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MONTANA STATE LIBRARY

3 0864 00

5 6912 1

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A COMPARISON OF THE BENTHIC DIATOM ASSOCIATIONS

INHABITING THE MP.C COLSTRIP UNITS 3 & 4 EFFLUENT

HOLDING PONDS WITH THOSE IN COW CREEK,

..■ t. .. .,,.. ROSEBUD COUNTY, MONTANA .

DURING JUNE 1985

Loren L. Bahls Water Quality Specialist

September 1985

STATE DOCUMENTS COLLECTION

MAR 1 3 2001

MONTANA STATE LIBRARY

1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620

Water Quality Bureau

Environmental Sciences Division

Department of Health and Environmental Sciences

Room A-206, Cogswell Building

Helena, Montana 5962 0

lV//;7 ftjr- 5 77<30

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Abstract: Composite peri phy ton samples were collected in Juhp l«j*s c

unit. 3 and Affluent holding ponds and froffl five jl^* ""rtf"™ Ch£

Aostract: composite periphyton samples were collected in J„np l«j*s c *?C unit* 3 and 4 effluent holding ponds and from five L ? °'" ^

Creek near Colstrip in Rosebud County, Montana. Diatom \ n H "f °°W

relatively small number of diatom species show that IZ Xn^Cal0rs and a flyash pond and the decant pond are's tressed by dissolved for h'' T solxds and/or oxygen-demanding organic wastes. ft! I.llt f' seCtle^l.

flyash pc... , ; ucauu pun.. .sed by c! : iolv*H ,o • j

solids and/or oxygen-demanding organic wastes ft! i *oIlds> settleable

the diatom flora of Cow Creek and those of the effLn^ dlfferences between together with the homogeneous and healthy diatom V hold^ig ponds,

indicate little or no effect from „1 W associations of Cow Creek,

creek. A COWAaiSu ? 0 ' Iri" % ?" ^ "f " ?U-aUt* and bi°^ - he

' ' ' "" "■ •••"•' INTRODUCTION - - " ' " '

0. H., 7, 1985, tt...uUwr proposed.to compare a„ocUtions o£ benth.c di.tom, living in the Mo[,CMa..-po„er.eo„p,ny,.(MFe)..Colstrip „oit5 3 ( <

effluent holding nond •= m'm »-u„ 1 • •

g Ponds with those living m nearby Cow Creek, a tributary of

Rosebud Creek in Rosebud County, Montana (Appendix A). Such comparison was intended as an addition.! tool to Help determine whether there is a hydropic connection between tne ponds and the creek and, if there is> what effect seepage from Che ponds might have on the b£ology fl£ ^ ^^ ^ ^ data as baseline, annual diatom monitoring may help to elucidate any long-term changes in Cow Creek biology that may be due to progressive salinization of and seepage frocn the effluent holding Ponds.

STATIONS

ected samples on June 13, 1985, fr

Personnel from Hydrometrics coll following holding Pond locations: i. Active Cell

2. Southeast Pond

3. Flyash Pond

4. Decant Pond

Effluent is discharged to the active e»ll f

ne active cell, trom which it flows to tne flyash

pond and thence to the decant pond. Th effluent disposal and t

TO IN	R4 2E
TO IN-	R42E
TO IN	R4 2E
TO IN	R4 2E

om the

Section 6 DC

Section 5 CC ~~ fclfavdounA . Section 6 DA ....■-

Section 6 AD

W^^'

e southeast pond has not been used for he other three ponds had_ not been dosed for about four weeKs prior to sampling (Dan Shaffer, per. com. 1985).

I J||#W^^Jt!?,SiUJUiW^^!'l ju vmw*»m*

WBMlMaaWBMWBiBJMMlgWBiWBiBi

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Personnel from Che MSU Reclamation' Research Unit collected samples Juni

3-6 1985, from the following locations along Cow Creek:

._ kilo tuii .^cau*. pona ar c- acreiit-..: ov u i >. ,- ,.• ] v -. - . • ■ ; J - , • .. - 1 1-r.''"

Section 4 A ■ . - ■■ ,-. ...--.-

5- GSP-1 (spring-)

6. GSW-1-3 (creek).

" 7. GSW-3 (creek)

8. GSW-5-3 (creek)

9. GSW-6 (creek)

■■-.- . TO IN

. TO IN

T01N

TO IN

T01N

R4 2E R4 2E R4 2E R4 2E R4 3E

Section 4 A Section 3 A Section 2 D Section 6 C

aiaLResults-'a'lso'-afe'-incil'Udecl from ratia* lysis- cjfj-a ;sampLe.rc.o.irec'.ted ..by llr. Duant KlaricFi '-ori' 'May "20, '1979'j-at a site "on'lower Cow Creek:

10. Cow Creek near GSW-6- T01N R43E Section 6 DA'

•.-.'.. METEODS •. •""-•■ The procedure used to. collect composite. periphy ton samples is described in Appendix B. Portions of conspicuous soft-bodied algae and a few drops of the well mixed sample were- placed-on a microscope slide and scanned under low - power to identify the non-diatom algae present and to ascertain their abundance relative to the diatoms. The sample was then processed and a diatom proportional count was performed according to the procedures in Standard Methods (A.P.H.A. at al . , 1931).

Shannon diversity (d) was calculated using the formula presented in Weber (1973). Similarity between associations of diatoms was determined by calculating Czekanowski' s coefficient, as given in Hellawell (1978):

2W .«*•'

Cz =

A + 8

where W

A = B =

= the sum of the lesser measures of abundance of each species coinnon to both associations.

the sum of measures of abundance of species in association A the sum of measures of abundance of species in association B

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, , . ,')...■ ..,;■ : ..RESULTS ;. ■ ■ , . ,

Diatoms were the dominant algae in all nine of the periphyton samples collected- for this. study. Among samples from the MPC effluent holding ponds, only the one from the southeast pond contained any soft-bodied algae (Anabaena, Nodularia, Oscillatoria, Scenedesmus , Synechococcus) . Common soft-bodied algae in the Cow Creek samples were Anabaena, Oedogoniurn, Oscillatoria, Phormidima, Rivularia, and Tribonema.

.. Eighty-nine ,(8.9) dj^^f^.^pe^i^s^J^^^ll6^^ :>uane

analyzed for this study, including the sample collected in 1979 (Appendix C) . Diatom associations from the effluent holding ponds tended to have fewer species and smaller diversity values than those from Cow Creek (Table 1).

Diatom species that dominate associations in the effluent holding ponds (Chaetoceros muelleri , Cylindro theca gracilis , Nitzschia gandershiemiensis , and Ni tzschia paleacea) are different from those that dominate associations in Cow Creekl Navicula cryptocephaloides and Synedra famelica). Moreoever, each of the effluent holding ponds has a different dominant species, whereas all but one of the Cow Creek associations .are dominated by the same species (Navicula cryptocephaloides) .

Czekanowski coefficients for all station pairs (Table 2) indicate considerable dissimilarity among associations from the effluent holding ....JT. ponds. Average similarity among pond samples was 0.16, compared to 0.46 among the Cow Creek samples. Average similarity between pond and Cow Creek samples was only 0.08./ The association from the southeast pond was least like .tnosa

of the other ponds (average similarity = 0.04) and most like those of Cow Creek (average similarity = 0.15). ,

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:

mm

-s

C

Table 1. Statistics for samples of be n fchic ^ti'ia-t ora association's1' ils lie ct-ed froai the MPC effluent holding ponds and Cow Creek near Colstrip, June 1985.

--■-■•----■- - -- >•* Cells' '~s Species' ''Total ' Shannon (Species)

Location Counted Counted Species'" Diversity

Ac t ij?^.^,Ce }■ -hi ivtts vov/ >-i.u34v2.i species »9er& iuetitiii^v. in cue c<±.. •->-2,;32-;:s

1.73 2.29 1.23 3.22 .'■• •:: 2.18 3.59

3.6 2

3.02 3.63

Southeast Pond	356	15	15
Flyash Pond	336	9	9
Decant Pond	348	10	10
GSP-1 ...	364 .	■ 31	38
GSW-1t3 : _-^u.--.	:.:-. 353 . v	.-.31	. - -35
GSW-3	349	37	49
GSW-5-3. .. .._	--,. 350 ... - -	---28	. - 38
GSW-6	380	24	30
Near_GSW-6 . ,,,« .,_....	.,t«r349*-iC;_.	33 --■:	49
(5-20-79)

* Includes species observed during the proportional count and during ■• preliminary floristic scan of the diatom association.

a

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Table 2.		Values for	Czekanowski ' s	coefficient	for all	station	pairs .
Active Cell	■ ' South- £ east h Pond	Fly- ash Pond	Decant Pond	GSP-1	GSW-1-	-3	GSW- 3	GSW-5-3	GSW-6	near I' GSW- 6 (5-20-79)
			o.oi ;	0.03'	0.08	0.t)5	o;o3
Active Cell	\o.03	0.35	0.21	0.09 ;
Southeast Pond		* . ^S	0.06	0.04	0.13	0.06		0.19	0.27	0.10	0.13
Flyash Pond		i		S. 0.30	0.05	0.03		0.11	0.09	, ■ 0 ,0 5	0.11
Decant Pond		; - :			6.03	0.03		0.07	i 0.07	0.04	0.08

GSP-1

GSl-fTv-3 GSW- 3 GSW-G^3

GSW-6

near GSW-6 (5-20-79)

^V 0.39	0.56	0.49	0.53	0.53
	0.46	0.42 ■X	' 0.58	0.19
		0.55	0.53 0.49	0.41 0.38 0.33
		• ;c
		IV	!

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

The relatively small number of diatom species counted in the samples from

the effluent holding ponds indicates envi-ro-maeutdl atresy: fiahrirs (19,7 9)

reported that composite periphyton samples containing fewer than 21 species were typical of waters polluted by dissolved solids, heavy metal/, organic wastes or inorganic nutrients. An exaraihationof the water quality preferences of the most abundant species in the ponds may reveal the nature of this stress. . J. i a, r-J. ° ~0_ j - -=; '"] /

The largest population of Chaetocero's muelleri in Montana was reported from a small pond in Cascade County having a specific conductance of 26,620 urahos, while Cy lindrotheca gracilis is morphologically adapted to maneuvering on unstable, muddy bottoms in aggrading habitat's (Bahls, 1982). Navicula tenelloides is a common species on saline seeps in Montana and has been found in waters having specific conductance values in excess of 40,000 umhos (Bahls and Bahls, 1978). -Lange-certalot (1979) reports that Nitzschia

gandersheimiensis develops large populations in waters subjected to very heavy loads of organic pollution. Thus, one may conclude that the active cell, the flyash pond and the decant pond are stressed by one or more of the following factors: dissolved solids, settleable solids, and oxygen-demanding organic was tes -

The active cell, flyash pond, and decant pond have specific conductance values ranging from 9,900 to 16,500 umhos; nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen measured about 0.5 mg/1 in the active cell and flyash pond, but about 10 mg/1 in the decant pond (Dan Shaffer, per. coram. 1985). This large concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the decant pond may indicate an organic nitrogen precursor (other forms of nitrogen were not measured) and help to explain the presence of the very pollution-tolerant species Ni tzschia gandersheimiensis .

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The predominance of Nitzschia paleacea in the southeast pond, along with a moderate number, or -Nitzschia communis, indicates less stress from dissolved solids- and organic wastes. -.The optimum specif i.c- conductance values: for these species in southeastern Montana. are less than 5,000 umbos (Bahls et al., 1984) .\ ' n -Lang e -Bert a lot ;( 19.79) ■ reports- that- Nitzschia paleacea- is less tolerant of organic pollution than Ni tzschia gandersheimiensis.

Because the southeast pond has not been used for effluent disposal and tcnntaiaxs^.'an-ly fresh-water runoff, it has not been sampled for water quality (Dan .Shaffer,- per. c'omm. 1985) . This also explains why the algae flora of the southeast pond was more similar to that of Cow Creek, tnan. to. .the floras of the other three ponds. However,_.the smaller number of diatom species in the southeast pond (15) indicates moderate environmental stress, perhaps residual stress stemming from land disturbance at the time the pond was constructed and/or from diffuse .(non-point) sources of contamination in the pond's .watershed. »; ?,,,,'. t,aivi--i>cinaiw'. * i -- ■• •> • • — •»-<■« \ ,, .-■ ■' -:,

___ The_ number of species counted in the Cow Creek samples indicates healthy diatom associations and only weakly stressed or unstressed conditions. The two dominant species -.- Navicula cryptocephaloides (synonym: Navicula cincta var. ros trata) and Synedra fame lie a — are among the 68 major diatom ecotypes in the southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana (Bahls et al., 1984); they tend" to achieve their hest population development at specific conductance values ranging from 5,000 to 6,000 umbos.

There appears to have been some reduction in diversity in the vicinity of GSW-6 between 1979 and 1985 (Table 1). However, a Shannon diversity value comparable to the 1979 value was recorded in ly35 at the next upstream station (C3'.;-5) . In Cow Creek, there will oe SQitie year-to-year and station-to-station variation in diversity due to natural differences in weather, water quality substrate, and s treamf Low. Sampling error -- the deviation from a truly

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representative sample .-- .is an .additiona 1 and unknown variable. As with most biological systems, several years of data will be needed to ascertain trends, ioiilhe ..very dissimilar .^floras of the effluent holding ponds and. the Cow Creek sites together with the. homogeneous and healthy Cow Creek diatom associations, indicate little or no effect from the ponds on water quality and biota in the creek- / .-•-..-

■coaCBitis oniy rresn-water runor:RECOM>£;NDAT.ION ..;-: .,......-; v.\ jfOT ,;~c,.r ,AJ, ; , •. v

Samples should be collected again in early June of iy86 to continue a program of annual biological monitoring at these same locations in order to ascertain any changes in stream, biota that .may result from pond operation.

-.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ar.. Max Botz, Hy drome tries , arranged to have samples collected from the effluent holding ponds. Dan Shaffer, Hydrometrics, collected the samples. Franic Munshower, MSU Reclamation Research Unit, arranged to have samples collected from- Cow; Creek... -. , Fred>. Shewman, -Water Quality Bureau, reviewed a draft of. .this report.- Edwina Wheat typed the report. _ _ _._.

REFERENCES

American Public Health Association, American Water Worlds Association,

Water Pollution Control Federation. 1981. Standard Methods for the -Examination of Water and Wastewater, Fifteenth Edition. A.P.H.A, Washington, D.C.

Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic Diatom Diversity as a Measure of Water Quality, Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci. 38: 1-6.

Bahls, L.L. 1982. Eight New Diatom ^Genu^s , Records for Montana, Proc. Mont. Acad. Sci. 41: 7 9-8 6.

Bahls, L.L. and P. A. Bahls. 1978. Algal Populations in Seep-Af fected Waters, With an Emphasis on Salinity Indicators and Potentially Toxic Species. I_n M. R. Miller e_t al. , Regional Assessment of the Saline-Seep Problem and a Water Quality Inventory of the Montana Plains. Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, Butte.

Bahls, L.L. , E.E. Weber and, and J.O. Jarvie. 1984. Ecology and Distribution of Major Diatom Ecotypes in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1289. U.S. Government Printing Of f ice, ^Washington, D.C. t

Hellawell, J.M. 1978. Biological Surveillance of Rivers. Natural Environment Research Council, Stevenage, England.

Lange-Bertalot", Horst. 1979. Pollution tolerance of Diatoms as a Criterion for Water Quality Estimation. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64: 285-304.

Shaffer, Dan. Hy drome tries. Telephone conversation dated September 17, 1985.

Weber C.I. (ed.) 1973- Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for

Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. EPA-670/4-73-001 .

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-

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

TED SCHWINDEN. GOVERNOR

COGSWELL BUILDING

SATE OF.MONTANA

HELENA, MONTANA 59620

PROPOSAL TO MONITOR BENTHIC DIATOM ■- , ■

ASSOCIATIONS IN COW CREEK AND THE

MPC UNIT 3 & 4 FLYASH POND AT COLSTRIP

"fir ->■,"«•■•• '.'■-- ^'- ■■■' L.' L. Bahls MP

■ Water Quality Bureau

May 7, 19 8 5

Background ,

Benthic diatoms are simple, microscopic plants (algae) that live on the bottoms of lakes, ponds and streams. A single collection of benthic diatoms may include up to 100 or more species, each with different ecological requirements. Diatoms are reliable indicators of salinity, nutrients, low dissolved oxygen, . acidity , heavy metals, and other forms of pollution (Lowe, 1974). Bahls and others (1984) have described the water quality requirements of sixty-eight of the most common diatoms found in the southern Fort Union Region of Montana.

Rationale

Diatoms respond very quickly (in a matter of days or weeks}" to changes in water quality. Certain groups or associations of diatoms are typical of different levels of salinity and different mixtures of ions. For example, some diatoms will live only in water dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions; others will thrive only in waters where sulfate is .the dominant anion. . Minor constituents, e.g., boron, may also affect species composition of diatom associations in ways that are not yet understood.

This study proposes to use benthic diatoms to monitor water quality changes in Cow Creek and the MPC flyash pond at Colstrip. It is an additional tool to determine whether there is a hydrologic connection between the creek and the ash pond and, if there is, what effect seepage from the pond might have on the biology of the creek. The results would be interpreted in conjunction with those from hydrologic and vegetational studies. This work would comple- ment those studies, not replace them.

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Sampling Sites

A single composite periphyton sample would be collected from each of. ttii~ee s'ifces; "' . ... ...

:.^/i;VF li^-Unit^:^.-if^yaBh^o£r:iue-ntvhloiding pond.

2. Upper Cow Creek at or near Hydrometrics ' station GSW-1 (TIN R42E Sec. 4ABC) .

3. Lower Cow Creek at or near Hydrometrics' station GSW-6

(TIN R43ESec. .6CCA)-.— t-m*i.* ~.

Frequency--- «-*;!*.» j a - ,..-... . - ..,.: -< ;■

Periphyton samples would -be -collected" once each year in late May or early June. -■____ - .-

Methods

The procedure for collecting a composite periphyton sample is outlined in the attached memo. Methods for processing periphyton samples are included in Standard Methods (15th Edition) vand in Weber (1973).'' Collections from different stations will be com- pared using component (indicator) species and association diver- sity and similarity indexes.

Cost - ■ ■ ■ ; _

Max Botz ,' Hydrometrics , has agreed to arrange for sample collection if the Technical Committee approves this proposal (telephone con- versation with Loren Bahls, May 3, 1985). Loren Bahls , WQB , would process the samples and report the results at no cost.

References - ......,■

American Public Health Association et. al. 1981. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Fifteenth Edition. A.P.H.A., Washington, D.C.

Bahls, L.L". , E.E. Weber and J.O. Jarvie . .1984. -Ecology and- •• ■ pistribution of Major Diatom Ecotypes in the Southern.' Fort- ■'-"•' Union Coal Region of Montana. Geological ' Survey Professional Paper 1289. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Lowe,.R. L. 1974. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. EPA-6 70/4-74-005 .

Weber, C.I. (ed.) 1973. Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. EPA-670/4-73-001.

J

-' Office M£mcrandi£m

App&Afb'fX 3

STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

TO

: WATER QUALITY BUREAU FIELD PERSONNEL DATE: June 20, 1977

FROM : LOREN BAHLS r^"

SUBJECT: PROCEDURE FOR. COLLECTING. COMPOSITE- PERIPHYTON SAMPLES FROM NATURAL SUBSTRATES

Periphyton consists. of...the assemblage of plants and animals, mostly microscopic, living attached to or immediately upon the bottom of a body of water. The plants in this community of organisms are re- .,...,_ sponsible for the, greater share, of primary production in most Montana rivers and streams. These plants are usually algae, which often make Jihe riyer or stream bottom slippery and slimy to the touch. Each "kind 6T plant in the periphyton has specific environmental needs, Tallaw-ingTfo-r their use— singly or collectively — as biological monitors .;©•_£ water- -quality.

The object in sampling periphyton from natural substrates is to ob- tain a collection of algae that is representative of the community .from which it came. The algae should be present in the sample roughly , ,;ln_the -same proportion as .they exist in the stream. Different sub- strates— rock, silt, logs, higher aquatic plants — should be sampled "in -proportion to' their importance as a substrate at a given station. Substrates exposed to different current velocities, depths, and shading should also be sampled, again roughly in proportion to the extent these conditions prevail at a site. (For example, if a section of stream to be sampled is 80 percent riffle and 20 percent pool, about 80 percent of the sample should come from riffles.)

Only a minimum of equipment is required: pocket knife, small bottles

or. vials with screw caps, labels, pen or pencil, and preservative. ^ .....

The following steps are recommended:

1. Fill sample container about half full of stream water, making sure the container is clean.

2. Collect individual filaments and colonies of-- macroscopic algae in proportion to their abundance relative one . to another. _

3. Carefully clean knife.

4. Scrape natural substrates as outlined in the previous paragraph. ■ ' - - •- -

5.. Add preservative (to retard bacterial growths), cap, and label.

c

Generally, only a few milliliters of periphyton make a sufficient sample. Most any available preservative is acceptable, including formalin (10% formaldehyde), Lugol's (IKE), and ethanol. Lugol's, available from Abe Horpestad or myself, is preferred. You need add only enough to give a permanent red tint to the sample. No preser- vative is necessary if samples are delivered to me within 24 hours after collection.

J

WATER QUALITY BUREAU FIELD PERSONNEL

Page". 2-„" •' '<*'; :.-.'■'..■'" ' -, 7Z .. '. 1" :'Z ':'::■ .-■:. ,---.."...' ..-■•.•: .V.G'JT

June 20, 1977

The sample. should be labelled clearly with the date, the name of the water:-saiapled,.'.-a :gene.ral-?d'e-sc'ription; o'f-^.the-. .sampling- station," e.g.-,' ■*••••» Tenmile Creek at USGS gaging station, the county in which the station is located and/or an accurate legal description including range, town- ship, section, and. tract. Completion of a computer data card is not necessary unless water samples for chemical analyses are collected at the same time. Along with the .samples, the sampler should include a. note with the sampler's name, the name of the project (if any), and the desired .deadline, for completion of analyses and an interpre- tive--report.'- "' — "■'" ■"- '•"" *" ' -•---

In addition to projects for which biological periphyton analyses have been budgeted, I would welcome samples from any uncollected waters in Montana. These samples will be used to determine the distribution and water quality relationships of individual diatom taxa in the state. If you are travelling, please check the map in my office. ..It shows where periphyton collections have already been made. If you plan on visiting an unsampled area, I will gladly fur- nish you with bottles, labels, and preservative. If you got the time, I've got the gear.

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Appendix C. fesults of diatom proportional counts (nuirber of cells)

near

'"-••-. — - ■ Active" "Sou tneast Flyasli ' Eecant U>W-b

P"r-: ;', , cell Pond Pond Pond GSP-1 GSW-1-3 GSW-3 GS',*-5-3 GSW-6 (5-20-79)

Achnanthes hauckiana 1

Achnanthes lanceolata 1-2

Achnanthes rainutissiina 5 3 5

A-nphi pleura pellucida ■ 1 4 6

Anphora coffeifonnis

Amphora ovalis X

Anphora veneta T . - .?..., ■ -.-- ■. ,-... ■ .

Anphora species A \^ "s!mr)1^"~s '^era^aascri^tinr of -the sanso'linn sartor.. e.l«.. x

Aoaroeoneis sphaeropciora " . . ..... ... i, . . , ,.,., .- ■ - ■■■

- - * 9

Caloneis amphisbaena ' . . .. *•

Caloneis lewisii _•.,.. ,,,„._. ..... _„_ -- --, -■

Caloneis ventxicosa " ' ~ Caloneis species A . . _, . Chaetcceros muelleri . 138

6 9 "■ X

1 2 1

4 " -' 1 ""'■' 1

Cocconeis placentula

Cyclotella n^eghinlana ','.., ..

Cylindrotfteca gracilis 28 137 3 5

Cynbella angustata . .... .... .... 2

Cyidbella pusilla "" "" "62 3 27 2

Centicula elegans - 2

ticula subtilis /;„.'.. _x

Diatotra tenue _„_. ..*,_.._,»._ - -• •

Diploneis sinithii ... Ehcoocneis alaca 1

, ,38 10 10

X

11 12 29 21 ' 2 1 16 "13

Ehtoracneis omata

Ehtcooneis paludosa

Gbn^honeaa af fine

Gxsphonsaa angastatuin

Gbtahoneaa innricatum

Gomphonema parvulum

GompnonenH tenellura (?) *•

Gbcshonana st«cies A '■

Gyrosigrna sperceni ■"■

Hantzscnia araphioxys Hantzschia elongata

X X

X

X 1

L'kstogioia elliptica

Mastogloia sraithii

Navicuia arvensis 5

Mavicula capitata ■"■

X 14 13 6 X

X

Jiavicula cincta

15 1 15 2 6

Navicuia cr.-pcocephala 3

aavicula cr}ptoce:haloides 10 1 101 247 127 95 152 37

Kavicula cuspiaaca 1 1 5 X

Navicuia elginensis x

iiavicula goers n 1

,'^vicuia graciloides *

2o

/icula gregaria

v..v, ^^.--... ;f'^^^^ri.^,?-^^^<?jatBaaig^ijw«ii».a

w

l"—"m"

^WSimiiimimilimmmt

^

Active Southeast Flyash Eecant

Cell

Pond

Pond

Pond

GSP-1 GSW-1-3

near GSW-6

CS',^3 GSif-5-3 GSvf-6 (5-20-79)

PI euros Lgraa da licatulum Rhopalodia gibba Rnopalodia imsculus Surixella ovalis Surirslla ovata Syr.edra acus Synedra deiicatissiraa Synedra faneiica Synedra LascicuLata Synedra filifonnis (?) Synedra pulcnella Synedra ulna

2 8

X X

100

x l

X

4

14

15

1

X X

X

15

34

15

1

Navicula halophila			- .		4	12		5	6	„ 1
Navicula insociabilis	Cc*..	PO'V	1	10	~T" 2 1 i 1	2 1	•li". .i'-J 1	GS'.-HK;	X 6 1 12	C5-.-X-:-:
l&vicula oblonga Navicula pelliculosa Navicula peregrina r.™ Navicula perpusilla (?) Navicula pygmaea " ' Havicula salinarura	1 3 X 21	X i b X 5
Navicula tenelloides	98		44	34	2	5	2	5	1	1
Navicula species A Navicula species-iB	4			1	1	6	X	X X	t	X
Nitzschia acicularis							2	6		29
Nitzschia amphibia Nitzscnia apiculata Nitzschia catrtunis		5 23			5 X	1	7	X	1 X	5
Nitzschia elliptica	12		74	3	X		1	X	1	1
Nitzschia frustulum		12		2	45	2	28	5	69	21
Nitzschia gander shiemiens is	20		39	272
Nitzschia gracilis Nitzschia hungarica Nitzschia. linearis		11			X	X	15 1	4 X		5 1 X
Nitzsohia microcephala					14	1	4	1	1
■.scnia obtusa NiCzschia palea						15	1		18	X
30		2	1	1	1	7	1		15
Nitzschia paleacea	1	257	9	1	23	3	26	68	6	3
Nitzschia pusilla Nitzschia sigraa Nitzschia tryblionella Nitzschia vitrea		2			1	3	1 X	7 2	1 1	X
Pinnularia microstauron		1					2

	9
X	X
	4
	X
	2
X
29	108
2	5

'bee: An "X" denotes a species mat was encountered duri but not during the proportional count.

a Srlorxstic scan of trie diatom slide

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