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COMMUNIST THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
HEARING
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE
ADMINISTEATION OF THE INTEKNAL SECURITY
ACT AND OTHEE INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS
OF THE
COMMITTEE ^N^ THE JUDICIARY UMTilD STATES SEMTE
EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION
PART 8A
MAY 9, 1960
Printed for the use of the Ck)mmittee on the Judiciary
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 43354 0 WASHINGTON : 1960
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee OLIN D. JOHNSTON, Soutii Carolina THOMAS C. HENNINGS, Jr., Missouri JOHN L. McCLEI^LAN, Arkansas JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY, Wyoming SAM J. ERVIN, Jr., North Carolina JOHN A. CARROLL, Colorado THOMAS J. DODD, Cennecticut PHILIP A. HART, Michigan
ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska KENNETH B. KEATING, New York NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire
Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut, Vice Chairman OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
SAM J. ERVIN, Jr., North Carolina KENNETH B. KEATING, New York
NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire J. G. SouRwiNE, Counsel Bbnjamin Mandkl, Director of Research
CONTENTS
Witness : Page
Gonzales y Gonzales, Dr. Arsenio 635
Ruiloba Diaz, Maximo 523
Silva Hernandez. Aurelio 526
III
COMMUNIST THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
MONDAY, MAY 9, 1960
U.S. Senate, Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal. Security Act
AND Other Internal Security Laws,
OF THE Committee on the Judiciary,
Washington^ D.C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 10 :4:5 a.m., in room 2228, New Senate Office Building, Senator Thomas J. Dodd presiding.
Also present: J. G. Sourwine, chief counsel; Benjamin Mandel, director of research; and Frank "W. Schroeder, chief investigator.
Senator Dodd. The hearing will come to order.
Mr. Sourwine. Mr. Maximo Kuiloba Diaz,
Senator Dodd. Will you raise your right hand ?
Do you solemnly swear the testimony you are about to give before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. Ruiloba. I swear.
TESTIMONY OF MAXIMO RUILOBA DIAZ (THROUGH AN
INTERPRETER)
Senator Dodd. Be seated and give us your name and address.
Mr. Ruiloba. Maximo Ruiloba Diaz.
Mr. Sourwine. Are you a civil servant in Cuba ?
Mr. Ruiloba. Yes, sir.
Mr. Souravine. For how long ?
Mr. Ruiloba. During different periods, for 21 years.
Mr. Sourwine. Under how many different presidents ?
Mr. Ruiloba. President Batista, Dr. Grau San Martin, Dr. Carlos Prio, and again for President Batista.
Mr. Sourwine. Did you work under Salvador Diaz-Verson?
Mr. Ruiloba. In the year of 1948 until 1952.
Mr. Sourwine. You have then been connected Avith BR AC ?
Mr. Ruiloba. I was chief of an office of dispatch.
Mr. Sourwine. What was the office of which you were chief?
Mr. Ruiloba. In 1955, they opened this office with the object of suppressing Communist activities in Cuba.
Mr. Souraat:ne. Suppressing Communist activities in Cuba?
Mr. Ruiloba. Yes, sir.
Mr. Souravine. What was the branch or division or bureau of which you were the head?
Mr. Ruiloba, Of the central office.
523
524 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Mr. SouRwiNE. Did your duties include the compilation of files and records on Communists ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Did you also compile records of Americans in Cuba?
Mr. RuiLOBA. I don't remember. I never saw them.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You compiled records and files only on Commu- nists, is that correct ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Solely on the Communists, exclusively.
Mr. SouRWiNE. And you do not recall that any of those Commu- nists whose records you compiled were Americans ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Yes.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you recall any American Communists in Cuba whose records you compiled ?
Mr, RuiLOBA. I do not remember any.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Did you give us in executive session the names of many persons in Cuba having Communist backgrounds?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Yes, I do remember having given it to you.
Mr. SouRwiNE." And some of those persons were individuals who were in the Castro government ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. In accordance with our records, there are those of now Captain Nunez Jimenez, Budilo Castillanos, Director of the Tourist Department; Alfredo Guevara, Director of the Film In- dustry ; Alberto Carpeno Santos, of the National Institute of Agrar- ian Reform ; Castro Furaguot, of the same organization.
At this moment I cannot recall more. I don't have the documents now. But in that organization there were six members that were members of the party.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Do you know of any reason why the names you have already given us in executive session should not be made a part of this public record ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. No, I see no reason why they should not form part of this record.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the order be that, subject to the approval of the subcommittee, the names previously given by this witness in executive session may go in the record at this point.
Senator Dodd. Yes, they will be included.
(A summai-y of the pertinent parts of Mr. Ruiloba's executive testi- mony follows:)
In his executive hearing, held in Miami Beach, Fla., July 25, 1959, Mr. Ruiloba described Dr. Carlos Rafael Rodriguez as "the mentor of the Communist Party, Latin America."
He also said "acting as chief [of the Castro forces] in Las Villas province was a detached Communist, Segundo Manuel del Paso Cevallo."
Senator Hruska, then presiding, pronounced the name Nunez .Jimenez and asked: "Was he a Conununist?" Ruiloba replied: "Yes; he attended confer- ences of Communist fronts. He doesn't deny it."
A.sked regarding Castro's executive committee, the witness replied : "The nine in the executive committee have all Communist backgrounds. I remember the name of Dr. Castro Furaguot. He was an affiliate of the Communist Party. He took part in active Communist activities. I remember Dr. Waldo Medina. He is the legal counselor. He was always in all Communist fronts with the Com- munist leadership. We never found him to be an affiliate of the Communist Party because he was a judge and the .Judges could not — were not permitted to affiliate themselves with any party. "All nine" of the exec-utive committee, he said, "had files in the BRAC," adding, "I only remember these two names now."
COMMLTNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 525
Mr. SouRwiNE. What happened to the files and records on Com- munists in BRAC ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. On January 4, 1959, there appeared at the office of BRAC, Capt. Nunez Jimenez, who had a document signed by Dr. Ernest Guevara, director of the Fort La Cabana, in order that de- livery be made, the archives and the cars, to be transported to the fort. That same morning, in four trucks, military personnel of the Cabana proceeded with soldiers, with all the archives, to that place.
Mr. SouRWiNE. That was on the order of "Che" Guevara ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. With an official communication from "Che" Guevara.
Mr. SouRwiNE. And the files were physically taken away by a force under the command of Nunez Jimenez ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Capt. Nunez Jimenez was the carrier of the letter signed by Dr. Guevara, ordering the transportation of those archives to the Cabana. The letter was addressed to Capt. Sergo Jevaya, named director of that organization, and who at present is chief of the air force in Cuba.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you know what happened to these archives of the anti-Communist unit ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. The archives were all in a unit included.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you know what happened to them after they were taken away by this armed force ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. I understand that those archives have been used so that the Communist Party could know up to what extent the organiza- tions in charge of the suppression of Communist activities had pene- trated.
Mr. SouRwiNE. From what source do you understand this?
Mr. RuiLOBA. The information is through by a person within the party that worked for us, who was then at the Cabana.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You mean you have it from a confidential informant whom you trust ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Yes, sir, because he had been working with me for years.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you feel that you should not reveal the name of this informant in order to protect him ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. I have to protect him.
Mr. SouRwiNE. What can you tell us about Communist propaganda coming into Cuba ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. On the first days of January of 1959, through the cus- toms of Havana, mail arrived of Communist propaganda coming from countries behind the Iron Curtain in quantities of 10 or 12 suitcases which mail and propaganda on previous times was excluded by the Cuban Government. From that date on, they were delivered to the party.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Wliere did this material come from, if you know?
Mr, RuiLOBA. From China, Czechoslovakia, Russia, Mexico. Those were the principal countries that mailed.
Mr. SouRwiNE. What can you tell us about Communist Party offices and headquarters in Havana and elsewhere in Cuba ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. After the 1st of January of 1959, the first work of the Communist Party in Cuba was to begin the opening of, in the various townships in Havana, to open again their offices — propaganda and agitation — next to the office at Carlos Cento, 609 — it was a place where
526 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
the general headquarters of the Communist Party used to function. A^Hien the building was occupied, they opened an office next to it.
Within the country, I understand, they also opened their offices. And the curious case comes to light that when all the political parties ceased in Cuba, from the year of 1959, the Socialist Popular Party
re surges.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Are there Communist Party headquarters, meetnig places at various points in Havana ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRWiNE. How many such offices would you say there are m
Havana ?
Mr. Rfiloba. When I left Havana in May of 1959, I knew nme
offices which were open.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Were these what you might call neighborhood of- fices of the Communist Party, or were they offices of different branches, having special purposes ?
Mr. RuiLOBA. No, they are neighborhood branches.
Mr. SouRwixE. They were what?
The Interpreter. They were neighborhood branches.
Mr. SotTRwiNE. What can you tell us about Communist indoctrina- tion at the Cabana ?
The Interpreter. The information that I had was that inclusive within the military department of La Cabana, they received Com- munist indoctrination to the troops therein. Inclusive propaganda was distributed of the Communist Party.
Mr. Sourwine. Do you have information respecting activities in the Miami area of the\hiited States, activities by Castro forces and Castro people ?
The Interprpter. No, sir ; I have no information in that matter.
Mr. Sourwine. I have no more questions of this witness.
Senator Dodd. Very well. Tliank you very much.
Mr. Sourwine. Aurelio Silva Hernandez.
Senator Dodd. Will you stand and raise your right hand, please ?
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be thetruth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth ?
Mr. Hernandez. Yes.
TESTIMONY OF ATJRELIO SILVA HERNANDEZ (THROUGH AN INTERPRETER)
Senator Dodd. Have a chair and give us your name and address. Mr. Silva. Aurelio Silva Hernandez. Senator Dodd. All right, Mr. Sourwine.
Mr. Sourwine. You have been a Government official in Cuba ? Mr. Silva. During 36 years. Mr. Sourwine. You are a career civil servant ? Mr. Silva. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. Did you serve under Batista? Mr. Silva, Yes, sir ; like I served under different governments. Mr. Sourwine. Were you a Batista supporter?
Mr. Silva. I never supported any government. I supported the Republic.
COIVIMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 527
Mr. SouRwiXE. Did you favor the revolution which overthrew Batista?
Mr. SiLVA. No, sir.
Mr. SoLTRwiNE. Would you favor the return of Batista to power?
Mr. SiLVA. No, sir. I believe he is obnoxious and negative.
Senator Dodd. 1 didn't get your translation. What was the word ?
Mr. SiLVA. I don't favor him. I think he is obnoxious and negative.
Senator Dodd. Obnoxious, is that the word ?
The Interpreter. You want me to explain what I mean by that?
Senator Dodd. I just want you to tell me what you are saying.
The Interpreter. Obnoxious.
Senator Dodd. Nauseous in English, isn't it?
The Interpreter. Well, it is poisonous, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Were you an official of the investigative department of the National Police in Cuba ?
Mr. SiLVA. The Department of Investigation, always.
Mr. SouRwiNE. I didn't understand the answer.
Mr. SiLVA. Department of Investigation, always.
Mr. SorRwiNE. Did you have as part of your duty the conducting of investigations on subversives in Cuba?
Mr. SiLVA. Of everything.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Did you conduct investigations with respect to a number of such subversives ?
Mr. SiLVA. Of many.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Did you have large files on many of these individ- uals?
Mr. SiLVA. Very much.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Were you, youi-self, personally familiar with many details of the records of these individuals ?
Mr. SiLVA. Yes, sir; I completely am familiarized with the records of these people.
Mr. SouRAviNE. Have you furnished the subcommittee with a sub- stantial list of names and records of a number of Communists in Cuba?
Mr. SiLVA. Yes, sir; and there are many more to be given.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Beyond what you have already given the subcom- mittee?
Mr. SiLVA. Yes, sir ; there are many more.
Mr. SouRwiNE. I am trying to save time this morning.
Do you know any reason why the list that you have already given the subcommittee in executive session should not, if the subcommittee chooses to do so, be made a part of this public record ?
Mr. SiLVA. I believe that everything that I gave to the committee, all those names, they should appear in the public records of this committee.
Mr. SouRwiNE. May I ask, Mr. Chairman, that this be ordered done, subject to the approval of the subcommittee?
Senator Dodd. Yes ; it will appear in the record.
(The names referred to are included in the following document, filed M'ith the subcommittee by Mr. Silva during his executive hearing.)
528 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
EXHIBIT NO. 11
MEMORANDUM Re: COMMUNISM IN CUBA.
The subscriber, AURELIO SILVA HERNANDEZ, M.P., ex- Lleutenant of the Cuban National Police In the Department of Investigations, swears by means of the presence before Ood and democratic men of North America, that this report Is a true expression of the Communist development in the Republic of Cuba after the first of January, this year, in which the Government of General PULGENCIO BATISTA was 'overthrown, and that the data contained are from recollections of memory, but that all were in the archives of the offices of the Investigation Bureau of BRAC (Biireau for the Repression of Coramunlst Ac- tivities) and which were taken over by Majors CAMILO CIENPUEGOS and ERNESTO "CHE" GUEVARA, both known militant Communists, with the object of destroying them or making their contents known to other persons, but in their majority they can be found in the archives of the P.B.I, in Washington, D.C.
In the year 1930 Communism in Cuba began to give signs of life under the direction of ALEJANDRO BARREEIRO, ALFREDO LOPEZ, MANUEL ARIAS, ESTANISLAO SACRISTAN, and others, when agitations were initiated in industrial construction imions with acts of sabotage such as the poisoning of Polar beer in Havana, while in the interior of the island the leaders, JUAN AREVALO, CESAR VILAR, and others dynamited bridges and burned sugar fields, but when they were energetically combatted
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 529
by the govemn»nt of President (ffiMERAL OBRARDO MACHAIX) they went underground and coranenced to aot clandestinely « eon- oentrating their aotivltiee in the distribution of stdb^ratve propaganda by neans of woaen nbose head was SR. SARA PASCIJAL.
With the fall of the Michado goverraeent on August 12, 1933 « the public life of the Oomaimist party was reactivated using the name "Uhion ReTolucionaria Cammista", but later, on backing the presidential canidacy of General FULQENCIO BATISTA, adopted the name Partido Socialista Popular. On petition of the counselor of the Connnunist Party, PABIO GOBART, who iB actually in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in those elections they obtained various positions of senators and representatives and achieved the control of the Federation of the Workers of Cuba under direction of the internationally famous Communist Leader LAZERO PEKA.
In the year 1952 the Communist Party was made illegal but it continued operation in clandestine form, editing the pamphlet titled "Weekly Letter" which was widely circulated in Cuba and foreign. Much later the Communists, already openly com* batting the government of GENERAL BATISTA, associated themselves with the Chief of the 26th of July Movement, FIDEL CASTRO. Making the contact for the Party was the leader CARLOS RAFAEL RODRIGUEZ, the present Director of the Communist newspaper "Hoy" and counselor for CASTRO during his stay in the Sierra Maestra mountains, and who is considered the brain director of
530 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
many of the lawe proolalmed by CASTRO and also Its efficient propaganda In Cuba and foreign countries and of which can be said contributed greatly to the fall of BATISTA and the desertion of Its Army officers.
There Is no doubt that since Its foundation to date, the 26th of July Movement has demonstrated Ita Inclinations toward Communism and has a strong backing from the Soviet Union through the medliim of the Communist Party and its laws, decrees and resolutions are copied from the orders implanted by the Communists in all the terrltorls of the Soviet Socialist Republics.
For these reasons many Cubans shelter the fear that there will definitely be established an eminently Communist regime 90 miles from the coast of Florida if no one goes to the aid of the Republic of Cuba,
The actual President of Cuba will substitute MANUEL URRUTIA, by virtue of a coup d»e tat, for DR. OSVALDO DORTICOS y TORRADO who, together with Minister RAUL RCA belonged to the Left Wing Student Section of the University of Havana. He also formed part of a secret Communist Party cell and in 1951, in conjunction with RAUL SANJURJO, signed the manifestos of the Partido Sociallsta Popular (Communists) in the city of Cienfuego^ and in everything violently pronounced himself against the United States classifying its policy of intervention in r^tln American countries, and being a declared enemy of North America.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 531
In addition vte should also state that on one occasion he was accused of the crime of embezzlement or robbery of money by his own uncle, DR, PEDRO DORTICOS, a prominent member of the dissolved A. B.C. Party.
With I'espect to FIDEL CASTRO RU2 who, while operating clandestinely used the name "ALEJANDRO", he at one time main- tained contact with Mrs. NORMA CHAGAOVALK^ an employee of the Soviet Embassy in Havana which was then located on Calle 15, corner of Paseo In the Vedado section, and which It is said gave instructions to CASTRO on the form and manner of creating disturbances in the American continent and assuring that the first work realized by CASTRO was the Bogota uprising in the Republic of Colombia in which he acted In union with ALFREDO GUEVARA, who is no relation to DR. ERNESTO "CHE" GUEVARA, and who was also accompanied on this trip by RAFAEL DEL PINO, at this moment an enemy of CASTRO. The object of that was to try to interrupt the foreign ministers' conference that was taking place in that Republic, commiting a series of muiders, among them two priests, and which had ample international reprecus- slons.
Hiw actual hierarchy Is surplusly known by the Snited States authorities with abundant proof that evidences his Inclinations to Ccramunlsm as has been stated before the Senate of the United States by the ex -Chief of the Cuban Air Force, MAJOR LUIS DIAZ LANZ, and with the disposal of president URRUTIA for daring to
532 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN combat the Communists and expressing that they were a threat to establish a second front In Cuba. Other elements of the actual government that have Communist ideas and among active Party militants are the following:
RAUL CASTRO RUZ, Chief of the Armed Forces of Cuba, who acquired Marxist practices in Prague; he is married to, VILMA EXPIN, a militant Communist Icnown by the name of "DEVORA" and who has a sister who Is a Party affiliate in the city of Santiago de Cuba and vjho is studying nuclear energy in oar is. Prance where she maintains strict contact with the Communists of that nation.
CAMILO CIENPUEQOS, Chief of the Army who was affiliated with the Communist party, and had difficulties with United States authorities in San Francisco, California, and who operates in the Cuban Revolution in the province of Santa Clara with Commvmlst leader MANUEL DEL PESO and with whom he sustained a correspondence Intercepted by the SIM in Santa Clara,
ALBERTO BAYO, Colonel In the Spanish Army who was exiled to Mexico and acted with the Communists during the Spanish Civil V/ar and is at present Instructor in the Rebel Army which he is indoctrinating with various professors of known Communist ideology.
ALFREDO GUEVARA, lawyer, university professor, active Communist, intimate friend of FIDEL CASTRO. His hate for the United States is demonstrated in that he has asked theatrical
COMMUNIST THREAT TO TJlS. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 533 authors to write new works but with the sole political purpose that each work should have a message against Yankee imperialism. Cuban ortlcts declined to do this In a declaration published in the theatrical pages of the newspaper "Informacion."
NICOLAS GUILLEN is an old active Communist, poet and author of the March Agrarian Reform. He gives indoctrination classes In the Cubana Fortress to soldiers and to the fishermen residing in the Casa Blanca block. Hr had been exiled from Cuba for many years and returned after FIDEL CASTRO too power.
PAUSTINO PEREZ HERNANDEZ, a doctor, Minister of Recoupera- tion of Illgotten Goods; is an active Communist and Party affiliate.
CARLOS PRANQUI, newspaperman, non-collegiate, director of the newspaper "Revoluclon" , official organ of the CASTRO government. In the Sierra Maestras he edited a pamphlet titled "Revolucion" which was circulated clandestinely by mail. He is an active Communlet. He took part in the frustrated expedition of Cayc Confltes against president TRUJILLO of the Dominican Republic.
RAUL ROA, lawyer, was member of the Left Wing University Section with JULIO ANTONIO MELLA and the poet MARTINEZ VILLENA, both known Communists and both deceased. He was arrested various times for street acts and in his speeches and declara- tions always evidences hostility towards the United States of America. He is, at present. Minister of State and represented
534 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN Cuba In the Organization of the United Nations and made injurious speeches against the Dominican Republic government and other Latin American countries classifying them as dic- tatorships. He and CASTRO are studying a plan to attack the United States in the assembly of foreign ministers which will take place in Chile next month. They, or their representatives, will try to speak on behalf of all Latin American countries insisting on a loan of thirty billion dollars to demonstrate to those countries that the United States is not their friend when It declines to consider this astronomical loan. It has no other object than to place the United States Government under pressure as has benn demonstrated In the last few days.
Other individuals that act in the actual government, some of them in the Arm^ "".nd the rest in civilian positions of the state are the following:
DR. ARMANDO HART, Minister of Education; CARLOS RAFAEL RODRIGUEZ of which we have given facts at the beginning of this report; DR. ANl^ONIO NUNEZ JIMENEZ, Director of the Agrarian Reform. He was professor of the University of Santa Clara and is at present on a tour of the United States. He is a convinced Communist, a very dangerous man due to his great talents and we assure that he has good contacts in the United States; liYDEE SANTAMRIA, wife of DR. HART; DR. JUAN fJlARINELLO VIDAURRETA, President of the Party and at present on tour in Communist China; BLAS ROCA; JOAQUIN ORDOQUI; ANIBAL ESCALANTE;
COMMUNIST THREAT TO "U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 535 MANUEL LUZARDO; PEPEGRIN TORRAS; URSINIO ROJAS; MANUEL DEL PESO; all old directors of the Communist Party; MANUEL SANTURIO, MIGUEL QUINTERO, PACO ALFONSO, of the theatrical section; VICENTINA ANTUNEZ, wife of DR. GARONNE; ALICIA AGRAMONTE, artists for C.M.Q; VIOLETA CASALS and CELIA SAUCHEZ, inseparabl* from FIDEL CASTRO; SALVADOR GARCIA AGUERO, VINCENTE MARTINEZ, known as "Diario Libre", and the magazine "Cartelec", who uses various pen names to publish his work and is an old Party militant; MANUEL MARTIN BENITO, radio analyst for the newspaper "Diario Libre" , a party affiliate for many years and an active propagandist of these Red Ideas with contacts in Tampa, Miami and Key West, and is utilized as a post office to carry and to bring messages; CELESTINO FERNANDEZ SUAREZ, VICTOR MIRANDA, AMPARO CHAPLE, FATHER SARDINAS, SAMUEL MORALES, FIDEL DOMENECH, CAPTAIN MANUEL PINEIRO, presently on the Army Staff; DAVID SALVADOR, Secretary General of the C.T.C., who publicly confessed on a television show that in his youth he had been a ComiTiunist and although he states that at present he is not, we have credible information that he continues being one, since all are continuing the denial tactics on their militancy to fool the United states of America.
It is necessary to make a separate paragraph to shew the personality of DR. ERNESTO "CHE" GUEVARA, Argentine doctor. Chief of the Cabana Portress, intimace of FIDEL CASTRO, who, complying with instructions, made a trip through the Middle and
43354 O— 60 — 8a-
536 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN Far Ea3t having interviewed President NasBer and othor impor- tant Arab Communiat figures to conciliate an Interchange of products between Cuba and those nations with the deliberate aim of demonstrating its animosity against North America, on seeking other markets and placing in prejudice the existing commercial interchange system between United States and Cuba.
JOSE ELIAS ENTRALGO, one of the moat important men of the Communist Party, was an Inseparable companion of FABIO GROGART and maintains an Intense correspondence v;ith elements In the Soviet Union insuring that he has conciliated the envy of various Russian citizens in Cuba that ;ict as in'jtructors in different governmenx; departments and in the Cienga de Cepate, although they po^e as Ducch and Danish nationals.
LAZARO PENA was Secretary of the C.T.C., was exiled In Mexico and has made several trips to Moscovj. I7hen the BATISTA government fell he returned to Cuba and from that moir.ent he v.'as an active propagandist for the Union of 'che 26th of July with the partldo Soclalista popular. A few weeks ago he published declarations in Cuban newspapers in support of the tiovernment and reiterating the necessity of union amon,:^ both sectors.
LEONEL SOTO, a young figure in the Communist party. Until one year ago he was in charge of the editing of the Party's "Carta Semanal'', distributed in Cuba and other countries. He vv'as in Moscov: and received Marxist indoctrination, is a man of talent and his words are simple and convincing. V/e have also
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 537 learned that he has contacts with Communist elements and university students in the United States and has acted in agreement with ELVIRA DIAZ, University leader and at present directoress of congressional insurance.
AUGUSTO MARTINEZ SANCHEZ, lawyer, at present Minister of Defense, was affiliated with the Communist Party and an active propagandist of Red doctrine.
It is not possible in such a brief report to Include the names of all the Communists that occupy positions in the Army, Navy, political and ministry offices. It would require an immense labor that at this distance is materially impossible unless a man is designated under our instructions to go to Cuba and learn the names and positions that each one occupies.
In the same manner it could also be learned the names of many active Communists that undertake functions as newspaper- men in the papers and magazines of Cuba. Many of them have contacts with radical elements in the United states.
We can assure that underneath the cape of belonging to the 26th of July Movement there have been introduced into this machine many dangerous Communists and they are trying to infiltrate themselves among the young university students with the pretext of placing the politics and fundamentals that serve as gxiide for DR. FIDEL CASTRO and Cuban youth, but as its end constitutes an easy method of Communist publication in North America and which danger American authorities have
538 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN not as yet become aware. It 13 surplusly known, and the P.B.I, has names and backgrounds, that In the last few months niimerous Communist foreign elements. Including from Red China, have visited Havana, some posing as newspapermen, others as commercial agents and others as various technicians of dif- ferent materials but in reality they come to incessantly labor in favor of a propaganda against the United States with Its end the creation of difficulties in its foreign commerce as it has already succeeded with an infinite amount of products that represent millions of dollars and which are being sabotaged by order of FIDEL CASTRO and which has reduced in a notable manner Cuban acquisitions in the United states with a manifest damage for North American industrialists. In a similar manner they attack the American investors arbitrarily depriving them of their properties and capriciously placing their value in 20-year redeemable bonds and causing these Americans large losses.
Yoin's very truly /s/ AURELIO SILVA HERNANDEZ Miami, Florida July 21, 1959
Certified to be a true and correct translation to the best of my knowledge and belief.
/s/ LOUIS J. JORDAN ' Louis J. Jordan
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 539
Mr. SouRwiNE. Now, you say you have additional names to give us besides those which you have already given us ?
Mr. SiLVA. I don't have it written down. I have it in my head.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Yes. Go ahead.
Mr. SiLVA. You want me to give it to you now ? At this moment ?
Mr. SouRWixE. Well, I understood he didn't have it written down. Just a minute.
Would you prefer to prepare a list of these additional names and supply it to the committee, with an affidavit for inclusion in the record at this point ?
Mr. SiLVA. Yes, sir. I will be glad to.
Senator Dodd. Very well, submit it.
(The additional list of names was later received by the subcom- mittee, marked "Exhibit No. 12" and, as translated by the Library of Congress, reads as follows :)
540 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
EXHIBIT NO. 12 ( Translated by the Library of Congress )
TO TliE WETQJ STATES SHJATE LIST' AND BACKGP^Uin:' OF ACTIVE CX)1-2'1WIISTS IN CUBA V/ORKING ror. RUSSIA AND AGAINST THE UNIT ED STATES OF AM3UGA
JUAI? MARlNHJjQ VIDAURI^EI'A.
President of the People's Socialist (Conmunist) Party; teachea" [on the staff of] the "Escuela Normal de Maestros" [Havana Teachers College]; laiv-/er and man of great skill ["many talents"]; made many- trips to lIuEsia anc Communist China; writer anc mass orator. He recently stated on [a] Television [prosfam] , that "those who are not Communists in Cuba are counter-revolutionists". The files of BPvAG contain considerable background material relative to his activities and contacts, a complete dossier of vrtiich should be on file with the FBI anc the Central Intelligence Agency (CXA). The Communists aspii'e to nominate him President of the Republic in case Fidel Castro should fail [or, "be removed"],
OSViLLDO PORTICOS I'ORIIiUX).—
Present President of the Republic, in substitution for [having replacec] Lr, Manuel Urrutia; was secretary to Dr. Juan Marinello, President of the Communist Party of Cuba; carried on his activities in the City of Cienfuegos, where he figured as candidate for Member of the Communist Party Council, In addition, he editea [or drafted] ano signed with his signature, manifestos and proclamations [propaganda materials] ordereu by the [Communist] Party, He is the author of several of the laws put into effect by the Castr-o regime, all of them markedly costensibly^moulded after the Communist pattern.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 541
CARLOS RAFASL RODRIGUEZ.—
Eirector of the newspaper Hoy, official organ of the Cuban Communist Party; lawyer and man of skill ["man of many talents"]; is consider eci one of the chief advisors to Fidel Castro with whom he spent much time in the Sierra Maestra; was Director of the "Editorial P^ginas" [publishing house], which sold Russian books, translated into Spanish and printed by the Arrow Press vAiich is owned by the Communist Party; a brilliant speaker; mace several trips to Russia and Iron Curtain countries; is considered the brain of the revolutionary laws and bills, and, especially, of [the] national and foreign propaganda
[activities] in behalf of the Castro regime; now edits the "coletillas" [notes, or observations, or special remarks, or comments] added to cables, reports, and editorials appearing in the newspapers when not favoring the regime; has many contacts with Communists in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina; is thought to be a highly dangerous man and to have drafted the bill [or legislative proposal] designed to boycott North American products in favor of the Soviet market in the countries of Central and South America; has re- cently been appointod regular professor at the University of Havana, which [appointment] has originated [resulted in] innumerable protests by the anti-Communists of the country.
******
542 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
aiHECTQ "CUE" GUEVMA.
Argentinian phj'-sician, advent\arer, vrith deeply rooted Communist iaeas; worked under the oraers of President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala; hit [irameciiatej family, residing in Argentina, follow the Goffliminist line of thimcing, and his uncle, Cayetano Cordova, is a Communist leader wiiose wife vras a nurse in Spain during the [Spanish] Civil War. He was a member of the "Juventud Comunista iurgentina" [Communist Youth of Argentina] and a participant in two plots against former President Peron, He fled from his country and went to Peru, v/here he participated in an armed revolt against President Manuel Odria, and fl^om thei-e went to Chile from which he was expelled for his Communist activities. In 1954- he arrivea in Guatemala ana joined a gang of individuals who were sowing terror in [among the workers of] the plantations ana attack5.ng the churches upon the overtlirow of the Aibenz government, because of which he fled [the country] and sought refuge in Me:cico where he became a member of the "Consejo Revolucion- ario del Cai'ibe y [de] la America Central" [Revolutionary Council of the Caribbean and Central iunerica] and of the "Institute de Cultura .luso-Mejicano" [P.ussian-Mexican Cultural Institute] , which is Communist* controlled as is the "Legion del Caribe" [Caribbean Legion]. His name was mentioned in [connection with] the assassinations of Presi- dents Ilemon of Panama, Castillo de Armas [sic — "Carlos Castillo .Irmas"]
COIVIMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 543
of Guatemala, and Somoza of Nicaragua, In Mexico he joined up with Fidel Castro and Col. Alberto Bayo, giving military training to a group of Cubans and other nationalities [sic — nationals] for [the piirpose of] invading Cuba as they did in Eecanber 1956, VJhen Fidel Castro came to power, he was appointed Chief of the Fortaleza [prison] of Havana, and the first thing he aid was to confiscate the files of the Communists in the offices [headquarters] of BRAC and of the Military Intelligence Service, and to make them disappear ["and to dispose of them"], Ke was accused [of] oirectlj'- [having caused] tiie aeath of Jose Castano in whom many persons ana foreign embassies had been interested, lie was re- cently appointed President of the "Banco ilacional ce Cuai" [national Banic of Cuba] , from which post he placed restrictions on the purchase of products manufactured in the UiiA, refusing [to issue] permits for their payment in dollars, lie had pushed the treaty between [Soviet] Russia ano Cuba and of the 100 million peso Soviet loan. At the I'lational Bank he had various employees make translations from foreign languages, especially from the Russian, and paiu them for their work on a per diem basis so that their names would not appear on the payroll. He ma.naged to have the circulation permit for the newspaper Hoy re- newed, and is said to be drafting the document which legalizes the Commvinist Party as the only political organization in the country. He hates the North Americans |
last year he went to ife'pt, the Far East, and to countries behind the Iron Curtain in order to make trade agreaaents with those countries and Red China for the purpose of talcing that trade away from the United states of j'lmerica.
544 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
EIDIJL GAbTRO RUZ.—
A lawyer, though he has never practiced his profession; divorced from Mirta Diaz Balart [Balaert?] fVom whom he had a son named Fidel; outstanding Comniunist agitator ever since he started his studies at the University [of Havana] , in company with Raul Roa and other students earmarked as active Coniminists, At that t^jne the police implicated him in the assassinations of Ferndndez Caral and Manolo Castro, and named him direct agent [perpetrator] of those crimes vrtiose motive was said to have been disagreements [differences of opinion] in the fights of the student gangs. In 194-8, he took a trip to the Republic of Colombia together with Rafael del Pino, staying on April 3 [of that year] at the Claricge Hotel in Bogotd, on vtoich occasion they said that they were delegates of the International Communist Youth Comnilttee, and that they had come to that country to do some work among the students and worlcer masses, to which effect Castro lectured at the University of Colombia on "The Techniques of the Coup d'Etat". They were said at that time not to be ignorant of [...."said to be implicatea in"] the assassination of Dr. Gaytan [sic — Gaitdn] , although the Chief of [the] Security [Service] of Colombia at that time, Alberto Nifio, liao accused them, but he was unable to effect their arrest be- cause they had been cleared, and they escaped fi-om that Republic. In 1953, he implementecl the attack on the "Cuartel Moncada", with [the
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 545
aid of] a group of his followers, [and though they haci been] taken into custody and sentenced to several years in prison, they wei'e amnestied by President Batista a short time later. While in prison he wrote a pamphlet entitled, "Ilistoria me absolver^" [History will exonerate me], which in reality is a compendium of programs of the Communist countries and puts in evidence his marked inclination toward the Red doctrines. As soon as he was releasee he anbarked for Mexico vriiere he organized the Gramma expedition, landing in Oriente Province, We make no further reference to this event, nor to subsequent events [occurring] after he had been maae Prime Ministei' and "Chief of the Revolution", because all of these facts are in the national and foreign public Gomain [,,,"are public knoi/ledge at home and abroad"].
546 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
RliUL PJQA G.'iRGIA.—
Present Minister of Foreign Relations of the de facto govern^ ment established in Cuba, coiUxDletely moulcea after the Coiiiminist pattern; lloa is an olc Comnunist militant; he is mai-ried to Aca Kouri, also a Gonimunist militant. Their activities cate back to 1926, at which time he organized, jointly with Julio ^Intonio Kella, Juan Marinello Vidaurreta, Ruben Martinez Villena, Zacarlas Tallct, and others, the "ComDumist Youth of the University of Havana". In 1927, they set up tiie Plrst Comintern at the University of Havana, with a group called "Director io Estudiantil Universitai-io" [equal to University utuGent Council] , At that time [In tiiat yeai"-] he fled to Mexico and cont5.nueo to work there ;d.th Mella and other young Communists, Thei^e exitts a dossier^ however, to the effect that Raul Roa betrayed Hella, accusing him of having strayeo from the Communist Party line ana that it was Decided to put him to his death, which [decision] was in^jlement- ed by a Russian [Soviet] agent in MeJiico by the name of iiaeas Larmenti, who was accused of the crime by the Mexican Gecret Police whose files contain that dossier, nevertheless, this affair suited the Communists, because they had ascribed the crime to C-enei'al Gei-ai'oo Maciiaoo and accused of having committeo it Jose Magrina who was killed in the up- heavals [surrounding] the overthrow of the Machado Government on August 12, 1933. In 1930, Roa retui-nec. to Cuija; he was one of the authors of the famous Manifesto against ftesiaent Machaco signed by
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 547
the "Union of Uorkers [Labor Union] i'vffiliated with International Coramunian" , Eoa had his alternatives [sic — "was able to pick anc choose?"] in the i^art^o It came out that at one time he broke [liad broken] with then [the Comcianist VJorkers?] anc joined the I'rotsicyists, but that he [load] desisted [refl*ained from so doing] and a^ain joined up \ri.th the Communists ["had returnee, to the Goinmuniat folo"] , In 1949, he visited various countries behind the Iron Curtain, anc upon iiis return to Mexico fount. ed the publishing firm "Ilumanismo", on v;hich occasion he made friends with T.aul Ocegueda, Minister of estate in the government of Jacobo -irbenz [Gusmdn] ; with Vicente 3iicnz, CotTTunist writer, of Costa Ilica; with [Miss] 'i'ete Casuso, Fidel Castro's present celegate in Mexico, who had previously been an old comrade of Roa [in the revolutionary struggle] when both v/ere members of the so-called "Liga Anti-Imperialista" [sic — /jitiimperialista] " [iinti-In^erialist League] , lie also established contact with Guillermo Torriello, Secretary of Foreign ..ffairs of Guatemala, and vrf.th Salvador Allende, Chilean v^enator and active Corarministo Together vri.th Vicente i^dcnz he founced the "Asociacion Interamericana por la Lenocrac^a y la Libertac;" [lnter-iU?.crican Association for Democracy anc. Freedom] , Ficel Castro appointea him [, first,] Ambassador to the United States, anc, later. Minister of Foreign T.elations, In both posts he gave vent to his liatrec of tho North junericans and his s-nnpathies vdth the Soviet Union, he recently mace a tour of iJgypt, the Middle Sast, and the countries behind the Iron Curtain, for the purpose of negotiat- ing trade agreeraents and taking those e:-:ports away from Ilortli iuaerica. Pie is one of the iudiviauals used by Fiuel Castro for agitotion via harmful propaganda and pamphlets [printed propaganda materials] in various Caribbean countries, as was done in Nicaragua, Panama, haiti, anc the Dominican Republic anci, recently, in Honduras and Guatemala,
548 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
RiiUL GASTI10 RUZ.—
Brother of Fidel Castro, vri. th bloodthirsty instincts, and accuseu of having assassinated in Oriente Province n\imerous peasants and hundreds of members of the firmed Forces vAio had surrendered on December 31, 1953; was appointed, first. Chief of the Armj', but, later, the post of Minister of the firmed Forces was created for him vAiich gave him control of the Armj', Navy, and Police, He is a wholehearted ["dyed-in-the-wool"] Communist and studied and was indoctr5.nated in Prague. He is married to Vilma Espln, known as "Devora", also an Oriente Communist leader. He has always been Imown for his liatred of the North Americans; and he was the one who, vdth the forces under his command, had kidnapped several Marines [sailors?] from the Cairaanera Base and cut off their water supply. Two months ago he is said to have drafted the Decree cancelling ["declaring null and void"] the I'reaty with the United States with regard to the Haval Base of Caimanera, but the Council of Ministers lias not yet taken up the matter. He has been designated by his brother as his successor in the Leadership of the Revolution and, during the course of a mass meeting, Fidel stated, referring to the appointment, "If I should fail [or go down, or be re- moved] , I vrf.ll be replaceo by my brother who is much more radical [than I am]".
[TO BE COiJTlMUID — next name: Carlos Franquf^
TrPJi slated by Elizabeth Ilanunian J\ane 1, I960,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 549
GilRIiOS J-aUIQUI. — Old militant of the Connnunist Party; at present Director of the newspaper Revolucion. official organ of the government, which is published in the building and work- shops of the newspaper i'ilerta . from which the Cuban journalist Kamon Vasconcelos had been arbitrarily ousted. Under the Batista adminis- tration iYanqul was in charge of the Cai-ta ^emanal. and, when he was discover ea by the police, fled to the i>ierra Kaestra where he joined up with Fidel Castro and published a flyer- lilce newspaper called Revolucion. Precisely the November issue of that paper announced the intervention in and confiscation of the bank accounts in case of victory, which Fidel Castro translated into fact when he seized the power. Previously Carlos Franqul had been proofreader for the news- paper Manana and Informacion. He participated in the famous Cayo Confites eJzpeoition against the Dominican Government, in which expedi- tion Fidel Castro also took part. He is a tenacious propagandist of International Communism. He recently' took a trip to Czechoslovakia, and was in Moscow under the pretext of purchasing new machinery for the newspaper, ile is qualified as an "evil fellow".
550 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
LAZAI'jQ PSffA. — Mas a tobacco worker, [and is] Secretary General of
CIG (Gonfederacion Ce Trabajadores de Cuba) [Cuban Federation, or Confederation, of Workers, or of Labor] which office he has held for many years; as a member of the Executive of the Communist i'arty; enjoys great influence among the tobacco workers, and is said to have been advisor to David Salvador when he took over the CTG: has been in [Soviet] Russia several times and been living in Mexico for some time; is very friendly with Lombard o Toledano, outstanding Mexican labor leader, in whose company he has for the past two years been traveling through several countries of Central Amei^ica, doing publicity for Communism with Moscow's approval; was an outstand- ing member of [delegate for] the Communist Party at [to] the Consti- tuent Assembly of 1%0, and Representative to the Chamber [of Leputies] ,
UGlMlO OIIDO^UI. — Convinced Communist; member of the lixecutive of the
[Communist] Party like his brother Joaquin; has taken various trips to [Soviet] Russia on Party business; at the time of the Batista administration he was out of the country, anc [but] returned when Castro seized the power,
JOiV-:iJIl:J OVlOiJJl. — Important member of the Communist Party, always
having belonged to its ZScecutive Committee, The confidence placeci in him is such that all of the machinery and v/ork- shops of the newspaper Hoy and of the "Arrow Press", as v/ell as the intellectual property of various Party magazines, have been put in his name. This was done in order tiiat, in case the Govei'mnent were to close down the business, the corresponding legal claims could be filed, as was done recently, for Imving those workshops reopened which had been confiscated in the days of President Carlos Pr^, He lias made various trips to [Soviet] Russia, Czechoslovakia, and Mexico, always on Party business.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 551
MANUIiL LUZARDO.— Was Ti^easurer of the People's Socialist (Comraunist) Party, with authority to manage the finances of the organization; is an active militant, and has always been entrusted with delicate missions.
VICjJUTS MARTINJSZ. — Newspaperman, using various names, including
that of Regino Martin, but is generally known under the pseudonym [alias] of "Esmeril"; was chief of information of the newspaper Koy. and collaborated on the magazine Carteles and on two now defunct newspapers Manana and Liario Libre; lives in his ovm home in the Manana District j is a dangerous man because he denies his Conaminist status; alleges enmity toward Anibal Escalante, but does so in order to better [more efficiently] carry on his journal- istic activities, alv;ays using irony [sarcasm] to wound [the sensibili- ties] of all persons with conservative ideas; has good contacts in Cuba and abroad for publicity [intelligence] work.
iVNIB:iL EJC;\L.tU]TE.— Uas Director of the newspaper Ho^, and, although
he has for some time given no sign of active life, is working quietly, in the interest of the Party, on secret missions entrusted to hijn; is a v^olehearted ["dyed-in-the-wool"] Communist; has been in [Soviet] Russia and Iron Curtain countries, and belongs to the lixecutive of the Party,
Means "emory" [board] — "scratchy like ,.. ?" — EH
43354 O— 60— 8a-
552 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
MAMUIJL MAFuTIlI BHJITO. — Belongs to the Conraunist Party and works on
the newspaper Hoy; had a radio and television section in the newspaper MaSana ajid continued to run it [the colinnn] when the name of the newspaper, upon confiscation from its owner Joee Lopez Vilaboy, was changed to Diario Libre; was born in Rcdas, although he passes himself off as a native of Camagueyj has little polish but is an evil man, and lends himself to carrying messages of contact [for keeping in touch] with Communists in Taapa, Miami, and Cayo Hueso, because of which his trips to that country [USA] must be \jatched as he has a U.S. visa which was obtained, it would appear, by influential persons.
*) "lends his services to act as courier for relaying messages between", etc, — E,H.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 553
VILA BaPiN DE CASTao. Belongs to a bantiago de Cuba family with
oeep-rooted Cornmunist ideas; is knovm in the Party and in the "26th of July Movement" under the name of "Devora"; was in the Sierra Maestra \^iere she liveu with Raul Castro ac man and wife, contracting marriage with htm two years later, She has been in Moscow and Prague where she was said to have been studying [at the respective universities] , One of her sisters, also a Coraraunict, [has] studied [or, is studying?] nuclear energy [physics] in Paris and is said to be married to a Russiano This couple is now doing some myster- ious work at Cayo [Key] Lai-go, south of Cuba, of vfeich the Soviet Union is not unaware, Vilma Espin has, furthermore, been appointed Director General of the so-called "Radio Rebelde" [Rebel Radio] network, with 11 broadcasting stations tliroughout the Republic, which every day carry on a ferocious campaign [over the airwaves] against the North Jvmericans and against anyone daring to criticize the measures taken by Lictator Fidel Castro, She belongs to the Communist VJomen's Committee which was at [attended] the Communist Congress in Santiago, Chile, She has just haa [given birth to] a son from her union .d.th Raul Castro, anu it is an open secret tliat they have bought an e::pensive bassinet in the city of I'aris,
554 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
BALDOMH^: JiLV/Jiai PJOS.--UiJ to now has not been known to engage in
Communist activitiet;, but stated recently that he iiad always supporteu those iueas Ltimt ideolotiy] secretly, so as to deceive the police of the L icta tor ship ; at the present time is Dean of the "Golegio Uacional ue Periodistas" [National College of Newspapermen— something like Press Association] , and one of the creators of the "coletillas" ^ [comments, or commentaxy] , or censor- ship of the cables ano editorials of [printed in] the newspapers; is anti-iimerican and launches uaily attacks against the U.S. Information Agencies; and, furthermore, works toward maicing a success of the "Prensa Latina" [Latin i'unerican Press] (a branch of Moscow' s "Tass" Agency) , formerly operating in Argentina.
^) see p. 3, line 1; unaer "Carlos T^afael Tlodriguez" — -C.li.
SljaUl-ttX) QLTNOOC'Jo.— Formei'ly [oi"? long-stancing] leauer of the People's
Socialist (Communist) Pai-ty who has alvsys been entrusted with secret missions; his name should appear in the files of the Cuban police [under the uates] of the different occasions on which he was ai*rested.
liiJ^OU C/iLCI'!E6 GO-lLiIl.Q. — Ira^jortant member of the Communist Party;
\w.s leader of the sugar workers in Las Villas i'rovince; mass oratoi', and considered clever in spreading Marxist ideas; \^s in Prague 'until [sic] a short time ago, [busy vrith] organizing the Youth Congress v/liich is planned to be hela in Havana; x'resident of the IZxecutive of tuE Party Bioreau, and in charge of main- taining union among the youth organizations.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 555
J06E LUIvJ I-LiLiO. — lias well defined Coinmunist ideas, altiiough he cioes
not t^eem to be affiliateo with the farty. The /jaerican authorities Imve refuseo to issue him a visa for travel to the United States, not only because of his Communist ideas but also because of the offensive manner in which he expresses himself about North American Government officials. He is a great friend of Fidel Castro, and has managed to get on television panel [shov;s] whenever members of the regime are interviewed, 'Jell informed sources claim that, out of re- venge for having him removea from the "Itoticiero Union r.acio", he succeeded in having the property and assets of Mr, /unadeo Darletta confiscated [whom he holds responsible for his removal].
V1CHQ'1:TA ANTUTTA LE GAPjOMS.— Communist with deeply rooted ideas ["dyed- in-the-wool Communist"] ; married to Dr, Francisco Carone, University i^ofessor, also at the University of Havana, where she [he?] teaches Latin; was appointed Lirector of the National Institute of Culture by the present Communist regime of Cuba, It was slie who resolveu that a "Cuban Christmas" should be celebrated, ano, because of her hatred for North America, the name of Lanta Glaus was omitted, bhe is an intelligent woman, well acquainted vri.th the Commonist tactics, and sai.c to liave had great influence on the new eoucational system installec in Cuba calling for discrediting the United States and praising the Soviet Union.
[should follow HL'IiL CASTPJD F.UZ, as p. /i]
556 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
jiLFRHX) GUSVAPwl V..ILDES,— Not related to Major Ernesto "Che" Guevara,
but they are very good friencs inaeeo; is Professor at the University of Havana anc. lias just been appointed Director of the "Cine Nacional" [National Movie Industry] , Although there was opposition on the part of the Cuban artists, Guevara succeed- ed in suppressing the native, or folic, theatre anc in giving the theatrical works, television and radio scripts, and movie scenarios, a socio-political content, each of which having to convey a message against Yanicee Imperialism anc to focus on Cuba's sovereignty. Right now he is writing several movie scripts, showing the contrast between the humble and the moneyed classes and making the worker and peasant masses believe that tliis state of affairs has disappeared in [tioviet] Huss5.a, because of which the population is happier,
[should follow VINCaiTlNA ANTUtTA DE CAl'iDNE, as p,5]
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 557
HLAo iX)CA CALDa^JQ, — One of "the most outstanding members of the
Communist Party whose Secretary General he is; a shoemaker by trade; was born at Manzanillo, Oriente; is regarded as a gooa mass orator; fi^equently vtritgs articles in the newspaper Hoy, always encouraging the workers and peasants to prepare the ascent to power of a government baseu on tiiat [sic] force, supported by sailors and soldiers, which is his "golden dream" since he dwells on this particulai' in the majority of liis pronouncements. At a TV appearance last year, shortly after Fidel Castro took over, he public- ly stated that the next step that the government of Cuba, v/hich was Socialist at tlie time, would take, was to go on to the "Communist government of the future". He is anti-American; has made trips to Moscow, Mexico, and other countries and participated in several con- gresses, We thinic tloat he should be \jatched closely and tliat all his hideaways [disguises] should be knovm because he is very sldllful in [the art of] Disguising himself, to the extent tiiat uncer the Batista government he used to slip away in clerical g-arb. His real name is Manuel Galdorio.
558 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
HJAS ^JfJEALGO . — Lawyer, and man of cxtraorclnai-/ talents; professor at the University of Havana, where he teaches Cuban History in the iachool of Philosophy and Letters, He v;as the one who, together with I'abio Qrobart, did the organizational work leading to the constitution of the Communist Party createc; [established] three years before by Carlos 3al5.no, Entral^-o ana Grobart wei'e responsible foi' devising the formula under which the electoral organizations of the Party were set up at the Meeting hela in Cerro and Santa Teresa, Havana, when the Party was given legal status and became part of a government coalition to elect President Pulgencio Batista, He has always worked clandestinely because [as] he constantly said, this was the best Lmost efficient] method of fighting; has alivays encouraged the university stuuents to maintain a Party Cell at that center of learning [Havana U.J , anc is said to be greatly listenec to because of his profound knowle&ge of different subjects [in different fields of endeavor] ,
CILIA aiUTOHjJZ AGILtU-iOMT So— Intimate friend of Fidel Castro; comes
from a rural, though well-to-ao, family; joined Fidel Castro in the Sierra Maestra in the first months [soon] after his arrival from Quintana Root in Mexico vrith the Gramma expedi- tion; is said to be in love with Castro as well as fascinated by his Communist sentiments, and follo\>rs Fidel Castro everywhere; attended, together vrith Vilma Espln and other Commiinist women, the Chilean "fiongreso Femenino" [ Jomen' s Congress] of proven Red stripe; has great influence with Fidel Castro,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 559
LUIS HAIlTlHIg PAULA. — \-isiS a member of the Party; was photographer for
the newspaper Manana and had previously been with the newspaper Hoy; upon the overthrow of the Batista government appropriated the workshops of Manana, ovmed by Jose Lopez Vilaboy, and continued publishing the paper under his direction, and changed the paper's name to Diario Libre; likes money and, therefore, betrayed his best ftiends, such as Luis Pozo Jimenez, and Erancisco Chao, Secretary to Eusebio Mujal i^ien he was Secretary for the CTC; in partnership with Ghao bought a publishing house of l!ujal, obtaining a commission of six thousand pesos; is now said to be trying to arrange for a visa to enter the United States, the pui-poses of Ms trip being unicnown.
ivIlHiiLDO BSCAIORA. — Lawyer and active member of the Pai'ty ever since
the days of his early youth; an expert in the manufacture of aynamite bombs ana in their cetonation. Because [sic — altJiough] a Rebel officer hac shot one of his brothers to ceath in the jail of a police station, Escalona agreed, not to pro- secute the accused officer through [in exchange for] the post of Deputy hearing Jucge of [the] Havana [l^istrict] , This reveals his sentiments ["makeup"] and that he is capable of aiiy malfeasance,
CTCOLAiS GUILLM. — Active member of the Party anc on its 'jcecut?.ve
[Board] ; outstancing poet; has traveled in [Soviet] Russia, Kexico, Venezuela, anc. other countries; at the present tijne is indoctrinating I:ebel soldiers and inliabi-tants of the Gasa Dlanca [city] district in Goraraunist ideas and practiced; frequently lectures in the cultural centers of the couiitry; is saic. to liave in liis posses- sion an important oocuaent vrith Lcontaining] tiie nanos of national and foreign contacts ["contacts at home anc. abroad"].
560 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
SEVglO AGUIRlia. — Active member of the Coranunist Party; lias recently
been in [Soviet] Russia, and according to good [reliable] soiorces, instructions [orders] are being sent to the Cuban Communists through his intermediary; a dangerous saboteur; has numerous contacts in foreign countries.
L'JIl) QQI-Iffl WAtiauU-IllIL'.— Editor of the review Garteles; has a daily- section [program] on [radio] Station Q-'Q; frequently perfonm^ on televised progi^ams; has Communist ideas [ideologies] and is, supposedly, well connected ;ri.th the Party leader- ship, but lias never, as he is doing now, given vent to his thoughts. One of his sons died in the attack on the Presidential Palace, He is thought of as an "evil fellow", capable of betraying his best friends for the purpose of attaining his objectives; outstanding member of the "Instituto Nacional ue Turicmo" [National Tourist Institute] ; lias repeatedly expressed himself against the United iatates over radio and television.
HAMUliL Ora'HjA. — imnouncer for Station CMQ; works on programs for
[sponsored by] Casa Bacardi [Rum?]; has been affiliated with the Conmunist Party for years; now a member of the "Announcer Militias" and makes no bones about expressing his hatred of the North /anericans.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 561
AUaUoTO IIAP.IIMEZ a^J^CIiIiZ.— Was first Minister of Defense of the present
Cuban regime; when that lllnlstry was cils- solveo he was appointed Minister of Labor; was In the ^iei'ra Maestra with Ficel Gastro; acted as Maglsti-ate In the V/ar Council [sic — Tribunal, acijuclcatlng] the aviators who, in spite of the fact that they hac been acqulttod In the former court decision [in the first instance] , v/ere, upon his plea ano threatening attitude, by Castro' s orders sentencea to thirty years of hard labor; active Party worker- and lawj-er; is responsible for the labor census with a view to i^tate control of the worK performed^ 5n private industiv; is ant i-.\mer lean.
RiiUJCIiJCO ALHDMa). — artist; ias irorkeu in the theatre and on
television [programs] ; lias plenty of control Lis very influential] in the Actois' oociety; an olc Communist, wl.th strict iceas; always plays peasant parts, to give vent to liis animosity against Horth iimerica; is iaio\m among the artists as "Paco" Alfonso; is made use of as propaganaist for the Party,
GU>jTAVD ^iLDUlBI^JlA.— Plr/-siclan; lias always been affiliated with the
Communist Party, Ijarly in 1959 he was nominated to one of the independent organizations [or agencies] under the Ministry of Health; but since he is an Intimate friend of Haul Rob. he was appointed Cuban ilmbassaaor to Belgrade, He has always worked with Pwoa In Communist activities [affairs]; is a man in whom the Party has confidence.
562 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
AITi'OlHQ NUCTEZ J'li-lJlVJo. — In our opinion, he ano iimesto Guevara are
the two most inportant figxa'es in the de facto government of Cuba, Nunez Jimenez is an old member of the Communist party o In 1950 he accom^saniea some 3ur'opean scientists, who turned out to be from the ooviet Union, on an excursion to the bierra Maestra and, upon verifying the 5-iipregnability of those mountains, they suggest- ed to Castro that he should organize a revoli:tion from there. He also traveled jexploredl with those scientists to the caves existing in Las Villas and Pinar del Rio; has just completed a tour of several countries behind the Iron Curtain, of Coimmmist China, among others, promoting traoe agreements with those nations^in accordance with the Joviet plan to take exports away from the United States, He was a Professor at the "Marta Abreus" Universitj^ of Santa Clara. At present he is Director of the Land Pieform Institute, a super-state ["supra- state"] organiza- tion with lai-ger resotu-ces [funds] tiian the State itself. He is a man of intelligence, of anti-American ideas [ideology], and has recent- ly made public, in an appearance on TV, the existence of a plan for government control of all private industries and businesses, whereby Cuba woulc be the first Socialist Republic of America,
SjlLV;JjOR G;U'-CIA AGUIjI^O. — old member of the Sxecutive of the Communist
party; a brilliant orator, with a large following among the Negro race. His record shows an infinite number of arrests for his Goiranunist activities, ^it the present time he is not playing an active role because of illness,
mGUSL OUIKT.J^O. — Labor leader of Communist iocology; in conjunction
iifith L^zai'o Pena aavised David v-^alvacor ana other leaaers of the Cuban Confederation of Jorkers [or of Labor] ; an active moraber of the Party, anc entrusted with affairs of ^jportance as re- gcxos the cause of Communism, It is not loioxm what his attitude will be after ijalvador leaves the C.T.C.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 563
yiCrOK Mlj'U'JiJi'i.. — iirtraordinarilj active GorimunTt.t niil5.tant; 15.kevr3.se a fri.enc of Lavio oalvac or . Li'.ke ncny otl:ei' active Party mcTiibc-rs he \/ork£ clant esti.nely, to prove to the tlorth i^mericans tiiat he has cut hit. ti.es vn.th the above laboi- union.
L'JIo M-4.0 i-I.L.^il'1. — Captein of the ilebel A^'ny, anc at the present time,
not\-ri.thstanc.ing his mi.litarY status, vnrites an occasional section [column] 5.n the newspaper Hoy . official organ of the Goinminist x^arty; his recorc is on file vn'.th the police ana the l'l;l; V,V.6 .:£C3ri'LY uZ^fi' TO ChiL2 EI KLiL CAoTi^O FO-l THE tURPOSS OF i-fJDOTAGIiiG PESjIUHJT SLu>3niOWlIl'S TIUP.
lixlAULlQ GO j'.'Z-aL Ki . — Jictive member of the ConmianiEt Partyo His last
action, which lee" to his arrest, was the distribu- tion of the Carta L)e-~nanal. a Communist propa^anua sheet v^iich the Party is usee to publishing when it works undergrounc; enjoys the corJ"iccnce of the high Party leadership because of his proven loyalty; sei'veu a si:< year sentence for being a Communist, but was set free, when ridel Castro too.c over, upon "Che" Guevara's ordei's.
564 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
LiDNljj LiOTQ. — Active propagandist for Communism; sttidied Marxist
tactic& in Moscow anc Prague; upon his return to Cuba was entrusted witii the airoctorship and publication of the Carta bems-nal and cai-rieu out his task until he was arrested and sentenced to six years [in prison]; was set free upon "Che" Guevara's ordere;- at present in [Soviet] Russia on a special mission.
JUAN AIKUDA. — i^esent Chief of the Cuban Army; had previously com- posed numerous songs for little known singers; was a member of the [Communist] Party in the city of Guant^namo; has little polish, Wlien he fount himself persecuted, he fleo to the Sierra Maestra and joineo up with Fioel Castro, but other people said that he establish- ed contact with Fidel in Mexico, When Castro took over, he was appointed Major in the Arn^y and, subsequently. Chief of the Air Force when Major Peoro Luis Diaz Lanz resigned his post; he was later appointed Chief of the Army, replacing Major Camilo Cienfuegos who had inyster5.ously uisappeared. Almeida is backed by Raul Castro, He has always been singled out for acts afforcing an opportunity to harrass the White race, such as [,for instance,] the crowning of the Beauty Queen or the Carnival Queen dancing with them and taking than away to an alcove, to raaice a fool of them. He says that "thanks to Communism, he may do so "["Communism allows h5jn to do that"]. This man's father passed himself off as a Peruvian lawyer in exile, and has several times been accused of swindling in Havana,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 565,
Lj'lUIuL.^ GONZALlg CAr.V/iJ/iL. — Man of action, and very active in the
Communist Party; has always carried on his activities in Oriente Province vAere he replaced Cesar Vila as Provincial Governor; cooperated with Castro's propaganda [collaborated in Castro's propaganda activities] in the cjierra Maestra, and interceded in the alliance between the "26th of July Movement" and the Communist Party, in agreement with Carlos llafael Rodriguez, because of which he enjoyed great ascendency with ["...a controlling Influence over,,."] Fidel Castro and his brother Ratll; is a terrible enemy [sic] of the North Americans,
JO^E LUIS GALBIilS. — Spanish citizen; fled his coxmtry at the termination
of the [Spanish] Civil V/ar; since that time has
been active in Mexico and Cuba, finally settling down in this country
[Cuba] where he first obtained a [teaching or administrative?] position
with the University of Oriente, and, because he had been cooperating
[collaborating] with the revolutionists, they then appointed him
Director General of Prisons and Chief of Penal Institutions; has well
deflnea Communist ideas, and is a friend of the poet Micolfis Guillen
for whom he arranged a show ["a reading"] at the "Teatro de Artes
Plistlcas" of Santiago, Cuba; organized in the same city a Communist
propaganda affair [meeting] at Party headquarters [located] at 158 Callgde Kstrada Paliaa [Santiago, Cuba],
566 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
CASi'O fKISIO LOMaNiXili. — Active Communist, and man of action in the
(have you. any ;vay Party; raanuTactured, together with Leonel iioto,
of checxdng whetlaei'
or not the first the Carta uemanal. because of which he was
name is accui'ate —
shoulan't it be sentenced to six years in prison, and [but] set
CAoTL0V~I3l)
free upon "Che" Guevara's orders. At the
present time he is Con^troller of the "Fincas Karoca", [large landhold-
ings] owneu by Col. Robert ana llr. Mestre, his former bosseSo Mesti'e
has just been sentenced to 20 years in the penitentiary for conspii-acy,
jprieto then undertook to seize tiie lots Lpieces of real estate] from
those who hao acquii-ec. them in good faith, allejjin^ tliat they were "ill-
^"otten property for [the purpose of] illicit enrichment -uncer the
Dictatoi'ship" ,
RAI'AEL iaVBRD PUi\).— Goiomunist loaoex- of Uriente, and member of the
"Juventuc Socialista i'opulai'" Li'eople's iJocialist Youth] ; intimate ll-iend of Major Haul
Cai^tro to the e:-ctent tiiat he stoou up as iri.tneSE at the recent wedding
of Kaul and ViLas. tilspln in >.>antiago, Cuba; man of action, ana dangerous
in respect to acts of sabotage.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 567
IDi'JUUM IIIBIMO. — Racio announcer; previously vrlth tlie Coimnunist
i^arty's "Mil Diez" Network, whence he vehanently voiced his Goinmunist sentiments; was marrieu to the artist [or actress] Olga GuiUoy, because of which she was not permitted to enter the United btates after she had been elected Cuba' s "Radio Queen" l^ueen of the Air Waves",., bettei', maybe?? — Hi]; cannot be trusted very much.
HVIIUl LliiZ. — Iia^j for many years been a stuaent of the "Escuela de
Pecarjogia" i_ijchool of ScVacation] of the University of liavana, anc intei'mittantly carrieu out tiie functions of Chief or i'resident of the University itucent Federation, Giving way to her aspii-ation ["Yielding to her ambition"], she accepted the post of Chief of Security of the Congress; has well defineci Communist ideas [oefinitely Goramunist ideology] ; belongs to the terTorist groups of the city of havana who plant bombs in different spots in the Capital; has just incurred the repudiation of the veterans, ana of a large por- tion of the citizeru'y, for cenj"ing the liberators the pension v;hich some of them hue, been collecting [based on a Resolution approved] by the Congress, something which nobocrr hac. [_wou1g have] cai^ea to co in Cuba because of the respect inspii'ea by those who had given us oui- freecom.
43354 O— 60 — 8a-
568 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
MANUHi F^JNfANDEZ.— His identification is difficult in view of the lai-t;o
nianber of persons listed here, but we shall put him down for having been Minister of Labor of the present
Conmunist govei'nment of Cuba, He is a member of the Party and said to
be an expert on labor problems. He was i"ecentl;y separated from his
post sind replaced by Dr. Augusto Martinez Sdnchez,
MiU-IUIiL PiflliLrX). — ^^a.ior in the Rebel Arm;y-; has well iaioim [definite] Communist ideas; was Chief of the Military Distri.ct of Oriente, but was recently replaced in his post by the likewi.se Communist Major Calis^o Gai'cia; a short time ago \is.s transferred to Matanzas, and went over to the General i^taff; is mt^rried to an American citizen witli whom he too a son; no fui-tuoi" information [available] about his activities.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 569
L/I^IINIO BaGALONA.-- Ma.ior in the Rebel Army and Chief of the Military
[I feel pretty Listrict of Pinar del liio; was affiliatea vdth
sure that this
name alibuld be the ComDiunist Party; at the present time the
spelled IIHIIINIO-
00 you have any people of finar fear him, because of his blood-
way of checking; — SHJ thirsty instincts, to such an extreme that he liac
incurred the repulsion of everybody. He is a man given to drink, and
many of his actions are the effect of intoxication. He is said to
have killed a group of expeditionaries sent by the son of Jose M, /ilein^n
when he ijas holed up in the Sierra de los drganos in Pinai^ del Rio
during the Batista administration.
AUGU3TIN NAViMRSL'E.— Known as "Tin" Navarrete; Major in the Rebel Anqy,
Chief of Maestre Military Headquarters of Oriente; thought to be a Communist, although there is no recorc of his past public performance because he has always acted clandestinely [under- ground] ,
570 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
A[Tl'Oi{lQ Luzon. — ^Ilajor in the l-.ebel iirmj, Chief of ooction G-2,
Personnel, General Ltaff, anc abcolutel;,' truLitec. by ■':(aul Gastrr.' n.s recarceo at; an inc ivic ual v/ith CoLomunist iceaa, but there is jrther inforrnation ac to hit; pact pei'fonnance.
LjIi-^-- .XiLiJ.:. — .*ctive CoimauniBt leacei"; c esignated to give classes on Marxist doctrine [incoctrination courses] to solaiers, sailois, ant members of the "26th of July liovement"; has raaue several visits to tile coun'ti'ies beiiinc" the Iron Cui'tain and brought booses into Cuba whose tebct hat, already been translateo, into opanisli. It is iFDjortant that she should be v;atchec in order to find out wliei'e she 15.ves anu the places that ai-e frequentsc", by her.
VIGTOll IIO-wl. — Active militant of tiio Communist tarty; is now a Captain Lprobablj'' Lt. Col. in this particular case in vlev of the impoi'tance of the job; hence, ranlcing with "capitdn de
cueu'tcl" — Ai] in the Tiebel lirmy, Chief of the Tactical Forces of the
Gai^rison in the Minas ae [m.ines of] Hlo IVn.o y oan Lorenzo, in the
tiiei'Ta liaestra.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 571
JUAil TAC^UaDnili. — Iimjortant member of the Communist Pcj-ty ^n Orients
Province, ano leader of the maritme \;oricers in the i'ort of Santiago, Cuba; very active; considerec trustworthy with a viev; to carrying out ["s-chievins?"] all of the missions entrustea to hm.
JO oiiH^ MA VIL' AUR^lS-'A . — I'larr i eo to ki-, Juan Mar inello; teacher in the
Havana "liscuela Normal ce Hujeres" [Vfomen' s Teachers College]; active Gonmunist and propa^ancist of those [Comraunist] iceas; is consiuereu a vei'y intelligent woman ano of sufficient merit to be entrusted \,rith the inc octiination of the young people in her school.
^i^IlAflDO VOliitao. — Lieutenant in the F.ebel iUT.Ty, oecond [_ Assistant]
Chief of Section 0-2; ricdces frequent trips to Mexico to execute Li" cocvliance \<ri.th?] orcers; visits the soviet iJnibassy there; active Communist, anc trusteu absolutely by P.aul Castro and by the Par-ty,
572 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ALBJANDPJtK) BORROTQ. — Newspaperman; had vrorked on the newspaper Hoy;
had been affiliated with the Coinniunist Party; also worked on the newspaper Mariana; is presently working on the news- paper Avance. but his services have [just] been terminated because, after havinjj been removed from his paper, its director and owner, Jorge Zayas Menendez, has been reinstated, Borroto is a Communist and
has been accused of collecting signatures to bring charges against Jorge Zayas, All members of his family are likewise Communists,
Vi\DlN KATCHHIGIN. — Member of the Secret Service of the Soviet Union In
[Russian name: Mexico, making ftequent trips to Cuba; entertains "Vadim,..3iJ
an intinfite friendship w^.th Lt, Armando Torres;
Vadln [first name; should be referred to, in this case, as "Katchergin"-
Sl] was in Cuba in May 1959, and subsequently retiirned in November
of the same year, to attend the inaviguration of the E>cecut5.vc of the
Cuban Confederation of Workers,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 573
FERNANDO KAAH. — Has been aff-lliatea w5.th the ?arty ever since worlcing
as a reporter on the newspaper Hoy; at iiie present time works for "Radio Progreso" and calls himself a great frienci of the Chief of Police, Eficrenio Amei.ieiras. There is no information as to his present connection with the Party, but it is to be assumeci that he is maintaining his former affiliation.
ANTOLIN VILLAMANDOS.— Physician, of the Communist faction of the National
College of Medicine; has made various trips to [Soviet] Russia and to the countries behind the Iron Curtain, and does not hesitate to demonstrate his enthusiaam for the Communist countries; Is qualified as an [",,,is a very skillful,,,."] agitator and Is feared, therefore, not only by the non-political physicians but also by those who belong to his own group.
PI goo GONZALEZ MARTIN.— Physician; Communist; belongs to the Agitator
Group of the National College of Medicine; has also been In Prague; is considered a man of action and active militant of the Party.
^74 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
I'JUX iLLlZA^TjjG'Jl . — Pliyslcian. with definitely ConiiminiEt iceas;
one of those who tried to soc5.alize the medical career [,,viz: to introduce "socialized medicine"] in Cuba; is con- sidered a mass agitator and aangerous man.
MILlQ QUES.;\DA, — Physician; Communist; [member] of the agitator group of the Mational College of Iledicine, who has irr^osed himself on the class ["has risen to a position of authority"] by way of intimidation; a goou orator anc\ nuin of action.
AtlGPX QUIjrriiI"'jO. — :Ias been a reporter on the newspaper Hoy and an active i-'ai-ty meraber since before 1940; worked as a newspaper- man in the "Cficina ce Regulacion de Precios y Abastecimiento" [Office of Price ana supply Regulation, or Control] during World War II, and also in the Commerce beixirtment; his wife is also an active Communist, He worked on the nev/cpapers Lanc/or pei^iocicals] illerta and Bohemia [really a magazine — 121] , ana is now worlcing on I'.evolucion. which is the official government organ,
[TO BS COKTlrHUJ__next name ZjrJQ'JS G0tTZALS2 Translatea by lIAMTIiCi]
Elizabeth Hanunian June 3, I960
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 575
StgiiaUE GOHZiiLffl MAMTai.— Afflliatec with the Party for many yearsj
worked in the "Mil Diez" broadcasting station of the Commiinist Party; orchestra conductor, and recently sent his musical productions to [Soviet] Ptussia and Prague for per- formance in both cities.
WALEO MH)IIIA. — Convinced Communist; a lawyer and [former] Judge in Havana [ courts] ^ from ^^ich office he was separated because of Ms Communist resolutions [decisions?] during the Batista administration; harbors a fierce hatred for the Americans and misses no opportunity to hurt them, for which reason he was denied entry into that country [USA] some time ago; at the present time is Chief of the Legal Section of the Land Reform Institute (INRA) , from which post he is carrying on intensive [pro]CommimiEt activities among the peasant population and trying to prejudice the North American landowners in connection with the confiscation of their iBndholdings and other properties.
576 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
JOSE PAFXO LLAJjA. — In addition to being a Comnianlst, is a man without
morals; emerged in public life through his radio commentaries; was a friend of Batista from whom he received money in order to get married and spend his honeymoon in Miami; afterwards, iriaen finding that he could get no more money from him, he started to attack him over the radio; later came to the United States and joined up with the conspirators, being present at the [signing of the] Treaty of Montreal, but subsequently attacked the treaty; when the situation became untenable for him because of lack of money, he resumed his contact with President Batista, through Orlando Piedra. from whom he received a sum of money every month; finally he went up to the Sierra Maestra and joined up with Fidel Castro, submitting to a humiliating trial to clear himself of his treachery which had victimized even Sduardo Chivas; when Castro took over, he found no in^iortant opposition but, all the same, made himself available for participation in several m5.ssions to visit foreign countries and to work on behalf of the Cuban Revolu- tion; although not appearing to be affiliated with the I^rty, he now presents himself as a rabid Communist and demonstrates [gives vent to] his hatred of the North Americans because they had refused him a visa to enter the USA; he had held himself out as a friend of President Per6n and had several times invited him to visit Cuba, without, however, an acceptance from Peron; Pardo Llada is a man who cannot be trust , because he is capable of | commit tingj the worst felonies for money.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 577 ^tAMIS TABOAPA, — Sympathizer with the CcJimtiunist ideas; was legal advisor
to the Soviet Einbassy in Havana, established, for some timt
on Calle de Paseo y Quince, Vedado, Havana; is a lawyer, biit there is no knowledge of any other activities on his part.
MANUBL D3.. F'ESO. — Old militant of the Communist Party to [on] whose
Executive he belonged [served]; in 1958 was active in Santa Clara vdiere he supplied the forces of Camilo Cieafuegos by re- quisitioning food and anmmnition from the business establishments and inhabitants of the city; later was a member of the Revolutionary Tribunals sentencing to death and executing numerous members of the Army and civilians, many of them con5)letely innocent, for the single fact that they had been anti-Communists; a man of bad instincts, a terrorist, and must be ^.etched in case of war to prevent acts of sabotage on his part.
Not clear whether the Soviet Embassy was "established" there, or Taboada "lived", or had offices there, - Translator.
578 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
FELIX TORRES.— .^aj or in the Rebel I^my, and affiliated with the
CommtiniEt Party; Fidel Castro himself had assured him in the trial of Hubert Katos "that one could not oust him from the post, despite [his] being a Communist, because of the many services [he had] rendered to the revolution".
EJIRIQUE MOin'ON.— Ma.ior in the Rebel Army, and affiliated with the
Gommianist Party; obeys the orders of the Party more than he does those of the Army Command, according to what he told his friends; believes that Cuba must terminate its relations with North America and make treaties with [Soviet] Russia and the countries behind the Iron Curtain,
URSlNlQ ROJAS.— VJas Secretary General of the FNTA (Federacion Nacional
de Trabajadores Azucareros) [National Confederation of Sugar Workers] in 194-8; active Communist and Party action man; friend of the late Jesus Menendez and therefore spoke at a CTC affair in honor of his memory; although now replaced by Conrado Becquer. continues to work among the workers in the sugar industry.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 579
VIOLHTA CaSaLS. — Artist working for CllQ; at present Secretary General
of the Society of Artists, having replaced Manolo Fernandez who was deposed by a minority for repudiation of the Conmmnist procedures put into practice by Fidel Castro's government; i5)on Fidel Castro's talcing over, she made a toxar of all of [Latin?] America, as a member of a mission of "whiskered" men in order to justify the firing- squaos, but in almost all nations visited by them they were repudiated for their praise of the death penalty; makes no bones about expressing her anti-ilmericanism, and openly declares her Communist sentiments.
ARMAMDO NUITSZ HSINaMjEZ.— Commentator on "Radio Kambl", and, although
said not to be a Communist, all his statements demonstrate the contrary; the majority of the scripts read by him over [the facilities of] that Radio Station are reported to be drafted try Carlos Rafael Rodriguez; every day launches the worst insults against the Americans, especially against President Eisenhower and Secretary Herter,
580 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
EUCLIIJES VAZQCTEZ CANDliliA. — Assistant Director of the newspaper
Fwevoluclon and well defined [definitely a "dyea-in-the-wool"] Communist; has now been placed in charge by the government of the newspaper Liario Libre, published [printed] in the Kanana workshops, for utilization of that paper in teaching the students of the iichool of Journalism; in his daily articles hurls the biggest insults at the North Americans, con^jlemented by the most serious crimes, so as to arouse more hatred of the United States on the part of the people of Latin America; is a dangerous man, and it is recommended that he be watched in order to find out where he lives and where he hides out; was recently married to Astrld Blonqulst* Sanchez ,
I.IA DE LA TORPIENTE. Fervent Comr\xinist, who works in the Ministry of
Culture [or Education] and carries on & terrible anti -North American
campaign.
*Probably the Scandinavian name Blomqvdst. Letter "m" changes into "n" in Spanish - Translator,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 581
OCTAVIO LOUIT (Cabrera) .--Member of the CTC Executive, and is,
although not appearing to be affiliated with the Communist Party, because of his deeds and the hatred mani- fested by him, against the North Americans; his Comnunist ideas are also shown by his designation to attend, together with Ramon Monteagudo. a meeting of Spanish and Portuguese exiles in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to request [the granting of] amnesty to the political prisoners in those countries [Spain and Portugal], The meeting could not take place and they are going to hold it in Havana at an early date; he is a political action man and dangerous.
JBSUS SOTO DIAZ. — Secretary- organizer of the Cuban Confederation of
Workers, now substituting for David Salvador who was ousted from office upon orders from Fidel Castro when Salvador tried to have Dr, Augusto Martinez Sanchez of the Labor Ministry replaced, to vAiich Castro did not consent. It Is believed in labor circles that Soto llaz will get David Salvador's post. Soto Diaz has Communist ideas and makes no bones about his hatred of the Americans, to such an extent that, on a certain occasion this year, he advocated an attack on the U.S. Einbassy in Havana in case the U.S. Government were to do away with the [Cuban] sugar quota or to engage in some other [type of] economic aggression against Cuba,
582 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ROSA VIZCAIHO DiAZ. — ATflllated with the Connmmist Party, and living
in her own home in the "MaSiana" District; worked in Cuba for the "Con^anla Cubana de Aviacion" [Cuban Aviation Conpany] as Jose Lopez Vilaboy' s secretary; now working with Vilaboy in the office opened by him in Guatemala,
IGNACIQ BlAN.— Priest; has always distinguished himself by his Leftist
ideas; although we have not proved [not been able to prove] that he is a member of the Party, he favors the Leftists in the pages of the review La Quincena.. which has been under his direction for some time; moreover, he admits to be an intimate friend of Carlos Franqui . Juan Marinello. and other well known Communists; a gifted man, he was working [at the time of] the revolution in the interest" of Fidel Castro,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 583 ADRIAN GARCIA HHMANDEZ. — Communist; current events editor for the
nevfspaper Hoy; considered a good vrlter and gifted individual. We have not been able to confirm his Party maBiber- ship. He studied in Prance; comes from an old Havana family who do not approve his militancy or his conduct; his father is a famous lawyer who does not share his beliefs either. He speaks several languages,
JDAN CARLOS ESPASANDE.— Theatrical and TV artist with deeply rooted
Communist ideas, making no bones about manifesting his hostility against the North Americans; has offered himself personally to Dr. Alfredo Guevara to do theatrical work "of the Communist stripe" [ i,e., on behalf of ComnunismL
RAMON MONrrEAGUDO.— Militant of the Communist Party; a gifted, and
very dangerous, man; was designated, together with Octavio Loult. to attend a meeting in SSo Paulo, Brazil, at vAiich the release of the political prisoners in Spain and Portugal was to be dananded, but vdiich jb etlng was postponed and will be held in Havana,
4S354 O — 60 — 8a-
584 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
RAMIRO VAIDES. — Ma.lor. and Aide to Fidel Castro, and \mtll a short
time ago in charge of the military police; was a member of the Grannna e!q)editlon, and is consideored loyal to the , Coraraunist Party in which he has always [held] militant [status]; a native of Artemisa, Province of Plnar del Rio,
JOSE PONCE. — Police Captain and Provincial Chief [governor?] of
Pinar del Rloj brother-in-law of Major Ramtro Valdes; has always been- an active Coraraunist and is an enemy of the North Americans,
GERARDO NOGUHU MARTINEZ.— Native of Pinar del Rio, and has always
been a m^.litant in the Communist Party; was appointed Military Chief of the Isle of Pines because ne is regarded as a man worthy of trust.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 585
LUIS HURT ADO. — Has always resided in the city of Pinar del Rio, where he is known as an active Communist; is now Captain of Police in San Jose de las Lajas, Province of Havana, and is regarded as a staimch supporter of the government and the Party,
HH3T0R CANCIANO. — Physician, and Communist s3Ti5)athizer; at present
Head of the "Ministerio de Recuperacion de Bienes" [Ministry of i'roperty Restitution] in the towns of ibrtemisa, Candelario, Saji Cristobal, ajid Los Palaciosj one of his brothers is in charge of Training of the Pinar del Rio Militias, and is also a convinced Communist.
RME BARRIOS. — Physician in Artemisa v±iere he is known for his Conmiunist
militancy, and bitter enany of the elements [members] of the past Batista government,
EVELIO LLglA. — A native of Pinar del Rio, vrtiere he was known for his Communist activities; now no less than right-hand man of Csmani Cjenfuegos. Minister of Public Uorks, with whom he was linked in the revolution in the town of Candelario.
586 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Fa3R0 MACHIN, — Inspector of schools, carrying on Connnunist activities
in that sector of education; engaged in an anti-American can5>aign of offense and slander, going so far as to say that the new students of his zone w3.11 be the future bitter enemies of the United States.
HORTEK^A LL£RA. — Retired schoolteacher; has always fought in the
Comraunist Party, expressing her opinion in public that the Soviet Union has tri'jmphed in everything over the United States, especially in the field of nuclear energy; at present devoting herself to denunciation of the; anti-Connrnnjsts, qualifying them as counter- revolutionists, and on her account many men and women have been sentenced to prison terms.
OSVALIO GONZALEZ. —Pharmacist in Candelaria, Province of Pinar del
Rio; and known in that city as active Connnunist.
JOSE JIMaiEZ.— At the present time Assistant Chief of Public V/orks
in San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio; has always been thought to have Conmunist ideas [and to be] capable of any felony.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 587
JOAQUIN HHlNAtOEZ. — ^Lawyer In Pinar del R£o, and active Conmunlst;
making sure that reference is made to the North Americans in injurious [offensive] terms.
NICASlQ HBiKAIIDSZ. — ^Lawyer in Pinar del Rio, and active Communlstj
carrying on such propaganda work as the Party orders him to do,
JOSE LUIS GOMZALSZ CARVAJAL. — Communist for more than twenty years, and
active leader throughout the Province of Pinar del Rio; now General in Command of the Militias, his wife being no less than Head of the Department of Investigation of the city of Pinar del Rio and also an active Comnoinist,
BDUARLO CAMTON REYBRAVD. — Public [school] teacher, and old Communist
Party militant like his entire family; right now is indoctrinating urban and rural workers, exhorting than to defend the country in case the AmericeLn forces should land, accord- ing to his own words.
588 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
lailUiQUE CAIJTON REYBRAVO. — Labor leader; member of the Communist Party;
brother of the above [Btiviardo] . This family [Canton Reybravo] is con^iosed of more than 20 members of both sexes, all of whom are affiliated with Communism and carry on an active camp&lgn. in the interest of the Party,
SMTCS GONZALEZ. — Director of and teacher at the "Institute de Pinar
del Rio", vriiere he inculcates the young people with his Communist ideas and his hatred of North America; in this indoctrina- t5.on work he has been successful since m^. ly of theoc [his] students have joined the militias of the Province,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 589
UNlVHlSD SAITCHEZ. — ^Ma.lor in the Army and in command of the Matanzas
District; has always been [animated by] Communist and anti-American ideas; when finding himself persecuted by the police, because of his terrorist activities and acts of sabotage, fled, leav- ing his home, and joined up with Fidel Castro to remain in the Sierra Maestra until January 1959.
-Fervent follower of International Communism and has always distinguished herself by her activities for the Soviet Union and against the United States, When Russian [Soviet] Vice Premier Mikoyan came to Cuba they embraced in front of the statue of Marti, in Havana's Central Park, a photo of which appeared in [a] February issue of Life magazine.
ALPRaX) lABUH.— Son of Syrian parents; lawyer with well defined Communist
ideas; at the present time holds the office of Minister of Justice and in all his speeches reveals himself as an enemy of the North Americans; Is working on a project to abolish the notaries' offices, as a step preliminary to the abolition of private property, by which he has incurred the repudiation of Cuban lawyers and notaries.
590 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
AMHIIOQ DOMINGUEZ. — Lieutenant in the Army; has been appointed Chief
of the Havana Militias; convinced Communist and inculcates the members of his militias with his beliefs, in particular, with hatred for the North Americans,
EDUAKX) PALACIO PLANAS. — Old militant of the Communist Party; President
of the "Confederacion de Profesionales de Cuba" [Cuban Confederation of Professional Workers] , from which post he carries on intensive anti-American activitiesj is a mestizo by race; has a pharmaceutical laboratory [probably drugstore, or "pharmacy"] ; is a [political] action man and very dangerous; was intensely active in the fight against Batista in the city of Havana, although he did not have to go to prison.
ALFRaX) MiUlTIH3Z CAIDagM.— Active Communist; at present Political Com- missioner of Oriente Province, from vdiich post he carried on intensive activities in the interest of the political and commercial union of Cuba and the Soviet Union.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 591
aiRIQUE M. MANZAND. — Captain in the Rebel Army, and a man of definitely
Communist ideas; at present stationed at Palma Soriano where he carries on pro-Connnunist activities among the rural people, under the pretext that this is the only form in which the people could contribute to Cuba's economic and political liberation.
HAStCUEUi MACH0SV7KY (MACHOVSKYQ — Captain in the Rebel Army, and, although
we were unable to find out what his nationality is, he is believed to be Ukrainian or Polish. He is a convinced Communist ajad hates the Americans; at the present time he is discharging his functions as Army Captain in Jaguey Grande, Matanzas Province, keeping vigilance in order to prevent the people from find- ing out what is going on in Cienaga de Zapata,
FELICIANO MADERNl. — A lawyer, but previously, under President Gerardo
Machado's administration, was an army man; Fidel Castro's Communist regime has now appointed him a Deputy Judge of the bupreme Tribunal [Court] of Cuba; is known for his openly Communist activities.
592 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
■hEMAIJDO ACOarA CORPjRO .—Major in the Rebel Army, and Chief of the
Cultural Section of the Regiment of the CabaEa Fortress; has always been distinguished for his Comnninlst activitie^ vrtiich he is now pursuing among the troops, with the coopera^ tlon of the Communist leader and poet Nicolas Guillen, vdio gives fre- quent lectures on Marxism at that military fortress, to vdiich the fishermen living in the Casa Blanca district are given access because they are easy subjects for the assimilation of Communist ideas.
GMaiAL iUiBIiRTO BATO. — Is neither a general nor a colonel; was a sin5)le
major diaring the .:^nish Civil War and fled from Spain to take refuge in Mexico; he trained the members of Fidel Castro's expedition, from Quintana Root in Mexico to Oriente Province in Cuba, [to] a place known as Bellx, Although he is a Communist auid enony of the North Americans, he cannot be trusted because for money he would betray even his best friends. General Acensio, of the Spanish Republican Army, made a lengthy report on Bayo, having harsh things to say about him because of his procedures, Bayo took advantage of Castro's victory to obtain economic benefits for himself and official positions for his son and other manbers of his family.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 593
ROGajIO ACEyaX).— Was recently appointed Chief of the Militia Leader- ship ["SuproBe Command"] and instructs the manbers who have secondary education; has deeply rooted Gonmunist ideas and hates the North Americans j in his lectures he tells tiie militiamen that ONE MTJST ^E PREPARED TO KILL THE U.S. NA^/Y BOYS WHO fas soon as they?] STEP ON CUBAN SOIL.
OSCAR PiNO SANTOS.-- Militant of the Communist Party and absolutely
trusted by Fidel Castro and Captain Antonio NuSez Jimenez; at present is Section Chief in the Land Reform Institute; has been most avid in the caaipaign for the confiscation of property of North American citizens; a dangerous man and capable of sabotage whereby he contributes to the success of International Communism,
LEDNIJES CALDgllO. — Supposedly a relative of Bids Roca, i.e., Manuel
Calderio, but we have been unable to confirm this particular; was in the Sierra Maestra acting as political commissioner and inspiring [indoctrinating] the Rebel soldiers with the Marxist doctrine; was recently sent by the goverrunent on a mission to Egypt; is a convinced Communist,
594 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
RJMON ]!n:OOLAU.--01cl militant of the Communist Party, to whose Ebcecutlve
rOroupl he belongs I or belonged] j after Castro took over, was appointed, upon the recomniendation of Carlos Rafael Rodriguez and "Che" Guevara, to give lectures before units of the Arny so as to train than in Marxist tactics; has been in [Soviet] Russia and several countries behind the Iron curtain^ and there shovild be con- siderable background material on him in the files of the FBI.
LUlb FAJARDO ESGALQHA.— Major in the Rebel Army, but, nevertheless,
continuing in his job as Secretary of the Communist Youth of Cuba, which shows once again that the Fidel Castro regime makes no bones about openly exposing its status of Communist government.
ANTOMIQ MORMO LAMAS. — Physician; one of the agitators of the Communist
fraction of the National College of Medicine, vho has disgraced himself by accusing outstanding and world-renowned figures in the field of medicine in Cuba of con?)licity with the Batista dictator- ship; because of his hot tender he is considered a dangerous elanent as propagandist of Red ideas, and also capable of inplementing every kind of sabotage act.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 595
I
OaUNI ClENFUEGOS. — Comes from a family of Spanish Comraunists; brother
of Camllo Cienfuegos who has disappear ea; upon his [brother's] mysterious death he [Osmani] was appointed Minister of Public Works, for which office he lacks the proper qualifications; recently his father and mother obtained Cuban citizenship papers at an affair presided over by the Minister of State, Dr. U&dl Roa,
HiOY GUriHmEZ MaK) ID. —Major in the Rebel Army; active together with
Major William Morgan in the Escambray region; Menoyo comes from a family of Spanish Conmunists residing in the Luyano District; one of his brothers died in the ^nish Civil War, and another in the fight against Batista during the attack on the Presidential Palace; he and his mother made their mark in Spain with their Red activities, and that is the reason why they had to leave the country; Menoyo makes no bones about manifesting his Conniunist ideas and his hatred of the Americans,
HOHDRIO MUWOZ. — Communist militant and editor of the newspaper Hoy. official Party organ, from ;^ich post he carries on propaganda activities in favor of [Soviet] Russia and against North America; at the present time he is chief editor of the-paper.
596 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
MANUiiL DIAZ MARTINEZ.— A poet; obtained a fellowship from the Office
of the Director General of Cult\irc for going to [study in?] Spain, but was forced to leave Madrid when his Communist
activities were discovered and the activity against the Franco
Government in liiich he had begun to engage.
CAHLOS FAXAS VALHgNO.— Secretary General of the "Sindicato de los
Muslcos" [Musicians' Union] j is such a rabid Comnunlst that he returned to the Cultural Department [Cultural Attache's Office] of the U.S. Qnbassy the reading materials with which that Office supplies the press and [interested] readers; hates the North Americans to death and is a fervent Communist,
OSCAR F. KEPO. — Editor of the newspaper Revolucion. to which he was
ttrought by Carlos Kranqul; has always manifested hlrt- Belf as a person with extremely leftist ideas; in his articles he always expresses terrible hatred for the North Americans,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 597
SAMTIAGO MARTINEZ DOHOaO.— A Commimist, and, in addition, known as a
dangerous terrorist; recently infiltrated into Spain, carrying a French passport [ostensibly?] as correspondent for the Havana newspaper La Calle. but fled to Paris when it came out that he belonged to a group that had initiated a terrorist cemp&ign. in Spain, particularly in Madrid; is reported to have been sent [there] by Fidel Castro in order to get even with Ambassador Fojendio; he was acconqjanied on the trip by his cousin Antonio Abad Donoso: according to the Spanish Police, the two of them manufactured 250 dynamite bombs in Madrid, and they are said to have had [carried?] ^500,000 for the terrorist can^jaign in that country; one of their accoii5)lices died when one of the bombs went off, and Antonio Abac \i&a sentenced to death and executed, while Martinez Donoso escaped from Spain in a motor launch.
HjIA ALMgLPA. Cashier for the "Cdria" firm on Calle Reina in Havana;
active Communist making propaganda for [Soviet] Russia, and leader of a Red cell in that business [establishment].
598 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ROBERTO RMAU IIANDW. — Secretary of the "Juventud Deportiva" [Athletic
Youth] of the FNTA (National Confederation of Sugar Workers) in which he has a strong Comunist center j runs over to the Matanzas sugar [worker] unions to instruct the leaders of the organization to file petitions in favor of the Connnunist Government of Fidel Castro J is a terrible enemy of the North Americans,
DIOSDADO DEL POZO.— Was [a member of the] "Authentic" [Party] , but,
when Castro took over, stated that he was a Comnninist and anti-jlmerican, to such an extent that he was always found in the same place with Dr. Juan Marinello to give talks in the interest of Communism, and never tiring of praising the [Soviet] Russian-Cuban treaty.
BAUDILLO GASTi^J.Am.S.— A lawyer, Comniunist, and highly gifted nan;
recently appointed by Fidel as Chief of the Tourist Department, from which post he worked actively in favor of the Communist I^ty, fighting foreign tourism [tourist travel abroad] and explaining the need for encouraging national tourism [tourist travel at home] to admire the beauties of Cuba and to save the money formerly spent in the United States.
COMAIUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 599
EIDHi DOMMH^H B£WlTBZ.--Is deputy aide of "Che" Guevara and makes
no bones about giving vent to his pro-Communist syn^jathies; had received training in Marxist tactics.
DAVID SALVADOR. — On the occasion of his appointment as Secretary
General of the Cuban Confederation of Workers, he told newsmen at a press conference that he had been a Communist as a young man, but that he was not now. However, according to well inform- ed sources, he still is, and he only associates with Communist leaders such as L^zaro PeSa. and others. In addition, all his activities among the workers are geared to that end. He recently asked Fidel Castro for a vote of confidence — [a choice] between him and the Minister of Labor, Augusto Martinez Sanchez — and Castro decided in favor of Martinez Sdnchez, because of which he resigned from the CTC office; and, although his successor has not yet been officially designat- ed, Salvador is said to have gone back to his old office in the Sugar [Workers] Union in the Central Stewart, He also was a candidate for Councilman [or Municipal, or Provincial, Legal Advisor] in the Province of Camaguey for the Communist Rarty,
43354 O— 60— 8a 6
600 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ARNALDO EIVBRA.-- Meanber of the Revolutionary Tribunale of La CabalSa where he distinguished himself for his ferocity and bloodthirsty instincts; an old soldier of the Cabana Fortress, and when it was discovered that he was conspiring against the Batista government, he was discharged and he escaped to the Sierra Maestra to join up with Fidel Castro who made him a lieutenant in the Rebel Armyj boasts of his Communist status.
ODON ALVAREZ DE LA CAMPA.—At present, worker [labor] leader and well
known terrorist, having lost both hands in the explosion of a bomb which he was manufacturing; a man of evil instincts, giving vent to his pro-Communist feelings and his hatred of the North Americans; reoentlj^ embarked for a trip to Caracas, together with David Salvador, then going on to Paris for delivery there of a considerable sum of money, found to amoimt to over $100,000 (dollars), for the families of the crew members of the steamer "LA COUBRE", lAiich [provision] was not made, however, for the families of the Cubans vtxo had been victimized in that explosion; from Paris, Alvdrez de la Canpa traveled on to Moscow to undergo surgery on his hands.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 601 JOSE MARIA DE LA AGUIL IRA.— Secretary General of the "Federaclon
Bancaria" [Federation of Baxvlc Qi^jloyees] , who is primarily to be blamed for freezing the bank accounts and looting the safety deposit boxes in the banks; has very definitely CofflDiunist ideas; has always expressed himself against the North Americans; considered as the man responsible for the ruin of the banks in Cuba, for that reason greatly affecting the American bajiks establish- ed there.
ELBCTO PfljROSA. — Syuqjathizer with the Communist Party and engagea in
an anti-American can^aign; at present holding the office of Property [or Land] Recorder for which he was appointed by his old friend Alfredo Yabur, today Minister of Justice, to furnish facts ana figures concerning properties for purposes of confiscation by the Department of Property Restitution and the INRA [Land Reform Agency] ,
DR. SINESTO VSIA.— Director of the newspaper La Calle. and friend of
Luis Orlando Rodriguez; with supposedly orthodox ideas, but, after his appointment to La Calle. declared himself to be a rabid Communist, waging a terrible can?>aign against the United States.
602 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
GRfljQRlO ORTgiA. — Newspaperman, Corannmist, and presently holding the
post of .issistant Llrector of the newspaper La Calle; expresses himself against the North Americans,
KOGHjIO LUIS BRAVSr. — Chief of Information of the newspaper La Calle.
with well defined Communist ideas; is the person who has on band [and gives out ] all information [news and reports] against the North Americans and in praise of the Communist regime of Castro,
GUILLIiliMO aAHTlESTIiEAN. — Newspaperman; for two days acted as Conptroller
in the case of the newspaper T.1 Mundo when Floel Castro ordered the expropriation of all of Mr, Amadeo Barletta's holdings; is Communist and anti-American; at present is Administrator of the newspaper La Calle.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 603
LEVI MARREEO. — Newspaperman working on El CrlBol and El Pals; had
always distinguished himself for his extreme Leftist Ideas, but until now had not manifested himself as Communist, for fear of pressure by the Batista Qovernment. Fidel Castro appointed him Ambassador [at- large] , to travel throughout [Latin?] America, together with Carlos Lechuga. and to invite all countries to the "Conference of Underdeveloped Nations" which he has planned to hold in Havana this year, to afford him a starting-point for a continued [sustained] attack against North American iii5)grialian; has just been appointed Director of the newspaper ELJJundo, which is government-controlled j is well read and considered a man of many talents.
PaJRO MIRET.— Ma.ior in the Rebel Arny, and at present, Minister of
Agriculture; was in the ^erra Maestra with Fidel Castro, and has always manifested his Ccanmunist and anti-American ideas.
604 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
SBGUNDO CAZAUS. — Has Ctomraunist ideas; is Chief Editor of the news- paper La Calle. of which Mr, Manuel BraSa, of the Autentica Party, has recently been appointed director, Cazalis was recently sent to Venezuela to report on the revolution against Romulo Betancourt; is said to have Venezuelan nationality.
ROLANDO DIAZ ASIARAJLN.--Lt. Commander j was a Lieutenant in the Navy
under the Batista Administration and was discharged because of conspiracy ["plotting against the Government"], but Fidel Castro has now made him a Captain [de Corbetal j was first nominated Minister of Restitution of Property, replacing Dr. Faustino Perez, and, when that Ministry was abolished, was appointed Minister •of Finance, replacing Rufo Lopez Fresquetj the Restitution of Property has now become a department [function] of the Ministry of Finance; he and mar^r [ other] persons were enraged when they, though having no connection with the Batista dictatorship, were stripped of their properties; is a Communist and intimate friend of "Che" Guevara who had recommended htm for the post.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 605
SANTIAGO mAYDE, — Is a Comnninlst; Assistant Director of the "Rebel
Radio" Statlonj the editorials [commentaries] broadcast over that station every day bitterly attack the U.S. Govern- ment «
RME RODRIGUEZ CRUZ.— -Itoior in the Rebel i\riiiy; Chief of the Military
Area of the Isle of Pines, replacing Geraxdo Noguera Martinez who had been in command previously; has Coiraunist ideas and disseminates them among urban and rural workers.
ROSA, RAVHjO. — A lawyer and leading member [member of the leadership]
of UNRA (Unl6n Nacional de Abogados Revolucionarios) [National Union of Revolutionary Jurists] , an organization of pro- Communist lawyers who have never made any bones about expressing those ideas, pronouncing themselves in that sense on the Boards of the College of Jurists [Bar Association] of Havana; Is considered a woman of action; dangerous as regards sabotage activities; was s^jpointed try F5.del Castro "Abogado de Oficio de la Audiencia de la Habana" (Official Attorney [Public Defender or Prosecutor] on the Court of Havana) ,
606 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
aflilQUE QLTUaCY. — Present Minister of Communications; has definitely
Comniuiiist ideas, as do his wife and other members of his family; he, as well as his w5.fe, had pursued studies in Prague [University of Po] , together \d.th Raul Castro, hence his intimate contact wi.th the [present] regime; they have a seven-year-old son who is a member of the youth militias.
DR. RSillK) BOTl. — ^Minister of tlrie Economy of the [Castro] regime
by which he is held in great esteem; has always been considered a militant Communist and enemy of the North Americans, in spite of the fact that he had accompanied Fidel Castro^ as his personal advisor, on his trip to the United States in 1959 j is said to be one of the [sponsors of the] government's economic policy, and at first was said to have been the most highly placed representative of the Communist Party in President Urrut5.a's Cab5.net,
ALIYISX) RAMCAJTO. — Comraunist leader of the gastronomic [restaurant] workers, of which organization he irfas appointed Secretary Generalj as a favor to him, and to benefit the workers in that sector, he succeeded in having the Government authorize [legalize] gambling in the big casinos and first-class hotels, in order to pre- vent their being closed because of the absence of toiirists.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 607
PRANCISCO J:^EWALV£R.— Conmmnlst; President of the Party Youth [Communist
Youth] in Havana, and one of the organizers of the Fourth Congress of the Gonraunist Youth under the slogan: "Father- land or Deathj against Foreign Aggression] ",
CEaAR ESCALANTE.— Active Connnunist, as are his brother Anibal and
his entire familyj Secretary General of the Municipal Conmittee of the Communist Party in Havana, and Party [political] action raan-
MAKTA HIAYDE.— Prides herself on the title "doctor" [Ph.D.]; affiliated
vrf.th the Comnninist Party and president of the "Movement for the Peoples' Peace and Sovereignty"; collaborates on the news- paper Hoy, in writing for which she gives vent to her hatred of the USA and praise of [Soviet] Russia,
608 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
SERGIO AGUlRRE. — Active Comnunist; works as editor on the newspaper
Hoy, official organ of the [Conmunlst] Partyj is considered reliable for secret missions.
JUSTINA ALVAREZ. — Newspaperwoman j an editor of the newspaper Hoy; active
Communietj in charge of the "De la Mujer" section [Women's Pa^e] , and, in addition, gives interviews in which she has been displaying glimpses of her hostility toward the Americans and of her [pro] Red sentiments.
CARLOS FHINANDEZ R. — Newspaperman: editor of the "Slndicales" section
[Labor Union Page] of the newspaper Hoy; old Peorty militant, and. In consequence, an enemy of the North Americans; has told other Comnunist friends of his that the orders of the Soviet Union to be complied with In all countries of the world, especially in Latin America, aret "A sustained campaign of abuse and attack against the government and press of the United States, as a basis for [the ass\nnption of] control by Russia over the countries of Hispano-America" .
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 609
R03EKT0 GUTIHIREZ. — A Connnunist working on the newspaper Hoy; is
considered reliable for certain missions.
RAUL VALDES VIVD. — Assistant Director of the newspaper Hoy, and
extraorainarily active Comraunist, since he has always distinguished himself in the dissemination of Red ideas.
CiRLOS GARCIA SANTOS. — Communist and member of the Board of Directors
of Hoy.
JACINTO DEL PSSO.— Militant Communist for many years, and '..-cridng
on the newspaper Hoy, in the editorial department as well as in the printing shops; is considered a man of many talents.
ARMANDO LHJN ACQ ST A.— Is known for his Consminist ideas; now Chief
of the Militias of "Rebel Radio" where Vilma Espln herself warmly praises his loyalty to the cause.
610 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
DR. JOSE M. FIRUZ LAMY^ — Lawyer; member of the Conraunlst Party; is
reported to be advisor to the leaders of the organization on luportant matters on which he is consulted; is president of the Communist Jurists' [association] UNRA ("Union Nacional de Abogados Revolucionarios") [National Union of Revolutionary Jurists] ; has declared that he is a Communist at the meetings of the College of Jurists [Bar Association] of Havana; an orator, frequently speaking at Party affairs; an Intelligent and dangerous man,
FELIPE GUgiRA MATOS. — Major in the Rebel Army and at present Director
of Athletics; has always sustained Conmmnlst ideas; joined up with Fidel Castro in the Sierra Maestra, together with his two brothers who died in the fight against the Batista goverur- ment; now organizing the youth sports clubs, but for the purpose of training the youngsters in Marxist practices; makes frequent trips abroad, on a diplomatic passport since he cannot get visas because he is very [too] well known as a Communist,
gjQJA GIL. -—Member of the "Casa de la Cultura" [House of Culture] and
active Communist; recently made a trip to Mexico to im- plement a mission with which she had been entrusted; is a trusted Party member and ali,Bys expresses herself against the North Americans,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 611 RAUL CEPERO BONILLA. -Minister of Conmerce; known for years to have
sustained Coinraunist icieas; incurred the hatred of the merchants emd laboratory ovmers because of the drastic discounts he placed on comestibles and medicines, cuttine the price of many of than to below cost and thus causing the merchants to lose money; spokeanan for the government on the country' s sugar policy; has just returned from a trip to London to sirrange for an increase in the [Cuban sugar] quota on the world market, going from there to Japan to put the finishing touches on a trade agreanent; because of publication in the Diario de la Marina of an article critical of the erroneous sugar policy of the government Mr, Cepero wrote a scathing reply brano- 5jig the paper as a liar, which has resulted in a strong feeling that the newspaper may be 5.n for trouble any time after May 1; was economic editor of the newspaper Frensa Libre.
JUAN VALDES ORAVALOSA.— A lawyer, serving on the [legal staff of the]
Land Reform Institute; a convinced Communist; recently made a trip to Mexico establishing contact with the Communists in that Republic,
T
The paper was closed by the Castro administration about June 1, I960.
612 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ARMANDO liAIlT DAVALOS.— A lawyer, and now says he is not a Communistj
participated in the meeting w^.th the [Soviet] Russian Vice Premier^ Mikoyan^ to make a trade agreement between Cuba and the Soviet Union; i.ntimate friend of Fidel Castro, v*io appointea him Minister of Education; has clmnged the educational programs and interfered in private education; engaged in drafting textbooks convey- ing Communist messages directed against North America, as in the case of the Cuban geography [textbook] of Capt, Antonio Nunez Jimenez; is married to Haydee Santamaria, who also sustains Communist ideas, although they originated in the "26th of July Movement",; she is "Coordinator of the Ministry of EJducation", but actually in charge of that State agency, because of her husband's overly weak character [lack of drive] j Mrs. Santamaria [sic~"Mrs. Hart"] has been accused of having appropriated the last collection for and [proceeds from the] sale of bonds, which had taken place, on behalf of Fidel Castro's revolution, which sum is said to amount to $300,000 and which has not been accounted for.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 613
^OSE ANTONIO RAEASSA.— Lieutenant of the kcmy; at the time of Batista
vBs taken into custody for having killed a soldier in the Jtianelo District} is a wholehearted Communist and makes frequent trips to Mexico and Central Mexico [sicj , always via Ittanri. in order to carry out secret missions that are entrusted to himj is a dangeroiis man and must be watched because he is believed to have contacts in the United States.
VICTOR CARIOaO.— A Coraraunist, trained in Moscow; is reported to belong
to the MVD, but is active in Cuba, entertaining contacts w1.th the present heads of the Police Corps and the nrmy, especially with Raul Castro,
BglNABE ORLAZ.— A physician, director of the Mazorra Hospital; sustains
Communist ideas; was in the Sierra Maestra with pM.del Castro and is a trusted member of the farty.
Possibly Central America.
614 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
OR EST US VARELA. — Captain in the Rebel Arrt^; commentator for "Radio
Mabl", although the articles [scripts] are allegedly not written by him but by Carlos Rafael Rodriguez and some of the editors of the newspaper Revolucion; uses the most abusive and coarse language possible in his references to the North Americans; although denying his affiliation, he has actually been a Communist for years and has always carried on propaganda activities on behaK of Red ideas; is disliked for the language he uses oven to those same newspapermen [\^o are said to write his scripts] ,
PELBCaaiH TORRAS. — Old militant of the Communist ifirty and considered a skillful indoctrinator of the new crop of Party members; writes articles in Ho^; on various subjects, and is thought of as an intelligent man and excellent propagandist,
OMAR FliRNANDEZ. — Captain in the Rebel Army; at the present time.
Administrator of Customs of [the Port of] Havana, inviting to that place [to his office] notorious domestic and foreign Communists to present lectures to than on Marxist topics; t^s in the Sierra Maestra with Hdel Castro, and has always been conspicuous for his Communist ideas.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 615
JUAN MIDIHA VSaA. — Activist in the Comniimist Party; carries on intensive
propaganda activities against North American proaucts to the extent of calH.ng attention to those who cirink American drinks and [smoke] American cigarettes in the bai-s and taverns [of Cuba] .
JUAN NIURY. — University student; although he has no record of previous
Communist activities,, declared himself as sustaining Communist ideas after Fidel Castro's seizure of power; at the present time serves as "Interventor" [Comptroller] of the Allied Omnibus Cooperative whose nationalization is now being studied, ^n conjunction with several Communist leaders who are ar5)loyed by that transit coii5)any, which has caused extraordinary alarm among the small stock- holders by whom the coii5)any had been foundea,
MARIO GIL GONZilLEZ^ — Captain in the Rebel Army; now appointed "Inter- ventor" [ Coup tro Her] of the Phosphor [Process- ing] Plants which make up the Phosphor Trust established by Messrs, Casas and Lopez VJLlaboy under the Batista Administration; is well known for sustaining Communist ideas, and for that reason, to be sure, was given the job, the intervention falling in with the plans of Castro and "Che" Guevara to nationalize all industries, businesses, and public
utilities, thus elim-inating private enterprise which is regarded by than as the basis of the capital'' st system and in conflict with the Socialist
or Commun-ist order that they want to inpose on the people of Cuba,
JORGE GUBiajT^O. — Announcer for Ltation Cl-IQ; at the same time puts on
plays and acts as narrator; has a contract w5-th "Casa Crusellas"; has firmly l-nplanted Communist ideas; after Castro seized the power became an even more avid Communist, making special efforts to recite poems that contain messages directed against Yankee Inper-'al- 5 sm with socio-political designs in the Marxist propaganda vein,
43354 O— 60— 8a 7
616 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
lltiT OF COMMUNISTS WHO WERE INSTRIMEMTAL IN THE ASSASSINATION OF CAPTMN JOSE CASTAHO QUEVaX), ONE OF THE BEST iNVESTlQATORS OF COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES ON THE CONTINENT
ANGZL ?X) SALES RAUL FAJARtO ESCALONA FlDJL iX)MH^]ICH BMHEZ AITTONiO NUUEZ JIM5KEZ CASTO [sic] PRIETO DOMBtlBCH EMiLlO BailTEZ FRANCISCO PBflALVHl MIGUEL SAMPJSDRO miLlO VALDES BETANCOURT Hits ESPINO PiNELLA dLDO PSIEZ DIAZ ffilBSOPA) ORTEGA LIJLS MARTINEZ PAULA CARLOS PJIFAEL EODRlGUES ANlBAL BSCALANTE ALldA ACaiflMONTE MARREBO
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 617
COURT [PAMIL] BY VCUCH HE WAS TTJ-H)
ALVAi^ lUVrPD ALiDUao, President; Members of the Bench: EDUAETO QUINTAI^A: Pi'osecutor: JOSE A. SUAHSZ DE LA FUfME: Defender: Dr. Anibal Pachco [sic]*
[MIKBHIS OF THE] COURT OF APPEAL
VICTOR BORTON MAGHALO, President; Men±)ers of the Bench: OSCAR ALVARADO, ARl-IANDO CHOY, iLADiO KACHiN, ORLAI©0 BORRBGO; PELAYD FHlKANDiZ RUBiO acting as Prosecutor.
Possibly Pacheco.
618 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
CQMMuiaar. pro-communist. Airo antx-amijiixcm NSJa'APSRMaj
VICJ5WTE BAEZ, Administrator of the newspaper P.evolucion. COMMUNIST XTHISL LEDN, Art Director, " " "
GUILLIRMO CABR2U INFANTE, magazine section of " "
JOSE LORENZO, "EL JACOBINO", " "
ENRIQUE DE LA OSA, Cuba Section, Bohania magazljie. ANTI-AMERXCAN
ANTONlO DE LA OSA " " " "
JORGE QUl-NTANA, ex-Dean of the College of Journalists, "
EUDALDO GOTlERREZ PAULA, ex-Dean " " "
MARIO GARdA DEL CUETO, Press Bureau of MTA y Educacion. COMMUNIST LlSANDRO OTHIO, COMMUNIST
LUXS CONTE AGUERO, Commentator, "iladio Progreso", ANTI-MHUCAN MAxUO KUCHlLAI^, newspaper La Calle. AITTi-AMHUCAN and CCMMUNiST HjUARDO HHJTOR iiLONSO, newspaper piario Nacipnal. PRO-COMMUNIST CiiRLQS CASTAHaUA, Television panelist, PRO-CCWMUNIST TOMAS RBGALADO, President of the Association of [Newspaper] Reporters,
PRO-COMMUNlSr ROLANDO Ci\BR3lA, Bohemia magazine, PRD-COMMUNI ST and ANTI- AMERICAN THE lANiZ PUJOL BtlOTHEES (3) Bohemia. Prensa Libre, and
[Station] CMQ, PRO-COl'lMUNlSrS REl-NALDO PIJIALVER MORRAL, Chief, Prensa Policia Judicial,* COMMUNIST
TONIA SASTRE, COMMUNIST and ANTl-AMffilCAN ERNESriNA OTERO, COMMUNIST and ANTl-AMERlCAN
* Something like Police Gazette.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 619
FRANCISCO PBDHOaD, now without [a] newspaper [connection]; is
PRO-CCMMUNIST and CONFIDANT.
ERANblSCA CAD, obtained fellowship [or government subsidy for travel to ] Spain; is AtlTl-AMERXCAN.
620 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Ca«!lMUNlST PUBLICATIONS
At the present time, as a consequence of the increase ''.n Conmuniam in Cuba, numerous nevfspapers and magazines have resumed publication under the control of the Communist Party. In their pages a:i Intensive caj35)aign against the United States of America is being carried on, in accord with the instructions received from the Soviet Union, for the purpose of making trouble for North America in [its relations vrf.tQ the other Lat5.n American countries.
It is alleged by persons loyal to the daaocratic [cause] that the building situated at [Calles] 0 and 25, in Havana's Vedado, which houses the heaaquarters of the Radio Station "Rebel Radio", has an apartment on the top floor to which access is had only by VILMA BSPiN and by an individual of apparently Russian or German nationality [and which is being used] for communication with Moscow and the countries behind the Iron Curtain effected by short-wave amateur radio operators ["hams"] and via a special code. Many news items from the Soviet Union and Red China are received by this means of communication for dissemination in Cuba, Among the publ5.cations whose circulation has been resumed are the following:
Newspapers; Hoy, official organ of the Communist Party;
" Revolucion. official organ of the "26th of July
Movement";
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 621
IJevspapers; La Calle. controlled by Communists and antl.- Americans; " Si Miindo. at present directed by LEVI MARRHRO;
Magazines; Mella;
" INRA, official organ of the Land Reform [Institute] ;
" Funaamentos;
" Carta Semanal;
" La Chispa, published by the BacairJi [Company]
workers; " Nuestros Tiempos. directed by the Communist Party;
" Humanismo. whose dr-culation is prohibited in Costa
Rica, Furthermore, pro-Coraraunist publications vra.ging a fierce anti- North American campaign are the following: El Combat e. directed by Guillermo Jimenez, who made a trip to [countries] behind the Iron Curtain acconpanieo by the student leader Faure Chaumont and the so- called Capt. "Tony" Castell, In the printshops of Hoy and Arrcw Press, locateo at 13 Luyano, Communist propaganda pan^jhlets are being printed which are shipped to Central and South America, for distribution by Communist agents in the Lat^ja American nations.
622 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
RADIO STATIONS
The Communist Party and the government of Fidel Castro have at their disposal the following radio stations from which they carry on an intensive campaign against anyone opposing International Communism and Premier Castro' s government:
"Radio Rebelde", vrf-th a chain of 11 broadcasting stations on the Island;
"Radio Mambi";
"Union Radio";
"Radio Aeropuerto Internacional";
"Radio Voz";
"Radio Salas";
"Radio Cadena Habana",
They also have two TV channels in connection wi.th the^x pro- paganda activities.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 623
iNTlillNATiONAL 001^1 33 TJ-ONii
After Fidel Castxo seizeu the power in Cuba, the Coraraun^st Party, •'.n all-lance with the "26th of July Movement" , established from the Sierra Maestra numerous International connections to aefend the Goimiiunlst-type government In^iosed by terror on the people of Cuba, Also put Into effect was a [Soviet] Russ-'.an-Cuban pact, as a challenge to the Government
of the United States of America, IVom this treaty the Soviet Union emerged as tiie most- favored country because, since •'t d''d not have to pay Its sugar purchases with dollars. It [the Soviet Un^on] acquired them [the sugar] at a much lower price, below that established In the London Market and, even lower than the price subsidy paid by the United Sliates on that same product. However, by way of proof of further attacks against North America, the Communist Government of Cuba stopped its regular purchases of goods manufactured In the USA [the-'r value amoimtlng] to hundreds of millions of dollars, and exported [s''cj them [those goods] from [Soviet] Russia, fully aware of their inferior quality and of the lack of the indispensable spare parts.
Erom then on, hundreds of Russians, Chinese, and Germans started to pour Into Havana, as easily verified In the streets of Havana, L''kewlse, the so-called Junta Revoluclonarla del Carl be" [Caribbean
624 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Revolutionary Boai'd]^ wWch liad been set up purposely for fomenting agitation l.n the area of the Caribbean and in Central and South America, was strengthened, as evidenced by the expeditions which, departing from Cuba, had invaded Panama, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua, and which are no focusing their abusive attacks, precisely as they are doing in the case of North America, on Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua j and youth movements of strongly Communist stripe are being promoted in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.
For these ptirposes, the Cuban Communists have established Contact Cells with Communist leaders in countries of Latin Amer"'ca, namely: Raul Koa, Ernesto Guevara, Nicolas Guillen, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, Jose SLias Entralgo, Juan Marinello, Carlos I'Vanqui, Violeta Casals, and Tete Casuso, vAio maintain close contacts with foreigners advocating the same ideology, such as Hector Mujica and Ililario Cardoso, of Venezuela; Rodolfo Ghioldi, of Argentina; Salvador Allende, of Chile; Lombarao Toledano, of Mexico; Ldzaro C^denas, of llexico; Ernesto
Guerrero, of San oalvador; Li Min, of Red China; Rail Ocegueda, of
/
Guatemala; Vicente oaenz, of Costa R^ca; anu Guillermo Torriello,
of Guatemala,
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 625
lliJJ^Y VJILL CONTINUE TO BE CQMMUHX^TS
Notwithstanding the muit:'.ple evidence at hand showing that Fidel Castro ano h^ s collaborators are Connmin'' sts In thought and deed, they have continued their cynical lies, ^n accord vr'th Conmunlst tactics. But the methods that were put 5nto practice by the reg^jne established In Cuba clearly demonstrate the contrary. I.e., the new educational methods. Identical w^.th those of [Soviet] Russia; the soldier choral groups, copied from Moscow; the militia organizations of students and urban and rural workers; the agricultural cooperatives, which ijave taken the place of [sicj the collective farms of the Soviet Union; the abolition of private enterprise, according to recent statements made by Ernesto Guevara before the television cameras; State control of the purchase of all types of goods in foreign countries; or, the only buyer being the ^tate, and aU commercial and industrial activities and all public utilities being submitted to State surveill- ance and press, radio, and television to the control of the government of F^-del Cccstro,
Perhaps; "were copied from".
I
626 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
MARjaST iNDOCTRillAT-'-OW GCHOOLS
The first Marxist Indocti-ination School was establ''-shea early in January 1959, inside the "Fortaleza de la Cabana", precisely upon the orders of "Che" Guevara. It was called "Charles ChapUn" [School] and its director was the poet and Coinniun''st leader Nicolis Gu"'llen,
A few days later another Ifarxist School v/as established at C^'udad Libertad (formerly'- Ciuoad Militar) , Th5& School operates ■'n the part [ of the country] where the k^x Force ^s stat-'oned, and there the soldiers are indoctrinated by Russian technicians [propaganda experts] serving in the "Aviation Corps",
Another Communist School is located ■'n the Liiyano distr'ct, which bears the name of "Marcelo Salado", a well known terrorist put to death by the Bat'^sta police.
In the Los pinos region, the "Bids Roca" School, wMch had opei'ated there several years ago and vias named in honor of the Secretary General of the Communist Party who haa recently embarked for Red Ch^na and carried instructions to go on from there to the Soviet UnTon, has re- opened its Qoors,
Still another Marxist School is ■'n existence in Santiago de Cuba, and nianerous urban anc rural workers ai-e ^ndoctr^'nated in that instHu- tion.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 627
rPPJDPAGAMUAl ACnVIlIE^a Itl TII^ MOVICS AMD TKZ THZAIRJ
The Communist regime of Cuba has been acting with the greatest despatch with a view to becoming consolidated through skillful pro- paganda activities by means of the movies, television, and the theatre.
These activities are controlled by Dr. Alfredo Guevara, i^rofessor at the University of Havana, Director of the Movie [industry] , and a long-standing Communist militant, as well as a stubborn enemy of the North Americans,
Dr. Alfredo Guevara coincides with [the opinion expressed by] Lr. Juan Marinello, President [Chairman] of the Communist Party, v^io recently stated: ,,,. "all those vriao do not fly tlie colors [rally around the banner] of Communism will be qualified as counter-revolution- ists". This has provoked vigorous protests on the part of the Catholic organizations which, however, notwithstanding their activities, had been accused by the racio broadcasting stations controlleu by Fidel Castro's regime of being counter-revolutionists ana enemies of the government.
In his propaganda activities Lr, Guevara is being assisted by the well known Communist artist "paco" Alfonso and [is receiving] the cooperation of a group of artists of both sexes, qualified as Communists, some of whom are figuring in this report.
628 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
COMMUMIST AND PRO-COI'IMUHIST RADIO AND lIXEyialOII MmomiGi£ltS
"RiiDIO REBELDS" [Rebel Radio]— Director: RAUL QUINTAIIA; Aoministrator: ALEJAHDl'K) BLANC50; Annovincers: Rafael Martinez Silva, Jose Ibarguren, and Eddy Martin, the latter being the one vrtio uses the most abusive language in referring to the i-!resident of the Unitea States ana other officers of his Administration,
"R.IDIO VDZ"— Announcers; ELIO OLIVA, JUAIJ DOMINGUEZ, KUl^K GUEVARi'., ORLAl^DO VALLE, "El Caribe", and MARIO VIERA indicated as an intransig- ent Communist who hates the North Americans to death,
"RADIO MAMDI"— Director; SOCRaTES iixiTEGA: Editorialists [commentators]: ORLSTES VARELA anc iiRl-lal^OXl NUTTEZ IIERI'IAIIDEZ , both Communists. Announcers: ANSEIMO LLITERAS [sic]* and RENE PEREZ.
"UNION lUDIO"— "Tony" Fernandez, Communist militant, who hates North America, as manifested in every editorial read by him over the micro- phones of that radio station.
Possibly "Iliteras",
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 629
LATIN j\I-EPJCAI< CXDM-lUIHa^D t-ULlIIJG IN IlLD CIgNA
At tlie invitation of llao Ise-tung, a group of Latin American Coamunist leaders came togetiier to make in^jortant uecisions on what new tactics shouic be pursueu against North iLmerican Imperialism and how to seize the governments of the democratic nations of the »iestern Hemisphere and place [press] them into the wioviet orbit, as had been done in the case of the ilepublic of Cuba,
Those meeting there were: Luis Carvaldn, iiecretary General of the Chilean Communist Party; Pon^eyo Marques, Pedro Ortega, and Alonso Ojeda, of the Venezuelan Communist -'arty; Gilberto Vieira and Joaquin Moreno, of Colombia; Itaul Acosta and Jorge del Prado, of Peru; Dlias Mufioz, of i^cuador; Ilumberto ilamirez Cardenas, of Bolivia; Felipe Bezrodnik, of Argentina; Wilfredo Vdzquez, v;ho prides himself on repre- senting tlie Cuban Communists of Las Villas Province, Also present were the representatives of Brazil, Paraguay, Costa P^ica, Panama, and Guatemala, although the names of the latter are not available.
Information has just been received by cable that Bids Roca, Secretary General of the Cuban Communist Party visited lied China last month (April I960) and was granted an interview by President Mao Tse-tung,
630 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
liEORGAMIZATIQN OF TIE A^aOGIATIOH "luiTINOiiMLllg CA Lllia"
On the premises of the "America House" a group of Comraunists and pro-Connmmists met last month (February) for the piirpose of re- organizing the Association "Latinoamerica Libre" [Free Latin America] ,
Dr. l:}auardo Corona (OCMMUlttST) spoke about the record of the Association since the ciate on wliich it was outlawed until the present date of its reopening for business. Then the [Coinmunist] leader Faure Chaumont spoke, who stated the need for denouncing the enemies of the Cuban revolution, quite particularly Yankee Imperialism, which is creating a whole string of difficulties for the revolution and the regime headed by the leader, Jiael Castro, Chaumont further said that there were false democrats, such as Jose Figueres, of Costa Rica, and others, vriio were serving the interests of the U.ii. State Department and deploying servile and troublesome activities,
Lir, Carlos M. Luis (Communist) proposed the issuance of a statement of Solidarity with Presiaont Osvaldo Dorticos' reply to the ilmerican Note, to be signed by all members of the Association "Free Latin America",
Finally, the new Governing Board of the Association was named as follows: President, FAURE CHAll'IONTj and the other posts on the Board were assigned to the following individuals:
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 631
OSCAR KRI^ANDEZ MH (Conmmnist)
ODON ALVAFoSZ DE LA CAMPA (Connminist)
JOai ANGSL BUSTiMENTE (Comnunist)
MARTA FRAYDE (Comraunist)
JOiiii; M. VALUES RODRIGUEZ ( Pro-Communist)
EDUARDO PALACIO PLANAS (Communist)
MAJOR HUffiERTO CASTELLO (Pro-Coramunist)
MAJOR ALDEEl'O WRk (Pro-Coramunist)
CARLOS FAXAS VAI^RINO (Communist)
CARLOS OLIVARES (Communist)
ADRIAN GARCIA HERNANDEZ (Comraunist)
CaiEGORIO ORTEGA (Communist)
CAPIiOb M. LUIS (Communist) MAPJA SIK)fnES (Communist)
RAD'iUNDO GUERRA (Pro-Coramunist)
RENE LEPESTRE (Comraunist)
GELIA SANCHEZ AGRAMONTE (Communist)
JORffi ALDEREGUIA (Comraunist)
NICOLAS GUILLEN (Communist)
EDITH GARCIA BUCHACA (Coifflmanist)
RAMON DACAL (Conanunist)
43354 O— 60— 8a 8
632 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
TiAUL VilLDUS VIVO (Communist) MATaMO aDPJ MJu^IM (Pro-CommuniGt) iiNEIQillL COLLilDO (Communist) VIOLlsTA CAc>iiLij (Communist) .
Following the election of the new Governing Board he stated, finally, that some of the purposes of the Association were: "to advocate direct and stable economic interclnnge among the Latin American countries, without prejudice to economic relations, which must be increased with all countries of the world; without heeding discriminations or blocs, inposed, on ideological pretexts, by the monopolists [who are] enemies of world peace"; "to promote continental and world peace based on respect of the principles of national sovereignty, equality, non-aggression, and non-intervention"; and "to carry on any activities contributing to the affirmation or vindication of the full national sovereignty of the countries of Latin America, so tliat these [nations] will attain their con^Dlete political as well as economic independence from the imperialist forces that are subjugating and exploiting them"; and "to promote [mutual] rapproche- ment, cooroination, understanding, and union among them".
The above purposes transcribed by us in quotes are set out in
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 633
Art. Ill of the Rules and Regulations of the reorganized Association "FiliJE LAHN AMlilLCA".
The preceding statements show [prove] that Cuba has a totalitarian, definitely Comraunist-oriented regime, unoer the unipersonal rule of Fidel Castro, which gives vent to its hatred of the North Americans, as evidenced on the occasion of the May Day Parade, commemorating "Labor Lay" , on the Plaza Civica on the First of Hay,
This is to state also that the extensive list of Communists points out those who are holding key ana responsible posts in the de facto government, whose case histories are in the possession of the FBI and the Central Intelligence Agency; and to mention, lastly, that everything tliat has been set forth is the absolute truth and the outcome of a patient investigation [v^ich was] carried on Lby me] during my stay in this city.
Miami, May 2, 196U, ,
(signature typed)
Aui'elio Silva Ex-First Lieutenant of the Investigation [Detective] Bureau of the (defunct) National Police of Cuba
634 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Mr. SouRWiNE. Have you any information respecting the distribu- tion of Communist propaganda in Cuba?
Mr. SiLVA. Well, in Cuba there has entered and is coming a great quantity of Communist propaganda.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you have any knowledge about propaganda paid for by the Communist Party in the United States for distribution in Cuba?
Mr. SiLVA. I have no proof, but I suppose that the American Com- munist Party helps quite a lot the Communist Party in Cuba.
Mr. SouR^vINE. We don't want supposition.
Mr. SiLVA. Well, I already said that I have no proof.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you remember telling us about Camilo Cienfue- gos having been expelled from the United States for Communist activity ?
Mr. SiLVA. Truly, Camilo Cienfuegos has been arrested twice in this country, if I am not mistaken, and the last time he w^as detained in the Central Park here for distributing Communist propaganda.
Senator Dodd. -You mean Central Park in New York City?
Mr. SiLVA. Yes, sir, of New York.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Did you have information respecting contacts be- tween Carlos Rafael Rodriguez and Nimez Jimenez on the one hand and American Communists on the other hand?
Mr. SiLVA. Well, when I appeared before the executive session to testify, I warned you that at that time there appeared Nuiiez Jimenez giving Marxist conferences in St. Nicholas Arena of New York.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Is that all ?
Mr. SiLVA. That is what you asked me — that is what I will answer.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Have you told us all you know about contacts be- tAveen American Communists and Carlos Rafael Rodriguez and Nunez Jimenez?
Mr. SiLVA. Well, of those contacts that they may have here, I don't know them.
Mr. SouRwiNE. I am talking about contacts in Cuba — when Amer- ican Communists come down there, do you have any knowledge of tlieir having contacted tliese individuals?
Mr. SiLVA. Well, I don't have them. I am not in Cuba. I cannot know tliem.
Mr. SouRwiNE. All right. We don't want you to testify to any- thing you don't know.
Do you know Raul Sanjurho?
Mr. SiLVA. He is not a Cuban.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You know him or you don't.
Mr. SiLVA. Like there are so many names in my head, I have an idea, but I can't place him.
Mr. SouRwiNE. All right.
I have no more questions of this witness.
Senator Dodd. We want to thank you for appearing here and giving us tliis infonnation.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Arsenio Gonzales y Gonzales.
Senator Dodd. Raise your right liand, please.
Do you solemnly swear tliat the testimony you give before this com- mittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Gonzales. I swear.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 635
TESTIMONY OF DR. ARSENIO GONZAlES Y GONZALES (THROUGH AN INTERPRETER)
Senator Dodd. Give iis your name and address, and take a seat.
Mr. Gonzales. Arsenio Gonzales y Gonzales, 1402 Northwest Ninth Avenue, Miami.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Were yon Snbsecretary of Labor, Snbsecretary of State, Snbsecretary of Finance, and Subsecretai-y of Education in Cuba?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. At various times?
Mr. Gonzales. During different periods during the government of Batista.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Were you Minister of Transportation under Batista ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouEwiNE. Were you Minister of Labor under Batista ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. You are a lawyer?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sol'Rwine. You have practiced in Havana ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You were attorney for the Transportation L^ion ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. Were you attorney for the Omnibus Workers Union ?
Mr. Gonzales. No, sir.
Mr. Soi'RwiNE. You were not ?
Mr. Gonzales. No, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You were attorney for the Confereration of Cuban Workers ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir, for the confederation.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Were you a supporter of Batista ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. Did you support the revolution which overthrew Batista ?
Mr. Gonzales. No, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. Would you support the return of Batista ?
Mr. Gonzales. No, sir.
Senator Dodd. Why not ? You were in his cabinet, you were a sup- porter. What do you say is wrong with him now ?
Mr. Gonzales. In the first place, because the consequences that the Cuban people are now suffering are due to mistakes that we have made in carrying out our own government, on one part. And I don't think that we should support a person who directed a government which committed so many mistakes that they are fundamentally against the country, with the consequences that we now contemplate.
Senator Dodd. When did you discover the mistakes ?
Mr. Gonzales. When did I discover these mistakes? That is the question, isn't it?
Senator Dodd. I would like the answer.
Mr. Gonzales. These mistakes, many of them, they were made in the proper process of carrying out our own government, the develop-
636 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
ment of our own government. But in the measure that later on there were published development of facts that, due to my personal re- lations— and I make reference to myself only — in the internal order, administrative order of the government, where I was acting as an administrator, not in an executive capacity, unless when I acted as minister I tried to apply the law in all its aspects as it pertained to the administrative function. In other governmental aspects, they escape my functions, and at the same time to my possible determina- tion to the presentation that could apply a personal opinion.
Now, I continued in the government until December 31, 1958, be- cause I understood — because the government should represent or would represent the contributive thinking, the thought of order, that went into or should have gone into the party to which I belonged, that was the party of unitary action, of which the fundamental motto was peace, order, and work, within a democratic regime under the constitution of 1940.
Much later
Senator Dodd. To cut this off short, I asked a very simple question : When did you discover that the practices and policies of the Batista government were mistakes — was it before you fled the country, or since then? When?
Mr. Gonzales. Concretely I will answer — I have explained all this, thinking that you wanted an explanation. Much of this I have known after Batista fell.
Senator Dodd, You didn't know it before ?
Mr. Gonzales. No, sir.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Do you remember testifying in executive session that existing conditions in Cuba constituted a threat to the internal security of the United States ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Explain that, please.
Mr. Gonzales. I understand that the present situation in Cuba constitutes a danger to the stability of the democracy, and this dan- ger is directly directed against democracy because of the following reasons :
The fundamental sentiment that has been developing in Cuba has been an anti-American feeling — or anti-imperialist, in another phrase, or expression.
This sentiment I know because I participated as a director of the labor unions, and know there, because through my own experience, the activity of the Communist Party aspires to create this anti- American feeling within the working and popular classes.
I testified in the executive hearing that during my recent visit to Uruguay, in various conversations which I had with laborers, workers of different sectors, and at the proper University of Uruguay, I found that Communist propaganda against the Amercian Govern- ment was so intense that some people manifested a sentiment which was more pro-Eussian than pro- American.
This had been commented on by some of the Uruguayans, and I understood that that country could be moved into a movement against democracies, shrouding it in a sentiment pro-Russian and anti-Ameri- can.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 637
I also pointed out the case of Argentina, where the Communist Party is using the party of Peron, like a labor organization, in favor of the Communist doctrine in that country.
In other countries — I think I pointed out that this sentiment exists, but that this sentiment is not a spontaneous sentiment. It exists be- cause it rests on a Communist order that develops through all the parties in the Central American and South American countries, and the countries of the Caribbean, undermining the solidarity and Ameri- can friendship — like the first step, the first requirement down that road to again rupture what could be the support of the democracy in America, in favor of the Russian doctrine, the Communist doctrine, creating conditions in favor of the Socialist theories and against the democracy.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Let me ask you about a statement by the AFL-CIO in the United States.
Mr. Gonzales. American Federation of Labor ?
Mr. SouRwiNE. Yes. This organization's executive council has de- clared that the disruptive tactics of Fidel Castro's government in Cuba have all the earmarks of a well-planned strategy desigiied to make Cuba an advanced outpost of the Soviet Union's drive to infiltrate the new world. Do you agree with this ?
Mr. Gonzales. I agree completely with that.
Mr. SouRwiNE. This AFL statement also contained this :
The latest manifestations of the Castro regime have revealed unmistakable signs of a definite trend toward a totalitarian state. This is based upon the tech- nique of regimentation and militarization of the masses to a degree comparable to the practices prevailing under Fascist or Communist regimes.
Do you agree with this ? Mr. Gonzales. Correct.
Mr. Sourwine. As a former Secretary of Labor of Cuba do you agreee with this further statement of our AFL?
The Cuban Confederation of Labor has become a mere appendage of the Gov- ernment under complete control of pro-Oommunist elements imposed from above. The right of collective bargaining has been abolished ; as in countries behind the Iron Curtain, workers cannot change jobs without government approval.
Do you agree with this ?
Mr. Gonzales. With the publication — what the publication sajs'iJ Yes, sir. Correct.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do you know Seymour Rafael Blanco Alvarez ?
Mr. Gonzales. Rafael Blanco Alvarez ?
Mr. SouRwiNE. Seymour Rafael Blanco Alvarez.
Mr. Gonzales. Blanco Alvarez? Yes. He is a Communist.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Is he a labor leader ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes.
Mr. Sourwine. In Cuba?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine, Do you know Rafael Avila ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. Do you know he was a Communist?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. Sourwine. He is a Cuban labor leader ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir. At the present time, he is a delegate to the discipline section of the truckers union.
638 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Mr. SouRWiNE. Do you remember telling us Communists were using secondary forces in directing the workers' movement in Cuba?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Would you explain this please, briefly ?
Mr. Gonzales. Yes, sir. The party, Communist Socialist, in Cuba, which has been established during the years and during the histoi7 of labor in Cuba — every time that the workers' progress has lifted a step, they have used new forms in the labor movement. Thus, sometimes it is quite difficult to establish the identity as to the specific person of his participation in the Communists. It is my opinion, at the pres- ent time — and during all the revolutionary period of Cuba, particu- larly during the last periods — the party used as a movement to divide, to use collaterally the party, but with the political direction of the party, the orthodox Cuban movement.
This identity can be easily established if you take now the public announcements, doctrinals which appear daily in the press, of the men in the Government — and taking these men in his political analysis, you may find his origin in the use or in the movement of the Orthodox Party. Fundamentally, the party, the fraction of the Orthodox Party that took the road antirevolutionary Avhich left open this party when it abandoned the country to the Communist activities — those masses coming up from the Orthodox Party, or affiliates through which the Communist party, in my opinion, realized a divisional movement through which the movement of bringing up the orthodox movement, that took the name of 26th of July has been the base and the funda- mentals upon which the party has worked, bringing out of tliere the new form or the new leaders of the new workers movement — permitting to bring forth the most known Communists and putting in the first forms Communists which are not well known in the development of this new division of the 26th of July which is nothing more but a new variation of the Communist Party.
Mr. SouRwiXE. Thank you veiy much, sir.
I have no further questions of this witness.
Senator Dodd. That is all. Thank you.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Mr. Chairman, I have here a copy of an address given on May 1 by Allen W. Didles, Director of Central Intelligence, before the St. George Association of the New York Police Depart- ment. It is entitled "Public Order and the Preservation of Our Freedoms."
I offer it for inclusion in the record of these hearings.
Senator Dodd. It will be received and published in the record of this hearing.
(The transcript of the above-described address was marked "Ex- hibit No. 13," and reads as follows :)
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 639
EXHIBIT NO. 13
ADDRESS BY THE HON. ALLEN W, DULLES DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE ON "PUBLIC ORDER AND THE PRESERVATION OF OUR FREEDOMS"
I am deeply grateful for the award you have tendered me. As an old resident of this great and inspiring city, there is no group of men from whom I should have more preferred to receive such an honor.
In accepting this award I wish to pay my tribute to you from the police force of New York for your contribution in maintaining order within the framework of protecting our freedoms.
I fear that injustice is often done you by the misuse of the word "police". We too loosely talk of police states, of police methods, and the like. Here in this country we well know that the police are the protectors of our freedoms and of our liberties. When order and discipline are not maintained, it is we the people who cannot exercise our natural rights and carry on our appointed tasks.
You, in turn, help to enforce the laws adopted by the representa- tives of the people to protect the people from the invasion of their rights. This is fundamental to our form of go/ernment.
G40 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
If this country of ours does not set an exanriple to the world of maintaining order under law, what can we expect from other countries less well situated than we -- countries new to the task of making democracy work.
We meet here today on May Ist, a day which has had particular significance in history. The idea for such a day of peaceful demonstration was initiated by Ainerican labor unions some seventy years ago. The purpose was to win an eight -hour day. Unfortunately, over the years. May Day has been nnore and nnore taken over by the Communists, and now we have our own separate Labor Day in September.
Before this day is over we nnay hear from various parts of the world some strange and dangerous doctrines preached -- even from countries near to us. It is typically one of the techniques of the Communists to take over ideas which originated for the purpose of peaceful demonstration to protect the peoples' rights, and make them over into instruments for destroying those rights.
The problem of maintaining order in the world, so necessary for the protection of the rights of the individual, has become vastly complicated over the last few decades by the emergence of Soviet Russia and Connmunist China as world powers dominating nearly a billion people. And at the same time we see emerging scores of new states untried in the ways of democracy.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 641 The Sino-So/iet Bloc is dedicated to changing the face of the world and to replacing the democratic system of Uw by the dictator system of the proletariat. In the course of advancing this program, they have promoted -dolence and class struggle as one of their chosen instruments.
Here in the United States we are more fortunate than most of the peoples of the world. Due to our tradition, the inherent strength of our institutions and the vigilance and temperance of our law enforcement, Communist penetration and Communist agitation has been rigorously restrained.
Unfortunately, in many other countries of the world today this is not the case.
It is the strategy of the Soviets and the Chinese Communists to concentrate first on the weak and then to encircle us, the strong, by penetrations in Asia, Africa, Latin America. Even in some countries in Europe, the Communist parties have considerable open strength, and a well-organized underground apparatus.
If you have thought of me for your award, it may be because as head of the CIA, I have the duty to bring together all of the information on the Communist plot on a world-wjde basis, to expose It, and to furnish others with the means of exposing it, and to collect the evidence on which the policymakers in Government may frame an effective policy to combat international communism.
642 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
As you know so well in order to deal with crime and the artisan of disorder, whether locally or in the international field, we must have intelligence on their plans and objective; on their leadership and their techniques; and so it is also with the Communist plot.
The general Communist progrann has been well advertised to us all; their tactics are often disguised.
It is the Communist view that history rolls inevitably toward the final victory of Communism.
Khrushchev told us all about this during his recent visit to this country. In his address last September at the National Press Club, he explained the "We will bury you" theme.
He said that by this he did not mean any physical burial of anyone at any time. It was merely a question of inevitable changes in the social system over the course of the historical progress of society.
In another address Khrushchev argued that the social system changes as society develops. First he said there was the feudal system. It was superseded by capitalism. Capitalism was nnore progressive than feudalism. But capitalism, he claimed, engendered irreconcilable contradictions and as it outlived itself, it like every earlier system would give birth to its successors. Capitalisnn, he said, as Marx, Engels, and Lenin have proved, will be succeeded by Comnnunism.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 643 Khrushchev would have us believe that this evolution to Communism will be a peaceful, painless process. One might footnote this view by suggesting that this had hardly been true in Poland, in Hungary, in the Baltic states or in China.
Although professing that history will take care of us, Moscow and international communism have a definite program for helping along this so-called historical evolution.
I shall briefly outline what I believe this program to be. And since today is Sunday, it is well to start out with the Soviet attack on religion as one of the cardinal points of their program.
Karl Marx taught that religion is the opiate of the people. As late as 1954 the Central Committee of the Communist Party labeled the church as "the prop and tool of the ruling classes which they use as a means to enslave the workers. " They propose to instill atheism as a substitute for religion.
Here we can quote history back to them. No great civilization has ever prospered and endured without a deep religious background.
The Soviet's atheistic program of attack on the Free World has three major elements; first, the military, second the economic, and third the subversive. I shall say a word about each of them.
The military threat is widely advertised and is easier for the people of the world to understand than their more subtle techniques. This threat is based on Soviet missiles and bombers, nuclear weapons and a large conventional force, ground and air, supplemented by the largest submarine fleet in being the world has ever known.
644 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
For their own political purposes they rattle the missile; this took place notably during the Suez crisis about four years ago. Some foreign visitors to the Kremlin these days have also received Khrushchev's estimate of how nnany missiles and nuclear bombs were being reserved for them, or would be required for the destruction of their respective countries. He hasn't yet told us how many are reserved for the United States.
I believe, however, that Khrushchev is still confident that he can win the world without actually employing military force. He doesn't want to acquire a world in ruins if he can take it intact. However, he keeps up his nnilitary forces as an ever -ready threat particularly for those countries which live under the shadow of Soviet Russia and Comnnunist China.
Then there is the Communist economic threat. This has two main elements -- their own domestic industrial growth, and their foreign econonnic penetration.
Khrushchev recognizes that the United States is the most highly developed economic power in the world today. However, he claims that with the Soviets' higher annual rate of growth, they will catch up with us in the next ten to fifteen years.
Such boasts are an exaggeration but this does not prevent his peddling them on a world-wide basis. Nor do these boasts fail to impress the underdeveloped and non- industrial nations who see the
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 645 great strides which the Soviet has made over a few decades. From a second rate industrial power they h^ve now come to be second only to the United States.
While Soviet industrial production today is less than one -half of ours, it is true that their present annual rate of growth is about twice our own. If one takes the free world's industrial production and contrasts it with that of the communist world, including that of Communist China, the gap in favor of the Free World is still greater.
In the decade or so which Khrushchev allows for equaling our industrial production, the Soviet, on the basis of present relative rates of industrial growth, will narrow the gap, and in 1970 Soviet industrial production could be about 60 per cent of our own.
This is impressive, -- and while not up to Khrushchev's boasts, it certainly gives us no call to relax.
As for agriculture, the picture is very different. With six times the number of farm workers that we have in the United States, the Soviet Union is producing about tv/enty-five per cent less in farm products than are we , The facts are that their agriculture is inefficient. Here they have little or nothing to boast of. There is too much of Karl Marx and collectivism and too little free enterprise incentive and ambition on the Soviet farms.
646 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
However, what should give us pause about their economy is that they are putting into national power goals, into miliary hardware, heavy industry, and related fields, a far greater percentage of their total production than are we.
We are spending a great deal these days for the production of certain types of consumer goods which add little to the sinews of our national strength. And in making comparisons with the Soviet Union, we must realize that it is the use to which we put our great economic resources rather than their absolute size that determines the nneasure of national power.
I am no econonnist, but I feel that it is our primary duty these days to produce that which will keep our country strong and free. Strong not only in the sense of military might but in education, science and technology; - free not only in the sense of freedom from want but free to develop the best that is in us; with the tools to enjoy our leisure but not necessarily every innaginable gadget,
I admit this is easier to say than it is to accomplish in a free society.
In his regimented state, Khrushchev takes his military hardware out of the hide of his people. He limits the volume of consumer goods, of housing and the like. As a consequence, Khrushchev today faces a domestic problenn of no nnean proportions in meeting^ the growing demand for more progress in raising the standard of living.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 647
* * *
The other phase of the Soviet economic threat is targeted abroad.
It is carried out on a highly selective basis but it is very efficiently publicized.
The areas of Soviet economic penetration are chiefly the Middle East, including Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, -- South and Southeast Asia, including India, Burma, and Indonesia. Recently, the Soviet Union is turning its attention to central Africa and to the hemisphere to the south of us, with Cuba now receiving Soviet credits and oil products from Communist countries.
It is well to remember that the less developed coxintries look upon the Soviet Union as a nation which in a few decades has developed from a backward country into the world's second industrial power. These less developed countries aspire to do the same. Although they do not expe ;t to reach anything like the high economic and industrial levels of the United States, they are attracted by Moscow's clainns that rapid industrial progress can be achieved if they just conform to Communist methods and discipline. We know the fallacy of that argument but many of the lesser developed countries do not.
43354 O — 60 — 8a 9
648 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
The third major element of the drive of communism to fulfill its boast of inheriting the earth lies in the field of political action, propaganda and the subversive effort to undermine free governnnents everywhere.
They start of course with the weakest and most vulnerable targets but they lose no opportunity to work even against the strong and the sophisticated.
Their weapons include the control of their far-flung Communist Party organization, underground and above ground, on almost a world-wide basis. Then they have their front organizations in the fields of labor, of veterans, students, youth, women, and the various professions.
Their so-called world peace and "ban the bomb" movements appeal to the aspirations of peoples in various parts of the world.
The over -all strategy of International Communism is generally worked out in Moscow or, in sonne cases, in Peiping, at secret conferences of Connmunist delegates from various areas of the world.
Take Latin America, for example. At the 2lst Communist Party Congress held in Moscow a little over a year ago, guidance was given to the Communist leaders in secret regional sessions. The Latin American Communists were directed to develop the theme of nationalism and to onnit any reference to relations with Moscow.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 649 They were told to use every effort to eliminate pro -American elements, and to develop their local revolutions with the United States as the main target and whipping boy. I need hardly point out that these directives are being implemented. The theme in Latin America is liberation from what international communism describes as the donaination of the "Colossus of the North".
This is just a short blueprint of the strategy of International Communism.
It is a formidable threat to our free institutions and those of the free world.
But Communism is not the wave of the future. It is reactionary, repressive, atheistic and intolerant.
As such it will not satisfy the strivings of man. While it may produce nnaterial strength, it does not create moral values.
There is some evidence today that those who are living under communist domination are becoming restive as education and knowledge of the outside world beconne nnore general behind the Iron Curtain.
The example set by this country as the leader of the Free World will play a major role in the shaping of the future and in our success in meeting the Communist threat.
650 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
In the opening paragraph of the Federalist papers in which nnen who had a great part in the framing of our Constitution and our system of government expressed their views, there is this statement, "It seems to have been reserved to the people of this country by their conduct and example, the important question, to decide whether societies of mien are capable or not of establishing good government . . . . ".
It has been an inspiration to me to meet with you today, to receive this award and to know that throughout this land there are great bodies of men who like you are dedicated to the upholding of law and the nnaintenance of order within the frannework of the preservation of our freedoms.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 651
( The following translation of the pastoral letter of the Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, the Msgr. Enrique Perez Serantes, which was published in Cuba on May 18, I960, was later received ordered into the record of this hearing as Exhibit No. 14 ).
PEREZ SERANTES CONDEMNS COMMUNISM IH A PASTORAL LETTER
SAYS THAT NO CUBAN SHOULD SUPPORT IT PRAISES THE REVOLUriON'S INTEREST IN THE NEEDY CIASSES
Monsignor Enrique PEREZ SERANTES, Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, has sent us a copy of the following pastoral letter, with the request that we publish It:
The Archbishopric of Santiago de Cuba Pastoral Duty. Faithful to our sacred pastoral duty of caring for the welfare, sustenance, and pro- tection of the flock entrusted to us by the Supreme Head of Christianity, Christ's Vicar, we feel obliged today to address our beloved diocesans to remind them, or to Inform them, If necessary, of the line of conduct they should follow in the present circvunstances, which are somewhat con- fusing and bound to provoke serious concern in many of our charges, who surely will expect guidance from us.
In doing this, we are confident of performing a service to the Church and the country, our two great loves and objects of our constant vigilance and concern.
The enemy is within. We begin by saying that the lines are now drawn between the Chmrch and its enemies. It is no longer mere rumors or hazarded statements, more or less slanted or contrived. We can no longer say that the enemy is at the gate, for he is actually already inside, speaking loudly, as soneone who is on his own territory.
43354 O - 60 - 8A - 10
652 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
It i8 not in vain that some, better advised and more clear-sighted^ became alarmed and wary some time ago, and prepared themselves for the struggle against those who arbitrarily try to impose the heavy yoke of the new slavery, for the true Christian cannot live without freedom either. It must not be forgotten that always and everywhere, from Rome to Budapest, it has always seemed better to us to lose all, even to shed blood, than to renounce the liberty which is the attribute of the children of God.
Communism is alert. We know, fiirthermore, that Communism is the great eneny of Christianity today; Commvmism always vigilant, always alert, always ready to fall upon its prey, overriding everything to go directly for its objective; Communism, which, whether erect or crouching, is easy to find everywhere; and it is present everywhere, notwithstanding that, even among us, there are some who are needless, innocent, or extremely expedient enough to keep on denying it, or even to take it ill that everyone does not think as they.
Church doctrine. Church doctrine, which is binding upon all Catholics, is clear and final on this point; and, even though many pontifical docxoments have been devoted to it, it can be stated in a few words: "Communism, says Pope Pius XI in the Encicllca Divini Redemptoris, is intrinsically wicked." We shall therefore cite only some of the reasons for this plain, terse state- ment given in the same document.
Dialectical materialism. The first £ind principal reason is that Communism is based on the dialectical materialism of Marx, albeit obscured by occasionally deceptive appearances. The doctrine of materialism teaches that there is only one reality: matter and its blind forces; therefore, everything
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 653 in the world is matter in the process of evolution, and society itself is no more than a manifestation and aspect of matter.
Communism is atheistic. The second, which follows logically from the first, if matter is everything, is that there is no room for God; there is no difference between matter and mind, nor between body and soul; no survival of the soul after death, and, consequently, no hope of life after death. This premise explains why Communism proclaims itself atheistic.
It follows from the above that Communism, like materialism, is the negation of all human values, which in this system lack the spiritual founda- tion which elevates man and places him above the purely organic.
Under Communism, man, reduced to a completely material being, is without liberty and moral restraint against the assault of the lowest pas- sions, which are not pacified by any purely hviman consideration.
We believe that the above will suffice to justify the condemnation of Communism as intrinsically wicked. We need not point oat that it denies the existence and indissolubility of matrimonial bonds, the right to own property, and so many other tenets, and even tries to break down the entire social system to its very foundations, under the pretext of creating a new humanism without God and his holy law, submerged in a sea of hatreds and animosities.
What must be the attitude of Catholics? Our attitude must te loyalty to the Pope. We mast therefore always follow his instructions faithfully:
Have nothing, absolutely nothing to do with Communism. In view of the repeated condemnations received from the supieme authority of Catholicism, we deem it a vital necessity to urge, and even threaten, our diocesans, who
654 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
include all Cubans, not to cooperate in any way, or have contact, with Communism; moreover, they must keep as far away from this implacable and | powerful enemy of Christianity as they can, and not let themselves be impre8se< by the more or less disguised or alluring, but always fallacious and cunning, statements and promises, nor by the cleverness which Communism displays in extending its hand, as it does so charmingly to Catholics, since this is actually only a well~ contrived strategy for catching the unwary more easily,
V'e wish to reaffirm ovir distinction between Commiinism and Communists. For the latter, individually, we must not fail to do anything we can for them, in pursuance of the divine commandment of charity.
Everyone must keep two things well in mind: first, that we must make no concessions of principle; second, that the enemies of the Church, particularly Communism, know what they are after, and pursue their objec- tives tirelessly and unwaveringly.
The social doctrine of the Church. It would be well if the Catholics would at least make efforts to acquaint themselves with the social doctrine of the Church, which offers a satisfactory solution to all problems in the eco- nomic and social fields. They would find out the reasons why sincere and naturally honest Commxinists, when they came to know about this doctrine, have to say: "this is the real solution to the social problem."
The material aspect. Although we are not concerned with this today, at least directly, we may nevertheless be permitted to say that the Church has always called for a more just distribution of material goods. No one has spoken up more loudly for the needy than the Church, to which, alas, the possessors of wealth and the usurpers of public property should have paid
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 655 greater heed. We have said many times, and we repeat today, that, in order that humans should not be in worse conditions than animals (as they actually are in many parts of the world), one must imderstand what resources each family has to meet the necessities of life. There should be no human beings who face a new day without a mouthful of bread for them or their children without knowing to whom to turn to remedy a state of misery which brings many to the verge of desperation. This la downright inhuman and cruel, and a shame- ful spectacle such as this, as well as the repugnant slums in which many fami- lies still live, frequently not far from sumptuous palaces, should make us all blush.
In this, and in other matters, the Revolutionary Government merits praise for its solicit'jde for such needy and neglentad classes; and we con- gratulate it for that.
And let no one think that because God has been excluded, his daily bread will arrive with the morning sun, nor that it will be easier to get it; on the contrary, he may find himself without either God or bread.
Revival of Christian life. We love God: We need to. Worst of all is that Communism and materialism have a distinct interest in having us all sail the sea of life blindfolded, without compass and without a pilot, which is the same as condemning us to a life without hope, without faith, and without love, distrustful of everything and everyone.
Materialism and Communism are ejecting God everywhere; but it is a fact that we Catholics, at least, cannot reconcile ourselves to a life without God or his sacred law, without which any law designed by man lacks solid founda- tion: to legislate without God is to build on sand.
We love God completely. We love God completely, everywhere, at every moment. We love God in the home, presiding over the domestic social
656 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN group. We love God in the school. In the courts of Justice, in the legislature, In business, in industry, in the field, in the hospital, and in prison. Poor prisoners, and poor sick people without God I
We love God completely, because it is His due, because He has every right to be in everything and everyvhere, and because we all are in constant seed of Him. We love God, finally, because without God there would be chaos.
Without God, there is no peace. We love our families, the Justice ind decency of life, and our country a great deal. Of all these things so iear to our hearts, God is the mainstay, as he is the beginning and the end; ind further, knowing that men, even the greatest and best- intent ioned, are Incapable, by themselves, of warding off the fearful social collapse which threatens the world, or of pulling society out of the hole in which it has rallen and become mired .
After all, who, other than God, can possibly bring about the real unity In the thoughts and inclinations of all which is necesssiry to social well- Deing? Without the aid of God, who can possible harmonize the so frequently :onflicting human interests, especially if the floodgates of natural desires are broken? ^■/ho, if not God?
With God excluded from the life of society, where can we find the peace for which individuals and nations so ardently hunger? Where?
And yet, peace, real peace is at hand. To attain it, it is necessary and sufficient to make a half turn toward the right, for then we meet Christ, uho is "our peace." Everything else is a loss of time. Who does not know that?
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 657
The best armament is the Ten Commandments, To win this peace, let us employ the power of reason, and not the reason of power. Let each man carry within himself a policeman, strongly wielding the weapon of the Coramaxidments . And, by the same token, let no one anywhere, in the streets, taken to arms invented by meii to ki.ll people and destroy property. How horrible I
Rettirn to God. To gain such noble ends requires mobilizing all the forces of those who would live with God; and, as God directs, throwing off the lethargy which affects many, who cease to concern themselves with what is most important and with what goes on around thera, while the enemy allows himself not a moment ' s rest .
658 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
It is accordingly absoluteli' neceesarj that all of life, individual, social, and national, revolve around God, and that everyone practice His holy Law, which is equally- binding on all. There must be a return to God, whose absence means death and vacuum which cannot be filled by ani'one or an;y'thing.
Religious Ignorance
Practicing the Law of God and living as behooves a Christian, continually strengthening our faith, requires sound and well-founded religious instruction, the lack of which is a powerful ally of all of the enemies of the Church. For Communism, which is lying in wait and on the maych, the masses of peasants and citizens who are materially and spiritually undernourished constitute the best field for its clearly atheistic activities .
Every home a catechism class
In order to remedy the alarming shortage of priests and catechists, it is essential that every home be turned into a domestic catechism class, where children are taught from their earliest childhood every- thing which a good Christian needs to know, as well as the practice, at the side of their parents (this must always be done, even if there is an abundance of priests) and together with their parents of the fundamental religious duties of praising, blessing, and giving thanks to God. Such practice is never forgotten and is carried in the heart, just as the first instructor, the Blessed Mother herself, ie carried in the heart and loved.
I
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 659
However, in view of the fact that there are few homes in which the leaders of the family are sufficiently qualified to fulfill this beisic duty, in the name of God we issue a fervent appeal to those persons who are best trained to gather in their own homes or in soioe other suitable place the children and even older persons in order to give them the proper religious instruction; they should see to it that no one remains without this instruction. We are referring chlefli' to the mani' places in the country and even in the cities where this work is most urgent.
Catechism instruction, the most urgent problem
Certain eloquent evidence corroborates this statement. Pope Plus XII has stated that society is in need of urgent and effective remedies, few, however, so urgent as catechism instruction. "Catechism instruc- tion is the first of all the works of Catholic activity. Religious ignoramce is the greatest stain on the Catholic nations . ' Pope Leo XII wrote: "The catechlsa classroom is the battlefield on which it has to be decided whether society will be Christian or pagan."
Contemplating the diseisters broijght about by the Paris Commune in the 19th centviry, Thiers stated: "We must return to catechism instruction," and Victor Hugo made this important confession: "Those parents who send their children to schools where it is openly stated: No catechism instruction here, deserve to be thrown in jail."
660 COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN
Finally, to be brief, Montalerabert stated in the French Assembly: "There is no compromise between socialism and the catechism." Today we would say: Communism.
Work highly pleasing to God
The apostles of Christ knew beforehand that the teaching of the catechism is highly pleasing to God Our Lord, for "the most divine of human works is to teach others the way to heaven." They also knew that if they were able but failed to do this work, they might one day hear from the lips of that same Jesus Christ these terrible words :
"Depart from Me because I was hungry and you gave Me nothing to
eat." We have to "give a strict account to God, not merely' of the evil which we have done but also of the good which we might have done and failed to do. Think and meditate carefully about these words, beloved parishioners.
Coordination of work
We ardently desire that these catechistic centers contact their respective parish priests, from whom they will receive the necessary catechistic material, which we will give them if they need it. They may also directly contact the Director of the Catechistic Work, Father Pedro Meurice, Chancellor of the Archbishopric. Finally, id one should fail to report, at least every three months, on the work he has done.
COMMUNIST THREAT TO U.S. THROUGH THE CARIBBEAN 661
Best wishes . Let us , without dela^ , begin this evangelizing csimpaign, which has the blessing of God and of His Hol^ Mother, Our Lsmiy , the Virgin of Charity., under whose sponsorship we place the work.
If everyone prepares to do the best he can, and if no one is indolent, onlj God knows the great deal of good of all kinds which we are goii^g to obtain from His divine hand, which is more than gen- erous, nay, extremely lavish.
Let no one fall to enroll in this campaign for good, even at the
cost of some sacrifice, which God will recompense a hundredfold,
/ perhaps even in earthly goods .
In this way we will work completely for God and for Cuba.
Urgent appeal
From the priests , from the monks and nims , we expect resolute , speedy, and constant cooperation. We also expect this from all Catholic lay organizations, which should mobilize with the greatest enthusiasm.
Ma^. the Lord and the Virgin of Charity bless the work and all those who collaborate in it.
Enrique, Archbishop of Santiago, Cuba
"This pastoral letter is to be read in all churches of this Archdiocese on the first feast day after it is received, or within two days . "
Senator Dodd. We will recess at this time subject to the call of the Chair.
(Whereupon, at 12:15 p.m., the committee recessed, subject to the call of the Chair.)
INDEX
Note. — The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee attaches no significance to the mere fact of the appearance of the name of an individual or an organiza- tion in this index.
A
Page
AFL-CIO 634
Agrarian Reform. National Institute of 524
Alvarez, Seymour Rafael Blanco 637
Avila, Rafael 637
B
Batista 523
BRAC 523
C
Carlos Cento 525
Castillanos, Budilo 524
Central Intelligence 638
Cevallo, Sequndo Manuel del Paso 524
China 525
Cienfuegos, Camilo (Cuban Chief of Staff of all services) 634
Confederation of Cuban Worliers 635
Czechoslovakia 525
D
Diaz, Maximo Ruiloba, testimony of 523-634
Dodd, Senator Thomas J 523
DuUes, Allen W 638
E
Exhibit No. 12 (list of names) - 540-633
Exhibit No. 13 (address by Allen W. Dulles given May 1) 638
F
Furaguot, Castro 524
G
Gonzales y Gonzales, Arsenio, testimony of 635-661
Guevara, Alfredo 524
Guevara, "Che" (Dr. Ernesto "Che" Guevara) 525
H
Hernandez, Aurelio Silva, testimony 526
Hruska, Senator Roman L 524
J
Jevaya, Capt. Sergo 525
L
La Cabana »26
M
Mexico 525
Miami Beach, Fla ^24
I
n INDEX
O Page
Omnibus Workers Union 635
P
Peron 637
Prio, Dr. Carlos ^— 523
"Public Order and the Preservation of Our Freedoms" 638
R
Rodriguez (Cruz), Comdr. Rene 634
Russia 525
S
Sanjurho, Raul 634
San Martin, Dr. Grau 523
Santos, Alberto Carpeno 524
Socialist Popular Party 526
Sourwine, J. G 523
St. George Association of New York Police Department 638
St. Nicholas Arena 634
T
Transportation Union 635
U
Uruguay, University of 636
V
Verson-Diaz, Salvador 523
o
^9R
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