Feel Wan cea Gn UU Gs al ra oti ney 2a 94,546 | 1 DELS ye IS aaa a ls Ma Meu i, Ra ee a 25,494. The Canadian commerce of this district previous to these years was of the following values: Mt Meoattanecomimnerce Ol 1O400 to. ee ie ek a $90,484. Do do do Diels Pm gee kA aN ar ig 91,597 The enrolled tonnage of the district amounts to 2,496 tons, all sail. Years. Entries. Tons Crew. /|\Clearances-| Tons. Crew. a ARS I Biase 749 430,930 19,207 | 749 439 , 930 19,207 ESO tS avaic! b a cieieisien 708 329 ,545 14,548 708 329 , 545 14,545 Increase ....... (eo) an 40,985") < 4,659 | ad | 110,385 4,659 66 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Canadian Trade. Imports im American vessels......-.... Ld Of eta Pe fe ioewe tk duty, $1,370 Exports, domestic produce and manufactures.......- 24 32,089 - Tonnage inward. Ins-A meriean vessels; 096 ‘sail. 2 SC ae 427,457 In British vessels, 53 sail Same outward. No. 5.—Duistrict oF SackEeTT’s HARpor. Port of entry, Sackett’s Harbor; latitude 430 do’, longitude 75° 57’; population of township 1 in 1850, 4,136. This district is composed of that portion of the coast of Lake plas which runs almost in a due southerly direction from Tibbit’s Point, round Chaument bay, Black river, and Henderson’s bay, terminating at Stony Pomt, and embracing a coast line estimated at one hundred miles, following the sinuosities of its very irregular and deeply indented shores. It includes the shipping places of Three-Mile bay, Chaument bay, Point Peninsula, Dexter, Sackett’s Harbor, and Henderson. Sackett’s Harbor, the principal commercial place and port of entry of the district, is erated on the southwest side of a deep inlet known as Black River Bay, at about eight miles distance from, the lake. Its bay and harbor are well situated for shelter and defences™ The harbor is by far the best on Lake Ontario for ship-building, and as a naval and commercial depot. A crescent of land stretches off from the lower part of the village, forming an inner and outer harbor. The latter has a depth of water sufficient for the largest ships-of-war within two fathoms of the shore. ‘The same depth of water extends to Black river, where there is another excellent position for ship-building. The first settlement of this place was made in 1801; it advanced little until the commencement of the last English war, when it became a considerable naval and military depot; but, since the promulgation of peace in 1814, it has made little comparative improvement, other points possessing superior advantages of position as regards artificial routes, by railroads and canals, having diverted from it a portion of its business, although it still maimtains i commercial character. The ad- jacent country is a fine agricultural region, and its abundant water- power renders it well adapted to the growth of manufacturing enter- prise, while Wa atertown, a few miles ane is a flourishing town, well situated on the Black river. Still, in spite of these advantages, the commerce of Sackett’s Harbor has been on the decline for some years 5 whether on account of the exhaustion of lumber resources, or the diver- sion of iO tes for the inland home consumption, and of agricultural produce f for export, from the coast trade to canal and raipee transpor- tation, does not sufficiently appear. At all events, the declared value of the commerce of the district has materially declined, as will be seen from the following table, since 1846. The other small towns, mentioned above, are used to a trifling extent COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 67 as landing-places for imported merchandise, and for shipment of pro- duce, by the surrounding inhabitants, to the extent of their own wants and conveniences, but oor in such amounts as to render them ay of any notice as commercial depots. * i Declared values Declared values |Declared values i for 1846. for 1847. for 1851. Coastwise imports...........0.0.-/ $1,550,909 41,257,823 497,809 PGPEIAN WMPOTts.. ..6 06. oe. eens wom 1,851 3,891 "56,118 MURASE WISE EXPOEES 14) pic chet chsh she ssi0 1,106,986 841,478 303,258 : PPE EX POLIS . 6% «fess sta'shure 4, 6.c°s 75,345. 38 , 253 21,980 ANCE, ESE es SAR 6 Bah ar 2,735,091 (2,141,445 879,165 I Some portion of the above deterioration may be, perhaps, ascribed to a discrepancy in the valuation of articles; but it is hardly probable that the result, as a whole, can be Attributed to such a cause; nor is it necessary to seek far for reasons, since the experience of every day teaches us that the places which possess the greatest facilities of transmission and transportation of produce and merchandise, and the most numerous inlets and outlets for articles of commerce in the shape of internal improvements and intercommunications, will necessarily attack and take at disadvantage those which rely solely on. Oey trade. It is not to be doubted, therefore, that Ogdensburg and ‘Oswego have attacked Sackett’s Harbor, and diverted from it a portion of its coastwise traffic ; while it is as certain that some of the agricultural produce which formerly sought a market, via the lakes, now seeks the same ultimate destination piesa via canal and railroad. Such are the revolutions, in some sort, of commerce, and such the progress of the times; the result being, that those places which are content to be stationary, and do not endeavor to keep up with the move- ment, enterprise, and energy of the times, must needs retrograde ; nor can any natural advantages insure to them a long monopoly of pros- perty and success. The following table will be sufficient to convey some idea as to the Operation of the changes alluded to above, and the class of articles affected thereby : 68 - ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Exports coastwise for 1847 and 1851. aig | Articles. | agar. 1851. Lumber... .. sve. eho ienin tee lene 2 hee ee eae ie thousand feet. 4,406 2,896: SE ree Sis 21 SIR acim eure SNM Me Powe! w, aiate Risen ederc See wend thousand.... 919 . 25 SE act 2725" aa e melas whernielatte soc ayenra barrels...... ne aiuicialentclebeete eietet 130,054 520,216 eden « < Sees, «= aie pe RUCHENS. 2 :cacty classe mais are SSSR 171,347 102,808 Beg ois va barnes slivs > Safote@.telaretosnars de tated aerate nt 52,568 | 26,284 RRA ois cubic: ofa ce a ules eee dO. Sects mete pealare atcha freee 97,213 29,164 Cony ee ee see dneeigok.,. wean ey 1,251,306 625,653 MAGEAEOES .ayo 210 o.0sin.c Lae GO. 2 ae hae wheate.s . 4,874 2,437 Pers and Deals. . cs eeis lee doz. is? Ss... piesa Aa OS 3,202 2,402 SPREE 3. civiain. wibelaioe BEA BEERS YAS ca o:c thew eikies oe ieertie wine 3,327 4,159 EEA GHES..< 0:0 awicyeless s clelars DaShetsrs. cc's och dene aie erickeccine 45] 564 RSBECD ES . Gie ce « STKE rs Ss 98 SCORE ie siore 4.929 48,348 REESE sb isie hs Rc eee LO Selecta ial sieve aula Mele sak jole ts 3,888 38,880 eerie 2 hoa oe oe paren barrels..... Saale wiavesanbate Ane ans 27,950 419,250 ams and bacon oc 1c WEES S core vwind a.viejo'e are aise e's aia % 10,666 175,000 garde 2 ou 222 wvooe eae Pachames a attel « as 972 20,400 Wools oS. oe o.accimie SOUS As SOAS SCRE ce "3 42,400 12,720 PBST ss tcerororateatte wie mm e's a ATT OIG serapacountane)s.a, o.nn:0 » se(u'efepote 702 7,020 See ueeR oe AE Bcc is os UO ee mere shoes e sclera e aces Oatte 67 2,680 AERO yea no tes iss cyclase PUI DET pig byez isic esas Sw eds Bey cs 50 5,000 Cathet sowie. os wcbotetreats a7 Gs eeetcs went wceee ee ane SRS 15 400 Grass-seed GAS Ss cictctsfue-s. olelentenemics SAS 406 4,872 LET eee eee SaSAnee TEES s SP AGS See ABE ye 266 7,980 UGH iets 0.9 w)n/cce Mere d suena dO.G case ars Sees a bhate Sire we Siete 377 18,850 MOR hore hss a.6 age shore 1ST) VE) ERO re Ce ries ae 7,955 4,773 PRBWACEO. ) oo. sO bcs 8's se GS: «st Sit crate anes 5 aie iets ad atnts 282 25,380 Broom-corn. . ... oss c's 0s bales. .%..00's wre ectalreiaite te b-aasteitaeneds 300 4,500 Whiskey... DAREEIS sical «bin alafaio ateloteleieiele, wo ae aieter tte, oi 18,500 ee ea ay he) 2c. 'e dp eke siseia a o' a]i'0'elw,'«c aiain[ratw es ote'e sa -alsiels’s » css 7,073,525 LE OS Bee Sieysteatele mele tla's bs aebialbhaltetal bat -belenraibteto ities eaiiare 11,471,071 No. '7.—Duistrict of GENESEE. Port of entry, Rochester ; latitude 43° 08’, longitude 77° 51’; popu- lation in 1830, 9,207; in 1840, 20,191; in 1850, 36,403. The Genesee district has a very limited commerce except with Canada; with eighty miles of coast it has but one shipping place, whieh is situated at the mouth of the Genesee river, at a distance of _ about three miles from Rochester city. The passage of the Erie canal 76 | ANDREWS’ REPORT ON and a parallel line of railroad through the entire length of the district, but a few miles distant from the coast, offering better facilities for the transportation of passengers and merchandise, whether eastward or westward, than the lake can afford, confines the commerce of the port entirely to Canadian trade. Rochester is well situated on the falls of the Genesee, which are three in number, with an aggregate descent of 268 feet within the city limits, affording almost unbounded resources in the shape of water-power, applicable to most manufacturing purposes, _ and applied largely to the flouring business ; the greater part of the wheat shipped by canal from Buffalo being floured and reshipped by canal to its ulterior destination. It occupies both sides of the river, and had a population, in 1820, of 1,502 individuals. In 1830 it had increased to 9,269: in 1840 to 20,191, and in 1850 to 36,403. In 1812 it was laid out asa village, and in- corporated in 1817. It was chartered as a city in 1834, and the city limits now occupy an area of 4,324 acres, well laid out with a good regard to regularity. Rochester has three bridges across the Genesee river, besides a fine aqueduct over which the canal passes, traversing the heart of the city, and adding much to its prosperity, as well as to the rapidity of its growth. The Canadian commerce of this district was, for Tod, Sap RiS seo aR OPE ORS. es oe ae $49,040 Wx pOEiSr i oP Seis 2 ee ieee ee 913,654 CGE les pats ceer age Se ye es sy 962,694 Peet lniporte Guo N ee eS ee $95,283 TEXPOPis 3. Steet i ee we oe eo rr 326,899 422,182 FeSO SOS CES SU ie ee $962,694 Baa ele tiGeue oa OS eee 422,182 nGKease Ser Sse NG sins Gah RRA a each ene ABS 540,512 The amount of tonnage entered and cleared from this port was: Year. | Entrances. Tons. Men. | Clearances. | Tons. Men. a —— Ka inant ma ae — Toor... 487 | 212,794 toga | 487 212,794 13,904 There are enrolled in this district 736 tons of steam and 57 of sail shipping. Exported to Canada. In British vessels, foreign goods...-......-+--------+ $335,708 In British vessels, domestic goods entitled to drawback... - 445,967 In British vessels, foreign goods entitled to drawback. ..-. 131,979 913,654 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 77 Imported from Canada. ' Duty collected. tn Ameniean’ vessels: 0202 2e 22k eee. $8,456 $1,765 Hersey vessels i Pe ee 40,584 8,773 49,040 10,538 ; . No. 8.—Districr or Niagara. Port of entry, Lewiston ; latitude 43° 09’, longitude 79° 07’; popu- lation in 1830, 1,528 ; in 1840, 2,533 ; in 1850, 2,924. This district embraces all the lake coast of Ontario, from the Oak Orchard creek to the mouth of the Niagara, and thence up that river to the falls on the American side, and includes the ports of Oak Orchard Creek, Olcott, and Wilson, on the lake shore, Lewiston and Youngs- town on the river, and an office of customs at the suspension bridge which crosses the Niagdra, at three miles distance beloyggtly falls. There is a very considerable trade from Buffalo passing through this district to Canada, across the suspension bridge; especially im the winter season, at which time it is by far the better route, on account of the railroad communication from the falls, which were, in former years, generally considered as the head of navigation. i At that time the trade of the Niagara district was of the greatest im portance ; but since arts and science have opened new channels of com- munication on either side of that great natural obstacle, the field of its commercial operations has been narrowed down to the supply of the local wants of the circumjacent country. Lewiston, the port of entry and principal place of business, as well as the largest town of the district, is situated on the east side of the Niagara river, seven miles above its mouth, opposite to Queenstown, Canada, with which it is connected by a ferry. It has a population of about 3,000 persons, and communicates with Buffalo and Lockport by sgul- ways, and with Hamilton, Toronto, Oswego, and Ogdensburgh, during the summer season by daily steamers. It carries on some valuable traffic with Canada. The district is, as yet, rather barren of internal improvements, having for their object the connecting the circumjacent regions with the lake and river; for there is but one railway passing through it, which has Buffalo and Lockport for its respective termini. One or two other roads, however, are in process of construction, designed to connect Rochester and Canandaigua with the great western railway through Canada, as it is intended, by means of a second suspension bridge across the Niagara, near Lewiston. It is, however, a question with many minds whether it will be pos- sible to construct a bridge upon this principle sufficiently steady and firm to admit of the passage of a locomotive with a heavy train. But, be this as it may, there will be no difficulty, it is probable, in making the transit in single cars, by horse-power. It seems somewhat remark able that, while the success of railroad communication by means of sus- pension is so entirely problematical, no attempt should have been made, WES) ANDREWS’ REPORT ON or even nipeapesed, to throw a permanent arched bridge across the river near the mouth of the Chippewa creek, which could be effected, one would imagine, by means of stone piers and iron spans, without great risk or difficulty. Should the suspension plan, however, prove unfea- sible, it is probable that the iron tubular bridge system, so triumphantly established in Great Britain on the Conway and Menai straits, will be adopted. So that it may be almost confidently predicted that the Niagara district will very shortly be brought into the line of a great direct eastern and western thoroughfare, which will add greatly to its — Canadian commerce overland, and materially increase the size and progress of Buffalo. In former days, all freight coming up Lake Ontario, destined for con- sumption, was transported by land from Lewiston across the portage around the falls of the Niagara. ‘The noble river itself affords an ex- cellent harbor at Lewiston, being far below the rapids and broken water, which extend to some distance downward from the whirlpool. Youngstown, a few miles lower down the stream, is also a good land- ing place for.steamers. -° A line of fine mail-steamers plies regularly between these places and Ogdensburg and Montreal daily. ‘The other ports above mentioned are mere local places for shipment of domestic country produce, and the receipt of merchandise. No definite returns have been made of their business, so that it is not possible to enter upon this branch of the subject in detail. The returns of the commerce of this district prove it to be as follows: Imports from Canada during pe 1851..... $103,985 Imports coastwise ee en Bs SOS RaGpe Totalimporisie jepioe Bese ie i 340,669 $340,669 Exports to Canada, torent ss pise ye Otol see $150,023 ‘6 6 domestic - produce 3. aS 426,023 6 « ‘6 CORRENMISE SILA STO eas 433,634 Mori lex Hors Ce hee re ey 1,019,418 1,019,418 Grand totale he hte Vein oh ae 1,360,087 Wotaltfeteion commerce.) Ne $689,769 Total coastwise Commerce. Vi Le ae 670,318 Toval' commerce olthe Gistnict ys oo ae ee 1,360,087 The tonnage employed in this district for the following years, was: = ii + 7 Years. Entrances. Tons. Men. Clearances. Tons, Men. TSaL . feewea ele’ 990 427,968 21, 188 990 427,968 21,188 TRSO ES cl bas ts 903 358,048 16,950 903 358,048 16,950 Increase.... 87 69 ,920 4,238 87 69,920 4,238 | COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 79. The enrolled and licensed tonnage of this district for 1851, was: 225 1 e poARR i ARMRAIRRR ali ig el n 100 tons. 7 een eal ig, ea ily. DUD PeraMLOOMACel. She, ee ee eT 605 * ‘The increase in this district will be seen by a glance at the follow- ing tables : Meee anropime ior the “year 1638 oP or Sn2leolco ee 119 tons. 6s 66 66 CCA Weed Oy MME ot Ne Ten RY ee ee LL Discs ‘6 66 66 CRONE NAL, RR ANER: Seto Se nae HOG A Tae ee ot Sth LaO:-986 66 66 66 Chil [en tl ee MN el Mem ce neni os A aa 605 * The foreign commerce for the years 1847, 1850, and 1851, compare as follows: 1847. 1850. 1851. Br ports, domestic sf). 82, : $260,074 $426,761 Pe aereR seach aus Pay +, eat 65,464 159,023 Imports from Canada.....-. 18,015 300,904 103,985 184,556 679,492 «689,767 Canadian trade in 1851. Imports. Duty collected. Pe MERICANIeVESSEIS.. t.ho eS a $42,115 67,04. Nem GmieeetCre. he ee 61,870 121.02 103,985 19,957 Exports—foreign goods. Entitled to drawback. Not entitled to drawback. ineAmenicanivessels. ........45. .- $24,722 $32,052 Dieritien vesselsi 2 ee ce. ee 75,242 28,007 99,964 60,059 Ezports—domestic produce and manufacture. PE ete Vase lee ee er Cl re Ee eke aie $912,924 ETHER Ce ee EY Rate oh. ee a Neil aN ED ANE arate 213,837 426,761 Total exports and imports in American vessels. ..-...-.--- $311,813 ‘Total exports and imiports in British vessels: 2. 2./5.../-)- 378,956 690,769 80 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement of men and tonnage employed in the Canadian trade with this district. Mmerican steam boats ue a ee ee 2,968 men. 424 boys. CW GOL MOSSOIS are phiy (GmeAs 2 D)c0. ate ey 66488 1 boy. Total Americans in foreign trade....3,034 “ 425 boys. Horeisn steam yesselsiaa-224. sets aoe 9,209 men: 491 boys. Cf typ atm eaSele ie% yholin.* fs ek yee as 130 ue DAs "6" hotal.in-foreign . vessels.:\caeauee 9389568 545 S$ Statement of crews on board coasting vessels. No. entries. Tons. Men. Boys. meas wesselsiat Ue ee ae 282 203,120 6,930 818 aliavessels: ee ya 19 1,695 80 cy Total ay ie ks Ree 301 204,815 7,010. 835 No. 9.—District or BurraLto CREEK. Port of entry, Buffalo; latitude 42° 53’, longitude 68° 55’; popula- tion in 1830, 8,668; in 1840, 18,213; in 1850, 42,261. This district has a coast-line one hundred miles in extent, commenc- ing at the great falls on the Niagara river, and thence extends south- ward and westward, embracing the ports of Schlosser, Tonawanda, and Black Rock, on the river; Buffalo, on Buffalo Creek, at the foot of Lake Erie; and Cattaraugus Creek, Silver Creek, Dunkirk, Van Buren harbor, and Barcelona, on the southern shore of Lake Erie; being all the ports between the Falls of Niagara and the eastern State line of Pennsylvania. ‘‘ Buffalo Creek’’ has a commerce larger than that of any other lake district in the United States, amounting to nearly one-third of the whole declared value of the lake trade, and showing the astonishing increase, in the single year 1851, of $19,087,832. This increase may partly be attributed to the opening, in May, 1851, of a new avenue of trade to one point of the district, in that noble work, the New York and Erie railroad. ‘The commencement of operations on this route necessarily increased the competition for the ‘trade of the lakes ;” and, while an excellent share of business has fallen to the lot of the new enterprise, it would appear that the old-established lines have been gainers rather than losers by its opening. Within the boundaries of this district, and, in some sort, all serving as the feeders and receivers of its lake commerce, are the terminations of the following great avenues to the seaboard: the Albany and Buffalo railway, the New York City and Buffalo railway, the New York City, Corning, and Buffalo railway, the Buffalo, Canandaigua, and New York City railway, the Buffalo and Niagara Falls railway, the Buffalo and COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. $l State Line railway, extending to Erie, Pa., through Dunkirk; the New York and Erie railway, extending from the port of New York to Lake Erie at Dunkirk; and last, not least, the Erie canal, intercommunica- ting between the lakes and the Atlantic tide-water. : ; The three Buffalo and New York roads, and the State Line road, have been put into operation since the commencement of the present year—1852—and cannot, of course, be taken into account as operating upon the commerce of this district previous to that date. Of the ports above named, as being embraced in this district, the city of Buffalo is by far the most important; of the others, Dunkirk and Tonawanda, only, have any actual claims to consideration. Schlosser, being situated three miles only above the falls, where the current is already so rapid as to be almost dangerous, enjoys few commercial advantages, and is remarkable only as a landing-place for pleasure parties, and the seat of a small Canadian trade, carried on by means of skiffs across the river. | The Niagara, to this point, is navigable for steamers and other ves- sels of the largest lake-class; but, the. channel being difficult and the current perilously strong, vessels of any magnitude rarely venture themselves so near the falls) The Canadian port of Chippewa is nearly opposite this point; and, during the summer season, a small steamer plies regularly twice a day between Chippewa and Buffalo, entering the Niagara from the Chippewa creek, by means of a cut, and thence proceeding up the river to the Buffalo harbor. _ Tonawanda is more eligibly situated for trade, on the Tonawanda creek—a fine navigable stream—the Niagara, and the Erie canal; the river and creek forming an excellent harbor. It is twelve miles north from Buffalo, on the canal; and, owing to its facilities for the tran- shipment of produce saving twelve miles’ tolls, its business has in- creased rapidly during the last three years. This business‘is princi- pally transacted by Buffalo houses, and the commercial transactions of ‘Tonawanda are, for the most part, made in the Buffalo markets, to which easy access is had by means of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls railway. , : : The commerce of this port in 1850 was valued at $1,205,494, and in 1851 at no less than $3,782,086, consisting of $1,692,423 exports by lake, and $2,089,663 imports; showing an aggregate increase, over the value of the business of 1850, of $2,576,592. | Black Rock, the next port in order, is similar in situation to the last described ; being situate on the Niagara river and Erie canal, only two miles distant from Buffalo. : The returns of the trade and commerce of the lakes at this point are usually included, by the collector, with those of Buffalo. In 1850 and 1851, they were, however, made distinct, and are as follows: in 1850, $1,947,693 ; in 1851, $2,349,334; showing an increase on the year of $401,641. The principal commerce of Black Rock consists in a traffic carried on with Canada, by means of a ferry, which plies constantly between the opposite banks of the river, and in the manufacture of flour, for which purpose several mills have been established at this point. ) . Silver creek, Cattaraugus creek, Van Buren harbor, and Barcelona, 6 3 82 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON are, each of them, convenient landing places for supplies, and for the shipping of the produce of the neighborhood ; but the value of their commerce has not been made up or “returned, as the small-class vessels, which ply in the trade between Bufialo and these ports, rarely extend their trips beyond the limits of the district, in which case they are not required to report their cargoes at the custom-house. Their imports consist of all kinds of merchandise, and their exports of butter, cheese, pork, wool, lumber, and vegetables, the country behind and adjacent to them being one of the richest and most fertile portions of the whole State of New York. Dunkirk is situate on Lake Erie, about 45 miles west of Buffalo, with which it is connected by railway. It has a fine harbor, with an easy access for vessels of light draught of water, and communicates with New York by the Erie railroad, 464 miles in length. There are some slight obstructions at the harbor mouth, as is the case with most of the lake ports, which if removed, would make navigation perfectly free for vessels-of light draught ; but the bottom being of rock, it cannot readily be deepened. The commerce of Dunkirk, which pr eviously was merely nominal, amounted in 1851, after the opening of the Erie railway, to the sum of $9,394,780, being of exports $4,000,000, of imports $5,394,780. The Buffalo and State Line railway, which connects that city with Dun- kirk, also connects it with Erie, Pa. The city of Buffalo, the port of entry of this district, had a popula- tion in 1810, of 1,508 persons ; in 1820, of 2,095; in 1830, of 8,668 ; in 1840, of 18,213; and in 1850, of 42,261; showing an increase of 113 per cent. from 1830 to 1840, and of 132 per cent. from 1840 to 1850. This would lead to the conclusion, on the average rate of increase on the last ten years, that on the Ist of January, 1852, its population did not fall tar short of 5C,478 persons. Buffalo occup.es a commanding business situation at the western terminus of the Erie canal and the eastern terminus of Lake Erie, con- stiltuting, as it were, the great natural gateway between the marts of the East and the producing regions of the West, for the passage of the lake commerce. It is distant ae Albany, on a straight line, 288 miles—by canal 363, and by railroad 325. From Rochester, 73 miles; from Niagara Falls 22, SSE.; from Cleveland 203, ENE.; from Detroit 290, Wi by N.; from Meeks 627, SE.; from Green Bay 807, ESE ; from Montreal, Canada East, 427, SW.; and from Washington, D. C., 38], NW. The harbor of Buffalo is constituted by the mouth of Buffalo creek, which has twelve to fourteen feet of water for the distance of a mile trom its mouth, with an average width of two hundred feet ; and is pro- tected by a fine, substantial stone pier and sea-wall jutting out into the lake, at the end of which there is a handsome light-house twenty feet in diameter, by forty-six feet in height ; there is, however, a bar at the mouth preventing the access of any vessels drawing above ten feet of water. = 3/00 Oe ERA O10 ‘'T. ZG eee eeceee Zz FOL OF 98 979 ‘9 i ee ee GZ eres owes G 06¢ ‘2 ee) * opeloy, Po we ee er el eee ase clen es onne ae Feet e eee ewe weer tle oreo ve |e eeeeserles esses esesiereseosslsseresesieesessor|s® eee eretleeessesel|eesesuselovssseee Z66 See eget gl am oe: EE OAR IZ 9 eoee sees 8G eos nese vA 986 Ce ee ee ee * OFS eee eeeee aye 820 ‘'T SG AIR weleisseisie 8 KEN ITER 8 see weer loser ees slerevonse i weer eee els eee cree ee ‘T. SoHo Bem elem ese e ser siaceesesslersssesvrlsesseese 00L CROPO CECI SE NCE C OE Ont | Ot V9 Ft WC) 98¢ seeees’“ Ue pu’ wo.myAy TFL 66 TL G OP eee eeese 029 ‘PF 6ZL ‘2 Pee oes el ee sere rer elecereuealseeseseoas|seseevesn OPP CBI. cece cees ¥ CIG ‘T Bieiahe) oleic a Sister a TOAD th oA G OL CORO eee elem eevee nleseraseslsencecccs 90T pocekeoynieye) tetel(nastonenisioyel|(#rexednpsresersj|ieleensiwieiniel|{s\afoieieie-Jwil(s)mie.nraceisieit-s\|iezeishehecefs)>) inte ialegs)sieinilcetosaseipialsl= B), SP OOEISOC PI SOUOU aay agrnicy,\ eeeccce woe tle tet www elem ee twee ee se eee sles cs ear leer ccnselereseseeier usec sccelecerecesisceesece(svsevnnn lee seeseaesl(esesnesslocesscesi(ssesences ) aie nt lb mam (2 YN ee EY Gé 8L : 16 ere heer el ee ose er eoses CHO CECROIEETO eee esesreloeeer eevee is ereee eee elteese ewes eso rleees esse OIF SRISS Sa8. oie ete nnn Sea TOCA ee theas Shs cache ee) Nuance Lolo Lege ec heL AL i eIstee) ace n}| Sia heid tn 'i|ieieie' etaa;s ny ithe cic sie) 2siti* pet itcreNaac [Fe 67s vee. ell.ar e.0:0 sa nipaibie ss pt.0e e/a) 2:0 S88 8'e =e 0 Oh 689 ritteneeleesee eeestecssers [eseeeeeel og teeeeeees [eee eeeeleeseeeseleceseee | gry teteeereeeeeee emaniysy 08 t steteceelecsesees| 7 reeeceetlecsesscs| Zante [ereeeesalesecee ceclecereeealesecarcelectececa|esreteseslecrsccesleceeseae! 7 99 ais 6 8a: sip ies orale > A TIES L 9 L eee ve eees G eoeu eres levee asses $G coer ee eelesr sess oes eee er erento r ese eerselesereeee 929 ‘PF Ts cd 966 iat ele OROO RN TG? eee ne eee) |) Seen RAS she) | BAe ele a keeA) ele 6.6588) 8) 1a eee © Sele) alone Roe) 618 6)|laialelg® © Crs) ele 6 0) .6 (6.4 0)| 618 8 Peis wsi|\ete @ 60/6 e's. oS lia ele 6 ie ele 6 |e 06 0p ce wp lewe diate ce {ts 6 cls © Meer loss econ wileves seeslavesectbclie db se’ elec s Pee ereerrlecceeseriereeseesisereseseeiscsec vee s|scereseslemeeeeert|[eoevecsei(esersece|oseereseseseleoervvcece iE Pees vecsittsesaseernieccvesessisceoeacesisconateana TL ine eee Ronee) ele Lene ISLS) Slee Cle Pee) ie) 8) 6 CLS Salei)\e ees 96/6 )8)) vee 8 6)e6)8) |e Ries © © 4.0) lia g0/ 68.010, 0)| Siete isles 6 ¥)l es e/a a6 00 6 6l\eae au ae ville .0 0 0 ec eeu eee wees [tee elecennleunreteotlecsve sevclescssecacivearvivasrecse Peer eee sttesss err e|e ees anererlesesans 29/8 0 Cees) eee Cee ote eee aac eceeer i eretereti seas ee eeselgasctnassjevegcevcslascenecsseMiseereeeeiocecsscciannscevrese(scerecseisseces conn Cee enone meee er erere a. 2) |iSaa SSS sae eres. e18 08) \s) wie 8 e188 piles 88. S6 eel ese s 09 8he.e.c.a 4 \ 0 4||\ S80) @in se 8 Bille @ @ 6 6 @ Owsiliawec sis Dee|lecet sonatveceoc.ece|*¢ @ 6-0 8 turlesee fanelevesedioc ecsecvcsaevisacséevnces wees weer ere e seer (ese eases lceeseerestosersoses{ereseasele gov tvee i) eeereeseleseweeeerl|secesreeneete cen ceserl(secceneeslsccevnese eee seetisceccecwnseelesesevesrteoesreceevrleceeesesleseseses ANDREWS’ REPORT ON i & wore sees 9 eeereceseleoorevave z ewer eset lencnc eres Cees ee aes eleee reer elsses sess eeesusreusvioeeesseslesssscesiosssaeonisrseee srs uiseesouselevsesensiseuseees|esseve sees SE eo rere = OOD I weer esealocer oovalereseeer|eesesveelisewsesovsica Sie GYass is 6) [ lala havele asi] ov eign aiaiega| lis sinieie w'si|(ee eicisiciajnins lio cwecensieasrsisinnlersccegeleberecesestensesecolacescasclecsesece|ssccoccscalecseseseoess HOnTD IDA — Ss “BOLIC! “BOXO | *SOXo” | ‘syseg |'sporeg “SYSVY |SOOLOTy, |spolreg |soypung ‘sose pe "SOC "soxog |‘spotivg | “SsToysng |.*sysep | ‘uezod | ‘sorted “SYSCD *sq.10q “suey pue nose “XBMSOOT ‘jooq ‘ylVgq ‘Lope | TOYooTy “Orv “SOUSY “‘ppnuny pun i40d unrrisup yova wolf ‘puy yova fo sayyuonb pun ‘hysadosd & fo spury ay) Sumoys : TGQT woh ay) sof ‘ppvUDny wolf pun asinjsnoo ‘oynfing 1 paarases ‘puonysna sunow ‘hjwadord fo mmawagnrgy COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. nee. 9OT‘T. resrereafieereesfeereeed g cas ner ite sn oar 866 Ce ee Oe ie er as ee eet eee eleos esos “1Oq ua Ny “SSCL ‘SPU “3014 -10q 190g ee eect oen: 991 ‘T. *spolreg. 666 ‘T. ee eens oe ‘SUIT "19990 r U 626 ‘T. . Tez ‘OT y FSG, 110 ‘6 4 1 Te¢‘T |" 601 j Se wwe eee ee ee ae ol $90‘ g 119° TIL ‘3 68 | 06F ‘F ee erat se 19 ne oad tele a vpantan sate a Hits ter thse 129, Pr te CEG Gai aaa + ee ae Bh x late Oe i i iC ac aca ‘SSO BS) CRAG Sf ‘S1appvig |puv sjoog Migr Proc dca ‘soxog | ‘soxog *sa0ys “soo APS8G'T. AV8S ‘1. ee ar) 916 ‘T . “solve "ul09 MOOIg "mOZ0, "SHOOT c6 c6 099¢"¢ eee eee ewes 099 ‘8 Br one e | otaceees aeiacs| ae eee seer] gy 76 | 180‘T Bea bee cae e0l ote eae Bee 'T serves] Og SDRC cet eee en ete G61 ‘T. ea eee eee 661 ‘T. ‘spun | “syseo ‘suey pue uooRg ‘ponuyu0g—a ‘opnfing 79 paaraoas ‘panmysna suaow ‘hpsodosd fo quowamnrg *S00.10T], ee et et “* Teq0, Ths epemeg * AYO WeSrYyOIPL eee nee oOskRoIYO “UB SON AL . “rote ss eyUsOUEy teeeeeeess onoeay Hess OnMBANTAL “sos ues foqayg. seer *s,ydosor “49 “*"*UdAVTT purrg “SpuUvIsy loAvog “o's Keg mae “sess MeOrOR AL “"** MBUISRE “ee ATID “48 tees s TORUOAT, “99 MOM "8" IVITBLQE “*** QOAMOJAL +85 Opalog, “** qTOUOA *-* z Ss eines cna sicices* (ag puRS esas i eee ae oe ere ey g emcee uwreler neve ces alee ener censl(ereessveleeerseselsacececalesssvece 9 Pip iae fe inicse | wiaievensunsnin]|\sxnloiereceqeicueval| eVare/ore\cinreseis)| sieges sieieinl™tie.= si "lei TIA TATE ORR OE EY 1ZQ 008 ecoeseue CL TP 066 SI eecc ere o {eee eeevel|ereesene OL s[iesigasceamnede G 0g 008 ‘8T ee ee ee Ce nee ccc seein es * DUROAaTS wee eerste eens cece Rin (0 eve pty| ei ope ois.) in nin poegneeay| aininip-ci=.n maenelleaaee ain n) = 2” -*)| Sinden. scell|nn,0/e\9\>,¢:> sob =/.0/8 = Ree aNS seer ecre{eecsesseseselei ee eeeelteneeesreoeree|sovreeseeers|/oeesenedoesien ress eceosel(seeerneerse|oosessoer{seseeeaes/eeersese ross eees|seereteesrtfouereresr|oeuseevess(|seeteeeanves Siginasi-sievesel {ieverelei8\e) *\ i516) 968. Secs UME Cone were wee steerer eseeer|oosseseesleen sees seleeseseeseooiee sere ene eee eee seece{seecseesslescseceesslesreceeesjesrenesel(eeesoseel|eseree-elosesovce Age TeisusksasienedtEsip et clesepere) shes Stak aias shod sini ieu Airs) °28 7mm ea ent eerceee 08? eeeeeene 1B seevcecr esas 06 ee eee see rieseeeseslfoeccceeseleecseescarisenevese|sesseseosi|seseeeser{aneseses{enveseecesel|oeseeeoceur |e est ouve 29 9/9 /0(9 saves oct SRO CE eseoeerstes eee eseoee|soeeteeeleeneese se oee/osrcaseoecer!|os esse seusiestosevves|sseeeeeoe|/soeeesesl(sessroees{eooessereoes|/eeeseezel(eeseersel{oeseeeoes|ee esses oseelse rset nue cere woes se ecrseessoTOQg UOSIPVL eeerevesloseereveesiosesesen 9 nese iolekey exehekes|}eis pelea iaxelezade) |islialnge ree. eneiaiel|isjexaareiaieje5)(@\sie; i 0.@1e) Si |,e 0460504) 058) (eiminile)eiese=s)| ie (sine feja\-ei¢)| 8/018) (eelele.i6) (release) 050. 68)| ai e)ie iste ieee foiei{isjars\s)le/eit, ais e)}isyexsle-ejele.s OE MM Mas Oh aa | cis (hig Deeeeese|eoeeeeervessi|eszeereeosl{eneseeeeesel/secoveereese|/esreesesoevioasseosses{/oosereet{(esoeseesi(eeerseeesiseeerseesi|eeeeoces(|sr +: esers}aesesaces|seveerrurer|s seers oeoseoloreresns Wines e.c.8 e049 sei Sa BOUNORD wereerecel!se eres eoer esse seve G seoreceesce| soc eescecoea|soesseesesrnisaesese eee ese eerie eet eee si secre eosesieseeseesissers ese 9G 000 ‘FZ ee cet tees eles e teense oisie.e.0 sigs s8.0)218 012 Se OTT eerseeesl ee ses svoeesi/sevorese G Peewee tec rleseesseeoee|ss essere voese{/sseoesseiese reese i|eeresecceaierereoareleeoerencss|ereeeeerisese se Sleseeesresev ee teetoseeieese verse a.s\sie-e.eeisisic, sss = PTO [SOMME Peer eset leoe see eeoesiseeusesel[se geese eestor eseos ase [ee oseereces|se seen gorelsseeeees|oeoeoeee wre seceiecescseosceleescccan{sorsuser|osseresrsisosseccsecsss(eesoereoser|seeeeeeeiveee ao Se nis.on le SEL eee ee ecco meee estes eee secs len cnc eneslee secs cen r lessee eer ssi scce se saleonceunelerascersleccececslssacaccnleccsccenleccccenelesccceserslecccrecscacisee sosclessasercencs HORT JOANG *porIeg| “loquuy ‘spl0g | ‘roquinyy | ‘s][OW “‘soxog ‘sorvg | ‘syseg | ‘spuH | ‘sysvQ | ‘syoeg | “spyry | ‘suoy, | ‘suog, | ‘xoqumy | “lequiny |'Joquny ee eee *81.10g *saqot ‘sduind “quomep| ‘sysod Iepog = |‘ so SeIIIeO|'Sunedivp) ‘soypureg | ofeyng “kpuvig *sOTISTIG ‘souog “Hog youg Weg] aseg ‘penunu0g—2h ‘ormiing yn paaaret “prnaysna sunou ‘hjsadoad fo quawaynig 1 93 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. peaereeere se eeervoee esceeeosee *sHOBT "PUTAS 100q ee cece oe ee ee oe reese ee seer eros se seeere eres ‘g[OLIRg *gOTIOqUeID ee org 0¢8 eeoresece “soleg "T109}09 \ | 626‘ —$—$—$<— ee ee ce ee oe 626 ‘% eereeecves 68 eceeerteoes . ° . ° . . . . « “sToLieg ‘(ROU ULOD 9621 ‘896 ‘Q 8 9 ¢ 88) ‘886 ‘G 69E ‘818 888 196 689 ‘21 86F 19 L1G '6 eee 10608. eeeeereo ese 00T ‘Z ¥08 "866 CTO '6T B0¢ ‘828 ‘T Pies a) ‘6 140 ‘08% ise 108 ‘ST. 008 °% 008 T ., TOT 2h 696 ‘ST eoeev erst eee eoereees eee seve seeeeee "spoysng “M109 &Q secre eee “‘sHOVg coment FSH % SEES ct eocecesese oT ‘S000Ig | ‘SUOg, “2eT00 “reddog OFS 6 86¢ G 08 eeereeee SLT "SpIlIVg|sos soeg eeceeesroee 00% ‘O9T OOF 097 @eeeeeeoee *SIBTIOd “uyoo eo oe ey oe *suog, “Te09 ° | 410 he eco e eres coos ence 1g eee et eseoe *soseO “‘SItSIO S1T | OOP‘O9T | LTO'LT | 19 | +8 | 69 | 102 LT LL ‘spalleg “TOPIO ee ceee Ay) eecec coos "Sao7| “SIsBO ‘esooqO ‘ponujuog—ap ‘ojnfing 3 pamaras ‘pavmjsna ownou ‘hjtadoad fo quamainrg 660 ‘E97. |""°* eeeceesecoesieceee 660 ‘S9T ee eee toes elec vee Ce eC ey seer ee ewe else ene eek ere ere ele erte essere sore seers . ° . . Oe ‘soxog ° eo TOT, “sess epeuEg ANID URSITOIPY eee eens osRo1yO “o's qegayNe MA “+s eqgouayy theese anTOBY “78 "* OLTOCATLAL “ss -uesLoqoug “RB Tdasor 4Q ““UDABHT Puvayy “SPURIS]T 1aABvOg “so £eq ad8IH "oss MRULPORA eevee “"MBUISLE Pees aI 4g soos WORUeA, sess qroogr so eregTeAqLO "55" QOATLOTAL += © oporog, “' “qmOme.T ‘cs A¥snpurg ee oe ee * UBIT pue uoinyy “nets 8 = 8 OR TEOTE Tress COTTTIUIIO A “OAT HOV TE seeees qrodarey “*sOO(T UOSIPRY . sess) Bmqe ys +++) sangomu0g tereeee ees grainy ‘) -* BTOTADIVg see eeres oO *** yooIO JOATIP ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 801% 809 ‘913 ‘T 196 'T 096 ‘TT 18 SF9 ‘F0B'T SIT, TST ‘eg SITs 816 ‘T TOL LT £20 ‘08 90¢ 197 ‘9 G86 ‘8 ee ee eee es eee G60 ‘S — —_—— 808 80% €60‘S —__ we eee eeele see seee SI 961 CC Ce se ee we ee tees were ee ee eee wee Pees ee etter esse esies ese ensteves 4 Dees ee eelese verse eel|o se se eeeessas Pe es wore ween ee ee re ee owas & ee re ee eeloo ne beet ee er eloe vise reloeeere seer eeens pees ee eel en et se reiee ss ee es osee weet eerste one ees weer essere eee sl| eros cee er ase && oe OY ee ee oe ee enol es eres oe vove ee ee ee ee ee eee eer lee ea eeeeosee al tat Re eles nae 7 eh GOL OL ra) OF 9% ¢ FG g Cro Seni ese zs wee) 812 88 ual 66 seer ee celew eer eeen ee ee ee re ey Tee ‘013 116 (82 616 ‘81% 6F9 UP 'T6 B10 1% 620 ‘098 66 ‘9 8cg ee ee ee ee eee oe org q 16 iE ee ee esos seee hese ie 1 69 86 POT Pee Ce ee ee ee or ere Rte 610% 9 Ci i iC iC cy *"soxog |*sjelieg] ‘spo1ieg *sOLIEg “palap “mag | deed Qmag “MOTT 819 | ow ae ~ 198 ‘T 6 ¢ 878 ‘T P eens oe ee eee eae ee ee ee ete es “s[olivg 888 ‘T —_— se eo ee ee ee 988 ‘T et ae 696 eee es eee errr ee “S39Vg "poos-xvpq IP ‘3 Sil TP ‘S STE ——_— (a cite. es SOheE A, ee ee te estes eo ee st oe v cove ee se oe ee nerece eo eoeeee eee eee eeloe &7 eo vero ee es eeesee ee eo ee ee ee bere sree ee wees ee erlee oe es sees cose rece lee se se esee ee eer ee estoses ee seve ever ee eelen oe se ee ne ee core rele e tere sone sere ee eelsee ee ee eene ee cere es ee ee woe eles cose ae oe 698 ee ee ee ee oe oe esse ee ee teen ee ee ee oe ee rereeelen ere eo eeve 108 seen ee es ee eee rerloenoe ee cree ee seer ee vere wees ee col se se ee seas ee ee ee celeste ee eee seer ee males ones sees se eee evelee ones en oe I8T ee oe ore elee es esevee eeeec ee es eect eres elotoeeo eae ‘SUO, ‘Soler ‘dmey puv x¥ypiq er soccer re oe oe ee ee sees oeeererene coer ee eee *sprx0g *POOM-o.1y 186 ‘6 10¢ ‘T 6 ¢ 616 ‘6 —— | coe . . eeee eee eeesere 190 ‘T. eoeeeeoe | "SLOT VAT 9688 | O8P ‘TL —— g - 19 1&6 € 118 ‘TT CO eC ee ee Ce i ee ae i ee a ee ects sees 68 eee eres alee se eeeelece eeoaesoeoae W Ce ee ie a 9 266 Cs ee ee eT 6.0) ¢).e36:\6) @)sie\6)|\6 0m Sie 's\8 w: 8 \6!lini nie 2 w/o 0.0:| 6101p) 8 =» eel eile see re reverie eee sr eserigeessesalresteseslese ee weee secs les wes eseee|sgccenecel|seecegucalece peoeeee vere lee eee seme rla nse veers leeet eae ese ec eceeoecs eee erone eee teense vse eee slece Ce ee cs es irr i es fs ea eeeersserl(eseeerscet[eoee rene |seestepavcsile ee ecee ease tr leeeeevens a ee ad eee eo esse eee els eee ss one ee es oe ey Fe TOL eovecece|eeseepecelece ee eeseearelee eres eseeigzcaeseceel|erst® ope evlace ee eee cones eee er wees wees 68 i Se ie ee eee ea = Bh ek ae eT eR ‘syotg | “sparieg | ‘soqBaIg |'soqIeg ‘S007, “OIVATOUAV 7 ‘ponutu0g—ah ‘ornfing 70 pamasas “panmysna duanou ‘iptadosd fo quawaynig eee reas leer sone sisases “SYSeO “TROL tre yee «002 ETE cress Kary WeSIYO PEST hese sie eORROTT ES SPs s2s SB BONA veteeees © eysOUas “-9uloey veer ees onmeMT efecccces “*** * uesogeqg . Sfipesrs:* secs aaa e[oreers =" "> TOAweI ERE ss eeeress*Spuelsy loAvIG opts cr tcines + «= Aeneas ojosccccsst sss: = AB Re TS corse ess meTIaSRS reese Teg 9g sereeeee GuqtONg, +++ -q100q "oo" Teqpelqry reese QorTOTy “** opalog, “ooo -qTOmOLa sreeess KGsnparg Ue] pue aoinyy +S pURTAaIO ee a re ee eet e ewer i ee “+7 OTT[LOIIE A "To OATY HOVIG alee ene cnee teoetesquodsyeg * HOO UOsIpepy oo) emquyysy s'** neauTOD earner “"** BTOl[sD.1eg ree safreererseeess yQ9I9 TAATIS "210g COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. eee eee lee sere sese OTL 088 ‘T ee ee ee esos ee ee we eele ere owen es Peewee eel eee ese reseller avrcveeis 088 ‘T 8T eee e eae 8t CHSC es oof es es Gere oelics So Ge cveivesrcceessversleocencerve T SO ee aw ert re reereeeerelessreovosn CO i OO ee ie i i rr ary ee ee ower ee ee ee ee eel ee teases EE ee fe a ae ay Pe ee ee erties ee ee vo esloe ssn ee ve Pewee eelee esses eelescnvere Cs Ck i is ire i ere) Cs i i i ie ie ary Pe wore rele eee ee navel es en tone PO we meee le mse meee eelaane toes Beer w em eel e mee rear solar serene ee eee Ce CC ee i ey ae Sac ie 8% at Ce eeeer eee ele nes anae Ce eC ie ie a ee ry 8h G38 016 Ce Ce ec ee ry Ce i ay eee tweens eee e wees sees sees seer eene ee eee ee Ce Ce oC ee i er rd Oe er OY Ce ee eeresiorecereeeeeiereseeesi/ecncncsccosiecnenscon T 6S G08 i i cs i a ee a i | were eee else seers eeselosee eves seer wees See eee eerste rennene “SUOT, | "soSeyorg| ‘sysvo “OIBAMSSULD ttt ha tt a Cr i se ee ee eeee seen ee eeee ee ee raeeee ee essere es ee ee er oe ee se ee ee ee ee ve eeeseene seer ee eves ee ee eee nes ee eter eo ee eC a ea) ee ewer ewes see eee wene se aes esses 6 ey ia’ 29LT. eee eee ee eel ease eeee ee i a ee | oe ee were ee ee ee eel ew we ee ee wel ewe eee 6r9 see eee wees ee eeer eres *"soxog seen neee eore esos eeee sees Cr eeer sere ewww tees ee nee eee eoerevee eeee reve ener e ef ee ey eeee reese eres rece eens eens eeeneee were erase T coer eone seen eens evens ese eeeeeees 8T wees eee em eene “SUOg, “SSB —— Pewee ae eeler cere ar eee r esse vrsl/enseseees|se ove, €sT ‘8 Gé6L EST “Sx *soxOg COT Mee ee eres veee 61 eee eee eeoe see eae eee teee Se eee ewer elerccves seer ee eee OP econ eee eeee see coer eee eoeeree eoeeeee were eee whee etwie) eee elra wir specs e eaceses sleeecesee eereees seer resees “sosvyoRg | *soxog “SUSU . . “BIMGsuopsO WOT Sd9X0q NOP + 66 -_OOOO y 66L 88 oe ee ewes 6 wee ware ele eee e ee eselenes weer weer 69 6¢ & g L I ee oee sees elereseeece QTL eweelseceerone CTT Oe eC a eC ee ae a ie 6 eee e eee loee er eesleosnen vase P Oe Oe Co en er | ob ence eee wes eeeese eccees BOOK cece ee cee § be cbietehe ce caee SPL ee ewes 61 &@ eeeeee oeee eeee eens *S[I.LIRG seer eves sere ree eleoseoeene 4 eee resets ese awn eer etree ler s wees ewe eee elecoerees Ci OO i i ee oe ee ret v 9 9 iE Ts 9 iG VG See eee es lawr ee ewes GS ike ce eee pees eeeeleee reese 6 4 Cs oe ie a a} & 1 eee eer ele nee sean eeere eens “SHStO, *soxog “SIT G8 ‘ZB see PLS —— SP 9 1& 979 § ee ees ereeel|ereeenes 608 01 Poteet ee lee ee ee es LIE S0E SGT seem eeeereleeesseeeleneseeeesiones 118 68 ) cI 8 ‘ 116 ‘T. CiFLoye se) ells’ len ly a epvaeg Tess $9 wesrqorpy ‘gr ISAS CSRS OB ROTI Totes see TB BOANG AL enemies) (1019155 eee came OOS CLO! terres ODMR ATT eee ee eons wesfoqoayg sreeress ss udaesor yg “Tess OAR puway “ss "" SpURIST JOABOG eee ne eeee Avg ase. seeeee ees MUUTYORIT Ts ene cee TM eaNeeS o18. Shes! 0-0 8 OT Tay <4 fie 8 08 9.2 0 ce TOMTOM, see HONS SSP TOUT, ore cee 28 VOTPEIGES) eeervreereerreeee sOIUOTY ee eer ee ee en eeee Opsjoy, eee POPLAR IRL OS PAN SAN PARRA DETR NLO Cut wees reese nese 28 PRD eR Z coer eens Ho et SF EMO TLTAT pus udiny, 631 8cL ee eer ee ee eeaeee purpAadglpD weet weer elewee er eeee sonecsee ee ee STOTT NUONTOIAL Terese eee TQATS HOBIE ' Seem eee le wes amar ler ee eens ORE ESOC T0(0 8 1% § J Se ete eestor ee enee tereeseessegOg UOSIPRIy i} ee sorseese ses See Mae yoy Gj 9% eroeee “gnKouUu0y/ sete ee wee nl ewe scons IG 1g sete ewee 3 259.8, 01014) 8)]8 958 8 a9.9 big g.ece. gig leh SIERO RS Tan Gp I 9) OL OF trecesselonrrsen senses: GUO OIG Pewee ewareloeenceeslereeceacselerreseesianecennnleres. eeelevesvvsseerecs vs yaryung eoeerrererrleeoreeeeti ae eeeeseeeiereseeeefecccvosei|seoaseces sessecerer es TQRT TOATIG eee eeees so ay CO eo i ee oo i ee ard LT is &8 I 9 Peres emer lees esos tier eres von e Se laoceoe emo : ea ts Bhi oncecrf Si Reena Ce CC oer rs epee ewe rle wes cees eeereeres eee ee eee eee rece sees etees eee veee weer eee rle ree eer elena ae eeue eee seers 9 eters Peewee sew e sl eeee ere stoeeeesselsave ee ewer eeeel| eer tert oer e ees slioeee weer eserleese neces l(eceevees P81 09T 68 Be SIS 19 g 09 oF ee eC ee i | 698 6 3 86 ew eeee see ewes eleers a} sone eee row eeleese QGP g 3 See peed negli ts aa 18B 909 3 Fos ere a i Ce oe a ee ee er a Y teeereenee| oF 8B Pee eee eee sle eee eee elena ase ane ia! weer ewes leooas eevee eees serene seorlesereees 6 a a art Cc ce a *‘SOv ‘sjoy |‘sodvyoeg| ‘soxog | ‘syoug | syoyseg “S]IOg “O.MATUIN GT ‘pop mag ‘ponunu0g—ap ‘opnfingy 7p paaraoa “panaysna Suaow ‘hjsadosd fo quaumajnrg ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 96 18 eh9 696 decry 10n'S F608 169'26 | Q10‘T9 93 | ¥09 810'sr | #98 Ost 901° | 90L'h.| POLE | Teg [cet Teo, a enc | | TT | TT LT TT a aia ko eran’ Ie 16h aig '‘T Bee wen pee eee he ees | nae cecees |seeeeeseeeey 0g POOR MeO O PRES el EH EHO H eH eee | see eee HEHean eH eEeEeEEEEs | SHHE ETHOS HS g Coasecenesecssrccsonecee epeuey 882 OT * APO WesIgopy Z0L ann aueRae ses CeR Hae SERS ATTICS Tr reer errer se udecgesetansasees BAO RE AA. sassseas sovsseensssveseseneess BUSOUDST eee ee eseenee | eeeeeereeeeeene 0g weeeeeeeeeere “OryNB A [UAL reerererratiititi tri iti uvsfoqoug wee eeeneeene shenecencvensaertag TGOuOl 49 pee wesenenee sosesseavenes SOE CIST 1oAvIg eee eeeeeneee sonencegconavennsseo KBE TQOAe) eee PrTer ee Os Re 18 8h9 69% Z 0689'S 160 ‘8 Z8L‘96 | eto‘'ta 93 | #09 296'1h | 98 08T eoL't | 9on'h | FST ——— | Cae TU TTELTe Tere Ce es ee 19 pe eneenes (Peete esseeen 168 Renae ee ween eel eH eeeeereses | seeeeseeeesr | HHeeeEeeesee (sere eeeeeees 101 [i Gor z 808 ‘T A eee eroreeeerns| cree eeneeere| veeeaeeneses| seeneusneees 9 6T 808 fee Beene eee e eee (HH tHe HOH eHeH | eH eeebeseresser | tHOEFE OOOOH HEHEHE HEHE EH SEeHEEEeEeEE HHH HSH EOEEES eeeeeecseeos|seresee ee © se gla 02 id 86 108 ‘T ig 980 °Z 9% PTUMTTeLI MTT eT eee ee eseerer eee rece nese | eee ae eeneen| errors ene see eee ees| Ses see eee eee eeeereees eeaetenseseer iL 6L 83 sae eee eae eeeees [Hee Pree eee eseeeeesiseasaeons G ee error eeens 9g eee weeeencce V6 FeO meee ewer eerereelsereeeoee Cz" 9 SI eereeeee eee en erersne 6L Y6, RNs GOs ry eee ees erereecn|seeearevesesees seposeeeaees g oe TEPETER Ee Cee ry ener eereererl eeene PrETVURTU TER 03 seeeerese a] eecesecevens fe 6G Reve meee erareee [ee eewse sree eeeres|nooesuses HOP ese ree eenver| seers eesssewens | PEFOSOSOEOOH | HH aseeesess| Fee eeeauseEE | HHeH EH EEE ES ee beeesneese| see eeeereree eee e en eeeere [Pee seer eserenas | Meee eeseeseseeelseeassseeeurens se aceeees Ceee rer oarerces seme eereeeee seer ee serene [sees erases ober re neenes| see eereosessls ap eeee esses | eee oereeeer eeeeeeneneen BAO OG OU UOs ers OOO Be dl didi Remote esas en | eee erereeere sree eeesree|eeeceseserereesers| Sesser eoesee OL PTUTETEREET TE Cs eee ee ee) 8L See eeeseeaseees | seer eerereae sleccveccee | tees oeesoees (See ems eerersern| seers neeennse| See Heeseessr| sus sssveuser| ses sesenasee i see seEEeeees Peon eereress | eueeeeeseneeeasesaeeeen mvulseg “ATeID 9S POPP RP ESEOROS TESCO I OT POMICRA fi Teen er eweeesl eee weeeneneeserereeen® q10.19q “Tey PAQLH wees aeeeeees tre eneeeeceecesseeeets QO UOT pee eree ee eeerenseseeeee ope]OL osdvarvses**snteO lod S| ncunsecae eoedasece Aysupurg treseeececee/soesseeeeTIBTITT PUG DONA sev eeeeseree purpeAa2»pD eee ee eenees seevescossossoooes TOT [IO A se teeeerlessenseorsrores TOATM YOB[G apevae daa tepeeeecevesseeorsee-g TOCMB IT Cree ees Pere errr ere Ty yoog uosIpryy 8 weeeeeee e[nqeyysy al a eaceesee soesseeee qneveduopn ee ewer eweeee sanssdeansecesser es 6*>s>SEhO IT seseeers BOOTODIV seeaee teense sevcocscecccnsoensoos HITHUNG . seeseessscosees*TQOI() TIATIg eee ce reveses| tee eeesereee| serseressseosesees| secsereeeues Poor eer eeseeree |sewseeseeseenee Peo memes eres ease ee sees se | sere eee eee eH | FHHEEHEHOHSY | HHH HEHE HOES | HEHEEEEHETE SHOES Peeeseseerrsrar T 007 Deere ee ere eeesee se leoveonces | HPP FOE see | FPR SHHHSEEEHee | SEES ER SHES OH OS ee es Us oo eeesesoe eee ee eee reese | Pee Hees eee eeeeelseeese sees seess | POHHH HOES EOHFOSES len nnsnens | Sees eeenerus |) eee eervores eee eer eeree | eee reeeeenes PTUP TERETE Ce eueeerercens OT I sees eneeeven OTL $63 y¢9 ‘9 9cL ‘F eeeeecens | See reverence 228 ‘T. se beeceeneseres 98 abo eescoesse| sree eesseees ape sececcree| ser rnseeres seeeee recovers lsoneenesensenes eo aeden Devecenes 09¢ EP9 voenceceevoccen| senceeererss| veseveseeeus . eve eeesecres q sven eorevevosveesnl soccer sooner G i) = geen 80 1 Ane Dor cle ee eeeereens g evececcececs Ze AS) bee eeaceenes TPE 88 816 63 $G6 OL oeevecvee IL oe P) el seaceeaseser|seeeeneeenes 89g eee teeeenee 5 PTeMUT OTERO eee Peo wee oe OOo wee Fee HEH OHH OHH EHD Hee wee Hee eee was | THE HHH HHH EH EHHHEHH le a eesavee ecto eeeeeaae loa adi ge” stp eee ee eeeeee ase eee eeee ee eee er eeenee oveccesecces 98 eee cee cen the cones ose eee eeeeee T¥e T¢8 69F ‘82 S16 '8 Cc 0&g 6 z aoe veeesees T OL je G2 eee eee see tte wee eer ere ete ree eee | eee eee eee 00s Bae eee ere ere eee ees Z8G 08¢ je woeeeenes 9 116 ie eter eereores ST CGP 6L 6g C88 00T eesaraeavenst’s 066 6a) ‘8 88013 S81. ‘ZS oe Ga ea 012 ‘8 012 02 eer‘t | Salp | Zar BAO Gs Os Deer Fee eee] Oe wee be ese tee leon ose see ves cee | Hee ees erases een vee meer ere eeeen| Meese re eeser| eee see use ste ree eee! see see ereres - cone peccvese| oe ee crc eee see] secnce ces cas [seeees ese nscese | ceccecese seasons [ese sescescsvecs |srerresenseaseesarioanegaces (osesessseees SCL Peace oeseresns| Hee eresrene 28 nec caeeccces | ene rceseeres|sesuseren seessseas| see ere eerese OF 668 8 coeeeeeen [eter eeenerns ISL oe eee ee meee reel erence cee eee ese [renee ees sseean | HeePPPBOHeeeFHOHeslanneugnns [seurer essay |eeresresesaseesisvsversnscrures Pe erarerer| Cee eeeerarerlseeseseserer|essesnareses (sere eeseenes APO CPO meee eel weer eeeeesen| eee eeesesens | SHEE eEHEees eee weerenece| Hees eeeearen| seses a eee Fee sensen| see eeenesoes Beet eeseseer 68 weed eeeee eee tetas e | eee aeeereens 7 61 06 VANE eee eneee 1% Seececccoses if Peeeerernsessenees VA Poe ere ere seer se| ene ves een eeEees [see nase se seases OL sooner ecoese 6 6L seeeaeneencerseone V4 9Z1 G9Z 6PL‘S S6L ap eeecnn [ener seesees Beer eerenoee vA!) FOP ee ee Hee EH OOOH le sasesous |Peeeeeepeene TTT TT ry ce ee) o]eeeene eeeeoeenanee CROP Oe ee eerrorel sonsenseseesere FG Bee ereseres| Pee e He eeeees| sesaesereeee| ree eeeserese | HEOEEHEHEeED She Seno os Merri nn errr rrr OOO ors CO ha hee bl hide G POC e eee tener pees eeeeserer Heese esereer eee eeeoeees Pe eereesewsslens Pecos aserees |eeeeseresere See e er eeeneslereceeeeseae | eeH eee svanes | HHeeeessenes aeeece center [eeeese creer [ose Oe sereeuors [severe eseevenas |sHeveneseavenen 0B ee eeve ses eee eeecerens [seesoeseesrorsr| sooeseenaseeaes Peer oweevces| seer seeseeee | sree iene. *slOIIVg | ‘Sokog ‘spvoyssoyy |‘s[otireg | “zsqumyy | “Aoqumyy | *toquinyy “S[O.LIvg ‘suoy, |soypung)| ‘toquany\y ‘soseyoeg | “Sesep | ‘suoy, ‘ON =| Slog | Spotreg "gy10q “sJOOq *9aT1780 ‘orempieyy | pues saxozy | “sdoxy | ‘sosioxy | pousog | ‘ssozy | SOUT YSIET ‘SOPIH "ITC ‘yey | ‘souojspuly |*esvorg] ‘ontD ‘panunuog—aP ‘oynfing 3 pamsoee “panmjspa suraou ‘hysadosd fo quawaynig 97 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 6 eeeeeseeore eee esesecerreee Ris, =. ge I 7 91 Peerseseeavevee 02 rae Oeeeeesescceves ERincicotara 8 > 8T Pe eereeveresess ‘saxog gt8‘8 E78 ‘8 a ae seaese eee sevee 18% ae sewer erereesee 83 eeeesecceeevore OF eee easeresaere “S10 *1OYVIT 8T eee e seer oese 81 eee e eee s tees eect ercreoee see ee see eee eee eee sees ercecsessecser se eeeeseescseveeee eee eescsserenee G eet ees ese eoee see eeeeesrscennese a] sce cesesceescsses Poorer ecessesecesy See eee sores sesace Fee esoveessoecones i © 0 6 oO seeesesesces eeegee as So © © oseeonascees T Peewee seeveceas ves Pe eeerecccscese one Peer eesesecores oes Serer eccreecere one eee ee oes eases ens Sooo eee esesores oes see see rosreseresy eee meee ee reses ees *sodvyoeg ‘adid prot 08 08 08 seeees essere eee eeeronens seaeceeceser, eeeeesccroes eeceeeeee eoeveccerens seoseveceses sebosccecese ecco csccer seb eesececae eeoeeceerees seboresecons sew enccerers soeee peoeeeeeners secoeeverers eesee seoeeeseevces sere eeeeecey seme cesesees weet erceeres see eesorsoes “‘SUOg, ‘Bmasuapsg wo. sfay qgy t 888 ‘0G —_ ——_—- ee eceereoee 126 SO Seer eocececccss asec eneercevees eee e sees esecns ee eccccescscces ee ceceeseeeoes eee evocuscovces peccees 200 Deeceeceroes eoeresesecceoes poe teneeecesosr eee rroees cross eo reeesecesece eee eter eesercee sea ere eaeevoees eee Pees eeeneens Bea ceeceeceerese “pesT 888 “0% | ie'g | hoe | ee ees eee cre cccseeces eee coeccsere ces eee cee cee cee ese! T 10F ‘T M C3g Se eeeeeesocenos peal peter eae eee se eesces Seber ecenseres *SSOST CSP ‘SZ CBP ‘S 649 928 feeee ee eecoeves seers ecoecesese eee ees seeneees tee vee eeseseens eee ype nceacery seo sorserrceaes Ceo veccaceceeey eee eeseueseeens see ceecereeeess see ees ceo cep ees eee ceeccosceres Ceo cecees severe Doe rescoosoonse Tg@ Bee crease reves eee ereese ees eee Be reeonec access seerenseeoveoes eee ereeeeesnees Se eeeeorencsees *SYSVO *palvy sleaeces “‘puryzaq moig 4 Ha ‘6 1&6 ‘3, Pewee weeeceeee #c8 ‘6 1¢6 ‘gt 68 9r9‘s | oy eee eae FG see veces ees eeece see eerereoeeesces deer cos ene eeeveaes eee eeeeceese ses | ee esessseesereres see ere vcarveces |e Pee erence seenes | osnensoseseveress wee cece ce seeeer |» ee ceeseseseseoese wee secesesecees |* see ere see seeses see ere eececcers see wee ec eee ose one seer ese ceeees [Hee Coe sreree sevens vee. Ceereppees |* 1Z eT 191° 6 r18 er 2IL‘S 9 2 perce ce? see eecers ers ase seer ea seerercesves se eeceeee wee vee see eee eee se eesneee F69 eee ee eee w es osenes eee rereesesees PTeTTEPErr ir Cour ir ei) “spoleeg 161 aie eae Bee eee cccsonee: &@ as eee rseeesconces ees bee cee ore ere see cee wee ce see eee eccuonesees deeeeeevescers: eeeecees eee veeeer cee cee Cee covoesaceess occ erees one cee epeepeesscorees eeerseseecosees 08 T see eeeses one vee O00 eee vee sesoes eee e reser soeess Soeeeeeeeceeses oh see eeeeoveseens "BINGSUOPSO WA.1} 810} Gg nee cease eereser 8T eee sees vevecece nee oescascsoens eee ove rccresces cerca tevoreres seeceeeeccerers eee coer aceeress eee cece eercoess *9 seoeesen 0€ +P seer eneeccvoens eeeeeevecccesne Ce eeceeseoonass eee eee ecesenee Pee tosesraccees 106 fe eens wee eeeees Cerro ever conser |susreseessosess S[Ivu JO sZeyz| ‘soypung "Syste "OIL YOST‘) HK 166 ‘b+ C61 ‘Gx 00T Ot eee ete ec enesses T eee eee eeececeee eee eereceoesees eee bese cpeceeee ere cee conecorce 9F Coeescesoeceres eoroerscdocsece ee eeesoceseuee GL ben coer oceseuee deer eesceencees 9T céT eee rece eseenes 0¢0 ‘9 020 ‘9 eeeeeeeveecesse weeoeeeeveenene ser eceeveccoces see eeececeeers~ 0s9 i Bee eee soeseees eeeeeeoroneeres see ees eseeeres Soo ‘SUOT, 068 016 ‘3 wee eee enor wness lapeee 068 018 ‘Z See reece orenene g 98 or sree ee sceses. |i wewnwnas ceeees Peewee se sceress|eaaaerrerseures Pe ees eee erece see ree encores ss eecane ee eeeresecbones ee mewerereveeee padre 4 re OS > 1 tT etecereeeeeeser Coens esecoocees a ae 609 6 Fee e ee eoeevonse seers ereeerer 83 i 29% 8 ¢ 16P‘T 1 681 &@ fener ee eenens ‘sooorg =| ‘sojpung *OIRMPAL TT ‘ponurjuogn—2ah ‘oynfing I pamares ‘pangusna suraous ‘hysadosd fo quamajnigy reesserenesenerres WOT ee eaertorsecesesecseeree epeuey sieteare sere ANTS) URSIN GCOS shel) 8 EQ) su rsiesesseaus sees iLe GOs EG ANY Oana esaensaceeceseeees BYSOUdYT seep ere reerereseasessens aUulONy streerewenececsesees* OTE MITTAL Oo ee tecenreceesoser urssoqoyug orernerepecceserers TCOSOL 49 aeepcceecceesd UdARE pur.y COOLEY 90 (2) (2 | IARI “AVG U9dI1H se evcceereseveseres *MBUTIOVIY CODER IIONOSUCEONS AAALETDY CoS UID 39 Peso ents Beene eee eRe eee u07Ud.I7, pee cece ar ccenaseensere 410.9 . soreees TVVBAQIXD ooeens see eeeeesveeeees OOIUOIN pee peronenoeessapeeeeee OproL ' sre A TTOUO. sm eseerer Coeseeees Aysupureg SOOO 9H} HN FY, pur uo int “ PURIAAZIO ssenesecorseoseosstIOTTTUIIO A. peaieesipieivs ses 8) TAIN YOVvlg feverevecseeoeord TOMB eeosceceerce ood UOSIPRIN wee eepeneweereneny enqryysy “ gneouuogy OL eeeeeeveseen ee ee eVuopooIvg ceseene ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 98 re Qt —_————_ 1% &L eeererlsesee reese |sereones gt 1% &L | —___- —_— Ce Cy PI ee ee eC ay @escoeeleesreerer|sereneeee|sceeerecesel|snvoeereses beweceel|ssseveece V4 eeceeeeleer eres elaossceesel|seeerecer{/eeiaeeenne @eeeveoleeetoeoseieeoee see weeesoelersetoeosioreevecs Se voeesl|eeeoeoose}sere veces Ci Ce Oe eC Oe ey eeeasoleoesroosslereeea08 @oecseslesereeeee|soe @eeseoleeeseevrelesreeoove @eeresleesececes|oeee ove seeceo|seteneoeeleeeeooee 8 G @eecancloesctevesl[esevsecve erecee seveceslesretvescei|eser®eovee 6 @oeceel|eoeseeessleoses oss elceoereees{[eseese onus e@seeseleeeseooos|soserese ct 8 83 Hie ecoe @evreeeveeve I ee ee ee ee Gredeee at ealcs’ Ae g *‘soxog| ‘s0001g | ‘ON *SOUITOR TN 968 606 769 ——$— eee ecco eeseoees eceeoege eecccee eee eeces ecccccce seer ccs eecceene eeceevee eceoeveee eeeseons eeeaecee seer ecee ecec eens ee seeee @oeselesesoese(seseovese|seeeenereve eeceeeocse T69 eeeecoeee eoceeoeeen eeoereeee eeee seco eeseecee eeeeceee eeeecacee were cese eeereceres *spoysng “He es —— S79 ‘SE | 660‘9 SPL '8 196% —__—_——— 686‘) as eevee es eer eleoe reese aee LL eee eee woes ee oeseovree eeeeeeuses ee cere cees eeeeer eer el|eoewreseee>s eeeeeeceoee eoeeercoes eeeocsescesl|seoneeseees 03. G6L 068 CGP 08 $18‘ ee eeee secs evoesescescel|eg een eneoee 99 eoseeeeoee epesceeeeeee se eoeeeeselegeceeeece g ee eereases See eeesl|eesseoeestseese ence eloceesnees|sceoesereerrl(seeeseesen eoeee eee2elseeeseecee eeoseeeeetl|eoeeee sere peers eeeeel/en sees acee Och ‘T. ee aeeeoeeels eoeeeeeses eeocesecee L¥P eeeccetereslecesee wove eeceeeeces eeereeceeecelsseeeeooenag eeeereeeee elses erereeee “sorpung ‘W SOS 889 ‘811 ‘TS 896 986 ‘88 ‘68 Ane Os Ker 169 “668 ‘> Bir 6Sh ee eos eee wee ee slao eee ees eseesese|sees seen 000 ‘901 : SC oC a cr) GPL ‘632 eee eee eee se eeos eres oe seeseceeseeeelonee sr ses eanee seers ewes avers vese ee eee e sees soe ecco ees wees eeee|sesnee eres eoese eo eee eo ees eee esl/seee eset wees =e es|eens eeee ues eoeesesee eo heerlen se ero ee esses ooei|seneresesoee 000 ‘FOL Soteoeeon 000 Z86 eee e ene nsce eoeoe reese he et ee or|sonseese ee eee een esc ones ae eeeee essere oees eceeee x9 eevee @ocoveooe even eceeloeee ose essee eesti |saneves+: seen e@oeFeecett sees cee teeoevese|seoveueee GPS '886 |S aden £20 (686 T Segoe Z6I (608 | eeeeceses PIL (896 '8 eoceceve 000'T22, Smoot 079 ‘CPT pen boa 718919 ‘T Scare Et 182 121 000 ‘Tg 096 'F08 000 ‘98 gon “049 Denies eg tas SPL PBL 000 ‘OTT 000 ‘S61 edotioanor Ht 000 ‘998 000 ‘086 GTP COP 000°T2 007 118, aSeCOs7 BIT 986 % P19 (169 (9 166 (191 °6 00 ‘06g 866 “O18 eoeeeeececeeceesteeee sees eses es ee|/seoreoeetoene ee veseseesveseeos eoee @eeaceseseevoee eeee eeceoeseceeovece se ceeoeessoene ee cer secs c eens ee veeeerceosee eoeveeeeess eave eeoeeeccoss ones eecsese eeceescee eceeoece eeoe eevee eseee orcs we eoeeaceseceeoe e@eoeceseeosneese: eeercceeseccs GPL ‘IST. e@eeeeees ove 96 eoseecee® eeee sess eee e *sp109 "490.7 "90,7 ‘on ‘poom “syyey | ‘sojsuryg “S104 OLSUITS |, a‘ourd pomeg| UTeId dus HPE9 TP8 ‘SZ T¥8‘°s 36 | 439 ce) 6 POP C96 cfetstieratere eeereeesoes|eeeenesee ee cereseoael|e ore eoee ee eeoceeecri|soeee eave ee ene sees eloeet ovens ee eseesesrs|oeve seve seecesoeerl|sere seen eve eee creel eeesesee ee eeeseoeoel|eeeseeee eeceeteeoesteeet Cove eecrveeccees}eeoeeooes 988 eoeveccee re en a eo veces esef[eceoasen eeeeesesesl[oeeoevece eeveoreers|sveeesen eave eceoeer(sseeseoeen eases eceorsl|esensoes ee ceeresos| soso veee ee -seeveeslscoaeves eecrsceeoee|seeee oC eoeceoreevesl(erere eee eseeseceessl|eeorer cose eoeeeeseceeeleosesceee eoovroeeeeelereeoeeee wpeecesroceeelseceeneeee ee eeseesert|esscoeee *‘so00Ig | ‘SUuOy, 1&6 ‘988 000 ‘OL “onDasedc noavaonogc OMO.CMG IGE Siete foravetalenr: eoeeee esos sditedo addr A btguosee Meieeros elles ag DaGOHODH pou ODOOC sadacoucde soounonoOn pogaonunde ,Oonudd00n preistererorertete etet elects areieie ROODO GOOG S apooodoude pfeaefeieierstetors aera eVexeteterens Reyerceiets tient prstererstokolerere ¢ 000 OT cb SUS0RO A ooaode soon doaan6 Go60 SodosobeaD anoaununeD mibiareislereretere jolcoadaen jodueonguE 1000 “Taquayy AeO . ‘op ‘solsulys ‘equin'y TI¢ ‘Tt TI¢ 'T. seesorsens Pe eeee soe sl|eoe vers nl|eeeeeoeeseser| se eeene CC i oC ed eevee ee cess cere ee eeere coe slesee sone eo. eeeeecece oeeeceoves eeeesecescoel|oeeevessises ee eecre sees eoeecee sacs 92 eoveeevesece LTL eeee ecee eeee *SO00IG “suo, SRT ie ee ce A Ne IEE DP Te Se sae ee OEE Oh nee) aay MOSM ORIN PR ai Ses EST 1¢6 ‘91e CECORICE aa SC] CIC ECE AC SCT 617 ‘199 abshsioxe ke isleoeVnetons 110 ‘108 Z9F ‘098 ee eens thereeeees epeueg eaee “AIO ues eee ew ew ne OSvdINO coe teow UBSIyNe AL steeeee @ySOMOSE Oe i en cc er ey ie a ry eeccleocer cer cecces Seas esesnns ss'ock« Sree eoccleccccccccens sinniecep Reieie ¢.0\* Oy SIN ARTRIAT eeceleres rece esos ceesceseens es pa hOMOlg eoveleccevees coes te sic e's 80's 2 ORO (OTe 000 ‘OFT. sete DOC 9 Cyr a purayg eeeclecece eee ccee “se ese*ssenuRisy IAABOg ee rlee ee ees c cans edie Siaie si sin Saisie MGS On ee oe eseses ABUL] seceseooes MBUIBES 1se8 Ousey2\Ohee TET 498 eeoseeesese u03}Ud.1y, sig P| dunce sine 8 were sp 6 aCe a. t.s.e, nals ne RTO ION crenlecneelceeces}tecs cs cowees oss mares 018 ‘99T sceieiele #80 @ 2892. GOTAOT Cle ‘es See eeee sree vases opeloy, Se ae | eipi8 seis) epeieseeisi tits ATI OUIO MW ee si seerees Kysnpueg “'“URII_ pus wo.ingy sere eee eo eseslosee Ce a a ay eeoe 119 ‘6T RICE) 2) 0 KH 2-4) (9 eoeslocerrscces sess pleneseiesecacie ks Aer OL]|[WtAo Ae eeecel|seereseesecs pe OER YUE E> Lhch (2 | eoeelore eee wre oaee sesaiersreieie.ieicie:8.P7ss80 iT O CRETE eseer coceeceses*H00Q UOSIPeHL eerste oe elnqelysy oeee = 200 oinie\ servicers ® SAT HO UOLS osee AEN I EOE EOC NG 1 | coeetloees SR 15 (0) RUT: f eee Hesig ie ocisie eisicisiee STONE eceelseee sere sere toeceeeecessQRI9 IOATIS eceelsceee cere eee es eeee eeccleee sees ecccleseeoere eoeeleceecess eeee weceleees eons 199 “qnU[vA FOV *5q10g ‘ponuiju0g—ah ‘opofng 3p panasas “psvaysva sunow ‘hjsadord Jo juauaywig COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. I AON creat mapper, SL 8% cFe‘T | 88¢ ce | s20‘9 | 118 ‘8st | 9 69 816 | 1F 069 ‘T | a9 | 69 Sh 199 2st —. ——_— ——._____ ———s —_—_—— Pere errr lar eres eres isceone ser tlesevese ee ee 9818's ee ee rr ee a) G eee ceescoasivne ee eweeeleece cece ec elenen se eses 8) 8 cF8‘T | 88g B8S $209 SSP TSE‘T | 9T 69 816 oP 069 ‘T #29 69 &P 1GG rash DICISICIOIOIOIO! IeiCiCICnCn ICIGIGICn ISIC iCiCIOnGiG! (Cicicr nC nCICnGn iiCiC ine ir ici) 6 898 ‘GLP siafstartislerel| (sieiaratslstene 6 Sfale tote terelies|(efaahiataievel pial JBI alecevaréreTeyal|isteve plete rene 29 p wT staal aioe level ere pee @eeeetoeaetisecanneeeeiseveseevnejieeet2eeoenvieneeeenens Soh 9F Cr oC 8 cee rete) ae 9 8 Diteneviatet elie] | sits/alslfayateres|(alareteTeielace:ltaterammacieneteieterer CARED PI R228 SA RICA beac CL €98 ‘98 Pere eee tle ewe recs |ssnewaeal( eres sers 98 83 eisb 6s ejele| suave 5 ose © 18 SA er Sires bones ie SERLLS 6) 6708) 818))|(61m16)816) 0.0] 8)1\e.e 0 0 0 ee 1us|(* ©1018) 8 #5616 |18:8 9.619) 058) i) 8 )|\e\B\el el esyere, Be! 6 8\i'e als, by ssece.s! lis tals ieseverote| ib Avei@ eja\s)|61a/ 010 6/a%eKe}|\0\6)e.e:0 010 010\8)|\elets eee e%6l|\s)s'e sieeve |iats sm eals aillaie eve Pee H wee H ee eee oes eioneseessetiseoeseeee (ttt eeesi|see sees eee sisne eevee ceersl|eenevees Pew m wee else eee e eee slaoes eres sl(one sovel|sereosns 8 wee me mee eee sie e se eeer[ aera eees|eoaneves| Pert eeesleeeseresee(sveseccsslscsersseel|sassccssleese td ee ee ee a SOPHO were ere soes[ooe ee eeoleoosessse [FFF heeenloe tere esesleseeeessseeelesrseeves pcb a ee bole ren de bealevcescerlelceoseeese - cies 00 s'e\s\|lo a ss 0 00 @ if eee ee seer von SUS ie ake) ojo) Pil (ele esis) e666 18 |p 6 vie 20 © sills vs ees als 00 8 06 8 6/40 6 viet 0.0.0:0)|0 06 8 Bes 0 cc eo} «0.0.5 0.0100 lie ccerg erbrsrs |\b bieve a pers || @ «40000 a) 8x0)|\6 @cend-mle ss bys: elle bias wie ie |lip ee» see | pee «eee . . H Seem mews ler ee eee saces oeee | mie (> [hese OS) S10 @1p<5))8)|/6) 818 \e8) 6) 6) 8)|/s\e 516 5) 0 e 6)| 6 €) 6166 66, 0)) 10 0010155056) 0) 6)|\0 e/e\e) evele e516 e/0||\0) ele: 0 8 61 8)|\aretelpietetere!|sele%® a we d\| 00 (siexpierera} ele 0) ete.) 6 S\s v:|\n ole le es: 4 0\| yp pp sv cellie yes 0s © Ulla » ne cs epee ca/|l!=)0)) Seite avalare) ele Core nee rl ase eee eeesianeeseest(seenvera [st t#F eseelseeeeeeseeisossceesecceslesesneeeel|g spe eeeslserebsasisetensesleseceveacsel(sobbece EM See ler ae ie: at RC ak NM Ios CC Be OL eater ebateterel| sta tecelaveietaiosellteieueter oveietel l(a cverevere lor cilteleve:eiwre is. 92 16) ‘LP CO Cn eee Oe 268 &9 Cee eb heerlen ee sees Yoi je eer ener veer 3 G6 Cote eesti sees seer elas eeesesisvessovel|sseesseeleseseeseeeleeseesessevs|eevevece Siovecenarerers)| ato) erbi ete ae pees aoa | a rere) ; 296 '¢ Senso leuslellrexetsfacanerteln rele) wore ncceleo nsec cces g eee eee live se aee t [feysleipieraerexslaveye OF 4 1ed'T | 39 1g 669 ‘P CORD be ease Ae 88 ve 96 co iad (Chin tae PURI Sees eee ele ees wee elaorn er scre |e eetorseleevesrevee PPO ‘FL. os . fe RN keh. Pye a!» SOR as 8T 698 PEL 62 5 / lee ee eres ele wesw eee i*** eave OL PLB 06 ooo eeene I 9 eeeeveee 8 OV aiie rays 18 2878) lel s)(e\-0.9/0)(8)|ieiniece ce elwhe'|ipielulalcinteiai|'s'e eiareiace Spe aieilh Hd L 01% 00g 1G. 61 T68 ‘OL PT. v TG aes | ee eee PD Cre |) eh eee SO &6 09T Cd Ce i ee ee Ce CC OC ed 960 ‘P ee we ewes LP o BiSioidite +0 ye'ce i} ) sm iterate fee %e Ke 10) |e sp ie eevee (bi! siereve ele enei|\u alts ersteimil(s/eiu) a) sis'el¥. ue ecevelicvatbrel arene . . . . . . . . . . . . « . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . ° . . « . . . . ° . . . io) on) Cece eres ewes ta neelraneccerlsccc gece [eres esasiesvesesene 009 ‘BI d ft) ee ene s eres 000 ‘8 . . . . . , . . . . nN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D a o 4 “A eeeneey SCC ee 90 ‘ST i ae ce Ce re g wee eewae G 52 Os es ne i i en i aera IL 0g G seer wees TS LOL 49 were resettle wen eeue Ig weer eene felt) 98 wee e ser el ene e cece OST. Se i ee ee Pebie cie od) ee ee? sipod|ee.0/sxaeleley| ele si skato's 06:0) |\eatw-olniniuiatcp) elelel|/slaleisis ppip'|tefaup pis jehe)eilieressiaGny a) aie I IZ BG weer ee sleaoescers > bee uneseses gL Rie sp¥o\s)|[u 'atalcbplwlis/ ell] (eheleveaele\a)¢,l{einreye\e o| viele «lie ve,e (0p! siaye) plwiare’|'p: p\pliiein iei|ieieiateneie eal] (+ efeie) elvis yai| (siete lane hiv 4 z me sees eee el[ eee s ee erloe reer n ese sisse sess er nee sisesereesiseoe sessile erseeeen( tore vesrtigsasnsesesesisesrvseceee ‘Boxog | ‘Sodryovg| ‘suog, | ‘spyy{ | ‘soxog | ‘sjormeg| ‘sjoysng | ‘soxog | ‘syseg | ‘sporaeg| "spoaieg| ‘soSeyorg ‘soxog | ‘syovg |*spo1img) ‘soxog | ‘loquinyy SU0zSTLO, “UPOTITIO OVO 0) “8120 *S]N.N “ORIPURTO.AO TY *SOULOTPOT *SORKO.UYVIN a ‘ponunu0g—ah ‘opnffng 10 paararas ‘pavaysna Suaou hjsadosd fo quauajnjgy steerer es erpog steers ces) enemED "eT URSITOIN woeereneee OSvOLYO eoreeewe UCSOYNV A theeeeee + eUso. o3T Tr eeeees se ouroeay sere e ees STMBATIAL “sss * ues £oqoyg ee oecoess dosor 4g “*"" TOARTT pur. “**SpURIS] LaAvOg soetess: eg Waaty sort eess MBUIMORP Sot or UN BUTS eR theese sees TTBIG 14g teeeeesees TURTLE Preeeeeees eqronage teeeesees renretqty sores eeees ommoyy rt sess reese Ongroy. tresses ss sarrommadif eC ee ey Aysnprueg URI pure uo.inyzy Trees es NUEBIOARIO “e* *TOL [LULA A "*" TOATY JORlIg eeee “erred TOUR iT “-"* YOO UosIpeyy soe eeees BmMgRIySy soe see? anBeUTON Peete teens orang see see's BIOTA Pere e ies O86 STENT: T7999" YORI AOATIC . . "B}10g ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 100 206 G06 Seer owes *s[olieg “s00% 686 ore eewee 686 oor Sut sees Se er “19qQ0I0N *saadvoyy “syoeg YER 9 1% F988 ‘SI #83 ‘SL eons e teens *.19 (010 NT sor} peoaprery, OFF IT 196 'T 660 ‘OT — ec a ed P&G eee eee ee weer sews Vor 96 GL eereeearee 002 ee eer eeeee Ge COLT meee “OPT ” 666 OSP 9 ae g0¢ 9a1% eee eee ee ee eee eee eens . ebeeereewes *s[OYsSng *§909R10g 928 ‘28 ie F18 ‘38 888 ‘F G13 ‘6 cl epee TI | Basel be tees eee Corer eb beoe *Ss[o.LIBg “LO g cL eeceeecs cL ‘spunog “£IQNOG (oe ee eee ee eee 676 961 6G) OT 4 as see we wwe seb ee eee eeeerebhae eoeeerne *s]o.LIRg *“SURAq put suog 06 I 68 eee eww ee eres ees eee eowee Seow eoae seer eww eee eo eee eee eco ee "IOS q 81 eree eens 81 a en ‘souvIg ee | nr he re te eye te et 960‘ 002 ‘T raat ee 002 ‘T 960‘ 5S eek Sica sal creck: iivo| Ae ea Ia aed oP eo eee ester eter ea ese rl eg eevee sone ***# wee ely, = Secgeisiligns as ow dane args aie einai eee eee tO ae 0am? a7 Oye lcs Bot eccgs eles teed eee: Tel Meas eee arian Pella Be Gerad lcoe ean (ate yas Gon al gene tek lac ‘SI[OW | ‘sexog | ‘seTpung ‘lodeg ‘penunu0g—ah ‘ommflng qo panacea. ‘promjsnea sumou ‘hjsodoad fo quowanig *s[o.Ieg RIOT rs 299) BNBUBO ** AUIQ URSYOITY «eee meee OSROIND sees UBZONN AA sr ress s BUSOUOST *QULovy ODINe AIL ursfoqgays "ss udasopr 4g ""*TAARH puvy **SpuURIsy 1dAvd oe sero Keg uaa. ” MVUDPVI “**MBUISeg “ARID “IS Fees ees QoqUady, sees qt00q Fe eeees ve TRAqUy "*** QOADOTY “++ + opaloL “"* “quo0ulel gy se eens ‘sYsnpurg cone “uv pur uo.iny “se eee *puelaad[p sess OTTO A, "oe" TOATY HOV ee ee wee *qlodarey ** yoo uosipryy cross OMaeIysSy 7s 22s anvaum0g Steerer gragy ** BUO;IIIe ‘o* yaryundg YIoly AdApig eens "S].10g ee 101 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 1g : 689 OL 906 & ee | 09 | LIE Oe i i ee ey i ere wees ee ee eeee Ce i ee i ee eee eee ee se ee ewe 002 oo. OS ee rer eee ee ee eee eee e ores er eeeers eset ewes W *saxog "gdABIS tet penn “Soe 166 eee ee ewe eee eee "qoreyg . . 8&8 C8P eer eacselece aes —_— CLES Ted 1OP cone C8P ra § eree!| OL wees anne I ae ee wa ee 102 Sree wwe ele mes eee ele ne oe een (esse ness leoeneens See twee elo eee eee elec eee creel eee seessleeersvne Sere eee e lor oe ce sslor ere eseeel|seesvae sewer wnee eee eee ee I eee ree meee lere essere lecss eves See werceloeee ree elerrvgeoees|erervoe eee ce eees ‘soxog | ‘sexog “suo, "deog ‘euT1019 *pesg ee ese eves TIC ReGus | 9182 L 069 see ee le wees eh 8 pees eeeel gece eo ree er eeeele ese reer loosen ae teoreecertereoeseel|e ere eo eeee rose eees|oeo gee ae oe ZIT aveverchtoverenel fe ation ah canner Oc es cae. sa Or atrmsat Neneh [asco ‘sojpung | ‘suoy, ‘guTys-doeyg 918 ‘8ST *TOqUIN Ny 8 97 [aa ‘dooyg en weg ee rey earl ewww ww ww lowe ewes eeoleese ewer ge eee *spolieg “‘snpermyeg "SOx g elewe oleee ee oe ‘sjoysng | ‘soseyord ‘OAT ‘adoy 906 ‘ST "| 868 °8 eee woes 06 ere eeee eee weee yi felch wee w eee iat "| 009% | peg eee e eee ‘ponunu0g—7 ‘oping 7p paniaaat “pavaysna Bunaout ‘Ajytadowd fo peamaqnig eevee eee “-TRIOg, eeeerees engueg * AYO Westyorpy ee eege OSROTYD "TB SOHN AL ses" Bysouay terres Quroeay 7) AD NRATOAL *** uvsfoqoyg “+ 8yd.sop 4g "UdARTT PUB. “Spurs, loavog sere Avg used “** MBUINOVIT ereee *MBULSCG “BIO “99 “'* TOIUAaAY, EERO CRCEY (| reeees reqTRAQI see ee QoOTY trees? ONOOT Dees e ees atouIaty crt eaeee *Aysnpurg UCI; PUL UO.IN;T esses DURTOARTO sees TOTTI A. sees TOATY POC soos sq rodirey “OOM MOST) RIT sess BIMNGryYysy soos sanRouUo0D sees e et eee orig "oo" BUONO easee seeee esse saryUNg “'°* JIAO AATIG *B}10g ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 102 HI 9It —— | | SOT 9Tt wee tle eee wees Ce eC . Pe ee eoweseelerer rene eae ene z ee enerere Cee Ce Pewee rlee reer oeiseres Cee ee Pe eee ee ee esters [ee eeseves Pere ee Pee ee Pe ee ee rs eeresels ere eeesioeree sersesl gy Pee eeoeere ahi Pere ee sereeel pg eeeenelerseseanle porsesl|eeeeoaeelee see eo eeeele res eoeerelsseeeesan eoreerlere ee eerleossseeee Pe ee ee . . Pee eC er *sSVO]| “Soxog | ‘sosvyoeg "OUT AL "OTe AA ‘SUOL, 68 OL SIL 612 LIB 8I oa8 LIFT 99 69 CEP ‘S $66 ‘9 S18 EEE SS ETA: eerereor-eowe ee seer ebosieeee eee el see e vere eer ere e eee tionee Fl eeere ee estes eeeeee eelewmeeeeseelee ee esos ee eee er eeheeowrl ese beee bone 19 ec a ap nade gt UL Oc] 68 |_ oF eit 616 116 st 68 LPT. 99 a9 Ber % Wives oe ‘ wee eee eee ele reece lier ree lee eee ee lee scene ennlee car eesl aces sees ler ere erealeeseeeselserrrsees 9% z heroics ic.asnters ve[eeserreres A ueSIUOI eleecr ncn ccuccleeersene wa 5) PP there eeee £Z 98 ates tonie’ © cepenecs P18 FOP ‘T lejSiegsis ase age #,0)|(meiee e's eccecre "s+" OStOINO Sew mw ww ee eee ewe elem ee weer lowe wm deme lee bbe we eaeslaeee tes |e ern eeeel[es eee aeesi(seeenveesleeersereslastsaeenae VAL Jeecscescecs . ieee Sig pias Sickel U Salts AA: slecccweeceveri(ecevosns i} Be) a).0) 0/0 cei | faim w) ped) al ole wi (e)||/wifel elie) e!m 018] |arel elt ve) pis! |(siecs/n) els! siaidiel|ib else ners \|\s\ «vole 5/0 (6 Sie ale/e:t «6 ee il we a or Paige eeeeces LeSee SSL S So eS ONS Sy Cebus fl Be! oe 2h) 60 CS OA DCM Mat Ak EA Mia sh fl Bia a ie tag StS AAA ecee OL ee ee ee ry Cs Be ee ee ee 28 PP a latinialeietetatelieral Paes anole ve es Ss eee CE OMIOR Sy PG APE AOAC EDGAR Meas le 1) acy rr et) gall Re aera eee Read kk Sa ORF ainieiers a eieitauatecy sjeisic pier eek Site OANTLIAT cece Aly caigere Cave | lo CeO So nneumiony | behran stuck ors g bietaiete esece COL secre ee eeeeleererreseses ss RsKOGayg OE SS ak Ie SI ean es 02 CESARE Nes ct a eer ba eR eC a Sint etdiase ee ee et **s ydosor 49 ere ere ae een vaiciornsee emmmermetiel| YN, a Cea am ic teee eg | ee ee Soe SD CO ee eae Sea MOAR] PUBL ee oe a ime 9 ee a fa ie eee es ake al ho mauler wie eens seahorses ere re) arab vetbisiedekadtere| | ardiedalecacase spurs] 1oavog SAE a rsealh vice Sane Wea ot CEE eee cl eee Sele cone es eer ac Sen ewe dG Seas oo SAL seca nore es 2 CRT ee Se NY Steet oo. eli is ke onesie Ser ty ere ela wea tte tlore ete eeles ewes eeerisereneeevieserucesiseresr snes re GTA aie vere cevecee,|\@ehsiele - auwiele “ 9) MBUDOR]L Bete es ae ee amet eee RRR ot te pe a ee al eee ge ed denne reseess rs AeUTseg Lele A SRE S Rigen oe ee- hc 2c Senn iets ‘SAL se eees Cen ee eee Ce ee es g SHOP CIMCON! (tate 0 101123) UTS : ; Cie a ete eele wane eeoleseree sere] coacvesecel|eeeeeverlenesescesel(ereseestereolesseotsesese SOTO ACPO. repay eye y OSG ei i ee 1" Gs See S| See Far ee C 2 UIORCE fro. Clim ABCMCATECE feyscnc emer i Gl lear hgrch ey aca 02 Bib iiaT SOs, 6 vie Ter‘ wiencceccoan [scot erercessenecmargmogy een | cea ee eeoaou ther} eeee ee ee eoreer er eee ttieawneeeees et} eee ee eee J Pees eeedsasviecvecseeeseosee SS SIS SS SS Sie! SCT RATES EC wo erect te elesevereel(oe cere see sleerv esse (sees essslsereesesends 28 sis slelsiejsiejesasiiecrece choles s.*8 <8 SOOT Fae male rsdieh (eels. stl RCI Bcc eel gees leek a eee i @ 86) CATE PaaS ie a Se AR OSE ES ie a ae ce pei co os vipiee|(0ie 0/8 sere «' *)0° RT OTSOIMT aide hi ir Ga Roi NOs . aYer | tatrentual shine otattel (erareierekel'stel| teuelPraratesninil(etatelecece:eleiehs a iadPoige tater lleievenaties sto¥sy | (oPaxskesieneieieke Gee ww | eeees alatelomiale |/eje/ele «stag ie,ste.eiarele yAryUNng®§ emer eee sc ees iste ts oeoevisesesnor/seeeeessl|seeeseesesiseeses eeleer ews eserleon eee asesc(eeeerrse|eeereserisesreesenesiosn see o9/0:0\0 |\e\e/e/eie4.c.0(0\0\6 6 ree Seen ens! SDI IOATIC ‘om ‘saxoqd) , ‘soseyorg FEIeD “s].10g ‘soxog 'S[aLivg)| ‘soxog |"sjalieg | ‘sjolieg |‘sjotieg|‘soxog | ‘spyy | ‘Soxog | ‘s}soyp | “spo1eg ‘Sultaous, | ysiurea) ‘odéy, | ‘odtty, | ‘sondaoy, “00008 QO, ULL, "COL, "MOT[V, | ‘SeAtpung | ‘syjoq oavqg -penuyuog—2h ‘opnfing 1 pana. ‘panmispa omaou ‘hpsadord Jo quawaqnig 103 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. "497997709 ‘WOHOLAM “WAA | 000 ‘F 88 000 ‘23 | 006 ‘T 000 ‘F ese e sees eres ecees eee eee ae eee recone eoeceses eres ceee ecscee "S90TIOT 8& . ° ° ° ° . ° . e ° . ° e ° ° . "89 091g 000 ‘2% 022 ‘T *soq0dg * eee ec eee peter eones eee eee esse “Sqn *SPOOM TOS AA ‘ponurju0g—af ‘oping w paaraaas ‘pannjsna Sunou ‘hysadord fo quawanig 661 ‘G8 B61 ‘G8 eee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee ewes "19q00N NI Bi eece seen SIV “9293 WW eae soccer e *B.ICO OSPF ‘T OSPF ‘T eee er ecee scone! eere creer cece eeee eee ee eee seer eceeeoece *1OquINn yy | “190M jy ‘soyldspueyy ‘Syoo]q ,SIoLLNng *BIINJOLINULUT POO AA L Bel ‘Ss Be 16 ee eee ‘solpung —eeo eee 681 ‘8 | 188 |S eoreeeeee F6E 188 |76 eee e er eeolece ewer *soxog "GERI “6T Auonigag ‘omwaang ‘asnoyy-worsag | ¥06 Hr Kea a i=) i=) nN “sole "SO[STZAV £apung [OOM ee cree eae C92 ‘TT peeees PAS poe os “s[O.Lleg C9) ‘TL “LOMITA 018 ‘0¢0 ‘F C9 ‘TOT GC9 ‘8F6 ‘S 218 ‘96 864 ‘C18 LEP 28 ¥68 C6 G06 ‘FOL _ 80988 FES (06 912 08 ae ae £99 ‘89 F9G 208 $06 'TP 622 619 BBL (19% SOP 1819 619 8% 009 pert ween “s[oqsng *POOU AM. 5s Og, "+25: epeurg “AUO URSIN ee eee wees OSvolyO “* "TR SOyNe A tees se eUsOayy s eee ouoey "7" * OLYNVATTAL cover ““ursfoqoyg “s,ydosor “yg ““USARTT purty **"“SpuRsy loAvog sr ceces KV WI81H "7° MBUTHORL eceee “MBUIDEO Fereeeessarelg “4g ss" * TOJUIAT, sess arog "ore qTB.qLy "e's QO01NOT * +555 © oparog, * *-quomaag “o's Aysnpurg UP] pure von tHe DHBTADIO Poo 8ee TOTTTONLa A, **s'JQAIY HOVI eee ene p.LOd IIR “***00q UOSIpeyl soe ees emae YS¥ +++*2+*sangauuog Deer ee en ees gram sore "* BLOpOIeg ane etna G see WAIN IOATIG eee cece see eoee coee "S]10g 104 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement showing the estimated value of each aggregate of the several arti- cles recciwed at each of the several ports in the district of Buffalo Creek coastwise and from Canada, and total values of all, for the year ending the 31st December, 1851. RECEIVED AT BUFFALO. Quantities. Articles. Packages. Pounds. AShES ... oye 0e cise A Stage eae 13,721 casks ..... eee 6,860,500 Pa Bae lees a" a! Shai ai G 62 barrels....... 18, 600 wo ds JAB GER BE BASE PRr ae 39 dozen bottles. . 720 AORN SS trey dws © o's 2)o'shaja-p/alee cw TOONCASES( cis mone oi 284,040 Barley ...-2e.eeeceecccesecceee 166,188 bushels..... ae 7,977,024 PR ele laine = ale aie aisles cee wicine =u 54,414 barrels ....... 17,412,480 ie ree aie wefoie ania wiles Ae. onieiejoiale 6 222 tierces ....... 2,488 , 800 Sa 94 SBA CRIRE ia oases ris tenia 356 casks ......6. 178, UU0 TRE A BARS aeede Se coa ope arc 129 packages..... 12,900 Bacon and hams: 66 2556 56 ees es Do OO KES oie selele 70, 800 Bacon and hams... 2.0 s0 us wees 4,215 barrels ....... 1,348,800 Bacomand hams. 2). << asses =< 1,192 Lierces 2.10. si<.2 716,800 Bacon and hams. .......0s0s+ee 3,540 casks........ 1,770,000 Bacon and hams......... deiaiete cia 95 hogsheads... 66, 5U0 Bacon and hams.........e0e0: 1,284; tons ......... 2,568 , 500 BSGCSWIARE.S cejiale fo sie loic’aoslswidvis'ete o & 257 barrels ....... 38,550 WEASSANip 5) = ass alee) olsie cue wale == 9 casksnis. 5. ss 2,700 LSS 2.6 SG asa esiboeeeo oud Be WOKE» je wiale eve 3,200 LL COIUILS aR Ong aS eis ie 2 280 dozen:....\. 4.2 22,800 BSG BOUW of s/eje eels cite «cs 2'= 2 5,238 bales... «.-. 1,047, 600 FrpOm COMM. 6 aie co's dab 0s wae < ot 16,500 USSR 4 SAE: SER OFA Sadipee Onan 340 boxes....- cee 102,000 Boots and shoes. 60. esc es B4 bOxES Weise ose 5,040 Pe E SS etc cre )ejce eet a Siete oldie e's 7 barrels... -)< 2,100 PAH et ete erieye Se Sew wieleses Sse 6 = 19,251 kegs ........-. 1,925,100 EES aie ey I ee Ons Or 1,229 firkins....... 122,900 USP ab a She 5 PRS S85 Ase 1,156 barrels ....... 289 , 090 PIELER oe sie i ticlestya' ale mia waisere.e oie 1S casks... <.0.is raisin plinhebe eae : 7 CUBES eislnae «« 11,400 RMN seam eden iets nie. eteiginiiatui ante 'eslatan' 2 17 JOOS tons gee as a0 34,018,000 COMBGH edie bis s perelsiccieis b'ssns silos 540 barrels .. 2... nes ecto beeiS eee CORDES ci iiss voiin nein > aes’ bale gre DASE LONG tic mate eX ole shane se bates COBDEL... + vsisecepivetnininniacnieb'e 15 masses ...+00- 1,311,500 weve PN er Pye we = -— Value. 991,550 388 16,569 116,332 521,894 645 1,480 162,300 21,306 1,710 8,550 858 1,042 346,256 252 2,850 68,036 266,700 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 105 RECEIVED AT BUFFALO—Continued. I Quantities. Articles. Value Packages. Pounds. GRRE awe < sa cieviccee cence s BS sacks. see's oo ve « 5,300 $530 Corn. coe eereccccccrescccececes 5,938,746 bushels........ 332,469,776 2,672,436 Corn meal......ceeeseeecoecees 2,929 barrels........ 632,664 5,858 Cotton... cece e eee ecee cn eeees "StU baleseh sos, « sea 139 , 500 13,950 CeaABOTrICS. «5 ine oo ee ee ene es 1 Ate Garces. 5 <.0)--\ 198,380 8,502 Deer skins....... PP a le ook wie *930 aAlESeS chow el ne 130,200 | 46,500 Earthenware ......-eeeceeeeeees PSG Gets open iels'so lols ystevon wieteiorsia 6/0, Earthenware ........-sseeesees 3 barrels ......«: asi ob rakes a Sula ih 8,136 SMA TINGCLEE cio 5. ccc. sio sc en'o 0 os 1G. crates os ws cae cs 81,600 EGgS. cee eee e rece c etre ee eceens 11,432 barrels........ 15,600, 486 91,456 a. pape eee Sy SSP SACS opehain a |ni*! 166, 800 66,720 en ob GCP CAB AARC OROICIO ILIA eRe iif 057 TOUS etree aheletele 10,570 528 ROR ei Nats ais 6 oe aiee os oes | 9/981 barrels......-. 2,994,300 59, 886 | CSE Tae Ae eee SOM CIR Ss ticleneas 5 as 164, 000 246 lax Agi) MENA .2,< 25 <6 s's 2 22-2 0's 0) DAUM Dalene nis «aiexs'she 1,337,950 44,478 Flaxseed .. 2... ee eee eecceee SiS, arr aia ee eel aba i ee eee hry sle Seni ac sie ac Siece’s ease: 133e sacks, fotos... pe agent” guiness 21,609 Pg cesar! BS Oe ee 185 (eharrels ss. .s > -'- | 648 , 920 PRIME ete ialoiwicsicivie's a cine oe ore ones 12165603 barrels <5. 3... G2 786, 948 4,258,110 Fruit, PTEeN.. . .- cece cece cece 2,108 barrels ........ 210, 800 2,108 Fruit, dried. ....+..e esse seer eee OSs bamels ae ss. seit sso senate ] Fruit, dried Bis) Se) See) @) 60 6 we 0 0.06) 8 0 ¢ 908 boxes sielelelal alte) e\'s|\s) eter! es) eis) e)/alias} sleje es 14 711 Fruit, dried... ......-seesseeees Pop asteees cola o:3 o/s le cass avacorsie seater: i 2 MRIEEIP MD Ness wes ees sss os oe SOS) SACKS: 2)5: « slanainiainads a's By AUS LG ies ee e210 we claviaiele a) Blt cinta) sis) s's wh seamen ye mops PaBOU a DOME tel aleie'e alo claie clesleaissps'e'0ie:s | ON 2 ee eer re "540 GAAS atdie sd sia choletewlerss amiss a o.0/ 0-0 301 , 436 We i ee 197 bundles ........ 15,412,260 % 106 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON RECEIVED AT BUFFALO—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value. Packages. Pounds TATE Se cc vi g's wo pare etelcciors eee cie sterols BOI KEMS «wc ee'e eta 395, 100 $15,804 Taate oc 2 cence cscs ecw renscesen QS 4 DATLEIS . « sit] miata arene ieee Aphis. BST oe c)aicieieicafeln nie onto ois ine Sle, e's DP AS2 Gasks .. si |= Sova cw bigs ea 282,156 Et peat Se Aid eee ea eb Siete OF Sl EUS cs . 3 ie. 2. Dreiser etctcraie’s © 18 barrels......-. _ULEE LD a5 2 So Sassi rane OA Danrelsirs cl. 0 « 69, 440 3,255 EEE PAS a5 56 wicca wa, 8 meres “ic PLO barrels: X. ec8 2 70,080 3,285 OTT oa ee 113 boxes se 5.7. /ei: 11,300 1,917 Wares 55255 eee eet eictera ete 10, barrels. ..'. 4,000 300 RAE ai eas cele asc os fos cle s BO ORES is «aise, 7,800 780 Eo USEABLE See Pe HOMIS fa bi ax6 Ge.0J6 2 wee Rtas ier is ow ove.e'e ¥'e 107" packages..... ee sete! LE SMSC Sr TPG YDOXER Se) 6 0c Fs x bee ee ae Ye edie Jo. ss eet pbs hay ema c c's ss oe eo = 4,050,310 bushels...... 240,018,600 2,835,217 Sn se cc ole eleics'e’s 62.336" bales so... & b OFA S (DTS Oe 3 ABZ 4008S 001.060 Ne ae (iiseden ware... 2.2. 2.0.02 ees 3,926 packages..... 473,050 14,104 Bemerers blGcics, 4... ce ee dues s Sere iekeschevesiowicc oa 33 ,000 825 RBEEIIIER ta 60s olny seve seas oa & ile roll heed 6 SS Apes 14,800 177 SR MEEMMEEE ER ta eet cis ec a's 6 me's «o'e AD TONG... ois se 6 i re hae a acess ATS: OW! feet.) 3/5823 2,346,520 63,840 2 Loo er SOMO Re Mec wisckes soe Mra WOSKS 6. oO. 5 woe eos 21,200 PIECES, ws. «'s »\< TAG, 152 1,637 Total pounds...;.... hele Niet oy Agia seepee 1, 462,923,246 | 31,889,951 ees Ge 2000 pounds). 51.5. lee times 0,5 eveid.e © elena 731, 461.1246 | Sones a: o- | RECEIVED AT DUNKIRK. : | RE le aia wise shim se hel cidlsiatas ees PET CASKS weseveleis le 91,850 | 3,638 Ale' eeeeecereeeeeese ese eervrerv ee ese siz2eesesevesee2e2R2 2702268828202 8 t2laoe eee tevoeesesvnesvssiee & ee eseeeos So te PO ot als ahs) Stak cyl LS) 2. ate be. ot ae ba al nn '0 ware eyosa|” os aie werele dveveie%e ee FARRAR pss - Bh Oe ear misteatalticresavehssieseraieieieter ere | Sea avenetelate eis PER ol nla Aes ea iste ie So dies 8 RA Rete a elas epi 00:0" shacrslahslagalc; ein sterie) elo sian are 7alls: eine oi aeabeialais Beirne sch Gees Stee bs ee 9.993 barrels | “Saline sera ena BET creer oe lh Seo ae oo | SERRBRE GE ceo uc RRS DO 8 SAY Pa oe a AP OP Seer and hamid. 3 elec ls 255s veo ) ts und hans. 3 tvedeutess vee | “itbyaaae Bacon and hams. sccsceccecli|f 983 berrelass 02. iaeabenres Bacov-and hams: : i. fess dese | 2 casks +--+... Maeom-and-hams. : 3.33306) 3528 ¢ J BRC OWAB Oe on ula Se s0's's 6 wee SS or 3. es ee seansipelad # barrels. «:s oss 600 126 Beeswax eee aseoreeoeesere . O8 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON RECEIVED AT DUNKIRK—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value. Packages. Pounds. MB ERPITIAS,. «(5 0), oe valeiaionseetmsalea ia clapelwicle ae Sacre ean wise ieye'e’d lebete wile, 0.0m love vate MSE eae o ioret Pfomtcorn ogee dg: MORNE #2) 40,000) $2,400 TROD ccc en oe tation te LG DOES oasis eee 3,200 400 Boosts and SHOES. asks cic o evs oom 2 A PORES «oss oc 200 - 160 PAGER Sa po:a'c nto t eid ola sih we 0's e 6 tle uo eS eo gee c ablone eialien she’ b SiR ae ete Sencar eae eee whe SIGE eee eects gk cw ohne ees \ AREA oes. cies ahs NS we ow te aah Be eh id cos sins Be bs 9 ie eas e es 639,800 63,700 WOMB ee ota Ghote toc a Sila he evauoieh tere 06 barrels.....-. EOL EEN A NSS BR eR ES | j Beer-pumps..........2+.+2--66- Sa eo ose Giesteiale woate jae c's Slave ia eer at Sane aes a aageeiens ‘ PAAR OOTEIES. cickere els iein, clon swiss ask Sly ciate clots rneiae aateue len nfo Vere Ln we deo Cu gis ale een en PTE DINC Hs ciate me delsin ie w'0ib is olare Oo eb 30000... oon < oreo Se 120,000 150 NEMON a, og Lina lele eo alsipten aisle aldlne tl ccc oo Nithe sie oferaie o's ise « + 5|ee 6 aiahee ie en a stag BREWER Lia onc mole Glave pm wre bmi aa Lek Societe cm apeettolie pe eleva «dla (e ee eu eit Ne eee ae WSOHES ini 30's o: hie laie Meals bbe F's Bl ic: Ces ee cS ee ee Sicles bone, 4:6 liie's <)ale eee nee oe ARIS 1a nwo ands tekatgai he = 0m Went bo koh lene ule ileneloie b'ete huh ign cellcee oie el meee etetea aera 1 Tae ies PBIB ee: Sols ewe diab Ga wel din eB AL. Go's bo ale cee ae eemetiene senate clone oe ee ae |, ate eae aM BRP a sts teeta bos olip.esoim wik''w.o alld es sees g manner eamaeaae Genin) = Sie ate) at Sheets ene [eset aie BPEAMWO bce noe age Seyass obese: a s 9 w)dlara s dred 4 ce.) ep Siobes cin ewes e alk ater sloiei sie eS Penis eA ee ere Pema OIEODES: s/sae von cscs cer clihe PR bales sci cre sere 1,100 550 EE SSR A, 4 as A ite ee 6 GORES. .'s ‘o's eee 240 48 MECHA 7.) «6 ib es Blaca ve: adn sie, ea | 3 rolls.n.. cess 90 99 MOISE. sony is lana a.) 0.0.04 eure a on ok tole e's) elicien 2,100 150 Cedar ‘posts viniin @awloloib\e mn, oe me)'s, a> ele o) > ele es noise s we tefee o-p\s oe) «| ofa’ s/s) a\tmllsisi sli allel sta) ate ie Ke sions ROCA AR OSES.) 0 or: eyealsnys soles uwle 6 Ale bole b toa bbe eels de ale Snes kee Le hele eee eee eatevatiel wis eichohovaiatete aoc at wo cncuatale eo les dead ciate siete ee yerers seal > ear ne Ree Ramee se oasis TESTS RY AT Ok a lt Const A SG SN CARER LO ein eae 204, 160 20,392 RIESE We eae al eR oe oe ,) arr Shee ‘ OTS, GRU TARP TA AD el pe eam TU bavrels secl6 ies 3,300 33 OTE eae ac wis ig b sehicia'e ae zee sult ole lal Ghd Sie oe Paiaue ibe nics abslec.s ee tGre eae eee Sac a aes “TENN AY Ae ey bare aeeanet We 186 TONS ya sf eis sre 1,532,000 3,064 MU DBBEENS pac evinicrate voee ob 3 wow evncole 6 hance Ce Ng Oe a SO ae 4,000 2,800 (CTT, CCE A RR tt UC GEES 25a “AI Sachs as lane nM Ro Ra RiiSaele Kal eve an 100 10 Se A BA A ee a 4,697 bushels...... 263,032 2,113 Soraaarmens sic Putian, 6 barrels Je sise<). il. "096 | 12 tates he ok cw oA cee EE cians vec lel aie. 0: clo ay al ehsllale ae ec ACYAMIDETFIES 5 pa cig Shs Re icnteh whee 545) barrels os seston 87, 206 3,230 WD Ger SIME aie ek eget ek ess Di elastcs wiaareiets "980 100 HATEMENMWANE {cick 24.4. sik hegbicic DI GASKS ccm pele tas fe Earthenware ........ Re etd hae BR ®) crates. . os «ak 1,400 132 POATPBET WATE 625% cide scie a aos oles Me VMRel ctaiein dieters LEV 2 ES Oa ae et me eT om 1,203 barrels.. 192, 480 9,624 RENTON oie cir ke ee ery Ne "118 sacks . a 5,900 2,360 oN eae wok Cacis wee ale c.oidie Sele AMIS BAR Mee wiollo siete aleals «0, ainlgiieeieaieta eta in Serer Shek. ih es ” 618 barrels... ; 185, 400 3,708 MMRTNETEL fo ss Ae as po statue seca ismvaleue gre ce JN isleha eORNaeS Uae ln ieevadialisus seta welche einen le algs Que po dee pa PARSER DOM ¢..\05 0s pivipinnee's ahalnia ce’ eat mtotaRoneaneral ores tae tis ole b ule ae a0 0.6 0 See Rie see ee ee 85 ect te ae teitcide win We aks Es MMI oi 2d ase Siena aniae iene a x 422 ‘iar He Reerep a te 42,200 1,055 OAM hs kipieve ue pe ai5)5\ snc psijacis susie see «See 61,735 barrels ......-- 13,334,769 216,072 PSA, GCOM. a sive io ay 0 disse oike ede 136 barrels.. : 21,760 136 Fruit, Pe bicciis eh es asc. cw sip a colo eG wrelv eh Cistel Stistiabee Cetin be 6 Sunlalia we, 8 eles te eine te inte aman et ns Fruit, Re a oS ole och a cle win tns Wiel Cle MNID oteib he wie ime felisie iets, uretMielton te ae tein e kinmni een ns Fruit, GUI BEL ci iacho beh iainos ee: wise lew eTinte Gale, SUN a al eutatel ee i@s le eietelanets da ooh ete. ole! Ble Sata «arid Fe aE bs AGIEd «sb Weaysioeen lacey & ols oitleia sks eh alee wee he reinle'k' Seles 4 aieace. nie SEES | + i ala ol me COLGNIAL AND LAKE TRADE. hi 109 RECEIVED AT DUNKIRK—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value. Packages. Pounds. ee re Furniture......... -| Soe ES 166 packages..... 32, 200 $2, 200 7 oe OES 34 pack......+.- 3,400 3, 400 2 Se Sene ane Ginseng......... scat hoesotael de 2 harrelses. sere 380 32 26 boxes Ser es 1,309 ae REINER a at oc tcc cw lsteicee © pss ecg 24 Seen ITE! laclacce a's bce ee es et if See SSR So Se ee J 158 packages ..... 9, 480 1,738 a RD SR es MSR INTC SHOTS cic aco icus ocr ce ee erecece.e Me ce cocci ial Go oT toate Pot ot p 173,670 8,238 High wines .............+0s.0+- ABS) CaSKS:. a2 2 less 173,890 4,857 HOgs 2.0.22 eee eee er eee etree ces PER TAS i cletaie awe oleae 1,474,300 95, 829 Heeeed eatile\ 2 s0.2.....2--0. fet ce | 873,000 43, 650 L202 aS ER oe eee DUONG hshare's odie 44 223,200 16,740 TABS oe clas = Faint am © aio s 6 os 5 mls wine 0 sen oeis coves ses eue se bis evans ¢ aheten Ae lorels stereo eee Horns and hoofs. ........000004: Grease i ee i 3,600 96 Ba ware <2 on). la os e's’ Sere i= ete RGGAES ele hee .e wine ao os.c es eo PRUNUDRE Sparse oS o a'oe bales ae om ia) 7 packages ..... | 1,319 224 coo ese sce se oe o8@ ee ee renee eerisa re eseeose Fs ee eer eesi/s ©eoseeeseses 1,269 barrels........)) POMS so ate lalentole Le TLE ee ct a elelicttela| telat a lense) itadareiale alata eles aes Pe Lo ee WGP ROS: 2 oc e cso | Pook oboe Je oe ee DS DOKES os ss saree Sie ee ITIL co Siete cl ior dnlecid Date eee obs ee scese ete eat eases = Soe 2 Skt) ee eka oe) 6 Gdevoia’e do be,0'ee eye Tia ee aCe ELE. sa) s ede SAtE|S Se-0) occ ec c die eole coe wes ee fe rire la ak a a | Cres ota tae «it howe 3 053.20 60,000 feet.......... 3,000,000 8,400 eceeoees ee esee ee sic ee ee eene eee lee@oeeesesee sees eceve}/s eo oere sere eee este eceeeesex ce sevisoeeeoss eee ee eo SUL RR ae Se: bea ee TORRID 5. 5 ssa erating BS oxic S2 5000 Tester. ssc mt Shingle bells...... aie oie Mer -Veul Na ey ve steal veers Pla 'a(inis-eSrancieie'e 6 US: CA een ae eon oe 245,000 pieces. . 0... .°. Ee aN Seem Mme e Re fests helices eves Fama 2s Shs Se eee ei okt ak Shh uk Wipemremren St ss rs Lede CoRR RY ee*@eeceexree seo eeeose sic eee eeoreeeen @ eaooeos esti eerseeoeeosiceo se ees ew enese seecen eee eee eee aes soe eee eee 9,500 950 Widest i oostsgeeaees Machines......, ai tha itp anc Ra 110 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON RECEIVED AT DUNKIRK—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value. Packages. Pounds. Mattresses.....e.. secre ee eceane Budi cnet ean espa Seis 2 of eee eee Re oe WWipRebandise! J. s/evomies eur oe jeieiel oie = k WMecehatidise. 6os:s acter eicae oe Ge 1,073 packages ..... 242,600 $56,450 Merchandise |. 20502066 ness oie: 14 tons....... Ji IVIEGIGIINES %cchelatstecretencis, see oe eles 4 packages Pad 900 48 WHI Roe. OFS OOS es One mCeron MNNTAS Wye Sietajictes Bisleretecie laisse anile eiclace 9 barrels... . sce. 1,500 OH | MMS fot f5 ola aroha slmninsciejeless «i 6~ ois 6 l= SR SOR IOLA Be SAN ABR BRAG ae 634 bushels....... 20, 288 190 ee ee 66,600] 5,550 Mil-elotl <2 = telsie sis o ss 0 a'3 a5 NG MGRES! i650 Fete vie 4,500 900 RO ACG ia 55) olla) os (arin 6, sy ep, si ohn oaaiialetals ic hie vorcei snare Sood roksdns sees SSSA yo s8e 25055 2- oa as a wale Oil-cake.....0..-eeeueee Bond nike aoruade BRE OMEN S AA BAGS iy 's2 Beat Iai es ae ate Oil-StoNes .... eer ee cee eer eesliccccerace oO Soe ee See o/c we/ateieceue ei eter se nccenece Prati (ClA,)

SeHcus Ssucbsce+% poe okon aeeiee 2,000 300 ZS Eo SAG e Sea bb esac oe sae =: EOD re ole peisialoke Haha 2,000 12 Merc euttel DEANS <6 Ei. lo7Siac'cseie aves wate lau ore eels G aicles lore mie a ee:injelle )» Sie. 6 ehely baleen onesegs ene [ROUTE a eee eee aie sle eerste TRADE 2 SRR ae 4,000 415 Poultry...... {rand Seda ese oie GIGHOXES'.\./e.. 5c HerrmepaG HES r aieias recta, sieise's were slo'e & Shaye S49 Te Sakae Salle: alyssle alice a alps ye mainte, whe IPE" C68 So Boe anderen sh iele/ayere 1, 702 bartels... 27-6). 564,000 24,204 DT ODS RIGR S553 546665 Sate dei 2,005 bushels..... oe 120,000 1,203 aS PS sista, ate age mic Yewioe,o, a6 wea. eias 2 En Speen fd sacks.ees seen, 2,800 70 GEAETS Voie sees cites ke sts ss ele To ererale char oie eee 1,000 200 EONS efesinlot elo in tr) atnllofeleinic/areln io\elaics avelale) nl etwlieniote = etecic\s oiaietaielaite ie laletente PT eos on nhs mie BONE ee ibie ea saeie ee ieele sis eayoieisvate 55 packages...... 1,100 1,100 BE ojo oh cw mite = abehaieiclelcls ss’ oe) a iiegsioie/elalavsleva thas wisie.e/a6in a alabs|/a(elsce oni 260 SIRE PA IT SEIS BAER OS Semacieetcas Saleeratus. . 2.22. cccecssecsecees ee sts a ISR [eta al cia es ale fetein (oriele) valle ch chee |= ie aval nsin ie cltalsteneieionalenate ic ate fatal etc ieeate siavaleaje 6 aercreeiale Gada eae s LETS WLS aap pounds Co OmOuIe a Bie pstins A nie SOAS ODER DSOeDS ORES oa oa == Sheep......... HAs stale Sickert hen & 5 OR RSS BABS SS 85,000 2,655 2 23S AS obs DB Re BIS SNON 6G bana SOR arEEls © pc NRRL ai et vee ee 35,600 2,461 BPMN Ta © (oi cvecjale Weale isles esis o'sa siekets 5 eas 2 sanmece 00 022 Eps toate 4,400 = WIE. san cosa wre aime ce woke PU boxes «2-0, 6 1,500 60 SSPAMICUMWL Wan t,* cl cyan sont eve c-onecielee rte RENN. Tolle) ac. a\a nore) olsia lent ches ae sits 5) EES oo soos. — . BOS ela ole olinnhc old's, bis; « 2's,» 0, «0 cess 1,803 barrels.....%. 576,960 14,424 i cancd cla Ness 00's 0 on onehe 4 ; MIS esl ari Neus cine o sdle oie. oslo os Site eA RIa caMeieinhthe’ o.cidantte's ts Wiel dia tetelae wihae Miatdictat tees into Breon and hams:..). 22... 2 os el Bereonand hams... «/..'s 0s 0,016 aes | PeACGW ANG HAMS... .ceicsecccens | Bacon and hams......... ae epee Spplsci nee Soyodto gaa oe 1,005,592 70,391 SOE | Bacon and hams... .....seeee J MMIC Na eich cla piavaicie aiaiee © BS gieica et tees teres ginbelevagerah ne taiareianee- os droite eres Roose Rial ators ea (aieaatene NN ME TMU oe cease) yas cise iate|n-bteie: o: beun, aim bie vieteele Yoteitor’ eielehe dole) obs & Niele ee lwteleletes ek etapetare RINGENE lel cai ecsi x ois 6.00 She pace icaste lavek o lateness, ohate be white Sepa e ie Moet eres a ces RRM i MMe ao sis. ho scree» SNab uate Ee Merateves olen aie iche hui inte oe 2 auetR IE oats Beads Satetoreletote oe arene nh _ LEU S27 eee, are Bins scidatoe ley ciate Yes erietae a te orate eae ue NA DOLE C3 na ca eREA-CORID YG css 5 aceiole s © ocsi0 SPADA aia G sn. Loe Ack, a ae alone a MN oes eco ke Ne Ae 3 Sete ete Le a of as \ais'e.0,00, 0 o.wiclele eh ieee are ey | SOON nema Mee Lc tf BeGois AME SHOES, 5 on 0 os oo 00 2s op lec Sab Me ee cg 2 55 OTE RAGES eA leat sea a ei he ie. ss Fs ON ae 1 ae ea A) | Se shard ices Acs a te ae Se wine shiek 4 ak ee OS SSO pe eae lo DY Seater cia alice nl asciio ne Sie aie laws wie aietere IST telat sis aig coi ss wi.ss.0\010.» ne 1 nie fete Le ee eee) RAE GINS oo arcisioisinpiecie oe 6 ies csi atesin ouosiniels ere @i wie eciain aisle lai eieletn) whale eee tens Re RES Nereis EN a ooh Ie tel dn a, aidissin lo ew Cobleosintee Cie Ub ee Mess aah otal Aa ee aR MMM eee Cree me ee os ae bey wah eee edelee Pen La Sail ee eens eee dae RE cicie ie Sas gata aie viens oaks kGae weed da uc Saethon ert ey alesse. tiiaoaay: : i ee cee gars acd etre ta Sia ATO IRE. | DUPE OR hy Sante a a es Sa eile diatakne rave dinates Sewanee sales seals Mader en hes = ae Bia). 1 os A ES ee Oy 0 eae ee to chk bd KI sakes eek a A hee eas Ee es Ser he I a chek iadtinmeyeded a7 Sieh a Bie Nea bass. eae As so avs 3, ¢) 8 GRRE Bye Se OEE be Kah os MR dead cashes Lee OS ii TE IRIE ECE ERI RN Ekibde dy SeoUdbeh saee ce Lk oe eee 112 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON RECEIVED AT TONAWANDA—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value Packages. Pounds. Brandy .....-+- peeeeeer GUAR aah ce A UN LC a Gd Eta Bufirlo robes .c satetin oes Lae sek We Cee aL TSS ee pal Wmdlest.). Scitec ae neue tes Ch RT Sly MERRIE, SER OE al CRE Oy yee @Ganpeting . 1... ease ee. = eres «= [re TRAE ERIN: To Bee Se i Carriages... 2 ees eeere ec cereeee : Cedar posts. ..cee.seesscecerece | eet pasts. PPT. oss ee Re one a eee Gerrit hae chee ce Soe eee Ape Aue ~ e@eecneeevexseeeetirxececeseere eee Goren eali.d she eek hers Oe eee alee © CO oc hog eS Chas ite e@eeeroeeeeeeseee ei ec eeee ee tenet COE 5 oc 6 ns 'eit on © oo wrisle we lees 207,773 bushels.......- | 11,835, 288 83, 109 eosoeeeseeeerexreeeee}seeeeee eee Gee mBerniess ee ek s ee aa Mek Seehe POO re ipa eig bem Nanny mie |, TIGA oo We cue conned ss os bod dc cao, Bed Be, 22 aan Le Ep ote i. kc vi ecae eel. Sh), ceed sabre Earthenware ....cseeeeeuseoese I GER ear tote nine. A Wren CU WONE ajc ciac lates sicistats ococe ee 11,750 1,175 Fish Me ie rec Mal satel elev eleuva isle! ©: e's a Wels 2 DanLels <.iac ee "640 19 PREMIO. \\< wlejee isle ceniele ele vs 575 wi 16,147 cords......... 48,441,000 32,294 HAIN es awh oa ss nian ete gem nnn, uae 3,957 1,746 Bele SE CU Gc etc okie, iad, Stain) oxkalas arate ooze tetministe eee iele we titel oe oheiebebe a eeeus wens : MEd. oo ubucedo aks sco cooe cues seus vemed ar laced cee ae =r nak: oh a) SRO ORE ERT RRR AM MUMNOS p Hee pH i ae ne eae 170,181 barrels 0.4: 36,759,096 595,633 Beer cern Mui Giiees Saeeleh ca os « cic oake eases Selle ule Canoe eae f Rega eS Ne a ee 0,629 | - 1,062 UMN UNE chotcl ee siete ares leite! 6 evelas ciluls)s eum aise ie ehels Reade ete | aah is PE Wea MN TLEC = 5 (dis aNe n/a mia eile ise, s\n ol iada) we woe plate aqepslovenensaioys ats] avolOmife te ene UTM POTNCM serait ates olar\sicie's aC wiclaus «ew eetieniae laieiielsice'a.e a ete |. even PNETTELIEE 6) ste eimsi cle avec cb ove 6.5 ei efe iaern ie ; eecre eee ete ee eee oeiseeer es esee a AG ETTINUUUI OM aie alicia los! oie ovat ealecs eine e- GINSENG... sere c eee cscs ceeceeeleoves ec ceesescctoesscwisclessertes GiMSENG .. cee er cece cece cece ee tlnw ese ewer er sce erecceslnnccens GANSeNg .. 1. ce ccc wre c seas cee r elec ce wenn esen cece senses eelecescesecsnecees . Seven soeeoecesereeeeve Resa erate ci Nai vimcintn (a. las (6 veesjco ls we © 3 eleonapetaniere seme yareatats eeltel« ane & Be aialld A MRS BARE OCR Sec RRR LONER NERS INNER Nee ER SS atenich aie pie ida 6 3; Sailers, Gia’ lel 2, wcntahwQteiaeiellay aieslar aie Wr oloiaaltel Wich wiat ah 4 fae GGIAGSWATOE 2. clect as eceevusicnses Naor ada! pinata aera iatatbe ey alia Cate vis diteons anne ee eee ee eee ek adie dl savcie aden tale ere CESS 5 6 6 2 a re ST RET MRR 9. 5. OT ARRON | (RC MAC - st alee ae seer eres enone COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 113 RECEIVED AT TONAWANDA—Continued. Quantities. Articles. Value. Packages. Pounds. Hides 3 bretetet 8 en oe RRs oc soos ce d[t ae ee eee cade oc n Sesods 13,940 $697 Eas 26 dah 6 See ine 6 8308 PAGS WIRES s 5 oo. 6 6 v0 0’ procs 11,895 gallons...... 107, 100 2,980 TS Bi ost oo 2) 05 o'u 0% 0 o%0's' o's! eSelaw hs & o|a a 0's Soo oco pT ODT ancEsusdeC Gib sisle(eistew cts 'o"e tlic oe eioter eraeeeee : Horned cattle...... CRCaN ho) cc cicistar te [Rite ite erete: Mem onee tt ert we Sie oe SER CEE She Sher ah? Sa eee Sagoo c Merete teh: oie cis.0.5 aia t|htee ioe avis me Se alee 0 ee CERES FR inne? eee 6 Ls * Sele PEM Rete c¥oe, Ha PF oth, % teh ats tote) Ihc lo otalod te a lofudtaletae ete tet es Sra[h pete ele eos See etee sone aed oer Horns and Redes «, deye tebe o/b el alae fares sb ia eteb Se Sete RAB ve cartes A tr pea Bie PR ERIE Cr gsi o a . A EBT Dwi ets GIG 6 4 che Pas Haile nite tey's| oS tahaled fav's “artel crates lue’e'a oS o Wale Ooeleteetetete’ ab Utes ett cd Sateen I AMAAIIEAEES Gi cychevetst Gata" o's % “at stete,elclbi% s/elefebis leas sole’ a Slete'e eo bats SNe Bee 4 SIO Mca soc ate sie Hardware ........ FC et gel OO ae RRR PE CTE REL Aa eens A) AR iy Hr RAM aha ieee aes BPI porcboh or n* o's % 0" s'n'o,'.'o.'s' s'a,‘e's, 5|b Gcblolaled seo lalela’s 5 utah a4 Pesce CS CEN RRC IT HEMERER rene oc) © . Iron.. Sng Se 8 POR RSTECROPE CLLEGE DERE ERC IUCR CECE a Pane al irr ata oR AP AA) Init aby Sos a i er STon oy hetobat fetch Mott Rls Sie iab eis, itcttere tine een ectrele’s eteromameets's ouie S otal? Boece ete ceemeree i ee a ee ee arse. ne 40k eR SRO Se RCRA HOR ASRS Actin UC ee eres SPaRRP NIE Rita tetod/ Ge etehcts eee ects RESTS oe leat See ta tect tee oe Meee A ES ee es Geet REALE 0 Bee A Ah Hine ce See AS ieee Siri nee MEA ada ich ratiata hat 0's “ee” sel a'si’ i Sema a).6; 5) 0:6 Stoo oeee 4,450 barrels...... IT Bi bettie | 77,883 Liv . SoS CRORE = s See EIS oo 5 wis o)is ie nich «| 050.0 jase, oialogoleeiaiwrayelcecie QuoltlhS Rie Be Sh SES MBean eeuerate i a a ae MNS oc, owe arsislouete cietensareneys aasitels PE Bd iets ate ater itn nd Peet br aera I aie ao as oa) 5055) ooo, Svnselsyniessuaseins Spexewieeiss o's a sia lcparstactene e ostar iets pate Sin ceiei state's ~. slelalee s a'ee o's SAGO ORAIO 59,553 2,508 DROME 2.5 5h oic8ele'ohs o's’ actos "a's 's"e Mattresses......... sea MLB SNE Ae hee Oh EN w Bak Solano Cte la Ky RNS 5 ei A ee eat BOMPUCESTAMDISE Soho". % whic 's sataheles ss feleSel oS ialete'o ve ao e's’elee bh wilt ale SAE Re OR EAE (OR ote oo wee Merchandise ...........0 RSE AS enn tt Oise te malt ae BROS tle ted dlaee i Merchandise ...... eM, er el elclh Ae, yon ace st so 0 Nar yw BA Seth yan ales a eneee Medicines ..... 08 PRO EC ROTOR Cc ROR ERC HCI RRR REL See RNS Ss Cc MP SAME aR card eas PO NB gsc 5, dh clecs; «, ap anosaisiece sponeltseayeceie Meee TA hae) Mess ot pee MNES cia acne as at Gaia's 6 Seteustepe ts cuetewel sual sucker evuep al ayabe’s) s.oseie alate ol Bae eee ete coe tee eter ore ae ET Cale 20 CCE EIEE EO OERE ET EP REIE CCT CR NCEE CREE Nica eae SR MAE = alg er A AR oe ct MAGS Fs PIS ot Fee oe estas ot ocho no's "10, 485 bushels. .... 335, 520 3,145 Arent Re a eee Ce nS sk a Ce IEA Mey tae SHAN etd a eeomaee eres . EE a Des aE POnE 9 Edo oy On Ce en eS eS Ace a A A PO Oe eb Mela errata eet th shh CEA RE eS Utes berth Sheth aan eoPeeS ileal: 6526 codecs stat toetes’. ‘ ee en Dae rhe Be aeetat ee 22,912 170 Ee ec a. 555) oy cy oye, gid Wane aed ow, & slatothe, i Meiles a on, Seo ore sl vue codasneatnaiiate SRPRONENY.). ci... Ra PePn RM eNe 5 crm Mee Bath A. 5, 2 t0y 38 Fs te 4 ft ale 8 anata ROMS, 2 OSS Te eNO PL at ora eee eR oe sf naa nmin Sib»! ouees0: widin| Pot AGKSIOMS © Sei chone, «'o\'s.» o Je uoteteces RR eas... AS eit Ac PRET etal NN AR 8 SAIN RTM ORE SIRI, UA I a a an pte Se a ee AN Pe Soi odo oa Salo mimes cal sos She ave ito ia abd ape-snie. |n.m aus aN ; NEM) 25: os ics =yose ney otal dee peat ci aie sss aie ies 6.0K ose sisi ees) mere ba) Sstahe ae alo «\ ob lekehetenere PRR Sa asi, os,nicecas apa ova Mapcbevabale slates eialsibaca eros 4:0: evatelahe We; ass. c ae ssa 6-0 ela scckamoneteeievels 114 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON RECEIVED AT TONAWANDA—Continued. | Quantities. Articles. Value, Packages. Pounds. eee ee Be ilasteneic ccc ae eisialelsisictelelselshelelet= | afaicisiseste aueielelareteicicleyeialeretotal (eters 2.0.06 6 0,0) © mleieyolicialelcieiniarceienaie Peas and beans....... ccc eee eens 83 hushels, siete 4,980 $83 POUMEry <<< 5a) aicie:eweiniewi= > 010 winkela ae ahooees a 'sviule.e 0 esate fetala ala © 9,00 oe eno ae ola ee eee 4 Polity. << (<)00 cfenje iets wien wincaiolals « « clessujolalsinieniels vm 'se sie. AES SS 4 on s.c,00 9 «= sala Ee ate Peatlroa@ les 0c .ic-cscle Guise ve aie 4 Ratt an leit ae IGE | 6 6 0 (0 js-0,,01js inn wien age oe PGi Seat eis ed tinea aloe iste ts 2. 257 barrels . (22; 9240. “97 ,084 PGbatMesiiates wie celeste aavele sie siv, 6 aha "938 bushels. . RELI ® e | 14, 280 "142 Rags...... RPT Tate the alntara ccvaholclehinte: aval skelee a nieesoieie rer ciara a icieierMeleneiee © 9.0 ,6,05/ e.eisgaleinjen a See PR gels inc sci c isin on nislsie tinjee'se «<1 hb opainn a nda teu pea Ra min (SS eae La ¢d deans aeteae Reapers... cree ce ceeecsecccee | BAe a eVeeharane SS rin 8 ree Se le ee brake ERENCES eae ceo eicha air alclaiotabeloce’s © o.aelo.6 6 Gite Sale ere Scare Stehalioters Mane reeeeee ne | a. 9:0: sin aicke BOSE SSB eGod 55 aiatols(a/cateiehe 861,035 86, 060 TERRI Wee id) clalcvadsate she Rial es ares ictaile ie ele Sisvlovapons niee oped ceatelel 11,150 669 SAR a Pe eae vcsckchaveiaia ie cleleiaiche| ie 'si dueie es eeia aha leeie eieie: ous umn tc ee aietd ate suaile PETER MRE se EMS be base Sorccraltata daddueta lies: ohavenane wiavle: wave ee eaeetere Rae 0 0 0 06 0s. 0,n lin, cic ge CURRY! cists a8 wickeleterelsiove Be. 00. epee | PROD ACEO No nierc Ae eislsleleise ie mle).0 eyscaiefe] Pie ainieie s « Sirota yccate mies abo 190,401 11,424 POWACCO! Fe © le ra) ce ais)s «\e/sis)n'e ein oholols | | SUNOS «/c'< 12's, cliche oe ialee ic o:e\»'slalelsis os \s\ 6's «si cnle ele 0's eieieiafa|ininis sims o:.a: a sojete inlet ieieenene aachnereia BENING tolareloie ated win So) ciehe\ sicbie si ele siete [rj> sie o\25)0/0 Halseloteteiclsa cia aletat averse «ns sicteeereerale Rpt ie 8. Wie ele ee ee intel vie ajo ia/e ain cel vara) e|n lem .ejminovelu aja clerelaleieiniti nn dele eels Perr oe Seema BSSELO SD. Ie sede Bates CaN o's. ss oe Aisi ata |latle wove tava eaelepeperea a oieta eis eet hevelinvacemiaieee a6) 0 6.6: sie leo) oj epeeeeeeenare . EEE RINT ie cia ane oie) ooo 6 cle mini ajctel|eie'a aein @msiaelmlelwicheicis is e/a aie) |, 00 0/a vie «ayia eles a cieiainin tana sees Cen RI NE RO posh clas ache release: iclabe' sue ie, en@ahe tetera sake Siete Wardlc:@ clalareteele ekie veneer anlea «Rema “fe WV ino hai vial wie slave ie 0.0jo-ere ole [0m wiS-w wei @\plejels a eisl@ln ie eis 6) Galle: oe 10) = ic TRie tee meat eae Daten Pace CoN ciraiict sc te elas lais'a: excel shove ie ebe-e/overats wininiy 6 Sude lee oi Gral’e or'e:ladecaie’ terete erie tet aaa wietidhs UVTI Metres sabe tacohclsisie\e; eile eae’ & voiave otal senate etanclevatarehehansu eel seca leneyene PPerooromcooedone we RNR MEN AG etateci oleh e aici :s:e\s) e/a e/a ote a aato 162,669 bushels......' 9,760,140 Li3; 868 PMU lala sooo cs wie wsie)s olnins soln etl i ae a aa | Fem sey 5 SY ROE SE 8 142,721 42,816 WADERS WUIAT Gla icrelavcicies ose /6 eareieiels aces Sera Sa otavesberevs eatin Cis eeela arena oa 00tse eee oe ca. aed Garsrers’ DIOCKS cick iw sic cee oes loses apapekeeneat cee et aa rae Mer ere). occu sue aa ak AM PCO oC i oie ne! so. gie) sis 6 is| oo wid Giseia a seretcinies acne Se crsroheiseys on pinpe(h a eaeraeeene = oh NAT TREO NEE cl orale Say Mircea fata we ce we TEMES USNR S ReiatANs ib he Aareree See ie nee 203 OD) gyn) SE ee ee ee REIN (Oona. . 5 ES ere \ bate cosine molevete tate muakants ae J als os «in os\e) am CoRR ee wiiaapelars Wiaron woods. . 6... e ne wns be teres oinatee ehuwerstcee ke 4 ols seeseeeecees ah Rte OTE Total pounds 2. «v0 os0« ew : Stewie Bor wae ee Biseie ic 226, 422,241 2,089 , 663 Tons of 2,000 pounds..... le asisibia: 8s, sje, sini e/6)asibjo.0)e\0 113,211,241 |.......- cee COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. : 115 STA TEMENT—Continued. Aggregate quantities | Aggregate value of received at Buffalo, each article re- Articles. Dunkirk, and Ton-| ceived at Buffalo, awanda. Dunkirk, and Tonawanda. Pounds. Beles ees sis ois... os Sicouaeieyeiote Sheleitle) eaves 20. shee , 7,536,350 $315,548 Ale ...ceeseeeeeee vessees arbetebeaefe) «allen ©. eli" ie)='p 19,320 388 Plleahol . F202 eee sees BUI sfebe ate, So twreie eisai caseke 284,040 16,569 Barley ..2.c-ssecrsccccrcceres Boe oeno aos. 7,997, 184 116,626 ee ics: fous s « Ghetalig Stale .wte\(0\ai'os, oes exeje ayes 23,849, 150 616,993 Beare its sale 2 0 coe ae aa wlheeiiayeete’ «sickens! »)a) 2 eiveie jays 12,300 645 PPICOMPING DAMS. 2. ). 0. s wieele oasis se cnc cuesen ae 7,817,552 488 ,078 EERE oe es oss 5 + oan « elcle CP hes Makasaict eo) ish arausiurs 45,050 9,010 “Deapors. ¢ . A ee SE oC Ce eee 22,800 3,420 Broom com........ be sorcc ans Bertil isate se onaheleys 1,104,100 66,279 Li Go Es). ee aye cee cfs: x ai ene aco spehjbaeys 105 , 200 8,900 EeGE SIME SHOES: «. ovsts ee Geile die c00s sevice wenieies aie 5,240 3,520 REET aos a) > oe. cscs atthe Moklw eo ewincresubew ewe 2,100 84 Tole 8 | a a See ee BPs Boia “a eumieiareuaens says 3,126,617 312,340 Beer PUMPS. . 2.2 cece nesses cece ce cccsennsess 100 10 (RET (O00 GS 30 GREG GeBon oS Bec CcopeEeea or adoese 1,600 24 A ETUMIPTMG RAI Po el'si 5.010 <3 « sini) sist Sle MR ckcieeiorie ig 123,220 214- Sot. . J SRR ee eee Satie reefer ame tohehete 263,200 330 SERIE Tei «oi siarel> ealeletete slolaisle ss! aves. 0: ©. alaiooi0i 123,500 1,820 BRIS tle 6 ww oe oo cn oo wicleted sn niela 6 00 a sw seiniaio 2,600 AYO BEAT 2 oe oo coe ew ee cries we tesco erascnn: 4,200 1,480 Rem NAICS 2 35 - cls)» walnidie aiciels's os 0 0.90 sasis ois 195,860 162,850 Weare c cree ae ciel clei e slen'e ove sl slal eo eels ee ays 106,770 21,354 CRP EEN cle ale <0) « cnjnieie wlnin's slecieis c's c0isis ce oa si 1,230 1,800 Carriages . 1... cece nec c cece cece csc eccerecssens 121,800 8,700 SLiL> 22S Sip @oguggc6cse soc oor SGrNneinre eae 97,800 858 Ree aie so). nfo = cblclaoSeleheoia'e 0 0 vot Heim 156,300 1,042 ee oleic as cioles octets Nelcladts a\s «=a « Syemerie 3,877, 123 371,248 et I ant Sako sino Bhi ahg Bide ws s:0/'s.0 a sls dheein cous 28,500 285 0d. 4 S606 0Ban Sensor Dee coat Soeepere sacra 11,400 2,850 On. . gee COORD ECAR BASS! Oc aan ae Rn eisai es 39,990,000 71,100 Sage ag alot a2) (of) =¥ 2/0 vuoi nt sayia/ oie a) einai © (alo Mot axoieye'ini= 1,312,500 269 , 500 Wate wie sts) os ate! ol aiioin a e' dare o eho e's. 4 ociqer th ayeisims 5,400 540 Se ETI ooo. oaks, o's: a Sey Seales 0:6 tao 0 0 braeyeisys 344,568,096 2,757,658 USL TT CORRS ES GeBe.” o CFe De eSR Ein mercer 633,960 9,870 MU Licmme rey force se late = catevole Slcche esc ess ¢ cae yeers 139,500 13,950 rican breeaig le Poa at Sia oh os colette aa Wate ols e\ele' st « estisveiaie 285 , 580 11,732 LUBE? 2. Dee SEES GRUB Sc Bp See eiene ieee eens 130, 480 46,600 RT ANIME RULE's = 0202's! eho! oe cl Siete) heey aels'e so o's soe £3,000 8,268 eM so. wasn afte. ooo Sates cabal oreo 6 6: ie 6, ai oie oyers 15,814, 766 102,320 2 BEES oc OSD OB ECS BOOW Co Bb oO DOMSDOIDe a Ons 17,270 69 , 080 Ele oe ot 3 oie CIS Ole. 2 ea ra 10,570 528 LSS 3 A 1 PRS Sete Taran Rote dey ies 3,180,340 63,613 ERR nna alate: co's och a ola! aYelee a afaic ees ee! cl sc © apeielesys 48,605,000 32,540 RUE PRAAORC OND << coc cla sis 5 ieeleislele oo ves os spejewe 1,341,207 46 , 224 [URS EE © Aigo Sag a eI OINOLRS Sins OO. eres 691,120 22,664 UCN 9 33 3 SEER Oe 5 ee 312,880,104 5,669,815 PULTHGIGECEN (ee o'c'euic 2's ede leiatg Bate fa" eee Ae 232,560 2,244 SE fiss . een aS Te Aa 539,479 15,773 Lo tie. ee See ee ee 53,931 69,500 Thre. Us. US eS Se 2 ee 952, 500 253, 300 SOE CE RE PE RO CC | a ne erro 23, 050 6,084 CHES: oy gue hg? ieee aaa 196,550 7,862 RISE ALE) 5c is\ o(cc, cheesy) 2 at IE. oes. o Sian in by asackous 542,580 35,098 UE = ae Is See oc a 29,100 4,365 OEE, SS Se. See eee 277,656 18,390 ME TYAMREOMESS 6.5.5. 5 :cihe nc ROS Otte ale ois «be slocavone 3,939,900 30,784 Hats wiwiwiietale.e).s (6 6) 5) 6) 0 ess 6 ul wlebelopalalebala(e\is. oa. ee. e aisyey exes. 9 5 600 4 y) 800 AAT OE «3 5 sic vis v , oie choise © shelolcieverel wiete » cu/s\ siexe hein tolane ESRD CEG Co aie aie fase, eclefe eles seer er acl Ola b)ele\a eiwie Geet ve the SR ISI ain anv cs cleo. /o ju Wat ai nisi en\a a 6a oo aietehve ie Sheepskins ......es.eeee et satarialinis in, ois/e slieaimfedeiols SOM PM aisle cr os e\binis wir ce wW Uvlcldie donee oi '6 sretaltorere SEAT CLIMEME Hieiale cline ate, oc etlslthabiette.s an 6 6s eianiermreteve Sha vcreieete re wie in «. sc cfeie cette t a ttiteleinie's ois ay oilstetartate Slavia Oe sec csi lcheiesudleiesue, erate seiaier< piss due)e, silenererenens Pounds. 22,882,700 11,244, 000 911,030 15,412,260 410,900 4,759,997 1, 622, 160 3,600 962,406 3,706,500 12, 159, 600 851,000 290,948,000 465,750 510,720 1,331,200 26, 880 161,253 5,460 929 900 33,700 162,220 36,637,760 2,074,860 11, 400 4,004, 412 3,120 1,940,500 291,200 11,000 182,000 194,780 8,050 3,546,800 11,790,240 821,040 2,130,900 232,200 162,061,459 94,500 3,100,235 690, 150 5,580 6,600 Aggregate quantities | Aggregate value of received at Buffalo, Dunkirk, and Ton- awanda. each article re- ceived at Buffalo, Dunkirk, and Tonawanda. $631,637 730,840 301, 470 182, 400 784 4,400 19,173 301, 436 16,317 387,419 81, 110 180 786,880 14,000 COLONTAL AND LAKE TRADE. STA TEMENT—Continued. 117 Aggregate quantities | Aggregate value of received at Buffalo, each article re- Articles. Dunkirk, and Ton- ceived at Buffalo, awanda. Dunkirk, and Tonawanda. Pounds. Tobacco ...ceeescens ihalfolet ols aiebilafonela sls)e)'e/anelieva\ele 2,142,001 $237 ,900 TONGUES .. 2.22 ee eeeees “SE SE aboordg0 ue Son 72,320 3,390 SNES ate ig cere eee tc oe were Slee ate ere siento elndare’s 70,080 3,285 Deel oe ioe ays, ceo lo © enjehe vial sis = © a's) o,0,80.0)0.0 6. 11,300 1,017 Varnish...... ido dake fdas - noe.d ce Coban ae 4,000 300 TI oer npc ne oor alvin isiee © avs so ce os an'ea%s 7,800 780 ES sjc.$ = Meee ins ars shun eokapteLs’ sic ovelaere oie eietelade 68, 400 2,547 i: ane aes i Oe BSE ad I asal coins stahelore tafahintate 8,380 2,170 A bbe ea chal a: viele aipeiateren aiietete 250,045, 260 2,952, 416 7 ee a ee ickere\Asha(elestaietnleieic: oo sie taratotate efole 13,166, 221 3,949, 866 DIG GACMONRTE «0 c\0 av ceive nase cv ccccceccesecces 480,510 14,477 PRICES OCIS 5 alae a acle ccm eyciele oc/e\s\be.s eo eles't)0,0 33, 000 825 Handspikes...... - a scbeeoc bt sedeudos nese 14,800 177 a nie ois'e\ vic: siofenel seers oie\ee.c.¥ a eae Sieoje,0i0 2,346,520 63,840 MTR UREAENE Is © tin «1s ole'cicisueleie o a/eeis eienin sisi, « 119,152 1,637 PGMUPOMNGS.. < closes eco csceneavnesenne| || 1,010, 120,300 34,939,471 Tons of 2,000 pounds .. 2.200 ceescrcccce 859 , 369,366 b tabu fist oleate he rea “eC Recapitulation showing the total value and quantity of all property recewed from and shipped to the westward, in the district of Buffulo Creek, during the year ending December 31, 1851. Tons of 2,000 pounds. Received at— Buffalo. 2%... Seog cos GoKoooodomoCoD bs oocs6o 731,462 MUM, 5%. ois so sds “AOR ODIO aisliat eaters Stosceratace arasiatee 57,138 MEGTABVANG A o15,4 ¢ oles» \a)sr s\cinis oe «+ en « HodosbosbscgGss ae 113,211 GAIGE alc celeiabe olan oes mi Be yarisiccnaais Keeton cn oes 901,811 Shipped at— LOS LO DR GES Gugies | OO yoo lide ao OG COROIG COO CIOr Mae rs 204,536 LE) An Bees SodGe Seo db08s se eheresieiaie 15,867 POISE EME AUNNA otc a5 picid. 8 ares aha) eV aici el ole wiai'e even 4d /asohe/ele niente 5,037 PRADA oda Yas sl eloni Sion da) s/sieisie,<)ci ices oie) <.s/evelaaie ororere 225, 440 Grand totals...... SOO KOCKE TAD OOO sjaieimicsoiarsre cel Milled a col Value. $31,889,951 4,000,000 2.089, 663 37,979,614 44,201,720 5,394,780 1,692, 423 51,288,923 89,268,537 WM KETCHUM, Collector. District or BurraLo Creek, N. Y., Custom-Housr, BUFFALO, February 19, 1852. 118 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON An account of the principal articles of foreign produce, growth, and manu- facture, exported to the British North American colonies, in British and American, vessels, from the district of Buffulo Creek, for the year ending December 31, 1851. AMERICAN VESSELS. BRITISH VESSELS. TOTAL. ee eee Articles. Quantity. CDC aer ancien =\e'= (eles ates sonesesepounds..| 143,457 OOre® hac aeogoss oboe. sobs Bigot 46,849 Dry goods.....ss20 Baw oan) a= a'n/'s fol cpapeicha yon etasctal a Medicines..... Socoseo 4 Bloedatels/a)'sia)(ao/e| oiaveta< iiatsinvet atc CrORKEry ci. oe sees ce 0 2 stain Bielaleisisin © =lecvaibisieclaie loin OWS. okies aso» « Sante /vskstev iene eeeheic/e ale Ncie a cis eine oc LD TUBA RSH dare or base boxes... We GRGISHMS 0 5 oar ccs iege oo cslnisie ie pounds 10,175 Ler TRI apeea aces AGRA Ooo be boxes... 155 LS! SSS SOB BOO nC cai - --- pounds 4,897 Pepper.......+- ccareeswesenens WD see 3,140 Oranges...sseee cere esnccees boxes... 83 PITRE OR fs latela = «1s <0 «lacs - pounds.. lon PAGO enn lntnlelaniale iain seals jecelel = do.... 4,496 CUUpRatit Ss Od Ont PAMMMACEOTES GL WOM s.'cic sie se 50's ecb tee es cee SEMUNACEUTES OF WOOd. ..e'eide ols eciec wa ss vevseels t's SOMME EN AME cveR eC ols, 3 'e(Uictehsist chetete!' 2) 2\| als (cl e oia, nicl auaie meee ajo aie Hooks and stationery ...)56.. 2. clos essseee - gojcowos 2. WEL ETS ¢ codcloot GRR So Go aeaee oni BIE? Basa Sr aeieae PUAN SION 5 LI ite. oe els sal het tk See othe Wrens MMC UMIECICIMES' so... eos clos sas oe ee Snes 60 6 GGlaeSWarers. Sako ee ea ces pbtefolern foto Ne siarnterene etctarahelsia TUES ORGS OU Sanu RO eOOn OE 7,921 gallons.. aeRO terettclae a) < als) sic: <2 0 cleisie's « 8,742 bushels.. RRS ceeiote Baie a ste elsraie aie « Hailes « 44,565 pounds.. | EU St bee Se SSeS se ee seanae S0sa9le do. me T0G2 2). BCC SShRpmear coe 120 barrels... UL Geese a as Soom (oouansoeetae 4,450 gallons.. Skins TOL TUBS AS Spanien acaes 57,062 pounds.. Beets aud SHOES... 2.2. sissies sas 7,998.. pairs.. PM efeicetietcieie a sors ayeche « fe 2,182 barrels. . LT Sop Se 5c)s Ae eee eee 14,917 pounds.. WC AEH ET oe. lela ayciale a ais oc + oie Shaves: GI, 1G4...do.... Hams and bacon...... jéisogédos 9,638...do.... Bera POLK s5..5.2.026es08 620 barrels.. PACE OTe farce ese tio: ssa rei¥ia: wave .es 49 ,259 pounds.. LEST ode: Coe p anne eee PEMOtncet@adac J OPTin ce) ae Sens 50..tons... tt oie Se en ee LNG Ve along oe ICL ne) Se re 10,400 pounds.. fyi) SESS SS ee 25 number.. LEER Cab Sy SE ee er 1 ey GOls sere PANG Were aictsisc's ces « Sch edwougode 139,274 pounds.. AMERICAN VESSELS. 51,991 95,511 43,875 47,900 12,860 8,063 9,889 2059 1,746 3,082 4,557 1,047 4,523 1,191 600 546 2,260 4,804 7,736 1,597 1,070 4,321 322 2,763 6,084 2,820 158 1,637 703 1,325 2,334 3,931 263,305 ee | ee | [ee ee BRITISH TOTAL. VESSELS. Value Value $55,563 $107,554 26,891 52,402 22,970 66,845 46,345 94,245 9,884 22,744 5,724 13,787 7,278 17,167 871 2,930 Oy de AM 4,257 sailed 10,393 5,362 9,919 1,239 2,286 876 5,399 1,305 2,496 296 896 237 783 oe 1116) 4,375 5,987 10,791 4,499 12,235 675 2212 129 1,199 6,871 11,192 161 483 4,194 6,957 4,093 10,177 1,768 4,588 1,650 1,808 1,156 2,793 796 1,499 480 1,805 567 2,901 5,732 9,663 235, 536 498,841 WM. KETCHUM, Collector. Custom-HouseE, Buffalo, New York, January 1, 1852. 120 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ‘ An account of the principal articles of foreign produce and manufacture, with the valucs and amounts of duty, entitled to drawback, exported to the British North American colonies, in British and American vessels, during the year ending December 31, 1851. AMERICAN VES- BRITISH VES- SELS. SELS. Articles. Quantity. Total Total value. duty. Value.| Duty. |Value.| Duty. DEV IMOGNS). « stajse aietcls cis o-delicic “eile - - ($3,280) $884 70)...... | aes ie $3,280 00) $884 70 REBAR c. «aie o acinie sje 219, 080 pounds. .| 3,674/1,081 oa $2, 335) $688 72| 6,009 001,770 55 Witte) .-/a:sle 6 See ater 20 qr. casks.| 152) 59 28)... levees wel 152 00] 59 28 Brandy... s.csssee. 3hilf.pipes.| 127} 127 7 » Steele sees 127 00} 127 00 Dry Betdce 4. < sacs ae: 2,000 1,126 54 89) 3, ii 168 14 4,575 00} 223 03 Calf-skins ......... Sidozen:.3|° Fol §30 20). to a. ee oie 151 00; 30 20 Machinery......... decases -.. 31... S55 sede SSe 3, 404) 1,021 20; 3,404 00,1,021 20 Boiler plates....... 105 vesesdcccscoecd 327| 05, Gat coe UN meme RAISINS . «26 + sia aie LUTON tS Reine Sean eee 133; 53 20 133 00) 53 20 8,510)2,237 90 ae a5 6482, 026 91) 18,158 004,264 81 i fe WM. KETCHUM, Collector. Custom-HousE, Buffalo, New York, January 1, 1852. 121 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. "OSOT ‘EG Asonung ‘onfing ‘uuoX MAN ‘HATUD OTVAANG fo LOULsIGg “407997199 “WOHOLAM WVITIIM 69 1¢8 ‘26 0¢ FFL ‘988 OL 928 ‘ee 16 613 ‘683 6¢ 180 ‘28 GC FEC ‘LET aed ata. aee! Sieh |e ey oee— ege iee meG Yeo, GL CSL iL GG 899 '¢ 08 c°9 T8 689 ‘3 eb 099 TL 820'8 7 7 ems ss fe BONE OY} Ul PoYBISTANTA 4OU SOPOT SNOPIEA 16 ILL ‘16 16 ¢10 ‘188 08 0021 ‘FG 9T 08e ‘98% LT TL¥ ‘98 G8 SGP ‘FFT SL CPL T1 SSP ‘S 86 8&L 1% 89F‘'S cL 9 0¢ 02 Sanit Goa temens Oe = Gees en aS ae se ape eB eOREMOOR 88 SUZ #6 129 FF TS 08 FIL ¥6 89T FI g9¢ a ee Se RONG STOR Sy) Wpiignecir sae 5. GosSe ates Se CUOTTMeIO 9, &8 68 61F 89 LL GP Sse 81 9 06 08 -— = spurod Bix “$99 rene ee en ere age St ere we Uy, co 99L 11 ¢g@ #8 92 SI 9¢% TL 68 £0 66 a = Spl09 YEeZs a Be ee eno ez aINg C9 6F IL SZ 08 61 6F 96 cS 08 79 IGT = > sjeited 78 Sia Wi Hae do fey ao2 ited Siraers EOC pum ORY, 61 931 6: 8&9 $0 98 1% OST 91 06 81 SCF ks TORS Sipe Sci sh Se Sa ee he SHAS 0¢ SZ 968 P. 11 1g SP OL $8 FL 81 LFS - = = syeysnq ecg ‘tT eee eens ee se eee S20}R]0g 16 88% Gt 161 T. §8 cg GP 61 68 Z8L 8! 116 - - spunod %6@gg ‘Zr eit Me so ee ee ee SP a G% &L SP 998 | SI 9% 80 181 10 1% OF 98% pdr os ROZOR~ (Ob e eae ee eet ee ty ga ee ¥6 Z8P 18 FIP ‘S oL LP FL 883 GB S&P 10 911% ee epee men 3s) & 292 RE 8 Ree gS eR SiS lees Re mate DOORN 1. GUT 8% 92¢ | 98 FI 9% PL IP 06 G0 GCP ee RS ae a) Si elon, Sy gh hone hala ees ene OOS (6¢2 Fe 618 ‘8 G0 Sit FZ 069 e8 1¢9 08 682 ‘8 Se see ee OPE St ee OS se SS ee eee nanu nn @e 189 1 181 ‘8 PL 13 89 SST 88 019 80 6G0‘S ae ee es ONS ee pe 91}}89 peuloyy F. OIL TL 08g OL FF 69 833 PP IL z0 18 - = speysnq 963 ‘S = Bee? Gotie = eras Se Seen 88 £9 98 918 FB 9B 9L 18ST FL 1g 01 SST - > Sate F416 Si Bel Se 6, Sey ete as ae eae age tOny 17 961'8 18 @8 ‘ST 96 FOL "S 16 1 L‘ST 16 286 OL 116 ‘> 7 > speysna 7808 ‘98 pets te aes te ee oe RNY) (9 SIF 9% 12'S 81 F9 6 £83 'T Ch 6F8 18 886'9 Sy ee eevee Od SS on pee ee eee eae ee 19 02% ‘¢ 9h 890 ‘ST 68 SIS 68 111% Bo S09 ‘F 1¢ 0¢¢ ‘er - + spunod %g)8 ‘cit SS US. BAS eile eer eter a ee OOK FS SCS ‘UF 6h GSI ‘9ST 18 G80 ‘0% 1% 1F i ‘99 6P T1L‘0Z 8% 8&3 ‘69 = =) = SUOL 9160-G Shy ae c= CS ke ede Meee TOIT PROLLY 88 FOF 60 F6E'% C9 FOP 61 S213 Sl (% 06 008 Looe tee eS ee Ss sly aatag fo aides Seamer ae L) 128, 19 9&2 '3 6L 919 0G B&3 16 BZ CPL IL 8h se Saree pet pi oS SiS ee eee eS St 108 ‘3 C8 68¢ ‘IT Ch 166‘T 03 1&6 ‘6 &¢ 9I8 C9 38C'T - = + 98285 100 160F So eee i Lie ee elad tant 19 9&3, 8g Gas 19. 99 | 8¢ CGB Fae Oe eee ce See oe. ee BUN TOT. - 5 = 2 = = = Jequiny pessaig c9 698 ‘PF Gh SS ‘FS 69 LE ‘s 06 189 °1T ZO B88 ‘T gg 099 ‘9 "7 + 988} GZS '066'8 ae SS SS ee eee sd0]-ARY 08 sso ‘ses FS SOL OFTS (3 801 ‘28 6G Gig ‘sits 09 08s *c$ GE C9 92$ Sas >a? GOR} SG), FG OG | See = eS ees rane “ANG “ONICA “ANG "ONIVA “AWN ONIVA =a “AyUCNH “SOLOW “TIVLOGL “STGSSTA HSILIUG "STUSSHA NVOIMAUNY "ISST ‘TE Laquaaagy surpua sna, ay sof ‘panraras hinp fo qunown ay)? ynn ‘sassaa YsIIG pup uUnIWaWPy Ur ‘sawoj0I UDILLAWET YILONT ysiug ayn woLf ‘ysoX Mant ‘yaauy offing fo qo1ajsip ay? o7ur parsodun ‘sangva pun ‘sarzxzunnb ‘sajouan podrouad aya fo 7unoo9v Upy My » S Ve 122 ‘ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement of Canadian produce imported into the district of Buffalo Creek, New York, for warehouse and for transportation in bond to the port of New York, for exportation to ee countries, during the year ending December 31, 1851. Articles. Quantity. Value. WV Heats 5 bac iceis ctorecloicio wlecicr cus eececece dieuests aioe sDLISHEIS Ah 88,316 $56,901 93 LAST odens Cede Sess SSRI AD Sadaees SbGRh= BctiGe barrels... 10,763 34,007 95 Barley ...csccesescsees cegcacene eiala.shate saya hater bushels. . Boye 354 25 Batteges «= cae 2 cteeeie iets satan atetel tp rare eee pounds.. 11, 725% 964 49 ASHESE, a\cjeivie: 2 on 6 pad 6 So SEB es Soaccs5er barrels. . 300 5,283 65 MOGI tae a. cecieine eb aaten Bi tats ae ataeteninr tkete pounds.. 9,017 1,848 48 RU ANIMAS leew lnie parolee ata aiwievale's) 2) he ele jsie/alateistore «inveiey yards... 3,170 326 03 HES. . -seje pntetalofeleicie cision ste lelwinte so cobsasce 5555+ barrels. . 2 180 40 EAGER WINE) « 0!o'nionec ie pele jain ia) choin.aie eyes syexalas .- -hogsheads. . 2 133 42 SUS UU EGG EARIGH SER: Mobos SeMHeS anes Baan Sar casks. . 9 179 68 LP SDA RES ie Gap aan 5 Obp sper s aos ocon Gere gaae- 3 hhds. & 1 cask 309 46 100,489 74 * Imported for consumption. WM. KETCHUM, Collector. Custom-House, Buffalo, N. Y., March 18, 1852. Statement of Canadian produce imported into the district of Buffulo Creck, New York, during the year ending December 31, 1851, (being free of duty.) Articles. Quantity. Value. Horses . . «s+ acces cc esccscerenes se lolelelnie stetets number. . 36 $3,158 Horned cattle......«. sete cle ecteretee elie ete Pe etc ae doe... 9 155 SNEED (cle ee *LopaN0D “MOHOLEM WVITTIA "8103 086 ‘9 08% CPOE OE HEE ESOTHE SETHE EHEH HEHE ETT HT DEH EH ESTES EE EHETE ESTHET HOHE EET HTHEHD SHOE T HHH HHT F HOST OSSH HEHE SHEETS HHO HOH OOSEL SEH OEEE HD Seagate Cisis i teany# Saag oie ig iwivieness welateieine(e eter Se CASTER au0 puy QUL'G TTT treet settee es ert ccc cersceccserceesssceseeeseyg oSeuuo} ayesaisse ayy Jo ‘s1aijadoad urveqs pue s1ame9}s 149.0 410d s]u} 48 4[IMq Su1eq Mou aue II Ly Py CRI od Wed OB ‘ECL FIL Sesame S ceca ene ce = ach a ein Sai aaah oc sine gs ieyel uaego mate “iasau> = mania\pie ry ovnl@us (= air\ > oqelelelouer arge* ccie)° Okay Wiaeeiege 6 epee ing sinein © Stale RAN elegy Siege eSATA) Sisvelesidte.s de 911 ‘82 @0g Panic MES wos ee = IRE win Sp ivie wih ole sie aleee S chms eunte:¢ eietaeieiMiy ciekepesiee en =\b%a'6 oie dB since ime. o'viee “88 - SATB OUL AO SILQEIPAOAYIO 24 MIMO IT PAL papoile s[ossaA eS Gave Wels eo .s%e S61 6S €9 sieie #6 els wie 20 cinicle cle sine oisite Wiedvie «+ vies cl esicsidees we ewas +0 se-sRQyET OI) oO SJOMISIp JalIO [(8 JW pasuedl, pue pal[oaue saatjadord wieajs pur saameazg 182 ‘T 1G) ‘9F SFI Seen Wei eis 28: sitvainissciein Ae Sintec is) +Te.aie.cichele “pie aise eee * oslo = 04s e=™ TOA MIN “Hai OLCUNG JOIOMsip ay) ULpasdooE pur Polls B[OsHOA JO [BIO $18 619 ‘EZ FOL Tereieiaee > sie slave einen eins s/eia “eke ciphe rnieat

123,370 19,396 meee SOAS eH Se Heo tans aeeiele eens a alee 65,435 476,922 486,303 IE a5 2 Rae HOG Bie Wei Poa CSET 989 , 062 CNECSE es occa. wcecme cee e cece ces esces do. .:. Lge il 1,257, 000 } 1,416,695 Stavess Me! Mok GL L2Gs polar do honk) eye ae NW HT 1,071,694 Railroad and bar iron......... ateies mists tons... 250 2,052 360 | SSS EWS AAS SA SeSeE re Sgcode donc pounds.. 18,500 521,500 573,493 RCH aiale evtetererw se ole c's <'o' eevee’ sretaistateveLOR Sere) Nevereteee re enies 409 15 Pig-iron ....... eielehe otal acteuete Scasocce ss Ge patee 150 800 944 Tron and nails......... Ag 638 Kastoleie ae sc ols 83 612 661 Siti on orem ede Konan anos aoe aiaget be cice 1,168 1,056 1,492 Lumber...... Mie coro ence aon cot ane ak, 3,324 3,901 12,899 Tallow ....... Sescoe eases einefe\s oistefPOULUS 615 | cle ieiasinle o "721 Outward. A Se Le Ce care ele aw ea ces hope eke Ae 33 3,205 ee ee. Ce Nee Ne YOR ESS NT St eee OP "Fen Lake receipts coastwise at the port of Erie, Pennsylvania, mm 1801. Articles. Quantities. Value. Merchandise and sundries ........cecececcscevesees 6,682,600 pounds.. $1,800,000 MRE efattec ie Bie alee cie oleae eicelelalsisiccie cies cle delere » n/t 9,839 barrels. . 34,436 Cg Late Teen RES AE a do A a fe en 8 boo Ae ed UES Td Smmpes 8 Co jeeearestes 1,430 ree lela te Sie eletat yes ans ioio is shes astro es ces hs 4,645...do.... 27,876 Sh isce core aocb popes bodpO ea A6 8 Nob Coens cess 6 21, 246.) do... : 21,246 Si iss 22 pce 6 hoe og sua Gae a pore our coun cance 10,200 bags.... 1,275 Railroad iron.....+.... acd oassegddsveceedsocosess PT elG tors: <-- 81,700 [hay og poh Se aoa tee eG enemas cian 564 kegs.... 1,692 PEDRAESEBME tae elele oni ope woe wiela anleiale 0 eels vie wise oicie iss » aie 340 cords... «1,610 (DL 1k+- 5 Sce boone eebtk tees ob soon Gauooborends 66,533 pounds.. 6,653 Lo BPS Be obBuge kei Jbee 6 Ses Aas dares: 570 tons.... 1,995 Totaly... =. Sec oe tas Sek eGoesne oo seboe SGesactaoraodnee 1,979,913 128 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Shipments coastwise at the port of Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1851. Articles. Quantities. Value. IRIs is) asa 'bvn cl echlaiembe yew ohekeln leialotava ae 'o'avehaboieiale 486 208 Doe $145,890 ESOIPHEI Rete". 1's) om oicile'a/s «(ephelesstolaniatele\cieassiele Site lotetobotensiata 989) 062)...d@ornre 123, 633 BSED EG 6 sae sce tere ee eet eee ae eee Ly 416, 695.0 nae 85,001 MEG IIGT. os, 6 ere selate ein etuayars Scesie ate mM aovel's' «imine isieatere avace 19390 .,. (dO. acre 4,849 Stareliss .. 2. se oe ee mee a Ao |e 0 am miwierne's wiexne eisisere s @ she 2O2 S706) sdo Dk. 6,162 Stowmesiagd hollow Ware so. ce clo. ose els ~wlelelnareicle«/« she 1,071,694...do.... 37,539 Trans bax, SC... - 2-0-2 2.-s Ag cacti oGb aches 4cbc 720, 672...do.... 21,620 Merchandise and sundries...........-.seeeeeeees+-| 2,876,000...do.... 1,100,000 Sees) cet ns ritaa ls ns sinistmitceentan melee 351,985...do.... 12,319 GIESSTAITE.08 Up (656 8 CBORD OOO Udo GC cab ohare aaeae 221,514...do.... 51,206 OiFcake........... onbadhodoo Gos. amis esos a0 cole 116,000... do. 2. 696 OO cheat li raialcin (ein jepl eis 016) elaiisielonialelel olen ciaiscicreicya\sctale ls 37,450...do.... 7,490 SSM ALIIS orgs «slain ei ae aicie|+ ov ses «lnrie.0)n 0) s/sinieios 0 (e)aie//6)a) 9, G62. ..do... 483 HAG oia'a'e = “Sh Ad boo oadboscb wena bdo b ood jis ooo. 30,959...do... 1,857 Malt..... leibsed Anans sdogeronedede ae CHOICE 77,800...do.. 3,112 PMV ii2) is s\e.clale siete «cm 0/0 Sbbadoudsooboomac Seoob os 31,700...do 2,536 Fire-brick Son ddeodcE aot aac hes ecb aida Sie cents 620 SOMEIGS obo doo vcs snodds soe dab od oobe SS dadsbo pes 621... «don. 1,552 OSB abe s capac stones es adone oe! sla) nalelete te nvere Me eae « 14,389 bushels. 7,194 ORE o CUOOUOU 560 60 6 UOUBO UO Ee MOo ood a 5 bas Sees S Sr 54,041...do... 16,213 Barley... scccecscsecss Son bono SbenboescsoAoiatode 11,822...do.... 5,911 Duied fruits. .... 0... Len aiais volar chal svsishatehaevagemaictaie ieee me 894... sd ma 1,788 Peyote s reece EN Miah Aha be Mtl Mtn Uitte ali 10,442...do... 5,221 COR [Hasse sbombe codes abso ds ebodas 35h ces ne ine 82,000. .tons.. 228,000 TARA OTI Ae os «arin of notte miners ole © on ene ie nibs) eiveaslefe one 944.,..do.. 23,600 Railroad spikes..........e.00- AES OBIE SS Sage ode dk 356...do... 21,360 UTES OC AIG ROSE Cn HE Ar OO eonCne OO DAN CoB noe 110 barrels. 1,100 Widerie ce cece SE AG HEG 5 SU ae Me So MAB NE BEG oes 200. 0@n alae 618 Bios, sepals acjele seysie Biiatteeuslech«/ec\sicharoyeisiare’enie else's HOQsjaido.... 1,760 Rye flour.. Eo Ride Gms iota ch aig cane soccansor S12. 2 ence 2,436 Flour, “fancy” PSOPISASOOAC AROS Soe sions ed 15237. G0. cer 5,566 Wittiskey a... ch ans asieps Soe oe seqaLcnoese Sb codec 1,430. ..do... ..- 8,580 PEIMGS TMi weeks ce vie wie tinge bate SIR aia tarsio ise e (etapa od caratale 1, O18 ncd@accrats 2,036 RAGSONWATLES:. 2 < otoio.c,« sale sie opiais Soe tisc0 8 a cueheeiolaeu sions 608. « «dO a. 3,948 MADE Sie alers'e oe sis cist tecue var b EAS Reo Ade Gaede O Bibs bbe 323..casks.. 12,920 Wa TS shox. ead efels'n\iajes o) Hhbvostod ne 5 6B bn ieeaieiehevors 6,097. .kegs... 24,388 PERMIT 100 ijco lesen, sl aiaxajekiay bein raaieStauesbich aia! s/s) sxe ose -| 12,699), (62. .-feetens 128,997 MO ee se ie sie eb sie ve ayn AUG ap cle ae sites hols ee eetoet 931, 990. sO ose 33,248 Bale gos fete cistolemerg Bens eaess ioh05 Sheveeseleeetete aoa & "962 cords ... 524 BERR g i, oaks ee sistahe arc teatate was ofesens Seid acecneiate spaabologe BSRICAS 4,500 reams .. 11,250 Sheep pelts........ sieieiais ofeterei ante 's 06 of Sbacosrawasic "705 bundles . 16,920 REENES esc crue use se diaehagategnre'dhclede s dichavatenctet enacts --.| 1,492,728 pieces... 29,854 Hoop-poles........ tybWoese ao abode Ahad daa OA SAE 198, OU0);< Ae eee 5 ai genes 1S551.—Number of :vesselssentered:. 4:,..0..624 32020 555 1,981 Dosa teks do Jiicleared 40202 22 eee 1,963 An exhibit of the coasting trade of the district of Cuyahoga, Ohio, during the year 1891. EXPORTS. Species of merchandise. Quantities. Value. Wheat. .cesccccesrecccreces sateie « olsaveleiateretinn ys bushels..} 2,141,913 $1,499,339 10 AU pe TE CINE is (aia te le ca! atte latishep (ale): aiere fe alelvei si w sheliel eva tats init isleve Gea Far 906,653 362,661 20 AOE eRe shin a (ae iaeoiv intel mises wavelets ws seialol ale sisie im ala. 6 dower. 68, 464 17,800 64 FIour. . 2c ccccececvece ei vahis ars [a0 io eye) alow cave enh eiaie als barrels. . 656,040 2,132,130 00 POU rieisiate ss © eo -0 elale/enievamojare'lens) «ies e/mavslviveinveiaiais dO... 13,580 190,120 00 Berea ieietotetar ie eins tas (oiahon Ste pae sete sue lain ele “awieiainieia eevee tierces... 15,011 165,121 00 BAGGhh aioteteteecte fe ein ws sars lose) aie te a neleiwid al esiietmie/aniern’s we barrels... 4,428 26,568 00 Dijaridhs soe catmtotieyerele sialan sinye le icin elevele hia sie oly a's sway ale\a ave arals 4,314 69,024 00 GAY) cious otras; ow tn eeue ps aystinurs diplmbeuielejes. wieiel inp = 6 3\e kegs... 8,731 69,848 00 GUILLOM e cise aie sie's Zieteoinn Halas(lale eae iol@eleiin sieeisin cola loi GG. sia. 13,575 122,175 00 EXGUCY v5 g a Vins nips sus alvieve bo ein elb vale sVejalveia'e mee oC OATTOLS» « 967 17,406 00 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 135 EXPORTS—Continued. Species of merchandise. Quantities. Value. High wines....... Brelaaaitte cielesialelepalectelbietell tel oie DONEEIS!. « 24,805 $210,842 50 Whiskeyis. . 2 ose vecsae epi eletetetel opel einiteteieystcpeietteNedoy do.... 13,969 111,652 00 Green apples... ..ccccecssssssccres wlelaGhelleie elaa eels Ora) .is 2,926 4,052 00 Dried apples ...... eeieteveie) « (0: eles a} exeher eels lah soketiotereit don er-= 2,763 22,104 00 Walon ake «0.65 0s 010 Jos cb or mp Soa ner sas o8 scGuads GOs. 1045 660 9,900 00 PEG ee ws oe os nite e.cis.0 00 oo vai oiaieide wise ei sioieiw COG H Alc 7,131 7,131 00 DUG) Re ae VORP oERR Tau a wile no! cho. a Gusradcten tells en ciletaue) or dO oh 1,455 10,185 00 Lad Ca rece Brew iare Grciatyecnmeeee scosot oboe GG)ever: 1,263 37,890 00 Ne cin oe cn nee ee att es eee scene sneccssencns One) 5, 686 34,116 00 SE oo io 6 I ee eS ie mlelvintcichele elohehesiieiclacrelc asses On adc 8,280 74,520 00 EEE ooo ood Soom Gboabo Ube OdegGomUooU los CooudeCOS GOWwiejciis 944 7,552 00 BRE © cise nies ach piece + exis o a craycopetatou ey ok ctel aya casks... 1,830 45,750 00 Ure es cis 2 sctehcfeley' ces oe docs ctitte we saws bales... 26,261 1,969,575 00 Wo ESE. ceo en Scogcorc doumpeennocHogcadacccho boxes... 22,930 45,860 00 = BSE 2) SE GAG 6 Sess Seen eB Oo cco. Sab ceeas dO sje. 8,775 26,235 00 Wado M coc ciwiials Va Uelcl «onic o's «fv asescl osatalerenchsisl oliatls casks... 451 13,530 00 WN SGSE 4 5s Ho Sc Boe sh ee mbessogbesde 5 deg ia.0 -- boxes 40,069 120,207 00 Ree B te wi aiisy es, ofare Seiten cl oyars dine bua RRS See ane do 3,397 10,191 00 PRM diel sore 0 ole ies /eltlae: tyes oes \s ob aidee Syoonacebe- kegs 1,176 2,352 00 UM EEN ee eee ole ety aero! aucie, sa lee! ad wansle leh lale:'s a, <0. svrevs do 27,824 97,384 00 Reaver Pert eey oo) oa: sins astteyes ticie! ocka. «slag enecardsieheredoraiers do 518 1,813 00 TTL LES. 2 So SRG eh Bcc DBS SUMO OU Hebe cern OOOe boxes 2,350 14,100 00 PUSS tate to oss SOc co de aeae afebphoreycietiete eo opene les do 125 1,500 00 BE PCGIO Pes cheisi vlo loco kA ack aly. ose oo ead atahereciictciirer cuca do 149 2,235 00 SRG AMD 1 cic) ele ren. Cleese aie;'s\oysie's. died a nate Stina lavaptne ds do 1,600 12,000 00 MEG ACCO Ri. cicic «oso « teeter JB pao ororc oo OR AcE oF hhd.<. 803 28,105 00 TEROGMIFCOFN ... 6 co by bie’ Ror anor came .-bales... 650 7,800 00 he ne ee OF) ars Ane Re iach se ctonseae 2,681 160,800 00 Peg HMMM sens. ia 418 ia AIS ks whine co: 6 ave, dhe we NH bm o.% spor eve dO e).o- 1,515 45,450 00 REMI ow ccc 6 A Bakafaih so os oo a alee SSRI Winvass” ue Oicisii- 2,674 13,370 00 PEE take. < aloe se oie wick roe coc ueadeboocescdc dann do 1,956 5,877 00 MORE eka) hak) ssc MEIN ores ch vaeie! a9) arshive SUPocala, oi (eibeeierd do 81,500 224,125 00 fvermed Copper .. .. 232.1. 56. Shays MORSE ero 6 8 sieve dors « ar 101 38,380 00 MIERGLIE® lise BO Soe SRE Sean mae -aeeOe dois 160 1,920 00 RUGERE WY 2 este se) e es hice o sionlo tie uO Bde ae elere'a casks 1,294 64,700 00 MOONE ea oi'g Bevel a Me teers: ui asia « 66.0.8 Soo vio oo M feet 1,116 10,044 00 Wratnut.t.... 2. BAPE Eva's b ajah ogee si aWAe IM epeiaucie. cals do 165 2,310 00 ERE pet halos tee Bho Sake ulstiel siblsieaiia Mela dale M feet 789 14,202 00 NE 22028 so PIR Th 55 ss 4s cao Beiuas MIS Mor Od sian rolls 2,613 78,390 00 Sree BETG CE SCLEDINEUIIEO Uf so: acca <)e-c Slew aleldyers se « oxasyepekoove aie 644 3,864 00 UOMENURHEEM yar he te Loeb iclesy see sue o os aac gallons. . 155, 148 12,411 00 PC DULGRS, 2 bios aie Atco eel Oa mee anne sacks... 920 32,200 00 Fer S yetorormrasiarcts avextensiststsicleh bias # ss)0 ss:0.0.0 = 5 pieces... 4,447 13,341 00 RG EERE ee Cees Soca dress eked «Ghote ates os bales... 886 22,150 00 LOU PESTEL As bs UN tees oe, oe em ne ea Miss)e2 159 3,300 00 “A PURLTCEE TSI Ee aa a CO A reams... 7,616 26,656 00 Bien eee Ailsa c 8S avegh uae Sits aie cl cease bse 8 sees INOse be 80, 000 400,000 00 PONCEB EU MO MS Dal eetciales ee lec hale sc ela eee alae sealers Dh dow 6,604 69,342 00 BUSS tener, Peter ets) oohhs cinjs desea ein dui lee, Movobtalsiai stadia « s dower 630 50,400 00 AD Ul yea oie ker ace atone niet anetausvera) val ovesehel asters a eysiane weed Oman 2,889 86,670 00 RUE ESD tape evetete o/ eV slot Col e/a) Greyls! sf ave clcliene: cis 6/iei sie & o> dOjyeret 6,220 12,440 00 PMG CLISY sects ta oat AGN Hea MORIA lulls Sad draeiseae's WSs dower 5,300 530 00 2 USNS SOULE TS Bi ie eh oe a tae eo do 169 2,539 00 BMH oss cfoualee, tetany oe ees a ies eine bike. Gia 6% bales 307 5,335 00 PUNE Tso) sr enelan! Aenopeee et ee ae ee WL se Gh 46 5 Wald 9 8) ilo a ali iG Gotu cho oie Grae 80,000 00 Merehandise: 60 ve v5, <0, ll ieee Baehbs braevnis oi iouasiainid ce tons 3,681 2,944,800 00 Lotal value. <.3) acs Watetarakalcs/ais:ialis in o's ole rene Weal waral sav eie ave sia\'s: ele 12,026,497 00 136 ANDREWS’ REPORT ‘ON IMPORTS. Species of merchandise. Quantities. Value. Peet RAS SEUSS os olieve Dube oiRhy Se wile wd tale A abfelle o's ausyeDATECISc 90,607 $90,607 00 Water-lime.......- Beh Waves ect tuahousebetsiess whenod Ay [a 8,383 10,478 75 Bae SI. os 3 cases ata es cc's Syahid aittoeateleiee! see apiece. 22, 994 144, 911 00 Migraer 22 5 as. «cbs BOR Rt o 5;c/e8is siekdianyeiogsehona a M feet... 12,263 122) 630 00 Shingle-wood .......6. Ereeeyous Biobietatte fo bore oe cate cords... "929 8.361 00 Shingles....... > ARGCAMRMR ate leas ies) atloyen ie eiietercmuex Ronis os IND 30 3,988 8.975 50 Railroad iron......se.eeu es Red Sova So toneeed 7,383 366,650 00 Riailioa diepikes arises les sie cc 20 510) eyersioie yaa aaa S Sc kegs... 4. 666 27,866 00 Stoves.62.- 0... eee Kee bamaden ocean ee No 3,210 00 Pion Sy. ...<- betaine 5 ciao dln cy colo ateraetabey a tobekaveys tons... 19, 768 00 Bearing oo 2 scvate edhe BEc ais ava roles avaleia aot ihe corals siete Orion 20,990 00 Gastesis .... 0. Bee enetehecho r= eve yeeeieieciale HAngepcsees Mie arc 9, 660 00 Crude plaster.........<. HESmoSaGHOs Kock once aoe re dOs'.,» = 4,236 00 Bloonviron...... ...%. cS hs Ea EE Pa Acero rey as doesvere 10,600 00 Lehigh coal...... sears a Secnogcroad. - 4 Seattle doen 6, 168 00 Copper ore....... JObicn GUN OD DRO Dons sa: ac eeindase NGevonr. 285, 250 00 Mbairiale). (Shs ac. <. ciclo. Semetepeies s\o.6 cutis, wo aketeetaNexes ao 1e)'ete lO eyeii- 49) 455 00 LOIRE SRG BIGOOa0 Hideo Jou ORDO ote Bo" J0o 0 8oe barrels. . 14, 144 00 SSA ols ssiciereres c have Na oais'o s ielaietabesvede a5 do 86,394 00 POP ARs: clas ceo ces ee 55. bee HPO OEE O Maso ene .. luhds 50,375 00 BOWER, Go «vic a. sola « cle tie cele 0s 0) te aie m inxs eines ee kegs.. 28,625 00 INgileBe hE... 5 3 5 aby orateteh es Riadins coun ionsy aie aout Bee cieseie feds do 10,430 00 White lead Bec ea aeeraiele Bie sucssaciony ae do 13,254 00 ieee Se i iiclavs cides Meta eies es odaiends pic eevee eaan-e sides 13,650 00 Bea thier (is cccue e702 058 dick sietetelacnetots ah bisirs tate fo heck rolls 33,600 00 Daieyisalte.. 3. «. BRIE rai elishvos ole ther gritV entero Sapsie a sacks... 5,194 70 Wpareetealt.s. «.c «sich « Sas. lassie ieielayease Meena ais Js sbarrelse. 2,078 75 Shoes, fickle. «2 acre ESS voriaS cacoe pein Oe a ee boxes 19% "700 00 Blane). 54... sie niecta EW Bias. ) yaa einen! SBR (2. alalh ye A ee 82,671 00 142 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Canadian trade in 1851. Duties collected. Imports—In American vessels. .... TOOLGOO) | x aca. hee ee $2,244 In British vessels........ 18,769" - : . eee 3,015 VY Otale ic eae pokey Halas apace T1628. eee 5,759 [* In this is included 2,286 tons of railroad iron imported via Que- bec; duty paid on 758 tons, $9,076; balance, 1,528 tons, in bond. There was imported into the district of Sackett’s Harbor, in British vessels, not included in the returns, 2,045 tons 6 cwt. 1 qr. 19 lbs. rail- road iron; value $49,476 31; duty $14,842 90.] ii xports——In, American vesselss.). 5. -o. boo. Shee eee $33,239 In: British vessels...) 406s ba 65,849 99,088 121,672 bushels of wheat included in the above ; the whole amount principally provisions. Total imports and exports—In American vessels........ $90,098 In British vessels. 352 22e2 84,618 Mota oe Sle Bee a se 174,716 Tonnage. Inward. Outward. American vessels..... 4 steam 1,494 ....10 sail.. $1,396 53 sail... 4,760 .... 3 steam 336 British vessels....... 2 steam. 280 .... 9 sali wea 15 sail... “746 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 143 Imports coastwise into the district of Sandusky, Ohio, during the year ending December 31, 1851. Species of import. BT erelaAGISE oo c0s csisjew mse cs Express packages.. - Railroad iron...... cumeen sss sole see : Spikes........0+ peloiientel dsivicvlelnie's wa csv s ecceee Machinery........ ecesceses : Stoves and castingS...++.sesse . Pig iron.....seeesees Shwe e'civinejcieies!« oe ane aie . SPPMETCSOELEK o\e 2 ce cise ayevcic co ces ens s ccs ccne ace Sheet iron..... pec cceeues oe 0016 8 ode now wisiviens es Nails. ........ Welsh noj0.vines Salviesie aye or ereinie, eulojereunts Pa PUALG. 2. 05s. sete cee eeisid s,s Senso coe Threshing machines.......s.sccecccsesccceecs Steam-engines and boilers.......--.eseserees : Scrap iron....eceeees eiejaeie seeiel selene <0 Shel jevelel= Locomotives .......+ ARES AR cibe plciia = a/atiavatatatatehs Flax seed...... wi 4) =| nolsialeleta sieve) « Graldiaie/ae sei evakeloyereta Hickory nuts....cesceccseccncsescoscescsecene Express packages........see Bee tele ce tatal eeteieteer= Flour... ..6.seeve petavereleteh ie) on eae) cileis, wltelaiieto Noh fetter: Whiskey .. 2. csr cccccccccoccccereccsscc essence High wines..... enjekein wlacr siete Wis) © ener Se) 0) 0 mele ts nies Alcohol........ Monee (one ahcagecnmoacacra55e Beans ...ccesvcccccsces siaskorein seine) alole)sieiiic to iaVats BIS. acc scces soe ee Ree pa atin Gabon ess a MO FAMBETLIES .\< dacu.c- = myatateits fo fe Sweet potatoes.. IREDES. OU. cle cree Wo) acta ehoho ns alefeetolsiols avalon etatatentck Apples, ZTeen..csecsceecrrccccerece oiisis, wietoraital ets @eeseeereeevoee*#seee eG te eee ee te eo eeee Do.. . dried ecexvecesece eecoceees eoocceeesseeveeer Bah étios, OTICO Rs yer ce's wake ejalenla Ria bie boone Mon Ie Mleathersi. oc dita éwuslepcanckons Ie tis Ws ve « diratateg eacturaye Wool .....-e00% Sia ele Loheael ale ailel etal afetais/ ale!) <) te ely mete WRC ES OVA Misses ow chclala ot cleharm ara cverastic erovwie le ea aie! ae telewoielte Ginseng ae: (in rolls).. (unfinished). . atetotelah' =) alele soa zeae sfayele wiWie ice een Mik kala el One Oke an Aa eRe eRe oie svlaneeie a tate tiavete Merchandise. .wcecc ses eis's% t avatai Aone ola act m isete'ee Oil-cake... ecce @andles... ... ule « coverere:e cod occeag dade acu abce wtete @Worn-meal ....'. dossaee 3 8,100.5: dort saan 247, 026 .:.°.):do 17.8 F SOT 252 20 etait 113 haul CHI 549,046 pounds..... 187,100: ¢2idonss= ser 2 SOS «:<:2 Joe serene 138 ,,425.\.: )sdois tate tote LOADS cicinik 2 ele eaters Oar iaaeitatere ce =x Ly 3ek > sbarreles cc 425 M feet..... OG 7R+ IME Stee dete HOG dota dd arectate oe 1,035 bundles. 54. ssedote sees 1084s. 0.502 eae 411: bushels:. << 20,156 pounds..... 6 barrels 49.» tons: .¢ Fiee% 197.2 .db. cee LL . «downs ate 3 batrels. scan 306 vs xOOaneue ‘ 2,046 M feet..... O52... doe ccaens Value. 513,004 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 145 Exports coastwise—Continued. Species of export. Quantity. Value. Shingles 65. sees esses eevee dec es cess tens cae DSO NES gutese cers $1,325 ONO odie ona So: Sei0ls.c\p or)c sel iciessin'us > 0 elo L, OG83. tons 19,224 RGM e ca ntesnewinte Cli enis +4. sc ae oie sir tie'e''sc one OUT sais oave se 60 aire srt ta Saye fi zye: dic sale Gisiorns! a'd aieine,alele we PAD Ura ch i enacts deel ate 480 Buggy Wagons.......-...seessersrecccesscces Oeiecuie/awiais bs alebe 175 Flagoing stones... ...--.ce.esceccerescsusccees oF ini i is (2) FR OPA 3,000 PMR ELGOR C55 oe. herele ee c lon wise aia Elser 1,000 -< tons’ v2.2 b% 8,000 Stoves and fUrniture <2. oe. ce edits we pee aiees 150 <2 0505 sci. s 10,500 MMO IANS or cle. as Gio [a acini oyu. wo cian ge as eraiceie ie & 3 (DOKESIies os 0 50 MER re ieleta(ae Cece oe eee 2 alana cae e's Minin +0 A PDO Me cries pa 30 EP erie tue Oe nhs gc Scio; cils ion Sope wae ohaine = Dy Oll COTASiE « sfo'n's 3,409 Er Ieee c 0S ce wf aroca aren. of or jmie siwrevoce id 1,494 barrels..... 8,735 MOC EOI aic.5 c fio c's it e's cia ss Wn ae severe s Sos Oo 159,000) owes eee see 1,390 er esi ioipre tt slcze Siess © cs'e nceiw.et ay oriaieie oe Sa. istieks.20.752 175 BRST TII GS io nas hdiao sieicu <0 mists bichoobi ae sian crac D) “barrels: .\. )a/s/ny\a\0 6. oataile'cisl aie’ stiaie siostolt gallons. . 16,650 1,665 MESO aie ietni.o'ta's ofp! eile edie’ « 'w.slas, 4 ais fo-aiece'e los macbook boxes.. 3,249 6,498 RENAE tide. da aanlieiiwin Sin inten ails’ sie laje\ oh sign i'm aetegeeeetels Ho..: 2,898 7,249 BPR rere ls his) sl %ey Wisllay aja’ (5 covet!’ o ee-c arene anne bags.. 647 9,058 SUA oe air 0 Rain Selene (ey siciad dhanerotr Reash's in/2\ay cuore ayote barrels. . 3,900 | 70,200 TRIM cid) ac net's ca, biow alms piaunalssei's edie iuielele gallons.. 13,380 47,888 ED Leh ole \o Ves) 8 hays 'p Seal aol Wa a0 8 olan alle, te pounds.. 33,810 5,071 ERIGQCr BAIS 5 bs 0's ny epee sa esi odes owed number. . 16,380 | 2,293 HopRisies oi6 ae eT bactniva brah Gace afetoa’ at arauei eG bales.. 93 | 2,760 Powder..... Bletlofa Aste‘ otim edlorvata 4 ated vistoorerau.d « kegs... 20, 242 80,968 Spirits..... Wee ere eis oN eye vl es SGU leg val barrels... 481 26,455 BN Sire biie nkiuate vv Su NE eh at do.’ 2 132 3,960 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 149 STA TEMENT—Continued. Articles. Quantity. Value. Candy 2.02 cccrccavcescceneccsscecctecnans boxes.. Ota $2,031 Apples, green. 2. 00s. versie ccsecccrncs -.- barrels. . 6,364 12,728 Applesidny. <<. sscceme- SSiiiale, dwn wi areal angst bushels. . 1,215 1,823 Barley.....- Ete ie sans GouNYetave Watts af'ck & low dsuaters doit... 27,505 13,752 WV eet aie ici a0's, =/s once SSA SOAS aie Sato oak dps Ai 3,672 2,295 PNP ADECCO. © sc: duleiy'e ons.a'e e000 eiake oltehane ore barrels. . 1,554 9,424 Waterline: ..... 5 oi ice ieee s\eneteye «cies a Ses. 31: 1,828 2,742 Ee eee as clatelace son's wibiin melee su vie sii, o/c i>, 6 Oras, « 467 467 WY fetish and trOUbsis) oe sie: be 's oe oie e! wfelncislaie do... 10,499 73,493 EMRE ele wietalovic vin 15s 0 sas, oie 00 v's » A Sees do. 150 1,800 Saye Te a arin amine do 102,032 107,032 SEC Ge Ss Been wilersio SiGvsicrc hm ste a euayy bags 79,080 9,885 CATED coos t= ox 0 sss Gls aaateiieis ejsje in cetera te igeasteys rolls... 1,110 33,300 Boots and shoes ........6. Ces ois os telasae stole man cases.. 6,098 243,920 Wihiewledd: ).02.. . ic. 2 6 sb nee doer Paes kegs... 1,837 6, 429 Coal, bituminous. ......... beet eeeeeeree eee « stONS, «| 1,829 7,316 Pe A oo iwie eel ake » efseie ajois so). ey atee) agevobatte tons, . 770 9,775 Eri oree ee acest. toc cue Sues) iep oye so ws oe obs alee number. . 220 44,000 TW arouse is’. «2. -, mieieP seks Biehl hoi sia) oleh acehenyeyate te don. 43 2,580 REECE SEG je)'o 1015 |cj 0 oe,0 /sfulae ove 0 wy eio a Svielmiaiiots do... 33 6, 600 Puaule@athy PASSE OCT CATS + 12 seis be o's Se oes ols cue sce do... 10 20,000 Do... locomotives...... petapate! avkots) seiccueleaaals do...| 20 160,000 Dow freicht cars....... SS OMOES op condo cs ee: dois «) 150 71,250 Mnreshiam@ima chines... <6. sies6 200 00.0 oe vee ears dol. 61 16,775 i Be) oss 076) occic) v.65 nda d bbe aes 50 bo ea alecn dons do... 75 15,000 Prom: siies.iie.- . 2:0. Satstayer soecteselecreioiela «lcs cp Nayar do... 22 2,750 Houselieldecoods.... «.,sic s0:<'s ejeain » guises packages... 1,528 12,224 PRT ete ta ta aie /e os 'sels 3% Batiels wielesl= oe altnataiea tons.. a Loe Te 63,972 Grittdstanes S63). o/s. ses BONearage eet ake (elem ome number 1,054 697 gee ee aloes ae, jo. eh rai Js 9.6) on a. 6 saan. fate - -feet 11,837,747 142,052 RMPHOTES lee c0.0 son.» «/0 SHAG SES OOS A Goed Aone M | Yi 15,693 Dadi Nsea eels 0 9's EE ry Sep cle aC eee number 2,569,715 6,423 BA NO aye 2a ee oo wn) sishwinddare’s sUatieratelefen tine: feet. 1,000,000 7,000 LETSES snk (AES IN Siete Ce em Pay head. .: 01 6,060 WU AOR ete al al cide cea b's we'll idee Cie aes role cries doses! 29 9,075 Stee 5 es a Masel sos crbaBie isl oo, en ra'eiuio ves sgaherohars dow... 221 A, 426 HOPS eI OUS in. 5 5 on ls 6 eleipfel noises eies'e os ce packages. .j.-eees. Aa ae 1,910,000 IMEEM et pes ord) n'la SPoPeIs awe oe’ co 6 eeuclerbsaieiocs sala e's 6 «se. s niseisie te es 17,759 Moree Cass fics ah ote be isis a sisrbls: state echo « jd cloeaas: Sstossodee 22,987,772 Statement of the principal articles, their quantity and value, exported coast- wise from the port of Toledo during the year ending December 31, 1851. : Articles. Quantity. Value. MN ea tecie ops enjolls, mrelanic a anchen sate! clante the Sis, Ve bushels...) "2775149 $1,110,017 Waa ge, ote n aceon aria oss Ele ceesecerevesvceees GO...| 1,639,744 1,082,231 TESTING ae aes oo) oer eke a ee E ie ln ngei se ae se barrels. . 242,677 849, 369 Bea COUa a wil arash Salsa Rake siete ee wis wiel a chad acters casks. . 14,150 706,910 PMMA ches als: ecielin, pee vOh a ie eatiohe ee yates sine a. < number.. 4,096 5,898 ee ee ee barrels | 38658 502,554 Tie Bs es VR ae, Ra do aetoae 434 , 640 lds. ionpgie sts each is do : 6078 | 182,340 ET es aS eA i BG hi OE number. . 93.547 | 117,735 Ime CARIC. adg o osie Fd eS CR ee eee ilo? : 744 22,320 Luive Morses ete hg bel een SOR . hile 22 dox.2 301 27,090 Liyeeiicepe, 63.5) ci Gees de oaeeneen ete hint tels ste eves doin’. 1,759 3,518 Beef..... Ree aR ibe aii i ae ole barrels. . 7,296 69,312 PaMOW ers sts OY, oh nea e ee east ce tae e's do...! 1,884 28, 260 150. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON STA TEMENT—Continued. Articles. Quantity. Value. MOTOASE Rs bale bop Sie cistne a bisa ate epra ata aineta tae Ce pounds. .|’ 396,400 $19,820 Primseed Ole ches Claieln c wistentere alia al oheaittaveneie barrels. . 147 3, 822 Oil-cake ........ sie svele iphchbuaval elas eo sum ete Garett cLOUSEns 3,026 45,390 BRAS ig aiecese sine 0 oh one rewione Maher sie wicca eeteie number. . 7,125 OT 37s Sheep-pelts..... Boba iatetes Bieta clens'et she ee Ui eae OaMesies 193 5,190 Parsi(@stimated)) 62 elec esc eset eon wit cc cee cs ash eps fe jsieteanie te media alee 105,000 Qatar iathiaieinle cidis sistecisieseistcbigle oie eta pcre bushels... 64,441 19,332 Beans ..... Prelanieiar a ares (e Reratee aeote ee eten S'S ehereete iene do... j99 398 Barley....--.- Ho allay GN gee isis a at UENO OL Li nce 675 337 CE RERITO AG ec he suite, allel ein wicle's lode lekeie. 4 eke sudelistlers ata bags... 814 1,321 SSBC Oe tahetcl scree wie « sieleie ectsciete ese We ale iovontetetatate barrels. . 4,856 29,136 Potatoes........6- olofoe shel eielefen aie elas -..--bushels.. 17,796 8,105 Cramberries. .. cose ciaes eve cionciesssce ee esDarrels, . 678 4,068 Gipee reese viel s\a'e niche ess olaieslee Selsieilerateietolards te boxes.. 768 2,304 PRUE ee es cians close ofa''s 01 aiarslalelu'a iste nels othe eA KEGIS: 3,119 37, 428 Candles........ ai elgise aiaesre mine (a leasielastete se DO XERa 2,454 12,270 Beeswax...-s..eees Wits sutehtocsiat Aaa O oN SO pounds.. 36,200 9,050 Higgs ..seee SOI ASO O HON awed oo sd sb ovdc .- barrels. . 568 3,408 Fish duanerotwayede ove)s SHOWS DSO ociA iced 40 he dO): 325 2,275 SUISHe Sg AYRE OE MBE Or abe oe Sota Sion eee hogsheads.. 758 56,850 IVGassesiog sie} cicieis\cic sere cise ss « AGA Ane oie barrels. . 388 3,432 Wise a's ans = 0 allalal ovata leliel cite! a/eialte (sl ajeatatel amet bushels. . 130 97 POAC CO ohio ele wale, ala\mo'n c/s pibs) nlacieicia\e\sa) cats hogsheads. . 1,216 42,560 ODAC oo we oa en oe Sebo elelaehelateteves ales - boxes 1,953 23, 436 POPUL Sctelo ls wise oie «een eee e)ala\aln uo0/e\e\ sem ip/ete a casks... 21,934 186, 439 Leather. .... shin oases * elesia ela a0 @ calal'p wininetatels cles rolls... 2,642 79,260 Wool oo cie inne mielaeletete/alcels ole elas) apalepetn)ehelerols bales... 2,839 212,925 Feathers . 2.2.0.2 SOAS EES SEARO BR Gsicid sein 6 do.. 1,090 38,150 CCGERORM. cc o's «o's, © «'s See et elale aetatea iatcetere Ballets ate do.. 394 3,940 BYOOMECOIN : «6. os 2ale bcsinc ce enisecierssstsceess do 156 1,872 Hempy ee se cmieniins Gah BOR AE SSBB ose sara do 725 10,875 Ashes......00.6 Sraiphacheteieye ea aie a telerieds ota casks 4,847 121,175 Prcnmben ne colo 2 o/ Mewlaleremie ete ion talateleleetaietarete M feet 2,134 32,011 Staves... ...scecesessess Aosecaragevenesngaceds M.. 2,004 62,621 INNES. ooo docs Boedtiees hoa sO ao As dota pounds.. 31,453 943 Pe GOH a Pel. sielcin « cieclainiar’s saleic « one) ajele bis oitbtin rolls... 1,669 5,841 LO AGES US ASA a MAREE CPR Ae -- mumber.. 23 2,300 Varnish..... Ral elievatsic tela aisle islps missle sala) et alwitase barrels. . 96 4,368 Peppermint, O10) Ole) so). wise sia's'c ce'< aie, 0/ teialewiale pounds 400 500 Wlerehamdiges: 1. sleice cise. kiss’ ars'etn cleats sieieten amines dares. 403,513 161,405 EGESS | TOOESS. aialeie)ssa10\o/aiels ain:ioi a) ei aieay ee aC GIES ilitaete ele ele) cele tstetetaieis 917,500 Sundries)... 3.44. suelidulevelevs aniolale Soaealods Sob se don 9,081 302, 800 Wash-boards........ Weaghaiaidialaiaieberaves aie veld aeteanne dozen.. 785 2,355 Mata LW DLAUG erratic s tia cio, sieeve sini at relsteleieis Uperialaletelaibieve ate AE SOA ee 7,847,808 No. 14.—Distrrict or Derrotit. t Port of entry, city of Detroit; latitude 42° 20’, longitude 83° 02’; population in 1830, 2,222; in 1840, 9,102; in 1850, 21,019. The district of Detroit has the most extensive coast-line of any lake district not bordering on Lake Superior, and embraces all that portion of Michigan known as the Southern Peninsula. Commencing at the western line of Ohio, it extends thence northerly along Lake Erie, up the Detroit river, Lake St. Clair and St. Clair river, to Lake Huron, up that lake northwestwardly to the island and straits of Mackinaw, and southwardly, with a little westing, to the Indiana line, not far from the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. , 151 head of Lake Michigan—a distance, following the sinuosities of the shores, which does not fall very far short of a thousand miles. It has fifteen ports, none of which have any present importance, with the exception of Detroit and Monroe; although itis more than probable that within a few years several of them may rival the most promising harbors and ports in the West. There is, probably, no State in the Union which surpasses Michigan in its commercial advantages, or which, if properly fostered and developed to the extent of its vast internal re- sourees, it will not ultimately equal or exceed in all the actual realities of progress and prosperity. She has more natural harbors, involving but little expense or labor to render them available in all seasons to all classes of shipping, than any other State*bordering on the lakes. The extent of country enclosed within her extensive coast-line comprises 39,806 square miles, some of it the best and most fertile land of the West, watered by numerous lakes and streams—many of the latter navigable, and very extensively used for lumbering purposes, which is the principal occupation and interest of the inhabitants of the northern section of the State. Among these rivers are the Raisin, Huron, Rouge, Clinton, Black, Saginaw, Thunder Bay, Manistee, White, Maskegon, Grand, Kalama- z00, and St. Joseph’s—the six last named flowing into Lake Michigan, and the rest into Lake Erie, St. Clair, and Huron, and the Detroit and St. Clair rivers. Although scarcely one third of the above area is under successful cul- tivation, yet Michigan is already known, throughout the country, as a large exporter of the choicest wheat and flour. It may indeed be said, without tear of contradiction, that for two seasons past the quality of Michigan wheat and flour has been, on the average, equal if not supe- rior to that of any other State; her exports of flour amounting to 500,000 barrels, and of wheat to 1,000,000 bushels, in round numbers. Monroe, the easternmost of her ports, is a terminus of the southern Michigan railway on Lake Erie, about 40 miles south of Detroit, and is situated at the lower falls of the river Raisin, with a population of about 5,000 souls. There is a daily line of steamers connecting it with Buf falo, and the harbor is accessible for vessels of the largest class. Unfortunately, no special returns, showing the commerce of Monroe, are at hand. It is, however, a point rapidly increasing in importance, and must be eventually the depot for a very large amount of trade. The returns from the district of Detroit, which have been received, show the coastwise business only of that port; so that Gibraltar and Trenton, on the Detroit river; Mount Clemens, on the Clinton river; Algonac, Newport, St. Clair, and Port Huron, on the river St. Clair; Saginaw, on Saginaw bay; Thunder Bay islands, in Lake Huron; Grand Haven, St. Joseph's, and New Buffalo, on Lake Michigan, are all of them un- represented. This is a circumstance deeply to be regretted on several accounts. These are the outlets of the principal lumber regions of the western States, and supply the prairies of Illinois, as also St. Louis, and other southern cities, with nearly all their lumber and shingles, besides send- ing vast quantities to Detroit, Sandusky, and Buffalo. The St. Clair, Sandusky, and Maskegon lumber is as extensively known in the West 152 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON as being of superior quality, as is the pine of Canada to the eastward. Again, these portions of the district are so very rapidly increasing in im- portance that their influence will ere long cause itself to be most sensibly felt in the commercial cities of the West. Lastly, there is still a very large tract of public land in various parts of this district, in the hands of the government, for the most part well watered and well timbered, which sooner or later will become of immense value. | In past years these government lands have been trespassed on, by persons engaged in the lumber trade, to a very great extent; but the confiscation of several vessels, with their cargoes, has, it is to be hoped, effectually put an end to these depredations. There is a very valuable business also carried on in the ports of Gib- raltar and Trenton, in the shipment of staves; and at Port Huron, Newport, and St. Clair, on the St. Clair river, ship-building is prose- cuted to a considerable extent and to very decided advantage; one of the largest steamers which navigates the lakes, of 1,600 tons burden, with an engine of 1,000 horse power, having been constructed on these waters. In this district are situated the St. Clair flats, the greatest natural obstacles to the free navigation of the great lakes, with the exception of the rapids on the lower St. Lawrence, the Falls of Niagara, and the Sault Ste. Marie. These shallows lie nearly at the head of Lake St. Clair, about twenty-five miles above the city of Detroit. The bottom is of soft mud, bearing a lofty and dense growth of wild rice, with a very intricate, tortuous, and difficult channel winding over them, in many places so narrow that two vessels cannot pass them abreast; nor is it possible to navigate them at night. There would be no difficulty whatever, and but a most trivial ex- pense, as compared with the advantages which would accrue from removing this barrier, in dredging out a straight channel of sufficient depth to admit vessels of the largest draught. Noras there any work more urgently and reasonably solicited from Congress by the men of the West, nor any more entirely justified by every consideration of sound economy and political wisdom, or more certain to produce returns incalculable, than the opening the flats of the St. Clair, and carrying a canal around the Sault Ste. Marie. These improvements would at once perfect the most splendid and longest chain of internal navigation in the world, extending above two thousand 1niles in length from Fond du Lac, at the head of Lake Superior, N. latitude 46° 50’, W. longi- tude 92° 20’, to the mouth of the St. Lawrence river, in 46° 20’ N. lat- itude, 65° 55’ W. longitude. It is not, in fact, too much to say—so imperatively are these im- provements demanded by the increase of commerce, and the almost incalculable mineral resources of northern Michigan—that within a few years they must and will be carried into effect, at whatever cost and expense of labor. Above St. Clair river the first port is Saginaw, situated at the outlet of a river of the same name into the great bay of Sagmaw, larger itself than a large European lake, setting up into the land southwesterly from Lake Huron. This bay, with the exception of Green bay, is the largest in all the West, but is rarely visited by any vessels except those trading directly thither, unless driven in by stress of weather, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 153 since it lies some considerable distance off the direct line from Buffalo. to Chicago. The port, however, imports all the supplies necessary for the lum- bering population, and exports what may be stated, on a rough caleu- lation, at 10,000,000 feet of lumber annually. At the Thunder Bay islands little business is done beyond the ship- ment of the produce of the fisheries; and to what extent these are car- ried on in that locality, owing to the total absence of all returns, it is impossible even to hazard a conjecture. On Lake Michigan, the ports of Grand Haven, St. Joseph’s, and New Buffalo, are places of shipment of produce, and importation of supplies to a reasonable extent; while Grand Haven, Maskegon, and Manistee, are all great exporters of lumber. The commerce of the dis- trict, independent of Detroit, which is the principal depot for the com- merce of Michigan, cannot fall short of $8,000,000, and may exceed it, though it is not possible to state it with precision, for want of the need- ful returns. Detroit, the port of entry of this district, and capital of the county, is a finely built and beautiful town, laid out with streets and buildings which would be considered worthy of note in any city, partly on an ascending slope from the river Detroit, partly on the level plateau some eighty feet above it. The city now contains about 27,000 inhabitants who lack no luxury, convenience, comfort, or even display, which can be attained in the oldest of the seaboard cities, though itself the growth but of yesterday. It is situate 302 miles west of Buffalo, 322 east- northeast of Mackinaw, 687 west, by land, of New York, and 524 northwest of Washington. The river Detroit is, at this point, about three quarters of a mile in width, dotted with beautiful islands, and of depth sufficient for vessels of a large draught of water. The shores on both sides are in a state of garden-like cultivation; and, from the outlet of the river into Lake Erie, to its origin at Lake Huron, resemble a continuous village, with fine farms, pleasant villas, groves, and gardens, and excellent roads, as in the oldest settlements. The soil is rich and fertile; the air salu- brious, and the climate far more equable and pleasant at all seasons than on the seaboard. The regions around are particularly suited for the cultivation of grain, vegetables, and all kinds of fruit; many va- rieties of the latter, which can be raised only with great care to the eastward, as the apricot for example, and some of the finest plums, growing here almost spontaneously. The waters teem with fish, and the woods and wastes with game, which have recently become an article of traffic to the eastern cities in such enormous numbers as to threaten the extinction of the race, and to call for the attention of the citizens to the due regulation of the trade, as regards time and season. Being not only the oldest but the largest town in the State, occupy- ing a commanding situation, enjoying all the advantages which arise from a central position, a magnificent river, and a harbor of unsur- passed capacity and security, Detroit has arrived at a stand of com- mercial eminence from which it can now never be dislodged. The Michigan Central Railroad extends to Chicago, via New Buffalo 154 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ; and Michigan city, a distance of 258 miles; and the Pontiac Railroad some 20 miles to Pontiac. There are also about 120 miles of plank roads running from the city to several flourishing towns, in various rich portions of the State, as Ypsilanti, Utica, and aiiee thriving places. The commercial returns from Detroit are of the most conflicting character; but the following results are believed to approximate as nearly to a true estumate of the actual commerce of the port as can be | attained: Thor s Weoust wae elie jo bows ie A ae ee ar ee $15,416,377 Exports, OG Behe oar Le Let hea ha ARE NA aan ae 3,961,430 He ey 19,377,807 Tr Ports svORel@ My Yo techies ee ag ae ee ($98,541 Hie MOtis Wy AOs (iF hah wh Ole aes” le aa 115,034 Wtal ok te el Pe ERR OYE 213,565 19,591,482 Add the estimated value of the commerce of the other . , POLLS Oy Ne CistMCt SAY be Gy to cpa ea 8,000,000 Total commerce of the district.............--..- 27,591,482 The tonnage of the port of Detroit alone was— Clearances: for 1651.25.20. 2,611 tons 920,690 men 41,931 Witrancesin ieee kag ok Door “ 905,646 (4A otal for (epi. oO 5,193 “ 1,826,336 “83,477 CO ee MOOI: ore 4,420 “1,439,883 “ 64,098 Inerease,; Webbs 773 386,453 BL eMipg S Y0) The entrances and clearances from the other ports cannot be reached, owing to the usual deficiency of returns from this region. In 1847, however, the business of the district was represented as follows, in the various ports, and by these some idea may be formed of their comparative value: COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. | 155 Place or port. Value of exports. | Value of imports. Detroit. ...ceses BOR fol tonle) che Tenlatsi'wave! a (aiotewia) He) e<)6 el $3, 883 , 318 $4,020,559 Monroe... ..-.seeeeeeree Bera ee etre cetera ms aorens 1,139,476 817,012 DU MEMUOM se clpisiaicisic fc es cee cia an 'ee.s coi 2 ones nse piasia'e« 8, 425 66,000 Brest. .). . 0 os's are Peete Aree cerattlials wiate\ ates sola sn trets eat we TOGO IGE aes ks nee coke St. Joseph ........0% eta jshcn state 'e/ slataietsh seh ici arsisi a nfelfol 833,917 517, 056 Grand Haven.....scecccscecscsece Steae) sic eioyer ial stsiete 265 , 068 220, 000 Kalamazoo and Becemiersrs fof Nea aanliet 100,738 60,000 Ports north of Grand Haven.........seesssesrceoes 58,250 45,000 SAGUMAW ven sce ec we ener es croces Crcsiesieiesierete er veses 45,702 18,000 SPREE tee cache cc cals ons ia cleelte'd'ss eee'e'sies She 159, 400 100,000 Nis (OE ne ee ores Deisintdeledaia ols 59,320 30,000 Wer aie sla raiieyno) ae) niel dinelelsi alg, cbie's)s < 6c a cits ~ «asc tons eee aN iay iat als wba Wate deel wteticheet'c(alal sica lolol w-C cis acc al a's boxes ial cies 6 ae Fae DA HOS ay Sa ate beterdc aiale ats tons OMLAS Set asa/ciaidcadtraletacoaietel diets wee. Gate elas eh eubl eons retain 6 kegs eR ares ree a Pee oita el Sr usaties wink che che aol cl edie cuchale Ses ase ws bundles etic it are we eilacp riers ol aikivarnie sige Gaie's.8 number Ewan e inva ale fel wags ov ayo olcetatila! esos hove» Sains (eos ass tons OLS ha RRS ASE AN a ts gS ARE ar nN oo barrels SURAT TI CS rm cata Oki Wee aa) CGA) Prats ose iaal sis. @ oie ovo ¢latara Ouinsie ANd ee AUTTYES, 3.6 on 7a s cusped enla le Taratobis its ee iakd, oe waiecate barrels DEE hs clic hu etal mea eed Meret x emi o ek GIN oh Blin) ose ore ain's bushels AU Rate CA Dg ss ws 0 ha eet vce s Sole eee es Soke ones we barrels... A MAI oa oo Basal RARE eS SR a Sieh oh hd thousand.... WECMEME ALS 2. ius, b a Dadanremintia Meudkeut eke BR tem tofebon oy eeete casks.... ERIS RIMES. «2. o0 « cowia'eia iipiads Soe Sika os asks eeu adel Oa ales PEA eat ato nek 6c dene Soe eee heraia glen sis <:he & Se A DARKENS: « smimele bolls... (.. . +08 « mia pal ve Saas ia) a al miaeis st sm < cords... | Quantity | ) 460,325 30,717 897,719 12,944 8, 445 2,977 1,704 490 4,150 Value. $1,453,596 945,736 618,403 95,888 21,102 178, 620 20,448 158 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Exports from the port of Detroit during the year 1851—Continued. Articles. Quantity. SAMI ye ols e wieis Welere te PR et ee I Ge ALAR NOR ea barrels... . 981 - MIGEALOER is sc 6 Sinn SH lode tele a ee lee rerun Rice anes bushels... 3,518. Whiskey ...eecee. amaetiatin el hay eutietea ta lets Guaeeeatie ia ie whee barrels.... 1,359 RO ATIS os! oie avelss wiias a eel elaetaleter Riese eavetelel ace CS PUM ati le A Oe a chess 179 HOGS co cece ces c cece cc ecues secre ccc ees ceeseees enumber.... IAL Merchandise ....-++.... Selaielaisis sel deletopetenantel 55.440 "580| 48.094) 48.694 17.000; 885.400} 252.400 485.4001 12.439] 497.939 14,515.117| 2, 687.188 |17, 202.800 96.7751" 88.050] 132.825] 3,539.000| 59.225) 2,598.295 426 500 9.500! ° 436.000 88.0001 16.000! 99.090 460.000 6.700} 466.700 “300 “025 "825 ————— —_—_ 84, 041.877] 7,104.89 91, 145.766 a ft gn From Detroit. eae eee cece e ce sew eee ee ees weer ecrecre ee 144 .828| 075) 809.36 101.779 11.016 Se ey ec 251.874 | 782.302 290.523 | 999.731 19.541 12, 361.234 44.982 1, 174.823) 93.176 B67 3.900 820 2, 411.080 ee re rece ce | 15.000 | 88.500 Ce ee i oe ne ; f aan os i Spite hee Bay Ome 2 SSL ae ae e S gaa) ra 5@.715| 194.205 214.055 65.400! 211.859 242.100 Darna Ke eco d 836.966 14.690; 14.090 184.817 239 -989 16.867 4.189! 18.589 35.966 94.597; 94.59 759.418 17.636| 17.636 217.758 7.0901 21.680 143.417 25.484, 26.484] 7,862,881 41.474] 11.474 43.685 2.671; 146.999 148.727 2.868 2.943 110.438 1.265| 810.611 811.111 8.152! 109.931 121.551 913.572| 24.588] 50, 063.724 473.797! 1,583.263} 2.282.948 1.556! 2.086 16.862 445.3941 445.419 818.048 8.055) 3.055 58.648 88.850} 48.125] 1,328.775 22.878; 22.878 111.662 8.904] 1,658.449} 1, 679.891 26.502] 278.87! 846.000 1, 272.130] 2,054.4821 4, 089.467 13.958} 304.491 50.507 10.157} 289.888 272.806 SU ro grnee 19.541 19.541 1, 046.216 '18,407.450| 15,152,432 7.779! 7.779, 1,109.410 97.289} 142.971 210.091 17.515| 1,192.888| 1, 258.465 6.000! 99.176 888. 686 1.798 2.165 108.579 8.400! 12.800 319.80@ 47.703| 48.023} 1, 368.742 14.420] 2.425.500] 2, 480.946 9.366! 416.176 464.800 128.250| 180.750 583.150 3.519 3.519 501.848 318.698} 221.646] 17,528.946 69.213] 627.58 660.868 9,870.060| 9,870.000| 9,870.000 157.518} 162.916] 8, 761.141 11.500| 26.500 462.500 24.000) 62.500 161. 50¢ 85.500! 85.500 502.200 2.775| 87.850 37.676 EE By Soy 129, 887. 782 pa 160 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 15.—Duisrrict or MICHILIMACKINAC. Port of entry, Mackinaw; latitude 45° 51’, longitude 84° 35’; popu- lation in 1850, 3,598. This, which is the most northerly of the lake districts, as well as the most extensive of them all, embraces that portion of the American coast on the western shore of Lake Michigan, from Sheboygan, Wis- consin, 43° 41’ north latitude, 88° 01’ west longitude, northward, including Manitowoc, ‘'wo Rivers, Green Bay, Lake Winnebago, with all its ports, in Wisconsin—embraces Little Bay Noquet, Big Bay Noquet ; the Fox, Manitou, and Beaver islands; the coast on the straits of Mackinaw; the St. Mapy’s river to the Sault; thence west along the south shore of Lake Superior to Montreal river—all in the State of Michigan—and continues thence along the Wisconsin shore to the western extremity of the lake at Fond du Lac; whence it proceeds northeasterly along the shore of the Minnesota Territory to Port Charlotte, on the dividing line between the United States and the British possessions. The entire length of this coast-line considerably exceeds 1,300 miles, following the sinuosities of the shore; and from the isolated situation of many portions of the district, it has been found impossible to obtain full or satisfactory returns. The country bordering upon the great length of coast in this district was partially explored, and even mapped, with sufficient accuracy, more than two centuries ago, by the French Jesuits—those indefatigable discoverers and civilizers, and pioneer colonists of the mighty West ; and from that period it has been at all times more or less frequently visited by missionaries, traders, trappers and hunters, until the pre- sent day, when a systematic and steady colonization may be said to be fairly established, together with a practical and successful develop- ment of its resources, by the cultivation of its productive lands, the prosecution of its fisheries, and the exploitation of its forests and its mines. Notwithstanding all this, there is much ground for the belief that the influence which it is one day destined to exercise on the com- mercial affairs of this continent, though it may be appreciated by a few far-reaching minds, is little forseen or understood by the people at large. The grounds existing for this confident expectation are to be found — in the following peculiar, and in some degree singular, features of this district : First, the unequalled facilities which it possesses for navigation, afforded by its numerous lakes, bays and rivers, through which, and their artificialimprovements, it has ready access to both the St. Lawrence and Mississippi, from which, by the various internal chains of canal and railroad, it has easy communications to almost every important market along the vast seaboard stretching from the Balize to the straits of Belleisle. Secondly, the unbounded productiveness of its fisheries, which may be, and are, it might be said, advantageously prosecuted through the entire length of its waters. Thirdly, the immense resources it possesses in the magnificent forests of pine which border all the southern portions of its coasts, and are - COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 161 capable of supplying lumber for the entire consumption of the North- west. And, fourthly, the incalculable wealth of the mineral regions of Lake Superior. These four influences—apart from any agricultural resources, which, under the stimulus of demand arising from the development of the former, are constantly and steadily on the increase—are already felt _ surely to a degree which has commanded the attention of those engaged in commercial pursuits, and in fact of the government itself. Every succeeding year fresh ports are springing into existence at different points—all imperatively demanding aid for the construction of light-houses, and piers, and other facilities for navigation; and all as imperatively demanded by the requirements of a commerce growing spontaneous] y—not forced into life by any fictitious stimulants of specu- lation—with a rapidity and steadiness hitherto unknown in the com- mercial history of the world. At the southern extremity of this district is Manitowoc, about thirty- five miles north from Sheboygan, on the Michigan shore—a port which, almost unknown three years ago, has now, including the country in which it stands, a population of 5,000 inhabitants, and a trade, though hitherto almost entirely overlooked, already exceeding that of Chicago for 1839, .as regards exports, although the imports are necessarily something inferior, owing to the smaller extent of country at present looking to Manitowoc for its supplies. : The exports are principally lumber, laths, pickets, ashes, shingles, furs, wood, white-fish, &c., &c., tothe value of... $77,122 The imports consist of merchandise, as salt, flour, pork, beef, Mmearpontier Jard, &c.,10.the valu@ oles 4350 Ue ee 106,721 Peelane atopabot cla ko soo it Seco eee te Ge 183,843 Entrances, 788; tonnage, 227,940. A few miles north of Manitowoc is the port of Two Rivers—also in Wisconsin—well situated for lake trade. Both these new ports require appropriations for light-houses and piers. | The country adjacent to Two Rivers is finely timbered, and furnishes large quantities of lumber for export, as also shingles, ashes, furs, &c. ; but, whenever the land shall be cleared, its exports will consist of grain, wool, animals, and other agricultural produce, such as is furnished by the land of Wisconsin generally. So that, in a few years, the commerce of these two ports may be expected to undergo an entire revolution— becoming, from exporters of lumber and importers of agricultural sup- plies, exporters of the produce of the soil, and importers of assorted merchandise and luxuries. The business of Two Rivers will be confined to the peninsula east of Green Bay, and Lake Winnebago, and Fox river; since that route, being more direct, and affording extraordinary facilities for water trans- portation, will undoubtedly prevent any trade west of it from passing to the lake shore eastward. The local business, however, necessarily 11 : 162 _ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON flowing to these oe on the shore, will keep up, for all time, an active and advantageous trade at them. The port of Two Rivers has never before reported its commerce fully, but the following results show an excellent commencement : inipertsan 1601: to. caer Sea $115,000 EROOOPLS 10 ClO bce area epee Mees Gate "eros bin) Cie ahc e ee eet le Petal coo sks, Oe een ee 221,103 SSeS ee Of:the imports there were for local pur POSES... + 2-22-22 +2 $42,585 Ditto for home GONSUTD PROM. oi 5 iss Se eee 72,424 "Total 2 5 eu Saag yore 85)! In 1847, the imports at this port were valued at $53,747. Of the exports there were—Products of the forest...._.. $90,072 Fisheries. .wol. a0 eee 16,198 Domestic manufactures... .- 6,493 112,763 Entrances, 822 steam; 192 sail; a a total of 1, ie! arrivals during the season. The next port claiming the attention of the commercial classes is in fact the most important in the district—Green Bay—situated at the southwestern extremity or head of the great basin of the same name, and the outlet of the Fox river. This port, indeed, bids fair to rival Chicago, as the lake depot for all that most important branch of the lake trade, which has its origin on the borders of the upper Mississippi. The work known as the Fox river improvement is now nearly completed, vonnecting the Mississippi with the great lakes, by steam navigation. This work has so greatly im- proved the navigation of the a river, lowing from Lake Winnebago into Green Bay, as to admit the ascent of small steamers to the for- mer; whence, by a further improvement of the Fox river, and a canal connecting it with the Wisconsin river, the passage is free to the Mis- sissippl, entrance to which is had about two miles below Fort Craw- ford. From this point steamers can navigate the Mississippi upward or downward, at option, as occasions may require. This is the first water route which has been opened connecting the lake, with the Mississippi, navigable by steam power; and what the practical result of its operation may be, is yet in the bosom of the future. Fort Crawford is situated 487 miles above St. Louis ; 257 above Burlington, Towa; 80 above Galena, Illinois; 60 above Dubuque, — Iowa; 5 below Prairie du Chien; 243 below St. Paul’s, Minnesota Tait ey ; and 255 below the Falls of St. Anthony. The distance from Green Bay to the mouth of the Wisconsin is about 220 miles, through the richest valley of Wisconsin; by this route, there- ore there is an uninterrupted steam communication from Buffalo, _——* COLONTAL AND LAKE TRADE. 163. Oswego and Ogdensburg, or the Canadian cities, and the mouth of the St. Lawrence, to St. Louis, New Orleans, and the Balize. This is certainly indicative of a new era in the practice of inland steam navigation; as it will open at once an easy and direct commu- nication between New York and the new States of Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Minnesota Territory, rendering any of the above-named points on the Mississippi easier of access by way of the lakes than St. Louis itself This is a fact which cannot be overlooked by immigrants, and will, therefore, bring the public lands of those new States and Terri- tories advantageously into the market at no distant day. This line of communication also brings the lead mines of Galena nearer by a hun- dred miles to the lakes, than to St. Louis; and to it ultimately all the hidden wealth*of the upper Mississippi valley, incalculable in its amount and apparently inexhaustible, must become tributary—inasmuch as for the transmission of heavy freight and produce this is the easiest and most direct, and therefore, of course, the cheapest channel. Along the eastern portion of this route across the State of Wisconsin, there have already sprung up several promising ports on Lake Winnebago and Fox river; among them Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Du Pere, and Fond du Lac, all well situated, with good harbor facilities, and rich agri- cultural regions circumjacent. The public lands are in rapid progress of selection and settlement, whether by warrants or regular entry in the land offices, while plank roads are traversing the country in all direc- tions. Green Bay, which has for several years been a great depot for fish and lumber, is now rapidly becoming the great commercial depot for the internal trade of Wisconsin, and during the season of 1851 there was a line of steamers regularly plying between this point and Buffalo. The completion of the Fox river improvement will, however, demand much greater facilities, henceforth, than have ever before been brought into requisition. No details of the business at Green Bay for the season of 1851 have been received, but it is notorious that the commerce of this place has advanced incalculably within the year; and in the ab- - sence of accurate information, it may be fairly assumed as follows : J ELTE i Se a SL eg a ha a ee po Sta = Suge ae $2,000,000 pee Omi ernenert: Seem or GD us EN re ne ae Le he 1,000,000 re Bebra BAS Se COR By ey 3,000,000 This estimate of imports may, at first view, appear too large; but, when it is remembered that the country, in the rear and around, is com- paratively new, and unable, as yet, to export anything very material, and that the tide of emigration, constantly and regularly pouring in, de- mands a great quantity of supplies of all kinds for subsistence, for which it must be temporarily in arrear until the land shall be cleared, culti- vated, and brought up to the standard which shall constitute it an ex- porting in lieu of an importing region, this opinion will be reversed. In consideration of the great and still growing importance of Green Bay, and the remoteness of its situation from Michilimackinac, it might properly be made a port of entry, with the shores of Winnebago, 164 3 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Green Bay, and the lake coast, from the straits of Mackinaw to Mani- towoc, constituting a new district. _ Debouching into Green Bay, flow from the northward the rivers Oconto, Peshtego, and Menomonee—the latter a large stream, and for- merly, for some distance, the frontier line between the States of Michigan and Wisconsin. On it are situated several saw-mills for the cutting of lumber for the Chicago market. The source of this river is but a few miles distant from the shore of Lake Superior, on the southern water- shed of the northera peninsula of Michigan. Its course is about two hundred miles in length to its outlet, in which space it has a descent of 1,049 feet, and is emphatically a river of cataracts and rapids, bring- ing down a vast volume of water, and occasionally spreading to a width of 600 feet. It can, therefore, be made available *to any extent for water-power ; though its navigation will be, in all times, limited to canoeing. The lower course of the Menomonee, toward its mouth, is bordered by tracts of heavily timbered pine-lands, the produce of which is now growing into brisk demand in the neighboring lumber markets. } Below the Menomonee, to the northeast, the White Fish, Escanaba, and Fort rivers, discharge their waters into the Little Bay de Noquet. They are also fringed along their skirts by extensive pine forests, from which much lumber is annually manufactured. The Monistique falls into Elizabeth bay, farther to the north. The — principal business carried on upon the islands of Lake Michigan, be- longing to this district, is fishing and wood-chopping; steamers and propellers frequently stopping at them to wood, and obtain supplies of fish, for the latter of which groceries, fruit, &c., are given in direct barter. The climate is genial and the soil productive; but the present inhabitants—being principally Indians and _ half-breeds, or fishermen, who have few tastes except for fishing and hunting—contrive to subsist themselves principally by those employments, and the cultivation of small patches of corn and potatoes. The North and South Manitous have good harbors for the shelter of vessels, as well as the Foxes and Beavers. On the latter group there is a settlement of Mormons; but so far as civilization, refinement, and the tilling of the soil are concerned, they are in no wise superior to the neighboring tribes of savages. Mackinac island, in the straits of Mackinac, which connect Lakes Huron atid Michigan, is an old missionary settlement and military post, first established above two centuries ago by the French Jesuits, with that admirable forecast and political wisdom which they displayed in the selection of all their posts. It is, in fact, as to natural military strength, the Gibraltar of the lakes, and might easily be rendered almost impregnable. The present fort, however, is a blunder, and could not be defended for half an hour, being commanded by an almost unassail- able height within half a mile in its rear, from which, in effect, at. the commencement of the war of 1812, it was threatened with two or three light guns, dragged up the reverse during the night, by a handiul of Indians and British, and, being unable to offer any resistance, was tre- duced to an immediate surrender. It was for a long time an important depot of the American Fur Com- ‘’ eS COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 165 pany, and is still maintained as a military station by the United States; and used as the rendezvous of the various Indian tribes, which resort thither annually to receive their government payments. Mackinac is now a place of considerable traffic, the principal ex- ports being fish and furs, the latter becoming annually more and more scarce; and the imports, blankets, ready-made clothing, fishermen’s supplies, and trinkets for the Indians, who rarely carry away much of their receipts in money. : This point is distant from Chicago 340 miles; from Buffalo about 700 by water; and from the Sault Ste. Marie 120. | No returns for its coastwise commerce are at hand for 1851. ie eamddianimports for 180) were. aie coc oll $3,967 Do. do. 1850 PEERS ead Ua Nev teal RG 3,261 Increase on 185]... .-. es hac eag mn esr ate deat A 706 fm@es onllected in TSob.. os 22. EASA ean re ele eth is Se Me Rea $318 Do. do. CHOP US i ie Dee a a els SUPE IE BN rs bok haa and 663 increase Ole Sole ho es Rie ey eRe 155 . ———— Sault Ste. Marie is situated on St. Mary’s river, the outlet of Lake Superior, at about 120 miles from Mackinac, 405 from Detroit, and 1 from Washington. It is pleasantly situated on the west side of the straits, and at the foot of the rapids, whence its name. These rapids are about three quarters of a mile long, at about twenty miles below Lake Superior, with a fall of about twenty-one feet. The river. St. Mary’s is, in all, from Lake Superic#: to Huron, about sixty miles in length, flowing first a few degrees north of east, then bending abruptly and flowing a few degrees east of south. ‘Through its whole course it occupies the line of junction between the igneous and detrital rocks, forcibly illustrating to what extent the physical features of a country are influenced by its geological structure.’ Between Mackinac and the Sault Ste. Marie there are innumerable groups of small islands, prin- cipally near the northern shore of Lake Huron and the mouth of the St. Mary’s, their number having been estimated at thirty thousand. None of these are as yet of any commercial importance, unless it be St. Joseph’s, which is beginning to export grain and live-stock. Hitherto the Sault Ste. Marie has been the head of lake navigation, in consequence of the interruption caused by the rapids at this point. When it is considered that the distance to be overcome does not ex- ceed one mile, with a lift 22 feet, and that the banks of the river nowhere rise to above twenty feet above the water line, and are composed of soft, friable rock, imbedded in easy soil, it is astonishing that a ship canal has not been opened long ago across this trivial portage—trivial in regard to the labor and expense of rendering it passable; the cost not being estimated as likely to go beyond a few hundred thousand dollars—which would open to the American lake marine the naviga- tion of the finest lake in the world, furnishing and requiring all articles necessary to build up and maintain a large and prosperous trade. In no other respect, however, is this obstacle slight or trivial; for 166 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON everything required for the facilitation of the vast, numerous and wealthy iron and copper mines of Superior, including machinery of enormous weight, and supplies and forage for the men and live-stock employed— nor this only, but the huge blocks of native copper and heavy ore re- turning down this route—must all be transported overland at extraordi- nary, difficulty and expense. Even large vessels, several in number annually, are transported over this portage by means of ways and horse- power; nor is it in the least extravagant to say, that the aggregate amount of money thus unnecessarily expended 5 year after year, without any permanent result, would, if collected for a few seasons, defray not only the interest, but the prime cost of this most necessary work. “ Efforts have been made, and will doubtiess be renewed,” says the report of Messrs. Foster and Whitney, on the copper regions of Lake Superior, ‘‘to induce the government to constrnct a canal around these rapids, and thus connect the commerce of Lake Superior with those of the lower lakes. The mere construction of locks is nof, however, all that is required. It will be necessary to extend*a pier into the river above the rapids, to protect the work and insure an entrance to the : locks. This pier will be exposed to heavy currents, and at times to | large accumulations of ice, and must be constructed of the firmest materials and strongly protected.” ® Materials of the best quality can be easily obtained; as the report goes to show, from Scovill’s Point, on the Isle Royale, or the Huron islands, for the completion of the works, which would not, it is believegl, at any rate exceed half a million of dollars. The effect of the removal of this untoward obstacle—which deters a large, useful, and healthy population from settling in this region— keeps the mineral lands out of the market, and in a very great measure debars the influx of mineral wealth, which could not be otherwise shut out—would be to give a general Sade to trade, and an infusion of vigor, activity and. spirit to the whole movement of the country, with a general increase to the national wealth, entirely beyond the reach of calculation. It were, therefore, undoubtedly a wise and prudent policy, founded on the experience of all ages, and in nowise savoring of rash or specu- lative legislation, to disburse the small comparative amount necessary at once to render this vast addition to the national wealth, commerce, and marine, available. It is clearly impossible that young and necessarily poor States—as all new States unavoidably must be, until their lands are rendered capable of producing, and their mines ready for exploitation—can con- struct such works at their own expense; and they must necessarily be raised by aid from government, or be left undone, from want of aid, to the great detriment ‘of the community. Another though inferior consideration is this—that in case nothing is done by the United States government, a canal will undoubtedly be cut, even with the Hicedwateane of a ten-fold expense, through the hard igneous rocks on the British shore, by the Canadian oovernment, which never lacks energy or enterprise when channels of commercial ad- vantage are to be opened or secured to itself. And the result of this would be the diversion from the citizens of the United States of the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 167 large sums payable, in the way of tolls, on a work ten times more ex- pensive than would be requisite on the American side. , The business of the Lake Superior country for 1851 is estimated as follows, for the articles which crossed the portage at the Sault : Imports, 100,000 barrels bulk; in which are included 2,000 bundles pressed hay; 20,000 bushels of oats and other ‘Kinds of grain; provi- sions, dry goods, groceries, general supplies, and five mining engines ; _ forming an aggregate estimated value of $1,000,000. The exports passing around the rapids, for the same season, are as follows: eve tonsot copper, at boo0. 22. a bn ti ‘ay S6e0,000 Pace i TOM blooms) iat OU 2 seed es ee ie ik on 25,000 SM myer Iss isk At Sho sien OTS bee eben a ahs gach ee 20,000 The imports are about 40,000 barrels bulk in excess of the imports of 1850.. The cost of transportation on the above one hundred thousand barrels bulk was an average of about nine shillings a barrel from Detroit, or a gross sum of $112,000 for the transportation of 100,000 barrels for a distance of 500 miles, all by water, with the exception of one mile. The opening of a ship canal at this point would undoubtedly reduce this cost by two-thirds within three years ; and within six years the actual savings would defray the whole cost of nstruction. Above the Sault is the whole coast of Lake Superior, awaiting onlv free communication with the lakes below to send forth the rich mineral treasures of that region in exchange for the manufactures and merchan- dise of the east. The lake is 355 miles in length, having an American coast to the extent of not. much less than 900 miles. The area of the lake is 32,000 square miles; its greatest breadth from Grand Island to Nee- pigon bay is 160 miles, and its mean depth of water 900 feet, with an elevation of 627 feet above the level of the sea, and 49 feet above the waters of Huron and Michigan. The water is beautifully clear and transparent, and abounds with the most delicious fresh-water fish, the flavor and richness of which infinitely exceed those of the lower lakes, so that they will always command a higher price in the market. One species, the siskawit, has only to be known in the New York and east- ern markets in order to supersede all varieties of sea-fish, for unques- tionably none approach it in succulence and flavor. This lake is ted by about eighty streams, none of them navigable, except for canoes, owing to the falls and rapids with which they abound. The more prominent of these rivers, flowing through Ameri- can territory, are the Montreal, Black, Presque Isle, Ontonagon, Eagle, Little Montreal, Sturgeon, Huron, Dead, Carp, Chocolate, La Prairie, Two-hearted, and Tequamenen. The Ontonagon and Sturgeon are the largest and most important rivers, which, by the removal of some obstructions at their mouths and the construction of piers to prevent the . formation of bars, might be converted into excellent and spacious har- bors, in the immediate vicinity of some of the most valuable mines, where the want of safe anchorage is now severely felt. 168 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The mouth of the Ontonagon is already a place of some growing business, as is La Pointe, at the Apostle islands, where is a good harbor. Eagle and Copper harbors are also places of commerce for the importation of supplies and the shipment of mineral produce. Ance, at the head of Keweenaw bay, Marquette, Isle Royale, where there is a good harbor, are all places rapidly growing into importance. It would seem that the whole lake ‘coast, from the Sault Ste. Marie to the Isle Royale, is rich in iron and copper ore, and it is scarcely possible to conceive the results which may be expected, when the present mines shall have been developed to their highest standard of produc- tiveness, and others, as unquestionably there will be, discovered and prepared for exploitation. | There are at present two steamers, four propellers, and a considerable number of smaller sailing craft, all of which have been dragged over- land, by man and horse, across the portage, in constant employment carrying up supplies and bringing back returns of ore and metal. All these articles have necessarily to be transhipped and carried over the isthmus; and yet, under all these disadvantages and drawbacks, the traffic is profitable and progressive. This consideration only is sufficient to establish the possitive certainty of success which would follow the construction of an adequate and well-protected ship canal. | Indeed it may be asserted, without hesitation, that a well-concerted system of public works, river, lake, and harbor improvements, are only wanted to render the great. lake regions, and this district not t least, the most valuable and most important, as they are now the most beautiful and most interesting portion of the United States. The enrolled tonnage for the Mackinac district, according to the. official reports of June 30, 1851, is stated at 1,409 tons, all sail. This is evidently inaccurate, as there were several steamers and propellers plying, at that very date, on the lake above the Sault, and several small steamers running regularly on the waters of Green bay, Lake Winnebago, and the Fox river. The extreme inaccuracy, looseness, and brevity of the returns kept, and reports made from most of the lake ports of entry, can hardly be too much deprecated or deplored, rendering it, as they do, impossible to compile a complete report of the lake commerce sufficiently explicit, and with details sufficiently full, to the perfect understanding of a sub- ject at once so intricate and so important. Canada trade in 1851. Bingen os) 0s ON AN Nl $3,967 Duty collected)" a ae $818 No. 16.—Districr or MItwauvkKIE. Port of entry, Milwaukie; latitude 43° 3’ 45”, longitude 87° 57’; population in 1840, 1,712; in 1850, 20,061. This district, which formerly was attached to that of Chicago, was erected in 1850, and the returns embraced in this report, being the first that have been made of its lake commerce, give little opportunity for comparison. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 169 The coast extends from Sheboygan, Wisconsin, southward to the northern line of the State of Illinois, a distance of about a hundred miles, embracing the ports of Sheboygan, Port Washington, Kenosha, or Southport, Racine, and Milwaukie. These ports are all situated in, the State of Wisconsin, on the western shore of Lake Michigan. She- boygan 1s immediately adjoining the district of Mackinac; has a, good situation for business, though the harbor needs some improvement. The State legislature has authorized a loan for this purpose of $10,000. There is an excellent farming country in the rear of Sheboygan, the soil of which ordinarily produces good returns of the first quality of grain ; in the last two years, however, the wheat crop has been almost a total failure. 2c woports of this port. for 1851, were. -... 2... 2.2... $1,304,961 Exports, do. do. OST ui Ran RuRen Al anar CRam gral | Ck 121,705 * 2 Ue SPS GRE Sa es Oe es RRS PIP crea pm os a 1,426,666 Patriees: 730. Port Washington, twenty-five miles north of Milwaukie, is a port of a growing and important trade, its harbor being formed by the projec- tion of a pier into the lake. The town is situated on a high bluff, which shields the pier from westerly winds. The country circumjacent is well adapted for agriculture, grazing, and wool-growing. ‘The trade of this port is steadily on the increase. Iraports'of Port: Washington for 1951.0... 02s. ek. $904,400 Exports, do. (GLE PURSE SOLU ELE UAE Me DEES a 139,450 Te Ue See ates 2 be ete Nib eres 1,043,850 Southport, the name of which has been recently changed, with good taste, to the old Indian appellation of Kenosha, is a flourishing place situated on the bluffs, 35 miles south of Milwaukie, and sixty north of Chicago. Under the protection of the bluffs upon which the town stands, piers have been extended into the lake, alongside which vessels may lie and load or discharge cargoes, except during the prevalence of strong easterly gales, during the height of which the seas sometimes are heaped on the piers, ani break with such violence as to compel the shipping to stand off into the lake for sea-room. Like the rest of this portion of the State of Wisconsin, the soil about Southport is of a nature to encourage agricultural pursuits ; and in consequence the back coun- try 1s increasing very rapidly in population, and the prairies beginning to export their rich and varied produce, the result of which is a growth of the commerce of the port beyond the anticipations of the most san- guine. The returns show the imports for 1851 to have been. ...- $1,306,856 Do. do. EE COTO TSN CC cles LSP Ss ae 661,228 ga ee MgO Rc 5S tw ai Ls a A Eg 1,968,084. Entrances, 856. 170 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Racine lies ten miles north from Kenosha, on a beautiful stream of the same name, which forms a harbor in all respects excellent, except for the wonted drawback of an awkward bar at its mouth. The popu- lation of Racine in 1840 was about 1,500; in 1850 it was 5,11]. The _ principal business, however, is done on piers, which project from its mouth, as at Kenosha. The city is on a height, and is, without doubt, the most beautiful site for a lake city west of Cleveland. The back country, depending on the city for supplies and a market, is very simi- lar to that already described in other parts of the district. lis unaporte dor Teal, ners os 6x as Roose Rieger cee $1,473,125 Exports for do. ERE pmerl Maine Oye OK yl eka 1,034,590 Pet eng aad 4a SAN ON Why Dic HENS SR Ue ea eae 2400 Tao Entrances, 1,462. Milwaukie, the port of entry and pfincipal port in the district, is situated on Milwaukie river, which forms a good harbor for vessels and steamers of light draught, but it needs some improvement to make it easy of access to larger craft. The harbor of Milwaukie is in one respect very favorably situated, as there is a sort of bay, or bayou, running in behind the north point, making a fair shelter against all but easterly winds. The city stands partly on the river, and partly on the bluffs, which are very high and overlook the lake for many miles. It is ninety miles north from Chicago, and contains 25,000 inhabitants. It is the terminus” of the Milwaukie and Mississippi railway, which is finished some fifty mules west, and is intended eventually to communicate with the Mis- sissippi at Dubuque, or Prairie du Chien. ‘This road runs through one of the most fertile districts of Wisconsin, and will bring immense traffic to this port. Of late, owing mainly to the partial failure of the wheat crop during the two successive years of 1849 and 1850, the commerce of this district has not augmented so rapidly as for several years pre- viously, or as it probably would have done in the event of good or average crops. The city of Milwaukie increased in population from 1,712 inhabit- ants in 1840, to 20,061 in 1850, being a ratio of 1,072 per cent. greater than that of any other city during the same period. It is situated 805 miles northwest from Washington. The commerce in 1851 is estimated for the city as follows: Mproyoiatitig, Pi cl fetta ih te: La el a OCC ete $14,571,371 Riso r is Hut Aas ale oe ORIEL oC cra ae Ca Er kde 2,607,824 Moa ie Gs eyo Teel Gk, hota cal iia apa gat Soy Danae ee 17,179,195 Entrances, 1,351. The commerce of the whole district for the same year was: 100 RA el i RES isis ee MR AS ACL a A $19,560,713 2 E16 ssl gna Ae a URES Daal AAs: eo ARRAS 4,564,779 = 2B EERE a Si a A ne Da a eal ES IAM aii Je ee ojo Total entrances, 5,000. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 17] The enrolled and licensed tonnage, on the 30th June, 1851, was set down in the official report at 2,946 tons, of which 287 tons were steam, and 2,659 tons sail. , The official report of the collector, however, pub- lished at the. end of the season, makes the tonnage of the district amount to 6,526 tons, giving employment to 325 men. Therefore there must be an error somewhere, as. it is not possible that the tonnage of the district should have more than doubled itself within a few months. Such inconsistencies, however, seem to be the rule, not the exception, in the reports of the lake districts. The following table will show the business in a few prominent arti- cles of trade, in this district, for export from the several ports ; and the comparative trade of the port of entry for the years 1850 and 1851, according to the returns. 4 Milwaukie. | Racine. | Kenosha. Siohoveeal Portals | ington. Articles | Z 1851. 1850. |. 1851. 1851. 1851. 1851. Flour...'...sbarrels...| 113,233 | 100,017 BOOTH (iS wasGol 163 3,000 BOAR alse elie ai dO. sess 3,832 476 1,112 DG le'araiehiale' (ole alata. ofatatchaaie PCG ipte sini oc, BO 1. 2,301 1,426 DEA esis oleieiciacs elise cpajuleoleltln! s/cioeteral arate Wheat.,..\..: bushels.. -| 161 9045) SOW, 100. 1212618. |. 2a3, 002 hiss s «cee «slele a eae Oats... aes. Oe eee 47,098 2,100 80,898 59,769 3, 650 2,000 . Baley. sici-\4. GOR cs. s 175, 723 15,270 40,908 59,169 1,000 1,500 Oe arya ts lees Se 22,233 5, 000 18,941 S| LOO Ye ctelece te elae el eine a mi See « Wieols ces. pounds...| 226,256 | 126,595 | 106,471 30,731 J), SOO |\eiehelearats es 8 Trig @ 55 iss sree Cem Ne 385,840 |... . 20.0 112,000 20,160 69,440 |....05. Se Vaated iioretie- cians 6 Bie cicke» « OMA Ne ocel ate stoteas 22 A00 |. aise cise os i RE SH Ae sini Cin PYSHESS-. coher ss abOUS;: 2. 262 276 Ole ele eke «vile 201 900 Lead...... pounds SOG OO, ACOSO OOO Coes, ales ciellsliinlarey site ae GieC Gl otle'e cde lal’ eel euseate Mime Lumber..... (Nis) Oe A Pee ficiohate ua iciatel elekelalaseis sit stars eela oxbe aha hs, BSO%i| ieicioeralatabente Pathe ks oe. Beale tte Sus uae Cats Se ek Reto rank Pees Rah Dyan eed kt Shingles........ Pom oy Gass tiie ss a a Bec Ues title Meith ECS Miceee: nee» Bishi; 2.2... Bares 54 sjeieiesv's/a 01a bs apie iis rvagth alle 2 arse A, 3,384 200 | : | | | ° | The imports consist principally of assorted merchandise necessary for the consumption of a new country—salt, and the household prop- erty ofemigrants. This district reports no trade with Canada. 172 ANDREWS REPORT ON — Statement showing the principal articles of Eee and import, coastwise, im the district of Milwaukie, during the year 1851. IMPORTS. . Articles. | Quantity. Value. TPR ET CMG CISC) 210s Ws oyedjalei e nmelelcisiaimee Silene vere oy eerar ci 30 594) tongs cree mee $15,297,000 SUMATICS . . 5+ awe Bieaip i= ci loubalets ialsirtaih misints is oveta'= Gs980. 2.00... ceeie 3,502,287 Rate a talerer g/ar ete wicreme alalaws atahiea Stents a a wale ielilone Si (98a) bdas "eee 4,698 Rel Uy rated ye sitet hak ete taal mcrae ate is ala ev elataPet’n itatltal s | 34,881. barrels...... 43,601 AT SUUE ace ea Crogan ie Mhnteaiatsrain rah lajel @ 4 ms ye niede) ae niede tars Vig S Lhe edOy heaters uy 26,275 MASEL iaatmt s/o nial Uohavnnicsess AME REA Saas oie eS 1 JU Bee ah crete ae 4,832 MENACE Bele! oreo ei Th ele oaiea as «© ele eo misive olen nial 4), 401 Mteets ase 404,010 PRU eer ase s ine levees oles evens ism hlareinisaia ta lew Nerete AvDOG' ANMei hers aenation 45,560 INEM cy avd ey nial gies iiiely nuns ni Gi 514 Do ila Ions) moyen borane oe ya LSA 25'. eye ineeatints 26,250 Cedar posts........ bioeyate evlelelsieliahanie lata Deeside tus NDBybeleiaericiicnn pects 4 - 2,506 Pi ae iyieater alec: was oie) wy ax'm im ale de sia) mfohuclerete minds aie iol 6,017 barrels....... 65,170 SUI Man cy etiae Nat gtichale ote ones yates chomauasieeeaieve ce Pr, VAT SEONG A tet cmters 15,239 PRO 12's we as) 5 a ae Se doko le eee tain re ions te ial serene tale 5OF 52 ans eects eens 12,400 Water-lime....... aol sehatete| aula mie cueheets\el etteys al a¥e ia = PPS PA wis ichagelis\4 sine : 3,494 LATS SOY 01 EPL RG AOE AS CS Ena L RRB Si TbR 3 CNIGE | So0sk tonsa eee ae 1,750 RAPES ee SiensieniGiotbis nekai= oicuiainjenchen a oie byemiarokeetatesel 124,240 pounds....... 7,454 Miama=Dainke core Cine stu cfole ok oo ies ae LeSio) SCOTdS, cere em 27,500 dvailrowd ion, Geese. si.) 6 e Leteuaronn [avi eileGatiattaver ene “S56 0 LOTS eee 27,800 HEP UTE TEES s fi 'g'shn wes eieiepte & isla laPabais esta aaebaokarehe take 113 G9) 5) Eee Ot 2,787 TIGEOIMOLT VES e's vc icpes lake ce ye ND Tet Tanas SSH pale ca ct aan et ee ea 40,000 ROR CSCI cordsi:,.s;..5ue 20, 000 Staves..... gitiatalormbleMsieieaamebeivre inlets Wye ius chm vniehel camnoua 2005 AM co Weer ere 4, 000 LOO 2S, a ae eae Ge alateiais raiprkhe ob tohe: erate ierars 10) ons vice Soe 4, 000 RAMEE 61 «5/5 eeu cls eid 6,0 ale lafereletp icine bic gieiern ate SO p AVL ate eemaeae 500 PNOPAPUE REIN Ril )'c bie "sb s tialt s whee ik lwieses ones ihe weil 25,000 bushels...... 7,500 SEEN F11c2) fo A Sa ARE Glee lela ieceictesatialy dese Aad sia Rename: ests): Wein coyote ging 8 2,093,855 . 4,564,797 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 173 No. 17.—District oF CuHIcago. Port of entry, Chicago; latitude 42° 00’, longitude 87° 35’; popu- lation in 1840, 4,470; in 1850, 29,963. | | This district is about eighty miles in extent of coast-line from Michi- gan City, in Indiana, to Waukegan, Illinois, embracing that portion of the coast of Lake Michigan bordering oa the States of Indiana and Wllinois. Michigan City, Waukegan, and Chicago are the only ports. The commerce of Michigan City is comparatively small; but having no definite returns from that point, it may be roughly estimated at $600,000. It is the only lake port of Indiana, and is about forty miles east from Chicago, and on the opposite side of the lake to that city. The Michigan Central railway passes through this place en route for Chicago, and most of the supplies of merchandise are received by it. The exports of flour, wheat, corn, and oats from this place are worthy of some consideration. ' _ Waukegan is situated forty miles north from Chicago, on the western shore of Lake Michigan, and is a thriving place of business, thougi its harbor consists only of piers, extending into the lake, similar to those at Racine, Sheboygan, and other places in the district of Milwaukie. The country circumjacent to it is becoming rapidly populous, and the land is fertile, and adapted amply and abundantly to repay all the expenses of toil and time annually bestowed upon it. It cannot, therefore, be reasonably doubted that its annual increase will not fall short of the general progress of its own and the neighbor- ing States. The account of the tonnage of this place is as follows: The entrances at Waukegan during the year 1851 were 1,058; being 698 steamers, 244 propellers, 14 brigs, 105 schooners, 2 barques, and 3 sloops. The following is a concise statement of the commerce of Waukegan, with the names of some of the leading articles both of import and ex- port: IMPORTS. Articles. | Quantity. Value. Ae ARIS eta ae oiclinhs! col oini/atelsctayal nlntev alate asia «lo\es\aie S16 6 tons..... 1,110 $005 , 000 PEP RAD ert c fat oh nYosn nial /oils)ispcein' oth, Gialinters s)clis)& \e ‘\vj.n;hs'0' «0. EPS ecas 4,368. 43,680 NGA MS ale eate ve Met = of voit) sche ohia.a'eMteat cole 2 ee lalla e «04 ehes dos. mes 809 2,022 BL REPS Os Say EON Ni Ses cone) CNR a a doe aier 475 | 4,750 Sarees aie a ctcden as lata cin he ela) ata ios feof ati w 6, 405 <) 9] Shelwi barrels.... 2,804 | 4,206 PEt fe alate eke & ale ca) dare a tarare een aie ie atatekato saci «i's uh. done cas 371 1,113 PRC eat tei aia ahr oke ite eens ane tes ya, <4 iat ana 32 De eiein p= 809 1,213 CTL SEE ERR tS Rept lt USAT lee) HR eR GOai aise). 451 4,510 Eira Ponce ant ein id © ea PneI Lae sity GaSe’ «e, atiayco) sas: #845 Os stern) = « 210 315 Broom-corn.......+- Sih SetPoint ee i eg Ln Aah cha eae ia bales..... 108 168 PMOMEICS HNEUTMAGT ACH 55 o aysletioyery itt joisisy ow) «'650) 4S vine “evn ioe stinyale’ on "ole ne wlgre od 2,757 POUL EUNNP ONDE» idler aerate 81's vs cve ayelaa(e = ovate boa | 619,834 174 _ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON EXPORTS. Articles. > . Quantity. Value. Uses « bciad wsenia GURL AEe BME uaieds Rates bushels. ... 173,129 | $103,977 ROS SME Clo: cae cna lnm Raia ae MR eae ae eth ett oleic vaca GOR Hains 64,090 IZ O18. - GON Wrcidns wlan sic’slaects =k Sinerety, ojalecle aise lee bite tens Gaines doves t mm 29,874 ve 11,949 WENA DEY a: fates loke alae ticle ehntet cia ebale rela'a) aeahaie paeloye'losicynyeupis GO «ine 8,943 © 4,471 SIGCO so, oleita sini neces eiminaiye sis Wm ogaysye'e isle: 5/6 8 50.8 n,0 1a Sow lala do...... 1,480 1,480 BUA il te eet ete fein alate male ayer a cid mie lela ee iiadiatat ¢ barrels.... 3,340 10,020 Powlaget.'< thera niee ale ssaieeyet Gpiais Qiovele\n Sie eine < eiem sowie ioral a epeOl Os ecteraiels 250 3,500 IBN S hs wtelratwlahel be [Piaye stun jee pga ee d/l pn S)eye.aie mig eimicl afolanays AGU irearat 62 372 MV inasa eager resis alt a sce ticdctie bic wal ol Gus ve wife aka ote wunyan'epeietete pounds....| ° 35, 800 10,740. Sundries ecu imes ea Biieie eles aleve wiles we: avelre wie 6 ein kel ejsicteia 6a Mian tote ean 35,391 Total exports... is s/sie..0 w aielgn, at 4.6 Silene: Wiig: et aioli a eihaia iatal> ae Lae ea 194,818 Potala ports, ose. cle ciclew Sale! wie oJa te @afa,e e\slele ais disyasa aialale eaten eaten 619,834 Total commerce of Waukegan....... 0400.00 /0cccles seems vesennn 814,652 The city of Chicago stands at the mouth of the Chicago river, with a population of about 40,000,.and, as the river debouches into the head of Lake Michigan, 1 1S therefore the inmost port of the lake, and the far- thest advanced into the country, which supplies its export and consumes its import trade. It is, on this account, most favorably situated for a commercial depot. ‘The river within a mile of its mouth bemg made up into two affluents, the northern and southern, the city lies on both banks of the main river, and to the west of both the tributaries, with floating bridges whereby to facilitate easy communication for the citizens. Four miles south of the ¢ity, the Illmois and Michigan canal falls into the south branch at a place called Bridgeport, and up to this point this stream is navigable for the largest lake craft. The first level of the canal is fed from this stream by means of huge steam-pumps, which are constantly employed in forcing water to the height of about eight feet. On entering the canal, therefore, the boats first ascend a lock of about eight-feet lift, and thence, on their way to the Illinois, contimually lock downward till they reach the lower level of that valley. ‘This canal is ninety-eight miles in length from Bridgeport to Peru, on the Illinois, and by means of it the waters of the Mississippi and the lakes are united, so that canal boats can readily pass from Chicago to St. Louis, and vice versa, as indeed to any point of the L[llinois river, without detention or transhipment of cargo. The Galena and Chicago Union r ailway i is open from Chicago to Roch- ford, a distance of eighty miles, and will soon be finished to Freeport, where it will effect a junction with the Galena branch of the Illinois Central railway. The Chicago and Rock Island road is completed to Juliet, forty miles’ distance from Chicago, which is eventually to con- nect Chicago with Rock island, and which is expected to be completed and opened, within the space of one year, to the Mississippi. It is proposed to intersect Illinois with a net-work of railways, by which Chicago shall be connected with every portion of the State; and: beside these lines, two or three others are projected with the intent of connecting that «city with Green Bay, Milwaukie, Beloit, and Janes- < COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 175 Sills Wisconsin, by railway, but it is still problematical whether they will be wrought to a successful termination. It is owing, doubtless, to the advantageous situation above described, that Chicago owes her rapid growth during the past few years, her en- viable commercial position for the present, yand her brilliant prospects for the future. In 1840 Chicago had a population of less than 5,000; in 1850 it num- bered upward of 28,000, having increased in one year, as shown by the returns of the city census of 1849, over 5,200; and the lowest estimate put upon the population in January, 1852, is 35,000 souls, while more generally it is rated at nearly 40,000 individuals. No parallel for so great an increase exists. The following tables will give some idea of the details of the com- merce of Chicago, which will be found interesting as showing the pro- gressive business of the city, during a long series of successive years, as well as the alteration of the character of that business, as affected by the continual progression of the country, from an earlier and more im- perfect to a fuller and better developed system of cultivation. The progressive value of the imports and exports of Chicago is ex- hibited during a series of fourteen years, which will be found to give the best idea of the actual progression of the place. Re eh ae Aa ee Pees Ss De Fok Oa Se nt RN SE Years. Imports. Exports. Papas te eee a aimee suds cas eens Eesah She haaatetn Ie a iene $325 , 203 $1,000 Bos 5 RAIS, ER Se eS ice i Lier aeckrate a Maca ct shai 373,677 10,065 BS Ni ok ecte aic Be ee Ns ARs cede ated etna Senta waieeron aren 579,174 16,044 PAS coolats on ee nelave'c Be de be ence BA MELAS, mon a weg as ee 630,980 38, 843 PEPE etre: sc Sa pts ccetel sis Rents enfete’ ele De Ha 562, 106 228, 635 ees aL Sys, SiS A iGiae See agrclete Ae oeteee els aistne 564,347 348 , 862 V6). oo eee ee Fo i ETE TOE A AS DF A SBS AS 664,347 659,305 eee Be eure cies oles 0 Sedo es Bole SRO CTS oe Scheer Oe 971,849 682,210 ete ie i tle oo se wales ae SMS PSA Metehaheae ee esa ae 1,686,416 785 ,504 ee eee a Sat pid wip wrilete one La GEE A, Boe: ge 2,043,445 1,543,519 sc ee a Mr resc he hia aati ote vse eaeta hee eaters aes 2,027,150 1,813, 468 1.51) ae eae a RE Cadet CSG & clelacahe sh th'o tfase Soe Bone aleve 2,641,852 2,296,299 pee arn were aes OS Nat te Ne akira iwn ddve Wines ba shtlatede owes 24,410,400 0,395,471 From 1842 to 1847 the leading articles of export were wheat, flour, beef, pork, and wool. The quantities exported in those years were as follows : : Years. | Wheat. | Flour. | Beef & pork.| Wool. | | Bushels. Barrels. Barrels. Pounds. REIAS. Via oe ea dg pee elses wil o 6 586,907 2,920 16,209 1,500 15S RA aie eee esos Darya ocr aaa 628 , 967 10,786 21,492 29) 050 ysl 1 SARI eso eter ere Sena 891,894 6,320 14,938 96, 635 MRE ae oe as s,s haa bee ease ohne ete 956, 860 13,752 13,268 216, 616 RG et... oats Rae Rie ots age ee 1,459,594 28,045 31, 224 981 , 229 SE A ny able ous stesiaeeinicts, io) (4,004 32,538 48,920 411,488 From 1848 to 1851 no valuation was made of the importations or 176 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON : exportations ; and the valuation of 1848 is deemed so utterly incorrect as tu be valueless and unworthy of citation; for the valuation for that year included, under the head of exports, every small bill of sale, whether sent into the circumjacent country for domestic consumption, or shipped, coastwise or foreign, by the lake, for actual exportation. It is therefore set aside. The following table shows the importations of lumber during the years mentioned: Articles. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. Boards ....... . feet. .| 38,188,225 | 60,009,250 | 73,259,553 | 100,364,791) 125,056,437 nin oS eens No..| 5,655,700 | 10,025,109 | 19,281,733 | 19,890,700| 27,583,475 Shingles......... do..| 12,148,500 | 20,000,000 Re 55,423,750| 60,338,250 The table below exhibits some of the leading articles of export from Chicago during the same series of years, and shows the nature and increase or decrease of the trade in various articles: Articles. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. ene ali] eA de ey PM amaN ee EN aC MR | Lk EN Wheat..... - -bushels..| 1,974,304 | 2,160,000 | 1,936,264 788,451 427 ,820 Flour........ barrels. . 32,598 45,200 51,309 66,432 71,832 OTs) 2 a! sci ece le bushels. . 67,315 550, 460 644,848 262,013 3,221,317 OBES foie'e lesen ta ars EO. sa 38 , 892 65,280 26,849 158,054 605, 827 Beef... 2.2... barrels. . 26,504 19,733 48 , 436 40,870 53,685 POE Gs asi Miaiel via GOs '.76 22,416 34,467 17,940 16,598 19,990 MALOW 4 shee) oa GO, ‘oiay 203 , 435 DIS VOOM iene ee eeue 719,100 1,084,377 1 DER Yi > eaaiais tree GO sia TSO QUO a ee iehlie esata 68+, 600 724,500 2,996,747 BACOW ic oo ore sc ¥.6dO. on AOE Waals Saeki aio 850,709 909,910 1,524,600 HE ODACCO..0 6:20 eo OO « ne 28 , 243 2095 O08; | ae aces enioma 85,409 182,758 NVi00lc.30:0 3 - spounds.. 411,088 500,000 520,242 913,862 1,086,944 PAIDES iio 5 2 '0 0.5 JNO: «..:« OH es Oa GNeeaTA Grinds See! 1c PRESS Mee 1,617 CANADIAN TRADE IN 1851. Exports of domestic produce and manufactures. In Amenean vesselsc oes oa0 2285 ee Sa ice a $93,008 dn Dyitush' wess@las; ok ba te fesis eA GUE eee QaAAT __ 116,185 Imports. Duty collected. In American vessels.....- 2... 1 Ne ROA $4,935 $1,204 Pin ioritush Vessels on PS 2 oe aN oa 876 182 . ismejiel’ 1,386 Tonnage inward.—-American vessels—steam .__... Bh 652 tons. Re ete eee 2 290 «+ British vessels—sail. 2.6. 22 2 425.54" COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 177 Tonnage outward.—American vessels—steam..... 5 , 2,183.tons. SEN aa eter at 7 Ae os) i Biish: vesselsied ccja.2 <1oehe wes 2 428 * The country round the eity for miles is a level prairie, the soil of which is very fertile; which has given Chicago its great agricultural start, and laid the permanent foundation for its increase. The Illinois and Michigan canal, which comes into the southern stream at Bridgeport, passes through one of the finest agricultural districts in the State, embracing the valleys of the Au Plaine, de Plaine, Fox, Kankakee, and Illinois rivers, and finally, by means of the latter, opens up to a northern market the great corn valley of the West. This canal was first opened for business in May, 1848, and has, therefore, been but four seasons in operation. Owing, however, to a partial failure of the wheat crop in this portion of the State, during those three years, the returns of tolls are much smaller than they would otherwise have been. The effect of the water connexion of Chicago with St. Louis may, however, be seen in the impetus given to the population and commerce of the city at or near that period. The canal tolls in 1848 amounted to $83,773; in 1849, to $118,787; in 1850, to $121,972; and in 1851, to $173,590. According to Judge Thomas’s report, made in compliance with a reso- lution of the river and harbor convention, in 1847, the first shipment ot beef was made from Chicago in 1833; but that shipment must have been very trifling, since, in 1836, the whole exports from the port were valued at $1,009; in 1837 they rose to $11,065; in 1838 to $16,044; in 1839 to over $32,000; and in 1840 to $228,635. In 1840 the im- ports were valued at $562,106. Since that year the increase in every article of export has been rapid, except wheat, which, for the three years last past, exhibits a decrease. The commerce of the port of Chicago in 1851 amounts to the sum of $29,805,371, consisting of $5,395,471 exports, and $24,410,400 imports. At. first view there appears in this statement a far greater discrepancy between the value of the imports and exports than is usual even in new countries. The difference may, however, be accounted for on this consideration: that, beside large quantities of rich and costly goods, all sorts of ready-made clothing, ,hats, caps, boots, and shoes, tor the St. Louis market, are imported through Chicago, and by canal and river to their destination, all going to swell the importation returns for the extensive and growing trade of this place; whereas, the goods are, from St. Louis, distributed to all sections of the country, as yet too poor and new to remit articles of produce for exportation by the same route. ‘l’o this it must be added that casual fluctuations in the market prices at Chicago or St. Louis frequently determine the course by which inland domestic produce is shipped to the seaboard, whether by the lakes or the Mississippi, so that there may be an apparent bal- ance of trade against Chicago, when there is none such in reality. In 1851, Chicago received—mostly from the Illinois—and._ exported, no less than 3,221,317 bushels of corn; also received by lake, mostl from the lumber districts of Michigan and Wisconsin, 125,000,000 feet 12 178 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON of lumber, 60,000,000 of shingles, and 27,000,000 pieces of lath, of which, according to the Chicago Tribune—esteemed the commercial journal of that place most worthy of confidence—54,000,000 feet of lumber were shipped by canal, and 44,000,000 of these reached the Illinois river; 51,000,000 of shingles were shipped by canal, and 47,000,000 of these reached the Illinois; while of lath 12,000,000 left Chicago for the south, of which 11,000,000 passed beyond the termi- nus of the canal. The continued failure of the wheat crop in northern Illinois has turned the attention of farmers to grazing and wool growing, for which the prairie lands are admirably adapted, and of this the results are par- tially seen in the returns. In 1851 there were slaughtered and packed, for American and Eng- lish markets, in Chicago, 21,806 head of cattle. The shipments of beef during the same year were 52,856 barrels; and it is hardly neces- sary to suy that this beef is of the finest quality, for Chicago beef is at this day as well known, both in the American and English markets, for its succulence and tenderness, as if it had been an established article in the provision trade for centuries, instead of years. The growth of wool in Illinois is not yet, by any means, developed, the trade in this article not having been ten years in existence, at the utmost, yet the exports of 1851 amounted to 1,086,944 pounds. Over and above these shipments, increased by the addition of 20,000 barrels of pork, there were exported during the year great numbers of cattle, hogs, and sheep. driven, or transported by railway and steamer, from the prairies of Illinois to the markets of Buffalo, Albany, and New York, alive. If these be taken as the results of the first few years of the grazing business, what may not be expected of the great resources of these prairie States, when they shall be fully developed and brought nearer to market by the railway facilities which are already contem- plated, and perfected by the complete stocking of the grazing lands? Hemp and tobacco are also large products of this State. The arrivals at Chicago for 1851 are as follows: steamers, 662; propellers, 183; schooners, 1,182; brigs, 239; barques, 13; total, 2,279. ‘Tonnage of the season, inward, 958,600. The enrolled tonnage of the district on the 30th of June, 1851, was 23,105, being 707 tons steam, and 22,397 tons sail. The following table will exhibit the quantity and value of the prin- cipal articles of export and import coastwise, at the port of Chicago, during the year 1851: COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 179 EXPORTS. Articles. Quantity. Value. PRT EE Sele Cie rales choles orale cate’ s Lions a'e,e/nles bis HaSTE]S: 610% 71,723 $215,169 Wheat. ...cecceens Aare ae Bivaine are (sale elatecete bushels.... 436,808 262, 084 Corn. ..cees Siulabuslaisintslcip'n\c/as;s sie wren e's Dolasie(el eter Uelaieiciats 3,221,317 1,159,674 Braveyiega clei c's bine number.... 97, 420 NGS AUR ceo au: aie iete e ateee Sehate tic ae Om ioishor cleidisie' ss aha 0.0 SCOLGSs oid 5 11, ” 848 Wagons, 2.26.6 see eee Galolaty bdule/ahas a) eirleho js TMC s 6.6 9.900 Wails and!spikes. .4 sdfse bss J sjjsinisides +éess-pounds...< 2° 642 EGU OMGLIVES 01.0 «iis seirloe sf sie)es)ey.0'e a eieeie. «ype @TMUIUDET fe ie' 40,000 WRCAL HED. 2's cine creer asisalenie o's ie emiiat siae .---pounds... 20, 783 TROi veo .o = = 0030 BPRS oe REA shepelsiekewisieis Be ears tons 411, ’ 440 PRE Uitia doe sisvsieysie) wtejeterade Weave Wo "a olibet alakeho im sors sity ¢ barrels... 14; 754 GEE cisys)s\s0les o'e.0s wip Mila bie oe ieee state as a eietayealejeie GOR sie == 27,036 OeHee S/.. a in. ba 888s ania emo t so eecececeee DALSe os 135,792 a eats 5's so)» Won uial eee ayan luton eeerate cl D CE Ore setOnS. « 150,000 Sundries unenumerated SO nets Ie SURO delelovalysivis o.sia/e\a 142,190 Ee ey 24,416,400 180 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON THE LAKES. Heretofore the various districts of collection have been presented separately, with such statistics as were attainable and deemed neces- sary, in regard to their respective trade, tonnage, local resources, ave- nues and outlets for external communication, and for the facilities of exporting and importing produce, merchandise, &c. In many cases, however, the establishment of the districts being arbitrary, to suit the conveniences of the custom-house, and founded neither on geographical position, nor territorial limits of States—so that at one time characteristics the most different are presented in one and the same district, and at another many adjacent districts possess iden- tically the same qualities and facilities—it has been judged best, with a view to presenting a general and comprehensible synopsis of the va- rious regions, with their several interests, trades, improvements, and requirements of farther improvement, to give a cursory sketch of this most interestmg region, lake by lake; and thereafter to collect the whole lake country, with its interests, and influence on the cities of the Atlantic coast, and on the increase, wealth, and well-being.of the con- federacy at large, into one brief summary. Commencing, therefore, from the easternmost terminus of the lake country proper, and proceeding in due order westward, the first to be mentioned is LAKE CHAMPLAIN. This lake lies between the States of Vermont and New York, on the east and west, and for a small distance, at the northern end, within the British province of Canada East. It is about 110 miles in length from north to south, and varies in width from half a mile to 14 miles, with a depth of water varying from 54 to 282 feet. Its principal feeders are the outlet of Lake George, at Ticonderoga, the rivers Saranac, Chazy, Au Sable, Missisquoi, Winooski, and Wood and other creeks. Its outlet is by the Sorel, Richelieu, or St. John’s river, into the St. Lawrence, some 45 miles below Montreal. The New York and Vermont shores of this lake are of a character the most opposite imaginable, that to the eastward being for the most part highly cultivated, fertile, and well settled, with grazing and dairy farms, furnishing supplies for a thriving business in produce; while the counties of New York to the westward, wild, rocky, barren, and rising into vast mountains intersected by lakes, with litttle or no bottom lands and intervales, sends down lumber and iron in vast quantities; above ten thousand tons of iron ore, nine thousand of bloom and bar, and nearly three thousand of pig-iron, having passed down the lake and entered the Champlain canal in 1851. There is, moreover, a large lumber trade, partially from Canada, passing down this lake and canal, to the amount last year of 116 millions of feet. The whole value of the commerce of Lake Champlain was, for 1846, about eleven millions; for 1847, seventeen; and for 1851, above COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 181 twenty-six millions of dollars. Its licensed tonnage for the same year was 8,130. The avenues and outlets of this lake trade are the Chambly canal, and Sorel river improvements, to the St. Lawrence river, afford- ing a free navigation up or down the lakes from the Sault Ste. Marie to the Gulf of St. Lawrence; and the Champlain canal, uniting at Waterford with the Erie canal and Hudson river, and thence giving access to the port of New York and the Atlantic ocean; the Ogdens- burg railroad, from a fine port on the St. Lawrence, crossing the upper end of the lake, to Burlington, where it makes a junction with the Rutland and Vermont Central railroads, and so proceeds to Boston and the eastern harbors of the Atlantic; and the Whitehall railroad by Ballston to Troy, whence it has communication, via the Harlem and Hudson River railroads, with the city of New York—vast facilities for transportation, to which may be added all the advantages for vessels ascending the lakes, and coasting, possessed individually by each of the regions lying above it, on the St. Lawrence basin. LAKE ONTARIO. This lake is 180 miles in length by 40 miles in average width; its ‘mean depth is 500 feet, its height above the sea 232, and its area 6,300 square miles; its principal affluent is the outlet of the superfluous waters of all the great upper lakes, by the Niagara Falls and river. Its only tributaries ef any consequence are, from the Canadian side the Trent and Credit, and from the State of New York the Black river, the Oswego, and the Genesee. Its natural outlet is by the channel of the St. Lawrence, through the thousand isles, and down a steep de- scent, broken by many rapids and chutes, to Montreal; and thence without further difficulty to the ocean. The shores of this lake on both sides, but more especially on the southern or New York coast, combine perhaps the most populous, thickly-settled, and productive agricultural regions of the United States, interspersed at every few miles of length by fine and flourishing towns, and beautiful villages, resting upon a wheat country—that of Genesee— inferior to few in the world for the productiveness of its soil, and the quality of its grain, and a fruit or orchard country not easily surpassed. It has also, bordering on its southern shore, the most valuable and largely exploited salt district of the United States; while all the regions adjoining it possess rare advantages in their admirable system of in- ternal communication, and especially in the Erie canal, running nearly parallel to the lake, through their whole length for a distance of three hundred and sixty-three miles from Buffalo, on Lake Erie, to Albany, on the Hudson river. The abundant water-power afforded by the rivers falling into this side of the lake is turned to much profit for the flouring both of domestic and imported grain, for transhipment by canal for New York and the Atlantic harbors. ! The avenues and outlets of the lake are as follows: It is united with Lake Erie by the Welland canal, round the Falls of Niagara, capable of admitting vessels of twenty-six feet beam, one hundred and thirty feet over all, and nine feet draught—the heaviest that can be carried across the flats of Lakes St. Clair above, and St. 182 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Peters below—and equal to the stowage of three thousand barrels under deck. With the Gulf of St. Lawrence it has communication by the La- chine, Beauharnois, Cornwall, and Williamsburg canals, of superior capacity even to those on the Welland, constructed to admit the large lake steamboats plying between Montreal, Kingston, and Ogdensburg. Besides these, it has the Oswego canal, falling into the Erie canal at Syracuse ; and the Ogdensburg and the Oswego and Syracuse railways, uniting with the Albany and Buffalo, Great Western, Hudson river, and Vermont system of railways, having ramifications through all the New England States, and opening up to it free access to all the more important harbors on the Atlantic. In addition to these direct outlets, it of course incidentally possesses all those opening from Lake Champlain. The value of the commerce of this lake for 1851 amounted to about thirty millions, and its licensed tonnage to thirty-eight thousand tons. The first steamer was launched on this lake in 1816. LAKE ERIE. This lake, which lies between 41° 22’ and 42° 52’ N. latitude, and 78° 55’ and 83° 23’ W. longitude, is elliptical in shape; about 265 miles in length, 50 average breadth, 120 feet mean depth, and 565 feet above tide-water; 322 above the level of Lake Ontario, 52 below that of Lakes Huron and Michigan; being the shallowest, and, of consequence, most easily frozen, of all the great lakes. Lake Erie is singularly well situated with regard to the soil, char- acter, and commercial advantages of the countries circumjacent to its waters; having at its eastern and southeastern extremity the fertile and populous plains of western New York; west of this, on the southern shore, a portion of Pennsylvania, and thence to the river Maumee, at the western extremity of the lake, the whole coast—pro- ductive almost beyond comparison—of Ohio, containing the beautiful and wealthy cities of Cleveland, Sandusky, and Toledo. On the west it is bounded by a portion of the State of Michigan, and on the north by the southern shore of the rich and highly cultivated peninsula of Canada West—undoubtedly the wealthiest and best farmed district of the Canadian province, and settled by an energetic, industrious, and intelligent population, mostly of North of England extraction and habit, and differing as widely as can be conceived from the French and Irish agriculturists of the lower colony. The whole of the country around Lake Erie is, to speak in general terms, level, or very slightly rolling, with a deep, rich, alluvial soil, covered in its natural state with superb forests of oak, maple, hickory, black walnut, and in certain regions pine, and producing under culti- vation magnificent crops of wheat, corn, barley, and oats, besides feed- ing annually vast multitudes of swine and beef-cattle for the eastern, provincial, and transatlantic marts. Ne equal amount of land, perhaps, on the face of the globe, contains fewer sterile or marshy tracts, or more soil capable of high cultivation and great productiveness, than this region—as is already evidenced by its large agricultural exports; and COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 183 when it is considered that the portions under cultivation are as yet comparatively a small part of the whole, while none has probably been yet brought to the utmost limit of profitable culture, what it may one day become, is as yet wholly incalculable. This lake has few islands, and these principally toward the western end; but on the northern shores it has three considerable promonto- ries—Long Point, Landguard Point, and Point au Pelé—which do not, however, afford much shelter to shipping. The tributaries of this lake are: From Canada the Grand river, a stream of considerable volume, with fine water-power, having at its mouth the harbor of Port Maitland, probably the best on the whole lake, and the only one worthy of note on the Canada side. From New York it receives the Cattaraugus creek, and the Buffalo creek, at the outlet of which is the flourishing city and fine harbor of Buffalo. From Ohio it is increased by the waters of the Maumee, Portage, Sandusky, Vermillion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, and Conneaut rivers, and by those of the Elk and some other small streams from Pennsyl- vania. Infinitely its largest and most important affluent is, however, the wide and deep river of Detroit, which, flowing down—with a rapid stream and mighty volume of water—a descent of 52 feet in some 60 miles, pours into it the accumulated surplus of the three mighty lakes above it, and all their tributary waters. Its natural outlet is the Niagara river, which, with an average width of three quarters of a mile and a depth of forty feet, descends, in about 30 miles, 322 feet over the foaming rapids and incomparable cataract of Niagara, which of course prevents the possibility of navigation or flotation down the stream, though it is crossed at several points by fer- ries of various kinds. Lake Erie, however, is connected with Ontario by the Welland canal, a noble work on the Canadian side, having a descent of 334 feet effected by means of 37 locks, and passable from lake to lake by ves- sels of 134 feet over all, 26 feet beam, and 9 feet draught, stowing 3,000 barrels under deck. By means of this fine improvement, it has free egress to Lake On- tario, and thence to the St. Lawrence; and by the various improve- ments of that river, and communications from Ontario and Champlain, to many points, as heretofore enumerated, on the Atlantic seaboard. The artificial outlets of this lake are very numerous, and no less im- portant; many of them already of considerable age, and reflecting much credit on the early energy and enterprise of the State of New York, by which they were principally constructed, in order to secure a precedence in the trade of the great West. These are, the Welland canal, as described; the Erie canal, connecting the waters of Lake Erie with the Hudson river, and thus by direct navigation with the Atlantic; the Erie and Beaver canal, from Erie, Pennsylvania, to Beaver, on the Ohio, affording access to Pittsburg and Cincinnatti; the Ohio canal, connecting it with the Ohio river at Portsmouth, one hundred miles above Cincinnatti, and again (by a branch to Beaver) with the same river about forty miles below Pitts- burg; the Erie and Miami canal, from Toledo to Cincinnati; and the Wabash canal, connecting the Miami and Erie with the Ohio at Evans- 184 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ville, in Indiana; and with the Wabash river navigation at Lafayette, in the same State. For land steam transportation it has the New York Central railway to Albany, where it communicates with the Great Western, Hudson river, Harlem, Housatonic, and all the eastern railroads; the Buffalo and Corning and New York railroad, connecting at Hornelsville and Corning with the Erie railroad, direct from Dunkirk to New York city, and the projected Buffalo and Brantford railway to Brantford, Canada West. It has, again, through the State of Ohio, the Cleveland and Co- lumbus railway, the Columbus and Xenia railway, and the Little Mi- am railway, to Cincinnati; the Sandusky and Mansfield railway, con- necting with the Cleveland and Columbus road at Shelby ; the Madison and Lake Erie railroad, from Sandusky city to Springfield, and thence by the Little Miami railroad, in one connexion, and by the Great Mi- ami railroad (the Cincinnat:, Hamilton and Dayton road) in another, to Cincinnati; and the Lake Shore railway, destined to be carried to To- ledo, where it will connect with the Michigan Southern raiiroad to the head of Lake Michigan and to Detroit, whence it will have access to New Buffalo and Chicago, and ultimately to Galena and the Missis- sippi, and Fond du Lac, Winnebago, and Green Bay, oa Lake Mich- igan. : The estimated value of the commerce of Lake Erie is $209,712,520. But it is difficult to define accurately between the lakes, so closely is their trade intermingled. The licensed tonnage of the lake is 138,852 tons, of which a large and increasing proportion is steam. LAKE ST. CLAIR. This small lake, which forms the connecting link, by means of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, between Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Erie, is but an inconsiderable sheet of water if compared with the vast inland seas above and below it, not exceeding twenty miles in length by thirty in width. It has an average depth of twenty feet of water, although its mud flats between Algonac and the embouchure of the Thames river are extremely shoal, covered with luxuriant crops of wild rice, and navigable only by a shallow and tortuous channel, never capable of ad- mitting above nine, and im dry seasons not more than seven or eight feet burden. It receives from the Canadian shore the Thames river, with some smaller strearns, the principal of which is the Chenail Ecarté; and from Michigan the river Clinton, at the mouth of which is Mt. Clements, which with Algonac, at the outlet of the St. Clair, its principal affluent, are the only shipping places on its waters. At the upper end, Lake St. Clair is filled with many large, low islands, some of them bearing such trees as love the waters ; these being capable of some degree of cultivation, and others mere flats, covered with wild meadows, affording rank grass as their sole production. From the prin- cipal channel, looking toward the Canadian coast, the whole expanse of the lake, for many miles’ distance, resembles a vast morass of the waving wild rice, intersected by small winding bayous; close to the Canadian a COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 185 shore, however, there is another pass from the mouth of the Thames lakeward. This lake has little commerce proper to itself beyond the sale of wood, fruit, vegetables, and supplies for passing steamers and sailing craft, although some ship building is done on its waters, and the largest steamboat running on the lakes launched upon them. No separate returns of the small shipping places in the district of De- troit having been made since 1847, it is impossible even to approximate the trade of Lake St. Clair; but when it is considered that the whole business of the upper lakes, including the prosperous towns and im- measurably wealthy back countries on both sides of Lake Michigan, and all the mineral regions of Lakes Huron and Superior, pass through this outlet, it cannot but appear at a glance how vitally necessary is the action of Congress for the removal of the obstructions in Lake St. Clair and Lake St. George, and the construction of a ship canal around the _ Sault Ste. Marie; nor can it fail to strike every one who compares the apathy of the American government, in opening the navigation of the upper lakes and the St. Lawrence, with the energy and earnestness dis- played by the British and Provincial authorities in conquering the far superior obstacles presented to navigation on its lower waters, and in perfecting a free ingress and egress from the ports of Lakes Huron and Michigan to the tide-waters of the Atlantic ocean. ~* The commerce of all the lakes to the northward and westward of Lake Erie has an estimated value of above sixty millions of dollars, with a licensed tonnage of nearly thirty thousand tons of steam and sail—a wonderful amount, when the brief period of the existence of this trade, and of the States themselves which furnish it, is taken into con- sideration. LAKE HURON. This superb sheet of water lies between Lake Superior on the north- west, Lade Michigan on the southwest and west, and Lakes Erie and Ontario on the south and southeast. It is two hundred and sixty miles in length, and one hundred and sixty in breadth in its widest part, in- clusive of the Georgian bay, a vast expanse—almost a separate lake— divided from it by the nearly continuous chain of promontory and islands formed by the great peninsula of Cabot’s Head, the Manitoulin, Cockburn, and Drummond groups, up to Point de Tour, the eastern- most cape of northern Michigan. It is said to contain thirty-two thou- sand islands, principally along the northern shore and at the north- western end, varying im size from mere rocky reefs and pinnacles to large and cultivable isles. The surface of Lake Huron is elevated five hundred and ninety-six feet above the surface of the Atlantic, and de- pressed forty-five below that of Lake Superior, and four below that of Michigan. Its greatest depth is one thousand feet, near the west shore. Its mean depth is nine hundred feet. It is bounded on the north and east by the Canadian shore, which, above Goderich, is bold and rocky, carrying a great depth of water to the base of the iron-bound coast, with an interior country which may be generally described as a desolate and barren wilderness. 186 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON At the southern extremity of the Great Georgian bay, whence there is a portage via Lake Sincoe to Toronto, not exceeding a hundred miles in length—the future line of a projected railway—is the small naval and military station of Penetanguishine, with some unimportant Canadian settlements on the river Wye, Nottawasauga bay, Owen’s sound, &c., and on the islands westward of it some considerable reserves of Chippewa and Pottawatomie Indians. Far up the northern shore are the Bruce mines, under the Lacloche mountains, and opposite to them the settlement on the fertile and partially cultivated island of St. Joseph. These are all the signs of cultivation or improvement on the British side, below the river St. Mary’s, on which there is a long, straggling village, with a fort or station of the Hudson Bay Company, over against the American village at the Sault. On the west it has the eastern coast of Michigan, with the deep indentation of Saginaw bay, as yet thinly settled and only cultivated to a limited degree, though the lands of the interior are of unsurpassed excellence and fertility as a grain country, and at the present time extremely valuable for their fine lumber. Lake Huron is ill-provided with natural harbors, having none on the eastern shore, except that afforded by the entrance of a small river at Goderich, between the St. Clair river and Cape Hurd, on Cabot’s Head. The western shore has—though somewhat better provided—only two or three safe places of shelter in heavy weather, the principal and best of which are Thunder bay and Saginaw bay, the latter of which con- tains several secure and commodious havens. This lake has no out- lets of any kind for its commerce, except the natural channel of its waters, by the river, and across the flats of St. Clair to the eastward— no canal or railroad as yet opening on its shores; though it will cer- tainly not be many years—perhaps not many months—before the great Western railroad through Canada will open to it, via Penetanguishine, Hamilton, and the Niagara Falls and Buffalo railways, a direct and very short communication with the Atlantic seaboard—making a saving of above six hundred miles of distance from the Sault Ste. Marie. By the straits of Mackinaw it has an outlet to the southward, into Lake Michigan, and enjoys through it communication, via Green bay and Lake Winnebago, the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, with the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico. LAKE MICHIGAN. This, which is second of the great lakes in size—inferior only to Lake Superior—is, in situation, soil, and climate, in many respects, preferable to them all. Its southern extremity running southward, into fertile agricultural regions, nearly two degrees to the south of Albany, and the whole of its great southern peninsula being embosomed in fresh waters, its climate to the southward is mild and equable, as its soil is rich and productive. It lies between 41° 58’ and 46° north latitude, and 84° 40’ and 87° 8’ west longitude; is 360 miles in length, and 60 in average breadth; contains 16,981 square miles, and has a mean depth of 900 feet. On its western shore it has the great indentation of Green bay, itself equal to the largest European lakes, being a hundred — ——————— a COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 187 miles in length, by thirty in breadth, well sheltered at its mouth, by the Traverse islands, and having for its principal affluent the outlet of Lake Winnebago and the Fox river. The other principal tributaries of Lake Michigan are the Manistee, Maskegon, Grand, Kalamazoo, and St. Joseph rivers, from the southern peninsula of Michigan ; the Des Plaines, O’Plaines, and Chicago rivers from Indiana and Illinois ; and from the northern peninsula of Michigan, the Menomonie, Escanaba, Noquet, White-fish, and Manistee rivers. The lake is bounded to the eastward by the rich and fertile lands of the southern peninsula of Michigan—sending out vast supplies of all the cereal grains—wheat and maize especially—equal if not superior in quality to any raised in the United States; on the south and south- west by Indiana and Illinois—supplying corn and beef of the finest quality, in superabundance, for exportation; on the west by the pro- ductive grain and grazing lands and lumbering districts of Wisconsin ; and on the northwest and north by the invaluable and not yet half- explored mineral districts of northern Michigan. The natural outlet of its commerce, as of its waters, is by the straits of Mackinac into Lake Huron, and thence by the St. Clair river down the St. Lawrence, or any of internal improvements of the lower lakes, and the States hereinbefore described. Of internal communications it already possesses many, both by canal and railroad, equal to those of almost any of the older States, in length and availability, and inferior to none in importance. First, it has the Green bay, Lake Winnebago, and Fox river im- provement, connecting it with the Wisconsin river, by which it has access to the Mississippi river, and thereby enjoys the commerce of its upper valleys, and its rich lower lands and prosperous southern cities 5 and second, the Illinois and Michigan canal, rendering the great corn valley of the Illinois tributary to its commerce. By railways, again, home or projected, it has, or will shortly have, connexion with the isSissippi, in its upper waters and lead regions, via the Milwaukie and Mississippi and the Chicago and Galena lines. To the eastward, by the Michigan Central and Southern railroads, it communicates with the Lake Shore road, and thence with all the eastern lines from Buffalo to Boston ; and to the southward it will speedily be united, by the great system of projected railroads through Illinois and Indiana, to the Mis- sissippi and Ohio river. It is impossible not to be convinced, on surveying the magnificent system of internal improvements so energetically carried out by these still young, and, as it were, embryo States, that if they were, ina degree, anticipatory of their immediate means and resources, they were not really in advance of the requirements of the age and country. This is sufficiently proved by their triumphant success, and bythe high position of population, civilization, agricultural and commercial rank to which they and they alone have raised, as if by magic, the so lately unexplored and untrodden wildernesses of the west. By the strong, deep, and rapid river of St. Mary’s, with its broad and foaming Sault, Lakes Michigan and Huron are connected with what may be called the headmost of the great lakes, though itself the recipi- ent of the waters of a line of lakes extending hundreds of miles farther 188 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON to the northwestward, though unnavigable except to the canoes of the savage. LAKE SUPERIOR. Lake Superior is bounded on the south by the northern peninsula of Michigan and part of Wisconsin, on the west and northwest by a por- tion of the Minnesota Territory, and on the north and northeast by the British possessions. The lands immediately adjoining it are, for the most part, sterile, barren, and rugged beyond description, consisting, for the most part, on the southern shore, of detrital, and on the northern, of igneous rocks, covered with a sparse and stunted growth of pines and other evergreens, mixed with the feeble northern vegetation of birch, aspen, and other deciduous trees of those regions. Little of the shores, it is believed, are susceptible of cultivation; and it is likely, when these wild districts become—as they one day will, beyond doubt—the seat of a large laborious population, that its mhabitants will depend mainly for their supplies of food and necessaries, as of luxuries, on the more genial regions to the south and eastward. The tributary rivers of this lake are numerous, and, bringing down a large volume of water, afford superabundant water-power for manufactories the most extensive in the world, though, from their precipitous descent and numerous falls and chutes, they can never be rendered navigable for more than a few miles above their mouths except for canoes; and even for these, owing to the number and difficulty of the portages, the ascent is laborious in the extreme. That these regions will, at no very distant future period, be largely, if never densely, peopled, may be held certain, since, from the east to the west the whole southern shore abounds with copper—not, as it is generally found, in ore yielding a few per cent., but in vast veins of almost virgin metal, the extent of which is yet unexplored, as it is probably unsuspected and incalculable. So long ago as when the French Jesuits discovered these remote and desolate regions, early in the seventeenth century, these mines were known and worked by the Indians, who, at that time, possessed implements and ornaments of copper. They concealed, however, the situation of these mines with a superstitious mystery; and as instruments and weapons of iron and steel were introduced among them by the white man, the use of copper fell into abeyance, and the existence of the mines themselves was lost in oblivion. Within a few years there have been rediscovered several mines— some of which, and those by no means the least productive, have been discovered within a year or two of this date—which are now in the full current of successful exploitation. Many more are doubtless yet to be discovered, as the whole region is evidently one vast bed of sub- terraneous treasure. ‘The isles Royale and Michipicoton are also, beyond question, full of copper, as are portions of the British coast to the northward, where two or three mining stations have been already established, with more or less prospects of success. The grounds of these prospects, and the character of the country and its mineral depos- ites, are very ably and graphically described in the interesting memor, by Dr. Jackson, on the geology, mineralogy, and topography of Lake ‘ COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 189 Superior, which is appended to this report, and which, it is believed, contains most correct and valuable information. As yet, beyond the mining stations and the village at the Sault, Lake Superior has no towns or places of business except the points for shipping tne mineral products of her soil, and receiving the supplies necessary to the subsistence of the men and animals employed in the exploitation of her treasures. Nor beyond this has she any trade, un- less it be the exportation of her white-fish and lake trout, which are unequalled by any fish in the world for excellence of flavor and nu- tritious qualities. The only inlet for merchandise, or outlet for the produce of this vast lake, and the wide regions dependent on it, is the portage around the’ Sault, across which every article has to be transported at prodigious labor and expense; whereas, by a little less exclusive devotion to what are deemed their own immediate interest, on the part of the individual States of the Union, and a little more activity and enter- prise on that of the general government, am easy channel might be constructed at an expense so trivial as to be merely nominal, the results of which would be advantages wholly incalculable to the commerce of all the several States, to the general. wealth and well-being of the nation, and to the almost immediate remuneration of the outlay to the general government by the increased price of, and demand for, the public lands in those regions. Geology, Mineralogy, and Topography of the lands around Lake Superior ; by Cuarwes I’. Jackson, M. v., late United States Geologist and Chem- ist, Assayer to the State of Massachusetts, and late Geologist to the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and for the public lands of Massachusetts. Lake Superior is the largest sheet of fresh water on the face of the globe, and is the most remarkable of the great American lakes, not only from its magnitude, but also from the picturesque scenery of its borders, and the interest and value attaching to its geological features. Asa mining region it is one of the most important in this country, and is rich in veins of metallic copper and silver, as well as in the ores of those metals. At the present moment it may be regarded as the most valua- ble mining district in North America, with the exception only of the gold deposites of California. This great lake is comprised between the 46th and 49th degrees of north latitude, and the 84th and 92d degrees of longitude, west of Greenwich. Its greatest length is 400 miles; its width in the middle is 160 miles, and its mean depth has been estimated at 900 feet. Its sur- face is about 600 feet above the level of the Atlantic ocean, and its bot- tom is 300 feet below the level of the sea. The ancient French Jesuit Fathers, who first explored and described this great lake, and published an account of it in Paris in 1636, describe the form of its shores as similar to that of a bended bow, the northern shore being the arc, and the southern the cord, while Keweenaw Point, projecting from the 190 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON southern shore to the middle of the lake, is the arrow. This graphic description is illustrated by a map, prepared by them, which displays the geographical position of the shores of this great lake with as much fidelity as most of the common maps of our own day, and proves that those early explorers were perfectly familiar with its shores, and knew how to make geographical surveys with considerable exactness. Refer- ence to a former report to the government of the United States by my- self, (31st Congress, Ist session, Ex. Doc. No. 5, part 3d, Washington, 1849,) fully demonstrates how much was known to the early French explorers of the geography and mineral resources of Lake Superior and the regions circumadjacent ; and that report will be found, notwith- standing some omissions and interpolations, for which I do not hold myself responsible, to contain much that will tend to throw light on the mineral resources of the public lands lying along the southern shores of the lake. The coast of Lake Superior is formed of rocks of various kinds and of different geological groups. ‘The whole coast of the lake is rock- bound, and in some places mountain masses of considerable elevation rear themselves from the immediate shore, while mural precipices and ectling crags oppose themselves to the surges of this mighty lake, and threaten the unfortunate mariner, who may be caught in a storm upon a lee shore, with almost inevitable destruction. Small coves, or boat harbors, are abundantly afforded by the myriads of indentations upon the rocky coast; and there are a few good snug harbors for vessels of moderate capacity, such as steamboats, schooners, and the like. Isle Royale, though rarely visited by the passing vessels, affords the best harbors. Keweenaw Point has two bays in which vessels find shelter, viz. Copper harbor and Eagle harbor. Adequate protection may be found from the surf under the lee of the Apostle islands, at La Pointe; and there is tolerable anchorage at the Sault de Ste. Marie, the port of embarcation upon St. Mary’s river, at the outlet of the lake. There are but few islands in Lake Superior; and in this respect it differs most remarkably from Lake Huron, which is thickly dotted with isles and islets, especially on its northern shore. Owing to the lofty crags which surround Lake Superior, the winds sweeping over the lake impinge upon its surface so abruptly as to raise a peculiarly deep and combing sea, which is extremely dangerous to boats and small craft. It is not safe, on this account, to venture far out into the lake in batteaux; and hence voyageurs generally hug the shore, in order to be able to take land in case of sudden storms. During the months of June, July, and August, the navigation of the lake is ordinarily safe; but after the middle of September great caution is re- quired in navigating its waters, and boatmen of experience never ven- ture far from land, or attempt long traverses across bays. Their boats are always drawn far up on the land at every camping-place for the night, lest they should be staved to pieces by the surf, which is liable at any moment to rise and beat with great fury upon the beaches. The northern or Canadian shore of the lake is most precipitous, and consequently most dangerous to the navigator. On the south shore, again, the sandstone cliffs, which rise in mural or overhanging preci- pices directly from the water’s edge for many miles, afford no landing- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 191 places. This is the case especially along the cliffs at the Pictured Rocks, and on the coast of Keweenaw bay, called I’ Anse by the French voyageurs. On the coast of Isle Royale there are beautiful boat harbors scattered along its whole extent on both sides of the island; and at its easterly extremity the long spits of rocks, which project like fingers far into the lake, afford abundant shelter for boats or small vessels, while at the western end of the island there is a large and well-sheltered bay, called Washington harbor. Near Siskawit bay the navigator must beware of the gently-shelving red sandstone strata which run for many miles ont into the lake, witha few feet only of water covering them. Rock harbor, on the south side of the island, is a large and perfectly safe harbor for any vessels, and has good holding ground for anchorage, with a very bold shore; while the numerous islands, which stand like so many castles at its entrance, protect it from the heavy surges of the lake. The whole aspect of this . bay is not unlike that of the bay of Naples, though there is no modern volcano in the back ground to complete the scene. None of the American lakes can compare with Lake Superior in healthfulness of climate during the summer months, and there is no place so well calculated to restore the health of an invalid who has suffered from the depressing miasms of the fever-breeding soil of the southwestern States. In winter the climate is severe, and at the Sault Ste. Marie mercury not unfrequently freezes ; but on Keweenaw Point, where the waters of the lake temper the chillness of the air, the cold is not excessive, and those who have resided there during the winter say that the cold is not more difficult of endurance than in the New England States. Heavy snows fall in mid-winter on this promontory, owing to its almost insular situation ; but the inhabitants are well skilled in the use of snow-shoes, so that the snow is not regarded as an ob- stacle to the pedestrian, while on the newly-made roads the sleds and sleighs soon beat a track, on which gay winter parties ride and frolic during the long winter evenings of this high northern latitude. From researches which I have made, it appears that the mean annual tem- perature at Copper Harbor, on Keweenaw Point, is 42°; and from my experiments on the temperature of the lake, at different seasons of the year, the waters of this great lake are shown to preserve a constant tem- perature of about 394° or 40° F., which is that of water at its maxi- mum density. It is known that Lake Superior never freezes in the middle, nor any- where except near its shores, from which the ice very rarely extends to more than ten or fifteen miles distance. Occasionally, in severe win- ters, the ice does extend from the Canada shore to Isle Royale, which is from fifteen to twenty miles distant; so that the caribou and moose cross over on it to the island, whither the Indian hunters sometimes follow them over the same treacherous bridge, liable, although it is, to be suddenly broken into fragments by the surges of the lake. By the action of drifting ice, not only have boulders of rocks and of native copper been transported far from their native beds, and depos- ited upon the shore at distant places, but even animals, such as squir- rels, rabbits, deer, moose, caribou, and bears, have thus navigated 192 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON the waters of Lake Superior, and been landed on islands to which they could not otherwise have gained access. The mouth of every river on the lake shore reveals, by the debris brought down by ice in the spring freshets, the nature of the rocks and minerals which occur in its immediate banks or bed; and thus indicates to the explorer the proper places where to search for ores or metals. The early French explorers noticed the fact of the transportation of masses of native copper and rock by drift ice, but they made no use of these facts to discover the native deposites of metals in the rocks which border on the rivers. It was by following the hint drawn from these traces that my assistant and myself were enabled, in 1844 and 1845, to discover and make known to the country those valuable mines, which have so astonished the world by their metallic contents, and which subsequently induced the government of the United States to undertake a geological survey of that teritory, with the conduct of _ which I was charged by the Hon. Robert J. Walker, late Secretary of the Treasury, and which I effected, so far as it was possible to do so, before my labors were brought to an abrupt conclusion, by circum- stances over which I had no control. To the construction of a canal around the falls of the Sault Ste. Marie, one of the principal obstacles will be found in the winter’s ice, against which the locks at the entrance to the canal must be guarded, or the work, however strong, will be overturned and destroyed. Vessels of any considerable burden cannot approach the shore nearer than about half a mile. The canal must, therefore, be carried out into the water to that distance, and the form of the ice-breakers, guards, or mole, must be such as to allow the ice to rise over them, and not to press against perpendicular walls. This is to be done by giving a proper slope, or bevel, to the walls, so that the ice will ride up them and break into pieces. By this method the harbor and entrance locks may be sufficiently protected against the driving and expanding ice of the lake and St. Mary’s river. The opening of a ship canal between Lake Superior and the lower lakes is one of the most important enterprises of the day, and it is only to be regretted that Congress has thought it best to appropriate land instead of applying money directly to the execution of this great work, which may now be delayed for some time, to the great disadvantage of the country at large.. So soon as the canal above mentioned shall be completed, the summer tour of travellers will be extended to a cruise around Lake Superior, and from La Pointe many will cross over to the Falls of St. Anthony, on the Mississippi river; and thus explorers will find it easy to gain access to remote regions, now seldom visited by white men. The importance of this enterprise can hardly be over- estimated, and its consequence will be the vast facilitation and increase of the commerce of Lake Superior, and the incalculable enhancement of the value of the public lands, while a tide of immigration may be looked for from Norway, Sweden, and the north of Europe, as well ag from the New England States, pouring into the northwestern wilder- ness, and subduing the forests, and extending far and wide the area of freedom and civilization. The time will doubtless come when a canal or railway will be made COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 193 to the Falls of St. Anthony ; and possibly we may see the trade of Hud- son’s bay flowing into the United States, through Lake Superior and our other great lakes andrivers. For that great bay is but fifteen days’ canoe voyage from Lake Superior, and the portages are few and not long, so that the British Hudson’s Bay Fur Company carry on constant communication with their factories upon the bay from their posts upon Lake Superior ; and their agents at the British posts in. Oregon travel from their stations on the borders of the Pacific ocean, by way of Hud- son’s bay and Lake Superior, on their route to Great Britain. This northern region has unfortunately been always, hitherto, undervalued. It is now known to be one of the most important mineral regions in America; and it should be borne in mind that there are deposites of native copper on Copper Mine and McKenzie’s rivers, in the same kinds of rock that contain the stupendous lodes of this metal on Keweenaw Point and the Ontonagon rivers. Every means that tend to carry our population farther northward will tend to bring to light and to practical utility the mineral treasures of those regions ; while trade in furs and seal-skins will be brought nearer to us by enterprising men, it matters not whether of the British provinces or of the United States of America. The time is now come when the public faith is settled on the value of mineral productions; and it is understood that good working mines are sure to command and reward the energies of capitalists and miners, _ since it is proved that mining is liable to no greater risks of failure than ordinary mercantile enterprises, provided due precaution be exercised by the adventurers in the selection of their mines and in working them to advantage. ROCKS OF LAKE SUPERIOR LAND DISTRICT. On approaching the Sault Ste. Marie by the St. Mary’s river the geologist has an opportunity of discovering the age of the sandstone strata, by observing that the limestones of Saint Joseph’s island, and of the other numerous isles in that river, are rocks of the Devonian group, and contain the characteristic fossils by which that rock is determined to be the equivalent of those of Eifel, as has been fully proved by Mons. ‘Jules Marcou, the geologist sent to the United States by the govern- ment of France, to make collections for the Museum of Geology in the Jardin des Plantes of Paris. These Devonian rocks, like those of Macki- nac, have been mistaken by two geologists who have reported upon this district for Siberian limestones ; by whom the geological position of the sandstone of the Sault Ste. Marie has also been mistaken, in their supposing that it passed beneath these Devonian rocks, when it in reality is above them, as it is seen to rest horizontally around Silu- rian limestone, near Sturgeon river, on Keweenaw Point, beneath which it cannot pass, considering the fact that the limestone in question has a dip of thirty degrees from the horizon, while the sandstone at that place is quite horizontal. It is obvious, then, that the red and gray sandstones of Lake Superior are above Devonian rocks, and therefore cannot be older than the coal formation ; while from their lithlogical characters they appear to belong to the Permian system of Verneuil and Murchison. Above the Sault 13 194. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON we see these red and gray sandstones dipping at a gentle angle into the lake, showing that they do in fact dip directly opposite to the direction that would be required to make them dip beneath the limestone on St. Mary’s river. This question is one of some importance; since, if the sandstones of Lake Superior were, as has been erroneously alleged, of the Potsdam group, they would be out of all accordance with the ascertained facts of geological science, and would break into the system of the best known laws of elevation of strata and of order of super-position. In point of fact the sandstones of Lake Superior are the exact equiva- lents of those of Nova Scotia, where trap-rocks of the same age as those on Lake Superior pass through it and produce precisely the same resulis as I have already described in my reports on the geology and mines of Lake Superior, bearing in the same way more or less native copper, with occasional particles of silver. Now, Potsdam. sand- stone never presents any such results in any part of America; and to call that of Lake Superior its equivalent, is but to lead people astray, and to nourish false hopes of finding copper and silver where it does not occur, while a great error introduced into science cannot fail to produce the most mischievous results. On this account, Ihave thought proper to notice an error which would not otherwise be worthy of refu- tation. Leaving the Sault and cruising along the southern shore of the lake, with an occasional trip inland, we come to cliffs of sandstone, and then to rocks called metamorphic, which extend from Chocolate to Carp and Dead rivers, and find slate rocks, granite rocks, sienite, hornblend rock, and chlorite slate. In this group of primary rocks we find moun- tain masses of excellent specular iron ore and magnetic iron ore mixed. These mountains of iron ore were originally explored under my direc- tions, by Mr. Joseph Stacy, of Maine, who first called public attention to them in 1845. They were subsequently examined by Dr. John Locke, and Dr. Wm. F. Channing, while serving as my assistants in the geological survey of this region in 1847. There is an immense supply of the richest kind of iron ore in these hills, and the Jackson Iron Company of Michigan has erected forges for making blooms for bar-iron—the quality of which is excellent. This region may be called one of the important iron-districts of Lake Supe- rior, and will become of great value at some future day, when there shall be facilities for transportation of the ore to the coal districts of Ohio. : The granitic and sienite rocks occupy a considerable tract of land which has not yet been explored, and has only been run over by the linear surveyors, who have brought out fragments indicating the coun- try to the westward of the sandstone, on the coast, to be crystalline ; but the geological relations of the two rocks have never been ascer- tained, nor have their mineral contents been seen by any one. Following the coast to l’Anse, or Keweenaw bay, we find on the south side of that bay large beds of slate rocks, some of which are good novaculite or whetstone slate. On the northern side of the bay we find a long series of cliffs of red sandstone perfectly horizontal, or at most wavy, extending all the way to Béte Gris. This sandstone, as before COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 195 observed at Sturgeon river, surrounds a mass of Silurian limestone containing shells, known as the Pentamerus oblongus, one of which I dis- covered in a piece of the limestone brought to me by one of my assist- ants in 1848. At Lac la Belle and at Mt. Houghton the trap-rocks occur, and ride over the sandstone strata after passing between their layers; and at Mt. Houghton the igneous agency of this trap-rock has changed the fine sandstone into a kind of jasper. At Lac la Belle, on Bohemian mountain, we have regular veins of the gray sulphuret of copper, contaming a certain proportion of sulphu- ret of silver. Mines have been opened on this hill, but have not thus far proved successful, since the ore requires preparation by machinery not yet to be procured in that region. Lac la Belle is a most beautiful sheet of water, bordered by moun- tains or steep hills, such as Mt. Houghton and Bohemian mountain, while on the south the horizontal plains of sandstone stretch away in the distance and are covered with a growth of forest trees. Leaving Lac la Belle, we pass down a serpentine stream which enters the great lake. Then following the coast, we pass beneath frowning crags and visit the falls of the Little Montreal stream. All this coast consists of trap-rocks, and of a kind of porphyry or compact red feldspar. No copper veins of any value occur on the coast this side of the point, though many companies have wasted their money in attempts to work calcareous spar veins that are perfectly dead lodes, or free from cop- per. At the extremity of the point, agates are found in amygdaloidal ‘trap-rocks, and on the shore in the form of rolled pebbles. Doubling the cape, we soon pass Horseshoe cove and reach Copper harbor, the site of Fort Wilkins, and one of the first places where cop- per ore was noticed by the French Jesuits; since whose time it has ever been known to the voyageurs on the lake under the name of the green rock. While constructing the fort at Copper Harbor, numerous boulders of black oxide of copper, a very rare ore of that metal, were discovered ; and before long a vein of this valuable ore was discovered in the con- glomerate rocks, near the pickets which enclose the parade ground. This was found to be a continuation of the vein called the green rock at Hayes’s Point, and was immediately opened by the Boston and Pittsburg Mining Company. Unfortunately, however, the vein was soon cut off, as 1 had ventured to predict it would be, by a heavy stra- tum of fine-grained red sandstone, which is not cupriferous. There the vein was fuund to consist wholly of calcareous spar, and of earthy minerals of no economical value. The miners were then transferred to the cliff near Eagle river, where I had surveyed a valuable vein of native copper, mixed with silver. This vein has since been fully proved, and is one of the wonders of the world ; there being solid masses of pure copper in the vein, of more than 100 tons weight each, besides masses of smaller size in other parts of the vein. This mine has produced about 900 tons of copper per annum, and is one of the most valuable copper mines in the coun- try. It isa regular metallic vem, in amygdaloidal trap-rock, which underlies the compact trap-rock that caps the hill. The spot is one of 196 | ANDREWS’ REPORT ON the finest locations for mining purposes that I have seen, the vein being exposed in the face of a cliff 300 feet above the level of the southwest branch of Eagle river. This vein, when first discovered, was far from disclosing its real value. A perpendicular vein of prehnite, six inches wide at the top of the cliff, was observed to contain a few particles of copper and silver, not amounting to more than two per cent. of the mass. About half way down the cliff this vein of prehnite was found to be a foot and a half wide, and contained five and a half per cent. of copper and some silver. It was thought worth while to drive a level into the lower part of the cliff, where, according to the rate of widen- ing of the vein, it ought to be from two to three feet wide. This was done at my suggestion, and a magnificent lode of copper was disclosed; many lumps of solid copper of several hundred weight being found mixed with the vein-stone. On sinking a shaft at this point the solid metallic copper was soon found to occupy nearly the whole width of the chasm, and immense blocks of copper are now taken from this vein by the miners, who are working levels 300 or more feet below the mouth of the shaft. Large quantities of lumps of copper called barrel ore, and rock rich in smaller pieces of copper, mixed with silver, are now raised, this last being called stamp ore, and worked by stamping and washing the ore. From this stamp work about five thousand dol- lars’ worth of pure silver is picked out by hand, and much is still left among the finer particles of metal and goes into the melted copper. Suitable cupelling furnaces will ultimately be erected for the separa- tion of all the silver from this rich argentiferous stamp work, lead being the appropriate metal for its extraction by eliquation and cupellation. There are other valuable copper mines on Eagle river. The North American Company, which has one end of the cliff vein, called the South Cliff mine, and another on which their mining operations com- menced some years ago, is at present in successful operation, and will add much to the exports of copper from the lake. The Lake Superior Copper Company, which was the first that en- - gaged in those mining operations that gave value to this district, opened its first mines on Eagle river in 1844. Under the very unfavorable state of things which then existed in the savage and uncivilized state of the country, and after two or three years’ labor, they very unfortunately sold their mines, at the precise moment when they were upon the vein that now has been proved to be so very rich in copper and silver. The Phoenix Copper Company, formed of the remains of the Lake Su- perior Company, opened these mines anew; and now these give ample encouragement to the new adventurers, who will doubtless reap their reward in valuable returns for their labor and enterprise. A new vein a little to the eastward of the first that was opened, on the river’s borders, is said to give promise of valuable returns. The Copper Falls mine, another branch of the Lake Superior Com- pany, is also engaged in working valuable veins of native copper and silver, and has sent some of their metals to market. The Northwest Company has a valuable mine a few miles from Eagle Harbor, and the metal raised therefrom is very rich and abun- dant, some of it being mixed with sprigs and particles of metallic silver. This mine, if opened with due skill, and in as bold a manner as that of COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 197 the Boston and Pittsburg Company at the cliff, cannot fail to prove of great value. There is also a mine, owned by the Northwestern Company, near the Copper Falls mine, in the rear of Eagle Harbor, which is also rich in native copper, but I do not know its present condition. A mine was also opened at Eagle Harbor, which gave a large yield of copper mixed with laumonite; but the mine was opened like a quarry, and was close to the waters of the lake. It was, therefore, soon flooded, and was consequently abandoned by the miners. There is also a mine called the Forsyth, which is probably a valu- able one, but it was not opened at the time I made my surveys. I obtained fine specimens of copper and silver from this vein, and sent them to Washington, with the large collection I made for the United States government, and they are now to be seen with my collection in the Smithsonian Institute. A full and minute descriptive catalogue of the collection I made for the United States government was sent by me, as a part of my report, to the late Secretary of the Interior; but it has not been printed, though it was the most valuable part of my report, and is absolutely necessary for the full understanding thereof, and for learning the nature, locality, and value of each specimen in the collection made by me. The rocks which contain native copper, on Keweenaw Point, are of that kind called amygdaloidal trap, which is a vesicular rock, formed by the interfusion of sandstone and trap-rock, and is the product of the combination of the two gaseous bubbles, or aqueous vapors, which have blown it into a sort of scoria at the time of its formation. It is in this rock that we find the copper-bearing prehnite and other vein- stones peculiar to the copper lodes. In Nova Scotia the same facts were observed by Mr. Alger and myself, only that there the copper is more abundant in the brecciated trap, or a trap tuff; which lies below the amygdaloid. Prehnite does not occur in Nova Scotia trap, but in its stead we find analcime, laumonite, and stilbite, as the minerals accompanying the native copper. On Isle Royale we have phenomena similar to those observed on Keweenaw Point: long belts of trap-rock, with bands of a con- glomerate of coarse water-worn pebbles, and strata of fine red sand- stone. The trap-rocks rest on the strata of sandstone, after passing between thin strata; and at the line of contact, and for a considerable distance, we have an amygdaloidal structure developed. It is probable that the trap-rock was poured over the sandstone strata while the whole was submerged, and that other beds of sandstone were deposited upon it; so that if this was the case, we should have a succession of deposites ; but in some places it appears as if the trap had elevated the strata, and pushed itself through the sandstone by main force. Whatever may be the theory of this, it is certain that the strike of the strata and the direction of the included trap-rock are the same. On Keweenaw Point we have veins cutting across the general direction of the strata, and, of course, of the trap range, or, as the miners call it, 198 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ‘‘ across the country ; while on Isle Royale the copper veins more fre- quently run parallel with the trap ranges, or “‘ with the country.” On Isle Royale, as near the Ontonagon river, on the south shore of the lake, massive epidote is the most common ‘ vein-stone” that bears native copper—the metal being interspersed with it in its mass, or spread in thin sheets in the natural joints of the rock, with occasional masses or lumps of considerable magnitude. Near Rock Harbor, on Isle Royale, at a place called Epidote, and at another called after the Most abundant mineral found in the veins, granular and compact epidote are the prevalent rocks accompanying the native copper. So, also, at Scovill’s Point the same associations prevail in the cupriferous veins. The most important and productive mines of native copper on Isle Royale have been opened on the north side of the island; but still the explorations have been too limited to allow of our judging of the value of the numerous veins upon that remarkable island. At Wash- ington Harbor, upon Phelps’s island, several promising veins of native copper, associated with prehnite, occur; but they have not been opened to a depth sufficient to establish their value. At Siskawit bay we find a large body of fine red sandstone bordering the trap-rocks, and shelving down into the lake at a very moderate angle. No valuable copper veins have been found at this place; but the bay is one of the favorite stations for fishermen, who pack annually great numbers of sikawit, [salmo seskawit,] the fattest and finest species of the lake trout family, and large lake trout, namaycush, [salmo amethystus,| and white- fish, attihawmeg, [coregonus albus,| for the western market—from 900 to 1,000 barrels of these fine fish being salted and packed for sale each year. The siskawit may be said to be peculiar to the shores of this island, few being caught on the shores of Keweenaw Point, and their migrations being extremely limited. They are caught readily by the hook, but are more commonly taken by means of gill-nets, which are set a yard or two from the bottom, in water of about 200 feet depth—the lower edge of the net being anchored by means of small stones attached to cords, while the upper edge is ‘sustained vertically by means of thin laths or spindles of light wood. ‘These nets are set at night, and are drawn in the morning. The siskawit weighs from five to twenty pounds, while the lake trout often weighs as much as forty or fifty pounds. Of all the fish caught upon the lake the siskawit is most prized by the natives on account of its fatness. White-fish are, however, much more delicate, and are preferred to all others by the white inhabitants and travellers. The fisheries of Lake Superior are of great value to the people living upon the shores of the lake, and of some importance to the States bordering on the other and lower lakes, and the inland towns near their borders. To the poor Indian the bounties of the great lakes are of vital importance, for, without the fish, the native tribes would soon perish. Game has become exceedingly scarce in these thickly wooded regions, only a few bears, rabbits, and porcupines, and some COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 199 partridges, being found in the woods, and ducks in moderate numbers upon the waters. Agriculture has scarcely begun to tame the wilderness in the vicin- ity of the copper mines, and the only crops raised are potatoes and a few hardy northern esculents. Small cereal grams—such as oats, bar- ley and rye—will do well here as in Canada; and Indian corn of the northern varieties, in places not too much exposed to the chill breezes of the lake, thrives and ripens. English grasses have not yet been cultivated, but they will undoubtedly thrive as well on the south shore of Lake Superior as in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The native grasses are abundant and good, but are limited to small natural prai- ries or dried-up ponds. Judging from the luxuriant growth of forest trees—such as the maple, yellow birch, and other trees common to Maine and New Brunswick—we should judge that the soil was as good on the shores of Lake Superior as in that State and province. Those who have only viewed the immediate coast of the lake, es- pecially that now densely covered with a tangled growth of small, stunted, spruce and fir trees, would be likely to undervalue the agri- cultural resources of that region. They should remember that the cold air from the lake affects the vegetation only near its shores, and that farther inland the temperature more resembles that of Canada and the northern parts of New Hampshire and New York. This is not only shown by the native forest trees and the flowering plants, but also, where clearings have been made to a sufficient extent, by the agricul- tural produce raised upon the soil. The forests also are filled with excellent timber for building pur- poses ; and, where the growth is of mixed trees, such as sugar-maple, yellow birch, and pines, the white and yellow pines are of large di- mensions, and furnish good lumber. for sawing into boards, planks, and deals. Though there is little prospect at present of sending sawed boards from Lake Superior to the lower lake country, the time will come when this valuable timber will become of commercial import- ance ; and that time will arrive the sooner if the ship canal now pro- posed at the Sault de Sainte Marie shall be constructed within any reasonable time. The northern or British shore of Lake Superior has as yet been but little explored, either geologically or for minerals. One mine of blende, or sulphuret of zinc, richly mixed with spangles of native silver, and a vein of sulphuret of copper, have been discovered at Prince’s bay, on the north shore, not far from Isle Royale. I know not what progress has been made in developing the ores of this mine, but at the time when I examined it, in 1847, it gave promise of rich returns. Asa general thing the copper on the northern shores is mineralized by sul- phur, and occurs as yellow copper pyrites, or as gray or black sulphu- rets of copper, while the copper on the south shore and on Isle Royale is mostly in the metallic state, and all the valuable working-mines are there opened for the native metal. This is a remarkable reversion of the usual laws of mineral veins, and was first discovered and pointed out by myself, and the first mines for native copper were opened by my advice and in accordance with my surveys, in 1844, as before stated. This remarkable region has certainly surprised both geologists 200 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON and miners by its wonderful lodes of native copper, and by the lumps of pure silver which have been opened and brought to light by enter- prising companies and skilful miners. One of the most remarkable associations of metals is here observed in the intermixture of pure silver with pure copper, the two metals being perfectly united without any alloying of one with the other. This singular condition of these two metals has puzzled chemists and mineralogists ; and the solution of the problem of their mode of depo- sition in the veins is still undiscovered. It is obvious, from experiment, and from all we know of the affinities of metals for each other, that the native copper was not injected in a molten state into the veins. Al- though I have discovered the manner in which the copper veins were probably formed, I am far from having learned that of the silver, for we know of no volatile salt, or combination of that metal. This sub- ject, which has occupied much of my time for several years, will be explained more fully at a future time, in a paper addressed to scientific men, as it does not form a suitable subject fora mere popular essay like the present communication ; and, as before observed, is still an . uncompleted study. The rocks known to belong to the cupriferous formation of Lake Superior are all of igneous formation, or have been thrown up from the unknown interior of the globe in a molten state, and in long rents, having a somewhat crescentic shape, with the curve toward the north and west; the radius of the arc not being far from thirty miles in length on Keweenaw Point. The average width of this belt is not more than five miles, while its length is not less than two hundred miles. ‘The Keweenaw belt of trap runs by the Ontonagon river, nar- rowing to only a mile in width in some parts of its course, and then widening rapidly as it extends into Wisconsin. On the Ontonagon river it is about four miles wide ; and it is there highly cupriferous, several important veins, now wrought by mining companies, having been discovered by the miners in their employ, on this river and in its vicinity. The Minnesota mine has been, thus far, the most successful of those opened upon this part of the trap range. It is remarked by all the geologists and miners who have examined these rocks, that the copper ore lies in the amygdaloidal.variety of them ; and that the veins of native copper are pinched out into narrow sheets in the harder trap-rock which overlies the amygdaloid. This fact was first noticed by Mr. Alger and myself in the geological survey of Nova Scotia, made by us in 1827; and the private geological surveys which I made on Keweenaw Point, in 1844 and 1845, proved it to be true also in that region; so that it is a law now well known to the miners upon the Lake Superior land district. It was discovered, also, that the copper dies out in the veins when they cut through sandstone rocks. The reason for this I have discovered, and proved by experiment and observation, and shall farther verify when ordered to complete my government survey of the mineral lands of the United States m Mich- igan. Much may be expected from the explorations now going on upon the northern shore of the lake, under the authority of the Canadian govern- ment, since the wisdom of that province has perceived the importance COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 201 of rendering her researches and investigations into the mineral treasures of her soil the most effectual and complete, and has consequently intrusted them to men the most thoroughly competent to the task. Experienced miners are often good observers, and to them we owe much valuable observation; but they are not often sufficiently acquainted with geology and mineralogy to enable them to judge of the value of a mine in a country with which they are not familiar; and they cannot describe what they discover so as to make their observations intelligible or valuable to others. Miners are good assistants, but poor principals, in any geological survey. Hence the British government employs her most learned and practical geologists in her surveys in Canada, and allows them time and means to accomplish in a proper manner their important work. On the northern shores of the lake, as before observed, we find most commonly the ores of copper; while in the trap-rocks, on the south side, the metal occurs in its pure metallic state. 'The ores which have been found on Lake Huron already promise to give ample profits to the owners of the mine; and other localities are known, where there is a reasonable prospect of successful mining, on the northern borders of Lake Superior. Trade will spring up between us and our Canadian neighbors as soon as their shore becomes inhabited, and, it is to be hoped, will prove of reciprocal advantage to the two countries. C. T. JACKSON. THE LAKES.—GENERAL VIEW. This is a brief and rapid outline of a country, and a system of waters, strangely adapted by the hand of Providence to become the channel of an inland navigation, unequalled and incomparable the world over ; through regions the richest of the whole earth in produc- tions of all kinds—productions of the field, productions of the forest, productions of the waters, productions of the bowels of the earth—re- gions overflowing with cereal and animal wealth, abounding in the most truly valuable, if not most precious, metals and minerals—lead, iron, copper, coal—beyond the most favored countries of the globe ; regions which would, but for these waters, have been as inaccessible as the steppes of 'Tartary or Siberia, and the value of the productions whereof must have been swallowed up in the expense of their transpor- tation. : And this country, these waters, hitherto so little regarded, so sin- gularly neglected, the importance of which does not appear to be so much as suspected by one man in ten thousand of the citizens of this great republic, is certainly destined to excel in absolute and actual wealth, agricultural, mineral, and commercial, the aggregate of the other portions of the United States, how thrifty, how thriving, how energetical and industrious soever they may be. Of these lakes and rivers, during the year 1851, the commerce, foreign and coastwise, was estimated at three hundred and twenty-six million five hundred and ninety-three thousand three hundred and thirty-five dollars; transacted by means of an enrolled tonnage of 202 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON seventy-seven thousand and sixty-one tons of steam, and one hundred and thirty-eight thousand nine hundred and fourteen tons of sail, or an aggregate licensed tonnage of two hundred and fifteen thousand nine hundred and seventy-five tons. In the prosecution of this commerce, it would appear, as nearly as can be ascertained, that there was entered an aggregate at all the lake ports together, of 9,469,506 tons during the season; and cleared at the same ports 9,456,346 tons—showing an average of nearly forty- four entrances of the whole lake tonnage during the season. Of the above amount of commerce the value of $314,473,458 went coastwise, and $12,119,877 Canadian or foreign. The returns of the coasting trade are, it is true, very imperfect and unsatisfactory, as are also the estimates founded upon them; but, as approximations only can be arrived at under the circumstances, the best use has been made of the returns received; and the results arrived at cannot but appear strange to those not immediately conversant with the character of the lake trade. According to these estimates the coasting trade is divided into ex- ports, $132,017,470; and imports, $182,455,988; showing a difference of $50,438,518, when there should have been a perfect balance. This discrepancy arises from a higher rate of valuation at the place of importation than at that of exportation, or vice versd. Products of agriculture, the forests, and the mines, are easily valued at a correct rate ; whereas one great division of articles of importation, classed as merchandise, including everything from the finest jewelry and choicest silks to the most bulky and cheapest articles of grocery, can scarcely be reduced to a correct money value. ‘ The discrepancy, then, arises from the valuation of the articles per ton being fixed at too high a figure at one port, or too low at another. Which valuation is the more correct, it is impossible to ascertain under the present system of regulations. Taking the lowest estimate, the actual money value of the coastwise exports of these lakes is $132,000,000, in round numbers, being the mere value of the property passing over the lakes, without including passage money, passengers carried, cost of vessels, expenses of crews, or anything in the least degree extraneous. The amount of grain-alone which was transported during the season of 1851, amounted to 1,962,729 barrels of flour, and 8,119,169 bushels of wheat—amounting to what equals an aggregate of 17,932,307 bushels of wheat ; 7,498,264 bushels of corn; 1,591,758 bushels of oats; and 360,172 bushels of barley ; in all 27,382,801 bushels of cereal produce. This branch of traffic, it is evident, must continually increase with the increasing influx of immigration, and the bringing into cultivation of the almost unbounded tracts of the very richest soil, on which the forest is now growing, which surround the lakes on almost every side. And the like may be predicated of the exploitation of the mines, the prosecu- tion of the fisheries, and the bringing to light of all natural resources— facilities of transportion causing immigration, immigration improving cultivation and production, and these two originating commerce, and multiplying a thousand-fold the wealth, the rank, and the happiness of the confederacy. 203 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. “yu900 tod porpuny sory AT[ny 10 “ggz*ceL*eH Jo uns oY, Aq posvoIOUT UdEq SAVY PHNOM s}10dxo Jo yUNOUTe ot} *s}O114SIp JOY}O OUWLOS JO MOTYANILA SY} UI popNA YO Sostpuvyoiour Jo oporyae oy} ur ‘u0} dod solid oes OY} 7B PON[A W9Eq JOIIYSIP SIU} WOTT S}1odxo OSIM4S200 OY} PLP » ‘ 0SL°L06°8 O§T‘980°T 879969 'T 80°S6r'S 886 “Soh C81 OLP°LTO’SEL «ft 8 8° *STBI0} pUBTH CSI ‘OTT ee eee ee ee egl‘OLL ; BIO ‘SBE‘Se ILY‘S68‘¢ Ov eTTpr ee sees thes esee seems s! OFnOTED Beer sescceeteoeoerieos ees esee sheer eesioe Fo oeseseeseseeoneseeiverestreeeeseenede ELL 09S ‘6I L6L pos’ REST NN Che ee |e OTSA FLAT eee reece see cee ere r|seoeree sv ee sr sees tiecceseeves sere senertin oe Fee se e288 HOLL 000‘000‘€ 000° 000° Pee eee os San nae 8 Sue S On ELL Sor GT AT FLO‘SII ec oee see oe oesoeee PPE‘S 069 ‘60I LLE‘ OTP ‘0S 0&h' 196 °9 Be OT PATS hae See eige Weel Ow. ee eT TONG 70€‘99 Se a ed ae ee poe ‘99 BLL‘ L86 ‘Go | 808‘LP8‘L see rOpr es ceereecessrooese DIT 880 66 eee oe rsn ewer eee eee tise asesteoesseeeees 980‘ 66 LGE "86ST 699 69h 9 55° OSs tte Mae, ose s +e s 98 AMATI EIS 966. 186 coe oe tee eseegeoeeetiseeoreres cea eerceves 916 ‘18S 6ST P08 GG L6F (960 G1 pa ( @ yh ie ae CS OS tvooyeAng CLP ‘cL eo eee sre reco er cee se(eaeerteneestronese CLy ‘ST GBS LOG G Los 109 1 pape EELS iced ea rete career Ol Si enbsoig 846 619 SST ‘ST 676'96 18‘ 86h SOL ‘GLP LE $16 PLO 0S dee ee ree ee Ln cau oe eee PSL‘SRG 796 ‘66 650‘°6S LOL‘ 96h 789 ‘986 vE9 SEP EEO Be 9 a ee en p29 E16 616 ‘TET QOL‘ SEE 196 ‘SPT Sighs eek y= eae Aa oeiae ky AMET Ns Bote ae ak ce ee CS 118‘L00‘§ GEL ‘196 | = go.“ FG9 | — T16‘ 166° 960‘€80‘9 TLO OILY IT Pee dope sce es ose nese eee BIG) 086 ‘TZ sec e rere mete escersieserseerseceecreres 086 ‘TZ 608‘ L6P 866 0E soeeoprs recesses 1OGIBET 8§,3}939tS 686 ‘GE ate Taha Oa OORT Onacé c's Gellaccilace"e eielnener etphe sue ee lets GRE ‘CE eee SES eS at eke Ri ee CM eae se Se Le) 8h9'819 PLI'89G PEP '86 | 060" 6G GPL PGP‘ L8S ‘816 2 PSO Peet S255 2k Se sCRSHIZOARO G00 67L 998 SOT L8G L9G | 67S SLE Cate Cane ee Fe eee Mao r Mbce rs UO NYS) GLG“ 1919 768 ‘QNGS ZLL aor | 900°acrs TEL ‘SSP ‘et 96F ‘858 ‘0G se eed Arcee reso ceen tose ee sO A "anv 4 "anjn 4 “ann A "ann “anpnA ‘anyn 4 “youqgMeip 0} popjijue osip ‘asIpuvyo ‘gonp ‘s}10dxo oRZ0ISGV | -URYDIOUL USI0I0,7 -I0U UGI910 J -o1d o1jsowl0g Se | Sere re 0S ae aes oe oe gt “sq1oduty "sod xy "489M Sutlposooid pUv }sv9 OY} Je SUTOUOUTUIOD £87017} ‘sptodxny -SIP UOIIO][OD [BIOAOS OY} JO soWUe\y "SGVUL NOIGUOT UO NVIGVNVO ‘HAVUL DNILSVOO ‘TOQT ‘TE 297 Suapua inah ay? Lof‘aasauuon ay) ajoyn ay? fo sajn.saLcay a4) pun ‘sayD] JY) UO S7IL.LIS~P U02]997]02 ay) fo YODA Ur p9}99) -109 soynp fo Junown ay? pun ‘pajjosua asouul) ay? ‘uDIDDUDD PUD UnILWOWP ‘aFnUU0) PUN apni? oy) Guprqryxa JuaUaDIE—T ‘ON are ee AER * Cena ens SST a pureiry rs 8 Ree ak pe elie Ege oe) AUSF AMS © the sere oss be ® SOT ea SP Opr es seed Coles see Cs 9-8.* LUTE) casa | (alk aga orl = nah nh ican acid JUOULIO A ‘ysoM Sutpoaooid puv 4sv9 OY} Jv SULOUaUTUIOD ‘s}OTI} -SIP UO1JO9T[09 [eIoAES OY} JO SOUT NT ® GLY ‘86P LL8“6IT ‘ST LUT ‘@L6‘S 698 ‘P86 POE‘ E6S ‘T POV ‘16 986 ‘T 966° TSI ; 119‘S < T19‘s pl eed ee NE en oa, 818, L96°& 196‘ 196° eeoeeeeveereee eee eeve|/seu eee svse eG ovpeeeoee PE0 8 . GGG S16 IPS 86 Ips 86 eeoaooeooese eee seteuegeeeestiga ep eae seeveeeon ee eeeee 61S Lh PLL G6 OLF 96 OLY 9G eeoeeeveeveeeseeveeveeevelenaevesne0ev ee eee eeeee2 6SL GS OTL PLT 869 SL . 869 SL ee@oeoeeevoe ee eev ease eerie eeenegegeeveeos 8G 2Heee é PSL €6 OLS SP9 vE9 096 VEé9 09€ eoeoeetvpeeeeeeevee7e G2 elie eevee eeevpees bee eee? 68 OL8 SI : Gop sé GEV BSNS Ten ES 0c0‘& H LEE ‘6 PSY 'TSL‘T 90$ LOS PPL‘ 988 GP ‘O0T CLB‘0G 5 LS6 ‘61 691° 689 G86 "01 189‘ 86 big CRs eB eee se 41> Reng Ol Ay - 66S OL 769 696. O10 67 ; 070 6h ee@eeeoeseeseeveeeeeseeeeeeeie ee eeoeveeeveeeveeeeesee a 09168 £66 °G66'F GIP PSL ‘T EST SEP SPE “PEs 'T T16 ‘PT 007 IT 660 8h 6IT 9S 6IT 9S eseeeeeneeeeeeeeeeetien @eeeeeveee eee eesne & @& * SOL €1 LPL €6 8s€ 19 8sé 19 eeeeeoeaeeeeae ee ee eeeiseeeeeeeeeeeree eo : = LOE’ GI B91‘ SEs. 06S FIG 6S7 (16 986 ‘SIT GLLSL He 678 1S 986 "EPO 186166 LEY 696 P66 ‘LG €08 °€1 . GST ‘LPS 686 ‘660 ‘T$ LIP ‘9968 GLP‘ LEOH 906 ‘ST# 6LL ‘ES . "anynA "ano 4 ‘anyon “anjny ‘ann steers hate ay e¥et WS Sat eE seer ae Deis + se eiskehaash 0, 6.0/e.e: maketefeietels™ FDI wees em os Da ies dims eategate athe RE Mabe TUK} O NONE AN edag @eeetseeoeeesteeoeeetene ed teeaeee sees a1yoVcIMsO a) NT agit © <0. w.areieey y #8 ooh meters wide eer ee OLB OME ee abit "ys Ve rane er eek Po Ree Rs Ae oC i hete ii yey Ly "489M GuIposvoid puv 4sva oY} 4@ SUIDUIWIUIOD ‘s}01I14SIP MOIJO9TTOO [RIOAOS OT]} JO SOWIBNY ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 206 A A DS O6r‘tS | OLLSL | LTE e 08 @soeoe 66L, | 66E, Pe tt eae: $8 196‘ eeeeenaeeveieeveeveer ee eeereee ee eoeoeeneve OL0‘F Lvé eoeeeveeaie ee eevee SPP 969 € —G9BTR | OSB crt‘og | SLr‘T ne ne | S| OLP‘TL | 0s¢‘9 eoerevcels se roeve(seeoeeavsi/*teovone Tor's _L66'F SLO'TL 798‘e asl ‘18 191 896 i T0G e VEG 191% Oe ee ee at i rashes! PZe'sS Eps‘e | 9S¢ CEL 19h LVE eesee@eseeaeee eeeveweoeoeeaee LUI 00S‘T ae ae 00st | eeo‘Est pre ‘1 eee eeeee eerste | ARR | TS || LS | LS ‘onjeA | “s[oeg —0} psonpel ‘spurx [[@—Usty “SUMLVM CHL moLf ‘saruoLf ayn) 2Y) UO JoLLIsYpP WOLIIT}I0D YODA OjUr pajwodur sajayap podrour a>: (14@) *rvod pue jod—soysy ‘onjvA | ‘ONTPA ‘SINT os eeee ne ene ee a YR A A A AL CS Ct CA Ee *so1] pRospiey eeegewvensieeoe eee eeleeeeee eo 4 eoverevewvarleevo ee seeonaeicoe ee ne eevee vteereeees EVG eeeoeeoeveo? eoeovveeee eoeeeeae es 988 1 eeeeeee? LEL‘S eooeee ee @ eoeeeeoeoe ereeeeee ceoev ee eee bor OL 186‘T eeeeeoeve? 667 G90‘8T | Lor 9 e@eceveoevev ale oe ee 6 @ gcc‘s eoeoveees 99 VS6‘GE | OILS ‘ON ‘On RA “sop SulYys L81 : ejeeeren eee eco I 68 Cr8'T | GFL G 169 °F 18h ‘9 e/**enmneeee £3 888 ‘SE 891 168 ‘OI Ver POL‘T Or. VOL PY 889 ‘ot Gh 760 1 ‘W ‘LSAYUOT DHE "On[ RA geen ee ec AR TT TL GEeSL | PROSOT | BST‘LT | 809‘TOT a | *punol pus orenbs—0quity, I6L‘G 668‘ LE9 —_—— 09 PES‘ 8 GEG QT ra j 686 GSS 880'0S Ist ‘er$ ‘qz'qno JL} “OTB ‘TEST ‘Te waquesogy suypua uvoh oy) suranp “npowuny 'S ON 690 ‘861 109} "IoquIN, pomrg e@eeoee e@eeee yee eo ee, eeseeoeseeense osvolyg oe eee ees ss ormeANTU AT tees eee es -opUTyOR TAT se tee senses nono soe ee eee eee TUIBITAT since dheaiex'e ATT se ereeresoee esoyeAny sooeeeessorsy onbsolg tee ee seeee es corpang sone eee ees cept BRIN, asso ee pe se © se 823 Bono emD eeenve ees eed @eerwevoeasveaee 059MSQ **** JOqIvH 8, Weyotyg ee ceoee pan adey eeenveeve? eryoye IMSOEO eee eeoeee urejduryg eeseoes eres es VUOUWIO A VOUS] AO ALLL day) fo anjgoa pun fyywonb ayp Sumoys quawarmig 207 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. CL9 ‘GE eo@oceeoreeoes OLE ‘on[@A “suUBaq pUe sea cen en “penunuo)— LNAA LVS 96°68 | GLOSS | BL8°9G | EB6‘8E | OLT‘TL | EI8‘TS | 6Se‘Ese | OTO‘PES | Osy‘sEL | O€8‘966 | BYS‘eOE | TTT TTT TTT too TRIO, tees ecesserecclerccscrelnsccccrseslisessaessessssecaeeiecesseasssdeccovsessilsscacescsslecstconseisseesesersscoaeesssacsneees or eQFRoIUTy PE eon eons ORE, smccll Gumi g clo dcpaes iad n hedentheda ches ist amar treaties get | ot =) eke tees theme ned ea ae eooeevneer ies eeoereve eee ee eee eejseer ee voeeesiseoeveeevee etic eeepeeveeetstioeeoeerneve|seeevee'gqeeeeiceeveveseveene YT CL ee ene 2 BULL MO RTAS 906. vec eeeesleersoeee 9c¢‘¢ cTE‘9 Ob? ‘aan 0cz OSP wi eraiv) ie Tons] ol a/Yauram | ahetutoresevavanily wreiy, terere Y's argu y SET aah ene eee IIL WEd. « BEG dls Shomcrrsconleap'eaci tr Weted 2 OBST GEMM ce. | AONB, BE ais ona Botan oN g6e'T L60‘E nore sitet aeaseeeaeedeceeeedetlecee saletenseenedecstseaeeteereeesesdeacerereeseeteseesersesenesitesecu seri eeeseeereneee soisy OnbsOry ee 18 GOL“TT | ST9‘6T | F6S Buse. eug, «Ceo, TOT 298 '6E ) 096 ToS ome LETT ctsrenceletaseees) Qe 19 ec FOL 18¢‘F 619 ‘9 LOS LG eat aide S767 tata aor ore ats VE aT 3T 1 eee ste | game Flete Ree ste 676 | poo € 80T | GLT {¢ j LT Gite ces Apes Send aie OSE ULS B SIF'09 | OOG*6T | OS6°ES | EVS'PT | TIS’e@ | G8G°9T | TLL*SL | LOB‘THH | GOG'OLD | TE6‘T98 | G1B“6SS |r TTT Tt 8s OseMEO aw A FBG EL ¢90‘T G68‘ G 80L i) €cT 86 6 specovarengeag eae ey STE Ogss | or le 9ET G06. any OLB CI C4 «8d eneieinees ts (UGUnT Aaaue sre'9 | 16r T06‘T | 990°T LS9'G LIP'S ILP'86 | SPROL «| SBT“ST =| PEO'FGR | OT9OE rrr tte ett tes aryoqzedameo L6E'GT | 80EP | 186 eee‘e# | 198‘8 BLU Ge.” | (CNG CON” PEO UP 069.8? oe ree ne Fe eee tee a eee se eae GEGrG e@eceseevele sere oe eleeevneeveeeeoe!s ee enrneeveee £86 ree G9¢G IOL "Ra iar cn Saga (ea ena Race cote” ase aCe hg ae BC a DUE CEL AOC GHC OVEE RS) AN ‘sfeysng | ‘enje,A |‘speysng | ‘on[e,A “spoysng “onl eA “syousng “On[eA “spaysng ‘on[vA *p[O1Itg ‘ak “Aopieg | "8320 “yeou MA “yeoym JO “MOLT ‘SLOTULSIG “SHUNLOVAOQNVW GNV TUALTADIYIV ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 208 peereeeel/s Ogee eee eeeesereecele ee eeee @eeeeve s/s eevee @eeereeaeve/e eae ene ‘one A ‘spunog ELE‘GT | 991'0G | 8ar‘F eeeseeeve eeeeveeee eeseeevee eoeeeeee stp ‘pe | onL’s ‘ante A OLL*S | OT8‘08 | €90'6ES ‘spunog ese eee eeleeeoeeeeve eeeeeeve vile en aeeee @e@seeveee Pr0'E eeeee ees 1S ‘0% GOP 890‘8T POF ‘SI L1G‘ OL BST ‘FT 968 70S‘ 669 ‘2 Log‘T ge ‘6$ 006°G SLO‘STT 709‘'S6 LEP'E9 806°G8 ELBO 799‘FT 866°SS 1S8‘6 680‘TL “ONTVA | Spunog *poos SSVI PUL IOAOCTD *paos XPT “TOM 066‘0F | L66‘S 06 ts T eeeeeeeed eeeeeenee eeeeeeee 161 ‘T 6o9 080‘T GLE ‘P eeeeveneveg els eee eo @ eoeoeseevoeev!|s? 08 8 oO EGL°EL | OTL‘T 660 °S LOL 608 ‘S1$] FoL‘T ‘onTeA | “yO “19qng GP'S ——_—. sue CoE GEIS ors ‘ad “on[e A “SHUOLOVIONVW GNV DTUNLINOUYIV eeoeenee €6 656 000‘¢ eoooeee ceeeeeve 99€ ¢ IT€ ¢c9‘g eeceeeeeveseeeoeen eeeseees C80‘T ‘spunog “sdoyy "*penunuo )— DN GIA VLS “On[eA GGG 6S8‘81 ee essen 98161 "S007 "u0Z0q 00€‘TL | 060'6% | EE9‘ELS | S89°L — | ° GPP SE LoL ET EE0°SLS | BLP 00°66 | F8S‘SIF) 6Ls‘OSS | EzEd rr (Nr 6I 8h1°% “on[e A *g90} 10g “spoysng ced aarmaienide eae) (00), (ht eooe tee es osROIND soeeeees OTyNRAIIA] e@esesveose *“OBULYOR IAT eeooeeaenseoes **JloljoOd ee ee ee tt 5 SE OLEAL eeeses --+ eeoeee2esleeeoneeoes e eoceersseccee os i (| ‘osroryg eaeseee “*SLAA SOIYNRMLAT aries 5 ‘SVUTYORIAT sea Ade Lt 57 *y101}OQy eeoeerte serie eeeer eee ee ieee eetreoetesigneeeese seein ee eoeeesesiseeeseseeoestis eo eoeevroesesiseeeves { ! eeeeeteaveireoveeeseesiseeetoeeeieeereeeeeeisccese tae eeetineeeseezeeris ee cee eee tin eects eee ed sina eeeeeeertisoecwsneeeesisectenpeevesce OLT Ge le eee eee PLOT Q09'€E | SE8iGL | e90'Es | oss'e LIG GIT Gus ees) e 6 sue s|\e.e: vp 60 0 0: 6)|eule selec) eu’ e'|\s eve ne) ole ees Toa OLE’ Fe 9768 9cg‘s 710‘ 89 969'¢E poe ce ee eee, RS 69P eoe seer elo eo eo nn ea eeen 091 | 000 °€ 86 0€ 906 LT Grr I ,eaeece eee ee 868 105 ln tap Lae eel dag a) 008 ‘sor | 660‘89 160‘06 863‘ O€F Os eee 8s 6eL - SPE & eee eereeriseeeeaceecesioseeecese etic eee ese ee ris eeeeees eerie ec ere aevner(seoeseveeeelseoeseeeestisosnveeneees 967 ‘Z cg9c ‘PP © 610) Ore a © 0:| 0 eke ea ee) ele 8 98‘ OL IGI ‘FSI enenVeceeevecsicn nee severe OPP’ L R99 cog‘ T 90¢‘¢ BES‘ O9 FOTY SOE Cet OICe DCL Ot IOsCnO 166‘€I L6¥r ‘00 Ceoencscceclenrecensevsiesceccsneweseinesvvecvenes ¢99‘T 0G Ri sidin aaa Se eS or REND Reg’, OOL TL Cee on eee sels ae eeesreseleeccoesnenscrilo ce se sew aes Pes O6I rocseeevesy “aT Soasauex) LEL 8h0 ‘ST 0S¢ 001‘ 86L‘T 618° 03 17 il 096 79 00 G cececes a sere “AT SODGMSC) | al . eeoteesee e i oe e #186 e'he's SOUT Gee Ea EAD Pc ae ‘Aysnpurg teeeeeeecorug ‘efoyRAng eee eee oeesve eee Fieiera'e * Oa ONE enbsaig Cz asians 9 etree nie 5 SiNT: MOTE aT: @eeeeseees|e ee tee eee rile ee esnnevleovene es @ e@eoeeesetice se eee eee sie se cae eee rio eer eneee esis neseenene 066 000‘9 ee eeeceeriser ee ser seeerisoereess er s|oeonte eee e ele ceeeeeeeleey oar SrOqIePT 8. JeHOeG 066‘T 700 ‘FS 6L6‘e$ 006‘ 8S ee eae Neale ante eg oe ee ee ce ae eee Ne et ren gner 9 [48 SRCINEW. 9 8°8 A 6) 0g we Cw Senelie Sal SAIS cei Skanens | MMMB ve ny share] NSKGAP ESRD SAAS UL ty ERAS L98% r198‘9 eoereecvecleoresec ce OFT ‘OL 009‘9ST eee cen esesicveseseoveve Shoe OL oo siehel sheles| @igi.e-*¢e'6/5i/ Sin 6 eon = SQ Ta Re Mey peespee ee ele ee eeee ee else eseesei/e eevee eeeee OPE I O01‘ 6L LOGE 69 9: BEEZ om ahi eS 90) BS Sa resegehll is! 6:8 ee\'e) @Hexekatansinye 4,618) p)/ maa O86 G ee) ah Ea eee eee steceoersiee se see eve riseveveeevlevoeseeevee 6LI SES EROS): NESS Be aOR COS* 810‘EL eo ese eG eeesieoce ret ooece oes$ Iv elo ‘sé —-—-—- ‘on[eA ‘spunog | ‘onjeA | ‘spunog “on[e A ‘spunog | ‘onjvA "s[OLIVg “ante A "s[oLINg “OnTeA ‘ON "aso *royng “piel puke MOT[RT, *IMOT ‘Jooq pur yIog “sTRULIUY "sJOLISIG “HUNALINOIMYV “penunuoO— LNGN AL V.LS 213 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. / Me se te a ne a a i ee a gce‘e | gec‘6 | 6602 GFL‘SE | Lg9°8s 609‘E08 | ¢E9‘99 868‘Z9L | LOB‘T@s | OcE'HSE | BH‘ LE HR OSE. | Pekne TRIO Se —_——". a | eee ee ee rier eecccee COL 0ce coerce eaecleoereeeses LOS ‘FL €P9 ‘CP eels 06E ‘ST PES ‘S 169 PuRiOiP 88 8-8\¥50 TTT SOG MOI) eoveee erie ee sre ee eieac ee sere etice eee ee ee sin ee eeeaeeeieoe ese aeeeslie eo even earale ge eeqgeevesigqaeeereenesioeerse epee e sige ees aeeee ee Paap nem Pae LHe en8e.8 8-8 ST AAS OTM BAMTIGAT eee ewe e rise er tee erie eae ee eee ee(s even ee eerie ee cece eae riaeeaeoneoseeeels eo eceonweeeoe sieeve vsevraevsige ee esevoeevlseeoereeaeeeeie ees ereeseieneevoereeves PSA ee UO MEAT: ‘OVULYOR IAT CCPH ee sie ee eee erisnee ee ses esiroeesovessie ee reeees sions seneves LOG. c10°e OFT‘ G98 ‘'C OS Sa Lh ak WG 358 lio) 42) | eben eect seeeenslceegregeclsesegegetlsstserengiiecssqeores! rate 0008 Beaoe foal anh pe alma ocd ay see a nay ay png TOY UH! eee | eee weet ol easew | npeeer | Ee aa lake pe = G09 08 GLO ‘TCL QP oF verses Ord “AYSNpUEs ele ee eee erie er reggae ae tieece sewn eeaesis ee eesseeerieeoeeeogeevee Trl, alg OFS E0L ECP 661 906 €8I Cae eee ese eh ielene sya ls 68 ss = OnE EGOU nant a rte eM (ae eee i re nies Calo 5 eee. eee | nc * Se MAS pOoRL Syke OU ere Eee Maa oo noe eas Sieve SR Reais eee Bihar hey SS WaT ee tee ee. 8, ELE eek os 1), oes ORT TC ERO AT enbsorg eeeseeetlec veces 66e°S GPL‘R CCC Cece ee erlseeseeee ese re ereeeeetie ee sees eersiseeneesreesiceopersees sins eeetereetiseeereeeselee esas ee NT OT etna cE CURSOR CE ele eens er wetinecrnengeenuec EFC C63 ‘CI eo eee erro elpe oer sere veisaeevtseeoerlaeeoeesveve LPS 19'S eo coeeoee ye NT SBIROUIN Ree 8 ye © 6 eoeereerereeieeo eee ener eis ee eevee ee sieeeaeereaeeele se eeeweeris ee ee ggereisee eevee eevseie a eeeseeverineoeaoeveseeers|/eeeoee eevee POP RASE Lacs [ores © S08 8S here esa Tee "Gh | LI9°@ fects eters] GeoTE | oos‘een | oee‘e# | Oro‘s | ove GIP Q9E°8S | GEL"G0G |" "°°" AN ‘OdestsO Snes seis 6/8 6& Paige mips erent To oO oR On aH _— on ee (=o oes (40) On ° Lear) € oeoe ee eee e@eoe ° eeoeenoeeoiee@ eoeoevoe sis ee eeoeseeeeie eo eee veav ele e@ eeoeceoeaoe oie ee oc oie P8P 191.°6 61S ‘T ET. OLS Ore 'T 0L6‘T$ | 000‘0E —————— | | | | | "SUOT, "U100-ULO01G ‘onTe A 769 ‘61 G09'% LOL “GEE 000°6S see es er eoes soeeereeos eeoeoeeseoes oes ne veces eoaeoteene eceeoeceecee coe see e eee veeesveaee 198 ‘F9T 00F ‘0% eooeeea tee e eo 000°0 000 “‘spunog *dutopy “AAMOALTAOIUS Vv LLE ‘OT C81.‘6 0¢0‘e L68S9T 0S ‘LOS TL6 (TP Lig’ Th ger ‘ces ‘an[ vA eeeeoesee@ OBLSESS‘T oeeeeee *[2I1OJ, a eoecseeee eoeseaee ee eeoeee eeessevee e@seseoe g9eeeeren oeeeaeoe eeeeovee 656" GF 688‘ L8 000°S% 081 ‘66L P8L°906 G60" OIF £66 ‘PLE ‘spunog "000qO J, seeeeee IT ‘oseoyy "SIMA “OLN VANTIAT ‘Oly SOVUTYyoRyAT eoerve “YOTTAL *OIJO eooeves o1uO *‘TUIRIIAT "** ory ‘Aysnpurg -- o1yQ ‘esoyedng ‘uudg ‘a[sy enbsorg e@eocee cy "N ‘orepng eoaee ik “NI *2IRORIN e@eoee SIN "NI ‘e9seuex) see oi NI ‘OS9MSQ ‘A "NS Loque Ey §, HexoUg "KA 'N ‘yuaour, odeg "KN ‘9lyo}vsoMso “KN SurerdureyD eeoeee "1A ‘JUOULIO A. ‘SJOTIISIG, “penuywoO—LNGN LV LS 215 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 618 ‘S6r‘S C8I ‘OTT @eaoeoevretcovoee/eee2e2e200 98 & © & TPO, 666‘ L08‘T GSI od 618 ‘El 9ST ¥60 8 G¥G ‘TL 8h6 886 LLS "SE L986 ‘666‘T BSI‘ 09'S 1861 8&5 ‘TOL OLL “LG "SOlD1}1v poye -1auINuUeu/) rIg‘Sr | SSL‘16 | 119‘8F GET OLB 8 IPL ‘SI £616 E6I ‘GS Tvl eeeenase prs ‘One A Se) —— | eooe eee 8 © eevee aee eeeveeees ee@oeseees WG 6S9 & LSG‘T eeeoee eae e ChT Ph G61 ‘L8$! F80‘0E eevee eee “One A “TVYHYOLYN GG e@eeeeve|oee ene ee e@esesee eeeeoe E8¢" 6 GBS‘ £66 v6L‘S OST pres tee, Gros aS ‘uinsdAs pur ‘Kepo ‘ourly ‘au0}g "oIRM -9U0}S pUR LOY Wey e@eceeenevoe eoceseeee eeeeeene co e@eeeeees eeereeee W) eeescee eo 0 616‘6 oes ‘OL 9rE‘ a 606 ‘QP ele ‘rH 0S6°T eeoeveeee eoeoeveee eeevveeave eeooeeovee eoeeeeee eeaeevees eeveeaes eoeeee ee © eoeeeee eo 066‘9S 016‘% €9P ‘9 G69‘8 StL ‘T 119‘8 OGL SS G19 ‘S$ | LET‘9$ "SoINjoRy -nUvUI pure ‘ssP[x) "029 ‘SOLIsDOIN eoeeoeoeveee e@ocoeoevened oeoeveeos eer eveeee eeeeee@ © «& eoeee e@eo0ee 8 @ o eoeeee eee Ce eoeoee eee e eeseece CS6 ‘8G | ° o (<) +6 =~) Roo CaS - 2 5 = 2 2 €& BE 986 °G GOST 898"h 6LI‘S 668 ‘OT 969 II 8h6 ‘EL eeecee ere eo 1s OS1‘T COT ‘T$ | LOL ‘og ‘porysip ‘syiidg *Souro -Ipeul pue soniqg “SHUNLIVAIONVN 666‘ 6 ee 18¢‘r6 | 68°96 | G6E'Le | S6E‘SI | G69‘SF Aloe aals e@eooaonseeoevs]ooee2 e800 8 eoecvoree ee &6G eeleeoe 280 8 & © 8} 096'% see ee sees mOT, soeoee TIT ‘osroryg "SEAR SOTYNATITAL "USA, SVVULORPAT ecooee * Yor, *yloryEq eeoaooeeeneeeie ee 0828 6 © & Cie @eaeveewee ele eee 8 00 & & %/e eea2e200 490 ¢ 2/8 © © ce © & & @ Mla e@etooe ‘olyoO *TUBITAT *-sorug ‘Aysnpureg ** 014g ‘esoyrAng LOTS LT 70s‘9 PSL ‘IE 978 ‘SI 96S 678 | ‘g 799°L 966 ‘E1% LOY‘ &S PPS ‘OL SOT ‘SL Gh6 SS PIE LT B9E | ‘9G 6ST ‘9GH ee) jew ra) ro 2 ape So Eee o a2 =) ae ra) eee 2 § Abu cies as eet oe = 7 -*-"mueg ‘e[sy onbserg RE Fi "NY SOTeyNgG eer ae DOUBT LE RS eae ‘gasouexy ereee ae N ‘OSIMSC ‘AN JOG aaa S,qjeyorg "KON “Vueoul,, edeg “" ON SaryoyeooMsc— ee TEETH) * reeetesg ny uoutlaA *S}OLIISTC “penutuoO— LNAI VALS ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 216 008‘S L66 ‘TT 016 ‘F GSS‘ FS 960‘8 Pies ar ba" ce Reo 200 Se | GIOBGE Gl oe eee rmOT we ef ee | | | | eevee tesce selene seecose rise ceeneeoveieeeeepevee esis ee renee etisceeerseanesel|seeoeceoeeeese sie se evanevesiceeveseeeetsieeeneeseenes Ss ROU ee eo a ee! OREO) eoese ee eesisccvnese soe elise ees erersineeesescseer|\eeoveesseees|seesvnevoene |e voeeeseereiceoseeseeeeiecxseenreeserieeeseaeve0e +s PUISULOOST AAs * "2 8 8 = = Orne TAT eeceeteee er l[,oeeeereerlo es ope ese eles eeneveers\e ee eeereoesise eee veeose ee Yee SEE SSS | Sea aa hl i erat Op eae eens ee” se 9 * Ree ST OAT coe reece relsececcceceesiseeceetscericceceveeeerice ee esecesiseoneeseeee 98¢ 09S ‘9 G0E'T 0g ‘OT =e UU pane * eee 8 ee oo 8! ary eeeeeteee @ ceoeeeveeeeesieee® eevee e eis ea eeeeeneeeieeeseeveeeervseeaeaeevewvee ee e@ aay tiie? peal saa ae aie” Ic See cael be aaa a a daa le a eae nace apie 2 01) NP eoceresee ee ele oe vree ee weeineo ee eaesersicece seve evsis se ereeeoersiseeseeseve| ree Cee eee sticoeeaweneeiseeveecsesosei(seoerenesee ape sre 1S Sbepeee Aes see nite, <= oaks’. Arann eaves eseerel|poeoevoeree ee si|seoeoreureeeriseee2eereeelne eevee eeriea eee eeee8 pu aKeperebsieseaeia) ehexehe Teves eexe eee rsreeeoeeerla eee e er eone Sages SOT Che ae tt oe 82 82 OT Ts eorree eee tie eoeseeeseaiseeeeseee eis ee ree eee sie ee eee eeoers|soeseenee2ea|/e FF PHB HSH PF ee Fe eee HiP FH eB oT oH eee eH eT Hoe “RIMTBAASUUG a” * "0° ie * sa aray enbsaig 19S‘T Tac LOT CSI cee ene eee sie eo ese aeons OLE ‘ST 678 ‘OP 088‘¢9 LSP ‘EPI era S BeMMDOS nity teeter 0S) 2°8"2(9/ 00%, 608s ee ree rT S29 6S ‘T L9g‘T RISE ee Oeerr eae HOG VIGeLE el Give Qeee bce Tek |< ets Op reser e* OTT ON BAANRG) *°*yIOX MONS of es 2 oS oreo ss the reuuenre) See nO a eee Son aris 5 mo RUOUUALON AY ‘S}O1IISIC] ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 218 a BLO‘GILSS pre's see ee be oe LOT ‘STL €60‘ 6ST. 189‘ LOP 006 ‘ST6 996‘ 6L1 G08 ‘E6 eeceee ev ee ee} @ ee Str G LGo's 1&6 ‘GP GIS ‘9F ERP ‘SI 869 996 ESP ELE 99¢ ‘606¢ "TRIO, S61‘ 9¥ 616‘ Eo$ "SolOT}Ie poyereunuety) \ 961° ice 109‘T 609‘ LZ 189" 91 E18" 0€ 6F6‘ T1$ - @ a 5 8 Sa» a = ae a oe (qe) Le} 69 91 OLB’ TS COP ‘801 ele ‘0g je ee eepaeeaeoe gTS "6ST 109° oss ‘ees ‘spoos Aig PSE ‘PLE tanh ke G0‘ OFS ————_— | eoeevecereevovie es ees eeoes eeoes eeeene se@eoee eo OL‘ IF GLG 09 LLL‘ SP eee eee ee eoeerceeee S16 ‘91 PLI‘6 900 ‘ors eI JO somnpoRjnUry, ° @eesvaee ee eeoonevee eeescee0 860 'é1 €9€ ‘OFT 898 ‘G9 GEG °TT Ese °F G98‘ LE ‘one A "U103}00 jO S,anjoepnuryy vyh T61 eeeoeneee oan eevee ove eoeeeseo ee 8 e@eeeseeoeo eceeere ees eoeee eeeseeee 0S€°6 [L9‘ 001 ELE HS eoewoeee eee e088 8 © & e\e PPS ‘SI C6E IIL ‘8$ *[OOAL JO S,AnJoRInNULy “HUNLINNIMIV GNV SHAMALIVEIONVIN CSG ‘FP {SLT OFF ‘EZ eeeeeee P1601 ESL’ L 606 ‘6¢ “OIVMpPIVY IGP‘ Ls POLY ILb'T IIr‘é seceeoeqgen pes‘s 866, cer ‘139 Arjamor ‘ponunuopO— TNA ALL VALS 1G ‘PE TLL‘@L ce eeecovseees SEP SA STURT or en ees SO PEATUL) ° e@eeeoee eeeeeesee eo eeeoeoertseves g1e‘9 Leas “OIPMUIYLEY SEER tet whan dng ee oor org te iaerameas FOP “ PIeAPASUUO* = **° °° *= +9 eyes aray onbsolg a cole pi eMeEapaanatnelp * [6.0 **'s 95g) 'eje1*8/> 9s RAAT Meats eons 8 86 +e oe eee < she ere en Ed 5 oY NCE PRC MRR bg /2 et 2) Ta of I ENS rea af | SO Pear se pie esate sees TOGINE: $.JjayoeRG SOppeerr se ee seo tk es *° TONTTAONeD so opeeie o * se aaemaic se to 9% OI OTRSOMSC “**¥IOX PLO AS 29.089 899.008 2/08 METRY) se@ee eoee eee “VUOWMMIG AST SS 2 ue Sf e eS OMI, ° *S]OIIISIC, 219 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. LPL‘GI6‘E |0EL‘L06‘8 Me ¢ —_ |c81 SE (Se. 911 L96‘¢ eceoeeneecce IFS 86 r1O‘STL 069 601 wave [eee fa PE9 ‘N96 966'F86 |9F6 PSG ccr‘¢ GIP‘SL CIP ‘ST 90¢‘L0S (Igf6‘S19 |IP8‘S86Fr 686 ‘S0I PBL 8s 19L 96h 00‘ 6 FO9'E1G |L96 SPP ES’ SEP II8 L0G € |[16 166° GIL'9S — 1086116 086/16 gce‘19 686 “GE 68E °% 0zs‘*F1G = |8P9‘ST9 050 G&G P86‘ P6S G00’ 6rL GPS SLE LIv‘996$ ic1s‘LoL$ \900‘8¢r$ “aOn[eA ‘one A ‘one A ‘sjiodwmy | ‘sj1odxq "1210, “ALVIAUDOV 6e0‘sEP‘s |799‘R8IS‘S LL‘ &% ceeoseeveeetlaoeseeee0e8 IL‘ OP 79E‘e9 678 ‘Sg GLI‘ eel 060‘S DEG SEG ea 618 ‘SSI ‘T IES er eeeneeavne 129‘ 66T$ “on[B A "STOSSOA Ve tacaca OGr‘9L6‘S I8hS‘9G9‘T |688°808 669‘ LT8 800‘&6 ——$——=, eeeeae 2000 @ 696 °89 0F6‘S GEG EE ara COE‘ E9S PE6 ‘IS S10‘°e9 G60 ‘981 'T oe 6966S 67S ‘SLE ¢ 900‘s8cr$ one A "s[Ossoa UBOLIOULY “HONGOUd OILSANOG PPE‘ 676 ‘96 650 6S BOL ‘SEES COL“ FS9 DOr 86 LES" L9G BIL‘ SOTF ‘one A “T?19.L ———$——$——$—— eecoeoevevev ele ee en eee ee OvG eoeeeneee eleeeeeeeave POL‘S ceeereeeeene eoeecereveaeaeeve eoeeveeeaoee €FS 86 907 ‘8S LIL‘86 |GP6‘0E BOL 'SEE LLY ‘LOS Pos ‘ses eooveaere0e ‘on[R A "STOSSOA Qstyitg 886 °L86 e@ocerveeeeoene 069° 6S LES" L9G GIL‘ BO18 “one A "STOSSOA UROLIOWYy “HSIGNVHOUHN NOIGGOL 66S ‘E8 eeooe 196‘F eee GBS‘TE 108 ‘69 eoeevereee G86 69 IPL ‘9G 67S ‘IS “jUNOULY ‘sornd OST ‘980‘T I6L6‘T8S |IS8‘PosS SST ‘ST 79666 616° TS GEL 196 eoeoe¢eeoe eee e@easaee eeeoeeoe ee 8 PLT‘ 896 998 SOT 758‘ 006¢ ‘onTeA “TPO, 8796 GPG ‘SL 616‘ ISI 609 ‘OLT eeeeseneoece e@eovneeenes e@owenonoeenee eoeeeee eee eeeeaeveeee eooeceeeeaeeee eeeonvene sé o1S'8 Gol te e@eeooeseee @ GES ‘06 e@eecoeeevrlsese eee eee e e e@oeerereoeorleo noe een eee o 108 ‘e61$/L98 ‘TL eecerveeone eeoecoveoeee ‘ante A *s[asso.A 998 SOI 758‘ 00c$ ‘on[e A "sTOSso.a Ysyug | ueowewy “MOVEMVUG OL GHILIING ee eearas eee 7 LO FO TIL’ e@eeeeeste oe e@ 8 “OSROTYD SITAA° e@eceee eo OTYNCA ITAL “Op” @eeeneevve ORUTYORIAT SEU OTA pee oe ea na JOLIJOC, ee 200) fs ae aL TUWPIYAT ‘opr es seeeee*s Aysnpueg e *olyQ’ eeeeees *vooyeAng “egies °° as] onbsoig ‘oprsecrssees © openg ropes series se VIVSRIN oper stseees + > gasattaxy soprssssess s+ OFOMSO *op'** ‘1OqieTy §,9}939VG ‘opr sss ***quoout,A adeg sopt tse * aIyo}VSOMsO ot OO ye = ee -urejduey9 “PAS SS once e mee TOUT. “SJOIISIG ‘s79S8890 YSINLG LO UDILAUET Ur parsodaxa ' waypym pun ‘yonqnoep 07 paynjua som saw.sof ayn fo uornsod yoyn Fumoys pun ‘sonposd auysomop pun Usia.of usanjag Surysinsun “Sp “TGQT wah ay) cuinp opouny ynm LayUoLf ayD) ay) UO sp>LLQs~p UoYIaNI09 ay? fo apni; QLodxa ay? TULIqQLYXLA JUIMAIDIG——'G ‘ON ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 220 GLE ‘86h 600‘ 86 She “eerL POP‘ P6 Poe ‘66S ‘T : 988 ‘T G18 CEG ‘PT ssc eis nei pI A Bee mak t's SeeGAnED EP 28 ea e-elois- spe Green iore Gan 58 sie ee 8 SOM! eee 78° * SO RBOTYD a organ a ecco ateoa ne ST pig yee es NE ESUNc/inie 2) #68) 9. 0," Gio sini feieia/e* Sel Sn Ma THIN TTOOST AA * <2" >) ATS ANT TES 818 econo eteeneeveeeeeeol|enoe eee eteeeo ee se eaerevis ee eevee seseeveeee|e ee eee HH ee Fe ee 8 © Ie Sena a Nagar ane hea ete geo eg h ee SAE ESO) CRSP ISS & * TTT AIRT AT, PE0°ES G89 °G9 ggg G6 GS SERS RS Gare! aR 8 TS Se Desens 2 Bane + MRM REINO 8 ik 61S Lh 860 81 GhY 8 evoevetseeseseeveeoevel/*# © eee e277 898 8 84088 & ae ee eR ; iN SR toe LULRITAT 6S 69L 81 6589S peeecesr ee see eee sis ee seeeeoeese oe ee of. eececveeee peat e eoce mop is = eos AB VBL, €6 960 OPT BES NGG ere fee eee Aye e Rie ee ae bee 1 eee o14Q’ apa. esoyrAng 68 769 [ 19h 1 0606 5 MO Dk Bae te = 8 veeeetven eee eeeseee8 uyaeayAsuued” efey ouligota L&E G6 066" GES POS LPT GLB’ 0G O67 00T Gee eee ny pee eet ae ee oyeyng L&6 61 OL8 19 STL GV P06 OL peee eee oe eso eee ee eis ee eevee eees eee eeseeee see ees eoeeee Opry: ee alee as cae ¢'0 18S OF 9gh'8 2 Ian Be aaa) Te, 0 erage on gn ys < ols * ete Toy *SYOLTSIC] ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 222 a rs ee 6F6‘T GOL‘R6E _| OFL‘T ——— | | 010‘99T SGP eeoeeeceeeeeeerieeo eevee eesizseoeeeee eee eee ee 48 & @ ~97S‘s eeeoeoevoteeeooeoeverizpn eo seeoee es}, Oo ee esee & 008" T 6196 L9 LOL‘TS 6 9EE- 88 966 9 eoeeveeeed eoeesree sere erleoeosceseeve® CLP ‘SL Lg9'9 6SL 0G G09‘ L “suo Ty, THeS ia 96 68 901 668 °€ leat 1&8 ‘6 CTE lai 9 96¢ 607 16 8P L eG IVE LE 6IT "ON "SUOT, ‘ON “NOIGUOF 698 ‘8EFr eotleonecevsence 969 ‘T 061% SPS ‘GSP L ESL ‘S @eeleceerneaeeeee tise eee eet eeris esoee 8 @ eerieaeovoeeteees(s Be eeseeeee tie ee & © 28 8 oe 899 ‘T 968°T 069 ‘ST eoeleeo eee se oo e cos‘e PLL SL 796 069 ‘T GLI‘ LEE CSE ‘T LI 980‘% eecreieeeaeeeee tise eoereneeereeoeeiseoee2e7 2 8 eer/s eee % eu @ of a 19" fF) eeeeseee?eeeoeri{ee eee eB Gao ial sak 0L0‘% ee Ruger: Pel GST ‘ST al 6LO'SL Te 000‘09T 96L'T 76S ‘L9G val GLE‘ LOL eeecee see oo oe ee eo oo oe oe LOPES LEP G0G ‘SP S&T '8 060° LT ‘suo J, 086 690 816 PL IEF 06 SIé 7608S ‘ON "suo, gi eer) “NV OIYUGNV ‘GQaUVaATO WOVNNOL Or TL GIG 006 9FE L6L 969 60E IL? LVI “ON "UIRdI1S en, “‘penunu0)— LNA WALL V LS eoeeeve a ee © ee ecvoecrse eee oe eoeeereee eee Pepe ae erate CEE Ree ee Ee ee ee ee CHO D, mea eee ieee SOUMTT a et oe Se > SRO) Sones < * WISUOORE AK °° * 3" ¢'* *\* (ODT PAL AAT Spas ese StS PG eee ns =? #809 878" = SUI Hae epee Ss oo BUI ao ay ES ES a 0 tae ee Re eee (N08 71 eo eceeete RET) pee aA Gee ishquoye (2 ss Ra eagieee rene 2 * "ONG te ee” Be te BOLE ANS Pasiene sre) *xe SDT PATASUUO |” *.°-*"-<* = OTST onbsarg Ste ORSIR Sei ees Osc oe 3 tes ee © see: XS ce OPE reLer tee eee eee ersone rete se eeeeseeess BIBSBIA rl Wig) sie sre (ee iS Set i mcee ea ese: * ecelolent 2s ae Tae ogee #800 678. 82 See pee 2 SA este * § “OU ee Sicge $i siete epee ee? Oech eee TOU EE S.1jayorg stesbis SAL8. 8 Se #8 9\*: Sipe eee © sare Ske Eales aes CE SCS ECG eee 9) 0 ea a ea ah II OPLSAMSO Spisieceys Me ease) SSO MONT ts surepdweyg seo Socisre Sree Ae SUD Arcee a Eee ——— ir "S}OLISICY COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. No. 7. 223 Property coming from Canada by way of Buffalo, Black Rock, Oswego, and Whitehall, during the year 1851. Articles. Buffalo. |Bl’k Rock.| Oswego. |Whitehall.| Total. g THE FOREST. Fur and peltry......... pounds.. Aah, FSGS a's ctetas: « afel oie’ oc 1,041 12,227 Product of wood— Boards and scantling...... feet. ./10, 200, 427/12, 393, 957/74, 209 , 425/24 , 090, 425'120, 893,897 Shingles.........eeeseee- M...| 164,000 370 6, 645 1 999 172, 944 _ Timber..... aa hee »..cub. feet... 2,989 44,492 232. 855 1,187,371 1,467,707 Staves...ces-+s seeeee Hopigdse (ef: Sas Bale eines s cyeloiois © Vip miule's alasrces 35 356,151 WW GG 25 ss ons fs piennis set BOUS: la oe ae ean - Bios g's segesuislas: wate Sees 8 Ashes, pot and pearl... .barrels.. C122) | Nae Re 889 2,081 3,352 ° AGRICULTURE. Product of animals— i oe a ae barrels AG tem atniares otal slate Netencotes| 4 ata + Sees 19 BACON we cc's Sais) ore ss as 2 pounds ORUULUL ics SY See eee Be Ro 6,000 SMGHET Es woe oc 6 oie! es vie 0 = do BD WO Sloe 5/2 caweiaeens ARGUS |S etevai abeial ess 17,686 UG OR Sica aes do CLM se crus reese estas GP} c 154, 461 155,161 TUMIGON oateigla o!cnis © wrarme'h weber do OB5 020i << iercten mio 141,209 4,835 241,064 PAIAGS gets 0 eo 6 Sheias ov eco do LG Ge Se chee ceases eine eaeteiyapte| ora ey ahale cols 16,317 Vegetable food— SLOUT Spas wie meio wide wn ayes barrels. . 19,302 950} 343,932 7,589 371,773 Wheat : bushels 150,960 PATO) EOS SAU. 3 6 oles oe 837,715 FEV oho ohana Wied oe a's 00s Be otal PS Siar SIC Ow Ble id of 70,176 7,989 78,165 ar als sien chan wine © ccfsintet. «!e* do OAS TS. So wintds a Siclg ete ie tebe als simo:stes sh = 104,143 Reeder ei halen ered ofc" oia'e © dg ats Sear elepee sts 725 19,844 25, 606 51,179 LS Os Pa Cae oer do i Tee ene Hi 291 243 , 084 366,671 Bran aed Shipestusis «POURS vias 5 die 05 BS a|b)o'e Siares ole slo's ook wm erste 3,009 3,509 Peas and beans........ BUSHES felons Sisiec Wa aes eta» 6 64,896 21,132 86,028 PQtatOes «nic bine ale aes ee 6 do.. SUE wielaiein lee HD e ole cae efete 146 All other agricultural products— WOLEGH ey. oh. euste b oo © = tye pounds.. Ma MOOG 6 actus iledstese cso, eyare sito) oealpiete as eBe s] cle! s 6,000 Clover and grass seed..... dees. ON SA TG) st elecete sere 68,679 1,101 91,196 Elgg see sees aici ae es Sa LD ase: eG AU aR | RA? sie ce, Ae een a 25,862 20,862 MANUFACTURES. Domestic spirits........ gallons.. ROSATO oe oR ote ae sete ts ots Meds aBslacnce'la: cord rare, 10,470 Laviseetrorl . ox. 5). . ste'o- she OE AR EAs Spe be ccc Polefel einieics, aielar aie 1,120 as 120 Leather .. 26.023 seu o ah : ius e Gade aden - a OU bis is -eteslo's & 6, 742 | Furniture... aT eee 2,200 moro Ul) |Reen ace hac, ON ears: ty lien D5 000° Machines and parts thereof. Bite eat AG SS te syd Sys coat haih ae ae ‘B. 000 13, 900 ies, AS Beer as one pera e BB erate Mapeies sate Sycive| sim wis sta, wi aiarelisia © eoelerel aus 184, 638 184 638 OTHER ARTICLES Stone, lime, and clay...pounds ELAN | ated nat oh ater elie arene iain! aoa al amo, 30 11,669 | MERE Ree geese aS Oa teresa) = ayaa saps ae lehstalecalle) «al €0: ayei'e eo 172,363 172,363 WSR ae valores Bfhae we ee do AOE ask iSyvah hal See gine se 132,091 134,691 SURMONIES.. 5s 'gtersa ate ao) sete et do 83,317 34,132} 455,778) 679,501) 1,252,728 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 224 ‘sj40dumt Jo uuMyoo oy Jo yey} sourTeq ‘aourysut GOL‘GIT‘S 9rL‘1e9°s | 66L°s96'L | T9r‘9BL‘T | ShP'SS BLG ‘ES 106 ‘@6E £86" 668 096 Poe SIL‘L@6 | **syaodxo pur sjzodurt ;eyo], —_——_——_———_ | peas : £80 ‘96 R08 ‘987 0£9 ‘9 GGL flee Ss Sessa edhe latent 950° S61 Pe a ee ee ee ch ae OAS COSA San wep 8 88> SESLOUT TE ‘oseoy9 eeceeesreeces 7£9‘1L89 seecess eo oee CLO ‘GFL ce ee esr eee GLO'G LOF OF £ER°T SES SLSIRER 8 SNL OPER NS aww wee OTH STOOR AN “OLN UAT OT Jie 2s ES | a ee 006, hipaa 006 °8& SG aes Pi 8 Geek Re eMC NEY. ae ae ie Ge ESS YE OLUOL TAL” O BUTS IAT separa l-or eee: | Leg | cze‘0oy «| -F98 1039 | o6T'T | LtA“0ge [trees | OOOeD Pretec cr ee ues ‘gone evecvnceeenevs PPL‘ 6E9‘'T mist ene Se e678 LLO ‘GPG Peo ie ae i ere LYS‘? Les‘ Tt PEL‘S Sel Ste wkepvexe 000‘SOL pumpin sie Sv wp eye's age *-¢ 2 OUUUry) TERIUTAT: eo ere rovecne PEC‘ 169‘'S eee eece vee os G89 ‘POL pee eweeose atten 608°9 9070'S eee reeneen O0F (861 cada s sewed ek *** OTP “AOD ee ee ee ee eC C16‘ TFL‘'S ee oeeer ee eee Or0 mee) ae eee 0g9‘T £96 CI T8S‘T coeeeerece 000° 08 te eteeeseeereeees ging ‘esoyRing correo eee ee rl(sovveveseves 6E3‘6 6r0'S Paiaiaie aver oie 8 OG Soe ae BGR GT coe te eee eo ole seceeeesiececeee spinvatAsuuag ‘es, enbsasg oun’ CIl‘? Pere ee ee 6g ‘9EP‘T aed, e.0ca- 0 Rs eae CLL FI eevee eeo es reas) EG td gees HOG ChE Teele ANTS See Reee Seare a © PIO MON POPETTT coeer se eeees oss‘ T6E pee cere veeee C66‘ EI Brg o loca ee Bale Bee ee eee ae ee Eee 2 tee eee ee eR MON REO EN eee eer ey | kta oe oe pocas Olle Mic TaL A sve CCM aye 0 9-8) 29 6 wets |W mies Tw, am pauel| SLB iw: Roe Wo) #8! RUS mA NG TERED. elit [ae ore see # si Me Seales #6. 6h ee 86 Hess 8 Slee 2 Siecedie e0 8ST OW IOR MON ‘g9soulax) 169‘T9S‘& 00¢‘S #S0‘OEST LLC c6g‘e eerste aeeece CES 1S SPL gee NE ES En oe ee ee, M2NT ‘OSOMSQ 068 ‘LE GOP'S 0¢9'T 691 ee ees er eee 99& CrL 968‘S PBASCATO By eph|S FEN Sie) SYiNCe SLA S96. 9-° STO ALOT. ‘LOQIePT §,1}97IeG DIE 5 Sa INO BRE ESE OHS ST 81 a Cen sell ec la i te Nearer Gra etd ee eras awe SE quaout 4 ade 6 LLE BEB" L oze‘sze | 62I E01 S19 961 661 tesseeesseecssurersiecceceee HOR MON ‘OmyoyRseMse eee sree eee oslo v sees oones OLS eee eco een ees 0&6‘E eee ceeeeece €60‘9IT eoesceeoee 000‘S op SAS aneAht |S a. 5-e aobs © 9)*. STO MONT “TLR GEE) . pure JUOUIIO A "S1aYysng “S]aYysng "8]9bLD "S1OLMOT “SysDa "SySDO ‘jaaf "900f TW “spunog | “spunog ‘syroduiyT *sq1odxny ‘s}1odwy “sqtodxny sjiodury | ‘syiodxqg | ‘syzodury | ‘sjrodxq | ‘syzodury | ‘syodxg *yroU AA "IMo[y ‘SOusV ‘roquinyy ‘sn . S}OII4SIC] . “AUNLTANIUOVY JO SLONGOUd “ISHHOX AHL ———— ¥ TGQ ‘Te saquasag supua spah ay) surinp ‘saryuoLf ayn) ay? Uo S2OI8p U027997]09 pv4anas ay) Ur ‘as1njsD0d pasodua pup parodia sajoyso podrsuad ayy fo auos fo finguonb ay, sumoys quawuwanjgy—gQ ‘ON , 225 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Lpr ‘69 9886 DiGi nt e@eseeec cee eo & e@oese ee oo ® GLS'9 666 GI cg: ri 00S ‘9 eeereoe eee LEE "E 9LF‘T ’ LP's eS "SI.0DYID T “sjroduy P82 ‘1G ‘Sasnyong ‘sj10odxny “qn eeeee 0608 0 se@ee8 e8 © © eee e e 08 @ @ ooo e © Co oo OFG 600° TT gee ‘Sl PLO‘ O07 CGE LtG “sraysngy "sqy10dwiy 106 ‘OLS 6ar ‘OS 000°6 000‘S% SIG‘¢ 96L° LT Tries Bee OLG VEL ‘Spaysng “sy1odxny *890}240q 1&6 ‘SL OCI COS‘ LE 95% ELS ‘OTT eoeeee eee LVE‘TLI OF “spaysngy *sy10d ary GLI‘ O9E . ee hat 668'T7S | SSL‘T6S‘T | 6LF‘9GR‘L | P9S‘86Pr‘L LES "8 G91 ‘LET —-—_—_——. eoeceeoeseevee ee eeeee e0 ee © © 680° LOL COP ‘E61 OPS ‘8h [7 $9 966‘ 6E% P9P ‘89 1v0‘PS eoweeee epee eo see ee eo ee oo ee@eee coe ee oo 00S ‘P cooeeoe seo eae ee eoeoeereoaeeee GLO eooevee eee tie eee © e@oee oven e ere e@oeee ee oe eee ee ese ove oo eoeereesee eee eo cece ese ae eee eowoe eee 0 eo 8 oO gre‘ ter‘9 e©ee8 2% 00 &© & © © 6 CEB‘ TL em seeeetees| poelepr iy |e eeoceeseoe eee else ee eerste anaes s 00L‘8I eeerrve eee e@eeee esse ea ewrsle @ eee ee wo oOo ele wee eveasneee 908° 1S6°T $89 ‘8% | BSF ‘ES e@%jee oor ce eo eos cee eee ee ere e@eee te ee 0 @ oO 890‘ FS 68F ‘9% CIS‘ LE : e@oe eo re ee Oo 668 ‘C9 LOL ‘2 GhG‘S eeoeeeeo8ee6e6 19) ‘OPE “spaysng "S7IYSNE “Spaysng “SpaYysngy “sqrodxny ‘sqoduny “sy1odxny ‘sy1oduiy *S]eO “HYUOLINOMUOV FO SLOAGOUd, “PenunvoO— LNG ALL Vis | *spaysng GER‘ TOL‘S LIE’ 106°€ GPE ‘GL © @ ee &© 69 0 © & © Oo OLO‘8LE GPT ‘SLL‘@ 60S °RG‘T £69 ‘906 68E ‘FT veeeere eee eo © e@@ 6 e078 2 eo © eoeoeeete eae eee 00g! 18S ‘GF ole ‘T Cw eooeoeoVeve © Oo oO *sy.10d xr] “ULOF *sytodxe puv syroduut pejo 7, Sp Pare shel Sec STORITL ‘osvolyg *UISUOOSLAA SOLYNRATIPAT ehele ckerauesiele ULSITOLAT ‘ORUTYOVIAL ee ce oo ee oo Oe "URSLTOTIAY *“VOLJOCT eoeree eee vee oo “TULA tee ee ess corg ‘Aysnpueg sees ONG SusourAND *viuevapssuuag Sosy enbsorg Ronpnene si8n SITIO ANON ‘opugng “sees hoe IOX MON “OLBORTAS «see 608 x10 X MON ‘gaseuas) eee eee oe “10K MON ‘OS9MSO "YIOK MON SOQIVPT Ss. Vayorg seers SOK AMON “JuaoUTA adeg soe eNO MON ‘QI D}VGAMSE) corre e seo MAN SUIRpduLTyD pur ‘yuoUrts A 4k eee eee "BJOLIYSICY sc 18 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 226 2 —————— ee —™” a GOL‘ZOL | FEL‘FG | 919‘89 | Seg‘L8 | SET‘8E G98 6S €r0'F 89¢ 966‘ L gs0‘¢ Vh6‘9 eo %e ae @ G8o‘9L | See Peo‘'9 3 iis) eles eke OST‘? coos ceone "SILL | “S/aling *sqyzodury |*s}10dxy ‘Jd eee oO} CwaR LOTT ! eeereaeoe peseceoeesieoee eve ee 8 a ese ee e220 0 @ © 668 ‘9E 06° LG OLT 188% OST "S)ILLDT ‘sy1oduiy GES ‘0% 000‘¢ POL T 8g9 ‘gE 961 L 08¢ ‘ST OIL 0S c6S cr GG “SILO "sy10dxry eed: anne | 981 ‘8 GE9' BOGS 1€ eee ee & oo OLE‘ GE *SJaYysng ‘sqoduly cece eee e @ "SjaysSN “sqaodxry ‘suvoq put stog o1e‘s | 66t‘e | €00‘S | BI8°% | GES ———— |! 090'T SLT‘ G9 008 9LI‘T e©0¢ 8280 © o "Sapp "syodur] Giliear ecoceeoeee e|e oe 6 © o & a | a nr | nr a ‘sjlodxg CSV eee eee eo 691‘ 6YS £08 19 ‘syroduiy |'sziodxqy "U100-WOO1G, “oo0vqo J, "AUALTIAIIYUIV 40 SLOAGOUd esc rveece 6Re‘T eoeotceoeevleeeve eo # GéL LSE 69 eee +2 © @ ee Cite | eoscecaccee e|o ee oe oo ‘sang | “sap ‘strodwy |'sj1odxny “dueyy a “ponuyu0pO— TLNANWaLLV.LS ISv LoV coerce eo cee eee ee & e@oveectoes eee cee © © "Sa]0g syiodury |'sj10dxqq “Sav “U0}JO;) *+sjrodxa pur syioduil [eyo 7, eects ec eeesce IT ‘ostayg eseeaoves “"SLAA ‘aIyNVATIPAT -* POA “oem OR Tf "TOTAL “qLorzoq] "ree Og) SLUIRTAT = -“Onerey Aysnpurg HO ‘esoyrdnyg uueg ‘9ST subaeey eoee 2 "N ‘opepugd oe Tet “NI *VIEGEL NT coe oN Saesouexy s°°* “Ny SOSOMSC “+R CN STOQIeT] S.Jeyoesg eo eecee =e aN: *jUSOUI A edty Coe ae Yi ‘21012 58MSC) OOS aa 8) ‘urepdureyy pur ‘1W0ULIO A osreee ry eoee-'e ee wi mn ILS] 227 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. VL6 ‘ES eoveoece peeee oe e@eeovecee eeeoeoee e@eseeee ° "S1ILMDT *syiodwy czo‘oL ijess‘e99‘9 Isso‘ see ‘7 es OFS ‘FEL e@ooeoe e@ecvrleeceee eee 8 & 89S 006‘FFE jOGL‘0S 96'S jesse (0018 | 989°C PELE Eee ROT WON 16 OIL oR Pee Se PCEO OTP 660 ‘Set 4 610 'F9 888 ‘$3 THOS "SIRO "poqoe][09 OGL woul ‘saroigy pang ayn fo vavawmos usratof sy) pup ‘soins oyun qudroud anof ay) fo ‘uornnyva p ‘aseuno} pure ‘opery ‘s]joj—sjBUeo 97R19 HIOA MON —— “M18OX aaisnjour *TGQT oO un ‘uoynyndod ‘wor ~pauanu ‘ea1auuo2 ur ‘ssatcod a1) pun sjouno aipigy y¥4oK Marz ayy fo aspuuo, pun ‘apvosg ‘s770) ay? Gumoys ‘quamarD)s aayvinduoy 237 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. o8e ‘E90 ‘T 196 ‘F00‘T. GOP ‘6F9 801 TLL 16F ‘009 SPC ‘F19 FEL ‘969 F1S*S09 198 ‘862 088 ‘0T9 GZ0 ‘919 GTS ‘00L SFS ‘99T ‘T TPL ‘TIT LPS ‘FOL 686 (LOL ‘T 186 ‘999 ‘oLommye |eyqdieperyd Wad i ee pe —Jo 2}.10d 94} 4% poqda7T[09 KolING ee ZT 'STL'S | 899'ZLL'8G | S8G'CGB'9 | GsL'Ge9'g | 9eO‘9Gs'a | CTe'LES‘6L | OST ‘86h (OL | FLL ‘8h9'9 | 819 ‘SOT FL 910 ‘F965 j FL, 681 ‘86 O99 ‘GELS | 1261696 ‘FS | OL6'LIT'9 | CT9'FFB‘9 | 909'TOG'Y | 1¢8‘OS!Ly | BCO'TFE'6 | 10S 'FOL'9 | PE8 990 ‘GT 322100 9L1, £91 a0 8a |: 820 °628'S | FIS'L1E ‘SI | 9FS'088'F | 198'666', | Tar SFE’ | 183'88L ‘cr | 800'Z69'8 | 189'916'F | SOS FTO 'OT | FEC PLE °T6 | G6 610 (Ez TE6‘6LL°S | QBL‘SBL‘0G | ZLL'S80'S | OP GST‘2 | SEBELS | GEB‘ZhL ‘GP | GOP POG OL | EFO'SIS'G | O00 TAPL'GL | OLT LF 6 | LLL S8T 1G OF ‘8L6'T | FLO'PZS‘GT | 980 ‘860'F | LeF'0GL‘6 | LOT'IFG's | ceg‘osgor | 198 '980'6 | FIS‘Zer'h | GBL'9SG'6 | 966910. 8 SPI 613 '6 POL‘9SL'S | LG 'G16 ‘OT | GL FPS 'F | S0'698‘9 | GOO'TSL’> | 900‘9F9'Es | SFO'SGG'S | GTG‘aFO'y | E6E'686'L | TID TES EL | LIT S19 (oz Q2GiT9E'S | SOS‘GSG'LT | LGT'9L9'F | 686'9TS‘e | 9SFLG' | OLL'¥Eg'ss | sE8's26'8 |. 98G‘THL' | GFFIOCT'S | COP 268 69 | 186086 ‘Tz oe a Or eek Oe CLeLL a? Wy ae g One e898 808 ‘231 ‘6S | GIP TUG'L | OSL'LI6'S | SES'LIG'L | SRT BCS F9 | SFP P88 ‘ST ‘8 | SF oe F80 ‘216 ‘GT | 290'9PT'S | SET '61h‘S | 8E6'SGL'S | 106 (ZIT TS | PSP 'ss1‘¢ CBT ‘699 T | 66F S12 'TT | S6L‘6SL°S | 88/106 'F | F68 ECL O18 ‘10 ‘G3 | F6L088'h | SST ‘OTP 'F | OLL'TSS'2 | 180 9FF 1G | 009 (962 “ak ve ‘eae: : ae S78 'L0E'% | IFS CFE‘ | TOG CGT! : 082 ‘G61 ‘08 | 9ST'TFF'6 | GIS‘TOT'9 | 908 'ZFS ‘OT | G83 'SCE SL | 810 ‘216 ‘ST eae B96 '29T'L | ELT '068'T | SOL'89L‘e | GPI‘OGS'9 | 689 ‘SOF 'Zer] Ose 'G8G'8 | L19‘cEs'y | BS8'FOF's | BE 'F90 (09 | 196 ‘908 ‘FI FSS ‘906 'Z | S66 'G1F FI | GG0'ZOL'S | I9Gi91G*p | GIP (661 | PLP (OFE TS | 799 P6912 | G8G'C66'9 | OGPILEO CT | FIP ESP 66 | FEL 1286 LT G19 ‘Z88‘T | 80B'TPE'S | FGG'6ES'S | GLG'FeG‘p | TST ‘LLP 's | GOL‘FG9'TS | 666 00F'L | G9S‘TOL'S | OF8'ZEEk6 | 09E (6CT'S9 | TST ‘ees ‘ar OT9‘Z9T T | 924°619'9 | 898 ‘868 'T | 116 682 ' : 663 TF8'S | 129°6SF'Cs | ES '9T0'S | Ss0'2eR'2 | T10 ‘O89 ‘IT | 902 SF9 82 OPE 6F6 ‘AT 961 ‘169 B | LIL FBP ST | ThO (983° | PHF S66 's ay 219°8 | GST'899'2Z | OSS/9TL'S | OS*TST'L | S83 (890 IGT | 216 O04 LIT! 101 ‘Shs Fs ‘TIT 6SE'3 oe a 987 '219'S | 698 826 '8 GiOLL'y | ZEL'IGh ‘6S | FOE'STH 6 | ESTES | 1E6'G8S'ZT | FPS PSL 18 | SCS ‘FLT ‘ST pak aS Sel Ol |e. | S66 SOL er OF {660°2 981 G8 (6% | T19‘F86'S | LOT ‘149% | 80B'6LF OT | O1G PEL ZL | 6S9'Q10 ‘OT TSI 680 el ee eee TC6 810 ‘F 206 801" VS weet ewww eee l eee et tee ew eae 1G 6 Sarat sees eC ¢ ¢ soe e et ee eee Ce eC aay ¢ ¢ oh SST nas 916 Log og mie Pepa t = ML 010-81 OD0;05S 8 1 66G Gl Ate a | COT SFO OL (ekOnane Gy 981 960 02 ecw eter tees Ce i a ry eT) ‘eI¢‘e 61L ‘SPL ‘92 Ce ee ee i a ry ec) ‘E39 ‘TT 1G ‘163 1G Ce i aiid Hore, okes Soeketatexaie 859 ‘B10 ‘GT weeecteecreelese seers sees! Gey ST8g Z $29 ‘999 IT sodmouNOOdEs lobo Capo ba- 868 ‘eae 6 #90 ‘909 ‘SG [ctr ctr Snr os (CHOSE | Sees Sap ae oe eerie eee GUE ‘OOL OT | ROPSGIE FS [oo ee 5 Ge Seatac Pca lina bu es |eesenceester eeeeeoeane oer cealb rely on | meeer os fp ewes Z98 GE TT Se ee ee oebes . GUL TEE '8 628 ‘LEP GT eee ete ee eee elena eee sane 611 ‘TE¢ ‘eT 799 ‘SEL ‘F8 fete ew et wee Soe ES OOT Bed (GI is Se PR Ee . 186 (696 ‘TI 616 ‘680 “FS pee gle cere 161 ‘TPO ‘GL 216 "P60 ‘oe Weleseaweenve i eS 681 ‘SLT IL , cece 68 598 6 298 608 ‘3S weeee we oe ele eee tees wae Tee ‘egg ‘TL at ‘egy * 18 ce ee ee ew wenn ne CO RMID 8 | BE BD TC) SRE |. Ses S| OE RED CT SMe 08) | wee eg Oe | ee tec) Se | MeO aie Ud Bs td Seek.) I TT) I et eee a eS ee eee rere rae cs BR cores Beceem ee U CCS ee eee coal gu | geet = aes aos. | nae | ie gee oe “SIVT[Od "0X MON "m0js0q ‘aIOMII[eG | ViydapBytyd) “HIOK AWN *U0}S0g “OTOUNI] VG omdiopena “ycOX MON "u0jSog —JjoO 6310 ay} woay By40dxKe JO On[tA —JO s}10d 94} 48 S].10dtUT Jo onjeA 410d YRS 728 ONUIASI SUIOJSND OY} YA ‘atomp[eg pue ‘eiydjopepiyg ‘uojsog ‘y10X MON JO uoyendod puv ‘uoyjenyva ‘uoyrsyavu ‘ooLamMUIOs) ° ° ° ° ° e . . ° "RICO A ‘ponunuog—'aP ‘syouna agvjig y4oX Many ay) fo adouu0or pun ‘apv.) ‘87707 9Y2 Gurmoys ‘yuawajnis aaynsvdwog . fae . ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 238 a a ee ee eweeceoeereseor|seoreesee eee eae eee ae ees es 19 18 179 ‘8 116% 160 ‘STL 989 ‘6ST 891 ‘SF 'T 116 ‘ore BiwloTora}aieyaeyars\e a\n,4\¢\¢ 0+ ¥.s\0ir SE eR G10 ‘69T &c8 607 F6E GIG 881 881 8&7 L189 691 8 G81 88¢ 66 016 GST Ise SFU 628 817 Ve en pee ee aerate a8) 6 1 wena ccce swecolessscee: C0 eeleesereooecereseisereeesee sene PSP 909 81Z ‘8 0r6 GB 89) OTL 809 GPL 008 LIT T 91 1¢F pha ols ehS encereseae ale. ewe "*ie\ve)aj's\'= ke ee Glerelelsletsinlelsieta||te.6 e1e s pints eieie eis eis eee e mice e005 © @ 0,6 8 6 08 8 61F FE 018 'S 26'S 0g¢ GOL 18) 611 G6P B&G $19 ‘ASP pisieie ein cegeh casein aio :2,<.*\-\0-°. 62 Pees Ce CC ee le 129 BE) 'S Oz1‘S G90 “SSL PLL 681 899 ‘ecg 9GP ‘CZe SIDS SO ODD S'S SS a IER Te 1S wiatbineltete ts ciale gills e ere © ee sl Sie. s ]e)e 6 eves Oeics 2 6 0 8 se s.6 6.00 O&F 868 BEL ‘S ZL 'S 906 ‘68 SPO ‘88 118 ‘ecg 988 ‘81g Picea jens, Siexfleiwle) sara cheep sie: 2'' 9 RET, wewcrvcecccaleccecceesreerlecer coer cccs 998 ‘FIT #83 0ZP 3800'S 991‘ 020 (08 S18 16 818 ‘169 BCG ‘808 POI EO 2.0 101 SEI Oe oy Pe ee ee ee ee 60? LEP GL ‘6 168 'L sea b) 68 OFF es Sh aa pecneneiesa ie loVaie i>) clelsis) Aa ckehereitiaisie= ee OM Dorma avcleelese es meus ese GCZ CG Ie ‘Tt “6 G I 1g L ETE a Sis NT yf aiciaTanedeisnhiatetevel farsietnm(misiielaiescllieveieie. ee (e)'e,/n- 6:6 0/20 * 6 « 29:0 0)\eiaip SOP CoP 186 ‘T 611 ‘T $06 ‘98 baG ¥6 G10 ‘01g 992‘9)G SEE eer oad De eee I ey aielaletsielalsisiev= 'siliu (e elcreelelaceterexe!| 6 ee) ee ae) nieve @)|Sim se 08 8) 5a e)ee FPP S6P 860‘ 0g) ‘T SFL 68 010 66 $69 LEG £28 ‘16% wow e ccc eee es eae eee be eset ecece SIs‘ZOL | - 88 ‘sce BIL ‘OTe 88 ‘86 OlP tr G06 ‘T 10¢°T OFL 28 BOL 18 186 (CFS CheeGhoe Ie ug TS eee Viale @ clelsele.e « eliic.e ae 8 0a © ele eefie vee cows cece} ores ee ease SGP TE@ 88% OFF T Od (82 ube J) eee 999 “08 Pe a | HRT ree rei al lf shave ro’ c¥steve'oyecei| (oisiers sos cneleueies|{erer-uar sunteserwi oxare S68 a 29 ‘T GEz ‘T ¢ G31 ‘ES 6P ‘2GP 868 ‘86T. gue) aE ated orerexels sherne ny cues ILLS eS) wee tere ccc eel ler ee acces eerie ereegpersaeeeisererereeses Ga Ser BSS Wet G68 (96 CTL ‘16 POT 619 116 ‘4S . oS etry Gees 668 LOP G03‘ 18s T 9LT OL V8P 78 8&o FEg P89 FS ie ot ain a a oN, ae ee a a ee ee 09 8), 968 oP 800 ‘'S scl 'T EGP g9 £66 ‘8) C99 COP 0G? ‘F6L . . Selw ie) le eS sie s'0)||)v eo (0J0 [6le 0 ue. 6 v eljic ate 6 © gic eieves 6 [sae esr eee e 80 te eZe LPP 0¢6 ‘T 010‘ 820 ‘eo P08 ‘Es 169 ‘STP C80 ‘S8T elnielnlslalaneterercicitistalelcleluisleke (ele) eitis\siskele sles) viejo) |iulei (0 e's)" 9 meio illo ee = 66/000 016 PLP Bi ereiiopr! oopicre cdsiia|(e)=)e\elsieim ie" )-ise)|[ocieas Uacse *\ Pirie) “| ohelsasselcasseeseleieil Oman) cr Reioratetphaleecioterallistetstvleverelvtets's elelsielbts © eA sleelee a lelatataieleie elelstcelliviels oe) elalale se) = lis\s)ele)e silulelle-eie)e| © © © > sleeve a6) 6 p'l\e ae) m6. 90 000 2 SGP it Week pa Roo OS eae ae ee ee 814 ‘L0P penn te |e eoeee ee SEE Aa 3 as Behyaiitss Besltees eye or 968 3 ai a eens . 56 eeccsleeceeeccee eevee 600 168 PO Pea oe Sie Pe abe > ee ee ee 196 88ST 100 0% 268 19 ee eee eee eens ClF EOS R ET es | aera al aE aC ea CTL PIS pea eee at Se an 2 TR SE aaa |e oe ee a ra ee cere coes £3 epee alas Sep |p PEN Ea eee BIG ‘186 reise ieee ee ee ae eee meee evo eel tees ees e ese store r eres sese bes ghar et eee eee eee oer 0Gr pps alate Spe Cs S829 SS Sr ae oS Se Bite ee 119 1928 er ary ah eres Pk eames Smeets) 8217 wee e cc esle sce cer cr cece 69P eiciehshe ehekelstdie\e||(s\eiels 0) = (s (ele) ere ee ts e cere wees GLS ‘263 bee 2 eccclseee ; eee "JEST hc ck a tee ee AD 165 716 RS | coca **OZ8T « up wercnresl a eect cee 6LT ‘08% eee ciwece wees . PER SE 775° @ sac Biels s oss ellis > © eieac ce vleieje Ge pevwenece[ere- cree see sleccececcetcae tog ee ey ee ees bert ore ee: ies Saar 1 691 ‘GS eee eeect ewes “PSST weet eee eevee eee Seis ie Z9P wesw eres ese elererseseseeecs espe Nee pale et wee ec eees G82 ‘96% Coer rear ceens FC "OZ8T sweet vee e eer el(eeorceescees F6P ee ew weer ceee eo es ee aleere vec ccees 062 92% stew eee cece wees lec e erases oerstfecererecereeee(eeseeserereer(eeereesesece sGa7 216 ecg eee ele ees eee eevee 296 ‘TLL eee ree es wees 881 °S9 160 ‘18ST. 902 ‘831 862 ‘SP eee ewer reece 617 dec cece ccc ee fe ees were vere (tte tte weet sree acer vere leces aces sane PEO SOIO TED CER aaa aera ergeenca Trt) C7 eeceree eee ee|s eee ores Pe ee i te ia) leo) ri Hid co od Dx mre eee eee es eee ele een ees eeeerieet reese ssese weer esse er eee slo er ese eoeeseeesieeese esse seve oe a “equan N *TOQUInNN ° "SuOy, ‘eromnyeg |erydpperyd) ‘WOR MeN | “aoysog | ‘ozomeg |-eIydjoperma| “XOX MON | “Uosog | “OLOUNIIeE |eIYdiopepyd) “AIX AON | “WOISOg “8.180 X —Jo uonrndog *sooue.AyUg —je poi9}Ud oSvuU0} USIOIO ‘q10d YOR 7B ONUIAAT ,SMIOJSND ey} YY ‘oLoMp eG pue ‘viydpapspiya ‘uoysog ‘yIOX MON JO uoNefndod pur ‘aoyneniwa ‘TONnes1AvU fadLeTIUMIOD “poenunuoj—'aP ‘sapuno ani yLOX Many ay) fo adnuuo? pun ‘apn.) ‘S702 9Y7 ouunoys quauarnis aajvivduo penuyuor) i Si YOK MAN IY P P 7/02 OY unoy a 109 239 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. OST (L1G ‘118 081 868 ‘IST 068 (SSL ‘CFT TST 086 (FST GEO ‘8F9 ‘SCT. OIG 88F ‘SIL 909 (9F9 ‘PLT GF0 (006 ‘TIE OSf 9F8 'F8 FES (169 ‘FOL 808 (198 ‘TSE 9F6 (G80 "SST CLP ‘829 ‘TZT 919 (98h ‘SOT 918 ‘61P ‘LIT OFO 699 ‘S2I 11G $69 T@T 619 ‘98s ‘FOL SEF OPT ‘06 P86 9LT 18 €8¢ 018 ‘18 809 '6F8 ‘62 TL9 826 ‘BL 989 ‘$96 ‘61 128 ‘FBE ‘28 BEE 1469 'L), 886 (98S ‘66 199 ‘986 ‘¢1 060 (669 ‘FL 186 (091 ‘82 2868 P16 59 699 °169 "69 “sqlodxiy G86 ‘C31 ‘GTS SIS ‘9ST ‘SLE - 68P (198 ‘LPT 866 (866 ‘FST 889 ‘CFS ‘OFT 161 (169 Tar F9S ‘FOS “LIT G60 ‘CEP ‘SOT 662 '89) ‘F9 180 ‘291 ‘O0T LLE ‘OPE 2] GIS TPT LOT GSI ‘60 ‘Z9T. FOP LIL ‘Si 11Z ‘686 OFT G80 ‘O86 “68T. GPL ‘C68 ‘6FT GES ‘1BS ‘9ST IT ‘SET SOL 996 ‘620 ‘LOT P21 I61 ‘SOL 066 ‘918 ‘02 LEQ‘Z6P FL $68 ‘609 ‘88 690 ‘PSP 62 LLY 'F16 F8 C10 ‘0F8 ‘96 100 ‘6S ‘08 196 ‘619 ‘LL TFG ‘IFS ‘88 FL ‘G89 ‘29 000 OSF ‘FL SEE ‘SOT (088 OTF ‘G80 ‘986 660 (112 (99 1G) ‘BOL FS6 908 ‘BGT 16 COP CS6 146 S16 (8&6 '6&3 1¥0 (096 (S86 810 ‘623 ‘626 906 ‘908 LE 086 ‘FET 13 L1G 'G6B BSG OSP (288 ‘99% 1F6 ‘BSI 493 0L6 LFL 69% 0&6 10S 608 801 ‘S22 ‘813 T1G '8¥9 98ST 181 ‘C6F ‘99 819 ‘GS ‘OFT P1B 086 681 819 ‘883 Sar 990 ‘608 ‘TIT 89 (610 FIL 926 ‘118 ‘BLL 18) ‘Lr LOT 919 ‘220 ‘S8 se eet tm weer ween *sy.10d my *popnyour s1oedg *popnyoxe o1oedg *BO}BIG psylUg oy} Jo soA1eMMMOD UsIAIO, poe OE 1 2 OR oe en SLO | 696 (196 ‘SST ¥20 (C96 ‘108 G20 ‘G0T ‘68 | 082 ‘168 (OFT DE ie ore ca Penne SI el SOE oer as ve |. 610 ‘128 ‘OFT 6 11S ‘061 ‘881 FOL ‘889 ‘SFL 088 G19 1) 689610908 869 ‘TPL ‘OCT GFE FOP TEL G26 G08 LL oe Rees nee SFG (689 'G0T G90 ‘PIG ‘LTE LT ToL 19 | meg LTT ‘0F0 ‘90 668 ‘FST ‘SIL 168 (116 (69 LZE ‘89 ‘0GT GES ‘GPL ‘COT 909 ‘P09 “GOT SLL ‘068 84 69 669 “SIL 689 ‘G28 “68 FOP SEP GP 06P (GGG ‘89 a ee G66 ‘118 66 110 °¢10 '95 000 ‘000 ‘8a Ss ee pe ba Bee ae aan Se 8 °899 “Sar 902 ‘896 '86 (BFS 1G RUE en 819 “193 ‘OTE 9C6 ‘96P ‘OCT PEG 196 “6G ee or 019 ‘816 ‘F0T. 886 (016 'G6 000 ‘00% ‘FF hn oa roe 1EL ‘Shh TIT $08 ‘ZLP “OST 000 ‘004 ‘FF ee ree FOL ‘SSS “FOL PST 619 ‘IT 000 ‘06% FF Seth ene 608 ‘GIG ‘CIT 63 ‘F9L 981 000 GL 61 ah tee: CTS ‘096 ‘OT 002 ‘609 ‘SOT 000 (008 (ST Sp atc eee GEL ‘82a '18 8F6 (140 ‘10T 060 ‘008 ‘ST on ee F69 029 18 Z9L ‘TCL 6 GOP LES LE ee, ae, 309 C6 ‘BL 6LT ‘C88 °6 006 169 LT a gl G61 °899 TL 926 “0ZL “29 099 686 LT eS 199 ‘FEF 19 C16 ‘880 ‘19 00G 168 9T » stagtls Seek eee 01% ‘120 ‘£9 SF¢ 610 18 00¢ ‘188 OT oe eee 196 608 FL S86 BES “TL 009 "18s ‘91 Bee ie te 681 088 BL TIG 660 (81 00¢ 186 9T oo ee GEE ‘8E1 06 OTS 1682 (06 00¢ 166 (OT ee Boer GOT 816 89 BLT 697 18 00G 166 9L vineePeaeg ees EF0 (926 (89 SL ae OUG 266 91 So 8 IOL oes ‘19 C69 118 ‘6 Ce ee a 626 ‘96P 79 PSE ON coy tie Sch vat UR agate ee “SIVTLOM i 83 10d xn *3}. 10d my “2.1LOTITY CE | “erydjopryig 000 176 (181 009 600 08 003 ‘O8L PLT 009 821 LOT OOF 098 COT. 009 (6.8 ‘SPT 001 SF6 SET 006 0SP 'SIT 000 (990 OLT QOL SGL 907 009 (900 '86 009 FSC F6 00P 928 16 009 186 (06 008 ‘689 68 000 ‘CPS 88 009 GOS “61 008 (08 “PL 008 LF OL OOF PIS (29 006 ‘869 09 000 ‘899 "6g sees cere eae we twee eet eee 009 “GFP FS eee ee eee wee sae eee eet woe 003 ‘682 ‘88 ee Pe CC eC i aC ary ee eC ee ee ee ey i a) eee tees cette “YOK AON —Ul 93489 /Guosz0d put [ver Jo UOEN[VA “u0}s0g 310d OVS JB ONUSADT SOTO snd OY} UPA ‘orowN[T” pure ‘vrydjeptlluyd ‘uoisog ‘40K APN JO uoNendod pu ‘uotyenia ‘uoyediava ‘soroUIO* ee "BAS X ‘penuljuog—'ah ‘s/DUDI d701S) YLOK NaN oy} fo IO DUNO) puv ‘IpDA} *s7]01 ay? HUUNOYS “IUPUI IDIS IAUIDLVAUOZ) aan city 6h) 0 pane REST Stic Ape 2" = ORO hes 1-) 2 “3° S Open - St ener eae 7) 6 Bae oh oS Spe. Ss 5 5h a 7:) & ey cio 9 series SOR RTE “ese e Se oer GER Geer rte EeRT - a OORT, S.A agy = ie ree: See a (ELS) Sa 1 4°16 +f PSE ET BS A) | "+e Sore **C68E. a 3) fi I (5) 9 “9 9° Shaper =* Sa Re RET 1°) 240 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The foregoing statements show, that while the cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia have made a rapid advance in population, their foreign commerce has remained very nearly stationary for a long series of years, proving most conclusively that a large foreign commerce can only be maintained by a city that is able to make herself the depot of the domestic products of the country. The Erie canal secured to the city of New York the trade of the interior, because it occupied the only route practicable for such a work. So long, therefore, as canals continued the most approved of known modes of transportation, the superior position of that city in reference to the internal trade of the country remained unquestioned. Such is now no longer the case. For travel, and for the transport- ation of certain kinds of merchandise, the superiority of railroads is admitted. It is also claimed that they can successfully compete with the canal in heavy treights. However this may be, the correctness of the assumption is admitted by the construction of railroads parallel to all the canals, for the purpose of competing for the business of the lat- ter. ‘The conviction is now almost universal, that commercial suprem- acy is to be secured and maintained by this new agency, which neu- tralizes, to a great extent, the advantages arising from the accidents of position; and that the commerce of the country is still a prize for the competition of all cities which may choose to enter the lists. In- fluenced by these views, all the great commercial towns have either completed, or are constructing, stupendous lines of railroad, with the confident expectation of securing to each a portion of the trade which, up to the present time, has been almost entirely monopolized by one. It is proper to state, that the people of New York, in view of the competition and rivalry with which they are threatened, have deter- mined to complete the enlargement of the Erie canal within the shortest practicable period. It is calculated that this enlargement can be com- pleted within three years after it shall be undertaken. The enlarged canal will allow the use of boats of 224 tons burden, or three times the capacity of those now employed; and will, it is estimated, reduce the cost of transporting a barrel of flour from Buffalo to Albany to twenty- five cents, and other merchandise in like proportion. As the canal is abundantly supplied with water, the only limit to its capacity is the time required tor passing boats through the locks. Itis calculated that an average of 26,000 boats can be locked each way during the busi- ness season. Allowing each boat to be fully loaded, the total tonnage capacity of the enlarged canal would equal 11,648,000 tons. But as the proportion of down to up freights is as four to one, the average ton- nage of the boats is estimated, in the reports of the State engineer for 1851, at 140 tons for each boat, which, for 52,000 boats, would give an annual movement of 7,230,000 tons as the total capacity of the canal, or 5,824,000 tons down, and 1,406,000 tons up freight. It is esti- mated that upon the enlarged canal the cost of transportation, embra- cing tolls, will be reduced to five mills per ton per mile upon ordinary merchandise, or to $1 82 per ton for the entire distance from Albany to Buffalo. Champlain canal.—TVhis work, though originally constructed tor the accommodation of the trade of the country bordering upon that lake, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 241 bids fair to beeome an important avenue for the trade of the St. Law- rence basin. This lake is now connected with the St. Lawrence river at Ogdensburg, above the rapids, by the Ogdensburg or Northern rail- road; at Montreal, by the Champlain and St. Lawrence railroad ; and will soon have a farther connexion at Lachine, by means of the Platts- burg and Montreal railroad, now in progress of construction. It is also connected with the St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of the Sorel, by means of the Chambly canal. Through this last channel the State of New York now receives a large and annually increasing amount of lumber. The Ogdensburg railroad was built expressly for the pur- pose of diverting a portion of the trade of the St. Lawrence at that point, and it is reasonable to suppose that all the roads named will, in time, become, in connexion with the lakes and canal, important out- lets for western trade. They promise to open not only cheap, but ex- peditious routes, which, in a press of business, must be well patronized. It may be stated here, that the proposed ship-canal from Caughnawaga to Lake Champlain will open a practicable route for the largest class of vessels from the upper lakes to Whitehall, within seventy-five miles of tide-water. As the route of the proposed canal is remarkably favorable, and as it can be fed from the St. Lawrence, and built at a moderate expense, it is believed that it must be constructed at no distant day. Railroads of New York. Railroads from Albany to Buffalo—The first continuous line of rail- road to connect the lakes and tide-water was that from Albany to Buffalo, following very nearly the route of the canal. As it was a pri- vate enterprise, and came into direct competition with the State works, the canal tolls were imposed upon the carriage of all freight, in addition to the cost of transportation. From this source the State has derived a large revenue. This tax has had a tendency to confine the business of the road to the less bulky and more valuable articles of freight, and to those of a perishable nature. The tax was removed on the first of December, 1851, by an act of the legislature; hence the road is now brought inte free competition with the canal, and has, during the pres- ent season, carried flour from Buffalo to Albany for sixty cents per barrel, which is nearly fifty cents below the average price by canal for nearly twenty years subsequent to itsopening. The quantity of freight is still restricted for the want of sufficient equipments and suitable accommodations for receiving and storing it, particularly at Albany. This fact operated as a serious drawback on the past winter’s oper- ations. ‘The necessary facilities for business will soon be supplied, and there can be no doubt that the railroad will engage in a large car- rying business in direct competition with the canal. The above road will soon have practically a double track for its whole line. It already has such from Albany to Syracuse. From the latter place a new road is nearly completed to the Niagara river, com- posed of the straight line between Syracuse and Rochester, and the Rochester and Niagara Falls road. Its capacity for business will, 16 242 ANDREWS’: REPORT ON therefore, be unlimited. It connects with Lake Erie at Buffalo; and with Lake Ontario, through branches already in operation, at Sackett’s Har- bor, Cape Vincent, Oswego, and Lewiston; and, by lines in progress, at Great and Little Sodus bays, and at Rochester. By presenting numerous points of contact with western trade, it will escape all the inconveniences of too great a concentration of business at any one point, and will be enabled to offer great facilities for the cheap and easy transport of freight. . At Albany, it will connect with the Hudson river and Harlem roads, the former of which will be a double track road. In connexion with these a double track will be formed from New York to Buffalo, and to various points upon Lake Ontario. At Buffalo this line is carried for- ward to the roads of Ohio by the Lake Shore road. The great western roads of Canada, now in progress, will form a cofnexion with Detroit, by way of the north shore of Lake Erie. From Detroit, the Michigan Central railroad 1s completed to Chicago; as is the Michigan Southern from Monroe; so that by January, 1854, New York will have two par- allel lines of railroad to Chicago, each of which will be about one thousand miles long. From Chicago to the Mississippi river two im- portant roads are in progress—the Galena and Chicago, and the Rock Island and Chicago, both of which will be completed in the course of 1853. The length of these lines will be about one hundred and eighty miles each. Although the carriage of freight has been denied to the above line, except on payment of canal tolls, which amounts to a virtual prohibition of many articles, it has exerted an influence on the growth and pros- perity of New York second only to that exerted by the Erie canal. In connexion with the great lakes and the western lines of improvement, it commanded, as soon as opened, the travel between the Atlantic States and the West and Southwest, and concentrated this travel upon that city, which in this manner became a necessary point in the route of every western or southwestern merchant, visiting the eastern States. The result was, the introduction to merchants of that city of a large class of country traders, who would otherwise have continued to pur- chase at points where they had been previously accustomed to trade. By passing through New York, the whole business population of the country established business relations more or less intimate in that city. Erie railroad and its branches—The Erie railroad, unlike the Central line, was planned and has been executed with special reference to the accommodation of the trade between New York and the West. It is the greatest work ever attempted in this country, and its construction is the greatest achievement of the kind yet realized. The road and all its structures are on the most comprehensive scale, and its facilities for business are fully equal to the magnitude and object of the work. As the lake, on the one hand, and the Hudson river on the other, are approached, the road spreads out into a number of independent lines, forming at each terminus a sort of delta, to accommodate its 1m- mense business. Its outlets to tide-water are at Newburgh, Pier- mont, and Jersey City. At the two former places the company COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 243 have extensive grounds for the reception, storing, and forwarding of merchandise. With only one terminus, it would be impossible _ to accommodate its immense business without great confusion and delay, and greatly increased cost. On the western portion of the line, as soon as the Susquehanna val- ley is reached, important lines radiate from the main trunk, striking the lakes at all the points above named, and at Dunkirk in addition. The more important of these branches are the Syracuse and Binghampton, in connexion with the Syracuse and Oswego road ; the Cayuga and Sus- quehanna, in connexion with the Lake Ontario, Auburn, and New York road; the Canandaigua and Corning, in connexion with the Canandai- gua and Niagara Falls road; the Buffalo, Corning and New York, and the Buffalo and New York City railroads. By means of all these feeders, the trade of the West will be inter- cepted at almost every important point on Lake Erie and Ontario, and collected and forwarded to the great trunk line. Measures are also in progress to connect the Erie road with Erie, Pennsylvania, by a line running direct from Little Valley ; and with Pittsburg by means of the Alleghany Valley railroad. It is hardly possible to conceive a road with more favorable direction and connexions, possessing capacities for a more extensive business, or one that is destined to bear a more im- portant relation to the commerce of the whole country. This road was opened for business only on the first of June, 1851. It has not, therefore, been in operation a sufficient length of time to supply any satisfactory statistics as to its probable influence upon west- ern commerce. So far as its business and revenues are concerned, it has exceeded the most sanguine expectations. In this connexion it may be stated that another very important out- let from the Erie road to tide-water, the Albany and Susquehanna rail- road, is about to be commenced; the means to construct which have already been secured. The distance from Binghampton to Albany by this route will be 143 miles, against 224 to New York by the Erie road. From Binghampton, going east, commence the most difficult and ex- pensive portions of the Erie road, involving high grades, short curva- tures, and a much greater cost of operating the road per mile than the portion of the line west of that point. From Binghampton to Albany the route is very direct, and the grades favorable ; and there can be no doubt that a considerable portion of western freights, thrown upon the Erie road, will find its way to tide-water ever the Albany and Susque- hanna road. Such, particularly, will be the case with freight which is designed for an eastern market. The large number of railroads con- verging upon the Susquehanna valley renders the Albany and Susque- hanna road highly necessary, to relieve the lower portions of the former from the immense volume of business that will be collected upon the main trunk from all its tributaries. The best commentary on the importance of the last named project is to be found in the action of the city of Albany, which very recently, im her corporate capacity, made a subscription to its stock to the amount of $1,000,000, in addition to large private subscriptions. The following table will show the cost of the nublic works of New 244 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON York which have been constructed, or are i. progress, With a view to their becoming avenues of the trade between the East and the West: Erie and Champlaim canals. se. 2220 12h deen Sosa $26,000,000 Amount estimated for completion of Erie canal........ 9,000,000 Phudsomriven ratliadoslictsnd tenths ot: beget ed oral 12,000,000 Forlem railread. wished tribes eater sied sees 4,373,317 Utica: and: Schenectady railroadsc: oa! evel soadide de 4,143,918 Albany andyvSchenectady ranread) 4s 4ateen ioe eee 1,740,449 Sy racuséiand Winda iraalroadé } Acissh selsotieeuio nies 2,970,891 Rochester and Syracuse railroad, (both lines).........- 6,464,362 Buffalo a@ndsRochester ratltoad 22. od) a ee 2,228,976 Rochester and Niagara Falls railroad............... 1,600,000 Osweso and. Syracuse railroadwy oi lic 2 tee. See 588,768 Rome and Watertown railroad... .. ahead cals eee eaale 1,500,000 Sackett’s Harbor and Elhsburg railroad............. 300,000 New: Kork- and» Barrie irailroad je... 6o6 oe be eke eee 26,000,000 Canandaigua and Niagara Falls railroad............. 3,000,000 Buffalo, Corning and New York railroad............. 2,000,000 Buffalo and New York city railroad....-..........--- 1,500,000 Albany and Susquehanna railroad.....-....-..-..-- 4,350,000 110,410,681 Norre.—The cost of the Sodus bay and Southern, and the Lake On- tario, Auburn and New York railroads, cannot, in the present stage of their affairs, be estimated with sufficient accuracy to give them a place in the above table. The cost of the Rochester and Syracuse road is estimated. Railroads from the city of New York to Montreal, Canada.—The roads that make up the line from the city of New York to Montreal consti- tute a very important route of commerce and travel. The city of Mon- treal is the commercial emporium of the Canadas, and is a large and flourishing town. It lies very nearly north, and at a distance of about four hundred miles from New York. The roads which connect these cities lie in the gorge which divides in two the great mountain range extending, unbroken, except in New York, nearly from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This basm, or gorge, is occu- pied by the Hudson river, Lake Champlain, and the outlet of the latter to the St. Lawrence—the river Sorel. The route, as will be seen, is remarkably direct and favorable, as far as its physical characteristics are concerned; and as it connects the commercial metropolis of this continent with the great city of the St. Lawrence, and traverses a con- stant succession of large and flourishing towns, its importance will be readily appreciated. This great route is made up, for a large portion of the distance, of two distinct lines. The first link, from New York to Albany, 1s com- posed of the Hudson river and Harlem roads; the second, from Albany to Rutland, Vermont, is made up of the Troy and Boston, and Western Vermont roads, and the Albany and Northern, and Rutland and Wash- ington roads. From Rutland only one line is in operation, composed COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 245 of the Rutland and Burlington, Vermont and Canada, and Champlain and St. Lawrence roads, A road is also projected upon the west bank of Lake Champlain, which, when completed, will give two distinct lines for the whole distance between New York and Montreai. From Albany and Troy a railroad is in operation to Whitehall, the southern terminus of the lake. A road is also in operation from Montreal to Plattsburg, a distance of about sixty miles, and a comparatively short link only is wanting to constitute a new and independent route between New York and the St. Lawrence river; which there is every reason to believe will soon be supplied. The above line of road, though recently opened, already commands an amount of travel fully equal to the importance of the connexions it sustains. Its through-freight business is not so large as its passen- ger travel, for the reason that a large portion of the line follows the immediate bank of an excellent navigable water-line, which, in the summer season, commands the heavy freight. In the winter it will become the channel of trade as well as of travel. As a pleasure route it presents uncommon attractions, which will secure to it a large business in the dull season for freight. The inland lines n Vermont and New York, however, traverse sections of country capable of sup- plying a very large local trafic both from their agricultural and min- eral resources. Among the most remarkable topographical features of this country is the severance of the great Alleghany range by the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, on the one hand, and Lake Champlain on the other.. So deep are these indentations that the ‘dong level”? of seventy miles on the canal, occupying the summit of the ridge which divides the waters running into Lake Ontario from those flowing into the Hudson river, and which coresponds to the crest of the Alleghanies, is nearly one hundred feet below the surface of Lake Erie, and might, with some additional expense, have been fed from that source Lake Champlain is only eighty-seven feet above the ocean, and the summit between it and the Hudson is only one hundred and forty- seven feet above tide-water, and only twenty-three feet above the latter where the Champlain canal intersects it. In approaching New York from the interior, which is in the direction of the heavy trade, the above routes are the most favorable to economical transit, nothing being lost in overcoming adverse grades. It is these facts that con- stitute these routes keys to an important portion of the commerce of the country, and have rendered New York the commercial metropolis. They are as well adapted to railroads as to canals; and as these de- pressions are bounded by high ranges of hills, the basin at the head of navigation on the Hudson must be regarded as one of the most impor- ant interior points in the railroad system of the country. Albany and Troy are the cities of the eastern States, lying upon tide-water, the most accessible from the interior, and are consequently the radiating points of some of our most important lines of improvement. The trunks of these to tide-water are the Hudson river and Harlem roads, which bear the same relation to the roads occupying the routes above described, as does the Hudson river to the Erie and Champlain canals. These facts 246 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON are a sufficient illustration of the important relations borne by the Hudson river and Harlem roads to the railroad system of the country. Railroads from Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence—The Champlain and St. Lawrence and the Plattsburg and Montreal railroads have already been briefly described. The third and most important line of road uniting the above waters is the Northern, connecting the lake with the river St. Lawrence, at Ogdensburg, a point above the falls on that river. This road, though in the State of New York,.is properly a Bos- ton work, as it was planned and the means furnished for its construc- tion by that city. It is regarded as the key which opens to the roads terminating there the navigable waters of the lakes. An important extension of this road is under contract from its south- ern angle, near Potsdam, to Sackett’s Harbor, on Lake Ontario. The completion of this link will form a complete chain of railroads through the northern portions of New York, connecting Lake Champlain with all the important ports on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario. The three leading lines already described constitute, with their branches, the great routes of railway travel and commerce im the State of New York. In addition to the through business, they all traverse routes capable of supplying a lucrative local traffic; particularly the lines in western New York. The description of the trunk lines will convey a sufficiently accurate idea of the objects and characteristics of their respective branches without a special notice of the latter. The most considerable line of road, not particularly alluded to, is the Long Island road. This was one of the earliest works of the kind in the State, and was constructed chiefly to accommodate the travel between the cities of New York and Boston. It is a somewhat remark- able fact that the pioneer work should be now entirely abandoned as a route of travel between the above cities. It is now only used to ac- commodate the local business upon its line, and consequently cannot be regarded as a work of much importance. Delaware and Hudson canal.—This work was constructed for the purpose of opening an outlet for the northern Pennsylvania coal-field. It extends from Roundout to Honesdale, in Pennsylvania, a distance of 108 miles, and is connected at that place with the coal-fields by a rail- road. It is a well-constructed work, of large capacity, and has proved a very useful one, not only on account of its coal trade, whence its chief revenue, but from its local traffic. Measures are also in progress for the construction of two considera- ble lines in the western portion of the State—one from the city of Rochester, following the valley of the Genesee river, to Olean; and the other from Buffalo, probably to the same point. The objects in- ducing the construction of these roads, independent of local considera- tions, are the communications which they promise to open through the Alleghany valley road with Pittsburg and the coal-fields of northern Pennsylvania. Both routes traverse districts of great fertility, which cannot fail to afford a good business. The value of a railroad con- nexion between Buffalo and Rochester, the two most important cities of western New York, and Pittsburg, which is at the head of navigation on the Ohio, will be readily appreciated. An examination of the accompanying map will show how complete COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 247 is the system of public works in New York, constructed with a view of commanding the trade of the interior of the country. As previously stated, a large portion of this trade naturally falls upon the great lakes, from the facilities they offer for reaching a market. The importance of this great water-line is still farther increased from the fact that most of the leading works of the West, designed to be routes of commerce, rely on it as a base. ‘The commercial or business outlet for the laltes, as well as of the works connected with them, has been the Erie canal. That work comes in contact with the lakes at only two points, Buffalo and Oswego. The railroad, on the other hand, by the greater facility of its construction, opens as many outlets from the lakes to tide-water as there are harbors upon the former accessible to its commercial marine. New York is now profiting to the utmost by her advantages in reference to western trade. Nearly every good harbor, as well on Lake Erie as on Ontario, either is or soon will be connected with tide- water by railroads, actually constructed or in progress. Already such connexions are formed with the harbors of Cape Vincent, Sackett’s Harbor, and Lewiston, on Lake Ontario; and roads are in progress from Great and Little Sodus bays and Charlotte, with similar objects. On Lake Erie, roads already extend from Tonawanda, Black Rock, Buffalo, Dunkirk, and Erie, Pennsylvania, to tide-water; so that in- stead of only two outlets for the trade of the West, at Buffalo and Os- wego, there are to be at least six times that number in New York alone. The facilities given to the commerce of the country by all these lines must prove not only of utility to this commerce, but to the trade and prosperity of the State and city of New York. The additional avenues to market, already opened and in progress, will, by a healthy competition, reduce the cost of transportation to the lowest possible point, and stimulate the movement of property and merchandise to an extraordinary degree. While every region of the United States is making extraordinary exertions to turn to themselves the interior trade of the country, New York is preparing for the most formidable compe- tition with her rivals, and makes the most of the means within her reach to maintain her present pre-eminence. RAILROADS OF NEW ENGLAND. State of Massachusetts——Population in 1830, 610,408; in 1840, 737,- 699; in 1850, 994,514. Area in square miles, 7,800; inhabitants to square mile, 127.49. State of Vermont.—Population in 1830, 280,652; in 1840, 291,948; in 1850, 314,120. Area in square miles, 10,212 ; inhabitants to square mile, 30.76. State of New Hampshire—Population in 1830, 269,328; in 1840, 284,574; in 1850, 317,976. Area in square miles, 9,280; inhabitants to square mile, 34.26. 248 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The Massachusetts System. Under this head will be embraced a notice of the railroads of the States of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont, as the lines of these States constitute one general system, and have been constructed by means furnished chiefly by the city of Boston. __ Western railroad.—No sooner had the people of this country become acquainted with the part that railroads are capable of performing in commercial affairs, than the city of Boston conceived the bold idea of securing to itself the trade of the interior, from which it had previously been cut off by the impossibility of opening any suitable communica- tion by water. It was this idea that gave birth to the Western railroad project, the most important which has yet been consummated in New England, and one of the most so in the United States. This work has probably exerted a wider influence, as the best illustration of what railroads accomplish for the advancement and welfare of a people, than any similar work in the country. From the largeness of the enterprise, the early period of our railroad history in which it was undertaken. and the difficulties in the way of its construction, it is properly referred to as a fitting monument of the sagacity, skill, and perseverance of the merchants of Boston. ‘The compietion of this road may be considered as establishing the railroad interest of this country upon a firm basis. It showed what could be accomplished, and the influence such works were calculated to exert upon the course of trade, and in promoting the prosperity of all classes. It imparted a new impulse to the internal- improvement feeling of the country, under which our railroad enter- prises have moved forward, with increasing strength and vigor, to the present time. The Western railroad, when its objects, direction, and the obstacles in the way of its construction are considered, is certainly a remarkable work. Through it the city of Boston proposed to draw to herself the trade and produce of the West, from the very harbor of New York, (for the Albany basin can only be regarded as a portion of her harbor 5) and to open in the same direction an outlet for the product of her man- ufactures, and of her foreign commerce. It is well known that these efforts have been so far successful as to secure to Boston a large amount of western trade, which otherwise would have gone to New York, and to render the Western road her channel of communication between the former city and the West. It was only when menaced by this work, that New York successfully resumed the construction of the Erie railroad; and it is not too much to say, that but for the former, the Erie road would probably have been abandoned, even after the expenditure of many millions of dollars, and the Hudson River railroad project remained untouched up to the present time. The Western railroad, though constructed at immense cost, has proved to be one of the most productive works in the United States, paying an annual dividend of eight per cent., besides accumulating a large sinking fund. It has been the chief instrument of the extraordi- nary progress of Massachusetts in population, wealth, and commercial greatness, from 1840 to 1850. It supplies the State with a large por- tion of many of the most important articles of food. It opened an out- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 249 let to the products of her manufacturing establishments and her foreign commerce, and stimulated every industrial pursuit to an extraordinary degree, and, from the results that have followed its opening, forced all our leading cities to the construction of similar works, with similar objects. Railroads from Boston to Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence.-—The Western railroad, though accomplishing greater results, and exerting a wider influence upon the varied interests of the State, than either were or could, with reason, have been anticipated, secured to the city of Boston only a small portion of the western produce reaching Albany. As the canal, which has been the avenue for this produce, is in opera- tion only during the period of navigation on the Hudson river, it is found that this produce can be forwarded to New York by water much cheaper than to Boston by railroad. Cost of transportation always de- termines the route. At the dullest season of the year for freights, flour is often sent from Albany to Liverpool at a cost not exceeding twenty- five cents per barrel, which is only equal to the lowest rate charged from Albany to Boston. The Western railroad, therefore, though a convenient channel through which the people of Boston and of Massa- chusetts draw their domestic supplies of food, is found unable to com- pete with the Hudson river as a route for produce designed for exporta- twon to foreign countries or to the neighboring States. It failed to secure one of the leading objects of its construction. Its fault, however, was not so much ascribed to the zdea upon which the road was built, as to the route selected to accomplish its object. It was felt that a route farther removed from the influence of the New York system of public works must be selected, and this conviction led to the project of a direct line of railroad from Boston to the navigable waters of Lake On- tario, passing to the north of Lake Champlain. This line, freed from all immediate competition, and from the attractive influence of other great cities, would, it was believed, secure to Boston the proud pre- eminence of becoming the exporting port of western produce, and, as a necessary consequence, the emporium of the country. This great line has been completed; but it has too recently come into operation to predict, with any certainty, the result. From Boston to Lake Champlain it is composed of two parallel lines: one made up of the Boston and Lowell, Nashua and Lowell, Concord, Northern (New Hampshire,) and Vermont Central; the other of the Fitchburg, a part of the Vermont and Massachusetts, Cheshire, and Rutland roads. From Burlington, on Lake Champlain, these roads are carried forward upon a common trunk, composed of the Vermont and Canada, and Ogdensburg (northern New York) roads, to Ogdensburg, on the St. Lawrence, above the rapids in that river, thus forming an uninter- rupted line from the navigable waters of the great basin to the city of Boston. The lower portions of these lines in Massachusetts and New Hamp- shire were, in the outset, constructed chiefly with local objects in view. It was not until the State of Vermont was reached, that more compre- hensive shemes began to give direction and character to the railroad enterprises in that quarter. The Vermont Central, the Rutland, and the Ogdensburg roads were commenced nearly simultaneously. The 250 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON leading object in their construction was that to which we have already adverted. Only with such objects to be realized in the future, and not during the progress of the works, could they have been accom- plished. Men were called upon to make—and they contributed under a conviction that they were making—great present sacrifices for a fu- ture and prospective good. The constancy with which these works have been sustained and carried forward under circumstances the most discouraging, and under an unexampled pressure in the money market, refiects high credit upon the people of Boston, by whom the money for them has been chiefly furnished, and is the best possible evidence of the value of the prize sought to be gained. By means of the line above described, a railroad connexion is opened with Montreal, through which that city now receives a large amount of her foreign imports, both from the United States and Great Britain. This trade has already far exceeded expectation; and as the city of Boston is a convenient winter port for Montreal, the latter will, un- doubtedly, continue to receive a large amount of her winter supplies of merchandise through the former, giving rise to a large and profitable traffic, both to the railroads connecting the two, and to the cities them- selves, and tending to strengthen the position of each, as far as its hold upon the trade of the country is concerned. Should the line of railroad connecting Ogdensburg and Boston prove unable to compete successfully with the New York works, in the car- riage of western produce, so far as the export trade is concerned, it will, undoubtedly, supply the demand for domestic consumption, and in this way not only secure a profitable traffic, but prove of great utility to the manufacturing and commercial districts of New England. For the articles of flour, corn, and cured provisions, the New England States depend principally upon the West. To supply these articles in a cheap, expeditious, and convenient manner, the above line is well adapted. It not only traverses many of the most important points of consumption, but connects with other roads penetrating every important portion of New England. Were those: immediately interested in the above roads to derive no other advantage than that of receiving their supplies of western pro- ducts, and forwarding over them in return those of their own factories, they would be fully compensated for all their outlay. The unexampled progress of New England in population and wealth, in spite of all her disadvantages of soil and climate, proves, most conclusively, the wis- dom and foresight of her people in constructing their numerous lines of railroad, which ally them to the more fertile and productive portions of the country. The distance from Boston to Ogdensburg is about four hundred and twenty-five miles. The rates charged for the transportation of a barrel of flour between the two have ranged from sixty to seventy-five cents per barrel, which is less than the cost on the Erie canal for the same article from Buffalo to Albany, (a distance of three hundred and sixty- three miles,) for many years after its opening. Upon a considerable portion of the above line the grades are somewhat unfavorable, but not more so than upon other lines of road that aspire to a large through- traffic. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 251 Table showing the cost of the various lines of public improvements constructed for the purpose of securing to Boston the trade of the basin of the St. Law- rence and the West. Western railroad, including Albany and West Stockbridge. $9,953,758 Peeromrona bowel Yer bey Moe Mee eS 1,945,646 Vereet amen Nacht i DR ae Os 2S Be 651,214 Geneord. fo be ch GAh) SAMI DEO neem EE INAS py oye 1,485,000 eee ee, Oy SOT UO SeOe SE Ok Be 2,768,000 irate erie es WATTS U RY Ses Oe Sr ee 8,200,000 eee | er Eh AE OE eee es See ae 3,612,486 Werront and” Massachusetts: 202. [2 ep eee ee ce 3,450,004 eee, LS Oe a EO og 2277113043 ipeerchr ess SO ried (TO is i) ON ke Bh eke Gade 4,500,000 Vemmon ana Canadas oe Bot. PED eg PEELE! 1,500,000 ee aor or Northern 9e 2, Le ee ee 5,200,000 46,543,951 Althcugh only a portion of the Vermont and Massachusetts road is used in the above line, the total cost of the road is included, as it is proposed to make this road a part of a new line to the West, to be effected by tunnelling the Hoosac mountains. In addition to the roads aiming at Lake Champlain, there are two important lines, the Connecticut and Passumpsic, aud the Boston, Concord, and Montreal roads—the former in Vermont, and the latter in New Hampshire—having a general northerly direction, which are de- signed to be ultimately extended to Montreal. The former has reached St. Johnsbury, a distance of two hundred and thirty-eight miles from Boston, and three hundred and thirty-two from New York—a higher point than any yet attained by any New England road, with the exception of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence and the Vermont and Canada roads. The latter is nearly completed to Wells river, where it will form a junction with the Connecticut and Passumpsic road. The former will undoubtedly be soon extended about thirty miles farther north, to Island Point, which is the point of junction of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence and Atlantic railroads, through which it will have a railroad connexion both with Montreal and Que- bec. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal railroad is now being ex- tended to Littleton, a distance of twenty miles farther north, and will undoubtedly be continued up the valley of the Connecticut, for the purpose of forming a junction with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence road near Lancaster. The Boston and Worcester road, next to the Western, is the most im- portant project in the State. With the former, it makes a part of the through line to Albany, previously noticed. It is the only channel of com- munication between the city of Boston and the central portions of the State, and commands a large local revenue in addition to its through- itrafhe. It is one of the most expensive, and at the same time one of the most profitable works of the kind in the country. The Boston and Lowell, the Fitchburg, and the Lowell and Nashua 252 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON roads, have already been briefly noticed in describing the great lines of which they severally form the trunks. All these possess a very large and lucrative Jocal business, independent of what they derive from in- tersecting roads. ‘They deservedly rank among the leading roads of the State, and the former was a pioneer work of the kind in this country. Of the roads radiating from Boston in a southerly direction, the lead- ing line is the Boston and Providence, which derives especial import- ance from connecting the two largest cities in New England. It also forms a part of one of the most popular routes to New York, and holds a conspicuous position from the necessarily intimate relation it bears to one of the great routes of commerce and travel. The next most im- portant road in the southern part of Massachusetts is the Fall River road, which connects Boston with Fall River, a large manufacturing town, and constitutes a portion of another through-route to New York. The other roads in this portion of Massachusetts, though of consider- able local consequence, do not, for the want of connecting lines, pos- sess any considerable interest for the public. Railroads from Boston eastward.—Two important works, the Boston and Maine and Eastern roads, connect Boston with the State of Maine, traversing the northeastern portion of Massachusetts and the southeast- ern portion of New Hampshire. They form a junction soon after enter- ing Maine, and are carried forward by the Portland, Saco, and Ports- mouth railroad to Portland. The two former run through an almost continued succession of large manufacturing towns, which afford a very lucrative traffic to both lines. These roads are daily becoming more important from the rapid extension of railroads in Maine, and the prob- able construction of the European and North American railroad, con- necting the Maine system of roads with St. John and Halifax, im the lower British provinces, which is destined to become a great route of travel between the Old World and the New. The above-named lines have already a very large through as well as local traffic, and occupy a conspicuous position as a part of our great coast-line of railroads. There are several lines of road traversing the State of Massachusetts from north to south, of much consequence as through routes ; among which may be named the Connecticut River line, and that made up of the Worcester and Nashua and the Norwich and Worcester and Prowdence and Worcester roads. 'These lines traverse districts filled with an ac- tive manufacturing population, for which they open a direct railway communication with New York, the great depot both of the foreign and domestic trade of the United States. The western portion of the State is also traversed from north to south by a line composed of the Housatonic and a branch of the Western road, extending to the town of North Adams. There are, too, in addi- tion to these, numerous local works in the State, which do not call for particular notice. In the State of New Hampshire there is but one work having for its object the concentration within itself of the trade of the State—the Portsmouth and Concord railroad. The principal motive in the con- struction of this road was to open a communication with the trade of the interior, and prevent its being drawn off to Boston on the one hand, and Portland on the other. This work secures to the city of Ports- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 253 mouth all the advantages of a connexion with the line already described, by which the city of Boston proposes to draw to herself the trade of the West, and will undoubtedly contribute much to sustain the trade and commercial importance of the former. The line of road traversing the Connecticut valley is briefly de- scribed under the ‘“ Railroads of Connecticut,” and those traversing the western part of Vermont are embraced in the notice of the New York system. : ‘ CONNECTICUT AND RHODE ISLAND. Connecticut.—Population in 1830, 299,675 ; in 1840,309,978 ; in 1850, 370,791. Arear in square miles, 4,674; inhabitants to square mile, 79.33. Rhode Island.—Population in 1830, 97,199; in 1840, 108,830 ; in 1850, 147,545. Area in square miles, 1,306; inhabitants to square male; 12.97. The railroads of Connecticut and Rhode Island, though numerous, and some of them important, derive their chief consequence from the relations they sustain to the works of other States, in connexion with which they constitute parts of several main routes of travel. The most prominent of these is the great line connecting Boston and New York. The portion of this line in Connecticut is made up of the New York and New Haven, and the New Haven, Hartford, and Spring- field roads. ‘These roads, in connexion with the Western and Boston and Worcester, constitute the great travelled land route connecting New England with New York, which justly ranks with the most important passenger roads in the United States, as it is one of the most profitable. The travel between New York and Boston has also given birth to other projects, claimed to be still better adapted for its accommoda- tion. ‘The most prominent of these is the Azr-Line road, designed to follow a nearly straight route between New Haven and Boston. Although this scheme has been long before the public, it has not been commenced, but there now appears to be a strong probability that it will be successfully undertaken. To open this route will only require the construction of that portion of it lying in Connecticut, as the Massa- chusetts link is already provided for by the Norfolk county road. Another road, constructed partly with a view to giving a new route between Boston and New York, is the New London and New Haven road, recently opened to the public. This road is to be extended east, both to Stonington and Norwich, to form a connexion at the former place with the Norwich and Worcester, and at the latter with the Stoning- ton, roads. By these connexions, two new routes would be formed be- tween Boston and New York, one of which would take the important city of Providence in its course. It is, therefore, probable that at no distant day there will be four independent land routes between New York and Boston, in addition to the three lines now in operation, partly by water and partly by railroad. 254 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON By far the greater part of the travel, and no inconsiderable portion of the trade, between Boston and New York, is carried over the routes last named, which are known as the Fall River, Stonington and Nor- wich and Worcester routes ; the first is composed of the Fall River road; the second of the Boston and Providence, and Stonington; and the third, of the Boston and Worcester, and Norwich and Worcester, and their corresponding lines of steamers. All these routes are justly cele- brated for the comfort and elegance of their accommodations ; the ease, safety, and dispatch with which their trips are performed; and are consequently the favorite routes of travelling by a large portion of the business and travelling public. The distance between Boston and New York, by these routes, is about 230 miles. The other leading lines in Connecticut are the Housatonic, extending from Bridgeport to the State of Massachusetts, and connecting with the roads in the western part of that State; the Naugatuck, extending from Stratford to Winsted, a distance of about 60 miles ; and the Canal railroad, extending from New Haven and following the route of the Old Farmington canal to the northern part of the State, whence it is to be carried forward to Northampton, in Massachusetts. An important line of road is also in progress from Providence, centrally through the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, to Fishkill, on the Hudson river, taking the city of Hartford in its route. This road is regarded with great favor by the cities of Hartford and Providence, as a means of connecting themselves with the Hudson, through which both draw a very large amount of some important articles of consumption, such as breadstuffs, lumber, coal, and the like. The railroads lying principally in Rhode Island are the Stonzngton, which has already been noticed, and which is chiefly important as a part of one of the leading routes between Boston and New York ; and the Providence and Worcester road. The latter is an important local work, traversing for almost its entire distance a constant succession of manufacturing villages. It is also an important through-road to the city of Providence, bringing her in connexion with the Western rail- road and the central portions of Massachusetts, and with New Hamp- shire and Vermont, by means of the railroads centering at Worcester. The Boston and Providence railroad, lying partly in Rhode Island, is already sufficiently described in the notice of the Massachusetts rail- roads. Another important line of railroads, not particularly noticed, which may be embraced in the description of the ‘railroads of Connecticut,” is the great line following the Connecticut valley. This line, though composed of several distinct works, is in all its characteristics a homo- geneous line. It traverses the most fertile, picturesque, and attractive portion of New England, and is important both from the large traffic and the pleasure-travel it commands. No line of equal extent in the United States presents superior attractions. It has already reached St. Johnsbury, Vermont, a distance of about 330 miles. from New York, and 254 from New Haven. Measures are now in progress to secure its extension about 380 miles farther north to Island Point, there to form a junction with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic railroad, in connexion with which a new, direct, and convenient route will be opened be- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 255 tween New York and the New England States, and the cities of Mon- treal and Quebec. MAINE. Population in 1830, 399,455; in 1840, 501,798; in 1850, 583,169. Area in square miles, 30,000; inhabitants to square mile, 19.44. With the exception of the States of Maine and Connecticut, the rail- road system of New England rests upon Boston as a common centre ; by the capital of which it has been mainly constructed. The roads of Maine belong to an independent system, toward which the city of Portland bears the same relation as does Boston to the works already described. The leading road in Maine forms a part of the lime connecting Mon- treal and Portland, made up of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence in the United States, and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic in Canada. This great work was first proposed to the people of Portland as a means of recovering the position they had lost from the overshadowing influence of their great rival, Boston, and of securing to themselves a portion of the trade of the West, which is now exerting such marked influence in the progress of all our great commercial towns. Portland possesses some advantages over any other city east of New York, in being nearer to Montreal, the emporium of the Canadas; and in possessing a much more favorable route for a railroad from the Atlantic coast to the St. Lawrence basin than any other, east of the Green Mountain range. The city of Montreal, being accessible from all the great lakes by the largest craft navigating these waters, is the convenient depot for the produce collected upon them. When once on ship-board, this produce may be taken to Montreal at slighily increased rates over those charged to Buffalo, Oswego, or Ogdensburg ; but the want of a winter outlet from Montreal to tide-water has se- riously retarded the growth and prosperity of that city, and prevented her from reaping all the advantages from her connexion, by her magnificent canals, with the trade of the West, which she would have secured by a convenient winter outlet. Formerly large amounts of western produce were usually collected there during the autumnal months, and warehoused till spring, and then shipped to England. Shipments by this route involved the necessity of holding produce received late in the season some four or five months. The inconve- niences and losses arising from these causes, aided by the repeal of the English corn laws, were among the prominent reasons which led to the commercial arrangements by which colonial produce and merchan- dise are allowed to pass, in bond, through the territories of the United States. This arrangement had a tendency to divert alarge trade from Montreal, and threatened the most disastrous consequences to its trade and prosperity. In view of this state of things, its citizens espoused and prosecuted the railroad to Portland with great energy and zeal. The whole work is far advanced toward completion on both sides of the line. The portion within the United States will be finished 256 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON during the present year, and the Canadian portion by the Ist of July, 1853. It occupies the shortest practicable route between the St. Law- rence river and the Atlantic coast. Its grades are favorable, nowhere exceeding fifty feet to the mile in the direction of the heavy traffic, or sixty feet on the opposite course. The gauge of the whole road is to be five and a half feet. As no transhipment will be necessary upon this road, and as its operations can be placed substantially under one management, it is believed that produce can be transported over it at much lower rates than the ordinary charges upon railroads. As before stated, the plan of a railroad from Portland to the St. Law- rence originated in the idea of the possibility of making that city the Atlantic terminus of a portion of the trade of the St. Lawrence and the great lakes. The city of New York had so long been in the exclusive possession of this trade, as to create the idea that she held it by a sort of natural and inalienable right. When the idea was proposed of turn- ing this trade through a new channel, and of bringing it to the Atlantic coast at a point some four hundred miles northward, the boldness of such a proposition was enough to stagger the credulity of every one who did not feel himself immediately interested in the result. As soon, however, as the prospect was fully unfolded to the people of Portland, its apparent practicability, and the advantages which it promised to secure, took complete possession of the public mind, and the city resolved, single-handed, to undertake the construction of a work running, for a considerable portion of its distance, through compara- tively unexplored forests; traversing for one hundred miles, at least, the most mountainous and apparently most difficult portion of the east- ern States for railroad enterprises; and involving a cost, for the Ameri- can portion alone, of over five millions of dollars. Repeated attempts had been made to construct a short road, for the accommodation of local traffic, upon the very route since selected tor the great line, but without success. ‘The inducements held out were not regarded suffi- cient to warrant the necessary outlay. It was only by assuming that the people of Portland held within their grasp the trade of one of the most important channels of commerce in the whole country, that they could be induced to make the efforts and sacrifices necessary to suc- cess. These efforts and sacrifices have been made. ‘The projectis on the eve of realization, and the wisdom in which the scheme was con- ceived, and the skill and ability displayed in its execution, give the most satisfactory assurance of complete success. The length of this line, the construction of which devolved upon the eople of Portland, is about one hundred and sixty miles, costing about $35,000 per mile, or an aggregate of nearly $6,000,000. .The first step in the process of construction was a stock subscription of over $1,000,000 by the citizens of Portland, aided by some small contribu- tions from towns on the route—for the project was regarded by all others as a mere chimera. ‘This was expended in construction, and was sufficient to open the first division, which, ranning through an ex- cellent country, at once entered into a lucrative trafic. The city of Portland then obtained, by two several acts of the legislature, permis- sion to pledge its credit to the road to the amount of $2,000,000. These sums, with some further additions to its stock, furnished a cash capital COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 257 ef over $3,000,000 to the work. The necessary balance has been raised upon stock subscriptions .by contractors and company bonds. In this manner has a city of 20,000 inhabitants secured the construction of a first-class railroad, connecting it with the St. Lawrence by the shortest route practicable for a railroad from any of our seaports. The amount actually paid in to the project. by the people of Portland will exceed $50 in cash to each imdividual, in addition to $100 to each, represented by the credits that have been extended. It is believed that no better monument exists in this country of the energy and enterprise of our people, and the successful co-operation of one community in the execution of a great enterprise by which all are, relatively speaking, to be equally benefitted. It is an example which cannot be studied and imitated without profit. ; | Prior to the construction of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroad, the only railroad of importance in the State was the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth read, which connected its commercial metropolis with the railroad system of Massachusetts. ‘This road was constructed by per- sons interested in the connecting lines, as a necessary extension of their own. When the city of Portland was reached, their objects were re- garded as secured. Any further extension of railroads in Maine was looked upon as of doubtful utility to the interests of the city of Boston, the great centre of the New England system. It was felt that the con- struction of railroads north and east from Portland, into the interior, might concentrate in that city the trade of the State, which had been almost exclusively enjoyed by the former. This trade was already secured and sufficiently accommedated, as far as Boston was con- cerned, by the extensive commercial marine of the two States; and the ‘construction of railroads, it was felt, might lessen instead of strengthen- img the grasp by which she held it. While every other portion of the country was embarking in railroads, the conviction grew up that Maine was not the proper theatre for such enterprises, or, if it were, the people felt their means unequal to their construction, and it was known that no foreign aid would be had. All such projects, ee ee came to be regarded with comparative indifference. In this condition of the public mind the Atlantic and St. Lawrence scheme was proposed, and with it a system of railroads independent of the rest of the New England States, which should concentrate within her own territory her capital and energies, and which should not.only place her in a commanding position in reference to the trade of the West, but, at the same time, place her en route of the great line of travel between the Old and New Worlds—a position combining all the advantages of the most favorable connexions with the domestic trade of the country and with foreign commerce and travel. These propositions constitute an era in the his- tory of the State. A new life was infused into the public mind, and objects of the highest value held out as the reward of new efforts. The effect upon the policy and public sentiment of the State has been. magical. ‘The whole people felt and saw that they have rights and interests to maintain and vindicate, and that Maine, instead of be ing a remote and isolated State, removed from participation in the pro- jects and schemes which are effecting changes so’ marvellous upon the tace of society, could be brought by her own efforts into the very focus 17 258 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON of the great modern movement. A new destiny was opened before her. To this call she has nobly responded, and the State is alive with projects that promise, in a few years, to secure to every portion of it all necessary railroad accommodations, with the results which always follow in their train. | | tase Next in importance to the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroad is the European and Norih American project, which is designed to become a part of the great route of travel between the Old World and the New. Under the above title is embraced the line extending from Bangor, Maine, to Halifax, Nova Scotia, taking St. John, New Brunswick, in its route. From Bangor west, the line is to be made up of the’ Penob- scot and Kennebec road, now in progress; the Androscoggin and Ken- nebec road, with a portion of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence, now in operation. When the whole line shall be completed, it is claimed that the transatlantic travel will pass over this road to and from Halifax, and that through Maine will be the great avenue of travel between Europe and America. Without expressing any opinion as to the sound- ness of such claims, their correctness is at present assumed, and is made the basis of action on the part of the people of the State, and, to a cer- tain extent, gives character and direction to their railroad enterprises. Of this great line, that portion extending from Portland to Water- ville, a distance of eighty-two miles, is already provided for by a por- tion of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence, and the Androscoggin and Ken- nebec railroads. The portion from Waterville to Bangor, something over fifty miles, is in progress. From Bangor to the boundary hne of New Brunswick, no definite plan has been agreed upon; although the subject is receiving the careful consideration of the parties having it in charge, and no doubt is expressed that such measures will be taken as~ shall secure complete and early success to the measure. The New Brunswick portion of it is already provided for by a contract with a company of eminent English contractors, who, it is believed, will also undertake the Npva Scotia division. Of the realization of this scheme at the earliest day there can be no doubt. The plan meets with as hearty approval in the provinces, and in Great Britain, as it does in Maine; and on both sides of the water are the results claimed fully conceded. Such being the fact, foreign capital will be certain to sup- ply, and is, indeed, now supplying, whatever may be lacking im this country. Another leading road in Maine is the Kennebec and Portland, ex- tending from Portland to Augusta, upon the Kennebec river, a dis- tance of over sixty miles. This road it is proposed to extend, to form a junction with the Penobscot and Kennebec, by which it will become a convenient link from Portland east in the great European and North American line already referred to. | An important line of road is also in progress, to extend from Portland to South Berwick, there to form a junction with the Boston and Maine road—thus forming two independent lines of railroad between Portland and Boston. A portion of this line is in operation, and the whole under contract, to be completed at an early day. A project of considerable importance is also at the present time engrossing the attention of the people of Bangor—that of a railroad COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 259 following the Penobscot river up to Lincoln, a distance of about fifty miles. As the route is remarkably favorable, and easily within the means of the city of Bangor, its speedy construction may be set down as certain. It is much needed to accommodate the important lumber- ing interest on that river. From Bangor to Oldtown—a distance of twelve miles—a railroad already exists, which will form a part of the above line. . | | The projects enumerated embrace a view of all the proposed works in Maine, of especial public interest. . NEW JERSEY. Population in 1830, 320,823; in 1840, 373,506; in 1850, 489,555. Area in square miles, 8,320; inhabitants to square mile, 58.84. The railroads of New Jersey, as do those of the State of Connecti- cut, derive their chief importance from their connexion with the routes of commerce and travel of other States. The most important roads in the State are those uniting New York and Philadelphia, the Camden and Amboy and the New Jersey railroads, in connexion with the Philadelphia and Trenton road, lying within the State of Pennsylvania. Upon these roads are thrown not only the travel between the two largest cities in the United States, but between the two great divisions of the country. As might be expected from such relations, they command an immense passenger traffic, and rank among our most successful and productive works of the kind. They are much more important as routes of travel than of commerce, as the Raritan canal, which has the same general direction and connexions, is a better medium for heavy transportation. Another important work is the New Jersey Central, which traverses the State from east to west. At Elizabethtown it connects with the New Jersey road, thus forming a direct railroad connexion between New York and Easton, on the Delaware river. This road, though locally important, is still more so from its prospective connexions with other great lines of road, either in progress or in operation. It is proposed to extend it up the valley of the Lehigh, and through the mountain range lying between the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, to Catawissa, on the latter, from which it will be carried to Williamsport, to form a connexion with the Sunbury and Erie road, which is about to be com- menced. Upon the completion of these, the Central would not only form a very important avenue between the city of New York and the coal-fields of Pennsylvania, from which that city draws its supplies of fuel, but would unite the city with Lake Erie, opening a new and di- rect line for the trade of the West, and placing New York in very favor- able relations to the proposed Sunbury and Erie line. From Easton to Sunbury a large amount has already been expended for the purpose of opening the above communication, and no doubt is expressed that this project will be speedily realized. A road is also in progress from Trenton, designed to follow the Del- aware up to the Water Gap, for the purposé of connecting with the 260 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON _ proposed road from the Lackawanna valley to that place, and of open- ing an outlet for the latter in the direction of Philadelphia. . This road has already been completed to Lambertville, and is in progress beyond that point. 3 a Another important road in this State, possessing similar characteris- tics with the Central, is the Morris and Essex. This road is now in operation to Dover, a distance of about forty miles from New York, and is in progress to a point on the Delaware river, opposite the Water Gap. From the Water Gap a road is proposed extending to the Lacka- wanna valley, at Scranton, the centre of very extensive deposites of iron and coal. ‘The importance of a continuous line of railroad from the coal-fields of Pennsylvania to New York has already been adverted to. ‘The extension of the Morris and Essex line into the Lackawanna valley is of the first consequence, from the connexion it would there form. This valley is already connected with western New York and the great lakes, and will be the focal point of a large number of roads, constructed for the purpose of becoming outlets for its coal in a north- erly direction. By the opening of a railroad from this valley to New York, a new and important route would be formed between that city and the lakes, which could not fail to become a valuable one, both for ‘commerce and travel. | : Through the northern part of the State, the Ene railroad is now brought io Jersey City by means of what is now called the Union rail- road, composed of two short roads, previously known as the Paterson and the Paterson and Ramapo ; the track of this will be relaid, so as to correspond to the Erie gauge. Through this road the Erie is brought directly to the Hudson, opposite New York—a matter of great import- ance so far as its passenger traffic is concerned. - The former is leased to, and is run as a part of, the Erie road. A railroad is also in progress from Camden, opposite Philadetphia, to Absecum Beach, on the Atlantic coast. This road will traverse the State centrally, from northwest to southeast, and will prove a great benefit to the country traversed. Canals of New. Jersey. There are two canals of considerable importance in the State—the Delaware and Raritan, and the Morris and Essex. The Delaware and Raritan canal, the most considerable work of the two, commences at New Brunswick and extends. to Bordentown, a dis- tance of 43 miles. It is 75 feet wide at the surface, and 47 at the bottom, and 7 feet deep. ‘There are seven locks at each end, 110 feet long, and 24 feet wide, having eight feet lift each. ‘These locks pass boats of 228 tons burden. The canal is supplied from the Delaware river, by a feeder taken out 22 miles above Trenton. This canal con- nects with the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canals, and is the principal channel through which New York is supplied with coal. It also commands a large amount of freight between New York and Philadelphia, and is navigated by regular lines of propellers, running between the two cities. ‘This work is of very. great importance to the city of New York, as a means of supplying that city with coal, and COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 261 a8 affording a convenient channel of communication with Philadelphia. It is also an important work in a national point of view; as, in con- nexion with the Chesapeake and Delaware and the Dismal Swamp canals, it forms an internal navigable water-line, commencing with Long Island sound, and extending south, and by way of the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Norfolk, to the south part of North Carolina. This fact was regarded of great consequence to the commerce of the country, prior to the construction of railroads, as it would have enabled our people to maintain an uninterrupted commu- nication between the different portions of the country in the event of a war with a foreign power. Morris amd Essex canal—This work extends by a circuitous route from Jersey City to the Delaware river, at Easton. Its length is about one hundred miles. Its revenues are principally derived from the local traffic of the country traversed, and the transportation of coal, which is brought to Kaston by the Lehigh canal. Its relations to the com- merce of the country are not such as to call for particular notice. PENNSYLVANIA. Population in 1836, 1,348,233; in 1840, 1,724,033 ; in 1850, 2,311,- 786. Area in square miles, 46,000 ; inhabitants to square mile, 50.20. The attention of the people of Pennsylvania was, at an early period in our history, turned to the subject of internal improvements, with a view to the local wants of the State, and fer the purpose of opening a water communication between the Delaware river and the navigable waters of the Ghio. It was not. however, till stimulated by the exam- ple of New York, and the results which her great work, the Erie canal, was achieving in developing and securing to the former the trade of the West, that the State of Pennsylvania commenced the construction of - various works which make up the elaborate system of that State. The great Pennsylvania line of improvement, extending from Philadel- phia to Pittsburg, was commenced on the 4th of July, 1826, and was finally completed in March, 1834. It is made up partly of railroad and partly of canal, the works that compose it being the Columbia railroad, extending from Philadelphia to Columbia, a distance of 82 miles; the eastern and Juniata divisions of the Pennsylvania canal, extending from Columbia, on the Susquehanna river, to Hollidaysburg, at the base of the Alleghany mountains, a distance of 172 miles ; the Portage railroad, extending from Hollidaysburg to Johnston, a distance of 36 miles, and by which the mountains are surmounted; and the western division of the Pennsylvania canal, extending from Johnston to Pittsburg, a dis- tance of 104 miles; making the entire distance from Philadelphia to Pittsburg by this line 394 miles. The canals are 4 feet deep, 28 feet wide at the bottom, and 40 atthe water-line. Its locks are 90 feet long, and from 15 to 17 feet wide. The Alleghany mountains are passed by a summit of 2,491 feet, and the eastern division of the canal attains a height of 1,092 feet above tide-water. The Portage road consists of a series of inclined planes, which are worked by stationary engines. 262 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The cost of this great line up to the present time has been about $15,000,000. | ‘ The eastern division of the canal has an additional outlet, by means of the Tide-water canal, (a private enterprise,) which extends from Columbia to Havre de Grace, on the Chesapeake bay, in Maryland. It forms an important avenue between both Philadelphia and Balti- more and the interior of the State, as the boats that navigate it are, after reaching tide-water, conveniently taken to either city, as the case may require. 2 The line of improvement we have described was constructed with similar objects, and bears the same relation to the city of Philadelphia as does the Erie canal to the city of New York. It has not, however, achieved equal results, partly from the want of convenient western connexions, from the unfavorable character of the route, and partly from the fact that the line is made up of railroad and canal, mvolving ereater cost of transportation than upon the New York work. It has, however, proved of vast utility to the city of Philadelphia and to the State, and has enabled the former to maintain a very large trade which she would have lost but for the above line. The comparatively heavy ~ cost of transportation over this route has not enabled it to compete with the New York improvements, as an outlet for the cheap and bulky products of the West; but so far as the return movement is concerned, it enjoys some advantages over the former, the most important of which is the longer period during which it isin operation. At the commence- ment of the season it opens for business about a month earlier than the Erie canal—a fact which secures to it and to the city of Philadelphia a very large trade long before its rival comes into operation; so that, although it may not have realized the expectations formed from it as an outlet for western trade, it has been the great support of Philadel- phia, without which her trade must have succumbed to the superior advantages of New York. It would be a matter of much interest could the movement of pro- perty, upon the two lines of improvement from tide-water to the navi- gable waters of the West, be compared, both in tonnage and value. The returns of the Pennsylvania works, however, do not furnish the necessary data for such a comparison. There are no methods of dis- tinguishing accurately the local from the through-tonnage, nor the quantity or value of property received from other States, as is shown upon the New York works. The returns of the business on the former, however, show only a small movement east over the Portage road, which must indicate pretty correctly the through movement. In the opposite direction the amount, both in value and tonnage, is much larger. A better idea, probably, can be formed of the value and— amount of this traffic from the extent of the jobbing trade of Philadel- phia, a very considerable portion of which must pass over the above route. Philadelphia, though it does not possess a large foreign com- merce, is one of the great distributing points of merchandise m the Union; and the large population and the very rapid growth of that city, in the absence of the forcign trade enjoyed by New York, proves conclusively the immense domestic commerce of the former. Another great line of improvement undertaken by the State 1s com- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 263. posed of the Susquehanna division of the Pennsylvania canal, extending from the mouth of the Juniata to Northumberland, a distance of 39 miles, and the North Branch canal, extending from Northumberland - to the State line of New York, a distance of 162 miles, where it will connect with the New York State works and the numerous proposed lines of railroad centring at Elmira. Of this last-named canal, 112 miles, extending from the mouth of the Juniata to Lackawannock, have been completed, at a cost of nearly $3,000,000, and the remain- der-of the lime is in rapid progress. As the lower part of this canal » will connect with the Pennsylvania, and: through this with the Tide- water canal, a great navigable water-line will be constructed, extend- ing through the central portions of the State from north to south. This line will, for a considerable portion of its distance, traverse the anthra- cite coal-fields of the State, from which a large traffic is anticipated. A large trade is also expected from the New York works in such articles as Philadelphia and Baltimore are better adapted to supply than: New York. Another important work, so far as the coal trade of the country is concerned, is the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania cunal, extending’. from Bristol to, Easton, a distance of sixty miles. This work forms the outlet to the great Lehigh coal-fields. Its cost has been about $1,500,000. 7 : ; In the western portion of the State several important works were projected, as a part of the great system originally proposed, although only an inconsiderable portion of them has been completed by ihe State. Of these are, first, the Beaver division of the Pennsylvania canal, com- mencing at Beaver, on the Ohio, at the mouth of Beaver river, and extending to Newcastle, about twenty-five miles. This canal forms the trunk of the Mahoning canal, extending from the State line of Pennsylvania to the Ohio canal, at Akron, a distance of about seventy- six miles; and also of the Erie extension of the Pennsylvania canal, commencing near Newcastle and extending to Erie, a distance of about one hundred and six miles. This last-described work has passed into private hands.’ It is at the present time chiefly employed in the transportation of coal, and is the principal avenue for the supply of this article to Lake Erie. Connected with the Erie extension is a State work called the French creek feeder and Franklin branch, extending from Franklin, on the Alleghany river, to Conneaut lake, by way of Meadville, a distance of about fifty miles. These improvements in the western part of the State are chiefly im- portant as local works; they have not proved productive as invest- ments, though highly beneficial to the country traversed. The West Branch canal, extending from Northumberland to Lock- haven, a distance of seventy-two miles, is a work of much local im- portance, as it traverses a region very rich both in soil and minerals. The above constitute the leading works which belong to the State system, as it maybe termed. There are a few other works of minor importance, which do not call for particular notice. So far as their income is concerned, the various works undertaken and executed by the State have not proved productive, though they have been of vast utility, and have exerted a great influence in devel- * 264 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON oping the resources of the State. The usefulness of. the great Central line has been seriously impaired by the compound and inconvenient character of the work, made up partly of railroad and partly of canal. The mountains are overcome by inclined planes, which are now re- garded as incompatible with the profitable operation of a railroad, and which are to be avoided on the route by works now in progress. The other works described, not having been carried owt according te the original plan, have failed to make the connexions contemplated, and consequently have not realized the results predicted. The State of Pennsylvania, however, possesses within herself elements which, pro- « perly developed, are fitted to render her, probably, the first State m the Union in population and wealth. This has, to a great extent, been already effected by the works described, which have in this way added: to the various interests of the State a value tenfold greater tham the cost; and her people can much better afford to pay the namense sums. which these works have cost, than remain wnprovided with such im- provements, even with entire freedom trom debt. Annexed is a tabular statement, showing the length and cost of the «various State works above deseribed. Tabular Statement showing the length, cost, total revenue, and expenditures of the public works of Pennsylvania up to Junuary 3, 1852. Lines. Length. Cost. Revenue. Expenditures. Miles. “ . Columbia and Philadelphia railway. 82 184,791,548 91 187,483,395 53 | $5,105,058 3% Eastern division of canal........-| © 43 | 1,737,236 97 | 2,661,008 05 762,981 30 Juniata division of canal......... 130 | 3,570,016 29 | 1,371,948 59 | 1,760,583 19 Alleghany Portage railway......- | 36 | 1,860,752 76 | 2,985,769 10 | 3,161,327 26 Western division of canal........ 105 | 3,096,522 30 | 2,523,979 59 1,197,182 83 Total main Hime..........- 396 |15, 056,077 93 17,026,100. 86 | 11,987,132 9% Delaware division of canal....... 60 | 1,384,606 96 | 2,238,694 75 | 1,117,716 70 Susquehanna division of canal.... 39 897,160 52 402,779 15 554,835 2% North Branch division of canal... 73 | 1,598,379 35 | 1,003,047 58 753,662 17 West Branch. division of canal.... 72 | ¥,832,083 28 449,058 19 738,470 5& 640 20,768,307 34 |21,219,690 53 | 15,151,817 64 French Creek division of canal... 45 817,779 74 5,819 67 143,914 94 Beaver division of canal.....2.... 25 512,360 05 38,312 29 210,360 00 Finished lines......2...- ee 740 |22,098,447 13 |21,163,812 49 | 15,506,089 58 Unfinished improvements......... 314.) -%; G12, 538. 69 he see emp cane aes Aes Board of Canal Commissioners....|.....+¢+ WO, 182 GT | .cwienctemeeieenan 70,782 66 Beara.eb Appraisers! i: set. 6 cao a tems ¥7, 584 G3 |... ccc we ewer wc clenccsaciccens oe Collectors, weighmasters, and lock- ; IE Sa din alpina ginin. esis & wieisieays tn si eeak baal PISS Bs Os = Shei als io\e families 1,348,384 14 ParplataeGry SULVEYS see's s ccs soe clacton enter E57, 731 14 joc eee cece cn alec ccc on ee eeees Total... of RR aS: 1,024 |30,057,077 56 21,163,812 49 | 16,925,256 38 Private Works. Pennsylvania railroad.—The object of the Pennsylvania railroad is to provide a better avenue for the trade between Philadelphia and the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 265 interior—one more in harmony with the works in progress and opera- tion in other States than the great line already described. The latter is not only poorly adapted to its objects, but is closed a considerable portion of the year by frost. The mercantile classes of Philadelphia have long felt the necessity of a work better adapted to their wants, and fitted to become a great route of travel as well as commerce, from the intimate relation that the one bears to the other. It is by this in- terest that the above work was proposed, and by which the means have been furnished for its construction. The conviction of which we have spoken has been instrumental in ‘procuring the money for this project as fast as it could be economically expended. ‘The work has been pushed forward with extraordinary energy from its commence- ment. Already a great portion of the line has been brought into operation, and the whole will soon be completed. The Pennsylvania railroad commences at Harrisburg and extends to Pittsburg, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles. The general route of the road is favorable, with the exception of the mountain di- vision. The summit is crossed at about 2,200 feet above tide-water, involving gradients of ninety-five. feet to the mile, which are less than those resorted to on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and not much exceeding those profitably worked on the Western railroad of Massa- chusetts. The route is graded, and the structures are prepared for a double track, which will be laid as soon as possible after the first shall be opened. The cost of the road, for a single track, is estimated at $12,500,000, of which $9,750,000 have been already provided by stock subscriptions. The balance is to be raised by an issue of bonds. The road is to be a first-class work in every respect, and is constructed in a manner fitting the great avenue between Philadelphia and the western States. As a through route, both for trade and travel, there is hardly a work of the kind in the United States possessing greater advantages or a stronger position. Its western terminus (Pittsburg) is already a city of nearly 100,000 inhabitants, and is rapidly increasing. That city is the seat of a large manufacturing interest, and the centre of a con- siderable trade; and a road connecting it with the commercial me- tropolis of the State cannot fail'to command an immense and lucrative traffic. 3 * 3 The western connexions which this road will make at Pittsburg are of the most favorable character. It already has an outlet to Lake Erie through the Ohio and Pennsylvania and the Cleveland and Wellsville roads. ‘The former of these is regarded as the appropriate extension of the Pennsylvania line to the central and western portions of Ohio. Through the Pittsburg and Steubenville road (a work now in progress) a connexion will be opened with the Steubenville and Indiana railroad, which is in progress from Steubenville to Columbus. These lines, in connexion with the Pennsylvania road, will constitute one of the short- est practicable routes between Philadelphia and central Ohio. At Greenburg, 25 miles east of Pittsburg, the Hempfield railroad will form a direct and convenient connexion with Wheeling, which has already become an important point in the railroad system of the coun- try. At that city, by means of the Hempfield line, the Pennsylvania 266 _ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON road will be connected with the central Ohio and with the northern extension of the Cincinnati and Marietta roads; and through all the above-named lines the former will be brought into intimate and conve- nient relations with every portion of the western States. The Pennsylvania road must also become a route for a considerable. portion of the travel between the western States and the more northern Atlantic cities. From New York it will constitute a shorter line to central Ohio than any offered by her own works. It will, for such travel, take Philadelphia in its course—a matter of much importance to the business community. The route occupied by the road is one of the best in the country for local traffic, possessing a fertile soil and vast mineral wealth in, its coal and iron deposites. From each of these sources a large business may be anticipated. The whole road cannot fail, in time, to become the seat of a great manufacturing interest, for which the coal and iron upon the route will furnish abundant materials. ; The Pennsylvania road, though only partially opened for business, has demonstrated its immense importance to the trade of Philadelphia. it was the means of securing to that city during the present year a very large spring trade, which otherwise would have gone to New York. The advantages already secured-are but an earnest, it is claimed, of what the above work will achieve when fully completed. It is confi- dently expected by its projectors that the work will be followed by the same results in Philadelphia that the Erie canal secured to the city of New York. However this may be, there can be no doubt of its be- coming the channel of an extensive commerce, and one calculated to promote, in an eminent degree, the prosperity of the city of Philadel- phia, as well as that of the whole State. The next most important work in the State, and one of greater local importance, is the Philadelphia and Reading railroad. This work is the great outlet of the Schuylkill coal-fields to tide-water. On this ac- count it bears a most intimate relation to most of the great interests of the country. Its length is about ninety miles, and its total cost about $17,000,000. It is one of the most expensive and best-built roads in the United States. All its grades are in favor of the heavy traffic. Nearly 2,000,000 tons of coal have been transported over this road the past year. There can be no doubt that the enormous coal traffic which this road secures to Philadelphia is one of the causes of the ex- traordinary increase of that city from 1840 to 1850. This work has not, till a comparatively recent period, proved a profitable one to the stockholders ; but it is confidently expected that for the future it will yield a lucrative income. Shy Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore ratlroad—This work lies partly in the three States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, but may be appropriately described with the Pennsylvania roads. Its income is chiefly derived from its passenger traffic. It is one of the most important trunks in the great coast-line of railroads between the North and the South, and would be supposed to be one of the best routes in the country for a lucrative traffic. Its length is nimety-eight miles, and it has cost something over $6,000,000. It has been an expensive work to construct and maintain, and has not, consequently, proved very COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 267 profitable to stockholders, though its value in this respect is rapidly in- creasing. Its position is such as to monopolize the travel between its termini and between the northern and southern States. Among the other railroads in operation in the State may be named, Ist, the Philadelphia and Trenton, one of the links of the principal line of road connecting Philadelphia with New York, and for this reason an important work. ‘This is one of the leading routes of travel in the country, and commands a very profitable traffic. 2d, the Harrisburg and Lancaster road, which forms a part of the great line through the State. 3d, the York and Cumberland road, which is to form a part of the line through central Pennsylvania, of which the Susquehanna road is to be an important link. 4th, the Cumberland Valley road, extending from Harrisburg to Chambersburg. 5th,. the Lackawanna and Western road, connecting the northern coal mines of Pennsylvania with the New York ‘improvements. 6th, the Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norris- town road, of which it is proposed to form the base of a line extending from Norristown to the Delaware river. 7th, the Franklin railroad, extending fromm Chambersburg to Hagerstown, Maryland. 8th, the Northeast. 9th, the Franklin Canal road, extending from Erie to the Ohio State line. ‘These two last form the only existing lnk between the railroads of the Mississippi valley and of the eastern States, and will, from their favorable relations, command an immense business. The Lackawanna and Western will soon become a part of another through route from western New York to the city. Already are roads either in progress or in operation from New York to the Water Gap. The completion of these will leave only about forty-five miles of new line, to open a new and shorter route from Great Bend, on the Erie road, to the city of New York than by that line. There are also in the eastern part of the State numerous coal roads, the most important of which is the Pennsylvania Coal Company’s road, extending from the Lackawanna valley, a distance of something over forty miles, to the Delaware and Hudson canal. With the above ex- ception, the coal roads are. short lines; as they are purely local works, a description of them is not appropriate to this report. There are several very important works, proposed and in progress, in the State. Those in the eastern part of it are: the road from Norris- town to the Delaware river, which is to be extended to the Water Gap, for the purpose of forming a connexion with the proposed road te the Lackawanna valley; the Catawssua, Williamsport, and Erie road, which is the virtual extension of the Reading road into the Susquehanna valley; and a road extending from Easton, following up the valley of the Lehigh, to a junction with the road last named. The first of these is in progress. .The Catawissa road was partially graded some years since, and efforts are now making to secure its completion. The road up the valley of the Lehigh is regarded as the virtual extension of the New Jersey Central road into the valley of the Susquehanna, where a connexion will be formed with the Sunbury and Erie road, thus open- ing a direct communication between the latter and New York, and placing that city in as favorable connexions with the proposed line to Lake Erie as Philadelphia. . An important line of road is soon to be commenced, extending from 268 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Harrisburg up the valley of the Susquehanna to Elmira, in the State of New York. ‘This work may be regarded as a Baltimore project, and is sufficiently described in connexion with the Baltimore and Susque- hanna railroad. ies In the western part of the State the leading work in progress is the Alleghany Valley road, extending from Pittsburg in a generally north- eastern direction to Olean, on the New York and Erie road, which is the probable terminus of the Genesee Valley and the Buffalo and Olean roads. The length of the Alleghany Valley road will be about one hundred and eighty miles. Its gauge will probably correspond to that of the New York and Erie road. In connexion with this, it will form avery direct and convenient route between the cities of New York and Pittsburg, and also between the latter and the cities of Albany and Boston, through the Albany and Susquehanna road. By the *above lines the Alleghany Valley road will connect Pittsburg with Lakes Erie and Ontario, and with the Hudson river. The road will traverse one of the best portions of Pennsylvania, possessing a fertile soil, and abounding in extensive deposites of coal and iron. The project has the warm support of Pittsburg, and when the inducements to its con- struction are considered, and the means that can be made applicable to this end, its early completion cannot be doubted. Another road in progress in western Pennsylvania is the Hempfield, extending from Greensburg, on the Pennsylvania road, to Wheeling, a distance of seventy-eight miles. One of the leading objects of this road is to connect the great Pennsylvania line with the roads centring at Wheeling. It derives its chief public consideration from this tact, although its line traverses an excellent section of country, which would yield a large local traffic. This project is regarded with much favor by the people of Philadelphia, from the supposed favorable connexions it will make with the Ohio Central and the northern extension of the Cincinnati and Marietta roads. When completed, it will undoubtedly become an important avenue of trade and travel. The Pittsburg and Steubenville road resembles the Hempfield, both in its objects and its direction. It was proposed as a more direct route to central Ohio than that supplied by the Ohio and Pennsylvama rail- road. One of the leading motives for its construction was to counteract any influence that the Hempfield road might exert prejudical to the interests of Pittsburg, by placing that city on one of the shortest routes between the East and West. At Steubenville it will connect with the Steubenville and Indiana road, now in progress from that city to Colum- bus, the capital of Ohio. | The proposed Sunbury and Erie railroad ts intended to bear the same relation to Philadelphia, in reference to the trade of Lake Erie and the West, as does the Erie railroad to New York. Its length will be about two hundred and forty miles. Active measures are in progress to se~ cure the necessary means for this work, which promise to be success- ful. The whole distance by this route, from Philadelphia to Lake Erie, will be about four hundred and twenty miles, somewhat less than that from New York. There are a number of canals in the State owned by private com- panies, the most important of which are the Schuylkill and Lehigh ca- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 269 nals, which have been constructed for the purpose of affording outlets for the anthracite coal-fields of that State. They derive their chief consequence from their connexion with the coal trade, although they have a large traffic in addition. These works, though of great utility and importance, from the relations they sustain to the varied interests ‘of the country, in supplying them with fuel, are of a local character, and do not form portions of any extended routes of commerce. The Tide-water canal has been briefly alluded to in the notice of the “State works,” to which it supplies a communication with Chesapeake bay, and with the cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia, by a continu- ous water-lipe. It is a valuable improvement, and forms the outlet for a large and important section of the State, and for a portion of the com- merce passing over the State works. It is a work of large capacity, and is in possession of an extensive trade. It is also a channel through which a large quantity of coal is sent to market. DELAW ARE. Population in 1830, 76,748; in 1840, 78,085; in 1850, 91,532. Area in square miles, 2,120; inhabitants to square mile, 43.17. The only road lying entirely in this State is the Newcastle and French- town, connecting the Delaware with Chesapeake bay, by a line of 16 miles. ‘This road was once of considerable importance, as it formed a part of the route of travel between the East. and West, which has since been superseded by the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- more railroad. It may now be regarded only as a work of local con- sequence. Chesapeake and Delaware canal—The only improvement of any con- siderable importance in Delaware is the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, connecting the above-named bays. This work is 133 miles long, 66 feet wide, 10 feet deep, with two lift and two tide-locks. It cost nearly $3,000,000. A very considerable portion of its cost was fur- nished by the general government, in donations of land. This work bears a similar relation to the commerce of the country with the Rari- tan canal, and makes up a part of the same system of internal water | navigation. It is also the channel of a large trade between Chesa- peake bay and Philadelphia and New York. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore railroad les partly within the State ef Delaware, and has been sufficiently described un- der the head of ‘* Pennsylvania.” : MARYLAND. Population in 1830, 447,040; in 1840, 470,019; in 1850, 583,035. Area in square miles, 9,356; inhabitants to square mile, 62.31. Influenced by similar objects to those which actuated the people of Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and the eastern States, in: their immense 270 - ANDREWS’ REPORT ON | expenditures for works that facilitate transportation, the people of Mary- land, at an early period, commenced two very important works, the Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the Baltmore and Ohio railroad, for the purpose of attracting the trade of the interior, and of placing them- selves on the routes of commerce between the two grand divisions of the country. By the deep indentation made by the Chesapeake bay, the navigable tide-waters are brought into nearest proximity to the Mississippi Valley in the States of Maryland and Virginia. To this is to be ascribed the fact, that before the use of railroads, the principal routes of travel between the East and the West were from the waters of that bay to the Ohio river. The great National road, established and constructed by the general government, commenced at the Poto- mac river, in Maryland, and its direction was made to conform to the convenient route of travel at that time. | No sooner had experience demonstrated the superiority of rail- roads to ordinary roads, than the people of Baltimore assumed the adaptation of them to their routes of communication, and immediately commenced the construction of that great work, the Baltumore and Ohio railroad, which, after a struggle of twenty-five years, 1s now on the eve of completion. This road was commenced in 1828, and was one of the first roads brought into use in the United States. At the early period in which it was commenced, the difficulties in the way of construction were not appreciated. ‘These obstructions, now happily overcome, for a long time proved too formidable to be surmounted by the engineering skill and ability, the experience in railroad construction, and the limited amount of capital which then existed in the country. Though for a long time foiled, its friends were by no means disheartened, but rose with renewed vigor and resolution from every defeat, until the expe- rience of successive efforts pointed out the true pathway to success. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad extends from Baltimore to Wheel- ing, on the Ohio river, a distance of 379 miles. Its estimated cost is $17,895,166. It crosses the Alleghany mountains at an elevation of 2.620 feet above tide-water, and 2,028 feet above low water in the Ohio river, at Wheeling. In ascending the mountains from the east, grades of 116 feet to the mile are encountered on one plane, for about fifteen miles, and for about nine miles in an opposite direction. Grades of over 100 feet to the mile, for over ten miles, are met with on other portions of the line. These grades, which only a few years since were regarded as entirely beyond the ability of the locomotive engine to ascend, are now worked at nearly the ordinary speed of trains, and are found to offer, no serious obstacle to a profitable traffic. Occurring near to each other, they are arranged in the most convenient manner for their economical working, by assistant power. With the above exception, the grades on this road will not compare unfavorably with ‘those on similar works. The road is now open to a point about 300 miles from Baltimore, and will be completed on or before the first of January next. Whatever doubt may have existed among the engineering profes- sion, or the public, as to the ability of this road, with such physical difficulties in the way, to carry on a profitable traffic, they have been e COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 27 removed by its successful operation. That grades of 116 feet to the mile, for many miles, had to be resorted to, is full proof of the mag- nitude of the obstacles encountered. Its success in the face of all — these, of a faulty mode of construction in the outset, and of great finan- cial embarrassment, reflects the very highest credit upon the company, and upon the people of Baltimore. | As before stated, the first route of travel between the East and the West was between the waters of the Chesapeake and the Ohio. The opening of the Erie canal, and, subsequently, of the railroads between the Hudson river and Lake Erie, diverted this travel to this more north- ern and circpitous, but more convenient route. This diversion seriously affected the business of Baltimore, and materially lessened the revenues of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, since its opening to Cumberland. All this lost ground the people of Baltimore expect to regain; and with it, to draw themselves a large trade now accustomed to pass to the more northern cities. Assuming the cost of transportation on a railroad 1o be measured by lineal distance, Baltimore certainly occupies a very favorable position in reference to western trade. 'To Cincinnati, the great city of the West, and the commercial’ depot of southern @io, the shortest route from all the great northern cities ‘will probably be by way of Baltimore, and over the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. To strengthen her position still farther, the people of this city have already commenced the construction of the Northwestern railroad, extending from the southwestern angle of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad to Parkers- burg, on the Ohio river, in a direct line towards Cincinnati. ‘The dis- tance from Baltimore to Parkersburg, by this route, will be about 395 miles, and about 580 to Cincinnati, by the railroads in progress through southern Ohio. | From Wheeling the main trunk will be carried to the lakes by the Cleveland and Wellsville railroad, now completed to Wellsville, 100. miles, and in progress from Wellsville to Wheeling, 36 miles; and through central Ohio to Columbus, by the Central Ohio railroad, now in opera- tion from that place to Zanesville, a distance of about 60 miles, and in progress east to Wheeling, about 82 miles. When the Ohio, therefore, is reached, Baltimore will be brought into immediate connexion with all the avenues of trade and travel in the West and will be in a strong position to contend for the great prize—the interior commerce of the country. ' The local traffic of this road assumes a great importance from the immense coal trade which must pass over it from the extensive mines situated near Cumberland. ‘The superior quality of this coal will always secure for it a ready market, and there can be no doubt that the demand will always be equal to the capacity of the road. Already has this trade been a source of lucrative traffic, and contributed not a little to the success of the road before the western connexions, upon which complete success was predicated, could be formed. But for this traffic the credit of the company could have hardly been main- tained, at a point necessary to secure the requisite means for its prose- cution to the Ohio river. Baltimore and Susquehanna railroad and its connexions—The next great line of public improvement in Maryland is the Baltsmore and 272 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Susquehanna railroad, by which that city secures a communication with the country lying to the northwest, and with the public works of the State of Pennsylvania, as she will ultimately with those of New York. As far as distance is concerned, the city of Baltimore occupies as favorable a position in reference to the public works of Pennsyl- vania, and the various lines of improvement connecting with them, as does the city of Philadelphia; the former being only 82 miles from Harrisburg, while the latter is 107 miles. Such being the fact, Balti- more is making the most vigorous efforts to perfect and extend the works by which these important communications are maintained. She is especially occupied in pushing a line up the Susquehanna river, with a view to its extension to Elmira, the most considerable town on the Erie railroad between Lake Erie and the Hudson. This town is also connected with all the railroads running through central New York, with Lakes Erie and Ontario at various points, and by a water-line with the Erie canal. By reaching this poimt, the Baltimore lines of improvement will be brought into direct connexion with the New York system of public works, which have thus far monopolized the interior tragle of the country. To divert this trade from its accustomed chan- nels, and to turn a portion of it at least to Baltimore, is one great object that induces her to lend her aid to the Susquehanna road in Pennsyl- vania, through which this object is to be effected. _ The trunk of this great lineis the Baltemore and Susquehanna railroad, which extends from Baltimore to York, Pennsylvania, a distance of 56 miles. In its original construction it received important aid from the State. It has not been a successful work, in a pecuniary point of view, owing toa faulty mode of construction and to the want of suitable con- nexions on the north. But these drawbacks to its success have been removed, and its business prospects are now rapidly improvmg. From York it is carried forward to Harrisburg, by means of the York and Cumberland road. Beyond this point no railroad has been constructed up the Susquehanna valley. It is the construction of this link that is occupying the especial attention of the city of Baltimore, and toward which, in addition to private subscriptions, she has extended aid in her corporate capacity to the amount of $500,000. The distance from Harrisburg to Sunbury, the route occupied by the Susquehanna company, is about 50 miles. From Williamsport to Elmira the dis- tance is about 75 miles.. A portion of this last-named link is in opera- tion; and should the road from Williamsport to Ralston be adopted, as - a part of the through route, it will require only the construction of some 20 miles to complete the last-named link. Vigorous measures are in progress for the commencement of operations upon the unfinished por- tion of the above line, and the whole will be completed, as soon as this can be done, by a prudent outlay of the means that can be made applicable to the work. When the works in which the city of Baltimore is now engaged shall be completed, she will occupy a favorable position, as far as. her proz- umty to the great interior centres of commerce is concerned. She will probably be on the shortest route between the great northern cities and Cincinnati—she will be nearer to Buffalo than even New York or Bos- ton. She expects to realize in results the strength of her position in the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 273 abstract. Assuming cost of transportation to be measured by lineal distance, how far the result will justify her expectations remains to be seen; at all events, she is certain to be amply repaid for all her efforts, by the local traffic of the country traversed by her lines of railroads, which will increase largely her present trade, by developing the re- sources of the section of country legitimately belonging to her. The next most important line of road in Maryland is the Washington branch of the Baltumore and Ohio railroad. This forms a part of the great coast line, extending from the eastern boundary of Maine to Wil- mington, North Carolina. Its traffic is chiefly derived from passengers. It is, besides, situated too near the navigable waters of the Chesapeake to command much more than local freight. As a connecting link in the great national line referred to, it occupies a position that must always secure to it a profitable traffic. Chesapeake and Ohio’ canal.—This great work was projected with a view to its extension to the Ohio river at Pittsburg. The original route extended from Alexandria, up the Potomac river, to the mouth of Wills creek, thence by the Youghiogeny and Monongahela rivers to Pittsburg. Its proposed length was 341 miles. It was commenced in 1828, but it was only in the past year that it was opened for business to Cumberland, 191 miles. Towards the original stock $1,000,000 was subscribed by the United States, $1,000,000 by the city of Washington, $250,000 by Georgetown, $250,000 by Alexandria, and $5,000,000 by the State of Maryland. From the difficulties in the way of construction, the idea of extend- . ing the canal beyond Cumberland has long since been abandoned ; and though when originally projected, it was regarded as a work of national importance, it must now be ranked as a local work, save so far as it may be used in connexion with the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, as a portion of a through route to the Ohio. In this manner it bids fair to become a route of much general importance. As a very large coal irade must always pass through this canal, the boats will take return freights at very low rates, in preference to returning light. It is pro- posed to form a line of steam propellers from New York to Baltimore, for the transportation of coal; and it is claimed that the very low rates at which freights between New York and Cumberland can be placed by such a combination, will cause the canal, in connexion with the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, to become a leading route between New York and the West. The canalis a work of great capacity, having six feet draught of water, and allowing the passage of boats of 150 tons burden. As it commands the whole water of the Potomac river, it will always be abundantly supphed with water. This canal has encountered so many discouraging reverses as to cause a general distrust as to its ultimate success. Itis believed, how- ever, that it will not only become very important as a carrier of the celebrated Cumberland coal, but that it will, in time, work itself, in connexion with the railroad, into a large through-business between the eastern and the western States, in the manner stated. 18 274 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON VIRGINIA. Population in 1830, 1,211,405; in 1840, 1,239,797; in 1850, 1,421,661. Area in square miles, 61,352; inhabitants to square mile, 23.17. The State of Virginia is the.birth-place of the idea of constructing an artificial line for the accommodation of commerce and travel between the navigable rivers of the interior and tide-water. It is now nearly one hundred years since a definite plan for a canal from the tide-waters of Virginia to the Ohio was presented by Washington to the House of Burgesses of Virginia, and ever since that time the realization of this project has been the cherished idea of the State. | | The central position of Virginia, her unsurpassed commercial advan- tages, afforded by the deep indentations of her numerous bays and rivers, and the near approach toward each other, in her own territory, of the Ohio and the navigable waters of the Chesapeake, all pointed out this State as the appropriate ground for a connection between the two. ‘To the apparent facility with which this could be formed, and to the advantages anticipated from it, is to be attributed the hold which this project has always maintained upon the public mind of the State. James River and Kanawha Canal.—The great work by which this connexion has been sought to be accomplished is the James river and Kanawha canal, to extend from Richmond to the navigable waters of the Great Kanawha, at the mouth of the Greenbrier river, a distance of about 310 miles. This work is now completed to Buchanan, in the valley of Virginia, a distance of 196 miles, and 1s in progress to Cov- ington, a town situated at the base of the great Alleghany ridge, about thirty miles farther. It was commenced in 1834, and has cost, up to the present time, the sum of $10,714,306. The extension of this water line to the Ohio is still considered a problem by many, though its friends cherish the original plan with unfaltering zeal. The work thus far has scarcely realized public expectation, from the difficulties en- countered, which have proved far greater than were anticipated in the outset, and have materially delayed the progress of the work. The canal follows immediately on the bank of the river, which has a rapid descent, and after entering the Alleghany ranges, assumes many of the characteristics of a mountain stream. This fact has compelled the construction of numerous and costly works, such as dams, culverts, and bridges, and subjects the canal to all the dangers of sudden and high floods, from which it has at several times suffered severe losses. But, so far as the canal has been carried, all obstacles have been sur- mounted. The various works upon it have now acquired a solidity that promises to resist all the trials to which they may hereafter be subjected. The crossing of the crest of the Alleghanies, the most difh- cult portion of the whole line, has not been commenced. The summit at the inmost favorable point of crossing is 1,916 feet above tide-water, or 1,352 feet above the highest point upon the Erie canal, which is at the lake at Buffalo. Elaborate surveys and calculations have been made for the purpose of determining whether a sufficient quantity of water can be obtained for a supply at the summit, and the result seems to favor an affirmative opinion. | Could this canal be carried into the Ohio valley, with a sufficient COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Oo supply of water there can be no doubt it would become a route of an immense commerce. It would strike the Ohio at a very favorable point for through business. It would have this great advantage over the more northern works of a similar kind, that it would be navigable during the winter as well as the summer. The route, after crossing the Alleghany mountains, is vastly rich in coal and iron, as well as in a very productive soil. Nothing seems to be wanting to the triumphant success of the work but a continuous water line to the Ohio. Until this is accomplished, the canal must depend entirely upon its local business for support. Its eventual success as a paying enterprise was predicated upon such accomplishment. ‘Though of great benefit to the contiguous country and to the city of Richmond, it does not promise in its present condition to be profitable to the stockholders. Railroads in Vi igi. Central Railroad.—The object which led to the conception of the James river and Kanawha canal is now the ruling motive in the con- struction of the two leading railroad projects of this State, viz: the Virgima Central and the Virginia and Tennessee railroads. While the canal is still the favorite project with an influential portion of her citi- zens, it cannot be denied that, sympathizing with the popular feeling in favor of railroads, which have in many cases superseded canals as means of transportation, and which are adapted to more varied uses and better reflect the character and spirit of the times, a large majority of the people of the State deem it more advisable to open the proposed western connexions hy means of railroads than by a farther extension of the canal. The line of the Central road, after making a somewhat extended detour to the north upon leaving Richmond, takes a generally western course, passing through the towns of Gordonsville and Charlottesville, and enters the valley of Virginia near Staunton. At Gordonsville it connects with the Orange and Alexandria railroad, thus giving the for- mer an outlet to the Potomac. ‘This road is now nearly completed to Staunton, with the exception of the Blue Ridge tunnel, which is a for- midable work, about one mile in length, and is in process of construc- tion by funds furnished by the State. From Staunton the line has been placed under contract to Buffalo Gap, a distance of thirty-five miles. For the whole line up to this point ample means are provided. The whole length of the road, from Richmond to the navigable waters of the Kanawha, will be about two hundred and eighty-six miles. The means for its construction have thus far been furnished by stock sub- scriptions on the part of the State and individuals, in the proportion of three-fifths by the former, to two-fifths by the latter. No doubt is entertained of its extension over the mountains, at a comparatively early period. The State is committed to the work, and has too much in- volved, both in the amount already expended and in the results at stake, to allow it to pause at this late hour. The opinion is now confi- dently expressed by well-informed persons that some definite plan will be adopted for the immediate construction of the remaining link of this great line. a 276 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON By extending this line to Guyandotte a junction will be formed with the roads now in progress in Kentucky, and aiming at that point for an eastern outlet. It is also proposed to carry a branch down the Kana- wha to its mouth, nearly opposite to Gallipolis, to connect with a road proposed from that point to intersect with the Hillsboro’ and Cincinnati and the Czacinnati and Marietta railroads. Virginia and Tennessee railroad.—The leading object in the construc- tion of the above road is to form a part of a great route connecting the North and the South, by a road running diagonally through the United States. This line, commencing in the eastern part of the State of Maine, follows the general inclination of the coast, and passes through our most important eastern cities, as far south as Washington. After ’ reaching this point, it still pursues the same general direction, and passing through Charlottesville and Lynchburg, in central Virginia, and soon after leaving the latter place, enters the lofty ranges of the Alleghany mountains, which it traverses for hundreds of miles, till they subside _ into the plains circling the Gulf of Mexico. The northern portion of this great lne is in operation from Waterville, Maine, to Charlottesville, Virginia, a distance of nearly 800 miles. Parts of the southern division are completed, and the whole, with the exception of the short link from Charlottesville to Lynchburg, is in active progress. Of the central links, the Virginia and Tennessee is the longest, and in this point of view the most important. It extends from Lynchburg to the State line of Tennessee, a distance of 205 miles. About 60 miles of this road are completed, and the whole line is under contract for completion durmg the year 1854. ‘The means for its construction are furnished Jointly by the State and individual subscriptions, in the proportion of three parts by the former to two by the latter. When completed, this road will form a conspicuous link in one of the most magnificent lines of railroad in the world, both as regards its length and importance. _ The prospects of the local business of the above road are favorable. It traverses a fertile portion of Virginia, abounding, moreover, in most of the valuable minerals, such as iron, coal, lead, salt, etc. At present, there is no more secluded portion of the eastern or middle States than the country to be traversed by the above road; all its great resources remain undeveloped, from the cost of transportation to a market. When this road shall be opened, no section will display more progress, nor furnish, according to its population, a larger traffic. The friends of this project propose also to make a portion of its line the trunk of a new route, from the navigable waters of the Ohio to those of the Chesapeake. At a distance of about 75 miles from Lynich- burg, the Virginia and Tennessee road strikes the great Kanawha near Christiansburg. From this point to the navigable waters of the river the distance is only 86 miles. As the Virginia and Tennessee road is to be connected by railroad with both Richmond and Petersburg, the short link described will alone be wanting to constitute a new outlet for western produce to tide-water. That this link must be supplied at no distant day can hardly admit of a doubt. Should the State extend aid to it, as well as to the Central line, both may be opened simultaneously. There are numerous other important lines of railroad in Virginia, among which may be named the line running through the State from COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 277 north to south, made up of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac, Richmond and Petersburg, and Petersburg and Weldon roads ; the South Side, the Richmond and Danville, the Seaboard and Roanoke, the Orange and Alexandria, and the Manasses Gap railroads. The firs#named line forms the great route of travel through the State from north to south. Its revenues are chiefly derived from passenger traffic ; its direction not bemg favorable to a large freight business. The whole line is well managed and productive, and is daily improv- ing-in value, from the extension of both extremes of the great system of which this is the connecting link. : The South Side and the Richmond and Danville roads are works of importance, from the extent of their lines, the connexions they form, and: their prospective business. Starting from two, the most consider- able, towns in eastern Virginia, situated atthe head of navigation on two important rivers, they cross each other diagonally about mid- way between their respective termini, thus giving a choice of markets tu the country traversed by either. The former constitutes the exten- sion eastward of the Virginia and Tennessee line, and opens an outlet for that work to Richmond and Petersburg. The latter will also secure to the same cities the trade of important portions of southern Virgmia and North Carolina, and will undoubtedly be extended event- ually into the latter State, and form a junction with the North Carolina railroad, at or near Greensboro’, forming, in connexion with the North Carolina and Charlotte .and South Carolina railroads a new and inde- pendent interior route between Richmond and Petersburg and the southern States. 7 The Seaboard and Roanoke railroad is also a line of much consequence, and may eventually become a work of great importance, depending, however, upon the future progress of Norfolk, its eastern terminus. The excellence of the- harbor of Norfolk has led to great expectations in reference to the future growth of that city. Its position has been compared with that of New York, and it bears a relation to the Chesa- peake bay, and the rivers entering it, similar to that of the former to the Hudson river and Long Island Sound. No portion of the country possesses greater commercial capabilities than eastern Virginia, and it would seem that the numerous rivers by which it is watered would develop a trade sufficient to build up a large commercial town. Such has not been the result, however inexplicable the cause. The great seats of commerce lie farther north, and the seaports of Virginia, instead of being depéts from which are distributed to the consumers the products of the State, are merely points en route to the great northern markets. Her people being devoted chiefly to agricul- ture, no large towns have grown up within her territory. Should, in time, a greater diversity of pursuits secure the consumption, by her own people, of the surplus products of:her soil, Norfolk could not fail to become an important commercial town. The Seaboard and Ro- anoke road would be her great arm of inland communication, com- bining, as it does, with the roads penetrating the interior of the State, and of North Carolina. As it is, it is a road of much consequence, and essential to the symmetry of the railroad system of the State, and will 278 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON always transact a large business, even under a continuance of the resent condition of things in the State. The other leading roads in Virginia are the Orange and re and the Manasses Gap railroads. The former extends from Alexandria to Gordonsville, on the Central road, a distance of about 9Q miles. It is an important line, in that it connects the central portions of the State with the Potomac and the cities of Alexandria and Washington. It will form a portion of the line already described, traversing central and western Virginia and eastern Tennessee. ‘To complete such a con- nexion, only a short link, extending from the central road near Char- lottesville, is necessary. ‘There cannot be a doubt that the legislature of Virginia will allow the construction of this link, and aid it with the liberality extended toward similar works. The Manasses Gap road branches off from the Orange and Alexandria road about 25 miles after leaving Alexandria, and is to be extended into the valley of Virginia through the gap in the Blue ridge above named. A portion of the line is already in operation. It is mtended to carry this road up the valley to Staunton; there to form a junction with the Central line. The Winchester and Potomac road, at present a short though productive local work, will also probably be extended so as to connect with the above road—thus forming a line through the whole extent of the valley of Virginia, and connecting with the Balt- more and Ohio road at Harper’s Ferry, and with the Potomac at Alex- andria. NORTH CAROLINA. Population in 1830, 737,987; in 1840, 753,419; in 1850, 868,903. Area in square miles, 45,000 ; inhabitants to square mile, 15.62. Railroads in North Carolina. The State of Nerth Carolina has, on the whole, accomplished less than any eastern State in railroad enterprises, when we take into consideration the extent of her territory, and the great necessity for.such works to the proper development of her resources. Her inaction has been owing in part to the want within her own territory of a large com- mercial town, which in other States not only becomes the centre of a well-digested system of railroads, but, by concentrating the capital, renders it available to the construction of such works. Of the roads in operation the most important is the Wilmington and Weldon road, extending from Wilmington to Weldon, and traversing nearly the whole breadth of the State “from north to south. This is a work of the greatest convenience and utility to the traveling public, and must, from its direction and counexion, always occupy an impor- tant position in our railroad system. It is a road of comparatively low cost, upon a very favorable route, and is beginning to enjoy a lucrative traffic. It has been an unproductive work from the faulty character of its construction—it being one of the pioneer works of the South, and COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ayo originally laid with a flat bar; but this superstructure has given place to a heavy rail, and the road is now in a condition to compare favorably with our best works. The only other road in operation in the State isthe Raleigh and Gas- ton, which connects the above places by a line of 87 miles. It is strictly a local work, and, from the faulty character of its construction, has been unsuccessful. It bids fair, however, to become a much more im- portant road from its prospective connexion with the North Carolina Central road, now in progress. When the last-named road shall be opened, and the Raleigh and Gaston shall have received an improved superstructure, it cannot fail, it is believed, to become a productive work, and one that will sustain an important relation to the travel and business of the country. Through the Central, it will be brought into communication with the Charlotte and South Carolina road, and form, for both, their trunk lines north. / The only considerable work in progress, lying wholly within the State, is the North Carolina Central railroad. It commences on the Neuse river, near Goldsboro’, taking a northwesterly direction, running through the towns of Raleigh, Hillsboro’, Greensboro’, and Lexington, to Charlotte. For the greater part of its line it traverses a fertile territory, and will secure railroad accommodations to a large and rich section of the State. It will prove of great utility, and is much wanted to develop the resources of the State, and demonstrate its capacity to supply railroads with a profitable traffic. Its entire length is 223 miles. At Charlotte it will unite with the Charlotte and South Carolina railroad, which will insure to it the character and ad- vantages of a through route. The estimated cost of the road is about $3,000,000 ; of which sum the State furnishes $2,000,000. The whole line is under contract, to be completed at the earliest practicable mo- ment. SOUTH CAROLINA. Population in 1830, 581,185; in 1840, 594,398; in 1850, 668,507. Area in square miles, 24,500; inhabitants to square mile, 27.28. South Circling. Railroads. This State furnishes a good illustration of the correctness of the pre- vious remarks, in reference to the influence of a commercial capital in promoting and giving character to works of internal improvement for the country dependent upon it. Large cities collect together the sur- plus capital ot the surrounding country, and a mercantile life trains men up for the management of enterprises calling for administrative talent, and volving large moneyed operations. No sooner had the people of this country commenced the con- struction of railroads, than the city of Charleston entered upon the great work of that State—the South Carolina railroad. This was one of the first projects of the kind undertaken in this country, having 280 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON been commenced in 1830. Its main trunk extends from Charles- ton to Hamburg, on the Savannah river, opposite Augusta, Georgia. Tt has two branches; one extending to Columbia, the political capital of the State, and the other to Camden. The entire length of the road and its branches is 242 miles. Its cost has been a little less than $7,000,000. | This road not only bears an important relation to all the interests of the State, but has given birth to other extensive lines of road, and forms very important connexions with them. At Augusta a junction is formed with the Georgia railroad, by means of which a communication is opened with the railroads of that State, which are soon to be extended to all the neighbcring States. Already have the Georgia lines reached the Tennessee river; and by the first of May next they will be carried forward to Nashville, the capital of the State of Tennessee, whence railroads are in progress toward Louisville and Cincinnati. From Atlanta, the western terminus of the Georgia railroad, a line of railroad is nearly completed to Montgomery, Alabama, which will soon be pushed forward to the Gulf of Mexico on the one hand, and to the Mississippi on the other. | | By means of the Tennessee and Kentucky roads alluded to, Charles- ton is now about to realize the celebrated project of the Charleston and Cincmmnatt railroad. The history of this scheme is well known. It originated in the bold idea of making that city the commercial empo- rium of the great interior basin of the country, particularly the lower portion of it. To effect this object, a continuous line of railroad, under one organization, was proposed, in as direct a line as possible, to the city of Cincinnati. This project attracted, for a time, much interest in the States of South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Ohio. It was believed to be entirely practicable, and large sums were expended in reconnaissances and surveys of the routes. We now see the accomplishment of the scheme, upon the original plan, to have been, at the period when it was commenced, impracticable. As far as the means and the engineering skill of the country were concerned, the project was premature. Its magnitude was beyond the ability of all the interests that could be brought to bear upon it. The termini being given, the route assumed was the shortest possible line between them. The route selected, therefore, could not command the means of the country, applicable to a road between the cities named; and, as might have been expected, the original project fell through. The dif ferent sections, however, upon the most practicable line, as far as means were concerned, commenced the construction of detached links, having in view local objects alone. These are now so far advanced that the formation of the whole line may be regarded as secured. By the more circuitous route by way of Nashville and Louisville, the means for a railroad from Charleston to Cincinnati are now pro- vided, and the whole route is either in operation or in progress. From Charleston to Nashville, a distance of about 600 miles, the line will be completed by the first day of May next. Upon the line from Nashville to Louisville, a distance of 180 miles, working surveys are now in pro- gress, preparatory to placing this entire link under contract. Louis- ville and Cincinnati are soon to be united by means of the Lowisville \ i COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 281 and Lexington and the Covington and Lexington railroads. ‘The former is in operation; the latter will be completed next year; and the city of Charleston, without any expenditure other than that requisite for the construction of roads within her territory—excepting a small loan to the Nashville and Chattanooga road—sees the great project, for which she so zealously labored, on the eve of accomplishment. A more direct, and apparently appropriate, line, than that above de- scribed, is one traversing the entire length of the State of South Caro- lina, in a northwesterly direction, crossing the northeastern corner of Georgia and the western portion of North Carolina, running down the Little and up the Great Tennessee rivers, to Knoxville; thence by the Cumberland Gap, or some practicable pass in its vicinity, through Danville and Lexington, Kentucky, to Cincinnati. The only portions of this line for which the means are certainly provided, are thos@ ex- tending from Charleston to Anderson, in South Carolina, a distance of 243 miles, and from Cincinnati to Danville, a distance of 128 miles, making in all 371 miles, and leaving about 350 miles to be provided for. ‘That this direct line will be accomplished cannot be doubted. A considerable portion of the country traversed can provide sufficient means for its construction, and the necessary balance will be supplied by connecting lines and by private interests. For that portion of the link, unprovided for, between Anderson and Knoxville, it is believed that the legislature of the State of South Carolina will extend liberal aid. The South Carolina and the Greenville and Columbia roads, form- ing the lower portions of this great chain, are also expected to render efficient support. That portion of it through the State of ‘Tennessee will undoubtedly receive the benefit of the recent internal improvement act of that State, which appropriates $8,000 per mile to certain leading lmes—a sum sufficient, with what private means can be obtained, to secure its construction. The link from Danville, Kentucky, to the boundary line of Tennessee, traverses a region of vast mineral re- sources. It is believed the amount lacking to complete this link, be- yond the means of the people upon it, will eventually be furnished by parties interested in the whole as a through route. Active measures are in progress upon the entire route to secure the necessary surveys, to provide the means of construction, and to awaken the minds of the peopie to the importance of the work. The other important projects in South Carolina are the Greenville and Columbia, the Charlotte and South Carolina, the Wilmington and Man- chester, and the Northeastern road, extending from Charleston to a junc- tion with the Wilmington and Manchester road. The Charlotte and South Carolina andthe Wilmington and Manchester roads lie partly in North Carolina, but they are appropriately described as a portion of the South Carolina system. The Greenville and Columbia road extends from Columbia, the termi- nus of the Columbia branch of the South Carolina railroad, to Green- ville, a distance of about one hundred and twenty-three miles. It has two branches—one extending to Pendleton, and the cther to Anderson court-house. The leading objects in its construction are of a local char- acter; though, as before stated, it is intended to make it a portion of a through line to the Mississippi Valley. The road traverses one of the 282 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON best portions of the State. It has been built at a low cost, owing to the favorable nature of the country traversed, and the enterprise prom- ises to be highly remunerative. A considerable portion of this line is in operation, and the whole will be completed at an early day. There is in progress from this road a branch of some magnitude ex- tending to Laurens, and a portion of it is in operation. The Charlotte and South Carolina railroad has been briefly alluded to. Its line extends from Charlotte, the most important town in west- ern North Carolina, to Columbia, the capital of South Carolina, and is about one hundred and ten miles long. It is an important link between the other roads of the States, and, with them, between those of the northern, southern, and southwestern States. Its local business will be lucrative, as it traverses a rich country without suitable avenues to market. Like most of the southern roads, it has been constructed at a low cost. It is nearly completed, and will be shortly opened. Connected with this road, at Chester, is a branch road, called the King’s Mountain railroad, in operation and extending to Yorkville, a distance of about twenty-five miles. Wilmington and Manchester Railroad.—The chief object of this line is to supply the link for the connexion of the roads of the States of South Carolina and Georgia with those of the north. It is this object which gives it general importance, though its principal revenues will undoubt- edly be derived from local traffic, which the country traversed will probably supply. The road is about one hundred and sixty-two miles long. Its construction is essential to the convenience of the travelling public, and will add largely to the traffic of all the connecting lines. A glance at the accompanying map will well illustrate its relations to other roads. Although a first-class road, it is constructed at the mini- mum cost of southern roads. The whole line is under contract and well advanced; some portions of it are opened, and the whole is in progress to completion with all practicable dispatch. 7 The only project of any considerable public importance, not already noticed, is the Northeastern road, extending from Charleston to the Wil- mington and Manchester road, at a point between Marion and Darling- ton. The object of this road is to secure to Charleston a more direct outlet, and to place her in a line of travel between the North and the South. Without such a work, the tendency of the Wilmington and Manchester road would be to divert the through travel from that city, and would consequently threaten her with the loss of a portion of her business and public consideration. To fortify her position, this city also proposes to construct a railroad direct to Savannah. By these works she will place herself on the convenient line of travel between the extremes of the country. The length of this first-named line will be about one hundred miles. Its cost will be between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000. The work is light, the only difficult point being the crossing of the Santee river. The route is now uniler survey, and will be commenced as soon as practicable. The road may be regarded as a Charleston project, and that city will contribute largely to its construction. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 283 GEORGIA. Population in 1830, 516,823; in 1840, 691,392; in 1850, 905,999. Area in square miles, 58,000; inhabitants to square mile, 15.62. The State of Georgia has distinguished herself for the extent, excel- ‘lence and successful management of her railroads. In these respects she ranks first among the southern States. Her success is mainly owing to the fact, that her great lines of railroad were completed within a comparatively brief period after they were undertaken. From the sparse population in the South, and the absence of large towns in the interior, the completion of a road is necessary to success. Until the connexions proposed are formed, the work is generally unprofitable. Successive links, as they are opened, do not yield a large revenue, as is the case with many northern lines, which find between two neigh- boring villages a remunerating traffic. To this fact is, in some degree, to be attributed the failure in the South of many of the projects of 1836 and 1837. Portions only of the lines of railroad commenced at that period were completed. The commercial revulsions which fol- lowed checked their further prosecution. The several links brought into use were not of sufficient length or importance to develop and command a remunerative business; and, in some instances, projects were abandoned even after a portion of their lines had been opened for business. The reverses which have been alluded to, were chiefly con- fined to the projects of the newly-settled southern and western States. These States were then a wilderness as compared with their present condition. At that period success was impossible, not only from the lack of capital adequate to the enterprises, but of those qualities neces- sary to superintend and carry out these enterprises, and which can only result from experience. The effect of the reverses sustained, was to discourage for a time all attempts to construct railroads. But the long period which has since elapsed has brought with it greater means ; a wider experience; the successful examples of other States; more distinct and better-defined objects; and a more intimate acquaintance, and hearty co-operation among people interested in such works. The operation of time has settled our commercial depéts, and established the convenient channels of commerce and travel. At an earlier period these were assumed in the projects undertaken, and the results fre- quently proved these assumptions to be wide of the truth. New lights have arisen as guides to renewed efforts. The southern people are again inspired with confidence and hope; and the movement now going on throughout the southern States, founded upon a proper knowledge of their wants and abilities, and guided by wider experience and more competent hands, is destined to achieve the most satisfactory results. The success of the Georgia roads, as already stated, was owing to the fact that, after a severe struggle, her leading lines were completed without great delay. As soon as they were brought into use they at once commenced a lucrative business, yielding a handsome return upon the cost, and have proved of inestimable benefit to the people of the State. Their roads have not only enabled them to turn their resources to the best account, but have done much to develop that spirit of enter- 284 | ANDREWS’ REPORT ON prise and activity for which the people of Georgia are particularly dis- tinguished. . The leading roads in operation in Georgia constitute two great lines, representing, apparently, two different interests. The first extends from Savannah, the commercial capital of the State, to the Tennessee river, a distance of 434 miles, and is made up of the Georgia Central, Macon and Western, and Western and Atlantic roads. The latter, by which the railroad system of the State is carried into the Tennessee valley, is a State work. The second line traverses the State from east to west, crossing the cther nearly at right-angles, and is made up of the Georgia and the Atlanta and La Grange railroads. This line may be considered as an extension, in a similar direction,-of the South Carolina railroad, and rests on Charleston as its commercial depot, as does the former on Savannah. To a certain extent the West- ern and Atlantic link may be said to be common to both lines. “The first described line, however, has important branches, which con- nect it with a much larger portion of the State than the latter. At Macon it receives the Southwestern railroad, an important line, already constructed to Oglethorpe, which will be continued to Fort Gaines, on the Chattahoochee. A branch of this line is in progress to Columbus, an important town on that river, and the principle depot of trade for western Georgia and eastern Alabama. Upon the completion of these roads the Central line will extend to the northern and western bound- aries of the State, and will receive an important accession to its already flourishing traffic. : The three great roads of the State, which have been in operation for a comparatively long period—the Central, the Georgia, and the Macon and Western—have, for many years past, been uniformly suc- cessful, and take high rank among our best managed and best paying roads, averaging, for a series of years, eight per cent. dividends. Notwithstanding their imperfect mode of construction, which has required repairs equal to an entirely new superstructure, their cost per mile is less than the average of roads throughout the country. This is owing in part to the favorable character of the country for such enterprises, and the prudent and skilful manner in which they have been constructed and managed. All these have proved profitable works, chiefly from their local traffic. The rapid extension of connecting links, which must use the above as their trunk lines to market, must. in the ordinary course of business, add very largely to their present considerable revenues. Among the most important roads in progress in the State, may be named the Waynesboro’, the Southwestern, the Muscogee and the Atlanta and La Grange. The object of the Waynesboro’ road is to effect a communication, by railroad, between Savannah and Augusta, the latter the terminus ot the South Carolina and Georgia railroads, and situated at the head of navigation on the Savannah river. A portion of this line is already in operation, and the whole is nearly completed. It is an important con- necting link between other roads, and will greatly add to the facilities of business and travel in the southeastern portion of the State. The Southwestern road will provide an outlet for the rich planting COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ) 285: district of southwestern Georgia, one of the best cotton-growing regions in the South. This road has already reached Oglethorpe, and 1s to be extended to the Chattahoochee. It will then have an outlet in each direction of trade. Thg proposed extension of the road is regarded as the appropriate line to supply railroad accommodation to the south- western portion of the State. The Southwestern is already in posses- sion of a large revenue from local traffic alone. This will be materially increased by the farther extension of its own line, and of connecting roads. The Muscogee road extends from the city of Columbus, eastward, to its junction with the Southwestern, a distance of 71 miles, striking the latter about Fort Valley, 28 miles from Macon. It traverses arich planting country, and is an important work, both as a through and localroad. At Columbus it will ultimately form a connexion with the roads now in progress and operation in Alabama. Its through traffic, derived from the business centrmg at Columbus alone, will constitute a valuable source of revenue. It is nearly completed, and its opening is regarded as an event of considerable importance to other roads in the State. The Atlanta and La Grange bears pretty much the same relation to the Georgia as does the Muscogee to the Central line. It extends from Atlanta, the terminus of the Georgia and Western and Atlantic roads, to West Point, the eastern terminus of the Montgomery and West Pownt road, a distance of 86 miles. A portion of this road is already in operation, and the whole is well advanced. Its completion will ex- tend the Georgia system of roads to Montgomery, Alabama. As a connecting link, it 1s justly regarded as a work of much public utility. It traverses a very beautiful and highly cultivated portion of the State, and cannot fail to have, with all the roads of the State, a lucrative local traffic. | The only important road in Georgia already in operation, and not particularly noticed, is the Western and Atlantic, extending from Atlanta to the Tennessee river. To the State of Georgia must be awarded the honor of first surmounting the Great Alleghany or Appa- lachian range, and of carrying a continuous line of railroad from the seacoast into the Mississippi valley. From the difficulties in the way of such an achievement, it must always be regarded as a crowning work. Wherever accomplished, the most important results are certain to follow. The construction of the Western and Atlantic road was the signal for a new movement throughout all the southern and south- western States. By opening an outlet to the seaboard for a vast sec- tion of country, it at once gave birth to numerous important projects, which are now making rapid progress, and which, when completed, will open to the whole southern country the advantages of railroad transportation. Among the more important of these may be named the Memphis and Charleston, the East Tennessee and Georgia, and the Nashville and Chattanooga roads, already referred to. The former will open a direct line of railroad from Memphis, an important town on the Tennessee river, to the southern Atlantic ports of Charleston and Savannah, and will become the trunk for a great number of im- portant radial branches. The Nashville and Chattanooga, traversing 286 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON the State of Tennessee in a northwesterly direction, has given a new impulse to the numerous railroads which are springing into life, both in Tennessee and Kentucky. These railroads will soon form connexions with those of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and thus all the northern and western States will be brought into intimate business relations with the southern cities of Charleston and Savannah. Through the East Tennessee and Georgia road a connexion will be formed with the line traversing the United States from north to south. The influence of such a connexion upon the growth and prosperity of these cities, as well as of the country brought into communication with them, can hardly be estimated. A railroad is also proposed from St. Simon’s sound, on the Atlan- tic—said to be a good harbor—to Pensacola, in Florida. One object in the construction of this road is to build up the town of Brunswick upon that sound. As this road would connect two good harbors, one upon the Atlantic coast and the other upon the gulf, it will prove an import- ant work. It would also open an extensive territory at present but slightly developed, for the want of a suitable outlet. | A railroad is contemplated from Savannah to Pensacola. Its object is to open a communication between that city and the southern portion of the State, and to attract the trade of a large section now threatened to be drawn off by rival works. ‘The project has its origin in the sup- posed benefit it would confer upon the city of Savannah, which is ex- pected.to aid largely in its construction. FLORIDA. Population in 1830, 34,730 ; in 1840, 54,477; in 1850, 87,401. Area in square miles, 59,268 ; inhabitants to square mile, 1.47. In another part of this report full notice is given to this State, em- bracing the works of internal improvement therein, whether constructed, in progress, or contemplated to be made, and also those heretofore made and now abandoned. It would be superfluous to repeat that notice here. Reference is made, therefore, to the communications of citizens of this State, contained in the Appendix at the end of this re- port, to the documents accompanying the same, and to comments of the undersigned, prefixed thereto, for full information on these and other subjects respecting this State. A paper respecting the “Gulf of Mexico” and the “Straits of Florida,’”’ prepared from notes furnished by a distinguished and intelligent engineer officer of the United States, is likewise inserted in the Appendix, and contains important matter relating to this State. ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND LOUISIANA. The roads of these States belong to a general class, from the simuilar- . . ° ° ba 5 — . . . . ity of their direction and objects, and from the intimate relations exist- 4 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 287 ing between many of their important lines. As already stated, the great lakes are the radial points of the internal improvement system of this country. In conformity with this fact we find, that on reaching the Gulf of Mexico the general direction of the great lines extending into the interior’ gradually changes, m harmony with this fact, and that those arising from the Gulf of Mexico are at right angles both to this and our great northern lake boundary. In examining the character and prospective business of roads running at right angles to the parallels of latitude, compared with those follow- ing the same parallels, some marked points of difference are found. In the latter case, where there is no variety of pursuits, and where the whole population is eugaged in agriculture, there can be little or no local trafic. The products being identical, all the surplus is the:same in kind. But upon a route following a meridian of latitude, an entirely different rule prevails. Such routes traverse regions abounding in a diversity of productions, all of which are regarded as essential to the wants of every individual in the community. Such lines may be said to coincide with the natural routes of commerce, over which a large traffic must always pass, although the territory traversed may be en- tirely devoted to agriculture. The grains, provisions, and animals of the north are wanted by the southern States engaged in the cul- ture of cotton, rice, sugar and tobacco; and these last-named products are received by the people of the north in exchange for what they have to sell. In this country, therefore, the routes running east and west may be termed the arézficial, those running north and south the natural routes of commerce. It is this fact that gives particular importance to the great line of communication which it is proposed to extend from the Gulf of Mexico to the lakes, thus uniting a country the extremes of which abound in the fruits of the tropics, and in the products of high northern latitudes. ' A railroad extending from the Gulf of Mexico constitutes a great national route of commerce, and furnishes a channel of distribution over the whole country, for the vast variety of products of the regions tra- versed, and at the same time constitutes an outlet for such surplus as may not be required for domestic consumption. Such are the extent and range of human wants, that they require the whole aggregate pro- duction of every variety of soil and climate for their supply. Owing to the variety of climate, this country is capable of producing nearly every article used in ordinary consumption, and an abundance of all that are of primary importance. Upon the completion of a railroad from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Michigan, a person living midway between the two will be enabled to have his table daily supplied with the luxuries of both extremes—the delicious fruits of the tropics, and the more tempered but equally valuable products of northern latitudes. The differences of climate will then, practically, cease to exist. The speed of the railway train will scatter over the whole country, freshly plucked, the fruits of every latitude, and one climate will practically exist for aid, in the possession of an abundance of the products of each. Extended lines of railroads are equally important in another point of view. It always happens that while in the aggregate there is an abundance of production for the wants of all, there will be failures of 288 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON crops in different portions of the country. Such must be the case ina’ country of so vast an area as our own. With ordinary roads only, it is found impossible so to distribute the surplus produced as to secure abundance at points where production has failed. The limit to economical transportation over the ordinary roads is measured by a few miles. The greatest extremes of want and abundance, therefore, may exist in adjoining States. All these evils are remediable by railroads, so that they will not only secure to us a pr actical uniformity of climate, put of seasons also, giving to us the greatest variety, and at the same time the greatest certainty, of uniform supply. ALABAMA. Population 1 in 1830, 509,427; m 1840,.590,756.; im 1650," 67 RGAL. Area in square miles, 50,722; inhabitants to square mile, 15.21. Mobile and Ohio (iia ba hich) oe ae ereat works of the | character we have described is the Mobile and Ohio railroad, éxtend- ing from Mobile, on the Gulf of Mexico, to the mouth of the Ohio river, a distance of 594 miles. From Mobile it will be extended down Mobile bay to a point where a depth of 202 feet of water is reached at low tide, making the whole length of line 609 miles. The route traversed is remarkably favorable. There are no grades in the direc- tion of the heavy trafhie exceeding 30 feet to the mile. The highest point of elevation above the gulf 1 is only 505 feet. No bridges are required above 130 feet long. The estimated cost of the road, with a liberal outfit, is $10,000,000. Of the whole line, 33 miles are already in operation; but the work is in progress upon 279 more, and the balance will be immediately placed under contract. It is intended to have the whole line completed within three years from the present time. The company are fast securing ample means for its construc- tion, which are materially strengthened by a recent liberal donation of land by the general government. ‘That portion of the line through the State of Tennessee is provided for by the recent internal improvement act of that State. The work is under the most efficient management, and its completion within the shortest practicable period is unques- tioned. The importance of this work, both to the city of Mobile and the whole southern country, can hardly be over-estimated. By means of it the produce of the South may, with the greatest expedition, be brought alongside of ships drawing 202 feet water. ‘The route traversed is nearly equidistant from the ee waters of the Tombigbee river on the ene hand, and the Mississippi onthe other. It traverses a region deficient in any suitable means of transportation—one of the richest portions of the United States. Flanking, as it will, a very large por- tion of the best cotton lands in the country, it must secure to ‘Mobile. a large supply of this article, ordinarily sent to New Orleans. From the ease and cheapness with which the planter will be enabled to for- ward his staple to market, the road will stimulate the production of cotton to an extraordinary extent. It will also develop numerous other * ‘ COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 289 resources now lying dormant, and will give rise to a greater variety of pursuits, so essential to the best interests of the South. This work cannot fail te give extraordinary impulse to the growth of Mobile, and to secure to it a prominent rank among the principal commercial cities. Another great line of railroads commencing in Alabama, though at present resting upon the Alabama river at Selma, to be eventually car- ried to Mobile, :is the Alabama and Tennessee River railroad. The line of this road extends from Selma to the Tennessee river at Gunter’s Landing, a distance of 210 miles. The more immediate object of its construction is to accommodate the local traffic of the route traversed, although a large business is anticipated from the connexions hereafter to be formed. It is proposed to extend this road from Jacksonville to Dalton, Geor- gia, to connect with the great line already described, traversing the entire country, and passing through northern Georgia, eastern 'Ten- nessee, and central and western Virginia, and to which the above road will form the southern trunk, and connect this great line with the Gulf of Mexico. The Alabama and Tennessee railroad will also form a link in another important chain of roads, extending from the gulf to the great lakes. From Gunter’s Landing, its northern terminus, it will be carried forward to the Nashville and Chattanooga road at Winchester, by the Winchester and Alabama road, now. in progress. From Winchester to Nashville the Nashville and Chattanooga road is now in operation. From Winches- ter two routes are proposed—one by way of Nashville and Louisville, a portion of which is in operation, and the balance amply provided for ; and the other by way of McMinnville and Sparta, Tennessee, and Dan- ville and Lexington, Kentucky. From Winchester to McMinnville a road is in progress, as is one from Cincinnati to Danville, on the north- ern portion of the line. The link unprovided for is about 250 miles long. ‘The Tennessee portion of this is embraced in the internal im- provement act of that State, and vigorous measures are in progress to secure the means requisite to the work, both in Tennessee and Ken- tucky. When these connecting lines shall be completed, the Alabama and ‘Tennessee road will sustain the relation of a common trunk to all. _ The Alabama Central railroad, commencing in the State of Missis- sippi, and extending to Selma, is the appropriate extension, east, of the Mississyppr Southern railroad, designed to traverse the State of Mississippi centrally from west to east. This line has been placed under contract from the State line to Selma. It is proposed to extend it still farther eastward, so as to form a connexion at Montgomery with the Monrt- gomery and West Point road. By the completion of the above work and its connecting lines, a direct and continuous railroad would be formed, extending from the Atlantic ports of Charleston and Savannah to the Mississippi river at Vicksburgh, and traversing, for a greater portion of the distance, a region of extraordinary productiveness. Its importance as a through line of travel will be readily appreciated from an examination of the accompanying map. The whole of this great line, with the exception of the link from Selma to Montgomery, which will, for the present, be supplied by the Alabama river, is in progress. Another line of very considerable magnitude is the proposed road 19 290 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON from Girard, a town upon the Chattahoochee river, opposite Columbus, to Mobile, under the title of the Girard railroad. A portion of the eastern division of this road is under contract. Its whole length is about 210 miles. It traverses, for a considerable part of its length, a rich planting region, only sparsely settled, for the want of suitable avenues. ‘This line would form a very important extension of the Muscogee and the Georgia system of roads. Of its eventual construc- tion there can be no doubt, though the means applicable to the work may not secure this result immediately. The line occupies a very important through route, and the project will be likely to receive the attention of other parties interested in its extension, so soon as they shall be released from their present duties, by the completion of the works upon which they are now occupied. The Memphis and Charleston railroad, the line of which traverses the great ‘Tennessee valley in Alabama from east to west, has already been briefly noticed. It commences at Memphis, the most important town upon the Mississippi between New Orleans and St. Louis, and passing through portions of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama, forms a junction with the Nashville and Chattanooga road in the north- eastern portion of the last named State. Its length is 28] miles; the whole line is under contract. Its estimated cost is about $3,000,000. Nearly the whole cost of the road is subscribed in stock; and, as ample means for construction are already provided, the work will be urged forward toward completion with all practicable dispatch. The above line includes two of the old railroad projects of 1837, the Lagrange and the Tuscumbia and Decatur. The former of these was abandoned after its line was nearly graded; the latter was com- pleted with a flat rail, and has for late years been worked by horses as the motive-power. The original object of the last named road was to serve as a portage around the ‘‘ Muscle Shoals,” which in low water are a complete obstruction to the navigation of the Tennessee river. Both of the above roads have been merged in the Memphis and Charles- ton road, and are now portions of it, and their direction coincides with that of the great line. Their adoption will diminish largely the cost of the latter. ~The Memphis and Charleston road, as part of a great line connecting, by a very direct and favorable route, the leading southern Atlantic cities, Charleston and Savannah, with the Mississsippi river, may be urged as of national importance, and must become the channel of a large trade and travel. Its western division will form a convenient outlet to the Mississippi river, for that portion of the Tennessee val- ley; and will save the long circuit at present made by way of the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers. For the eastern part of this great valley, it will afford a convenient outlet to the Atlantic ports. It will, when completed, form a part of the shortest practicable line of railroad between the Mississippi and the Atlantic—a fact in itself sufficient to establish its claims to public consideration. For the greater part of its length it traverses the ‘‘ Tennessee valley,” one of the most fertile districts in the United States. This road will add largely to the commercial importance of Charleston and Savannah, by securing to COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 291 them a portion of a large trade now drawn off to the Mississippi for want of an eastern outlet. The only considerable work in operation in Alabama is the Montgo- mery and West Point railroad. ‘This being one of the early projects of the South, was unfortunate in its original mode of construction, and has consequently been unproductive till within a few years. Under its present efficient management the road has been completely reno- vated; and now properly takes rank among the leading southern pro- jects. It traverses a fertile and productive region, and has a large local business. It occupies an important position to the great through line of travel between the North and the South. Travellers from Mo- bile and New Orleans can reach Montgomery by steamboat, at nearly all seasons of the year. From that point the line of travel is carried forward to the Boundary line of Georgia, by the above railroad. From West Point to the Georgia roads the distance is less than 100 miles; and this link will shortly be supplied by the Atlanta and Lagrange railroad. The route of the Montgomery and West Point railroad is identical with that of a great line of travel, and is already in possession of a large through business, which will be much increased by the pro- egress of southern railroads. It may be here stated, that it is proposed to connect the last portion of this road with Columbus, so as to form a junction with the Muscogee railroad. Such an improvement would constitute the Montgomery and West Point road the trunk of two great eastern lines. It is also proposed to extend a line of railroad from Montgomery to Mobile. Although there can be no doubt of the ulti- mate realization of this last project, it is not yet sufficiently matured to demand further notice. MISSISSIPPI. Population in 1830, 136,621; in 1840, 375,651; in 1850, 600,555. Area in square miles, 47,156; inhabitants to square mile, 12.86. The only important work in operation in Mississippi.is the Southern railroad, extending from Vicksburg to Brandon, a distance of about sixty miles. This, like the Montgomery and West Point railroad, was one of the early projects of the South, and has experienced a similar history. By the original plan it was proposed to make this part of a line extending through the States of Mississippi and Alabama to Geor- gia, and, in connexion with the roads of that State, to the Atlantic. As was the case with so many southern roads, the scheme proved a failure. It is, however, reviving under circumstances that promise full success. As already seen, a greater part of the Alabama portion is either completed or in progress; and operations are about to be commenced upon the unfinished Mississippi section. When com- pleted, this line will prove a work of great public utility. There is none in the country for which there is greater apparent necessity. The whole route traverses one of the richest planting districts in the south; and as the people on its line can readily furnish the necessary means, its early construction is not to be doubted. 292 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Of the proposed lines in this State the most important is the New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern, by means of which the city of New Or- leans aims at opening a communication with the roads im progress in the southern and western States. The proposed northern terminus of this great work is Nashulle, the-capital of the State of Tennessee. The length of the road will be about five hundred miles. It is regarded with especial favor by the people of New Orleans, and is one of the great works by which that city proposes to restore to herself a trade which has in a measure been lost; to turn again the tide of western commerce in her favor; and to develop the immense resourees of an extensive region of country, to the commerce of which she may justly lay claim. ‘The magnitude of this project is well suited to the great- ness of the objects sought to be accomplished. After a long period of supineness, the city of New Orleans is at last fully awakened; and as an evidence of the interest already excited, and an earnest of fu- ture efforts, she has subscribed $2,000,000 to the stock of the above road, and is adopting the most vigorous and effective measures to se- cure its early construction. With the assistance offered by New Or- leans, the people on the line of the road can readily furnish the balance necessary for the work. It traverses a region of great wealth and pro- ductiveness, the imhabitants of which are alive to the importance of the work, and stand ready to contribute freely whatever may be required of them. ‘When the great interest that the city of New Orleans has at stake in the success of the above work, and the local means that can be brought to bear upon it, are considered, its early construction eannot be doubted. ‘The route is remarkably favorable, and the road can be built, for a greater part of the distance, at the minimum cost of southern roads. The line of this road has not been definitely located, but will probably pursue a pretty direct course by way of Jackson and Aber- deen, Mississippi, and Florence, Alabama. The next great line in the State is the Mississipp: Central, extending from Canton in a northerly direction, and passing through Holly Springs. to the State line of ‘Tennessee. ‘Thence it is proposed to extend it to Jackson, in the latter State, there to form a junction with the Mobile and Ohio roady and the proposed line from Louisville, Kentucky, to Memphis. At Canton it will unite with a road now in progress to Jackson, and, in connexion with this short link, will constitute the legitimate extension, northward, of the New Orleans and Jackson line. Although the work of construction has not yet commenced, ample means have already been provided by the counties, and the wealthy planters upon its line. The object of the road is to open an outlet for the rich cotton lands traversed by it, which are now deprived of all suitable means of sending their products to a market. Whenever rail- roads are constructed in the south, they diminish so largely the cost of transportation, and consequently increase the profits of the planter, that a necessity is imposed upon other districts to engage m their construc- © tion, as the means of competing successfully with those in possession of such works. The above road, with its connecting links, will constitute an import- ant line of through travel between New Orleans and the northern States. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 293 Another road of considerable importance is proposed through the northern part of the State, commencing at Memphis, Tennessee, and passing through Holly Springs and the northern tier of counties to the Tennessee river. One of its leading objects is the accommodation of a very rich and productive planting district. The line of the Memphas and Charleston road will also traverse a small portion of the northeast- ern corner of the State. LOUISIANA. Population in 1830, 215,739; in 1840, 352,411; im 1850, 517,739. Area in square miles, 46,431; inhabitants to square mile, 11.15. The State of Louisiana, having in the Mississippi river a convenient channel not only for the trade and travel of its own people, but for opening to them the interior commerce of the country, has neither at- tempted nor accomplished much in works of artificial improvement. Before railroads were brought into use, the river afforded the best known mode ef transportation, both for persons and property, and long habit had preduced a conviction that it could not be superseded by any other channels or routes of commerce. No representations could awaken the people of New Grleans to a sense of the importance of fol- lowing the example of other cities, and of strengthening their natural position, by artificial works, till a diminished trade—the result of the works of rival communities—rendered the necessity of undertaking similar improvements too apparent to be longer delayed. Although the projects of the northern and eastern States, by which they sought to reach the trade of the Mississippi basin, had been only partially ac- complished, yet the influence which they exerted, even im their infancy, in diverting the commerce of that great valley from its xatwral and ac- customed channels, has been so marked and decided, that, for a few years past, the trade between New Orleans and the distant portions of the great valley has diminished—at least has not increased—notwith- standing the rapid increase of the West in population and production. Such a fact was too startling not to arouse the whole community to a sense of the necessity of taking the proper steps to avert a calamity threatening the loss of their trade and commercial importance; and the people of New Orleans are now taking the most efficient measures to repair the consequences of their neglect, and are busily engaged in the prosecution of two great works, by means of which they propose to reéstablish and retain the hold they once had upon the trade of the Mississippi valley. The leading project now engaging the attention of the people of Loui- siana, and particularly those of New Orleans, is the New Orleans and Nashville railroad, by constructing which they propose to connect them- selves not only directly with a region of country capable of supplying the largest amount of trade, but with the numerous railroads now in progress in the south and west. The length of this road will not be far from 500 miles. It will traverse, as is well known, a very fertile 294 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON and productive region, and at its northern terminus will be brought into communication by railroad with every portion of the country. It is believed that this road will exert a ‘strong counteracting influence to the efforts now made to draw off the trade of the Mississippi valley to- ward other cities. ‘The whole line is now under survey, and will be placed under contract as soon as practicable, when the work of con- struction will be urged forward with the greatest possible dispatch. The other leading project, dividing the attention of the State with that described, is the New Orleans and Opelousas railroad. 'The object of this road is to accommodate the trade and travel of the country traversed, and eventually to form the trunk of two other great lines ; one extending into Texas, with the expectation that it will eventually be carried across the continent to the Pacific; and the other in a northerly direction, through Arkansas, to St. Louis. These extensions, however, form no part of the present project, which is limited to the territory of the State. The route of this road traverses the great sugar-producing district of Louisiana, from which transportation to a market, on account of the impossibility of constructing good earth-roads, involves a heavy ex- pense and great delay. For the immense products of this portion of the State, the road will constitute a suitable outlet in the convenient direction of trade. The work of construction will be commenced im- mediately, as ample means are prepared for this purpose. The above are the two leading works of the State, and alone require particular description. Most of the projects that will be constructed within the State, for some years to come, will probably be based upon the above lines. The influence which railroads are calculated to exert upon the com- merce, and in this manner upon the public sentiment of a community, has been remarkably illustrated in the present condition of the trade of New Orleans; and in the extraordinary revolution which a conviction of the necessity of these works, as a means of maintaiming their pros- perity and commerce, has effected in the politcal organization of that city and the State. So long as commerce was confined entirely to natural channels, New Orleans occupied a position possessing greater advantages than any other city on this continent. She held the key to the commerce of its largest and most productive basin, watered by rivers which afford 50,000 miles of inland navigation. This basin is now the principal producing region of those articles which form the basis of our foreign and domestic commerce. The ability, therefore, to monopolize this trade, will be the test of commercial supremacy among numerous competitors. Before the con- struction of artificial channels, New Orleans enjoyed a natural monopoly of the trade of the Mississippi valley. But it has already been demon- strated that in the United States natwral channels of commerce are insufficiently matched against those of an artificial character. The progress of the latter has already made serious inroads upon a trade, to which the merchants of New Orleans formerly supposed they had a prescriptive right. ‘There can be no doubt that this trade is to be “turned toward the eastern cities, unless it can be restored to its old routes by the construction of channels better suited to its wants than COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 295 the Mississippi river and its tributaries. As already stated, the people neither of New Orleans, nor of the State, could be induced to act tll the danger to be averted became imminent. But as, in the southern States, works of the magnitude proposed cannot be executed by private enterprise, it was found, so far as Louisiana was concerned, that neither the credit of the State, nor that of the city of New Orleans, could be made available to the works proposed; that of the State from a consti- tutional inhibition, and that of the city because it had already been dis- honored. Under these circumstances, it was felt that the first step to be taken was to remove the disability on the part of the State, and to restore the credit of the city to a point at which it could be made avail- able for the carrying out of plans designated to promote its growth and prosperity. Both objects have already been accomplished. The con- stitution of the State has been remodelled, so as to permit extension of aid to railroad projects. A much greater change has been effected, as far as New Orleans itself is concerned. Up to a recent period that city was divided into three municipalities, each having a distinct political organization. Each of these municipalities had contracted large debts, the payment of which had been dishonored. ‘Their credits, of course, could not be made available for any works of improvement. It was seen that the proper and only course for the accomplishment of the results aimed at, was to consolidate the different organizations into one body, and pay off old habilities by new loans resting upon the credit of the whole city. All this has been effected. ‘The result has been magical. The credit of the city has been completely restored. The new loan, to pay off outstanding liabilities, commanded a handsome premium, and the city is now in a position to extend efficient aid to her » proposed works. As the loss of her business and her credit could be directly traced to the indifference with which she regarded all works of internal improvement, she proposes to restore both by calling to her assistance all the agencies supplied by modern science in aid of human efforts and in the creation of wealth. In addition to the recent loan of $2,000,000 referred to, the city has voted $2,000,000 in aid of the New Orleans and Nashville, and $1,500,- 000 to the New Orleans and Opelousas roads. These sums will proba- ° bly be increased, should it be found necessary to the accomplishment of their objects. Both works are to be pushed forward with all the dispatch called for by the exigencies demanding their construction. ‘There are two or three short roads in operation in this State, of a local character, and other lines are projected; but they are not suffi- ciently matured to call for particular notice in this report. TEXAS. Population in 1850, 212,592. Area in square miles, 237,321; in~ habitants to square mile, 0.89. | The State of Texas has been too recently settled to allow time for the construction of extensive lines of railroad. It must, however, soon become an active theatre for the progress of these works, which are 296 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON not only very much needed, but for which the topographical features of the State are favorable. The surface of the greater part of it con- sists of level, open prairies, which can be prepared for the superstruc- ture of railroads at a slight expense. ‘The soil is of great fertility, capa- ble of producing large quantities of sugar and cotton, which must ulti- mately be forwarded over railroads to market, from the absence of navigable rivers. The most prominent projects, at the present time, occupying the atten- tion of the people of this State, are the proposed road from Galveston to the Red river, and the extension westward of the New Orleans and Ope- fousas railroad. 'The line of the former of these extends from Galveston in a generally northern direction, between the Brazos and Trinity rivers, to the Red river, which forms the northern boundary of the State. It will be about four hundred miles long. Through its whole length it traverses a fertile region, well adapted to the culture of cotton. This portion of Texas is entirely wanting in any natural! outlet for its products. It already contains a large and thriving population, capable of supply- ing a lucrative trafic to a road. ‘Towards this projeet the State has made a grant of lands equal to 5,000 acres per mile of road, and will, if necessary, extend farther aid. These lands are a gratuity to the company constructing the road. Measures are now in progress which will probably result in placing the whole of this important work under contract. When completed it will prove of great benefit to the people upon its route, and to northern Texas; will add a large area to the available cotton-producing district of the South, and will greatly increase the commercial importance of Galveston, the principal seaport of the State. The other work referred to traverses the State from east to west, connecting at its eastern terminus with the New Orleans and Opelousas road. The above is proposed, not only as an outlet for the trade and commerce of the central portion of the State, but as part of a great line of railroad connecting the Gulf of Mexico with the Pacific. It is claimed that through Texas is to be found the appropriate hne for such a work. Should such prove to be the fact, the proposed lime will coin- cide with the route of the national road, as far as the territory of Texas is concerned. Apart, however, from all considerations of its becoming a portion of the Pacific project, the necessity for a railroad traversing the State from east to west is so urgent, that its speedy construction may be considered certain. No State in the Union is making more rapid progress than Texas, and the lapse of time will surely bring with it all the improvements we find in older States. The value of such works is fully appreciated, and there is every disposition to encourage their construction by liberal grants of land, of which the State holds vast bodies. The only re- maiuing work in progress in the State is the Buffalo, Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado road, extending from Harrisburg, on Buffalo bayou, to the Brazos river, a distance of thirty-two miles. The object of this road is to divert the trade of that river to Galveston bay. This trade has already become important, and the above work will open for it an out- let in a convenient direction to the principal seaport of the State. There are numerous other projects engaging the attention of the peo- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 297 ple in various portions of the State; but there are none, except those described, of which the direction and objects are sufficiently de- fined, to fall within the scope of this notice. When the great area of Texas, the favorable character of its territory for the construction of railroads, its resources, and the dense population it will soon contain, are taken into consideration, there can be no doubt that it will, ere long, become an active theatre of railroad enterprise and success.’ In addition to those named, the following projects are attracting more or less attention throughout the State, viz: 1. The Texas Western railroad, to run from Corpus Christi to such points on the Rio Grande as may be deemed expedient, in.the direction of El Paso. 2. The Golhad and Aransas Bay railroad. 3. The Lavaca railroad, to run up Guadalupe valley. 4. The San Antonio and Mexican Gulf railroad, to run from some point on the coast between Galveston and Corpus Christi to San An- tonio. 5. The Brazos and Colorado railroad, from Austin to Galveston bay. 6. The Henderson and Burkville road, from Burkville to Henderson. 7. The Vicksburg and Austin City road. 8. The Vicksburg and El Paso road in about 22° latitude. ARKANSAS. Population in 1830, (Territory,) 30,388; in 1840, 97,574; in 1850, 209,639. Area in square miles, 52,198; mhabitants to square mile, 4.0]. This State has heretofore been regarded as too remote, and too thinly settled, to become the theatre of railroad enterprises. A number of important projects, however, are now attracting great attention and interest among her people. The leading of these are the proposed road from Little Rock to the Mississippi river, opposite Memphis, with a branch to Helena; a road from Little Rock to Shreveport, on Red river ; and the line running from St. Louis to New Orleans. The pro- jects are rapidly assuming a definite shape. The want of a dense population, and consequently of means for the execution of enterprises of magnitude, may, for the present, delay the construction of roads in this State ; but, as in other western States, they will follow close upon the wants and the ability of the people of Arkansas to construct them. TENNESSEE. Population in 1830, 681,904; in 1840, 829,210; in 1850, 1,002,625. Area in square miles, 45,600 ; inhabitants to square mile, 21.98. The remarks by which the notice of the Kentucky improvements is prefaced are appropriate to those of Tennessee. The early projects of this State were equally unfortunate ; they shared a similar fate, 298 ' ANDREWS’ REPORT ON and produced the same results, so far as the public mind was con- cerned, It required the same efforts to restore to the people of the State confidence in their ability to execute these works, and arouse the public mind to a sense of their value. This object has been fully ac- complished. An elaborate system has been devised, adapted to the wants of every portion of its territory, and toward the construction of it the State guaranties a credit to the amount of $8,000 per mile, for the purchase of iron and equipment, upon the condition that the companies prepare the road-beds, and defray all other charges of construction. ‘The State retains a lien upon the whole property, as security for the amount advanced. The companies embraced in the internal improvement act are the following: The Chattanooga and Charleston, the Nashville and Northwestern, the Louisville and Nash- ville, the Southwestern, the McMinnville and Manchester, the Memphis and Charleston, the Nashville and Southern, the Mobile and Ohio, the Nashville and Memphis, the Nashville and Cincinnati, the East Ten- nessee and Virginia, the Memphis, Clarksville, and Louisville, and the Winchester and Alabama railroads—making, in the aggregate, about 1,000 miles of line. This act is believed to be judicious on the part of the State, as it will secure the construction of most of the projects coming within its provisions, without the risk of loss. By the use of the credit of the State, railroad companies will be enabled to save a large sum in discounts and commissions, which other roads are com- pelled to pay, upon the sale of their own securities. The most prominent road in the State, at the present time, is the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, connecting the above places by a line of 151 miles. Chattanooga is already connected by railroad with the cities of Charleston and Savannah. About 100 miles of the above road are completed, and it is expected that by the first of January next the Tennessee river will be reached, and that the whole line will be completed in a few months after that event. The above road is the appropriate extension of the Georgia and South Carolina lines into the Mississippi valley, to which it opens an outlet on the southern Atlantic coast. For the want of other lines of com- munication, the Mississippi river and its branches have been the outlet of the trade of Tennessee. The completion of the roads now in pro- gress will liberate this trade from the long circuit it has been compelled to take, by way of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, to market, and bring it in direct communication with its best customers, the cotton producing portions of the southern States. The road is important, not only for the reasons stated, but as a con- necting link between two great systems of railroad occupying the northern and southern States. At Chattanooga and Winchester this road will connect with the railroads of Charleston, Georgia, and Ala- bama. Its northern terminus, Nashville, is the radiating point of a number of important roads, all of which will soon be in progress, ex- tending towards Cincinnati, Louisville, Evansville, and the Mississippi river. This road has communicated a new impulse; and, in fact, it may be said to have given birth to most of the important projects mm progress in the central portion of the State. It constitutes the channel of com- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. : 299 munication with other roads, and supplies them with necessary outlets and connexions; without which there would be no sufficient induce- ment to warrant their construction. It has been prosecuted with vigor and energy, and its affairs have been managed with an ability that has contributed not a little to raise the confidence of the southern people in their capacity to undertake and prosecute successfully railroad enter- prises. Railroads in East Tennessee-—The eastern portion of the State of Tennessee has no geographical connexion with the rest of the State, and its railroad projects make up no part of the general system. ‘The most important of these projects are the East Tennessee and Georgia, and East Tennessee and Virginia roads. Together they traverse the entire State from north to south, by a line of about 240 miles, of which 15 miles lie within the State of Georgia. East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad.—This road commences at Dalton, and is completed to Loudon, on the Tennessee river, a distance of 80 miles. It is in progress to Knoxville, its northern terminus, a farther distance of 30 miles, making the whole length of its line 110 miles. This was one of the early projects of the South, under the title of the Hiwassee railroad, which broke down after the expenditure upon it of a large sum. A few years since it was recommenced under new auspices, and has been carried forward successfully to its present termination. East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad.—The line of this project com- mences at Knoxville, where it will form a junction with the road above described, and extend in a northeasterly course to the Virginia State line, a distance of 130 miles. Here it will meet the Virginia and Ten- nessee railroad. ‘The entire line of the former is under contract, to be ready for the iron as soon as the connecting roads shall be opened. The line of the East Tennessee and Virginia road could not be brought into profitable use, and would, in fact, hardly be accessible without the opening of the connecting roads above referred to. In addition to the general provisions of the State, in aid of railroads, the sum of $300,000 was granted to this road for the purpose of building several expensive bridges. It is believed that the work will be completed within three years from the present date. The above roads traverse a very fertile, but comparatively secluded portion of the country. In addition to its agricultural resources, it is rich in the most valuable minerals. Its great distance from market has proved a serious obstacle to its prosperity ; but, with the avenues which the above roads will supply, it must soon become one of the flourishing portions of the country, and the seat of a large manufacturing, as well as an agricultural interest. | The above roads derive their chief public consideration from their con- nexion with the great national line which has been already described, and of which they form an important link. This great line will form the shortest and most direct route between Mobile and New Orleans, and the North; and must consequently become one of the most im- portant routes of travel in the whole country. The lower part of this line will undoubtedly be connected with Chattanooga by a short branch, giving connexion with the roads intersecting at that point. 300 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON’ The Tennessee and Alabama road is a work of much consequence, as it will be connected with the Nashville and Chattanooga road at Winchester, with the Memphis and Charleston at Huntsville, and with the Alabama and Tennessee at Gunter’s Landing. From Winchester to Huntsville the distance is about 46 miles. For this distance the whole line is under contract, and well advanced towards completion. From Winchester a road is also in progress to McMinnville, a distance of about 35 miles. From this point it is proposed to extend a railroad northerly, through Central Tennessee, by way of Sparta, for the pur- pose of forming a junction with the southern extension of the Lexing- ton and Danville railroad by way of Burkesville, Kentucky. Thisisa project entitled to State aid. It will be seen that, with its connexions, it would form a direct route for a railroad between the northern and southern States. Another proposed line, radiating from Nashville, is the Nashville and Northwestern railroad, extending from that city to the Mississippi river, near the northwestern angle of the State. This project also is entitled to State aid, and is regarded as essential to the system which Tennessee has proposed for herself. Its line traverses an excellent region of country, and would furnish an outlet for it in the direction either of Nashville or of the Mississippi river. ‘The portion of this line towards Nashville is an expensive one; and this fact may, for the present, delay the com- mencement of the work. The internal improvement act of the State contemplates the con- struction of three roads extending from Nashville in southern and south- western directions—the Nashville and Southern, the Nashville and Southwestern, and the Nashville and Memphis roads. Of these the first-named has made the most progress, its route being under survey preparatory to placing it under contract. It is intended to make this road a portion of the New Orleans and Nashville line. Its line tra- verses one of the best portions of the State, able to supply abundant means for the work, and its construction may be regarded as beyond any reasonable doubt. ! The Nashville and Southwestern road will probably extend from Nashville to the bend. of the Tennessee river. For a portion of the distance, this and the Nashville and Southern may be united in one trunk line. At the Tennessee river the above road will form a junction with the Mobile and Ohio road, and, through this, with the Memphis and Charleston road. By means of these connexions continuous lines of railroad will be formed, uniting Nashville with Memphis, New Or- leans, and Mobile. The Nashville and Memphis road will take a more westerly direc- tion than either of the two last named. Its object, in addition, to the accommodation of the local traffic upon its route, is to open the shortest practicable communication between the capital of the State and its principal commercial town. The construction of this road is believed to be demanded on the considerations above stated. Its proposed line traverses a very excellent section, capable of affording a large trade ; and the city of Memphis must always remain the entrepét of a large portion of the merchandise imported into the State, and the point to COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 301 which must be forwarded a large amount of its surplus products de- signed for exportation. ; The Nashville and Louisville road is a very important work, and will be more particularly described with the roads of the State of Kentucky, a comparatively small portion only of the line of this road being in Tennessee. For this project sufficient means for construction have been provided, and the work is to be immediately placed under contract. The line of the Mobile and Ohio railroad traverses Western Ten- nessee from north to south, and will supply valuable accommodations to that portion of the State. This road may be regarded as an Alabama project, and has been particularly described in the notice of the roads of that State. The Tennessee division is immediately to be placed under contract, and as it runs through a rich planting district, abundant means can be readily raised for its construction, in addition to the State appropriation. The proposed Memphis, Clarksville, and Louisville railroad is another important project in West Tennessee. It will probably intersect the Louisville and Nashville road at Bowling Green, Kentucky. In con- nexion with the latter, a very direct line of road will be formed be- tween Memphis and Louisville, which will constitute a convenient avenue from the former city, in a northeasterly direction, and which will become a leading route of travel in the southwestern States. It traverses a fertile section of country, capable of supplying a lucrative traffic. It is probable that this road may be constructed as a branch of the Louisville and Nashville road. KENTUCKY. Population in 1830, 687,917; in 1840, 779,828; in 1850, 982,405. Area in square miles, 37,380 ;* inhabitants to square mile, 26.93. This State commenced, some years since, a system of improvement founded principally upon the plan of rendering navigable her principal rivers—the Green, Licking, and Kentucky. Although large sums were expended upon these works, they have, with the exception of the im- provements on the Green river, proved of little value. ‘They are almost entirely unremunerative, as far as their tolls are concerned; although the Green river improvements have been of great advantage to the country traversed by it, in the outlet they have opened to a market. As a system they have proved a failure, and all idea of the prosecution of works of a similar kind has long since been abandoned. Railroads of Kentucky. Lousville and Lexington railroad.—The only railroad in operation in the State is the line from Louisville to Lexington—made up of the ‘Louisville and Frankfort and Frankfort and Lexington roads. These roads were commenced at an early period in the railroad history of the country: and it has been only after repeated efforts and failures that §02 * ANDREWS’ REPORT ON |! they have been recently completed. The projects shared the fate of all the pioneer western roads, having been abandoned, and their com- pletion postponed for many years after they were commenced. The length of these roads is 93 miles, and the cost about $2,500,000. The disastrous results which attended the enterprises referred to exerted a most injurious effect upon the public mind of the State. Discouraged by the failures which had been sustained, the people became almost indifferent to the subject of internal improvements, except so far as the construction of Macadamized roads was concerned, for the number and excellence of which the State is justly celebrated. When the public mind of the West was again turned to the subject of railroad construc- tion, it was with the utmost difficulty that the people of Kentucky could be convinced of the importance of these works, or induced to take any steps toward their construction. ‘The losses suffered on ac- count of the Louisville and Frankfort, and Frankfort and Lexington railroads, were fresh in mind; and the people distrusted the success of the new projects from experience of the old. The example of the neighboring States, whose success in their recent efforts demonstrated the capacity of the West not only to build railroads, but to supply a lucrative trafic to them, and the rapid progress of those regions of country enjoying the advantages of these works, gradually inspired confidence, and aroused the people to action; and the State of Ken- tucky is now one theatre of the most active efforts to secure the con- struction of railroads. Every part of the State is fully alive to the subject, and its surface will soon be as thickly checkered with lines as are the States of Ohio and Indiana. The leading lines in the State, now in progress, are— 1. The Louisville and Nashville raitroad.—The line of this road will be about 180 miles long. Its route has been determined, and will pass through a very fertile portion of the State, capable of supplying an immense traffic to a railroad, and entirely wanting in suitable outlets to markets, excepting that portion of the rgute near Bowling Green. The connexions it will form will be of sufficient importance to give the work a national character, as it will probably be the most conspicuous connecting link between the roads of the two extremes of the confed- eracy. ‘The road is to be placed immediately under contract; and as ample means are already provided for this purpose, its construction, at the earliest practicable period, may be set down as certain. A very important branch from the above road—exceeding in length even the main trunk—is the proposed Memphis, Clarksville, and Louis- ville road, which has already been described under the head of “ 'Ten- nessee.” This road will probably leave the Nashville and Louisville road at Bowling Green. It will be seen that the two would form a very direct line between Louisville aud Memphis. 'The Memphis extension is regarded with great favor by the people of Louisville, and by the friends of the Louisville and Nashville projects. As a large portion o the proposed extension is embraced in the State of Tennessee, it will come in for the State aid; and asit traverses a rich section of country, and will receive the efficient support of Louisville, there can be no doubt of its speedy construction. Another line of road proposed, for the purpose of connecting Cin- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE: 303 cinmnati with Nashville, and attracting much attention in central and southern Kentucky, is composed of the Covington and Lexington line, through the towns of Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Gallatin, 'Ten- nessee. A reference to the annexed map will at once show the import- ant relation it bears to the railroad system of the whole country. The city of Nashville is to be the centre of a great southern system of rail- roads radiating in every direction toward all the leading southern cities situated on the Atlantic coast and the gulf. In a few months this city will be in direct communication, by railroad, with the cities of Savan- nah and Charleston. Roads are also in progress to Mobile and New Orleans, to various points on the Mississippi, and to other portions of the State. The city of Louisville will be no less favorably situated, with reference to the railroads of the northern and eastern States. On the north and west, the New Albany, and Salem and Jeffersonville roads, will open a communication with the roads of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and with the leading cities of all these States. On the east, the line of railroad to Lexington will connect with all the railroads radi- ating from that point, some of which will open outlets to the eastern States, and to the great Atlantic markets. The cost of this road will amount to about $5,000,000. Sufficient means have been already provided to warrant its construction. The city of Louisville has subscribed to its stock to the amount of $1,000,000, and the counties on its line have taken stock with equal liberality. The route traversed by this road runs through one of the most fertile and densely settled portions of the State. The Covington and Lexington, and Danville and Nashville—The two first links, having an aggregate length of 136 miles, are already in progress. Active measures are in progress to secure the necessary means for the last. This route will pass through Glasgow, an import- ant town in southern Kentucky. 'The upper portion of this line may be made the trunk of two important branches, one extending nearly direct in a southerly course through the State of Tennessee, (taking the towns of Sparta and Winchester in its route,) to Huntsville, Alabama, where it will form a junction with the Memphis and Charleston road ; thence it will be extended to Gunter’s Landing, in order to connect with the Alabama and Tennessee river road. ‘The portion of this line from Winchester, south, is already in progress. ‘The Tennessee division is embraced in the general facility bill. At Winchester, this line will have a southeasterly outlet, by means of the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad. The other branch referred to is the proposed road to be constructed through southeastern Kentucky and eastern Tennessee, to Knoxville, there to connect with the lines of railroad centring at that point. The importance of this route, for a railroad, has always been recognised, and that section now under discussion formed a part of the old Cin- cinnati and Charleston project, which attracted so much attention through the southern and western States many years since, and which has been referred to in another part of this report: Measures are in progress to secure the means for this line. The great obstacle in the way of its immediate construction is the scanty population and want of means on the line of the route. The importance of this link, how- ‘ 4a 304 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ever, to the connexion lines, now on the eve of completion, must se- cure to it such foreign aid as shall be necessary to its success. The next line in order is the Maysville and Lexington railroad. This, though started as a local project, is now proposed as a part of a great through line, connecting the most remote portions of the country. At Lexington it will form a junction with all the lines centring at that point. From its eastern terminus, Maysville, the Maysville and Big Sandy railroad will carry it forward to Portsmouth, on the Ohio river. From the latter place the Scioto and Hocking Valley railroad is in. progress, which pursues, for some fifty miles, the same general direction with the connecting Kentucky line, till it forms a junction with the Hillsboro”and Cincinnati, and Cincinnati and Marietta roads, the former of which is to constitute the extension, westerly, of the Baltimore and Ohio, and the latter of the Pennsylvania Central road. To the mouth of the Big Sandy river, the Maysville and Big Sandy railroad will connect the former with the Virginia Central road, which it is proposed to carry across the mountains, terminating on the Ohio, at this point. These combinations will secure to the Maysville and Lexington road an im- portant place im a great line of railroad, traversing the country from one extremity to the other, in the convenient direction of business and travel. With the exception of the Maysville and Big Sandy road, all the links necessary to this great line are in progress. ‘The Maysville and Lex- ington railroad will probably be opened for business during the year 1853. Lexington and Big Sandy railroad—This proposed road is attract- ing much attention in Kentucky, particularly that portion of the State to be traversed by it. By reference to the accompanying map, it will be seen that it would form a convenient portion of the great line of road just referred to. Measures are in progress to raise the means neces- sary for its construction, with good promise of success. As a local work, it will prove to be of great benefit 1o the country traversed, de- prived as it is of suitable and convenient avenues to market. Henderson and Nashville railroad.—This line is the legitimate exten- sion, southward, of the Wabash Valley railroad. As a connecting link between other reads, a reference to the annexed map will give a better idea of its importance than any description. The southern shore of Lake Michigan will attract to itself all the lines of railroad running from the Gulf of Mexico in a northerly direction. Between this lake and the cities of New. Orleans and Mobile, the great route of travel will prob- ably always be by way of Nashville. The route will, apparently, be the shortest, and most convenient and agreeable to the traveller, whether for business or pleasure. It coincides with the great route through the Wabash valley, and has the advantage of taking in its course the lead- ing commercial towns in the interior of the country. These facts must always attach particular importance to the Henderson and Nashville railroad as a through route, and in this respect it can hardly be ex- ceeded by any road of equal length in the United States. In a local point of view the road is important, and its prospects flattering, as it traverses a region of great fertility, and already distinguished for the extent and value of its productions. A road is also in progress from Louisville to Shelbyville, which may > COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. . 305 eventually be extended to Frankfoit. A road is also proposed from Harrodsburg to Frankfort. Another is projected from Paris, on the Maysville and Lexington road, via Georgetown, to connect with the Louisville and Frankfort railroad, for the purpose of cutting off the de- tour by way of Lexington. The only project remaining to be noted is the Louisville and Cincin- nati road, which is now beginning to attract much attention, not only in the State, but in the above cities. The necessity of the road is daily becoming more and more apparent. Cincinnati and Louisville are soon to become central points in widely extended and distinct systems of roads, extending to the great lakes on the one hand, and to the Gulf of Mexico on the other. The public convenience and the wants of commerce require that this connecting link should be supplied. The travel between the above cities is already great, and is carried almost entirely upon steamboats. The time now occupied by a trip is about twelve hours. The distance by river is 150 miles. By the proposed road it would be reduced to ninety-five miles, and the time to four hours. Active measures are now in progress to provide the necessary means for this work, and to place it under contract. OHIO. Population in 1830, 937,903; in 1840; 1,519,467; in 1850, 1,980,408. * Area in square miles, 39,964; inhabitants to square mile, 49.55. In considering the works of improvement projected in the interior, for the purpose of opening outlets for products, a marked difference is found between such and works constructed by our Atlantic cities for the purpose of securing to themselves the interior trade of the country. Although these last were designed to reach and accommo- date this trade, they took their character and direction rather from the supposed advantage they were to secure to the cities which mainly fur- nished the means for their construction, than from that to the country traversed. As far as practicable, they aimed at a monopoly of all the trade within their reach; but, with roads projected in the interior for the purpose of opening outlets to a market a different principle prevails. The ruling motive in such a case is, so to shape the project as to secure the cheapest access to the best market, or to a choice of markets, and to escape the monopoly which the markets themselves sought to impose. The leading improvements projected in the interior, therefore, often have a more national character, and are constructed with more refer- ence to the wants of the whole community, than those of the East. The value of works facilitating and cheapening transportation can be fully estimated only when they are considered in reference to that portion of our population residing in the interior. As already stated, we have few markets, and those far removed from the great producing regions. ‘The early settler in the western States of necessity engaged in agriculture, and so long as he was without means of forwarding his surplus to a market, the gratification of his wants was limited to what his own hands could supply. The time had not arrived for a diversity ¢ 20 306 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON of pursuits in his own neighborhood, and he was too remote to avail himself of those of the older States. The cost of transportation placed it beyond his means to purchase from abroad, and his surplus was, therefore, comparatively worthless after the supply of his own imme- diate wants. ‘T’hirty years ago, the West offered but few inducements to the settler, as he was compelled to sacrifice all the social and many of the physical comforts afforded in the less fertile, but better settled and richer States of the East. Without variety of industrial pursuits, and without commerce, no amount of surplus could add mugh to his wealth or his means of enjoyment. This portion of the country there- fore advanced very slowly, until the construction of the Erie canal, by which a market was thrown open, and its vast productive capacity ren- dered available. An instantaneous and mighty impulse was imparted to it, under the influence of which all its interests have moved forward with constantly accelerating pace up to the present time. The completion of the Erie canal, in connexion with the great lakes, gave a navigable water line from New York to Chicago, a distance of 1,500 miles, and opened a market to the whole country within reach of this great water line. In order to profit by this outlet, the western States lying upon the lakes immediately commenced the construction of similar works to connect with it the more remote portions of their territory. At that period, canals were regarded as the most approved mode of transportation. Hence the system of internal improvement in the West almost exclusively embraced the construction of canals. The early projects of the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, were, with a very few exceptions, of this character, though their further progress has since been entirely superseded by railroads. In reviewing the public works of the West, the State of Ohio, in some respects, constitutes an appropriate starting point, as she was the first to enter upon, and the only one to execute, what she originally pro- posed. After a severe struggle, her great system of canals was com- pleted, and the result has been to place her immeasurably in advance of all her sister States in wealth, in population, and in general pros- perity. The rapidity of her progress has been the marvel of the coun- try. In avery few years she rose from obscurity to the first rank among her sister States in population, in wealth, in credit, and in con- sideration both at home and abroad. Canals of Ohio. Ohio canai.—This work was commenced in 1825, and was com- pleted in 1832. It extends from Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, to Cleveland, on Lake Erie, a distance of 307 miles. It ascends the val- ley of the Scioto nearly to Columbus, when it takes an eastern direc- tion, striking into the valley of the Muskingum, passing through the towns of Hebron, Newark, Coshocton, New Philadelphia, and Massil- lon, in this valley. Crossing the summit of Akron, it falls into the val- ley of the Cuyahoga river, which it pursues to Cleveland. The highest point in the canal at Akron is 499 feet above the Ohio river at Ports- mouth, 405 above Lake Erie, and 973 above the Atlantic ocean, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 307 The canal is 4 feet deep, 40 wide, has 147 locks, and an aggregate lockage of 1,220 feet. This canal has several branches or navigable feeders, of which the following are the principal: The Columbus branch.—This branch extends from the point at which the canal leaves the Ohio valley to Columbus, a distance of 10 miles. The Lancaster branch.—This is a lateral branch, extending from the main trunk southerly to the town of Lancaster, the capital of Fairfield county, a distance of 9 miles. The Aihens extension or Hocking canal is a prolongation of the Lan- caster branch. It has a southeasterly course through the counties of Fairfield, Hocking, and Athens, to the town of Athens, a distance of about 56 miles. The Zanesville branch, extending from the main canal to the town of Zanesville, on the Muskingum river, a distance of 14 miles, connects it with the Muskingum improvement, by means of which another channel is opened to the Ohio river at Marietta. The Walhonding branch extends from the main canal, near Coshoc- ton, upon the Walhonding river, a distance of 25 miles. The Miami canal.—T his work extends from Cincinnati to Lake Erie, at Manhattan, a distance of 270 miles. 'The principal towns through which it passes are Hamilton, Dayton, Troy, Sidney, Defiance, and Toledo. This last town is generally considered as the northern termi- nus of the canal, although it 1s carried to Manhattan, 4 miles below it. This canal was commenced in 1825, and completed in 1832. It has a width of 40 and a depth of 4 feet; its summit-level is 510 feet above Cincinnati, and 411 feet above Lake Erie, and the number of its locks is 102. This canal, from Lake Erie to the Indiana State line, forms the lower trunk of the Wabash and Erie canal, extending to Evans- ville, on the Qhio river. There are also connected with this canal in Ohio branch lines measuring 45 miles in length. The following table shows the length and cost of the Ohio canals constructed by the State: Length. Cost. The Cwecana and orancnes..-.. «. ~~ = 4n-.s. a6 « 340 $4,695,203 De UOT CaM ees oe hla 20 607,268 (Me. WMiamcanal and branches... - 2)... ,- 4- 315 7,454,726 Tie pace W dlley CAMA a. 6 as n65 =. wo yeye inn 506 975,480 ‘The Muskingum improvement ....-....-.--. aL 1,627,318 me 827 miles. 15,359,995 In addition to the above works, owned by the State of Ohio, are the following private works: The Sandy and Beaver canal.—This work commences at Bolivar, on the” Ohio canal, and extends to the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Beaver river, a distance of about '76 miles. The cost of this work was about $2,000,000. ) Mlcwcuo tus yersasy ose Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill...... SAMA ARN A Patiet sy %\ dicta ates ata] a eee mater 4 32 Total 2.1. desta reas 50 | 32 CONNECTICUT. | SMITE MEW LIAVEN:... «so > co ce oa cere tienes ee ae belts aay sees “G2 OF ACES Pammrmcienoviaence, ang Fishkill J. lo. soc. ee ce'e cue wc ee eieseve eet 50 | 96 RAE IMICE 1 oi anlais ec lo 0 00 6 sg Svotiancesieatouaraksasmeopene bene rae ite e Bksreveme tec yckene i 98 | svehdhceisen ers UMMM LO UAPET IOI ITEG 11s» wrcse,0.s cuerete im Ciolelerce eisiee ers venareeaieeretae ter oheinicion 10 [ot eeeeeees Naugatuck..... ne gs SS RE Se ee a a ee | 62 [occerceans Mew bagem Canal. ...0s0cssecses Ss fobe Ra ahora? ste eo ota tvoraaeel wie aienoekeceteions Ah Wnt esac ebevelcle, 5» Mewrondon, Willimantic, and, Palmer. fale. Uo Helse oc oie cnrewien eve | 66 | ssi apeaeeiaie els New London and New Haven....... Snails tonahuts leitexepeel Gs levees ‘axe drebiclapemire 50 Ves Sieroter ravers New York and New Haven........¢scoee ECR E ECAR EE Be ie gO 1G > lererdee wee Wormgich and Wrorcester.. ... 0c. ccccscces BP eee avot eve A on Aree B6p + esis o's oesme 92 Philadelphia and Norristown...... A usta it's Oe OOOO DO Ueiinica ocd © 17 SELMA LON MUL AINE IN a s/o) see alate eshele lowe clinic yes a/e)ele)e> s =/re) se =m eefavere 6 PM AGe pata aAMep UT OWME OM co) o:c) ocue opaninieleiel eulatele)@70hin e\oie oe » co slese oraieis 30 Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore... ....2....2e.cccvcessess 98 SPURT NAUMAN atetinte fate (sa) xist nels ale a cis cheteei@esl lols) s)s\slleie\n'o aes 0\e) a (en rarer 25 SammirsallangeMauch Chul. © ccs ciejeiaciciee «sei os « sso «nik a vieleteis | 25 Wintehavensamegyy tle sbarre’, oo .xc's cicralelsiaciole's s'as wo 0 os sisisn cies dare 20 Wi Mima pont aTe EMG seule.) = o\» s sisleyainviace’s o\eo co © 6 vs u's) se/ciwielaten yen 21 IU SUM aa AN toe fy tm ololnistes etoile 6) ute,’e\s\ n'a eo! a 0! eid letsiaimroe/e elie wis (od aes « euatareenereraens 22 Dawa and SUsquenaMnd 2... cece se mde + oe sc oe se se se umen aunt 16 SS AS IEM Wein y APaIW eisisin la se )o)'s (nila) es awa eihale e/enls © lc» os 01 no's ase ojere onieleloners 7 Mo VicsUS WINGY. cin leteieeie sta) ainv\ a @is'e bso wisluieetsys weiss 6 0 0 0\ sic orersimict eaten eme 16 VG Sirre WO IANTIE Siegen nein wai a'e wauelwle aie sig (a(eisis|s « s0o ¢/0 p dae 5 See aw mleatennis 5 RMON AW IA te fale MEN otal adel Calva ie (bite) Sinles'e! ails. A G:F ele sole vie 5 were vateiereck eit aie 5 Chester Valley samivnetes vroue siecle eyinis cb ee ot oes © no us bs 5 nln @ Snimie eael alamo ema Lehigh, Delaware, Schuylkill, and Susquehanna...........ccsecccclecceces oe IMG GLOVO.: «\c swici bameatnisielen ¢ Gieiplmtels/ tain caress eis wre ietaenie sine at ciel ate 5 Miles in progress. eeeeseesee@ ceoeeeeoes eee eee eo ese eee eee eae eeeee COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 347 PENNSYLVANIA—Continued. Roads. Miles in | Miles in , operation. | progress. Beaver Meadow....- See PSS ANSI 6 SO ae Lees 6% Sete 12 ER Cae Worm ane Cumberland. 1.1.2 vo fee hele See e'e's PPP He artes nthe DAnO MIRE 33 s Sunbury and Erie...........6+ TC Rah io a ro nae it ok 240 Tiackawala atid’ Western. «i... 2 cc's s vie eee 0 eb e'e'es aialSranatcverea’ee's's 50 LG NURS Catawissa, Williamsport, and Hrie.......eesseeeeeeees Meotd otae Swlsiaete eis's Bao tee 93 Delaware and Susquehanna......cscesesesesecs Glos a's alle SS ECO Cin MEER Beens 48 Philadelphia and Westchester........ Aierioo Daomcnor Ser eraleeleleierallatsyolaayn eet 25 Pennsylvania Coal Company... ..-seeeseececceccseccccecsecerens ie Wl ereintaurs =e ve Peerage. - 8 oo 5 oc owns ae ono om bios aie belaloley oleifaleivesice sees os st balicie ai selec cree 78 Allegheny Valley......cccreccccccccccsccevereccessscenssecseensleaseseencs 180 MRSC DEAMCIIoL sce co cecaceceesccsiace ss Silene eeras Se ciee aie |? lamar is we Hanover bravchi. ... «026s. BTS cis yeas Oe OOO CCE Ene #3) os wl ok leat York and Wrightsville.......... sealcren orale cee steeats ihe Stilo Sree wietee toa iwiaks dS OE ERP ee eae Lancaster and Harrisburg ... 2... cccccccccccccsscessercsnasccces SH EE 2S MIS MEHATING «0 alejs.0 0», o.0.40's «s2 0.0.0 Sng sO Oe rn Oo Don OOo eben saat aoce 4 50 Pittsburg and Steubenville... ......crcccccccvccccsscccescsearsecsslesccssccee 42 Se Sunt Gre it Pat Cane stare oleic fale « 6 atepe wear OG oa’ dlp Slcavalceons : PUGEURGASEL ue © Sadie oe 5 EE eS Ge Ent ee Eee nee | 18 5 ous iatapeere ee Werte lye Sra Sore (aca auaincapeyes Sia elasdateieiaie ater eapel Ao hed 915 DELAWARE. Pine Oastie ANG MP TeCnChtOWN << os so.s.s.0 5.56 ore os en a deleivrc e's alsiaueiete sl exert | Ge ee oes wie Wilmington branch.........4. Ssiceien ¢ soo cb poreemes oc “conddpad rnted Alcs 11 Patal veo sepeukes ney ry: | 16 | u MARYLAND. Annapolis and Elkridge........ So bomordooCe See patenein ate tatcerale eres | 2 Mihaela cuca ° Baltimore and Ohio......... amide Me tatent a veNehgie is bRohanetcebebsman ena | 304 75 Washington branch........eeeeee oe ood Sona. atalele'etetate SO LONER Bitar tes Reeders VAG sk srsek sieled 8% whos See SES FS SSS 4 AHS EES | S UBS Aes q Baltimore and Susquehanna...... S50 Puree foc iehaaheles see Sie MPO Se. Vest nEMSteD brantGlye o's 4/6 2% o'sk s 6 s'a'sd S a%e'e's wren b ene eee ea TO. 1h, VOI A a, ee ae 1 canes en Bere | 75 VIRGINIA. Ricnnrand airy aniyalle meres ss Se aie Serko 8 odo BSS SS SOE 65 75 Richmond and Petersburg.......... modo ceeocbuade oosnssoc ens ete cletalerseteee = oe RSE ALUE chunelaeroictarelanonerane atcheakeyafatovse syevellevialodNwta)-at wiscare wieabereiallatelvatal ee cue ONS Shp niat etnccietoneeiaxe 3 EEE LAs PSE a tare caliavnlarbisneatiar ara vayets Benseee aren cy Siaicwavaveyehaisccieieier ovansetewrs acwmndigintie 50 60 Diaaasses Gages nto csc e sie/e ot oe bt Datetetel mies areola ise 5 ote otentais tel aiam ieverenal ciate sta) s\ ake 75 Pecermsure and iWoanoke, . 2c. 4 cess tee Seb ae lide a Sond Sop ta no moe Ue ull aise Ahn iain Pee are aii Epeanelces oo ie RR eENEE LS: 5 bes ‘obileie as OR EEN (eh canal (| PRP renee SAUL TDA peices ech Sire ie a i as ti gle I i a EB a Sn eeeiene os Write Hester dinieeotomiates s cl-S cee bse ese bs obs bt ede dl ela’s ae ae en vhes sasvactaie le ; Wireents Centrafnctudine Blue Ridee. 6... so) oes voc vl aenc coe 104 75 Mermerge oud Cemaicrs. 20. te eee ene: 5s book's s'ck'e esate 0% ores 50 155 Grawe ind Alexaddtides «= fines cette Sais o's sc o's'e + Goce bis se 0's 005 eoee 40 50 Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac .........0cesesccesses ae THORS Must asd eeeucus a le Preemie aad FOANUWE..! cts ne Stee tists OWE 3's log Soile(n Su ale a else bes OP AG eae . GEE SHUI, oan arene eee a ST eis © aioe a ordi a a bide ¥ie,on@ Ache wags so 8 ae 120 348 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON NORTH CAROLINA. Roads. Miles in | Miles in operation. | progress. Gaston and: Haleaela soiree eeiem «pier clog swine aries owe ae aie ee Shue shee eee wile IW lstinetonr anagVViel dary sore ape iys Joe's o/6hos $y,0j5)4 foe seie 22,2) e inp ahos =< ee 162 ° brian stereiel North Carolina Central........ Bisnis Cpls ere lees Stas oS Be Glee oo ele Antenne Soft 2 223 Weldon amd Gleyelandy, .).\-6 se acerse's mop s.0ik o0'@ pid ee be od oooe 2 oe SS oes 25 Total s @eceeeeseeve @erxvesevesn ees & e ee 949 248 SOUTH CAROLINA. South Caralina 2s « so2s% tee eeet 26.8 t eshte ee SE SOS ERE LZ 2% Q4] oo dis 51 21 ulaiita ANG VV ESUBOIMUL © 5.0 css ec a0-t een eo onre.e.c ale cin dieieio/ eclelaiele(eleitale 52 35 ec MeN ING. CPiele cmlaveucs ojos o.yne a= sy sein wean no\c'e sinew iniosieialleniniale °° 17 csi apa inn le Baton and Milledgeville: . ¢... 50.5 e\sye0.s,0.0 MORO GoE eS Ae eae SUE RE Se Jes dee 20 Wales county Yee occ iepig ices oleae Spon Beebo bon sia + 5,0,s\9 9 <) sp olin’ ejects eeetereneteta 18 LAG NETS [Chec elle VERS BERR Rene onoemmos com daccen eee) Sass: 39 visi’ Sains i NEES NO CRIAN - SEIS SAB Aimer enact Simona) odes Vecakece ja tral ociekaee 21 | 50 Savannah and Pensacola (estimated) ......ceccersccesccesscscsonciense Soren shy ae Brunswick and Pensacola (estimated) ....cc.secscccrccccereccneccleccccceces | 300 aE Nts Alc Rar 857 | 803 FLORIDA. St. Mark’s and Tallahassee........0...se00e “Ein ESO BCE so | 23 psi la ALABAMA. Monimomery and’ West Point: 2:2 502 56 cece ss os o5.8 shee Sates cle 88 | ose Motmlbrand ObiG 00s to's ates ose LRNAes so av Fe oe MO | 30 Plates aun Pemiesseee ee. .2-e Vth cheese be ew Le eRe Stee eee AiatliiarOCentralscin aeteene ds S4054 Sake chs SR%s 25 eee RNR Se ee Memphis and Charleston CRIT AT AR Obes «ss icine ie en MM ECE TO SLA SSe ct ss tess eS REG Ste Ae nee COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 349 MISSISSIPPI. Roads. Miles in | Miles in operation. | progress. Raymond...... cD etis Sarena See ware alind Spee aa cu cris thea G ca Gl Hf SUMAN? e808 no SEs EMICTS AMEN VV OOGUTIEG 6.70) Sel ielete dale tatete Gol sib Selelefeld Gee gael el stale one DB ii cues) wi dWtamro wate apse’ Vicksburg and Brandon .......+..- A FS Td ch btieniatate’ staaidaa a anare bale 60 Ws. Rie reed Re re RMEA EIST o io. a a; oo aren: aisreveiiarre. euaicras e:weneivelerelinia 6. simereie-e.eelse.s.c otic ace 273 Mississippi Central .....e+.es see. Scobh ae han ocacusn gees doer odlogecoccus 180 Canton and Jackson....... PP Seat ie pelts cers sciasis fore eres al Ree Lele Gio ee CERO Si eel che ietlak ule alters 95 New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern.. ..... 20005 -00.ssosccee Rai naunl nets alenal ovel sa 400 HUNG Geil stat ux'aytas seal ea steve ener ey stlotetnval sreuevarcinecsvalete 95 878 LOUISIANA. AUUGEIOULUI cele o ohne es cfs ca ss 00s 0 aaelaie oe eercaibe ne ae ever etate. ete Ate 6 mah Rtontaee & MTT HOPEOnGIUGSON. . cco hs cece cere cc ee cece tee cece deities 24 SS ren bes McA CITLENIAGERATTN sieve les vias cciatec ctise ew ieceee scores oe oreo cuaiciorale ee leuceri tus Gis Wier ys eae e% Weelen Gralla chee ca sees ees SL ae Gate cave see cece ttareeats 1 aes SP ae ese aey *New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern’. .... 2.2.0. cece cc cc tw scene siuecens SOOde CIOS coc.” : New Orleans and Opelousas.........-esecessecee SSAA URD Soa DtiC ngjaidedo clo ae 180 PUSOBALG Vonstorciticie aleioe tevotetseccerclorarisneevanmets oe 63 180 Nashville and Chattanooga........ wis le Biclel cats falatobietetiotets Bp ofotetotstel daa 105 34 East Tennessee and Georgia..... ebaoumagdaoor bos 6 sate eile) chats for oleh 80 30 East Tennessee and Virginia..........- hone iasbebaeheide tote aa Jahode aoa BE dbouobooaue 130 Winchester and Huntsville............. alaetahel eaehohe eieteehd atiolete ms iolatatal oper: srenaeterts 46 Mobile and Ohio..... eptalaitetetefate)aistcletesteto ahs daloto fetal de tolrate te) Aetalletnctotate SIGUE C Uo Ooe 1195 Wasityilla SOURED ss of oo od alce so defo loll cie ie) te ters dato ta'e Gino ooh sooconasoaodasec 100 McMinnville branch .............2- Bid Gatetevats cetes ofa) di chiatietate fol ects coesleces teetarch 30 PROUD foray at celal tite} eisioie wel e aidalerotelal viet shere 185 5093 KENTUCKY. Frankfort and Lexington.......... JOD BSS SAOOBEMN OOS co Hea o6 Sek 29 en eoodee Louisville and Frankfort........ ocybedemeseomuODOmusOC ericieiela’s OCs e Yoomone eleiwia Biaysyitlo, ame Werepe GOs 6 cee cleiee)a cele eoyse (oo) 016 « ose 0.0 4/4/05 0 SoGdiS Ago acar 67 Coyimeton and Wiexmpton. oc. signees ns cc's scone « Seyodree spanetelen stare eater anieice pel 97 Diersn even Leia A GL, MPV Career evelay a atate aValelte ae sie sio\s! sc vies/s eisie/ ats eisiaiaraieiel eve: «.co.e siele's 36 Louisville and Nashville..... ee etalenalieiera rt wt eleirs)/ Ri ene 2 Y fuittle Miami. <6 E ienieteiereies Aiecterevere eiac/eteveb tle lslerere bare tie tenes 84 as 4 paloma ye rer We) AP Rie o: Sota Dosa aea cic aievaniie; see iaxeers Ss wilees Sree ciate areieicveiee Pies aie is 0: sistnieteacusve. x Sandusky and Mansfield... .........escssceccesccees dines enous tempers 56 eles 3 Nu ated Xenia and Columbus...... die Gistraieteace er sere overt nic a levelecaneuckege ovige aeueathe i aaah NR 2 carta n Bellefontaine’and (ndiana. ...¢ <0... 6 0:62 Piatcicteimisnralareteimete a & sins,» cisliejedenaohecarerene 118 Cinemnatiand, Marietta cs s:c1s'0 a0 seis versie e 6 vine oe sis-crs cee ce mele otal GEeaereener renee 965 Cleveland amd | PAGtSDUEM sn /0\aye/0ten iaievollalve\a\in,os/aajajoi>)=1 © os ois Je 6.00'o o1r0, 4 oo ah5) Soueloss | 50 150 Pow du tac and Roek Island Valleys. <5. 5.26. 2» + s+ seins 00's 6 w5/einpsois (kbs are 240 PERU peal sisceie atin: oo Vers 3.6 “ave eve éalaveo deste | 50 390 S52 ANDREWS REPORT ON RECAPITULATION, rR nn emer States. Maine....... sale mete ei cieties eaters A adeaelas See seen genres Be ies 365 Vermont. Ps sce « RT 5 aS Ba Rhos et Rng te pag SA Lee Norae 439 Massachusetts.....e. Oi ah sb Rh lyre, SOL MAL Aby lA Shite te BAY A GP a 1,128 Rhode Island...... PSD Scalar ett ae ah Ae Ue aa ee Ra 50 WGRHACTICUT 2 oct te ako ote eels eloiotc ot anise ete cece Lak ee ste betas 630 NG lors Hee OH nM ne ane et Begs stoteta teats elt Meeemrene New Jersey. .ccecrscccccsccccsseccscecss Soe 'es 00 co slclanle sfowtare's 242 Pennsylvania... .eseesseeseess Ah ea Me tS fic Peace Piri se 1,215 DelaWare ts ccicies Slee sc cere cre NR Me a eee ane A Parity eri 16 Maryland. ....ssseeeeres telat Mette BP cane ete’ SEPA Wt ae 433 Virginia........-- Seiten eat stein alc ce areata Cena ic’ ET ro Ay 624 North Carolina ..:....sseese NE Se © OT OE A a. felts 247 South Carolina...... Ne hea ey ise Mii al Piola Adit ty AW ah ek ae 4 597 Georgia... cee ccceseccccrercccsscsecceces ie RA PM ae se, 857 1 BL Ce SDS PARP Eis Ai a eth Sly ey che ta larche hat ceri Male ie ud Oh Race a 23 Alabama ..%. 3°. . catego it aoe t aA Ae Ml aR dies toll Het tc cee ee 161 Mississippl....e.- Seekeieeeyeyaiarer eke se onnoOAb Ona Davao e be lsiaeiavallstens 95 JGQUISTATI As, cto.6 a ae oo PE karla hpi ee lytA oui Par BoA a gh Ah Aad ag ik ea Sala 63 Texas eeeeesesestesd e@enveeseeseeeooeoe eae SC@esevoeee@e@ee eer @eeeseeeese te eeeieveaee eense oe Tennessee... ....- a Se cates i Se ime HN al andes tice Maca vat Arad NN or RYN aan a 4 185 Kentucky ...cccsscccccrecvccrecasscsccsscsee Giaticheie © elenieielstals 94 WESSOUTE ss /ejere-0vstacne sieutetene Sieane calwyelaiouenccacichenaie reiterate ate Uaneuesncene sialieveces enecarere AN Ohio 2c. 2. Mets eetese A So a Sy ecaa a rstetoets cievetaa ete Oe ieconele caters ue 1,154 Wire lnveeartnls cieiane aetna a © welatetatet cf a¥atsta'ohs/a oles aitifa/fal falls folate fulclictefuleits/e¥sfal 427 Jurdiiania.. 3's.) .2. ogtare « EW SA a Se state Tel oi StS iets © Se Week's WictoreistaleMatel cote 755 Vilntors? ie 6. ec sin Slate te ‘od flo" Yalate to Siete ta tleteterets stole “aRatate,% Weaete rete 296 "Potala bees Miles in ope-} Miles in pro- ration. gress. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 303 Ln CANADA. Area inacres: Canada East, 128,659,684; Canada West, 31,745,535; total, 160,405,219 acres. Population in 1851, 1,842,265. The province of Canada, one of the most extensive, populous, and wealthy offshoots of a colonizing nation, has been justly termed ‘“ the brightest jewel in the Crown of England.” ‘Though stretching in longi- tude from the centre of the continent to the shores of Labrador, and in latitude from the waters which flow into the northern ocean to the par- allel ef Pennsylvania, it derives its importance not so much from great area, diversity of climate, and productions, as from geographical and commercial position. From tide-water upon the St. Lawrence to Lake Superior, this prov- ince adjoins, and even penetrates, so as to divide, one of the most com- mercial as well as important agricultural portions of the United States. The shortest land-route between the heart of New York and Michigan is through the peninsula of Canada West, which embraces one-half the coast of the most commercial body of fresh water on the globe. The “diversity of production”’ ascribed to Canada may at first ap- pear incorrect, inasmuch as the name is associated with the rigors of a northern climate. ‘This mistaken idea originated in the fact that the eastern or historical portion of Canada is foremost in the mind—a part substituted for the whole; while the western or modern section of the province is known only to actual visitors. The romantic narratives of Jacques Carter and Champlain, the early trials and struggles of the Jesuit Fathers, and of Frontenac, De Sales, and others of the old no- blesse of France, with the stirring incidents of the wars of the Algon- quins and Iroquois, have, to the great majority of the people of the United States, been the chief medium of information respecting this, England’s most important colony. It is true that in Eastern Canada there are extremes of climate un- known in the northwestern States. But it will be found that the mean temperature varies but little in the two regions. The intense cold of the winter makes a highway to the operations of the lumberman over and upon every lake and stream, while the earth and the germs of ve- getation are jealously guarded from the injurious effects of severe frost by a thick mantle of snow. The sudden transition from winter to sum- mer, melting the accumulations of ice and snow in every mountain stream, converts them into navigable rivers, downward, for bearing, in the cheapest and most expeditious manner, the fruits of the lumber- man’s winter labor to its market on tide-water. The commencement of vegetation is delayed by the duration of the snow, but its maturity is reached about the same period as in the western country, because there 23 354 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON has been a smaller loss of caloric during the winter, less retardation from a lingering spring, and more rapid growth from the constant action of a strong and steady summer heat. Whatever exceptions may be taken to the climate of Eastern Canada, it must be remembered that it embraces the greater portion of the white- pine-bearing zone of North America, the invaluable product of which can only be obtained by those conditions of climate, (the abundant ice and snow,) which have given it such imaginary terrors. There is scarcely one article or class of articles from any one country in the world which affords more outward freight, or employs more sea ton- nage, than the products of the forests of British North America. While these conditions of climate and production give necessarily a commercial and manufacturing character to the eastern province, the milder climate and more extensive plains of Western Canada afford a field for agriculture, horticulture, and pastoral pursuits unsurpassed in some respects by the most favored sections of the United States. The peninsula of Canada West, almost surrounded by many thousand square miles of unfrozen water, enjoys a climate as mild as that of Northern New York. ‘The peach tree, unprotected, matures its fruit south and west of Ontario, while tobacco has been successfully cultivated for years on the peninsula between Lakes Erie and Huron. During the last two years, Western Canada has exported upwards of two millions of barrels of flour, and over three millions of bushels of wheat, and at the present moment the surplus stock on hand is greater than at any former period. There is probably no country where there is so much wheat grown, in proportion to the population and the area under culti- vation, as in that part of Canada west of Kingston. The commercial position of Canada West as a ‘‘portage”’ or “‘step- ping-stone’”’ between the manufacturing and commercial States on the Atlantic and the agricultural and mineral ones of the northwest, is illus- trated by the Welland canal, the Great Western, and the Ontario and Huron railways. Among the prominent features of Canada, her military position is worthy of notice. She is the most northern power upon this continent ; and in configuration upon the globe she presents a triangular form, the apex of which forms the extreme southing, and penetrates the United States frontier; while the base is remote, and rests upon the icy regions of the north. | Flanked by the inhospitable coast of Labrador upon the east, and by the almost inaccessible territories of the Hudson’s Bay Company on the west, she can only be attacked ‘‘in front;”? when, retiring into more than Scythian fastnesses on the Ottawa and Saguenay, and keeping up communication with the strong fortress of Quebec, she can maintain prolonged and powerful resistance against foreign hostile invaders. Viewing Canada as a whole, it may be described as a broad belt of country lying diagonally along the frontier of the United States, from northeast to southwest, from Maine to Michigan, and between the 42d and 49th parallels of north latitude. The great river St. Lawrence presents itself conspicuously as a leading feature in its physical geo- graphy, traversing, in a northeasterly course, the grand valley which it drains in its mighty career to the ocean. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 355 The very beautiful map of the basin of the St. Lawrence hereunto appended, and prepared expressly for this report, by Thomas C. Keefer, esq., a civil engineer of high standing and eminent abilities, attached to the Canadian Board of Works, may be relied upon for its ° accuracy. An attentive consideration of this new and excellent map is respect- fully solicited. It presents many points of interest, exhibiting, as it does, at one view, the mighty St. Lawrence, the chain of “fresh water Mediterraneans,” of which it is the outlet, and which are indeed a geo- graphical wonder, as also their position and relation to the States of the: West, and the vast and fertile valley of the Mississippi, with the various outlets to the sea, of this valuable section of North America. COMMERCE OF CANADA. Before the close of the last century the commerce of Canada had reached a respectable position. ‘The St. Lawrence was then the only outlet of Canada, and also of that portion of the United States lying upon and between Lakes Ontario and Champlain; and the port of Quebec received indifferently American and Canadian produce for ex- portation to the West Indies and British North American colonies. Although Upper Canada then scarcely produced sufficient food to support her own immigration, the lower province was already a large exporter of wheat, and continued so until the ravages of the Hessian fly reduced her to her present position of an importer from the upper province. ; Mr. Keefer, in his Prize Essay upon the Canals of Canada, says: «¢A wise and liberal policy was adopted with regard to our exports previous to 1822. The products of either bank of the St. Lawrence were indifferently exported to the sister colonies, as if of Canadian origin; and those markets received not only our own, but a large share of American breadstuffs and provisions. Our timber was not only ad- mitted freely into the British markets, but excessive and almost pro- hibitory duties were imposed upon importations of this article from the Baltic, for the purpose of fostermg Canadian trade and British ship- ping. The British market was closed, by prohibition, against our wheat until 1814, which was then only admitted when the price in England rose to about two dollars per bushel—a privilege in a great measure nugatory; but the West Indies and lower provinces gave a sufficient demand so long as the free export of American produce was permitted by this route. As early as 1793, our exports of flour and wheat by the St. Lawrence were as high as 100,000 barrels, and rose in 1802 to 230,000 barrels. The Berlin and Milan decrees, and Eng- lish orders in council thereon, of 1807; President Jefferson’s embargo of 1808, with increased duties levied upon Baltic timber, gave an im- pulse to the trade of the St. Lawrence, so that the tonnage arriving at Quebec in 1810 was more than ten times greater than in 1800.. The war of 1812 and 1815 naturally checked a commerce so much de- pendent upon the Americans; and we therefore find but little increase of the tonnage arrived in 1820 over that of 1810. In 1822 the Canada Trade Acts of the imperial parliament, by imposing a duty upon Amer- 356 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ican agricultural produce entering the British American colonies and the West Indies, destroyed one-half of the export-trade of the St. Law- rence; and the simultaneous abundance of the English harvest forbade our exports thither. | ' «¢ As a recompense for the damage done by the Trade Act of 1822, our flour and wheat, in 1825, were admitted into the United Kingdom at a fixed duty of five shillings sterling per quarter. The opening ot the Erie and Champlain canals at this critical juncture gave a perma- nent direction to those American exports which had before sought Quebec, and an amount of injury was inflicted upon the St. Lawrence, which would not have been reached had the British action of 1825 pre- ceded that of 1822. 'The accidental advantages resulting from the differences which arose between the United States and Britain, on the score of reciprocal navigation, (which differences led to the mterdiction of the United States export trade to the West Indies, and reduced it from a value of $2,000,000, in 1826, to less than $2,000 in 1830,) re- stored for a time our ancient commerce. The trade of the St. Law- rence was also assisted by the readmission free in 1826 (after four ‘years exclusion) of American timber and ashes for the British market, and .by the reduction of the duty upon our flour for the West India market, and therefore rapidly recovered, and in 1830 far surpassed its position of 1820. ‘“‘In 1831 there was a return to the policy which existed previous to 1822. United States products of the forests and agriculture were ad- mitted into Canada free, and could be exported thence as Canadian pro- duce to all countries, except the United Kingdom; and an additional advantage was conferred by the imposition of a differential duty, in our favor, upon foreign lumber entering the West Indian and South American possessions. Our exports of flour and wheat by sea in that year were about 400,000 bushels—chiefly to Britain, where a scarcity then existed, and for the first time exceeding the flour export of 1802. This amount, in consequence of a demand nearer home, and the ravages of the fly in Lower Canada, was not again exceeded until 1844. Be- tween 1832 and 1839 a scarcity and a great demand for breadstuffs arose in the United States, and the crops in England bemg unusually abundant between 1831 and 1836, the order of things in the St. Law- rence was reversed, so that in 1833 wheat was shipped from Britain to Quebec. A farther supply came also from Archangel. These imports in 1835 and 1836 amounted to about 800,000 bushels. A similar demand in 1829 had turned our exportation of breadstuffs inland to a very large amount; yet, notwithstanding these fluctuations of our ex- ports, the shipping and commerce of the St. Lawrence rapidly increased in importance and value, with no continued relapse, down to the year 1842. The revulsion in 1842 was general, being one of those periodical crises which affect commerce, but was aggravated in Canada by a re- petition of the measures of 1822, not confined this time to the provi- sion-trade only, but attacking the great staple of Quebec—timber. . The duties on Baltic timber, in Britain, were reduced, the free impor- tation of American flour was stopped by the imposition of a duty thereon, and our trade with the West Indies annihilated by the reduc- tion of the duty upon American flour brought into those islands. By COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 307. imposing a duty of two shillings sterling per barrel upon American flour imported into Canada, and reducing it in the West Indies from five to two shillings, an improvement equal to five shillings sterling per barrel was made in the new position of American flour exported from the Mississippi, Baltimore, and New York. The value of our trade with the West Indies in 1830 (during the exclusion of the Americans) amounted to $906,000; and in 1846, it was $4,000. ‘“¢ Our export to the lower provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, &c.) was at its highest point in 1836, since which time it has fluctuated, but never reached its position of that year. It will be remembered that at that time the Americans were importing bread- stuffs, and could not, therefore, compete with Quebec in the supply of these provinces. ‘The act of 1842 was nearly as destructive to our trade with the gulf provinces as with the West Indies; but since the opening of our canals, there is a marked increase in this trade. In 1841 (before the passing of the Gladstone act) our export trade with the lower prov- inces was worth $456,000 annually, which amount fell off to $204,000 in 1844. In 1845 the enlarged Welland and Beauharnois canals were opened, and since that period it has gradually recovered, so that, since the opening of the enlarged Lachine canal, it has exceeded its position of 1841, and is now increasing every year. As the interruption of our trade with the West Indies by the Canada Trade Act in 1822 -was followed in 1825 by the permanent admission of our breadstuffs into the British market, and by the concessions in 1826, so its second interruption, or rather destruction, in 1842, was succeeded in 1843 by the important privilege of exporting American wheat, received, under a comparatively nominal duty, as Canadian, without proof of origin, in the British market. This measure was a virtual premium of about six shillings sterling per quarter upon American exports to Britain through the St. Lawrence; but, inasmuch as it was an indirect blow at the English Corn Laws, it contained—like a bombshell—the elements, of its own destruction. This very partial measure rapidly swelled our exports of flour and wheat, so that in 1846 over half a million of barrels, and as many bushels, of these two staples were shipped from Canada by sea. : ‘The injury threatened to the timber trade of the St. Lawrence by the act of 1842 was averted by the subsequent railway demand in England, so that our exports of this article have been greater since that period than before. P ‘‘In 1846 steps were taken in the British legislature which led to the withdrawal of that preference which the St. Lawrence had so fit- fully enjoyed as the route for American exports to England; and the new system came into full operation in 1849. The intermediate demand, resulting from the failure of the potato crop, has thrown much uncer- tainty upon the final tendency of this important change in our relations with the mother country; and as a necessary consequence, the ancient system of ‘ships, colonies, and commerce’ has fallen to the ground. tn 1847 the control of our customs was abandoned by the imperial legislature, and the last and most important measure, which has relieved us from the baneful effects of the British navigation laws, came into operation on the 1st of January, 1850.” 358 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON It will thus be seen that previous to 1846 the colonial policy of the British government, although vacillating and contradictory, encouraged the sea-trade of Canada by affording a market for her productions, and discouraged exports inland to the United States. Likewise, by imperial control over the colonial tariff, the mother country established differential duties against importations inland, thus throwing the sup- ply of Western Canada into the ports of Montreal and Quebec and the contraband dealers on the western frontier. Nearly the whole revenue from customs being collected in Lower Canada, although an equal and even greater consumption was claimed for the upper province, a controversy respecting the division of this revenue became annually more and more severe, with the mcreased population and demands of Canada West, and was the subject of fre- quent appeal to, and of adjustment by, the mother country. The in- surrection of the French population, and consequent suspension of the constitution of Lower Canada, was taken advantage of to bring about a legislative union of the two provinces, which accordingly took place in 1841, and put an end to the dispute about the division of the reve- nue. Perhaps the remembrance of this altercation had some influence upon the subsequent action of the Canadian legislature upon the sub- ject of differential duties. ‘The imperial government formally aban- doned all control over the Canadian tariff m 1847, and, in their next session, the colonial legislature abolished the differential and prohibi- tory duties on imports mland ; thus placing the mother country in the same relative position as foreigners. The commercial interest of the lower province yielded to this policy from sympathy with the free- trade movements in England; while it is probable that the western province supported the measure as a means of emancipation from the monopoly of their imports by Montreal and Quebec. The repeal (by the abolition of the British Corn Laws) of all privi- leges in favor of Canadian breadstuffs in the British markets, the hos- tile tariff of the United States, and the trammelled condition of the St. Lawrence navigation, (yet unfreed from the restrictions of the British Navigation Laws,) fell heavily upon the Canadians. ‘The scanty sup- ply of vessels in the St. Lawrence, (hitherto a ‘close borough,” for British shipping only,): and the abundant supply of outward freights afforded by the timber coves of Quebec, had so enhanced all other freight outward, that nothing but the premium offered by the British Corn Laws made the route through the St. Lawrence more favorable than by New York, even with the burden of the United States tariff. When, therefore, this premium was withdrawn, and the English mar- ket was no longer the most profitable, the exports of Canada West (the surplus-producing section of the province) turned toward New York. The proximity of this city to the wheat-exporting districts of Canada, and the facilities of exporting and importing m bond, by New York canal and other internal artificial avenues, produced such a di- version of Canadian exports of flour and wheat that the quantity so sent to New York in 1850 exceeded, largely, that exported by sea through the St. Lawrence. The following statement will show the relative export of Canadian flour and wheat inland and by sea: COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. . 359 Flour and wheat exported from Canada in 1850 and 1851. 1850. 1851. Exported to and through— Flour. Wheat. Flour. Wheat. ' Barrels. Bushels. Barrels. Bushels. PEGE D Os cla a ens wiers oo nes aaeralenetrec 19,244 66,001 10,860 101,655 ee eietlal = oan ote ele see cos ce ees 260,872 | 1,094,444 259 , 875 670.202 OBGERSDUTE 5. ccs cen ccc oceseee Sd Mia tata olsen crete) s 30, 609 18,195 Lake Champlain......... Se eiwratr latte he 90,988 192,918 11,940 626 Total exported inland.......... 404,103 | 1,353,363 313,284 790,678 Montreal and Quebec ........00..- 280,618 88,465 371,610 161,312 POE PUCRMOCLED.. . 0 orc cc civecic eae 684,721 | 1,441,828 684, 894 951,990 Decrease in inland export to United “SLES os By A Coe Oe AE poses SoRue a slau 90,819 562, 695 Imerease an sea export trom Canada. .|. ...ecccesc ele cvesecassce 90,992 72,847 The following statement shows the amount of Canadian flour and Wheat imported, the amount bonded for exportation, and the amount entered for consumption at each port of entry: Total imported 1851. | Total bonded 1851. | Total duty paid 1851. Ports. Flour. Wheat. Flour. ‘Wheat. Flour. Wheat. a eS ———_ f — Barrels. | Bushels. | Barrels. | Bushels. Barrels. | Bushels. (oT 2 eee 10,869 | 101,655 10,763 | 88,316 97 135839 8 TS A 5 299,875 | 670,202 | 258,657 | 661,409 1,218 8,793 Ogdensburg .......... 30,609 18,195 30,587 17,773 22 422 Lake Champlain...... *11,940 626 ESAS crate aie esl A crops ta cee 626 —— a 313,284 | 790,678 | 311,947 | 767,498 1,337 23,180 88 Ai-other, ports .,........ Emr. |ionct Ave ctaye ori bl main opch wien ede 88 5, 664 313,382 | 796,342 | 311,947 | 767,498 1,425 28,844 * From Canada return of exports. It will be seen that there is a decrease in the importation from Canada in 1851, and an increase in her exports by sea, which do not, with respect to wheat at least, counterbalance the deficiency of inland exports. As the Canadian wheat crop of 1851 exceeded that of any former year, the presumption is that the low prices which ruled during last year retained much of the surplus in the province. The fact, however, that, of the flour exported from Canada, the num- ber of barrels which were sent to the United States in 1850 exceeded the total exports by sea in that year, and that in 1851 this was reversed, 360: ANDREWS’ REPORT ON is very significant, considering that the Canadians are now trading upon equal terms with the United States in the markets of the mother coun- try and those of other foreign States. To elucidate this, I must refer to the INTERCOLONIAL TRADE. The export of flour from Canada, by sea, to the British North Ameri- can colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, since 1844, has been as follows: Barrels. Gare te (Umut een | eS te ole eee: er 19,530 Be Peek So Dds et Ya ie Ae eee 26,694 1 O83 Nena geen aa ELON ee urea a angers iit ORK EMRE 8 30, hoz A ee ee a ae heaped Le Sets es ee 66,195 TSAS Sey oe geew eb ep bsthe Gowrie ect enes , 2 ee 65,834 POI oo ee Se ee eh ok See Oe 79,492 MSO asa a Poe Te ce Be i hs i Oe ae ak dyer eal 140,872 POTS ood Ee oo OU cathe Be Ped Sain) Be 154,766 The amount exported to these colonies, in bond, through New York and Boston, in 1851, was— Flour. ‘Wheat. | Barrels. Bushels. PMN NGO jaa vais toes) s\olepits aisieeinenralwinne avciersleisicte ites ails levennense 86, 689 6,798 IBOStGR. << cee eins ve piccles ce puicicivioiwelele tie aiela welsietheletelen siete 4590 oc crn ase ae MOAT: Sorcielcm atie eroteierte orate isasevel sion oles cote Meteerier 91,279 6,798 making the total exports to these colonies 246,039 barrels—an inerease of over twelve-fold in eight years. The substitution of Canadian for American flour in the consumption of the “lower colonies” has been brought about by the opening of the ship-canals on the St. Lawrence, aided by a reciprocity arrangement between these colonies and Canada; and because the exclusion of the latter from the American domestic market has forced Canadian flour through the St. Lawrence, to compete in the foreign markets of the United States. The articles of wheat and flour have been taken, for the sake of con- venience, to illustrate the export-trade of Canada, its direction and dis- tribution. ‘The remarks above, however, apply to all other provisions of which she produces a surplus. . In the import-trade, sugar, one of the leading articles ef consump- tion, may be taken to illustrate a change as favorable to Canada as that in the export of flour. In 1849 the value of sugars imported from the United States was double that from the lower colonies. In 1851 the value from the United States was $258,848, and from the colonies $269,300. In 1849 nearly one-half of the sugar was imported, inland, from and through the United States—the proportion being 5,152,000 ; % COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 361 pounds, out of the total importation of 11,613,000 pounds. In 1850 the importation rose to 15,736,000 pounds, of which the United States furnished 5,522,000 pounds, or a little more than one-third. In 1851 the number of pounds imported was 20,175,046, of which 5,640,000 pounds were from the United States, and 5,880,000 pounds from the lower colonies. The imports of sugar into Canada in 1851 were: Maemerinen colonies OS EPO $269,300 PEM SISICS - ok ae oo pet kee we ete SM ahh 258,848 Pee MORO COUMIMECS «nak Sek gt aloe o sate ae mins 226,316 MINUTE Sant ac re St a eee ve Sie tie he, es oleae 171,140 925,604 With respect to the route of importation, the inland import in 1849, as we have seen, nearly equalled that by sea; but in 1851 the value of sugars imported by sea was $712,408, against $278,468 by inland routes. Canadian vessels load at the lake ports with breadstuffs and provisions, which they carry, without transhipment, to Halifax or St. John, Newfoundland, exchanging there for a return cargo of sugars, molasses, fish, and oils. This trade is, of course, confined to British vessels ; and as fish and other products of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- wick, and the flour, provisions, &c., of Canada, are exchanged duty- free, a direct free-trade between the maritime and agricultural districts of British North America is now in full operation, from which New- foundland only is excluded—the necessities of that government forbid- ding her from taking off the duty on Canada flour. Her fish and oil are therefore treated as foreign in the Canadian ports. The subjoined statement shows the progressive imports into Canada of sugars from the British North American colonies: Ne Se eee pa a Mare Santee ae 2 £28,716 $114,864 ee ee het none Spin nha at ain vanes te 3 51,317 205,268 es ee ee ae nln oicletee 3 67,325 269,300 It appears from the foregoing that the commerce of Canada is at present in a state of transition. No certain predictions can now be offered to show how far her efforts at commercial independence will be successful, or what influence she may be enabled to exert over the gen- eral commerce of the western lakes and adjoining districts. A short review of her position and resources will be the best mode of present- ing this question. THE COMMERCIAL PORTS OF CANADA. Quebec.—In latitude 46° 48’ north, longitude 71° 12’ west. Popula- tion in 1851, 42,052. Quebec is the most ancient, as well as the most important, port of Canada, and embraces the outports of Gaspé, New Carlisle, the Mag- dalen Islands, and several in the river below Quebec. The province of Canada extends eastward to the Straits of Belle-Isle, embracing the 362 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON island of St. Paul, (between Newfoundland and Cape Breton,) the Magdalen islands, the Bird rocks, and Anticosti. In the Magdalens a sub-collector is stationed, who reported some $226,000 worth of ex- ports in 1848; but no return of imports is taken, and no duties, appa- rently, are levied. ‘The other islands are occupied only for light-houses and relief stations. The harbor of Quebec is not unlike that of New York—the island of Orleans serving as a barrier from a northeast sea, and, like Long Island, affording two channels of approach. A frontage of about fitteen mules on both sides of the river not only affords the necessary wharves, but coves of sufficient magnitude to float some thirty to forty millions of cubic feet cf timber, about eighty millions of superficial feet of deals, besides staves, lathwood, &c. A fresh water tide, rising eighteen feet at ‘‘springs,’’ offers no impediment to the shipment of timber, the great business of the port, the vessels so engaged being anchored in the stream, (which affords good holding-ground,) where their cargoes are floated to them at every tide. The tide extends ninety miles above Quebec, and the water does not become perfectly salt until an equal ’ distance is reached below; thus there is a fresh-water tide of one hun- dred and eighty miles beyond the salt water, and sea navigation to Montreal, ninety miles farther, or two hundred and seventy miles from salt water. The river navigation may be said to terminate about one hundred and fifty miles below Quebec, (where pilots are first taken,) but the combined gulf and river navigation extends upwards of seven hundred miles before we reach the Atlantic, with which it has no less than three connexions. The most northern of these—the straits of Belle-Isle—is in navigable order about five months, and affords a pas- sage to Liverpool more than two hundred miles shorter than the route by Cape Race, making the distance from Quebec more than four hun- dred miles shorter than from New York. By using this passage the navigable route between the foot of Lake Ontario and any port in Britain is as short as that from New York harbor to the same port. The middle channel, by which the Atlantic is reached, is about fifty miles wide, and contains St. Paul’s island, which, with its two lght- houses, affords an excellent point of departure. By this channel Que- bec is brought nearer to any port in Europe, Africa, or the Indian ocean, than New York. The southern passage is known by the name of the Gut of Canso, and is invaluable to the fishing, coasting, and West India trade. The gulf of and river St. Lawrence have been most elaborately surveyed by the accurate and accomplished Captain Bayfield, Royal navy, an inspection of whose charts is indispensable to a correct appre- ciation of the commercial qualities of this navigation. The exclusive monopoly by British ships of this route hitherto, the buoyant character of the cargo—timber, the ignorance of the masters, and excesses of the men, have been more fruitful causes of disaster than the natural con- tingencies of the route. Heretofore, in many instances, old and un- serviceable vessels, commanded by men whose pay was less than that of a good mechanic, were sent out in September for a cargo of timber. A month of dissipation in Quebec sent the crew to sea diminished in numbers by desertion, with weakened physical powers, and insufficient COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 363 clothing. When, therefore, the cold November blasts in the gulf were encountered, for want of ordinary exertions, strength, and intelligence, the vessel went ashore. Notwithstanding, considering that over half a million of tons of shipping annually enter the St. Lawrence, it will be found that the per-centage of losses has been no greater than that of the British and Irish channels, or the keys of Florida.* The tonnage inward and outward, by sea, from Quebec and Mon- treal, for 1851, with the number of disasters within the gulf and river, was as follows: ; INWARD. OUTWARD. TOTAL. 5 Ports. 9 o 3 s ® o & } Ss 5 > ‘S ; i : syle : = all eS iat kas STC nan fe : 5 | 5 Zz B = z BH = Zi a =a |B ie ee 1,305] 533,821/17,765| 1,394) 586,093|19,300| 2,699] 1,119,914/37,065) 11 Montreal...... 231; 55,660) 2,181) 195) 37,568) 1,540) 426 93,228) 3,721)... Totals vesies 1,536) 589,481/19,946| 1,589| 623, 661/20,840! 3,125| 1,213, 142/40,786 11 The disasters at Key West, for the same year, were about fifty in number, and on the upper St. Lawrence, between Lake Superior and Montreal, two hundred and sixty-three; where, says the reporter, ‘‘five steamers, three propellers, and thirty-seven sailing vessels went out of existence entirely.” Six hundred and eighty-eight sailing vessels, numbering 125,726 tons, and four steamers, giving 1,462 tons, form the list of wrecks of vessels belonging to the United Kingdom for 1850. Such an extent of land-locked navigation as the St. Lawrence pre- sents between the pilot-ground (near the Saguenay) and the Atlantic would be, in thick weather, or snow storms, considered hazardous, were it not for the great width of beating-ground, (nowhere less than twenty-five miles, and averaging over fifty,) the absence of all shoals or reefs in or near the channel, and the admirable soundings displayed by the charts. The trend of the Atlantic coasts of Newfoundland and Cape Breton converge upon St. Paul’s island, a lofty and picturesque rock, for which a vessel may stand bold in a fog. Inside of St. Paul’s a bank, with sixty fathoms, leads, by a direct line on its outer edge, clearing Anticosti, into the chops of the St. Lawrence; northward of this line is deep water; southward, regular soundings ; so that, in thick or foggy weather, the lead is an unerring guide. On entering the river the south shore gives uniform soundings all the way to the pilot-ground, the water shoaling so regularly that a vessel may at any point deter- mine her distance from the shore within a mile by the lead alone, while at all points she may approach this shore within this distance. *See Part X for statements Of timber trade, and tonnage employed. 364 | ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The admirable position of Pointe des Monts, (with a light-house one hundred feet above the water,) projecting with a bold shore several miles from the general trend of the north shore, forms, with its anchor- age on both sides, a common point of departure for inward and out- ward-bound vessels. The recent application of steam to ocean commerce greatly en- hances the value of this navigation; particularly with reference to com- munication with Britain, the great centre of European steam navigation and commerce. ‘The two great drawbacks to ocean steam navigation are, the quantity of fuel which must be carried and the resistance which a heavy sea offers to progress whether the wind be fair or foul. On the St. Lawrence route these are reduced toa minimum. ‘The distance from the coast of Ireland to St. John, Newfoundland, or to the straits of Belle-Isle, is under 1,700 miles; and coal is found in abundance, and of excellent steaming qualities, at several points in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The remainder of the voyage to Quebec will be made in comparatively smooth water, as the steamer will run under the shelter of either shore, according to the direction of the wind. This notice of the position of the port of Quebec with reference to steam navigation with Europe has been deemed essential at this time, inasmuch as the government of Canada are now receiving proposals for the establishment of a line of screw-steamers to ply upon this route during the season of navigation, and to communicate with the terminus of the railroads from Canada, at Portland, for the present, and Halifax as soon as the scheme of a grand intercolonial railway from Quebec to Halifax shall have been carried out. It may now be proper to allude to the inducements which lead to this course—in other words, to the SEA-TRADE OF CANADA. The great staple of Quebec is timber, and hitherto her trade has been chiefly confined to this staple, Montreal being the pomt where the agricultural exports of the upper province are exchanged for the supplies of foreign goods required for the same districts. ‘The timber is chiefly supplied by the Ottowa river, (which, with its numerous and important tributaries, drains an area of over ten thousand square miles of the finest pine-bearing land,) and also from the north shore of Lake Ontario, which is drained by a remarkable chain of lakes emptying through the rivers Otonabee and Trent, into the Bay of Quinte, (thus escaping the open water of Ontario,) from which the rafts are floated to Quebec. Thus, by the simple and inexpensive process of rafting, timber is borne by the current, at a cost of three or four cents per cubic foot, to Quebec, from a distance of six hundred miles—even from the lands drained by Hudson’s bay and Lake Huron. The annual supply varies with the export, but seems capable of almost illimitable exten- sion. In 1846 the supply of square timber exceeded thirty-seven millions of cubic feet; that of sawed deals, sixty millions of feet, board measure; besides some fifty thousand tons of staves, lath-wood, &c. ; the whole (at the usual rate of forty cubic feet to the ton) amounting to COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 365 one million six hundred and fifty thousand tons, and worth, at the ruling prices of that year, between five and six millions of dollars. Reducing the cubic to superficial measure, for the sake of comparison with Albany and Bangor, the supply of square timber and deals (exclusive of staves, lath-wood, &c.) brought to Quebec in that year exceeded five hundred millions of feet. The stock wintered over ex- ceeded twenty-one millions of cubic feet of timber, and the export twenty-four and a quarter millions, loading some thirteen or fourteen hundred vessels, of an aggregate tonnage of over half a million. The following shows the number and tonnage of vessels inward and outward in Quebec, with the export of white-pine timber, (the leading article,) for the last eight years: EXPORT OF INWARD. OUTWARD. Pe mO SHED RA, Year. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. Cubic feet. SAA A ee S. fat. hose 1,232 451,142 1,289 453, 894 11,950,438 MERE MEER Bre. oc. ci0 Sip! dia Sta. 0f0. 1,489 576,541 1,499 584,540 15,828, 880 Pinsent arep ey hs sakes. ob 8 ego! « 1,480 568, 225 1,467 572,373 14, 392,220 Wee dereeteteitdy Stee so feo 3%s's b 1,210 A79 124 1,215 489,817 9,626,440 ious og Re 1,188 452,436 1,194 457, 430 10, 709 , 680 eS a eee eee 1,184 465,088 1,243 481,227 11,621,920 MBIT E Sas siole 'aneid 0,0 ¢p, om 016.6 1,196 465,804 1,275 494,021 13,040,520 Deca ig Ae ORS kee Alene 1,305 533, 821 1,394 586,093 | 15,941,600 The greatest number of ships outward in any year previous to 1851 was in 1845, when 1,499 cleared out, with a tonnage of 584,540. In 1851 the number of vessels outward is less, but the tonnage is greater, than that of any former year. It must be remembered that, since 1845, the duty upon Baltic timber in Britain has been reduced. | The value of exports from Quebec depends upon the market price of timber, which ranges nearly one hundred per cent. It was greatest in 1845, when the price of timber was highest, although the tonnage outward, which is the true measure of the commerce, was less than in 1851. The progress of the imports is an index of the prosperity of the port, as the articles are general merchandise, which do not fluctuate as much in value as the exports. The following is a statement of imports for a series of years at the port of Quebec: HOt 1 6. oon. SO AO A a a S21 A OL 7 $871,668 Ss, RE SEMIS Mer ek 216,670 866,680 etry 2 EE EOI MS SR I ai 402,227 1,608,908 ee ee ee a ao 8 655,869 2,623,476 hea Ne Oe i es i OOO 2,049,592 (5 eM ne Stig Me 2) pp 700,983 3,003,932 Be Sia. hoa eee eee a 796,917 3,187,668 gs cas JA ee, ee 574,208 2,296,832 BE ioe my A a ape A ec 438,673 1,754,692 EB go ino ask mimi ape ee ee Oe: 686,441 2,745,764 5151 RAM pe RENO ene i a a a 833,904 3,330,616 366 : ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The progress of exports inland, which for 1851 includes transit goods for United States, is shown as follows: Year. By sea. Inland. Total exports eke St Pe ae $4,833,872 $130,988 | £1,241,215 $4,964, 860 MSA: ace cia sateye me evesiatenente ots 5,027,180 162,912 1,297,923 5,190,092 PSST 2s OM EMT Fe 5,621,988 755,588 | 2,594,394 6,377,576 The imports of 1851 are exclusive of railway and other iron, im- ported in transitu, for western States, valued at $750,000. The imports at Quebec in 1851 greatly exceed those of any former year, and the whole business of the port, import and export, for the past year, probably equalled its best ones when under the protective policy of the mother country. In order, however, to present the sea-trade of Canada, it becomes necessary to treat Quebec and Montreal as one port. 'The value of the exports of Quebec is generally more than double those of Montreal, while the imports of the latter are double those of Quebec. This latter difference is sensibly lessening in favor of Quebec, as that city is now becoming the point of transhipment for goods in transit to western States, which will relatively greatly increase the value of her imports; while, as she will always be the timber mart, no corresponding decline of her exports is to be anticipated. Ships of the largest burden are brought up to Quebec by the tide, but the approach to Montreal is limited by the shallowness of water in Lake St. Peter, giving at low water only thirteen feet, and is burdened with a towage against the current of the river. The work of deepening Lake St. Peter is now in progress, with fair prospects of success, and in another year or two vessels drawing fifteen feet water may come to Montreal. Vessels loading at Montreal are frequently obliged to lighter a por- tion of their cargo through the lake, and are, therefore, re-cleared at Quebec. Again, imports in the large ships which stop at Quebec are lightered up to Montreal; thus rendering it almost impossible to sepa- rate the commerce of the two ports. Again, by means of the ship-canals, the inland lake and river ports of Canada carry on a direct trade by sea; and, although the regulations require their exports to be reported at tide- water, their direct imports are not noticed at Montreal or Quebec, but are passed up under a ‘frontier bond,” and entered at the port of destination. In the following statement the imports in transit for the United States and those under frontier bond for Upper Canada ports are in- cluded : > COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. . 367 Gross trade of ports of Montreal and Quebec.—Imports and exports, 1851. | Imports at Quebec....... pistaittteys: $4,091,204 || Exports from Quebec ......... ipo, 623,988 Imports at Montreal........200. 9,177,164 || Exports from Montreal........ 2,003,916 Imports direct per inland ports, Exports from inland ports di- not reported elsewhere........ 3,144,316 rect, not reported elsewhere . 4,512 Total imports at and through Total exports by sea and inland Montreal and Quebec.........| 16,412,684 Tieeva DOM cise sole sina evataieee 8,132,416 | = which makes the gross value of the export and import trade of Mon- treal and Quebec for 1851 amount to $24,545, 100. Ship-bulding. There are in Quebec about twenty-five ship-building establishments, and eight or ten floating docks, capable of receiving largest-class ves- sels. The class of vessels built range from 500 to 1,500 tons and up- wards, and there has been lately established a resident ‘‘ Lloyd’s sur- veyor,”’ to inspect and class the ships. The average cost is as follows: Pinee eran! opaisiiiten. Sst 2. seb de coined sun $22 to $30 per ton. Berepicronorsen. 8. ie Pees) ae Soe PGS ek d2to, 40. The number built were, in Total tons. 1848, 24 square-rigged, 18,687 tons, ) (., 19,909 149,25, *§ cc 20,020 ** | andsmaller craft, t 24,396 Isa. oc... * See AS rae] res V4 Bal making, in all 30,387 or ay fer Pe ong Ac | | 40,567 Trade and tonnage. The tonnage cleared outward to the lower colonies was: } Year. Quebec. Montreal. Total. 1 oS) AP ee CeCe ales ee 10,021 8,524 18,545 DDO on serie wee ess WE Se eres 12,588 9,819 22,407 The value of exports to the colonies by sea, and via the United States, and imports therefrom, has progressed as follows : Year. Exported by sea. | Exportedinbond,| Total value of | Total value of via the U.S. exports. imports. 1849... .cceccecs $116,581 $32,359 $148,940 $48,917 Peas oc ss wien ead 202,194 58 , 487 260,681 96,404 REISE Sn mis nae cone 241,791 119,353 361,144 124,350 368 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The following is a summary statement of the sea and inland trade of Canada, contracted for 1851: IMPORTS. EXPORTS. Total imports. | Total exports. a ee eee iO ees ass $15,324,348 | $8,681,680 | $8,081,840 | $3,259,888 | $24,006,028 | $11,341,728 Inland exports, $3,259,888 ; imports, $8,681,680. Total, $11,941,568 Sea exports, $8,081,840 ; imports, $15,324,348. Total, $23,406,188 The exports inland are taken from the imports at United States cus- tom houses. This makes th® reported value of the sea nearly double that of the inland trade, and makes the gross trade of Canada, or the value of her exports and imports for 1851, amount to $35,347,756, of which $24,000,000 are imports, and only $11,000,000 exports. In the exports there should be included the value of ships built for sale at Quebec, at least $1,000,000 more in 1851, and for undervaluation of exports znland a much larger sum; so that a full estimate of the gross trade of Canada for 1851 will not fall short of a value of forty mil- lions of dollars. The published Canadian returns for 1850 contain no statement, either of imports in transitu for the United States, or those which pass up under frontier bond. There are, theretore, no means of comparing the above $tatement with former years. It has been shown heretofore that, in the staple of wheat and flour, hisee has been a marked gain by the sea at the expense of the inland trade; yet the importation inland has sensibly increased over that of 1850. The imports entered at inland ports, compared with those entered at Montreal and Quebec, were as follows: Ports. 1849. 1850. 1851. Montreal and Quebec ... 2.0.00 csesecssews $6 , 523 , 232 $8,931,868 $12,552,780 PnlanG Ports. ai)s 0: . ido: 35) aos ts fay eetreiciond» Los tee 19 do. hiv odost mame. bese) old ose diy dO: S do. Bremen 2.82 sued link iy vidos % & ‘do. Meeklenburg-2 tices. veriede Ov odo: 2 doz Bipnaversikie J2. deci wees os 2s giao: Li wn aow Prone. vend w2eklk sens 1) on cncwinss tents MPO Roe aa The active intercourse between Canada and the United States may be seen from the following statement of the tonnage inward and out- ward in 1851: Inward. Outward. | Totals. American.| British. |American.| British. Inward. | Outward. Leaner. esta 6 cubes fee 1,224,523 845,589 753,318 564,089 | 2,070,112 | 1,317,407 Sauvage: USES eS RESTS Se 139,867 202,039 153,670 206,361 341,906 360,031 MB Gta Teves, vetete re exe 1,364,390 | 1,047,628 906,988 | 770,450 212,08 1,677,438 Inward and outward. SLRS ANINDT CA Non b OAdmeaULOn Gono bid baadO Ojo eoMo Sas Quicca cod ou 1,977,841 Bratishs. sie ocet en RAE ole sBeerletaes seeds oe. ols of cerote ws weeee 1,409,678 ——-—— 3,387,519 ell eA TAC AT a0 otaie ciedsiace, igo Oe ee ciate 66 aininy eae oe ie teie) ateuscleraelin oqeotrnetete 293,537 MS VUEESIIG Lee LOLA CIN ele Se S cxohetaete avelal's Gia eioMhatboin wo bets: oe Chicco male Re 408, 400 — 701,937 Total mward and outward) Tons. \ssh ./ s/he Jew cc's bie © wise! olde Cinlee(wietelete 4,089, 456 The comparative values of exports and imports have been— Year. Imports from| Exports to Canada. Canada. Se ease (aco (a: ota (aVaye a oieic als 016) «a aeke shee arinka (atelawial etal sla\c%e! sis wis’ Svein: lade $3,582,059 |$4,971, 420 SEU Yalan es faletcyelwisveNe ainvahe ciel ove aclajere electors vavartern|« inlein: sistis\'es citele!e int nites 4,513,796 | 6,594,860 Il ELS Baad angie Pom eae aids Goda Comccecdso Co NOOO ern CN Coc 3,312,250 | 8,936,236 The decrease in the imports from Canada has been explained by the increased quantity which has descended the St. Lawrence to Montreal. The principal articles of import from Canada are flour, wheat, lum- ber, cattle and horses, oats, barley and rye, wool, butter, and eggs. The principal exports to Canada are tea, tobacco, cotton and woollen manufactures, hardware, sugars, leather and its manufactures, coffee, salt, India-rubber goods, hides, machinery, fruits, and wooden ware. Of the imports from Canada, $1,593,324 worth were received m COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ato bond, so that the value of Canada produce which paid duty was only about $1,600,000, while that of domestic export to Canada, on which duties were levied, was $5,495,873. The duty levied on imports from Canada for 1851 was $373,496, while that levied on exports to Canada (including bonded goods) amounted to $1,190,956. The relative trade with the United States and other countries, at the leading inland ports, was as follows in 1801: e Population) Total value of |} From the United States. Ports. in 1851. | imports from | all parts. * : Duty col- | | ve: foetal Sa ARRAROR Lapel ate ta ae re sical ala'si i a's a'e'elyiaie’s 30 ,lia |. $2,601,932 $1,525, 620 $235,780 eR LTE ere oe) ore ait wore 20! e belies 0e'o: 141126) 0 21987300 1,049, 756 165,124 MEN a ello so 6 in s/c cos % 6% oiele's | $3,215 | 1,948,460 1,774,596 | 244,492 BRENT ciel /c/siu'-' "a5. 2'n> 0 sv oles 2% 5 e's PP a S65" > ie) 26 202 Sia, 92) 62,584 SULEWET cad tho oo CORRE IRE EN ar perinee Woiice 292, 636 284 , 872 AT ,232 Berea: co. 5.2'-''-2,5 a'e'e/ a 0''e/an a f° (= 3,246 | 239,712 164, 768 28, 036 J UB8iir) Sen oS Sapo Sey ooe seas erage 122,452 105,936 11,316 wh STL OS a ecko ec ker Sena ae acre cheroesora'¢ | 212,844 42,576 | 5,284 wl LL OG can ara iron ciel 142,376 125,464 13,940 | : | The progress of the inland ports is shown by the values on imports for the following years: Ports. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. Cop See | 788,900 $1,315,452 | $2,538,888 | $2,601,932 Peon... dade s exAVes4e: | 941,380 1,123,024 1,583,132 | 2,198,300 2. eee .| 1,106,692 1,213, 640 1,477,784 1,948, 460 emeeronle ©. 5. .ese8esei: 3) 303,788 384,044 499,040 1,025, 492 foe ea | 151,608 156,220 908, 452 999, 636 Pepeme le seb ase eis cece | 106,228 160, 404 931,940 939,712 Eloy ae | 97,660 31,076 41,564 912,844 Wei nerie reach nd Pee A Ath ectore «82,268 68, 424 87,244 142,376 The principal inland ports upon Lake Erie are Stanley, Dover, Dunnville, Sarina, and Sandwich; on Ontario, Toronto, Hamilton, Kingston, Belleville, Cobourg, Hope, Oakville, and Whitby; on the St. Lawrence, Brockville, Prescott, and Gananoque; and in Lower Canada, St. John, Phillipsburg, and Stanstead. The population of Toronto has doubled in the last ten years, and is now 30,000. Hamilton, now containing 14,000, has been equally pro- gressive. ‘The imports show their commercial progress to have been equally rapid; and there can be little doubt that in Upper Canada the export of produce, and the import and consumption of all the substan- tial and necessary products of civilization, are as high per head as in the best agricultural districts of the United States. There yet remains one route of importation to be noticed, viz: via Hudson’s bay and Lake Superior. Nearly one-half of the imports at Sault Ste. Marie are by this route. It is impossible to say what may yet be done in this quarter. The distance from the shores of Superior 376 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON to those of Hudson’s bay is no greater than that between the Hudson river, at Albany, and Lake Erie, at Buffalo; and the sea-route to Britain is shorter this way than by the lakes and Montreal, New York, or Boston. All the supplies and exports of the Hudson’s Bay Company are carried by sea; and although the season of navigation is very limited, yet it embraces an important part of the year. The two following tables are important as showing the imports and exports inland: Dutiable imports (principal articles) into Canada from the United States im 1851. Articles. Value. (NE eae Canoe 6c Gnanerice oo ubo CO anao od do doce rdoguamane ular rccss aco6 $893 , 219 MiG AGCO. « <1). gelake auebee = cise == Bias fateh cietiol's sie cala\'ed yet ate cel oo) a eva totais ieee 403, 860 Cotton manufactures. ....6e+eeeeees HOH AUG Car neUOOron Ome ronbedbcc.- 965, 124 Wioollens,. « ote a yeiatate
  • giasicic Set oe | 38,652 MUUBES aie ahe Bs aultile) Aeyas ofc fle! cisi ae fof Guy 2 RU aie sie « jo olt’s.«) deliofo: alaffe volt «lsvela) clalaraiel aie aianees 44,264 Sel GAA tA CUTE e Mal. > «> «ais. cela efeel cs. > vs) oe selele chalets ais! elaye clams alee CS 80,768 disciawmubber: < dora. ceive iets s- sc chletel saajea 0's © shies etaey aailcte ye oetalevelcieis lal stetete 53, 960 Dye-stuffs........ RUGRANED a. 6 loo) sec ESE GREE oalicis io Biree) SRR EON elo ofinteahar atte oie pene enate 12, 680 MUD COL I). (ei olen fae Noketecdabe, a io oie ase PIES ART a! ols cols ahd te hemomence (e's lahaato ® etehn ate kena 116,988 PUTA A ais sent veychcarte SGN! oiveve 5 uljeliol) Sia Claenea\aile latin: aeemame re etets leeraalies diallers 81,144 ANG eile cisesalaleeyn 'es latopeitaow siievs join 6) oles) aya ai eiets) pac Ryetauetet sens) ecateferel otis «te atten eee nene 7,544 Wirenmumrerated yee hace cs cere Uiecton eereimien ie eheiaten a ererel sere iore seamen 3,922,044 Total value of dutiable imports from the United States in 1851....... 7,943,384 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ar Exports (principal articles) from Canada to the United Siates in 1881. Articles. : Quantity. | Value. SAL: Serene wee ——s | giana “SUE: = JL GRE gees bit dor BOSE OSU Se eee ner barrels | alas | | $65,992 A hb oe ae cle netaed aad: s feet | 113,416 | 766 , 628 BUA ed hee pr icls qa yeg agus sis pctdnle estes se tees see cee n se. 12,374 | 20,732 @atile, of all kinds and sizes..iii. 6s... cece sic cess ene head 12,989 140,176 “legis eae ce SE SS ee ee eee do.. 3147 185,848 UO reise aly 6s 85 ge 300 0 visi Hiatal wor olsta'ai's laveniarereiets pounds..| 163,644 | 41,896 EE 6. n ERLEE oo 2 clnennecrnes bushels. : 708,400 491,760 TS Lo ae Sk eiRIS Coat So BAS gee ae pear ieee barrels..} 331,978 | 1,181,484 To Jes ain 7S 2S See oor Se eee ae bushels..) 146,552 | 75,596 bis ELA l CRIS. 5 an Sec ee een ore ee acne ae do... .| 85,200 | 41,588 ee as as Siete s 5a MAS EE Sta pelea sl Seeiege « Gore 517,405 | 135,708 i Pe Me so lies a. 6 Sd E Aho oes ees dane epee os cwt.. 3,060 | 38,004 ee RS eT I Re aie Oe aU dozens. ; 474,481 | 38,008 RE ABER HAih ty oped ta stinbcish = wic))clabiatxchelecesiat 6.2 lois.'cic ie’ eiw ete envarelauase lee e eee eees 1,705,664 Total value of exports to the United States........... | se Sdcoods | 4,929,084 The above return is from Canadian customs, and exceeds, in the gross value, the amount of imports into the United States from Canada, as shown by the United States customs. In concluding the notice of the mland trade, the following tables— showing the nature and extent of the “bonded” export and import be- tween Canada and other countries, made inland via the United States, under the ‘“‘drawback law’’—are submitted: Statement showing Canadian produce, &c., reccived in bond at New York and Boston in 1851. | Articles. | htt ra —] wa 2 | Peas... Si RIG S22 Hs a ASTI, 9 A PUSb ia eee mee Unenumerated........ Boch osede or Ule/: ame ROeeeTa ace: 3 SIAUISIS) Hiller peloetueeonc Value) | ae bey | yee ee | 119,441 | 41,546,534 — = pi | : < The following statement shows the value of goods transported in bond to Canada from the same ports: 378 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON VALUE FROM Articles. ——_____—+—_—_—_— | Total value. WNew York. Boston. Dry POMS es 6s Sie cue svete us. v celeais wisereln sews ls's oe o's $66,942 $918,557 $985, 499 Pariroald AON). hse. FSA e eee ae eae aa 108,534 vhs cemheeee 108,534 SHIRA .5. 5/0,5 op clabncie astaien) e\eie ale ms ecie i= =) osiate = mena = 107,049); ticccunacee se 107,049 1 RE CIRM SIR Bion 2b o ARS F nolonioatinioeso0Ig doInec 20,306 9,075 23,381 Preserved MWitvs:. anatase ce ee ets come eee oa eee 27,776 936 28,712 AT he BSS 5 ACHE. Ob 36 CRS Oo cethoitin cae Sarde olor ADF O2O: » |e retaken 15,820 IE RIaURe OG OS ON O06 OCCT OW Bob omc pepo Sta. 19,516 16, 709 36,225 Jewelry ......-«. Hida boo OBLar iDiowh UIpS Cea wo om ice)< 2,259 28,046 30,301 ER erer cei cece tememiotcnsictes ste se ecteencte cia Tectatolonels 16,029 3,162 | 19,191 Leather manufactures ......eeeeues Jorn dogmas 13,158 560 | 13,718 See ce ae EAS oo sae eat et sien ee 16, 206+ lens denueee | 16,206 [UNIDE ITS Ogg a. cr0 9 OSORIO Or GEO cxbole slices i's ose che. 19,007 338 19,345 (UME WTEC a a5 onoln pind 0c odio Olyj¢ cog a Sden oe 115,544 13,388 128,932 Total 2c... eo deasdac cs jogstooos290c05¢ 548,142 590,771 1,138,913 The greater value of the imports is made through Boston; but of the exports through New York. Wheat and flour form the principal articles of bonded export. The following shows Canadian wheat and flour received and exported at New York for the last three years: Received- Exported. Year. Wheat. . Flour. Wheat. Flour. a Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. | a | SSS ere ER | Bushels. Barrels. Bushels. Barrels. Ae ec 320, 574 $232,250 | 210, 452 $717, 416 297, 730 $216,869 | 206, 343 $767, 897 TS50), eet 723, 553 504,715 | 282,280 | 1,036,218 667,132 475,311 | 252, 037 966, 549 Soles 712, 403 481,213 | 250, 352 846, 814 518, 842 349,254 | 175,342 602, 684 Total..| 1,756,530 | 1,218,178 | 743,084 | 2,660,448 | 1,478,704 | 1,040,914 | 633, 722 | 2, 887, 124 | . { | i 1 Totals wn three years. Received. Exported. Articles. | | Quantity. Value. | Quantity. Value. i eMneAb PUSHES ty. 6 6 o> sell Ly dounwaO | $1,218,178 1,478,704 $1,040,914 1UGL es Ieber S89 Von eene ono 743 , 084 2,660, 448 633, 722 2,337,124 VINEE, aisreleletersves|svoie nfs | AvioloKeoose bat 3,878, 626 | afb is vs, Stalee jase allele iadadnet arenes The following returns, until 1849, include the export to Canada ; after which a separate account with Canada was kept, and the last three years refer only to the lower colonies. It will be observed that since 1849 the ‘“ domestic” export has decreased, while the “ foreign” (that is, Canada flour in bond) has increased. Thus it will be seen COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 379 that in 1849 the United States furnished for the consumption of the lower colonies more than three times the quantity of flour furnished by Canada, and that in two years thereafter Canadian jlowr gained the as- cendency; but, taking wheat and flour collectively, the supply of breadstuffs is about equally divided between the two countries: Export of flour and wheat from the Umted States to the British North American colonies. Domestic. Foreign, (from Canada.) Total exports. Year ending June 30— Flour, bbls. | Wheat, bus.| Flour, bbls. | Wheat, bus.| Flour, bbls. |Wheat, bus. MSEG tre dosterots, als 310,091 DAD US gieveleleice a cclleratsl ey Naleteraerewa eye 310,091 545,068 Sao ae Sie ieee Pie, 209 WU Se Scone se oo riecoscc dogs 212,299 919,058 LS See Ae Bc ane 274,206 309 , 789 7,054 2,103 281,660 312, 492 Souk pk A 294,891 305, 383 AP OIL Bie at eteters eiere\ 299 , 202 305, 383 S00 6 a6 senane 214,934 198,319 39 , 723 24,932 254, 657 223,201 1S URAMES AS Sates 200, 664 216,971 79, 806 24,259 | 280,470 241,230 Comparative export of Canadian and American flour to the lower colomes. ~— | AMERICAN. CANADIAN. TOTAL. Year ending June 30— Flour. Flour by sea.*| Bounded via |Taken by lower United States.t colonies. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. TB SG te bolnt fate eetiersloleo'c 6 she 310,091 SOM AUCEE [egkeyels sles svete ote 345,243 Ngati: es SAR Gee a eee Bile. 209 CORT 9 Gayle tenes wish 5) oie o's 338, 494 (SEs ols Ae ee 274,206 65,834 HyA5A | Sa 594 TSE apt etertte aio eh Wreleele icicle. 294,891 79,492 4,311 378, 694 USA ajere taba ears arayeiiel ewicyaceave 214,934 140,872 39 , 723 394, 429 ESE els 05, Gi SiG Se UR eee 200, 664 154,766 79,806 435 , 236 * Year ending December 31. | Year ending June 30. Having noticed the sea and inland trade separately, a summary and comparative statement of the trade of Canada with all countries for the last three years is submitted. The value of exports to the United States for 1851 is here taken from Canadian returns, in order to com- pare with the like values of 1849 and 1850, which were taken from the same source. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 380 A A OAL A OE OGG TLE A, A NE Ae ee ee ce OO RA ty ten ia ee te i a hee 8G Se Pe a perenne Aten Ie FR A ren mary mee one RPO ene wp amen ene nnn G61 ‘680‘S8 86L ‘6S ‘TB 6LP‘9S0‘9E 090°&99 ‘Le EO KOG Re on me RS Tt te 6b 2 Gira oes a iT CEP‘ SBL‘T 809 ‘SPP OPE “801'T PEE OSE ROL‘ LET nye Gis ey sheen eee ae Meg rey heh Ss + sero, TAU 956 ‘0G ‘E GEG ‘0&8 POS" POV’ L 966° P61 966199 rreeerceseeecececenss sQIUO[OD UWLOMOULY YWON YSIIg PPL Gas & 999 ‘cop's 9E9 "G18 El 060 9bG II 88 1978 Bree’ epee o Gp ¥e oe ie SOYectaes SE AEE epee °F « 80" 6° “UEEBILTET WROTE) “IS8T ‘OS8T 6P8T ‘s1vah daly Ul [210], ‘syaodxo pur sy1odut jo on[v A re “hipuung A AO I nt ei A Senne | ; | 086'6E6 °F | 9EG°9EG'8 | POG TEL 9 | BEB OLEGI °° oo" “TERT OOT'1S6' 7, | 098° F6S'9 | OO COR F, | O66 TE9'6 [oo sos *** -OSRT B9L“6Gr'ER | OG TLE'F# | 969° E6E'CH | GIO‘OLO‘OD foo GFT OLE GOG'EL | OFVOSG'ES | POE'SOT | 9LE'GEG | FOT'L96 | ODF LEP G66'GLO‘OL | S90'GRE‘OT | 9S9'9TT | S99'GLE | 9LL‘808 | 069‘ LEE 096" OTE'6% | OOF*800'SIS | Soros | OOS‘ LOIS | BeE‘99r$ | 899‘ GETH ‘sy10dxny ‘sj10dwy “sy10dxny *sy1odury "s]10d xn] ‘sy1oduy *sy1odxry ‘sqtodury *sj1odxny *sjoduly J [a et ak ae aaa» SI Sica ee |G Se ae aa | See | "IBROX *soldqunoo ‘aN[VA ‘SsaTUofor [[@ UPA anjea [e407 ‘ONTVA ‘SoltyUNOD AYIQ | Weollowy YON Ysyag ‘ONT RA ‘so}VxYG popu ‘onyea ‘UIeIIg wor | | SS ee NS eee — 7 =a "IGRL Pun ‘OGRT ‘6PST suvah ays of sarajunoa ayn qv yim vpouny fo apni, ay, fo quamaqnIg -_ COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 38h In none of the foregoing imports is the value of railroad iron, &cw brought via Quebec, in transit for the United States, included. Neither do the exports include the value of ships built at Quebec and sold in England. ‘ The value of transit goods for the United Statesin 1851 was $750,000 The value of ships built for sale at Quebec, 3,900 tons, at Sees GUO! 0) ode div, Debisio. dosang ¢ 1,404,000 7 2,154,000 with which addition the gross trade of Canada for 1851 amounts to $38,200,256. THE PUBLIC WORKS OF CANADA. There is no country which possesses canals of the magnitude and importance of those in Canada. The elevation from tide-water to Lake Ontario (exceeding two hundred feet) is overcome by seven canals of various lengths, from twelve miles to one mile, (but in the aggregate only forty-one miles of canal,) having locks two hundred feet in length between the gates, and forty-five feet in width, with an excavated trunk, from one hundred to one hundred and forty wide on the water-surface and a depth of ten feet water. From Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, an elevation of three hundred and thirty feet is surmounted by a canal twenty-eight miles in length, with about thirty cut-stone locks one hundred and fifty feet long, by twenty- six and a half feet wide, designed for propellers and sail craft. These locks will pass a craft of about five hundred tons burden, while those on the St. Lawrence havea capacity double this amount. The total cost of this navigation may be set down at twelve millions of dollars. The St. Lawrence canai was designed for paddle-steamers, which are required as tugs, or to ascend against the current; but from the magnitude of the rapids and their regular inclination, the aid of the locks is not required in descending the river. Large steamers, drawing seven feet water, with passengers and the mails, leave the foot of Lake Ontario in the morning, and reach the wharves at Montreal by daylight, without passing through a single lock. At some of the rapids there are obstacles preventing the descent of deeply-laden craft, but the govern- ment are about to give the main channel in all the rapids a depth of ten feet water, when the whole descending trade by steam will keep the river, leaving the canals to the ascending craft. The time required for the descent of a freight-steamer from the head of Lake Ontario to Montreal is forty-eight hours; the rates of freight have ranged from twelve and a half cents (the lowest) per barrel, for flour, to twenty-five cents, including tolls. The upward trip requires about sixty hours, and the freight per ton ranges from $1 50 to $3 for heavy goods. ‘The ruling freight on railroad iron last year from Montreal to Cleveland was $2 50 per gross ton, and for the return cargo of flour thirty cents per barrel, tolls included in both cases. These rates are yet fluctuating, as the long voyage is new, and are 382 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON so much influenced by the amount of up-cargo obtained that they cannot yet be considered settled. It is believed that the freight on flour from Lake Erie to Montreal (including tolls) will be brought down ‘to twenty cents, and on iron up to $2. The construction of a ship-canal from the St. Lawrence to Lake Champlain, so as to bring the propellers of Chicago to Burlington and Whitehall, is now engaging the consideration of the Canadian govern- ment. ‘This project originated with the Hon. John Young, chief commissioner of public works in Canada; and there is little doubt, from the favor it has received from the public, that it will be speedily accomplished. ‘The cost would only be between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000, and its construction is indispensable to protect the rev- enues of the St. Lawrence canals from the competition of the Ogdens- burg railroad. ‘The construction of such a work must produce a cor- responding enlargement of the Northern New York canal, whereupon there will be a connexion between Lake Erie and tide-water on the Hudson, via the St. Lawrence, which may be navigated, without transshipment, downward in four, and wpward in five days. The returns of trade on the Canadian canals give indication of de- cided and satisfactory progress in the leading articles of up and down freight. The receipts for tolls upon the Welland canal in 1851 are thirty-three per cent. higher than in 1850. On the St. Lawrence, although tonnage has increased, the tolls have not—the revenue being here reduced by rebatement of toll on cargoes which have passed the Welland. The following shows the progress of leading articles of up and down freight on the Welland canal in 1850 and 1851: Down Trade. ———_—_ Articles. 1850. 1851. VBE ont AEG Oe A 5d S edb Se bboo doo Go Sou S bushels. . 3,232,986 4,326,336 Gorn te clare were soen eee aie: or cyerneretatemecle cote amare custere 09 Gb 575,920 1,553,800 BEVO Uae MESS oe tater clewtantatonetia ciel nies co suentelerdste delet: barrels. . 396, 420 525,170 Ga FE ar etapa ‘ate tebe. « kveepa/ahehersn, iocsnepen Seobae-aenenare sas tons. . 5,053 6,462 le lerraysy swale navel /eyeG lao Bs oa Aidis adiGidine Gc’ pounds.. 3,982, 720 8,485, 120 The increase is greater than shown by these figures—the column for 1850 being the whole down trade; while that for 1851 shows the entries at Port Colborne only—the whole down trade not being attainable. Up trade. Articles. | 1850. 1851. Pee Uinor al et OUl st cieidere a ctyien/ am Setee lotn/sicl via a iaa.e as pounds.. 75,803,840 156, 784,326 Cast and wrought iron nailsand spikes.......... dol. . ee 16,486, 400 26,093, 760 General merchandiser . -ceniere sheweyes eens ose doit... 17,958, 080 24,064,320 Sugar, molasses, and coffee. ...cs.csseccce veces dOinw +4 7,781, 760 19,350,320 Bio aNd SETUP WOM cine /aie's ec velatnhe tee ce Ne L's ahha ess domo 6, 648, 320 14,519,680 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 383 The gross tolls received from the Welland canal in 1850 were $151,703 Rae Ney ER Hon PRO O wa GOMis Fe xe ST. LAWRENCE CANALS. So Wen 200,000 The comparative movement of leadimg articles on these canals for 1850 and 1851 was as follows: Down trade. l Articles. 1850. 1851. Du cs oses coe eda spon Bees sea a6 Jaret barrels. .| 643,352 731,412 Peete wield rayate c 2 wie ess ool see, o's ais: se) sajeie suaie bushels. . 415,510 @ 094,731 APRA ea arctic alga oats aro )oig! tayo 00s) «ound wie) 6.aieid! em eieie ore) ene do... 79,480 122,310 Up trade Articles. 1850. 1851. pet GRMN TINT Solas cles os & ise ai'oia'ia/ aise 6 vie win waseia) « pounds.. 39,179, 840 61,900,160 Pigs and scrap iron........ paltditio als! ox\'s/ 60s cateter oie Gloeyers 22,077,440 22, 723, 120 Wrought iron nails and spikes .........+-..000. GO. we 20,742, 400 25,527,040 stones olass, and earthen wares’... . 066 aie «sis o's'<'s dose. 4,079,040 5, 123,838 Oe peer erate 3) Shsitias oe ays sa\'e) ajay s au es) ade ee, @ ole) 9: tons.. 1, 2825 2,468 AQ ETUCTALMECCHANGISE...:,. » ay o.0 vs 0.4 oo mises wie +h pounds No return. 28,913,920 | Vessels which passed the several canals during the year 1851: British. No. | Tonnage. Tolls Thee NN eiieareceetea ches cas 2 6 Salis sl alle 6 a) aw: nies hays Sate Saal 363, 221 £1,628 pote Mid WTEMCe Gaal wie lah a screw eielan's oho (alee'aisi'w o's 6,656 505,197 1,447 fOWeaminls lpg Ga tales eepen\s, Seid. i aie8 co.) s¥eise bo)» ays 1,517 81,594 193 MSC SLE LE CAMIAL Sos oic0< coin ien o/s oeise wo cee 0s 1998 380,649 | 230 BS Gs RIT MLO eagle te tojc aye) averwile s*aehd cw ole! sven'al See 15926 99,561 | 309 15,454 | 1,430,172 | 3,809 American. | No. | Tonnage. Tolls. BWellandicanalesste ys. dele 2 «dsm sige ates ais cise} 2,336 409,402 £2,436 Se Wa yrenCe CAN se 5. ocad-epeled wpm diese 5 ise ais) 052s 278 21,013 64 Witoutoly, Catal. cs oe soe es ees soleta aeecie sic sa 210 9,147 27 Murlinston By canals poss sleet ws ele 535 101,261 | _ 61 obs AIG AS (LOGICS la a)ojs alleles) stay airyaladords wcaytie: delta 2 61 | 2,846 8 3, 420 | 553, 669 2,598 pene. 384 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Total British and foreign—18,874 vessels; 1,973,841 tons; toll, £6,407. The total movement on the canals for 1851 and three years previous is as follows: Welland canal. | 1848. | 1849. 1850. | 1851. Re wetter ron isles 307,611 351,596 399 , 600 — 691, 627 Passengers. ..ceessesseecree wooege- 2,487 1,640 1,930 4,758 Tonnage of vessels....0.0. eileen | 372,854 468,410 588,100 772,623 St. Lawrence canal. | 1848. 1e49. | 1850, | 1851, { \ WEE SO Seer a us ane Qos to SoG bake 164, 627 213,153 | 288,103 | 450,400 Pr ASSCMGEUS (ois oie alle elnpays[eteyelope'eajaieielate® 2,071 26,997 | 35, "932 33,407 Tounare of vessels... 22.0.0. 200200. 5, 648 5,448 | 6. 169 6,934 Chambly canal. a : : pase | 1848. 1849. | 1850. 1851. beret as [usa alt | Boman DoRAY Mec RN ed 17,835 77,216; 109,040 110,726 [RECSEDES SOBA gu Goon Ge 5 oace sassooe 470 8,430 | 278 1,860 Tonnage of vesselspiiiik 0 ss... sail 659 1,264 | 2,878 1,727 | The receipts of 1851 were £76,216; expenses £12,286. Of the gross tolls the Welland produced £48,241, and the St. Lawrence eae 276. But a most decided proof of the success of the Canadian canals is to be found in the frequent and important reductions which have been made in the tolls of the Erie canal since 1845, the year in which the enlarged Welland canal first came into serious competition with the route through Buffalo. The pelicy of the State of New York has been not only to obtain the largest possible revenue from her canals, but also to protect her own manufactures and products against competition from other quarters; and this she has been enabled hitherto most effectually to accomplish, by levying discriminating tolls. Thus foreign salt was excluded from the western States bya rate of toll about twice its whole value. The toll upon this article in 1845 was three cents per 1,000 lbs. per mile, or $21 78 per ton of 2,000 Ibs., (about three dollars per bar- rel;) while the toll upon New York State salt was only one-thirteenth part of that upon the foreign article. In 1846, (the first year after the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 385 opening of the enlarged Welland canal,) the tolls on foreign salt were reduced one-half, and a still greater amount on New York State salt. The next year a further reduction of thirty-three per cent. took place ; and in 1850 the toll was again reduced one-half, so that it is now only one-sixth the rate charged in 18453; but it is still subject to a tax five times as great as that paid by New York State salt. In like manner railroad iron, in 1845, paid a toll of nine mills; in 1846 this was reduced to five mills; in 1850, to four mills; in 1851, to two and a half mills; and in 1852, to one and a half mill. Almost every other article of heavy goods and merchandise for up-freight has likewise undergone frequent and heavy reductions in toll on the Erie canal, since the Welland and St. Lawrence came into competition with it. In the down trade, flour and wheat have been reduced thirty-three per cent.; corn and oats, from four and a half mills to two mills ;_ pork, bacon, lard, and lard oil, from four and a half mills to one and a half mill; beef, butter, cheese, tallow, beer, cider, vinegar, from four anda half to three mills. Almost every other article of down-freight has undergone like reductions. Likewise the discrimination in favor of pot and pearl ashes and window glass manufactured in New York State has been abandoned ; the State retaining only a discriminating toll against salt and gypsum from other States or countries. There can be no question but that the whole western country would have been annually taxed, both upon their exports and imports, a much larger amount than is now paid by them, in order to swell the revenue of the Erie canal, had it not been for the healthful competition of the Canadian works. As anexample: the reduction in the tolls on railroad iron since 1845 amounts to $5 44 per ton of 2,000 lbs. The amount of this iron which reached Lake Erie in 1851 was— epee ia TO yialO Oe 46,876,427 eee Clam canal 0) lidhe (rie. ep ci pee we oe 156,784,320 203,660,747 equal to 101,830 tons of 2,000 lbs.; and the reduced toll on this one ar- ticle would be $553,955 20. It has been estimated by the late Hon. Robert Rantoul, jr., M. C., that the northwest will require 100,000 tons of railroad iron per annum for the next five years, upon which they will now pay more than half a million of dollars less, in tolls alone, than they would have paid before the enlarged Welland canal was opened. Again: over 220,000 tons of wheat and flour, and 150,000 tons of corn, from western States, were shipped eastward from Buffalo in 1851, the reduction on the tolls of which amounts to $512,830 from the rates of 1845; besides some 185,000 tons of wheat and flour, and 40,000 tons of corn which passed down through the Welland, to the most of which the reduced toll should be applied. Thus the eastern States, in their imports of three articles from the West, as well as the western ones, in their import of one article from the East, have each obtained a reduction of transit dues amounting to over half a million of dollars, which is mainly to be ascribed to the construction of the ship-canals of Canada. 386 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Again: the tolls on the Erie canal upon tobacco are four times greater if “‘going from tide-water”’ than if “going toward”’ it, by which policy it is hoped to draw this article from the lower Ohio, Missouri, &c., to the eastern States and the seaboard through this canal. This discrim- ination in direction has been abandoned in respect of other articles, and will follow with tobacco, because no similar distinctions are made on the Welland. The auditor of the canal department, in his report on the tolls, trade, and tonnage for 1850, bears the following evidence to the influence of the Welland canal: ‘The diversion of western trade from Buffalo to Oswego has also considerably affected the revenue. While there has been 36,475 tons Jess of this trade entered the canal at Buffalo in 1850 than in 1849, the western tonnage coming in at Oswego has increased by 41,664 tons.’ The State engineer of New York, in his report of February, 1851, urging the necessity of the enlargement of the Erie canal, says that its full capacity will be reached in 1852, and, after remarking that the cost of transport is one and a-half cent per ton per mile, says, ‘‘ There are lines of communication now built, and in progress of construction, which can take freight at a cheaper rate; and, after alluding to the Og- densburg railroad, he says, ‘But there is another, and I apprehend a still cheaper route, by water to Lake Champlain, soon to come into competition at the North, which will produce as cheap or cheaper rates to Boston than the above. The freight by that route afloat on Lake Champlain may find cheaper transport to New York than to Boston. It will not pass through the Erie canal, and will be diverted from Al- bany by cheaper routes.’ Lastly, he says, ‘‘Canada and Boston have not yet perfected all their works. All will soon have their whole ma- chinery in motion. Their plans are not the product of blindness or folly—they are the results of good judgment and a just appreciation of the great boon sought and the best means of attainment.’ The effect of the Canadian navigation on the imports of western States is ascertained by the 5C(,000 tons of iron (American property) imported last year via Quebec. The large amount of tonnage entermg Quebec in ballast in quest of timber will bring in coal, iron, slate, salt, and other heavy articles at about half the rates now charged on these articles to New York. While, therefore, ocean freights inward are so much less than at New York, the abundance of timber enhances all other freights outward to more than double that from New York. The position of the two ports is reversed: it is the outward voyage which pays at Quebec, while at New York flour has been carried ow¢ for six pence sterling per barrel to Liverpool. When the effect of the repeal of the navigation laws brings more vessels into Quebec than are required for timber, outward freights from the lakes may pour down the St. Lawrence, and the rates of freight come down to a standard which will make the whole cost of shipment from the lakes to Europe via the St. Lawrence as favorable as via New York. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 387 THE MAGDALEN ISLANDS. This group of islands occupies a prominent position, almost in the centre of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and directly in the track of vessels bound up the gulf for Quebec. Including the Bird and Brion islands, which evidently form part of the group, the whole length of the range is about fifty-six miles in an east-northeast direction. Amherst island, the most southern of the chain, is nearly oval, nearly six miles in length, and three and a half in extreme width. Its harbor is the best in the chain, with a narrow but straight entrance, over a soft ooze bar, for vessels drawing eleven to twelve feet water. This island is eighteen leagues northwest of Cape Breton; the same north- ward of Prince Edward island. It is thirty-six leagues from the nearest point of Newfoundland, seventy-five leagues from the French settle- ments at St. Pierre and Miquelon, and one hundred and eighty leagues eastward of Quebec. The central portions of the Magdalen islands rise into hills, varying from twe hundred to five hundred and eighty feet above the sea, their tops are rounded. Oa the sides of these hills are found stratified de- posites of sandstones and ochreous clays, with gypsum in the hollows and basins, and also occasionally in veins. The water of many springs and rivulets is so salt as to be unfit for use; and although rock salt has not yet been found, yet it is believed to exist in these islands. The gypsum forms an article of export. On one of the group it is found of exceeding fine quality, and very white, approaching to ala- baster in purity. The principal dependence of the inhabitants is upon the cod fishery, although they also prosecute the herring and seal fisheries to some extent. There are at present upon these islands about two thousand inhabit- ants, the majority of whom are French Acadians. The fisheries around the Magdalen islands are very excellent, and afford a profitable return to the industry of those who prosecute them. If arrangements were entered into by which our citizens could have the right of setting up fishing stations on these islands, and of prose- cuting the various prolific fisheries in the surrounding seas, it would be of very great advantage to them, and open a wide field for their energy and enterprise. They would also gain the early and late fisheries, from which they are now debarred, whose advantages have been already mentioned. These islands were formerly attached to the government of New- foundland, but at present they are under the jurisdiction of the Cana- dian government. ‘The whole group was granted by the British gov- ernment to Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, R. N., for distinguished services ; by him they were bequeathed in strict entail to his nephew, Captain John Townsend Coffin, R. N., the present proprietor, and to his heirs male forever. The value of the various products of the fisheries exported from the Magdalen islands in 1848 was $224,000; but it is believed that this did not include large quantities of such products carried off in fishing o80 | ANDREWS’ REPORT ON vessels not cleared at the custom-house. But even the amount men- tioned is quite large as compared with the population, and furnishes proof of the bountiful abundance of the fisheries in the vicinity of the Magdalens, which need only the preserving industry, energy, and skill of our fishermen to be rendered a mine of wealth. ; 389 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 968° T | SSa'9 L6p'SLE'T 688‘S 898 Eh 1 GLO‘S OFF GLG'L | I6I'9 EbL 688. 689 ‘E S66 GOL I R8E ‘fF 088" L66 P9G'F 626 ‘816 99¢‘P 956‘ LOS LOL" OrS‘N0S ost‘¢ £0e ‘S09 PLS‘¢ SGE "SEs 190°¢ 861 "91S 990‘F GLE 6SF 691° IL8‘ 18h PIE‘s PPS‘ LLP 008 ‘% 0%¢‘TI9 G89‘e 809 ‘9TE 288 ‘T COP ‘9FG 6eS ‘T "suo Ty, * TOQUUIN AY *poiea[9 LT TS geg‘nec‘T | 6s¢‘9 Tel Eset “Pest 9 OIS‘tFP‘T | 901‘8 C16‘G6S‘T | 9L6‘9 129 ‘168 189‘€ P19‘LA0‘T | FLE‘F 9FL ‘LG 608 ‘F 966‘ L66 GhO'F GPL‘ 80E GEs‘T 9PE‘18P 981 ‘E G6L "88S goc's 19F ‘SES 660‘E 106‘€0¢ P10‘F EL¢‘ISh 6LI‘S 0z0‘9F GIES GEE ‘OCF OLG‘S 668 ‘909 979‘¢ 916‘ 86% LEL‘T 106‘ LE% 66F ‘T “suo Ty, *I9quiIn NT *poroyuy “HIVNNOL ITYLOL RS U €88 “9TS Te9'€ ese "PIS 769‘¢ G86 SSF 980°& | BLE‘ LID CBS‘E 6h9 ‘£95 Chi oe || Jeo oles LOLS PEL‘ TOG 6LS°S | O01 ‘SIS 069 ‘Z IEE ELG oso’ BLL" ELS 9FS‘T 89h TOE PES T | O18 666 69G‘T POP ELE 669'T | TOL‘18% G69 ‘T LLE ‘OTE G06‘L | IP6‘LOE 666‘T G9E 8e1 TLL €69 ‘OBI €8L 600. 666 ore'T PH9 ‘0 IG. 1 GHG SLE 969 1 OIL’ 096 igs ‘T PGP LEG GET | GEG" HES 168‘T 066 76S | OSETT | 9P8'STS =|: GTE'T WHS 996 | LETT | SLE°eS@ | LOTT BLL 696 | OLT'T | €66'6hS =|: 9RTT E6096 | 9EOTT | 099886 =| _ 9F0'T 996 ‘91% P8S‘T | 0&9'TLE PLg‘T OLP ‘OFT PBL Lee‘ LPT POL 76899 soe G09 ‘09 cie “suo T, * TOQUIN Ny “suo T, *Toquin NY *poeiea[D *po.lequny "STUSSHA HSILIUG E10'L66 | FE9'S C1S‘6I6 £08 ‘% POG ‘068 00g ‘s QTL LLh GI9‘E 868 ‘9T9 GELS LGL*008 £98‘S 916‘§S9 GE9‘G GSB" G99 799% 16S ‘6LI 966 TES ‘TLG O18 ‘T 190‘ 0&€ 8L6‘T 106 ‘S6% GOL‘T SEL ‘16S 9FL‘S BGL "GG GhO'T €60'G1 | SET 'T O16 966 F9S‘T PSG ‘SEE LOT'S BEL ‘OLT 660‘T ILS ‘681 PS‘T "suo J, *19qUIN NT paleBao CLO‘STO‘LT | Se6‘s GGL’ 688 918% €18°906 6EE‘S G18" LLL 9£9‘§ Err SI9 GET'S P08’ L8L GI8‘S Cr0‘9F9 P19 ‘% SSE" 689 60L‘S 640 ‘88 6S0‘T COL LL] 698°T G89 ‘86 1961 666008 =| TOL'T GSE ‘066 669 ‘G 861 ‘861 G10‘T L&0‘90G 661 ‘T BOL ‘CBB PEB‘T 666 ‘SEE CLOG 6LS' OFT €86 966 ‘OLT PST ‘T ‘suo T, * aq uIN NY *porequy "STUSSHA NVOINANY ran epee eet) [CLS pbb (FHL 9 e@es0ee eooe ee ee e ° e e : e s ** 6P8T 8st “LIST OPT *“crsl ** PPsel **St8L “GPsl “181 “Orsl ** 681 **8E8T ** LEST **9E8T CEST rest *“eesl SIRO K ranasnpaur ‘TGRT OF CERT woLf ‘hyonuun sjsod ayn) ayp wolf patna pun wm pasajqua yorym “wpouny pun sarnIgY panuy ay) woamjog apud) ays ur pahojdua ‘asouyo) way) osyo pun ‘spassaa usia4of pun unrrsoup fo soquint ays Guapqryza quamajnjg—T ‘ON ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 390 ° 886 ‘LOT ¥86'T O&l FL ooo 886 ‘GOL lpr ‘p 900 ‘¢ 609 ‘1 662, OLI'T 20P 86 “TS81 "007 s,auuy 4g G08 ‘PBL |" "°° "| «069*S26 | s6s‘o6 | PEL ‘SrE | BrO‘RZT) Zzs‘ss |Sfs6g ‘cre ose ‘TE eeeeeraces ess ‘6g |M%LOL‘s¢ css ‘st |5£00F ‘ocr “ACG uopsuypANg “A[queyy $08 ‘S18 siei#i ale arere:ninieieele Patan 289A JO OSeUUO} [HJ0], 082 ‘8 ‘Op’ ‘sputy [1B Jo 8y80g 18p‘g |'dequinu’** -sueduassvg OST ‘O9F | OF9 ‘PHF G18‘9LF | BOT‘OOL | OOT‘L8a | OLPF'89F Gor’) =| errs | sro'g |. ot6'p toL'p | 810% 66°98 | 166°96 | 11012 |ABaL't 886 ‘T 069 'T ASOL'88G | EST “STS! 196 °6ST |F4199 ‘169 | 009 ‘668 \2¢969 ‘Tas |TT9‘L08 |" OP******** “1810, G29 8h | 140118 |_ 009'8 922 ‘OFT | 060'66 | 9989'S, [E110 '69 |" *Op"*** “sermpouinaEy %600'% | L¥G‘LT |*8I8 b 90h Ih |HPOp's 186 Gh |APSE ch |° "OD" “oR ‘ostpuBqoIoy ¥Og's | SIs'h | B09 Alek | SVL'sk |Aseo'LL [APPS TE |"°Op:"-"**--eonposd [einqynoize 19y19 IGT | $88 |F18G = | E98 ag ee 9 Ma 2 mei Oo NU : : %189'08 | 10S ‘68 |4108 18 |%TIT ‘OFS | 691 'GFL | FES'TFT [£090 ‘OST |" OP""*"POoy eIqujadaq POLIO | FOG‘OT | S10 ‘ses |%ere‘Fst | OT8‘0L | T98‘89 |%FEO‘6ES | Ges‘20T | gac‘sh | B06'so |*8404 480107 “OS8T “6P8T "SPST *TSST. *0S8T “6FST "SPST | *aoydr1ose(y ‘QOUdIME'T “Ig *pueyio Ma ‘sivah surpara4d aa.ty? Puno TGQT wah ay? of ‘yaoT 8 auUupy 76g) pun ‘spouDs hog uosuying pun ‘hjquoy 9 ‘eauaimuyT 3g) ‘punyagy ayn uo fatadord fo ,juamanou ,, 70202 ayn fo quawagnjs anrgoindwojy—z, ‘ON 391 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. “gqaoduay syy Jo Ono BY} YSMSU.4STp 07 01GB Butoq you o,UOIOY, JO 10J9a][09 on} ‘MORTPHUTY 4B SUOyAOdo.U woIy poze[NI{¥o exv yAOd BIG} 16; SUDINIOS G61T} SB] EYE} “WANIET ON » Pe ae ee OFL ‘6 +90'¢ ‘Givielier aisle «ie,eislblefelivl e)/eaiuis islet rwlelelalelo ele (eleieissisvele.elslsis a ereie 0FL ‘6 OFL ‘6 Soe ivan cfw oats eee RET aR ener eee teers ores F9G‘S ewer coe ee eee ceeel| eee rere rarer soos |eoese eases oeeseeeosoi sess eeregeeeevane F9G'S 9G @ eee emer ee seer ore r eee sere se eeeeeeeeeee ia i 9cL ‘IL 896 ‘IL OF6 ‘0B Pete w me meee ences elor es ern roses enee CLL ‘TL 6C6 ‘TT. PZL ‘SS eee e eet ewe c eres ere rere sesneresesees e [[VMUIOD aCe ee ee OOL‘T courececevad guealeceacecs, Sea ccivee|pevveceonsevecseilanadevectoupasevuse OUOL'T OOL ‘I pe Decne teeNe peep ge Sito — pre > aes ea purple 286 ‘61 082 ‘613 10 ‘GG OFO ‘OT | aiibacalienmdaeidae |e HOCHOS 89) ‘FOL GIL 683 epi 2 ee ah oe ce lee he SI 879 ‘T 856 ‘6% eae ere e sree eee eee ele ee eee ese eeesoene 8F9 ‘TL 8t6 63 969 Oe a as ea ee ae et AQUU AL coc cers tooo uece 829 'Z SP oP Cee e era Meno vccscelecc cress vest eceas 08g ‘Z 829 2 Ricrcturley stale cilevsists alis)erelie\ eis eve plenaalu(ecere per mors aro AN 826 ‘TOP ‘T 000 ‘008 ‘T 000 ‘00% G19 ‘98 006 ‘F 9€8 ‘FIO'T 029 ‘¢e¢'T £86 ‘109 ‘6 GE i RE Oe Se RE ea POLY B13 ‘FR 896 LT. Seer ewer eee reser 2GZ ‘CG ZIG‘S G18 ‘786 969 °603 Se ee ees ee ed 899 ‘6L ewer eee eee see oreo lee ee ees e Geese eeeel|eeseerereereseeeeveevrliseeseeeeeeeeeeaee 899 6L 899 61 eee er eer ee eee e eee ae eereeeeeeee Rs crete BIUIvE ee eT 86) ‘ELT eee seco ee ewe casa el [sees eeeseees eres l|eeereseereerseseseeeroioeeseerer eee sones 83) ‘ELT. 861 SLT PEPE ik RN, DOING Re eee aha ae ee dpe Sl: eee e eee eeoereoeee 966 ‘08 9cF woot ese ee eee ee ooleee se oO eoeeseeeeeel|e erase eaes eases eanee 966 ‘08 966 08 be taseccis vine hese Sah aoe Suns RR ee UVMOF eres eee es eoserese 986 ‘ZL eee sree see see bovoess estes oes eeeseeeeesl|eoeee eset eaneeeeee kee 983 ‘SL 98% ZL SALT ES eh appears ge Sa” © a et neopuoy 660 ‘TL #80 ‘6G 619 ‘OT 8F9'% 8ZT 918 ‘8 #80 ‘6 9LT ‘OL TUS VON SS TULLE SEES SSIys uojsusand ‘ oe @ alietelehetalpie! sla uieieintates|iaieletste@refeiela) piel s)'alsiels ¢ I Sanaa ¢ BODO OOOO UTED OD OCDODU DOOD DODODOG SOO0 CT AGS OIG yoy ry nn UO Se ee ga cee seni peace | ec ea OOS 886 77 ia eae ae ae eo erceer ewer eee a rene OF8 wore eee se eee oe awe weitere eeereereseeerleeoeeeoereeeres sees ieeeeneeeseoeee sees OFS OFS cee ee ieee ee en re ee ns et Lage a a eM UTLOS §,U9MO 9G ‘OL 91¢ ‘tp 896 ‘LT $96 ‘OLT ee er ee eS 91¢ ‘SP OF8 (ZIG Pe ie I ei Site ch Tac hh Ane dak i ced A ile 826 (8 626 (08 POT i 009 T ee core 626 (08 O8T 68 ‘ REST Se ee ee jah 894 ‘90T POL 616 029 ‘TS 9698 08g ‘8 F036 '86 616 ‘ST6 666 920 'T IRM Mer A eee tes P09 (st BLP (09 966 (1 es ae ma LA OL ea aIP (09 910 62 Siete nye eater pia oa oi oon G68 ‘BLT 'T 80F 610 ‘T 610 ‘SPS 680 ‘8 969 ‘0B 968 ‘PSI T 98) ‘FrO'T 008 ‘S6I ‘3 wh vous ts UO} ET Siefeio Visysle she oe 01s 0)~ |\e\e\wiaiinlejn Siwiajaix « 0/¢ «+1096 e[nsinjeis 01 06 ce |e «sisieieidin slole © oes 4 |e eg eve ainiaieie © #0 eile elalyia cleieiricig » ».e\0\0\||6 (0m) siGajeiniolaisie e0,e |e wie © eS s sinjeis coe e\l\e aie ci sie c/eicceccicisieie.s sje es cine es)tije erie es Sie 8 aOR ey seers eer ees e eles eeee sore eer eves 0s¢ ‘0 we wee eee eee tee ee l(t eee eee e Hee eeoeieenseeoresroeeeeeesiaerereereees* sone 08¢ ‘OT 0se¢ ‘OL IRE OAC DUELING ALE RESALE IO OL C0 1.165) NO) S| were weer ewes cere pediae BICICICIAICISICICICISICICIC ICH (CICIOICICIOIOIOIDICIORIOICEOIGH (CICICRCEC ECHOICE ION NONUNCICNON (CiCICIC NT ECic ic ic ici icici eric Z6¢ ‘98 269 ‘98 hace aI ad ee OR a ap ce ae ge LIN Bieie 16 gipleleie pile) eels ler. 0F8 ‘OTT. 008 ‘g er er coer eereereecesl/eo ese erersregeee sees Soin hee eo OFS ‘OLL OFS OTT See RY eG ag See Bs ae eee ee 826 283 ‘08 O8L‘s eres ecw er ee esosresie reese sseeoreseeee O8L'G 08¢ ‘92 091 18 eece sees esos ee . siete wh 3 IAC 082 919 ‘CL OFS eee ror eseereer ores |e eee arses oese sees 08% 919 ‘CL 9¢6 CL aietetatats icnaboletonaicielelabereraiere uo Surpieg re ae eee ay pee romero 18 a0 ae: RES ee eS ae ei were ere re eesesee gcc ‘g eee eee ens as ees ee| ttt eeeeaeeeeeeeelerereseereseee see sen e aes ee eseaeae gcc ‘8 gcc ‘sg . WpIatpM gIc’y 9c‘) # gcse ale cicin sivieig ¢ viele aiciersis ein otis cies sleicie/ae7= SOTTO ION 616 ‘9r Piage | ipersce | --e0le The as 00 A 790 (oe cv alll (elie cee ierprerorsesthhcs: prebtehe tS" vivsteeeeeesenne! Zar égrg 996 9g Spore pies @6L'T 703 ‘918 OoI (S18 ee ie een @rrreeee ose eeeee 969 ‘IG 9/8 ewer eee cee ee eee e lee ee eee eoeree eee elsown eee soeee eens 969 ‘1¢ 969 1¢ wmeqyeyyg Gjeisaleln © cose w cen |is saints weiss ccs abe cilic ce tlewin coe sce ore g Ceres e tenon necr| eve gees Face Feet vowmawaneeca eee esicaespececsceeseelecsnuvagrwesscesesiitenecenevecscocescesoaseseeessest ss teces pvoypuog, uN pee a me eh 806/e1 ce 28 | eal Reccpeec ican atch nici ye Sear eC OIEE Peer eee rere esece 911 ‘GG Rei niSNip Ha erka gains wisISNS xn RAM SN HLA, SR Aten 2 shay 8 lay S 8) ae RRND GRE ene ni 9:rFose 911 ‘Gg 9TL ‘G9 Wie Da Ae ee Es Ak te a NN 08s PNG ‘8 0G See ee ee eC Ca osse F0G‘S $986 Wyre g91$ 919 ‘PTS acest gore weet nee r weer eeesloese ener aeeeesee 919 ‘FI PSE ‘CIP ener *SinqysayuWy “anpod “ON] DA "ONDA “anynA “anujoA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eee tweet eee neene 91¢‘) ilo vere let eltnvataia aetna |mraletets\aia)sls\ere iele/alin/s!|(sl'niele) pip) w\elia-efeletsiniala\| aimee laleiaieiaiace Rra(ain . . ° . > . . . . ° . . ° . . . . . . . . . . . : rw *90udT -MOT 4Q CIA *S9}BIO "() VIA *SeTUO[OO Uvd “sqaed Te ‘gos £q poj1od ‘pueyur pez.iod *s1.10d *sortqun0d -1IOULY U}.10 Nr UII *s0yt19 mow poz.tcd “Ul ON[VA [BJOY, | “Wl on[eA [vjOT,| -wr popuog TayyO WOAT ysyiig wodyr 4vo.ly WOT poywuQ wmoOAg | -Wl on[vA [eyoy, *BYL0g “papsodua yoryn hq INL 9Y) PUD aDUdYN WOLf sarAqUNOD 9Y) YIM ‘TCRT Ue ‘ od yova yo ‘npyuny ojua sjsodua fo anjna ay) sumnoys qUIMAIDIG—'E ‘ON . ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ‘MALT °*O BOL ‘TOP ‘FT Peete eee er odes done bee bees reer re ddoe eee ese eee nee eee 668 ‘OT 089 ‘g¢ elr'Is £86 er eC aC eC orem ah wee eee eens eee tem esr eco ee hove eee eee we eee vobos 029 ‘123 ‘8 FU aise 061260 '8. eee eee borer teense hee ewe we we hoo e ante OOtId.L “MOY “4S BIA “eas fq poysod ‘SOHL 611 ‘881 ‘8 ey 928 (1 PPL ‘16 826 *6 088 T 610 ‘9 61 ‘81 B16 ‘1 996 °S OBL 6S 966 ‘ETT 919 'p Goh LPG ‘T G66 (16 989 (11 80 9F 18 180 T £86 LT $98 ‘4 889 ‘ST BE ‘6 0G8 (SB 00°L SPS LT 886, (82 ‘LOT 866 ‘GT PrP ‘6 BOS STS “SOYUIS “) PIA ‘puyyur poz.10d 828 ‘0FG‘T. oe CC a ec ee bevse eooner wees were bem een ee enne ee 696 88% “10 AS Ae 098 ‘BLT. aioe eawiaai 800 ‘9 $0 ‘SL come ee ew howe ode - Ce CC ee ey bebe sebum seen ovet *sqiod 916 ‘686 a ) ee deedoeoe eee sow ne ower swowe oe bbe wens bdedees bee dboee *soTjUNOd 00F ‘L6F eee mem ee wade wees bao eb be cere we sdeoe bower erebee no vee ewes oor ete oe bone 809 ‘ST 618 ‘P See ee te ee eww ooo coer wee er eb ae boas wee wero eo ese ooee Bde eer sseseseboveee Sewer eee ester toes 86S ‘89T 708 aN Oe oe eo ie fate Ne ot icles. eee t G66 GSS aS ee 0. Si ER ih. ae eee ws che oh, iA re ee i ee a i erry Pees eee ese er bdo "anynAd *saIMO]OD TO 868 ‘918 ‘E Ce ie a ar a) Ce ee te rd Ce ea) 668 ‘OL 268 ‘68 PSP ‘OF MRIS os, 409 ‘9ST 008 P86 '888 2 ees CC Ce i i ee i ey *anyn4 982 ‘986 ‘8 es 918 'T VhL 16 866 § GEG 'T OFS 088 'T 61) ‘9 G18 (St Clo 996 °S OGL (2 SOT ‘LET. 19% 69 FLL 1 261 (16 969 IT OOF OF BLE ‘180 °T $86 LT $98 °L 8G9 ‘ST BEG ‘8 028 °&s FO0°L GPG ‘LT 882 966 ‘GOT 826 ‘GT PPP '9 708 ‘S$ “ONLjDA OFF ‘0G ‘82 ee ee 018 1 Tage cpemteere VL 1G eee ER ake a aie 826 8 et Sua EET aaras 089 (69 Go '89 096 ‘9 61 ‘st 613 'T 996 °9 OBL GS Ba ae 8 9 eee ap) 989 ‘TI 804 '9F ; POT LLB P86 ‘LE 98 ‘2 889 ‘SI GES ‘°S ee 36 F00°2 8FS ‘LT 886, ey 826 ‘G PPP 9 P08 ‘aI$ *s1ind ][v eee bee see eae ‘Best ‘T Any ‘I waUsNoTy * 1800 nit" PION ce ebee plojywmeys "* "OT BUD MON "T OLIR 8g NBG . . serene be anee eee eee + O[SITIVQ MONT a eg saip oy adsexy “goulyy oonig ** BANQGIOV][V AL ee uls|q “e-gonveg BT ee eee “seuvdtny eo eewebe saqony vse 8 soto ng sess uyOr 4g "5s peoqsuRIg ree HOMOg “++ Zimgsdrymyg “5 "* 1ea.Quoyy tt 5588 grote “**uopsununyy * PlOj saw FT “8 HlolaleRy "+ Sinqsysipo.ug *a][LANUAAVIO see eee sisoy "419 * SUISIBY XNV BIOTA see bee eee bee "* 900S01g “*** UMOJVIIV]T **-enbouvury “+++ ssggpung -1JaWy YAON ysyig wo.y UIRILIG qeolyg WO. mow po.od -UWl ONI[BA [B} Oy, "307019 “Ut ON[VA [eIOT, poylug mor, “UL On[ RA [BzOJ, “ll popuog ojo WoAy ‘sql0og 392 “‘penunu0oO-—— LNA LV Ls ethene ip th tit nen A COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 393 No. 4.—Statement showing the value of exports from Canada, at each port, in 1851, with the countries to which exported. EXPORTED TO— Ports. Total value. Gt. Britain. |B. N. Ameri-| U. States. Other can colonies. countries. Amherstburg .....,..4+. B19 AB ew ee = wn a ow otlotallefe ot pews $79,480 |..-+eeees ER er aichelg sda arcjeies oss AO ereselatalsniavelelele| aches tere ratey she 21,428 |.c.eesecee TAMMIE. co cic'e. oo a's es 147,368 HL © cbelehels <2) sl folistie ef Salo sie ce 147,368 |.......0- r oon A ee 132,360 |..... FG Ps a Calo aoe IS PMEI See eebe |: : Or Tl rr BUG TORE Ecce o godless occ ooned 6 SIP TSIS Ge erseoo- a Chippewa .. 0 sec sscesees (o82ts) Pddscbdccdodese sc aGagac (HG SAR one eee Ce ian TAGE (6 ehcc Se dnddclesdodtbesdon WL GLP eo leastenet ta ° BMI NOEAE) Fo. SAOMOM Oe ciniels aersteis as $11, 160 317,296 $27, 618 arlington... ... 200-05: AO ASU) WEARS 55 SRN Cc coe DOE IGU Wares eeleye wie Le Se ee ae HET Ee IOMIGE 6 on on Spidie wooo dso: cor [EOL Par oerades Wrammimgiile ./....6- 0.2 te ees oD a eee ee aR AG Je .c 76,416 8,748 NOE A arieis eoceew es Ona eee tie dos cl CEC RCAC CIC oe 3 elo ices coc nic crc Gadericlt e5jc0 0.2... 5s 3208 aceccmecocd|ectscdodocse Be 2 bilete creole ero Grantor eis)o se \oie ve eis oe 2 Sy IIe) aataleMe petals ie¥e ellerto er ob et eeta etelal Be Inccoacedss Elainarliemyan i. cies 63... 6 sic Sin, DOM). are «NES 12,004 BIS hotell Ain Ginibacicic Biapaie oe as). So orate ADOSAOS NC. rae eas £ Be ca oa 100,408 |........- : PGi Ssh seis oi) se ay oe ADE OliGiiaretereteteet kata cielictvevetes hoc stey 4 APS ONG irae «sate . RAAT GANA. Selsilele siviss sos PUSS Ae Isthek oebelst alee eielslce ate te USS WIN: lect etetels Givlevaillen: .islelseic lets. sss). PP ZROS OR Te. ce cvara shal fe. te cere, ote P22 ASSOM EM cee aoe : Owen’s Sound.......... AGH hotles oso Vadlela sl ofc achcehere's Gas len 2 ste als Penetanguishene........ SA UO! |e ape; syelalelel ers lerere o's cle sere) se SHGOT. eles am sare Dipliayieeigeiveentietcct sh. DOCU | eiclercale steele cela )\.:.32 stor [eis Settee ihc tote ape Pe hota LE Ys (CI Abe A OC, cA Ye | See oe eA ee ee A Om ERO Se Slab arllo~ ass bee LEAS RENO eYer En ean || Ane Eee Ine Aen ae Renn anion IoRaNAln Ge aliss oo oahalds aéaallouooocclidaaandlsss6cbee OIE SOG SE Caan es oe oaaec Bence nocasd Hoeqcds osetcs Maaamralls anda sbocondod ss GScdlidcgcocd|ly-so0s|loaccmar IEADEP Sugoecasoscodosclocdodjosoce|boso00looc0c00ls0c00 sallsiaoocajloccas 5,620 CV sl Ronn esol|lddodas \ioaatices STC Oe eben sonia c evola Qieratehotelliavesa. 6 |. 6600 5 e.coyae elms 18,684 Arif o\encavete Bion oles YouswsSAsons Gao e5ag- 196, 420] ..0.4 06 awesmemiee 196, 420 ora s*sE eat oee agcoode sie stnenceyere sicre late A 189,876 14, 620 204, 496 THES WILE 2 cs be win «ccs os se ces vce eie s avia os , 918,528 Pine, red....... oS he eee eT. ae 416,232 1605804"); “Eee Staves, standard...... distal alln cals so ewe aleianle loin ole 64,485 16,524 81,012 Staves, other...... shoe einen mgd eals wr 358, 844 1,372 360 , 216 PA atid POALUS .! <6 pore easoysccisinensun cease Sates 937, 480 774,116 1,711,596 Spars, masts, and handspikes............200- 50,216 6,116 96,232 Bathtand firewood. <..¢ Woeite csc. dee telee = olniore 32,076 39 , 800 71,876 Shingles ..).6 6 vote se stem ietetee = oaleteeyerater si eieias 260 20,732 20,992 Cows angiother Gattlejcmin uw cies seekess > 6 ce 40 140,176 140,216 J EICIRE GB OIOs USE SBM Sk Ses dde 4e6 sobddo. 200 185,848 186,048 WVilica.,. < ciate Wetes o cis tee kotele ohaleiewteieretatas eee 144,184 491,760 635,944 SMOUr < ose eile eee Sddbscrcode Sade 1,450,148 1,181,484 2,631,632 Tndigm Corn ..). comes s ofeded ado a tata a ysioye fetes ens\e tals AG OSB: |e ay elerelapeiete ators 26,056 Barley andi recut. < s/s cteye ante o's © estelols = Bab os. 440 75,596 76,036 Beansiand peas vos «cio tiselttiaie inn deve cetels aos ate 40,208 41,588 81,796 Daisersk 0 sere A Domincimo biopsied Gedo 4 GhIG Et Pppole- 135, 768 137,980 LOO Soe e pe eB LS Sooke srokenvatesiol ste a eianeveiaen iste at 195,728 38,004 233, 732 Beirne oo hat olin stig « sade Ele cise eteteeobeves aici cy ate ca eaeyae ois Bora 38, 008 38 ,008 WVIGOL 6s 15, ce es ok ce oc alate iniels rane ote as alesterele ets oe) de eleterepee c 41,896 41,896 Poppers tame amd pone Mess Weorstewy oleae vepsie,-s\staiaieln te aisle « cleaners © 42,752 42,752 Cop per OTEh ea es «os hse GOLD Oca Sea Gpne - 35, 000 17,620 52, 620 Unenumerated ...eseeee sees else Aehcakelc eee 1,359,372 1,805,704 | ‘3,168,076 7,836,036 5,339,300 | 13,175,336 From inland ports direct sss... ssjsie cor + os 0 412 Spas ee ||... Uc. c\eehaeuene 65,924 From Gaspé and New Carlisle..........e0- QOL LUG. | idicee wruts aoe 221,116 8,323,076 5,339,300 | 13,262,376 The returns of exports inland are very imperfect, and will not correspond with the United States imports from Canada. It will be seen at the bottom that there is a ‘‘ direct export’ from inland ports, which was neither to the United States nor from Montreal and Quebec. was a cargo sent to sea from inland ports and not reported at Montreal or Quebec, although such report is compulsory on all inland craft proceeding to sea. Monrrea., May 1, 1852. e It is to be presumed that this THOS. C. KEEFER. AQ COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. TSI OSI 6IG jeevosevees GELS Tél OST OTE e@oteer.eeveeoe B56 e@eeeneneee 26 656 eeeseereon euoysinSuvjeney ULF 0S6‘°L ea gs ©eeeeee00 LL LO09 0S6 L eeoeeeecesisaeeseuveveeeos Org 09 Pol O8L @oeeeveeoee punog 6, u9IMKG oes ral REr ‘961 607 ‘T eee eee o 918 COL Br ale cee ee een ee OLS eh 919‘T $86‘S O9L‘ OF cee eee eee OT MAS CG) ee eo rn 880% pes 'T Leb’ LOE Leo'L 688 ‘QPL OST ‘6S 960°T eeeeevecas 780‘8¢ Se a Ree sees e eee CIetNG 996 LG | 98G'T | S06 GG | GEL OOF) O10 TGP | 169 6E | GIE G8 | GIE EL | LOV'OLE | GIG SIG | OSO'GLT | PASSO | GEGEPL [oir ttt s+ Uoyssury O87 2 | 91E°6e | OCH T |°""**"*| POP OOT | G89 6 | OSh 6G] OCP T fo" *"*""| SLO GL | P8GL OGR AOL 4) 8G ML py tor sess odor SIL‘OT | 898 €69'9 | PSP'GL | 8PG'ESE | SIL‘OL | 909°6 | Bb7'L | Fe8‘SL OG 670 i = ee Til Velcon || OC Gr0 Th: 2s: we uo ae eoeereeetieeere ee cis ee ee ee rlseeeeeoosie ees seoe ee ticeoese ee elie eeeresesieeer see ieee veeeeesisaeeece ecco ele et oepeaeesdelaevresesessiceevessee oe **(uInjer ON) “UOYVID 966 ose eoeceeeon CEB‘ GLEE 9&6 oce eoeoeesee CE8'F 08S ‘OL ©0000 ce e006 9Le‘T 08¢‘ OL eee cas? 2S Ss UOT POep ea a (9 91618 HR eared CR 09 6S ‘9k 9ge‘L 800‘ GGe 66 Ber Pepa eet COLIN TOUT Ost cee € | OLT IT | 86r 9Tv 9L 08T Gq SG | OLI T | 86r Ore OLE ipl a hi cleser OPS OLE ti pies °° + eT Auung, 6999 osL‘s | 168°8 | 6g9‘Sz vOv IST 1869 OGL °S 1g8‘8 | 6€9‘S% 091 ‘18 OFT‘S 9S) ‘OL OBR # OEY ELC SUe ie ee ere Sreintenerens OCH OG 9£8 CE0‘S6 | SPI enetee serene UCR Ol: 086 ‘T 80F‘S V9 VL i ee. UOlounTegy v69'G | 9TE 766‘T | 9EE 966°LTE | ¥69°S | OOF | 966°T | T9S 180) Ol ee e006 Claas | 80s) Oiet| Gamma occ eel en On [eigy €z0'E eoeerveeoe F08 eeceseeee R96 ISL E60‘'E Qee POR eecereeooeee 9¢¢‘8 e@eeee te eee Gly, a 9¢¢‘9 OE Nie IIT 0121109) IIT 001 Coleen: eS iG 09 G0G'S | 686°E | FIP OIG‘ L 0G G68 O67h |. te peuamodien QD al we) 4 | ESV 00L°96 681, eee eee 666 'T 00g ‘FE OGG eweeeovee ee POV ‘SEI eee ee ee eeoe OFG6 ‘ST POP ‘SST oo 9 oe 9 vere ees? NOG On) €hG'T €96 81 Toh REG 86Gb oon, S eee seer eee re eels enelelele eels GST ‘SIE SOL ‘SOLT 800‘9T PPO ‘SPL eller a celeteverete less *emoddigg 868 ‘PF HOo 9G.|c198 6.4) sSiaL 9€0‘TE OLL‘T | ¥S8°9% | GS8‘T | SIT 969‘ IS 96¢‘8 806'9 OOT*GR inchs ts * 92 sainreuEIe) e@eorveeeer|s ee eee eeie ee teeerieeeseoenevieeeeesre ea t/peoeeeeeeioee ree e Fis eeseeevoleeneenvneseveei\s ec eoeevenpeee|seeeoe eres CR ne ee eee eee eee 2 Pua pUO: 606‘8 [ey G ehOE OL as | SE HVE -9GGee) e094 FRONT GOT aan ane ebeG eG: eee ya e008 PL POS OG [tree "= oTAaTTem e e 66S ff" """ "| €88°8E | OSS | ODE SEL | Lusi G [**°'""") OF6‘9S | LOG QTL SG | Ges"eh | OT0'8 =| PRESS [ttt ett yemang OSs I C8 CoP e@eeeseeve @ veV IG ose "1 cg ; CCP eoeeeeevoveee 7866 eweeeve cee 789‘T £Ee‘'6 a a nak wb ois Ue seeesereecesseecy: ydoy pajooer ON | OSP'6LH | O8G‘E | Te9°GI | Les | gIe‘9g | FeE‘GT# [ocvesss*| OcR‘TS | PRE‘GT# foo ce e+e: Sinqysreymy "SUOT, *SUOT, "SUOT, “SUOT, "SUOT, "SUOT, "SUOT, "SUOT, ‘Teg | ‘wrag | “Ieg | ‘uray ey ‘Treg | ‘wiRayg “Tres "uIea}9 ae = 4 ms 5 a He Se F S go & ' s2 ee Staph, \GWIE || aGy Ble "ysiug “UROLIOWLY ee "YSIpag "UROLIOWY om ae So Po 20 ene Hh o ss: ‘SH10g TM Ey oh o ® aa, Bee: mop a rows’) Te = asl Ps a: q Si "CGUVMINO STASSHA os “CUVMNI STAUSSHA @ © = ° E i“ "eS og Sy a. @ 8 ” ” 1 po iS “TGQT we 940d yona yo ‘PLONINO pun pAvnur ‘ros pun wHaj{s ‘adnuuo? ay? pun ‘sjLodxa fo anjoa 70) AY? ‘papaa} —-709 saunp fo Junomm ay) ‘saznac) panuy ey, woLf nppuny onu ‘aasf puv aqounp ‘sprodur fo anjoa ay) aurmoys quamaniIg— QT ‘ON 26 0S @oejeveeo0e@di/Ooeooev0oe80 @eeieeoeevovoeoeeiveeene oe eweweieeoeeve se eeleeoev eee o @ seeleseeeeeel OTT e@eeleocesover/soe ee oe ee 0&8 ©82 & o e@oeleecoeeeee * ydoy pr ooer ON eooeeoeee 9G Q6E‘E osr’s | os Orr oeeee G16 08 e@ee;sree ere oe ein ee ee 8 Oe OLTS QPP‘ 966‘ SBP G66 096° 800 0GE GEG. Bele (4 ¢ II ST 91 9 6& VG 9 ol Vv PB‘B GEG: OL oesceee Feat ers BEB ‘S e@o2eeoene II IV S0 009‘@T 690% 666 ‘G1 009°% SIP‘ Og ‘ST 860‘ 2 G v Ost ‘s 610‘T VL G06 FT 009 ‘68 eoeeoveee 666 ‘GPT 008 ‘T 009 896 ‘1 Gry CO ee ee ee et e Y eoeereeesie eo 09 ee eeees eee eeoee rir oe eeeeoee ese eevee] eeoee ov eos eapoeeoeoeet eeee O10 NT oo e @eeoe? UsAIS JON -** saday|ploooL ON ob eee ee eo] 080 e® C8 © oo 6S eeervtoeeeoe @ *+* *qdoy|ploo0d ONT °° * SIOUI/VO4S [IIA coe ipeeete ioe. Ss cor‘e | SPS’6rEe OSL‘e ¢s@ eee eeee OLL 1 See 7r9‘F | TOL 906°T | 009‘LT LGG 8h8 ‘SL 11g TOL‘ LG 009°S | LF9‘6I BOE LOG eee eee beleeeeo oes] ©0206 6 618 © 0 68 © © © © o 66T‘T |rocteeee: "SUOT, "SUT, LN ee re SEN feet FIT ; (@) es a G6 , is aS 809 €P vr9 OL ey 009°GI | 00968 | OcL'e |''°*'***| POT L0G 68 CCE'T pee. 9%9 eoeceeveeee 188 GG e GGG "TL 9F9°LOT] PH9‘P | TOL 89€ ‘LEE 2pm 9) ag PIG ose‘ | stEe‘6 POE ‘G8 pa elh P 009 Lcc IL9'GL | VY8 SP ra O8P'ST | 89616 | ITE IGL‘ LG GEB GE g 1&8‘9 GhP 009‘s | L¥9‘6I GLY ES = Alb ceesceseleceehree] ETE 98°16 HB] tseeeselestereeslerssreesereeree sl appigg Q 689 eoeoeevoev ee S87 @eeoesveo0eee8 808 Li 4 "SUOT, *SUOT, “SUOT, "SUT, “ples “WUR31S [tes “UI29}9 oS z =r 5.8 "YSipIg “UROTIOULY 2 = TA Fr ae "GUVMLNO STHSSHA aS Mm 402 8h9°T | 969 “SUO T “SUOT, "Treg | “wIRezg “Ystig ates “UIR9}S "UROLIOULY “QUVMNI STUSSHA 889 ‘EI GES 'E 068‘S% P00‘ L 8h‘ LT 886, 986° SOT 4 v 866 ST Pry ‘9 POS ST OPL‘6 p9S‘G 6G6 TT OOL‘T 89L'P9T oee'e. 069" SGG°T oe S6L ELI 966‘0 966 ‘61 780‘6S ¢ 886 ‘Prt ‘oal] pur oqeijnp S}IOdUL JO ON[VA]eIOT, ‘ponunu0e)— LNAI OLE ViLS oe8ooeece ov eines eoeosve oee R89 eT eoceveeenee 887 oes ‘e wes’ 80'S 896 ‘ST 9LG‘S "UOAIS JON] 8GP‘P 086 GIL ‘FE 96L‘T PIG Sho‘ POLS 79G 8h9 GIG GS CGPS 866 786 ‘FI 800‘S& ¢ ° 95g‘ 1 < iy 5 wo es c ° rod c) = ea ® S| aa ORO ee oO eee = Qo Ss" OL ct } = th o = a oO a0, Ba 0 ¢ as 3 S ce } © er 7 23 eoeeees NIOTGUIWIWOTT tee e seer ee eniorarg Coe eee oe Baceonenear see eees STTADDUAIe]G eoeeseecnece "sIdOY 49 *“SUISIeY XNV OIIIATY tee eeeee eee MOOSOLg tees eeees UMOIRIIEIAT eeseeceeces enboururesyy re ee seseeees gopung SUIpUe'T Ss, UOSUd OIG, ss eessoRrT np nee}09 seco ee en eee TeMUO’) eoeeeoeseeee pureypyle yay e@escoevoee ae O[[IAYIO1 eoeeeeee oe ee Aqyit AA. eeeevecses UWOPSUTT]A AA. sie eie:00:0\¢ 8/0 4° 700100). vais ele-e.¢s > © 0° NOME sip, 8 0: 4-0 S008 9:2 =: an unaine eoeoereevece & Yyormpurg nee 6 5680s 8 AORT sleleisisietes'e'2\° NUGDUOAT oe ese oe 2? T1Q)SHOONY eecsceceoeesooees noyig Sd *S]I0g 402 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. “UAHA “O SOM royyiny Aq owTy JO SsO[ YONUT 004 NOY sTioUodeI 07 opqissoduIt st yf Yor “SIOD9T[OO Jo su SI SOYLIG popUy, ey} WoT syrodutl Jo on[vAa oyy ‘sUIN}JoI 1OY}O OY} UI svaroyM QOL‘ PTL‘EH SI ojqeynp JO onjeA [2}0} sY,J, “Spey Osoy} YSInsurjsip you op suiNzor ,S10}00]]09 AULA, TLE‘906 | 680‘F9S| OL9 ‘ESI —— 5 — —— ete € eoeeepeee COS e@eoeveeoer|eeaevoeeeee|rneoeeeee @ She OOr‘9L | LOT eecesenee|s##oeree eer * ee eee oe @eeetneaeal|* @enaeees;/e e@aeyaoee Pg aivia 0.0.0) 6'e| ave 0s otaiphe O0T, OS SOON teeT e@eerereceeve| Foe eeevsievoeseeoee @eererenee|* Pen eaeeesieoeneeeeoe @ OPP'e eoeesoees Gee 1 EGE eaeeeneene QPL peseeeeevoel|s one eeeeeis ee ee ee & OTE ‘ESL] 780‘666‘F ee ee eoseeee ORF ‘OL ee =| Ge, cl *\ Oge OL "| PEL, 0F9°L9 pag‘ 19 **! gan PF **| OIF ‘9 **! O61 ‘EP **! ocr ‘6L €90°TL | SOL‘ET| 916‘S06 eerste eeelsoeveeeeleossevesieseseoee POL‘ OF ovoereeesi|e ov eee esis seeoneoe elie ee ee O16*r ster ingg “Ore nes @eosveevneeeieeoe se eatsiseeeeeee tie ee ee 667 [es ee ee oeereeaeerleeo eee ee aie eeeoer ee oie ee ee CRT “LT hope S1VIULNOY *SLOJIOT[OO OY} 0} VOUOLOJoL 6EI“GII] QPP ‘Ses! 198‘6eT] Eso‘gEe'T] SOLSLTL‘6] B8E‘OPT‘T| PHI‘O9T‘T) 088° TLE‘L L80‘'@ eeoeoees GIS Osh ST Lee ee Cr. steel 819 001‘S S0E OL eee0ueneee eeeeeeeeieee ee eee 6rL‘E eoceevoes 608‘P eeneneoe PEL‘ES | LSS eeoeleeevseeeeeeie ee eeeae elie ee eee oe 896/88 "= OLY ‘GG "*! 00GSLS “| 70‘? G8L'T eevvece gIs‘s | s18‘é ESI eeeeee8 eoev eevee er/eone eoeee 0G PLS c8l € IPL ‘T 918 °T PPL‘ LS eenevoee 866" € ecoeeeoe CEST eeeoe0nteowee Ove ee a eeeoe O88 T P6S‘S 096 °9 00g GIG’ EL eoeaeeeeeee @ GIG L eeeeoeeaeeee 966°S eeeesed@ee2e?es OGL 6G eeesrcee 000° LOT e@eneeeee 9LO g9L‘OL | GOL‘ TSI GI9°9T 0&6 COWS | 868. 699‘S | Lb6‘T eoveveeoe FO EM ONT 6S PLL'T G61 ‘LG p69 IT 00r OV G6E (PST 'T 786° LT poe’ rats 91 g0r‘9 POLS weveeeneed oye seesessoesl BgT eeeesee4«ees1eee OOL @eeensvaeeee OLE veew eared He ey ee ROL ‘S POL, eral gic‘¢ v8E eeeeeevoec8 © Shr & 9EF ‘9G oSE ‘SI 669 009, OPS‘666 | SEP‘ PHS OTL ‘PI 7961 QLL‘G —-|UPATS JON] 9cgL‘é 000°F 9¢7‘99G | 966‘FST 709‘T VEL ‘S BEY lL 769 ee pec‘T apeale 866 GEG 'T OFE 0881 098 ‘9 ole or gor'T Orr G OBL ‘BS 79S ‘OFT p86‘E G0 ‘SLE ‘T CSP ‘SE 098‘ L VP9'9E ma ¢ GE6‘S njox s[qnop ey} wo Sutsire Aourdorosip r—gEz‘OEG‘RS ye UMOP Jos ‘UAMJoI SIY} Jod sv ‘soyx}IG pepUy 9Y} WOIy paytodult spoos so1y pur ‘a[qvoljovid se ivy se poyeiedas oie spoos ,,o01f,, pue o[quiynp oy, @eeeere eree ee MN IOFITAL eeseeereoe * plojureys sete eres sarqsen MON eres OLIPTAT “91G YNeVG oe eeee+ OrsiTed MON eerste Meee neers US) oeeeessesouln, OIG eee ee os SINGBORT[L AA Cotes esos ass eT oe eeeeeeeoonveg UT se eeseeeees goundeny eoonevreneee ae aaqony tocereeeeeres TOTING ooeeeeseoos stor 4C ees eeeees npaIsUutiG see eeeeeroeses 101]0g coevovees Sinqsdiypiyg oe ee ereeees PpOIPUOIAL so eee eveeees 10007 eon ennoe ‘uopsulyun Fy ANDREWS’. REPORT. ON 404 GE9 OLB‘ TSS PES "8G 6S8°9 868° LUE SPL ‘Sh OPL'T 78s ‘961 0606S £06 ‘PI OUF ‘SLI 186 ‘689 OFT Ube SDE SSCA ETO a ee At ade ce Bi Me i Sy ILRI leo web eek gr CIS ‘BE peer ee SEO ee eet er eine Pe saenee ote ate nies SEE CE SS ‘raquil Jj, e19'F pee eae Se ce oe eee ee a eee 8 ee ee SRS SOTA ‘JOquaLy, 2 meme OT St caedaeeae eae cere, © Sie Soa tee SUS © Bel e'e eae o' ee ONC a QLI“TT estes eRe Seg aang Sore eee ser ee tees Oe FORT TS FP a ‘sausy 686‘ 1E Pe ene Se ONL Ue ane ete bees, © elec rtes «ee eee ate hod BoUuR YE "qsalog ayy fo ponpor.g ene oe a eeoeev ee eae eve ee te ee @ 966‘ 6hS 8h0‘9FT os Ce Ot CEH iy A A Dal So da a lal eat ah al Dl al Mah CI Ca Cy at at ot es al Rt IRS dh bot Tail al a fi e 2 | ~ ey} JO yonpord jrj0F, OLL'E CLO 867 '8 9co‘T Sestak exes he Ree TOT Moe’ © ot es eke an Greece caters oie eakere civ tae 'eraleb ay cverseu ergy sty 08€ €1 166 7 Reeneinee ee le I eh ee The an guee the Cee SSR eS 91812 OP ‘EL e6r‘G tefotete testers GT OTIC Te ce aNe’ 3 Sind steve aes cutee oe oc et tea eee Hormoid Anes 089‘ 6LT 9€9 CLT 2590 CL S83 8P EO OBOE CORIO COIN 2h CRO aE ERE ME SEE SS a A I RM MR RE NIM 5 (4 ch uF a ‘snag ay) fo JonNpoLg 6SL‘98 08s ‘9g sisbenecel on cAsheqespole a:=ie la |aiare/ sie sce sa aie™ns #210:\2)084 AOUOTT 066 GEE | o9g'T gop suspsibahie Wav SAiBIyT pI GLA ces ae si veneaened caters: sicnan es ciekeeeiesasaipieiesaeiaies/2/9.S0i4 * ®) => Uae P16 6S OGL SB 09S‘ 0L9 EPS‘ LEE se seeeseeergzopr seer sresrreseetetecusescueeccucecesrcseses es (SGT CASES [OTLITEUCO Cle stew REN? SE. RUEAC Ao Sy SUE ASR eDP PAE SESE NEN ASHE AE WAKO RPAD EN SS LON oe 016 6)(0)6]0 6:6 06 61 6'% 0:00 0) 9/10. 0 0 6006, 60 90 6) 8) sip se 0) 9 0jes0 9 0 08% S SAAT TOE SPS Sim L CTS hte seats SAKA GA) GE AEKEN ELS Reueasasiesconseitassas sis! sescin' See AS STOR —s[vulluer jo yonpolg *so[Ot]Ty a ‘panuyju097—S, LYOdXa JO TAIVA GNV ALIENVA® ‘ponunue)— TNL VALS A407 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. SR Wr A 918 °Z9S‘ EI 666‘6L9 ‘OT coe reece oe sees one er\ooo een oeevee see @ a? OFL ‘SIL 'S 967 ‘6ST ooeeese 00880088 4/0 8000880080 000 © 00 © oe |? PEL ‘SS POL ‘9G eevee ere sone ee tc eo Oo o\s ee 8006 0000 0 © 00 0 © oF | oe 660‘T 006 LG9 ‘PT 610‘63 ‘ ial Pst €8¢ 088 . 80S 89E PIS 166 : GSE G TEI ‘E GEG LT “SITE ggg ‘sfemeg | 860 & 86h 70E‘8 G99 : RB8L‘S TOL oo CCC CC CCC eee LLC eo eC oOo Ce oo oH e eee Oe OO ale hes ce La ee a Se pee SL PE0‘'T 916‘T eoereee reo eee seeecelre eo oe ee ee oe ena e ee ale 9c) ‘P FAR be eoeeseceeceec wee coc ee ole pe oe ee poe eevee ee ele 9¢c‘T P08 CoC COCHe FD GC OBS FEHR Elo eo HReLC eo eH Oe Coo Ow wale 960‘ 8E 9G)‘es ee eee eee oe © ORO oOo bee eee 0F oo Oe oe oe oO Ole Q9 coer eer oo ee eee e eee CELT Set PC re tar RCM CHO 86L GLO'G Bee prepregs eee + Rue REA RCRS ane. ene eeeky rMem erat wee O18 18:00 She PSE '66 B08. 66 196691 069 ‘GI . OP8'L 918°1@ 1G0°8 6SL ‘1% : o © 6e @ © eo @ @ 80 @ © eo eeoe @ © 0e ee ee © © oe @ @ ee eeee o © ¢e eeoee eoee eeoe eee 0 @9 © ¢e @@ to ee ee © 8 ee 2° ee e@@eeog se i ia ae Se a cease | SOE OLDEN) @eeoeeveeooe ee e8e08286 080084788888 288086 ** peyelounueun pure SOfOI4Ie 19YIO @eeeeoeseoeoeeee7080 08 0 @ **saInjorjnurM 1219, Pie ©" DUMMOG-Bf* “+ "2b a's testes op Aieeloke- creas vie Uniaten ee ony OTR EN pe EO De eae Spee eg ee ee ee ge ty Sn oe aL eta - +2 *SUO[[BG* st tree sees se esses eeocoes eee sorpss wos sitids 10Y1O Se ee ee Sem age e: One a8 ee area ee eeee seers Sea Tao pike ‘are ‘190g PF *BUOT[ED thse bres tees cee cscs esas teow ecenese sere ee KGyaiT AK pin ttn etle cas eee cts sorececscesess cous ce crceseersses = "1QU@ MOM Pea ae Cia: egg eee pa tpice wee OT EATEN EL OOTY Soe) See ey Ct (igwa ag oa ko ah bo ok Pang ee oe ee Tae ee Opa Baa eer oni 1.28 nea caeeets 2 pe aparece oY ged 2 OES HOON eC OOO OO OXOO ANN: acini ge ecmiapemnperemengerk fe Gee > he Ce opens Me aie ee aes an eee ea eemaee UL OOP NAS eee eee eee ee ke un ey eae DORA Gab aie ceehetee pee Beco ees eel LO) O@) aaa Ease aa. (ne ca eed ck ag og Ng Be AIMS ONS OOM "saungon{nunyr treceroooes ear onpold [VIN}[NoIoSe TOYO [e4O 7, sos egpuMOde ster tee eer secre e eee tee eceiee ee cere e s1QD0RqOI, per ER Eto) Bue sats arsine. 46 a. 9 0" si ee\ cerehs o's) 9 ws RGB SHUT, SEDER Suna OH SCR Ca Se Ha ee aU MM MUM Di} s) AVN NY (91 Ayes ST SUSHI EG AER © te 0S 98s s 6 dis aeie's asks 6 Weis ON Ne 8s Vee ROE ENT Sir Shdees siaigin, © welge Yee eek 4 eee wh as «oes + 4 > ST NOI PO OOMLOD IIYIO ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 408 ®eeo0e8 0080280008 oeeeeeeereeee Peers eeeave @eevees® oovnee e@eeeeneoeee eee O60 ‘9FT —<—<———_ —_____-_.____ eevee ee eevee e 029 ‘OL gir ‘sel “TS8T 886‘ GLO‘ 0GT 96 1G v P91‘ 661 966 ‘9 eeteooeetioe eee t*eee ee & 9 001 ‘18 B6E G6P 0S 9LL‘ 098 06h & SOF ‘SI 966 v 09 088 ‘Sé eooeeoee oo oo0eeeee086 eoovoe eee @ ew se oe eee eoeoo eee e@ OLP ‘SOT 1 V6 80S ‘Fors eoeter we ve eo © eoereee eee ee OS8T "SOIIJUNOD UGIOIOF 19YIO ncn etree: 781° 6G 006 VG8 0&8 SLE 000‘ AGls 069 ‘ G1 ‘08 06 8 &y ob 016‘0E P66 °F GEG‘ SS 09 96 00S ‘6S 9 00S ‘Ges Lie "BOyRIG popu © © © 60 6 6 6 & 4/6 @ a te 88° LS £06 OLF 889 ‘6 SLL‘OTP eee ere ee ee HO @ eoeoe ee eo eee "TS81 798, oLG ‘Eh “OS8T “ROLLOUT YAO AT Osr ‘Seo ‘T 00L‘ 681 919‘T R8G ‘961 910 ‘GS Ph8‘F1 861 ‘691 GLI FLO 919 ‘IE 918 '% Gre T 88h LS 088 ‘9% ©ee8 28 08 © & &@ © 4/09 © ® © © 08 &@ © @ ® Ole © © eee eee eee ee Ole ee sees seee Oleoe oge ‘964 “TS8I TEE NMA eT MAI BRM SSUES Es ‘ourd ‘19qUIL J, eoeeree ee tees es yeo ‘1OqUIL], Pc ge aks» o's See aID ‘TOqUAL J, eee eeeceee se eeee wya *LOquIL T, **yoriq SIOquit J, **-yse ‘equi y, *+ javod ‘soysy 960‘SS0‘T eooer ene eee ee oe @ eoceoeee se ose ose se ee eer see essen eos eeoeoeereeeseeoev eee eee ee ee eeeeee @eoeroerevreeeseee see eto e eee eee @ TEL OPE ee 896 ‘Pag eo eeooeepeeee eee eereee ene ees ee eoe & oF 40d ‘sousy "PSILO 7 ay? [0 JONPOL | RB8L‘C eee eee sere s sang, oy} jo qonpo.ad [®719,.L oGG Sone eae seen eee eee eae Stee a ete need | LORL Sa OD BEI NR ES ee A Be AL Dy Lg fs)! ‘ysl O6L SEO CTO SCE CIOS IE RS MCA AICES ope ps yal CF ychy ey Or9'P CROMER A BORED MARA a Rese oy: icons C(I | ‘snag ayy fo JONpOLg 089‘ FT seeeerorores ouIU OY} JO Jonpold [v}0 J, sees sere eeoeseeeseeeseesereres si9ddoo oUt siafeite lp giaar ors) sis ershaleie's),e)n\ia7e. eis-a.9) 6/8 MOTTA O a) Cece ee erccsetecscceceesesesssergIQ I9dd00 Oss‘ rI# fre: ‘auipye ay} fo PNpoLg “OS8T *so[OI}IY “UIT yeoiy “Ca LYOdxXa AULINNOO LVAM OL ‘penunuoe)—OUNAN GL Vis 409 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 809% _—— 0%E‘E 968 Soh os ooeee eoeer ee eaeveee O01‘ 9 P0S ral 066% BU9 91€ SLT = ee ese neveoee O16‘E ee 896 916°E ie 6SG oeeoeoeeseee Oo tie e @ee04e00 a} peeceoree see e 86 Se 968 ; RST iY P18) (8 @s Ge] es Te58 12: Ve9 6 e eoeeeg 0 0 © # @ OV eecocee oe eee eeeoedn 886 91 O9T v9V 760‘T 89T OVE ol oél 086 ‘T 91 p9g‘9 806 9S 919‘% 968 969 ‘€% 0968 Pr6‘? ¢66 ‘PIL GLG ‘GIG ° 2 ° e ° ° e e e . 088 ‘E8e‘T 666" 6L 09F ‘TP 800°6E seer 91T‘9 GLE“ NES R91 ‘T @eeee#e 8r8' IP CELT ott 008 | 910‘&S 9EL‘T 8 890°% 968‘ 9P SPOS 89% SST ‘SI ecl G PHS P6 GLP ‘ECS P8L ‘BPS T 968 ‘69 G16 ‘GS 669 ‘GT OSI ‘ST CEG‘ T PPE L 6S0‘S6L PIG T 086 ‘8% 8hG'T 8h6 ‘I 88¢'T SOL‘ F9 807 OLDS 088 ‘6L 808 °S GLO'8 eeseeooere RSL ‘88 886 ceeeee eee eee rise ee ees eo eee sine eeeree ev eee QB) ‘PL PPs 91 VIG 8B GSP 1G GOL G6GT 966 ‘66 0G8°P 660° L 0OT PPS ‘OL eoeereeteeaeeeos epee ere ee ee oo eo eooeoew ee een ee eeevovoevsee ee oe 0sr ‘9 GGT 966'T 809 °STT 066 p9r'6 eoooe ee ee tisp ee ee one oe ee e@eesneeee siz oe ee see ee eo & OV 006 910‘889‘F 9GL‘TS SPSS age ‘es 060" 0S 06h 'é POL ‘SSE 001 ‘S GER" GSE 9L0‘69 GLI GSP POE'P ose ‘T SGP SOL PF v00‘'T 86561 VG core eee e eee ee e@oeooeeo evn e 2 e © & eoereeeee eee eo 00s ‘sge‘s V6S ‘ET GGG T BES ‘9G GLO‘ S&S 916 £90‘ F8S SLE ‘P9 ral Mrasyc GEP ‘89 eq oeoeereeveeeeee cease 6S ‘E eeesle ee sev eseeee port ° | 6oL °F 996 ‘69b 890° 960°8S¢ is lero eee dere ae aie aveiewa se AO MSTUNAN, CORO Up Ce ROR SECRET Ue te) MOLE | BEST Rises Sige 8 ols'e Sivsis ies SASS UTE) eos cer res 6 os te oe ee ee oe OO Ioyyeo'T sieves iG)ls7@ Sis se'* Risse ees Se tia DOO) AA 2 RRO SBE IO ESA COLO SDCRGOT SS CIE. CCC OG Bs Teich Kaley) ce See net eee pe eae LOU eeeeee @eeoeee eooeoee e@ececeoae eeeoee eoene eoee eeeeoeveeee @eenpeoeoene0c @ ‘saunpon{nunyys **sjonpoid [einj}[NoIHe Toyy}O [C40], OREO OS RCRD AT RC Og TS) LEB SE Ce COOOL OM fe Bia) © A 6aysia hs N'8n\\ei9\6:8 ouarekee4)'0:/8391 85) 9) PhP ie LES erp 412 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 12.—Statement showing the value of the leading dutiable articles nm ’ a ee o 3 a 3 ec et Weep are 3 @ feos 3 St 6 ga o S a g rs ou vo ~ n n q = Ports. 3 S| os | £ Pod] aed 3 a So) BF loee lesoel peso 8 | Bola eh B rs) a ae? ES 2 = 2 S = st ; 3 gS = S ‘ a is ee o ee = ® S S iS 8 & ee a eo eal aes @ | @ |] & a Sy iss sm es ea vl ns =| AQ o| a Amherstburg ...... $1,412 $260 $92) $460! $2,068 $744) .....].....]..... $2 236 SEACH CO eal Bathe inc. Mi ogee 540 648 1,216) 1,572 AOD rae neil asics $140) S440" 82) eee $116 Burwell (eee ae 5,74,| 1,844 4,560} 1,932] 6,/86 1,080 $7,060] 2,664! 804 148 $128 gts 72 Belleville se. 2k 17,320} 7,888 8,908] 10,182) 8,484 744/ 4,472! 2,928! 140) 264) 1,552} 968] 1,480 Bondhead eco aly eM Re SEM eee olin cae ieeo I seeva svelte Renee pepe LAs oe et | Ee MS bo eit ba cara she os ia aie Al eee HN Teneo Se aasd sara s els Sel eye et cael leeway steel lie tested uence lenge tte Lo en on A Chippewa sis seee ool eee ec (Wasseoall G54 volioamsse Cees Maen (cel Mapai ol ye IS Of ct Cobourgeeee cence 12,828} 4,148 6,584) 12,976, 7,596 1,712) 5,872] 1,724) 288] 1,820) 1,752)..... 1,000 Colbourne ......... 804 140 1,116 856 pl tA das) eee Useecael aoeee 164; 180 24 Credits see ee 2,920 720 840 4 DBD: Bye Meo sc 648 S| Maal Raisers or 10 ae Dalhousie ......... 8,360] 8432 15,528) 4,012) 9,486 .....|..... 2496) > 168| 0 | ieee 1,448) 812 Darlineton....0.... 2,080} 1,140, 840 45} 93,608 88 S86 lA) ee eee MGS lei bees 180 DOVES ote se tree os 9,096; 3,472, 8,384} 6,608, 6,816 1,452) 1,832] ..... 8,976} 2,512 628} 600} 2382 Puma ee ee all ys ashe cats | Re aoe Ea ere aren ree Ne TS ll adomool aa7 edo ees MOT Gp Lie ens seae 1,096 704) 2,360! 2,392) 4,368 1,680} 816; 576) 188 20) 2,524) 124) ~168 (OCHO Sotcavsoac 1,416 524 1,404 86 464 872)..... O14 Pee 124 208} 112 52 Gratton ek Ae ae eld tN eee en | Maer I eee oath eternal Meme) WeEalNe Se il odscoc hos desticaooe Hamilton eae nee 154,512) 71, a Neal OSH te 7she) TES AN el aooocll oa auell boos: 10,808} 27,440) ..... 8,676 Ns (0) Sy AS eo tae 14,164 5,612 Ee a 3,728] 9,432 1,244) ..... 1,588] 164) ..... 2,928] 624) 864 IGSWON Sesauogouall Usbsoc Diyh Tieieiatare: so Were agbie | steve socal tesne ereil feowes eer Ib oat a aaRECa Rs Cleve | Pleat eat eRe ees Niagana . ioc)4l see 3,808)! | S28" 2Q6OIM" 4.088) 2-468: hh 8) eee eee cere eee a eee eee Oakville weeks 5,080} 1,984 3,428 876} 1,220 88 sey A PATG| eee ee aie 152} 288 Owen’s Sound...... 16 4 4 TORE cgay aie Blok A soe ae ll eae AN prin LEME OMe lebsogol) comacc| bossa lindus soled eoooll made! boodolide soll aascecl! ascot boos cc Ee alll ctagecsts PAC TOU aes eee 1,932 WOT NGT328)) 9 49952|| PIE s26 enna 456 8,872 516} 104) 548 Queenston .,....... 1,860 500) 4,036} 4,096) 2708 980) 1,296)..... 4,836 904 poe be 256) 472 RONGEeaAU, Jc. 2s elec 2,100 444 BVA TGP UGA oo adolloocec 628 SO le see GAD)... sere 28 Rowan ...... Seer aD Oh) et foc traces icine faba Pater ol yan Ae ene eercRaIESIUNBING oool|.aGodalloscdcc| scosall seats SEO Ol sab onoHoT Sila WA, go egon 740| 6,820 38,824) 4,692, 1,020 72 96) 1,844) 284) 712 Sa ayes Set 2,128 996 2,376 636] 1,408 364|..... | Hosea AEISOM cee 482) 140 88 SMMIE obodousoanus 55,296, 22,852 15,280) 18,980) 29,004 . ...|12,592 2s 376} 2, 536 5960). A120 leat omelet. LLOPOMIO 5 oag5a0sade 152,820) 56, AGO ime Oe) BE AN Nai ane DAGUG! caste |reteetelletakerr Wellington ........ LOA As Bie ere 164 260 32, 56 Dial 96) Saeen a. NBS os |Patsa Be 28 Wihitby cs sss seen 4,056) 2,008 892 268) 416636). 1920-500) eee 976) 4,612) 20 60} 760 Broekvillevece ene 31,568) 9,752, 17,600) 15,888] 8,512, 3,752) 4,568 3,786] 2,868) 4,852) 2,096) 948, 2,980 Maitland .......... 90): 34 TT 9 a 10 | ae 8) eae bees |) GS | Baia Wornwalli jee ewer 1,180 824 412) 1,528 552) 660) 256) ..... SAO Ieciee 84 GDN Pre Coteau du Lac..... 382 40 500 AZAN ke ic, hase brorttc renal aterad ee eect keecoeree een SBA eGeee 52 Dickenson’s Land’g. 488 oo Ue A aes Pee eae Dene RECA RAaccdlrocon cl moes onl onc delhecaga Dundee ee ase 732 212) 1,016) 5,168 624) 1,248) ..... likchevene DZS eee SZGweeee 48 Gananoque ........ 796 888 332 924 76| 708] 448 364 24) 268 Slieaiens 4 WERIAO WAN 5H a5q60e 1,320 1 CR aes bens rea stice kas Are Fl eerie seinen kcal) Aer cicl| ooo | ccooal! sos 1 ich aYS 0) US mee Pea LPR Fear Rea RE aa Cake A i Med EO ee Le moll boo adtooucell cots olteoeec RIVIEKS AWK RAISINS) ere SG ied Ns chee oki ven aberreiel levees c:edotes| apehesabts auf des lees tet | | cee ele eat emerson ee etre Renee este | eet Ee enral| ren eroaes Ste Regisy sys. cc oc 20 82 DAW peer CS BBG 6a canlloaces {Wes a. GS itera Clarenceville ...... 386 60 UBL L AN a 3 3 444) 872) 384! 482 361 .... 408) ....5.. 20 Hreli Gs ur Sy ieecvekssi cateveretevall| es stesso te esedoustal | tevareretel oul eteverebescal etetouell incnevats AA aie msalel|| isrsie: (0)| pevscotare)| Rolntore eked meketatoell etaxet re Hereford 9.02.2... 136 84 SA es aoe eA G4 ne DYE NAS oon dooos SAN eres cle atececs Hemmingford...... 2,320 ro BR] ea CN nee ory ae ele ee Mo es eee Pee eet oeI MEA eT Lk all Bo dcol anGo Huntingdon........ 840 140 548 164 880} 3840} 112) 120) 1,960 44 tS Ni gran 8 £ DEV G{0) 1 Soa ss eae en nS ste) yen tees Pare ol Nl ae eee ee at i ee Oe UES Salas oll osama osaast ane Montreal pe neeeae 114,168 100,182) 53,380} 22,704) 51,644) 7,568.35,480, 684) 4,892 568, 12,292 23,548; 596 Philipsburg ........ 1,500 GT, eae erat Mes eae Par eter eal eles a aiay| vere etse: dice eal svete tage ete osaoal| sacbe|| soben Potton sees 1,464 620 608 | Wa) EN GOO ooh DiGi eens eeiss IG! eee Stanstead scnicsescn 10,480} 5,380) 18,108} 4,396] 9,292] 948) 1,382 5,260} 648) 880) 4,396) 804) 428 St VON sy saondod bo 236,588) 62,788 205,184 194,936) ...... IBN XUS slags aliganes 18%2.03| eee 57, ‘572 18,612 11,168 SHRURO I, Gas Goa Meneb 440 316} 472 80 884 8| 256) 28 48 | ieee SO) 2 el cites WUWEDeCO eee soe ce 18,852) 26,784) 1,988} 1,392) 4,376] 4,964 BA Sasee AS reer 1,416} 1,8 4; 1,060 Wapanee 225. acne: 2,308 816, 3,492) 2,244) 1,192) 596) 382)..... 1,284, 480 604 576 cee a Beauce.......... 8 8 OGRE ce DAN ae ee% SU eer SBI 2. fo eieill meatsiers ol Serer sete tos Bilrine ee ocicw sis 84. 28 52 DOs lacrece oel|| cscvotane heen 281 ey. Seal eee rtell teeter AS setae Wallaceburg........| 1,584 628) 2,060 KO CAA TG] Se cee CB0|\ crete al lees 164; 260 82 BUC CPMINES aes cial leeieexaril| eckisisie AKO: oe ot 648] ..... psy Ac eaerartslWeraeai | soc nall woaeod|| anooleceoos GAspesteihcehs 208 pL CVAN Re Seal Diomonclhooaere Aes aici MGA). ce eae ere TAT tc ol ort New Carlisle...... 60 QE asics ceil ers cote iets. oars vel sive tell cc eve seset [etepeleceIlvcxote arta UPS rene eee re tel | ream eerevcecis Sault Ste. Marie....]...... eros | hOGnG aSeee HAAR meee welloroee be aamet ons ol acddodtiecosal Sedec New Castle vee cicllsbhes.. 6 40 86 588 576 48) 248). 0% 4 SZAl 200! a. tee ce allgepertere |(metarcte OL AZ HOON KO) IL MIEN EEN IEICE POE MIEIC WRIA EERO I cs castehcics| accra Reaen MME R I Ie SMe ar oe Rete a Ug ot ee ART osiS calls dee rybisrdian Gaoasbongr 12 Alps ated oll seve sievellisitreie cisif © o c'ecerf) eteieak )| Weve retetat| le Reyevst ell imaneuetetel| eaten cent | ROeeematiet | atone Motalsceie ata cere en 403,860 Ce 818,844 5379465 168 a a From the above statement ‘ free goods” have been excluded as far as practicable; in several ports, however, returning only the gross values at the different rates of duties, Mon TReAL, May 1, 1852. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. imported into Canada from the United States, at each port, in 1851. 415 Ss rele = 2 ioe = Ss | 258 ; B g gs |se]| g 3 H | Pee. leas abe ee ae ip | he 5 F eee ade Pe ie la er) 8 ee | ele |g 3 re a = a 6 | Oo & a 18 a =) fe fe 5 & a oe oe ORS NE De EO Ee OR ee ae ee A el $6,480| $15,384 4 ee 808, $20] $684]...... 8284) notes opal igacc|-ooee: AOS. 2 Mee Bae oe 1,292! 9,384 x, 8,044, 184) 1,344, $104) 75 | $128 $1,052, g632!......| 208) $480] $312 10,772) 52,384 go44| 55296 04) 3'836l...... iS ee 761| 432$1,360| 156, 392)...... | 19,352; 98,524 Nepie ha) able A: ec ececcbeiechaal os|eeh | 43,160] 43,160 2 bees crt t ec aioe vcclecce «| cmoanemem ae (hones cl ciienS (be acaen( acne) 9 Lake Coal 1a Oe $60] 8,532, 100/ 2,912) 828} 940)... 704) 324' 1,852} 1,156] 2,084) 3,288 49,1180] 125,464 4 2) oa aia a ee 2 i ee 20 ZO GO O8t) 1 TSN) "7 agg 68| 864 56] 1,608]...... sie ee ae seer ee AI nia sips Fah ieee 504) 8556 220] 13,872 1,188 6,040} 220) 2,104)...... 436) 4... 124} 672) 656) 68 26,536) 97,994 fou). coz) .. 16 1.044) (941 gol... 156) tee 44) Woeop) mdse SOSt ats S 2,716 14,676 392] 4,524, 22' 1,636, 152] 896 808, 360] 292] 648/ 700| 376 16,616 73,320 pe OA paella A RRR | aera ame eae een pote be ad ahaa A bam mt LT Beas DET 86 964, 132) 252) 280). 116 (Pe eee 16) 328 308 76) 1,692, 9, 768} 29, 256 76| 124 5) 6 Boy eae. ee IG) oss i ed 76| 68) 12) 3,396} 10,580 Preis BT, GiB... . 113,288] 9,624). 0.02.1 4 ealiseasal she eae 24, 352 12, 988} 2,534 229, 744 1, 049, 756 800/ 2,420, 64 3,804, 784|......]...... 956] 284!...... 860/ 952) 172 20,784 71,728 # erage ePaper Nes. lk decile: pate ec|ekace | amen al So ReE rece] | MOROGOl | Beeman —: 08) 2 S| oee nce [ecec cs taees laces.) | O48] F S12) 07722) 18.8.6)" 38 bee 256| 8,844 116 2,596] 296) 364)...... (C10 eee 986) 172} +: 40). .c2.. 4,192] 40,760 Fate 2 apeielel PTg er 51 2A RG na aes Fmd Wr et vary anapnt ele 340 730 E edt EES UL sate ng EASE aR © ie tans (CSTE ake al con Sah etre bal i paca Ui Abarat bs dedi 5g 259 €0| 2,216 52, 1,516] 156) 732 1,48v/ 1,94) 136 232; 108) 160)...... 13,182! 42,732 5 eae BP ieasnt sh) 498) 52).20 2.21 Tel: 140-0) 38 36) 880) 1,976, 17,512) 43, 820 88} 898; 24; +560] 144) a4... 120} 36) 144, 152; 144 4, 9,612] 192,936 css Ep! = ses Spake hie MRR |e IS RG 8 a ge tele al eke shoe (oan. SO, ag Gee sbgue 108} 860, 272; 916; 284; 828 184) 1920 8 82; 264, 140 84, 120,888, 148, 720 Pee Weed) SHO) 140|- 25. 39) 3 -4:9|-cex | |arae sles 272| 412} 20; 7,404) 19, 668 Bese 20,524 | 992 7,348)......|..-...]..-...|---20-|-22-0-[-+----| 5,072! 8,16 ......| 6,400! 270,093 4,304| 64,140 1,94417,092]...... DUA Vee niet | an ee ok 27,928 25, 112'...... ‘1, 127, 508 1, 525, 620 16 52 Pee) 20) cet 40) 25 0 210 See 40|......- 2416 6 ee | 184, 2, 852 200| 280} 28 4,964 28 472) 796)...... | ix iges 84 52) 864) 68, 9-2, 12) 26, 456 424, 280; 140, 1,652) 2,220) 1,040, 920) 1,684, 984/764) 752) 1,128| 1,084, 20,364, 141,556 Bie LY gl Peers |. 752 2cleciepe-|-nnen-| | 88) 2 care) seated vane oe Ls oie 394 452 Pepe: eee eae Shes ha OSes ee te BOE. lett]. Oy Dadian lene ssh en we, ee ee bred. icine rool toe oulcbmm OG | date al: dees al Wap tO) act’. 548} 2,800 fea p nee Ree ee eel eet ret ee test ee ire ' “Galgor cer aane (anes 3) ga8 81h papa Roca ieee Oe abate i Shaheed 18 4)......{ 12] 4,590] 14,556 28 BME OA) tee, SV octcn, spe liste + OZ Sayan 1G CO iene ae 1,936, 6,200 ; staan men ee ea Nace. cl pcge lee ae fs eae a le ial mg bata Ge |tntena ZT kien eee | ashe esata ecb Bee SO ee) ole oats aaa ede a 711894) 717824 A ae 12 RHE oo ele eg SPA IB Nels STARE Sei ae ot iS pe 288 288 5 Morte epee (SSRIS hee oe Bee By taletetn olla torets Sl taal a | clare Sha | clea oss 52 7,600} 16,968 4 SoA: ame 4 Rene Al Fivrete 4. £0 A cee neg IP ci 8} 136 8} 1,013) 4,498 etl aaa £7 Pe eens ee es sere eerie ae | del oegl a anos See Eee eee tlle Zegealles Semel jes eel Bea Sea ih gi a (A ah sa AP lap 8 28 880, 8,582 5 ES eames eit ae ee ee ee hb Oe eee ables al Te, oael r egee 16 22) am) eae ak ead DN a el sl) aah hi at Pye emai 888] 5, 932 saa EA ne ea fees ce ae ie eee lees OU OG | 1d 46d Tonoee 4,952, 87,564 5,495...... 1,404] 320, 9,152 18, 748 14, 108! 2,696 19,580| 8,420| 2,456) 335,4:4| 887,956 » spall CoD, Cat Seat Re eee he co celctn es. thay 56, 528:......| 28,064) 36,644 Latte Aig etd i eI © i mo a Os Pa ela fo 20| 294) 2,159) 7, 860 198 192) 52! 144) 444; 40! 344! 968] 563] 480; 328! 316 S64} 14,6921 82) 452 oss 61800 S61. 1, 848 25, 308 30. 988.30, 296 3,812) 25, 432 15, 128) 2, 256 4 3.548 1,475, 052 sant Fd plete ot ic nae Ly el oe A aba ii a ee Ph Cli beth 1,856| | 3,984 736} 4,984, 824'...... 772; 156) a i pene 5,480] 86] 7, ast ft <8 21) 54,868) 140,564 48} 344| 156 1,298] 224) 1,099] 44 Pilg pes Poa AR al NS ples po ea 3,668! 22,120 La ee) eee emi eo ee | 39 428 1,716 2 440 eee fees iy eel a a ate in sre es pe Kal a ba lite 5 i a 6| 1, 108 Gira eseh) 168hn (* ipeite rag peace 1 ae 4, 148] 260/ 12] 38,928] 13,2123 Sage el |e-ea3 Gea arom aseersar se eiiciee -]7Rr ey Coven beet’ hs a gaat rh 6 sa dst TON Cee eee ermal ey ins |“ fut CNG ace le ah 660| 1,880 Cae GONE 10S era. Pee eee ree ern Pee it Bee NY 2: ae 12 340 eats fo) I ia Se OBR eet se kl” 3; bona he igh Aedes 4, 20 4| 1,088} 1,282 he: ale hi’ “Atal ase)" Perae ete eens Cee 94 Al... 32) 1,104) 8,928 1 heel a ee bev ghvaigtrcc foc pee bee fee ec f ga 21336] 21.386 = hath Bh 8, ae ele rles s eee lee cece encte sees Siero | 102k iy dgoee 19, sais ih 46 ie i eee see ta lig aia or 960 12, ne 988 81, Baus 544)5 no special returns of free goods were made. | EES —————— ES EE EE. ——e aj | | [" 13, 963, 040/T, 971, 880 The enumeration is likewise very imperfect—some important ports THOS. C. KEEFER. 414 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 13.—Staiement showing the quantity and value of the principal art Ashes, pot | Plank and Shingles. Cows and Horses. Wool. Wheat. and pearl. beards. other cattle. = “3 =) a 4, ® fe} s oO Ports. = & 4 q a 2 = g Fs 3 5 & & Fs 5 & ‘= : ar * = . v : P=! : om alte ME Np ool tobe ee Le |e S ee) Le 3 Es) 3 3 5 5 3 a SF eee | ies MN ae lt eee | Pa weer ele il & Amherstburg........ HOSS AGO ess sal pe Sa ised koe lta s Scien s cye alll retest oll reroll [eee ee 45,810 Batheee pen hype yn aalltte se |aeie oes G26) SPA LOS MS os MISE SEGA SIR RIS 28 RE FE Sr ea Tear oa PSTUL We LL eye sia gare tae ts (Mae teal capensis ral sie we evel eeceee DZ SEAGAAGOS 2 5.25.2) |Velorele wio\| ocneeell Seecyete all ckcern tel eas | eteaaenee Belleville . fo ei. s <5 68 ))51,904/t4 STS TMG AOA AGG INe “ASO S Sewn ee rere ere etree een ea 12,728 POMC A siecle clave] Lo SNe casera ll) Snum puie Pel eh eccrrs: Stet [ee aoe Reve 2 ese MGIUTS, 25 Ne eee are td a a | @hrattham Ae rerocya= Sos|l so eouc OMCHCC Cr eee celesccch cose |istie eee B07. LU (etch UC SO ahiS| S AAAISE [EAB MOB SAoe) hSGAll essai c Ao ccullebones|| edoscs INGLES ty ots saiclll exe [seston AUR Bt) 4 eas ee eee MEAN Gem) hsavae ibe htc ll! ontecl soo MAMAS hoes vere 6 wisill rove ‘ellistole are eilltaye o oceioil Neretetererel toteestcverel|isio lols ale | Sievecelsvel| Tore chetetet| hia tk) meD SNM sce teieeetaretey ener] | ee Retorets DD eiiGropgncns Ae goad Sogaloeocnall SsGONel| acco lboodg Anletooes GE)" | 986/25 A S200) cee recrai| eaetarerasl| |i eiete et Wallaceburg ........ 2 60 AGS TUCATIG! Cistote c:s!|'s acutere's|| sor srcterstl rejeieceserei|Ixopenelelt este nenenetel| eketetete tell lene =te 3,371 GU Ce WIN Seite ctacsl)! « ieeils/ners oe IS SOSA See ee Mees Me Sao ith omocell: Sosbull eSagos CHE bobas Ga Rap eee! eral Mean ae 8 (V4 e-a K) aaee: 00) BER DAMA AMA meso Ac lenge cclotcupoll onmaor ING wr Oarlisleys cs. stale ethics ic evs uidinctelcicilal levee ferctelliwere io s.6 1010 ave. ole frealavaloSciI eee Gveral|l detected | Neate michel ete sister | PONSEMe Ne! | Mecteslase ate Sault See. Ware sc tc lacinve cl ciao cs wel vesiss ade ail o:Syegatalall'o: biwiosie’ai] olerereve“ail va. avarniio ojff eke tere evel lutope tat meatae Vope all a azarNet al RIE ee eee Néwr@astle ers ose es aliases 43 ZOOlearec vielewioe et 4 GOS one Se wie elews etal | eiarmnalone 19,277 Starnes heen sa asrettvel lloras aval ccoscheutvsa tele ieseveits lle seve: suuilke/esissiiaseillaitereyessis'flepetey ojaees| i Gtcnayeccacelfldtece andl Reine veuerell stokcteaaie at enea manta teense Wi LOn ei lovoiscs cate ete vale cstel| nerel oie 11 Alec linear 380 480 104 82 40 Par t\oro] CROAT CSP Rei repair al carbs aes Rh [AL UC A al Ae en (OPE Oe Roe Ae ROA Alo ial] oagm gD Wotalyseevs. ae eal 65,992/118,416 766,628) 12,874) 20,732] 12,989 140,176 3,747/185,848 183,644, 41,896 708,400 Nore.—The reported exports from Canada serve to show from what ports the different articles are sent, and the rel house statements on the United States frontier, and these last have been employed in estimating the trade between the Mon?ReaL, May 1, 1852, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 415 cles exported from Canada to the United States, from each port, in 1851. Wheat. Flour. Barley and | Beans and Oats. Butter. Eggs. rye. pease. ‘ o Le 3 3 a 2 2 - 7) o o co) fos] - 2 3 a a 43 3 S 3 2 3B 6 = 3 3 ES 5 & 5 5 5 5 3 See oes eS Swewien 2 tae lee ieerl te WN ce ite aS S See tr MC a aici iwct\l ole ceicll els nteietliem colo dak wad (eSmee. we ..a.| $42,664| $79,480 wseecee} 212| $848] 32,289 $6,808) 7,822:$3,552 | 28,824| $6,428 )...../......)....ecefeneeee 184| 21,428 re ss cs wl sveie cima | fizve ew RMI ME UIC oe hs A Si cto aliosarerews alficter ond 128,180| 132,360 2,744) 2,589| 9,908] 4,804| 1,996/11,727| 5,196] 18,808] 3,316] 2] $28].......}...... 5,440| 147,868 15,992}....... HUGH MAAN no Ihet aoctleteastele wectee Milhs SOQ, «. 12,064| 31,196 ae to) a ee DAGHS |. JESH 6) FRE S| gE, 8 eR) BR AR | SIS UT ce Sliven 2[>+ «OBO FN B28 ee SGse Ee CIegTGle 2S.0).Jde-.| wib24) ASSIA. 1. cee. CODON sy Hoa 2, BOD Ph AGT I IE alo a AASB GGL Ee. vnc |Sekim cid lactone tells ataebecaleee dalecicseedlh invaged 168 944. Pee MEE NEIAN IG) 1.598), | DSO os o[ fae cect laa costes l « ap Mee ieote «Sato lhevatararee’d Pavscononed [evcroretso arate 181,268 CSO PES Ole alk cn wells oe nal anions a fimras ath ls «ci aeel anc daleeeascs Meta S 2,668) 317,296 2:804| 4,166). 15,400|.......|...... S60: AGAR 266m OFTEN SS ARM OAL Coe Aleta 188| 29,960 TURTON GupsOe te eN. -| crn... «| SER. 50 | tin oa Meek cate aus «eta ll alate owt fae, Sidi wals'es 788| 151,404 14:996 = LSLTSO STIS SC ISU A! GRIT) S| ee 2 18,272| 76,416 1,840 20| 15,175) 8,044 70] 86] 3,500! 916] 56) 800] 1,000] $124) 17,824) 31,276 Pee aia eae se 200| 120) 200 C7 [eae Sea «ane Gab 2,068 3,264 ee le al ate al Rs sa OB «-« cdl eis wctbltory < MISE © MIRE dove hindered liauinasy, 8,992] 3,992 107,976] 42,417| 168,620) 8,642) 9,828) 500} 248] 1,779} 1,800] 185] 1,080]|....... 15,992| 353,248 8,060| 10,709} 42,496) 583! 308] 660} 340 90 Bal GISN ie 108| 3,444} 100,408 9,440; 4,096} 13,948} 6,518] 8,036] 4,438] 2,176] 32,072] 8,496].....]...... 8,225} 612} 290,020] 421,016 oo 1 Se a ee eee Be ad een ss cA OE cote: s secealeiow Miles cence ok 88 2,088 %3,052| 8,506) 31,896) 1,495), 896)......]...... A DEO, SGN OR Ae RE ae 572| 122,880 «ba 10 A ORS oy SR A Sis, 684... Tee” GIN Eanes Miki ag 84. 116 60 ee ee ee eas cc aelmen sive 154 21 [eevee || ees IR eee ae | Ee ee 56 3,736 RE 8 28} 1,312) 5,856.18,785| 7,876| 1,562) 392}. ES ne Me Se 1,4°0| 17,808 =. 211, PREIS be aA SO US HE aor 26 ee AP Ve ene ar 8,296| 28,444 Pte NY ee el tec Son cealidecs a cl hatyacs bx nese Mt ce APD oar ack eorek aiaoes 6,608) 21,268 BS Ge Me 2 ss aly Se acl. wal aa vo ccl Mh. co Bile = MERGE SIMO oil arsecesslayveted als kG Desi, «-ORSO BS. Ph 400/ 1,600} 566) 420) 451) 3886] 435} 104] 67] 936] 10,251| 1,024) 24,592} 89,836 ee Lak A200). .......-).. 88} 48| 1,432! 360] 102] 1,632) 3,945) 464) 8,008] 45,844 — 29,672| 7,525] 25,704] 7,809) 3,884) 9838] 144] 1,818] 344] 178] 1,248]....... eeeee| 18,986] 85,304 41,700] 44, 560} 162,040)... Be oS a ae | | 86,584| 327,368 ‘ '208| 832| 10,773| 5,800 34,736 15,936 |.......|....... DBO cee leet 984| 22,884 aay 786 29,514) 109,196] 2.400) 1,200 780) 320) 8010; 21641.....|....../....... ...| 1,964] 201,164 103 S56] - \ 49d) 4A) | 746), BOB |.....nns cahemnn oes 428| 4,472| 752) 76) 13,148) 70,648 eae 100 400| 1,040) 480) 650] 700| 4,000) 1,812] 27} 308].......]...... 392| 3,592 121) ES, OS RR eS) Se SS MOOSE ATOGW LAGI, ol sees 620| 10,236 Jeoc | OGL OR BE GRE OS EE a | ee ADSUOM Seer Ounce ticak reste punts dat A alenies cae 8,824 28980) CR | eS ee ea 929, 112| 2,382) 568] 2] 24/ 150] 19| 1,960| 4,182 7c | 1,373} 428] 488] 152] 15,746 4,060) 4) 44).......J..... 3,508] 12,944 ERE el eS Sai eee = ae eee 410: 104+.» 50) 600). 5... |e 1,396] 6,320 7 5 ea | ee 10,821) 5,420) 542} 252) 7,621] 1,960] 261) 3,100] 1,000) 76 852| 24,008 : 104 AG m2 258, 192) 15,623] 4,268] 274] 2.988].......]...... 14,080} 32,960 50 A) ye =) a ie 53} 16] 488 BDA tresale fea Salt Vor hee gl eeaels 908 6,292 ee °S 3 an | [poeeeeal: eee Ae. ae. , 280h. 7 BOOK. se ble nes2|) l,053) 196 192 488 Loh 39 DBGla Se samstette oa: 160| 140) 175 28)? MASI BO Sever ws alae. 2,632| 16,296 OMB... dale akenis odes bd Jas 200 PA GOP GOD ces sles: 8,104] 15,452 SRE oi | yA carcino ting SA =. a RIE SU ct 2500.) 624.4 6dicp WS os SM ae 8,252] 11,180 ae Ne es 5 ANY SAN AOI) L726), .. 9444.9 SOR AGRI es bao 532| 4,808 ENA SE ae Ee NL 19,817) 5,824)..... 8| 12,687) 1,564) 15,532) 27,500 18,084) 11,545] 45,588!....... ANT OST NESS i), b:GSSle. J,680|[2s5-81 sae aacleennes. 36) 205,640| 272,416 ass seit BEN Aces bale ea areata teedl td SME facteifcvo sche s aah as Seattle eee 36] 10,140| 88,968 132 2 8 567| 276| 8,865) 1,048| 323] 2,964|.......1...... 8,848} 40,128 ey ey 704 2,812) 19,084.11,636]...... 294308] 80.204 |1,036.10,628 411,755 38.592| 549,432 905,276 RPE LS2gl BBO: tA IR CIEAM. «1G. caciein 3, Fito) Uiw tod aupmaews Weems an a feb kune 5,236| 19,452 “Gb?! GER a eS 18,485) 6,584) 3,037| 1,484) 1,588] 444] ....)...... [oe cee fee a eee 672| 48,196 BASE 17 TG). eee eae aeeclete aed. 440h SG | cE MN Pes thi 456 6,416 RE... coal. . as Rs ae 8,452} 9864] 145) 1,604] 700: 8} 1,112 4,784 22 Re RS Vie CS fae CS CA a ee |e On Wee: 52,092| 61,564 ee 5 2D rca tassel J tamed aad Peace eee te aelewodad hasta at paaarnn ee baad Mey kiss 67,464} 67,644 22 EE Ge) ie al ARTY ai, San 0 ee 3 eee 219 724 oh 08 SE RR ee ee eo one ee ee eS ee eee eae om? 10220 = 1020 PPIGBO Se ci oe ccs tos Saha Oe ALS RES Oat MEL oo nollat Mapeew dhe (Si oakoe |v eees 498| 12,516 Dae aR Deeb ae ke See | (ome z.-| 825) 182] 195 82| 383] 3864 63 4| 8844] 10,480 De AR te steals 2 wots) So all aemebenme SUPT: «= cuban ele een RE palin? Sy tind dere Nice ee sb aM ie Ses, Bho aes 5,992) 5,922 491760331 978 1,181, 434. 146,552 552 75,596 85 208 41,588 '517,405135,708 3,560 88,004 447,481 38,008 008 1,715,928 | 5, 339, 300 ative export trade of different ports. The correct quantities and values are, however, ascertained from the custom- two countries. The inland imports of each country are the only true measure of the respective exports of each. THOS. C. KEEFER, A416 : ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ‘ No. 14.—Exports of the principal articles of Canadian produce and Ashes, pot Plank and Shingles. Cows. Horses. Wool, Wheat. and pearl. | boards. a | as a a Ports. Be 2 = 5 a a = q a B = > ia 2 5 S B = > a 5 6 5 2B o 2 o = a Bs 12) ea |2)/a/8\2)5) ase gaee |e | @ lor he le a) & | ed Fe) Si ee let FN eee | ee espa sc tl Ambherstburg....... TAQ GLOBE n= = aioilneraiate oheilinn ance al beia.n)c:nl|hiatewnel eieelas | lee «lh a alee eee er 30,900 LEC e sy ae OA 6 168) 2,616 $21,288 5) een ed ore lee el Paral ibAreccal ei col yc 4,571 LETTS (2!) Vee ees one eae i Rane | 14.875) 88,872)/3. 980 3004) ellen | bare lea et a Belleville. cii2).0 3. eos! 9,464 10,648, 85,184 2 92 HEI A Saal Besoot 9 812 a, 928} 30,686 Bondmead hy pece. esses ee be BM pO JEU as Allqc th <1 Be hee eat ea | 50,144 Chatham 2449.55... DSB SOD Ne celoll Wetec votell ea cue Gi opotete ntl iseie iene | ekee=an ella eS 3200 240) 42,280 Chippewa. ek). | son erase 822' 8,220] 1,124] 1,124! 530| 5,308) 22) $928 1700 180} 2,649 Cobouie 5 teense s: 28} O60) 1,812) 9,640 59 80} 41) 692} 29, 2,440) 65,768] 9,916 310 Galbourne eee) ee ecco cu dle ce cab des cbse lsd lel ccoascilllce eal te ee] eel ean eases ane 2,719 ute ee ne Me DABO) 14 BBA Pl cusses st acess | Oe eel en 158,068 Dalhousie.......... 140, 3,500! 1,007) 9,076 4 All iic.0aic'l Jols ssa'e [fete cilfelsietcerea: eee 14,985 ere hina e bomy Bae oc, « h & in 2 5 & g a = 3 5 Sel 5 ams a 3 ° De} 5 Del & =} > eee als eer Ste se heey ee Bip eae |S cs = =} S S S Sens Tey Bote mie Sey Ser 8 it eS. Ul aes | Sc | el Se aes a ae PMA Oe Cf ie SE | FOSS NET: _..| $25,604 3.494) 1,444] $5,164! 10,223|$4,172| 2,879/$1,152| 2124) 424)... fete fll. 636| 36,472 | | pe asel 118798 94,548] 18,756] 75,024] 3,604) 1,440] 8,728] 1,864) ......|......| 50 | $488] ...... 1.1.2.1 13892] 2017940 coo hee 209) meted’ -ai60l +) G44) Grol pSsle. 2 al muh 498) 39,884 82,184 Bee. £905) G56), S27) ~ Weal elec ce (Seale iil ch 9,176| 45,912 ng salle jeieaser a | RS Eieenll a D I ha 9 04) 2.22. }LILT1] 19/563] 30,416 30 EA@IG) 23044). 52]. 0... 448 900) i 6.02 Is k ac. 4 Aleem ees 0 7.424] 54,580 er mee oe Sh Sr Ses ee IS ore RS Gloge male sn te lige We, 36| 2,212 ee RST OOO ee GN oie cose oc Alok otal oth otad toate Soci wal otatte netacctalouteaalea bebe 287,132 MR Sa eo les eed Since gol Sebold cole dey Inn abes 460! 304,432 dereaa) toed) Pas oe| 742|"" 988] 243] 96)... ofr. ec clenckeclecocsslloccess looses 432| 66,136 4,052 17,105 47248 Bodie hepa: lee ssnislinabacee. a BON ot Sh eee He epee Wal inc 3,016] 108,632 87 CARR SO en eae Gol heals 8 al es Mea ee a ee | 11844} 15,600 10,712 11360} 5,336] 5,129| 1,496|......|...... 9,022) 586/49 | 160] 1,203] #112| 11,200} 36.380 (CB cc ncs sl getien yl aml atten (Sn Rs TEGO elA l OY M 1528| 6.922 eee fe. sc GUO moe LN ee aN yeh he Corl A) he grog ae agen 80,316) 52,800 210,416 12,008] 3,472) 1242 588) 30,603 6,944 tie 500 \Ga se esl ube! 8,680] 352,100 ‘ eaees aie 5 260| 14 36| 150 | 1,800/ 72) 19! +6,886| 127.998 124,904 22,925) 93,082 3,778| 5,064| 6,108] 8,736] 148; 40| 576 | 5,576)......|...... 88,060| 388,096 59 is ds eles vs WN Se a ale eet SUR Beet leita hate MOU.” 11/128 182,749 3,679| 14,716 1,383], “800! 51] 89] 4,110] 1,096) 88 | 1,056] ......|...... 72| 178.940 Ges chron eens oleae ey, oie ha ee eee 2A or Dale Gs eae f. | 1,292| 2260 | ? ? pec oe ag ES Sit I cal RRS IRI A EN isa As 2 Pe Hn Bio Naan cals Ee 484 4,782| 664) 2,456) 3,000) 1,700] 548] 272) -.....) 22... 6 BSIEn ode 2,308] 14,008 Le AL) ce <= aul cgpdb. aps ol Reet peat am So Ga UMaine | ee (eae ie | (a a 2.888] 34.500 cee gt 7 SR RIS rE: NON | Raa (en om De ay a a ee an Re Oe 408 PIO dN cline alent eae Re ometlicatctoncMcnall aaa des 12,836] 86,672 We eiee|| -amengees|' ahaha 745|368| 74) 44) 2,053! 888) «86: | 540) 7,249] 7981 16,264] 36,040 ee ee Sal oa ael de ae sl eiupel Pamela. odo. 2:400| 7.386 40,256. 10,000] 40, iia age cs ater ASOT ¢ SDs! |e ey 416 | 4,164] 250} 20] 26,880] 119.948 1b, 318 34, 348 137, 392 4,50 2,148 2,785 1,44'165,951| $8,188] 124} 1044) ......]...... 27188} 841/340 Me aeset Sasel@h eiG) Savor tl ee ee 176| 53,872 Bi,782) 18,500; 54000|......|......| 500] 252] 10,000] 2,000|......|......|.....-|..... 1,248| 137.612 71/0 et 1) TC “EO Asal “G2 G22 |itotd| Pel 10,364] 73.284 Poche, eae ees eae (ea 25) Ree Als ele Are 88] 6.856 EN. eale. anc, SEO SACheeOG| COMA ou GE ce hol gk ln Ae 4.268 npial eer apes 300) 240/ 922! 468) 12:320 ss Re ea a 20} 12,300 “coe cue jc curngl| ol Lose (Daag eed SUES SSO (De fens [a PC Vy a 180] 3,864 620; 240 738) 41) “"i9]" 30) 19} 15,223] 2,841 50°} 58a) 222: iis 2,636 14,608 1,232 wide jesceeglere sgcvagh cag eal caaal ug fear age | Scag Soe ee 11340] —4'998 | Bia], 74 ge! 2,919) ado B21) eagle. dE: 964) 10.264 a 892} 1,799)... ieee Mage, I. SGT Ad) 1 40M AOR Ge eon ie 6,508; 28,494 a: a eee cE ee HG MRNAaIOOTOL ese! nel etlNiaeee rin wee! Seunl makes Le mw ine ooo nese ci | ks ae cen | JES Sr ee eee one Veale |e cee eaaiaing ULE 4,928] 4.988 sad 17 oS acen ates 60/36, 131/28] 804 He PERUSE Ba 2216) 11,696 500, 50/ —-800/...... eee ALOOO) C1052 |0e Re alike. 2 80 500 ea time T | 9.372] 43.576 pe! ce ee eels Pos. lense) 18D Wel seem. -c|..1.| S00]? Waynes ET, |e a ES RTT Jenne 6a|) Seige) 42567] rel 31 |) sill eee 434| 4.444 Pepsin...) 88,626)0 6501.6 Ap mene Ne oe os at ae © | euroul iqumode "i 16 72} 141 4| 805; 820| 1,451) 888] 256 | 2.3841... ..|......1 86,084] 106,879 i eee eres Br Lene a gael Sette toa ea omer Reem Desai NGM brace cule as dela city MMe cere 544 1 4| 33/12) 150) 76] Toi], 140) 262 | 2,830] |. 14'648| 30,984 27,112) 42,310] 181,193! 4,767} 2,190) 25,947] 18,919 391, a 140] 935 | 9/994978,495| 24,916 229'090/1,297'844 A Co RRM Sie, SIMS Bete ul Oe te Se a a 7956] 7.956 OGRE oh tales apenas) SL a ee a NN RAE ee Se lee is 2081 608 1,180 i 32; 970} 888 3892} 36 SR ae 6357 | OR 1,544] 4,428 11360] . 484] 1,936]... 4: Te oe eae iS 5-2) Gt aml Len Reclama an i UN 1004] 37.288 + ee eet els serene alae 2, MBPS ROUTES MESO Ard Gr eg HS ea ae Ug 7 Pee Local eeemulee lem © Gd Weegee ely oa! “pes: au RANE sn ce elle Sa ee SOD ett OR Ree Wale elie ol 4,039 eel | ee |——— a | el EN 62,591) 29,708) 66, 56, m0 29, 292 5; 039157, 862 4, 2h 46, 328 88, 260) 25, 788 681, aise, 009,480 cent. should be added to the above for the real over the reported exports. There are so many ferries and such THOS, C. KEEFER. 27 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 416 Lopaog Sup HOVNVAVY ‘f ‘f _“OSST ‘9G AUVANVS > ORF ‘oF ere ‘ec. fe PEO Se naa) — postteé | ossT$ =| aig eee = ose‘T | ee ——— 0.0 GBD EGOIDIEE ED CIO OIOEACIOICIOCICICLO Cc CCICIO CIrcht aD eOuncErec 9&8 9cT SLL GE 89), FE NASON o DOO aCe @aeoeteecoere ee eis e ee oes ee see eo oie ee oe eo ee Heeeeels eens 6 28 2828 1% 7H ©8288 78 oO oo Oe 889 RR9 £6 ee ee ee e@oeesee@ee eee 8 82 oF “OSIPURY IIS JA] ‘sod *sqyuewmnajsul [eorydosoying eeereee ee ee eerie eeereevepnveeeesioe9 22230278 Pe Be F/evoeeoee CeRDHe Te AHP Hoe Fe Bee tHBH HT eeeieo Seo He KB eo FHEHoKEe SAIC eoHeeeesese oe & Cukor cleheseneies she rershe| irr iqe tne ty eee ee eS ens UNC LEOT MOR Beaiay We 8 won) nial o's teva gore “ahs 001 'al| ngs! #agins ae, ani wine ole 08 ve ue 091 08 * “gjoaauqe ***° °° **ae} pues og OLG 08% E61 OA SUIONS aie wee ne gee See S[eO/) Ceoeeerveecececeececleaeeecee ee rece r{/sxesreseese eon eeole st oreonee2Haeae dr t|G ORGS bE SH FFD O/T OE FSH HOH HH EIS HEH OKT HOT OCT AHAOHIF HTS PHS HSA EH HEH HS LFe SHEET eT ESE OS * SULOOIq-U10) e@oeseeeseeeeccsise ee ve cc eve eeeclu tenors ee oeo ot Q eee er ee ree eae e 008‘1 BIB ‘T eaoceo er eee eee eo | seeeeetsovoe eevee cise eeseseeeoe eevee el/e ee tov eeeee220 4 VG POL REL ‘E O16" E Pe ORO! OREO, ONG Care aie ASK OAH FS ONDE TSH KON O19 | A9U} ea’ f aekeenva taj Sens aie Kekoieedes Os \° ee SOOM @acoeeeevoesis eevee eee eee s/9 BO BF be RP CH ee & v e@ecseeeoev ee neecere ol | esrb eke ae cnet eae pees CLOT e@naeeeeet es ee eee]/9 eer ee7e 2 eov ee eee eeee ee 086020 @ P eeeeereoeceea vee eje eo e# ee 28 ee Ce oo T TSO] [Car ns > Sc oeeee trees TG) si sie iels,eleeististess) oie) 8) 9) \¢eeienen cue ene cha seseeesseeoee sleeves sse 2288 2/98 Ce 26 08H 08 O 89 fete) 96-6 F£. es VN Set ee emcecatiecs ean Ke PGES | SUaNE sia NoKeN Guiiare\leiet's|inrexeieieaonereinlaseve:sle|s eiavale ew seis recs wal Se tiniia eres ever cio ener el|lensl ellsreuarel evs ei ei'e as PEI CZ seecopreeeteseeeeeeseee sory @eeereerereevneeeiscecaecoseesceecevieecereeeevnaeoee ‘Wal eeeeceovotendg eerie 0e 0 0 40 0 © Oe Oe Weal 03 TIOTSI( 0) 0 oN CE ea oe notes 9 (342) 7 eee eee e eee eee rine eee ex ee eee eo els eo 82 0 © 08 0 8 Os OOO QP eceereese ere ce oe ole ee oe oO ow Oe © a 8 Oe QP {2 Sp[omIeies So et os oo * SEO OD 0 06 60 00.0.0 -0,0-dllo- 0:0: 0.080 O20010.020 0 010.0050 0-Os 0 CP CNCEOIOIOIID-CIG LORD 0 .GCO Ono Gach. ko ceo Ocean iced QP QP ECT SISO] eo: wees es? IoOUT A, Cec er ec cen cele coer ere scene slecosesesesescs P pect cer eescens 9), 0g wee ecto e ee ealec cree ete eeressesececes sata come eee cee dae slo cece ecseveces ray} eG vee se ccs eenes org ‘e 206 °F egg ‘% seesuop stresses terse s eareg eoereerve res ecesieeeeoerereoeotseesieeo ese ec eon ee oe eleeeaeeveeeee? © 8F]8 88 FF 4562 28 oO eo Call OL 0B Shes pois seaenk f Sarinoe © 4° SOUL AK Core eer sree reslr cere enero cs Hoe eects es ress circ esr esse eceetiesescescsccace 0G PS OL oop ashe rae uN eererenae see eee rieeo eee ch seseee eis eae eeree2re0eeeel\9e Ge eteeeeeroee|soeeaseeesenee ToL tel £06 (0 0) CT SOG uly eeeceseeeseoresicsesesresecesceipoeceessereeccsiscveseses0000% cle serene esneees +9 £9 CG Suguo]jeas? ee = © ADE @eeeerecesee eve ejoeee2eee reece snee/oeoeee2e7e2e20e 000 © QbE OEP eoceeees see Bee O9L C66‘ F sexe Opec c\02* 2 Sie eto OOO, fem ce wesc ccc slen cee rec ctcerclscccccrcesesce Ws) 70G OFL‘T een‘ T age‘e ‘Pepunods= 6 <= "eee "ese ear, eeoecesrce ce resis eo ere er ep oe eoslecrece0 ec cone oer Ors ‘T Q9T eo ceeccoersere FAW CL & 9&6 ois 0 DP See Pe eee SOSSU[OTAT Ceo T eee ere eerescsicoeseereereeesispoeeeresoseoec Ore 9&1 9eT$ 919 CT O £01 seehopet secre eae CCC NCE OC) CECiOROICED IGICRORCIORCsCHOOICECH CEC) CECICECICnCECHCICRCHRCECRONG oes 99¢ G00 OC OO 00GO0' 0 9I1$ 16 8 OL oheecen ANG) © (0s eevee Sccalnenel eee) OTT OG) *20UIIA BT *g07890 ‘onyeA "ONIVA ‘soru "48 BIA ‘vos Aq po |'Q BIA‘puvyur ps |‘selmunod uso |-o[oo uvoltoWy “on[eA ‘OnTBA ‘UIB : -410dull onyvA 1e40E|-yA0dury ANIVA [VOT |-LOF AYO T[V WOT AON YSlg MOT] ‘SoyvIG "Q WoT | -IIg yearg WO ‘ONIVA [BIOL ‘sonmuenb [840], BOTS -pajtodun yoym hg anos ay? pup aoucyn Wolf sor4) -Unoo ay) Furcysinauysyp ‘eGQy ‘Gc hunuunge swpuo «pak ay) sof adspxg fo ra0d ay) onur sptodur Sumoys juawaymis )p1IvI—GT “ON COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 419 No. 16.—General statement showing imports into the port of New Carlisle, district of Gaspé, for the year ending January 5, 1852, distinguishing the countries from whence and the route by which emported. Articles. Total quantities. Coffee, green ...--..-206- cwt 12 2 27 Sugar, refined....-0.eee- do. i, 22 ‘other kinds. «2... do. 2 O55 MI QIISSES Me seas c1c.c0 wee 0 « do. 434 0 17 MERI Sse, 2 9io CloIeiae Soke ounds 10,841 Tobacco, manufactured ...do 1,256 SS? 4s See do...| 92 Wine. .... 2.25 .0ee0-- gallons.. 35 Fruit, dried.....s-ee- ret SAR On hao cane Spices... .ceccsc ences cccrccceslecee iotateets Vinegar. .cccrcssecees gallons 589 Cocoa and chocolate...pounds 100 Re ead ha Wes susie is 0 so aja, shoe liauale ute avers’ oils Sate, LATTICE ..tp)k o = .0. 0) thoy ofasiate forte): faze) sitenapetisl’oc0 Other articles not enumerated... JAG tt Sebo ne eee Total imports erseoeosene serene Free Goods. Animals, pigs........ number EOE Srcharociave sieerbrs-aawr epee do. DRC ATAINES iy 6:5 wrdw'e esas devs meus a WME Sor Scheie mae one oie i eGcre setae Soda Ub! (660s tdnomanoot pounds SEs, a bee rE ac ewt hacolate .. ccs. pounds.. MOOT oiccie, oc, rey havdesotatatate barrels. . LE. See, ene ewt PPIUISLOHES. sb coe eae 0 « number Uy ISIN =, oo eta ele oso gallons.. Olam ieee reews pounds.. SN, ae eR eee Ss ea bushels... RROD or cho sla. wiacve\s wine aie te eae eer es eee een esoeoereve eee te eoeeeteosreeseevesiseoee eevee er; 222788 8 8 © | From U. | From British Total From G. value. Britain. States. |N.A.colon’s. RIGA Hi sn se ite seabed ai ears end ‘ 4 WA Woda sie aa | $164 OD O2 epakencrasiene $60 840 TOTEM sassy oe 108 904 9,744 1,668 60 1,008 OHSDG ba aBuncs oe 92 2,232 20) len Berea ees 4 16 OB se aeahedoameaas 98 1D Liane Men aleeme tarts tate 8 32 28 4 5a 76 Tv lernveesdprnoehrs ORE A lwatin as Sco ee lomo tavenelateters 4 dh. Nineties ba nmi ure debs 4 300 TGR ILeReRA ae 140 344 SAMA arse anecad el £5 RTM RA sb ean atest lo oooo00-0 5.0 44 108 LOS ores oecr aise eee sah bd 5,092 Baedelaerern ne | 4 2,084 1295 Grin wnbrnne 124 1,448 AC 1GES Powe, crane | 276 2,340 ASAD al seseks sta 42. MR ae 5,120 ee Annee eee FREE 6,684 5,524 4 1,152 84 BG alike 48 SAM RU GR coal Ro at ae 24 192 (12D) eA ae Oa Bp) ; 16 Te Are NCO eal ft 28 Dl |W aes a aa ae cae 96 DHE MN, Ee PURSE, 76 Gi eedhe tae aleoienea! . ie 990 OF ee itacettee 188 544 By Ite er a Me en : 4 Li ern Me et A 1,256 SSE a ee eta | Te Bde a 33,500 | 25,904 340 7,252 S076) 1-920, bet Boo: 6,252 53,680 | 39,828 340 | 13,508 | peste qieeaereany® 32 SS a eat | BP, BON Navel 4 cee Le beineey [ine Hee SE BOM Sree Seek We Gree | 8 3,308 Seo snieeh an Meme ae AeA 16 |/-d, hn pore & 16 1,728 L686 here fies 88 FOV612 |) Beach 2 Cre Ss ) 12,612 OB | eugeeele | epee ao | 98 O80 |. tesa lem trme ss 280 HOGM Mv ohio dk 68 e sob.- 136 1,552 MOSS ieee cai 264 AAG Rs 8 eee | 440 90,176 | 13,920 | Poneesece | 6,252 All the goods imported have been by sea. J. FRASER, Collector. 420 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 17.—Abstract of the trade of the port of Quebec, showing the ships and tonnage employed, and the relative value of the imports, distinguishing for- eign goods from goods of British produce and munufacture, during the year ended January 5, 1802. — | Value of imports. Countries from which vessels From place of | was entered. entry. British. Foreign. | Total. | H | + te ET No. | Tons. Wnited Kingdom... ..2...seese ne 889) 400/798 | $2,342,876 |. c20 see $2,342,876 British North American colonies..| 183 18,461 | LSE SAB «berate toe se oe 134,408 KGribraltat ele cioys eo biesie'c os so ssi 2 BSL |. a ete enous 3340 |) Jai Deas 6 JS Basa er Gas Arai ais 16 4 GO9 | coxenctonu aeons 29,360 S) DIED Ae Siploide Saceoinem O- -- egos 37 13, 298. |i oc cin eee 8,264 | Portugal... cocecscseccccscesercn i DOD \|o = sete eaveeetate 6, 428 SHU AG eA SUR RAR one eanc | ih 129 ||. 24 oes 5,368 SUE UGG ERIN A ae oregneane cooe -aane | 1 a n scsauaiss iaoicie in geleieho eae Pai wel pi. mpeselejetaseie ehetotmuaiee aia 'e/s= ih DOs dem iclkeee dace 10,728 * Habu) foo. Meee. | 6 | 1,436 | ae 3,000d fesse es GI Aigrn do Caco weenooaorsn aan. | 8 SRUSO) |... @ @ Ven) : ° e e : S = e © =P) nD a ceo} =P) @ ao © Se) csp) ie) lop) i=) @ Se) i ea) = Q a 426 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 066 °6S O&T 80P ‘SI PPL'S ‘ eeeeeveeee oe Pie ee 20029008 8% X/e eeeeeeete ee oia @ @ee2ee er eee © a] @ 8061 Slee ee eeceeren veces 0G0°LS ee ¥G0‘°8S GLE S61 086 GED p8s8's v eeceerrevecs POS ‘II £06 G6E EP 666 ‘SOL PE ‘66 006 ‘T&S 801 ‘9% 006 ‘SE 9ST ‘eg “SOUDIMUT IG BIA ‘ves 4q poyitoduit OVA [v40-7, 8 ¢ VOLS eeeoereevesee eo eviee 88E e@eeereee eee & b]e @ 9EE val 966 96S S61 89S GIS | 969‘ ooes e e@eve 8 8 © @ be w e@o2e8 00 0 & e/e @eoev 600 8 ble ee ee eee & ble eeo0eee 0 © ole e@erereeveeoee e@ese 8 e@ © @ 4/0 e@coe ee 8 © eecse8 e820 8 ole e@e0e0 ee © ® ee eooeeve eo aie @e2e0 ee © @ ee eoeeeeve tie 956 i 960‘ : g@eeee eg © & @ @ V/0 POT d pS "SopVYC *( BIA Spur] -UI poytodult |-unod usia ONI[VA [VIO], |-LOJ 19y}0 I[TV|"V “N Yysiag ‘anny SOIT} 09 09 eeoee 0Fr0‘'S @eeoeseicenvn eae 498 @ eooe eo oe gris ee eee eo ce eooe eos e@ereee e@eoe eee eaeoe eee e@ ‘any 4 *S9TUO[OO OFT, 807 ‘BI 806‘T CIE 'é 060°LS 8 ¢ POLS 88 Pec‘ TI 9€6 ial 966 9€S G6L 89S GIS 969°% oEet "annA ‘BOJeIS “(7 ejeeeeeeeteoeasve 0F0‘'S 86 v0G 9LG ‘EP 8 v8 hs 96 06S ‘6S SPE 6E9‘L9 8 8 P96T 9c ee ‘cs eevesev sence 005 LS 7B0‘8S 808 861 6&8 GED | 088° & v ee cceceeveee VOS ‘IL v06 G6E ‘EP GEL ‘SOT P86" 611 708‘ 06 ree eeeeerese! COG B01 ‘9% 660° GF GST ‘Eh Ly | “ule qBolx) "ON[VA [B4O J, eeeeeoee+eaee eee oer eee eee eevee © -uenb [vO], e@oeoeen 08 e@eoaveee? eeecese ee e@eeeee ve e©e0@e8 © © oe e@ecse ee ce eeeeeeoe eoeeee ee eooeo eevee a@eoececenoe e@eseeece e2e ee © Oo e@eceee ee eoeceteee eevee vaee@ e@eveeeee eevee ene @ eeee eae ce "SOrql} -panuwoo— TL NAN LVS ee ate ee ee tenn neni aaa eooetee eerste eres ree eee sesso se teseoese prog ce ial a Nalintial lial aa ulicida ial (OM OU a shop a ac hc a i i al Ce a 0/1) [SU SET oe eer es Sree tat taren eer a ae lane o's Stee ET SOIC) cae veo Sion aris Sade relent e ene dooyg Pi Ope See ee SCs rriG pue uexQ *requinu: eeeerseveeeseeneoes SoslOF|—Ss[PWILy ENT f PNR eo Re ne Neha kene =) ompaPaeeniueae era R OTN Le LOU tey Seen ee ere nna eae ae hates Rane oi tases rene Sermo NON Ta Sah ce aint casa OS, 22 00) ORAS SETI Sin fen ye-eileie exe ¥eie'sis)-A\sTereleleaerese SET NONE Ure rag aibe te Aen se Leo eR ed eeelet aN: 'oX Sve 1 RROE ARLEN case eo CLE Coens) sasinteaateie\ia\ skefe Xe) ashe es =) ofaYa7= 0S Fy LOM t ed eee oe ee see eee see eee ured pure qjnUvOI0D ‘T1O 2 ORE SOEs Sh ORRIN nshy | Eapleneinicelahays'staliasenedasescaverets!e 7c OS Ue OS uaao Sesser acreaenege fans) voke fone ehedeiele rat - Noten sie a3k T= Aere ee ny atelais \exeiaie.leeis fete Vel shea teyaietrrem sini ns eO TO, sun PG ONO 5 OO sas) CO LEN Cah Y0y a SeeReRaN ec ens tee te eNans PIO pur ‘drios ‘Og Peeps ores NDRnoes IT "WOW pure ‘ayrxid ‘xaTlog seaieraraXetonsnayavereter sree 1S TT STU ‘por ‘IVg—uoly wiGierieHe lalwTors veleNeie sie savb) ele «(ilsje ie e/a’ s auialsine 2-5-0. zoel cose cade cd Ode ole ebdbo 2 fc | 19 barrels. SEER jc ierateelalsieseieie is: 6s 298 tierces, 670 barrels, and 12 half bar- | 1,853 barrels. rels; of these 28 barrels beef foreign. PROGR WV AKG Viole oe wale! os 2 tierces and 1 cask. | PAS GME 6p sso 3 Sine 2,909 bags—1,468 Canada, 1,441 man- | 65 barrels and 204 bags. ufactured in bond. | SoS eee | Syahni 9 al ace ailet-oyini aavor's'a:b.4 Sl eeyennedd ober ames 1,000 bushels. BSEAHGY, <0.0)0iejer, 0, 0:5. 0)n,0)0 20 hogsheads (foreign.) SAE. sho 40> 00 2100 | 49) bags. lors Cy es epee | Lhe Gian ef opean SURO S ‘clayey Guage shay repos SF Ota eae ahs 8,009. Brooms, corn......... 55 dozen, 1 package, and 1 broom. Butter........--.+-- | 20,767 kegs, 4 barrels and 12 half bar- | 10,015 kegs. rels, 164 firkins and 251 tubs, 35 | minois. Wandles.-..2 250.05. | 113 boxes—i0 British, 3 Canada, 100 | 189 boxes. manufactured in bond. Cast-iron ware ....... 18 stoves and 8 pieces. Cheese .......++-..-- | 112 tierces, 77 barrels, 4 boxes, 2 pack- | 133 packages. | ages, 1 cask, 1 case, 1 cheese. Rare sass oe wos so - [esx Corn, Indian.......-..| 54,658 bushels and 200 bags.......... 41,491 bushels. CIT Soe BREA aretens 230,466 barrels--224,403 Canada, 6,063 | 129,740 barrels. foreign. AIT MIEIETES « S50 «015 6 cc0. 11 packages. Furs and skins ......- 15 packages, 16 casks, 8 cases, 1 pun. | 23 packages. | 1 tierce, 1 barrel, and 1 bale. MEDS Sa aya oleae cieiniiai Ss 13 boxes and 9: boxes. H MEN OA SC etarave) ats 2<'s'scuc o> 43 kegs. MG MOA oi55 3s ysie ese oye ss | 99 half barrels. FIOOIS 5 os 3 Sese is ose ee 7 tons, 2 ewt. and 5 pounds. LSITIEGVI SIs ogo cn Oemie 3 boxes, 3 tins, and 1] case. Horns and bones...... 6,490 horns, and 51 tons, 6 cwt. bones.| 35 tons horns and bones. Lard ......2.0+:2000- 236 barrels and 188 kegs; of these, 200 | 4 barrels and 208 kegs. barreis foreign. Lumber, viz: Boards «<%2) <0 11 (CSU PISEGEhe. 6 ofano oo docu gessoS00 oN 7,487 pieces. Dealecan sivas pier :| 22) Dab a3GG aol OO BOON OD OIG ooo 3,146 pieces. BUMS aioe airtel ere eye ol IR «cl sds onan ie loss. 1s iRis sis a sel ele 622 pieces. EV AWS BT eS rere VAM See valaie ie SrareSiennig ie a0 6 cin arene seeisbents 18,032 Maples cae ccs ce 9 logs. NORTS ciorevers eerie 9) 5) DATS e016 ee CAS IB EEE ea t c5-c161" 1,367 pairs. POW WN terete) oe auenee mayen miata th aa: cso < ia S.ey'e, Wron alan eione 338 pieces. Walnut 22.5 5,000 feet. eee and | 222,739 pieces std., 8,248 barrels...... 231,861 pieces std. and bbls. arrel. Puncheon...... DO MSS @DIC CES Etat ida sara\s de sisi ets aiscie¢ 375,400 pieces. Heading... = -\. PAULO Ie Cesare lsc rere c\sins elie 6)'a0, ofa eles Moal, Indian... 26.0: Agha DELO LS Menon stayel ais ni ancercnelcteie digas 1,472 barrels. Gatsce uke ne ate 1,019 barrels and 12 half barrels...... | 522 barrels. Pe thas. .:0 6 weriare) sree Li cases and 8 casks. 430 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 23—PORT OF MONTREAL—Continued. Description of goods. Year ended January 5, 1852. Year ended January 5, 1851. MALS ise si & 6 otayslave Gin, 61 ler alle; ysl GeleraleeiaereleVate oes wislwlngleleversleciels) 6 els 1,072 minots. Oihcakesecnewr ewes SBSitonsy Stewtss a qrsi. nce vec. cles os 200 tons, 7,608 pieces, and 24 barrels. ONIONS oe ceetics coe or 160 barrels and 24 bushels ..........4. 328 barrels. Ores, COPPer te aia oxnncey 415 tons, 5 cwt. Ratis. << sla Ree aiajes spe Oo OZeN- Peas..:.\. st eae eee 61,476 bushels, 543 barrels, and 50 half | 209,874 bushels and 496 bar- rels. Pipes, tobacco........ TUES Suns '5 Gite nIOOICIOe ct ocHSmeeincars 100 boxes and 65 half boxes. POD ccocess ost Se es 3,732 barrels, 1 tierce, and 4 half bar- | 445 barrels. barrels. rels; of these, 1, 734 foreign. Saleratus ........ .».| 116 boxes. Seed, viz: Clover ias,.20-\~\- 31 barrels. Timothy ....... 26 barrels and @2 casks. Millet... seer 6 barrels. | Wax: «clerareeh« ate 19 barrels and 260 bushels. | Soap....- 555885645 IOS one acision baKdHcCnes ols Soaot | 849 boxes. tareh) 2.6. 6 «. Brajeicie avs 201 boxes and I case pulverized. | Sugar, maple ........ 7 boxes. Sirip, maple. se lsslen 1 keg and 1 jar. | MON SUES cielo see ole ee! = 55 kegs and 4 barrels. | Vinegar .....ss cece SOMPATHEIS HI. UL 06 8q) “sub "yma *suoy ae ert ne ee ‘soryijuenb [e410], “‘sopoIWy pr nn ‘hpaarqoadsas ‘sjassan UDILIIWET PUD YAMA UL PNALLDI Sjunowp ay) Fuysmsursrp ‘SGQT ‘G hupnune dGupua nah ayz u ‘aonsg fo 40d ay) 3D ‘saywIgy pajuyy 2y2 02 DpounD worl sj.odxa Suamoys JUIUAIDICN———"Ee ‘ON g COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ‘roliedng oyv'T pur ‘1aAtt osooyy ‘Avg 8, UOSpNyy BIA [[R ‘Ule}Ig }VeIx) ULOIF OSOU,T, ‘10lledng oyry] pur Avg s,uospnyy BIA poyzodury eee "SYIVULOY GEST 96 e@eeeeer eee gee eeeee "ann 4 "901210 popup Woy 668‘ OT 9st ‘¢ Ole 099 °F 9ce'T 661 ‘T eeoevree ek eeoeoee e@eseeevee eoeoe see ee eee eeoseeteeeeee eeeereere eee 8 @ eeeeeeneeeee eaeeceetoeeoeseeaee ol 86 StI 6& 9€ 8FI V eeoeseee eee es 09TH e@eerveeoe eee @ “anyon 4 “WIePIE {voix WOT "OSE ‘0G Aumnune ‘qsa44 Dpoung ‘amwmpr -aig qnng fo J4og ‘AsNOH-WoLsaAD POL ‘BI 9IL‘E e@eoeveee enone “ONT RA [240], ° se seees grammed 9] e@eee eee ev eevee eee o @ e@eeeeeeeveoe en ee eee ee eocvee jooy 006‘7 "SqT GT SIDE ymo TZ ee sere TALIeg I Hoe SUOTEO PL seers? sraliTg [T oe PPR SG ree eeesopresg eevee ee SUO][V.O Q Hee eees ope epg reese sop ep eels) * +) STLOTEO Oe ree eeee opr eege tes eee ope: PET --**spunod 9) p 0 I Gc “Ohsal ol 6 TI OL! Teesk "sq? ‘sub "amg ‘sorytqutnb [240], . eoeoer eee eee ee ee eo & 6e @eeere ee 88 4888 © © be eeoeerreee ee eevee ee ee oe seeweeeereeee 2 ee ee eeeeeeeece eae eesee en e@veerveve ee e@eecee eoeoeereeeee ee eee eae @eeespeeeeesteeee e@eeeesoves ee eeee eae e@eseoe eaeveeeeee eee @ e@eeotsteeevee eevee eee ete *s9OULD PUT S}vOq UY ‘s}voq uodo Aq [[v O10M SojVjIG pop oy} WoI suOTyey10d wt ey — ALO NT be eeeeeeees naqvioumMUsU) ei 4 Sen ee eres eo ee shes GoTaT ae ates i ere Pere 20 fey Seated Oe) =° HOO U9]]OO AA. ssheenease® 9 ¢ 9005 TO}0D eteeeeseree cess QIDMDITET see eee ee eeeeseee ssroguing Reren ete See SGU Sao ne Sh Sn tates vate a he et Pose tn esse ee eceveres 1Q9g te eeee oe mora Soo 0:1 ree eee eee eeeeeees gostory seee* IeGOUlA pete tence eee e ee segrMIDIOD PAU MLE! ee Rte (o nial: ** uaa. see e cece cesce ser Lin Cindy ne ee ee eee ey seco) ULLG UN ees? gene ee Oy pe AG Harun: thee seeveesenecees Aonnig tree n etree eee eee ees SIDBIC *s**painjorjnurur fo90rqo J, sete eee ce tees eeeeees gay oo tee eee ere se ees ssQgsRIOT sorree seers nipistq N jaRan eR nines eS = ST FUT ED GD ‘rvsng sseeeeeesees sugared faazop @eeoeese ee ee ee eeoeoeee see eee “solOIIV -pajodun yoryn fig ajnos ay) pun aouayn woLf saraqunos ay) Sur -ysin.dunsip ‘%cQy ‘CG hunnune cupua smah ay) sof any ‘aig ynog fo qvod ayn ojur spsodunr dumoys quawmajnjs 10.10UIy—Ge ‘ON e@) MN ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 434 ‘407007009 ‘NOSCIAVG NHOfL 668 ‘SLT ‘T 6S9°L8 atm POP ‘810‘T 19S‘ LOG $99 ‘F 86h" 9T 808 ‘OT SPS 9L9‘8 PPE PII (G, =e GG9 "LB 096 VHS ‘S 86h TLT O8P ‘G byo IL on 809 ‘PST 1067 891 6666 966 ‘6% GGG "9 are ‘rot 069 ‘Ss 881.569 89 ‘EIT 9&7 ‘9S 996 ‘SI 968° LLT 96S 996 ‘E86 She 089 @eoeseeer renee eae BoE" L 806 "1 006‘T CLL SP 086 ‘7$ cee eee ees eee oe “90udL -MCT "JQ PIA "s9qt1G popyuy vos Aq poyiod | vIA pure ul pozsod -UIL ON[TA [eIOJ,| -WT oNTRA [R1OJ, GE0‘R em 009 eoeseaeev ese ee & | 6S¢‘T GIG e*e¢eee 00 6 0 60 © ® @ oanoeeveeeeconvse joe eesoveeveecen je @e@eeesee cee ne & e©eeee coe eo ee 6 oe eoeeesre ev vec eo i eoeec eres eo sa ee ee 918 OLT D eevereoeverae oo ee POLS ‘On[RA ‘SOlI} -UNOD USI9I0J TOYYO [TV WOT cooeoee ee ew eee e eeoearece ee gene PST | 80S “0a# e@eeee e802 40 8 @ “On eA ‘SeIuo[0O URd -1LOULY 440 AT —— GEL FPO‘ POS" LOG 799‘F 8GL°9T 808 ‘OT Shs 919°8 886 °STI en OF LB 060°6 PISS 867 TLT Q8h°G prs ‘II 886" EI 886 ‘19 889° 7ST vr6-V 89L G6G'6 GLLTS GEB‘B Shs ‘Pos ‘an[ea ‘sa}RI1¢ Ysiyiig wor, | peyug wor “paj.odun yan hq aot ay)? pup sauaym wolf sar.tqunos | 983° PST “T pe ne | meee BST L8 rishi 0z9‘¢ 881,°69% SOT ‘ETT 967 ‘9S 966 ‘GI 968° LLT 9S 966 ‘E86 SPE 089 8G‘ L Ser 9E¢ vrV & 096 ‘18 epeoeteeee ee e820 0 @ & ‘enypeAa SUIT | qeoixy) WOT lnm a a rv rere ane tt EF OS SE LS A EAR 008 ‘86I ‘% 0GB°S6G | 066‘ L % 8GL "OT 808‘ 0T I. Shs . 008° FT f ch 700‘ S§I 0&8 ‘99 : G19 ‘OF SPS‘ 6LS O9L‘ OL PIS ‘G : TBE "ESS i" 868% I 86G‘6I | chica 886 ‘69 | 070 °691 GSS ‘9 GLE‘ 66S ‘6 GEL SL 968 ‘OL BhE ‘Foe | ‘on[tAa [e4OT, | | SS eee ee ee ooeves oe eoeren eoeooee @ecsee evece @eease eee o eocoeve ee ee @ ee see ooev eo? eoese oveee eeere esoee LI9‘6L GoGo’ LSE 6b) S&P ELOP ‘OL TPGL L 6SP‘L SI 0 6SL‘SI Oe 1 ee 1 GZ 0 918'S ‘sory ‘GST “EG SAVANE ee Ae ge a [OMe IdiT}O Frat Ve rte ee rae RL Stereo ee ee ee es eOIT DROIPIEY tees eee eens eeeus cers sanryy rite tener greece eee s egHoog LE ee i Ba EE eT oo te eee cere e eee ts STLITTOO MA Pete e eee tenet eee ee see BHTIG tee e cree ee ee seer ee ecQttiry tener etree oeeesoss ee auyBary roeeeeoesouOll PUB COLUM PIBET sede ee te eee cerees OIBMSSTTX) oe tee ee eres eer eseeres Ugg sees eer soInjOVINURU U0}}0D beet ceeeeerresceeees esggdg teen ceecseeeeeerooesseainig resent ene ere ee sewer sara Feggpr rest ereesee es ss sogaRqay, abe = (2 | gaa ad Sh Sea cad eo 21 segppeGe sete estes ees ees SOULAA segredet recesses seeees Apueig regqpr eters cereecese sees SIRs seqMor ees ereee sees moar fesng “*qmorrrreee sess spouyal SiBgng eq Mor sees cr eee eeee ees nggog @aeeelseae eeer|eee eoeeeieeve eeee |, oe eeoeelson a i a A I "SO[DIPV -uenb [eyoy, | ay? surysinsursrp ‘eGgy ‘G haonwoge supua snah ayn sof uoynungy fo rLod aya ona ssodun Sumoys quawaynys 7p49UIxy)—9Z, “ON 435 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 407997109 “TIAANAIN “I “AA 'OGRT ‘ee Aumnuog SoLNoU0,,, 40 LUG *asNOH-WoLsAy seach ett ere a ne agg ‘9E 006 ‘F% 069 ‘Sze ‘T 968° PLOT 866° 109°S e@oese ee so® waeoesiceoeo nese ssevoeeone PECL 9cT‘TE OY (8 aNOPue spe) SWPE Yan WT W're [name ousten’a)j wre rwsavrerte aNpeny eye wry vorvinyregeca rey oce scan See MST ee 10 SINTON TENCTICg) ercer ee renee oe aioe eee eo iveee ee} CL9 ‘HE eaovorsee orn ee eee oLO ZG [PPP SRR Re Hee St Me Reeth Raat 8 FR PSC Sie tree Lie ray Eee 5 as ae OnE eocecreneeeresr eerie ee ee ae epee eee 9£6' FS POE PVG ‘CG woe: wince sale See (6° |e abt ipaessleh sly (Fie ehiaiphalnia bepiesl mo Marsne os iO Maa AKO TE) ATU RCN e@eoorse oer toe eoveoeiee eee ee ee awe se 06E FE eceeeoreereeoveee NCE ‘TS Pcie SMa Rta AIA) OR OA ea ae Mage Oe tN th ange CPO I LIS AS SRL IONE (L016) enero sere see ese ee eee eee eee es 088 ‘Ti eoececoeo econo eeee 088°TT Ep eee ees saree sie em obereeys weet +e oes es ecee wee 2 OTE YOO|G DUR SOuO enon Siete) (eee 019: e.b.6 0 ale stelbie's © «0 eL8 «66 079 ‘SG Gxelle| plete .el'6 © a)s) e160 8 079'S Eee BLM MCI PLY CCT CO SS EF CTR OM es ASE TS ROLES Gv aV Tuten PPL ‘SE OO OOO OOOO HRasO CMe 6S0‘ 69S CLL ‘OSS GLO SSS Pec e tee ease nee es ta ae er sees cesarean rete reseresasssisses ss snOOg JONI eoe eee ete ee eerie oo ee eovseeeoevoe GGL‘EPL R60 ‘RTL OSL TOP ‘T Seve bere eseeeslsoceeresessccectsoscsecveersesess «song Soipmpley ‘spoos AIq aeteticiate is aint are ccne ce 9CF POS F pee eset rere ees POL ‘P Meh aU fn Ma al a ae On Re eae (ee TCSII UNDE Sh of aOR a Ring keel QbG ‘PT 207'R o9e ‘es mere age Ae citraltine @ ei eB azar sly > © ois ol Baba geee See 9 ook ee Se eae ee ee ee ed G6P ‘ST < Ss) eciaip ee 6 sue er piere GbR ‘T Pee c eer ecrserls ce te ast eseseroeternesssrvecesscscooves s om fsgu ‘asso muallets\elpiierisievelieusiiovelic ata ace ecensievsieiese s SOL ‘SS eee see esa eee R01 ‘SS Pee e eb te arsine see sersssvesorivecevescrcrsenscosscco sees corp fsggidy ‘SIN Peete nee eee eale eaten eeeeees DONT vet eeee erence! QONT ce, “OT HegToUsnige st te ett eee tere ee tee este ee cee esas ener seen es aTBG 9Le te teeereeeeens| gg ‘RT 961% 769 ‘1S ‘ C17 ‘6S “ *SULOT PBI. ft 68! © Oe sinus sete oem = wales roles aT pur syiidg Pro ‘1¢ i SLE ‘OG coor vee esecee OST‘ LS 966 TLE ET 0) 09) ue MR Le et CEO ORY (0 7<)ay of 4 ‘SIvSlo ‘ooovqo J, corer sere ee eesiserteeeseenoees 068 ‘SST Peete eee eseeee 062 ‘SST ©10 ‘OPP UNTO’ 0° 58 Pte 8 90% Byam ennis gin sh e/Rpjeiy #9 cca on Bee wine Ns ScD, oe cere erocoos PPG ‘T coe ecseeerseene PPE‘ LL 0 6@6‘T 5 89 OPP Aes © 2 oelsias v roles pale eee wins s ye SW pes te 6 Ae SORS TONY | ppp ped 9ET “£9 oP ‘ed 000‘%6 ST & 296 ‘ST + ab SBpe nce tals ge oe se ca spice Oi erica se eae ge oy SIRS at, ee he ee ‘ a mr mere a 8 0 LG'S A $Me Me aug shure ha dapce one ot Swine Caan REG" LOH BBB‘ LEP } SI & 2 qao 9eYOD ‘anj[va ‘salty | ‘onyra ‘seruo -un0d UsIa10} | -foou,uIy'N | ‘onyeaA ‘saqyeyq | ‘onyea SuleyLIg sor} "SOPOIWV IoyjoO [Te WOT | ystig wor1g | poy worg | yeorg Worg | “onjea [ejO7, | -1ywenb [eyo], “‘pajsodua yorym hg anos ay) pup aauaym WOLf S74) Uno? ay) Smysinsurjsip ‘ZGQT ‘c hannune supua sol ay2 tof ojuosoz, fo rsod 942 oj spcodun cuamoys Juawuaynys 7p.L9UID)— LZ ‘ON "3" 01 poytodxgy 00g |, 886°6 OS BLE A, 008 6p ee | 66'S cee reseeeeees oSS ‘Ss ein a ae Ae SRR Ae Re ee MATES [Tae ee Oat | "qua sad fyoy-v-pun-ayany eeeoeevas eve 00€ inci isa canes 1) */"4yua0 red Aju 3B SepoIyIe [TV hea eeeee0eeseeeee2 ee eeeeeeves ee , *quao wad hywany ES Da C UR ere ee oslee ce esse ewes FOL, SCO Cts ec ee ls s ce bene ce ct PrTr P Wiislie) e\.6'Cetn) el siiarei(s)|e elisialursetateieve: POL‘SL eo eee ee rose rise ve seeeoeeee BES eee reo e er eee POL eee ee ere eees PPT‘? eoeorse see esrees POLST Pee cer vercee Ree cee Os eae oe eg See ae co9 L "SUO][Ror > Oe? BOUL A. BisaX omit Me MUS Lx eae a pane aiaiiarec enamel wise m Si vel peor mh ob obs wie Ake Tae (5 em ieee Sn oe eno SRST ace eee ‘asnoy So 2 D¢e 6 B60 6 8 8 -O1@M Ul s]a “ysng QOL‘ pus © + 0} paytod -xo spoysnq 16€°9 “quan wad fpury 7, Z20CL FI ls -spaysnq’ sss ttt ee eetes ye 216 ‘¢ is POD! 2°." | eer ua ermenS OLE PP BODE it ee tee ee ee Se onlanas 2166'S * *SuUO][vO* * s[eIpioo pure sziidg P66, SsrOptet s*t. S aan 2oen'ey teroptrstsees ssipiito 889 ‘08 ** op’ ‘painjorjnuew GLI‘ 6LE ‘sop'’ poorynururun foooRqoy, 1£6‘ FPG ‘espunod’ sts eerste e eee Ray, gsoLs OB, Se AIO OCC CLC HEROS Pa BORLOL TVs 009‘T eevee rrceeece ricco er sess oeeee 89Pr‘T eoecese ere reeesise ees eee oes es QOT Cee ere cer ce ols eee cussenne 918 ‘SI eeeeecteeoreecsie ee ee ee ee ose 960‘ LY eerceerse eee sis coe esse eeone 669 ‘ST eeeoeereeeersiseees ss e000 « 189 ‘966 coer eto oes tice eer teeosene eeeere ee ee eerie ee eerrevevee ANDREWS’ REPORT ON e@eeertoaeees GEL '86 GEP ‘SoH GEL '86 CEP SCH val 0 $99 'P Pe eQp ke res vee 2 2 ssa ROR BI OTD cI & GEE "9 € & 089'S oe ‘op’ eseceese Spuly I[® ‘indng seamorrtsseses "1001S ‘gayjon 436 ‘soifoadg ‘20U0l -MPT “49 *$0]219 °) "SOlI] "SolUO0[OO "‘syIVUIEY wIA vas Aq | BIApuR[UI | -unoodUSIe | uvoleMy "SepoIWVy ‘saryiyuenb [P71 poyrodurt poytodmr | -10} 19y40 ON]BA [eJOT, | ONTVA [VO], | [Je wor (LON US! *8O78IS Ue -jug wo. PenTHLL on yeory WOl “on[ eA Renken ———————————— “pajsodur ynyn hq amos ay? puv aauayn wosf sar.sqjUnod ay) Huysinduysrp ‘ecgyT ‘Gc huonung Supua nah aya sof uyor ag fo 40d ays one sjsodun Suinoys juamaynys 1v.1aUVa4)—'Q% ‘ON 437 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. "sopanog Supy ‘YOTAV.L “M ‘£ “2PTS osnor -O1RM UL ON[VA "*BPo$ osnoy -o7@M Ul ON[VA 800‘T eeeeteveeves eoeceeneaeneoe @eaetreeooe e@ose eve en eee Str LP6‘T 700‘SI CSL ‘SHG 966 ‘FI 66008 * 08 966‘ 1 789 ‘2 098 P66 806‘ P9 006‘9 GI8‘S Sr ‘T 6S0‘E SFE 91 ‘SIS 091° 16S 166 ‘ST 9LI‘LS Pr0‘8 CLE‘ IST 966‘ 0& 966‘1Z OPT ‘E66 79S ‘S p9s‘9 898 ‘TT 809 ‘EL 961.69 918'96 vOE 668 ‘T 966 ‘9§ —_—__ O0& eee G6 ‘PLL 886 ‘FL CSL‘ GHG 996 ‘FI 966 ‘VG 08z 966 1% 789‘, 098 zat 806‘ P9 006‘9 GI8‘S SPE ‘T GS0‘s Shs POL “ERT 966 ‘T6IL £06‘ST P86‘0€ P98 ‘fF a 70S ‘99T 966° 08 POG ST PET S06 7956 ¥99"9 go II 809 “ST GLO LG 808 °S3 709 ‘9ET 80F eeeee cee 0 poo coe eee eae OFG e@eeeeertoe OFE ‘9S 96006 866 ‘ GF Gale 889 ‘SI 9TL'é SEL“ LT GGG BCP bre 'T ° 097 ‘8h6‘T £00‘ST GGL SHG 996 F1 660‘0 08% 966 ‘°GIG 09L ‘T&S P66 ‘ST 9LI‘LS 7r0'8 GLP‘ ISI 966‘ OE 966 ‘1G OVI ‘Eee 79S‘°% p99 898 ‘TT 809 ‘ET 961‘69 9L8 ‘SS ae eee weed aie eg a ger ele eoeoeeeeoe see eo eoeeeeee ee eee €09‘9LT © 759 ‘TET LS 66P g6c ‘Te 169 ‘€6I 0 0 OL ag e@eereewereoieeece eevee ee eee oe aoeeteveseee¢ coor eerganvnenee ooo ter eoe er ae e eeoeeene eee eoeaeereee ee eee 08 0 Bs0°G accra: ©! SSD 00 9o1f 19q1O se eeeereeee ss uoINg pur U0) *spunod*******+* joom-u0}}09 ratte ee eens eeteeee es SHOOT see e ete eee cree cee es SrOTITY ET | pusiensisntee See Oe eS ROT OMTG 19YIO "SDUMOU® stare RIES AO TO TT, Op: eo ee SO PILE ulsoy STOTLeG eee sma aa pue Youd Tole eee ies eden OS OR SS TONEY “*sqr'**** ao} pure dwoy ‘xepq RLS Se iP Ss A) 1 90745 oA Oe DN ne he arama Cay e@ oe ee woe coe eee re oe oO 8 Oe Se[qSlig eooeee5seee e808 @@ @ ***UL00-WLOO1G quao sad fyny-0-pun-ony sees sere eters se esgroiqae IayIO Freee eees TOOL reese esse noo eeaovoeereeaeee YTIS veneer eeees HOUT Arouryorw pue ‘orvmpaiey SUOII ****Taqqna CIpUT see seees rOyZROT tee e eee e+ 1109]09 seeeees ssorpuros poinjoRnurpy rer eqgmor eee tees seer ee eggiyy pig) Sait 87RD Cee Ras SS ees **ynuR0000 10 tuyed ydooxe “TIO eoeeeess ee eo ee *pouury ‘1ayyee'T ee eas he aie es hea cage pail LY ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 438 oe ee ee 79S ‘901 06S ‘TE 96¢°8 08s‘ Z16‘ST6 | 006'86 eutowotT frocctrceessett emer eres sess Teo, soem aeeee ea [hs Snot nce ges "$0101 “(:) 01 po Be ae oes) sreredes pron seys og9‘ezt | ZI8€ eer OLT sev eecetseealneesersreeeeeeeerss «spo05 O01] eo eer ce es teeiseeeoereeees® ‘op ee jo SJUNOWIB VGI'T wee cers ccc eerie vr eer reve esreleve rece seeeriecees ee oe @ SOL‘TS eoeeeeecoeee GOL‘TS ee oeerc ee ee elsee eee sn ece es ‘op 0G were ctr ccc e cle eee ree aee essences eseeecsiseereees cee FAK ecoceesseeese GCS ‘FP seco erserccsiesetore rose seatigg Jad QE Spoor Be eee QPP ‘cg a ae gp ‘cg sie gle taele ey a7 parses epOoe ouagdS 70506 7Qc ‘RT cesseeeeeeer! Foy 060 ‘9% 96668 QP ‘cece see ee ceeeeleeeeeeressee sro ‘sqInqjoUInNUefl pa eecoecceoce 10S | ecco rne ese ee sleec cc eeneee elec occ cr ee eceees Cl lene SRO ae eel gee oe dis oli BUNS V8a GIP 1 eccccerc cere rleceeeeree es GIVI PRS OOL‘T Z6LL‘S “Op Se Len 9€0‘T 807 T coo were ere eerie eee e boone O9L‘E 9£0‘T 008‘F fear oy “suotjes secs ec csse ss sApuRIG Qtr B66 Py OU OI0. OLSON SO} D5 PER‘S eeoeeece eevee 91e°e sce c croc eeetleeeeeceeoeceecesoeeee saint AIG CEL 806, OOO 05 BOKER OS SON F f GELS 709 es C1219) Co =| OIL‘ O1S 097 ‘8% Gne’es . oricce | Oar em eS cuiaare LG € S90'P | Cyan sts sOpeaoosN yA! ‘IBsNg ¢: anjv A “anpDA zi anjn A “anjvA — ——————— “QOUITA RT] "saqv49 "4 VIA BOS |() BIA, pur, | “SolIyUNOD | *SeTUOTOD ‘sy1eulay kq pojsodurr |-ut poyzoduit jusieioy io |W 'N Yst |Seve}G poy) “Urey "solzly “SopOIWV lon[vVA [vjO], | onTVA [eIOJ, |-YIO [[e Wor T|-jag Wor, |-lU Wor | yotx) WL | “ONTBA [L240 J, -uvnb [v40,], | | a Slee pe Bee ao a | -pajsodua yay fq anos ay) pun aouaym wolf sar.1qunoa ay)? Surysimauysrp ‘ZGgy ‘G huvnune supua tah aya sof uorscuyy fo vod ay) op sqwodun sumoys juauayy)s )0.10UID— Gz “ON COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 439 No. 30.—Abstract of merchandise recewed from the frontier districts ad- jowming Canada, and re-warehoused in the district of New York, during the year 1851. Articles. Packages. Value. ASHES. cece cer esesecceees 2,093 barrels, 6 cases, 15} barrels .........-- $62,562 00 Beef... os 0 0's sien vieielatawieiy 60% KOO MER CESNs is SURES ch. +s esse se “56K 1,025 00 Barley......+++ kk ove bint 987 bushels.. baw Whose eae ees 354 00 i A SPS eee aera 1,340 kegs, 23 tubs, fllgeitcel W.nvderaacanuke 8,791 00 Cotton and worsted ........ SUCASES Mola yee ofake ae 'mace) b/s ty « aes eee 1,105 00 Fire-engine ...eceesesseees In. 5,eases\ and, | bundle, 2c ais. Pets sr trates os 4 1,230 00 TS SAS Bie ets hos 13 cases, 3 puncheons, 3 casks ........... 6,347 00 IM she << ja. 0s 610 6 8 2s; eee ie aie 200,352 barrels. < . as teat » eae aibteln tate railed metals 846, 814 00 2 OS SAGAR UGs Calis nr wvetaletedte fate a0) ¢ bbb biefelote afclee ied 630 00 MSCPHMCT. . 5 6 cores sneer ewes 8 bales... c.c6e: G eicelat lero afetue 3/8 o'a%ss oer 519 00 Maeeasims 2/55... Siesieieieiie de CASES Wd ol eleguiett aleltiw s ection ala wish 2 S10 ae 757 00 Rea M AL o)e 5 sehen 6 6 8'6 siete mie 00 barrels... csteisere cele cu ss ahieh fe a'eyeiobies 666 00 ESM ered ors, Semis s 626 oS oenvee s 2,439 barrels, 1643 barrels, 5, 641 bushels.. 5,651 00 PSKHOS, GTESSEMs «views cies ous Ly CASE serar ree SPOR A Me. 5 oie’ wie Shite AteteR > Sitwihees 316 00 undressed..... a dene lt Casey ee atoctaiece = seve aes ae bieiwb % sow sioln'et 182 00 AN deo o's dacs «, Sordid a rere PD) MDLESHE, bs op POV Siok’ oie. o Bale ErO ied SoMRIS tE 1,300 00 ES 38 ga ae ee ee eae 91 pipes, 121 half pipes, 5 quarters tomes a 7,631 00 2 ee een deliey AOR DUSHEISHIG ORO to. eos wane eaibea cit oece.| 4815213 00 1,427,093 00 District or New York, Collector’s Office, March 22, 1852. No. 31.—Abstract of merchandise recewed from the frontier districts ad- jong Canada, and re-warehoused in the district of Boston and Charles- town, during the year 1851. Articles. Packages. Value. PERL RE te aint ae foie yee. o: dint nw ots 28,763 barrels......0+. Stel sich at oheleate) Be ees Hes $96,256 00 PASIPESIAD « 6 pie ieopieesaneiais esac MS AMDATECLS) 2 )pt) (ares. Wivie.e do wlas wlan vies avenneren’ 2,521 00 PESTER osb=(oaeusioyaimiia whine shone marae 1,069 kegs and tubs........0.s006 die ialeialeaieys 7,466 00 Paper, writing..... Siclaiay aisles SMCASES He scihl ii ake Nolobaterars) averatbraslavatcralwlvere (elare 465 00 ep MANORS ays) wich sper saticieyerassisyaiw re Geiss EA AIS HARI Meter sine\viw ave OOO kt — 890 00 FE ele nl es ado coveeye nie isle veoh 2,815 bushels, . 20. cc ce cece ccc es osrieaseorses 1,082 00 Peat. CG Seca sedagy.. 5 G8 1s OBDibuishels 1. HSGeS i Neleale + oleewon serbielaeteste 8,628 00 Curiosities, fossil remains, PRE ences em nieaollane seein anaes 87 packages..... asia, e/a erelelaieie dveveses soe 2,133 00 119,441 00 CoLLecTor’s OFFICE, District of Boston and Charlestown, March 15, 1852. 440 No. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 32._DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. Abstract of quantity and value of merchandise transported in bond to the fron- ter districts, to be exported to Canada, during the year 1851. Articles. ROME Ses le s.s's sata eve staan iicatia teitg Brushes... 256s RS oe MEAS ic é: clea testa renis ew alee Brandy (0s. \tee belnepe ce sn eee ERIUGEASTOMES «hs, aie wioad vi wise sise Buttons Camphor......... Cordials eeeoeo2evevee eet esvex eo 2 e eo @ Cut glass.......eseees mews Dry goods.....e.0- pieiaeiele Drugs Karthenware ....... Sooo ne Engravings Furs esceceeotevee@® e222 280 0 & e@sesenueeoaevoeeee0e erpeeeeevreeee se ee ee ee @ Glassware Glass bottles...cs.0 0s ss 00 0 Hardware Hemp, manufactures of..... Hides esceoeeoesee2 e088 8 @ 8 coe eee 6eee e782 8 & Oe Rom AH. a < 2s ieee ove.s apatniel ea manufactures of...... Jewelry MME T adelsis 6 idciareyaceueedeneueveds Leather, manufactures of.. Looking-glass plates... Musical instruments EM aSSe Sate aietele tue ie ielenetoyars vei Metal, manufactures of Nutmegs....... ces Sfeiain eve Oilseloth...\<... seisl state sounearans P ROA ee «wie line, etarcasiavaisilece neisyae ane palm PAINS. » << «0% 0000.0 ees reserved TUL; ., mieiecislele os 1,979 00 45 bees » ee and 75 casks..... 4,829 00 2,829 pieces.. ee 3,359 00 He waiserern EF. cusebictiaisintalelh 's \als checustehiatic ewyp PROD Es 320 00 Dicasks.. 5 Sa TTIINOD WalalOy AOUG , : ; 098° F6S‘9 9ST‘ TEe0‘s eerie. Se oe eee eencenn eS 8 DS VOTO, JO SOPEIC peyuy OL8 ‘1% 968‘ T9L £60 ‘GES 086 ‘09 Shhh 9LE‘8 Paget Se acereree ie cease 4s 0* <* saat D TIT ISO KA UBIFLUT 919 Gg8e 9LL‘808 Gioia ena satinrasn: NPR en os eos ae SOTTO OD URIIOUY Y}ION L| oc6‘Tg9‘6# | 91t‘sa0‘o# ——— @ecoereee eevee ae eeste eo esseeeee see eee oF uUIe}LIG peeIr) "pIVMINO pareaIO “pIVAUI perejuTy | *preMyno porlee]O | ‘prvaul poroyuyy ‘sjrod *sz10d ‘s}iod uslo1oy Woy put 0} osvuUOy, | ‘s}1od Ysipag Woy pue o} oSvuUOT, | -un Jo onfe,A | -xo jo onjeA "R98 WOT STOSSa A x NOLLVOIAVN “HOUAWNOD ‘OGST wah ayn Suinp ‘sunsndop pun surartwm spassaa fo adnuuo, ayn yn sayjaso) ‘sar.ugunoa usrasof pup ‘sowojoo way “Unpasg qnaty woLf srrodua puv sjuodxa fo anjua ay) surpquyxa ‘wpnung fo aosauuos ay) fo mara 109r)8YDIIJ—TP ‘ON COLONIAL AND LAKH TRADE. 445 PRR TO Vol: " NEW. BR UNSW.LC K. This province is situate between Canada and Nova Scotia, and abuts on the northeastern boundary of the United States, upon the line lately established under the Ashburton treaty. To the southward it is bounded by the Bay of Fundy, and is separated from Nova Scotia by a boundary line across the narrow isthmus which connects Nova Scotia with the continent of America. On the northeast New Brunswick is bounded by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Chaleur; it is divided from Canada by a line which follows for some distance the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude. The area of New Brunswick is estimated at nearly twenty-two mil- lions of acres; its population, by a census taken during the year 1851, is a little over one hundred and ninety-three thousand souls. The great agricultural capabilities of New Brunswick, and its fitness for settlement and cultivation, are only now beginning to be known. The commissioners appointed by the imperial government to survey the line for a proposed railway from Haliiax to Quebec, thus speak of New Brunswick in their report: “Of the climate, soil, and capabilities of New Brunswick, it is im- possible to speak too highly. There is not a country in the world so beautifully wooded and watered. An inspection of the map will show that there is scarcely a section of it without its streams, from the run- ning brook up to the navigable river. Two-thirds of its boundary are washed by the sea; the remainder is embraced by the large rivers, the St. John and the Restigouche. ‘The beauty and richness of scenery of this latter river, and its branches, are rarely surpassed by anything on this continent. ‘The lakes of New Brunswick are numerous and most beautiful; its surface is undulating—hill and dale—varying up to mountain and val- ley. It is everywhere, except a few peaks of the highest mountains, covered with a dense forest of the finest growth. ‘The country can everywhere be penetrated by its streams. In some parts of the interior, by a portage of three or four miles only, a canoe can float away either to the Bay of Chaleur or the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or down to St. John and the Bay of Fundy. Its agricultural capabili- ties and climate are described by Bouchette, Martin, and other authors. The country is by them—and most deservedly so—highly praised. ‘For any great plan of emigration, or colonization, there is not another British colony which presents such a favorable field for the trial as New Brunswick. ‘‘Qn the surface is an abundant stock of the finest timber, which in the markets of England realizes large sums annually, and affords an 446 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON unlimited supply of fuel to the settler. If the forests should ever be- come exhausted, there are the coal-fields underneath. ‘The rivers, lakes, and seacoast abound with fish. Along the Bay of Chaleur it is so abundant that the land smells of it. It is used as a manure ;.and, while the olfactory senses of the traveller are offended by it on the land, he sees out at sea immense shoals darkening the surface of the water.” This description of New Brunswick is given in an official report pre- sented by two very intelligent officers of the royal engineers, who were sent out from England to survey the proposed railway route, and ex- amine the country through which it would pass. 'They returned to England at.the close of their labors, the results of which were laid be- fore Parliament. 7 The principal river of New Brunswick is the St. John, which is four hundred and fifty miles in length from its mouth, at the harbor of St. John, to its sources, at the Metjarmette portage. It is navigable for vessels of one hundred tons, and steamers of a large class, for ninety miles from the sea, to Fredericton, the seat of government. Above Fredericton small steamers ply to Woodstock, sixty miles further up the river; and occasionally they make trips to the entrance of the Tobique, a farther distance of fifty miles. 'The Grand Falls of the St. John are two hundred and twenty-five miles from the sea. Above these falls the river has been navigated by a steamer forty miles, to the mouth of the river Madawaska, and from that point the river is navigable for boats and canoes almost to its sources. 'The Madawaska river is also navigable for small steamers thirty miles, to Lake Temiscouata, a sheet of water twenty-seven miles long, from two to six miles wide, and of great depth throughout. From the upper part of this lake to the river St. Lawrence, at Trois Pistoles, is about eighteen miles only, and pro- positions have been made for establishing a communication between the St. Lawrence and the St. John, either by railway or canal, across this route. In connexion with the St. John is the Grand lake, the entrance to which is about fifty miles from the sea. This lake is thirty miles in length and from three to nine miles in width. Around the Grand lake are several workable seams of bituminous coal, from which coals are raised for home consumption and for exportation. The harbor of St. John is spacious, and has sufficient depth of water for vessels of the largest class. ‘The rise and fall of tide is from twenty- one to twenty-five feet, and there is a tide-fall at the head of the harbor which effectually prevents its being ever frozen over or in the least impeded by ice during winter. Few harbors on the northeastern coast of North America, if any, are so perfectly free from ice as St. John harbor. It is in latitude 45° 16’ north, longitude 66° 4’ west. The Peticodiac is a large river flowing into the Bay of Fundy, near its northeastern extremity. It is navigable for vessels of any size for twenty-five miles from its mouth, and for schooners of sixty or eighty tons for twelve miles farther. On the lower part of this river a very valuable mineral has recently been discovered, and the seam is now worked to considerable extent. By some this mineral is designated ‘jet coal,” and by others it is considered pure asphaltum. It is black COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 447 and brilliant, highly inflammable, and yields a large quantity of gas of great illuminating power. The seam is worked at four miles from the bank of Peticodiac river, where it is navigable for sea-going ves- sels of large class. On the gulfcoast of New Brunswick there are many fine ship har- bors, each at the mouth of a considerable river; and from these harbors much fine timber is shipped annually to England. The most southern of these harbors is Shediac, which is capacious, and with sufficient depth of water for vessels drawing eighteen feet. Cap- tain Bayfield, R. N., marine surveyor in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, says that Shediac harbor is the easiest of access and egress on this part of the coast, and the only harbor of New Brunswick, eastward of Mirami- chi, which a vessels in distress could safely run for in heavy northerly gales as a harbor of refuge. ‘T'wo rivers fall into Shediac harbor, which is fast becoming a place of importance. Should the proposed railway from St. John to Halifax be constructed, it will touch the gulf at Shediac, which will thus command a large trade as one of the great turning-points of the railway. | Cocagne harbor is ten miles by the coast, northwardly, from Shediac harbor. Within this harbor, which is at the mouth of a river of the same name, there is abundance of space for shipping, and good anchorage in five fathoms water. The tide flows seven miles up the Cocagne river. There is much good timber on its banks, and the port has every facility for ship-building. Buctouche harbor is at the mouth of the Great and Little Buctouche rivers, nine miles by the coast northwardly of Cocagne. Formerly there was only tweive feet of water on the bar at the entrance to this harbor, but, owing to some unexplained cause, the water has gradually deepened of late years, and now vessels drawing thirteen feet have gone over the bar. There is much valuable timber on the banks of this river, and vessels up to fifteen hundred tons burden have been built at Buctouche. Twenty miles north of Buctouche is Rechibucto harbor, which is ex- tensive, safe, and commodious. ‘The river is navigable for vessels of large size upwards of fifteen miles from the gulf, the channel for that distance being from four to six fathoms in‘depth. ‘The tide flows up the river twenty-five miles. The shipments of timber and deals from this port annually are becoming very considerable. The extensive harbor of Miramichi is formed by the estuary of the beautiful river of that name, which is two hundred and twenty miles in length. At its entrance into the gulf this river is nine miles in width. There is a bar at the entrance to the Miramichi; but the river is of such great size, and pours forth such a volume of water, that the bar offers no impediments to navigation, there being sufficient depth of water on it at all times for ships of six hundred and seven hundred tons, or even more. : / _ The tide flows nearly forty miles up the Miramichi from the gulf. The river is navigable for vessels of the largest class full thirty miles of that distance, there being from five to eight fathoms water in the channel; but schooners and small craft can proceed nearly tothe head of the tide. Owing to the size and depth of the Miramichi, ships can 448 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON load along its banks for miles; its trade and commerce are already extensive, and will undoubtedly annually increase. At the northeastern extremity of New Brunswick, just within the entrance of the Bay of Chaleur, is the spacious harbor of Great Ship- pigan, which comprises three large andcommodious harbors. Besides its facilities for carrying on ship-building and the timber trade, Ship- pigan harbor offers great advantages for prosecuting the fisheries on the largest scale. The general dryness of the air on this coast, and the absence of fog within the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are peculiarly favorable to the drying and curing of fish, in the best manner, for dis- tant voyages. Owing to the erection of steam saw-mills at Great Shippigan, and the extensive fishery establishments set up there by Jersey merchants, there is considerable foreign trade. The dry fish are chiefly shipped in bulk to Messina and Naples, for which markets they are well suited. Lutile Shippigan harbor lies between the islands of Mescou and Shippigan. It is an exceedingly good harbor, being well sheltered, with safe anchorage in deep water. ‘The main entrance is from the Bay of Chaleur. It is half a mile in width, with eight fathoms at low water, which depth is maintained well into the harbor. ‘This is not a place of any trade, but it is greatly resorted to by American fishing vessels which frequent the Gulf and the Bay of Chaleur, as it affords them perfect shelter in bad weather. There are great conveniences for fishing establishments in this fine harbor; and it would afford great facilities and advantages to our fishermen if they were permitted to land and cure their fish upon its shores. 3 Bathurst harbor is within the Bay of Chaleur, which in itself may be considered one immense haven ninety miles in length, and varying in breadth from fifteen to thirty miles. It is remarkable that within the whole length and breadth of the Bay of Chaleur there is neither rock, reef, nor shoal, and no impediment whatever to navigation. The entrance to Bathurst harbor is narrow; but within, it is a beauti- ful basin, three miles and a half in length and two miles in breadth, well sheltered from every wind. In the principal channel there is about fourteen feet at low water. Vessels drawing more than fourteen feet usually take in part of their cargoes outside the bar, where there is a safe roadstead, with deep water, and good holding-ground. No less than four rivers fall into Bathurst harbor, each of which fur- nishes much good timber. Ship-building is prosecuted in this harbor to some extent; and there is a considerable export of timber and deals to England and Ireland. The entrance to the Restigouche, at the head of the Bay of Chaleur, is three miles in width, with nine fathoms water—a noble entrance to a noble river. The main branch of the Restigouche is over two hundred miles in length. Its Indian name signifies ‘“ the river which divides like the hand,”’ in allusion to its separation above the tide into five principal streams, or branches. These drain at least four thousand square miles of fertile country, abounding im timber and other valuable natural resources, the whole of which must find their way to the sea through the port of Dalhousie, at the entrance to the Restigouche. A crescent-shaped cove in front of the town of Dalhousie is well sheltered, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 449 and has good holding-ground for ships in nine fathoms water. There are capital wharves and excellent and safe timber ponds at Dalhousie, affording every convenience for loading ships of the largest class. From Dalhousie to Campbellton the distance by the river is about eighteen miles. The whole of this distance may be considered one harbor, there being from four to eight fathoms throughout in the main channel, which is of good breadth. At Campbellton the river is about three quarters of a mile in width. Above this place the tide flows six miles, but large vessels do not go farther up than Campbellton. The country watered by the Restigouche and its branches is yet almost wholly in a wilderness state, and nearly destitute of population ; but its abundant and varied resources, and the size and character of this magnificent river, must hereafter render the northeastern portion of New Brunswick of great consequence. TRADE AND COMMERCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. The present value of the trade and commerce of this large and highly favored colony, as yet but very thinly peopled, will be best estimated by the following tables. The value of the imports and exports of the whole province, in 1849 and 1850, is thus stated: 1849. 1850. Countries. Imports. Exports. Imports. Exports. Great Britain...........+-. $1,507,340 $2,319,070 $1,988,195 $2,447,755 British colonies— West Indies...... 5458 5,560 57,360 11,565 90,350 British North America .| - 917,300 270,475 674,685 297,868 Other colonies......... See ae ee: 6,260 25,135 8,105 United States... ......00.008 1,322,81 257,910 1,310,740 387, 000 Foreign States, ...cccseeees 114,825 96,235 67,335 59,020 WM Alo iala nic pins oie ania wiaieie 3,467,835 3,007,310 4,077,655 3,290,090 The following is an account of the vessels, and their tonnage, which entered inward and cleared outward at all the ports of New Bruns- wick, in 1849 and 1850: 1849. 1850. Countries. Inward. Outward. Inward. Outward. No. | Tons. | No. | Tons. | No. Tons. | No. | Tons ee ate bs ritaiiy.-ce-weeeres 325) 140,024) 769) 300,806} 233) 95,393 768 303,617 British Colonies.......... 1,213} 81,050) 1,172} 68,097) 1,281) 81,424) 1,241) 70,155 Diustted: States... lols ¢ swim am mciew sone -COMSemwseg 1,652 2,120 Grindstones....... Sd ee Oot PECL Ocean 65 80 GeO) eles on on vlaieieih eb os oo occacsececce es shhds and.crates. 32 330 RB eet tele pals nich Dp gniele cee cleans §ecc ese esoce packages... 766 16,115 SoD HG SECS oe ajc SHE Aihelejsh ss dda acces ss cesscasten INO .« sxe 4,437 4,440 es oa | Sec vucla dase cues barrels....| © 184 1,345 Alewives and herrings. ........sseeee ccc cceeeceree ee Oreeces 6,892 21,565 Total value..... Bes oh a eck is oa ea ca cad cecen te on wae abe ek ee sem 125,080 The total value of the like description of articles exported from the port of St. John to the United States in 1850, was $157,695 ; showing a decrease of that class of exportations to the extent of $32,615 in the year 1851. 454 ' ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The following is a statement in detail of the various articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, imported into the port of St. John during the year 1850, with the value of each de- scription of articles: Articles. Quantity. Apothecary Ware .cccccccccsccccccrecccsscceg sescccece 1,080 packages a0 DIG OSC oil eee datiovetarevenaieonatere eee vee @eeeevoeceoe te Geevoneg ¢ of 98, 133 pounds..... Ale and porter ..ccccsscccccrccccssccccccscsccesscvece 3,148 gallons .... Bricks? $...... BAA ctecoceccrencccccccssccccorcecsccces| 30,000...6-0- ebecetia Books and stationery...scscesscccccsccccnccsoeceees| 1,761 packages .. Wei talec see e hes are Ge land @hannw Sraileleleeaiatate ore ataistovelanectoteretete 100 DagsS.ccseoe ERO ESTE aka lets Ite he oan w eis eniga ted ee iets eee eieteie we diniele tates se a noe Bread....ccsssccccreccvcssccesscccceccvsseesecsces! 1,953 cwt....000- BITer 21d! CHEESE ob oo :ecios eiareicde Mite tele teller ee cahedenekarsnet oictometons 933: ewte. css we EBS era Ase Ae c eA CH Ow: waite ioe. eosaXeusre RENGT Ab al'ohebeehavasel cis relied csiowalord 66 tons ..ccee Broom brush..cccscccacseccccsccscncsrcsrccesoveest 03,904 pounds..... Bark ..ccccrcccccrccccsseccvecccesesssecscscesseeses| 30,606. .d0...00005 Soap*tand candles. ..c.ssecccscccccccsosscccrcccsvcess| 10,060. .do....0006 Coffee and COCOa. cee crccccesccceccccmccscersseccrees| 150,050. .d0...cece8 Goal... wees oP oie, ure oiaicterss Sleietetorehabers alec Welsvolalecesvcrsiaracie 2,321 tons....s. Pea ncorn st Pa Be bce SN ce een 57,462 bushels.... BAN VASS score ie cutavel a wienic sieceracildtatelcicorc ove ioleckotoreleine svortercres 10,194 yards. .eee. Bese aidiad ee ack Se ek oi I Fis Giicicieiantaye Sener 25. bagsie srr Gattle eee, a oT ere eta Ee Bhs Ba reel ails si Coivatalioteraiowal ons 12 Head. < oe GIG Class sieve RBS lds ES Se AIR Sing) 0) Paka! w aavenadenoncloisnene oes srorm eee Sen Cement. Peek SEHD SS SL OLOHHR OL HHSHFESHeOHOSFSCHC OSL ECE SLO HOS 515 Baeelen eeee Combs. ..eee-seeceree «0 evinieieisig ce ewieeite elect tei 918 Seles « 16 packages .. Copper and yellow metal. ciainjslonints\eleveele eis etecie « © oios/e a sini 261 cwt .,.c00. Cordage. ...csccceccccescces Sievelosisieie\eln ovehoxen <:oxetereiolish Vale 329 packages .. Carriages. ...ccccncsccccccwccsccaseccccccsesvcscces QDs ocwo we dieitels Confectionary. .c.csccccccccncssrecescrccccscccrcecccs 1] cwt .....- Dye wood ..ccccccccsccccsrecccseccccccsccscsercccese| 1,243 Cwt .ccece WartWenware < cisteieyen « cle cine nic eleleriateinie mon aie sicker << wfelem lots 70 packages .. LTE SAIS. GAS Och GO Sb.a6i4 Seen cons oak Mes sss. aola gs 62. 6 ole «ses e.seisle « 159) Cwrtesieeke ens Candles and soap ..6. sc ccceccerevceescsececrscwenesess 158 CWits 56.201 ere COC! 0. oo ola oy soca ln 66 bdwle co we clolelevieistoblolnteteionisteren a wel «LOOT -CWleslamoen Coals... 2.2006 wie as bo 6c ce ooo a2 wisiolatel wio%e%ates/ote coessceos| 1,816 tons..... Cider and vinegar.........0+ we 0 Wee e wisieree’etets no sere eee 123 barrels..... Gordave ©. cis ciicev tw recs se ccesewert wlotetaistetate v vices wie wa 219 packages... Carriages ..... yao etoletete elas) alc @ sul telofel slatovetels Halal se id) dohe tote Q2e6essevicees Bye Wood. 0 6s sterecieiws a view 0 2 2 0 es lote etotere! et ot ete dialee%e'w ober 133 ewt..... Earthen and glassware ....scccecccccecereccervecsrescesleosessesceess oesseee Fruit and vegetables........ © 016 sclatetate skte tote cles & wietetele tote ls seeds © CAvedem as 054 Parramture [45.6.6 o's Ves 2. siecle © cstetstote ve scene ve ielad bo wletelerstoled J dvichdd Stele BOE Bried frit stad dies,» chai’ wletosa s chelefoetet 6 6 6/she 0 pOTD“CWhecta sete. LUI ESE 566 Ceo aosuabse0WbododuDb MOUs Oo- Soacsondee 27° 600 gallons..... Marble and other stone......... sistafateln biel clollefofote bro! a'e fe \e%etela ct ote a Ushclela isda) gialchala Cabinet-wood, veneers, &C....ce ee cveceres eherot. © Siatetelb % thal oletetete arid o) seperate Wavy al Stores. icrei.sicciolec'e 6 Shel ssioiis er ensuielbye Bhae\(s bl slatstele vet cloltelet “we 840 barrels..... GY SUCTS. «. splaveinercwinie o\e 0n/e olais'e o opinlola’ o\blate eabviofeleleb © inlets D184: Riot O71 A NII 06 GaAs tcc SiG Golce So ecleletas 2 ven @ et slo cpa" Btetete 12,832 gallons..... Flaster... .\. << Jak wows alsl bles aol siete stale) eles & \ lel ctatateleye te eye 406 barrels..... Palm oil...... soleto talcletel Nalelera) saiolatate eh ralote ele Viatoteh é bfale 24 ewt eae PRICE os ooo. ol tarstotetete Hato ad selaalis «out t alalaloieie Wistutetal totets%te : 2; DIONGwte sere (Be SSEGUS 2. nels] oko atest atsters Petohevcl oleloiiete. wictoNetolsia bbete e otole ta os 6% a lahe 212 bushels Retmed) sugars ie sent. eeciess se ale falotole total elo fae aretotee ws 1,192 owt: wn or Brown sugar ........ Fo Motel aial'cic« pletuletolatatatallete e Ncidtetetavtetere| © (“2 fON C Whe setele eae PONDIWILS): «\clolels viel dicho tel aie a eieiere S0809 00 felofola foto biatesere et sfoterel a 72,820 gallons TDAWOW oe sold den betes alee dial elatel aise siphale tater beets ck te Whale fatot abet rete 4,182 -ewticencas’ TEA oie 6 ain: ha SOE ais ho wele © iv, 0 6.04.6 blslerete! stoteistaletefetesioterst sie] > (07-200) GHeSien #hGe Ibs. each.. PUNE MPANI Sate orc loer-cies).a o'eslaie, oie eve eataleraie ereriniats aleiabeeleels)nccl/sio ic 2 Dily Mi setevereistcee PGDACCH 66 ofa och 6 Far sh ar ets oi di stetetesa aid wietate leh ote Vetolateretel o's chataitetebe 35 TEU CWEY, oer. AY oc claWEIKSN5GG Bla BABU Dein OSoID Uicuidision US obo NOOManGea bieisceis Volevelaiaiecaiataiet PnomUMyitee.... 22. se 50's ABO GES SBE bas Hoo SBR O Ne Ql COME oie sr cyeee WWI rete lope ciclo «Bele sto a diel’ Shossariol aiplicnetsinialicleiniase Jasoenne «| | 3,159 gallons, cn Coppers vette ss sce eee se. ae eieielerelele (oteens Meinvieteteteres c's sive os 3S Cwiremn sit Hayics . te coc cr cease ener eres en essences seeecccseees nes 34 tons ....- PANU ue iol etieta ele etpale coe Isles ojos! «/t'n) so isiouniaie\slininie’s (ale sie o/s n\nr0,0;6 LS Cwtiseuepie oi Pitch-pine timbercin as 060 cies sees sae siete fetelbieve.s/pis (ss cies stays 4), 220) LOS ken eve = UIE IS LOR IE siesta altic slais'e is ol o/ekw wieislia a\lsieile Ww Mieialinls s\e\'s's «eee 0.056 Lior ieterete bois Machinery...... Tene /A ibis OREO Sine acibs 60 Noma eos Hoole sée'laie isieieteieieiareletnionaliie Printing press .....++.+06 SHS U BOSiN0 do ob oeroinean od 25 © aos aero oa Fire-engines......ccccrcccccvcecvecsccececevcvcsecscses Disks Retatalos ele pie ye Value. $27,025 113,315 2,980 82, 460 13,035 930 2,400 1,295 335 480 20,290 210 1,375 1,125 1,590 CTO Gail ave siete: s'6\ 801 a(0' 3/6 (o'n10'> aln\'s v6 01's e/ oun ig’ o ib) |6/e)wia\e eleya/oiew etetniena see 1, 422,930 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 457. From the two preceding tables it will be seen that the value of im- orts from the United States at the port of St. John in 1850 was 1,120,582; and in 1851 was $1,422,930; showing an increase in the latter year of $302,348. An examination of these tables will also show that the imports of coals and timber at St. John from the United States, both in 1850 and 1851, far exceeded the value of similar articles exported to the United States in those years. The quantity of coals of colonial produce exported to the United States from St. John in 1850 was only 65 tons, while in that year the quantity of coals imported from the United States at the same port was 2,321 tons. The coals exported were of the soft, bituminous descrip- tion, while those imported were anthracite, the use of which im this colony for steamboats and foundries, and also for domestic use, to which they have not yet been applied, would be largely increased if they were imported free of duty. In 1851 the coals exported amounted to 195 tons, and the import from the United States to 1,816 tons. It will also be observed that New Brunswick imports from the United States large quantities of pitch-pine and other timber which are in much request for ship building and other purposes. In 1851 no less than 4,228 tons of pitch-pine timber, valued at $20,290, was imported at St. John from the United States. The demand for pitch-pine, oak, locust, hickory, and black walnut, none of which are found in New Brunswick, would be greatly increased if they were free of duty; and various other descriptions of wood for cabinet work would also be sought after under the like circumstances. The coals and timber of New Brunswick and the United States, differing, as they do, so widely in character and uses, may be fairly exchanged with each other, each having its own peculiar advantages for certain purposes. The number of vessels belonging to the United States which entered at the port of St. John during the year 1851 was 92, of the burden of 37,308 tons. The largest of these vessels took cargoes of timber and deals from St. John direct to ports in the United Kingdom, earning fair freight. The number so employed in 1851 was 41, of the burden of 29,831 tons. The remaining 51 vessels, of the burden of 7,477 tons, were employed in voyages between St. John and the United States. The number and tonnage of new ships built and fitted out at the port of St. John in 1850 and 1851 are as follows: Year. Number. Tons. Mes sIM ete Va\iecallc-ci'sl hatct cur cstalnvevaieedava caermiceieve totes aceis! 6 eras: e'al Seloictereleiotalsnereveraes 58 20,377 SU ea ois es a caver ale hopes apace) Hale erenr tie Siopeavahek eh avretaller'sieia-cah-s iesobe ove srenausiadte o's 74 38, 960 Of the new ships built at St. John in 1851, fourteen, measuring 10,332 tons, were for owners in the United Kingdom, and twenty-one others, of the burden of 11,398 tons, were sold and transferred to other ports during the year. This amounts to 21,730 tons of shipping ex- 458 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ported from St. John during the past year, estimated at $800,000, which does not appear in the export returns. A great improvement in the model and finish of New Brunswick built ships has taken place within a few years, and their value has thereby been greatly augmented in the English market. Larch timber, better known by its local names of hackmatac or tamarack, is now chiefly used in the construction of the New Brunswick ships; and this wood has been so greatly approved, that in 1850 the committee of underwriters at Lloyd’s decided to admit hackmatac vessels to the red star class for six years. This year the same committee has further resolved to admit these vessels to the seven-years class. The resolu- tion runs thus: ‘ Hackmatac, tamarack, juniper, and larch, of good quality, free from sap, and not grain-cut, will be allowed in the construction of ships in the seven-years class, for the following parts: Floors; first, second, and third foot-hooks and top-timbers; stem and stern post; transoms, knight-heads, hawse-timbers, apron, and dead-wood.” The number of vessels belonging to the port of St. John on the 31st day of December, 1850, was 535, of the burden of 99,490 tons. On the 31st day of December, 1851, the number was 518, of the burden of 94,810 tons; the decrease is attributed to a number of old vessels being sold during 1851. The population of St. John being under 30,000 souls, the proportion of tonnage to population is unusually large. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 459 An account of the numbers, tonnage, and men, of vessels that entered inward and cleared outward at the port of St. Andrews and its out-bays in 1850. Place whence entered, or to which cleared. Vessels. Port. Entered inward. Cleared outward. No.| Tons. | Men. | No.| Tons. | Men. % St. Andrews....| 8} 2,374 89} 16} 4,966} 169 : ‘ wi St Stephens....) 1) 327 12} 16) 8,219) 366 United Kingdom.. pee es! Dritishe Campo Bello.«.. 3 vies o7 | 598 20 Magaguadario ..|....|. coesceceees| 16) 7,076) 229 Total ..\<|) 12/'3,437). . 128) . 49/205 859)? 784 St= Anmdrewssearelvawslocew aloo sce» 3} 908 33 United Kingdom....... Foreign 4 | St. Stephens....|....|..« cclelmoieteieielh'y oj ule tae 33 Magaguadario ..|..-.|..-eesleeee ° 2| 1,235 37 INCH RE SOPHO EAR ase. 5c5ac5e0 8} 3,185) 103 St. Andrews....| 1} 414 TOPASyacis<. as v2Gee Pi Woe Ti. | awn. ame | 8 SYS || Campo Bello....) 2] 249) 13) 1| 927] 1 Total.......| 11) 2,429] 1131 93/3,917| 198 British West Indies ....| Foreign. .| St. Stephens... .|....]....0+/scoee- 2} 250 12 Montevideo ........ eet ESEILISH obs ci s9bs SEO PLOTS s a}o.s15/0\c-4) avs, slmtaiels sieyele' 1 mail 337 9 Island St. Martin......| British...| Campo Bello....| 2} 250 Slee ale sacare lest vee St Andean: eo-| 14 572 44) 14). T51 oe ae s ». t. Stephens....) 38) 1,544) 117} 30) 772 ] British N. A. Colonies. .| British. 4 | Magaguadario..| 6 7503, 98| 7| 219| 24 Campo Bello....| 15} 434 53} 23) 644 77 Total.......| 73) 3,053} 249) 74/.2,386) 236 a enereey »+-| 126] 8,775] 448} 28] 1,534 rf ; git t. Stephens....| 23) 8,228) 264 1) 707 United States......+...| British. 4 | Magaguadario ..| 103| 7,664| 401] 108| 2,657| 284 Campo Bello....| 22} 867 72) 23) 1,400 94 Total..ece..| 274/25,534| 1,185] 160) 6,298} 489 . St. Andrews. ...| 339/33,901| 2,026] 332/32,885] 1,986 United States.......0.. Foreign ¢| St. Stephens....) 15) 2,388 So i a ees 29 Magaguadario..| 6) 1,708 55} 5] 567 21 360137, 997| 2,170} 344/34,296| 2,036 ee | | [| eee 732/72, 693] 3,851} 661/71,358) 3,867 © Total.. eeeee Grand total. The total amount of shipping owned at the port of Miramichi on the dist day of December, 1851, was 93 vessels—7,466 tons. During 1851, the number of new vessels built on the gulf coast of New Bruns- wick was twenty-one, measuring 11,879 tons; of these four were over 1,000 tons each, and five were over 700 tons each. 460 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The vessels which entered inward and cleared outward at Miramichi during the years 1850 and 1851 were as follows: 1850. 1851. Countries. Inward. Outward. Inward. Outward. No. | Tons. | No. | Tons. | No. | Tons. | No. | Tons. —— | | | | | Great Britain.....ecccee 42 | 16,438 95 | 34,886 48} 19,017! 104); 39,146 British Colonies .......00. 118 | 10,695 92} 4,888] 124 | 10,305 | 100 5,581 United States.........00. 29 | 7,012 3 102 38 | 9,152 6 307 Foreign States ....s,sc06- 13 | 3,088 6 501 9.}) Loi2 6 220 Motall. ste «\cjencciees 202 | 37,733 | 196 | 40,377 | 219 | 39,986 | 216 | 45,254 The total value of imports and exports at Miramichi in 1851 is thus stated: Imports, $347,990; exports, $411,700. Of the imports at Miramichi in 1851, goods and merchandise from the United States, of similar descriptions to those imported at St. John, were received to the extent of $47,435. The exports to the United States in 1851 were as follows: Articles. Quantity. Value. AleWiVeS.. . 2 aise. ce wweeccieste cn sioeeaece cca seececcens 1,337 barrels...... $4,160 SBELMON Ss ~ « cilare db ok 0 valsietercle ceive ove e véleieleieielieledam bt ASS). >a calpain 9,715 SHA siinsw ove bibs o cciciv cs ac leteline ae dle oo sie vcletaeeimeltsteneits 5 f Dak « sOOwe ajaterare 10 RGSS. «gh is 0 clare «dees 6 albdicis « oiteten dvie « oplelatete CMismACEA 5 E BIg Jes eso oS - 15 |RSS GOCE eo DORR OIC SOOM. cod DOO PAD ICIN0 Od S50 Jc DO ee 0 Olen aieverae 155 PRACKETE Nar. ch .icic- « dieleve. « feststate dak « da oidicetole lon oes cle « Pn EEG Seas = 15 Preserved*saiimnencs(s-sretetsiore-sro"e' sees sh Sabd oOo eHcoDS -».| 73,736 pounds...... 13,050 DHINGICR GG ot ales «Sete 's c'siwsleiseio vie anos ceutelaule beste bb We WOU res iatetetanttetetate 135 Total . .jeieercre steibe ofs solslonsietbictalat Rete eile cree s clek:w otcle ealceryers 23, 255 In the year 1850 five American ships, of the burden of 2,273 tons, took cargoes of timber and deals from Miramichi to London; and in 1851, six American ships, of the burden of 2,954 tons, also took car- goes to the United Kingdom from this port, under the provisions of the British navigation laws. At the port of Dalhousie the value of imports in 1851 was $128,570; of exports, $152,015. There were 28,202 tons of pine timber exported to the United Kingdom in 1851. The shipping returns at this port are as follows: Inward, 108 vessels—21,774 tons; outward, 102 vessels— 23,666 tons. At Bathurst the value of imports in 1851 was $77,850; of exports, $115,090. Shipping, mward, 89 vessels—14,065 tons; outward, 79 vessels—15,991 tons. At Richibucto the value of imports in 1851 was $109,000, and the value of exports, $133,155. Shipping, inward, 106 vessels—16,786 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 461 tons; outward, 105 vessels—18,305 tons. Among the vessels at Richibucto in 1851 were the following vessels not British: Name of vessel. Nation. Whence. Tons.| Cargo inward. | Whither bound. Cargo. Lice as ae Norwegian ..| Calais, France..| 244 | Ballast......... London,....... Deals. CORB sini ves Prussian... |aNew, York...20 021 200 jh. 5 0, oe os oleae 17 i eee mans .. do. Lollando....... INGE WER TATIY celle o'oous ostaisicie.e @\-i012 861 Ol hevsielac reich Gloucester.....].. do rouse’: . Sacee% RENE lee scales eieleeielare's «arate 183 dower uh. Gis cece salite 0 Forma, ...:.. .-... Norw ceian 3c EOD Se Oee Gane 345 CO's ir Eov'gist : ‘ OO PE eae ES Ee Ee es ei 1 ali ee ta \ é f on af 4 re yA D ey 3 * H , 2 eae j ee he : o a it) eh e? t , ) - se p ry . Pet 57 ov? iv é Pes Aaa 8 ot hes ne rh W yf Mi ; as bartan 7 oe, ree Lei. $ : Stat AD CLs e sy i aR wh ; =f Laer met ht SS pha Brn e. . t pic wae ‘ hb sy le Seah ee Pee Ne ‘ ATE Ty ess pliarge ay : : ry Aa ie : ra be A) } ies t aise rea apt he ‘ a Fh yin t Wal Tore Sad TEN hak Gal eae Sle Ee fr le Ah S| il x ey Re adit ‘ cried 4 es 154 i a TER Wi * a * - ‘ght ; & i ; , / COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 15 | B ibe OB pakedig TRADE OF THE PRINCIPAL ATLANTIC PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE BRITISH NORTH AMERI- CAN COLONIES BY SEA. The direct trade by sea between the principal Atlantic seaports of the Union and the British North American colonies has, within a few years, become of such extent, value, and importance, as to demand more than ordinary attention. Probably the most remarkable and intergsting feature of the age, is the rapid increase and constant activity of the world’s commerce. Its great agent and promoter, navigation, to which such enormous annual contributions have latterly been made by England and the United States, is more firmly establishing it on a more extended basis, for still greater and more universal achievements. The great addition to the navigation interest of the world furnished by the British colonies is not generally considered; nor is its import- ant and influential character fully understood, save by a small por- tion of the leading statesmen of Europe and America. The great maritime resources of the North American colonies, and the advantages of their geographical position for an extended com- merce with all mankind, will contribute more effectually to accelerate their onward progress to wealth and power, and unquestionably give them a commanding position in all future commercial developments. The extent of seacoast and abundance of excellent harbors in these colonies, is most remarkable. Commencing at the river St. Croix, the boundary of the United States, there is much coast, and many fine ship harbors, within the Bay of Fundy and the islands it encloses. Next comes the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, with its numerous indentations; then the sea-shores of Cape Breton, and its beautiful and extensive interior coast surround- ing that large arm of the sea known as the Bras D’Or, or “ Arm of Gold;’’ next, the eastern or Gulf coast of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- wick, the Bay of Chaleur, the shores of the whole colony of Prince Edward Island—of the Magdalen islands and Anticosti, and all the Labrador coast from Mt. Joly to Davis’s straits; in the aggregate, about 3,500 miles of coast-line, everywhere teeming with fish, in greater abundance and excellence than in any other part of the world. To this great extent of seacoast, admirably provided with large and excellent harbors, must be added the coast of Newfoundland, more than 1,000 miles in extent, whose harbors ‘and fisheries have been known and constantly frequented for more than three centuries. The handsome and elaborate map of the Lower Colonies, hereunto appended, was prepared expressly for this report by Mr. Henry F. Fo ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Perley, of St. John, New Brunswick, a young engineer of much promise. The original surveys, maps, and charts, from which it was prepared are of the most recent date, and of the highest authority; they were obtained with some trouble and at much expense, from England and from the provinces. 'These have been carefully collated and compiled, and the result is the present map, which is recommended as one of the best yet presented. It exhibits the peculiar configuration of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and of the colonies which are washed by its waters, with their infinity of rivers and harbors, and endless variety of creeks, | coves, inlets, estuaries, straits, bays, and arms of the sea. There cannot, perhaps, be found elsewhere the same extent of coun- try possessing in a greater, or even an equal degree, all the requisites for constructing a mercantile marine, nor the like extent of seacoast so profusely furnished with the finest and most capacious harbors, as the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. A glance at the map at once shows that those colonies are but a mere extension of New England? and that an interchange of their respective products must not only exist, but will of necessity be mutually bene- ficial, if not absolutely essential to the prosperity of either country. The wise and truthful spirit of commerce will be opposed to any policy, whether British, American, or colonial, that restricts in the slightest degree the entire freedom of commercial intercourse between countries in such immediate proximity, and whose best interests are so closely interwoven. The island colonies of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, ly- ing contiguous to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with similar char- acteristics in almost every particular, are rapidly becoming convinced of the value of their material interests in connexion with the necessity for a more liberal commercial intercourse with the United States. Although the tables which follow show that the trade of the four lower colonies is chiefly confined to Boston and New York, yet they also prove that commercial intercourse with them is becoming more general with all the towns and seaports of the Atlantic States, and that Baltimore and Philadelphia also participate in its benefits. To encourage the intercourse thus springing into existence and at- taining great value from the natural course of trade, and the relative position of the parties with reference to certain natural products of each, would seem to be the bounden duty of the governments of these re- spective countries. | The first object of every commercial system should be to create and uphold a great commercial marine. Mr. Huskisson laid it down as a principle, that ‘the only true and durable foundation of a large com- mercial marine is to be laid in the means of affording it beneficial em- ployment. Without such employment—without, in short, extensive commerce, and great capital to sustain and invigorate that commerce, no laws merely protective will avail. Strict navigation laws have not always created a marine. Does not naval and commercial superiority depend on the habits, pursuits, inclinations, associations, and force of character, rather than on any code of laws whatever?” In spite of the prohibitions and restrictions which yet exist, and serve to prevent the rapid increase of commercial intercourse between the COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 553 United States and the lower colonies, yet that intercourse has already attained great value and importance from a very small beginning. The tonnage inward from the United States, in all the British North American colonies, during the years 1787, 1788, and 1789, amounted on the average of those years to 15,524 tons annually. These were all British vessels. In 1816, the tonnage inward from the United States was as follows: British 18,378 tons; American, 75,807 tons: total, 94,185 tons. The average of the years 1820, 1821, and 1822, was: British, 10,464 tons ; American, 66,029 tons: total, 76,593 tons. In the year 1830, the tonnage inward from the United States was: British, 20,755 tons ; American, 54,633 tons: total, '75,388 tons. The tonnage inward from the United States in 1831 was: British, 41,367 tons ; American, 16,567 tons: total, 57,934 tons. The decrease of tonnage in this year was owing entirely to commer- cial restrictions, embarrassing to trade and injurious to both parties. The falling off in tonnage between 1816 and 1831 was no less than 36,251 tons, or more than one-third of the whole inward tonnage. The absurd and injurious restrictions having been removed, trade and navigation between the colonies and the United States at once revived; and in 1840 the inward tonnage from the United States was as follows: British, 401,676 tons; American, 357,073 tons: total, 758,749 tons. In the short period of nine years, owing to enlarged freedom of trade, the tonnage between the United States and the colonies increased more than thirteen-fold! Following up this inctease, the tonnage inward from the United States in 1850 was: British, 972,327 tons; American, 994,808 tons : total, 1,967,066 tons. The astonishing increase m the nine years which preceded 1840, was followed in the ten years which succeeded that period by another surprising increase, amounting to more than 250 per cent.! And now commences the year 1851. The first table hereafter presented exhibits the description, quantity, and value of the various articles of domestic production exported from twenty-three Atlantic ports of the United States to the colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island, during the year 1851. “TEST Ul SOIMOT[OD TOMO] ANOJ 9} 07 84.101 99.14}-APUOMY STUBS OY} IOI pdj10dxo uoTONpoAd us1aA0j Jo S9POYAV SHOLIVA Oj JO OnywVA pure ‘seryTZUBNh ‘uoydriosop oy} SuNyTAITXd ‘SMOT[OJ YOIY 91qQ'e} 94 Aq UodS oq [TTA SB ‘SQTUOTOD Oso} 07 pozeoIpUT s}.L0d oY} MOI, S}.10dx9 94} JO 9[OYM OLY YOU SI SIq} 49K “SIV][OP JO SUOT]IT J[BY V pUL OA} ULY} 9.10UT 07 SuNUNOWe ‘IeOk Sed oY} SULIMpP SOTUO[OD AOMOT OY} 07 S}Aodvas ONULIVY Ino Jo A[UO oUIOS MHOIJ SyonpoAd oSeWOp JO Ope} 4yacdxo UB SI a10FT 90¢ ‘FE9 ‘Z Te ZE ee OOT ‘ST SIL T 089 (SLT 096 (S61 180 'F96 Ee ae Ss ae. FES eececeeceseeese S6F $16 8S 699 ‘63P$ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ‘TR}OL 554 TL ‘SL Bee eer eee elewe ree eose looses saves 968 ‘882 | 0S0'FT | SIS‘9T | 283'6 | ese‘ett | os‘te 198 ‘OTS | 698% | 008 | 61 ‘98ST | 6FO‘6S | O9P'LF | ZOB‘GGS | 1cB‘asy Jro**** °°" ONTeA TRIO, eee eee soe sleet eee eee ele eseeseeesel(seee ees esesioaesseeosieseen ss oees|eessvrseees|seeeeeeeees|seseeeseessl|esesen tee ele gp Pee eeeseeeursese * yeuurarg Cs Ok es es ee? eoereeerl owes eee eee eee eee eee eine HHH HHT HEHEHE “** ToJUNpy eee tere eerie eee eee eee l(eee eee eeeeisees oe eee r!seenee seus |S eee ee eeseolceee ese seees |S eee eseeeoeslesseeel(t ester eews (se eeecerseeesievres se veer seeeereessloeseseeees mishelsscre © orks SeieyaPie RAT ODUTE A) 00T ‘SL Ce i eC Ce eC CC CC CC i i es Ce ee ee ee ed ee ee a ee ary weprinie cieieicisie®« Karr) TOO e ZIT SEL IT Ce CCC et ee OCC rt eg oe oe oe ee eee ee ee seer ee pare | Se pe ey |e ne eee eee © 8 ee a aT 199 °2T sere eee eee 06 eeee re eene 6) eee eee eens G0 ‘PF 902 errors TGP 6 816 PF 189 ‘T T18 61 CPG ‘CTT TIS(S PRU ecleAeieHeins © OT OMIGTET 916 0F eee eee ewes Fi ame 09 ie ee LP vA) ; T89 6F9 608 SP Paes oe ae ZO 669, 669 && peti Se > ses VIP eld BIG GTE y°" "8" """) £88 6 {86 | 820 1 618 690 99F | 8s oF |" °* "| 9T0 62 TL? 8 COP ‘GS 690 SOE | 988 068 |." ooo" BOX MONT G89 166 | I88 2 eS ee CH eG, T9¢ GP 968 6 198 18 F66 OL =|" *| 188 Tes WP 9TL ‘61 GLL G9 160 016 |° °° UMOWSTIeTY pus Uoysog rteeterslereteccees[etenaerecslererrersselestresteselseteereere resents TaASQOnOTG B68 'T ewer ee eee rlere eee ceseleeesosaeee 61 69 1) e eeeees 989 ‘T Ce ee rd IL CTs ‘OL seeecsees ATIQAVG pus weed sr evereeealecrcecsacs|eccecsaccelecsceerecs| seeseeceslecrcessecslenteesecclesssuccecelersece[srensstecslecrseatecelesceeeercelerereesceslerscesseseleneeererseres eenponarqIByy seteteceseleseccessas|eteresentslecsesececslacesevecseleceuceceuelecssarcesslere seeeeeleetesalecesseaeselsceecececelecesseteng[tcereeercleceeaeseecleesseseeereeese TODTOMT MON were see ees leer esa eee rie eee eeeoesieerarse es eeel/sessesrcees|eeoet senses el|seoseseveee|# es se eere{seeeesieoer esses ei/eeeoeeeeseeiseseeseees|s eee se teosieeesestaeelee***F OFFS EO eae UM0790]PPITAL Poem eee eee le mss esr ees|eoes senses lerec es esesl(sresessoss|sesssseavsl(cesesssese(eessesoses (se sesel (erases esae (sees sesseel(eceneereralseeseseesriessessvens “Bee terS Reset 2ee += nara eee ee eee else e eee et eee eee eeeeeeriseeeese sessile reeer ese e|S ees oe eesrel|eeesesveees |e ees een eeesi|hesevnsiee aiciesms #15 = Wille ae da oes « Su els Wi olen Pie eis oles cv winnie | Wrae sates als ak vine o dle|s den ee alee] ore nines lea Chee seisle oes eeweeelericiambagna less easeuselecacanscsslaceeseererenes es eeIQarar Te 0g rereeseees lessee enesleserecceeelecervccecsless ceeeselecescccncelesessceecatectteslecseereecaltteseeeereleseecsecealessseeeeee| ENG eine se 285 2° = 99T Op TAOna Be antares iia |e cp eras faye ese an + Nn nin NSO Solas | wicle «Meelis wale Ris us ow EN | + Ss no wry aul ¢ eteleS [or M eae v ale og a ealee oll Pajciein Spinel are senearisavesegcen|sprecveresees sosenagd unr £03 ee Ce Ce a a ed 98 Cee eee eee slr errs e owe s|soeeveecees eT ¥6 Sree er eserlere ere sees MEL 1¢8‘T Beye SPeensms.*.° <2" = TANONISI IOs wwcevereasciseransreaeiseseseocves see esseeselesinespeeeeeieeeeseceseleersenesneeselteteseosees|Foseealoerenasene{ebeeeosesvel/sesvneseoves|(erseeGovesiessseeeers ee soak Se ee ogee A RUG TELAT 0Z , Pere ee reesl(erseevr cece leoesesseesslocessevevslessstsoves GP eee wero weal eeesee OBE, i ice i ae ere ey gy G26 | piecing feel OEE. | 460 '8 wae og PLe Eon ee 868 | 88a‘) ORF $B BP 879 'T Fee ange eee e eee eee SLP 916 ‘PL *"** ynomyeg pure pueyi0g IGE L268 | G9T OF GOL 9$ 091 T$ LEP‘ LF$ | TOP'C6S | Sha‘ss oses 96$ | G3L'F$ ¥79 6$ 9Fa$ 866 1$ 08% 61$ “+++: Apponbemvsseg “Oo0BqOy, 9 « *peoig *SPOLUSTG *ssR[s jo Sampoujnuryy *poyelemmmnueug ‘sdvm pur syoog *sooys % Sj00q ‘i9y}eVorTE ‘jeour oA pue [vou u109 *MOTIR} pue ‘sopiq ‘joog ‘gsaoYo P 1o}Ng “PART pue ‘suey ‘y10g *pOoomM jo Sompovsmnueyy *so.1ny -OBJNUBUL 107109 ‘TGQT tnah ay? ourinp ‘DUDIST PLONPT IULT pun ‘punjpunofmary ‘oy09y DaonT ‘younsunsg Mary fo sarU0709 ay) 0} sarDIgY panuy ay? fo szLod 92) | -unyp aasyj-hywamg wosf pasodxa uoyanpod ausowop fo sajauy.cv snorsma ay) fo angoa pun ‘hjywonh ‘uouydrsasap ay) Sunqryxa ajqv J, 508 TRADE. COLONIAL AND LAKE See ES NaS TO RIS Te er ST nn a a ae aT 765°S90‘T | ISS‘TIT | TeL‘Te | Le0‘rs | PEE‘HE | G00‘0S | PLG‘Sh | FE9‘OE | CTS’ EF GIG Wo" | TIE. Sue | GOS Sy fo tee SMa» misaiwls M9 tote “eT OTT, a | | | ecerseenenesit eves ceaeesi® eeoneeeesieeae ee ee]e# ee eeeeevie eevee ee @eecaeer|se eee ee e}2 © 8 & & oF & OSGeo eetee face: geese eal camer cee via ak ee ree ace pet te Chaaeng” Sucpee “RiReD URE Ayes ececrevnvneesisreveeeaeeve|*taaveetie eee eee rie eeeee eerie ee eee ee eereceeetieoeeee ee ei/seeeeeee|e# ee ee 6 6 & SUB URRES? (delta PEC SES SON a eR al ad aca ie Maha emia! OMT C2) OL | eocecreeeeossicvoeeseeoveeneeoevsreiseaveeeseioe Se eeeeris se eevee ee Pap SNES ohare | Sree cees Te Coa eae ode Ging ee (bom game s(t eek ee ee ete so ges Se ee See DUD eooVeseeecesisec eo seeceeeeie es eooveriaeoeeoeseerie ee eoevesie ee soe ee AERIS OGRE F/¢.0 ARIEL eee 86 00 @ Base sichiodises eds Banus eg |S =) 's Soeteshs se see aMs as «eho «Sere» vie. « rE aY qoqezity @aeeceneebesinaovesessenoiteaneevosicoznnseeceneipeeeveev eels eeseen ee Serene gecae se Sibée ree wie e Woo vwassoc] Snel © Ae kapiecauy #8 'R,Soa °F Se ieEs mAs, S/O he S| eles isye.6'8- 6 "ebere eh.sih ea 808.8 TOT GUTUNT LAN Ceoeeeececeescieeceeroovoesnes!® ee eeeeriseeeeveeeie ee eeee sie eeeeees oBexeinae eons (sue, Se ence ici (Se veue ae Soe eet mee kee eeedomes os Sarge ' Sooke eee ee gree see *. SS ese OROUD TOC: SIl‘é PEE 7 1 Do) a | seeeeeeel prety 666, PS. Coe eee ee ns ea ropee sd COG‘ (C&L £96‘ 6T 81'S cns'e T1z‘9 | 199°S | LTE° (88 066‘T ary IG 809 O01 10 6ST 897 9h TSE ee i ine ae nes oss PoUCR oar soo‘L6e, | o16't2, | Fes‘ ét¥og | gc9‘ze8| 9us‘9r | g96‘%. | 80's | éo8 oa | Tae‘TT | ogu‘e9 | Lov‘ar# fsrs7c ttre rTeMowerseyp puE uossog 6hS Basle s)s\eiaiwis «| ojsiae aces Wie ais! sir atee areas! 6 «m8 eececvccoce OE 6S Cc OSI ce ccecevcsisocedsececesscsssKTI9A0 DUB Wale wi MPM WIE a 9) e[sialatpiaia 0 6a 06 00.0's es ale. 6 O10 660 0 |e eee 8 o:sinl9 sis.0 6 S860 0 Ue oes 1s misinre Cale |e © swiel quel ee OBS aie & Orns Ee Nie eleuee area e #/8 sate ee Re were ese +o New 8 8D VOLAICLUIAN SRE N Gas vileiss au eres c|tewis vow cle wee Cee 4|t Une se v\)6 aivoai a oF6 [vse eis alesis e:m Sieers||e © Sxtreysie c/s e869, ¢ 0.5/5 a8 Sivie Bie vis|¢ 010 see oS olde cam cha neers oss 880.88 ** TODUOT. Mohn SaRRSPaTandh a) Sako] eksle’(e.0 10; 0i0 0 6|\¢:s\a:e (0.6, oe a 10) 0\'a/.0/0. 0)|8).01e6, fe) eive)[ei 828 ¥eisy'6. @)'0)|\0).0102,0\0 6 'WHe)| S18 5erS ISB \eL©)| 8 0 Siete eis ete eee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee ee ee ee ee. a UMNO OTRO IIA coerce eere(seecesuoessieeeeceese/sseesessisreaseossireveseor eoereceerieeeeeceesl|eceoeavees|sooeeee ris eoveeeeeesiseeeveeeeve/ee cree eee 2ee e222 ee eases eee Ployare BOWS s\n fae! sve) e|ofe e-ei6 ai ele nce /alare 616 e\6 ©}/n ee) e)unsisiie;|eieleneiens ©: c|'8i,0) 4\¢0, 61070 16 €:6016 o58:8)| see 7e 0,81) 9))0) BB ee 8: ¥\e 10) Sie aievexe (eile ere o\wsmaP lage 5) 9 6 (ehe.e Ore 0.0 2/6: ec Spaye eaene ele ee ee eee ee LOAN tie al OO 0 COLCHOICHO CHO CRCROCEOSCRONOIO) ORO CEOROUPGHO.Or bros 37 CICSOG COs C8 FEC ECs IO SOO (ON Og CSC) OSS Ga it ECO EO) IOs COCR SCR CH CA ECR CS EL Ta 1a SCI et aS lee aa heats Seana rae eden ateimntmdinemnnea= (I NUKE ONL ON | Ohta Bic weal occscvavclsevnracelescenessltrnsisiocsisccctseslsnsssecelsceeesrsls ss ceinuaieadesesalssSatseresiacavcresicsicescessees vuesasssesscsves = c2 100 MON 068 ‘T eoerseeeeaeivaseeveee|s ts eeoeerlex ee oe sees eo oreo eo 689‘14 OGT IL CSS CTC HBOA IO KS BENCH ORCI AO EC LAIR RCTS CES RS a ti LCM ECCS CEO CULEC GTI AMONLD HL OY TT eveveeeeosccsioceeeceeseeveisceeeereriseeoeeeeevieeeseeeris eo veeveeerieseeseoee|e ee eeeesieeeseseeriseeeeoee Seige eeereenesieeees eee e De? coi teats ec eae ne ORS ASEM EOE PY) visiMiale @ Gis 8)e|eleiehejere see »|eie es © 00s |0/sieie s\e 6 |6i8) 60! a) bigues|& ie 8/0) 5. eke |= 6) sre 0 ¢ 0/6 'sy=\le:8) «)\w) )//s\ v6 elei{v iy) © |.6i() ¥) 100/16) 9)/\0.'8)/S\e/) e616) 0:8) 6 Oe ee ade eee eee eee eee ee OURO, LI9‘T eoeeeeeoerieoecee ees tise eer ese|seoasn ese 0g eeeeeeee Lpe‘t pos 0C SET sec c cere eeleeeseeeeeeess UNOUeY PUL PULTIOg €68 ‘oad POL‘ 619 eexacoee 19% peeeesece 68r% eoeeeoes g7s$ eovcevee Q fo} co ct ° aS: = a5 =| = a ? e wo lop) na = SF 901 ‘9% seccccreveleoceserenssreseecs ANHONHVUIUILSSeT PL “syiidg "SOSSSETOPAT ‘IvsNng ‘29TJ09 ‘RoI, “SPOLIYSIC] ‘poyeiommnueuy *duroy 23 esepi0g ‘yea pur INO] T pelip pur sulsiey "TGQT wu saiuojoo samo) snof ay) 0} . prucejuau sivod ayn moss pajsodxa uorjonposd usrasof fo sajorzan snorsva oy! fo anjoa pun ‘soanjunnb ‘uoydrsasap ayn Suajrqryxa 79D], ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 556 066‘96S‘T | G66‘sr | ee@eneevvee0¢ O19 | 650 G e@eeoeoeeanpesve 696 °SG €80‘0S 189 ‘TLS 176‘ 676 6S0‘II EOL'GE PLL'9 GELS @oeoeeveene e080 899 6 GOV‘ LOTE "T2401, 969 ‘EI eee ‘TL 199‘09 OLL‘&9 CoG ‘Ph T86‘TE | OLG‘ST | OLT‘TL | 807‘ TST e@o4aveeaeoeevoeetieeeeeoeeeeeieo sc Ge eveeveevi/seesveeeeetin we Geese ees[ooeeneevaee ole eepaeeovos/® ena vees 019, €50°S eeeoeoveseee e@eeeeeevee G6L'T ore TT 916° O1€ 696% 766 IT 80E 8I e@oeeeeeeee LE8 rE €9TL s6c ‘eg "payer -swinueu/} 2e©e eee 80 @ Clee eeeeeeonece eee eceveeee e@oeeenwenvee eseeeeese 0086 e@eeesvpeeeoe 668" TT L18‘T$ eeeee8 e000 0 eoeeevenveaeeve e@eeeenedse e@oeeeeeeee ¢e@eee0ee880 8 eeoeoenvneeeee e©@eee ee eee eoeeeeeeoees e@e@ereeeeeae eeeoeeoee00e8¢6 eeeeoeee > “Teng ° eeaeeeee @eeeovee TeET v 9€ @eesoeoesd eoaeveeae e@otwe oon @Ceeoeowvotivneoeeev ee eee eoonoees cos “SUTYS PUR seprrt @e200 © 0 &@ @ ele eoe@e@4860@8 8 @/e @seeeoeeee 0% fe e©ee 00 @ @ 6 @ ase e©eeeeee 0 © e}e ee e@oeaeeseeeeee GLE ‘GP £00‘S GLE 'Y 610°9 : “68 ‘T : @e#@@eo 8008 eje L80‘T core eeeenveaece e@eeeese0ee8 @ eeeneeeoe @eooeeeene © @eoe0eeee0e eeoeeaaernere 689 ‘8 S6L ‘LP OIL ‘T PSP € @eeeeoeaoee 06 ch * Lop req *pooMolly | pue syeo eoevereeene oe ) @aeeeooeeeea0 @ e@ee2eo8 080800 ee@eeeee0e8 0 e@eere ee 008 eoee@eeeeeeoe C68 ‘T 661 ‘S emgeoeoeeoseee | | J | — | *$90}8}0g 66101 GLE 059% 6ST | 690‘ eoeoeeveaee eee eee ee e©oeeeeo@@ 9FP'9 Ger 186°E a eoveeoeoee 060% eoe¢eeooave ° e 9196 eo SLE ‘T GLO‘T "BTL ‘18 | 901 ‘Toquin’y *sau0js “pun LIO‘T L96 ‘TS CI6‘ST POLS €¢ Lie LOLS. coo eoneee 9cL‘y ————_ eeoeevvseeeoe e@eeeec epee eoeveeaenvnees eeoeewooeaeoene 6LT G66°6 16g LI PEI ‘96 SESL €9 6S | 606 OL 897 9 @eeeseoeoe eee gPs‘¢ @eere 8 eee Ba aa a NL a a a 968 ‘FI9 a aa eae ON eeoeoeeee ee Sia eeeaeseeee eeesneeeee ceeeeeoene ¢ G6P @eeeereeeed GL 008 ioerd ose ‘Eo$| S76 ‘ed *194Se] J “Te0D 698‘s ELS ‘PF pee eee UEP AD teeeeeeeseees YOQUOpT ro teeeeeeeeees ugpUED teeeeeeee Kg yyoqezipy oe ee ee eee + «OT SUIUITLAA Pees ene he SO TOLL EG: seseeeeees pindapeliyg agi ee CES AS ae MOT ‘*UMOISALIeYD pur uoysog e@oeoeveeeeoeeeneee 19}So90Tloy +) sees ATIVAN pur ULI[eG eooeveeaeoeveece Peolsl[qreyAy @eeseeeowoeoasee uopuo'y M9 AT eecoeoseeveoeee UMO}J9PPIPAT Seas se ewe ew me Re ee SEAS COT Te eececereeeee eae souspIAoL since Sim 88.0» 91918 2 OCIMAGNT eooe sneee* TANOUIS}IOT coo a Se éleee s <= SRR OMT one 586 pss SS Se onUGnary ***UynNowl[ey pur purlyiog soeeceses Anponbeumesseg “SJOLIYSTIC, > [GQT JeoX oy} Sulinp poureu Apvaiye uolug oy} jo sjiod onuepY ey} 01UT SoTUOTOO JOMOT OT} Wolj poysoduit soporse snoweA oy} Jo onyTeA PUB sINTJeU OT} ‘SMOTTOF TOTYA JUSUIE}JeIS OY Aq UVES 9q [[LA\.oJ04} pue $sotuCToS TOMO] OY} YM surjstxe Apeolye ‘OOTOOL'e¢ 01 SuNUNOUIe opely yzodx9 ue o[qGe1 Sutpoooid oy} ut poyqiyxe st oLoyT, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 557 To exhibit in a more condensed form, and place the value of this colonial trade in a position to be better understood and appreciated, the following statement is submitted, showing the total value of domestic and foreign exports, and the value of colonial imports, in 1851, deduced from the preceeding statements. Exports. Districts. epee re lens sere otal ex Imports. |Total exports ¥ ports. and imports. Domestic. Foreign. Passamaquoddy ...... -| $429,669 $28, 893 $458, 562 $107, 402 $965,964 Portland and Falmouth. 32,973 1,617 34,590 22,668 97,258 PEMGDSCOt.. os'e scce care Ye eee airs (1 Rial ST SS a 492 oo Lenich Se ed Sa lete Siw apalersthene eras ale ela eieien se ateie te 494 494 PGPURTAD ULI ..< «0.000500 0 2,331 1,820 4,151 12,251 16,402 Newport .....seccseee bia's) ale Geiee elehaltme e's acca a's a[aSie *ulen ous b 0% 1,432 1,432 Provides. csc ceeeces BOD le eale-ae wern'e'e 334 15,886 16,220 Fall River. ...cscccceslocccccrccccdeccesccncnasisscecessenes 10,221 10,221 RIES hata info wos ars ois, 2 wav, oa ca die ee viocleisieewite Se dinsle sees en eiekee 4,020 4,020 BURUIELONMIE . cc pc 6 60m s\c oc ow seo ee chotsticub tsitarsoas dione lotta wala w trae wie 128 128 New London........ mola eh aap dhe foi while] chu Nain a¥eidh wiel # eislere ve: sigigie:e 2,122 2,122 Wisirblehead <<. occ. 0000 cle Acne code chalet ay aiaaaaavayaial ate ale wim miieceyele 6,774 6,774 Salem and Beverly.... 14,068 549 14,617 32,703 47,320 GIgucester ys. se. .ss Obici wan! es oitate sels) nie! relate wt tera Gia taussiche asta 11,259 11,259 Boston and Charlestown 876,183 297,395 | 1,173,578 949,241 2,122,819 EOC ee 954,087 732,202 | 1,686,289 271,681 1,957,970 Philadelphia.......... 125,350 3,118 128, 468 50,083 178,551 ir eee iW Ra Ue Mr cee 172,530 25,962 198, 492 Wiluungton ....5...4. 1 go ee ar J, 118 jp cvcccccsecs 1,118 Elizabeth City......... AS POO! lec niee decison Pe TOU) [eictetareinreie = 13,100 MOAIROCTE cine souls ooo sc luce se cic es cwcle ce ge usee awe nce senceves 2,053 2,053 PEEIIEIE Pcie’ sfeisls Sia ds.s ov Groene bive ele et aleitaiecn me we aw W's axe & > 610 610 Shs Ut) as 12,271 |vewe nse cinwes Tie sear Cee ee Seperate 12,271 Total.....e.++e2+| 2,634,506 | 1,065,594} 3,700,100 | 1,526,990] 5,227,090 The preceding table shows a trade which has, almost without attract- ing any portion of public attention, already sprung up, and been ex- tended to the amount of nearly five millions and a quarter of dollars during the past year. To show further the-importance of this same colonial trade in en- couraging our mercantile marine, the following table of shipping, in- ward and outward, during 1851, to and from nine ports of the United States only, and the colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, New- foundland, and Prince Edward Island, distinguishing American from British shipping, is also submitted : ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 5908 cer‘sor | 699‘e | pI9‘h | 6%] 0ge‘Ig | ss | GLS‘sE | 8 | Ges‘rss | IZT‘S | FI8‘h | 6G | APE‘ST | SET | ST9‘EE | €8 G86 'F . 9% eeceerevl(oans eres IL eecceecvecvlove gsi 1 rane eeeeeroce|(seoes O6I re eee esocoelsove P6E ST 99 eeoeeovesieees gt9'€ 8 eceseeoeetiene Lv0 ‘lite eoereee clesee POST ip eoeoeeoeleve OTP 8s T19 eeeovsee|soes 606 ‘SF 68 oecageee cle ve 689 PE 6hS oweseovelseve roe € alateveth é avallle. ee 060 € oF ; Oe Oe ee 0co‘T 9 ersecvceiece L60°6 ee seveeccclecos 969 ‘T OL eovacevelene G9 906 €£08‘T eevee eerls eos 086‘ &¢ 6L eecvoeeveevieve POP 891 899 I eecececceecleees 7S¢‘R LS eee eeeeveison LG LG 068 peeeecsertleons COE e eeeceeeesinee LE6 9G 66E eoceowovevleeve 608 v eoeerertelene S89 ¥ R89 a ge eeee ILY V CRO Ta) Fai eee 99L V OL <4 eae 098 € ee ee ee ee ee 6&6 PI fel | =ePLe-7 66 LIL L sa eae aordins | male 068 TT CLI VI8 7 66 Ov. v is er oe ied LGB €& 0S ee eee Se LOE eg GY 6LG ‘EE! $8 | OSF*TE 00S em Pes” Ut BGo.G CY 819 €& | &8 "SUG J, ‘ON "suoy, |"ON| “SUOT, | “ON | ‘SuOT, |'ON *“suO], ‘ON ‘SuOT, |"ON ‘SUOJ, “ON | ‘SUOT, | "ON ‘SulpLeg "URI1G “DUTTIeS *UIV93}9 *SUTTIRG "WuItd}9 “SUTTIeG uItay}¢ “Ystpag "UROTIOWLY “YSTHI UBOIIOULY *duyMLNO : ‘GUY MNI ‘TGQT Suunp pannino pun psnnm suddarys fo Qn], * Cae S Leon: se eeeeee ee orOUNEg sre eees prudraperiyg e@eoeoe eo 8 ee *¥IOX MO\T eersece 4 | ob | ‘g0uaplAolg **UMOJSo[IVYO pur uojsog seers ATIQAVG Pure Wa[VG tees eeee ones eu nous TOT **YjNoWyey pure purpyiog seeeees Apponbeuumesseg *SPOLIISIG, ‘COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 559 This table shows that, during the year 1851, 341,372 tons of ship- ping entered inward from the lower colonies in nine Atlantic ports only, and that 588,658 tons of shipping cleared outward from those ports for the same colonies ; making, in the whole, an aggregate of 930,030 tons of shipping engaged in the colonial trade with nine ports of the Union alone in that year. In order to show the relative total amount of tonnage inward and outward to and from the principal seaports of the United States and the North American colonies, the following comparative statement has been compiled, showing the whole tonnage inward and outward at the ports named, in 1851: Ports Inward. - Outward. MEM lel al siain’e\oe e's)cle veces oldelae ae on einia A'sainle's @ sew e'sw ae © 1,448,768 1,230,082 UEC Ie iealclavein w o\niaie,teisiele w dais.aine ois 4ulsa-nsid oie mainie.e on ewiae venes 033,821 5386, 093 LOS 0 ae SAAR oe aes SS Ree, Oe. ie easieteye 504,501 503,101. NO PS ea elias ps a we adil) =!) 90) mlm slasis e's iae\o.0lm\alern)s es 22,40 = 328 , 932 421,566 rem E Seo hands cles) ect a' nie whet ata latpsialeislelo afoutosele isis osiv.a ave « 282,450 324,821 Pe aR Paros foho do ojo, ony shan io sinsn. oa nite nko aynicerm naj nkoi~ lean a aba bi 176, 802 » 178,079 eR MI ooo te aiar > nine bu thalle ot aiare: Scola /o «Sissel apaci xi ejaie ac, 6 abate 159, 636 140,174 Fae MMPM MEE Ta eteiay sVela2 «sis s!ss.c:'a\s ala ass wie cite cre ruse cono'oe e's aoiere'e 113,027 105,789 PM Wey fOUNdla Nd... e890°ESr's | sEa‘rsE PGS ‘G6 LP ‘OIT 918°€9 | - LOG‘ OLE T6606 C78 °919'% | 68h “066 o) i nn eee eee eee ete ee ee ee ee eee nj 901° F8% RP9 86 G8L° 6 LOL V6P "6 BET GS L99 °F geg‘est | cas‘ r9 cm sol'ele GEE ‘FS p98 PL 69L EL TL9°L 910 9L 609°¢ 186 €€6 T€6 ‘GOI © &98'G0E G06‘ TS 6SP LT LEVEL 0g0°9 GBS “VG 990° L LYG ‘PIG E1h ‘O01 f] «LG e8h 6IT‘90T E6r 9B ELS (86, £06 (91 LLT 96 8e9'¢ POL‘ IGE OLT ‘Sor Bm pse Gee TLP PPS E66 OL Teé ‘ers 869° 6G 698. GF 190 11 E88 68E TL GST ‘a 86S 667 @eeeeevegeee ere e#ereeoee eve F Pie vw eeseevoeeaoee Fin oeoeeeeeeoe @ & 086 OLT TSG 86 BPS 88é O6L EST N 689 ‘9LS eeceosec er eer oe eee oro oe see erin oeeeseeo0% Fle0e082%0 Ce 0 Oe Lo9‘S9 196 GL SLO 11¢. GCE GPT P £69 ‘EgP$ Perec ee erence ect ereessesceecsrersleceeruwecess! GOalrgg G90‘ LT STL‘ Tore ETE ICL & | Ee | Se ee Eee a | “an[VA "S[OIIET "ane A “sequin? ‘on[eA *s[OLIVg ‘an[tA *BTRIUINY "Onl RA 1210, sPeRitd “Aq Pereid “AIG, "JYGNVd USI9I0.4 "qUdNe. UROLLIUY ‘oper ‘T Ayng wowf sarujunoa usravof 0) uojsog fo 240d ays wosf pajwodxa ysyf payoud puv hap fo anna pun hryjunner 569 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. LOL A A Se rr nee: OGr‘6SG | ISe'T | HHP LP OTP SIT | S6P | opel 80L GG Ill PEL Gr8 EF, | 6 | 1906 Loy‘PL$ — | GBS S19‘ FI “OnTeA “STQq-JH “STOLE ‘uoTydumnsu0y * GT ‘og IUn,* 07 ‘LEST ‘Og PUN f* Uorf UNOPSAAVUYY Puvo UOSOG fo JQVA)SUD ay} Ut PIASNOYILVN ysif payor COL‘F9G | OSS S10‘6L 08L°GS PIS COLTS PSG'Eb9 | SI'S | SeB‘LST { —_ ee SS eee STE “L8 89T E8S "6S GEL ‘ST 1&3 0L6°G STL 68 GIG 66F ‘LP LEE 6E cE OTL VE 0&6 "ES. | 98 GEOL osc'Sor | €8& 9F& ‘08 676 '8E 1G 866 FI 968 ‘LT 9 €80°S rs 901, | L8E COLE £96 ‘668 | 98 STE‘ LS c98‘co$ | IP 0899 96h ‘106% | 99F 816 ‘8h OnTVA «| “SIqq-JH | “sjarreg “onTeA =| S[GQ-JET| “sTorseg UOT} e}IOd XG ‘uolyeyzodsues y, | OPA | RII SEL | “STOETRE “ASNOHFTUVM WOU NMVUGHLIA “CUSHOHAUY AL Be tte alee ea ea ONTE OS ETC OT ‘og sung eS con ‘og eune Se ee See Tel ‘ok eunet te oe Pele ‘og eunr —Suipus sivok during “porad dULDS OY} BUND ISNOYILDN WOLf UMDApY)UN ysif papyoud ‘OSD ne ¢ | ee £69‘ ET OL 8 lly ¢ _LL6‘S9 | BE & GL'LG 901 0 0-< G19" L | LL 0. ee‘e L966 196 Ste LLY 9EL ‘IT 1 & G0L‘9 PLS‘T GL Sey alae 869 ‘2 OT T Ocet SLE ‘SL 03 0 96L‘F £98‘8& Pl T _966‘ST LEG ‘S - *$.10710q7 "sq7 ‘sab amg *SLDI]0) "sq? ‘stb -ymg *SLn770(7 “en[BA “Apueny ‘ane A - Ayyueny “anye A ‘uoidunsuoy “uoryey1odxny “ASNOHWUVM WOU NMYVUGH LIA eooce ee ere 8 C}09 © © © & 80 © owe oo ew oO Ge a | 91 & ee6‘S —————— 9 4p Soyer 0 € -LEe9 8 6 LI8 "sq7 *sb “ymg Ayryurne “uolyeyrodsue. J, S18‘¢cs 6 0 GL6‘rS £8S ‘OI | OL I G8I‘F G6L FL TAT 0Gh' s VSG" L VL 1 661 C88 ‘GS Cpe ae ie “SLDIOL "3q7 “sub “yay "one A “AppUeNy “duUsooHTUuvm “porsad suns ay) BuLsnp asnoyason wosf unoapynn ysif hap *0sjD *TSQT ‘Og mung OF ‘LEST ‘Og aunt TO UNOISIADYO) Plo UoOIsSOT fo JPULIStP 9Y7 UL pasnoyoIson ysyf hap fo PUIUIDIDID a=’ ONT eee eve Se fo FUIWIIVIG—"H “ONT teeeee eee Ty passin sae yl USN ‘og eunr a aera TIC | ‘og oun ibapianimatapiseses 8 8-71 ‘og ounr SASESE Seen a ae OT ‘og suns —sutpus sirad Sung ANDREWS’ REPORT ON o70 CTS‘ G6LS vbeeee eee rts ce | S| ET | NS | ES | TY TT eeooeeeveersseevoeoe eerie eae ee eee e eoereeoes ° eee oeoeee eoee oee0e 0/6 © @ @ © ole ee bo eeeeecer e eoceceeee el] eo oe eo | ‘ eeaoeoecet]ae eee ale ° @eeveeoeves eeceoee ee eie 8 eo 8 Oo e©eee 8 0/09 © @ © & ele e@eerv eo ee eoeeor eo els eoe ee e elo eeee eoeooeeeo|j*e eee se ° Ov orl 8 "166 CG veeo°0 6 eee ce 86 oO oO]e 2 e 08 oO oO i 09 ele eesaeo eo o , ¢ 5 £66 969‘ LIT S708 109 091 ‘T * “1661 "1108 "1819 €06 hile sea 8 ESL ELG |S8L 66 OST°T |€6 6 pexeins 66 G CST 8LG 961 eeeee 0 0 © LI 8 Ig * 681 -*980°T 09g Bere ser “OUTeA rasa | OF LYS‘T 90s eo ee 00000 9T g aeieiens oa Reele #1 GEO T Isl ceeeoe f Ov 9E 6$ ‘any@A | ‘sporieg |onprA| “4yAO | ‘en[eA | ‘s[etieg jonype A) 349 ‘s[alieg [ane A) FAO | “enreA ‘paid seeariG *papsford peryord ‘pond "papsord "pa[sord “TPS “OV8T “CYST “IUUSNIIUD ‘OGRT 02 EPQT woul ‘og sung suapua ssnah yoosiyfl % sorte lete‘’e ong lers‘oae i90g‘og l9F9‘6 \L6a‘T leto‘t9% |ors‘sr [1290'S l09e [961‘O@T ZOL‘9T | TIP ‘T/881 ‘pod “EP81 "sjalieg |’an[@ A} “3AK9 ay? HULINp saQDIS) pany ay? o7ur ysf” paqyord pun prip fo sj4oduy—'G ste ereeeseeees eppEUty ORE rotten ae Be iaNs ele Sea mNe leis Rr acites **oUuRTY ey} uo uredg tee tee rere esos seme tree eee eee eee ee QrsgIty -** ABMION put uspamg theese eee eeee OoIxany Jo ee tee e cee e eee e ee rpyresgUy ‘| UREUTIIO}IPITA] 94 uO uTedg js eee* SOIDUT ISOAA OUST T *ULOURIIO}LIPI IAT OY} UO GOUTI TF lees s-oURIyY OY} UO 9oUeIY leet eee eee oe seer ee sNIS TOG serene eee ereeeeseesee Krpae **sgIUO]OD UVdOLeULY Ysyig “yveececsssalpuy 389 AA YS tee seeee eeeees puBraIT rte eeeseseeses puRToag sete eee e eee e DUT sg sheaserenevarsheeisis exe DIC TTOR eetccoee **suUMO J, esuvyy *poyiodmt sousy AA ‘ON ov1 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 407997799 “ap SX TYAYD °d "ICRT SOG 4aquasagy ‘uojsog ‘NMOLSATAVHD ONV NoLsog go LOaLsig Pei cn rn nr nnn enna ee UEESuEnEn EEE SIsSSnSRSSInN Lnsnn Inn GINIAIIEEREENRERRIREEDRER | 119‘96r oge‘sor |196‘ ‘ep ert! “GG PEE “68S. 180‘99T |G0L‘Shl0eS‘GB)9F8‘LE9 |ILS‘EST |6GL° LT 9¢g‘Ts|sos‘sse | T¥S‘€s j%80‘9T|L90°L Bisliers|orsisioin lo ©) si/vierm cle # anu visialei¢ ¢/6)esie)s\s)|6\¢ 8 sees 5 ee = e568) 4 EEO) e008 ee 80 0} 8 8 08 6 oo LEE IY at) ace aa ke eating 0) ON vf ws 6) 80 6 ae |e ve 66 ale oo 6 es|e se seve eo ss cao es ee ATIOTS a eee 190 Ce. El 05-2 (G00 69k 198 OL E86 9.= GIG. 1-89 eevecneceslieseeeeeerirseoavesieeeeeeece eee eeejooveeeseeia oe 8 © oil Racer enest () vty OOL e©eeoeeaodeeje @e0200 @ 000 006.6:51IG00-00'0'0 GIIII0.0 060 O15 GIO :OsU 10 DO.) OUSO;108C) J -O8OIOU 211/089 O00 0am Pp ecceecececevcleoaneoert{e oe of oO eceeccocec|\e coe ceoesieeoeeeei2ee 0020/8 292000 8/9 20 8200 6 G I sec ceecelecccececisoversisoooesie es QUDITY OY} UO UIRdG eocevovjoceecve pe olecoseceve ole eeeaaeioeee0e/7 OF COB FSF CH LFS e PYPIN @ovevenverleeoevereeoe2ei® © & 8090982000 O GL él 866 «IGG 9.0.050-0 8D ON G°00°9 0) 0 O/O,010-0.0 OOOO O.Cikaye) 9T e@oeeeo0e 8 & Dac ceccsls ees ce elecceeeeclecceccleceseecslecescerelrecccascecscleereoscsssecess OROIIT secre cc eleeeecscelecccececlercceslecsceecelecccceccleccesseoeeseiooes KVMION DUB UIPEMG ee eeeeeleccccecclecececcclseesealescesscelecccececleccesclsssscelesseecssersees® OOIXOTT sec ceccclecc cece ele erereleccccccslssvecccsisecerseecesaisecseesevecess IDIBIGIXD IL Pe eect a AY ob LP eoeovejeeceeoce|soeeseanes ce eee © TTPOlT -RLIO}IPOfT 94} uo uiedg ONCSCERCIO=O! O80 O81 aOR) Git ISO OC OSS. (COOPER NE OR IC I OPO 61 eeoeacoe|oe 8 0 © se e** SIIPUT JSOAA YOU Y wb bleacwisin dls oo aie ole eicrebiels ertahe alee ROT -VIIOPIPITA OY} UO 9OUTIT "* our oy} uo sour y soc ees ce eeslecescrreeseeres MNI[Og ¢ [ CI Pgs LG LI % Ss) ciel ahs) Si9ie oer €¢ : sper eietonoueicl|sterete 0 «|l\sieuel sie ¢ aid se ce erleccecclececesccccsroesees ADIT ROT LI 66 e ie os lee wee z £0, ie 1G i GS P c Poe ae ci YO 8 (6c) 9LO‘FOP (O1G‘OOL |196‘FF\GL0 $6 666" ‘ege |ogg‘ PCL |91G‘TPIOL9 ‘TclE9L 919 998 ‘6FL |99¢‘Gal, |6P9 ‘OS IGaP ‘SLE | 6S6‘508 |LZS‘STILOG‘9 |Seluo[oo UvolIeULY Ys LG SOL ee Obes Sey ys Oe = = PO gh GLE‘T |¢60‘T |SPL‘S egI‘T (03 |O9L [°° °° SOIPUTL SOAK YSU VEG QP seer ale cece slear I9I aries; = oke)| Sheree’ ‘s)emenkehioieeviekes cue (eicnenekenes ome skeleleye yes erehsnen Ae OG 16¢ #018: 9) 9) ||) ee: erp ie) ope coun Snceneumnck@ot>eas Se PUNE oul 919 lial € 69 OL ere 08 TY p ASS OT spckoaene dene 0 shoes ere: Polk 61 25.809) 9 je" 9)|9. 19 0070 fee ene xenmnerachei ee oes ea UE Oe ey Hoo 1° 19S LOT {LT CoE ILT gcas ippt jeso‘t Pet QF9 GG PZB 99 og$ 19 a aman °F Bier seein co lgop = BET iavES.. feev'c: fot hI host: ee apps | teen eran CHL‘ 1s LGB reg el ‘OST ‘T$ 6£9 ve cecsloccee slpnn tod ego‘ T Bye Wuerare e's jae ore)® Gog OLS cece erro eecelsercoeseee SUMOT OSULLT | a cat legend | eh Rib ere oe a CR | eee So are ‘gfoaivg |anteal 749 | “enTeA | ‘spotueg| ‘onfjea | “}AO | “onTeA | ‘spoteg eoeerecec elo ce ecco eo ele Oo orsjceeao0e0e2ee 804700010 © 8 0820 2/9 FO 8 0/9 BO OOo | Il G sreceileeersecaseeecliesesersfoerecdperses eoeecooee cise ee oe 0e co/2 8282860; 828 88078888989 99;9 88 8 Oo & eeecoove|sevane ese? ee e080 8 917 i6S 06 a 661 8 SY Gg Sol. e@ceeooee|2 *eoee00e802;° 08902270): 8 28282908 68 0 }8 © ¢ I Se ee AS) eh pease RS AO Uae if cc QT ©e@e80e@ 0 @¢/2 6 © oe e e ° ° ° e ° ° e e e e ° e e ° e ° ° ° eeoovvereoeeoej/' eevee eo00}/9 0090200200)9 82 829 8 019 5 8H OO Oo LY i ES ee haat [ it ¢ EP ¢, convocev]oooe eee e0008 60/9 8 020009 4)/9 © & O& eooeviteernoe on el/® oe ee ece ojos e2ee0ee|e@ @ eo ee ej © © 20 6 o © “ON[VA | “S[O1IVE ZyNe) ‘ane A| “YAO | “onlTeA “papspold "polid "pesford ‘pod "PeLOld ‘ped "papspld ‘payzoduit sousey AA “OS8T “6Psl “ST81 “‘ponunuo)——g “ON ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 572 1 eoeoeee tino e@eeceoetiseeese 082 00E 0F8 619 ‘F G8E iT 190°T e@eeeen 789 ‘TS LSP ‘6 PVE ‘FT G00‘T 816 ‘F 880 ‘re “One A ns OF vor‘T eeoeeee coe Of - e@eeeoso eeoceove eeeece ceoeoeeee OSP ‘EI LOMO 1ce‘T 91 Cle T poet “S14 Beda atral PSP‘ 10S% e@eeoaoetlea eee BPL‘e 6LE‘T eoveeoeoes Tir Zt 79S ISL °8 ERP ‘Tz FO. eres ‘an[RA GGG 66% 966'E |PIS°LIEIL’S |PPL 6 SIL‘8 \P90‘OT/60r'S ISee‘6T sleeper: \L P6S‘T 999‘ leLP‘T les9 769 oe 0 8 © “4MO ‘pong eo ee elo ee ee 4le ee 8 © © 6 80 oO 8 OO "OGL —\06G:-- [Pees 160‘ 2 ec) eee liga 4 ry ‘OS8I peed alpen OR Q@eeeetvioe eee tle weeee oe © & @ 6/8 © 8 © & & 6 oo oO OO ZOl‘T lere seeeee ratecileeseeslaay | eoe ee eleoe ee tigneeee 688 CET eeeoeee Spee Sear maemo, eee <6 Heiapee) 274 6hE ‘Shi86S ‘ TIIOLP | [S01 DEr 96% 616 VvOe 1 f°" B08 ‘ShiLEn‘S |r08‘1$ OIT 1g 8LG eoooe 0SG “anTe Al “SIqq “OnT[ vA spel dl. “4M9 sPeMGe Sista aliens ete )/' piece sae SSeS (Na Alielcane tomers 2 once eal pp col'G. ero. |" “0SL 06 s FHS “18 GOI ‘TEIT6 LOP'EI |ES0'€ |69 PEL‘Sl icLgo‘p |9¢ Won C= = Wee | (2 a oge meee ee: a eael 2 "|: ype ean 7 6°T ISL¢ L lose Fil ° ° ° s ° e e ° e ° @eectices aoe eeocrtleagao oe G TLOLe'é G Pl S9L F g FIST6'h 6° 6h FEN‘ LT eeoertececeooceosn Let‘sz$ i%ge‘t l6rs‘st.o00's ‘one | “SIU |enfea) 449 Pee a “6r8T "poliq Shel O&I 0 Les ‘geiece ‘6 99¢‘P |690‘T IT'S |T16‘T 96T ‘e$ioge SOBA Se Ee Rat B66 ‘SG 00T asinete R98 °S 650 ‘GE 89S cog o19% "OnTe A] “YAO ee ee) ee oifqndayy ourjuesiy eae eee | CPL T je @o 86 LOL 086 96008" °° V0G ort 0G "pod “LEST “LHONVO NOIGUOd coeeveee ree eee ve oe seo oitquday eulyedsig "SOLICULD JOJO pue ayiieue ys, ESP ee as tees PU FSS AA SI ies eoee eee eee e@esc oe v0 ec @ se eee 0 ee eo oo *BURILIZ) ysiqyuig eerseeeoreoee *svtinpuofpy ysiylig e@eracoeeoseo ee @ PUBINX) yowgd eestor oe oe ere coe ae Aj[eisues soipet LOA a tet a Teg SC SSE CCA ISL 3 ata YP ‘cA eoeeore 9000 @2 40008 © #e oe ee @e6 0 #0 e@ere ov eveoe eeeoee on oe coos eee oe eve BULINK, LGran ten A | seeeere* SOIPUT ISA AA YOUSIT eco eo 8 © oe oo *seInpUuoTy YSIplIg wee eety ease ee teehee 2.8 BAAS SUMS AS es tceoe sorpuy 489 AA YsipaMg eoeteooeoeev a4pe0008 0 SALE EAS ACCP EDERS So Pet LET e@evoe eo eR @ eoeoose og ee0e ©eeee © e89 @ oO e979 eeeo0 se e080 toe e settee ee eee eee © OOIXOTAT St stueenaninse paolo yeceh auth e *“soipul qSO AA YSlueds Iey1O Pee ee ete eee e towne es pang ** ‘solUO[oy ULoLIOUlYy Ysyug soteeee ss SaIDUy ISaAA YONG tresses e solpUy ISOAA YSIUeG *peziodxe zayTIY AA "adisnjour ‘QCRT 02 EFRT wo1f ‘Og aune duipua stvah poosif ay) Gminp saynjig panugy ays wows ysif pajynd pup parap fo sjuoduy 9 ‘ON 573 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. “40j9909 “Ur ‘ATTTYD ‘d “IGRI ‘Gy taquuaveg ‘a0 8,.103999109 ‘NoLsog ‘asnoH-Wo4LsAg 18% “usy poryord sjoareq cy ‘ETS ‘Ys polp “ym OT ‘OST UL § OOH “YSY poryord sporreq QOT £ Teh ‘ysY pottp yao 9 ‘GPET Ut ‘ POT‘Es ‘ysy papyord sparieq ¢¢L “PPST Ul f OTPS ‘USYy popyord JO S[olivg EOT “EP8I Ul : 9PRT pur ‘cPg] ‘PPL ‘EPRI JO sytoder [enuue ot} ut ueatd you ArjyuN0D yora 0} AyWuenb ay. —'aLoN —— — sna ERERE eneeeeeeneneneeeeee 6¢L€9]T99°ee 260 6s) T6P ‘ve 016‘L6 E91 “6eloT8“L¥ 668 6IILTL IPT soo eelee9“ae eve‘ eeleto ‘eclece‘e1 g1o“enleas‘es Pave spouts <9 = ggg FIT A ee) ca ea 7c ee Oct OST Ce eee rtiseeceertiseonevsisecseeisccves Ae eis s 3 rer ane GLB‘ cee rer sr occ esse occtlsan avon C9 2G a eed a ZI cs Sua ee ee Ge Re agile shee Nis exe SR @ 8 Wre OBS See we Rigas Bs He Se See eared nametited Gi ET Comma Py os 18¢‘T Cet ee? te MMnON cy MMOL. CMS lls cavsivenserriccrcianesenityensaenen ele €9T 0S £286 OOT Cos OOT adie i el 3S 006 Sere ene cepa eee age eens >] ASAE oe Na BRN aa a RP eandse tah es aE aS ATO UO aan es tlee eee riaeeeerigec ese risaceetsnvsesisoevovsecsiseeceeticneoce Sa Sei Hhe ea eagea(* Ee sie eels ese os one ee FS ss se TRU BOROULe Tam cee So (ae MM acme pre cu gc. y's seta ae ea oes eee oe eee ae aa ee ee oe rece ee Fee eee rice e cece rleaneeeelserecersigencens Saati pa eee pk alc retrace aM Cte a RE CaS, 2188 8A GA ea © 0h 0S, Wee gis ae WP 'ad See Says 8 ose se eee t¢eo008 eR UMM ce ras ee eee 9) gee Sees OR a, © Oe Bsa SS: 8 Soe 8 ee oe Y SY ee Se > 28 OCU oer ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 574 LYE 0S Sh CE PL6‘°L9 1L9‘9I £86 ‘S9T SOF ‘8s 9LI 0% Pls pee * OFl Cl eoeeceeeeee eerie eevee eee ee @ e@oeevnteeevoe rs 02 e24282 08888 © 6ST | 9¢ Bercesgons eget 4] agp T OL, 190 ‘GP 816‘8 6PL‘86 869 ‘SE 06F ‘1 1&6 ‘FP L08 ‘S93 €67 ‘LOL 6LL GIé Ch 0G sae ous el ace brio ose were aL ASRS ac cere ete aa OL srg I GLE SLZ ‘CT GS0°L EL6'S 866 | GOV TE" | 96l's GES ‘ST 1S0°F GPP ‘I GLE 109 ‘S 996‘T 6ES‘L 666.6 €66'E GGL PL8‘¢ eve ‘T OFG OOL e@occrceoaoor|e 000809 828000 @ 991 €9 O16 6P 3) ore, 06 cce‘T ELE CL6‘6I 188 ‘OL 666 ‘6 GBS ‘'G GSP ‘6S 166‘6L €9 SG Ill 0S GES LI 610°F G09‘ LE 009 ‘SI ele$ OF ecg GSI ‘an[eA *s[olieg ‘an[eA “s[equINy “palyord "pond "PPS Ir L g g 099 ‘GF 09S‘ It ogh ‘LOL 680‘ 8? Cece rk Ses eeeees< ares)’ er +5 06 9 eeecoeoceseeetsgeoeveoeoe ee 2806 8 # evoeectsovsevaeoeevisoee2e20288 888 © & OOL LS ( cyre os Cages eae ae 18% 969 ‘8% 7s8‘9 OGL‘8S GEG‘ 9G Lo6‘ FL 69L°E €S9 ‘TOL L00‘9¥ O61 0¢ 006 os peeeceveececvueeeve'i8s @ eee 2888S 6 88 O€ OF (4 iy ¢ ¢ 666‘% SLP Ter ‘Il COT ‘9 LeL‘é 060‘T 980 ‘9 1L9‘G [Sg 66 On” ste 119° GLO 969'8 ELLE 696 LOT R19 ‘S 0&6 66 18 eo ee ee 61 OST Rei ateire ais dines sae aye cee 188 ‘T CLP EPL ‘Il 866‘ L 86g ‘fF 106‘T CSL‘ 6I €16‘S1 eoeoese oe ere eo eit? © 8&2 e828 888 8 OV 9 9686 LOI‘€ 668‘ LE Gr9 ‘OT c96$ OFZ P169 096 ‘anjeA "s[oleg ‘on[eA “s[equINge “paryord "LHYAVO NVYOMWAINV ee *IQISNJIU Wack tafig atheist aaies eh ioe ame anaeeme: Soee eST e é dv, eoev ee oe eeoeeeee eeceaoeeae ee e@seeoce ee e@ete ee ce eee eocoeeoed eo essere eseerse ees oeeees 4ty seeeereeeeseson Sueaary ‘faxing, sjiod uvlijsny 10y}0 pue ejselL J, sh eeeeeeesspurist apiaA ap ode se eeeseresgiozy 1eyjo pur (edu "** *SoIpUy ISOAA Ysiuudg sep1O wince enon eee erro teres pang “*spurjst oulddiyimg puv vyjlueyy ***'salivuey Jey}O pur ayliauay, e@oesp eee eee serene "ON ‘uoqginog vee eeeeeeeeeee se puTing YOUaL gy tee e eer ee ese ggIpUT 4S9AQ YOUaLT s*°** SolUO[OO URIIIBWLY YSMAg Fe seeese = sgipuy 4sa Aq USING bese ee eee eee eesees “Sem pUOPT see e esse eer ees DITRLShY te eeeeeees sgorpuy yseay YsuUg see cece ee eeeeceee + IEIBIGUD veeeeeeeesepunmy yong G55 = SOIpUT 389 AA Hemee ee eeeeeeeesggipuy Jseqp youd "sees -sgIpuy JSAAA YSIUeG te eeseee se osorpuy 4saA\ GSIPEag e@eoe eeoeee ee ‘payiodxe IeUTITT AA ‘OCRT OF EFRT woul ‘gg sung aupua savah joosiyf ay) Suunp sonig panug ayn worl ysif poyynd puv parup fo sjsodrgy—y, ‘ON 5790 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. e GLI‘ L6L OLL ‘OF 968 ‘669 O19 ‘TLE | GPO ‘OIL 7S¢‘0E GLI‘I8§ 06‘ PLT eoeveeeceeeee ele se ose ee eee eeisoeeeeeveeeeerloene eee etevesie eo err eere ee clr oeeeveeeeeeeie ee ee oe ee ee s/s oo Fee 8 oH Oo Oo a en te ee aa oe ge sas cena LUC osUuvy_y e@oeereeeoeeee eso ee eoneereeee sie coos seeoeoet}e nee eexrveeveeoeeoe2 ee eso ee ose] GTB eo2tH HO See eva GSA Fee O's Be ee Bee wo Oo mehce.0) Oa SLSR ASO sia ares hte °° ABO ST TE eeevocaoceeoceoeoees/s ee oevoeorseaeeeeise ec eeeteeeeeiseeeeeee ee eeeriseoeevpetstseeeoeeerie eo eeeseeceene aries ee eee eee ene AEE Sa ala ea es ea Se og acct at 21S) OI SONIC) ecoeecst cere ee ele ee eee eereeeoele sec ee ee eves s/o ooeoeeveereoei/oeov eee eevee oe|e eevee erHeeer|e eG eeeeeereeoris wooeeee eevee}, ® ®e ee ee eo eee ete ee eerseeeaee oe eo ee oe oe purl[oyy SESEDERIaeeLsnersheLe |eeegeee)(s*9\ 060: 67 8|(s/e=8).sieusijeiieie\s/skin |p) pee neste ahie01 9/0) 9)| 8201/0 8m) 8 heiceie: e)enes ie elebe) eel eik eye eh ny Ce 56 0 ers eyeal ere meimee, eee eke S's ae a a a ag ad | (ENO TT eoocee eo ee ee ele oe eee eevee el/se ee eHoeeeeeeris oe ee 8 Oe oo Tseeeoeeres ssorlaysy Youely Jay}0 pur uojenbiypy eecoee ee eee Pefoeeseeoee se eee/oeoeoseee eer eeefoeeeere ese eo eee Se SOE iy OU Osea toa eeoeotoeooe erie © eee eee eee eie eee ocean ee ee cies eee oo ee Oo e@oevexseoevereoeee|s>eeoeeeneeooeie os eevee Po Fe Clee 9 Fe 6 Oe ow Oo eewoe ese ee eo eels De ov se soe eee eeeee eee 8 81/09 28 6H 22028 Oo & ee eso ee oe ee ele oO oe oO Boe HO lO ee CHO eH EH eH eis He Hee ee oo nc itachi aii aie a naa 2 Ih 2) SON SONOS e@eoeeveteoceee eee ee 8 88 8 8 8 & ee oe © & oe OO ew 88 we oO 8 ee 8 oe 8 8 ee@oceeo ee eee eale eo eee ese e cess PO Oe Se BGO eerie OF He oe Hee © lg lias Seca aad ae sea eat Sg ue a HUT EN CCP exeeceeoveereee os oC seo oveeeeeeiooeeeeeer oe vies eseee ee ee er/e ee ee eevee eevels se eaeseeeeoeveoe cies ee ee eeeeee0r]2 09099078 88 88 @ ri a ane dela aia i diet ape le er OEE QOS OO OO HEN TTA eeereeeneoe eels eoee ee ee ee e|e eer eee ete eorvleoe ee © e890 ee Oe w Sislais Siete! 9) sei oie @ Songaeie tor ariare, eke ie se) SATE ere una eocecreeeeses ee ele oer ce eoe ere naeoisoaeseeoe ee oe ele eeereoe eee eo ele e228 FF ee BB elo oF OH eH ee HH eH ee eH Be oH eH He eH FH eo eH Oo eee ee we, SSeS She eee ee a Cran ceoee eevee eerie @e ee eee eeesioe eee te eeee er} oeeereeeee st CPCS ow ieee ge ei NS vee Fe OTB AOU eT CAL OLa e@eerceeeeev ee sje ee ree eee eee|ee cee ee ee ee ojo © 2 68 2 & eo oe sccc mee cere oe cre’ *UBIURIIAPOAT 9Y} UO sOURLT e@eeceees eee ees eosceoe eee see tie oeeese 2 eee rie eo soetoeee ee e@eeoesceeeeeocrtlseee ese eeee 48 Oo eos oeeeticooe ee 28 Be 8 oO epweeeoetevoveeccri®oeoeeaeeeceeeoerl}® co e@eeoee0e0ee 8/89 © OF © tee Oo oe ai a ae eae ae etchant 2 FR OTHE CIN ATTEN LY e@oceeceee eee oe|/s eo eo eee ese ee e!oeeovee eee ee eje eee stone ee o ROT AL AS Bese Oe Sass Se ea ET pooxy jo adug eoeore ee en ee wie ee oer ores e vise soe oesoees|sooee eo e020 & eooeoseeoeere ee ele ee eee a ee 0 eo © Saimiri eee ieee peo aC eR FONE RO) OETA | ooeereeve ee oe vise eeeeoep ee eee cere eecorcereceee rs T2000 DYIOUY puv svos YING poe eee ese oe e|o oe ee oO oO oo oO Es ea aoe Sa Tbe eh EC SONS a SCREEN SIF isn 6 [ eeveeeve ee eo eleeoevee7 ee oe oe & ooo ee eves eo elo ee ee te eeeersie ees eregeoevvjr ee ee ee Fe oe eo ee Med Ae ee ae ea eran a CSI ACES! CROSS ONO SS OND AL ost of 89 Of Dest etre esarineesctreeees! GOT ee ce ooece eo se ee rlo ee ee teow eeoseoee ee teeveoepeoeseoesoed se estan a te hoceee bees de LMS heap eae Me el Mca ni nS eUENO ENN ES) YS I eeccoe ee neo e ele ee soa ere e eo ole oe eee eeroesloe eee teaoeessisee veces eeeer|s eee oesgoeee0 RRS G grae Oy ae a oi sce wis Romig lh 98 th ae Se UT S6S 661 ; R68 Ph ; eR HS Sis oMs 6 59 'a'es Age eine a 28. g e wie eeTeuoE BONY cee ese cece seleeucessece ce LLO‘T Cae stececcuceesereseee es Kr prquad LOLIOWY YING Ch, 9 JIL LE ceeegecereeeceresseeeces «ATID IQUae SOIPUT 489 AA GOT Gy oe eee ee ree ep oie oe ee ee os ee se I ee TS aa A ec ate ooo COO) ee ah ARG) settee eee eeeleeeeereeeees! Top CPI SC CCE CCCI (1170 Petree eeeeeelieererseseeel erg rle tte e eee e cere eeeereeees ssongnday ounuesty ceo ee tree eerlee cee rreoees OOF I9L ails SO wR bse Sie ce co ee ase OK OTTO ONT GUIRE OSI C9 0€ 196‘5G PPS Rig ra RYSag shea wie es eves, ie 10) soins eeee Sierra UZ CEE O9L 0c8 ‘3s OE T a a a ae OS PE Var etn Sas Se HS a LVG Gg SOE nLek eget: eke pare) aes Pare ooh heroksaees 4 SNe |) COLUO He) BOI A eoeeese eevee e els eo 6 Oe 8 8 28 8 oo cg oP Seg tren eee ay teoy ya POLO LULA: jo aqudey [eryuey Irg GBS CST tr SLI“ reac elated sci 2 Zap aide 2 eee L 896‘ T 008 CHS‘ T ps "aang ele@e@eweeet ee 0 @ 8) €9h [ CLG QI Onl. 6rI OF 086 OOL eoeoeoevre gee ee a}oe @ eo 4g 9 8 Ooo Oo @eeeeaaecee ee eie# eevee 02 oe © & 964 G9G S 9% GEl‘T OIS Os Cee 6 te Fe ale seus ea aw @ @. 4 @16‘T 009 If | I 661‘ S19‘T e@ocreceoeev eee eovleoe ev aegaegeoweve|® oversee se oe o]9 © 8 eo O ew ee bes Gh 891° 6 ae ae CEL LE ar SES CPS *L €r6°S ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 576 60S ‘T OtT | $% Tem 6IL‘8I 66 ° s . CoP ‘GI 66L‘L IP 026‘ L9 rol at LEL es 899‘ TE OP @eeosvese ee Oo 999% 19°01 GIGS 996 °L PPE ‘s 062% OO easel 6E8'S 89 ‘T ¢88‘8 6S1‘S £6802 6b9 ‘F ccgs GLI e]}e ee e002 ©8 © Oo @ “anye A, “STOLIV PSP [etch 829 ‘Ss Ols‘T 70S‘ 69T L08 Sf col #0802086 ©20 @ © 68S ‘OT 606 ‘1G e@eo0ere ee eee eo elo ee ec Oe Oe oO 1S0‘E¢ £169 "anyeA L609‘ LES GRP‘ LS 806 eeoerevoe eo bod ¢ e 189 '98 66S ‘STI GB 8& eoo4 ae eo eo oo ELL‘IL 16L‘TT EGE *s[equINy ‘poLiq a a SLi 6TE SBT 6h oe eseeeeree besos eoveene eoedeaga 618 '9F £9B ‘LE 9LI eo 966‘ L&6‘9 C06 ‘FP 1S¢"¢ IGE G NO crL 918% hare) 96% PoE ‘FI 00s? “On[BA “PpePpPld “LHOAVI NVOIMGNV eeerten sees e@es@eteeove ee e@eceetceveeos ¥00°6 68°9 GI e©@eeo0e e000 @ © 619 C96 ‘T | &S8 | GL3‘T 908 OF | L8 *s[o1iUg ra) ars StI BLL LES 6 eeeoerveoeese eoeeeeeoeeeeeos 99T eoooe eve eecaese G01 ‘LT 6EL ‘6S Less ‘any[e A, e ° BOI ‘Tt OF Loe‘ 6s 66 GG RSG‘ 2 6L0‘S *syequIny’ “pod tees, ‘ponunu0g—z ‘on a a lant Ant poten pan me delta tice ie tebe eae eT eeoete eeeetseoove seeeevece eoee eros eee eeeeeee ve e©ee@ee 00 ae eoeeedecencoe eeeeesesee eee ee ee oe e@eeeeees eo e66¢eeeece @odoeetobe eeeeeeseee eeoeee sce e e7eenreeee0 e8 eoeoeeeeesee8 eee 4000 80 e@oeomoreee eee e089 oo eoeeeset eo 8 @eo eeoev7rea08 eee e800 4a @oeeeotee se eo°0 aight AE IEF IN BE MB BET EE | ce cule tack en ee bn Serer Yuen Sa WeNRIaNesaae= RE tras ‘queaary ‘Aoyainy, see's sqiod uviysny Joyo pue oysarry, Sil acu Relig selena) pig A. ep adeyg onesie: foes Meher. 2 eae a a 1ayjo pue yesey eosvervsoces * SOIPUT 489 MA ysiuedg 1341O Se et eae ane aes 8. ocere © eB seeeeees sspuerst ourddiyimgg pue vypiueyy cesceoee **SOLIBUBy 1aqj0 pue e]flieue Ty, ty iD eg Mea eM es PIS TRE pert Serie ea eee ee TTL Youel J suis rele #9 0pm sine #10 ROTO EE GEA youely “**saluOj[oo UROLIBULY YSIpIg_ *eseeess SQIDUT JSAAA USIP ot See 9 e600 oe 30 2 <> ST entane oe ee cues oe eee are a a se Seas sires 08 3 SaueTT ante yshig Mia We at eh Seen ee See LOI. | pepo ee aere sie SSF Ss Ste ee eT yong eoso ce oe ‘SoIDUT 89M. young Swiss serene eit So ._* oe © SOLU ISBT young cete aes caet ges ess * SAID 35S Al USILEET eco ese 00 ao e@erceeveene@ e@eso0ee © © 80 ©2008 0 © te e@oee Ne een ech ree mac omderc eIRTSI2)OLLU f 89 MA YsipemMsg *‘psyiodxe xaUzIY AA ee Se Ce Se 577 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. C6P ‘08% 090°LS 66S‘ 669 LOP ‘LLG 7S9 ‘80% £06 ‘PF €c6 ‘E08 086 ‘88% Our a ele rere eens e- lee re eon bee oe" 0 60" -e-e8 oe -e 88:96 eoeeeree0e eee 0 @ Bete eee me ee ein one tag eee os eae ee Ree eR apse gE to os ieee OR Ee er ee eet SUL AN Oe CUE Fee Corer ee ceeesice eee see eee sie ee eee eeeeerisseseeesenes|[oeeeessesoesisoeereseservelseoeoesenensele oe oe o( Benue 0) 8) SU este OLS Oven an cae naan sheyic) ohrreanes one X67" es 0 8 ATO RTT Ceres ceeccersicoveecssaeevescieoetoesseser|eeroesreesene se poate (ate enn e\eseue alee cnmernne) enere)) orcalecess1averney suavene cic th clekescueseeesenaylene oC skrne wr iole oan Ke, 0k SeReR OO Renee eonaere trek See SET TLD @eeeeoeveee oe else eeesoeeaeeevoi® ©2880 80 @ cca usm ace: | te ace eel a || oc ae eae se es | ea aad |e eas || eR Pm ARE aes fads ok SU ee ge aaa OLED HO wee ee ec ceccsleccctrenecsleecrerescsesslsecerscceerslsececwecenulsacsresevecsisecscsseseceisssscsessecsiscseceroserumessrsssecsarsssrsseesesl DANIO T cnet eee ee ee elee cease eee ele cere ce scecalnccreccscreslrcsccssccccslscscrevssccslsscccesccnciiesecscsscocsioapormese ss SOLOS YOULL IYO pur uojonbiyy 0:00 OS CRO CORO OKO ORR ECORG (OR EEO ITE RECS SETS | OE RTA EES EL II | SEA GM HAIR TBO TIES ECS LIOR IH OR SEL AISIS ELIT RSS CEOLC SOD |e baits nanan aceon oi See IVAN IE) TELE ORO DALI | etezersieashouseqe).eie]| aie (6. 8')0)\s.0iia)\ai8:s)¢| eee: epslenehe)ieie (8) ecled| er si cusle (050.ici0: 016! efi @. 8 ierere ¢2) 900-10 10sec Rei a enencnc we eres rer anole Suse er eles evenelee ersteneue Siri, gon che=r seg erent tee erty ce tant ae cengen eae cet CRE Oc) ae @eceseevoeeeeoevetsieeeeeveaevea|® CG teeeee7ee7e7/9 OF FFF Hee CI DO OE CR Fe (SEO ERR CE OO eI DAN | al lai Ria cial lane oe >| ORIEN Or9 6SL SS CAS Rela) BSE aE 0:82 9:(8] (0 PRPLC.2/ BRS. (00. ere et eee eee ee eee Oe ee oe eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eed ieee ee eee eee ee ee eek eho ERO RS eee eee eee ees eT AT eee erccesceosieacesc cece He ee sles eoertsooeneelpeeeegosvesee(eeeeeeneeveastl>eeee 2980080 09 0G TA aSe Byeasin wveacaneny sieasiensy eveneseaep edie eA DOG TIS Cres peercecere|seooseevevesiseeeoseseneneiseesenese0es 0g Or wi alSrare sy B16 56 ole: oLeRetBeKO) 16 0) 0° elle seueutin opens O80) emi 5.00 coronas ey eean 0n0\esENie QUM hale: 6 O/te HL One @ecertseecersicoecaeesse@eeasi®e OBS Fe2 GF H BFF FeF OCH Te LHe e 8 € Cee e cere ecesicooscsrecccarersreesesescrereoseeserrnUeyy oy} uo ulEdg ORT CS coVeocesc ee eeeleeores ee vrevre sis oeer29e05 eno 0e 20880080 0 Lo8‘T G09 coeecesoveceocees IPAULIIOVPOA, OY} UO OOURIT ELST OSE eeoevereeeaeseeeveaioeoec os eeee0e @ 0&6‘'Z OST BP ORPRER 10:6 60:00 0) 6) @NBEEEO: ¢ 0) © 08. 4HEWPAAscLO9P WP 0h UP AP USERS RNP NPAP RES” CRRA Oke ee ee aT) Py ne POD OICPONAIGICE DE Du Copp i pon OL P CG IL QP 91 o.9.9.09 016,00 6 9 9 eepipie.sicesss.0ner SORT POOK) JO OUED Seis) 9 [s! ¢)0''e)\¢) e)|\6 es (ele eG @ 0 ©) 48) Ofele a. Ce) ©) 0.6 8) 4)'e oie) 6) Shek) e080 4 0G 9 Bathe ahea kaa tates le Sy Sh Th 2 Mathai ate Ny Sart iame eS AEE AAANY | SBeeeesee ese 0/9 020889082 F860 0/e CLI LG ob6L €), eoeeetseceeeeisn0ee 2 C2 ee008 ELT TL seeeceoccceoorrrss 112900 OYIORT pur svas YINOG eeeeeoteeeeeeieeee oa eaneaose 6LL cog eeoeeeteeeeeeipheoevoaeeeeoeesve OrO € GIO‘T Na re a a ele Lalas 5p PGL CG ISP LST eCeonreeteneoesiseeeoee re aeene COL €9 F/O WFR PES ABLE RPAAIO GE SLM ERAR AOR Che se4eene TVIN BRIE ORS SETS TAT ILL VG TOL €8 068 0S C09 CEG P10 AF Ae MOURN IA LP Ae A Le. eiean\ois we NPE DTIBTTINE) ysiig G&P 00T Peres eevee ccrlsseccerccecslersrrenecevelsesercsoacccissvenssacessisavccssccncriiassesssosamrssscrresossssensers res se snuipl aii LGe‘T 99% 6ES‘T POP 809 ECT TPl‘t cos 18.0,0.8 09 01.91.09, 47 9,0,9,0,09 616 Seite 9.8 seid ADB TBUGS ROLL W 9G GI 6&1, GST cle O00L LIG‘9 PELs seecssrooessccesseoes ATTYIOUOT eollouly YNog SP9'T I8é F666 P8S ‘FP 0r9 akc eg¢'s TIg fee esasccccaseccessoeces KTBIOUOT soipuy 489 AA ~ 068 0S coeeceosesececesleseesrse ee ees 9GG LOL £96 CZ 6 ORO PO Ix869e G.OVeye piel p SiMVMAW ins Piee aS ale S!s BS ATION): CD R06 86 eg9eee"s eoeesieeaeeeeeeeeeoei\¥"eeeeee @eoee eis segeeeeg eee eo a hs aaa a 2h ith a he i ae cambante t emia |'| |) QO HEY) GG c cEg‘T 189 oor ecese epee slices ovoesoeeees 616 ‘TP 6£9‘T Cor severeeeeeweessersoss.e°OTTnday euljuOSIW ore 08 Cerra rraewrowsieserce senor sieeercioeeoansigyveaacseseonce 969 ce Coe seeressecesereevessssssnirqnday oulpeldsin 0€8 COL cz9's PLS‘T 6P LT Tée‘@1 gore EPPS Re OAen oe aessen pam qenecaalne 9 SiR Maton’ TTAB T ET LGD G8 .6L9°E 608 ‘T L8P 10L e99‘e LGG‘T CPO eee e eres roeerscecsesocerecesss DIONZIUIA ROL SI C9 VG eoereereeoeerlenoex00 00088 671 0S PPP Oo 018.0 DL0,0,e8P 2s D.Gy80 wim s.8seR 0.0008 YDUO TE) MONT L8% ep 8S€ Gal 96 9T GG L sovcotersccwoscsrnnouy Jo aqudey [vl}Ue) (=) GO <5 re Q Yo) ie) e ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 578 v6 SEB °C6, eeee 09L ‘PG TOI ‘ST @orveseoee eevee @eeeeveeoegeene? @eeveeeveeveee Gels 100‘ 66L ‘PT 6F0‘9 weed ‘one A ° oe ctl g10"@ 998 °F 098‘¢ @eenee@e oveeeoee @beeteeae OS GLO‘T POL‘T TtP‘T P6L e *s[OIIVg *PSLold Lee‘T LI9 ‘PPT oe 1€ v ¢ Trs‘T9 FOL ‘£9@ Ost 166'€L 668 °T Loe 's I1¢‘8 686 ‘Pf : Of8” LEL'8G POLLE GPG‘ LT 901$ “on[eA DLS €16 ‘RE OL re ECL “TZ G89 ‘F6 L9 999‘ OL) S10‘T T9L‘€ PEG 00v 668 ‘TT 916‘ OL GEL‘ 1g *s[eqUINy "pond “8P8I “LHYOAVO NVOIMGNV 0€ OL ‘Sh 989° 06 9G6 ‘ST GE €sT Gye*T TEL 1 £66‘ PLY‘E 68'S 90L°C eee Or 789 ‘GI eeeoveveee es LIL'9 PEL‘E 669 LOL ‘Y eee ISL G06‘E ‘| 0¢0‘e 08T 906°€ 106‘T$ "oOn[R A GGL 69T LoS S69 GT G66 LGG *sToIIeg Pel otd €€6 906 ‘88I V6E 9PT'89 OLE‘ E8% GED 69k. £00‘ FT 068° G18 ‘T VEE‘S 98P‘S 086 £68 ‘S ELT LT 108 ‘6I @eeeee er eet ejanees se eee occ ‘tL 86r% “on[tA v GLOGS er £68 ‘SS 096 ‘861 10 66S 1¢9‘9 G88 109 1S0‘T G69 ‘T OST GLL S96 Lh €€9 6 L08‘s 89L “syequine PEG “LYST *penulyuory—/ *ONT ©OCOSGCHCHCHHTKOCHSOHHTSHHGBHASBSHEOKGEKE EH OES OOIxXOTy e@ooeeeoeeeeed “ig Pgh cn aa ete etic anne nin Sea ead ta ix! achat 4 tala nt tar | SASL NE EINE ON 0 SEO ATE SSN ‘qUueAO'T ‘Aoyin J, sereeesesoesecarod URIIISNY JoY}O pure o4SoIL], BEERS SR EMS AALS LE ARES APES T plea op adeg SMD sie Sekada Valen Meksierele ROT OTP ASI pur yekeq ali occ tia netcreatadart <9 | 389 AA ysiuedg 1sy1iO Ba SEA ERy SAME AS ASAE Nes e's SOME EM Rea EIEN TS ssereeesespuryst oulddiiyg pur eypiueya coeecceer’'SOLItURY I9Y}O pure offlteua fF, SERRA: SENTRA ES Sr SASESE PESTA Cte LEG ‘uoqinog she, 946: Sieneh sD Si ak Rayky os Riau Shins odeiscebsiakee Cala rim a tincy youl sy oe Weaeae nein Calera aekeserehs Cees OTE CBA AAT youel tos eeceseees ssoIlO[0d UBIIIOWY YSIIg Sie nPasivcoge, sis’ s oh¥uepsios ete Ge SARS ET SO AA YSYLIG Ria Sinat en sing Sh Oy'Sy mine's ts oles es arsle xe he's) hohe RaSehes aE eae Sa ate epee eaisSies'e; es sinin se SERG HRMS aNNKE TAU ea he ea a a ates) [2 0) 0 i | qseny Ystylig Ci AERALS: SeNeian Sok «16 De OOM) ci sritelee 3,000 Schooner Franklin Dexter.|......do...... 63 13 10 De POD, hy. Srkahad 2,200 Schooner Hamilton .......|,202+.d0...-2., 64 22 i BHU Goes bone 2,500 Schooner Grafton... .......|ec000dO.caees MSP 2 Ze lctatartalaees ct) UUW Wale ae 3,006 Schooner Telegraph.......|. b slaiuls@Onielelelns}o'» see eee Di) \isvereliefoie alain leleleliohe rele sisi seo) « Schooner Melrose, and other vessels in this dis- trict, partial loss........|.. Sen ti®sougillosoce sialcleds« aie a4 loi acd iar alfeeoteters eo 5,000 563 50 43 | 19,100 | is alu | 24,100 DISTRICT OF PORTSMOUTH. Denomination and names | Masters of Ton- |Number of|Value of|/Value of|/ Amount of vessels. vessels. nage. | crew lost. | vessels. | cargo. | of loss. Schooner Ballerma,....... None given...| 59 00 8 $1,600 $900 | Total. Schooner Banner..........|.. eas) clones 33 00 6 500 BUM avs COleraya Schooner Burlington......)... ie Op ciex tet 96 00 13 17500) |) 25800 |2..do... Schooner Harvest Home...|......do...... 66 00 10 2,500 SOO ile.) Olerars Schooner Wellington......|...... BOB a5 Sil 74 00 10 15500.) 3,500 |./.do..... Schooner Oscar Coles.....|...... Ge chet he al tei icle eh etal eelxfactel ote a'ella a divine elldcn cove ste clears doje ee | | 328 00 47 7,600 | 8,600; 16,006 588 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON No. 11—Continued. DISTRICT OF PASSAMAQUODDY. Denomination and names | Masters of Tonn- |Number of|Value of|Value of} Total. of vessels. vessels. age. | crew lost. | vessel. | outfits. Schooner America.........| None given...| 43 21 9 $700 $400 | $1,100 Schooner Maria.......0e0..0 o-do..--2.| 46 61 8 600 400 1,000 Schooner Eliza. ..eeecvecslcooecdO.cee2, D4 09 | None....| 1,200 300 1,500 ee RECAPITULATION. Distriets. Number of} Tonnage. | Loss in dol- | Loss of vessels. lars. life. District at Glouceslers. c+ cscs ces eicc ele sie © 9 629 49 19,366 24 District of Pemobseot. -. . 2 b.1s = en << clnjae sje a 14 696 O1 14,400 22 Disizictior Ferttand, ast ey. 6 nessmlejaiecials oa 7 369 54 5,600 66 District of Barnstable .....cccecececcesece 10 563 50 24,100 43 District of Portsmeuth..... ans .oa5d52 064 6 328 00 16,200 47 District of Passamaquoddy...sccccceesee 3 143 91 3,600 17 (NT RARE QO Case Gn aramioGeroo¢ 49 2,730 53 83, 266 219 rs ra : P. GREELY, Jr., Collector. CoLLECTOR’s OFFICE, District of Boston and Charlestown, January 1, 1852. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 589 |g gas D8 THE FRENCH FISHERIES AT NEWFOUNDLAND. The recent movements in France in regard to bounties on fish caught at Newfoundland, and exported to foreign countries, are singularly interesting at the present time, because it will be found, from what fol- lows, that the changes which take place durmg the present year in the allowance of those bounties are calculated to exercise a powerful effect on the deep-sea fisheries of the United States. Hereafter we are to have fish, caught and cured by citizens of France, entering our mar- kets, under the stimulus of a large bounty, to compete with the fish caught and cured by our own citizens. This altogether new and unex- pected movement on the part of France has already attracted attention and excited much interest among the fishermen of the New England States. As affecting an important branch of the industry of our people, this change in the policy of France will be reviewed somewhat at length, in order that the whole matter may be fully understood. The law of France which granted bounties to the sea fisheries being about to expire, the project of a new law was submitted to the National As- sembly on the 20th of December, 1850, by Monsieur Dumas, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, and Monsieur Romain-Desfosses, Min- ister of Marine and Colonies. At the same time, these ministers sub- mitted to the National Assembly an able report on the deep-sea fisheries of France, and a variety of interesting statistical returns, translations of which are embodied herewith. It is set forth, among other things, by the Minister of State, that the bounties paid by France during the nine years from 1841 to 1850, inclusive, for the cod fishery only, had amounted to the mean annual average of 3,900,000 francs. The number of men employed in this fishery annually amounted to 11,500 on the average. The annual ex- pense to the nation was, therefore, 338 francs per annum for each man. France trains up, in this manner, able and hardy seamen for her navy, it is said, who would cost the nation much more if they were trained to the sea on board vessels-of-war. The proposed law and report of the ministers of State who intro- duced it having been submitted to a committee of the National Assem- bly, a report thereon was presented by Monsieur Ancet, the chairman, on the 3d day of May, 1851, a translation of which is as follows: Report rendered wn the name of the commission for the inquiry ito the projected law relating to the great sea fisheries, by M. Ancet, representatewe of the people. Session of May 3, 1851. GrNTLEMEN: The commission to which you intrusted the examina- tion of the projected law in relation to the great sea fisheries, presented 590 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON oy the Ministers of Marine and Commerce, has devoted itself to the said examination with all the attention which its importance demanded. It has heard delegates from all the ports out of which the vessels are equipped. It has consulted the attested reports of the remarkable dis- cussions held by the Counsel of State, as well as the deliberations of the commission formerly appointed, under the honorable Mr. Ducos, its president; deliberations which served—if one may so speak—as the basis for this project; and to conclude, it is only after coming to a per- fect understanding with Messieurs the Ministers of the Marine and Commerce, and the Director General of Customs, that we lay before you the result of our labors. Your commission, messieurs, has not thought for a moment that the encouragement granted to the great fisheries can be regarded as any exclusive favor or protection to any one form of industry. Unquestion- ably, the industry exerted in the fisheries, and the commercial activity arising from it, becomes a very considerable element of employment and comfort to a numerous class of people, but this consideration ap- ears to us entirely secondary and insufficient to justify the favors of especial legislation. We conceive that such industrial employments as can prosper only at the expense of the public treasury should not exist; and that the intervention of the State, in the form of aid and bounties, can be justified only by considerations of general and public interest. It is not, there- fore, a commercial law that we have the honor to propose to the As- sembly, but rather a maritime law—a law conceived for the advance- ment of the naval power of this country; for it is in this point of view only, that, in our opinion, the encouragement granted to the great fish- eries ought to be maintained. France, seated on the three most im- portant seas of Europe, must continue a maritime power. The mem- ory of her history, the genius of her inhabitants, the variety of her productions, the easiness of her communications with the rest of the continent, and, yet more, the interests of her greatness and of her pre- ponderance in the world, command this. Nevertheless, the loss of her most magnificent colonies has occa- sioned irreparable injury to the commercial marine, which is an essen- tial element of naval power. ‘Treaties, which became inevitable in the course of time, have successively robbed her of the most valuable ob- jects of freight. Cotton belongs to the Americans, coal to the English ; and at the present moment, the shipments of sugars, our last resource for distant navigation, seems to be daily growing less and less. The great fisheries still remain to us; and in order to preserve them, we must continue the encouragements they have received, even at pe- riods when a commercial and colonial prosperity, infinitely superior to that now existing, multiplied our shipping, and created abundance of seamen. It is on our fisheries that at this day repose all the most seri- ous hopes of our maritime enlistments. In fact, the fisheries give employment to a great number of men, whom a laborious navigation, under climates of extreme rigor, speedily forms to the profession of the sea. No other school can compare with this in preparing them so well, and in numbers so important, for the service of the navy. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 591 Thus it appears from the crew lists of our marine, that the average numbers of men employed by the one hundred kilogrammes of tonnage, in commercial vessels, are as follows: MES We ied a cl a ghee ol 6 men. MMe TM WVOVIScS oe A a ee eR Oa: POMPEU COAS ING 4s arn a Ble aie wn ates ii ee Meetnery on tie Grand Banksy. oi... tee ete dhe ee Ted immedi tat COMING. oe sore 2a im a ae ow nbn tn wee Nes: Par mencry at St. Pierre and Miguelon......-...--...-- deta’ For fishery on the coasts of Newfoundland.........-...- 30,15 These figures clearly prove the considerable share which cod-fishing bears in the development of our maritime enlistments. If it were ne- cessary to confirm the fact yet more strongly, we should say that table No. 2, appended to this report, establishes that the increase of the maritime population in the districts in which these vessels are fitted out has been, on the average, during the ten years under the prevalence of the law which we call upon you to maintain, not less than twenty- six per cent.; whereas, in the other districts the progress has not ex- ceeded fourteen per cent. England, notwithstanding the immense resources of her insular posi- tion; the United States, where fisheries are both economical and easy, inasmuch as they are carried on upon their own coasts, and Holland, had always favored this description of shipping, and have proportioned their encouragement to the chances of profit or loss, as they appeared to predominate. Less than any other maritime nation ought we to refuse support to this admirable school for our seamen, for the French shipmasters are at present in a condition very inferior to that occupied by their rivals. There was a time when France possessed all the principal fishing grounds in Acadia, Canada, Isle Royal, the isle of St. John, and lastly Newfoundland. The treaties of 1713, of 1763, of 1783, and finally of 1814, have reduced our possessions in those seas to the two islets of St. Pierre and Miquelon; that is to say, of two sterile rocks, destitute of all resources, and on which we are forbidden to raise any fortifications. The same treaties reserve to us the right of fishing along the coast, but only at determined points and distances. We are only permitted to establish ourselves on the northern part of Newfoundland during a few months of the year, and that without constructing any permanent habitations. Thus, while the English are in exclusive possession of the best fish- eries—while they are enabled to found numerous permanent habita- tions on the southern coast of Newfoundland, favored by the mildness of the climate and the fertility of the soil—our fishers are obliged to carry out with them yearly, to the north shore, salt, fishing utensils, materials for the construction of places for shelter, and, in a word, all that is necessary for subsistence and for the operations of the season. That portion of Newfoundland is, moreover, as the honorable Mr. Ducos observes, in reporting the laws of 1841, uncultivated and sav- age; its climate is stormy and severe; its waters far less fruitful in 592 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON fishes. As regards the Americans, we have already said that their fisheries are easy and economical along the vast range of coasts they possess, near the most favorable fishing grounds. The consequences of such inequality in position can be readily ap- preciated. On all sides, the cod taken in the English and American fisheries can be sold at prices greatly inferior to the rates for French cod; and the great marts to which we carry our productions will be very soon closed against us, if we do not counterbalance the disadvan- tages of our situation by means of prudently considered encouragements. Your commission, gentlemen, has shown, then— 1. That commercial navigation having lost its best elements of trans- portation, the preservation of the great fisheries assumes a degree of importance more serious when they are viewed as being in fact the nursery of our military marine. 2. That the increase of the enrolment for the navy arising from the vessels used in the fisheries, has justified the hopes which induced the legislation to impose certain sacrifices on the treasury. 3. That in the disadvantageous position to which the treaties have reduced our shipmasters, the fisheries can be maintained only by means of encouragement which will in some degree diminish the ad- vantages possessed by our rivals. It remains to examine what has been the importance of the sacrifices to which the State has submitted, and to consider whether we may look for results proportionate to the assistance asked for from the new clauses of the proposed law. BOUNTIES ON VESSELS FITTED OUT. We fish for cod— On the Grand Bank of Newfoundland ; On the shores of the same island; On those of the isles of St. Pierre and Miquelon; In the Icelandic seas; And on the Dogger Bank. We fish with or without drying. Fishery without drying is carried on in the Icelandic seas, on the Dogger Bank, and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The fish so taken is salted on board the fishing vessels, and each vessel brings it to France as soon as the cargo is completed. This is the green codfish, which is consumed entirely in France. This description of fishery employs far fewer men than the fishery with drying, and yet its returns ,are far more abundant. Fishery with drying is practised on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, on the shores of that island, and on those of the isles of St. Pierre and Miquelon. The cod there taken is dried on shore, either at St. Pierre and Miquelon, or on those coasts of Newfoundland where that privilege is reserved to us. This day, cod is not sparingly consumed in France. It is principally exported, with the aid of bounties, to French colonies and foreign countries, either directly from the fisheries by the fishers themselves, or by transhipment from France. | It appears from the official tables which have been furnished to us, that during the period from 1841 to 1849 the returns of the French COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 593 fisheries have been annually, on an average, about 44,000,000 kilo- srammes: of this gross amount, 27,000,000 have been consumed in France, 17,000,000 have been exported to the colonies or to foreign countries; and that the exportation has been made in nearly equal pro- portions from the seats of fishery and from the ports of France. Thus about two-fifths of the returns of our fisheries are yearly exported to markets from which the competition ef our rivals would very soon ex- clude us, were it not for the aid afforded by means of bounties; for the prices of the English and American cod must always be lower than the rates of our fish, owing to the different positions in which we are placed. We shall proceed to show that, should this be the case, and this exportation be stopped, our equipment of vessels for the fisheries would be reduced to a most insignificant number, and our enrolment of seamen would be deprived of one of its most precious resources. The encouragements given to the cod fishery are divided into bounties on the number of men in every crew, and into bounties on the exporta- tion of the produce, counted by the quintal of cod, but the amount of bounty varying according to the destination of the cargoes. It follows that the bounties on the crew are beneficial to the vessels employed in both kinds of fishing—that with, and that without drying. The average annual amount of bounties to the crew for the last ten - years has been 530,000 to 540,000 francs. The bounties on exportation apply only to the 17,000,000 kilo- grammes exported, whether to our own colonies or to foreign countries, and have amounted, on an average of years since 1841, to 3,800,000 francs; that is to say, during the nine years elapsed since 1841, the expenses of the State on the cod fisheries have annually reached the average of 3,900,000 francs. The cod fisheries employ 332 vessels, 47,000 tons burden, and _ manned, according to the government returns, by 11,500 men. Each of these men, therefore, is an annual charge on the nation of 338 francs. But it has been said that if the bounties paid on the exportation of fish were discontinued, the fisheries necessary for the provisioning of France itself would still remain; and it is, in reality, for only about one-third of the produce of our fisheries that the budget is charged yearly with so heavy asum. It is not, therefore, 12,000 sailors, but the third part of that number, which costs us three millions. Messieurs, this reasoning has been seriously discussed by your com- mission, and it appears to us that it is actually the 12,000 fisher sailors, and not the third of that number, who profit by the sacrifices of the treasury. In fact, the operations of the fisheries are indivisible, and form a single whole. It is the elasticity given by exportation to the price in our markets which alone induces the fitting out so many ves- sels. Is it not true, if the bounties did not aid in the shipments to the colonies, and to foreign ports, of a considerable proportion of the pro- duce of the fisheries, those external markets would be closed against us, and that consequently thereupon the French markets would be em- barrassed, and prices lowered ? ‘The consequences which must follow from such a state of things ean be easily foreseen. ‘T'he produce of the fisheries selling tn France only, because all exportation would be impossible, two-thirds of the outfits 38 594 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON would cease. It may be said that there would be even a oe reduction than this, and that France, after the loss, too great to be a preciated, of a large part of her naval enrolment, would have eres to pay very dear ly oe French fish, or else admit foreign cod. As we have observed, messieurs, the fisheries without drying, the nperations of which are more simple and the returns larger, employ a much smaller number of sailors. But, again, the vessels in use for this purpose employ only the actual number of hands necessary for the navi- gation of them; and it may be said of this fishery, that if it prepares fewer men for the sea, it forms better sailors, the elite of the navy. Itis pursued principally on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, and in forty fathoms of water. The vessel lies at anchor, and sends out her boats every day, in the heaviest seas, to set, and agam take up the lines. Of all kinds of fishery it is the rudest and most exposed. It would seem at first that the encouragements given to it should be equal to those given to the fisheries with drying and the island fish- eries, since, on the one hand, its products are abundant, and more capa- ble, owing to their quality, of sustaining competition against foreign pro- duce; and on the other, it furnishes excellent sailor for the naval levies. But to the powerful considerations of economy which have continually governed us, and led to reduce rather than exceed the amounts of the encouragement given in past times, is added this reflec- tion—that the law cannot adopt as its end the encouragement of the trade in codfish. This branch of industry, as we have already stated, could have no title above any other to require sacrifices on the part of the state, if it did not, in a very advantageous proportion, augment the number of our sailors. In this point of view—the only one which can be admitted by the legislator—that fishery which furnishes the most sail- ors is that which best justifies the highest encouragement. Now, the fishery on the Grand Bank, without drying, is the best school for sailors ; but it is incontestable that the fishery on the coast of Newfoundland, as well at St. Pierre and Miquelon, offer a readier and more efficacious means of recruiting the navy. As to that which is carried on upon the ast of Newfoundland, with drying, the bounties on the outfit which - enjoys have not been altered since 1816. It has always been fixed at filty francs per man for each of the crew. The law, moreover, im- poses on all vessels fitted out with this destination, the obligation of embarking at least twenty meu in every vessel of less than ene hundred tons burden} thirt iy men for a vessel from one hundred to one hundred and filiy-eight tons; and fifty men for a vessel from one hundred and filty- -eight tons upward. Itis this fishery which employs the largest eee rr of vessels, and which is most favorable to enlistments. ip it, young men from fiiteen to eighteen years, who otherwise would never have thought of navigation, go on board as cabin- boys or green-hands, and make several voyages. They are employed in the work ashore, and in drying the fish. The second year they go out in the fishing boats every morning, and return every evening; by this means they are formed gradually to continued navigation. Alter three ise these young men, if they have passed the age of sixteen years, are classed, and belong for the remainder of their lives to the maritime lists. Beyond question, these recruits who so largely swell our lists are, at COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 595 first, but very imperfect sailors; there are even some who, after the three voyages required previous to being entered on the lists, give up the sea as an employment; but the number of these is much smaller than has been stated. And is it not evident that our population on the sea-board would enter less readily upon the career of seamen, if, in place of the excitement and interest which their engagement in the fish- eries offers, they had no prospect but that of embarking in the vessels of state? The government proposes to you to continue the bounty of fifty francs a man for the crews of vessels employed in the fisheries, with drying, whether carried on upon the coasts of Newfoundland, at St. Pierre, and Miquelon, where the conditions and method of fishing are analogous, or upon the Grand Bank. We have alluded to the difficult- ies of this mode of fishing, even when it is prosecuted without drying the fish caught. We give entire approbation to these propositions. The bounty on the fishing without drying in the Icelandic seas, is fixed at filty francs per man for each of the crew, since the law of June _ 25, 1841. We have retained this also, on the recommendation of mes- sieurs the Minister of Commerce and the Marine. No fishery, in truth, is more suitable for the formation of intrepid sailors. On the coast of Newtoundland the ship is laid up and dismantled; on the Grand Banks it is at anchor; in Iceland it must needs be under sail among floating ice, and on a sea continually stormy and agitated. The fishing is prac-. tised with hand-lines, from a hundred to a hundred and fitty tathoms in length; the fish, instead of being salied in bulk, is prepared and salted in tuns brought from France. 'The cod coming from Iceland are not dried; this fishery only furnishes the green cod consumed in France, and thus it receives no benefit on the. bounties for exportation. The number of vessels fitted out not having increased of late years, it is reasonable to conclude that the profits of this fishery are not consid- erable. Six vessels only have been sent to the Dogger Bank since 1841. We retain the bounty of 15 francs per man for each of the crew, which is given to this fishery, carried on in the North sea. Bounty on the produce of the fisheries—According to the law of 1841, the bounty on dry codfish sent to the French colonies, whether from the place where the fish is caught or from the warehouse in France, is fixed at 22 francs per quintal. The law proposes to reduce this amount to 20 francs per quintal; and we approve the reduction. The same law of 1841 assigns a bounty of 14 francs the quintal to all codfish sent into trans- atlantic countries. A decree of August 24, 1848, raised this bounty to 18 francs. ‘The present project proposes to render it equal to that accorded to fish sent to the French colonies. We believe this new proposal to be wisely conceived, and likely to produce very beneficial effects on our fisheries. In fact, the diminution of two francs per quintal in the bounty on exportations to our colonial possessions, together with an augmentation of two francs in favor of exportation to foreign transat- lantic countries, will tend to open new foreign markets to us, at the very moment when the political and commercial situation of our colo- nies leads us to apprehend a decrease of their ordinary consumption. 596 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The sacrifices on the part of the treasury will not be augmented; for considerable quantity of codfish was re-exported from our colonies, after having enjoyed the bounty of 22 francs. The shippers would no longer have an interest in overstocking our colonial markets with their produce, since the bounty will be no higher when sent there than when sent to Cuba or Brazil; and, at the same time, the exemption from all duties in our colonies guaranties that they will always be sufficiently supplied. The prohibition to send codfish to ports at which there is no French consul forms part of the law of 1841. In order to prevent abuses, the shippers are obliged to furnish a certificate proving the good quality of their fish, and its exact weight. It is important to the interest of the _ treasury that these certificates snould be made by a government officer, who would be under the influence of responsibility not felt by men completely unconnected with the administration. There is, moreover, no port of any consideration at which there is not a French consular agent. This commission has considered it its duty to admit our colonies on the western coast of Africa to the benefit of the same bounties accorded to the West India colonies, and has especially had Senegal in view—a colony too often overlooked and forgottea. ‘The government has accept- ed this addition to the proposed law. The present project establishes the bounty of 16 francs on exporta- tions to European countries and to foreign States on the Mediterranean, which the law of 1841 had established at 14 francs, and a decree of 1848 had raised to 18 francs. This reduction in favor of the treasury we do not consider likely to militate agaist our exportation to those countries. In concurrence with the government, we include Tuscany in this category ; but we except from it Sardinia, where ancient and well-assured relations permit us to reduce the protection to 12 francs. Upon the whole, messieurs, the scale of bounties which we above propose to you promises the treasury a saving of 300,000 francs, pro- vided that, in spite of our fears of its decrease, our exportations of cod- fish remain equal to what they have been during the last ten years. The second article of the proposed law retains the obligation that each vessel shall have a minimum of crew proportioned to the size of the ship. This measure, which was established in 1832, on the request of the shipmasters themselves, is at once preservative of their interests and those of maritime enlistment, the essential object of all the protec- tion to the fisheries. The Minister of Marine has declared to us that the minimums ap- peared to him to be judiciously regulated, and that there was no neces- sity for modifying them, the administration having had, thus far, no reason to complain of any abuses. The commission has therefore ap- proved the mmimums as they are now established, adding, that if, in the course of the term which you propose to fix for the duration of the law, the necessity of augmenting them shall become evident, the gov- ernment shall have the power to provide for their increase. The vessels sent to the fisheries without drying, having salt on board— that is to say, in Iceland and on the Grand Bank—are never subjected to the ordinance respecting minimums; they embark at their own pleasure COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 597 such number of men as their crew as they deem advisable for navi- gating and fishing. Their crews are less numerous, because they have no need, like the vessels fishing on the coast, to employ hands in the operation of drying fish ashore; but all the men being mariners, all contribute alike to the naval enrolment. ‘These vessels are compelled to bring back to France the entire produce of their fisheries. Several ports on the channel, which fit out especially for the fisheries without drying, have many times complained of the absolute prohibition to sell any part of their ono at the seat of the fisheries, or to store them at St. Pierre, inorder to be forwarded thence to colonialor foreign markets. It is understood that the object of this prohibition is to disallow the great bounty (formerly 22 francs, henceforth 20 francs) to vessels, which, not being subject to the regulations respe cting a minimum number of crew, do not contribute so “largely to the naval enrolment. It may be observed, on the other hand, that these vessels form the best sailors; and there are circumstances under which the absolute compulsion to bring back the produce of their fishery to France may prove ruinous to their operations. Messieurs the Ministers.of Commerce ‘and the Marine have enter- tained this view of the case, and have stated that it is the intention of the government to grant the liberty desired, under ‘certain conditions, which will prevent the abuses that might otherwise creep in. Your commission proposes to you to provide by law that a regulation, made and published by the government, shall declare under cnet circum- stances the warehousing of fish at St. Pierre shall be permitted, and the conditions which shall regulate warehousing. The fishery at the Grand Bank, without drying, decreases under the bounty of 30 francs. Not being able, however, to ask further sacrifices of the treasury, we wish to reanimate the outfit of these vessels, which it is so important to preserve, by other means. The third article stipulates that the bounty on the crew shall be paid but once during the season, even if the vessel should make several voyages. This wise disposition pre- vents the possibility of baving the same men ‘counted twice in the same year. This same article prohibits the payment of the bounty to any men but those who have arrived at the maritime enrolment through the gradations required by law, or to those who, having been inscribed therein, con ditionally, ‘shall not have attained the age of twenty-five previously to the date of sailing. The men who have passed the age of twenty-five without being classed—that is to say, without having made three voyages—are less easily trained to the habits of the sea. ‘The profession of a mariner is one which must be adopted while young; and if the bounties were ac- corded to men of above twenty-five years, and not classed, the law would fail in one of iis most important ends—that, paniely; of creating a class of men poiecinlli suitable for enrolment in the navy, It is right and fit, therefore, that the projected law should exclude such men from the receipt of the bounty. , The fourth article requires that, in order to obtain the bounty, the cod shall be in fit condition for consumption as food. This provision of the law cannot but obtain general approbation. ‘The fifth article admits simple coasters to the right of camry ng codfish, and receiving the boun- 598 ANDREWS REPORT ON ties allowed on the exportation of the same to ports and markets. This right is accorded by the laws now existing. At present the law permits every mariner who shall have made five fishing voyages on the coasts of Iceland, the two last as an officer, to be deemed capable of com- manding a fishing vessel in the same seas. The sixth article of the government project abrogates this privilege, and reserves the command of such vessels exclusively to captains in foreign voyages, and the masters of coasters; this provision to date from January 1, 1852. The chamber of commerce at the port of Dun- kirk, where vessels are specially fitted out for the Iceland fishery, has protested strongly against this provision. Its adoption—so they say— would act runmously on the Iceland fishery. Of one hundred and twenty vessels annually sent to sea, fifteen, at most, are commanded by the masters of coasters, who quit that hard and laborious navigation when they find an occasion to take command of merchant vessels. In truth, it is our opinion messieurs, that the difficulties of the Icelandic fisheries require practical experience, and the endurance of privations of all kinds to which mariners, who have become masters of fishing craft, are accustomed from their childhood, and we are of opinion that it is not advisable to deprive these devoted and gallant men of the hope of reaching a station which more experienced mariners are for the most part indifferent to acquire; and in order to reconcile the security of navigation with the facilities required by commercial interests, and asked for by a whole class of sailors, we propose to you to suppress all conditions with reference to date, and to add to the first article these words: ‘if he shall prove himself to have such knowledge of his pro- fession as will be sufficient for the security of navigation.”” A miuniste- rial decree of 1840 has already made an examination of masters of fishing vessels obligatory ; the new law will only confirm, by rendering legal, a usage already established. The fourth article reproduces the provisions of the tweifih article of the law of April 22, 1832, adding to it a provision by which the government will have the power of fixing the period during which each vessel shall remain on the fishing grounds. Your commission is of opinion that it is advisable such periods should be lawfully determined ; but while admitting the article, it desires that such period should be so limited as to throw no obstacle in the way of the fisherman’s operations, in regard to the bounties. SECOND HEAD. The second head of the project presented by the government relates to the salt to be used in the fisheries. Your commission, messieurs, has carefully examined the provisions under this head. It has examined many individuals representing the manufactures of the different kinds of salt, and several delegates from the outfitters of vessels interested in the matter ; and, after mature de- liberatioa, the commission has come to the opinion that, pending the existence of a special inquiry into the manutacture of salt, with which a committee by you appointed is at this moment engaged, it is our duty to strike out of a special law on fisheries, any propositions which might thereafter be modified by general legislation. We limit our- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 599 selves, therefore, to affirming the legislation which actually directs the use of the various kinds of salt to be employed in the curing of codfish, without anticipating, by any particular definition, the final conclusion at which the Assembly may arrive in regard to salt. We are the more convinced of the propriety of holding ourselves to this reservation, since the government has declared to us, since the presentation of the project, that it was its intention to strike out the exemption which the article seemed to insure to the codfish im- _ ported into France from the fishing places, and that it shall be neces- sary to prove, as well for such fish as for that exported to the colonies or foreign markets, that it was cured with salt of French manufacture, or with salt which had paid duty as at present. The second head is, therefore, merely a re-enactment of the law of 1848, which is useless. But you will agree with us, messieurs, that if the existing legislation on the character of the salt should be modified unfavorably to the cod-fishing interests, the scale of bounties which we have calculated on deductions from facts now existing, must be estab- lished proportionably to the reduction which the augmentation of the duties of salt may occasion. Upon the foregoing report the National Assembly of France passed the law therein mentioned on the 22d July, 1851, which was officially published on the 22d August last. This law provides that from the first day of January, 1852, until the 30th June, 1861, the bounties for the encouragement of the cod-fishery shall be as follows: BOUNTIES TO THE CREW. 1. For each man employed in the cod-fishery, (with drying,) whether on the coast of Newfoundland, at St. Pierre and Miquelon, or on the Grand Bank, 50 francs. 2. For each man employed in the fisheries in the seas surrounding Iceland, without drying, 50 francs. 3. For each man employed in the cod-fishery on the Grand Bank, without drying, 30 francs. s : 4. For each man employed in the fishery on the Dogger Bank, 15 rancs. BOUNTIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE FISHERIES. 1. Dried cod, of French catch, exported directly from the place where the same is caught, or from the warehouse in France to French colonies in America or India, or to the French establishments on the west coast of Africa, or to trans-atlantic countries, provided the same are landed at a port where there is a French consul, per quintal met- rique, egual to two hundred and twenty and a half pounds avoirdupors, twenty francs. 2. Dried cod, of French catch, exported either direct from the place where caught, or from ports in France, to European countries or for- eign States within the Mediterranean, except Sardinia and Algeria, per quiutal metrique, sixteen francs. 600 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 3. Dried cod, of French catch, exported either to French colonies in America or India, or to trans-atlantic countries, from ports in France, without being warehoused, per quintal metrique, sixteen francs. 4. Dried cod, of French catch, exported direct from the place where caught, or from the ports of France, to Sardinia or Algeria, per quintal metrique, twelve francs. i i BOUNTY ON COD LIVERS. 5. Cod livers which French fishing vessels may bring into France as the product of their fishery, per quintal metrique, (twenty francs.) From the foregoing state of bounties, it will be seen that there are some grounds for the fears entertained by the fishermen of New Eng- land, that the cod caught by the French at Newfoundland will be in- troduced into the principal markets of the United States, with the ad- vantage of a bounty of twenty francs on the French quintal metrique, which is two hundred and twenty and a half pounds avoirdupois, very nearly equal to two dollars per American quintal of one hundred and twelve pounds—a sum almost equal to what our fishermen obtain for their dried fish when brought to market. In order to show the extent to which the French prosecute their deep- sea fisheries, the following returns are presented. They are translations from the official returns annexed to the report of the commission of the National Assembly, and have, therefore, the highest official authority. / 601 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ELS “11(668°eH 198 909 ‘OT L6L‘8e|Foe GBI: T1360 6hIPSE teavetitoe’ 1alre6 LGL* T1099 ‘87/98 GPG IT SSL OMLLE GOO! TT G66 | 8h 688 LG TI ro" TE tear c. Sica oe ce porce le Pubes | 3 fee) . | GQ ae | Sezer |) | “B[°{O,T, e@eeerleeoeelse ees bee! VE | TD eeseeleee sien ee * Siar leaee* * Re eer P6L‘L 6 | 69 | IPsP‘T igco’s per Eee ee cea Gi T 6S1‘8 Osage s Tm Ses, Sees Oe T £99‘), pia NS oT YE 69'S %1S8!1¢ 6961 79‘) NS oN iT yun eal AUK) Be eee 5 5 a : 2 GQ oQ @ ® ‘yueg Jesdog *purlooy 68h IT Lo LEL“ 1169 986‘ITITL 168 ‘PL ZOL 89601 0L 6ES ‘SI LLL ‘S188 9E‘PLIOOL CQL ‘OT "eStUUO I, oe “aurdsp qno -YJIA ‘yueg purrs ‘OT 6II 9£8F1 0 a ie c1'G 990° L L9s‘T | ues‘9 6e5°G | I8L‘8 ore’t | LI6‘9 0 L°L | 918‘ BS0‘S GGL L j Ors 0gs'9 SFO‘T | ece‘s 696 ‘1 1Le‘t € GGG T- 16S" YATE Mh oyel a) ka! J fat) m “surArp YUM ‘purl Tg IfL (9% IOL (9f€ 6s (orl GLE 1c S GLI |LS9 99 OFT no een I9L jLS¢ Ose |T9I'T GGT j9L9. 606 |c9c‘T 2) 3 is) la ees |. -$ | ‘mopoubiyy CU Sa St i es -PpuNOJ Me NT JO epee PUNE pte eaves 1S pe eee | LLY ‘GS 6ET OL PLTEL ISL “OGLE LEL‘IGGPI | | IGGL ‘IGiSFIL R68‘ L IS8PFSlLST FOr IGLPL I8GB" OGI6FT | ‘00 ce 6Leel 809 TéSrl “estuuo J, “sd ‘purypunoy -MOhT JO 4SVOO eevee se GRIT pee ee ate (AAS) betes eameserhiesees Oh £2) | ss eeees+GogT 07 CERT wor ported oy} Jo UBaTAT ‘auasnjour Y109 ‘QERT Lvah ay? 02 SPAT 4Lwah ayy woLf hsaysif poo ayy sof dn papi sjassaa fo usnjoyy “AUAHSIA GOO AML “TL ‘ON *uveu [eNUUY eeseveeeaer “* LEST eee. Bee *“OPOT *“CPst ewsee eee “PPL eoeoereeven "EPRT eeoeceereeee “SPSL "SIRO X 602 ANDREWS’, REPORT ON | ® No. 2. The account of the sums paid as bounties to the crews of vessels employed in the cod fishery of France in the years 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, and 1847. Place of fishery. | 1842. | 1843. | 1844, 1845. 1846. 1847. SS | Franes. Francs. Francs. Francs. | Frances. | Francs. Coast of Newfoundland..; 323,650 | 307,850 | 311,500 | 333,500 | 333,300 | 369,900 St. Peter’s and Miguelon) 10,450 9. 600 | 17,509 3,050 2,550 3,300 Grand Bank, (dried fish); 89,250 66,250 | 63,450 82,400 | 107,000 | 102,600 51,780 58,410 | 49 ,320 43,410 42,360 | 35,520 heeled ceecer ots yaiscic'e's | gi, 200 62,950 | 75,600 66,150 72,900 | 72,700 Dogger Bank ..... Ac oye Se shoo 360 eee Mateus - - Beets 135 otal SS ea cnee | 526,330 | 505,420 | 517,370 | 528,510 | 558,110 | 584,155 | Frances. Annual mean of above six years....ee..0. Sia nafelaie etek (0 = sie ot-ien) tei eee soreeeee 536,649 DO sacs gis PROCEMIN GE POTIAG aa ae: seaanieiwie wives aide aynaynin in mee Se SS sweeeee 485,190 Potal paid Inthe year ISAGiS% 24 «se ee sy je Secae ois = « anle wie 0's saate staat eoacceee 531,110 Wat 2 s.dp ya 21. TSHOr SS eos oe 6 rice e oF iho Sina Seis oc ewe tee cue ee wee ois eee 905,275 Were es Olas (c=) A Sap s S a paecaratoe a euieiees Sacre 216 = aoe secesees 554,730 Annual mean of eight years—1842 to 1849... .ccecsscceseccsreccenecveneesss Od2,035 603 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 119 ‘SOT *[@}0} [B1ouax) G09 ‘FT 610‘? OLT 760‘T EO‘ 700'T 99 ‘T Ges“ LE6‘T IPS E86 C98 ‘shoq LOS ‘0% ys9‘é Lec ese 1 P10‘T BoC ‘T L9S‘T TSP‘ ‘spuey Uselr) a ye I ae a a LIP‘ 6S —— | TS ‘Ol cor ‘TROL 019 ‘FS L6S‘8 vee 1 C98 ‘PF EOL °S GS9'€ T80‘9 97S‘ L 108‘ vV6'T 101 C&S itera GI OIF 90 g90‘T "SISOYZO ‘usurveg| Ai0g ‘TeULveSs pu seoujo A}0g “GP8T 686 ‘TT 090‘S OLT ce0‘T | 6&8 *sjorid 1oyseur pue suivydey | GOL ‘GOT 168 ‘03 906°% 189‘ 2 £9L‘°S ion Gor ‘OT GRO ‘ST 886 ‘91 199 ‘F 668 ‘2. 166‘9 i SS I i eee “[ejO} [BLeuUse+) GOI ‘FT 9€6‘S LAD G00 T 866 | 080 1 orc T coe T ere I 66S c&8 E66 ‘sLog Le6 ‘ST een ‘s Sgr 6S1‘T P86 | coe 1 GPS‘ 1 SFL ‘G R91‘ 196 SLY ‘T Gen. “‘spuey Uecairy 189° LG LOY ‘OT 08h ‘I P6P ‘TV P1O‘¢ OIL'S 0669 966‘ L 9RT ‘OI 6ES ‘% SLOP 668‘S LR GPS‘g Lge‘T OLa‘F GGL ‘S €19 6 106‘S LUE TE GEL ‘6 907% 996‘¢ PP8‘E Cll eee ole: y "SIQOUJO ‘uaurveg | A130g ‘usulves pur siooyjo A0g “TP8T 966‘ TL ia eles 09's eM, 1@I‘s LOT 960 ‘T ‘sjoyid 19jseur pue sureyde9g i i se ee ay? 02 OFRT wah ay mosf sound fo sjartasip aUrprspU JDLadas OY) We hanu ay) 1of hizyonuup pajjosua suosaad samsnjour ‘QGRT Lvah ‘€ “ON CROC CLO oy aq (or) eoeosee se*--guuo0dhtg ec tne eee oe *xnvoplog eosceeoese yloyoyooy vee ee eens oo sea BN We eo werel ees SATO EST ecswce +? TIBAIOG 40 sei ie pxewete’S sie Soe ecteoeees ** GINOGIIYO ond ee ose s8) wero ABET eoececsteovee “yryung —— "SPOLIISIC] fo saqunu ay) fo ULnjory ANDREWS’ REPORT ON a ee a ' } | | . LOB"B0L | SLL‘FT | STF‘ 0s | S6G°G9 | Lee‘LG | TL6‘S | T90‘TT | G90°L0T | vEL‘FT | LeT‘Os | Bst‘T9 | seo‘9S | EET‘s | 0¢0°T | | te eeeeeeeerrmoy 108 ‘0% 16S | SOs | LPOIL | ee6‘s | str*e °| 9g6°6 | S09‘0c ceo‘s | 696‘ | OOS‘OT | zgz‘s | Ero's ¢ —_—— ——_—_—_ | a | a | IL6‘S OSI CCE TLC 3G “uO]NOT, 60h ‘G 19f G&S Tegra s eer To err Gui GLE S 9ST 6IS 9¢6‘T | SII‘T- | 801 Pe pes sos ee aes 660'8 LIG B0S'T | GBF | BLgth | Bs PLO‘T | 190‘8 PEO T | GLG'T |. 06% | GOFF | BSG © | PEO'T cco tte ss -xneapsiog G0L‘9 OGT°T | cast | avec | t90°e | soe 682 198°9 WET | 10GT Oleg ONG 'Q0E . | eam, ict 3: ojayaom CEOS L LPO‘T | Spr‘t | @86°S | 8ER‘e | FFT Cie | aap 2h GO) Ser h | 6S G6 G- | SEL | BOTSD ccc somes 19F T60‘L | SE6‘OT 90L‘T | T9S‘T | 06¢‘9 | PHI‘o | OFF CHO. Tits t2 2s .0*-° ° 2 anata em la 6LO‘IT | e99‘T | g9c‘t | g9Ln‘9 | sog‘9 G06 GI =| OOF'T | €ILG | POOL | TAC'L | SPE | 898 | BLEGL | LUST | Gre's | PeB‘L | GSA | Gee | B96 frre ttt tt tuRAIOg Ag 69L ‘81 GP0'S | Sh9'F | 99G IT | S9G'OT | LOTT | GIL © | LOVIBE | L0G | OSG*F | UST‘TT | EOOCOT | LEO'T | OGL oo prtttt ttt to asoIg 066‘F VE9 6S8 798° | 699'S | SOI Gao | Veh | G82 | 968, ; | SIRS | Wee | WEL | OL Pest ess * cts Sumogiayg 606 LOL"L | €S6'T | S89'P | GPS" y || 98T 9961 | 19L8 | GEOL | 68B'T | VAG'Y | O8P'h | BEL | GOST ferrets ett oraeR 86g ‘9 6P8 sco'L | pIs'h | €TL‘* | TOL 6Iy = | W6E"9 «=| GHB S| GENT | HE0°H | G00'F | G8 GMa), ates een en eT eee er: | ni Re ee eee | 2g eee g at - | ‘STIOTTO BS 3 re | - "sTa0Ijo BG | ® - iS ‘[ejOJ, jpuewreg! Ayyog we @ = e ‘[8]0y, |uewreg) Ayog | 42S | os & Bact fh | SNigee | Pee, | RE Oh s aa Bex |2 7 ee | ee ae ey aa ‘uourvos pur srooyjo Ayjeg| 3 8 ay a ‘uoultes pur sisoyjo Ayog | & 5 “SOLIISIGY — . aa, = x TS | e pas eety e age as, | "PPST “EPS | sce eS Ra REE al ES er, = eae che a ee v *penuljuog—e ‘ON : 605 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Leo‘ Tit 96L ‘0B GOS '6 TS6°L GOL'9 BOF L O16 TK 66312 Gho'G C6r‘G £09 ‘9 *[@}0} [VIEUEX) PE9‘ST | PSE‘0S Lg9‘€ 081 PSL LIg‘T 166 PEGI GOB GPL‘ orl Ore‘ C68 ‘shog ak cea en tp re reo, 1) s61G 1 GEL 'T | FLOP GsI'T | 999'¢ Tge'I | 806‘E | per‘t | 9LL‘9 LE9‘G POG! L BLE*S | 288‘ST 0&8. | 88° r96°T | ST6 086 | LOE‘F a ® } =] *[810.7, ic a) 8 a it | 98¢‘t9 GI8°S | OL6‘II ‘OPT ene Oo Ed eh A tn PO Mn a lh 8 EN lt es gt eh dala tithes halascete epee cece ao Pa icp la Ne oR er cer bite ae BS en LL nee neta iS ge al ny SR. en ‘ponuljuoj—e ‘0 | { } P¥0‘6S Let ‘6 668 ‘T SIL'P LYS ‘Ss LEL'S 9869 969". 806° IT 089 °6 GOL 16 7 ore "SIOOUZO tmeurneg| 4739q 66'S 6E1‘S | Ger. | ace | | 6Ig | tor Orr | QLE “UNULBOS PUR SIOILO AIJOq €VL‘TL | 68a‘IIl 186 ‘@ ot *sjoyid 103 -stul 49 suieydey SS J OS | es ‘[2jOy, |uourvag| Ayog . *[R}O} [eIeUSy "syoyid 193 SPU 9 sulrydey eS EPO, eeeveeoed uoO[noO Y, coteoes ouUOARe ‘e's **xnveplog eoaeete pLOFOYIOY e@esedce °° "SOT UB AT ee es UO aT @erseeee *UBAIBG 49 Mada ihe ileal eb cee Seca S a IES aeeaeeen ** Sinoq19yO eeemwmoeee OLABLT eeswtee “yA UNG — ‘POLITIC Ne Ni I Con NP ere Ae gen ANDREWS’ REPORT ON. 606 ws, a 086 LT LIP ‘Gr PLG GG GLB'G 861 '8 GOP‘ L 916'L 601 ‘SI 96161 ree 068°6 610°L “[P}O} [BIeuery 866 ‘7 GIG LI6 ‘FG EPS'E G06 9L6°T 98h‘ T 667 ‘T ove’ L C6B€ coe’ O16 | LYL‘S tF0‘1 “‘spuey UsV0I4 i 9LL‘8S 66 ‘SI 18¢‘T GrO'SG 616‘ E61‘ 906‘ L I8l‘g 799 ‘SI 696°% LLO‘S 696‘F EOS GET ‘E9 PLL ‘OL R9f‘T 6LL‘Y BLS‘ C00‘F 16L°9 908° L IvP ‘OL CEL‘G €P6 ‘Py Shy’ "UOUITAG 16¢‘¢ SRL ‘S FIT £9 Ivé 881 GIP GLE | Sho 'T S16 Pel IG *SIBOLYO Ayjed ‘uotutas pur siooujo Ay0g “BP8I ger ‘TT PL0'S PLI 180‘T 9EL GEG T L60‘T L&6 718 GO9 186 ‘T OFY "sjojid 190} -Stul sureydey CVS‘ GG L69‘G G96‘ L OFt‘L G09‘ L 069 °TI T6r ‘ST 086 6G 91S 688" 6 668 °9 *[240} [ela 968 ‘LIT —_ | | OLL ‘OT OIL ‘€s | 90L‘99 6S1‘E SLL 696'T RBF ST ySé‘T gor T tol © 169'9 8s8 801% E76 eee | en | | EE | Re ‘ponunuoj—e ‘ON L6S‘ IT OFS ‘T 696‘F Ts G OrL ‘FT 960°L SII‘8 069°6I 886% OLL’S 86h 'F TASER "UdTUBIG "S10 YJO Ayeg ‘usUves pur sledqyo A}0g *sjoyid oq -STU Wg suIvjdeg oe [PI9.L + eeees yoMoy, ores guu0deg see esxnBSplog oo +* qrO;aNDOY Fe ee ee ssoqUR Ay ree qUaLIO. TT ** UBALIS “4C ween eee eaggic He «aioe Ferree rQiARTy eeoeveve ‘yILyung "SPLIT —_S--- 607 COLONIAL AND “LAKE TRADE. €9P ‘PEL EL8° 8% 016.6 6r9°L OPL SL OLI‘S 88F ‘GI C00 ‘FT G99 SG GLOSS LGO‘OT Lg8°9 *[2JO} [e1suex GLOLT | OFF ‘PS | OFI‘STL 009‘ | 166° | TeO‘ST CIS 96L LiL ot Geo | SIO'T | Geg'y 1s¢'1 GIGS | TEL’t 83801 | 88ST | 8L6'F LEE'G Tie T. .e0e G06 I Ivy's | BIv‘s 896°6 | 916°L | GLO‘FT G89 E18 LE6‘S cH Tl Stns. 91a s 6S6 C06 GES‘ GEL ‘SO 6126‘ 01 C9 ‘FP 1r8‘é G60‘7 $86‘9 670‘8 G68 ‘SI 6IL‘S 9L0°S 80P ‘P 796°C Gr0‘'S Ul LEG 08% 981 PEE 69 Wie 806 OVI PSL *SIOOUJO GOR‘ IT 196‘G Se VIL‘ ‘sqoyid Joqseur pue suiezdey ClO VG | SSI" Fi ITE se CLOGS O16 7. (ees § C98°S VEG 6L8 L6G‘ L LOL GT6‘T OIF ‘SL 096°T | caS‘T P86'L T60‘T | 69P‘T L806 O68‘T | 096‘T cOS‘s LYE‘ L P&G R91‘ GLO‘T "[2j0} [Riaua+y *penuuoy)-—¢ ‘ON *"spury usdly 686 ‘69 0S6 ‘GI 986 ‘1 199 PERE ROG FP QPI ‘2 SPL‘8 699‘ET 606°C 60L‘S GES‘ F ese ee LOF ‘£9 OFS ‘OI 69F ‘T GIL‘P 08s‘s G60 'P 6SL‘9 69L‘L Ol Ol 69° 9L6‘P GIP‘ Se ee gIg‘s OIL'S Diehi GPS Pre 98 686 SLE eset T O1G Ss OGT "SIDOTIFO ‘uourtag| Az}0g ‘uotves pure sia0qo Ay\0g 1@9‘ I GEI‘E 1gt LOL O9L £56 ‘I LOL‘T 866 GES 6LS C66 ‘T OPP *sjoyid 1aqsevul pue surezdeg eeereee eeee ete ree: 29) TUIOT, e@eraceoeee "uo[naT, eeeeweevrse eee e “auuodug coos ee “xnveplog **q10JayoOY dio 0 Peete ol SOG UE NT Heres aero STE MUNA agg? Bs Waker ees UREA 19 AS Ne eects oo en es astne + Peo F MOU) at ee ras Ogee fal ws hoi Sido ote ee aT *SJOLI4SICY 608 - ANDREWS’* REPORT ON - No. 4.—Return of the quantity of dried cod exported direct from the place — where caught to the colonees of France, with the rate and amount of bounty paid ther econ, in the years 1842 to 1850, inclusive. Twachal US PHL Py Se a | | ’ ee Es RHO ihe Pee: | a f 3 = | Pee. | ee 4 Years. BAS 65 | LS | 1S Geol Ss See i Be bor 25 2 | ao | 5 Ba 3° 3 5 | bs z a= | 4 | < < Franes| Kilogrammes. | Francs. Kilogrammes. REA iietay Secs eiaiete is Gieiatts =e > ae 83] 22 6,366,042 | 1,400,529 .30 76,669. Arita ares os cucieisies 6 ict nye cas on 110+} 22 7,943,377 1,747,542 .94 72,213 RSE Piece wlatetec = c)stars + SARA anne < 88 | 22 7,591,477 1,669,684 .94 86,380 WS Beiioie cies a'ssteeioin esters esis ee oil nel | AOS Ree 9,538,033 2,098,367 .26 79 , 483 CLO SS BG Aenea oopoGdordan ans LS 22 9,869,153 2,171,313 .61 92,443 DBT oe ieie © = ena) Sree =\vetelekenintsaeue 126 | 22 9,366,996 | 2,051,760 .72 74,150 Motallesia og susteteo ee elo ite oe St OS RS aie 90,675,078 | 11,139,098.82 481,368 Anwiaal average. ../jcce ons. bins LO cere oy | 8,445,846 1,856,516 .33 80 , 228 Average of preceding period. . Ne ere : 6,466,024 | iy 808, 099.94; 104,234 TBAB aes teens 2 Ga brs emiecirerehs 84} 22 |. 5,838,692 | 1,284,512.35 68,508 MSO ie retereere ctern\ ove on ie veers eee 91} 22 5,275,637 ie 1,160, 640.14 57,974 PSU Satelaciocncclzlalve-aie'e Siswiaotae -ape LOL oh toe 5,944,399 | 1,219,767.86 51,816 Average of 8 years—1842 to 1849, 102 |......) 7,723,550 ih 1,698,030.35 76,100 No. 0.—Return of the quantity of dried cod of French catch exported from the warehouse in France to French colonies, in the years 1842 to 1850, wmclusive, and the amount of bounty paid thereon. eee eee | Me | om | . “= IBS ge ence % re =| jas! 3 ee ||. ae Ele h2B) 2 5% cat ae Years. (one te S6e la Ss Slee E38 og By i QE ° =) os > ARR cpt |e Decrease. ASAD, oc s.nGeee st DES MESSE ee Ne eed Rts veeel 135499, 502 to -».193 5-6 4- eRe os bi erereicets duc ao Rates Pe ate Oatale et hice Se oe eee 39,668,686 616 , ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement showing the valuation, area, and population to the square mile in. 1850, with the indebtedness of the several States in 1851. ® 2) Valuation. s So a n a oo States. 2 s e Soe Assessed True or esti- ‘35 fg 2 ‘a value. mated value. y a oo Spas do... 161,000,000 AA co's Oa ins of 0 70,840,000 ESO ER a ee een pounds. 236,843,000 | 3 40 per pound 8,052, 662 WGAECO sos ance oo cets soc ncc'ee. do... 283,000, 000 O2'.% a ae 16,980,000 Du LOS 2S eee nee ear do...| 1,290,000,000 10; . -| *129,000,000 DOS ee aS Ee ee GD aia 58, 067,000 o0e, 29 ,033,500 Peds ei OCOTAS ssi cisec ein 2 ass 0:0 bushels. 10,141,000 ey per Soir 8,112,800 TRS IAEOES «Fs. fF ode one's a's dow... 97,500,000 “600. 3 73,125,000 SWEEPS POLALOES 6-01 e/a eis een sees s do... 42,085, 060 50. «otis Ocs valor 33, 668,000 Damier a oid sib ia eX «latn'n 5 208 GO... 9,683, 000 60. 3. doe... 3,409,800 Prey Gaeta. aisloete Bee Sas oss do... 9,900,000 Sin) ois @AO le alors 4,950,000 MOREE Marine DEUCE, 1AT- bcd is-vajjei o fos avis. Sesayn CS oles bEAib lad eld SIA alavereal Fania fo ahs Os 10,000,000 Te gia gin seh do's ph ne. 80 ou gallons. 1,000,000 50 per gallon 500,000 Weelteioc pronice of market @ardens. ©. 1, .'olsc 0500's ginsie'« dana’ 9.90 0 20.0 00 ace.e 30, 000, , 000 PRMeeE ty atten ise sl « la leeiele va: pounds. 344,592,000 20 per pound 68, 918, 409 Ee, ee er dip i... 116,088,000 Dae e (Cone 6, 964, 280 EN Aieceeatetete edie aicie| © ora ciaivelocn cm, 5 tons.. 15,222,000 | 12 50 per ton... 190,275,000 Clover and other grass seeds....bushels. 974,380 | 5 00 per bushel 4,871,900 Flaxseed :: 21.6. cia sine celebs eis dO. 8,487,500 | 1 30....do.... 11,033,750 Paps 2% ost NE eno ne wane pounds. 4,231,000 17 per pound 719,270 Nee elen alacle a asthe ears «ste tons.. 39,000 |136 00 per ton... 5,304,000 IPR he cae seaiees os.. MELEE pounds. 15, 420,000 6 per aaa 925,200 WNL Ne soe cts Bacio nga t oop iad bbare, arg do... 39,675,000 ieee uate 1,983,750 CRMC REA. wiols an e's 0 6 cajnjeb oge.s ss SORE 272,339 ,000 Ao ios 2 hOlens 10,893,000 Mialarsess. Fes lek edt. tars gallons. 13,970,000 25 per gallon 3,442,500 Beeswax and honey ..........6. pounds. 16,500,000 20 per pound 3,750,000 PATE MEP AE CEC 5, o)n/as ada 085. clciayaists|a)'9 2)0\q'0n)0 36. 91 on ein ale) alae atediwisial elena oy 133,600,000 IE APR AG tete aiers aoe: sic cuet cine clots! a aie > o)'eye|as 0.9/8. 60% agers vo feels eehays eta ats naLenciale 20 ,000, 000 Ea PACI Aa tele isp as sasid « Ch a dbiee Aaah a aes fo PE bl dot aR B Rey. 2,000,000 TA ABA ESN aee i ty apt eves’ = aca the iaepnia boar ese lo. de a4 sonny Sich ha slocai sehen’ Sint sare 25,000,000 Residuum of crops not consumed by stock}.........00¢ dette) apes oyna 5] @'ai a3 ane 2 110, 000, 000 angel imerease OF IYG-MOEK'). vis. ae 2P es tledv cinta sleldslaieedoeesweace ob. 167, 750, 000 Total annual product’ns of agriculture]...........- el eile teers ogilial of pes) ot 5 1,752,583 ,042 «” The price stated may be too high, and the quantity underrated. OE sae AA OMIG ois yoni ole wis cela a ous Clogs Shas six estate wea als 6: divas. is Sec - ++ $3,914, 864,000 Three-fourths of the value of live stock........... Ae aco ne Paar ae 503,250,000 Valine of farmpimplenpnts, cers). ceceagertgee 6 side 2058 « koe vb GEe dveld bade oa ~ 181,250,000 Total capital employed in agriculture..... ovevescssee sevecees 4,599,364, 000 620 ¥ ANDREWS’ REPORT ON REMARKS UPON THE AGRICULTURAL TABLE. 1. The crop year of 1849, to which the returns of the seventh census apply, was reported nearly all over the country as a season of “ short crop.” Investigations undertaken by State legislatures and agricultural societies prove that the ageregate production of wheat reported in the census tables was below the average by at least 30,000,000 of bushels. That amount has been added to form a basis of comparison for ascer- taining the crop of the past year, as given in the foregoing table. 2. The quantity of tobacco assumed as the production of 1852, ex- hibits an increase of more than forty per cent. on that of 1849. This result is ascertained from commercial statements and circulars, the accuracy of which there is no reason to question. 3. The cotton crop in 1852 is estimated at 3,225,000 bales of the average weight of 400 pounds, and the average price for the year is assumed at ten cents per pound. The quantity will probably exceed that given in the table. Able statistical writers have made calculations showing the probability of such an increase in the production of this great staple as will bring up the crop of 1860 to 1,720,000,000 pounds. 4. The census returns of 1850 showed a small decrease of the potato crop as compared with 1840. This was owing to the disease called the potato rot. That disease is said to be disappearing, and it is con- sidered safe to assume the production of the past year as about equal to what it would have been, had no such cause of retrogression occurred during the course of the late decennial term. o. The census tables undoubtedly present an estimate of the wine crop very far below the truth. In the State of Ohio the vintage of 1849 yielded more than the whole quantity assigned to the United States. Since that year, numerous vineyards along the Ohio, in Mis- sourl, and elsewhere—some of them of large extent—have been brought into a condition to add largely to the production of the country in this article. California and New Mexico, also, reported as producing more than a quarter of all the wine of the United States, must become fertile Wine districts. : 6. The value of the produce of market gardens is much understated in the census returns. The class of produce coming under this desig- nation includes the whole of some highly important crops, as beets, turnips, carrots, onions, parsnips, melons, tomatoes, besides numerous minor productions which are separately of small account, but collect- ively amount to a very large sum. The estimate in the table isa moderate one. 7. The price of hay in New York at the end of the year 1852, was between twenty-five and thirty dollars per ton. But the quantity of this bulky article entering into the trade of the country is relatively so small, and the expense of its transportation to a market is so consider- able in comparison with its original value, that the arbitrary sum of $12 50, or less than half the selling price in New York, hag been as- sumed as the average in the country at large. 8. The item of the value of hides and peltries is a very important one, amounting doubtless to many millions of dollars; but it is pre- sumed to be included in the value of animals slaughtered. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 621 9. The estimates for poultry, feathers, milk, and eggs, of which arti- cles no returns are found in the census tables of 1850, may seem to many extravagant; but the gross amount is equa! to an average of only some twelve or fifteen dollars to each farming establishment in the United States, and is undoubtedly very considerably within the truth. 10. Too high an importance has been sometimes attached to the residuum of crops as an integral part of the agricultural wealth of the United States. In official tables heretofore published, the value of such portions of the produce of the field and forest as are not susceptible, in the usual course of trade, of a transfer to market, and must be con- sumed on the farm, has been given at one hundred millions of dollars. But it should be remembered that by far the greater part of this value has been already expressed in that of live stock, by which nearly the whole of itis consumed. It would obviously answer no good purpose to give prominence to what has been thus disposed of as an independ-_ ent item in our annual productions. But straw, corn-husks, and some other substances which come under this classification, are extensively used in the minor manufactures of the country, and will bear the valu- ation assigned to them in the table. -§22 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The following statements show the number of manufacturing establishments in the United States, the amount of raw materials used, the capital in- vested, and the total value of products, according to the census of 1850. Names of States. No. of estab-| Value of raw | Capital invested. | Value of annual lishments. materials. products. Maine... .ecesssccceeccee 3,977 $13,555,806 $14,700,452 $24,664,135 New Hampshire........ 3,211 12,745,466 18,242,114 23,164,503 Vermont. ¢. cs... ssseee oc 1,849 4,172,552 5,001,377 — 8,570,920 Massachusetts ........-. 8,259 85,856,771 83,357,642 151,137,145 DO 45 203% wok fisheries... BOD “Leche ceva eetadbeady or 5,082,650 6,606,849 Connecticut .....csceee: 3,482 23,989 , 397 23,589,397 45,110,102 - DOLE LSS fisheries De eis ganas acres 1,986,300 2,004,483 Mews Vari .ccise'ss. 202. cia 23,553 134,655,674 99,904,405 237,597,249 New Jersey ..--s.seeeees 4,108 21,992,186 22,184,730 39,713,586 Bogert fisheries NOMS a ais sel e, oss mcausten gone 109,678 140,050 Pennsylvania.........-. 21,595 87, 206,377 94,473,810 155,044,010 Delany are cise Are ya'o aehaiens 531 2,864,607 2,978,945 4,649,296 Maryland ........+...6- 3,708 17,326,734 14,753,143 32,477,702 Virginia ..+-ccssccseees 4,741 18,103, 433 18,108,793 29,592,019 North: Carolina. <<... 2,604 4,805, 463 7,252,245 9,111,245 South Carolina.......... 1,431 2,809 ,534 6,060,565 7,076,077 PUG CONIC e oie) aleicte,’s/ejsie! «fe alloye'a'e el aioce el sl lesire'e life viorteselsienatel a) clcuelaraete abe acu ade 6,704,132 PIN Tea Ha Se est ’s, Sib be'ais 89 WSS eye eke sretecoe, 6 es 101,625,533 16,649,108 6 10 PSE eval aceyaisie sions 111,660,561 17,069,453 6 54 Loci bs Wes ooo sek 103,636,236 17,612,507 5 88 NSAP etre acts uae 91,799,242 18,155,561 5 05 Nine mos.to June-30, 1843 . . 2. sc.c0 cco 77,686,354 18,698,615 415 Year to June 30...... Ee See 995031, 094 19,241,670 517 Ue) oer cing oe 98,455,330 19,784,725 4 97 BSAC crt atars 2a oe eleie 101,718,042 20,327,780 5 00 OA (; Sore oa cegetenera = 150,574,844 20,870,835 1 21 cule PR nay ral 130,203,709 21,413,890 6 08 NSS saa tojetee 8 alevaue 131,710,081 21,956,945 6 00 REDO s, itevera sein ai eeee 134,900,233 23,246,301 5 80 SEL AD Eason 178,620,138 24,250,000 7 36 152 wis sa e0 a velo 154,930,947 25,000,000 6 19 * Employed in manufactures—613,000 males, 214,000 females. ¢ 624 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Per cent. increase of domestic exports. Years. Amount. Per cent. increase. =a ee Pea eee ee PEG 5). ea al prea ae $43,671,894) | to 34+ ROTO son shew ce DS eee shone cach te 58,524,878 < to 94 3-54 Pe eI, REM R ERS e e eeae o Cee 113,895, 634 to 20 1-5+ W850. be ae ls agi hatin did tera tn arises degstpars-siers 136,946,912 | Exports of domestic produce for several years, with amount to each ndwidual. & Years. Amount. Population Amount to each indi- vidual. NGI is accinererniacereinw iniene we $58 , 524,878 12,866,520 $4 54 10-12+ TSAO esd cles os evan pteleisn 113,895,634 17,069, 453 6 67 2-94 1BB0% Seis ie 0-0 sichetefialelfeleys 136,946,912 23,119,504 5 92 1-34 The preceding table has never been published ; it shows that the ex- ports have doubled, per capita, with an increase of the population of about two hundred and forty per cent. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 625 Statement exhibiting the value of foreign merchandise imported, re-exported, and consumed, annually, from 1821 to 1851, inclusive, and also the esti- mated population and rate of consumption, per capita, during the same perwod. Value of foreign merchandise. j Years ending— | September 30 9 m’ths to June 30, Year to June 30.....1844 Imported. $62,585,724 83,241,541 77,579,267 80,549,007 96,340,075 84,974,477 79,484,068 88,509,824 74,492,527 70,876,920 103,191,124 101,029,266 108,118,311 126,521,332 149,895,742 189,980,035 140,989,217 113,717,404 162,092,139 107,141,519 127,946,177 100,162,087 64,753,799 108,435,035 117,254,564 121,691,797 146,545,638 154,998,928 147,857,439 178,138,318 993,419,005 252,613,982 | Re-exported | i | | | | $21,302,488 | 22,286,202 | 27,543,622 | 95,337,157 | 39,590,643 | 24,539,612 | 23,403,136 | 21,595,017 16,658,478 14,387,479 | 20,033,526 24,039,473 19,822,735 93,312,811 | 20,504,495 21,746,360 | 21,854,968 | 12,452,795 17,494,525 18,190,312 | 15,499,081 11,721,538 6,552,697 | 11,484,867 15,346,830 11,346,623 8,011,158 | 91,132,315 | 13,088,865 | 14,951,808 91,743,293 17,273,341 | Consumed and on hand. $41,283,236 60,955,339 50,035,645 55,211,850. 63,749,432 60,434,865 56,080,932 66,914,807 57,834,049 56,489,441 83,157,598 76,989,793 88,295,576 103,208,521 129,391,247 168,233,675 119,134,255 101,264,609 144,597,607 88,951,207 112,447,096 88.440,549 58,201,102 96,950,168 101,907,734 110,345,174 138,534,480 133,866,613 134,768,574 163,186,510 901,675,712 195,339,941 | } LA Lae ee eee ee ee | | Population. | | 9,960,974 10,283,757 | 10,606,540 | 10,929,323 11,252,106 | 11,574,889 | 11,897,672 | 12,920,455 | 12,543,238 12,866,020 | 13,286,364 13,706,707 14,127,050 14,547,393 14,967,736 15,388,079 15,808,422 16,228,765 16,649,108 17,069,453 17,612,507 18,155,561 18,698,615 19,241,670 19,784,725 20,327,780 | 20,370,835 21,413,890 21,956,945 23,246,301 24,250,000 24,500,000 ga Consumption, per capita. He OV te Or Or Ol OF Total imports consumed in the United States for several years, with amount to each mdwidual. Year. co) eee eerie lio: | opty aeee poet aA ses, 5 bale AGA Sse SASS Sidhe Bes Amount. | 449,575,099 | 4072141,519 | 164034;033 Population. 12,866,520 17,069, 453 23,119,504 ————————— ess Amount to each individual. 626 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The preceding returns, and those which immediately follow, are pre- sented to illustrate the chief object of the report, which is to show the value of the productions, and the rapid increase of the inland inter- changes between different parts of the thirty-one States, and the im- portance of this inland trade. | Itis a natural characteristic of the North American people, influenced by that stern spirit of co-operation which has so signally contributed to their present high position, to examine with interest the results of their labor as exhibited in the advancement of its material or intellectual strength. With the progress of the former, whether of commerce, manufacture, or agriculture, there will be a corresponding increase of a taste for literature, art, and the sciences. It is gratifying to observe that no one interest outstrips any other interest, and that 1f one section of the Union is prosperous, there is a corresponding improvement in another section; and, in contemplating the happy state of the confederacy, we are proud to believe that ‘there has never been imagined any mode of distributing the produce of in- dustry, so well adapted to all the wants of man, on the whole, as that of letting the share of each individual depend in the main on that indi- vidual’s own energies and exertions.” ; Doubtless, the successful application of so just a principle is chiefly owing to two causes—the periect equality and protection of labor, and that prohibitory clause in the constitution preventing any State from levying taxes on the produce of another State; and although it has delegated to Congress the regulation of the “commerce with foreign nations and among the several States,’ the federal legislature has wisely leit the latter totally unfettered and tree. Since the publication of Mr. Walker’s celebrated report in 184748, in which he estimated the internal trade of the country at three thou- sand millions, already mentioned, various causes, obvious to all, have conspired to greatly extend its area by increased facilities, and increased its value. The railroads have increased from five thousand five hundred miles, costing about one hundred and sixty-six millions, to thirteen thousand three hundred miles, costing four hundred millions. The imports and exports have increased from three hundred to over four hundred millions; the tonnage, inward and outward, from 6,700,703 to 10,591,045 tons; the tonnage owned, from 2,859,000 to 4,200,000 tons. The receipts into the treasury, exclusive of loans, have increased from twenty-six to over forty-nine millions; and the California trade, the whole of which does not appear in the published returns—the com- mercial phenomena of a commercial age—have also added a hundred millions to the national commerce, and, more than any event of the last forty years, have invigorated the navigating interest of the coun- try, and to a great degree had a powerful influence over the commer- cial marine of the world; the whole contributing to swell the internal trade, and enabling the United States to own more than two-fitths of the tonnage of the world. The inland trade moves in a circle: a larger part of the imports are made at the North, which pass to the South and the West—a greater COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 627 part to the latter; while the southern States furnish the chief bulk and amount of exports. The imports and exports, and tonnage inward and outward, of the principal commercial or Atlantic States, for the years 1825, 1840, and 1851, were as follows: Imports. States. 1825. 1840. 1851. Massachusetts.....eseeee petaletelsieatel stetate Be STIL] 908,811. 486 | $86,599,858 | 4190,260,290 New York. ..-eeseseeee a ekeleisieiopets a\isieyersi | Pennsylvania. ......+eeeeeee oe cop wie ote oie Maryland. ...... ssscccseccccsccccccees Virginia ...ccceeccccsscccases Staten a chevey< North Carolina..... aieisiavsisisnieisiay kas node Ee 20] 42,288,001 Louisiana ....cceccseccrces Beococe s600C Alabama...... sae see Se Seleiel oiakesiaieveiai Florida .. 2. .ccccscewece Kontos ates ais Total from all States......... ainsi?! IO. a40 0100) TAOTSI5 14> 216,224,932 27,009,185 | 23,250,271 Exports. States. 1825. 1840. 1851. Massachusetts ee eee ete ee ee 2000 @ @evceceoce h eeeeoeeesees eee e888 & S@eeoevvenvn e208 uae pietalelactalslclelcelciclelalceiatelsicrsiete $31,018,734 936, 412,349 $85 , 238 , 833 PEAR iy vA Algae) al eine sie, «en 0/6 sie'e: v' eens c/s) Maryland. ......ccsseeses aiuiris| et ehsc/n!s) ehays Virginia. 600 ces cree ncvcccccsccesvece North Carolina ......... socsaeseaadhod h Carolina... eee eee Pere GT, Fae eesiiguei ats ics mae 34,525,505 | 80,269,078 | 109,843, 194 DCSE TLE AA Beha ta ee a REL GEielals fa hal rotor? ie 0 Poe ele aerahevce-erels Beiitcks trek brainy abl tat eSiccrclesside's © Seis ajiodceleve © - 66,944,745 113,895, 634 196,689,718 628 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Tonnage inward and outward. l 1825. 1840. 1851. States. Inward. | Outward. | Inward. | Outward. | Inward. | Outward. —<——— Maine ee sce < eee i) New Hampshire.... Massachusetis...... Rhode Island....... Connecticut ........ | IWews Mork! ci. e/ey. 4 | | Pennsylvania....... J Maryland .......... | GRANT A RO ac | | 696,097 | 684,398 [1,599,859 |1,396,194 Dee: 3,491,786 North Carolina. .... South Carolina. .... a = | Es Goorin ise bdad ( 267,388 | 355,492 602,305 865, 859 | 717,909 $95,875 IMs Gie Amedeo | | It is stated in another part cf the report, that the resolution of the Senate referred to the trade of the lakes, and as the trade of the Mis- sissippi valley would be justly entitled to a separate report, only gen- eral statements would be given. The intimate connexion between the trade of the lakes and the Mis- Sissipp1 river, and the construction of various lines of railroads and canals to facilitate the transportation from the river to the lakes, and from the lakes to the river, the circuit made by the chief articles of im- ports and exports, the importance of the basin of the rivers Ohio, Mis- souril, and Mississippi, the increasing value of the exports of the southern portion of the confederacy, particularly to the navigating interest of the North, render it necessary, however, to notice the chiet outlets of the national products, as well as the chief inlets for the produce of other countries. Although the materials are not at hand to give the account in detail, it is hardly necessary to state that no report on the internal commerce would be acceptable to other portions of the confederacy if it failed to notice the commercial importance of the Southern Atlantic States, and their great commercial interests. The advantages to be derived from the facilities now enjoyed by the travelling public, and for the transportation of produce, are of a mgher character than the additions they make to the wealth of the country. In case of an unfortunate war, particularly with a maritime power, by which our commerce with the ocean might be impeded, the means of intercommunication afforded by the rivers, canals, lakes, and railroads would still be enjoyed, and the domestic trade and commerce continue to be comparatively unmolested. As great interest is now manifested as to what portion of the trade of the valley of the Mississippi shall seek a southern market, the fol- lowing notes, prepared in part by Mr. Mansfield, of Cincinnati, will be found very useful and interesting by those engaged in that portion of the western trade. ‘The line of separation referred to in these notes, COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 629 as dividing the northern from the southern trade, is by no means fixed or stationary, but varies from year to year, affected by prices in differ- ent markets, rates of freight, &c.—the general tendency, probably, being to the southward. NOTES ON THE AMOUNT AND TENDENCY OF OHIO COMMERCE. The competition between the southern, or river route, and the north- ern,-or lake route, to the ocean, has become so strong in the western States as to excite much interest as to the dividing line which separates the legitimate trade of the lakes from that of the rivers. It is desirable to know what portion of the country is best accommodated by the northern, and what by the southern route ; and also to know something of the character of the articles which make up the principal trade of the different channels respectively. This is at first sight a difficult question, because the lakes, and the public works connected with them, are closed for a portion of the year, during which the trade tends southwardly. But there is a certain method of i determining it. Taking, for example, the arrivals and clear- ances at the extremities on the lake and on the Ohio river, and then comparing the result with the receipts and clearances at the imierme- diate ports, it will at once appear at what points the stream, southward or northward, terminates. First, then, to take the leading articles of groceries which depart from Cincinnati and Toledo, and arrive at . Various points on the Miami canal, we have as follows: 1. Miami Canal, 1851. Cincinnati. Toledo. Articles. Receipts. Clearances. Receipts. Clearances. OOEEE Pies =» ae O18 ao pounds 1,145,481 1,673,243 66,157 3,076,468 SSESART aloes © (05) o! 2) 36! wo ene e 124,225 4,361,418 1,711,552 772,248 MigIaAGHER oes ae ea sae Geerete ts ere. ae ovsintolslayey 34 3,097,662 686, 847 315,343 “LE ESI | A eae i 1,279, 706 9,132,323 2,464,556 4,164,089 This table proves that groceries are transported in the Miami country both from the lake to the river and vice versa; but that a much larger portion go from the river than from the lake. An investigation of the receipts at the various ports of the interior proves that the country north of Piqua, Miami county, ninety miles from Cincinnati, is supplied from Toledo, and the country south of it from Cincinnati. A point on the Miami canal, about ninety miles from Cincinnati, is thereiore the point of division between the trade in foreign articles derived from the lake and that derived from the river. The above amounts are, of course, only a part of the whole trade distributed from Cincinnati; but they are sufficient for the purposes of this inquiry. 630 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 2. Ohio Canal, 1851. Cleveland. Portsmouth. Articles. Receipts. Clearances. Receipts. Clearances. Coffee..... Se COOUTOS pounds.. 29 ,812 1,912,204 10,152 647,418 Su¢ar..s... eiale cicero CON cin 187,518 1,874,274 6,055 2,025,715 Molasses..........- 7-0. os 132,844 559, 246 7,750 1,828,836 Matalin 2% slater civaterets oir 350,174 4,245,724 2o,Jol 4,501,969 3. Muskingum Improvement, 1851. | Harmar. Articles. Receipts. | Clearances. Coffee....... eeepc tel serene reNetetenetoteeyofel ater otelayatolesialal sel pounds.... 840 633,327 SUSAN, vole vele)eras'e s/n esl cles PRESS con adtocodacnsadéaac GO. ce) otal aletet= eee eters 986,097 INTOIAdES Wiesersie deielo ee oe beetehedeiane RPL At eee lo. ote | 3,000 1,557,000 ING lea aa oes ce 546 Sp cdootw one’ Cabana OodDAS> 3,840 3,176,424 It appears from an examination of the statistics of the interior ports, where their receipts are from the Ohio canal, that the supplies from the Ohio river extend as far as Newark, Licking county, about 120 miles from Portsmouth and 150 from Cleveland. The Muskingum improvement extends to Dresden, on the Ohio canal, and the groceries are supplied from the Ohio, at Harmar, so far as to Zanesville, Muskingum county. The following tables show the aggregate of the above articles re- spectively shipped through the southern and northern ports of Ohio, viz: On the Canals. From Toledo and | From Cincinnati, Articles. Cleveland. Portsmouth, and Harmar. Coffee... .....00. Naa nIP IoD © COMOAC sleds erei'clos pounds.... 5,588,372 2,953,992 PANS alae io eietn| isis anflare Saeco dodo heona ne Gomes 2,646,522 7,373,220 IEGIARSES vay ie (el eicc ie oir 0 o's) a.tinte 6.5: + spe nameeoleusni= es HOvs sate 1,246,522 6,483, 498 Gras ipl o'si aioe Sreascee chalnmibictate:awiele njaveageleue 9,481,436 16,810,710 It appears that groceries are supplied from the Ohio river to nearly twice the value of those forwarded from the lakes to the interior of Ohio. From consideration of these facts, it appears that the line of general separation may be drawn through Piqua, Miami county, Ur- bana, Champaign county, Columbus, Franklin county, Newark, Lick- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 631 ing county, Zanesville, Muskingum county, and whence diverging to the northeast it terminates in the neighborhood of Steubenville. If the same inquiry be extended to the exports of domestic produce from the interior of Ohio, the line of separation will be found to run nearer to the Ohio river, but across nearly the same tract of country. The following are aggregates of the receipts, in leading articles of do- mestic produce, at the lake and river ports: At Cincinnati, |At Cleveland Articles. Portsmouth, &| and Toledo. Harmar. Flour, and wheat reduced to flour...... WATEEUSS cl avecleenaieseahcrers 468,462 1,598,567 erred er NNAS oc. e aed olale tie Alel dele She ale a si DOE obotinlalie keels aueliene 66,321 56,567 RMA eter arcWe ices sibs) o\ale. 6 as a's-0'8 eaia. walters cers CO feiaveieioe axarerele menor 21,897 33,945 VE ALES 5006 Serco tee Soemoddodeood NUIMIDED, <. o)s)0.6 2 50 wisi « 74,000 4,761 ERTS TS LS RA Se a ee ee bushels: J2o8 tacste «eles 711,125 3,561,020 Raise rpetay- ciel '-le ie wells sie ae aj eheraiesjaste aEKe]Sefere oyaremie leotereh 98,873 58,777 In reference to the public works of Ohio, therefore, the greater quantity of flour and grain is exported from the lake ports; but the larger proportion of live stock, animals, provisions, and whiskey pass through the river ports. As hogs are chiefly driven to Cincinnati, the above table expresses but a very small portion of the animal food re- ceived from the interior at the ports of Cincinnati and Portsmouth. The export trade of Cincinnati will be shown in another table. By examination of the arrivals and clearances of domestic produce on the Miami canal, it appears that flour and other products are shipped to Cincinnati from Piqua or its vicinity—about 100 miles to the north- ward. The line of separation, in regard to the productions of Ohio, will, therefore, be found very near to the centre of the State. Nothing of domestic produce, in the immediate Ohio valley, except, perhaps, tobacco, wool, and manufactured articles, go to the lake ports. In the articles of tobacco and wool the trade almost altogether tends lake- wards. The following table of the imports of lumber, from the exterior to the interior ports, will show the tendency of that article at the present date. It must be observed, however, that the amount is a mere frac- tion of the whole, because the lumber imported into southern Ohio is almost exclusively brought from the Alleghany region, down the Ohio; though recently lumber has found its way through Toledo and Cleve- land. Lumber. | Lath. Timber. Cleveland Nie. ssn cde deweese asso ROC mies Sutes'e oe Ga (AAS De. abies « siete s 97,321 ULES Te ee erieo Sein Cen e ceork Gl Oxaioun retarovs eletefiste 8,610,951 13915, 200 ) |esre co's eof ernie RAS CAHIERS SE SeS COMettateyaniaies «lols OSes) I Renee eb eit ons dicieeon cen Portemrouih o's cote. eS tete eis es Sis 3 ere GO ola te sss BOVSHO Ny. stele ices cnet 3,131 PAU AN ee oielalarielolejoloiaele) = aielerisiavar GO rretesileietee ole HOD TOD eves ccie sents 456 —-—_, 1 fe ede exp eta eb gent nc al MA 91,234,884 | 1,915,200 | 100,908 632 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON It seems from this that six-sevenths of the lumber imported into the State by the public works for the use of the interior comes in by the lake ports. It follows, then, from the above facts, that two-thirds the coftee and six-sevenths of the lumber passing over the public works for consump- tion in Ohio are imported through the lake ports ; but that three-fourths the sugar and molasses, and nearly all the tobacco, are imported through the river ports. Sugar and molasses, the products of Louisiana, are distributed from Cincinnati through the Northwest, even to the shores of the lakes. Of the produce of Ohio, three-fourths of the flour and grain are ex- ported through the lake ports, but more than three-fourths of the pork, lard, and whiskey through the ports of the Ohio river, as will be seen _ by reference to the principal exports of Cincinnati, as connected with the above canal receipts. | Should the question now arise as to the comparative value of the exports of Ohio, it appears from the foregoing tables that the exports of flour, and wheat reduced to flour, amount to 2,067,029 barrels, or, re- duced to grain, 10,335,145 bushels of wheat. But the exports from Sandusky, derived from a very fertile region of country, and from Milan, have in some years amounted to 600,000 barrels, including wheat reduced to flour; while there are also large exports of grain by the Pennsyivania and Ohio conal, and from various small ports on the Ohio river. The total export of wheat may therefore be set down as equivalent to fifteen millions of bushels, or to three millions of barrels of flour. In the years 1850 and 1851, the wheat crop of Ohio was equal, in the aggregate, to 65,000,000 bushels. ‘The consumption of two millions of people, at seven bushels each, is fourteen millions per annum. We have, then, as the result of these two years: Weusumpuone 2 V2 Se Be ee ee 28,000,000 bushels. diseportedes S20. 2 TUE RE! RAE nN. Ne dee 30,000,000 * Stock: Online el et Pe Dy eae 7,000,000 « fF) Mae oN ages Sin lc aca cpa Wa 65,000,000 * It is possible that the quantity consumed may exceed, and the stock on hand fall short of, the figures assumed; but there is no time when, with an average crop of wheat and corn in Ohio, there is not a large surplus on hand to meet the demands of an export trade. If the above export of flour and wheat be compared with the results of our exports to foreign countries in 1850, it will be seen that the State of Ouio alone exports a quantity of wheat and flour equal to double the whole foreign export of 1850. On an average of seasons, Ohio now exports an amount nearly equal to the entire export of the United States ! The flour exported by the lakes is largely consumed by the manu- facturing population of the Eastern States, the amount received in New England from the West being about equivalent to a million of barrels per annum. Of corn, Ohio probably exports five millions of bushels, and of oats also a large quantity. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 633 Of animal provisions, the following table exhibits a general summary, Viz: Perel CesCripilONs aja |. eae nn = mnie = 300,000 barrels. nx Daly e egies Slee eae ey een i api 4 100,000 « Roareoi. _ . | - RN ete ATA Ene te es Meu costae acne 39,000 *« eel ag... -s Ce ee een kane ra heer ten ne 50,000 «§ Considering the agricultural or strictly domestic produce of Ohio ex- ported as a whole, the annexed table very nearly exhibits the entire exports of the most important articles for 1851: Pileumaand weal, TeGuced...-.4..6..2--- 2-22-72 3,000,000 barrels. Se. 2 2 hE ee Reem mees on rh nary cs cme 5,000,000 bushels. 2 SELL. LIES apes AS a I ED yell aca po 500,000 <« rea ee Pe ES oP oe ana Lys anys pid sa Sea oe 7,000,000 pounds. ea ee Eee ab trays eck sats SEN Sng Slade 300,000 barrels. SoS AL SS alton li AISI ih atl oiled gee ane ae a ed nn aig 100,000 <«§ Hadith DL ea leks Se ec 30,000 <« PEBE FL LL le DU aie pan oo ISS Rl oli ‘a0, CU0nT DEES 7 ON SE A eee me ama enc er 10,000,000 pounds. TEC NET i Es a oe ee 8,000,000 « A ANE ee iy cuny ai eielhs Malas brill dj ais ae alee 1,500,000 « et ei Nes Le oe oc aiaecs hg oad 300,000 * ELE LET 2 RR ERAS AR ta eeanpee pees Me ny Rese a 300,000 barrels. The market value of the above articles amounts, in round numbers, to twenty-five millions of dollars. ‘The smaller articles, not enumerated, would bring up the total to full thirty millions. The manufactures of Cincinnati and other towns exported to foreign countries may be set down at ten millions in addition. So thatthe aggregate export of things produced wholly within the State, and sold abroad, may be safely estimated at full forty millions perannum. The trade of a State, how- ever, consists not only of its own preduce, but likewise of all the articles imported, and of the local trade from port to port. The aggregate trade of the various towns and ports of Ohio, import and export, probably amounts to one hundred and twenty millions per annum. Some idea of this may be attained by consideration of the following table of exports in the most material articles for the port of Cincinnati : 634 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Exports of Cincinnat for 1845 and 1850, with the per cent. of increase. 1845. 1850. Increase. Beef... ..= Wadd oftaie oie @ Winjeclasieo%s cess sDATTEIS. o. - 31,489 33,871 7 per ct. Eberle) mterele ener =e lexieielapel Gyelajelateatte tele keos. ....- 28,510 52,475 2) an aa Warnes te ate «cin sain a slettie ante Siereeeiniayars boxes... 3,401 lid, 492. -) S808 f° Ol SES nagumaeisric) dss oes s nee nies © was HOxes( =. 47,539 122,005 Mae} * OU SES AS ASE elo era § sine /atetalidiac| =p wale sacks ..... 13,037 38,158 BUG oI IRICEN Sk Gas ae anages occsdoeg-c oantsae barrels....| 194,700 390,131 100, -.,£* LPNS 5 BESS BBS Se SG Stat oc AONB oc POU sealerotel cle 1,238 9,776 | ld (eaintersar ec eds > Sopouremiacase sos pieces..... 2,937 152,365 pe.“ Iba Tkedd.c dine 'cloisdlis bare a Geaiseee ise ao REGS: elas 248,753 #223 , 245 aeRO Mis -hoetelarester etelsteicke p alos as a ** } ae Cmaetctoe 35,739,337 | 300 per ct. The above classification does not include the merely mechanical work, such as carpentering, bricklaying, painting, &c., where the result is wholly local. It includes only those manufactures of which part may be exported. At Cincinnati, the destination of the principal articles of export is as follows : New Orleans and | Up-river ports. | Northward. down-river ports. GEE ss osin ns aisier = criss « wa se a1 Soe dee 10 a 30 - Miptisses sa. 52 ie. oR es RSE Mette eee 10 ae 50 as | BG sree os aiecisie sicss sisies Sevaieisn are Sor oot ee 97 per cent. 1 percent. 2 per cent. Snr 20 Ue eae pe am ek 5 eee ge a, Sra 96 cs 1 ae 3 eS AE oc seus ec ie talk eakibile, ate (accion a tesa wien Crete fates 97 2 2 s i ge RETO eo ois aa ele wrulo oe 0 o cas hem dwct oetieas 83 i 8 ee 9 ws Backs avi Hac: 6 s'<. (sols aie size 6 Se hoes shade 79 ae 16 3 5 2 CODE ER ari Ee tO PR OE tisha ee See ae 32 Bhs 30 Si ct Pwd 7B: Uo eS 60 40 636 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON This table demonstrates that of the produce of Ohio—beef, pork, lard, flour, and corn—nearly the whole quantity, as exported from Cin- cinuati, goes down the river ; a small portion only up the river ; and but a small fractional part northward by canal or railway. On the other hand, coffee, sugar, and molasses—productions of the South—tend northward. Sugar and molasses are carried, through Cincinnati, to the borders of the lakes; while coffee, as we have seen, principally im- ported from Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, finds its way by the lakes to Cincinnati. | The result of the tables hereinbefore adduced is to prove that the trade of the Ohio valley originates in and is controlled by itself. All the produce of Ohio, from a line running through Piqua, Newark, Dresden, &c., tends to the Ohio valley. All the tobacco, hogs, cattle, salt, and lumber of Kentucky and Virginia, for one hundred and fifty miles south of the Ohio, tend to the Ohio river, and by that route mostly to Cincinnati. All the produce, of whatever kind, concentrated in the Ohio valley, looks for transport to the Ohio river, instead of passing northward by canal or railway—in the ratio of ten to one. The arti- cles of sugar and molasses will, in future, be supplied to Ohio and In- diana almost exclusively by way of the Ohio river. The construction of railroads, by facilitating distribution, is augmenting that tendency, and thence the business of distributing in Cincinnati is greatly on the increase. For the same reason, much of the coffee which has hereto- fore been bought in the North will hereafier be imported, at first hands, from Brazil and Cuba, entered at the port of Cincinnati, and distri- buted by the jobbing houses of that city. Cincinnati, being the most prominent city in the valley of the Ohio, deserves a more specific notice. CINCINNATI. OHIO. This is the largest city west of the Alleghanies, and is situated on the northern bank of the Ohio, in latitude 39° 6’ 30” north, and longi- tude 70° 24’ 25” west from Washington. Its site is just opposite the mouth of the Licking river, which comes into the Ohio between New- port and Covington, Kentucky. It is distant from New Orleans about 1,450 miles; from Pittsburg, 455 miles; from Louisville, 132 miles ; and from the mouth of the Ohio about 500 miles by the course of the rivers ; from Baltimore, 500 miles; from Philadelphia, 600, and from New York, 650 miles, by post-route. The population in 1800 was 700 persons; in 1810, 2,540; in 1820, 9,602; in 1830, 24,831; in 1840, 46,338 ; and in 1850, 116,108. This exhibition of increase in popula- tion has rarely been equalled by any city on the globe; and there is very little doubt that the same, or a greater ratio of augmentation will be preserved during the present period of ten years, to elapse previous to 1860. The numerous railways in process of construction, and already in operation, which will be tributary to her business, must have a very beneficial and prosperous effect upon her growth. The Ohio and Mis- sissippi road, which will connect her with St. Louis, the next great western mart in point of size, by almost an air-line, cannot but be very COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. | 637 advantageous to her business interests, by opening to her trade a sec- tion of country which has heretofore had no access to markets of such importance as these two cities. A full description of this and all other railway and canal routes lead- ing to or from Cincinnati will be found in another part of this report, devoted especially to such improvements. The commerce of Cincinnati, as has been seen by the preceding notes on Ohio commerce, and wil be more fully illustrated by the fol- lowing tables, is immense, embracing aimost every variety of produc- tion and manufactures. The river, at t the point where the city is located, is about six hundred yards in width, and its mean annual range from low to high water is about fifty feet. In the midsummer the water is sometimes so low as almost to prevent the navigation of the river by steamers above the city; generally, however, boats of light draught can proceed to Pittsburg without much difficulty, except they may be prevented a few weeks in midwinter by floating ice. The succeeding tables, prepared by direction of the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati, exhibit the commerce of the port in detail, giving the quantity and character of the articles entering into its com- position during the period of five years past. Imports ito Cincinnait, from all sources, for 184748, 1848-’49, 1849-’50, bea0> si Weol=.52- Articles. 1847-48. | 1848-749. | 1849-750. | 1850-751. | 1851-752. Apples, STEM... 6.2 oes dade bbls. . 28,674 22,109 6,445 16,934 71,182 BEC cine eee Scale ee TP dilehs do... 659 "348 801 1,101 1,609 Diet ERE OS Sere ar WHELCES AN We lesre: eslere 27 15 18 1,145 BamaI Oeics = as o's. PIECES. « 9.228 2,094 Beatie oss cle rmis 71 Batley oe fee es Piseiadatetc ove bush.. 165,528 87,460 137,925 111.257 89,994 ROSA pea retetterdie' «aie sp aiass sfe' dog «3 8,757 3,067 5,065 31,037 14,137 LEGS aA er bbls. . 6,625 GaP 3,674 8,259 10,203 Butter. kegs 6,405! 7,999 7,487 11,043 13,720 Blooms: gas eet 4 5 cisaie's gis" tons.. 2,203 9,513 2,045 DEEN | 4,036 SRA GEE cle ae «wie o'si'v « pois ee SACKS « 1,941 21,995 49,075 50,976 131,014 Dandies. ote No Se ois anid Pe boxes 133 414 718 697 653 SOE oila « See I Ale siaia eget seats bush, 361,315 344,810 649,227 489,195 653,788 WOEN=AIMEAl Oates dis ard eae do 29,542 5,004 3,688 5,008 8,640 ATUL C Ts ciate eevee « a.0ia » ene We bbls 2,289 4,346 453 1,047 874. Meese FON ares 3 <5 tes aes casks 164 281 2 74 46 GHEEBErs.c cikleeiheiss s+ delete boxes 138,800 143,265 165,940 205,444 241,753 SOTO Uc heoe saisiocs oon.» , «aia e oh bales 13,476 9,058 8,551 7,168 12,776 MOM OES oxo tetas win ewes sacks 80,242 74,961 67,170 91,177 95,732 CCL CES Cs ae i ea drums 311 515 464 44] 431 Cooperage ......2.... .- pieces 179,946 147,352 201,711 146,691 135,118 TB. Cian re Selare 4 boxes and bbls 4,035 4,504 2,041 9,956 10.544 Wlour. ..< 2/0 PUPS ares 3; cake aetna bbls 151,518 447,844 231,859 482,772 511,042 PEAPieTS . caeacs oes evs, de Ses sacks 4,467 4,908 3,432 2,858 6,716 ISH e as: 0: chet Sete Saco sewers beets bbls 19,215 18,146 14,527 19,826 20,076 ACIGR ys cic: eG aeals 8 8 460 45 9,650 | 13,000] 20,360 99°509 | 28,585| 97,099 8,301 7,144 16,314 333 443 3,520 615,641 | 349,181] 656,793 11,109 | 10,350 11,241 640 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON STA TEMENT—Continued. | Articles. 1847-'48. | 1848-"49. | 1849-’50. | 1850-51 | 1851-52. Waquores oe Ces lee Se eae bbls. . § 364 10,913 11,798 19,297 | 49,348 Manufactures . js. oi .33 pieces..; 42,412 94,904 56,810 22,103 | 66, 200 PRO MUCE seo sah c, «se eisyarise iw ole pkgs..| 28,822 17,609 10,327 13,958 | 42,333 Siero picts, fees ween boxes..| 8,177 7,904 9,491 | 14,109 | 18,293 Mallee chon see bbls..| 5,682) 4,975| 4,311| 5,997 3,039 MObACEO ei. Gera lea kegs and boxes.. 9,352 7,497 6,905 18,345 24,761 Pobaceosy | «13%, serene 6 Aisle hhds..) 3,812 3,309 A, 847 2,856 19,821 MODACCOe:6: tis jae ciopaeeeetgers bales. . 123 126 iif 160 | 629 WAMe Ga Ty ses a) area lb s's cigs eroe stele bbls. ./ 2,753 1,288 2,404 3,756 5,965 WGhekey ca ane bbls..| 186,509 | 136,911 | 179,540 | 231,324! 976,194 eS Ra bales..; 2,998/ 1,109) 92,156] 9795 3,404 Weeol. ss 6. stsccses.cceecseelbs,.| 7-037 | 10.930.) * “avednm a= amet 2,972 WWiinitevleadl 5 cites cys avcteine Means). Aue etal cyclers re operas 4), 294 90,857 65,514 Pieces of castings.......... ENOL: <2] oie eae ele ale se eteyeie islet 54,399 36 , 266 33,942 PAC CESOLICAStINOS .\a\eieeioslee)s POMS als vee ets rciseal Gee aerate 2,385 1,121 1,629 A glance at the table of exports will satisfy the observer that the exports are of the same articles as the imports, and that the major part of the property here noted is merely im transitu, passing through the commercial houses of Cincinnati on its way to a northern or southern destination. Many articles, it will also be observed, are much modified in their shape during their stay—such as pork, lard, whiskey, tallow, &c. These tables possess much interest, as showing the course of trade at this point, as well as exhibiting its nature and character more fully than can be otherwise done. PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. The city of Pittsburg is situated in the western part of Pennsylva- nia, at the head of navigation on the Ohio river, which is formed at that point by the union of the waters of the Alleghany and Monongahela. itis in 42° 30’ north latitude, and 80° 2’ west longitude; 230 miles from Baltimore, and 297 from Philadelphia; 200 miles from Harris- burg, and 226 from Washington. It had a population, with its suburbs, in 1800, of 1,565 persons, and in 1850, of about 83,000. The enu- meration of the inhabitants of the city proper was, in 1810, 4,768; in 1820, 7,248; in 1830, 12,542; in 1840, 21,115; and im 1850, with its suburbs, 83,000. This number for 1850 includes Alleghany city, of upwards of 20,000 inhabitants, and some smaller places in the vicinity. Alleghany county, of which Pittsburg is the principal town, had a popu- lation, in 1850, of 138,098, having gained, since 1840, nearly 57,000. In this county a larger capital is invested in iron manufactures than in any other county in the State, which is pretty good evidence that, at present at least, it offers greater inducements to that branch of industry than any other point. Except at short periods of very dry seasons, the Ohio is navigable to Pittsburg by boats of light draught. It is not, however, navigable for boats of the largest class during any consider- able portion of the season. When the spring freshets cccur there COLONIAL AND LAKE TRAUE. 641 is deep water; but the boats built at Pittsburg are adapted to the lowest possible draught, so that they may transact business nearly the whole year. At times, in severe winters, there is sufficient floating ice in the upper Ohio to impede navigation for a few days. The principal harbor is furnished by the Monongahela river, which has a better depth. of water than the Alleghany. The city lies chiefly between the two. It has rather a pleasant site, and is surrounded with hills of bituminous coal, which can be quarried and delivered in the city at a trifling ex- pense. It is to this fact, and the close proximity of good iron ores, that Pittsburg owes her great growth in manufactures. Pittsburg is the great entrepot of western Pennsylvania, from the Ohio and Missisippi basin and from the lakes. The Ohio river gives her an eligible con- nexion with the first, and its trade; while the Beaver and Erie and Ohio canals give her access to the latter; and the Pennsylvania canal from Johnstown, gives her the command of the principal portion of the trade of the State west of the Alleghanies. Besides these connexions, however, Pittsburg is about to reap great benefits from numerous rail- way projects, which will soon be in operation in various portions of western Pennsylvania. These are spoken of pretty fully in another department of this report, and it is therefore unnecessary to describe them under this head. One of the most important of all these projects is the Pittsburg and Olean railway, which will pass through some of the best agricultural counties in the State, but which heretofore have not had access to a market, sufficiently expeditious to develop their rich and varied resources. 'To connect with the route just mentioned, a road is about to be built from Buffalo, at the foot of Lake Erie, to Olean. This road will connect the western termini of the Pennsylva- nia canals with the westerntermini of the New York canals, and the head of Ohio navigation with the great lake port at the eastern terminus of navi- gation on Lake Erie. Buffalo will have access also to the coal and iron of Pittsburg and other portions of Pennsylvania by a direct route, and by a mode, too, which enjoys superior advantages over all others in carry- ing coal. Railway tracks may be laid direct from the city to the mine, and follow up the quarry indefinitely, perhaps, so that by such a mode no transhipment or cartage is required; but, with water communication, it cannot be done so easily. There, coal must be carted from mine to boat, and when arrived at the place of destination, instead of being dumped right from the cars into the coal-yard, as upon railways, it must be raised out of boats and carted away to the yard. Perhaps coal and other minerals or ores are the only kind of heavy articles of which it can be said, with truth, that they may be transported more cheaply by rail- way than by water. The manulactures and commerce of Pittsburg are immense; but no returns, later than those of the census of 1850, are at hand, by which to exhibit the exact value of the former, and the com- mercial returns are but indifferently kept at any time. Below, such authentic data are presented as could be procured indicative of the cha- racter and extent of each. In 1840 there were in operation in Pittsburg and Alleghany city thirty-two furnaces and forges, with a capital of $1,437,000; the total capital employed in manufactures was stated at $2,784,594. The ton- nage of the port, in 1840, was estimated at 12,000 tons. Al 642 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON In 1850, according to the returns of the United States census, Alle- ghany county had manufactures of all kinds employing capital, and yielding annual products as follows: No. of | Capital in- | Value of ma-| Hands em-} Value of an- manufac- vested. terial. ployed. |nual product. tories. TUES UIT A oerehetae\nneve = aioe an 819 | $5,944,383 | $5,677,890 8,436 | $10,038,721 Alleoha riy ‘Citi yais te se.'s ial 120 | 1,469,790 | 1,156,018 1,817 1,844,706 Alleghany county......... 328 | 3,441,721 | 2,590,498 4,400 4,802,605 Mtotalleeyare ereteniate\ ere) oles 1,267 | 10,855,844 | 9,424,406 | 14,653 | 16,686,032 The great bulk of the above aggregate of nearly seventeen million dollars of the product of industry is made up of manufactures of various. kinds of iron, steel, nails, glass, cotton, clothing, boots and shoes, cabi- net-ware, whiskey, flour and provision-packing. Iron, of course, takes the lead, and enters into almost all kinds of manufactures to a greater or less degree. It is proper to remark here, that little reliance is to be placed upon the accuracy of census returns, generally, in matters of business which re- late to the actual substance of men so intimately as the above queries indicate. Various motives instigate different persons to give replies susceptible of constructions very wide of the mark aimed at by the government—sometimes above, perhaps, but generally very far below the real value of the property or business undergoing investigation. Business men are proverbially jealous of all itermeddling in their af fairs; and so, however good the object of the meddler may be, or how innocent soever the instrument employed, the reples are usually so colored, as it is supposed will best subserve the interests of their maker. Hence, such returns should be used under a full view of the cireum- stances and with many grains of allowance. In the case of Pittsburg and vicinity, all commercial returns, lately compiled, present very dif ferent results from those of the census. 'lhat city is well known to be one of the most prominent in all the western valleys for the construction of steamers—both of wood and iron—an interest which does not fully appear in the census returns. It is said that the number of steamers built at this place, during a series of years, will average about one per week. Supposing this statement to be correct, and that the value of the machinery and joiner-work was included under those heads, which is hardly probable, there is still the cost of material and labor required to construct fifty-two hulls, unaccounted for, which, at the moderate aver- age valuation of ten thousand dollars each, would amount to five hun- dred and twenty thousand dollars. This is but a single item; and it is not at all improbable that many more might be cited, less important to be sure, but still capable ot adding their quota to the general aggregate. In western Pennsylvania—, that is, in the twenty-two counties west of the Alleghanies—there were different varieties of iron works in thirteen of the counties, to the num- ber of one hundred and forty, involving the investment of $6,887,376. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE: 643 The principal, and, in fact, almost the only accessible market for the products of this immense capital, is Pittsburg. During late years, it 1s well known many of them have remained idle, owing to the low, un- remunerating prices of iron. But the late advance of prices in Kurope, and the present high rates, are stimulating this important interest, and, inviting capital, and labor to engage in it, with good prospects of an adequate reward. Pittsburg must, therefore, soon reap a rich harvest in the augmentation of her traffic from this source. Pittsburg, however, is not entirely dependent on the suburban counties for her iron manu- factures. There are in the city fifteen rolling-mills, having a capacity for making 49,200 tons of bar, rod, hoop, sheet, and boiler iron, nails and spikes, and bar and sheet steel, annually. Of the above fifteen works, six are employed in the conversion of steel; of which they made, in 1850, 6,078 tons. In the same works there were 205 nail machines, capable of turning out 1,000 kegs of 100 lbs. each, or an aggregate of | 10,250 tons. The aggregate value of the products of these fifteen works is estimated at $3,425,000. The pig-iron consumed in these and similar manutfactories is supplied by the foundries located upon the several rivers which communicate with the mountainous districts The ore is principally furnished to the foundries by the neighboring farmers during the winter season, when their labors are not required in agricultural occupations. Digging the ore, and delivering it to the furnaces, fellmg trees, and converting the wood (which is unfit to transform into lumber) into charcoal for the use of the furnaces, and raising produce for the subsistence of the laborers employed in the manufacture of iron, afford abundant and profitable employment to the agriculturists of the surrounding country, and con- tribute largely to the trade and commerce of Pittsburg. The manufacture of glass is carried on by thirty-three different es- tablishments in this city, which is scarcely less noted for the quantity and variety of this article, annually classed among its exports, than for the larger and more valuable interest just described. These remarks are intended to convey some idea of the principal manutacturing, and consequent commercial, interests of Pittsburg, as now in progress; but it may be well to add that they may be extended almost indefinitely. There is no known limit to their capacity, or to the elements necessary for their augmentation. Wood, coal, ores, and agricultural resources, all abound in the utmost profusion, and at the greatest possible convenience. All that is wanting to constitute Pitts- burg the ‘‘ Birmingham” of the American continent 1s labor. The commercial interests of Pittsburg are hardly less important than the manufacturing. The enrolled tonnage of the port in 1851 was about 17,000 tons, consisting of 112 steamers, employing officers and crews of 2,588 persons, and carrying 466,661 passengers. Of the property carried on the river steamers, either as to amount, character, or quan- tity, no returns are at hand, and there is no very satisfactory mode of ascertaining its value. The best mode of ascertaining its character which now presents itself is by the examination of the returns of the canal commerce of Pittsburg, as made to the commissioners of the State works. * 644 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Comparative statement, exhibiting the exports by canal of some of the leading articles during three seasons. Articles. 1852. |e 1847. 1846. CHELONA Es ches ok ou ERR OE: -.lbs..| 1,670,922 | 1,060 1,056,138 1,000,971 Pl ern pisicisis) «, star says ccf ope: -s cterineey am cee do.sif 1p 65,057 | | Ss 311, 618 1,287, 886 Tobacco, unmanufactured.............6- do..| 20,490,918 | 14, rie 059 24,696,742 SROGEAGS ASE BE AA GOA cd haddoan cde coe doe 5 P7246 70 | i 978, 822 1,571,889 Hardware, cutlery eis «ster Jelelseho as es do.. 433,669 | "246, 897 239 353 Deon pie clei ae einen ec do..| 16,557,572 | 65,030", shee a4 Caeser ete BE Ge do..| 607,995 | 2507910 Dead LOGMISM Ses cidieks So eos, oO Se meee do..| 411,620 | ee , 836 333,702 RG asteshe elie eyes pa eretetes Seine niayelsyntanie) oleae do..| 7,364,436 | 549, AiG 319,73 LSHG|S) ndleteccobtEes ba CES en OP eMOn a rolsGe do..| 5,000 | 188, 078 325 , 085 WNailstamde spikes st oe elacisiels naelarnietan seers dose! 793 ,033,036 | 51, 760 82,732 rai ceone yer Petes ib oi tieve aie ahereutslo 70,160 pieces. Moe. 22a seAVE OIG Wma cme: oul olLlaliee 65,350 coils. The value of these was estimated at ten million six hundred thousand dollars. 2. Dry goods.—The aggregate annual sales of dry goods are esti- mated at five million erght hundred and fifty-three thousand dollars. 3. Hardware, queensware, saddlery, §c.—The aggregate of other sales of merchandise amounts to three millon eight hundred and sixty-six thou- sand dollars. 648 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 3. Pork business. The number of hogs put up this season in Louisville, New Albany, and Jeffersonville, round the ‘falls,’ is estimated at 275,000, which shows a large and increasing business. A large number of the farmers of Kentucky drive their hogs to the Louisville market; and, in the last two or three years, the business has been extended. 4. Steamboats and navigation. Louisville embarked in the steamboat business at a very early day, and still employs a large number of steam vessels. In the year 1851 (wde United States Steam Report) there were sixty-one steam-vessels registered at Louisville, carrying 15,180 tons. _ A large number of steamboats are annually built at Louisville and New Albany. Oo. Manufactures. Louisville is a commercial and not a manufacturmg town. Hence, its manufacturing establishments are small as compared with Pittsburg and Cincinnati. Yet they make, in the aggregate, a large amount. The following are the principal: Number.| Hands. | Product. URAL ES a icteies cy) ais cieosiehclelelsiiaee oso elteey ettele fo) ae cal etlota) = ae\len eo fe dtel he 15 930 | $1,392,200 Soap and Candles ........ccc cence creer crs ccceeceeccaee 6 59 409,000 Bagging... cc ese ees ccenec cee eeccveccwe cen ssscssnescens 3 120 184,000 WATE RVCTIES 2 oka wat ore ids wealeneisfedaceiet aia (o eilel sielewel opelsveyeiteie sues shoue towers 6 30 108,600 GGCrOW ae WOOlite ose overte tra lele wveicie alle) ste ole ovina eilelsleueyeyele\eal 3 135 173,500 (Clone 45 5n56 5 Ce on OG du acco cdo do coe se oooocdd5 coeco 45 1,157 941,500 Mecdsama, aour-mit lisse ye: ecle creas are ole cesteete ov aue rain eve tanelie ane sMar sie 9 AT 283,800 PITA TIEE ee ota cake se Vole. hielo: oluovis aaa ieiel oka, afeueilo?apaisr shop stele Ceshelehene 25 446 638,000 Glass eee aie Gislelelitiecicls tee. © bie 6 sie owls eine crereeel eels sipte ete il 50 50,000 COIL arisen ais alc ber cepian hela par svllel cuelveia iovaile cire(iote aie eitela eels tm tciedene wie eters 3 16 140,000 LER OGIRG 4 ols noipesnb dinaidadaGo so Ui shajeljatre aattolies at etre cyatote lalieleiaisualenahene 1 36 113,000 EXOT ad c9 So Rar ob1d Hees ODIO cinockoltaninog 4C.c5 7e5 nds dssclonic 11 166 460,000 PD ORRGCO SOLAR Oso ned Ga cen Geo oo cious Com anno 4 oCucne 82 1,050 1,347,500 MCAUIOR ccc isso cals conetekeia nlc eteriete eve BRIN Be i NC a 9 64 176,000 The manufactures of Louisville (exclusive of mere mechanical labor) probably amount in value to six millions of dollars per annum—cer- tainly a very good foundation for more extensive operations. 6. Railroads. Louisville will, in the course of two or three years, have an exten- sive system of railways. The principal lines will be as follows, viz.: 1. Lexington and Louisville railroad, finished; and will connect at Lexington with numerous other lines. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 649 2. Louisville and Nashville line. This will connect her with the entire net-work of southern railroads. 3. Louisville and Cincinnati railroad—which will connect her with all the northeastern railroads. 4. Jeffersonville and Columbus line; which will connect at Indian- apolis with all the northern, Indiana, and Michigan lines. 5. New Albany, Salem, and Michigan city line. This will connect, at Orleans, with the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, and thus make a continuous line to St. Louis, and will be continued north to Michigan. city and Chicago, Llinois. These railroads, when completed, will connect Louisville with the most distant parts of the Union, and enable her to avail herself of her great commercial advantages. Louisville is situated in the centre of a large district of level and rich land. Its site for building is almost indefinite. Provisions are cheap; and its position for commerce one of the best in the interior of the United States. Its growth is not so rapid as that of some places, but is very uniform; so that the growth in future may be very cer- tainly counted upon at the same rate. Allowing for some decrease in the ratio of growth, and it will probably, in half a century, have half a million of inhabitants. A statement recently published shows that there are navigating the Ohio and Mississippi rivers an aggregate of 269 steamers, measuring 60,792 tons, and which are valued at $3,895,000, that can pass through the present locks in the canal around the rapids at Louisville. There are also navigating the same rivers 76 steamers, measuring 48,052 tons, and valued at $3,714,000, which are too large to pass through those locks, and therefore cannot participate in the trade of the upper Ohio, being nearly one-half the valuation of the steam stock engaged on those waters. Valuation, in 1850, of the crtres named. Estimated. True. St. LOwis occ ese c ec ese eee cree eee ceceer cece eeec ences $27 , 968,833 $50,000,000 CinCinnati... se sseece sree eer ec cere ce tsee cerns evnee 41,848,536 49,310,925 ARE so ce se sa vines e cicle cue ett eiekiaeise se blelee¥s oes 31,533,904 31,533,994 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. Lying upon the bank of the finest river on the continent, in latitude 38° 37 28” north, and longitude 90° 15’ 30” west from Greenwich, and backed by untold acres of lands, rich in all the elements of agriculture, forests, and mines, which may be made tributary to her commerce, St. Louis is entitled to important consideration in the investigation of com- mercial affairs on the western rivers. Having already reached an en- viable position among her sister cities, she is looking westward with a system of railways intended not only to bring all the rich agricultural and mineral treasures of the Missouri basin into her markets, but event- 650 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ually to extend beyond the Rocky Ridge to the valley of the Great Salt lake, and still further onward to the golden shores of the Pacific ocean. Though these ultimate results are some years distant, yet a glance at the accompanying map will satisfy any one that a full development of the immense resources of that portion of the Mississippi valley north and west of St. Louis, and most of which has not as yet been reduced to the first stages of culture, but must sooner or later pay its tribute to the trade and commerce of St. Louis, will be sufficient to gratify the most sanguine expectations of those engaged in pushing forward the improvements tending to such an end. Whether these railways are extended beyond the Rocky mountains or not, therefore, there is a ter- ritory belonging to the great valley which can scarcely avoid becoming tributary to the business of this city, much larger and more prolific of all the elements of wealth than can be found adjacent to any other city in the West. This fact alone is decisive of the future greatness of St. Louis, provided she puts forth her energies towards the progress of the’ means tor the exhumation of the resources of this country. Her con- nexions with eastern cities, through Cincinnati and Chicago, are already decided upon and secured beyond contingency, as will be seen by refer- ence to the description of canals and railways. This is now one of the most important of the river-ports. Surrounded by an extensive back country of unsurpassed fertility, well watered and endowed with all the advantages requisite to support a dense and thriving population, St. Louis bids fair to become, at no distant day, one of the first cities in the United States in point.of population and commercial wealth. It is situated on the Western shore of the Missis- sippi river, about 196 miles above the mouth of the Ohio, 20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, its principal affluent, and 40 miles below that of the Illinois. Still further northward the Fever, the Wis- consin, and other rivers from the country eastward, and the Des Moines and Iowa, with some less notable streams from the west, fall into the Mississippi, conveying the rich products of the extensive prairie lands on their borders to the markets of St. Louis. Here these products are usually exchanged for merchandise and supplies necessary to the set- tlement and subsistence of anew country. Many furs are also brought down these various streams to St. Louis, and exchanged for the goods and supplies which constitute the stock in trade of the western trapper and the Indian trader. Above that city these waters are navigable only by the lighter draught or smaller class of boats, while below it the large and splendid New Orleans packets find their rapidly increasing trade. These facts involve the necessity of a transhipment of almost the entire bulk of produce and merchandise arriving at St. Louis, and intended for points either above or below that city, before it can proceed to its destination; and St. Louis is thus constituted the great receiving and distributing depot for all the upper country of the Mississippi and Mis- souri basins. ‘T'o the vastness of this country, therefore, the immense fertility of its soil, and its rich mineral resources, inducing an inex- haustible tide of immigration, does St. Louis owe her late rapid growth in population and prosperity. The city is one of the oldest French trading and military posts in the Mississippi valley, and has been looked upon for many years as the key COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 651 to the great territory to which we have referred; but, until the last twenty years, its progress was very slow. In 1840 it could claim but 16,469 inhabitants, whereas in 1850 it numbered a population of no less than 82,744 souls, showing an increase of 66,000 souls, and an average rate of duplication once in four years. She has, moreover, erown much more rapidly:during the last ten years than at any former period. ‘Thus, in 1800, St. Louis had 2,000 inhabitants. During the last fifty years her population has been doubled once in 9$ years; during the. last 40, once in 9; the last 30, once in 7; the last 20, once in 54; and the last 10, once in every 4 years. Such has been the almost un- precedented growth of St. Louis from natural causes. What, then, may not be expected as the result of the construction of her numerous railways now in progress, or projected, in connexion with her natural advantages? ‘The opening of these artificial routes will give her easy access to numerous deposites of lead, iron, coal, and copper ores, within a circuit of 90 miles, equal to the wants of the whole Missis- sipi valley for centuries, which have not, to this time, been brought to use. The lack of necessary means of transportation has heretofore precluded the successful working of these numerous mines, though they have been known to exist in richness rarely if ever excelled. The completion of the ‘‘ Pacific,” the ‘“‘ Hannibal and St. Joseph,” the ‘St. Louis and North Missouri,” and other projected railways, which is now determined, and will open easy communication with these mineral re- gions, besides developing the resources of large tracts of country second to none other in agricultural richness. Owing to these promising natural features, the hidden wealth of which will be brought to light and ren- dered available through these stupendous lines of internal improve- ment, the people of St. Louis confidently anticipate a continuation of their present rate of increase during the next ten years, when her ca- pacity will be equal to the support of nearly 500,000 inhabitants, when her mines may vie with those of Sweden and Great Britain, and her manufactures and agricultural productions, her railway and river ton- nage, and her aggregate commerce, may not be exceeded by those of any other region of the world. A more detailed account of the different lines of public improvement in progress will be found under the proper head, in another part of this report, and their situation may be ascertained by reference to the accompanying railway map. The following tables, compiled from annual statements, will exhibit something of the growth and character of the commerce of St. Louis during a term of years. 652 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Comparative statement of some of the principal articles landed at St. Lows during six years—ending December 31, 1852. | | Articles. 1851. 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847. 1846. Wheaties ieee js. -bush.} 1,700,708 | 1,792,074 | 1,792,535 | 2,194,789 | 2,432,377 | 1,838,926 POUR Sh. nceed, « bbis.; 793,892) 292,718} 306,412| 387,314 308,568 | 220,457 Gorn’... Geese aie bush.| 1,840,909 968,028] 305,383 699,693 | 1,016,318 688,649 Oates. [2% LAS See ee do..| 794,421 697,432 | 252,291 243,700 | 202,265 95,612 Batley 8ce..F.ve tick dove LOIsG74 69,488 46,263 55,002 57,380 10,150 Pork...casks & tierces. 15,298 D969. |<» &-00.9 elle, 014\ eign teint okies 6 Leste siete he eae eee meee Boros a boxes & bbls.| 103,013 101,762 13,862 97,642 43,692 48,981 Porkwbullk, 93 oc pieces.| 768,819 AAG DSB 0 2 aiiva la sie oslo: 0 wlnohe ote te jelielah ey esrene teensy iene Snes Pork; dll. .c-cie's'e tons. VAT | ors dicta ate-eieja| 6 cineca io B:le ceiel nator cima faker erate et eean an a ar Sater eo ces a. sacks.| 216,933 261,230} 291,709 204,741 106,302 177,724 Salles . -bbis. 46,250 19,158 23,553 38,809 41,380 58,948 LGM ec lale otaclinay. bales. 65,366 60,862 46,290 47,270 72,222 33,853 Weddle coc. oer. «--pigs.| 903,971 573,502 590,293 705,718 749,128 730,829 Tobacco.........hhds. 10,371 9,055 9,879 9,014 11,015 8,588 Beef...tierces & casks. 5,640 2,056 10,867 9,369 5s Lao aes ehawkachiiey is Beehi 5 2 5c sudo .-.bbis. 8,872 6,049 12,336 7,806 4,720 1,716 idesic. ..-+--pounds- 90,736 94,228 68,902 62,097 WYOtT 63,396 Wihiskeyecmeit!. & bbls. 47,991 25,959 29,085 29,758 22,239 29,882 Sea ee ce eee hhds. 29,276 25,796 26,501 26,116 12651 11,603 CORE Co aan as bbls. 20,854 5,035 SUGAE ce ss wets boxes. 15,833 11,326 7,348 14,812 ait Bsio2 Cotiee ccsicewint . sacks.| 101,904 73,673 67,353 78,842 10,86" 65,128 Molasses......... bbls. 40,231 29,518 29,214 21,943 21,554 14,996 Ward 12 FS ES do.. 14,465 61,525 58,279 67,339 32,021 26,462 Bandi see ie edie tierces. 37,743 17,925 15,801 6,579 DAO aes hates Wear cote wcueaietiarens kegs. 14,450 11,549 18,845 14,180 8,595 14,730 Bacon. .casks & tierces. 16,701 30,035 16,280 29,423 14,425 11,803 Bacon 2s 01 ph boxes. 1,564 1,320 3,245 6,622 1,289 1,648 Bacon ceiieth woe pieces. 6,629 A OT Mal Auk i Ste etlsucteletewede rere PT ea pil Wee cl Lumber.......M feet. 16,280 14,676 24,188 22,137 TG;00 7 Vea e accion. Shingles....... vee Mi. 7,805 4,316 7,334 15,851 T3098 15. aakaes fiat Bod ok ee eho re Wii. 1,265 283 1,290 2,598 DBL ijdbeoane ders Over and above the articles here enumerated there are mentioned some fifty-one others, including nearly all articles of produce and mer- chandise prominent in the trade und productions of the West. The above, however, have been selected as showing the bulk of the com- merce of the river at this point. Below are presented tables exhibiting the number and tonnage of boats arriving at St. Louis in the prosecution of this trade durmg a series of five years: a Whence. 1851. 1850. 1849. 1848. 1847. WWiewsOrledmgs aa aielasiwieie)aisic.e's ais) oii 300 301 313 446 502 Oia InVEr ts aravsetae eatela’s mies) «leas 6 457 493 406 429 430 UMAOIS WIV ET ie) vente oicle's a o's w/a lets.e o's 634 788 686 690 658 Upper Mississippi cae mys isis >tersio/=:« 639 635 806 697 717 ISSO UGT PAVGR lal lslecieiesis is) e/ales s/c 301 390 355 327 314 GANT OVes, eo 'ov ai abi SoateeeeiU etore Ts [also be 119 75 122 194 146 Other points's'« pies cum wteniemicn eles 175 215 217 396 204 Total Numbers. deus ua. >. 2,625 2,907 2,905 Be Wie 2,969 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 653 Tonnage of steamboats and barges was, in 1850.....-..-.- 681,256 J ae doseage. v dows 2s - desiyrai 1.5) eee 683,140 ieee collected anal SOU. ai, See SD eR ok 2 ease $41,195 pierina(s aie. deg 20 Sik? pte SI ESE BIE 48,156 Showing, that while the number of arrivals has fallen off, the loss is more than compensated by the enlarged capacity of the boats, as ex- hibited by the increase of tonnage. The foreign commerce of St. Louis, consisting of importations, is as follows : 0 D5 1P 2s eR a eae eae gn ener ae $289,753 2.2) 1% dds cs Boge Seanad aie eid aarp kt anitignl 10k preening ernr eae 133,40¥ i. 1 22. URES epee ela ie are BERT Ramee RS. TOO 2k ELL EU TT)ELeE Oe ar 2 aig cl aaa di te hg a 98,786 Mela ee lil, CODper, WO, BGs ont. Sam ph og th Rhye 81,482 emeseeme And, 0Cy POOdS. oF i. wit. a oe me no me ne oe 24,237 LE TELE a D SERR ETO CaN ae Rap een nn TD DMT L/P US tL 1A SE ane bediag ieee ete aia mete Seige en earns poner ae 2,259 L. Did s+ ~ 45 RL et eager epee ie I seer ete eee ie 2,618 TDC ataeorayg nniiiat Npealnyipersti Pe aaeaipaM “oerdee. (uals Reni 797,009 Amount of hospital money collected at the same port... . - $2,941 Pues ormutics collected -) 20.02 fi 2 AS. et. 239,318 Hospital money expended in relief to sick and disabled beremeieme ee. faethe S ELIA P ME Yk PR TAR PUT Fike | 3s 3,441 No estimate of the total value of the commerce oi St. Louis for 1851 has been made, nor, indeed, would it be an easy task to prepare such with any degree of accuracy. Enough, however, is here shown to exhibit the importance which it must soon attain, and the power and influence it will ultimately exert on the commerce of the Atlantic cities. Nore.—St. Louis and Cincinnati, as already noticed, are being connected by the Ohio and Mississippi railroad. This road is all under contract, and crosses the Wabash river at Vincennes. From this point a railroad is under contract to Evansville, and finished from Evansville to White river, about thirty-six miles ; the whole will be completed the present year. Henderson, in Kentucky, is on the Ohio river, twelve miles below Evansville. From this point a railroad has been surveyed through the State of Kentucky, passing Madisonville, Hopkinsville, and Trenton, striking the Tennessee State line about twelve miles north of Clarksville, and the whole distance in Kentucky is about ninety miles; and sufficient funds have been subscribed to grade, culvert, and bridge it. Henderson is at a point about central to that portion of the great Illinois coal field lying south of the Ohioriver. This road passes over these coal beds for about fifty miles. The best workable vein, near Madisonville, is 83 feet thick, good roofing and drainage ; and the mines are so situated that the coal cars, when laden, will descend with grades on lateral roads of about thirty feet per mile; and the coal can be carried on a good road for about one cent a ton per mile. The citizens of Nashville and the county of Davidson are now deeply interested in securing the stock to connect the residue of the distance in Tennessee, about fifty miles; and the Kentucky and Edgefield company have taken $205,000 of the stock. This road will secure to Nashville her fuel at the cheapest rate, and open a direct communication between the southeast and Atlantic sea- board from Florida to the Capes of Virginia; and as it starts at Henderson, opposite the centre of the great Wabash valley, from which the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Hast and West Florida, now get their supplies by way of New Orleans and the gulf, this com- munication will supply all the northern portions of those States with all their breadstuffs, stock, &c., at about as cheap a rate as it can be done when the articles arrive at Charles- ton or Savannah, so far as carrying is concerned ; and the road must, necessarily, be one of the greatest thoroughfares in the United States, embracing, as it does, every variety of cli- mate and agricultural production, and the shortest communication to the seacoast ; and the attention of the public is now being anxiously turned to this great work. The country over which it passes is nearly ‘‘ champagne”’ in Kentucky, and all highly agricultural. 654 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON STEAM MARINE OF THE INTERIOR. As the rivers of the great valley west of the Alleghany ridge—the Mississippi and its tributaries—constitute the most important portion of our river navigation, a full report of the business transacted upon those waters is very desirable, especially in this connexion ; as it would show not only the relative value of the commerce of the rivers, as compared with that of the lakes, but also the exchanges among the several dif- ferent points upon the rivers. Regrets have before been expressed that returns have only been received from a few of the more important river cities in detail. It is thought best, however, to state the amount of ton- nage employed in that trade, as the best means at hand of submitting proper approximate statements of the commerce of the great rivers. The character of the trade, and the principal articles of produce enter- ing into it, will be sufficiently shown by the detailed statements of the commerce of the largest cities. This trade has long been considered of the highest importance by our most distinguished statesmen, who foresaw the necessity of making provisions for its prospective augmenta- tion, as well as by the ee “commercial authorities who have ever advocated a liberal policy of internal improvements, and also by private individuals engaged in commercial affairs. Mr. Calhoun, in his able report to the Memphis convention, convened for the purpose of considering the valuable interests involved, amount- ing to more than three hundred millions, and to concert measures for improving the navigation of the ‘“‘western waters,’ says: ‘Looking beyond, to a not very distant future, when this immense valley—con- taining within its limits one million two hundred thousand square 1 miles, lying, in its whole extent, in the temperate zone, and occupying a position midway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, unequalled in fertility and the diversity of its productions, intersected by the mighty stream, including its tributaries, by which it is draimed, and which supply a continuous navigation of upwards of ten thousand miles, with a coast, including both banks, of twice that length—shall be crowded with population and its resources fully developed, imagi- nation itself is taxed in the attempt to realize the magnitude of its com- HiCECe. The trade on the Mississippi and its tributaries is now a matter of great public concern. By its rapid advance and its great future it claims equal notice with the foreign trade and the trade of the lakes, and perhaps more than either as one of the main sources of the wealth of the confederacy. The following remarks from De Bow’s Review show the interest that is felt in this matter: ‘‘ The free and uninterrupted navigation of these great inland waters must, of course, be a matter of prime interest to the country. They are to the populous nations on their banks as the ocean itself, over which commerce, not kings, presides. No construc- tion of State powers, as contradistinguished from Federal, can exclude these arteries of trade from the pale of government regard and protec- tion. They are points of national concern. No State, nor alliance of States, can apply the remedies which their exigencies require. No narrow views of economy, no prospective expenditure, however vast. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 655 could be allowed to deter the legislature of the Union from apprvaching the solemn act of duty which is involved here.” The following resolutions were, with others, adopted by the Mem- phis convention: ‘That safe communication between the Gulf of Mexico and the in- terior, afforded by the navigation of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, and their principal tributaries, is indispensable to the defence of the country in time of war, and essential also to its commerce. ‘That the improvement and preservation of the navigation of those ereat rivers are objects as strictly national as any other preparation for the defence of the country; and that such improvements are deemed | by this convention impracticable by the States or individual enterprises, and call for the appropriation of money for the same by the general government.” The following statements, compiled chiefly from a valuable and useful report, already referred to, on the steam marine of the inland waters, are presented here to exhibit the necessity for secure inland navigation, and as having a special bearing on the trade of the Mississippi valley and the St. Lawrence basin: ‘The order in which the several collection districts on the lakes and rivers of the interior are shown, commences on Lake Champlain, from which it extends up the St. Lawrence river and Lake Ontario to the Niagara river ; thence up Lake Erie, the Detroit river, and Lake Huron, to Michilimackinac; thence up Lake Michigan to Chicago; thence across the Mississippi river, and down that stream to New Orleans ; thus extending on a natural line of interior navigation, which has but two slight interruptions, from the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to those of the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of not less than 2,850 miles, upon which is employed, for purposes of trade and travel, a steam ton- nage of 69,166 tons.* The Ohio basin forms of itself a cross-section some 1,100 miles in length, embracing simply the districts on that river and its tributaries. “Immediately west of Lake Superior lies the Minnesota district, with a collector at Pembina, on the line between our own and the British possessions, and a deputy at St. Paul, on the Mississippi, within the Territory of Minnesota. This is a new district, and steamboats em- ployed on its waters have hitherto been enrolled at St. Louis. During the years 1850 and 1851, three or four good steamers ran regularly be- tween St. Louis and St. Paul, and Fort Snelling, two of which tock several large pleasure parties almost two hundred miles up the Minne- sota (St. Peter’s) river. A small boat (the only one yet built in the Territory) has been running the past year above the falls of St. An- thony, 1,700 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi. Steamers run earlier and later on the waters of the Minnesota than those of the region of the northern lakes, in the same latitude. ‘“‘Following the water-flow south from the Minnesota district, we reach the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi river, along which another inte- * This distance is traced from Montreal to Lewiston on the regular line of steamboat navi- gation; thence by land (the first interruption) to Buffalo; thence on the regular line of steam- boat navigation to Chicago ; thence by the Hlinois and Michigan canal (the second interrup- tion) and the INinois river, to the Mississippi; and by that river to the Gulf. 656 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON rior section may be constructed, to show separately the strength of that division of our steam-marine. This section presents the following re- sults : Steam-marine of the Mississuppr Valley. , No. of | Tonnage. | No. officers, |Passengers Districts. steamers. crews, &c. —_—_--—— | — | — | | Tons. 95ths. Minnnesota*.. .......02- 2/0) eini0; #:#ie:\6\i0) sinlie! «iol oh oie jal wiapiole! ole cope fodohesilaraysiellel stele lohebeets te teiete| teenie aie SECS ere ceceeh cones axe! ce bis. So iw oie sion eremia Bienes 131 | 31,833 92 2,340 367,793 Memphis... ..ccccesceccessccscsscsrecces 3 450 00 15 34,000 \GEkS NTITGN Ye AGRt OOO ce Ap anc Oo ub Oona 6 937 87 101 46,800 Nae eZ iaj-rr0 » skesiciekers diasravlelats iovieDein.cuakn o%eieha Al ianloh thas iove aNchs eel seactlcheneliete eeeiaie a, nce tera asians: «0 WWiew Orleans’. vies ct ts is Vt..| 155,000 SURO G81 eter vaeess |tkiere ae «oles smear 236,816 Plattsburg..... aaa INE YI SOOO WME: ota kate tdien hc iteale | B «jal setel 0 ake teeta 3,500 Ogdensburg.......... do. 60,562 (ea rigte - Re ets 104, 620 244,590 Sackett’s Harbor..... GOs cilet ayskonas ofeustnlicisiens ehaiPers sey che seer 9,902 1,240 iieloe WaperV teenth. ios ttl 6O.. Ole chet, crsints ig IM LIOOUL MA ee ee eo eee CENTER GIS Gg cdo a dO. cot eco 33,615 Q30 so. eieieeee ene meee ey: 56,675 Rochester. ...-...+e0. do. Q10) SUT, L8OY oe ose loliS seats a aetna eenenete 277,349 Memon ack do..| 92,987 | 45,944 |..... sv eee 2.400| 71,331 Belt Oy thenarelsons sient dos.) \171 5574) 9 38h, 586,249,000) ./2 coeds 26,280 622 , 423 Hiri@ spt stecercyaciate tavoteae.© 6 Bat GOGO a ciate ciocit gs verses 21. S20 ea eeeeeet 82,550 Ciemelamd sc oki siians aioe DIO aha iacciej eis valine none, aun 's ih. 00)}suel.ois jSysiaule aieushs isumiea lege teneliemete tian eee tats Sandusky City ..... sci: . 2190 ts BOC TOD eS siete ew olele ove icles keene eee 159,941 Poledows.. . See. GOREN BL GSD | | QR A ald = aocblete 250i) oto tele ten el ees ellen 31,842 DEtTONE So) 6 ew AS ee Mich.| 369,430 | 197,399 ale 352,000 | 918,829 Wiaekinaw: «.....<. 05 «6s COB S ha alba AMEE Rae eal yo codes MBoceceabeckc wise 41,212 CMicago .f.cccsss-.e Hl. 85,800" (71, 2a8 | 42170) eee eee eee | 198, 823 Motalngeets heienssied Ge 1,027,750 (1,325,911 | 86,000 | 27,872 | 486,540 | wad, 003 | reas \ “ae LINE CF THE MISSISSIPPI. : Z | | DEA Paul,: WManmesOta., . 5 eleva kaise so alelecs Soke eels ia|ie co eleieie;'s (ollerrouspqieical elle stele kale deci ie ie aaa St. Louis, Missouri........ PSST TIS IM Ae... RPE as 18,582 | 49,080 | 386,375 Memphis, Tennessee...... | Pee eracoa eA aap te a. 6 oleic le abeboaual ane Rog ouepce stent 34,000 34,000 Vicksburg, Mississippi.....' TOSSOO WIS le oie a cleitaracn ee (vemeiake 36,060 46,800 +Netchez,| Mississsppis +. s'sajrasr oo ves le severe esl eepeweowe IE wide cra lal Ste eee lve lial New. Orleans, Louisiana 2). 419,000 |Sa.208% .. cl aoc. Necuegai enters | 15,060 434,000 MOtal.'. s wie eee es MASS OVS siete che) eleohe als ate ctonerers 18,582 | 134,080 901,175 | LINE OF THE OHIO. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ...| 428,745 |.......... Jes e eee |S le wieletatermi| venga 466,656 Wheeling, Virginia.......-| 139,170 |.......... aa | 27,998 | 104,000} 271,168 Cimemnaty, OMe, « s . sic ce «| 270,796 OS 7. Glos «baie alllevereer eee 2,190,000 | 2,620,083 Madison, Indiana, in the | Gistriet of Cincinnati. ceale. <5 acne TO VAD ia ee ie o.0:8 cbs letelabe tcl eee ete 70,149 Louisville, Kentucky...... PAPUAN SCAU De eames bono 5 150,000 306,590 *New Albany, Indiana....|.......... lore eteiwisia ols eles ee © sole |s o.0 oe on//aialalseieieetene ote iemia Rts *Evansville, Indiana....... le 6 u Sete Me ilG ele a ene aia |; ore eR FLT NIM are 775 Nashville, Tennessees.s.¢ 44s)» ~ 2AB4O) bree aie ese Melek celeilere ele ated | MOG RB ICU ott 24,340 BPotalels accees shoe's s se | 983,051 | 265,936 |........ 28,773 | 2,481,911 | 3,759,671 * New districts. + No enrolments. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 659 RECAPITULATION. Lines. By steam-| By rail- | By ca-| By | By coer Total. boats. road. nals. | stages. eevee = a Northern frontier ......... 1,027,750 | 1,325,911 | 86,000 | 27,872 | 486,540 | 2,953,073 Mississippi valley...... aoc ey inves Se! (Byars COmeee: Sera tis 18,582 | 134,080 901,175 GANG ASEN fo ois ae 6 oo nine dn Des Nol ie 260,936 Hee on =. - 28,773 | 2,481,916 | 3,759,676 MSG Fo en ve evi ww tarereroe 2,759,314 | 1,591,847 | 86,000 | 75,227 | 3,102,536 | 7,614,924 It is not surprising that a first attempt to collect and embody this information should have fallen short of complete success at all points. The wonder is, rather, that so many facts should have been obtained, of a reliable character, as are given in the preceding tables. The de- ficiencies are few in number; and had more time been devoted to the collection of this particular class of facts in the Cuyahoga, Miama, and Vicksburg districts, they would have been hardly worth mentioning. There are several centres of interior commerce and navigation, at which it would seem of interest to know the radiation of trade and travel, as shown by natural and artificial channels of communication, and the boats and other descriptions of conveyance in or upon them. One of these centres is at the head of the Ohio river, another at the foot of Lake Erie, a third at the head of Lake Michigan, and a fourth on the Mississippi, below the outflow of the Illinois and the Missouri rivers. ‘The heavy commerce that centres midway of the Ohio valley, though reaching up the Muskingum, the Wabash, the Cumberland, and the Mississippi, by natural streams, and back into Ohio and Indiana by artificial channels, is more direct in its main lines, which extend to Pittsburg in one direction, and to New Orleans in another. In the frst and last of the four districts named, the number of boats and men, and the amount of tonnage, employed on each of the several streams to which the trade of those districts extend, as well as the travel upon each, are shown by the following subdivisions of the whole number of boats therein severally enrolled. Subdiwision of the St. Louis district. a sa | 2 ES | Bom ae: 2 oO ' OU: ma = = mE | & 3 | Pressure. 5, - a | G. on In what trade. Tonnage.| ‘6 x is Ee s o§ 3 2 a oe 296 eee 2 3° ® Bie | E 5 High. } Low = 8 Sy z 5 A it pe 2c) ame FE Tons. | Ailes 26 | To New Orleans...... dah 5) 628 | All. | None 64,008" |. 2.55: 1,995 27 | To Illinois river....... 4,527 412 | = a AG 799} aos - 320 ao | To Miss@uris 23°.252: 2. 6,148 495" Tt * <° e 57,284 |-.000. 1,780 42 | To Upper Mississippi. . 7,038 ti este ve 140,822 bene s.8 960 BD fi OCMED 5.5) 0 clare aaah cele 658 54, af USSU NGS ee se 200 5 | Ferry-boats.......000. 885 35 | « “ 49, 080 | San oe 1 131 31,833 | 2,340 | 366,798 |. 0400 sie t t 660 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Subdiwision of the Pitisburg district. # | g ) eee eo E 2 | : S) Pressure Z . : | os Z | i B ressure. & ce S iy Cae In what trade. | S oS ae ee a hed | eo Hoh jibe eegm talbals hi. hy Ee aos | &B 2. 3 nae a 2° 2) Fy : 2 High.| Low = s a =a ; = 20 = z : Zig usta BEA Chiat mien Kw OR —a | Tons | Miles. | 7 | Cincinnati..........- ba ; 92,4511 470] All. | None! 89,828] 479 |.... 16 | Monongahela river...... 1,332 224.“ cpt (i |W 2 6 eee 2 | Youghiogeny river...... 294 Dour Be 9,862 3 lees OF TBeavipe 1 EbWeNs «es cslels alas 203 30 Hin c$$ ee 70,600 BO Are". OV Wihee Ling 22 < oie acl eine ni asase 371 34s, aes a 19,600 ic 3 | Alleghany river......... 334 Aare re 7,000 SDP iis « » Su Aamesvalles, stavctalec cictactes.s 370 AA Ee cs 2:890 to RSE I... 42 | St. Louis, Nashville, &c. 8,817 1 OS Bila aas cer ROHS eet. » LS. | eramsient Moats seiccn ssl 1,500 CAT mee Ee 6a00") EA... 11*}Coal’steamers's.\c.< 0 se 2's 674 Bay ome regs Set eet Se 11 | Ferry steamers..,.....0. 594 44} § s 37,911 EB eess 112 16,942 | 2,589 466,656 |...... : a The main trade of each of the other four districts named is in a direct line from the second, nearly north and south, by Lake Michigan and the Illinois river, and the Illinois and Michigan canal; and from the third in a direction indicated by the course of Lakes Erie and Huron and that of the Erie canal. The points embraced by the rami- fications of travel, however, are more numerous; and hence the fol- lowing subdivisions are intended only to mclude them, and show the total number of passengers who arrived at and departed from the prin- cipal port of each of these districts, by the several descriptions of con- veyance mentioned, during the period included in all the preceding tables—the year ending 30th June, 1851. Buffalo subdivision. No. of passengers arrived at and Conveyance. departed from Buffalo. By ordinary steamers. ..eesccccccccccrccccscces ts nee 0 en o/s oe enlainieiels IBYPPEY| Taye UMPC MELS cain aie wise « js wiedlaln cmtasleleiale cwlclsn ete od acts cou dier/a/e'ere cueie mate 14,300 By ferry-boats....... sha ores. alain'se/aleteluee)ajs¥eleisiie's' «)ssie,0\e e)ence i sies Gieriae 26,280 By the Duttala and Rochester railroad spec 0. < sacs. osc ocsicisne cea eeuaen 262,386 By the Buitaloand Niagara Walls railroads... coun osiec o eons n oe Pee ae 119,200 By the Erie Cama sino <.0/0 on ajc sie sa) {ulus ney S)siaieies’< w aieilss alain «ccis/nisis wisiays Reig 43,000 622,423 "Botale cieactemclaccrs-c.suve eee eSareuneme e@eeeee ep ooaoevtene e@eeeeeoeaov eo eeeeeee2 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 661 Chicago subdivision. No. of passengers arrived at and Someyanee. departed from Chicago. By ordinary steamers....essccecereccscscccecscens slo's elas eles ccs 4 eaie 6 81,960 By propellers .....0sscccccccccesccncsnrceccsscces Relstel> syanicidieisies 21s, 5/4) 3,900 By the Galena and Chicago Union railroad... .-.+ see: a9) ¢ 05/0 ome winnie es 71,253 By the Illinois and Michigan canal......... ss Ss tocneeoo sb cece sesoed: 42,770 BUGEAD as meh * ene-ese chats 26/8 Bap 6 rie cele vce s ¢ 6.sie:d) aie sisiniei ese C6 mvece ses ee SUCTION sBamemenercsysusiele egoied e)*)\*)epeuesregene.sca site) eencmele isnvacicne4® 6, Caeae esa (slope encecceche! —e9 Chel, 0le/'e)PNeKe) © 6 ee eee enna jo e\wigy ere ee erele cake: eee eee SOM aS sfebeaerszecusieiere. 0. 2iel|\0s0x6 Lonel Ceekecieiie.aie) eye (ogexe aie ja aerele\eu®.elege:eusl|s!eue)*henec Abbe: ekepe 0) s050)/0) @)(SKe..0: * Oke OKe aie, 8 eugie S788 es) eerease ee ceieenelee Sees CI OSOUULA 00 O&F ‘LI 00 L66'9% Boone tae ccc te se cecleeeacer es ceersrersleasersssoccecseserseccs ree secssarseescrss OGROLUD SueusmoleeoporeusHoe-oh s/o ohsusasel exe cemecsin si 94% |< qen eur) vege oleesee her cleus | *inhe obeysemspe: sue vse) wjeneng|tyamsce cee) ge 8:8 10 gree neers) ier’ ene serene ¢ sisehs.? cee. eo SOU CANTITA ohekemele reno: oxelecedeicy|isis-emujensy es eieuayes 9At¢ jek egelelecye (shieie) °c. tie! ©) 6) Crear: earme ees epee cyeiene eis a \uemer r iacce eben © o Sege: Sie cree ei ereere cee ee? 2s DBULY ORM LYOL Al oh OOOO 00 OCF 0.0 OES IORCROSD.CRC ERO CSDOSCECEN IO; SO CREE OO*Os OGG (60s -00 "30.0 1ONOLCO OO OI ge OO FiO Oa a IE ay ee lad a ace icaeeamicene! 8 Y=) (| PpPeaeeesneaeeseneesiseeeeeveee2He eee 2289802888788 28 8 Oo @ Os08Q). 0 O00 SOOO O80 COO CE OO On CO OO OaCO sO SOOO ORC EI Ct MeO ACCT eC aC ICIS a It it SIC Yat tJ SC) TWBILTAT @eeeeaeee Gee @ @ 00 OSE Bpatoge-Cor es grote yenines > cee (aus: Messen * (cue Scauele) “14/0 siete ols enable) eissaiegs eels elehopereicie ware ed «sieievsesi* »- AMEN DIER 00 O&L‘T 99 €E8‘P 00 SL&‘TST‘S 00 SL6‘@96‘T 00 000‘68T SOE E TS SIRT OSS Hey 01 PUIG Steen eres eee sle esos ere cenasisarsrsserectsesasalsnressseesccrcceotisscscsserecsseseatiscsesssessceveseseres orsr onbsalg 00 000‘&F 00 001 ‘9F 00 891‘968‘9 60 899‘ Lee‘S OOO CGlaT \po 2) erence Saas OLE, eeoeoee4we8etesvsesveireeseseeevoeeese ene @ @ 00 007 ‘SET 00 000‘SOT 00 00r ‘OE Ser ee One rer ee a8 8 Oheie 2012 SC eiNSe’-* FOO SOUND) €y LIO‘ST LL 990‘9E 00 99S‘998% 00 916‘869‘T 00 0Sg‘EL9 Srel exci Uae aas bas Seietr doit e 88h SGC 1ANE (A) 00 000‘IT 00 800‘a1$ 00 £00‘6S2 00 869 ‘ELT 00 908‘S8 Sai Sigineers sip ¢ee-9)* TOGTOTT BAe ae Sy eoeveee@eeee2 e288 eevee eeveree828680¢ 00 PoP ‘9 00 GOR ‘T 00 699‘P BE EFAS BOIS SAMUI LGN ede 6S B6I‘GS 6S G6L'6I 00 006° spd oe ong Meese s Ss om ayBeeMAG) ePeeevetoeoeeooaeeoess@e Geers eese8e00/* © & 8 09 8 FOF 688 eo Raeiedcieger > *)* paai siege cle)*)® |e: 0¥e e14iesiahe) 9.054816 s)8\6\e|nie wfaleiee wiv cicine «/9\e ss el DTAUEL a) 00 00¢$ 00 ser‘ Loss 00 ssp‘ Lees 00 000‘0%$ os ai 4ididi siolsisieieveieseie hekee e < MOULIONA eeeeooseee ees ecsaoaeeese ee eve 0 eeeoeenee toe @ *$90H129 UO | ‘s][TnY uO "[240,T, "S908120 UOC ‘s][nY uO “SPOLISICT ‘pred sossory *poinsul JUNOWY ‘TERT ‘0g aung surpua wvah ay) sof ‘sorsaqua ay) fo s20vLjsi~p Uor -299]09 jo.Uanas ay) ur ‘saIDIC’ pajwuyy ay? fo saoduna pun sjassaa Uo ‘pind sasso) fo pun ‘uayn) sysrs ausou fo qunown ay fo quauaojg COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 663 The total amount of property thus shown to have been destroyed on the lakes and rivers of the interior, in the course of the year which ended on the 30th day of June, 1851, is much below the common esti- mate. But it is here presented only as an approximation, to receive just so much respect as statements made up in the manner of this are generally entitled to. It is perhaps quite as likely to be near the truth, however, as the exaggerated estimates usually made in such cases by interested parties who have a particular purpose to subserve. And with reference to it, must be steadily borne in mind the fact, heretofore mentioned, that the year embraced was one of unusual exemption from serious disasters on the lakes and interior rivers of the United States. A list, containing the names of 618 steamboats lost on the rivers of the Ohio basin and the Mississippi valley, from the period of the first introduction of steam navigation thereon to the close of the year 1848, has been prepared by Captain Davis Embree, one of the oldest steam- boat masters ever engaged upon the western waters. This list shows the place where, and the time when, each of the boats so lost was built; the amount of its tonnage; the date of its loss; the length of time it had been running when lost; its original cost; the depreciation of its value by use; and the sum finally lost in its de- struction. Ofthe 618 boats it embraces, 45 were lost by colliszons, 104 by jires, and 469 by snags and other obstructions to nayigation. The following statement shows aggregate results: | } Causes. Number of | Tonnage. [Original cost.|Depreciation | Final loss. boats. of value. »e Tsai 5 pA Fac ean Ak apnea | rane, ean ey a) baie Seer Lost by collisions...... AB) 7,769 | $730,286 | $346,762 $383,524 Lost by fires.......... 104 | 22,058 | 2,064,512) 1,096,143 968,369 Lost by snags......... 469 | 79,261 | 7,104,950 | 3,733,852 | 3,368,088 Pobieesils Hew: 618 | 109,088 | 9,899, 748 | 5,176,757 | 4,719,991 | | The losses sustained through explosions, collapsing of flues, and bursting of steam-pipes, are not included in this statement. With reference to losses of those descriptions, some interesting information is given at the close of Captain Embree’s list, as also concerning the average life of steamboats on the western waters, the subjects of marine insurance thereon, the monthly and yearly cost of running boats, &c. The history of the rise and progress of the steam-marine of the United States is one of the most interesting and wonderful things in our national advancement. Although one steamboat was built at Pittsburg as early as the year 1811, and although eleven other boats were built on the Ohio river and its headwaters within the next five years, it was not until the year 1817 that steam navigation could be said to have been fairly introduced upon the Mississippi and its tributaries. Previous to this year, there were twelve steamboats upon these waters, having an aggregate carrying capacity of 2,235 tons. From 1817 to 1834, the number of boats increased to 230, and the aggregate of tonnage to 39,000 tons. In 1842 there were 475 boats on the same waters: in 1851 this number had been increased to 60]. 664 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Official reports made to the Treasury Department in 1842, stated in detail the steamboat tonnage on the Mississippi and its tributaries in that year. The following table shows the increase from 1842 to 1851. Comparative Statement. | Tonnage. Districts. | | 1842. 1851. Increase. Decrease. New! @rleansits os. Taek ockts tenes oo 28,153 34,736 GS8S™ eteseeteeye oe Saint Louis. .....0cccciecsssereceee 14,725 31,834 15 AO8 012): seein aes « @ Orichibenn “SBR Ad oe Adee adaraed a5 - 12,025 24,709 12 G84 eee eek are EAGESD UES 1c e's ceiaiee s se c's aa icie'as oral elole 10,107 16,943 G Sa0 oer emia see ss Womisyilleteye eyelets cla cj. eee 2,500 On the Mississippi river and its tributaries.....-.-...... 6,414 On’the Ohio river - and its tributaries; ........2%¢0h 4 ee 8,938 The tabular views of vessels lost on the waters of the interior, shows a total loss of 118—76 on the rivers, and 42 on the lakes. Of this whole number, 35 were lost by tempest, 31 by fire, 19 by collision, and 33 by snags. All the losses on the rivers were of the class of boats denominated “ ordinary steamers” in this report. Nearly all the losses on the lakes were of sail-vessels, schooners and brigs. The loss of lives, as shown by same tabular view, amounted to a total of 695 for the year—628 on the rivers, and 67 on the lakes. This statement is probably under the truth, except as to the Cincinnati dis- trict, which is thought to have more assigned to it in the table than its real proportion of the fatal calamities of the year. But this information is always difficult to obtain, and can hardly be had in an entirely re- liable form without a more determined and longer-continued effort than was possible in the present instance. GRAND RESULT. The entire steam-marine of the United States, employed on the coast and in the interior, separate and combined, is shown in the following tabular view, with the aggregate tonnage thereof, the total number of persons engaged upon the same as officers, crew, &c., and the entire number of passengers, distinguishing between those conveyed upon ferry-boats and those conveyed upon steam-vessels of all other descrip- tions. United States steam-marine. Description of vessels. No. | Tonnage. | No. of | Pressure. Passengers | officers, carried annu- | crew, ally. | &e. High. | Low. Coast. | Tons. 95ths. Ocean steamers..... Coe w'ainefesie 8% 96 | 91,475 60 | 4,548 3 93 190,993 Ordinary steamers... ..+ecccesces 382 | 90,738 40 | 6,311; 152] 230 3,782,572 Prometletgtiealei\es sie ajeie ©. cele ie chee 67 | 12,245 73 542 50 17 53,705 Steam ferry-boats...-ceccesceces 80 | 18,041 13 369 10 70 | 29,315,576 DLotal coast. jj sie ere ei alotektnia & elmatew © 14,651 5,900 IVS GECIGs aiialeihe a chad mic plone. dite sigeaeyotan 24,950 87,280 Skins, bear wis -| 240 960 | SOE AYS a aare Sew eh, aes wee a 6% cele ata eee eae | 67,600 49,648 | ROAD: Chinvaaies- chee ateneeia ee hdaais sh, Clie ih eee 15,924 9,082 | SHAVES wpo5). s- sealed ye asta oueyal bs iaiigiedapendl ate mee 278, 422 147,654 | BAAR aro icdsu sofa k e\ets Vine ase ere eee mete ne 11,827,350 10,265,759 | SS DAMMISIE PAGES! . Sree ee che a olan swivel wlele ome Bawa ) 34,976 8,832 | ROT MERE aids Hatin Gov weed 'e wilie hie dente oleate 26,140 148,590 | F isel 2523) Ng NANI SS ook ils |” 7,196,185 4,144,562 | MIE) ack ies se cuss Se ances = an ews & | 18,728 4,404 | WMA Ty ole ie) blesiei wie’ aso oe asty 0% oisiniereudine) sai eile’ | 502 675 | a Sy aie aye ad avalon arn! Sra) ns chi, 00S maimed eee aioe 1,097,640 936,832 WV IMAG W-WIASS pce en bow cicacce Seas iadnniues « 48,127 11,324 BUY breil: Ss. Sereda teen ede hss ee ne a 129,836 807,572 Other various articles, estimated............6. 5,000,000 5,000,600 Pate ee ee ERG. oe re, | 108,051,708 77,193,464 1841-42. 446,274 521,912 783,991 443,149 21,986 50,572 10,981 86,511 156,100’ 24,425,115 7,528 357,434 37,940 14,372 3,390 55,292 3,956 10,422 9,588 2,198,440 250,000 18,165 32,461 65,540 7,084 1,138,919 16,920 415 1,053,815 450,000 337,969 66,676 10,675 183,300 337,215 3,000,000 45,716,045 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 675 The annexed table exhibits the total valuation of property from the interior during the last eleven years. Meats wipes she $108,051, 708 PTA: ih aie rs win ow 62 106,924,083 LS. pa ans ees 96,897,873 eS cae cgceaeen s 81,989,692 i cara etsaven cs 79,779, 151 90,033,256 $77,193, 464 57,199, 122 60,094,716 53,728,054 45,716,045 Statement showing the value of exports and umports at New Orleans, annu- ally, from 1834 to 1851, anclusive. Value of exports. Foreign mer- chandise. Total. Value of im- ports. | | Le Year. Domestic pro- duce, &c. TESA ies 2s Pepetaieratehhiaus vier s: as $22,848,995 USE oe OE ee er S 31,265,015 Rte keee dvus ose es aie Wn acece 6 32,226,565 BOST oo. o's Datertats rs atcs. ses e's 31,546,275 PSAs siois aise: soe aie itstershelyie) == 30,077,534 3 eS eae 30,995,936 LBA. S32 Die Ces LOE 32,998,059 MSSM aia ietota ares aratae ate. ch's see! sh 32,865,618 PR Pi esa alain Tas ele tas: = 8 we 27, 427,422 DSi ere eats ote aa oe os so = 26, 653 , 924 MAAS cio aw cele sols Sirifeh teas rare 29 , 442,734 lke: Eee sho eo ee ook 25,841,311 1846.50 S00 5 Sisto eeacohs cap eco 200 30,747,533 KSEE or wats 40 Mrsitiidis Ny a’ e so 6 41,788,303 PEAS! vice. s'e ei tery RO meh ates 39,350,148 oo COO ON MER ORC ACER - 36,957,118 RN rice) ei ketniainne mio niae.a a 0 36,698,277 Dho oe Se oat Ne ph aig Re 53,968,013 82,797,917 5,005,808 4,953,963 3,792, 422 1,424,714 2° 185,231 1,238, 877 1,521,865 on 1,055,573 1,316,154 233 660 1,617,229 654,549 407,073 445, 950 425,646,912 36,270,823 37,179,828 35,338, 697 31,502,248 33, 181,167 34,236,936 34,387,483 28,386,175 97,390, 424 30, 498, 307 97,157,465 31,275,704 42,021,963 40,967,377 37,611,667 38, 105,350 54,413,963 $13,781,809 17,519,814 15,113,265 14,020,012 9,496,808 12,064,942 10,673, 190 10,256, 322 8,031, 190 8,170,015 7,826,759 7,345,010 7,222,941 9,292 504 9,380, 439 10,050,697 10,885,775 12,958,294 Statement of the receipts on account of dutves collected at New Orleans from 1835 to the 30th of June, 1852, mclusive. |S rile ats Ci dete iialalias eae SS Se 1, 422,341 03 HOM ome Me ose 594,132 70 A638.So0.2 Meret a 1, 725,447 75 Tes: pepe a Sake ee nena 1,227,131 19 BU baste ome Bie oelss 1,143,322 31 1841. 852,958 90 $880 2, ie wee she aibik am Mie 883,234 85 18 OB eh Oe - 385,596 29 961,365 86 | eveerreeeesne eoeveeeeerereeve e@oeeeeoeseene eeeeoeveneove $857,131 12 1,218,435 24 988,973 48 734,578 82 2,115,219 69 1,565,845 34 1,961,859 71 2,319,370 21 2,282,082 28 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 676 999° 16p 196 GEG 868 OL8 G19 ‘861 GEE 9ST ‘FEI R6E LE6‘698 Eh8 6Y6°6VE 968 LET '8s1 Nfs 788 ‘PLL PLE 069°L8F TéL't GPP Gor 860‘T PEG T61 LIV £06‘ 96T GLP 66P‘98E 660'T 90T'996 O16. 619 ‘BPT G9E QL9“SOT OLE 8L8'0bP BEI “I 985°BOF GLO‘T 991 °99T LOE 650° OLT E66 ILP‘Sré ~| €16 GLL'CTE 166 €60‘O1T PLE PL8‘ITl 996 POTSELE O16 186'698 GLO‘T 19S‘ 66T 1g 6IL‘96T as 90L‘8EE 000°T 186°01€ 800‘T 960‘ TOT 686 GOL ‘66 186 OLT‘ELE 860°T G0S° TSE 990‘T 169° 08 ere OST ‘06 ECS BLL'LTE C98 GLE‘SSS 981 999 ‘EL ic 869 ‘SL GEC GOS*LTE 000°T LE9I‘P9S GPG LLG ‘BL 656 peo‘ Th 6S TLE‘0SE Crh t LLY‘SSS 166 ose ‘éL 69 GEL ‘EL BGS 660'GES G86 COL‘ERT BEB GLL “PS 806 8199S 616 ELG‘656 GE6 906681 GBL GI ‘GP 891 PSI ‘EP 691 980°166 7S8 CEP‘9ET ve9 CBG ‘Sh 981 Ch9 ‘PP PLI 816° S6T CEB LOL‘OFT €1L OLL‘8P 061 P66‘ 0S 01% 691 ‘96I £06 OLE‘9ST 1&8 QLL‘8S LIE 069‘8S 91 62881 66L OS§‘9ET 60L 669 ‘TL LES 661 ‘L9 RE T09‘9PT etekenm le. sere se." CEREET e-9)b ee 0.8.6 6 0g¢‘o9 Saetereioue ie 9Fe‘Z9 ie! ene eke 968° LPT eonetuseoes G6LG‘CZT eve see eeoe 069‘6S eee cece CFG ‘9G sieleyna eve, TTS‘0ST ow. G16 16 WeneLe « CLL Te Ben OROCE PONG acc‘Eec @ ereleiene 6 17¢‘s¢s¢ eocecoee DEE ‘GPT 0. e.e eieLarece: ome 9£9‘QIT eeoececeeese L1g‘9€ eevee ce E6E ‘CE merece) O 668" 061 svete: elaviebene CLS‘O01 eevee eno ee at ee wiecekewhe s cece eoeoseve GLO PEL eeese eee oe GLO‘OLL ese eeeeeee TEL ‘Re eeece ° 16L‘6& eeoeevee €€0' 061 eoveesoanve 76G‘L6 ereceseven OTG‘0E coe cece LE6‘0S ewe ete eye. L80‘I6 CeOm me et aCe EIESL coerce eoe.s EG ‘CS oeoe5eeee CEO ‘ES evcvecee “suo T, “ORT “suo [, ‘ON “suo J, “ON “suo T, “ON, *porreayy ‘pole *porre[g *poerequoy “TV LOL "STUOSSHA NDITUON PSG" 666 GP9 OLL‘P6I GS 008" 11G €6P ¢90‘SLI CGS 9Gh £66 PIL GPG ‘666 989 188‘ L8G 199 SbF ‘00% 009 GIT’ VLG IPL LLU‘ GEG 689 8hP 8E% 669 868 ‘£06 Gc9 EPS FG 689 896‘ LES Oe 0G0° LES ILL CBS‘ TIS LGL ELV‘ G6G 808 650‘ 19% €&8 OLL ‘FHS PP9 LLL‘ 6LI 79S 886 '1hG IPL £00‘ E61 £89 160! LLG 0g8 66S ‘SRT GLO GG: LLL 789 LES ‘96 €09 96‘ LIS POL GOL GET $19 E99 SLT 899 06L‘T6 09F 88° LPL 6E9 £68 ‘C6 606 T6E LEI L8¢ 089‘ L6 SIS 0&6" GIT 97 11°69 [gg 10°98 ceeeeoen OLY UL esecee 96698 teseneesl 70 ¢ag co. ESL °96 evoeseese TES‘9L eoecee LTO 901 eeeeeccoe EFS‘ER eoeeves Lg9" 18 ea et ee) 089‘ L9 eeeeece I¥€ °G8 a he ee) 168‘ 9L cee ese oe oe “suo [, “ON “suo y, > “ON *porva[g *porayuy “STUSSHA NVOIMANY Fe tee esses erogy Peete ee sree enor vette eee eee or bias # Raree = gua teen tree eee ery por Peete eee ee ergzar eT ae ns tay Peete ee ere ee eppor Peete e eee neee ar OES oh Peete ee ee ee eegg ar teeter eee eee poar EE Fete eee eee GOT Peete ener eee gear Fete reece ee aggT Peete eee seep gor glace en Se eT Peete eee e ener Fete eee ee Tear Fhe tees cree eeQggoT On cs Peete ee ere ee eeQeQT ETS OE eh "S129 X “aMsnjour ‘TGRT 02 OZQT worl hjnnuun pasveja pun pasaqua yorym ‘sunapIgQ Many Jo, 7904)SUp ay? Ue apni) usralof ur pahopdrua ‘acnuuo) 40.94) Osyo pup “sjassaa usra..0f pun unnrsawpr fo saqunu ay, Supgryxa quawavIg—()T ‘ON , COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 677 MOBILE, ALABAMA. Mobile is situated on a bay and river, bearing the same name, just at the point where the latter enters the former, and about thirty miles from the entrance of the bay into the Gulf of Mexico. It is in latitude 30° 40’ north, and longitude 88° 21’ west. The city is on the west side of the river, distant from Pensacola, Florida, 55 miles; from New Orleans 160 miles ; from Tuscaloosa 217 miles; and from Washington 1,013 miles. It had a population in 1830 of 3,194 persons ; in 1840, of 12,672; and in 1850, of 20,513; showing, from 1830 to 1840, a duplication about once in five years, and from 1840 to 1850, a rate of duplication once in about sixteen years. About forty miles above the city, Mobile river is formed by the junction of the waters of the Tom- bigbee and Alabama rivers. These latter are both navigable for steam- ers, and a portion of the distance for vessels. Steam navigation on the Tombigbee extends to 'Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Columbus, Missis- sipp'. Vessels requiring five or six feet draught of water can ascend to St. Stephens, about ninety miles from the bay. The Alabama river is navigable by steamers to Montgomery, three hundred miles ; and by vessels drawing five to six feet, one hundred miles, to Claiborne. Mobile bay is about thirty miles in length, with an average breadth of twelve miles. The principal channel from the gulf has a depth of eighteen feet water at low tide, and on the upper bar, near the mouth of the river, there is about eleven feet at low tide; and eighteen to nineteen feet at high water. Owing to this fact, vessels of heavy ° draught, when laden, have to proceed to sea at high tide. The tonnage registered and enrolled at this port, in 1840, was 17,243; in 1841, it was 15,714; in 1846, 22,537; and in 1851, it was 27,327 tons. The tonnage entered and cleared from and to foreign ports in those years was as follows: Years. Entered. Cleared. Total. | Tons. Tons. Tons. Bee ern tacit tae aE aa cas oe cte ck Sa oc a> Gin. b'e,50 bee ' 60,548 83,276 143,824 Tie Fee re oi ee: | 77,190 97,051 174,241 ees pes WE LIC o wart AN RRIS ENS aes 6 delbic slo obald’ 55,684 | 121,265 176,949 The region of country around Mobile, and flanking Mobile river and its various auffluents, possesses a soil of the most fertile character, which, being reduced to a high state of culture, must look to Mobile as the depot for the shipment of surplus products, as well as the entrepo for all foreign supplies, or necessaries not produced in that section. The face of the country is level, and remarkably adapted to the cheap con- struction of railways. It will be seen by reference to page 289 of this report, that this feature in the topography of the country has not been overlooked, and that several very important lines of railway are already under contract, and in progress toward completion, which must largely increase the commerce of Mobile, not only with the surrounding coun- try, but with foreign ports. The following statistics of the trade and 678 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON commerce of the port during several years past, compiled from various authentic sources, will show, that with only some five or six hundred miles of river navigation by which to reach the interior, her business has reached a very enviable position, both in imports and exports. It should be remembered, moreover, that Alabama is, comparatively, a new State, and more sparsely settled than many others, all parts of which are more directly accessible by natural channels. Mobile can hardly be said to have commenced her growth till since 1830, since which period she has grownin a more rapid ratio than any other south- ern city. The agricultural resources of the State of Alabama are sup- posed to be second to those of hardly any other for the production of the staple articles of that climate ; and when, three years hence, nearly every portion of the State will become directly connected with Mobile by the completion of her system of railways, it may well be expected that the growth of that city will increase beyond all previous periods of her history. Statement showing the exports and destination of cotton from the port of Mo- bile during the last ten years ending August 31. Years. | Great Britain.| France. Other foreign | United States. Total. ports. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. SE Ls eMete eae se hette 307,513 95,917 27,048 144,626 575,104 Si ics sie Sots Selb 250,118 46,005 26,373 96,029 418,525 MSU ANe elas tats oh Coke 162,189 39,973 11,927 11) ,452 325,541 Se ota ein) wy nis) d vw late 290,836 63,290 44,525 140,993 539,642 WS4S% . 0 3s Pan tie tetere 228,329 61,812 29,070 120,350 439,561 MOAT i. bie a abhabeSee 6 131,156 39,293 19,784 116,674 306,907 MASE OIE. ve coisre, oy ave jsrtere 206,772 66,821 26,824 115,164 415,581 MSA aiicisil si c\clreseag ti. bila 72 269,037 68,789 52,811 130,601 521,238 bei Vs Whe ae th Ste Dc 204,242 49,611 18,885 195,714 465,462 HOS o ret va. cis aware oiaio's 385,029 53,645 26,903 113,668 479,245 Sy) oe AI Oona ove 185,414 49,544 6,919 77,161 319,038 { This statement exhibits very little evidence of an extension of the area cultivated during the series of years presented, which is a cor- roboration of the necessity for easy communication with a market. After the opening of the railways, no doubt a rapid gradual increase in the exports of cotton will be observed. Besides cotton, a large quan- tity of staves, lumber, and naval stores are shipped from Mobile sea- ward. ‘The business in staves and lumber, during the last three years, was as follws : Articles. 1852. 1851. 1850. . PSUAMIES sls wast candy Re aR Mate: sien wees bielo Sie am No.. 228,481 360,779 677,943 awed Lumber. siiyisie bine s tai si alee Ale bisie nid feet... “10,189,655 6,816,054 | 7,293,896 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. - 649. Statement showing the quantity of some of the principal articles of imports into the port of Mobile during the last five years ending August 31, 1852. Articles. 1852. 1851. | 1850. | 1849. 1848. aU oie: haw, nas fold, a Glnle's)pmeicsue s 17,032 30, 402 24,901 29,200 | 27,275 aaa ie ater ahs, 20a a 56, os oS afer ese m 8h Sn 0 0) * 16,585 30,926 22, 460 26,679 | 27,011 Bacon ....seeeee eevee poten Be Seg 11,500 16,637 9,269 6,482 | 11,392 Ret eae cee eats Cet ok ew ales a 28,538 25 , 236 18,928 26,104 | 26,415 OC aE ea One ee eee 5 oceania 83,380 98,086 79,038 25,013. | al, 000 LC ee ae Sroetela lesen ' saaiate, aiar 74,329 95,054 70,570 52,311 | 33,069 Beret Sani |<, 6's eh Le Peis adc ee als 26 , 852 27,143 235189 17,470 | 11,787 Ladies st dese. « 6 SOR Uk SPR ie aac are 22,48] 20,021 10,562 8,044 | 10,914 re soo 6s) sw wausiis 0 oe’ 31,027 23,745 195/322 A Loo 9,893 MONS idle sieceve win os. sislcledcese' a abs: ¢ 18,095 23,673. 18,042 10,647 | 15,245 Oats ot asses cts s BOs cleat sat far 6 ide epee iors 20,985 29,121 12,429 15,290 | 13,160 Pa VME Bhatia! a. weed: 0/6: na oi-.)o. aoe eee 18,971 Value’ot home-made tmanutactures ). POS o Yo ee $75,082 Value’ or ‘anmars clauehtercd(:| 00.) vse. a eee ee $514,685 4, It seems that, in proportion to the quantity of improved lands, Florida produces more cotton than any other State. So, also, in pro- portion to the slave population, she produces more cotton than any other slave State. So, also, in proportion to her entire population, she produces more cotton than any other State of the Union. 5. She produces more sugar (from cane) in proportion to the lands in Cultivation, and also in proportion to her slave population, and also in proportion to her entire population, than any other State of the Union, except Louisiana and Texas. 6. Florida raises a greater quantity of tobacco than any of the other States, except Connecticut, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Ten- nessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri; and, in proportion to the lands in cultivation, and to the population, greater than several of those States. She raises a greater number of bushels of sweet pota- toes than any State of the Union, in proportion to the land in cultivation, and slave population, and aggregate population. 7. The number of cattle in Florida compares with that of any State, in the same way. 8. No account of oranges, figs, olives, plantains, bananas, yams, or other tropical fruits, or of the coompty or arrow-root, or Sisal hemp, or other tropical productions, can be given at this time from this office. There is great difficulty in estimating the value of the different pro- ducts of the different States, and of the same products in different States; but, from a general and hasty estimate from the best data I can refer to, and from comparison, I am satisfied the value of the agricul- tural products of Florida, (of course in the State,) in proportion to the area of improved lands, and to the population, slave or free, and both, will compare favorably with the value of the products of any State of the Union. When, therefore, the lower value of the land and of the agricultural implements used is estimated, and also the superior health COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Tilt of the State is considered, your anticipations of the comparison being advantageous to your State will be realized. Floridais behind many of the States in her corn crop, and she raises but a small quantity of wheat, rye, or oats; and it appears the value of all investments in the State of Florida in cotton manufactures is $80,000, which is of cotton goods—making 624,000 yards of sheeting annually. It is impossible at this moment to furnish the statistics of the lumber business in Florida, which amounts to a large sum annually. I have the honor to be, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOS. C. G. KENNEDY, Superintendent. Hon. E. C. CaBett. F. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register’s Office, August 25, 1852. Dzar Str: I havecaused aclerk to compile the memoranda desired by you of the statistics of commerce and navigation in Florida in 1850—’51, which are as follows: d5G; amiparts) frony foreign ports. su. ops wines. dab dee $95,109 OS6 Even ssi. @oet elyunune doteiion Jo _corarelos.j3ae ted 94,997 ice iexpdttentadoreen ports: yi \inni.cn e.edso suomi 2,607,968 It sto ali siex Oe sails dot pamiaaubay isis Lek OIE. Be. UeiGe 3,939,910 Tonnage in 1850, 9,365 tons; in 1851, 11,272 tons. Of the exports in 1850, $2,546,471 was from Apalachicola; and in 1851 there was $3,858,983 from the same port. In 1851 the foreign exports from St. Mark’s were $61,755. Much more than half of the tonnage of the entire State is from Key West. Of the value of shipments of foreign or domestic merchandise or products from and to Florida ports, coastwise, to and from other ports of the United States, no returns are made to the treasury. It is pre- sumed that the value of the shipments of cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, lumber, tar, turpentine, and other products of Florida so shipped coast- wise, vastly exceeds the value of the foreign importations. The exports, foreign and coastwise, trom Florida ports, creatly exceed the products of the State. This you will perceive by com- parison of the Census Office returns, and estimating them with the statistics you can procure from the chamber of commerce of each port, or merchants, of the coastwise exports, adding the latter to the foreign exports above given. ‘This is accounted for by the fact that a large | amount of the products of the States of Alabama and Georgia is sent to the Florida Gulf ports for shipment. I have the honor to be your obedient servant, N. SARGENT. Fi2 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Steam-marine of the United States on the Gulf of Mexico, from Cape Sable to the Rio Grande. B. hg Sit eo 2 log . 21 8 Districts. 2 b J 5 3 3 : S S = 3 = ay a BS e S = | 6 2 oe) © AY a6 4 oO we eel ee Tons and 95ths. | mt. Mark?s Mloniddc. ste é slsjoe °°10, and 711... Se 191,012,086 206, 309 ,953 33 ,274, 408 Fate, 713; and. *)4..... Ze 54,703, 407 65,726,400 8,087,628 eee inne tors cascis ss 74,548,796 82,998, 747 17,529,244 Edel, 22, ANG 23... 4056 408,560,381 443,291,770 64,638,062 In 1849> 50} and “51.0. os. 2,560,715, 584 2,589, 220, 962 250,696,900 In fiGa2 no: 2 o.). Sow mre ‘git oie 1,081, 492,564 1,093,230, 639 87,965,732 The official returns show that the increase of the aggregate of the exportations of all kinds of domestic raw cotton, since it has become a prominent article of foreign commerce, (except whilst the embargo of 1808, and the war of 1812, 1813, and 1814, affected our foreign trade, or when adventitious and unfavorable circumstances shortened the crop,) has been unchecked and regular. That increase, since 1805, has been upwards of twenty-eight-fold in quantity, and more than me hundred per centum in value, and the steadiness of the augmentation will be manifest by taking the aggregate of each successive three years after 1804, down to and including 1852, omitting only the years when all the commerce of the United States was shackled and reduced, as above noticed. 728 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The wmportations of foreign raw cotten into, and the exportations of foreign raw cotton out of, the United States, (the difference being con- sumed in the United States) are stated below for certain years, as taken from the treasury returns: Imports of foreign raw | Exports of foreign raw Difference. cotton. cotton. Years. Pounds. | Dollars. | Pounds. | Dollars. | Pounds. | Dollars. In i805, "Gand “7.3.66 7,881,415 | 1,831,327 | 6,494,439 | 1,506,610 | 1,386,976 | 324,719 In 1821, °22, and ’23....| 1,256,614| 239,020 | 1,093,362} 203,327) 163,242] 25,732 In 1849, °50, and *51....| 584,127 29,622; 184,034 11,340 | 400,093; 18,682 LT Se A RBA RAS abe 244,548 12,021 | sccccscersscceccsces| 244,040) Moock The quantities and values for every year have not all been found in the treasury returns; but the one may generally be estimated from the other, and from the prices of domestic cotton the same year. It ap- pears that the price of some foreign cotton was formerly very high; but the average of medium “upland” domestic cotton is now too great for the forergn cotton imported. As before observed, the entire exports of 1790, ’91, and ’92, are set down as foreign raw cotton; insomuch as they were less than the imports of same cotton in same years. ‘The total amount of the crops of the United States in those three years has been variously estimated; but the accounts of the imports and exports of foreign raw cotton, (before stated with explanations,) show that the cotton then produced in the United States was not sufficient for the do- mestic consumption in those years ! Our importations have swelled in the aggregate from about $388,000,000, in 1805, ’6, and ’7, to $542,220,689, in 1849, ’50, and ’51. In the year ending June 30, 1852, they amounted to $212,613,282. In considering this increase, it should be recollected that this statement does not show the increased consumption in the United States, of the foreign articles, which in some instances is greater than appears by such account. In former years a large portion of these importations was destined for exportation from the United States to foreign countries, and was not consumed here. We received the freights upon such of them as were carried in our ships, in or out; and import duties, less the drawback on exportation, and the incidental expenses of storage, &c. This ‘car- rying” trade has decreased more in proportion than any other. ‘The following account of such aggregate importations and exportations of all foreign merchandise, and likewise the next following account as to foreign cotton manufactures imported and exported in different periods, will illustrate these remarks. The difference is the true amount of such importation consumed in the United States. ‘The accounts, or general tables, annually published by the treasury, do not direct attention to past changes in the course and character of our trade, commerce, and mavigation; and therefore its true decrease or increase, and its actual COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 729 vetrogression OY progress, in every respect, is not manifest without close investigation of several different tables. The value of importations and exportations of foreign merchandise, and ‘ difference,” (being the amount conswmed in the United States,) in certain periods, were as follows: 7 Years. Imports. Exports. |Difference, con- sumed in U.S. 1790, 91, aNd "92. cecccsccsccsccvucrveces $83,700,000 $2,804,295 $80,895, 705 1793, "94, and BOL ya rave’ Saainloreleapelo elousicteeiewiniegl 135, 456, 268 17,125,277 118,330,991 PI9G Ol, ANG 9Os.6 0 ccc cecsersesaseseses| 995,367,220 86,300,000 139,067,270 1799; 1800, and ’L....scscsesseeeeesesseee] 981,685,497 | 131,296,598 | 150,388,829 1802, 3, ands’4.s..0c..cc..sscseeeeeeses] 295,999,999 |. 85,600,640 | 1407399,359 Be pd Foon ote ce osossco ote. cosas |, 388,510; 300 | 179,105, 813,|. 215, 404, 18% 1808 (embargo)..ccsusssecsesesecsieceee 56,990,300 | 12,997,414 | — 437999°586 1809, °10, and *Il....++sscseccceeseeesese] 198,200,300 | 61,211,616 | 136,988,384 1812, °13, and ’14 (war) ...ssseseeeeseeeeel 112,000,000 | 11,488,141 | 100,511,859 Weis ie. and 17.........- vececessesseee| 359,394,974 | 430795975 | 316,314,999 1818, °19, and Q0....cucscenecccnesees] 283,325,300 | 56,600,408 | 296,7247592 1821, 22, and 3. c.ccsseseseceseccsseees| 223,406,502 | 71,132,312 | 15279747190 1994, 25, and 126...0.cccececcscresseeee] 261,863,559 | 82,467,412 | 179,396,147 1827, 28, and '29.....ssseuesecsssssseee] 242,486,419 | 61,656,631 | 180,829,788 1830731, and °32...ccessessecescccscecee] 275,097,310 | 58,460,478 | 216,636,832 1833, 34; and 35. ..+66.+..- vescessseeees|. 384,535,385 | 63,640,041 | 390,895,344 1636, Si, and BG...5..s..ccscscceseesessl 444,686,656 | 56,054,117 | 388, 632,599 1839, 40, and “41. ..s.cscccceeeeesseceeee] 397,179,828 | 51,153,918 | 3467925,910 1842, °43, and '44....cccscececsceesceees] 273,350,921 | 2977597102 | 24375917819 Beieg and 7s. cc oes c's wn ccssseseet 385,491,999 | 34°704°611 | 350,787,388 1848, °49, and °50..cccscsesssecsecseseese] 480,994,685 | 4971727988 | 43178217697 Dae Nobles corte ais facicssyes's ae « wicuinte 216024, 990"! «21,698, 293) bs ,)940526,699 Doone cc ens| (212,613,069 |, 12,087,013 | 200,576 559 The “bullion and specie” imported and exported, are included in the above. It corrects some errors (though trivial) in former tables. The value of importations and exportations of foreign manufactures of cotton and “difference,” being the amount conswmed in the United States in certain periods, was as follows: Foreign cotton goods imported and exported, Sc. Years. Imports. Exports. |Difference, con- sumed in U.S. TO ee AGES 27s 5 an cw © snips @ coccscesee| $26,391,495 $5, 863, 132 $20, 528, 363 TBs 28s ANG) ZO Wes c oje'e vo sale oan etd cose ct?” 29.7595 30% Gy li2, 22 22,640,785 DAT eee Daal, 2D ached Gai ctand lalate avers ate et sha 28, 674,440 5,646,493 23,027,947 1830, *31, and *32 . w Sinjeine sid elm noje,s 34,352,203 7,540,409 26,811,794 Today Oo, AUG Saal. oes coe so Siena: Neleisiere coe 33,173,215 9,069 , 209 24,104,006 ESab; aT, and 738. Fi ne.. 23 7588s Satie waine| 35,020,258 6,602, 600 29 , 023, 658 Be AU AI 42 28h atc pspeapalsi sels syetelp BS, h69 008 3,287,810 29,881,891 TST, AOA ANO AAG oe ons wn ison ele etiane esis. 5 26,178,789 1,550,156 24, 628, 633 $6455 46, and 74723 Os fs). oa Sboubtotit ots 42,586, 782 1,661,891 40,924,891 T6485: 74D 5 nd PSO. fk wae slete|p aiae.s se/olpre dies 54,285,149 2,214,361 52,070,788 TSS 1 nit meina 200i eee eee oad ane. 8, « 22,164,442 677,940 21,486,502 PES o o's enin oes wojeralele ate amracte 3 otter ofa altar eeare 19,689, 496 991,784 18,697,712 730 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON A reference to the more detailed statement appended will show that, for some years past, most of the above specified importations have been of the finer kinds of manufactures, made chiefly from the “ sea- island”’ cotton, or the best qualities of ” upland.’”? Our domestic manu- factures, though improved greatly as to quantity, have hitherto been mostly of the medium, or of the coarser or lower-priced goods, made from ordinary “upland” cotton, manufactured with less labor, and more cheaply than the finer goods. A reference to the following compiled account, and to the more detailed table appended, of our domestic cot- ton manufactures, exported since 1826, will verify this statement, as to the quality thereof. A comparison of these statements with those of our exportations of raw cotton will show that, whilst our exports from cotton have, since 1821, increased nine-fold, the importations of our foreign cotton manufactures have but a little more than doubled. Our exportations of domestic cotton manufactures have nearly de- stroyed the exportations of foreign cotton manufactures, and taken the place of them. The treasury returns of exports show to what countries the foreign cotton manufactures, and also to what countries the domestic cotton manufactures, were sent from the United States ; and an investigation as to the facts, in this respect, would be interesting and useful to the merchants and statesmen of this country: but the limits to which this paper is restricted precludes, at this time, anything on this subject but the suggestion now made. Exportations of domestic cotton manufactures in certain years and pervods. Years. Value. PPS Gee ies, sores: ateteiainecs a de Goleree e Gs ahoeis caje'b ba boo 2 Soins slo?e Siani tetera $1,138,125 nS 27. PBs and gc nee eee sieve Midst eaceretbaie Peep a Ree ey) SS eo | 3,429,103 1), T8305 315 ands S205 ess gia: Galea aids avec eet eels ctemhertet e ssa ela vale ele bye tte race 3,674,070 Att SBS. ASA sad FB sw ialds sé ia/ ees ei 6 ssehel n.d le) Slaici ake Sao iNlaats ale els SRS Oe SIA e ie ae tenemee renee 7,477,192 Am USS Gs 2 i71.. and ese it cls weveumectese pile ab Shed. eae eaten ie tieie ciska hen tte oxen ee eee 8,845,962 ln t8395) 40s and) Alen « cietenie brace © Ge asoioeiy &wataeiotetals © evesin nie oleale aveter seks teas 9,647,186 ALAS. AS andl CAA cle ocks orb corel a euighe euerncate Be dato hlevts aiae b eacrenetee aoe) 9093-110 To, 1945, 246, and, 47. . 93 WONG b SUE ANEAES ES, STS als AR 11,955,932 ia S48. 749 ama) 2a cuore wie eredieie ain lacialeieevactoanisaelouie’s alee @: eve aac Ree wvect) MOeaea, ase Dh SB) ois evs wechd een sabe 8 eb aereleereterels Sew ees bas w be wes $6 eae 7,241,205 Tn 1852. ss6 2 guste og ewwatets ete aia dpe tic iets Rae ee Rae eteraeietew a oe Wats csfmoweel > Me semepbol, Though the quantity of foreign “raw” cotton consumed in the United States is readily ascertainable by deducting the exportations of such cotton from the importations; and though the value of the foreign man- ufactures consumed may be ascertained by a similar process, and a tolerably correct estimate made of the quantity of raw cotton (of the United States) used in such manufactures; yet it is well nigh impossible to ascertain with certainty the quantity of domestic raw cotton consumed in this country. In the first place, the quantity consumed in ‘‘household”’ or “ home made”? manufactures of many different kinds, and that which is con COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 731 sumed in the infinite various uses to which it is applied throughout the country, and especially in the States where it is grown, has to be guessed, without very certain data. So also the quantity destroyed by fire, or otherwise, in its transportation to the southern shipping port, or by sea, before it is taken into the account, cannot be ascertained. The rates of insurance from the Gulf to the Atlantic ports are very high, and should be some criteria by which to judge of the extent of these losses. The last census returns state the value of all the ‘‘ home-made’? manu- factures in the United States to be $27,544,679. Of these, the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Kentucky, made upwards of $14,635,000; being more than half, though the aggregate of their white population is less than a fourth of the whole white population of the United States. In those States cotton is a principal material in such manufactures; and they are made by every class, and used by every class of the population. It is not considered extravagant to allow for the raw cotton used in *‘ home-made” or ‘‘household’’ manufactures in the United States, including that applied to other uses, $7,500,000, equalling, at 11.31 cents per pound, 66,372,000 pounds, or 165,930 bales of 400 pounds each. And it is estimated that 7,500 bales of 400 lbs. each, or 3,000,000 of pounds, are annually lost or destroyed, and not put into the account of the crop, as above stated. It is valued at $339,000. The second item is the amount furnished the domestic manufactories of cotton in the United States, to ascertain which, even approximately, recourse must be had to unofficial statements of manufacturers, and to commercial accounts, that cannot be otherwise than imperfect ; and to the more authentic, but still somewhat uncertain accounts, taken from the last census returns. The census returns of 1849-’50 of the cotton manutactories in the United States give the following statement : Number of manufactories in the United States........-- 1,094 eyeounwoereapial invested 1. oo wsioshs awake edt is stress $74,501,031 Bales of cotton used—(at 400 lbs. each, equal to 256,496,- 000; at 450 Ibs. each, equal to 288,558,000)....--..- 641,240 MEA COCMA MISE Ams 38 wy See oP iu aah ia ela pee 121,099 Matneioi jallirawy waatenal:used oa aie dacct-oidieardiosivion' eis $34,835,056 Number of hands employed—(males, 33,150; females, NO era siit epee eceate Boned 2! waka wileas axl} a ax 92,286 Entire wages per month—(males, $653,778; females, ANA) oo. sor nierieeb wen clone can beereniten oll $1,357,192 Maleerol nitive produetene. wei iculs vase cates seen eee $61,869,184 The quantity of cotton used is stated in bales. A bale is estimated in another part of the census accounts to weigh 400 lbs. It is believed such estimate, as to the cotton furnished our manufacturing establishments, is underrated at least 124 per centum. Most of the cotton used in those manufactories is “‘ upland,” the bales generally, for the last five years, averaging 450 pounds. That the other census accounts relating to the “ entire crop,” (including “ sea-island”? and ‘“upland,”) though 702 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON stated in pounds, mention the bales as ‘‘of 400 lbs. each,’ does not make the above reduction of these bales to pounds, at 450 lbs. to each bale, incorrect. The estimate of 400 lbs. is carried through all the statements and estimates in this paper, (except in the above,) to enable ready comparisons to be made. The ‘“ products” of these establishments are stated to have been, in 1849-50, 763,678,407 yards of sheeting, and 27,860,340 lbs. of thread, yarn, &c., and 13,260 bales of batting, and are valued at $61,869,184. The value of domestic woollen manufactures is stated at $43,207,555; that of domestic iron manufactures, of all kinds, at $54,600,000. The value of 1,177,924 barrels of ale, beer, &c., or of the 42,133,955 gal- lons of whiskey and “high wines,” or of 6,500,500 gallons of rum, manufactured, is not stated. The annual wages of the hands employed in cotton manufactories, it will be seen by the census returns, amount to $16,286,304. The woollen manufactories employ 22,678 male, and 16,574 female hands—in all 39,252—whose annual wages amount to $8,399,280. The iron manufactories employ 57,017 male, and 277 female hands—in all 57,294—-whose annual wages amount to $15,- 000,000; and breweries and distilleries employ 5,487 hands, the value of whose labor is not given! Deduct from the value of the “ products” of these cotton manufac- tories in 1849-50, stated to be $61,869,184, the value of the exports of domestic cotton manufactures for the same year, $4,732,424, and the balance, $57,134,760, is the value of the domestic cotton manufac- tures, made in our own cotton-manufacturing establishments, and con- sumed in the United States. The value (and afterwards the quantity) of raw cotton for these re- spective portions of the domestic cotton manufactures of the United States, may be ascertained by a deduction of 50 per centum of the value of the manufactures, for the cost of manufacture, wastage, profits, &c., and calculating the quantity corresponding to such value, at the price for that year, of fair “upland” cotton. The correctness of this mode will be verified, as to the year 1849-50, by reference to the items in the census account of the manufactures of cotton above given, of the value of raw materials used, and * bales of cotton”’ used, and *‘ value of entire products,’ and to the expenses of manufacture, as set forth in that statement. The quantity of domestic raw cotton consumed in the United States, in foreign manufactures, has been estimated by a similar calculation with reference to the “ difference”? between the importations into, and exportations from, the United States, of such foreign manufactures be- fore given. The enhanced value of the foreign cotton manufactures is stated at 100 per centum more than the raw cotton, and includes freight, insurance, duties, and all other expenses; and the cheaper labor in foreign countries, and the higher value of the sea-island cotton, gen- erally used in such manufactures, and profits, &c., have also been considered. The following estimate of the quantity of domestic ‘‘ raw cotton” consumed in the United States, in domestic and in foreign manufactures, and in “ household” or “* home-made”? articles, &c., for the year end- ing June Ist, 1850, is believed to be nearly correct. e COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Wao. Consumption of cotton in the United States in 1849-’50. In domestic manufactures—deducting value of those exported from value of entire manufactures, and also 50 per cent. for cost of man- ufacture, profits, &c.—about........ $29,000,000=256,638,000 lbs. In foregn manufactures, (from domes- tic cotton,)—deducting from imports, ($20,108,719) value of exports of same, ($427,107)=$19,681,612; and 50 per cent. for cost of manufacture, Gatesiprofits, &c.,/&e. ede. alien 9,840,800= 87,087,000 «“« In “‘ household,” or ‘“‘ home-made”? man- termes: Sed. oh gods oll Pek wees 7,000,000= 66,372,000 «§ Total consumption of raw cotton in the United States in 1849-50. .$46,340,800=410,097,000 * The total consumption in cotton manufactures same time—foreign and domestic—including ‘‘ home-made,’”? amounted to more than $82,000,000, upwards of three-fourths of which were made in the United States. Fractions are equalized in this estimate, and the value stated at the official average valuation of all cotton for that year. The cotton, of which the foreign manufactures consumed in the United States are composed, being mostly ‘“‘sea-island,”’ its value should perhaps be higher; but in such case, the values of the other cotton ought to be reduced in proportion to quantity and price, to make the correct average. The values of “‘sea-island” and “upland” should be kept separate in the treasury accounts. The domestic consumption, of course, increases each successive year, equally with the population, and the discovery from time to time of new uses to which cotton may be applied also adds to the consumption; and a full crop increases it. Similar difficulties exist with respect to the ascertainment of the quan- tity and value of the “ entire crop” of raw cotton, in each year. Various means of estimating the entire crop are adopted. In one mode, the jirst item is the quantity and value of exportations of raw cotton. The quantity is furnished quite correctly for this item, by the treasury returns of exports; except that the value is not always accurately given in them. The value stated in the treasury returns of exports can, how- ever, generally be rectified, if erroneous, by reference to the general “‘prices current’ of the same year, to be found in commercial news- papers. ‘The price stated for 1851-’52 is 8.05 cents; and it is conceived e average is too small according to the commercial accounts of this country, and of Great Britain and France. It should be at least 9 cents. Nevertheless, in this paper the treasury price is adhered to. The sec- ond item is the quantity furnished the manufactories of domestic cotton. To ascertain this, even approximately, recourse can generally only be had to the unofficial statements of the manufacturers, and to commer- cial accounts, which cannot be otherwise than imperfect. The thrd item is the quantity used in what are generally called “ household” or 704 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON home-made” manufactures, before adverted to. The fourth item is the quantity destroyed by fire or otherwise, and not received in market, or taken in the above accounts. Another mode of estimating the “ entire crop’’ is by estimating the number of acres of land in cultivation for cotton, and the number of agricultural laborers employed in cultivating it; the increase of such arable land, and of the labor by emigration to the cotton States, from other southern States; and the general yield of the land com- pared with past years; all derived from intelligence obtained by cor- respondence, or the public prints, and information generally diffused as to the effects of the season with reference to a full or a short crop, injuries by drought, storms, rains, caterpillar, &c. Of course this last mode is a mere estimate. ‘The most reliable data is that furnished by commercial and manufacturing dealers ; though it has been observed that very often the estimates as to forthcoming crops, by purchasers, are too large, whilst, on the other hand, those who sell are prone to make them too small. The following is an estimate of the entire crop of 1849-’50, given as an example of the first mode above mentioned of estimating such crop, and it is believed to be nearly correct. The year 1849-50 has been selected, because the entire crop of that year is stated im the ‘‘census returns;” between which and the estimate now given a com- parison can be made. Entire crop of 1849~’50. Exportations of domestic raw cotton . . .635,382,000 lbs. =$71,984,600 Used for manufactories in the United Sratcaiint. Clery cary oh Ap: Sana rs 288,558,000 « = 32,607,000 6¢ Household,” or ‘* home-made’? manufac- HARES O AT Bo SON ye ee OE 66,372,000 « = 7,500,000 Destroyed by fire or otherwise, and not TECCIVCCMENMNaAEKeh a) OPE eae 3,000,000 « = 339,000 Entire crop of the United States in 1B49250R. . Dwqooe. Vie Me 993,312,000 « =112,430,600 Fractions are equalized in this statement, and the values estimated according to the treasury average valuation, for all cotton, that year. A table, giving an estimate of the entire annual crop from 1790, up to and including 1852, is annexed. The statement in the census returns of the production of cotton in the United States is for the year ending June 1, 1850. The day specified was before the crop of the season of 1850 could have been ascertained. The statement is, of course, of the crop of the previous season of 1849, stated in the treasury returns of “exports,” &c., for the year ending on the 30th of June, 1850. The treasury accounts of the exports of raw cotton for the year ending June 30, 1849, (the crop of the season of 1848,) state that 1,026,602,269 pounds were exported, being more than the entire crop stated in the census returns 5 and the quantity exported in 1851 (of the crop of the season of 1850) COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 130 was 927,237,089 pounds. The crop of 1849 was a very short crop. It was also actually less than the crop of the season of 1839, of ’42, of °43, of ’44, or of °47; though its value, owmg to the high prices received for it, was more than that of any previous crop. The exports of the crop of 1848 were 391,220,665 pounds more than those of the crop of 1849; and yet its value was $5,587,649 less. The exports of the crop of the season of 1840 were, as above stated, 927,237,089 pounds, and they were valued in the treasury accounts at $112,315,317; whilst the exports of the crop of 1851 were 1,093,230,639 pounds— being 165,993,550 pounds more than the crop of 1850; and by the treasury account they were valued at $87,965,782, or $24,349,585 less than the exports of 1850. Besides the census returns of the cotton crop,of the season of 1849, given below, a statement from the same returns is given of the area of each State producing cotton for sale; the area of acres of improved lands in each; and the population of each; which may be useful for reference and comparison. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 36 “dord [enjor oy} MOTOq aIe YJOg ‘spunod QN9‘EPH'L.gG 10 gt OS8I ‘I tequieseq, pojep yzodor oy, ‘soreq 769'R9P'S 38 dor o1tu oY} s07}24s pure ‘aAOge oY} MOY ULTIeA ‘IG8L ‘T tequisoeq payep ‘snsusp oy} Jo juepuczurtodng oy} Jo yz0dar poysiyqnd oy} wor popiduioo st eAoqge oxy, *S8}BIG 91]} JO JSOUL UI spunod YGF osvioar AT[eNJoR Mow ,purldn ,, Jo sateq ysnoy} ‘seyeq 10 sdeq ut ynd pur poonpord u0zj00 oY} 7)” 01 sv ‘apeut oq ULD Sv OGRIOAR ue yooi1oo AT vou sv sdvysoed si 41 ‘yove spunod gop wey} sso AT[ensn ore YOIYM Jo sHeq OY, *yU9UTOZE}s sIY} UT popnouT st doro << PURISI-BOS,, OII]US OY, SY ‘yore spunod (Op JO oq 0} pozejs ole pur ,,‘suINjJoL SNSUdD ,, OY} UI UAT ore ATUO SoTeq OUT, "Uor}e}10dx9 OF 10}}00 Suronpord sv porepisuod jou a1v soze1g aSOIL], x Ln 5 Sg ae cnn ee ee, £8S‘SG0‘OL | PES'LOT’E | 686°L%6'9 TL9 ‘TLL POL‘ShE L0S‘9GP 666 °S06 19S°P8€ BEF 16S SSS "909 L6OL‘OLE RGL‘SES LOS‘899 P88‘E6E £69 TLS $69 °G00 if CEL*SHS €68'9SL GEL LIS EGE'GIS 91F‘SSs £06 °898 809‘STE C6G‘ESS 69606 ILG‘LY 890°C9T 66S "SIG G6P‘8S OOL‘PST 107 ‘L8 PEG‘OF LOLLY 199 ‘Tar ‘T LGE‘9GS P0E‘S68 SOV G86 LIL‘ 066 889‘T9L OLY ‘TSS 998‘ POL‘9F8 OIF ‘886 S81 ‘OT 869° LLG [219], "polojog "SOUTLAA *"NOILVTNdIOd 080‘S08‘8¢ VI9 SEP 'F rh (6876 S68 PL0'F LO" L80'S 866/199 °T LEL'8hY‘S G66 "08h ear Gre ¢ ¢ GET 098 ‘OL €€9'890°9 IbO' PIT 'S GEB‘610'S *poaoiduiy 080°G9F‘GE 000°0GT'LE O80‘PLT°0E 000'066° LT 000‘091‘8% OF8*STL‘6G 000°0GT ‘6% OGL‘90F‘EE OFP'S88° TST 06S‘ LEG‘LE 086°S96'6E 00G*STT'PS 00G°6SP'SE O9L‘ LEN‘ TS “BOTBe O1LQUT “GNVT HO SHUDV OGTELE'SPS | O0P'SI8'E66 009*TLL°SGe 00 ‘99° 661 009°606°L6L OOP ‘09E‘0GT 000°PSO'LL 009‘E13‘F9 006‘ T16‘6E 008°766'SG 000°8LE‘GS 006° TE0‘8T 008°8L¢°T 009°L99 006° 000°6 *spunod 66P‘T9S 160‘°667 PLL‘ V6P 106‘00§ GE9‘G6L PE0'S9L 860'86 186509 GPG‘ LS 8L0‘SP LUGS 699‘T 8 G Jo Joquinu [eo], |'Sq] OOF Jo s2[eq TES ‘PEP nl wear Sig cae yn aoe ee cn eae ae eT Bue’ Sx cake tee Sais Sie Sake + 9-9. S198 'Sh 41k oe ee URC ahr coca aaetrn 2 <* Sach *(0.0" les * A> @uader'ele RG aT a oe Se Ber ieee Slee 958A me beak *8\ 9. 09°88: 2-62 TTS SIS RITA Coe erceeeree er eeee tee eee te Goes O86 BUI[OIeD yynog SOSA REED ASI RACRE NG AO Bathe Ses * Ske. 2 6 88) *-S 8 *< GOSS UTIO Sp EO BIS ORS tlene, 9 Oy Supe aan Sag ne ee Saese A *. * pT BTSIMONy Fie st RUS OOSaee Smt See minke theres? ae eras 6 RIN Ae Gh TION Sng TSP US a SARS SAR 8 SNR 8 BASAL Sia: SLSR epee ade P BUATL RIN: CAPE "eager aes eed eae ee ge ee nee eee ae OT ON aes eae a lia ae a el ie cm re OVC CH EC | OW: SATO: aig Senet or ee eaievein:eiegis ee © Sie wien ele InN BIR: 0 (6 ieee tigre Shes gy ist ik aCe aiken 8 Pmcee AT ORT, taal aaa dae a oa a es ae ae CCIE N TE ae se ne eae ie te OLED ODT | 893219 "SUANIAL ENSWID BY) WOLF LAYD) ‘BFRT fo wosnas oy) fo dos anyuy COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. Tat The cotton crop of the United States now amounts to upwards of seven-tenths of all the cotton produced in the world. ‘The quantity annually exported from the United States is about eight-tenths of the aggregate of all exported by all countries. The following estimates, compiled from the best authorities, sustain these statements: Cotton crop of the world, of 1851, and exports of all countries in 1852. United States......-.. 1,350,000,000 Ibs. . 1,093,230,639 lbs .exported. Pwo: es 40,000,000 «§ 25,000,000 « ‘ Was Wgie se als sec arc 200,000,000 « 150,000,000 « ‘6 Wrest Indies... o6.2 i... 3,100,000 <« 3,000,000 «§ cs Demerara, Berbice, &c. 700,000 «§ 500,000 «< 66 Bahia, Macelo, &c... 14,000,000 « 11,000,000 « 6 Marana, &66.-.<.i,< 4 12,000,000 << 9,000,000 «§ 66 Pernambuco, Aracati, ie et OC Be a nile 30,000,000 <« 20,000,000 « se Brazil, China, and all Otheraplaces.;. «..,'.- 250,000,000 *§ 40,000,000 «§ 6 Total. . ..1,899,800,000 _1,366,730,639 The first column of the above states all that is estimated to be con- sumed, in the countries named, in “household”? manufactures and for various domestic uses, as well as that used in their home cotton manu- factories, and likewise all exported to other countries. In the second column is estimated the exports to contiguous foreign countries for manufacture, as well as the exports to Europe, &c. In the East Indies such exportations, to contiguous countries, is not less than the amount stated. An English writer, in 1824, (Smither’s History of Liverpool, p- 116,) says, with respect to China, that cotton and cotton manufac- tures are ‘estimated to employ, directly and indirectly, nearly nine- tenths of the immense population of that country. A very large propor- tion of what is made is used for internal consumption, particularly the very finest and most costly fabrics. Nankeens and chintzes form the principal articles of their exportations.”’ This estimate, it is believed, overrates the number of persons so em- ployed. One-tenth of the 350,000,000 there may be so employed, but not more. The United States exported, in 1852, upwards of $2,200,000 of domestic cotton manufactures (coarse white muslins) to China. We formerly procured some nankeens from China; but our imports of cot- ton goods from thence are now comparatively nothing. The above estimate as to the crop in China is doubtless too small, but the produc- tion there is decreasing. Aah There is not now any serious cause for apprehension by the agricul- tural, commercial, or manufacturing interests of the United States, of successful competition with the southern States of this confederacy, by any other country, in the production of cotton. From the day our independence was recognised by Great Britain, till within a few years past, her leading statesmen, with but few ex- 738 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON ceptions, used every effort and devoted every faculty and power to diminish and prevent all necessity for dependence, in any degree, by her capitalists, (having large and increasing investments in mantfac- tures and commerce,) upon any of the products of the United States. The younger Pitt—the most enlightened and sagacious, and therefore the most liberal statesman Great Britain has had in her councils within a century past, did not approve such policy towards us; but he was overruled. In Jay’s treaty of 1794, as originally agreed to by the negotiators, it was attempted, by different provisions, to restrict us in the exportation to any part of the world, even in our own vessels, of our own raw cotton! Our negotiator, it seems, did not appreciate the future importance and value of this product to his own country, which had then recently embarked in its cultivation. British sagacity, how- ever, not only foresaw it, but sought to stifle the enterprise in its infancy. These provisions were of course expunged from the treaty by the United States Senate, before that body would ‘advise and consent” to its “rati- fication.”’ 1f the liberal and wise counsels of Mr. Pitt had been adopted and adhered to by Great Britain, she would have advanced in wealth and prosperity, and in all the true elements of strength, and power, and greatness, in a much greater degree than she has since 17833; and it would not have been any detriment to her that the consummation of the certain destiny of this country would thereby have been accele- rated. We should not, as in former times, before the war of 1812, have had our commerce injured by open spoliations. That war would not have occurred. We should not have had, before and since the war, our agricultural and commercial interests fettered and crippled by her illiberal restrictions and regulations on the one hand, and by our coun- tervailing legislation on the other. Until within a few years past, Great Britain has not relaxed her illiberal and selfish policy ; and the cotton interests of the United States have seemed to be especial objects of her unceasing hostility.* She has used every exertion, and availed herself of every means she possessed, to create competition and rivals to the southern States of this confederacy in the cultivation of cotton, and to relieve herself from any dependence upon those States for the means of employment for her working classes, in the manufacture of cotton, and in auxiliary avocations. She experimented in its cultivation, at great cost, in her West India colonies, with the advantage of slave labor, until she abolished the institution of «‘ domestic servitude’”’ in those colonies, as to those who had been held as ‘‘slaves.’? She then tried ‘‘apprentice”’ labor, with still more unfavorable success. She tried the cultivation of cotton in every one of her numerous possessions in the different quarters of the globe, where the climate and soil allowed any expectation of a favorable result. She encouraged its cultivation n different countries, not politically connected with her. Every kind of labor has been employed in these experiments: free labor ; Trish, Scotch, Anglo-Saxon, and African; colonists, apprentices, coolies, Chinese, * A member of the English Parliament—ex-Lord-Chancellor Brougham, who was consid- ered somewhat famous—in a speech respecting our cotton manufactories, soon after the war which ended in 1815, said: ‘‘ {t is well worth while to incur a loss upon the first exporta- tion, in order, by the glut, to stifie, in the cradle, those rising manuiactures in the United States which the war had forced into existence, contrary to the natural course of things.” — ial COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 739 convicts, and slaves ; Christians and Pagans, civilized and savage. Of her efforts to induce its cultivation elsewhere than in this country, we had no right to complain. But of her ulberal restrictions and wrongs done to us, we had; and they engendered no little ill feeling towards her in this country. Her statesmen, since the war of 1812, have urged in justification of her course, that they were to “counteract” the meas- ures of the United States, at different times, affecting her commerce and manufactures unfavorably. The conduct of the government of the United States has, however, from the outset, always been solely defen- sive and countervailing. We have not been in any instance the first to adopt illiberal and injurious measures. We have been constrained in past times to enact and enforce laws, necessary in proper self- defence, against her illiberality, not only antecedent to the war, but since. That different relations were created by measures adopted under the administration of that profound and able statesman, Mr. Peel, and that they now exist between the two countries, is because Great Britain felt that every attempt to embarrass, or fetter, or re- strain, or otherwise injure the trade and commerce of this country, would certainly recoil upon herself. The futility of warring against the natural laws governing trade and commerce, and against advantages given by the superior adaptation of climate and soil, and experienced and effective (because united) labor for the production of an article like cotton, and the folly and presumption of any nation striving to establish for itself an exclusive and selfish monopoly or control of all things, is fully demonstrated in the former course of the British people towards us. It is, perhaps, best for her that her experiments in making cotton, to ‘‘root the Yankees out,”’ have so signally failed; for the cotton crop of the United States is the main link connecting the two countries com- mercially ; and if it is broken, the entire trade between them will soon become comparatively valueless to both.* And the efforts to induce to the production of cotton, to compete with the United States, have not been confined to Great Britain. France attempted it in Algeria, without favorable success. It has been tried by the Turkish Sultan, and a superintendent and intelligent and experi- * The following has been extracted from an article, very abusive and denunciatory of this country, and its institutions and people generally, contained in a recent number of ‘‘ Black- wood’s (Edinburgh) Magazine.’’ The parts now italicised betray the feelings and motives of the author : ** In the year 1789, only one million pounds of cotton were grown in the United States ; now, the produce amounts to about 1,500,000,000 of pounds! How great a stimulus this has proved to the employment of slave labor, by which it is raised, and to the rapid multiplica- tion of the slaves themselves, can easily be imagined. 'The influence of the potato on the social, moral, and industrial character of the Irish people, has long been recognised among us. But the history of the cotton-plant shows how powerful a control an obscure plant may exer- cise, not only over the social character of a peeple, but over their general material prosperity, their external political power, and their relations with the world at large. ‘The cotton shrub, which seventy years ago was grown only in gardens as a curiosity, yields now to the United States an amount of exportable produce which, in the year ending with June, 1850, amounted to seventy-two millions of dollars, of which from thirty to forty millions were clear profit to the country. With its increased growth has sprung up that mercantile navy, which now waves its stripes and stars over every sea ; and that foreign “influence which has placed the internal peace —we may say the subsistence—of millions in every manufacturing country in Europe, within the power of an oligurchy of planters. * * * The new and growing commerce soon gave birth, likewise, in the free States themselves, to a large mercaniile, manufacturing, and moneyed party, whom self-interest has constantly inclined to support the views and policy of the southern States.’ 740 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON enced slave laborers procured from the State of South Carolina, but the trial did not succeed profitably. It has been tried in different places, on the extensive shores of the Euxine, opened to the commerce of Christendom by the cannon of the allies at Navarino, in 1827; it has been tried in Mexico, in Central America, in the different republics of South America, and in the empire of Brazil; it has been tried in differ- ent parts of the East Indies, and in Africa; aud the fact has been fully and conclusively tested and established, that the soils, seasons, climate, and labor, of no country can successfully compete with those of that vast region of this confederacy which has been appropriately styled the ‘“‘Corron ZONE,” in the raising of this product. It is proper, how- ever, to state that many of the most intelligent cotton planters of that region insist that their now generally conceded superiority is not so much attributable to any radical difference of the soil or dissimilarity of the climate in that region, from those of several other countries in like latitudes, as it is to the advantages afforded by the aggregated and combined, and cheap, and reliable labor they derive from that patri- archal system of domestic servitude existing throughout the ‘Cotton Zone,” and to the superior intelligence, and greater experience, and skill, and energy, of the American planter; and to the improved and constantly improving systems of cultivation pursued by them—the most affluent attending personally to his own crop. The ‘*Cotton Zone” extends from the Atlantic ocean to the Rio del Norte, and includes the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and those portions of the States of North Caro- lina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, that lie below 35° north latitude; and all of the State of Florida above the 27th parallel of north latitude ; and all of the State of Texas between the Gulf of Mexico and the 34th parallel of north latitude. The region described is an area of upwards of four hundred and fifty thousand square miles; but large portions are mountainous, or covered with water, and in each State more than two- thirds, from various other causes, it has been estimated, is not adapted to the growing of cotton advantageously. The annexed table shows the estimated cotton crop of each of the States mentioned that produced raw cotton for exportation in 1852; the number of agricultural laborers employed in the cultivation of cotton in each State; the estimated quantity in each State of lands now appropriated to the growing of cotton; and the quantity, not in culti- vation in cotton, but that which may be advantageously applied to the growing of that product, when a farther supply is needed; the number of agricultural laborers necessary to till such lands; and the probably attainable product of such land and labor. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 741 Estimate of crop in 1852, and of crop Cotton Zone may produce. G4 ! | iets # a MEI Wag ed ris = ~ = RA i ROG SO 8 ps B 3 ii a Fe hes ~_ . > n © States. = = SR 65 Eo ant 3 S ic Wee as on 8 S a "7 {eck Sane aa 8 ; 2 : eid | SE | Bue “3 a 5 25 Bal cvg 6.8 8. : | = | < < Fe shh Weta eis ca ni 3.5 00 00» 80,000 20,000; 160,000! 6,000,000) 750,000; 3,000,000 Texas 100,000| — 25,000| 220; 00010000, 000] 1,250,000) 5,000,000 Arkansas..-+eseees- 100,000 25,000; 200,000) 3,000,000) 375,000) 1,500,600 Louisiana ............| 200,000| 50,000| 400,000) 3,000,000! 375,000! 1,500,000 Weanescee hoc... | 290/000! 55,000} 449,000] 2,000,000} 250,000) 1,000,000 South Carolina....... 310,000 77,500; 620,000} 200,000 25,000; 100,000 PVUSEISSEDPi « «2. 5-2 2-2 650,000} 162,500) 1,300,000) 6,000,000; 750,000) 3,000,000 Georgia........++....| 740,000] 185,000! 1,480;000/ 3,000,000] 375,000] 1,500,000 i ee 750,000| 187,500] 1,500,000] 6,000,000} 750,000} 3,000,000 Total*...........| 3,150,000' — 787,500| 6,300,000/39, 200,000 4,900,000/19, 600,000 * North Carolina, Virginia, and Kentucky, are not included, as they cultivate other pro- ducts more than cotton. In the above estimate of the number of hands employed in the cul- tivation of cotton, it will be noticed that nearly two-thirds of the slave population of the States within the ‘Cotton Zone’’ are excluded. Some are engaged in the cultivation of sugar-cane, rice, tobacco, and other products; others procure lumber, or superintend mills, or are employed on steamboats; some are mechanics, some domestic servants; and with them must be included those of advanced age, or infirm, and the women and children. Many of these doubtless contribute to the cotton — crop, when living on plantations, but more labor is abstracted from cotton in various ways, than is given by them to it. A large number of slaves living in villages, towns, and cities, perform no agricultural labor whatever. It should also be stated, that in portions of some of the States, upwards of fifteen per cent. of the agricultural labor in cul- tivating cotton is performed by white citizens, who cultivate their small crops themselves. This is full proof that “/abor”’ is not “degraded” there. The hands are estimated at an average of four bales for each hand, and the land is estimated at eight acres for each hand, or 200 pounds for each acre. A reference to the table, (ante, p. 736,) showing the en- tire area in acres of each of the States within the ‘Cotton Zone,’’ and other States, and the area of all the “improved” lands in each of said States, and the population of each free State, is necessary for compari- son with the above, and that both may be considered understandingly. It will be seen that the ‘“‘Cotton Zone” is, when the necessity occurs, capable of sustaining and of employing in the cultivation of cotton, in addition to the slaves now there, a much greater number than the en- tire slave population of the States of Maryland, Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky, and North Carolina, or the probable increase for a long time. 742 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The present free colored population and slave population of those States, and of those in the ‘‘ Cotton Zone,” is estimated as follows: States. Freecolored.| Slaves. WWiaryilamid ..). «spate are cia ie)s amine Beet ole eta ie reera rete SIR OSA SOR Bbc 74,077 90,368 \ Uae CAG So AE RR Aas Gh So aco dao. Ciates fel eta ls (nals Del e'ss ta ay alkhs 53 , 829 472,528 IMSS IIS RG ete oicdi> Pen eco @ 43 Gro COR CeO SBRIG COD OOOA eS Saniflo. bia tice os 2,544 87,422 Kentucky ......°%. Hbractoo sn ooekepan gua sna bc aos esa4 aces 9,736 210,981 North Carolina....... bri HO ANRSES TreSRIIGD PAIR ISIOISA CHS aS. 3 27,196 288, 412 PRG EA trim cie-cleiaisya syciose eho talons ayaa eiaicle saa ihetole’ gofcls sais 73,310,674 61,822,533 11,488,141 Otte. Tie AG OND. Os he dicta so afatals se 222,149, 764 179, 069, 792 43,079,975 1818, *19, and ’20..... SOS 233, 115,323 176,514,915 56,600,408 Pee Ie A AMG CAS. 3s) a.e sels 'o'ss,00,003 0+ 211,833,799 140,701, 487 71,132,312 aay ATE OG. doo olanis «= a, 00,0 0.0,0,0 253,117,367 170,649,955 82,467,412 tN a aiauniitinne tise eeicenens 226,948, 184 165,291,553 61,656, 631 eG Sate Lien, cinelsie <0. atv’? alel'e 242,337,034 183, 876,556 58,460,478 foes Be Ben ey Ce ee 316,170,983 252,530,942 63,640,041 DOR IA Oe ee Sees socks wae se 354, 569, 032 298,514,915 56,054,117 Dee LSS cic nae a: © eves wow 374,966, 165 323,812, 247 51,153,918 FORO AR aA. 5a) s sive sie s pathic. & 300, 238, 060 270, 478,958 29,759, 102 Pee. tae ARG “Ads « srove oan, 0.90.0 ae ie 386,783,744 352,079,133 34,704,611 Gere re UGS I. oa ts sc gen doe nage se 451,685,671 402,513, 683 49,172,988 isis ULE et ets tae oe See aetess 218,388,011 196,689,718 21,698,293 ee pete ob 0:5) Bate wre'st os, oe, ste sa. Slane 209, 641,625 197, 604,582 12,037,043 From the foregoing tables, and others contained in this paper, or an- nexed hereto, it appears that cotton and domestic manufactures now constitute more than one-half of the exports of the United States of agricultural products and domestic manufactures thereof. 'They con- stitute more than two-fifths of the total exportations of all kinds, in- cluding ‘‘ products of the sea,” “ products of the forest,” as well as the “ products of agriculture” and ‘ manufactures,” “bullion and specie,” &c. The statements from the treasury books show, with reference to ‘exportation,’ how far behind cotton every other agricultural product is, as to its increase, beyond the necessary consumption of the United States, since cotton has been cultivated for the foreign market. Gen- erally a country does not export any but its surplus productions. Vast as the increase of some of our other agricultural products besides cot- ton has been, such increase has, in but few seasons, exceeded the in- creased wants of our population, constantly and rapidly augmenting by emigration. 744 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON It is important, in connexion with the tables hereinbefore given, to notice the importations and exportations of bullion and specie. The following is a statement thereof since 1821: iy Bullion and coin imported and exported since 1821. Years. Value of im- | Difference. Value of ex- | Difference. ports. ports. PBZ 822, and [8230s Ao 2k. s $16,532,632 | Biche oo: ehatotehctate $27,661,226 | $11,128,594 182401895, and 1826...) 21,411,566 $895 , 426 205516 940 V2 ef ceteienein sie PSD TSI8,and (829K et. 23,044, 483 1,862,107 21; 182. BTC sles seimieistets PSSORISS, and 18320. .'6 cs ee 21,369,413 4,519,369 168505044 | 22 Aerateatie tet. HS3o cbosd,and [83505 sh. 3 « 38,113,447 26,947,213 EL) 1663234 [nares cre' eso, fost, and 1838. a0.) 41,664,411 27,855, 780 13;808;65P- Seen a 1839, 1840, and 1841...... a. TO AGG G22 Aiarel. «0c hehehe & ate 27,228,089 7,761,467 1842, 1843, and 1844....:2:... 32,237,780 20, 449 , 236 Py cen ee ane ase 1845, 1846, and 1847......... 31,969, 263 17,549,761 14,419 3502 OP itinee ease 1848, 1849, and 1850......... 171 (G40 Q0Gi lie. 56 0h aHe ofetatoha 28,769,262 | 11,129,006 SPSS oA iicis cco chetoaptateuen Da OS, Niitreics, we we talatarete 29,465,752 | 24,011,771 MS) Ee sce os ete seen eae eee DOU OLE Netas o siaatetetenik ee 42,674,135 | 37,170,591 Aggremate, ..ccsccaee 274,407,398 | 100,078,892 | 265,529,935 | 91,201,429 It is not within the proper range of this paper to comment upon any of the different opinions entertained with respect to the causes and effects of the fluctuations exhibited in the above statement, and in the detailed table annexed hereto of these imports and exports. Some po- litical economists contend that what is called the ‘‘ balance of trade” being in favor of or against the United States, as shown by the importa- tion or exportation of bullion and specie, is the best evidence of the prosperous or unprosperous condition of our trade and commerce. On the other hand, others insist that such importation or exportation is no true test on either side; and that when any country has a surplus of bullion and specie, it is best to export a portion of the redundant sup- ply; and that then those articles, besides fulfilling their proper func- tions of being the media and regulators and equalizers of trade and commerce, become themselves legitimate subjects of trade and com- merce like other products ; and that this rule especially applies to a country producing the precious metals. The sole object, however, of the reference now made to the importa- tion and exportation of bullion and specie is to notice the fact, equally forcible as respects both of these theories, that but for exportations of raw cotton, according to the treasury statistics, more than forty-eight millions of bullion and specie would have been required annually, since 1821, to have been exported (in addition to all that was exported) to meet the balances of trade against us that would have existed but for those exportations of raw cotton. It is true the treasury accounts of exports are not safe criteria as to values, they being in the United States, as in other countries, generally undervalued ; but without the exporta- tions of cotton from the United States, the balance-sheet would be a sorry exhibit of our condition as a commercial people, and of general prosperity. Our other exports, and especially of other agricultural COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 745 products, are, when separately estimated, really insignificant in com- parison with cotton. A table of the exportations of the principal do- mestic exports, since 1821, is appended. The following statement shows the principal domestic exports in the years 1821, ’22, and ’23, and in the years 1850, ’51, and ’52: Articles. 1821, 1822, and 1823. | 1850, 1851, and 1852. J Total exports of domestic produce.....seseee. $140, 701,381 $526,005, 614 = DURTIE SG OGS eS Sail IS ERS PSP a as 64, 638, 062 272,265,665 Pues alae sla ata. i0 ook q'a odo wcusigincbyedew s 18,154,472 29,201,556 Ese nas ci suahcic'ase o0jn a8 jamie, eeielaure hs 4,878,774 7,273,513 Io oad 2 8k See Ses ie era 14,363,696 | 29, 492,044 Pork, hogs, lard, &c..... Bisiea era wlaater ere aneraretele 4,003,337 15,683,772 Beefs Wades, fallow, 6) << is» 0)s spaieie aoe sie see 2,282,318 | 4,795,645 AHEM ATU CMCESO 6 oh. on as os sa ee ait eda ciee #50 ahs 604,106 3,119,506 pelt He EE Se eharec si vscs es obec h e'ss, be see's gies 1,940,424 2,628,732 pty late 252s: dias sideien aleia.aivbioutonis 2 894/299 | 1,391,475 PGE Es as Scare mi miean'e, « 22 SSE Gee seme ee 4,156,078 15,054,113 Miamepaciures Or all Kinds... 6.0.3 ce. es wesc ee 9,013,259 | 51,376,348 Among other articles not specified in this statement there was ex- ported in 1852 over $1,200,000 of oils, $1,200,000 of naval stores, $500,000 of pot and pearl ash, $2,500,000 of wheat, $2,100,000 of Indian corn and meal, and $1,100,000 of “raw produce,” kind not stated in returns. The relative importance and value of the cotton crop of the United States to the other leading agricultural products of this country, and other principal articles of our domestic and foreign commerce, is more striking when the circumstances attendant upon the progress of each crop, and the others respectively, are considered. The augmentation of our population—the vast extension of our territory—the great in- crease of the area of our lands in tillage—the immense additions to our agricultural labor in our native population and in foreign emigrants— have given us consequent vastly increased resources and ability for greater production. As before shown, however, the greater portions of most of the agricultural products of the United States, and of the manufactures of them, except cotton, consumed in the United States. The fact that the exportations from the United States of many of its most important products have not increased in proportion to our increase of population, resources, and ability, and that the article of raw cotion is a signal exception, surely is some evidence of its value and of the real position and actual increase of the wealth and prosperity of the cotton region. When it is recollected that very little of the additional labor given by foreign emigration inures to the cultivation of cotton, (and it is estimated that not more than one in 600 of the agricultural emigrants go tothe cotton region ;) and when the extent of internal improvements in the States where cotton is not grown, to transport their produce to market, is considered, it will be seen that this advancement of the cotton region is solely the result of steady industry, regulated by the intelligence to make it advantageous. The increased labor of that region has been almost exclusively derived from those contiguous States that do not cultivate cotton. The disparity between the increase of cotton and 746 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON that of other agricultural products appears much greater when these facts are considered; and the doctrine that labor advantageously ap- plied, and not population merely, is the true foundation of a country’s wealth and prosperity, is fully verified. The treasury accounts before referred to show that the aggregate increase of our foreign importations of merchandise has not equalled our increased exportations of raw cotton, and that it, as before stated, has most of all other articles enabled us to keep down the balance against us created by such importations. And it should be noticed, also, that the increase of importations is mainly for the use and consumption of those portions of the country that do not produce cotton. The consumption of imported merchandise and products in the cotton region may be greater than the proportion of its white population to that of other sec- tions, but in the aggregate it is much less, and it is also much less than the proportion of its whole population to that of the other States. Adding the increase of the exportations of our domestic manufactures of cotton to the exportations of raw cotton, the comparison between it and other agricultural products is still more favorable to it. Prior to 1826, such exportations, if any were made, were not specified in the treasury returns, and all our importations of cotton goods specified in those returns are exclusively those of foreign manufacture that had been imported hither. And the nearly total decrease of the importation of foreign raw cotton, and the manufactures thereof, and the substitu- tion therefor of our own product, and manufactures thereof, should also be estimated. Nor is the supply furnished from the cotton crop for the numerous ‘‘household” or ‘‘home-made”’ manufactures used in the United States an unimportant item constituting its value. The aggregate of the value of all these manufactures was, in 1849, upwards of $27,540,000, and it is estimated, as before stated, that the cotton consumed in them is worth annually upwards of $7,500,000. But for our own crop, this would have to be imported. Though it is not intended to express any opinion in this paper upon the policy of a protective tariff, it is proper to say that the increase of our domestic cotton manufacturing establishments, within a few years past, has well nigh been as astonishing as the increase of the cotton crop, especially when the advantages of cheap labor and low interest for capital borrowed, and other advantages possessed by British and European manufacturers, are considered. Against such advantages, our manufacturing establishments already use about one-third of the entire crop of raw cotton of the United States. Pnor to the war of 1812, they were of little consequence. They first became of import- ance during that war. They now supply more than three-fourths of the cotton manufactures consumed in the United States. Such supply for home consumption of our domestic cotton manufactures exceeded fifty-seven millions of dollars in 184950. We exported in same year upwards of four millions seven hundred thousand dollars of our domestic cotton manufactures to foreign countries; and these exports in 1852 amounted to upwards of seven million six hundred thousand dollars. Our im- portations of foreign cotton manufactures in 1852 were $19,689,496, and of this we exported $991,784, consuming the balance of $18,697,712. COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 747 It will be noticed that our exportations of domestic cotton manufactures are over two-fifths of the value of foreign cotton manufactures con- sumed in the United States. Deducted from the same consumption, it leaves only $11,025,561 as a balance of the foreign manufactures so consumed. We now pay annually out of the avails of the cotton crop in Great Britain and Europe about $10,000,000 to those countries for manufac- turing for us that portion of our raw cotton which is first exported thither, and the manufactures thereof then imported into the United States ; but they are at the same time the purchasers of two-thirds of our entire crop, and most of the articles they send us could not be manufac- tured here at the same cost to the consumer; and the cotton producers insist that the foreign market is the most valuable to them, and that they have the right to sell their crops where and to whom they choose, and to employ and pay whomsoever it pleases them to manufacture it. Our domestic cotton manufacturers are, however, destined to increase still more. Everything indicates that an immense commerce will ere long arise in the Pacific ocean, and through it to China, the East Indies, and the Asiatic seas generally. The commercial nations of the world are now about to embark in a struggle for the control of that commerce which may perhaps continue through the present decade. But the su- periority of position, the greater diversity of the productions of the United States, and the enterprise of our merchants and navigators, will insure the supremacy to us. The domestic cotton manufacturers of the United States may, it is believed, rely upon immensely increased markets for the goods they now manufacture being afforded by the commerce thus opened. The amount necessary to supply these new mar- kets, it has been anticipated by some, will require, in a few years, cotton equal in quantity to the present “entire crop” of “ upland” cotton of the United States. The superior facilities for such commerce which our merchants will possess with respect as well to the outward as to the return trade, will enable them to sell our domestic cotton manufactures in those markets more advantageously than any other country can sell the same kind of goods. The official statistical tables show that the domestic cotton manufactures of the United States have not only increased in proportion beyond the increase of our aggregate population, and in a proportion beyond any other prominent article of manufactures, but, in fact, such increase of the cotton manufactures of the United States since 1826, with reference to exportations, exceeds in value the aggregate of the increase of all our other domestic manufac- tures added together! A gentleman holding a high position in the legislative department of the federal government, and whose intelligence on this subject is not surpassed by any, estimates that in 1852 the capital invested. in cotton manufactories in the United States is at least $80,000,000 ; that the value of the annual products of such manutactories is at least $70,900,000; that as many as 100,000 male and female laborers are employed in such manutactories; and that quite 700,000 bales, or 315,000,000 pounds of cotton, worth at least $35,000,000, will be spun and sold as thread and yarn, or wove into muslin and other manutfac- tures, in this year—1852. 748 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON With reference to our foreign commerce especially, the increased consumption in the United States of foreign and domestic cotton manu- factures, in lieu of articles that must have swelled our importations still more than has been the case, is an important consideration. But for our cotton, until our domestic products of wool, of silk, and of flax, had become sufficient for our necessities, we should have been compeiled to rely on foreign countries. Cotton and its manufactures have decreased the demand for the other articles. In this respect the increased con- sumption of cotton and its manufactures in the United States and in foreign countries should be regarded by those who deprecate an excess of importations over exportations as injurious to a country, as having been greatly beneficial to our foreign commerce, inasmuch as it has lessened the importations by us of the other articles mentioned. If the exportations of raw cotton from the United States should, contrary to general anticipation, decrease from any cause, unless its place, as an article of exportation, could be fully supplied by an equiv- alent amount of domestic manufactures of cotton exported, its cultiva- tion and product must, of necessity, also decrease in a corresponding degree ; and the 787,500 of able agricultural laborers, and the 6,300,000 acres of arable land now devoted to its production, would be diverted, by the same necessity, to the production of other articles, (wheat, rye, corn, barley, oats, and the like,) and the raising of stock for provisions, (beef, pork, lard, butter, &c.) The result, it can be foreseen, would be the cheapening of those articles, and rendering their production im the present grain growing and stock raising States less profitable than at present, and the agriculturists and stock raisers in these States would also then lose their markets in the cotton growing States, besides having to encounter competition from them in other markets; and besides, some of the surplus labor of the cotton growing States would then be employed in manufactures and mechanical pursuits, now chiefly en- grossed by other States, from which the supplies are now received by the cotton growers. The causes of the fluctuations in the prices of cotton have been subjects of investigation and discussion among the political econo- mists of the United States, and others interested, but hitherto their in- vestigations and discussions have not resulted in much practical good. Conventions of cotton producers have been held in the Southern States, and different theories advanced as to these causes, and different reme- dies suggested. Disagreements as to the causes of these fluctuations have produced differences of opinion as to the remedies and preven- tives ; and consequently, heretofore, no measures of a practical character have been adopted. In some instances the causes are widely different from those producing similar effects as to other products. Doubtless the extent of the crop has, ordinarily, no inconsiderable influence on the price; and yet, whilst the crop of 1850, the exportations alone of which were 927,237,089 pounds, which at 12.11 cents, brought $112,315,317, the short crop of 1848, the exportations of which were but 635,383,604 pounds, brought 11.31 cents, or $71,984,616; and the crop of 1848, the exportations of which were 1,026,642,269 pounds, brought 6.5 cents, or $66,396,967; and repeated instances will be found in the annexed tables, where large crops have brought large prices, and short COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 749 crops short prices. The extent of the crop cannot, therefore, in all cases be regarded as governing the prices. ‘The prices of freights have some influence. Much more depends upon the condition of the foreign and domestic cotton manufactories—the general depression or pros- perity of trade, commerce and navigation, and the state of the money market. ‘The manufacturers at home and abroad have to resort to extensive credits to carry on their works, even to purchase the raw cotton; and the scarcity of money is certain to cause a corresponding depression in the price of cotton. But the primary and chief cause of these fluctuations is to be found in the fact, that very often, so soon as raw cotton leaves the possession of the planter, whether it 1s purchased from him or not, it becomes the stake for the most hazardous gambling among those who should be styled commercial speculators and gam- blers, rather than merchants. When it is seen that a rise of cotton of one cent per pound creates a difference in the value of that exported from the United States alone, of ten millions of dollars (and of course a rise of a mill, one milion, and of a tenth of a mill, one hundred thousand dollars;) and when it is recollected that raw cotton is regarded as a cash article, and used in lieu of exchange for remittances abroad, it can readily be imagined that temptations and inducements exist to the most hazardous speculations in that article, by those who imagine they foresee an advance in its price, and who, so soon as they purchase, exert themselves to effect the resultsthey desire. The establishment of ** Planters’ Union Depots’ at the chief shipping ports in the South, for the storing of cotton tor sale, and also similar depots at or near the chief Atlantic cities, has been proposed as a remedy for, and prevention of, the evils complained of. And the establishment of similar depots at different points in Continental Europe has also (since recent occurrences in Great Britain, indicating a revival of the ancient hostility to the cotton interest of the United States) been. suggested. Doubtless, the estab- lishment of such ‘ Continental Depots’? would open new, as well as extend the existing markets for our raw cotton, among the continental manulacturers ; and it would greatly encourage and promote the latter, and cause them to become formidable competitors and rivals to the man- ufacturers of Great Britain, and it is not unlikely some practical meas- ures of the kind will be adopted. Direct trade between southern ports and Europe, so far as it respects the cotton exported thither, has been looked to as likely to relieve the planting interest from the effects of the fluctuations as to prices, and at the same time to relieve it from the ex- orbitant and onerous charges itis at present subject to, by shipments to Eastern Atlantic ports before shipment to Europe; but it is strongly doubted whether the result of such change, without further preventives, would not be merely another illustration of the old fable of the fox and the flies. The planter will always be subject to similar exactions to those now made; and they will be increased, till he restrains himself from parting with the plenary and personal control of his crop, in any way, except by absolute sale. He will not be relieved whilst the pay- ment of advances on his crops, or other mercantile debts incurred on their credit, constrain him, year after year, as to the disposition of them ‘T’o be relieved, he must becomes less dependent on the store-keeper, and more self-dependent; and then he can constrain the purchaser to come 750 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON to his plantation to purchase his crop, and if he is not paid a fair price, refuse to part with it, and keep it in store until he can get such price. When planters generally adopt and adhere to such system, it will be of little consequence to them what charges their crops are subjected to after they leave their hands, and they will be unaffected by the fluctua- tions occasioned by speculations and gambling. The foreign and do- mestic manufacturers will also find that it is their interest to get rid of the intermediate commercial agencies, and expenses, between them and the planter, and will unite in the adoption of such system. Appended hereto are tables of the exports of raw cotton in 1852, exports of domestic cotton manufactures, same year; exports of foreign cotton manufactures, same year; and imports of cotton manufactures, same year. Particular attention should be given to them. On such reference, the fact cannot escape observation, that the government of the United States, by liberal and judicious (and judicious because lib- eral) arrangements with the different governments of this and the southern continent of America, by enabling these countries to pay for our domestic cotton manufactures in their products, which we do not raise, may open extensive and profitable markets for us, thereby pro- moting the prosperity as well of the manufacturer as of the producer of cotton. And once open and establish such market, the demand would in a few years, it is anticipated, be equal to the whole of our present exportations. The field of commerce before us, ‘and for us, in these countries, and in the Pacific and East Indies, is unbounded. These facts fully demonstrate not only the futility of all the expedi- ents that may be adopted by foreign governments to supplant the cot- ton crop of this country, but also the inefficiency and folly of any measures of restraint or coercion that may be contrived by them to ‘‘ counteract”? whatever policy the United States may decide to adopt, at any time, to sustaim and maintain the great interests involved in the cotton crop. If it should become necessary, the cotton-growers of this confederacy can, of themselves, withhold from any foreign coun- try every pound of cotton; and the labor now employed in its cultiva- tion could be, in one season, restricted to growing merely enough for our own consumption. It is an error to suppose that such measure would be ruinous, or even permanently injurious to them. Such labor could be employed in the cultivation of other products—in the rearing of stock, and articles of subsistence, and in the improvement of the lands ; with little detriment that would not be temporary, and with less loss and inconvenience to them, than a similar revolution in industrial pursuits and productions would cause in any other country. That the cotton-producers of the United States may rightfully exercise the power, which, by union and concert of action, they unquestionably possess, of decreasing or increasing the aggregate annual supply, and regu- lating its price, so as to secure the receipt of its just value, cannot be denied. Owing to the multiplied charges and expenses to which his cotton is subjected before he receives its proceeds, the planter is gene- rally the person who makes the least profit from it. What are be- lieved to be the most practical preventives have been before alluded to. Means and ways of avoiding imposition will suggest themselves to the intelligent planter, and his example will be followed by his neigh- COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 751 bors. Ere long our manufactories will furnish us with all of the cotton goods we need, at our own doors, and of our own manufacture, from the product we have raised. But whatever we may determine to do, no governmental policy of any foreign country, hostile to our interests— no combination of such governments—can release or lessen the absolute dependence upon the ‘‘Cotton Zone” of the United States, which all who maufacture or use this product are, and must continue to be sub- ject to, till Providence decrees the change by means now unforseen and unanticipated. Before 1791, foreign raw cotton was admitted in the United States duty free; but, after the first of January of that year, it paid aduty of three cents per pound, till the double duties were imposed by the act of July, 1812. During the war, and till April, 1816, it paid six cents, and since that day it has paid three cents, till, by the act of 1846, it was made free. Alexander Hamilton, in 1791, recommended the “ re- peal’’ of the duty as ‘‘indispensable”’ for the security of the ‘national manufacturers”’ of cotton. Within two-thirds of a century, this product has become one of the most important of the agricultural products of the world, and an article of necessity for which no adequate substitute can readily be had. Itis now by far the most valuable article of commerce existing between dif- ferent nations. The foreign commerce of no one nation, in wheat, or wheat-flour, or other cereal products for the subsistence of man—or in beef, pork, or other provisions, even if estimated together—has ever been, or is now, as great in value as that of the United States in the article of raw cotton produced in the United States, and in manu- factures therefrom. The articles of tea, tobacco, ardent spirits, wines, silks, and coffee, have ranked high on commercial lists; but none of them have equalled, in any one country, the present rank of American cotton and its manufactures: and the articles just specified are, too, all luxuries, not absolutely indispensable for subsistence or taiment, and for all of them substitutes may be found. In fact, if the importation or use of every one of these articles were destroyed or decreased by legis- lative enactments, or the equally arbitrary decres of fashion or cus- tom, or by other means, the next generation, would not feel the depri- vation. ‘The abandonment of other articles formerly used instead of manufactures of cotton, and the general use of the latter, and especially of the ordinary kinds, throughout the world, (induced by their cheap- ness and superiority,) renders them indispensable to the comfort of man till something is discovered to supply their place. For half a century, nearly every people—of every degree of civilization, of every class of society, and in every variety of climate—has adopted the use of cotton manufactures. Such is the character of the product, and so diversified are the articles that can be manufactured from it, that they have taken the place of many other articles widely different from each other; and they are applied to various and dissimilar uses, in climates of different temperature, and among different races and nations, whose habits and customs are as unlike as their respective countries. ‘The manufactures of this product in the world, now equal the manufactures of animal wool, of flax, and of silk, all combined. The statements now made are of incontrovertible facts, verified by 752 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON the official statistics, not only of the government of the United States, but of foreign governments, and by the commercial accounts of this — country and of other countries. They establish, it is believed, the cor- rectness of all the opinions advanced in this paper as to the paramount importance of the cotton crop of the United States, not merely to our own country, but to the world, over every other agricultural product that has been, now is, or is likely to become, an article of commerce between nations. ‘They certainly prove that it is the chief element and basis of the commercial prosperity of this confederacy, and as well with respect to the trade between the States as to the commerce of all with foreign nations. The statistics adduced show the following facts: The cultivation of cotton and its preparation for market in the United States, at this time, employs upwards of 800,000 agricultural laborers. As has been stated, 85 per centum of this number are slaves; and the residue (120,000) are white citizens, who are found in every part of the Cotton Zone, raising cotton by their own labor, on their own lands—a practical refutation of the slander that ‘labor as degraded” in that re- gion. These citizens and their families are sustained in part by the cotton crop. And for every two able-bodied cotton-field hands, it is estimated that at least three of inferior physical capacity for labor are employed in raising subsistence or in domestic avocations on the plan- tation, or reside in the cities, &c. All these are supported from the avails of the cotton crop. At least $25,000,000 in value of breadstuffs, provisions, salt, sugar, molasses, tea, coffee, shoes, blankets, articles of clothing, and other articles of necessity or comfort, is annually required for such laborers and others engaged in such production or preparation, or who possess the capital (lands, slaves, &c.) employed therein; and of live stock, agricultural implements, machines, bagging, rope, &c., chiefly furnished by the other*States of the confederacy from their own products and manufactures, or, through them, from foreign countries who purchase our cotton. Cotton employs upwards of 120,000 tons of steam tonnage, and at least 7,000 persons engaged in steam navigation in its transportation to southern shipping ports. In some sections it pays freights to rail- roads for such transportation. Its first tribute to the underwriter is for insurance against casualties in its transportation from the interior. Cotton affords employment and profit to the southern commission mer- chant or factor, and to the many and various laborers engaged in cart- ing, storing it, &c.,in the southern port; and a second tribute is paid to the underwriter for insurance against fire whilst in store. ‘The ‘‘ com- pressing” and relading it for shipment coastwise to eastern Atlantic cities, or to foreign ports, and insurance against the dangers of the seas, give additional employment, and cause additional charges. The transportation of that portion of the crop sent along the gulf coast to the principal gulf ports, or coastwise to eastern Atlantic cities, employs upwards of 1,100,000 tons of American shipping in the gulf and Atlantic coasting trade, and upwards of 55,000 American seamen engaged in such trade. As no foreign vessel can participate in the trade, the freights are highly profitable. They ordinarily average from COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 758 the gulf ports to New York not less than five-eighths of a cent per pound freight. In the eastern Atlantic cities, the wharfinger, those who unlade the vessel, the drayman, the storekeeper, the commission merchant, the cot- ton-broker, the weigher, the packers who compress the bales by steam power or otherwise, the laborers, and those who charge for ‘‘mendage,”’ ‘“‘cordage,”’ &c., &c., the fire insurer, and the shipper, the stevedore, and numerous other persons in those ports, find profitable avocations arising from cotton, whether destined for a home or for a foreign market. If destined for a home market, it pays the expenses of relading for shipment coastwise, or of inland transportation, by railroad or other- wise, till it reaches the manufactory. It gives employment at this time to upwards of $80,000,000 of capital invested in such manufactories. It affords means of subsistence to about one hundred thousand opera- tive manufacturing laborers, male and female, whose aggregate annual wages exceed seventecn millions of dollars. ‘The manufactories consume coal, use dyestuffs, employ machinists and other mechanics, and en- courage, because they aid to sustain the carpenter, the mason, the shoemaker, the tailor, and, indeed, all others in their vicinity for whom they create employment. Calculating interest on the capital invested, and all other expenses, estimated at $62,000,000 annually, (including raw cotton worth $35,000,000,) they furnish manufactures valued at $70,000,000. And there are, it is believed, at least 25,000 persons in the United States who find profitable avocations in the receiving and sale or shipment of these domestic cotton manufactures, whether con- sumed at home or abroad. More than 800,000 tons of the navigation of the United States en- gaged in the foreign trade are employed in carrying American cotton to Europe and elsewhere, and upwards of 40,000 American seamen are given employment in such vessels. It is estimated that the foreign tonnage and seamen employed in car- rying American cotton to Europe and elsewhere to foreign countries amount to about one-sixth of that of the United States so employed. An amount of cotton not equal to the average annual crops of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, united, is annually furnished by us, and provides means of employment in Europe for upwards of $300,000,000 of capital, invested in cotton manufactories, and to more than 3,000,000 persons of the ‘working classes” and others, who receive, store, sell, transport, or manufacture the raw product, and to many others, engaged in the sale or shipment of the manufactures. And not the least valuable of all the uses of this product to the peo- ple of the United States is, that it affords to the household of the hum- blest citizen, of every occupation—to the husbandman, the mechanic, and the laborer, whether distant from the marts of commerce or with- out the pecuniary ability to resort to them—and to the planters and their dependents, the masters and the servants, the means of supplying themselves, by their own handiwork in its manufacture, with numerous, and various, and inappreciable comforts, which, without it, they would have difficulty in obtaining. In yielding them such comforts, it stimu- lates them to industry and frugality ; it gives them contentment; and 48 754 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON it fosters and cherishes that elevated spirit of independence, and that equally ennobling feeling of self/dependence, under favor of Providence, which ought to be universal constituents of American character. Not less than $7,500,000 in value of the products of the cotton-fields of the South is annually appropriated to such uses. Every interest throughout the land—at the north and the south, in the east and west, in the interior, and on the Pacific as well as the At- lantic coast—receives from it active and material aid. It promotes essentially the agricultural interests in those States where cotton is not produced. It is the main source of the prosperity of the mechanic, the artisan, and other laboring classes, as well as that of the merchant and manufacturer, in every section of the Union. Everywhere it has laid, broad, and deep, and permanent, the foundations of the wealth and strength of the United States, and of their independence of foreign nations. More than anything else has this product made other nations, even the most powerful, dependent on the ‘‘ United States of Amer- ica.’ More than any other article, nay, more than all of other agri- cultural products united, has cotton advanced the navigating and com- mercial interests of the eastern Atlantic States, and of the whole Union. It, more than any other agricultural product, has cherished and sus- tained those interests, not merely by its direct contributions, but by awakening commerce in other countries, from which they have received profitable employment. Neither the whale-fisheries nor the mackerel and cod-fisheries have been of the same importance and value to those interests as the annual cotton crop of the United States (since the war of 1812) has been for its transportation coastwise, and exportation to foreign countries. Like the light and heat of the sun, the genial effects of this inestimable blessing, which Providence hath bestowed upon this favored people, reach every portion of the land. They extend to every city, and town, and village, and hamlet, and farm-house—to the ship, to the steamboat, to the canal-barge, and to the railroad. Throughout the length and breadth of this vast empire, there is not a tenement in which manufactures of this product are not found. In the sacred temples, in the halls of justice and of legislation, in the count- ing-house, in the workshop, in the stately mansions of the rich and lowly dwellings of the poor, wheresoever man resorts, may they be seen. Cotton is found in the silken tapestries and decorations of the fashionable parlor, and it contributes more to various articles in less costly furnished apartments. It is used in the luxurious couch of the affluent, and in the pallet of the indigent. Every trade, calling, occu- pation, profession, and interest—all classes, in all seasons, and at all times—in the United States, need and use manufactures of cotton, in habiliments for the person and otherwise, in ways as various as their wants. The editor in his gazette, the author in his book, the lawyer in his brief, and all in their correspondence, use paper made from cotton. And not only have cotton and manufactures from it entered into and become indispensable to the convenience and comforts of the people of the United States—not only has this boon from the Giver of all good to less than a third of the States of the Union been the primary and copious fountain from which has flowed the chief portion of the vast aggregated wealth of the confederacy—not only has it, for at least COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 755 forty-seven years, done more than all else to enable us to attain our present advanced position as a commercial people, equalled but by one nation,—but, unless it is forbidden by a greater than earthly power we shall ere long, chiefly by the increase of the cotton crop, hold suprem- acy over her. The aggregate of our exportations of raw cotton since 1821, including that year, is upwards of one thousand jive hundred and thirty-nine millions of dollars, according to-the Treasury returns ; and whenever the increased wants of foreign countries require an increased supply, the quantity of at least one thousand and three hundred mil- lions of pounds, which hereafter will probably be produced annually for foreign and home consumption, can be augmented to meet the full demand, and still further increased for many successive years. We possess the resources in land and labor to supply the whole world; and, after retaining all that is required for our own consumption, it may be anticipated that hereafter, whilst we are blessed with peace and fair crops and prices, our annual exportations will not be less in value than one hundred millions of dollars. With this we can in a few years extinguish our foreign debt, both public and private, and amply supply ourselves with all the necessaries, comforts, conveniences, and luxuries of other countries which we do not yet produce cheaply or in abun- dance. There are other important results of the cotton crop of the United States deserving notice. There is one that must suggest and commend itself to all acquainted with the subject, and especially to the wise and intelligent statesman who looks beyond the generation in which he lives, and above the atmosphere of party, upon which comment is omitted in this paper, lest the restrictions referred to in the first para- graph might be considered by some as violated. But there are two influences of this product (both moral and po- litical, rather than pecuniary) which should not be overlooked. The first relates to our own country exclusively, the second to its position with other nations. The influence of the various “ cotton interests”’ in every section of the confederacy in strengthening the bonds and bands of that federal union of the thirty-one States which constitutes our strength, and glory, and pride—its power in insuring the maintenance of the federal com- pact inviolate, and the maintenance of the laws of the land enacted under it—that influence which unites the promptings and also the re- straints of self-interest with those of patriotesm—is neither light nor tran- sient. It is potent and permanent. Cogent and satisfying to every true American are its teachings that no “ section” of this confederacy is the rial of any other ‘section,’ except in patriotic efforts to ad- vance the welfare of their common country. Their natural, and right- ful, and legitimate interests do not clash ; and all are best promoted by aiding, sustaining, supporting, and cherishing each other. If any would maintain the false doctrine that a “section” or evenasingle State, may justly have its equality reduced, its rights and interests disregarded and broken down, or that the local interests of one section may be pro- moted at the expense of any other of inferior numerical strength; andif, unrestrained by the federative compact, they should attempt the enforce- ment of such principles,—when the time comes for practical action, the 756 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON conservative influences above adverted to, in all sections, may be relied upon for the administration of a rebuke which, though it fails to con- vince the misguided of their error, will not be the less withering in its effects upon them, or the less powerful in upholding right and in the preservation of concord and union. With respect to foreign nations, it cannot be denied that by means of our cotton crop we have contributed to the necessities and wants of millions of the people of other lands ; we have created employment for their manufacturing laborers; we have done mucn to ameliorate the con- dition and alleviate the sufferings of all the oppressed and impoverished working classes of the old countries, and added to the sum of human comfort and happiness more than any other people within the last half century. And it has not been a theoretic principal, a transcendental abstraction, or a Utopian scheme of “ liberty, equality, and fraternity” — a cheat, like ‘‘ Dead-sea fruits, that turn to ashes on the lips”—that we have bestowed upon them ; but actual, practical, real, tangible, sub- stantial comforts, apparent to the corpureal senses. And, still more, by it we have been given effective means of check and restraint, and, it need be, of coercion too, as to the governments of those nations who have become, and must continue to be, dependent upon the southern States of this confederacy for the supply of cotton wherewith to provide employment for millions of their working men, women, and children, and wherewith to obtain raiment for all classes—idle and laboring, rich and poor. The necessity for such supply, and the dependence upon the United States for it, is valuable surety for ‘“‘the peace and good behavior’? of those governments towards this country, and towards all others, in ‘“‘the peace of God ;” and it is also some guaranty against outrage or oppresssion in their own household. | The true policy of this confederacy, dictated alike by interest and by duty, is to cultivate friendly relations with every other people. All that we enjoy we hold from the bounty of the great Ruler of nations and to fulfil his all-wise purposes. Those who suppose our high mis- sion is inconsistent with the sacred precept, ‘‘on earth peace, good will towards men,” areinerror. Insults may be repelled, wrongs redressed, and justice executed, without violating this rule. . Until the people of these confederated sovereignties cease to deserve the blessings of civil and religious freedom, the federal government cannot be transformed into a consolidated military republic, which may, when incited by lust of conquest, wield its mighty power to ravage, despoil, conquer, or sub- jugate other nations. An illustrious chief magistrate years since pro- claimed that ‘a fixed determination to give no just cause of offence to other nations” was a cardinal rule in the administration of the federal government; and he also said that ‘‘ with this determination to give no offence is associated a resolution, equally decided, to submit to none.” [lliberality, displays of hostility, and officious intermeddling in our affairs, may engender ill feelings, and provoke to recrimination and retaliation, and cause collisions; but in their career to the consummation of the high destiny awaiting the American people, if they do not forfeit it by misconduct, they should rigidly adhere to the rule just quoted, and to the other injunction by the same high authority—to ‘ask FOR NOTHING THAT IS NOT CLEARLY RIGHT, AND SUBMIT TO NOTHING THAT IS WRONG.” 7o7 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. A A 96F ‘689 ‘6I Eho‘F9S 078 ‘188 OPE ‘CSL °S BLT ‘666 608 ‘PSL ‘T 98b LLY GUE “EGCE TIL. [yes et: ee aero 906‘ TT €18‘T L09 807 GLE LIS 08¢ 900°L teeecieeeeceree sesortqunod 19410 ¢ ¢ 97 eeoeevee eevee eerie ee eee et Fee eeeticeeee2ee eevee eesiaeveeee ee Ce eeeiseoesee 820 2 4806 © gE Sor ee 22 8 eee SS SOUP: seu YStyig LIL OL T 1&6 eoveeeveeeeeeeetisneeeeveeve et eee etsiee eee eee ese eo @& oS OSL 6 eM Rae dich ua er Cth ae eM ag TR RE ECOL aay ¥G6'80€ ‘T 916°09 CLG I 610°€8 600°IT SIL‘ 76S 859° PLE LES 69S Pas ope Nee ie ae Le Oe ChE GLE | 886 90718 ji eae STé Thr 69 GIL‘ LT (008, GIS areas ee yo WOES GBS ‘8p ‘ST OFT ‘OLE 997 ‘008 T6L ‘46S GEL ‘SBS OS ‘OLE‘T GGh S961 G97, 600 Oa tee ee 068 FS +9 0S8 eP7s’s eee neesvneeccens L9G‘T aia v GGL 6E eee coe eo ere eee ete ee 8 oe UINTS[OT GGG G a4 eoeoewse@eeeeee & cae eooeeooee ee eee ee 106 6S €96 I a cle AE ea hic oa te oem eens | ONES KC) | ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ LIT “E86 ‘I$ PLO ‘968 800 ‘es LLG‘ LEG “TS Ps ‘I$ P68 ‘P68 Lig‘ 1a$ OP96SGR «fret rttsttt eee sumo, osueRy ‘JO SaInjoRy ‘org Suaed ‘ysn[d ,s10}eYy] "paelaprorqure *paropooun *peroloo “ONTBA [VIOT | -nuRW IeyIO pue prolly, * AIOISOFT pue sjosfoA | 10 potoquiey, | pue oz AA 10 peqyultg —wory poyrodwy “CULYOdWNI NOLLOOD 40 SHUNLOVANNVIN \ ‘SS8L ‘OG sung Supua svah ay2 cusp pajwodun spood wojjoa Jo anjor ay? Jo uamammig 758 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement of the value of cotton goods of foreign manufacture exported during the year ending June 30, 1852. FOREIGN COTTON GOODS EXPORTED. Exported to— Printed & | White & | Allother.| Total colored. | uncolored. value | Danish West Indies. ....e-- Hobide Saw teresiote $2, 7A8 |. 2006 $550 $3,298 Hanse Towns ....ccccecsavccccrccces seeee 4,210 |. .secece- 225 4,435 England........ StS cya HERG Scie Oc 26,344 | $22,570 2,430 51,344 Scotland..... ecw cccece sae eevee cccacossees 12 S60) ae wen eee ate 326 12,691 _ British Honduras.......... eee cleleeins a teineree 95 Icy. cde wee 95 British Wrest Indies... < . ecie ce'e'ss.0 vo ane isle « 12,513 736 3,052 16,301 British American colonies....eesscecessecees 23,204 |; 22,418 5, 686 51,308 Camada:.. cj +. falta che faleln\eetelaielteelaleie Neccenie 120,383 | 108,711 37,889 266,983 MEE AIECE oocp wes alelo elev ainte ince ote ele xa crm eet loi 130 false ow 9 axes eit en 750 Giibalse = ac wien ale Basle Ssietaeets Shes Gh gor ess a: 3,176 812 15,396 19,384 Porto Rie. oii oo 5 cro wee winn,c e\nin see ale sinielele: SIO leone aioe Sarees 370 PA ay Elna ie es esas. ste s wiseine se = aiaie.ols/0icyalalan wre reauste w|i 5) ROO Oey Noenaien aeeea 1,310 31,293 WIOKICG .<. «aie en oc wGiess wcle'ss cla esie a neanyeescl ING, 050) | “ooaunae 65,095 484 , 826 Central America... ccecccccsreccccrcecercs 1,671 1,222 786 3,679 New Grenada.......ceee oo been Se ee eee 1,003 1,453 3,936 6,392 WENEZUEIA . sine ose e's len a's ce ciao Biace(G. nisiae a eis As arasay aaa are eee 422 Brailes os eslo eterwies.s'2 ayelaetala! oblate rele eta eee ater Ax Ope haiaieote ieee 460 5,243 Chali oer ors natin Hage bese = TOS OC ED eT On ape 6,856 9,950 172 16,978 MEER ao loo ovina a Wipsiniaieala ei ojenjaletaye Ese eo ne as ceeeceess 1,699 eee 1,699 CUM soso c cc ns cen cce nese vs sveces senee ee alice atacke ose’ EPO, wee rele ee 7,146 PRT VCH iaelefafaraineets icin =ohetece PSO EON Unnianc encod aa eaor csc oc 882 882 South seas and Pacific ocean. ..seessesseeees 4,963 1, 302 [ni aeeiem © ope 6,265 Total .oc'e's Uiee'ciee Sesle'e es mslecioe ve | 402,314) 4010215 oe 991,784 709 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. eoee eee 8 oe eoeeeeeevee ‘JO san} IST'CLOSLG—’ NOLLOO dO SHUALOVAQNVI O€& 8 81 861 ee eee eon ¢ 06 oe ‘ured -OVBJNURU 19YIO] pue peolty, e@ceoreeoev eee ree ef/os8 eo eee 6 @ s OO OLF LOY‘ TT 616 79, ggc‘9 LLG ‘GFT QTL’ 681 998 ‘FI ELE‘S 00S ‘F8 c9T G8E ‘00 OTB LI OLL“ LP PIL'€ 16h LG 91 ‘9ST 666 ‘61 eoesreee eee Pr ‘ot 66S GLG €6E‘T BLE'OS £06 ‘FIT ely V eee eceee 606 ‘T COL ‘F e eso ele eeele e e@ @ ele LIL‘9 L09 LI6 CoS ‘ah eoereeee ee ee eeevieseaveeoee eeoeoseaceseeaeeesiseoeseea eve *poilojoouy) *paio -[09 10 poyUulig 960 @Ih 660 ‘8ST. eoeerve7 ee 8 © 28 @ SGP OLS 160°69¢ ‘FI OLG | p96 T ° ° g9T 81 CIE &h GOS" OLB 'T G6E (G6E 8S 9BB ‘LEG‘G eevee e@eeve a exneeeeersese @ S8I°STs 108 ‘068 ‘T. 616‘E GOT ‘OTS ore ‘co6# ‘OnTeA TIGL GLE (LG LOG “G66 "1 656" 140 °6 818 ‘661 “SLI GPP 'G eel “F1 eee e © 68 6 © @ @ O° eeeceseaoe eee e@ eee 00 8 © @ @ 18 © e@ eaoeee se e282 © © ee eooteweoeveerte ee eevee ee eee @ oe £08 ‘S61 968 °ES6 | PSE (99 ST BIT’ E86 ‘96h 068‘ LST‘ LG eeeeeo0ee 60 8 @ GhO 656" OI BGG ‘SET ‘GS e@eeevese ee see e CHO‘ LE G60 "66'S 891 ‘SLY ‘OT - “SpUnod “purdy eee e978 2 © © 60 eoeeeseve7086 8 G66 LES 896‘ 66r ‘T @eeeseee 4300 ° eee LIP ‘B6S COP ‘8 eoeeoe qaeeere e ° ene L ° v‘6 “SPUN gq "CEL'COG' LEG—"NOLLOO MVU *purys] PAG eeee ee ee @e ee sooeeess *TTPAUBIIOVIPIA, OY} UO uIedg ssn wee ee one See OIE OUT uo uredg coeeereesececeses SOIDUT ISOAA YOUILT seers ess TROURIIO}IPATA, OY} UO OUI T oars ese 9-8 Fes es OTD ane et} uo a9ouel T Daten eee e eee eeecree ees eoprensny slsssie'0s © s**SQTTIO[OD) UvOLIOWUY ysiplig tote e ence tee eee meee eeres sop DtE $MEO 46 sis) 9iase 8 9:9:89 RSL TET 489 AA. Ysiyig a clays 7aeteensit se: © 216.52? eh EOI E MET TOR ws teense eases tects ee es espinpuopy avs 678 wnenerehdrast ey atace edo] pooxy jo ode Sere eae SOLD UN, 4Seyy Ystylg ws te teense n eee e ec aeee e eee e optDTy Peete eee eee eee ee eeee es DITRIGI teeta eee e teen eer eeeeeree® DUDTOI west seen tse ee ere ewer eees DUETIONG Penn ee tenet reer en enon ee onUDl sunt sete eee cree sere eee ee se UMIsOg Vierie re ete ee ae aU OM YouNG Ce eee ee SON euL qseuy young eececneeeee aA chan es le 01021 () [01 2 aie § og 66 SACRE AS SSPE STO Uren ecooerveseeese oe oe SoIpUuy SO AA Ystutg S'S aise diWiey Ria ARES EES SEY Ce TE OGT: a a i See edi aaa dt Le hi) 0 11) | 489 AA YStIpomMs ce reeneveness oe KBMION pue uspeMg SPs Be Raita Be Wag, ON Tees THO AN POETS O82 e ST St, ‘poylodxa sayy AA "SGQT ‘OR aune supua avah ay) duanp saunjovfnunu uojj09 dYsaUOop pup U0}09 mvt Jo sjroduy ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 760 889 ‘TLS SIL ‘PE v66 LOG 686 ‘9 coeeeeree e@eeeoese ee ee ee ele ee eee @ ELE ‘SOL i ee G60" GFT es vOE'G 169 ‘06 eoveveevereseeeved eeetrere een wee erie eo eee ee 28 e 82 oo © 18 VIG OL9 ‘I$ 698 ‘68 @easeveeev eee ee et ov eevee tee ee & & "JO sain} “ured -OBJNULU IOYIO] pur peoAY,], 168‘ 681 ‘9 T6496 868 ‘186 PIs ‘TI ————_—= POF ‘966 660 LI 990 ‘6G 08 ove eeeccseeees 8&6 ‘9 967 ‘106'S G16 LG 000‘ 0ST. £66 ‘660‘T 0c¢ ‘60E 910‘T OSS ‘S6E SL‘ IPL I8L ‘61 606 ‘TF 965 ‘16 GOL S06 GOL ‘BIT OST ccT‘9 pee rere ese eeee GES" 8G 919 °T GGL" OVG 6E6 ‘61 Log ’IL L80°L G86 9G GG6 “8G G86 akc sér'L E87 ‘E S19‘ SSL. GOr'9 G60 ‘01 LEV ‘881 6LEs “palopoou yy e@oeede eo eve 0&7 e@eeree © 808 88 €8h Ol GOLF "poio0 os -[00 10 poqyulig ISL'CLOSLG—"NOLLOO 40 STUNLOVANNV GEL‘S96‘ LB eooeostese eveee eooe GLU‘T eoere ee ow ee eoeaee 8 0896 © oe eoeoe@ een e ee ee eee ee 860 8 oe eoeere eo ese ee eoeeee ee eon ee GP6 ‘ISS eee eae © © @ oe LIL’ 606°T 686 ‘9IP 1S8‘SS6 Ore ‘6 vss ‘coe oe e808 © & @ oe "on[RA eS an Ce eS ee 79S ‘G6P‘T80‘T eeoeevereen ese ee eo 8 @eeeeseve eoeoreaeoee e@eooetese eee e808 © @ eerseeeeoee cee @ ©eee 60 © © © © oe eeoeseee2ee 0908 000‘8T e@eveecv eee e@eteeeee0 eeneves 160‘00L‘9 PEP 816 6 668 ‘89¢‘S eoeceee 8 8 & 40 © CPP S98 ‘GI CEG ‘86 eeeereae ee 28 @ E598 P6G eoeoeerw eee © 88 @ "SpUnod ‘pueldy ee GLO‘8EL ‘IT —————<—__ —_-— eoeoere ee ee eevee eeooeoeee eee eo @ eoeoree ese eee ee eoeoee eee ee 8 0 oe “spunog "purIs] vag "BEL°COGS LQK—"NOLLOO MVU Petree eeeeeesTmOT ‘***"Ue0Q oYlovg pur svag yynog Sade: e50 cise wie ee a's: ’ AT[RIOUS ROLLY ase tar sey ess mie A BIGUOD BISW sreeeees ATier9sUes ROLIOULY YNOG Petree eet te eee eee e ewer ee mI entre eee et eee emeeeeeeeenigg vette este ee ree eee e ee ee prATIOg SCN ras treeeeerrecess ognday ouljuesIY sige © ee 886.810 66-0 oqndeyy eulye[dsig ee ee ee ee mee Se ata Be Cn ne cre ere ae ge BU oa sooeee* CPVURIY) MONT sess RoTaULy Jo o1[qnudey [eyuag eece (ae ie see ee ea ZT ea eI eta (11/5912 EL ‘yuvAa'yT ‘ayn J, *-ssq10d uRiIjsny Iay}O pur ojSaLLy, Se are ae ie ean ene tee eee ce a a eaaevee Sete Te CaS Cee kines Soe Seteh RS SEN eA Se A ae A[eyy BOD TEE EMR AE ST ASTON op Ono tcteeseeeseggr0zy Iayjo pur [edr gy tence te eee serene eerees TpENIIOg sees * soIpUT ISAAA Ysturdg 10yIO seth eee etree eer ee seteeess BOT spurs] ourddiyryg pur vary ** SOLIBULD JeYjO pues afflioua Tf, *poytodxe 1ayyy AA ‘ponunu0O— DNA GLE VL Years. 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843* 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 Specification of exports of foreign cotton manufactures. Dyed and colored. $379,701 572, 626 1,206,502 1,544,231 1,105,252 1,032,381 | 964,904 | 1,402,103 751,871 905,028 | 1,746, 442 1,094,419 1,352, 286 1,818,578 2,308, 636 1,975,156 2,103,527 826,111 945, 636 838,553 574,503 502,072 951,808 978,434 981,775 390,282 372,877 640,919 494,941 974,559 440,441 452,374 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. $390,302 |....ss.004 Hosiery, mits, &c. | or on eG IO = o> Or Twist, yarn, and thread $6,532 8,817 24,767 8,474 9,412 34, 862 63,413 46,736 97, 656 58,325 70,254 29 , 026 134,229 66, 403 87,089 78,176 86,756 29,768 34,082 China nankeens. $874,608 eoeooeeseeeeoe } eeoeerneeveves eeeeesnaeen { eeeceseeoee leeveseovnesn eee es eee esis seeeteeseesvesveereeens * Nine months. All other, velvets, &e 761 Total exported. 991,784 762 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Domestic manufactures of cotton exported from the United States. Years. | Printed and White. Twist, yarn,| Nankeens. | Not speci- Total. colored. &e. fied. [82608 26 $68, 884 $821 , 629 $11,135 $8, 993 $227,574 $1,138,125 NSD Tis eve 45,120 951,001 11,175 14,750 137,368 1,159,414 Histo me © Sea 76,012 887, 628 12,570 5,149 28,873 1,010,232 1629 ce. a 0A 981,370 3,849 1,878 127,336 1,259,457 TES0 5. 2 61,800 964,196 24,744 1,093 266,350 1,318,183 ABST aie. 96,931 947,932 ie et 2,397 61,832 1,126,313 $632 eaves 104,870 | 1,052,891 12,618 341 58,854 1,225,514 EBSS 5 4's 421,721 | 1,802,116 104,335 2,054 202,291 pee aa | 1834.,...| 188,619 | 1,756,136 88,376 1,061 51,802 2,085,994 ch Oye a 397,412 | 2,390,202 97,808 400 7,859 2,858,681 LOAG vise ss 296,625 | 1,950,795 32,765 637 14,912 2,255,734 LBST sac. s 549,801 | 2,043,115 61,702 1,85 175,040 2,831,473 TS S83 ois 252,044 | 3,250,130 168,021 6,017 82,543 osi06,10D £8307) 5's. 412,661 | 2,525,301 17,465 1,492 18,114 2,975,033 TS402..5.:: S90 910 | 2p 20 soo. 31,445 1,200 192,728 3,549,607 TAT cody s ig 450,503 | 2,324,839 AS SUS Wine ss xcmieraee 303,701 3,122,546 1842 2% a 385,040 | 2,297,964 BPRS DIS Maas eign ec! 3 250,301 2,970,690 1843*....| 358,415 | 2,575,049 DHS Le hee co otal 232,774 3,223,550 1844.....; 385,403 | 2,298,800 A ADA HA Seve neteiens ak 170,156 2,898,870 NEADS. 516,243 | 2,343,104 14,379 | 1,174,038 280,164 4,327,928 IBAG oh e0s 380,549 | 1,978,331 81,813 848,989 255,799 3,545,481 184753... 281,320 | 3,345,902 108,132 8,794 338,375 4,082,523 S482 <.% 351,169 | 4,866,559 170, 633 2,365 327,479 5,718,205 EBAQ 2 ew 466,574 | 3,955,117 92,555 3,203 415,680 4,933,129 1850.....| 606,631 | 3,774,407 1 405? ise ec 22% cele 335,981 4,734,424 1851 is.si0 1,006,561 | 5,571,576 Bie G0 leew cies eels 625,808 7,241,205 cae 926,404 | 6,139,391 SA, TIO ee. cs Seer 571,638 7,672,151 * Nine months. Notse.—Previous to 1826 the published treasury statements do not specify these exports as above. 763 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. P86 (898 ‘26T 812 '689 961 B16 ‘9F6 ‘OEE GC '999 “OST. TST ‘P06 'O8T. POF 169 ‘OST. 868 IFT COL 912 '666 (66 196 (ST ‘66 S81 "S01 ‘LY 966 (696 26 BEL ‘BSE ‘90T P89 ‘G68 ‘STL 168 ‘S69 '0T 168 (S80 '96 TIP F9¢ G6 089 (916 (90 G80 ‘681 ‘TOT GOT ‘P30 ‘18 869 (LTE (01 OLP ‘LET ‘69 100 1116 ‘19 60 ‘GOP 69 S61 (002 ‘ag 699 699 (09 169 (126 89 OTL '920'8¢ CPL “FP6 (99 005 (649 (89 80P (SCI ‘LP 610 'F18 '6F F68 ‘TLO ‘SPS *sy.10dx9 ONSsMOp [v}OY, | “soInpoRInUe 086 'GF0 “ST. 196 ‘9ST 87. TGP 961. (oT 118 ‘6PG TT. BEL 1982 (BL FOE “196 (OT $90 ‘2g OL TOL ‘688 OT PCL ‘619 '6 1G 611 9 769 ‘017 ‘8 080 896 6 GOP 618 '6 G80 (G26 (8 810 ‘166 '8 166 (961 2 86¢ ‘LOT '9 610 769 2 868 '1¥6 (9 080 ‘149 '9 689 (090 '¢ 068 (980 (¢ 086 ‘066 '¢ 086 ‘ZIP 'G TSE ‘SFG '¢ Tg9 ‘ose '¢ OST (S6F G 162 ‘661 '¢ S88 ‘178 > 869 '68T (8 080 'T2E'8 189 ‘ZG ‘3S 161 ‘96 'G 8LL SG0 '¢ 08118 680 (81 118 '690'¢ TG 2a 916 'G89 'S CCP 660 8 896 ‘110 '8 608 ‘189 'T 600 (088 C08 (929 6” 9F8 (926 668 ‘109 ‘6 961 (9918 066 ‘CCT 'g 169 ‘098 ° 1&0 ‘68 8 PIS ‘CEP 1S E6P ‘699° 101 (960% C61 ‘P96 T PIO ‘98 'T SOF ‘089 ‘T 906 ‘128 T OLT ‘269 1. ¥69 ‘ILO % TLS ‘LTD 'T 989 ‘FEL 'T 009 ‘C66 'T 019 ‘108 'T 808 “BIg “1S *roquwy O10 ‘eer 199 ‘ISP 08 ‘GP ALT "IS GL ‘STL 048 'G61 F20 ‘086 | 100 ‘10 ‘T ie ‘16P 90T ‘082 $8) ‘TOL 4 POT OGL 828 (098 00 618 OF8 ‘692 068 ‘196 | P89 ‘800 ‘T. 719 ‘698 068 ‘066. T6L 980 ‘T PES ‘606 600 ‘896 ¢ ¢ 899 '990 ‘T he 26 t ¢ SLL '8L0'T POL ‘9ST 'T 008 00 ‘T 888 'S16 169 ‘816$ “UST POG (862 GOL ‘116 99F 68 886 (999 CPL IPs 6a ¢ 600 ‘£90 'T CGE '8F3 ‘T 961 OL ae se ‘68 ror * 69S ‘866 681 ‘186 ‘T v9 9 806 ‘199 G99 ‘C9 ret ons 886 TFS a 092 ‘T#9 L0¢ ‘9% G86 ‘969 fe Z69 ‘F2G acer ‘199 116 ‘219 ¢ B0G L0G G03 ‘9918 “sng pus surg 168 ‘612 | GC9 “FST IT SOF GIB 'T LCT F991 899 ‘196 ‘T. OLL TPL 'T 180 ‘890 ‘T C98 ‘818 628 ‘82 896 ‘80g CBI ‘888 C18 ‘P0¢ 6F) ‘01Z OSG "LET be 6 €80 ‘PET 608 (VOT 660 ‘061 GCP (8&3 068 °C63 962 'F96 O18 (OFT C06 (OL. POS (9LT 640 ‘FST eh G0B ‘$0 811 ‘Z6T. TPO ‘TS ‘ 183 ‘061$ “98000 pue 190y4ng *SYJUOU OUIN 6L¥ (009 'T 826 (689 'T 809 ‘G09 'T 826 ‘820 °% TPS (G06 *T 680 ‘PEP 'G 806 PLP 'S 608 (966 'T. Teg '0¢8 'T. 6F6 (260 'T 869 G16 ‘T 816 'F06 G18 (629 9F9 TLE 18 ‘866 OFT ieee 99T (669 T9L '869 G16 Cod 910 (S86 180 'PLL B86 628 €89 (LTL G06 (FLO 196 61d 969 OLL OSF 'e8) GOP (086 666 101 TOP 681 PEO PPS 828 869% ‘ow ‘Sopra ‘oqo ‘yoog | ‘sdoy ‘y10g OLP G9) 'S C10 898 F 186 (099 (2 G88 (GPs 9 GLB ‘600 6 ZFS (069 9 P88 '688 6 FSB ‘166% 6LP 98S 020 ‘OBI '% SOF (629 16 ‘189 6 P68 ‘P68 ‘I 086 (LLL 1 9F8 18 T 962 (666 T PPE (E88 'T BEL (911 T 100 ‘961 'T 889 TST 3 961 826 T PP9 10S T CFG (STS T 629 'S6P T 088 (CGF T 869 (S99 'T GCP ‘G68 T 619 (268 T 140 ‘68P 'T BOE 168 'T 668 (198 °T OTL Pas ‘TS ‘op ‘PALT SFT (698 (IT. TES "P69 (OT 019 (860 2 889 (086 TT GOL POL ST L18 (S&T. (96 699 (899 ‘TT S69 (868 '9 88h (692 9 G10 (6918 9G6 C16 ') 979 (69) 2 C19 (SPL OT OLE S26 9 666 "809 '8 696 186 3 669 LG 8 LL P68 7 618 (099 'F G09 CFG Tel (P16 F 881 T9F OF GBT CET 9 660 ‘000 '¢ 699 ‘682 F 188 ‘P&P 'F 99F TOL F LUIGI F 9LT 692 9 818 ‘96 F 08 ‘60T ¢ $h0 ‘866 FS “MOLT 610 ‘TLE 'S 186 (011% 1E9 ‘19 13 ZOE (699% P28 168 3 968 (209 '¢ 166 ‘F9¢ '3 9GP ‘09T 'B SOF STG 961 (G29 'T 186 ‘206 ‘T 101 ‘010 910 'OF6 'T 86 09F % 618 1162 °T 616 ‘606 OGL ‘SF '3 TSE (016% BEG G21 '% SIF PLL T9E (OST 'S 19 ‘910 13 ¥68 ‘986 T OLE ‘PIGS 969 (069 % 806 ‘SF °% GpP 116 T CPG 1606 TT 286 (688 'T 286 ‘028 ‘I Z8P ‘694 'T 108 ‘F6P TS ary {8G ‘180 ‘OT 1&0 ‘612 °6 860 'TS6 16 108 "P08 'G GOT Tae") 980 ‘BFS ‘2 016 ‘817 (8 618 '69P 1 COG (168 8 616 099 'P GG) ‘OFS 6 GOL 919 GT 106 88 '6 SF6 ‘GE8 6 620 ‘268 ‘1 199 *C6) '¢ 0F9 ‘890 (OT 11¢°092 '8 G08 ‘269 9 896 Go) ¢ 692 ‘666 ¢ 886 (668 FP GIT S88 1G OLE ‘S8T ¢ 101 ‘08P '¢ QFT 918 9 806 'LF8 '¢ 829 ‘STT 9 999 (C98 |b G19 ‘283 ‘9 8&8 (G66 9 296 ‘8F9 C$ “o00Vqoy, BSL ‘G96 (18 LIS ‘S18 ‘SIT 919 P86 TL 196 ‘966 '99 766 ‘866 19 8P8 (GTP igo TPS (19) ‘OF 8F9 681 TP TOS ‘890 ‘Fa 908 ‘611 6P POP ‘869 LP 1¥8 ‘086 ‘Fg 108 018 '€9 G86 ‘883 ‘19 TI8 ‘99¢ ‘19 GOL ‘OFS ‘89 G26 'F8C LL G08 (196 'F9 ZOP ‘SPP GP COL 16 98 289 PBL ‘18 BEF ‘68S 'Gs G88 'FL9 ‘63 TIE "C2 ‘9 626 ‘LSP ‘ZS GES ‘698 ‘6 PIG (G00 'cG 6F9 ‘9F8 ‘98 LOP ‘266 ‘12 08 (SPF 106 820 ‘eso ‘FZ PSP ‘LST ‘OZ$ "110909 "SIVOA “*""6Q8T . . “***Tast **0¢8T *" 6P8T "SPST *" LPBT *" OF8T "CPST. “PPS “*8P8T *" OP8T “" TP8T *“OPST 688T **8§8T “"1E8T “"9S8T “"é8T “"PS8T * S88T "881 *TS8T “"088T "* 6@8E **838E ** 168T “"9G8T "6st "Past "S887 " B68T. “TS8T -noads pun uoyjng Supnjou ‘pajsodaxa sjonpoad ausawop fo anjoa 0202 puw ‘pazsodxa sjanposd auysamop urnj1a9 fo sanyo \ REPORT ON ANDREWS’ 764 ee z eng Bas SES BTL ‘169 (ST G09 '98P 116 B19 ‘189 ‘61 62) ‘SBI (GT LTP 1906 LT OPL ‘902 FT BOP (119 ‘OL 6G) (098 ‘ST 068 ‘986 (ST OST ‘099 °6 609 (TPL '8 086 (108 ‘OT 266 (007° 916 '2G9 ‘ST DGS ‘GPP 'G SGP ‘L107 '8 LLP (OTT (ST SPL ‘699 TT LOE (816 11 186 (a¢T 1G 999 110 (8 998 ‘198 (31 B98 (218 1G 110 (1619 164 "891 '8 688 ‘LLP 'L PPG ICL '9 190 ‘GOT ‘OT O8L ‘STP '9 PSG "186 1161284 '8 899°800'9$ *s0}RqS Poyuy) ey} UL potansuo0D P82 ‘166 0F6 (119 LOT (16h ae BLE 916 C8T (08h 606 '619 £79 OF i 919 (808 668 (968 950 (606 , 6SP SOL 'T 996 1906 'T 909 '691 'T STP (689 % 919 GOL % 188 1169 '8 P98 998 819 ‘P09 % 180 (286 848 '826 ‘8 POP 686 'T OF6 (P99 I 681 BF % P18 (888 ‘T 060 1986 °% oP POP 116 ‘18 1% 660 119 % 969 799 T SPL 189 1S *poq1odxe 1840), 96P (689 (61. BPP POT Go GL ‘80 106 1P8 (PS) (GT 689 TGP (ST. C18 'Z6T GT 929 (098 (ST. 686 '698 ‘SL SLY iTF9 (ST 961 (896 3 GIG '810'6 980 (19) 11 PSP P09 '9 TST. '806 (PT 086 (669 9 1¥8 (0GT (ET 180 (918 (LT O89 1196 1ST TST (SPE OT GPP (099 'L &99 (668 ‘OT 766 060 (91 9BE 98 "1 110 ‘398 '8 016 1966 OL ET (918 16 P80 SP8 (6 919 "60 ‘OL 1G) 968 '8 118 ‘799 '8 106 9F6 01 TLL “689 °1$ *poytodulr [eqoOy, 186 ‘690 °@ 686 (LIT 8 161 ‘188 % 080 ‘86 T 689 (B86 “T BIG ‘68 | OFE 816 11 988 P19 1 P00 ‘S18 “T 806 (26> eee 18 +06 PLP isi¢ 169 ‘P18 819 (P88 818 PPL 710716 109 (8a¢ 068 ‘689 198 (666 nr 8 CLE 626 868 IZ1P 6LP '860 °T 1P8 'P&p G66 ‘OPT Ld (oh8 161 ‘SPS eer ere rr oe eos ee eee nC ee errs oes e eee te oe wows ‘]1eJOp Ul poyloods AT[NF Jou o.1v suANJoI O8dIT} [ZBL 0} SHOLADIG eee ee eo ee ewe teow gg 1G GOTT BLL ‘8 670 ‘26 666 ‘G8 BPS ‘83 120 ‘6 188 ‘LP 100 ‘28 629 OBI 910 ‘PIT 68% ‘866 6LI ‘GPS 186 ‘888 126 ‘996 086 ‘F08 8h ‘098 £89 ‘S81 002 ‘009 G98 ‘828 816 ‘T98$ “om “SIOA [OA ‘810140 IV ‘sUOOYUCM BUILD 0F8 '188 688 (086 OCT 661 609 OL) BGP 1B) 9ST ‘TTg Tg (9¢9 691999 900 ‘169 1B 9B 116 (L¢h OST (898 G60 (188 400 611 PIL (G26 809 '70P 066 'acq ay ne 86) ‘618 690 (SFE BCI 9I8 681 241 OBL ‘ELT 070 ‘Fre ZLL'89B ¢ SPT GL GFE 106 690 ‘OFT 696 G0 88 (181 881 TS1$ *pes.1qy pue ‘ured “4Qstay, *SJUOT OULN x OPE (ZT 'B 668 (LIL 'S SLT (899 IT ina 68 ‘SLT 'T 60 ‘808 'T 189 (966 'T 09F TOL 'T SPS LOE | 169 ‘180 “L 689 (086 810 26. €82 ‘618 'L 998 10) 1961198 'T 809 (898 'T 696 (906 296 (6PL 698 ‘829 ST¢ ‘G80 ‘T 196 (188 166 ‘980 098 ‘0F9 G11 ‘687 018 ‘POF G16 ‘SFG PIG ‘198 909 ‘FIS 608 ‘SeP ¢ 682 ‘S61$ O8P (LLP 3 P70 '66P I 008 '6LL 1 G69 SEP T 996 18% 616 (089 °% UBT (169 'T TGP ‘828 'T G92 019 'T COT 868 | P68 (G86 'T G09 (619 ‘T TOT (LI6 186 ‘FSS GPL ‘086 | 866 ‘T19 T 18) 991 °6 SGP SEL (6 GBP 991 '1 GIG TST I B19 896 °G QLT (G86 > P08 LSP % 208 BFS % OTS IGF ¥66 PSS '@ 460 (098 °G 806 (988 'S OFS 'FC8 13 818 989 % 109 196% OP TIS G8 om ‘sqrum ‘ALOTSO ET “OVUM 906 (e699 ‘TT LP GFP PL 163 (OF9 ‘ST F68 (986 01 L0G ‘06F (21 BT 820 (01 266 (GG) '8 OFS 'ZLG 8 616 F688 818 6811 PPS 89 ‘9 161 ‘PSP ') 769 S68 '6 000 (918 6 1g¢ 116 7 016180 '2 086 (61 (1 BGL 019 OL 868 (899 '9 1¥9 TST '¢ GLP (CC '9 009 960 (OT G19 ‘998 'P 810 FOF 'F PPS ‘SSI °9 OFS '9T8 '¢ GBL "990° 088 G02 12 O16 ‘912 °¢ 66P (668 'F 891 998 'G LOP 998 ‘FS *pa.lojoo pue posqg ‘ah ‘paunsuos ‘pajsodaa 7pj0) ay) pun “pajsodun sainjonfnunu Uo7209 UOMO] "SIVOK COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 765 Bullion and specie unported into and exported from the United States. Years ending— September 30........ 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 3 months to June 30..1843 Year to June 30......1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 fc ee eee Imported. 48,064,890 3,369, 846 5,097,896 8,379,835 6,150,765 6,880,966 8,151,130 7,489,741 7,403,612 8,155,964 7,305,945 5,907,504 7,070,368 11,911,632 13,131,447 13,400,881 10,516,414 17,747,116 5,595,176 8,882,813 4,988, 633 4,087,016 22,320,335 5,830,429 4,070,242 3,777,732 24,121,289 6,360, 224 6,651,240 4,628,972 5,453,981 5,503,544 . | 274,407,398 Exported. $10,478,059 10,810, 180 6,372, 987 7,014,552 8,797,055 4,704,553 8,014,880 8,243,476 4,924,020 2178, 773 9°014,931 5,656,340 2,611,701 2,076,758 6,477,775 4,324,336 5,976,249 3,508,046 8,776,743 8,417,014 10,034,332 4,813,539 1,520,791 5,454,214 8, 606, 495 3,905,268 1,907,739 15,841, 620 5,404,648 7,522,994 99,465,752 49,674, 135 965,529,935 ee Import’n over | Export’n over exportation. importation. SR ee $2,413,169 Creler eta aie ade Scat 7,440,334 J dabae Sl We Bisterens 1,275,091 $1,365, 983 Saaegat page cacte Ry Patera = 2,646,290 2, T1G;48S" |o deduced caves 1366250 |useere weiscaynise oe Bei ira cals ia 753,735 2,419,592 ‘jeowee eh egies BGO TAGAOE il, 5 Sinn Ole, slau lote Rgutalcls ome, &aivicnsene it , 108, 986 DTC) stecsib se eca.0 Yer olore are 4,540, 165 eseeeeteneseeoens ceoeeveeoree seen "376,215 |... 22,213,550}. The total difference since 1821 is $8,8 ia ae excess of importation over Prior to 1851, the same difference was $70,05 eee eee 5,045,699 4,536,253 "127,536 "9,481,396 "2°894,202 24011, 771 37,170,591 103,413,143 eed exportation. 766 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON STATEMENTS OF THE COMMERCE OF THE ATLANTIC STATES AND CITIES, It has been thought proper to place on record, under this head, a few general statements illustrative of the commerce and navigation of our principal Atlantic ports with foreign countries, in a convenient form for comparison with the aggregate of the United States, the internal com- merce and navigation of this confederacy, and with that of any or all foreign countries in the world. To this end, some statements relating to the aggregate commerce and tonnage of the United States are also appended. ‘These statements are of an entirely reliable character, most of them having been derived from official sources. It was under contemplation to prepare specific notices of each of the more prominent of the commercial cities of the seaboard for this por- tion of the report; but, upon application being made at the several points for the requisite statistics, and the discovery of the entire absence of such accounts as might form a proper basis on which to calculate the value of the coasting and inland or domestic trade centring at the several ports, it has been judged best not to make the attempt. The trade of New York, Boston, and New Orleans receives a larger quota from the interior than any other cities of the seaboard. 'This is owing to the fact of their better natural and artificial communication with that region lying between the Alleghany and Rocky ridges. The communication of the rest of the Atlantic cities with the interior coun- try has been chiefly, Aztherto, with that portion lying east and south of the Alleghany ridge, and by means of railways and navigable rivers. It will be seen that by far the largest foreign trade is enjoyed by New York—the next in value of importations being Boston ; and in value of exportations, New Orleans. The foreign exports of Philadelphia and Baltimore are made up principally of domestic manufactures, for the producing of which they possess facilities seldom surpassed, and of the agricultural productions of the States of which they are respectively the commercial capitals, and of Virginia, or rather those portions of these several States lying east of the Alleghanies. Their importations are chiefly limited to the more bulky and cheaper of such foreign fabrics, or materials and productions, as incur the least risk, and as are most wanted by those classes for whom they export—the richer and finer articles, to which greater risk is attached, being generally pur- chased of manufacturers’ agents, at the larger important cities. The southern cities have a large foreign and coastwise export trade, for the reason that the labor in that portion of the country is principally confined to the production of those articles for which there is not a full home demand. ‘The people of South Carolina, for example, are chiefly devoted to the production of cotton and rice, and the exports from Charleston are principally made up of these articles. ‘The same may be said of Georgia, with respect to cotton more particularly, and the exports from Savannah. Both of these ports have excellent harbors, of easy entrance, and the trade of Savannah is rapidly increasing. Just below the city some obstructions exist in the Savannah river, caused by the sinking of vessels during the war of 1812 and’15 to prevent the British from reaching and destroying the city. These are about being removed, and, when their removal is accomplished, vessels of heavy COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 767 draught can proceed safely to the wharves at the city. These south- erm cities import largely of northern manufactures. A statement fairly exhibiting the movement of merchandise coastwise would show a do- mestic importation into the southern cities having a much nearer ratio than the foreign importations to their export trade. While a greater portion of the cotton of the southern States is exported from their own ports directly to Europe, the returns, either in money or merchandise, are received principally through New York—which explains satisfacto- rily the excess of imports over the exports of that city. The cities of Baltimore, Charleston, and Savannah maintain their communications with the interior principally by railway ; and Mobile by the Mobile river and its tributaries. ‘These, like the northern cities, are pushing lines of railway into the heart of the country. The results which are to follow the construction of such works remain to be seen; and it is a question worthy of grave consideration whether these routes are not calculated to effect remarkable changes in the direction of our interior commerce, which, up to the present time, has of necessity been confined to few ; and whether an apparent monopoly which has been enjoyed by two or three cities is not to become, when commerce shall be liberated from the channels of necessity, the common property of all. In any event, there can be no question as to the good effect which the works referred to will have upon the business of the ports where they terminate. By opening a market to extensive tracts of country previously inaccessible, the producing area must be largely increased ; and the productions will naturally follow these railways to a market for shipment. Note.—The city of Savannah has also the fine river of the same name, which divides Georgia from South Carolina, navigable by steamboats nearly 200 miles westwardly ; and Charleston has tributary to it the rivers Ashley and Cooper, which are both capacious, and unite just below the city, forming Charleston harbor. The latter of these rivers is connected by canal with the Santee river, by which means steam navigation is opened from Charleston to Columbia. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 768 910‘ PSF ‘PPL ggg 199" 9IT 78S LE! 16 9LI‘ “LP6 66 966 ‘SLO‘E8 I19‘TES‘ SL COP‘ L68‘69 881 86S 'r9 LEGIGIT TE 180°9FP ‘LG £86 ‘8ce ‘SL G6 ‘790‘09 VIP‘ E8h ‘66 098 ‘6ST ‘89 90L ‘EPS ‘SL LI6‘OOL LIT V8 ‘PEL’ 18 O16 ‘FSL ‘GLE ‘syrod Ul JO on[eA ‘TGQT 92 PERT wolf ‘Anjonuun ‘ylOK NANT Pun GTe‘ LS8‘6L Le ‘08s ‘Lr LEG‘ 881 ‘GP 8&6 "CL 6F GE9 '98S OF 900‘9f9 ‘Ek OLL VSS '&€ £08 (GGL ‘66 780 °GL6‘ST 916‘ LOR ‘SS 082°66L‘0E 689 ‘80 GE PLY 9FG6‘TE C91 ‘FS9 ‘1 L&9 ‘6SF ‘SS 6ST ‘899 ‘Lz GEL“ 1Sh ‘6% 961 ‘3rs ‘Ech TPO, 986 ‘EEL ‘91 E10‘ iy 6 LOPS VOL! sil 80g‘ ‘160: ‘eT aaa Vas) ‘e LOP C68, ‘9 cal Grg" ‘6 £10‘ 198" G vt6 066, ie PSG‘ SLE ‘9 766‘ 669" ‘g 686‘ 80S: mite oss‘ 18 | ‘6 60L VER ‘9 PEG SFO. Pin 09s‘ 190 ‘6 Lee" 86. ‘6 08 ‘199° 1T# “osIpuRyo -19UI USIO10 J ‘sjiodxo jo on[vA “MUOA MAN 6GE ‘ECL eo PVE £69 lie 018 "€80° SE 086 Fr9° ae T6P (Gr0‘ SF 66S 856° LG 7S9 G10‘ VG 062° 198° a OPT. ‘Tag ° BL 690, 688° SI 9¢8 ' ‘660° acc 008 ‘00650 VG6 ‘£10 °6G 960 (066 ‘ST £69‘ E1P FT 66S" ‘909 ‘ ‘st 199 ‘96P ‘6T 916 ‘ORT ‘o1$ "079 Saonp -o1d o1jsaut0g GET’ 80S 06 ost ‘ 876" OT 80S 886% 6L9 ‘69'S €91 (959° ‘86 BG9 Tet 6 POL 881 Kc 8c ‘Es6‘9 £96" "GLO. "€ | 800 669" 8 E8P‘LL6‘T C6S‘PIL‘9 LLL'€SI' LG | GOV'POG BI | GLB'PSO'y —|_ERG“EPT‘S StL GLE’ 6 1S8‘989‘6 666 ‘SF8‘T GER ‘SEBS L LITS pe '% 8h0‘8S6‘8 SEP ‘86'S 619‘669‘9 188 ‘0&6 ‘T% 868 ‘€%6‘8 065‘ LPE‘S 8b3‘9LG‘9 Shr P88 sl | 69P'SOS'L | PLE 60E'S —|- SGP ‘GET'S PRP ‘RSL ‘ST 690‘9FT‘S SPT‘ LLO‘T P16 ‘89F‘E 009 ‘962 ‘ST P6L‘ 08‘ L &E8‘899‘S 696‘T9L‘S 8L0‘°GL6 ‘ST 981 ‘TPP ‘6 G61‘ LOF‘E 766‘€L6‘S 196‘968 ‘FT. 986 ‘GES‘S8 PIL LOS‘E CHS ‘GOL‘P PSL‘ L86°LT £99 ‘P69 ‘L 680‘S06‘S GL 68P ¥ Ler “See “eT 666 ‘00P‘L IST ‘TL9‘°% Sie‘ GOL a OFL ‘676 ‘LT 668‘9T0‘8 P98‘ TES‘ C66‘ SL ae LOL‘ SVG ‘PG 0ss‘9TL‘8 €€8 °009'P L6P‘STL‘F SoG ‘PLIST £96 ‘SIP ‘6 961” ‘Tea ‘F 868 °665 °F 686‘GLo‘9T$ | T19‘tg6‘sh | rEes‘oce’ss | zrL‘eeo‘ed ‘asIpueyo ‘029 f9onp ‘gj10d *[®10,], -I9Ul USIeI0,7 | -ord o4souI0g “UT JO ONnTeA gee "sj10dxo Jo on[rA *"NOLSOD *IVUSNIIUL “TS8T “OS8T “6781 “8PsT “LISI “9V8T “Gr8I “PPSL’ °° “OE SUNS OF v9 x "CPST OF OUNL 07 sy}UOUT GE “GVST “Tr8T ‘OF8T “6E8T *8E8T “LEST “9E8T “GEST "PEST °° OF Taquiaydag —SuIpus siv0 x uojsog fo sj1od ay) ojue srsodun pun mosf sjrodxa fo anyna ay) Surnquyxa quowanig 769 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. PLL “8h9'9 98L°SE9'G | 886 81% 86L°9IP'S 106 °P61'9 S19 F469 GLE LLE EbL‘99¢'9 TEL '9L6 0 LSS" 666° L G96 €1@ G68 °G8L" L Eb9 SPE 'G 19P 6GT"L Lop éIT rE0 910° L PIE’ GEV P LSP OSL 'G LG 611 006 0€9 6 S16°Gr0'F GSO 698 °9 GPG Vel OIL PPL '9 986° TPL 'E 686 916'S OPL’ SLE 6h6 106 °F OGL LI6°€ OLY '9BI'S 916" 166 096 °SE8 "PF GEL GLY 768° 800° GPE SI GGG E18 Bel '9IP 886106 °F TEL G96 LOS S69 'P €1e “101 '9 OPE SP6'F 900'8ST OPE" L8L"Y LI9 (S68 °P 891 °89L'S SPL ELE 060° S6h'S G86 966 9 199 9197 GLE €9G 6ST ele F 698 10L'S GLG 16ST LOY 6SE B91 S91 F G80 LSS" LT6 6816 PYL PEP GLI S96 6 €0¢ TST’ L bY 66 '€ 066° L9E PST “9608 EST 279 'S 698 66 'E 898 Shh 16h GLL'€ LOT “Lb9 ‘FF G66‘Sor‘p$ | Les‘scl‘T$ | 8cr‘oto‘et ‘asIpuvyo ‘og Soonp ‘s110d "TRIO J, -I9Ul USIOI0O,g | -o1d oTsoWl0g -WI JO on[VA *s}10dx9 Jo onjvA “HUOWILIVEA 819 891 "PI PE8‘°S90 ‘ST €08‘Fr9 ‘OL 000‘ LPL ‘ST 961 “9896 €6E 686 L SPP 9ST 8 BEG" LIG'L 856 SSL OLL TSE "L 980 GFE OL 688 ‘FOP 8 Or ‘LEO ‘ST OFS EGE '6 T10°089/ TT £€6 ‘890 ST LE6 ‘68 ‘ST 896 ‘6LPF ‘OTS “sjrod -Ull JO on[eVA 9£0°996°¢ 190‘ PSG 909 ‘10S ‘fF GPT ‘GSP IGP ‘ere ‘s GhS CGP GEE ‘SEL“S 120 ‘FOE LOT‘ 1FS‘8 968° LLG COO‘ TSL‘F 180‘€66 £9 PLS € 689 ‘FPP 966 HaEGee 666 ‘OLS 8P6 PSE 'G £00 ‘ER P68 °ESL°€ | 080° 09F 106 ‘6ST ‘¢ 89 ‘LPL CPI ‘0689 689 ‘E80 ‘T GIP‘ 666‘S POG‘ ISTE T¢T LLP Ee 809 ‘S66 666 ‘178‘E LG8°SLG‘T L09‘LL9‘E 966 ‘6r0‘T 066‘9LT ‘FT 161 ‘O09L‘T 972‘686'6% | ere‘ LsG‘Td ‘osipuryo ON -19W USIOIOT "sytodxo Jo on[VA “VIHA TAaGVTIHd *IUSNIIUE ‘TGOT O2 PERT wolf ‘hyonuun ‘asommog pun nrydpponyg fo squod ayn onur spsodua pun wot spsodza fo njna ay) suapquyxa quan 696‘ TOL ‘S POF 6F0 GLB 0&8 V G0E ‘RGF ‘SG T1€‘€96'8 S16 LST 819 (661 °€ ore ‘TL0°E Z ¢ ¢ PIS’ €66°¢ £98 ‘FOr ‘FP OG 9EL ¢ 116 (SPL? EFS 18h 'G GIL G9G‘S 199 ‘1695S 660‘9IP‘S 608‘ TE0‘e$ "079 Soonp -ord o1ysourog Se plhsicilt ° “OSB “681 “8781 “LYST ‘OSI “GPpst ‘TPS’ OE SUNG 07 TBO, EPRT' OE ouNEF OF sy TOT G “GPS! “TPSt ‘OrST “6ST ‘SE8T “LEST “9E€8I “Gest peers ° Og czoqmoydag —SUIPUO s1Rd A9 770 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Statement exhibiting the value of exports from and imports into the port of Charleston, annually, from 1834 to 1851, inclusive—direct trade. Sept Years ending— . 30, 1 Value of exports. Domestic pro- |Foreign mer- eeerecoeonen @esoeerveece eecoceeveeoes Total. $11,207,778 11,338,016 13, 684, 376 11,216,792 11, 032, 120 10,367,731 10,011,916 8,002,791 7,494, 664 7,740, 437 7,396,831 8,862,349 6,823,255 10,392, 286 8,027,485 9,673,907 11, 420,198 15,301,648 Value of im- ports. $1,787,267 1,891,805 2,801,211 2,510,860 2,318,791 3,084,328 2,058,561 1,553,713 1,357,617 1,294,389 1, 131, 127 1,142,818 902,427 1,588,750 1,481,236 1,475, 695 1,933,785 2,081,312 duce, &c. chandise. $11,119,565 $88,213 11,224,298 113,718 13, 482,757 201,619 11,135, 623 81,169 11,007,441 24,679 10,301,127 66,604 9,956,163 55,753 16,9710),809 31,892 7,477,340 ona 7,733,780 6,657 UBS EB Aig 3,697 8,856,471 5,878 6,804,313 18,942 10,388,915 3,371 SOOT PASO oie er olenenie ok 9,672,606 1,301 11,419,290 908 | 1D, S00 648: [5 225. PR | | Nore.—It is a matter of great regret that the application for full statements of the trade and commerce of the flourishing city of Savannah was not received in time for this report. Statement of the receupts into the treasury on account of duties collected at the ports of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, from 1835 to the 30th of June, 1852, inclusive. Years. ew eee oe ese eo 8 oo > esoteoeeseteseevee eeoaoeoeee-s eee of ew eoeeoe eee eevee ete ee estes eo eaeen Boston. 42,612, 486 2,236,041 1,328, 863 2,239 554 2,162,055 1,820,173 9,307,848 2,789,798 1,311,225 ! 4,411,372 4,676,157 4,844,199 4,098,226 2 5,033,772 4,380,346 & 6,177,970 6,520,973 6,250,588 New York. ~ + 411,597,466 90 2,159,111 30 13,424,717 87 | 2,637,796 28 9,679,756 05} 1,162,610 66 8,941,208 80 | , 1,882,613 06 14,475,995 91 | 2,326,384 71 7,167,968 53} 1,553,373 07 8,418,588 60 | 1,367,259 08 11,273,499 91} 1,659,125 67 4,072,296 44 559,649 65 16,792,679 41 | 2,255,860 77 17,255,308 60 | 2,361,325 72 16,975,972 34| 2,136,754 70 15,524,014 27 | 1,978,430 99 920,128,726 89 | 2,979,931 31 18,377,814 24 2,399,553 66 94,952,977 02} 3,122,660 40 31,754,964 26 | 3,783,787 32 98,772,558 75 | 3,715,126 21 Philadelphia. | Baltimore. 4666 , 937 1, 127,989 704,247 1,111,741 1,166,548 700,315 616,025 610,880 228,367 603,574 696,724 674,548 600,497 771,708 649, 402 1,004,961 1,047,278 1,063,530 ral COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. \ 690 ‘6h E58 °S LIG‘SIS LI6'@ 09L' LEP 6683'S | 698 °8LP GBL'G 007 ‘PIP 968°6 | OLI'ISy 0F6°6 66h ‘166 OP8°S | PLO‘GEr £66 °% PLE‘ 186 090°6 | 96b'SeE OBI BEG'06G | DLT'S | 9E8"STE GLI P0G‘99G 660'S | BS6°80E 99'S GOTT LSS PIS‘L | 886°88% L68‘T eee ¢ ¢ (4 ¢ EFS PES «| PHS'T | EzE‘TEG Oghi1 66S 18. | 6Se°l | see'ods LOST VL9‘S6L 9cg‘t | 96¢‘08% Orr 'T PIL‘ E9T SPL‘T | 868‘861 CEG. I SLE ‘FST ie 1 |. Wie ee bps PEE ‘POG 8cE‘T | $89‘Pes T8¢‘T 666 ‘I81 SPl‘L | OGr ‘TET SSI ‘T L€8 ‘9ST 886 GR0 ‘EST 0L0‘T G68 ‘LST eecneoneoee £9C6‘S)T City Girt) Oued SLI '8h1 eooeseeece TIS‘ LST eovccevcecen TIT ‘G01 eooeeesee PLE‘ 9CL Cott, Cet) 80F 66 eeeeceveen Bee ‘ELT eee eee 81h 66 coetoeees CEP Sol eee CeO 0g9 66 eoaetoee PEO‘ LIL eee eee IPP 68 eoecccece GOP ‘EST eee eee CBS t6 evccccecee 609 ‘GET eee eee "suo T, ‘ON "sug T, ‘ON *paira[y *peioyugy “TV. LOW my "aMsNjIUr ‘TGQT 02 QZQT wolf ‘hymnuun ‘parmaja pun pasajyua yoryn ‘uojsog 690°98G | S66'T | LIE'SLE | 6801S 656 ° 186 OF6‘T 60 '8T6 S061 G88°66I | SEO'S | LOT'E0G | ES0'% 6h9 POL ves I | SLE" E91 G68" TOL* LOT PEG'T | FIG‘LOL VIG'T GGL IIL L9g 1 6hr GOL gce'1 160‘ 80 SPo‘T | L6P‘ TOL 696‘T 9TT'68 €10‘T | €8h‘68 S10‘T L6S 0h L8P 169 °&P 887 889 "8h 198 | $88°8L OL8 €€1°89 COL PS °99 ITk 069 °6S 669 18g 6S €h9 Bene 18S Ca a 719 ‘8 86 0g ‘LE 87 L88°SS COL 016 °€S 169 Vere Li Bee ny cee ‘9 6IP SOL‘ OF GPS ‘6G ans PPL ‘86 LOS 18‘ LS cece sonee E10‘ 6S eoeoesccee LOPES a ae ee) CPPS eeceeesee COP‘. ee C19‘6 © 8 0.66 6.6 OLTS caeevecee €£99‘P eoeeesern G&8 ra eoerecee LOB ‘FT eeoeecsroee 618‘ ae ee C6S‘S eveccoee 166°8 CoOn) rite Q6L SP eoeeeoee 6LS‘P eb ates e 0:8 CCL ‘P eoebooes *SuO.L, "ON "sud J, ‘ON *porra[yg *poloyuny “STUSSHTA NOIDAUON 666‘ L0G 8g8 006 ‘9&% 888 108 ‘ST 668 065096 196 SIS ‘FIs 168 690‘ 8hG L88 058 ‘ 66% 900°T | 666°696 860‘T SLL PLI 968 GIG SIG 906 ESP SLT GOS | L8E°606 | 9T8 LOL ‘E91 18h 19¥ 606 106 L¥0 ‘891 108 G0S ‘661 6L8 G91 ‘96 OLD GT8°00T CGP 868 ‘971 SIL ISP * L6T 678 | OLL‘99T 668 696 ‘16 610‘T E16 ‘861 099 GGL T6L 798 POP ‘EST GLL 961 ‘681 G98 OLO‘SEI GH9 G6S ‘9 LPL 98P ‘RI G99 198‘ 881 €68 PIG‘ TST LOL 969 891 6LA 866 ‘PFI 9EL LL 8ST PSL C66 ‘LEI FL9 1P6 ‘FST €9L, GIO‘ OET CC et CSC ORC) OSS‘ 6PI aL eenee: 6 ISL ‘SEI Wise sear ene 098 ‘9ET ee Belge S0L‘ FG CeO eO Ce On COL‘ OLT CM ety On GES ‘BE CUT POR Sn aC G99" S01 eeseceve £65 ‘88 a wae etetisle 16 809 WPA * phere lee TIS‘ L8 ertoecvcce 6&h TIT o: enerefeun OST 8 ee¢ee?e350e?e p09 Sit eoeeeee EOL 68 eeeeeevee PS8 VEL eee40ne “suO T, ‘ON “suo [, “ON *perea[g *poateyUny “STUSSUA NVOTWUINV ar a I ET REE TS ERE BE NT OOOO REIS feet OO EOOnE cich OOO ch mentee eee ere eeeQEoT nny teh Pentre eee ee ee ergnor Pete e eee ee ee epoT ORE oh fo e@ ete eoee Pte ee ee eer aT OO Tol str eee eerpor Pees e QP OT sitee eee gooT Pentre ee HOT Oe ct teens gear Fee ee eeggT Feeee ee ee ep egT Fee ereees GegT Perens ee ngT ORS toe Fire eee gear rene ete ne eepeQT Heres ee rQeor Fetes eee ep nor seer ee eQaar "IO JOLLISYP OY) We apn.s, udiaLof uw pahopdwua ‘asnuUo, Lay? OSpO PUD ‘sjassaa uoLaLof PUD UDILWOUWET JO LaquUnU dy) CUIpLGryxa JuowaInIg) ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 172 G80 O8G'T | S80 | SOL SPV | LYO'E | ESR9EP | ABP'T | 68‘IGr | GLS'T. | 6eG'eGL | SS9'T | GeB'9GG | BIOS [rr ttt TSBT BLb'S86 | GONG | Lee'SPI'T | E91'€ | 999'G8E | OFG‘T | 006‘OTP Ise ts one SoS GLE Ti Ter rea a+] Bee Tyo e Poors cer GOS'TE6 | EL9'G | OOB’LITT | SIGE | B6L'T9E OPT‘T | 080°90% GEG“T | TTL’ 69S eS°T | OGL’ TTL TA er ee 1 GEE'88L | EPETG | EGP'GEG | OLB'G | OIT'LES | GG | B8I'E6o | 9V6 | GIG‘ TGP Tee Ty sce seg =o pee Ly ere ere GpL'ssL | Th0'6 | 899 68 | SEL'S | 9EB'E9S | S66 | EONTOTE | BPO'T | GOS‘ S6r fol (Sly mil 5 i | ll mahal 42) OIL ec¢ | 108 T | LL8'Sc9 | BEL'S | SIG’ LST TEN ESISS 12027 SN ERS TOTES | VRS a, OEY Tal 5 ea ee Me ai ae ea) 1) Goo E8h | 889'T | BIG'6LE | 800° | TEP’ Srl 19¢ | GPS "GET ecG | 60 Ive =| LOL T | 929 687 Ogee ee eye bSo'86h | TIS | O8P'9LG | EIS | 98G'9ZT | GEG |: OBS‘ THT 9G =| 206 THEaTeaIYES6'T | 096 Perm rMrCOg T ace t ts ne “Pp eT Tep'sse | GLO | VIG BIE | IST'T | erL’e9 1L6 | ¥69'V9 OIG aaa eee. J 108 =| 06G ties = | Siem gree eo EFT T6L Tsp | 009 T | STOOLS =| LBG°L | THB IST Cee bee Oli 1-69e | O86 Ghe ~ | Le0 1 | 910, Gly. 4 vor TL. **8e BP eT €0'SOP | SST | P69" LPS 8606 | Ssh GIT b8b GOv VET 866 CLS" G6G T80‘T | 686° €6h OUERIE a eee 198 89180" | OLS T | Té6°SPS | SS6 T | 6I9'SEI EOS apes Bok ci Gri eee) R200. 1. Grr Liv 2 epy I ee OpeT 6E8'9rF | 089 T | LI9’¢9¢ SEL'G | 906 °PSI 11g 066°SET 655 GE9 (GE 691° | L69°LeP CLS eae reer G6r9PE | GET | LEP’ Ger Geg'T | 869°8L GLE L6S"6L GLE | 906496 |: 006 006° GbE CSG Moog ae eo Bees eee LLOOTY «=| PIO T | PEL'GLG | @BG"G | TIL’ 99T VOL L€8 “LSI pie a Gob ene 9 068 "| Dee foe = BOP Toy tt eee eer 980° 10h | GOL T | SES'PES | SOG‘G | B16‘ 9ST P69 GED LET 099 cul mo 4620-1 O06 obe | Gpg Tops sss seer Oey 686'996 | 6S9°T | G99'Sor | 800° | Ter’sL eh | 690° 16 8) | 06 Gee | 906 1 iacip Pe | Sea TL 9) * "ose" ERE G80 6ce =| S8hT | LEO’sPh =| OSG'T | IST’96 vip | SOOO «6= | SBP | eee ees | TOT | Dep ake | SOP T [tore eae eorfeee eee] agefnep ees gootor «hts 't"9] eeo'Gor. eters] ceetces feteteeel GoRSeTe [eee te ccc itre nesses cree es enpegr ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ 068 60 eeoeeeever S87 00 oeese 9 0 @ 006 06 eee eeeeve 896" GOT eeeeeoevee 067 BIG e@eoeeseve ove Lol 866 see eer eee hres cee ig ale mint A SOT | 60P 9LG eeecenve ee BLO S66 eoooe oo @ 889 0S e@eeeeeee LOL SS e@eeeos eee IGL S66 eee eee 0 @ TL Sle SADE CC Resraena eens Sate oo eae, GST €hG eoeoeoeee @ TST SO eeoooeveve 069 GE eoeeeeoeee 16€ 1 eeceveeoe ee GEG OIG eoeoeoe 8 @ OGL ELE CO EO PN NE ae eee |} AON D 989 ESE eoeeee ee LOI OLG eeoevoeeee EVE RG eeeeveev @ 670 9G eoeoeeev ee ErE COG e@eocoause oe RGG TVG eeeeereoe ss pemmcony eee hehe names Sn OT 196 ‘GPG eeeoeeoea2 oe 6L6 ‘P86 eeceooeevee €@1 ‘OF eeoee0eseeee 61S ‘SF oeeeoeveee V¥8 606 eoeeoeev ee @ 099 °GhG PNRM eel oer coer eae ee ee ET RTS 69G e@oeeeenaoees 607 LEG eee ee eee 060 Og eoeeeeeee Lgee‘ce @eoeeoeovee @ RGP G&G eeeesveee 6oG ISG BO AO Te eh AONE Legsyee its estes! Top Ere reseeees| Cog SGT seseeeee! CQelge reeseeeel 2Qe hone lowe OLT ‘RPS ree ateteleeece tee rece ee eegror “suoy, “ON “suo T, ‘ON "suo [, ‘ON "suO J, ‘ON : *SUO J, ‘ON *SUO J, “ON = ~ ; *porva[g "poroqug, Eh "parrayg be *por0j,U See | St "SIRO X “IVLOL "STUSSHA NOITUOR ‘STUSSHA NVOIMANV "IUUSNIIUL ‘TGQT 02 QGZQT worl ‘hponuun ‘pasnaja puv pasaqua yoryn ‘yLoK Mary Jo jnasip ay) uw app.) usraiof we pohordwua ‘acnuuo? 19y) Os90 pun ‘sjassaa UsIaLof pun UDrrL.saUpT fo daquinu ay) Gurpquyxa WUaMajynyg 773 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. ee ee ee ae anaemia a a PLT‘ OFT 08S 9€9 ‘6ST 18g 1S0‘8€ ELT 656‘ : ( ica eter oa Gly Le Gel aes GPE “OE OLT 198 GE cs 912'18. 60e 600 “001 ace beeeeeeeeeweneeeQegt if 90 G00‘ LE 6LT 86L ‘86 CsI GEE‘ EG 096 CBB‘ reece ee eee eee e ans 880 °86 9Lb | LOL’6IET | 6S | 816‘03 a GOT ‘0G PEI ; aL G6 abe a eylevi | €85 | vlleer | 1e9 | ene‘ce | eer’ | Gee“ne MeeoHOL | eee ence: | Goce eoveemera eee 981 0&6 LOT O€P 9L6 ‘TOL (SPs Sapea e RLY 668‘ 48 VGV 8h0‘88 86E LOO‘ LD G06‘6 6S : é 9 alee 866‘9L ror | gre‘te | oom | L96‘Cr €9 ¢90‘bT T8‘E9 ee eee le ergs en LL TLGE9 Ivé PG LL GPG. 9 aes LLG‘ 6L ESP 66S 68 LOY L698 6S SEL ‘CI : Fe Th 0S9 OL V6E I6L‘9L OLE eee ree eee oe eee oe GLY LY GLE PV6 ‘LP GSS 668‘S vE Gog‘ VE . evel ELS’ LP ve ¢ ob0 0000 CO.CC ODO AbUC : OG a apy aaa sey GILL 86 LeG‘Pl GOL 806'¢9 set 16308 e9e fetteeeene tees oepBT GEE ‘6 G9 860° OT OL 106‘PL 068 GL6 Do Go OOOO rnop noc 869 ‘€8 67 GOL‘ LE rT OrE ‘TT 68 E66 ‘GI 16 ( 6 88 BGP age! Go eer ccc nip ines | wee‘er |e, | ane |e piesa ieee | Shee gree ee esen scare pee Jf, SLE 19 eee L88‘96 €CP cer ee esr cere cece: 8h 'S9 LEe E61" €8 86h 869'8 eG I€L'8 1 beer VS G06 &S V86 C66 ‘FL PLE O90 0O.0 0010 0b OOO OOK 690 ‘€9 GEE GIL‘ 16 SEP 186 ‘81 88 TE0‘61 : ie 66 C8 SY TVG 789 ‘SL. OPE [ree ceccceeeceeeens 610‘°F9 OSE P8r ‘78 LOV 6PE ‘FI SL €86 ‘ST ; .F BL OLS 6T GLG LOL ‘69 66E eee ce ee er ecco neers 60°89 686 €66 ‘81 9TV GE6 ‘OI Th 9180 ; ape ( I 89 880° LS SIE LLL‘ 89 Sind: oluwan dacicrn soc woceo | 686) Fowles | tbr) gestor | as | nerser | oon] ury‘or | ese) aretng | gee etic RE ee eee ee a ee ay as descmee ay 668° L9 ceeceeeee O10‘ LL eoeveeves OL8‘P eeetoaese 100°C OO DODO ¢ 6&6 IL nape a ane ga nS TO TEA ROL cH 997° LS ae poh &L wens) eee 6 C69‘ eececetccee GES‘D epeeccece bpeiee An-O00f U0 Pypeek es. ce ee ee oll 669 (19 Dees = pee | tees’ ewe ss Sheer cigees a Saiiesng Ss eee. « ( , SOR: dies eect eet oer pene 098 GL eevee ees GIL ‘SL ececeoe L60‘°P coe cece LOO‘P eeceeces ec),°89 eeervccee Ase Soe eW ala ce 8681 e ee L8 cry’? 967°S pyr’ 69 Spots gape re ce aa *Suo J, “ON “suo T, "ON “suo T, "ON "suo, ‘ON “suo T, ‘ON "suo T, ‘ON “peles[g *polequyy “porra[o ‘poroqug “porvo[g ‘porayury eae “IV LOL ; “STUSSHA NDIDUON “STHSSHA NVOIBMUNV ° ¢ ae aasnjour LGST 2 9@8T TO ‘Apyjonuun ‘PILDIJP PUY pasajua Yorn ‘mrydjapypry fy 1 i A)SUp IY} we IPDA) UdriaLof ur pahopdiua 90DUUD) 4104) 0s]D pup *sJ9S890 uUsra1of pun UDIVLIW GY fo AIQUNU ay) BuUrjugryxa 2U2UW 1010) ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 774 i 68L°S0T | LS | LOO'SIT | LOW | EeBEioe SPI | ES6'9% Sel | 90¥ ‘SL 606 | PLL‘98 BEB ojo Pees See 618 ‘961 16S | 889°66 Beh | «(EGG LE GOL | I9T'66 €hI | 966'68 696 | LBP’ OL 1 ES ea tl 1) OIg;6hI | €€9 | 890°0IL | ¥8h | sS9'TE EVI | EBs" ee SIT | 8ST SIT | 06h | S8P'98 Bp on et es ara 0€6 061 | SPS | O&S'SOL | GLP | TGG'9E LET | BPE'SG SIT | 60L°F8 907 | SsI'rL TOE gre esareD 066 69 | 899 | S90'SBI | IIS | 8@e'sc 906 | 996'0b PST | GOL PIT | 89h | 660°%8 EL A aes ee Seay emvies, | ogy | oao‘os | vee | cre‘ee | oor | gun‘ee | 86 | gusto | dre | Ppotee | gue freeceseseess Shah 6E0‘ 16 Lsp | €18'68 60F | S06'Te TIL | pPe'T@ TIT | bé8°69 OVE | 69F'T9 BES aes steers ts ROT iiies | vor | voce | sor | ovetin | 9 | serre | 46 | brig | Gos | Gursey | fie peeesnseseees--enaE 981 18 Svh | 8YL'68 rrr | 869'e% 86 GLY 0G 16 889" £9 Lie | sta‘eg Go¢ fertecereeeeee es etpay 196 °66 19y | OFT 68 Oly | 9FS'G% Gor | €06‘€s TOL | 80L' 29 GSE £6‘ 8S GUE fereeeeeeeteees sober 2 ; ‘61 68 108 GT 06 866° 6P IT€ 166 g 8&é Lteeesteees eens oo GORT TOL‘99 6k 901 Lh Bb £91 ‘ee £6. | §89'Ss 06 BES "Eh oe | Teb‘re 806 teteeeet tees gggy £66 PL ILE | 68°96 Ith | 80L°S€ Tl | S8LL'6E 8ST | S6L'6E 0€& | PIT LS ieee ee 1 ia G66 | 9LT OL 6S€ | LOS’ST 68 PGE 'ST Lh OTF 66 WS | GBL'TS GS ‘NT! cccse aos eee ; chs | seb'e9 986 | 96S'8T LL GES GT 19 GhG Sh 896 | T06'LP 696 CEST 916 (8S ITE | 830'S9 G06 =| OSE’ LT GL G0 ‘SI GL G6¢ TP 986 | €86'9F 86 "PEST ee Vocnuerl pect everom Geee. eonvewedl Meee lisineee) Gabe laws steel Pe eed ee \orcccel ete chlo SOE (LIN) Bese "36st CGB‘58S ee¢eeeoene IGT‘ 19 eoooeeeee 969° eeeeeeaee ere ’9 eeeeeee8 9LP ‘FS eeeeeees 908 ‘PS eevee cana 8&1 'T9 eereeee 6S0‘RS eoeeoeeeos 068°9 eepeeeene OFF 9 e@eeaeeeece BFG "PS @oee eevee €19‘TS eee eee ere nal 196 79 eeeeeee 166° 09 ooo eeeve T€9 °9 eeeoeveceos 619 'S ecoeoee ee EGE 8S eeceecceas GBE "SS eeceee * 9 O8OT 89h OL eoeoveeoee L69 6S eeeeee ee I6l e©eeeeeee SIS e@oeore ee 6 LLG 99 eeeeos eso e 660 SS eeeeeoe = AGRE 960° 19 eeceeveoe 066‘SL e@eeveenes [£66 e@oeereeee O€L P eoeeonacve C60 19 erenvneeesn 098 °89 eee eee **"O6QT “BUO T, ‘ON “suo [, “ON “suo [, ‘ON “su0 T, “ON “suo. T, “ON “su Ty, “ON *porre[y *pe1eqyun *pore9[D *po10ojUy *poirs[g *po.1eyUuyy “IV.LOL “STHSSHA NOIGUON “STUSSHA NVOIMGNV "aQrsnjour ‘TGQT 02 O%QT woLf hyyonuun pa.vaja pun pasaqua yoryn ‘aLowejog Jo 1OUUSYp ay? wi opps Usiosof ur pahojdma ‘adnuuoj 4.242 OS) pun ‘sjassaa usaL0f pun UWNUOUp Jo LaQuNU ay? Buanguyxa JuaUaIDIG 775 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. SR Sr GOL“ LL IIS 919‘ L9 6Sh CSL ‘8S 96% 099 ‘8% GGG £16 ‘8P GS 966‘8 Ee See ianis ees GP9 LL 6S S649 LOY 851 G8 IGE TLG ‘GE 9T€ L88 ‘TP GOS 29 82 Tet St P6L°09 ChT GGG IP BEE 996 16 BSG EL0°8S 1S 868 °8E LET G16‘ 61 18 pee see eaten LG9'LY C66 €IT SE 0&% GLb'9 6 6919 v6 COL‘ Ih BOG PPE ‘8G Os Meee | Se 0) 196 ‘bP 666 69GB "86 00 OST ‘6 801 G0S‘8 10L P18 ‘GE 161 092 ‘6I 66 pis sipiies Snes ieiyarare ere ray TIE ‘0S PIE 967 ‘LE OF 66L ‘OT SII 8Ié ‘OT CII | ers ‘6g 961 SIT‘ Le Hd Geel BESS OOS RS Oe vr OF 1S LGB ‘VE 1G LT6'L 16 €96‘8 96 LGB ‘GE O09T P9P ‘9G LIT Ls nieeaabrentei nal iconay LLB BLT ‘66 L6T 80L'6 601 LSS ‘6 LOT 919 ‘GE COT 169 ‘61 06 pisiole/ats = Aeyarenimiois ear LIS’ 8G SLT ILL vl POL 8LG°S 09 066‘¢ 69 6E6 ‘GG IT 169‘8 GP eB eC 055121) GLE ‘TP LYS IL8 ‘96 99T G9E'6 €8 966 ‘6 c8 OTS ‘BE 79 Gee‘ LT 18 Pee Oe iT EST Oh 69 TOS ‘LG PLI 896 °S tL PEO'S OL 768 ‘9 c6I LLU‘GG CAD fF aoa ound 0H) G19 86 GGG PSH VG SLT 6EL'S 78 0gs*¢ GB PLL‘OE DAE 766 ‘ST 96 NOG CODEO IOC Ay ah | 949 SF E86 G6L 08 0G 106‘? &L BIG‘ 8h CPL‘ OF 01d GES ‘GG Ofte [Pe SO SB GGR SOD IG e155 T9L‘9F 986 867 EE 0G 198°¢ L9 BIL‘S GL 007 ‘TP 616 O8L‘ LB (CS | C2 Oa er Oa BLE“ 0S 666 OSL ‘SG 891 99¢°9 89 GPL '9 Gh QPL‘ SP 1&3 G00‘ 6T 96 cteteeeeeweeeee ene) BT TTS 8¢ G6 O9T ‘08 GLI vrT 8 8g 089'8 6S 190 ‘SP LEG 086 ‘1% GIL freceeesececctees sgeay POLY CVG 616 (06 GOT 560° €@ [60.6 &@ 699 ‘GP GEG BL8°8G GET rec te eee tte eee e eeepT G88 Th | 66 reese LST OLG‘T ral 996 ‘T II S16 ‘OP LIG 896 ‘TE QGT — rvececeeeeeceeesnpogy 090 &F bees 916 LE See Is Fe Pee CCT ertceovaece £68 ‘GP eeeesces TOLSLE ORS See lee sce es cae cries mano 189 09 REG OF 668 ecevceve €9¢ ececeneace Qcg eT eoceseee C)16‘6& DiGe @ 61W50 10.5 a ejopenenciohebetatebueneuecs I OPE Gr eseeeeee G16 '&& creoneeece Ors eoceeeeees PEE ersenoovece 0&8‘ TF ane 1Z9‘€& ta oats lies sa os ARB sorte LLG 8€ Sa GIR 96 eroaeece LI eeeoaceoee OLT eeeseeece 09g ‘Re jee eeccee CF9‘9G (S253 U5ls pens Geese maa goT 900 LE Be eee 9S 08 ; ereceneecsileceeeerenecees|* ese eee elseceeets ecco sis cae cece 900‘ LE eecccecee 9cr‘0E didi Oy 20) | 06h LY ia ery LOE PE ee ca Cee wm cee sicec neers ecccsiccencece £96 OF ecececes LPe ‘PE ee OUT er 5 OVE GP neaeunhs G60 OF af ae eoenvervicvoesecee LI€ eeeceecee OPE Gr eee reece OIL‘ 6E I OD OO 4h | 90I TV 966 €& eeoes 06% eeesceece 686 eee cence 918 eT eececeves Le9 ‘ee eed Oe ie “suo T, ‘ON “suo T, ‘ON “suo y, ‘ON “suo J, "ON "suo Ty, “ON "suo Ty, ‘ON “peiea[y) “peieyUy *peree[D *poerteyugy *poiea[ph *pereyuny “SIRO X “IVLOL “STASSHA NOIGNON “STUSSHA NVOIMANY : "aMisnjour ‘TGQT 02 QZQT woLf ‘hyonuun “pa1naja pup pasaqua yorym ‘PUDIILOT f0 JL4IS~p ay) mi apn.sy UsIdLoL UA pahojdma ‘adnuuo7 ay) osyp pun ‘syassaa usralof pun unnrsuUpy fo Laqunu ay) sumgqryxa quawajnr 776 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON G6r‘Ese's | 99L‘SI G0E ' 686% G8L II 98h ‘901 €89'7 696 ‘CLL ILS’? 191 ‘68056 | 8h ‘SI £60 9IT'% Thh Gl | 668° 119 960‘F | PI8‘rs9 COL ‘Y L&6‘GI0‘S | PHL‘OL | ¥80‘S68‘T GLL‘6 991 ‘709 E0L'E OLL ‘6S 969°E P16 ‘2603 | S6r‘OT EGP S90'6 969‘OL | 666‘9SL 1S G0L'S9L GED PF3‘066‘T | 968‘OI L6G 'SE6'T P66‘ OL T6L' PLO €S0°7 £06" 089 I@L'h Trg‘ 10‘ Sig I £96 £66 L | G6B'TT | Pe8‘ OED 0€G'r | OTE TPO 696 °F OGL‘TIL‘T | 688‘6 GGL HIT | 189°6 | OOL'LLS £00" | ss0'89¢ £66‘E 661 ‘GE9‘T eeeoecve 9FT' 809 I eevee eree 60‘ L6P eeeeeoce GOL’ 969 eeoececee oLe ‘Zoe ‘T eeeenee 099 ere eevV0eeecn GOS” L8€ ereaeeos 860 €68 e@oce cece Q67 PPE‘ T ereeenee 006 POG'T eceeecee 66 LLZ eeovecveoe 8h6 186 coeeove 96L‘SOL‘T eecaeose LGU‘ 660‘T eeeoevece 9eP ‘EET eeeoveeve 006 T&T eoeceeen GO8‘LLO‘I eevee oe G69 °G00°T cece cees 900° E81 ecvneeose EPL OST eoevevece PEP ‘SPOT eeseces b09"8T0 T CECI CECWOEOHO 0€0 Isl eecoevcece EGG OST @aeveccece AGE ELL ‘TI eeeseve 096/990 'T eeeeeece 096° TEI eeeoevcce 689" LET eeecece 96 ‘SSO‘T eovneccece 098° L70 L eeoeeeence DIP 66 ceoeeesee p99 SOT eee evcen 9FP‘SGO‘T sta eee © T8916 ae 6).ele) (eee 080° S6 coupe aeee LE6 G6 coeeeee 0&8 °160‘T eeecosen 00h G56 cos eeeee GSS" GOL eeeeeeee LOE GOL evcoeeeve 10S 0&6 eeevcee 6EL 768 eeheeovee OPL Olt ecevcovue 89h GIT eeoececece 886‘T16 GOS ‘688 067 ‘LG IPS ‘O0T 060 ‘888 eceecse 7E9 ‘98 ellele.si6.(6-6).¢: £10‘ 8 eeeesece 966 ‘18 eevee e ‘suo, “ON "suo y, “ON "suo T, ‘ON *SsuO7T, “ON *perva[g *poaroyuny *porles[9 *peroyuy ON F “S[OSSOA UGIO10 jy “aansmprun “TGRT OF Te “SHLVLS GALINA WHL JO AdVUL NOIZUOT AHL NI GHAO TANT ADVNNOL 600‘ L9‘T 866° LLY‘ 19L‘80¥‘T 669 ‘996 ‘T €eE°STe ‘TI LIS ‘OOP ‘T 060 ‘FEL ‘T O9T' SPL 'T G98 'VL6 ae 661 ‘FF6 POP‘ L68 GS ‘O86 610‘ SS6 996 ‘096 816616 I9L ‘018 SPL‘SI8 L6r ‘POS "SUO J, ‘ON *poarrag 966 ‘9LS‘T 616‘ 16P‘T PL6‘GOE‘T OGL * 666° T PE "SSB "1 69 ese ‘T OL9‘FLOST Ip TIT ee 'Cee LGB‘ L96 676 S18 186 ‘898 198 ‘816 906 ‘Gh6 7SL‘088 €£0‘0S8 LLG‘GLL 196‘88! 881, 860‘S9L “suo y, “ON “poiayUny “S[TOSSOA UvOLISULYy e*seeee "ISST ‘og ‘ydag *“OF8I * “6681 *“8E8T ** LE8T * “9E8T : “SE81 ** VEST *“SE8T *"GE8T LESL “081 *“668T "8681 ** LOST **968I **G68I **PG8T *€68T * “GG8I —OUIpUd sive X QT worl ‘sasohoa pagnadas way) curpnjour ‘sor.uqunos usra1of 4of paavaja pup woif pasaqua youn ‘ocnuuor ay) osjo pun ‘sjassaa usraLof pun wnniaupy fo saqunu ay) dupgryxa quaumajnig 7717 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. chit GES "666 'T 16°6 160° 686° 1 EIS VIG‘SEL‘T 08°s G69 ‘SLL‘T €6°6I 60L‘SL9‘T ELT GIS‘ OLL‘T rs’ 61 6ST ‘FOP ‘T PI'ST 161 ‘SOP‘T €o° 1G C09 ‘9LT‘T GILG OPE ‘06 ‘T LO'F SLT ‘896 0n's 661 ‘656 QG°S GL‘ 0&6 "osvoio0q | §9¢‘0I6 IL’ ih P18‘ 906 Qh Th 666 ‘916 "esta1D0q] 676 ‘66S * asvo100(] OSL PES weeoeee roo eee e LOV‘OPL ecoeovoeeseeeee CLL‘ CEL ‘OSVIIOUL “OSROIOUL yuso 10d ‘suo [, JUBO 10d ‘suo [, *porra[g *po.leyuny PSO‘OET'S | 986°6I G00'L9E SY | S6L'ST EP 66h | E1E'0G 6EP'S98°6 | 66E"LT 866 8LE°E | OLE‘ FT 906°681' | [66° PT GGG ‘86'S | OBL ET SEL'L16'% | €h8 ‘EI G60 G6L'T | 8E1°8 8h6 916 °6 | ESS'IT GOO°TLE'G | PE ‘SI “HOVNNOL NOIGUON 99° G6 GIS “006°E OL°SI GFE P50 °€ “esperoe(y | 88L-GE9 6 "eswosooq] | 910'6L9'S 88°IT VOL ESL 'S 90°T1 TE ‘869° SLIT 086‘ 19P'S 06°81 GBP E6E'S "estore, | €6€°G0G'G ‘estore | 696 LOLS €I'8 860/166 'G 89°S VIL IST'S @ LL6'ES0°6 66° 98 SE0°S 85° 8S F66 010° 66° GL Sehr LL6'T "OSHOIPERLeR S80 S9G: I /esepmaedl” |) Seu, Sv T eeeeerseceve ISP 9gc‘T eeeceesceecors ILL‘ OTS ‘T “OSBOIOUL ‘OSBOIOUL JU98O 10] “suo ys, yuso 10g “suo L *poiva[D *peleqyUy “HOVNNOL NVOIMANV ‘aspawour “quan wad yp ‘aarsnjaur “TGQT of CHT wolf ‘oe aunr Suipua sivah ay) susp saynjg papugy ey2 fo sjsod yw PILVIII PUD PI4I}Ud IGDUUO) UKID.LOf PUK UDILLIUWP, AY) GuULpgryxa PWIULAIDIC "s10jo9][00 oy} Aq pournyor you svM Suyivdop puv Surat sjassaa fo waqunw oy} PERT OF snolAetg—"aALO Ny OVP 866° GE9 (BPE “F 968 ‘898 ‘P 619 ‘861° GOL‘ T6E‘E &S8‘OIT‘E 640 ‘96'S 08h ‘P68 ‘6 GLE‘8L9‘T 988 °GVG'G E58 ‘898 ‘S OTL 61 GIS'SI 008 ‘06 PLO‘ LT 66‘ FT 818 ‘ST E6L ‘EL GOL ‘EL T9L‘L PLY‘ IT E16 ‘SI GES "666 'T PIG ‘86L‘T 60L‘SL9‘T 6ST ‘POF ‘'T G09‘OLT‘T SLI ‘896 CLS‘ 086 bI8°906 666 ‘EES L6v OL 6h8‘9EL GIL OL 918‘6 L¥8°8 vE9L 896°9 OLL’S E89 °¢ a 666 ‘P pSS‘P 160 °686'T G69 (GLL'T CIS: OTL 1 161 SOP 'T OPE ‘06‘T 661.‘ 656 £95 ‘016 666916 CSL‘ PES GLL ‘GEL Pry ‘9EL GIS “006'E 881 'BE9'S VOL ESL 'S 086° 190% EGE ‘GGG 860° 166° LLG“ES0°G 166 010° €80°896 "I [SF ‘9ES‘T 9ST ‘P69 ‘T bLB 6 6LE‘R 99P ‘IT 669 ‘6 GOL'S ISr‘s L6L 8 Eve's 068° PEO‘ L 061° L GPE PS0'E 910 E19 °G IGE (899° GBP EGE 'G 656 “LOLS VIL TST '@ 98h SE0'S Eh LLG 'T E69 EbL'T Per one 1 606‘T89‘T "s 1ROX ae bie} | ““OS8T *“6P8I *8rst ““ LV8T “Orel “GPsl “Prsl ** €P8I **Crst ***TS8T **0S81 *** 6P8T ** *8P81 LPSt ** “9r81 * *GP8I * “Phsl Semis! “*"GPSl *TP8l ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 778 £60 ‘086 ‘% w09sst‘s | s6e‘sco's | sPpz‘ost‘s | T9L‘osT‘s | 6ze‘r60‘s | geo‘cee’l | 989‘96R‘T | SOTS@RB‘T [ott eIOL ee | a ee e@eeeve ree eee tis eeeee0820 66 @ eee Ate ce cei ke eee ce | knee ee eee pee ance" 4. yl caiune sane 1a ehemegs (Si /ee/ Se®' Smee) O68). ae ease Seen’ Sle Sse ees pose eee ee ee ee eit t RIVAO}TT Bl) Perec ence eeleseceesceeerleeeecieecerclaasactsocerelevesaccsescalerssvseveessleccsrscusacslacserssesensleseenssseassisesceescsssssesssssseeess TOGII() eereeetseoe ee tisceoeveeeseoe rise ee ects ev eeevticeoeceotv te ee eoe rion eeevueszre ee eles eeeeneveeeesd Sco sae (9 seaM aaa soar She sese SKS FeNO Ne * ne Speen sakes wip cp egee ee ogee sO 8 © SOOKE AUISUOOST AA OOP ‘ST 069°@I | €G8°ST 069° TT 606° IT 000°TT 8786 968" L 7989 Sk a go GIL'@E =| 8GP6S | (OSB FG IIL'S@ GPP “9G 966° €% 9PL FS ELE ° 61 CS SILA Sale es ae aR ae G99 ‘91 685 °6T LGL PL OLE ‘TT 696 ‘TI CEL‘G ELE ‘6 699‘€ 699°€ Pose cpt ye ene 2 Seay “ TALORRLIAT PILL €60°S 619 °F 09€°8 66S" T 961'8 VELL VIL T PIL'T eps eee oo eae AOR Ha9-¢ = | 818%. _| 1188 GOS"E gEL'h Tver 18v°S v6L'S LUGE SRE ceo ee 691191 190‘0S1 GOI ‘PPT 66L°SPT E19“9GT_ | 9LO'GOT | 9Gr‘POT | 9LE‘SE et@ee | oe a eee IL 1pe‘T Ss ee ae 106 beer eee eretlec rere see cccleccessenssvslescccseersesineecraseceacisvcrcssesecssovcceses s 1 (ISSISSI[A PIG ST G60 9T GLY ST SIL ’ST PPG LT GPL'IS LOL’ 9T 0ce’ OT 699'9 gee Cee nde pes gs ins Se ICT LLG '6 940. OL 886'8 P66 'S Ish 01 £196 PLG'S GTe'L ETS Depa Slt: does EEA ee el GOL LT 00b LT 9€¢ 91 LYL‘9T O8T ‘Ge €66°06 6SG ‘61 961 ‘ST SK kee ie ee am ania ea 1c I) 9) SPI IG LLG 1G 69F &6 V6E VG 999 "8 PIP Te 789° 66 LEQ’ EG eT NG a en a iforg) ul 680 LE 681 “LE 689° Te LVS '8G PS OP 106 ‘OF 606 ‘9E 196 ‘TE CYL Gh 9 [ccc ps cree ree eurore qytoNy SSG" LP £06 (LP Leo LP 6SE GP 196 ‘FS L86‘TS €S0 ‘9F PPP EP TRG ei rer ee eee ss ere Sere BLUR, 86s "61 Les "61 TTL LI 6PE‘9T CEP ‘TS GPL ‘ES 008 ‘6T TL6‘9T ISPSLT [tees ce BiquinjoD Jo 7o14sIq 666 ‘TIT 610° 601 968° 901 LOL ‘STL PEE‘ OST G06 ‘9TT 61S‘ POL PP ‘GOL SEG Eonar este one pe G16 Ol 16E ‘OT 968° OL 950° 01 GLL GL €0E ‘61 OLL‘OT 610 ‘81 GY yes ema Ie © Zane COs RRO OEY CA THE ‘Sol 090 ‘611 6LY ‘EIT 896 ‘SIT E16 ‘GIT 66 ‘ZIT L6p ‘GOT 76616 BPS'POL [rec tttt este sees es erueapdsuuedg 789 °89 GLE “£9 GPL’ U9 709 ‘ES 916°Th LhS‘%9 T@T ‘99 Tg‘ LS GIGS G == ese rere tse eve Kasra ty aN L6G ‘16S 960 LGg 966° 9TS G9 ‘98h GIP SSP ITh ‘997 L00 ‘FFP 6PI SPP Cobeieie ce eee cores er Seen, PLT G8 816° OL GPL L9 6LG‘S9 8P6 ‘98 716‘%8 €18°08 LOG ‘OL BGG passe Ves see sree oT eo GLI’ 8h 969° SP EbG LE 780‘r GBP" EY ELS‘ PP LLY OP 169 ‘GP GPESOh a ee ee eon euay 806° T0S £08 S6h G68. 16h 106 ‘SPS BES‘ 9ES GLE‘90S 666 ‘667 OS ‘067 68E‘O6F [hoes ct tees sesnyoesseyy] E91 E91 Ere P SPs ‘7 BPE ‘F GEGP 0S6 ‘Fr OST ‘T CST ‘T 79 Sopa tas yes ees gece gies ATA G66 ‘GG 60L'GS BEB" EG SOL ‘SS OLE‘ LE PCG‘ 66 BPI ‘9 PIL‘ SG T6L‘0G svt tee srt tre sss ssomysdurepy MON ee 186 eBe 066 [8% 166‘S0E 690 ‘808 98 ‘8G GEG OLS 69S ‘TSG GESCOUCE— sete ec ee sees Ome “SU : “SUOT, "SUOT, "SUOT, "SUT, “SUOT, "SUOTL, "SUOT, "PPST ‘E7ST “GPST "IP8T ‘OVST. “6E8T "SES “LEST “9E8T "SO}21G “aMasnjour ‘ZGQT OL OERT wmodf ‘hyyonuun ‘sanIgr pajuyy aY2 07 Furduojsg asnuuoz fo qunowy ayn Sumqryxa quamaInjg ~ ~ COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. “BIGUINTOD JO JOIIISIC] OY} WOT poyonpop pure ‘081g yey} 0} poypoto ‘osinoo Jo ‘eseUUO} JOY pUL ‘LIMITITA 0} popodorjoI SVM VIIPULKSTY ‘ERT pue gEgT UoeMjog,. 88° 6IT 6EP ‘SELF Ley enn e | vsysec € | sro-ree é |) Seo rsi‘e | Sro‘Gee’s | Te0°c9e°S |) Too'nTy ‘Ss |e peo, “og ued OfP 8S E68, a CEL PARR OEE RES a en fale aie 217 OER ea games Slory) "0g 0 €90'1 OB 9050 DEO" 008902010 OFO5Ce 0500. C80 O-C° OK 3CO- OOO COBO SCE O sO TO= Ose EOP O O17 0591100) 0.002050. OFOHO OH OE IO.O OSC O Os GOsO OCD ROCCO OT OOS Ka ats yit *98,U0} el1jU 1€6 ‘9 9946'S CUS a ee Re ee ee eee QL PLS SI€ ‘9F GLL TP GP (8E 859 Fe 086 LG VSP (8G £56 G6 2 ea Seabee ican eis 1) GL £96 BEE 09 GSE "8S GOP’ GO IP6 LG 6109 18" 0¢ LI6 66 MOGOSERL. «ace ccnts leat tn ee cece ene 95,00} O1T}U 606, CZ EOL '€@ GPG IG GEE LT 68h OL OBE eoe ere c ees ee elise eee ee csees aby Ssigiave age sree 95s) 6s ei sessee IOUT P6186 G98 °LE G90 (76 806/86 GSE "GE ETE 96 969 16 IGF BG O0G Ss Seas ogee scenes nso se Se ¥S° 789 618 IT 866 61 068 “FI GG6 EL 6688 88e "OL GLI‘8 1G) Orgs - sc Svs ii aeoniaaay Ge LE | eo 889 °§ OLL'S 116 °G Aas LOL'G 608 °6 GUS2Oe. ete seecss genes <<. ees OU ie OG L e167 GLa 686 GSE I 887 6 ¢ Sete See nee as mae 8&6 TILT 896 | S8G'ESG | 060 096 | LPG TPG | OTO°LEG | GES*EIG | BSG IST | S@S'OLT Buvisinoy ‘es, UOJSINUA) SSP'T GOVT 868 ‘I oe 19S G6E Ssovl G¢o'l Tey oe eee po ec eo I TD 18° LEE GES "8G LEE LG SSI FG 890°S6 OTT ‘Gs Ter sl LEGGE O16 tly 2 |e 522522 Set es erate 96° 691 699°6 G98 °6 GL6' 11 0r9 FI GOT ST €99°S1 998° IT GGG Maly. SoS S eos eee €8" 861 G8L°S6 G8I ‘PG 069 ‘16 998° 61 06°06 PGO'TS IIL 81 OWE Ole 12) 55 ise Los ee pee €€° LOT GEL’ 9V LET (SE GLO 9€ 98h GE 659 86 610 Le 966° 61 GIOGE = [Leet ccr et ooo. SeeeRUTONes anos TL°SI 19'S ESL &F 616‘ SP LES 'b¥ GOP TP GEG LE S66 "TP GORGE «frist rtttt stress vuroreD YON OL LP BES "GL 66L 89 TLO ‘PL €86 EL PST '89 186 °6S 1p 6S GOMOG: [UES ITT 61° 0S LEI ‘9G £06 G6 ITO’ L1 OLL SL €68'IT | | 8cr'€s GSE LIQ"OG pvt ett ty BIqUINTOD Jo JoLNySIq GS" 66 L¥G 906 | SPS POG | L80°E6T 160 ELT G6 8ST" | er ‘68l ESP “861 POL BEL» (2. a esses eae ag “esve100(] 865°6 088 TL OGL 9T 68g 91 Gh LT G99 ‘FI Leg "TT GEG TL «(i oe coe ee eae 69° 881 GGL TOE | PLE PES | 6€6 89 | ES9 TES | GSGTITS | LEGIGSE | SCO'SPL | GIGILPT frrcrtcest ttt cts erueaydsuueg TE" 06 vel 96 | 968°88 , | 00&%08 06668 GSP 8h 8G "68 910'9L 016/69... \srri2yitetrs iyirs 2? Aameemon 86° 19T Tee vel 1 | S10 TPO 1 | Gre vre | I8c 116 | 88h ce | Geo LeL | g69°999 | GIB GER. fre cer sr tcc oc tte aOR MeN v0" 8L 880. Sér OST '9TI L80‘€I1 0S8°€IT 696°T1T 068 °G0I £60" 66 Le (ene ae eemre eNO CNIS, ‘asvoI00(] 670 (TP 090 ‘86 687 OF GBP EP E18 6h O10 ‘SP Beh GF 606 Mrs fc i itis etl Spee epONAT 9¢°9¢ 991 L9L | €On/P69 | GhH'SSD | 669969 | SB0'G9 | OGG'89G | OBS‘THS | GEBIPGG freeeceree rcs + + sposnyoRssepy 00° 16€ Lo9°S GE6'E 0gs'h 0€9'¢ 0g9'¢ 099° 8h0'% GIES OLED SSRs cee GL" 61 168 'F6 86h ‘GG 960 '£% 69E 'GG 966 °€6 IGP 06 804° 06 TLL'6G frit cttt tresses ssorasdurepy MeN GI‘ FIT 908 66a) | STE Sec | cor 10S |) Geb oor” | Gee GSY | EGS Pee | eclece |) O90'0GE forsee resets stesso estes aurEpD “SUOT “SU0T, *SUuo TL “SUo 7, *SUo 7, “SUOT, *SUO T “Sud T “dATSNOUL gy om fo inesnadipe 2 Oaek-** |" est “OS8T “6P8T ‘SPST “LISI ‘9F8I "SP8I "899049 “penunveO—TLNYANALVLS ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 780 £68 ‘SIT T9L A @eererepaeoa ane 6LI‘L i eees 6 8I ¢ 9G 61 € 601 9 VV €9 86 8 oll LOT I1g‘SIl SBE: ‘|, 860°F ‘ O1G'T 160‘T BBE 961 ‘T SPL 99 "| GS 90€ 960°T SG6 1&P WSPE TAI BSL 91 ‘8 66L 9 981 ‘SI Ogl ‘FP 6891 S18 ° LI TL8 €& VG Gl G Til 6 601 60T oh 67 9 re 886 ‘061 —_——_ eee e609 ¢ © e]e €8S £659 6E6 GOL‘ LOY 698 I8I E18 ShV 678 ‘T 968 GI6‘T £60‘E§1 166‘T 186°9 OLL*9 196‘ LT te 967 ‘T OFT ‘PG 88 oo ee L vV a II II @eoee E L Vv GG OL v1 661 91 6P GL 901 GE 6 971 e GEL ‘SIT eljewoueaveoee @leeoeesveoanesveo 656 eleeeeevee eee 106‘P LLE'T 996° aaa ejeeceeeea ee een "| LS aly Get €60‘T C88 00 POP ‘ST 966 T 907 ‘8 LGO‘L €89 ‘FI O8L‘E SOLS QPS ‘61 @eeeoaev eed 868 886 ‘GEL Gl 0G & Gi LOT weeeeveeeeceriseeseee eis eeeen SO ee riaeeereeeeloece sxe Ge Mone sees olevvessxenvsiceoe cevece LI9‘€ £18‘96 "suo J, “Th8I "IUSNIIUL *ZG2T 07 GER] wos ‘hyjonuun SIIDIGY pany ay? ur Ning sjassaa fo asnuuo) PUD LaQuiny ay? Gurprquyxa yuawayy) 8 TET BLS LE6‘8E 9 I81 LEL'G 90L° LE L crT —————_—<—| | ——— | fe 986 °€ GEE TG 6 imal 966 cg ‘OL GL6 GPL‘ Th GES 6&6 G98 819 ‘T LV6 666 OL CHE PE0 G1 LOLS9 e@eoeee eee Stine eteoeeer}/seeevoe2 e228 8G eie2 2 eo ee oe & 998° 1 GLY‘ &6 "suo J, él 6S 91 eoeeen eee ee IT 6 L vT 66 9 o&1 g g9 [8 9&1 6S Gl G9T V 6vI ‘ON “LE8T 676 — ejaeeeeseees 869 ‘SIT 666 Icy : vIL'T LOL‘S 6h9 ejeeeeee0 eoovree0 6LE O8P 7S¢ 18h‘ rag 169 ‘6 CE6 GIS‘ OL 669 ‘PF PE6 61 GOST 708‘T SG ae TEL" GEO LG ° "SuO J, 068 6G I IIl él vL of) CET 6S 8 VOL L col ‘ON “9E8I Fee arses ee, ee to eee eee eoeoe ee eo ee ee eo ag ecos ee ee @¢ Ge © © ee @e ce eooee eeeno eote @eece eece eo 6e eoeoe eoeete e@ese @ © ¢e eooe e@o ee eoece eoes © @ oo @e ee e@cee pe ee BE on nee BE LOL UTD Gy eseeveenesseeeseeees u0G9IQ PG ,088.0 0.80 22.0.0:8 SEBO TENT Cae rere Scene 2 INT OR A SD ALS MON Ag Yor 4 ooo ce Se gen hits 2°) SIOMITTT eee eseeeneoee ee eee LITLOSSTJAT srs se¢ esse oan KH OnauCeT ase S¥inin > «20 oo Soma, Sy ok ek 4 Fak DEO, eeoeeceeen ee es ees eCUPRISINO'T ero ceesese eee LddIssisslfAT oO oe 8 ee cogs ET ay See ee ge Lt eer cc Satie 0's sis 3's-6 sie aay eeocevcese *euljoleg yynog eceeorere *eUI[OIeD Y410 AT Pee deca OLE ra noir he, **** BIqUIN[OD JO JOLI4SIG eecececerer ess oee purl sieyy eee eee coe e 5° =O] BAETOM. seecsoooces orvAlAsuUag seen ee cesses Kanara 5:0) 9) 8 6-6 6:0 66s Sata AAO hI eevee eereeee yNolpoeuuoy eicslelaleleietvieln purys] spoury eeeecevecece SJJOSNYOLSSPIAT papa te EIS ODEN IRITLOG IS) AN seeeeees oTuSdUIeEy AMON @eeoeooettoaeeeoes @ OuIe TAT "S07 21G Ny 781 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. t PEL ‘EDS £66‘ G61 ‘ST £10°9 Pon's LOT i 16h 96g ‘T ee | reagent Vinge = 919'6 BEES 699 ‘R GLG TLI‘@ eleae ee = AE cS II FO6°881 | OGr‘T e@oeaeeoeceis eee eee eeisoee eevee e|eeeseee ee 610 ‘9FT ejeeeetseaane 961 °S 666 ‘TI 189 ‘¢ GPT eje@weecnepeee LES 10S ‘% GOL‘TE "suo, J, I 6 val v1 ST 99 6 SLT v9 0&6 GG 8 SIT i O9T ‘ON “SPST gso‘T | 9¢¢‘E0r ejeeeeceeeeoen ejeemeeaeavee @ G86‘% S6F ‘6 “| 08) ie GOT‘ L ILG 699 eeeteeeeece ra GL PES L8S LIL 0S8 SIP ‘Ss 98¢ 910° ET €66‘T 61S ‘TS b16‘% P18 ‘S GBS ‘6 PSL 00G 0G "SUOT, “bPSl 99k eeeeene vl 67 ceeeeoe 6 GE cT € 96 ‘ON ene eceeve 819‘°E9 SOE C61‘S 799 ‘T CBE VEG | TIGL ST "SUOT, G8P ee@ee0e800 © eoaon0ere T€ IT eoeeoeeoe vol ol i OV G TL ‘ON “€vsl “‘penunu0O— LNAN LVS 706‘ L 809° 16E Th0'T 680“ 66T T&O'T e@oeso oes GG G ial G86 969 ‘1 1P0‘8E *SuOT, c G por “ON “CPST e@eoee eeceeae ONES IS HKO) fp te tee eee eee eee DITIONPUD eee eeeee ee resoeees 06910 eee tree eee cree sURSIYOTIAL west ee eee eee s eTISTIOOS! AA wot e eee eteeeee ees OIG ot ee eee eee eee eee SIOUllf] sense este ee esos TINOSSITAL ete ereeeeeerees KONqUO ST bette ee eer eee es QQgsouUa J, otter eee eee e eres soupy, oe eeteeeeeerees DUPISINOT iddississt jr see eeeeeeeeeees DURA *°* Bpllop iy ote eee cesar sees IG I00x) see ee eee purorED YING see so e5e s BRNOLED) MILONT oo e see ee eee ee es eDIUTGTI A (3986 eprlquIn[oD JO JI4sSIq beeen eeeeeeeese nun sre pl ot ep eee seeeeers OIRMTIOG oe ee esee eee vruvarhsumog tee eecereeees “Kosar MON sesso eeeeeee ss eIOR MONT tee e ee reeeees noTDOUOD sees eeeeeees DURST OpOyYy oe eee ee eee sHIOSMORSST IAT eevee eee ereee ees TOULIOA eceeeoses orisduepy MON seen etree eee eres s QUILT eeeoeeeee oe ee 8 @ "sa4R19 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 782 P6r ‘IS weeveteeererl[ooe eo eee|eeere ee 2 tiles e te ees IE 669‘% e@eoneereee elo oe eee elev ee2eeeesjeeoeeteeoe ee} © & & & oe SIS "6 LO‘ OIL "suo J, “6S8T PrP‘ seeeeecevae eve evieee eee 0 @ iat pce “ON G06 ‘86% os Lse ‘1 if 8& I 616 ‘SLB id 690‘S PIG'S 169‘T poe ‘T 197 ‘9 901 66ST vIT 08 vs9 659° 968 ‘'SE Lh vI6 9 616‘ 16 eee - a) | fp | ef “OS8T 096 ‘T €& VE 96€ ‘ON 6LS‘9se | L¥S‘T | SLo‘sTe | Ts98°T | eoeereceoeeesioeeseevoeevleee®eerveee ei © Fe oo o 61'S GOES 06 LI8 61 969 ‘EI 9 116 6 a a a L88 6 99z'9 ge E6r‘8 GL3‘6 6e 9coL‘T 069 ‘T SI LOT 69 iY OG Sle v 9SL. GIG T 9¢9 OSP v BEO‘S L¥6‘ Sy 660‘E 086‘% ve 609 10S LT E97 ‘LI 18h ‘LT al 088 ‘I 9066 | I& 800° 16 8€9°66 | 966 960 °8 BLI‘8 Tis POL (PY C&P ‘89 BEE 990°S L8e° GG 09L°@ 860‘ €1 688° 6% 998° 6E IST Sega ont *| cane 3 996°9 SL 966 ‘S 6 966 ‘68 PVE 716 ‘68 99 “SUOT, "Su J, “ON “6r8I “8rsl wee e eee eee tee eee eree erates sees ee rmo Ty ee eo Sage: oe Perens 8) ese) e oie ip itiees-* SOTO LOTT Cay ES ERED CORRS Re Ie se 8 soe TIO RAT C 2p Ws im SS Rilo Keeoia.ssaheseian io oR Orie 829 OITA TENT Seach eater ta emi de asec RASECH ALLL S EOS S SAA a i a aged! ON UF eoeee eoee @eoee eceooe eese eecee ee oe eoece ovee BAe De ence ae kOSC REALE 9 te nese ene A Pe ST OTR cree ee ee eetrersecees + TIMOSSITAT SigPKORekenai ge Geudhe: 12:8: 8.882: #16" A ANT eee preie 9 S18 ease #0822 885) s *ORSOTTTION: SLBrei:0 8 Bexe8 Oe, Seieie 61k SleRae EEE Ase 9/0 8 0sdle jee ooh ema 0c8, Ss PTOI ON, sis \ensimiinisiaieuie eee a" ese ROIS EAT 60.0 pep le ayes BAe) euehe-s0. >. SIBERIA oG phevhisin \Ba0ii8uhce0keusieae) <5 mse eer eel eje0\8.0.800.0.8 96 9 8 nse 6 ® ° SB Ta AIRY Bie gO (0a 89 FOP e BUT ORR qynog eipieosiseneisie 5-2-8 2 OUT TOP Gy) Y410 AT Risks eye slsipkehiee iA) nyhis)¥-8.° Taner IEAN oesceeeece BIquUIN[OD jo POUSIG, Usieceinies8ias 9 einVace om =: RT ALE TAT sieve leueseai ele ein a¥ 5) #15082 BANE TOS sig shessinie Wicieeie ee ele «TA ASE OeT gs sels sisieisiac® sae ese Lago e MGI BURP Rese unig’ bene ee AP’ # ieee TT Opa can e@eoeeeveveveeseeoe ee ee * ynoTpoouUoy) eoeeeoevoveevee eee eee purys] apouy eeeteoe es oe eee ee SJJOSNYOVSSP IAT S50 SASSS 5A 81480 SSN ee Naha ae ee LOU AN eeerreoccssee *alrysdulezy MON Sid Ae: 68-8 0 Sew iein is ssseeias Pau AT "$9701 *‘ponuiwoO— LNA LL VL 783 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 160‘686‘T —$—$—— 7S6‘LE Chr‘ E6L‘9 9PL ‘FL 6LS‘ LT G69 ‘ST &99‘8 166‘ PSL L B0L 1G 58929 GES. cs SOT ‘601 698 ‘6S ‘T "SU0T “TS8I €69‘SLL‘T LOL‘OE SIL‘T 68P ‘2 O6L ‘IT E8G ‘9B 106‘SI 9f70‘TI GOL‘S E61 ‘S 198 °8 966° LE 2 ane OLL ‘PL, 68S ‘OST “SUO T, “OS8I —_———_ C1e OL. I GEE SL LOL “68h °T "SUOT “6r8I Tet ‘sort | 9re‘oee‘t | egn‘6se | 69S‘016 | G66‘9T6 0%0 “FT 1&8 ‘01 106‘OT 918 ‘9 66L‘S 806 660‘T E91 616 ‘T 809 ‘T 066% 996 ‘F PPR ‘T GO "é ee0‘T £96 ‘6 997‘ cIE‘s 6S9 6 LIE ‘T 916 066 ‘T ETS ‘S EL0‘F $68 ‘T 9I1‘S Lit S 607 S 6LG‘S 96g‘ OOL ‘TI ces ‘6 G96‘ £96 ‘PF 968‘¢ €08‘E 086‘ 198‘@ PIL‘S 0g8°¢ gse‘9 gce‘¢ 906‘ POLS 60 6 QGL ‘GI 1@9 ‘ET 666‘F 91S ‘% 10S 6 BEE‘ 6G 6S8‘8T POS L SIF ‘SI PL6‘9 L6L“08 GLOVE Lov‘ acc OL9 ‘86 BBL 1h OL6 ‘FG POL ‘OE 999 ‘EI g6¢ 11 LSG LI C08 ‘G8 GL8‘f8 699‘€9 €89 ‘TS 699 ‘SS POL‘LLI‘T | O16‘°&66 L86‘€T8 | S60‘09L | L¥L‘99L ef SUO TL * SU0_ TL “SU0 T * SUo T "SU OL "SPS "LPS “OF8T "CPS "PPS ‘CaAVaLNG -aaasmpour “TGQT 02 SPQT mosf ‘aFDUUO) ay) YN ‘saIDI_ panuyy ay2 wr sztod yo pasnaja pup pasaqua sjassaa Usra.tof ay? Jo LajovLvYD JOUOYDU dy) TUIMOYs JWAWAIDIC CGL PES 08h ‘G 167 ‘T Err C69 916°1 06L G 0&6 119 IIS 6G‘ L 89S ‘OI 68S ‘EI BOG 8E £68 ‘SP "SUuOT, “EV8I Gk BEL ——— 66°C C6E‘S GOP We V €L6‘T 6S6‘T 080‘9 0€0‘F 66F ‘8 ILP‘S LLO TL nee 86L ‘BP GOS ‘66S "SUO,T, “GP8I @eere cee eeeeev ae eoeseeee eovrseee eesveeee eeerveee chen acdes car eries 23S EV Oay * pfessoA UGOLOJ 19YyO [LV **** TVIQUIO[OD pu UR[ONZEUS A ore teers absceer sess 2 ETS Ey Masia ene wastes ane SUC MUDR ON shee s Ace wees BRIS, Se BOR Oe HOA T HSS AUI 5 ae Maa e001 (2 900121 (|) ore) Sse o ns oa ae ege eens nena cehelele'e 2 ¥¥aeis > «TT BLO ORT te eee etree eeeees TONG ee wececeererooes ystuedg ‘UTIGIMIO NT Put YSIPOMG tre tee eee ever es TOUDTT tener ee seee ee or vasuRyy ote econo serene HSITIG “STSSSoA JO To,ORIVYO [VUOTIR i ANDREWS’ REPORT ON 784 GES‘6G6‘T | PIG‘BeL‘T | GOL‘SLO‘T | 6ST‘TON‘T 1&6 ‘SE 669 ‘PE 0S6‘ST GOS ‘FT G98 ‘T 886‘T PLL LI8 G2L‘8 LPP ‘9 196‘ 89S ‘s GLO‘ST GGB‘G LLL ‘S £69 ‘% 199 ‘SI E66 SZ LG0‘¢ 916 €1e‘SI GGL ‘SI GLP‘ O61 ‘fF LOr‘s 066‘ IT €60‘ IL LIG‘11 LOG‘ L ccT ‘tr 998 °% 069 ‘% 0995'S TE1‘s Pe9‘S P6L‘9 696‘61 668‘ OT GEL‘S 666‘ 61 996°TF | 616/98 166 ‘8G 9£6 86 689‘S9 976 ‘6¢ I10‘6E 080‘ IF 809 ‘9% PHI‘ LS G6S‘TE O8F ‘9 OLS OIL OLG‘ LL £69 "OL 108‘I8 OLL‘SSS‘T | G6L‘FOP‘T | SLo‘6rP‘T | E98‘6ST‘T e SU0 T us SUO TT *SUO 7, - SU0T, *IS8I “0S8I *6P8I "SP8I G09 ‘9LI‘T 0S9 ‘TI LGG 760° Log ‘s G66‘ 118‘¢ GLO‘6 GLB ‘1 9€8'€ G06" 6 Lys‘ LI 816 66 OF‘ 96 —_—_————— | | . | — | | “LYST 860'896 | SLe‘0k6 POLIT | T19/4 E91. 866 I GSES Pen 'y 609 ‘E COL‘S LIG‘T 609°9 Gehs =| Leo'€ O16 ‘¥ G6 6 ste "hy P81 a O61 '€ 698 °T Gere L&S Kc G90L 886 EI LGO ‘VG v6r OF T9LS Aa! €80° ‘OL LOL “TL 696 ‘SS L6L°608 | FRS‘OLL “SUO TL “SUO T OF8I *CTSI ‘dduVaTo ——— £69‘ SP9 ‘1 G9S CVG GL9‘G GSI‘S 666 ‘9 6E1 ‘FP 198°@ GEs‘T COL ‘2 G86 '8E 1e‘ee 699‘9SL. "SUOT, m Azer | “IUsnjour ‘TGQT 02 SHQyl worl ‘9,6DUU0) AOYD YIN ‘saIDIG. panuyy ay7 wa s740d a PaLnayo PUD pasaqua sjassaa UdiaLof ay) Jo AajavADY qoUOYDU oY? SUINOYS JUIMIIDIS P18 ‘906 GEG ‘EES 8P6. if 66r‘T 092 16S 9F9‘T 619‘E 996‘T EPL 'S reo 186‘9 COL “OL PSE "G1 LLG °86 GES ‘Thr *SUOT, LGOP‘OPL LGL‘S 800°E ESL 108°T 865 G GOL ‘T 68F ‘9 016‘¢ £86 ‘9 p0E‘sS 966 ‘6 PYG “VG PEL ‘LI CLE ‘GS 066 ‘66S * SUT, “CP8I | “CVsl reece tee ee secre ees soeeeereee STOSSOA USIOIOT 10440 [TV se eees* UDIGUIO[OD pure ULfONzZoUE A AN I aera teak oh eine UMN SVR SY steer tee eee wesc rr oe es UDIIpITG tate cece eee eee e eens e ee tivISSNtT eeonoveoeseceeesseeoeeoereeenoee uvissnig SEO CE EE eM eget 2) CFL (| Rjeretey seve) nit sea. Sia sauekee 81.6 65> Tae Tee ca pistes avaNptaneie ae \e (eis #yster08.6- Scand | LG Peete eee eee ee eer e enone HOING EO HOE OCI EMRE SOT TITY secceeses euDIGIMION PUB YSIPOMG Te A ile eed Oe 1 GO TURE HE | eoeeeete oe oe 8 @ & © & oF oTyeosuryy ecooeereaereoeeeeaee eee eee “YSIPLIG “S[OSSOA JO LIJOVALYO [VUOTPR AT 780 COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. T'sts =| GL 616 reseeees| Qgcgy [oreetee: treteeseleeee eee! Qoegg ¥6'P9T | SL IST | 86° 2LFT 81°19 00°9) ott F088 | PR TPS | GT S9T 69° TL 09°82 | 80° 0ST T6°S6L | G8 TLE | 08°022 68°016 | 16°S8% | S0°06T 00°96 oorezg tt rreteeeelesseseee! Qqrogy FP’ 08 96°96 | 88°99 09° 97 00°TL | 00°88 00°08 00°69 | 00°07 OS TOL | 68°68 | 08° 9ST PLPEL | OO'eSL 9°69 16°GG | 98°08 00°46 g8°c9 | TP’ SOT 68°62) 86'6G | 00°98 69° CCT | 19° 8ST | Sh 90T 80° LEE | 09°98T | 99°STT 90°99T | ST'SPL | BL°SIT GO°FOT | F8°S8 | 08°80T 79° COP | 6S°CSE | 9F'096 00°68T | F9°16 | Ce°ZOT $6°826 | CL°FSZ | 16°996 GT 866 | TL 018 | 91°966 srereees] az-orr | OOD 9619 | SCOTT) OF 169 PS'O1S | SL FOE | CL 613 “6Q8t | “TEST | “OST 96°S08, PY 806 10° OAT G6" TST 61" 176 aes 29°88 19°¢g 00° 08T 00°828 00°28 10°04 FP 18 89°16 68° FIT 7118 98° IGT G36 &h 991 9206 08216 F608 11 20G 31" 686 “6P8T ia eos eeeee eee neceee OL G96 91-978. 61°91. 68° LEG 00° 4¢ 00°06 6°99 0G 61 00° 31% 0G GIL 69°89 c9° 18 LP 66 08° 611 GP SOT STOOL 06° 90T CT 61T 08 PEL 19 O18 6P' L1G IT G8 81° 16S 68° SVG “SPST 91° 006 os'cor | rout | 6G GGT | PSSST | OT SET SS ee ey cere eens weer eres 02° S6L ere eeees $1618. TZ TOT 16° PLL 00° LOT sete ewes restos ite 00° F6L 00° 3 00° #S CT 02 SP°9G cP 9s 88°96 91 16 T8° GOT 68" 16 LT 881 6G SPT OL O16 6G 106 00° SP 06° 86G ¥9 S81 “LP8T 16°TST | SP 967 Ce es ee eC ee ee ee er er] ee 01°9ST | 09°8 | T6°E9T | 00°19 OFS]. | 1 208 | F8°S6r.| oP° 297, dae t | ceed Meeks 0S SSE | OS STS | TL POG | 16° TST Gu:SPE | 00°2Fr | 0e'esF | 00°T9T. 16°99 | SL°PP | 09° FF | 00°98 0G GST | 00°08 J °°" * "| 00° SL 00°SOT | o°F9 | 00°SL | OF POT 00°13 | 00°SS | 00°GL | 00° GP 0g°cs8 | OO’ TS | SF 68 | 00° SOT 18°09 | G8 19 | G6°8P | &6°6 OO°LL | G6°9FT | OL TL | TELL Ce Ip | 61°16 | GF'LG | 60'S 88° 00T | $6°60T | 0¢°86 | 61 °F6 06°ZOL | S6°FL | GZSL | 00°38 90°86 | 18°88 | PL 26 | 86°90T 09°16 | 92°69 | 17°69 | 68° LL 68° L6T | 84° LEE | SB°8IT | So LOL 90°90T | FS SIL | 9S°9TL | 99°88 09° 686 | 9° 106 | 00° GOP | 00° 06T LL'VVL | GL°G6G | 16°626 | SE 64S LE°TL6 | 06° 00G | SE Tes | 00° LIT VE GLE | TH PGL | GF OLS | 16°GIS “FST CC ee “OV8T | “SPST “SPST €6°9CT eee see oe onl eres ceee 16°F92 Se 1o°hL 0F°9G 00°49 00° FOL 98°S9 18°29 80'S) OF 6T 18°) 66" 6) OF F9 08°99 10 O1T TP’ 2oT 81826 1 8&3_ 08° 688 96° 18% “OPST 68° CET row | 86° Cor | o9-62r —— Mededleescee eee Gal | cect ofes agar 1P° 2G | 06°82 00°¢r | 00°688 1129 | 99°66 68°98 | 00°F 91'0P | 00°88 oe alee eee 00°99 | 00° Sor 86°C | 00° FS O°1L | 80° LL 88°18 | 09°CT6 19°86 | SL°SOT 88°29 | 36'F8 PL'S9 | 66'S) 99°12 | 18°29 61° 916 | LE 16T 10°E6L | 86° F8 CQ°LPL | 8° 49% 88°906 | 69°2¢1 GL GCP | 99° SCP FL GOS | ST’ STZ ‘TRST | “OFST 78:671 08° L8T 60° 16T 99° COT 96°82 ST 868 10° 161 “688T ee Cray eee reece 16°61 | 00°68 | TH°Z0T G0°01S | 14°61 | LT°CL Paitin |ooraes| eesaqan 09°91 | 00°98P | C8°SPT_ 80°ITL | 18°S0T | 06°F9 Sree egaee # oaeed © Sees | eae teapot & = 99°S8T | 00°99T | 09° 681 OF'S26 | PLPSL | 00°08T 16°86 | 81°19 | PL'OL GO°2e | GL'G9 | 68°79 00°00T | 88° 2ST | 00°69 6°86 | 16°s8 | 08°28 11°68 | 00°69 | 16°22 86°PPL | PL'SST | F0' SST 90°28 | Fo°E8 | 10°TL P6'6GL | 92° 19T | 8G° LPT 61°18 | 6°$L | 00°82 08°01 | Te°SIT | 09°24 GO°LTL | GO°9@T | 18°S8T. IT'G98 | 09°99 | FL"068 16°891 | G9°1GT | 08° 99T ‘SEBEL | “LEST | ‘988T 19° LGT | 82 LeE | °°" wegoreccsess ss Boge paNTTy ee er eee sere eee eee reese een eees Ce ee ry eee eeee 8 BITLLONTBS “*""*TOddIQ “"** UBSIUOIPAL "7" ** TISUOOST AA ress OGG “"** Sloullly *** *LIMOSSIIA *. * YONI ** * 99ssouudy, rreeees pexoT “Tee s** BURVISMoy “* emVqvly 99 EDIT esee eeeevesen BIBIOIL) “eul]oIeD YNog * BUI[OLBD YQ.AON ee eeee BUSA A, BIQUIN[OD JO JOLYSIC, ee eecc cee puryAreyy . RUT) (216 | *** BIUvATASUUOg sre KOS.100 MON "ths" * MIOX MON "**s-anoqoouun0g “** puvlsy epoury ** sqjosnqoussep terres aTOUIO A, “atysdmeyy, MON teers es -QUTET *BO]UI9 On 7 - rE, j ; SAV QO (=e iy Setar rte aa , yn: IQISNIIUL ‘FGQT 02 QEQT wouf ‘Ajjonuun ‘sayDyg papuyy ay? ur 171ng sjassaa fo adnuuo) adnsoan ay) HuUrprgryxa quaua) DIS 50 786 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON Exports and imports from the principal commercial States of the Union for the years 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, and 1851. EXPORTS. FLORIDA. ALABAMA. VIRGINIA. Year. Amount. Increase. Amount. Increase. Amount. GMOS. aio.58 acotelenters eis MERSIN hal ots te aod etapa cs. Guallepeue terete ene Melis testocnetepsstenste $4,822,611 a Lie elses hy etal A Re eGR ERAS oc faee aieader secon SOG; IGG: oi lepote entire nets 4,557,957 NB BU see wieiecsiee $30,495 |) am. 2,294,594 4,791,644 1840.....-2221| 1,850,709 | eno aon! 12,868, 00! meee 4) 769,937 1650... 0.54. 2 B07HObe! Re Ete 10,544,858 re 3,413,158 oo soot 3 i z 1851 3,939,910 baa 18,528,824 3,087,444 NORTH CAROLINA. SOUTH CAROLINA. GEORGIA. Year. Amount. Increase. Amount. Increase. Amount. | Increase. ISTO 6.2 EADS GAG). Eiiectevcekeve @ $5,299,614 $2, 238, 686 ees b ane SOS SLO) nl eretokeelavetet eit 8,882,940 AG per ct.| 6,594,623 138 per ct. TESO. s cees 399,333 |) ie ” 627 031) 5,336, 626 ) SAO chee 387,484 |} ). 981 O16 | 6, 862, 959 | fd 150... 416,501 | {7% Pet ct-| 417446?gg9f| 100 “| aang ph) 7 TRS) Baa ats 426,748 | J 15, 316, 578 | g 158, ,879 | MARYLAND. LOUISIANA. Year Amount. Increase. Amount. Increase. MSLO: ce yianate la detenevs OMG OO ROMS |. cla e snlate ale ojeicte $2,650, 050 MSO ues rote hese au GAGOSMSOAL © |, Belin celerala weeratere 7,596,157 500 per cent. NSO ee oes eee 6 5 Bis TO WRASD | s phted reels wttaerere 15, 488, 692 AQ S sess ccct et eecmere cre PAGS MOD OM lexan a Sonempelelevsauenens 32,998,059 FeSO) cco rc ke ues G SBORABTL |. 2 ees wpe Be me 37,698,277 {| 185 per cent. 1153551 AAR = SANG IIE © 1\o a cies cinta tcleete ter’ 53,968,013 } MAINE. MASSACHUSETTS. Year Amount. Increase. Amount. Increase. TEI papa aila’a 1s ost eso a ORR EAe ae ato cet c asin eIPERIeR Ora cet a ctcelo.d ote $13,013,048 TO eae a mules Sy OCR srl Rail cre tepsi™ wfergi cise ia a) sles 11,008, "99 UH 1) Se aerate 670,522 |) 7 913, 194 ] WG AO eS coieva 0 sarees 1,009,910 |! : (a 268, 158 ‘ em 1,536, g18) 7 128 per cent. 8,253,473 | { 362 per cent. BOM: Sets, «:4 0 oi siete 1,517,487 9,857 537-2 |) COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 787 EXPORTS—Continued. NEW YORK. PENNSYLVANIA. Year. Amount. Increase. _ Amount. Increase. UN ciel aos wde> «| $11,242,330. claire vos aeleis ater « $10,993,398 WEAR cies ice ssinsie.» « 13,163,244 14 per cent. 5, 743,549 SE Se ie 19,697,983 | 3,791,482 } CE i) ee oe 11,587,471 9 a 5,736,456 : . 1850...... 0 eae 41,502,800 {| 24> Percent. 47049) 464 | (93 per cont. SOS lesiw ie cca 68,104,542 | 5,101,969 | J IMPORTS. FLORIDA. ALABAMA. Year. Amourt. Year. Amount. TySEtL aay ate a, a ra 432,689 SRO AAS eee Bere Ne ele $144,823 PRGA Ueetey wave telsiousissleuclerelsisse: sie 190,728 ESA e nentvaycitarctercectouroncpelic: 6 974,651 TUS, eee RE ne 95,709 ALS a iapsrseeiciem, «opens etbenaiore 865,362 a) ek Se ee eae ae 94,937 GSE MOO Ia le oh ee Se ea 413,446 VIRGINIA. NORTH CAROLINA. | | Year. Amount. Year. | _ Amount | : | | USE Ee Gees See eee $405 , 739 MSS eiaih cysta we ieteesereiete. 8 | $221, 992 SS UNG ote rane Dee 545,085 SSA ea ara ey ea . 952,532 Tyo) ee ee ne oe ae a 426,599 1S so: eR ROR eee 323, 392 Sle s Seem acess. + os oN e 552,932 OSM eran torte ote Bavaro 8 206,931 SOUTH CAROLINA. GEORGIA. Year. Amount. Year. | Amount. Oe ere eae 6 chews a athe nets $1,054,619 PESO ae Seis We tees $282, 346 MENG ects Steiele es ohs i s)o ah SS Stee 2,058,870 ESAOS ce Seren Wee veto eas 491, 428 oP i ee eS ae Igas 7os | eho. ee | 636,964 Jot KOE Bee SSE eoe er 2,081,312 TS aap isl s aa « 721,547 ——————eee EE EEE SS Ee ee eee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee | j eis 788 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON IMPORTS—Continued. MARYLAND. LOUISIANA. | Year. Ameouzeé. Amount. 1830.4 so tsvacde Ranncceel O GaOnOR ORG :iliapay Mareen te oa $9,766,693 TRAD |. o o:sv as cine eee A910, 746° S|" “ABAD a's v stepaled ap ecient OS 10, 673, 190 BB50 ok vs «0:4 eae eee 61945201. 18505. seein ee 10,760,499 TRG sews Meads ene 6, 650,645) | Sule C09 | PELE 06L‘T ie epee eee agin ye noimar PLP ‘TLE LET‘ LLS IGP ‘GTS 99L‘T9E 166 ‘8SP SIL ‘GOS LLO ‘OLB 960 ‘SES "+ ***payeloUNUs Jou sozVzg 10Y}O ever (| rer'con'E | cte'es6 | GloTcL | L199re | OGT‘eeL‘'T | O18'0V6 | O1€TaL _[*** somg wroymos poy, 6LS Tx OOLS LES" £966 ee eS es 209 ¢ 119e teste ee ee eee eee seer espxoy P61 P8L‘OIL'T ¢L8‘S66 606° LIL LLO ‘OG 18 ‘PLL T COG‘ LEG 669‘ LLL 801° 66 86h 0SL 996 "Ter GEG 86E Gr6 VIL 064° 06L LEG ‘696 €58° 0SE ee epee eee aes oe, MOUS TT 960‘ GEx 676 ‘9LT C96‘ TL 789 ‘¢¢ OSL ‘FG G00° 606 G86 ‘GIT 060‘96 Poe ee Ceres eae een GEE‘ TI 8691S ‘66 GBB‘ GG 196 '91 91 OP 9ST GG 086° LI eS eae ee BOOT GLL Gls G08" 9TT 60L 69 960° LF 986 ‘€Gx 086 '66L £99 GL LIO‘ LS a ee pe aa SOE) 709‘ TL LG‘ EEG 80‘ OFT 790°66 89L ‘ES 896‘ 166 6S0° SCT 916 ‘96 Tseeeereeseerers + BUTOIRD YING ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ (4 ¢ ¢ 968° Vx 90L°S9 886 GP BIE 0G O81 '€ GES “OL CEG“ GH 008‘ 8% “nhs NER germ ee BOT OTe yy MON Lp'é 016 °66 LbE'S9 €99 Ve 98h ‘9 E67 ‘96 87 ‘G9 G96‘08 Pate 0S SE ea ee Uae A 169 ‘Lx 918‘ 81% 68L ‘SOT LG0 ‘ETT 00‘TS LOF ‘966 618 ‘96T 889 ‘66 Se se ap reer as ee Dre ee TAD G19 ‘Pr0'T 686° €6S‘L 69S‘ PI9'E LGL‘*806°6 GIG“ LLEE 7L9‘8LY‘9 G6L ‘LOLS 6L8‘OSE'E | *89}VIG UTOYAOU Fo [eqIOJ, P5699 LL6 TSS, OLL GCL | 108‘ 62 PI9'6L €60°S8T | L86°€8 980° TOT soc ngtetecnesess* peyaremnueny) 199‘ LL6 CIE‘ TLG‘L 98h‘ 16h ‘ES 969 GLE 865 L6G ‘E 199 €66‘9 808'690‘E EFS‘ 666'E P68 'G¢ G18 666 PLT OFT | 869 6ST, 869k 886 °9S | S19 TIL | OLE ‘GET Pubes tere 8+ sere ered ASUuaY SPP 98L 196" €16°S GEL LOG GET 9PL'S OLS 8S¢°G 918 96h F 960° 61'S OG abe ee oes oot he ten es os ANN P06°E ELE'S9 19906 CPL PE GSP EL 694 19 LIE" Le GGL‘ HE Ae Pea Bosc agt a SPATTER) 080°8 LLYOP GBS ‘6 G68 6G yoo’ L6E "SE GLP ‘RT G66 ‘61 reas eh ae scenes Sep Use on £16‘ 661 TLE‘ 886 'T 008‘ 969 PLS‘ T99 T61 ‘06S LOP ‘8ST 'T 696‘ 9bS 6Pr‘TL9 Tr ereereseeeceres ssiosnyoUsse yay LOT ‘Px 060‘ST 69‘ L L6g‘L 969‘T LG‘ 6L §16‘8 PV6‘IT rereeeeeecesees courysdureEy Ao NT 866 ‘Gx G66 “GPE TPL ‘S61 PST ‘LPT L189 ‘6S G6E ‘SHE LEL‘G0G 981 ‘EFT vane pe rete gy ES Gee MBIT *OSRO1DUT *[210.7, *pIeMjNG, *plvMuUy ‘osvaloUuy "[e1O.L, *pleMjnog "PIR MU *89]2]0 "TS8T “OS8T “ponunuoO— LNG VLS 794. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON INLAND WATER ROUTES. The following tables are submitted in reference to the inland water routes, and the character and value of their trade, so far as they could be obtained. Application was made to persons in each of the principal cities for information relating to their inland trade, which was unsuc- cessful. It is mentioned with the hope that the principal commercial -cities on the Atlantic and in the interior will promptly take measures to have this matter receive proper attention. It is due to the interests of the cities, to the inland trade, and to the railroad interest, that all the information relating to routes, facility of transportation, expense,*distance, &c., should be correctly prepared and promptly given to the public in annual statements. It is necessary to state again, if any complaints are made of interest- ing local points being unnoticed in this report, the fault is not with the undersigned, but is chargeable to the indifference of those to whom repeated applications were made for the requisite data. The appended statements have been compiled from official and authentic returns, exhibiting the estimated value of the tonnage of the leading inland water routes which connect the tide waters of the Atlan- tic with those of the Gulf of Mexico. “here are at the present time four great routes to which the interior trade of the country has been chiefly confined—the St. Lawrence, the Erie canal, the Pennsylvania improvements, and the Mississippi river and its tributaries. All these routes are mutually connected by an in- terior network of railroads and canals, and merchandise may be for- warded from the respective termini of each, upon tide water, to any part of the country, (and by water except upon the Pennsylvania line,) and may be passed with convenience from one to the other. There are important works recently completed, and others in progress, designed to occupy a similar relation to this.trade to those already described ; but these have too recently come into operation to allow their results to be compared with the above named. None of the former have passed into the great interior basin of the country save the Georgia line, which is yet wanting in those connexions which are necessary to secure to it the trade of an extensive range of country. When completed, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad will add another to what may be termed the national lines, and others equally extensive, and perhaps equally im- portant, will soon follow. Up to the present time, consequently, the routes of commerce be- tween the interior and the sea-board have been those first described. We have, however, unfortunately, accurate and satisfactory returns of the quantity and value upon one route only—the Erie canal. The excel- lent system prevailing upon that work gives, in great detail, every fact of interest in reference to the source whence received, tonnage, value, character, and direction of all property passing over it. Upon the St. Lawrence canals, values are not given in the reports of the Board of Works of Canada; and these have been estimated to agree, as nearly as possible, with the returned values of the same articles upon the Erie canal. ‘The tables showing the values of produce received at New Or- leans from the interior are compiled from the annual statements which COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 795 have appeared in the “‘New Orleans Price Current” for a series of years. There is no mode of ascertaining the value of property passing up the Mississippi river from New Orleans; it has, therefore, been estimated in the following tables to equal three times the amount of importations of foreign goods. The want of correct statistical information relating to the trade, commerce, and navigation of this confederacy is a sufficient reason for commending, in a special manner, to the public, the volumes recently published, by Professor DeBow, of the University of Louisiana, enti- tled ** The Industrial Resources of the South and West,”’ which can be profitably consulted by all desirous of obtaining commercial infor- mation minute in its details and philosophical in its arrangement. ERIE CANAL ROUTE. Statement showing the value of each class of property reaching tede-water on the Hudson during a series of years, ending December 31. Years. Products of the} Agriculture. Manufac- |Merchandise.} Other arti- forest. tures. cles. ABS ite ate: ues «0 oe; $10,160,656 | $36,394,913 | $4,335,783 $329,423 | $2,706,733 an eee sate SOARES E 10,315,017 38,311,546 | 3,960,864 563,615 2,323,495 oS Pe eee 7,192,706 38,455,456 | 3,899,238 508,048 2,319,983 [GS a ee eee 6,909,015 37,336,290 | 3,834,360 593,619 2,210,623 Prd ce te ee soc a eS 8,798,873 54,624,849 6,024,518 517,594 3,127,080 PEAR Ie See dlc 8,589,291 33,662,818 | 4,805,799 276,872 3,770,476 MSs Ne Wood as, Siete. aa 7,759,596 27, 612,281 | (3,432,259 88,497 3,559,658 Men ere Se nc icre cies c 7,716,032 21,020,065 | 3,489,570 86,153 2,328,526 ee yuoS. 5,956,474 18,211,629 | 2,561,169 56,224 1,667,922 The following brief notices and accompanying tables will serve more fully to illustrate the character of the business of this route in detail, and also convey to the mind of the reader some idea of the influence which the commerce flowing through this channel has had in building up the towns and cities on the tide-waters of the Hudson river. Albany.—This city, one of the most ancient, and at one time of first commercial importance among the marts of America, has direct rela- tion with colonial trade and lake commerce and navigation. When it is considered that the extraordinary facilities furnished by the Hudson river toward reaching the great marts on the Atlantic coast called into existence, if they did not actually create a necessity for, those artificial channels through which the great lake commerce finds its way to tide-water, it will be seen that there is a most 2timate commercial connexion between the great lakes and the ports on the tide-waters of the Hudson. The whole effect, therefore, of the vast trade under consideration, is not visible without a sketch of the busi- ness of those ports—especially as much of the Canada trade, indeed nearly the whole of it, with this country, reaches tide-water by way of Albany, and makes part of the commerce of the Hudson. There are several cities on the banks of this noble river worthy of 796 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON notice. Albany, Troy, Lansingburgh, and Waterford, are all places of thriving business. Waterford is the most northerly, and lies on the west bank of the river, nearly opposite Lansingburgh, at the point where the Champlain and Erie canals form their junction. It is not a large town but has some flourishing manufactories, among them several flouring mills, which add much to its canal commerce. Lansingburgh, on the opposite side of the river, a little further south, is an old town, which was engaged in a flourishing river commerce, carried on by means of sloops and schooners, as early as 1770, with New York and the West Indies. : The introduction of steam has caused that trade to cease; and Lan- singburgh, being off the line of the canal, has little use for her docks and warehouses at this day. Troy, three miles south of Lansingburgh, is a large and enterprising modern city of about 30,000 inhabitants, having increased in popula- tion, from 1840 to 1850, 9,451. The city lies on both sides of the Hud- son, six miles north of Albany, and one hundred and fifty-six from New York. The principal portion of the city is on the eastern bank of the river, over which communication is kept up by ferries and a bridge. Troy is at present, therefore, virtually at the head of steamboat navi- gation on the Hudson. On the west bank, the canal is connected with the river by a lock, through which boats may pass and thence tow by steam to Albany and New York, or, which is more frequently the case, discharge their cargoes on board barges, of great capacity, which are towed down the river to New York, while the canal cratt receive another cargo and return northward or westward. It is this business of transhipment and exchange which forms the principal commerce of Troy, and occasions its rapid growth. It is connected with Boston and New York, as well as Burlington, Rutland, Montreal, and all west- ern cities, by railway, as will be observed by the accompanying rail- way map. Albany is the oldest and most important of all the river cities. It was first visited by Hendrick Hudson in 1609, and was settled a few years later, under the appellation of the manor of *“ Renssellaers-wyck,”’ by a colony of Dutch, under the manorial superintendence of Jeremais Van Renssellaer. It has steadily increased in population, wealth, and enterprise since the date of its settlement, but has throughout adhered to many of its old Dutch customs and names. In 1754 it had attained a population of 1,500 to 2,000; in 1800, 5,349—since which time the number of inhabitants have been doubled, on the average, once in fifteen years, giving it, in 1840, a population of 33,721, and in 1850, 50,771. It is the capital of the great State of New York, and is now easily accessible from all parts of the commonwealth. The capitol is situated on the hill back from the river, commanding a fine view for many miles up and down the stream, as well as over the surrounding country. The elevated position of the city makes it a healthy and delightful residence. ‘The country around is uneven, and in some parts moun- tainous, but mostly susceptible of a high state of cultivation. The commerce of Albany is almost as ancient as its settlement, though it was first made a port of entry in 1833. No reliable records COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 797 of its river commerce were kept previous to that date. As early as 1770, Albany sloops visited the West Indies in large numbers, and in 1785 the ‘“* Experiment,” a sloop of 80 tons, was fitted out here for China, being the second adventure from this country to Canton. She created great interest in the China seas, returned in safety, and made several subsequent trips. ‘The application of steam as a propelling power has nearly revolutionized the commerce of the ports on the Hudson; and the ancient foreign trade of Lansingburgh, Troy, and Albany is now extinct. In 1791, no less than forty-two sail were seen to arrive at or pass Albany, on their way to places above, in a single day. After Albany was erected into a port of entry, Congress made an appropriation for the removal of the obstructions to navigation, about six miles below the city, known as the Overslaugh. Although much was done to clear the channel and prevent future accumulations, yet the passage is still difficult at low water, and requires further and more efficient improvements. No detailed statements of the river com- merce of Albany are at hand; but much may be learned from the excellent reports of the auditor of the canal department with regard to the quantity and value of articles arriving at and going trom tide- water. This will give nearly all the commerce of the river at Albany and points above. The number of vessels arriving and departing from Albany, con- sisting of schooners, sloops, brigs, steamers, propellers, and scows, was, in 1848, 788, andin 1849, 785. The tonnage entered and cleared at this place, of the same class of vessels, for a series of years was as follows : Tons rigs ices: ee STR Cee a bs, Baro or Sie att mute or eoie) ayer eiwiaelaueleve’ eat leo ave 36,721 DD otter eee whew ewer oe ae atabaietataterekourerananatiiutavetohereeinl ele saree eleles*arereereleleate 40,369 ice nls ot cstela ts io dela loc bietels'be = eun'e sevele Me caus tetareiee erdje.ai'acu deh tadestaveisle:sleie: ate 39,416 ot) ee £ arctetatda ciclwi at Gale els a cated cieheisinrsto eee Sfeverabis(e\e a icsisisieltee sie oleate 50,797 BRS Peace isle sco e'ee ela's'e ete Res ee ee een a salen Geen ren eae tele tee : 49,356 re ee et ee Rees Oa een he eS EE ee rN, cee eee eee Se Rt es oe 55,354 Le SME 9) = 2 Ci SCR Sie ERERDE CRP-RCICHONC ESIC HERO MOAIEIPE EE iy its ARICA RRND We er Ree ee 65,507 erm eee oy ae tae ad b Dek caee ee See 8 Sabie che alene ete scdatereoe Et 70,985 Eee a see aa ao oats Ui ncie cia rac. 6 Shineeb mich cei cicte eee Cons ceslab eee 71,011 aE ei ete at via, dem bc teste © BY Slates UNI eas Sielette DEA chece ce bacce coe 97,019 RE ere ata ete a ere a fora me Decca ce odd Shed wes pure nltaice wots Siva sie BP ae 77,983 MOTO 5 2 cites Beek aete kee belo oe 4 CMe rahe meeienrerp tala claie see eieiaine se aie herd ties 79,122 Much of this tonnage traded to Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. 198 ANDREWS’ REPORT ON The following table shows something of the value of the commerce of all the tide-water ports for a series of years, as given in the canal returns: ry Years. The following table coming to tide-water. Years. eo eee ee ee eoeeeseeoeee ees soe Property going from tide-water. ns 122, 130 142,802 142,035 129 , 580 162,715 123,294 143,595 176,737 195,000 213,795 988 , 267 329,557 315,550 418,370 467,961 531,527 425,784,147 33,062,858 40,094,302 36,398, 039 56,798, 447 32,314,998 42,258, 488 53, 142,403 55,453,998 64,628,474 | 77,878, 766 77,477, 781 78,481,941 74,826,999 80,739,899 118,896,444 Arriving at tide-water. Tons. 640,481 602, 128 669,012 174,334 on ? 1,019,094 1,204,943 1,362,319 1,744,983 1, 447,905 1,579,946 2,033,863 1,977,151 2,234, 822 hy 491,822,354 23,038,510 20,163,199 93,213,573 27,225,322 92,751,013 98,453,408 34, 183, 167 45,452,321 51,105,256 73,092,414 50,883,907 52,375,521 55,474,637 53,927,508 66,893, 102 exhibits the proportion of each class of property That going west was chiefly merchandise: The forest. | Agriculture. 1,064,677 Other ar- ticles. Manufac- | Merchan- tures. dise. Tons. Tons. Tons. 170,945 8, 848 2,085 173,000 12,906 1, 176 151, 499 10,124 354 182, 142 8,487 298 163,785 8,569 499 302,356 8,665 104 270, 240 17894 155 293,177 16,015 185 346,140 29,493 201 378,714 32,334 245 447 , 627 49,812 253 628, 454 46,076 1/286 S07. CLe 51,632 4,831 685 , 896 44,867 6,343 769, GOO 44 288 5,873 743, 232 39 , 669 7,105 891,418 42,302 4,580 AT, 512 10,605 989 268 | | COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 799 The following table shows the character, quantity, and value of the property coming to tide-water on the State canals during the year 1851: Ajiticles. The Forest. Fur and peltry .......... ap apepsieyatar alone 6, pounds.. Boards and scantling <... 2.0... cece ceocnes feet. . Shingles ....c0cccec ern cceauee Susaelialeierat aieveuies VE. USERET. . .scine dew Bost sinha ine, Sepia cubic feet.. Staves....2.0- Stettalcivisvereb\ «> wie\a\sinis @ win pounds cr? See a Se NS Tae a ee een a Oe cords Ashes, pot and pearl. .....sececceccees barrels Weta Gk te Porestz< aisle cele ox sie ot he.« Agriculture eG eos ecac es die Boe alee be ORE eee v. cbarrels A icine wlake c,d ise ‘aie eke aS Tee aictele do LEM ctor ct caiainneiwnecein/niias\ 6 = s\n) cei sicl vas pounds “CLE sedk - o eece O LR EEE ER Oe ee eee a do LA?) 1k 2) ee ere ee ree do eo 2. SR Be Se Rego eee ooonons gallons D2 LES bee SESS RRS One ae Scnr pounds tee car ccc cc ee Stas ce ewee s O "DALE Te OE Ae a Re an en ( do Melee tiate ve deck loeklc So wows ts oe as os barrels or ae ee Ls Oe bushels LOS. 32. ad SB SE See eee a ey do isin gla AN Lee Re ee AD ge Fe do Dormant tetts hs O ES! Sees alcw datendis tdctecalees barrels lee pias a i ae one ere bushels Oats... Sth ital sia ack\'s, elec Gia a eVey artuere ele tre @.cfes Bran! aud shipstaiis (5. .)c sic. cie's esis Sie es pounds... EAA NE ABIS isp, aio tos Gin) tayow Diarw p Senarers bushels. . Neen RAE Oey, oiamnye', > crew «pers od aie. sve ouete dae: PPCM APOE ee Sete ai ess cicvu py we we coke etl pounds oabientae Se sehen y ise | cab sya. 6 byte Di atnwre bys do Unmanwtactured tobacco ..’s- ie. ass. Oss, ac LEER cB ast ad Nn cient eA ae aa eae dot. Clover and’ grass seed: .(5.\..« sgsleeiede4 4 do.... UV SUS Ere) Rae Meae 2 Oi | dine 0 2H oe AS ae a dete DLS SRAtae SSR cas ane cB omens Ae do Total agriculture ....2.se.e Series obs Sa Oar Manufactures. PPOMECSIE SPILItS i. «50 0's olen o'lalelen ole 2 gallons.. LED ESS Sed I i ee atone ene i a barrels. . Oiitmeatand cake .25.).15.:. 2 2/eias ajo pounds. . RNR TeMN oehy cle Soy DO as ae ee 2 Bee dO. «<\ Pi ANE ai 'st a odd dada ao eS Sb eotogs open 6 doesc-s MRR ET Eco Oise sau cx be. ore ote eters: GOs « Agricultural implements. ......ceecsee: Gs die Bar and Pie TAGs, cc. 5 2 anim © aes > ealeneea = i d@.<- PAE MESH e wie am aa Sion Hors seh ate a vine oes Vacucane 2 do... CABGBR: 6 i:0/.2 Poian whee cea cieteas wiajiawiatehe sa BOnee 2 Machines, and parts thereof......... eos wine lacs jw) 6c 2 lel ae enero 4,784 2,417 “LESS 2) oo Sic RASS Beer Heer Ali WOR aA Be 12,801 1 Sil Maard 2... csv ecee ewe eee el ecco neues ABONILE RIK SESS 5,407 22,766 edict Wa yipia + atekys phecie'See sss «2 30 1OIR) dedoctics cme 122 196 Manufactures. | VIG Yo -eielstole sre se oe « 230 C19 per ae see 13,938 29 ,27b | Sen BA Seneca ere 25 Gols oukebacei 1,204 ops UI RUE Getta nee eee o's ee st ao [net er cece eee eeeceeeee sepals ie AAPG co nicnod clo Berea or: Vemeiom wlmown kts 2S Ye IENk Lah wae: 8 9,592 Railroad iron.......+.000. Re AG ieee Bs ie Re EMOES 6 Ase Meas Degen ie tony ee ey | 44,179.1 GO ee see ha 2.958 62 BOOMS ... 6. sss ee eese eens Se US ol cartesrinic rasio. jniciccsocy yr LGMOMOMer eee se « SES TCC e Gee eee 1,563 TVG letinler pion L, PPB pCO sae Donor Nails and spikes.......... WERE liste ei'cta site's s i ehalcheatele sretetal aie ave siochgiio dnlleino opb aaa 5 CaS OMS ES ee DEI lta aie alevastw ere doile | aster oer Crater atedl este relamatier evaitatonc 118,273 WPA SS eS eis 52144 ss 0d Ss a's = 39 LO einrsneci meni an eas eS 91,500 SARs tete Me a) a she's e's 5 od aa" 13290 1345 | er ooe ee as GHANEY IES ta oe ete ei eR eae G05) 9,054 (ShU)8 lore rrecicr eat 13,055 85,000 ERGO CR. <3! a's! S's 'a'ereid'a 3 '3's bas sso deimtltcheieiacracat eaters hed Se oii DIBIOID take Pipes Co oho WWerehAtAiIse:: a/.'<2 se5ou e's 15,295 923 | 349,230 ACO et tna t ete nent FOMMESOS. 0) 5's oa Se'ats 62 sd 5°33 12,510 141,412 | 117,266 74, 722 152,350 oral toms? 22's aad. ss". | 120,779 S29 621) "4675961 | ° 1, 9775 151 1,292,670 These figures show correctly the tonnage arriving at and departing from tide-water on the Hudson by canal, and that passing up and down the St. Lawrence canals, during the past year. Upon the Mississippi 804. ANDREWS’ REPORT ON routes the estimates are based upon the best data obtainable. There are no means at hand of estimating with any probable degree of accu- racy the “‘up”’ tonnage of the Mississippi. With these additions, the foliowing table would show the comparative movement upon the dif ferent routes : Comparative statement showmg tonnage and value of merchandise sent from and received at seaboard by way of the New York canals and St. Law- vence and Mississeppe rivers for 1851. Tons. Value. Downward. New York canals... ccccecescccee cee etsee seccsceseoet 1,977,151 $93 , 727, 508 New Work Palln@adsess ee cle silesemieeie sialon ale Se ee 228, 107 11, 405, SOU St. Lawrence..... pete iteetar oie ates Soordooode ce cerccee- 329 , 621 9 153, 580 Mississippi... 0 ccesccccccescseccvcs Sees eels seceeeresoes| 1,292,670 108,051,708 Upward New York canals.......... tee cece cere eevee eas ssecs os 467,961 80,739,893 New York railroads... ...cseececsseccesescrees eyesiehete ais 89,112 44,556,000 St. Lawrence.......++ ste tetaials Ppasoocco sess b Oso be ccc ae 120,779 10,956,793 Mississippi...... aide’ © me Sleidinimo.a/earin cleiniels\e's\c® « © set laiee «ale ehiatarateree eee 38, 874,782 The movement on the Pennsylvania line is not entered in the com- parative statement, because only the through-tonnage, which is sup- posed to be represented by the amount transported over the Portage rail- road, is shown. The amount of this tonnage going east upon this road for 1851 was 13,696 tons, valued at $125,000; total tonnage going west, 10,961 tons, valued at $2,779,731. The tonnage of the public works of Pennsylvania having an eastern direction is “derived chiefly from the produce of the State: which is of great magnitude and im- portance. For this trade there are two outlets—one by the Columbia railroad, and one by the Tide-water canal, the returns of the tonnage of which will be found annexed. Tabular statement showing the value of property recewed at seaboard by the foregoing routes. Years. St. Lawrence. Hudson. Mississippi. WSS cccain cla etkel Bes «0a avotativdveveocepenelens $9, ms 580 $93,927,508 $108,051, 708 TOM Acie re OMe ioe ele wi blee os o's sic: erate (etal ide aunt a tureidvoke ANGE 59,474, 637 106,924,083 PAG okie. acs Mea iatanlay twa /a a aya lalalie el sala alo cell eteueneetre aiaraGlche wore 52,375,521 96,897,873 TBAB ks as acorns POD Copies Hee po cae 50,883,907 81,989, 692 SAG's sia a: AaRRGHe oe Ia/Oe. wae wile! Zslate: ai'evetenn/al Magee Ces fiona Ween 73,092,414 19,779,151 TRS EG S wicarate, msnts ets fees sstais mcaintteye ais: @se,ocimascehe ema temne aitnievan.eratenens 51,105, 256 90,033,256 PS arcs slic. «ate teas wit Sia es a el Sas: idiohave GUeRECada tats wad ocean 45 , 452,321 77,193,464 PAA ec ok aichatevunte ciate ler eiereha Walwre:s wiarerales Bietae a cayeiee’s Si edene 34,183, 167 57,196,122 FB4S osesin we werawe areata wieraera ed ilarers Scheie eee are 28, 453, 408 60,094, 716 A re ied ow mites Gre rotenone atcls: winie os Reel eietemenie‘e « a hac wentahe 99° 751 013 53, 782,054 S/S oe lgaadblicvaledtaPavenetatnt, atatd lal esetbbare lew eiGd a teermerenene 97,225,322 45,716,045 484,924,474 857,658, 164 eral er A COLONIAL AND LAKE TRADE. 805 The movements for the past year upon the St. Lawrence and Portage routes only are given, for the want of convenient data. The down- ward tonnage upon the St. Lawrence canals for 1850 was 212,139, against 329,621 for 1851, upon which the above estimate is made. The tonnage is estimated to correspond in value with the estimated value of similar articles on the Erie canal. Statement of property sent westward from Philadelphia by railroad in 1851. ze Articles. Amount. Agricultural productions not specified.........- Si eeyeieia° coeees pounds.....- 1,422,600 Barley ....+ weeee wind wns wee lei wvrees sis) nyse! Wp isin) «ie, oa) « sfSe lel els PAE lel aintai als ; MOGHIOM ie oi= = 5.00 «5:5 “Sic ace Beco een. ai ataieteselsfayersexciekerils stelehs pounds. ..... 1,631,600 RN oleae) ocho ceeint worsen cela: «)0, aiou «6, = asne/n!eeha ne obi e einiaiciaie.n wininie wi geese 347, 400 Plops..'6. ++. 8 0 bine vieivine weieeiyesiaseesccsssesninecs 526 S50055- dome sieypiets 52,000 Potatoes, .. ++... sae ite ebalettaroxshonse wxsnaue eeveherioakelas Shee BG cise bushels...... 1,788 Mer ai cha/dayeie sleris «esis AST AO ae vidickaxobavis eiecevebvccree een A icacskasekers 661 Tobacco, not manufactured .....0+e000% Seom a5 SCS CR ERC Oe pounds...... 213,500 Lo Bassey Rede ot css aia sjunsiseoleletaansiceihaiaskoysh seeks bushels... <\s\sntisr bit a cbt alee meted Seve; sys; aie cepantelenetee pounds: scianx 3,817, 200 Sader ASLO) ccs lei pth aa a ef EVONE op sisae a weal Shapes mavehs: @-n So: sinniianopenenmalae dO. isinhas ape Dk, 000 AED Wis. Se «-ns 45) viata xh nwdtetere SE eA ot Mie nik inleuie aisinis Fase i) ie 292, 200 TREUEULUUTIES |. 12\ ors ielenie sue eep aisle lanl nicl elaine) eioMeiaia’a(elee.0 syasiia Ae piawiahieiee Go. iciratetes 638, 000 Ge (except lard oil) vetwtuta tile =) +\wrarm wlalectosstare’ <.arsssis\ey Diatsjeisisole\sisi-) 2,122,062 CIS Bp peeeee See ieietetaleeiaiet= aieie 6 «010 .- barrels... os 270. os. 193 22,367 Grindstones .......2006- oeoeid eye ie ele pounds... ane 185, 879 170, 945 219,500 Glassi.... .. Aon Acorn oer BR STO CO yO Oe he oS OEE iaje)s\os via elas. sl'ainberd 182, 236 Hides... 2.24. alavaialusie ola esos ctelsievke oie = OUMG Saha evel she ooleyeioisiale(s| 4uyaiege, suey aas 1,368, 293 PROB ele wines © ctelee.e 23665000055 eeeeesee dO.ese+-| 12,050,837 | 4,658, 855. 1,283, 130 TrouyGrel.: so.) ss.< Scoops 45605 ec eecees dorcel 264 TOOL enc k alee cl cee eee Tron Casting's.....sccceccsreccceseccsces Osetia 2 1,009,498 | 1,072,053 1,854, 261 PRCAAMED 50 oiacce,ares o's « Saeco. 38 stalejle}e's) ao l Osgetotnkene =. actin o fel altro cle tm evefocpeials os 92. 322 MMe eels waa aioe oleic ve 6 0 mine A cae Ackols Hes 562,045 618, 487 656,070 Merchandise not specified.. Beraiet. esvecee dOveeees| 29,701,790 | 30,835,069 | 31,944,140 CRU etapa lais'aie la, “no! se) sien) oO © @O WM @ NORTH 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14, 15 15 814 INDEX. Aggregate tonnage since 1800. ..cssccecccscccccccescareccenetessesceteesene Value of total exports from Canada for 1851.....cssscescccesssccccsecncucces Principal articles and values of imports into Canada by the river St. Lawrence, for Che year LE 5 Tiga ce 5sishnacjase om is (ojeioisieia ln (ol jojace\aaninlle (afeipie(o oko olaieiaiseae Cates Principal articles and values of exports from Canada to other countries, (princi- pally-Great Britaim,) for the year [850.0 «esos s.. si ev> ace cle < acntdeapeaniel Statement exhibiting the natural products, domestic manufactures, and foreign goods imported into the colonies from the United States for 1851......... Aggregate ef colonial imports from Great Britain, the United States, and other COUNTIES LOT PO cece mine's )eloia ot)e/aFera sores oto ee eee eeeeee reer ee eeeeee Se eeesereeeve Necessity of a naval force of the Federal government on the colonial coasts....+« Benefits to the United States from the colonial tradessereossseccncssccessccces Page, INDEX. PAR Teds The deep-sea fisheries—Bay of Fundy, coast of Nova Scotia, Grand Bank of New- foundiand, Guif of St. Lawrence, &c..... skal eter oleretapandisbaralarstelolsiaiatelstlelelalale Hardship of the prohibition to American vessels of fishing within ieee miles of the colonial coasts...sesesceeece axel eyalmialein{a} later sifehc/aie! xelsVale/ steel ajaraya\ efalia)iele ee Benefits which would result from permission to cure fish on the coasts of the pro- TAYE 6 oe Oo AD OG OO OC OOO CIDE CIO O OIG GEO COU GIO COU DEO ComoOrc teooese Peeoe Navisation of the St. Lawrence.....ccccscccsecccsscvescensccssecesscces aids French fisheries at Newfoundland.....scccocccvccccvccenccccccccnccescseeces Law of France granting bounties to the sea fisheries......csscccecccsccccsccces Law of the National Assembly of July 22, 1851... .0scseccnsccccreccescesvoece Bounties to the crew....... paehetagastetertoteeis occ cece neceeccccconssors Seed Bounties on the products of the fisheries ......cccccccscccsevcvccscecsoecs Bounty on cod livers...... eleipiiaNalols.2' s/s ielnioGenloai's| ase nia) sai acwieet wate «= <)a)/ahs encclees _ Effect of the treaty of Paris of 1824.....seeccscrccccsecccsscccesssecsssccces PART II. Pee OeVO Ur LMe 1a KOS). 62s celled tk ele de ceiee ce esceloedteat e@acesee aeagqseoo@etcooeceaeeond Difficulty of obtaining information of the trade and commerce of the lakes....... Necessity of legal provision for obtaining information... .sscccccescccsecscvovce Organization of a statistical office recommended ...... sale alfetele ini en eters tahalntel stale es Benehts of reliable istatistical data cuit cals ste clsiaiaials olelbledisie tele ds sista « sepreideine Sis ehays Reasons why inland navigation requires aid from the public—its influence on na- tional prosperity....0 00... iat skeval ela overated ata slketolpieliatals! ste sbtctete dashain) sla feioilatsls Extent ofthe coast line of lake trade. ..secccccccoeccs Ae aie 15. Se Areciniateiaie NSIS Meo Statistics of measurement of the lakeg......cceccsccecess Rudate sustMeratt: stcvareheten(’s sie Whole traffic of the great lakes for 1851 ....csececeecres tinge Ne. anaes 3 auanshe Difference of amount of traffic in the years 1841 and 185].......ccsceevcees eee Statistics of the steam marine of the United States for 185]...ccseesceceece atetark Distribution of steamers in the basin of the lakes. ....0.ceccecescecrscacssecnes Number of steamers on each lake.......2000 Saas Sree Rctae cre ataletena ohoek arate Population and tonnage of the N. E. States and the N. W. States, with their per GClt, UNCTEASE), Wael siete wideie's dco (dlovabiana sa atnie cyahereic overs CORE Toe LOL Area and population to the square mile of the middle and northwestern States... Entire amount of appropriations by government, to 1851, for the benefit of rivers and harbors since its organization...sese eee AACS eRe nrene cis otnaeece Loss of life and property on the lakes from 1848 to 1851, inclusive... ..ceeeceoes Losses on the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts in 1851......... afar snie te Losses on the lakes of vessels and lives in 1851.....+.ccscccccsccccrscccnecss le Expediency and justice of protection and encouragement to internal navigation and: inland. COMMENCES: ..c0cislseeieles's ses sclesasioscn cece ec ec es ceeecers eee Lake navigation and exports from 1679 to 1851—population, tonnage, &c....e+e. Commerce of Ohio. with the interior by canals, railways, &C..esesseeeeceece mieten Railways to the interior, canals, projected railways, &C.....seeeeseeee plavetdlcte aa Illinois and Michigan canal and Chicago and Galena railroad....... ce ewerences Valuation of real estate and personal property in Cook county from 1847 to 1851, inclusive SPORES TESSCHORLOHA EE SERAABSES HOOP OHO HOSP HPEHAtOBEBE HF OEP RH OBE 816 INDEX. Population and valuation of property of Chicago from 1840 to 1851, inclusive.... Growth of population of the cities of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Buffalo, Oswego, Albany, Chicago, and St. Louis, from 1800 to 1850...... Ratio of increase of population. « o0.0.00,00.00 0.0.0,.00500 600s eesresccevanvensessicens Effects of railroads and canals in increasing and spreading population..ceecceess THE LAKE DISTRICTS. Statistical statements of the Canadian and domestic trade. ..ccescccsccceccesces No. 1.—District of Vermont— Lake Champlain; its length and breadth, islands, affluents, canals, &c.......000 Description of the coasts of Lake Champlain... cecsccceccccsccccccusccccccocs Burlington, the port of entry of the district... 00... ...05ce secs seven sve ecm asalals Aggregate amount of trade and commerce of Lake Champlain in 1851.......... Canadian trade of Vermont for the years 1850 and 1851....c.scescccsncceccses Tonnage in the Canadian trade for 1850 and 1851... ....ccecacrecveccecsseccce Value of produce, domestic and foreign, imported from and exported to Canada.. No. 2.—District of Champlain— Plattsburg, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population, &C...ecccecceceoee Situation of the district, its towns, villages, harbors, &C....ccecccsscccssssoses Canadian trade of the district of Champlain for the years 1850 and 1851........ Tonnage enrolled, June 30, 1851. sie. wwees an civics ov oes e ce es eos selec ewiewie vias ice Imports and exports in American and British vessels..sesccccercecsecerecesecs No. 3.—District of Oswegatchie— Ogdensburg, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, shootin KC. cc evecccace Description of the district, its towns, villages, ports, &C....cecsccccecsccrccces Ogdensburg railroad—important facilities for travel, freight, &...esceccesccces Comparative statistics of imports of the coasting trade of Ogdensburg from 1847 GO: ASSP ViTielusiviels'. ie lelavters's!ele(ee slw ele e/aie dicta) sleisie « eisle, a! dallal al eiwiettelchslersiaieatenata Coastwise exports from 1847 to 1851, inclusive.......scccccessecccrccccesscees Estimated value of imports and exports for the years above named.....ceessecee Inward and outward bound vessels for the years 1850, 1851. ....ecerceccsecsoes Abstract of the number of vessels, tonnage, and men employed upon the same, which entered and cleared from the port of Ogdensburg, distinguishing American from British vessels, during the years 1850 and 1851.........00. Canadian trade in 1851—imports and exports in American and British vessels.... Duty collected on imports in American and British vessels...ecsesceccvescecsece No. 4.—District of Cape Vincent— Cape Vincent, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population, &c.....cceeae Description of the district, its coasts, ports, &C.. cc ecesecweesccisconccucccies 4 Imports and exports to and from Canada in 1850 and 1851......cccsaccscsccces Enrolled tonnage of the district in 1850, 1851........0. Pe Canadian trade—tonnage inward and outward. cecncrcccceccecsccccessccsccece No. 5.—District of Sackett’s Harbor— Sackett’s Harbor, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population, &c......6. Description of the district, coast line, shipping places... ....ececeres coccevecene Situation of the port of Sackett’s Harbor, its advantages, decline in commerce since (L846. ts .stsetelas infsie wlohe mieteletatmrayalencic'e Gnialave aie taieila\’ah ulate 56 /atekoReteneialals Values of the commerce of the district from 1846 to 1851, inclusive..cecceccece Reasons for the decline of commerce in the district........ ih alla ios Mate dats iS ieieinateets Exports coastwise for 1847 and 1851. ..ccccsee.scoeee ia mis tall leiiataieia cltciainieais etm ele Coastwise importations for 1847 and lfc) Meee ke tre et he Enrolled tonnage, steam and sail, for 1850,. 1851, « ».<.0.0 situation 2nd GoMmmeimcecc. ods ee detec es oeede ed tes cele Huron ; its situation ; ship-canal:; commmerce in 1847. .... 0.00 ce evew cesses seucs Milan ; its commerce an aap. oe. Tee oe eS KS IS SAUL LT Wandusky., the port of cntiy ;-iis Day raestod swusiernsisy ca Seoad ceed fa, Redam ees Sandusky City ; distance from Cleveland, Columbus, and Washington ; its situa- TOM. 5 5. o's olduisiatetn aleve clea UES Ee eee rel Jab Betas coe the AE Mad River and Lake Erie railroad ; Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark railway.. 134, 820 INDEX. Total commerce of Sandusky in 1851. .ccesscecncccccecrecercccreccececeeee Quantity of wheat shipped from Sandusky to Canadian ports in 1851....cc..s2e0 Comparative table showing the principal exports from Sandusky for the years 1849, 1850, 1851....... TTC ee ee i ee Fremont 5 its-commerce in 1850; D851 vcicieeein 00.6 weno po.0-t nes eine» --dnelesiselaleeeiats Venice ; its shipments of flour in 1851... .cccccceccccccccccccrcccveccesscence Portage Plaster Bed ; shipments of plaster in 1851......-cscccsccsscsccssecces . Port Clinton ; imports and exports in 1851......cceccccee wee isd ee aja sinnieleiaareiare Kelly’s, Cunningham’s, Put-in Bay ; Perry’s engagement in their vicinity......- Commerce of the district in 1850, 1851 ; entrances and clearances ; increase..c.e. Principal articles of export from the inyportant ports in the district, during the years 1847 and 185]... ccccccccensccessncvcccsccccnccvercscsecascncos Abstract of value of domestic exports of the district te Canada, during the years PSAS FMSAD sh « seaya noid wes whe isetnere o Oe nee e sence creewe eee c ces nes wes eels Canadian trade in 1851; imports and exports in American and British vessels.... Tonnage of American and British vessels, steami and sail..ccesscccerscecsseces Imports coastwise into the district of Sandusky during the year ending Decem- ber 31, 1851...... eleiotefabeieeusjosal nine ietm lessee sieeve ajo ajo’ wajaxnies sie = seal Exports coastwise from the district of Sandusky, during the year ending Decem- ber 31, 1851—destined mostly for the eastern market. ....cvsseecceseeces No. 13.—District of Miami, Ohio— Toledo, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population... ....sseecscececvcce Extent of the district ; ports of Manhattan, Toledo, Maumee, and Perrysburg... Commerce of Perrysburg ; imports and exports....cecccscccecceseccnccscesecs Commerce of Maumee city ; imports and exports...... ok ole estilo w eitawiele ceseace Situation of Toledo ; its advantages. ......seeeee- einai ches im eie'm Gia state miecaliae ete Lines of railroad connecting with Toledo.....-.sscececccrcccescccee Seeeer wee Commerce of Toledo for 1847 and 1851........2.eeecsecoes a eitrenle elated saeietes Enrolled and licensed tonnage for 1851......+0+ gota, 4 win teres Majella wea ee ade we Canadian trade in 1851 ; imports and exports in American and British vessels.... Tonnage, inward and outward, of American and British vessels, steam and sail.. tatement showing the principal articles, their quantity and value, imported coast- wise into the port of Toledo during the year ending December 31, 1851.... Statement of the principal articles, their quantity and value, exported coastwise from the port of Toledo during the year ending December 31, 1851....... No. 14.—District of Detroit— City of Detroit, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population....escoeessee Extent of coast-line of the district.......... uid sieiwlen tia ee bale eleielsnie' &bloeb walesiets Commercial advantages of the State of Michigan. .cssssccecccccssccccnvecces Rivers of Michigan; flour and wheat exported ......cceceeeeese oenescessces ee Monroe; its population; eventual importance for a large amount of trade....... Valuable business of the ports of Gibraltar, Trenton, Port Huron, Newport, and Es SONAR spo po) nnn nm. felipe Vays bbs apecete aloe Reale a Salis vl dine 0 betaine oles bikie eee St. Clair flats; obstacles to the free navigation of the Great Lakes....... eccceee Importance of improvement of the St. Clair flats... 200. .ccseccccscccceve MORSE Fort of Saginaw;, iteexports| of lumber, witieiasisie Ss «oes eeleyee wea eee osecevies Ports of Grand Haven, St. Joseph’s, and New Buffalo, on Lake Michigan...... City of Detroit; its beauty and convenience; distance from Buffalo, Mackinaw, New York, and Washington. .nsciccicis venice avicecsioe sersevee ee Detroit river; cultivation of its shores; agricultural products; fish; game, &c.... Commercial returns of Detroit; imports and exports, coastwise and foreign....+. Tonnage of the port of Detroit; clearances and entrances for 1850, 1851; increase 146 146 146, 147 147 147 148 INDEX. Business of the district in 1847. .cc.ccecsece eeoede @eseseaeoeoessuevooseesceeeeeov0eee eae Great Western railway; the Lake Shore road....ccscscscccccccsccccnvecsecce Enrolled and licensed tonnage of the district for 1851........ceccsceesecrecces _ Canadian trade in 1851—imports and exports in American and British vessels.... Tonnage, inward and outward, of American and British vessels, steam and sail.. Imports coastwise into the port of Detroit during the year 1851, with their value Exports coastwise from the port of Detroit during the year 1851, with their esti- mated Value. .cccccccccscccccscccsscccccscecccscces cos cevccmecscecre Statement of freight carried ever the Michigan Central Railroad during the year ending December 31, 1851, in tons and thousandths....scccosscesccerecs No. 15.—District of Michilimackinac— Mackinaw, the port of entry—latitude, longitude, population.....sssceccseeees Coast-line of the district; the most extensive........ aplaee eaters ete e's bie laia) wate Ba ie The country explored and mapped by French Jesuits two centuries ago.......+. influence on the commercial affairs of this continent; its facilities for navigation; productiveness of its fisheries; resources of its forests...... So nope omer Manitowoc; its population and trade; exports and imports....cecsssscevccsscee Port of Two Rivers; its productions....cecescccecee wSlhaalwictste Sita fatetete et etele aHiCe Commerce of Two Rivers in 1851; imports and exports.....ee..sceeens Dialeteietote Green Bay; improvement of the navigation of Fox river... .seececcsece ova wajstale Fort Crawford; distance from St. Louis, Burlington, Iowa, Galena, Illinois, Du- buque, lowa, Prairie du Chien, St. Paul’s, Minnesota Territory, and the Falls cf St. Anthony..... as eae nde o wlsie occa ania ceielsien se mate eciesee ese Advantages of. inland steam navigation... 661.06 eccccceccssccnencetscivescsoee Business of Green Bay for 1851; imports and exports.......cescccsevccnvccs oe Oconto, Peshtego, and Menomonee rivers; course and trade of the river Me- nomonee ..... sine’ a ele eit etetae ais Sialbg/otelalaltietetavette aire «icleton te amie Bec White Fish, Escanaba, tind Fort rivers... ses ccccevecse's Malai taicuin laine Gailareiole The Monistique river; business of the islands of Lake Michigan....... eecsces ee North and South Manitous; Mormon settlement. ..ceescscsecceecs ree Biers, oteh a Mackinac island; missionary settlement first established by the French Jesuits; Gibraltar of the lakes; war of 1812...cccceccccsccces CADE GE ese ui ears 6 Wratwe of Mackinac;.imports for 1850, 1S5Ie\oc sein cc sv Jose re eeecie see 5550 Se Sault Ste. Marie; distance from Mackinac, Detroit, and Washington......... oe importance and advantages of a ship canal across the Sault Ste. Marie......... Transportation of vessels by horse power over the portage...ceciccecesecseves Facilities and materials for constructing a canal around the rapids...seeseeceeee Wise and prudent policy should the United States government cause the canal to ME COMSEPUCHEd cfalereiieis a\w on =, c'a/a- aie PO eae Se lamtatinnlin, obra alsenja taal ebay ekattniniey weet balaaled Progress of New England mainly caused by the construction of railroads......... Cost of the various lines of public improvements constructed for the purpose of se- curing to Boston the trade of the basin of the St. Lawrence and the west. . Connecticut and Passumpsic, and the Boston, Concord, and Montreal roads; junc- tion with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroads........ Joke peels ‘The Boston and Worcester road; important communication with the central por- tions of the State..... bi lj hei pays a escioh Cpm alia way cies aligiaetaye eno afoaieaseh ated The Boston ana Providence road; popular route to New York.....ce.ceesecces Railroads from Boston eastward; the Boston and Maine and Nastern roads; junc- tion with, the Maimenroads Puree (ete wie iele:aleicteleieve/aiabiavele nih» Cusalays wibie Betiaa ieee Through routes of the State of Massachusetts, the Connecticut River line, Worces- ter and Nashua, Norwich and Worcester, and Providence and Worcester TROIS en od CORRE Cyt ORT aide ie diefar ernie eae CARs adiays so is ein elgieaaa een Providence and Concord railroad, in the State of New Hampshire. ..-e+.secoeee Railroads in Connecticut and Rhode Island— State of Connecticut—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850........sceereecerseee State of Rhode Island—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850... ee..see-eecrecees New York and New Haven, and the New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield roads. The Air-line road ; probability of its completion........ceesceccescscsece veceee The New London and New Haven road; intended connexion with the Norwich and Worcester and Stonington roads........... fia) ebaidal lta peat sini ife epee Most popular routes of travel between Boston and New York. .c+esceccssececs Principal railroads lying in Rhode Island........ SC ee or ee eee Great line following the Connecticut valley; intended extension of the St. Law- reneeand Atlantic raghruad is stun 'sieiminniols cvisinvatiaNamus minutiae nah inkmiacaitiale Page. 245 245 245 246 246 246 247 247 247 247 247 248 248 248 248 249 249 249 INDEX. Railroads in the State of Maine; population of Maine in 1830, 1840, and 1850... Railroad from Portland to Montreal; its advantages.........- siaie avila isie Situle sve ave Public spirit of the citizens of Portland ......cceeceseccncrecereeeetseceres cae Cost of railroad ; subscriptions of the city of Portland by acts of the legislature... Example of the people of Portland worthy of imitation... ......seeeceseesece a Portland, Saco and Portsmouth road...cce.cccsacccccccarcscvves ah stataa ania aie Atlantic and St. Lawrence scheme; stimulus to new efforts... .eccccccctscoece European and North American project....-.eeemseenee wikis aati pak faaeaiwloiele coe Great line of railroad, extending from Bangor, Maine, to Halifax, Nova Scotia.. Kennebec and Portland road, extending from Portland to Augusta........ teseee Projected railroad from Bangor to Lincoln, following the Penobscot river........ State of New Jersey—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850......-..2e.s-s0e. i ahs Railroads of New Jersey ; the Camden and Amboy, and the New Jersey railroads, The New Jersey Central railroad ; proposition to connect it with the Sunbury and Ericiroad:.;aboutto-be commenceds eve Wis. s, o)slarey Wiel We! aerotgne'ss ois sictale Wlisicles elas The Morris and Essex railroad ; importance of extending the read into the Lacka- wanna valley .......ceeeceecce Seateoialat ainda ajaterateieS ek 1a ay ala att leu fata. ole! duvartael « The Union railroad, formerly known as the Patterson, and the Patterson and Ra- AAO GAGS asin: dices cis ove sis uholsv\'aleeialels) aie eviaia'e:'e aie ya's sce @yaisinl® ale e\utele! Wisialewelelate Canals of New Jersey ; the Delaware and Raritan canal .....eseeeeeeceeeeeees Morris and Essex canal, extending from Jersey city to the Delaware river, at PASM do fe foieslisia, aa Varo! Siciaindatatedia’oidlovelalol hon e!sjaln nove aie! Ate o(iel= galas saloate a pias State of Pennsylvania ; population in 1830, 1840, and 1851...........eeeree Ricks The great Pennsylvania line of improvement—railroad and canals.........++... Utility of the line of improvement to the city of Philadelphia............000 ar Susquehanna division of the: Pennsylvania canal.......ccccceccccccrcccecscces Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal..........e.seceeees edaiseiaraehs loreetnd Beaver division of the Pennsylvania canal........ i duenate descents pees ssa layet atone The West Branch canal, from Northumberland to Lockhaven.........eceeeees Unproductiveness of State works of Pennsylvania ; causes of failure .....-e.00. Statement showing the length, cost, total revenue, and expenditures of the public works of Pennsylvania up to January 1, 1852.00... .ccc ccc ercccesnecrsens Private works ; Pennsylvan‘a railroad ; its extent and Cost...-cesscecscevesee ee Advantages as a through route ; favorable character of its western connexions... 5 Importance of the Pennsylvania road to the trade of Philadelphia....-..eeee... Philadelphia and Reading railroad ; its length anftost..... sai tall atcha eaves Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore railroad... ....ccceccscceccccceccces Other railroads in operation in the State...... deeiigets Slkehe.aie aidulal datmloniehorwcaieteiaiata Important works proposed and in propress ...ccsccececccccsccsacccavasccesene The Alleghany Valley road, in progress in the western part of the State ,....ee.« The Hempfield road, in progress, extending from Greensburg to Wheeling...... The Pittsburg and Steubenville road ; to connect with the Steubenville and Indi- AAVAEO APL, ona mings aim'-eaisliar tain wate ata’s ala; 0 tiara) plnie@ dl plosiplele la simialelal'siawinlbeierale «6 State of Delaware—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850.....-scccoersescssecces Whe Newesstleiand, Vrenchtowirailrgad.... « s:cs,< oca'vding wawawasie o.unsletive sehnvie’s Gherapeakeand, Delaware ccanal ss iesamteeieig. 00 = \cisin sicie.cvviatelwley'wie.eis dein oa pine oa aw aloe The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore railroad. ..ees.sscscecccsenceces State of Maryland—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850....ccesseccesecccreces The Baltimore and Ohio railroad ; extent ; estimated cost........ee+ ebsites eaiebuacas Benefits to the city of Baltimore from western trade over the Baltimore and Ohio railroad .. eeseeoeveveon @eceeseee eeereeseeesevaseeds @eteeaoseeoae ee @aeeoeoae eee @eeeoee@ Connexion with the Northwestern railroad and the railroads of Ohio...eeseceres 827 Page. 255 255 256 256 257 257 257 258 298 258 259 259 259 259 828 INDEX. Impcrtance of the local traffic of the road ; the Cumberland coal trade.......... The Baltimore and Susquehanna railroad and its connexions ......essseseseeees Expected benefits to Baltimore from connexion with the Pennsylvania and New York .public works: . os ois's0cuciscneeco ves cse'e ccs sense ses csines.0n6 ane cis The Washington branch of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad......s.cecscscsces The Chesapeake and Ohio cana] ; its original route; stock subscribed by the Uni- ted States, Washington city, Georgetown, Alexandria, and the State of Mea nylamidcuiatein(6 coins ela nvllele/ntsjy/ayatwlvlatal eacelaiwisie etoile cece ec enecccocssscucer Difficulties of construction ; Cumberland coal trade ; capacity of the canal...... State of Virginia—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850......cccecseccerrceceree Great advantages of Virginia for the construction of canals from the waters of the Chesapeake to the river Ohio... ces ee eeeee Sicijaiale:istecolamie platens» Giaep ein alate The James river and Kanawha canal.......cececccnccce ove tinibie cele amiable wg ol Progress of the work; difficulty of completion ...c.cce.ceccesscccccncecccccocs Railroads in Virginia—Central railroad......... seis sovcseee siniatonaite la ee oneal Virginia and Tennessee railroad sc < cciciets' eile siciesis tle clue wf alel ara leleiateran ste idie' eid lavas Extent and course of the road ; favorable prospects of trade. o.ssecceccssccesess Important lines of railroad im Virginia.s. 06s. .cencews tae cee ascltds oe csicsanes s The South Side and the Richmond and Danville roads. ....cccsceccsscccsccece ‘Lhe’ Seaboard and Roanoke railroad. .:si/s:c adic sis te! stteleie wlawie ions >ialateleiaeamintnle The Orange and Alexandria and the Manasses Gap railroads....ccsccscccscecce State of North Carolina—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850........seeccecsces Railroads im North Carolina. ’s).:c sil ssiceein'e sia aie e9 ain: oeielailnlcle oeulete: staleietars aati Wilmington and Weldon road........ Sia iMinlia a slave Balanites etata So eieNe Releta ieee Rewer aamee The Raleigh and Gaston road ; connexion with the North Carolina Central road. The North Carolina Central railroad; junction with the Charlotte and South Carolina railroad.....s. will vale jolla to woud’ wise amteininte clonel eievarmeees aiinie alievava) Wi Sudesh er ata State of South Carolina—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850 .......cecsscecoes The South Carolina railroad. .....-.0e aaa Seihig aera ee ee eS ee eee Oe Coe oe Extent and cost of the road ; junction at Augusta with the Georgia railroad..... The Charleston and Cincinnati railroad ; difficulty of effecting the original scheme The Louisville and Lexington and the Covington and Lexington railroads....... Direct line for a railroad from South Carolina to Cincinnati...... canbe peas arena whe Greenvallevand Colambiasratlnoadia. cis Ssbise oe.c 6e eh nisieue eles teeta cae ae 5 The Charlotte’and ‘South. Carolina |ravlroaduy ws sie< ole oll ete Ueterelele alee a vac ieee eae tees ; The Wilmington and Manchester railroad........+- shat llevar Saar: sladigrohtie eiteiebs The Northeastern road ; junction with the Wilmington and Manchester road.... State of Georgia—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850....... eo eee S avsleeap aie Extent, excellence, and successful management of railroads in Georgia ....+...¢ Causes of failure in portions of the South...... Gi Ree eels s tho Ne coed wee Causes of success of railroads in Georgia .......00+ devavweseee oe cc ec eeerceees Principal roads in operation in Georgia...ecesssceres < we vie's Senn mepeaasale See The Central, the Georgia, and the Macon and Western railroads.....seeseeeeess The Waynesboro’, the Southwestern, the Muscogee, and the Atlanta and La Grange-railroads).scs0s ose sd os die oh # Wi Ediig es wicels Sis Cees eevcesrceveslwe eee Object of the Waynesboro’ road ; communication between Savannah and Georgia. The Southwestern road ; accommodation to the southwestern portion of the State. The Muscogee road ; connexion with the roads in Alabama. .ee.ceccescccsevers The Atlanta and La Grange road ; connecting link with Alabama......seessees Other important roads in Georgia......cccecccecseccres ba aT ees SN aia ie os Railroads proposed and contemplated in Georgia ...essececceesscsecreesvoece State of Florida—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850 ...ccccccceccsscsscccuces Page. 271 272 272 273 273 273 274 274 274 274 275 276 276 277 277 277 278 278 278 278 279 2719 219 279 280 280 281 281 281 282 282 282 283 283 283 283 284 284 284 284 285 285 285 285 286 286 INDEX. [For works of internal improvement in Florida see Appendix, pp. 681 684.] States of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. ...ee..seeeeee stareluliois alaacetd Sweaters Natural and artificial routes of COMMELCE..c.eceeceerecccresssseccars wieacetetal Advantages of a railroad from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Michigan ........... State of Alabama—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850....-.... oe) artis Ristelaisiw sinks Mobile and Ohio railroad ; extent and estimated cost... ee. wobec ala wbiery MS a saci Importance of the railroad to the whole southern country. .ssseseceseeceees sp tes The Alabama and Tennessee River railroad ; connexion with the Nashville and + Chattanooga road....csecccecccassesccrscccceres aie Slexatiasl aici aiersiiotsiaye . The Alabama Central railroad, an extension of the Mississippi Southern railroad. Connexion with the Montgomery and West Point road ; importance as a through Hine Of travels ss o's a's eivsiccieieics ce ow tas ahevaldele be alietin/erep Sere etel ny'a'e. ecw are ot swish arias The Girard railroad ; an important extension of the Muscogee and the Georgia system of railroads. .ccccsceccsecensccccccssescrces a wiete laiia’e sc ceeecevece The Memphis and Charleston railroad ; its route and estimated cost.....- iisalaides Advantages of the Memphis and Charleston railroad as an outlet for a portion of the Tennessee valley....ccecsvectesacccccecenecesevercs sacs cvasisic sie see The Montgomery and West Point railroad; its important position to the great through line of travel between the North and the South. .......e.ee. eee State of Mississippi—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850 .....eccccreccesee siaeate The Southern railroad ; its extent and intended route..... gh spayes re iebets ile ate Proposed lines of road in Mississippi; the New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern railroad ceoeececer ccc ee eestoosseece Scr eeeeereresreeestesece eve eccececesxrceee ee The Mississippi Central railroad ; proposed junction with the Mobile and Ohio FORE! Kcie eubaiticlsiwiatahetostase as aainelavers Be CARS hes ayehaheR es. ca Seereralceemeetceaisiotaye Proposed road through the northern part of the State ....swecscsscccccrecesee State of Louisiana—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850 ...........006 Lrcaleticisherata Awakened interest of the people of New Orleans to the importance of railroads.. The New Orleans and Nashville railroad ; intended connexion with railroads South aM VVESE pales lore a ciesl steeecensseess slew eveee ava leatala ini ale ars ania) aval mieletoneve The New Orleans and Cpelousas railroad ; country traversed in its route........ Influence of railroads upon commerce ; superiority of artificial to natural channels. Constitution of the State remodelled ; extension of aid to railroad projects...... “ State of Texas-—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850..... Sralsbs chanteetavalehahaleeiaatahe . Proposed road from Galveston to the Red river, westward of the New Orleans and Opelousastravraad aGicc's.'s Ja erse ine: Hay Pateiete ahahaha elous: aledeans wi taisieleiaanets Proposed road to traverse the State from east to west. ..e.eecscesses sowiee eee oe ther projected railroads in the State of Texas..... SrSVslere ala a aie alisllawahitalere & sesees State of Arkansas—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850..... isleieie oahu inelalaee oles eiie Inability to construct railroads from scantiness of population........eeses0% coos Proposed railroads in the State of Arkansas..... alos satclacle Giro wale Sibiaiataiecaieow State of Tennessee—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850....... ie tateaieexelevats ate ais Assistance to railroad companies from the State ........- ear wl etllens oe ua te aeie) alatels eee The Nashville and Chattanooga railroad ; important connecting link between the Northern and Southern States.......... dik oie abana ss pe reia's a waeielel afase toe _Railroads of Tennessee ; extent of country traversed by them...... siesta bts East Tennessee and Georgia railroad ; its commencement and terminus........- East Tennessee and Virginia railroad ; its profitable use dependant on connexion with other roads.......... of Getta el gina Sava ia. Snack NSIC ites sia Sina Wats oa alelnle . The Tennessee and Alabama road ; to connect with the Nashville and Chatta- nooga, BG's, aa erdalahctota relates Bo. bua. mye» i6.ase ol oe nivionn ooh Proposed railroads in Indiana ; their importance to the comrnercial prosperity of eM ie ail aca walls -cifoiee ous GMa lsncane eget datas thea eels ‘ca \alvikc! v= so) s'oleislate ale slp ianei a State of Michigan—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850......... 00. cc eeeeeveees The Michigan central railroad ; its extent and route; great importance to the PBMC er ailcie wiciore]dua joe. o,/s\oiai ojdia.oip, ojefeteyel'e) anidhejooials spa Siajoje(dieiai a aaia, 4 diulepam area ere The Michigan Southern railroad ; seld to a private cornpany.......ccedsecesees Connexion of the Michigan Southern and Indiana Northern railroads; favorable PUOSPCCUSOl SUCCESSice 104 an. nia sl0)ne o's 6 dies alfe's Wajace aeieie ese ged dd ésscae edie Projected railroad from Green Bay to Lake Superior... ....06éeccccdscececcecs State of [linois—population 1830, 1840, and 1850........... ccc eeesees Spied The Illinois and Michigan canal ; its extent and capacity... 26s. ce secesusscece Impulse to the growth and trade of Chicago by the business of the canal........ Railroads in Ulinois; system of improvements first proposed by the State....... Commercial advantages of the State of Hlinoiss...s.c6esceereeese oe tenet ewan The eity of Chicago, the centre of the railroad system of the State.....ss..cees The Hlineis Cental railroad ; its great extent ; grants of lands by the general gov- ECINMENE oo cee cs ceed cece cade c cece ded dese rran detec deseraedessscssssos The Galena and Chicago railroad ; junction with the Ulinois Central railroad.... The Rock Island and Chicago railroad ; connecting Chicage with the head of Daw oaiaGny Ont he lImois) PAVE sss aaa w ayesrace slays tole so¢ox, lo] ¥\n) 4s eta raj at 9/0! eiaiae The Peoria and Oquawka railroad ; proposed extension to Lafayette, or Logans- POU Uapere) 0 late ve Jwice onions imo ole hsliriaflsjaileiorle: Ge hePace en wap) ais didie'yiil wim wieiu)s, elwe siwlokelinai'n, w/e ene The Northern Cross railroad ; commencing at Quincy and extending to the In- dianaistate-line, near Danville...) jefe oie. . wiesiele 2 tase elee o's aebthincals siailee\ diese The Alton and Sangamon railroad ; outlet from the central portions of the State to the’ Mississippi.......... Wei acon Joni ge 2 arta ne eee eee bee oe The Atlantic and Mississippi railroad; the only link wanting to complete the chain of railroads from the Atlantic to the Mississippi...... BABA oe SHORE The Terre Haute and Alton railroad ; to promote the increase of the city of Alton Proposed railroad from Mount Carmel, on the Illinois river, to Alton..........0- State of Missouri—population in 1830, 1840, 1850. ...... 02sec cee eee ree cceeece Aid from the State to construct railroads ; terms on which it was granted....... The Pacific and Hannibal and St. Joseph’s railroads ; amourit of loans voted to ECM eRe era o,elare ae onetime eee daa cies coco ema ore Oe Coeds cisten sete on State of Wisconsin—population in 1830, 1840, and 1850....... ee eeehenas iets tele The Milwaukie and Mississippi railrodd ; its extent and toute; description of COMMIS OHA VIC TSE Cig calwre es ory 5 Lease let 6) fac e\a | doeeso Ie ale ap wiere oe cis: e.2'¢alenwse aia The Fond du Lae and Rock River Valley railroad ; contemplated extension to the westernJextremity of ake: SiperiGts.. :. 6.04; s:p:de sie cp velo 06» ane ay ah serait iar ate Works in progress for uniting the Wisconsin and Fox rivers bya canal......... state of lowa—population in 1840 and. 18505 0.0.0.2 ee wice cee deen cee ade menees Probability of the early construction of railroads in the State. .csccscoveccrovees 324 324 325 325 325 329 326 326 32 327 328 388 832 INDEX. Proposed railroads in Iowa ; from Rock Island to Council Bluffs ; from Dubuque to Keokuk ; from Burlington to the Missouri river. .......ccceeseeccnces RAILROADS IN THE BRITISH PROVINCES. Brief notice-ot the provincial FailrOads. a0 ce.c'e-o «as oes e410 stiecinsle «no n\sleman/sieieaie The St. Lawrence and Atlantic railroad ; connexion with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroad ; winter outlet for the trade of Montreal... .cerccccece The Quebec and Richmond railroad ; to unite the city of Quebec with Montreal. Proposed work extending from Montreal to Hamilton... ..-.cccecsesccerceccece The Great Western railroad ; its extent and nature of country traversed......+. The Buffalo and Brantford railroad; Buffalo the best market for the Canadian PENINSUa .. cee rvcecvenccccsreeacscccsessss cea ebercsccecsrrasesesese The Toronto and Lake Huron railroad; the shortest line to Lake Superior or Take Michigan. <.10:< v0 ese 0:01as'n 6, eislnis dic eis wa 5)b 0105 © sinin’a’s os.clalujeieage eeeite The Lower Provinces—the European and North American railroad......e.eecs Project for a railroad from Halifax to Quebec... ceccseccsesncceccecccccsccsene ECCNOMICAL VIEW OF THE RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES. Occupied area of territory east of the Rocky mountains...ccccessccscccccsccces Amount of square miles devoted to agriculture ; amount devoted to manufactures ANd COMMETCE <0 - ae aiSlevde s exe w belpiethelalviw ‘ele stele euie alee 'siblouelenyajelataare Oye ealolade Necessity of internal imprevements for the transportation of produce ; economical superiority of railroads...cecsscccssccsccceccsncevccracsescascessssove Statement showing the value of a ton of wheat, and one of corn, at given points from market, as affected by cost of transportation by railroad, and over the OTEiMaryerOdd serie clean! sia So'e wea» Sledie oan eje ole vacelecetulnidics sislelelae wieln els wie Increased. value of lands-effected by railroads... 6.6. scsi ss tacies. ct evs cemnre ss == Saving effected by railroads in the cost of transportation add to the means of the PCOPle. .ceccccserce rece ceccscccccsccccrccsccssrecsccvccsecsscsseccas Great influence exerted by railroads on the value of property......cessccececece Comparison of the benefits of railroads in the United States with those of railroads jin “Bn land tarciate: cig wicintel’n’ elate a evakess/ic'c stale re aide biete’ ole /s (apmisa/ipiete eile eat alates Actual increase in the value of lands approximately estimated. ....eccecscccsece Great increase in the value of coal or iron lands by the use of railroads.......0. Probable profitable connexion of the coal-fields of Alabama with the Gulf of Mexitoxe feo Sodeed ier ee eo BLS PS aro ed ne eee INCOME OF OUR RAILROADS. Reasons why railroads are beneficial to the productive portions of the country.... Advantages of railroads to new States...sccsscesccccnccccesnesecs 06 010,40 \e"e oni Cost, expenses, and income of all the railroads in the State of Massachusetts for four years previoustto January 1, 1852..cacececcccccncccsencecnsccasece The most productive railroads in Massachusetts are those connecting manufac- turing and commercial towns... ....c 0c eines s/cos 00 so ns o0 cess oe aM ema sinle Greater profits on the western and southern than on the eastern roads.......eeee MODE OF CONSTRUCTION. The construction of a railroad creates opportunities for investment....eeecsecees Readiness of foreign capitalists to loan money on American railroads.......eseees Credits furnished by municipal bodies the last to be resorted to..secseccscccreve 330 330 330 330 331 331 331 332 333 333 334 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 338 339 339 INDEX. Comparison of the earnings of our railroads with the sum necessary to meet the interest on the ]oans......sccccccccccreccasscnsscecccscscssrevsscnces Gross and net earnings of several new roads. .sccsesececevccce: alle aelelwlelclenye svelte Cost of railroads in the United States; difficulty of arriving at the exact cost of roads, excepting in the States of Massachusetts and New York........ce. Cost of railroads dependent on the character of the country through which they ESE NCAE CC O> > ODT OCHIAI BOC AD POCO CO ORT. OICSOIS ALAC ODOR AAO ODORS OR CODD OO a Railroads in the eastern States more expensive in construction than those in the pUesoutmernor Westerm StAles ui. 5 ces clas cieee « ofaielsieies «ase 0 oj eine = ol sa se ale) site Average cost of roads in the eastern States, including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland... ccccsccccenccsccrccccisercscccscrencce Great extent of railroad in Georgia, compared with other southern States....... Statement showing the number of miles of railroad in progress and in operation in the United States eweaeegeosenvrese@eetbeaeeeonegeovueHevnevereeseeoersee se Fae a) PART V. CANADA. Area in acres; Canada East, Canada West ; population in 1851]....ccscenseeeve Importance of Canada from its geographical and commercial position.......eee. Extremes of climate in Hastern Canada.....c.cccscscesee sale etal staltie\ e/ateletelalchevaets Eastern Canada the white-pine-bearing zone of North America.....-.......6. ae Western Canada; its mild climate; favorable field for agriculture, horticulture, KC. acs accccsers feta tniohes aiis/e aloleictet shalalellol sledatc\slefalnioleliclelalelelctela\isieielsl/antatels ts Berane Muitary position Of Canadas osc. ss, 0s 0 ne on c's « a\elsie'e siecle) se ule elv vie o's om ees Reference to the map of Thomas C. Keefer, esq., of the eet of the St. Law- rence eoeeererexneoeovseeevevseve SSG te ovoeevetanaeenevovee ese 8 Fe euvusrtvesven eevee COMMERCE OF CANADA. The St. Lawrence the only outlet of Canada at the close of the last century..... Keefer’s Prize Essay upon the Canals of Canada—extracts...ce.sesecccsecrcece Colonial policy of the British government previous to 1846.......cseccecscccece Legislative union of the two provinces in 1841. ...c...scceccccccnsreccccrccene Exports of flour and wheat from Canada West to New York in 1850.......-.... Statement showing the relative export of Canadian flour and wheat inland and by sea in 1850 and 1851........ ob die OBB cos cotdoddronoonodo gobo nc SH oon Statement showing the amount of Canadian flour and wheat imported, the amount bonded for exportation, and the amount entered for consumption TATU ZH he eatery ta Sacer ene cove Manan eae tare RE OIE eo. 0G ORE Oe eats SORTASE a Be Eesha eo ictely INTERCOLONIAL TRADE. fixport of flour from Canada, by sea, to the British North American colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, since 1844...........4. Amount exported to these colonies, in bond, through New York and Boston in TSO Paves ai sitosenta Apsley ere RENEE Sel aplapetioiel so\/= felis ef satata icles <\=lexei« n'o) etalete wi siaiiain) » Substitution of Canadian for American flour in the ‘‘lower colonies’”’.........e. Imports of sugar vntoyCaniada im lOaE.peye trates » 0.4% «creed nos cies 'siniey ve? weretiaeieln @ Value of sugar imported by sea into Canada, in 1851.,..., 0.0.22 eee. +e aisle 0 olen 53 355 355—397 358 834 INDEX. Imports of sugar into Canada from the British North American colonies in 1849, 1850, and 1851...... sie teiese eh clieinfairatieteove ete al'ateletslesvatiaVelatels ea: ne -aiake niin ginal THE COMMERCIAL PORTS OF CANADA. The city of Quebec—latitude, longitude, and population in 185]........se2e.c0. Deseription of the harbor of Quebee ss 22 Saie. sc cis s'sias ¢ oles e ole « ss 1¢ aint atone Tonnage inward and outward, by sea, from Quebec and Montreal, for 1851..... Drawbacks to ocean steam navigation.......... Abd oose So akoans wees sle pisereie eens Sea-trade of Canada—timber trade of the COUNLTYAM lan G ee a\ciesa ie soe cree Number and tonnage of vessels inward and outward in Quebec, with the export of white pine timber from 1844 to 1851, inclusive.......... slcia ete adieatclataistarets Statement of imports at the port of Quebec from 1841 to 1851, inclusive......... Progress of exports inland for,the years 1849, 1850, 1851....... slelea'ete sie soln aise : Increase of the trade of Quebec ; advantages from depth of water.........0e.0.. Gross trade of the ports of Montreal and Quebec ; imports and exports for 1851.. Ship-building in Quebec ; number and cost of vessels built..........2.. ageloisiene Trade and tonnage of Quebec and Montreal for the years 1850 and 1851]....... : Value of exports to the colonies by sea and via the United States, for the years 1849, 1WG505 and 1851 (oe oe es ence ce ean on oe ©) efi e\nia; se) xiclint a) eaeiatoe aia eaene Summary of the sea and inland trade of Canada, contracted for 1851 ; imports and EXPOTtS.. cece srescccseccnccccccce sree cesses sree c ese ccesersscesvese a Imports entered at inland ports compared with those entered at Montreal and QuUebeCiccwrerc rut 's 01 sr Beereeliaie s Siatesioreiaiats as wisle ei atte's teto,-osi 5) sla mtae fereretete Sere mare Value of imports from the colonies and ‘‘ other foreign countries ’’..........000- Arrival of foreign vessels at Quebec in the years 1850, 1851........ee.se0.0e ee Port of Montreal—latitude, longitude,.and population in 1851.................. Advantageous position for inland commerce... 52.7.2. 2. oe ens wee eclnme one aie eels Description of the quays of Montreal ; protection against the ice of winter and SPU ve nieve winks o\ecinclen ole!aie\on se) civinete) cir) enc) a ence) se) niin ©) + steko iattetetaetatetetete Large and fertile islands contiguous to the city of Montreal........... oleae ass Sea tonnage of the port of Montreal for the years 1850,.1851........-22.c2eeeee Progressive value of imports and duties collected from 1848 to 1851, inclusive.... Progressive value of exports, by sea and inland, from 1848 to 1851, inclusive.... Countries imported from and the value of imports for 1851............see00.- es Trade between Montreal and the lower colonies ; value of imports and exports.. Imports and exports at Montreal and St. John from the United States for the years PSAOS TSD0, ACO lee pe sope ole rsiae) o\aiaeleapeialepasaele« Osa CARIES ES 55 ea ee aisle ee Statement showing the imports from, and exports to, Canada for the year 1851.. Intercourse between Canada and the United States ; tonnage inward and outward MAL Sp ete hetelno hotell aVeupelalela is einialsjc/oe. ealaialeln woiele satan iateneenneal Progress of the inland ports, shown by the values on imports from 1848 to 1851, IMCIUSIVE. <\ eves sistas «le sclés so oe esleieletttulnis ele «ele s-elclevslelosiatele sien) e, orataiwat=! eatenet Principal inland ports upon Lakes Erie and Ontario, the St. Lawrence, and in Lower Catiatda 0 state ec veel ste ta ans ferelistl Wins alain cin biG! oelidje lei Whetowiats: stbtesialetare Dutiable imports (principal articles) into Canada from the United States in 1851. Exports (principal articles) from Canada to the United States in 1851........... .Statement showing Canadian produce, &c., received in bond at New York and Posto 1 “WSO s eisai Leer aw es sea et ebietid Vieralae atetele Selects kic cate rete Meiete enenEnG Page. INDEX. Value of goods transported in bond to Canada from New York and Boston in 1851. Canadian wheat and flour received and exported at New York in the years 1849, Export of flour and wheat from the United States to the British North American DOL Sa GE'S = SSR SRE So ec con Se on nen Dns Sooper enn fo Comparative export of Canadian and American flour to the lower colonies from eaPURPRE eRe a EOIN ELS TVG) a ale ay a) oc fain, ce Ve o:lainve. a? a nisjonehe ‘avs. «lim a.etie epee m cuaginvalciaia Statement of the trade of Canada with all the countries for the years 1849, 1850, PRT UMN are Ea. cei arsc. ie wales a) 0 Ws /suave ‘oe skal axb,'e aia, 5 is. ica ou Se wa ake jo 6a osoneesartauiede SRMUMAC AV AlIELOL IMNPOTIS ANG EX POLSes,» « oa.es.einjom ajo avie o2v'e 60 doe ween oeatisins Value of transit goods for the United States; value of ships built for sale at eeerer COstiOf Ma ViGAOM se «ace a%e.oleny o tt/ajastexsjeicteleuestaaids, =, s,6:013 Bite sois Lawtence, canal; rate of tolls pen, LO... 0.0500 0j0 aces) + 0 nheyeiatis) oye Bisisn odie Projected construction of a ship-canal from the St. Lawrence to Lake Champlain by the Canadian government...............-. wi sishofelian mielia/itien laitilelpl« oie calalcle Progress of leading articles of up and down freigut on the Welland canal in 1850 PREC DI tata a Vale alle nan, fa\inie\ias cues, 0) «6 Hoe HAS aero OseMO ae rN OnE ao mea St. Lawrence canal; comparative movement of leading articles for 1850 and 1851; up and down trade....... sheteWokar"stchiale) «sin jaiettanirtalo lanai (a ob sintns cbt ala. ane) ciakeieaoisyenake Vessels which passed the several canals during the year 1851, British and Ame- eee oa a os eye ahs fa ala) nes BES A ea ae Shea eleee es Total movement on the canals for 1851 and three years previous ; the Welland Gini soawrence, canal, Chambly canals. 16 6. 0, . cissic «o's /a/alelelate onrsjo.,aie Receipts and expenses of 1851; gross tolls of the Welland and St. Lawrence canals Reduction of tolls on the canals from 1845 to 1852. ......2..2seeceedeccseccces Amount of railroad iron which reached Lake Erie by canals in 1851....... 2.26. Influence of the Welland canal on western tonnage... ...0...ccceecccecsecccces Effect of the Canadian navigation on the imports of the western States.......... The Magdalen islands—Amherst island; distance from Newfoundland and 2 TEDED LER Gee piooec a oer So romces co ep ood Son ono 5 SANGOOn erie mic bye de Excellence of the fisheries around the Magdalen islands. ...........sesceescees : Statement exhibiting the number of American and foreign vessels, and also their tonnage, employed in the trade between the United States and Canada, which entered in and cleared from the lake ports annually, from, 1833 to rs a eae ISS Pear c olitio clo, ole shod: os Bip Wane MOE oiler Mangia ant Shey aroha kee cpa Comparative statement of the total ‘‘ movement ’’ of property on the Welland, St. Lawrence, Chambly, and Burlington bay canals, and St. Anne’s Lock, for the year 185) and three years preceding. «« « < oe ojs.04 00 vane aisine ae an ohn om a.0i0 Statement showing the value of imports into Canada, at each port, in 1851, with the countries from whence and the route by which imported............. Statement showing the value of exports from Canada, at each port, in 1851, with bie eamiltries, £0 Wy MICH CxaAOIPeMIN a « oo. .c:0)js ial o) aioe lp a\eheliy a0) 0 ok «ohn nung ania - Comperative statement of imports inland, via United States, with imports by sea, via St. Lawrence, 1851, distinguishing the principal articles............. Value of direct imports from sea at inland ports, via the St. Lawrence, in 1851.. Comparative statement of imports of leading articles into Canada in 1850-51, showing the countries from whence imported.......... Ea ache GREE Comparative statement, showing the total value of imports and exports, at each port, in Canada, in the years [850'and 1851. .... 1.2.02 ce cece es cvencsoes 391, 393, 396, 389 390 836 INDEX. Page. Comparative statement of exports inland and by sea from Canada in 1851, show- ine the: principal articles... evs «0 c\eie el em elelclnple anialets ols = «5 alale ie tet ‘ 406 Statement showing the value of imports, dutiable and free, into Canada from the United States, the amount of duties collected, the total value of exports, and the tonnage, steam and sail, inward and outward, at each port, in [hoe i AeicSS NCAR eC G SO LOR Cac BOND HOS BOSME ROA UA AGA SSB Sec - - seeeee 401—403 Comparative statement of the quantity and value of the principal articles of Cana- dian produce and manufacture exported during the years 1850 and 1851, and indicating to what country exported... ...c.ccccccccccseccenesstsane 404—4]1 Statement showing the value of the leading dutiable articles imported into Canada from the United States, at each port, in 1851.......-.. 2 cesses wins cle — eels Statement showing the quantity and value of the principal articles exported from Canada to the United States, at each port, in 1851. ...........-s00eeeees 414, 415 Exports of the principal articles of Canadian produce and manufacture to the Uni- ted States, by inland routes, in the year 1850... 2.2... 656s cece ccc eccses « , 216, 207 General statement showing imports into the port of Gaspé for the year ending January 5, 1852, distinguishing the countries from whence and the route by wWehielr TaOMte rs « c 10 crevices cya aiepere cies eher Seskain meses sais EOD Oe ONL oa peor ao on Quantities of cattle owned and crops raised in the counties bordering the St. John in the year 1850.0... ccs scene saaccces te eevee ccsscusecee epee taleeiecars Value of hackmatac timber for ship building... 2.2... csc cceeeceeeces Se oeacr see Sketch of the early history, geology, mineralogy, and topography of the British provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, by Charles T. Jackson, M. D. Observations on the geological resources of the province of New Brunswick..... Description of the fossil fishes of the Albert coal mine...... BORE SE BADIA a5 Description of the scales of fossil fishes from the Albert coal mine, with analysis 2 GV GST GE BRASS SO GrOe On Sapo Seto or QeES Ar Soo see sone een enc ee gone Description of the scales of Palconisci from the shales of the Albert coal mine... List of the fossil plants found in the shales of the Albert coal mine..........00- : Agricultural resources of New Brunswick and of Nova Scotia...........4+ en ane Crops of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ; cereals best adapted to its soil...... PARTE Vil: NOVA SCOTIA. Capretty and sifety of its harbors. 20% sssoneen cece @be whale{fishery of New«oume land). <3 e.citecgesaein= 8:6 @ etoueie == 6 mecie o0) sits = ania nee Benefits of free trade between the different States. ..........escceseaceccsscces Imports and exports, and tonnage inward and outward, of the principal commer- cial or Atlantic States, for the years 1825, 1840, and 1851............... Advantages to internal commerce from the connexion of the lakes with the Mis- sissippi river by the constructicn of railroads and canals...........-e.e0e Notes on the amount and tendency of Ohio commerce..........seeeecessscccce Amount of leading articles on the Miami canal. . 2.0.2. csc cesenc ce cncceccsnccus The Ohio canal, 1851; Muskingum improvement, 1851. ......-.ccccecccssece Aggregates of the receipts, in leading articles of domestic produce, at the lake and RAS) OWA nena sn eoicic cleveoim nae cid wa,e/siibiniecinia © s a0 po «0 =» olsiee oie mimieeeatele Imports of lumber from the exterior to the interior ports. .......0.eccsscccscess Comparative value of the exporis of Ohio......,..... Gwve oe epahea patella eee Consumption of flour, and wheat reduced to flour, in Ohio, in the years 1850 and DSB Mei eines bietele eae ote Ts Og ico 2 Aer oa Diemiahaieve os ce e\elisinc’aits acheter General summary of animal provisions of Ohio, for 1851............-. asd (ere Exhibit of the entire exports of the most important articles of domestic produce of Divers ford Mer iie area tee stinks (Sls so seer Sia lo os so Js F cip’ wale UN IRS ae hie tae Exports of Cincinnati for 1845 and 1850, with the per cent. of increase........- Table of manufactures in Cincinnati for 1840 and 1850, with their increase per cent .....66. coe eee cece ec ee cre sce esscsreces cece cen c enn e sce ccccves Destination of the principal articles of export at Cincinnati......eeresceeceeeee Page. 613 614 615 615 616 617 618 618 619 620, 621 622 627, 628 628 629 629 630 INDEX. Description of the city of Cincinnati, Ohio; its latitude and iongitude; rapid in- crease of population ......ecccecscsescses be ec ee ee eee cece eee entrees ee Commerce of the port of Cincinnati; imports into Cincinnati, from all sources, PRGA ESA 1 LORE | ATACLUSIVG) cutteiep Go sistieveis oscyads eyes asiades devefspease yates’ wake slayer Statement of the principal articles of export from Cincinnati by all land and water routes for the years 1847 to 1852, inclusive... ....eccesereccecesccsevces Description of the city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; its latitude, longitude, and population ; distances from Baltimore, Philadelphia, Harrisburg, and Wash- 4 INGLON. we ee erecces eee erence eroees bese cereecee eee cerccceenes ee seeee Coal and iron ores ; increase in manufactures and wealth by their close proximity... Canal connexions of Pittsburg ; important railway projects.sececsececsecescees Manufactures of Alleghany county in 1850......0. aiaisiwknin\epseieterselemi= Hoc easo- Unreliable nature of census returns ...... Boece ioe aisracinie Sietalsi aia ai ae ee 6 Manufactures of iron, glassware, &c ........ aitaye ey auch apeus’e Ree Gee pabnkeks yopeyee im Comparative statement, exhibiting the exports by canal of some of the leading articles during three seasons, viz., 1846, 1847, 1852 ....... Se ouskere ayers slain Comparative statement, showing some of the leading articles imported into Pitis- burg by canal during the years 1846, 1847, ard 1852.....sseecesscssseee Statement showing the imports and exports by canals at Pittsburg during the year ending December 31, 1852 .....eseeseoeee e oistohai wie Be aa OOce oe eseccee Description of the city of Louisville, Kentucky; its commercial advantages .... Growth and population of Louisville from 1800 to 1850, inclusive......cesseee Commerce of Louisville; groceries, dry goods, hardware, &C.....cscccecccrece Pork husiness; steamboats and Mavis atiOM: 2.00 sc 10,00) o 00,4,0.0.5 savccicw accedcens Principal manufactures of Louisville ; aggregate amount. .ecc-secsscecreccces . Railroads connecting Louisville with other cities........ wees wre e cen teccescees Valuation of the cities of St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Louisville in 1850 ........- Description of the city of St. Louis, Missouri; its great advantages for inland COMMEICE .o oe cesee Sesse cote eee e cere senceens eae acre ceecsecoe Comparative statement of some of the principal articles landed at St. Louis during six years ending December 31, 1851....csrecsccsccessccsscccces sesees Table exhibiting the number and tonnage of boats arriving at St. Louis during the years 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, and 1851....... pleut mina Ae sveter dh (cloteuoxsicleis Statement of the foreign commerce of St. Louis, consisting of importations..... Amount of hospital] money collected at the port of St. Louis........-sseesee0e . Amount of duties collected at St. Louis .....e2.... ee PNaieiatese tales; oi ata) oyurel aves sentic 6 Hospital money expended in relief to sick and disabled boatmen...........0ee0 Steam-marine of the interior....cccecccccces teenie: csietces Sencar alajclsteye culate alele Steam-marine of the Mississippi valley ........6. Seo ee Ssc choses Selecta teseetaiare eeam-imarine: Of the Oi DASii qo 0:<:0's'0\c\d:cfuttele slesie.cleg ism osjeistslajeaieje sipiebisie F Aggregate summary of the entire strength of the steam-marine of the lakes and rivers of the interior. .'o< 22 660s. olalee atabetntelda tok lb ale lake towed tet valastereictel aciaicla ai | Labular statement of steamers onthe rivers: . : oa funn hiah aes ae aerias aie PRT COMER DESO AE piss eg rc Re er ee ene WAS AER GAN SE RANE OPER GAR HER USE WIPE IE 6 FALN a OE ba ae eres Bee te eh Diora Cent eee Yo paprowe up eS OL CE Fa tel we gg Le Pine Dr ota y Coren rhe coy ere oT Ere Font eh as SEA rata AND S gee AS Sale A ey van NAMA NAD ORE EE! Pees ASME RS ae a eS COST Seat a rAet TE Foe USES Fed ae eoeeeeta isnt mnnuiaet SRA aha hay tien Seo ads Sie tee waite SAAN alld ab Siesta TPO gaarnss eMEB o AD Aya hae Vie SUI OU aT OT Nt aera wate! POR ee a SRA etek WAN Dean JAR ee ree gwe Pa ny an ee ee ee eee ea} EOD ION HERON URAL AOE E EFAS FEC SNE ROM RU 46g FU OG eed OFF BORO ato Lele we a Fale, Ptah a wil bee ras DDI Ve RE EINE gre TI ed ta. PTE REED tre $e RE ~ " iy OL Oa ge ETN Ng peas CASA Up MND SIS VAT PPM EE PUT OEE aes FFE NANA Tie rare gets! aay SELLE DIRE RT Ct OT NS Se RAS c ERM Boe AY OAT Ups Sale dp oye A REA Ny SANIT Sp Vg eng LDP RATED THLE Pepper Werner Etats Me rere ONC Te ee ie olla ek Sia LE ol etal BEE 0 Tin iy MEER Nea eR RD DEE Ee UA Be MLE AA SE 8 OSE ONE TEE 3 LOBE DO Ope Pa SE gets AOA ESS OR ete at age Fa Fy Diet NES Ot EP ORs aN Re a Ope ve acai es NT ER a te ee Shun te walt Ee) wegen = EERE Len WL A bem AN Seg SNP Gy eed CR gee GE Rieke Fas FOE TU SOT PAGM DM yeas UO BEA Adena sey Ch ace Wea ena Saree in ems ae ES ydwn shay eT ae eed) Ve Rede SE WE Ei OL gm A CR de bo ONS PM RPL W viele aN oF jn ego ED my i - eoeue Pa rors) vient WR WD DR Quel fits ete Gn Len a8 88m OM b Sa TTAWY paints wien