^ c ' ^ COMPENDIUM OF THE ENGLISH FLORA. SECOND EDITION. \ COMPENDIUM THE ENGLISH FLORA SIR JAMES EDWARD SMITH, M.D., F.R.S. T.ATE PRESIDENT OF THE I.INNjEAN SOCIETY, iRER OF THE ACADEMIES OF STOCKHOLM, UPSAL, IDiv..i, i.ISBON, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, ETC., ETC. ; THE IMPERIAL ACAD. NATURE CURIOSORUM, AND THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AT PARIS ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. " Summa sequar fastigia rerum." — Vine JEs. SECOND EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. By W. J. HOOKER, LL.D., F.R.,A., & L.S. ETC , ETC, ETC., AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF EOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. LONDON: LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN & LONGMAN. MDCCCXXXVI. 5t> Glasgow :— E. Khull, Printer to the University. PREFACE. A principal boject of Botany must always be to inves- tigate the nature and qualities of Plants, with a view to ascertain their various uses, and, in many cases, the best mode of cultivating them ; but it has been proved that without a methodical arrangement the observations of individuals on these subjects cannot be accumulated, nor the discoveries of one age handed down to another. The ancients knew much, and wrote much, concerning vegetables ; yet, from want of system, their discoveries are mostly lost, and their writings of comparatively little value. The several editions that have already been published of the " Compendium Flora Britannicce" and of some other manuals on the same subject, are deemed sufficient proofs of the usefulness of a brief description of our native plants, which we may carry in our hands during our excursions into the fields. The present little volume, however, besides exhibiting a concise yet comprehensive view of the latest improve- ments and discoveries contained in "The English Flora" VI PREFACE. of Sir J. E. Smith, and the third edition of the first vol. of " The British Flora" of Dr. Hooker, and referring each genus to its place in the System of Jussieu, points out the groupes that are natural, and furnishes short notices, occasionally, of the general habits and qualities of the more extensive Natural Orders. The English reader may also ascertain the correct pronunciation of the Latin generic and specific names, which are here accentuated throughout the book. In other respects, the plan is the same as that of the Compendium mentioned above, which has been ho- nored, for a considerable time, with the approbation of the scientific and learned. The genera are accordingly placed synoptically at the beginning of each Class, and are there arranged agreeably to certain artificial cha- racters ; but in the body of the work they follow each other, as much as possible, in the order of their natural affinities. This method was first employed by the cele- brated Linnaeus, though it has not been sufficiently un- derstood by many of his followers. Each specific character is extracted entire from the " Flora," except in the case of the more recently dis- covered plants, and where the insertion of these neces- sarily demanded an alteration in the nearly allied species — various particulars, which are highly useful whilst we are investigating plants in their native situations, though they could not be included in that character, are subjoined in an additional paragraph, rarely occupying more than one line. These particu- lars— after stating the situation in which the plant gene- PREFACE. Vli rally grows, its usual time of flowering,* its duration, and its arboreous or shrubby nature — allude chiefly, and in as few words as possible,f to habit, size, colour, or general aspect. The synonymes are almost wholly omitted, as they could be of no use during our excursions; but they ought to be carefully examined at home from the " Flora" itself, as well as the more diffuse descriptions and criti- cal discussions which it contains. It would be advisable, indeed, as soon as the genus to which the plant under examination belongs, has been satisfactorily ascertained, to compare it, in the first place, with the characters which are given in this Com- pendium, in order to discover its specific name, and afterwards, with the detailed observations which the " Flora" furnishes. For experience has proved that plants examined in this way are not readily forgotten ; at the same time that a habit of correct investigation is formed, and the power of discrimination increased. It may be proper to observe that the figures annexed to the species, refer to the volumes and plates of the "English Botany." * The figures 1,2, 3, &c. answer to the months January, Febru- ary, March, Sfc. ; and the marks 0, $ , 11, to the terms annual, biennial, perennial, respectively ; T2 indicating that the plant is either arboreous or shrubby. t The abbreviations here used seem not to need much explana- tion ; mount, or mis. being written for mountains, sit. for situations, caL for calyx, R. for root, Z. for leaves, Fl. for flower, with many other similarly contracted forms. Class I. MONANDRIA. Stamen 1. Older I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. * Seed one. 1. SALICoRNIA. Calyx tumid, undivided. Corolla 0. Stamens 1 or 2. *Seec/ invested with the calyx N.O. Chenopode^e. HIPPuRIS. Cal. a slight border crowning- the germen. Cor. 0. Seed inferior, naked. Stigmal. — N.O. Halorage^e. 3. ZOSTeRA. Flowers aggregate. Spadix flat, many-flowered. Stigm. 2. Drupa. Nut with 1 kernel. — N.O. Naiades. See Valeriana, species 1. and Alchemilla, 3. ** Seeds several. 4. CHaRA. Cal. 0. Style 0. Anther sessile, globose. Berry with many seeds. — N.O. Charace^e.* Some species of Salix. Order II. DIGYNIA. Styles 2. 5. CALLlTRICHE. Cal. 0. Petals 2, inferior. Seeds 4, naked, compressed. Some flowers separated. — N.O. Halorage^;. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. I. SALICoRNIA. Jointed-glasswort. 1. S. herbdcea, S. annua, 6. 415. (Common J.) Stem herbaceous, erect ; joints compressed, notched ; interstices inversely conical. Spikes tapering upward. Salt marshes. 0. 8, 9. 1 foot, fleshy, salt, bushy. Spikes 3-fl. 2. S. procumbens, 35. 2475. (Procumbent J.) Stem herbaceous, procumbent ; interstices inversely conical ; branches simple. Spikes tapering upward. Stamens two. Salt marshes. © . 8. 4 in. divided at the base. Stigma notched. 3. S. radicans, 24. 1691. (Creeping J.) Stem woody, procumbent ; taking root at the base. Joints compressed, notched; inter- stices somewhat cylindrical. Spikes oblong. Stamens two. On muddy sea-shores. If. 9. 6 — 8 in. Spikes tumid. Stig. 2-3-cleft. * An Order of Acotyledonous Plants; the genus Chara being now almost universally considered to belong to the Cryptogamia Alga. — En, B 2 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 1. 4. S. fruticosa, 35. 2467. (Shrubby J.) Stem woody, ascending ; joints and interstices cylindrical. Spikes nearly sessile, cylindri- cal, obtuse. Sea-shore,rare.2f.8,9. Woody, slender. Stigm.2. Avar, of S.r&d.? 2. HIPPuRIS. Mare's-tail. 1. H. vulgaris, 11. 763. (Common M.) Leaves linear, many in each whorl. Ditches and pools. %. 5. \.f. erect, simple. Fl. axill. solit. sessile. 3. ZOSTeRA. Grass-wrack. 1. Z. marina, 7. 467. (Common G.) Leaves entire, obscurely three- ribbed. Stem slightly compressed Salt water. If. . 8, 9. Leaves long, grassy. Spadix green. 4. CHiRA. Chara. 1. C. vulgaris, 5. 336. (Common C.) Striated, without prickles. Whorled branches tapering, with internal partitions. Bracteas four together. Muddy ditches. 0 . 7. Immersed, generally incrusted with earth. *1. C. Hedwigii, Suppl. 2762. (Hedwig's C.) Smooth, even, some- what flexible. Branchlets articulated. Bracteas about equal to the ovate fruit. Pools, rare. 0 . 6. Bracteas longer than in C. vulg. **1. C. dspera, Suppl. 2738. (Rough C.) opaque, brittle, obscurely striated, clothed with patent spinules. Whorled branches subu- late ; fertile ones with many short bracteas accompanying the fruit, varying in length. Pools, rare. 0. 6. 7. Slender, opaque, very prickly. 2. C. hispida, 7. 463. (Prickly C.) Furrowed. Whorled branches tapering, with internal partitions. Bracteas whorled. Prickles on the stem bristly, deflexed. Ditches and pools. ©. 7, 8. Incrusted like C. vulg., but prickly. 3. C. fiex'ilis, 15. 1070. (Smooth C.) Smooth, transparent, without prickles. Whorled branches cylindrical, blunt, with a minute point, no internal partitions ; some cloven. Bracteas none. Ditches and ponds. 0.7, 8. Slender, green, floating. Anth.naked, A. C. iranslucens, 26. 1855. (Transparent C.) Smooth, transparent, without prickles. Whorled branches simple, cylindrical, obtuse, with a small point, and transverse internal partitions; fertile ones axillary, compound, partly forked. Bracteas none. Pools, rare. 0.6,7. Largestspecies. Whorled br. spreading widely. 5. C. nid'ifica, 24. 1703. (Proliferous C.) smooth, transparent, with- out prickles. Whorled branches simple, elongated, without internal partitions ; fertile ones axillary, compound. Bracteas unequal. Salt-water ditches. 0. 7, 8. More slender. Aspect bushy. 6. C. gracilis, 30. 2140. (Slender C.) Smooth, transparent, shining, Ord. 1.] DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 3 without prickles. Whorled branches acute, repeatedly forked, often fertile, as well as the axillary compound ones. Bracteasnone. Ponds, rare. 0 . 9. Smaller and more compound than the others. MONANDIUA DIGYN1A. 5. CALLlTRICHE. Water-stanvort. 1. C. verna, C. aquatica, 11. 722. (Vernal W.) Leaves triple-ribbed; the uppermost crowded, obovate. Margin of the seeds obtuse. Ditches and ponds. 0 . 4 — 9. Floating. Fl. axill. sollt. monoecious. *1. C. pedunculdta, C. autumnalis, Suppl. 2606. (Pedunculated C.) Leaves linear, abrupt, uniform, single-ribbed. Seeds on a pe- duncle, bluntly keeled at the back. Ditch, Sussex. 0 . 8. Fmmersed. Fruit more or less stalked. 2. C. autumnalis, Suppl. 2732. (Autumnal W.) Leaves linear, abrupt, uniform, single-ribbed. Margin of the seeds membranous. Clear pools. 0. 6 — 10. Fmmersed. Leaves membr. Fl. united. Class II. DIANDRIA. Stamens 2. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. * Flower inferior, of one petal, regular. 6. LIGuSTRUM. Corolla 4-cleft. Berry with 4 seeds.— N.O. Jasmineje. 7. FRA.XINUS. Cor. 0, or deeply 4-cleft. Capsule compress- ed, with 1 or 2 seeds. Some flowers without stamens. — N.O. Jasmines. ** Fl. inf., of 1 pet., irreg., with seed-vessels. 9. VERONICA. Cor. wheel-shaped, deeply 4-cleft. Caps, of 2 cells. — N.O. Scrophularin^. 10. PINGUlCULA. Cor. ringent, spurred. Caps, of 1 cell. Col. 5-cleft N.O. Lentibularlspitosa,2\. 1423. (Tufted H.) Panicle spreading. Florets about the length of the calyx, abrupt, hairy at the base ; one of them on a hairy stalk. Awn short, from the bottom of the outer valve. Moist, past, and groves. If. 6, 7. About 3 fl, erect. Leaves flat. Pan. large. 4. A. alpina, A. laevigata, 30. 2102. (Alpine H.) Leaves involute- awl-shaped, with smooth sheaths. Panicle rather close and upright. Florets the length of the calyx, acute; one of them on a smooth stalk. Awn short, from near the top of the outer valve. Mount, and sea shores in Scot. If . 5, 6. 18 in., often viviparous. 5. A.flexuosa, 22. 1519. (Wavy H.) Leaves bristle-shaped. Panicle spreading, triple-forked, with wavy branches. Florets about the length of the calyx, acute. Awn from the middle of the outer valve, twisted, longer than the calyx. Rocky mount.lf.7. About If. Pan. loose, shining, capill. copp.-col. 6. A.canescens, 17. 1190. (Grey H.) Leaves bristle-shaped. Panicle rather dense. Florets shorter than the calyx. Awn club-shaped, not longer ; hairy at the joint. Sandy shores. If . 7. About 4 in. Pan. lanceol. Leaves glauc. 7. A. precox, 18. 1296. (Early H.) Leaves bristle-shaped, with angular sheaths. Panicle close, erect. Florets the length of the calyx, both sessile. Awn nearly twice as long, from the base of the valve. Barren gravelly soil. 0. 5, 6. 4 in., pale. Sheaths tumid. Pan. offewfl. 8. A. caryophyllea, 12. 812. (Silver H.) Leaves bristle-shaped, with ribbed sheaths. Panicle triple-forked, spreading. Florets not longer than the calyx, both sessile. Awn twice as long, from above the middle of the valve. Barren gravelly soil. 0 . 7. 4 — 6 in. Pan. capill. Fl. purp. green and ivhite. 40. HoLCUS. Soft-grass. 1. H. landtus, 17. 1169. (Meadow S.) Calyx woolly. Lowerfloret perfect, awnless ; upper with an arched awn. Leaves downy on both sides. Mead, and past. If. 6, 7. Root fibr. Leaves soft and downy. 2. H. mollis, 17. 1170. (Creeping S.) Calyx partly naked. Lower floret perfect, awnless ; upper with a sharply-bent prominent awn. Root creeping. Fields and groves. If. . 7, 8. Leaves green, slightly downy. Fl. hairy at the base. Ord. 3.] TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA. 21 3. H. avendceus, 12. 813. (Oat-like S.) Calyx-valves unequal, smooth. Barren floret lowest, with a sharply-bent prominent awn, fertile one slightly elevated, scarcely awned. Root knotty. Past. & by road-sides. 2f . 6, 7. L. roughish, deep green. Pan. elong. 41. HIERoCHLOE. Holy-grass. 1. H. boredlis, Suppl. 2641. (Northern H.) Panicle somewhat unilateral, with smooth flower-stalks. Perfect florets awnless ; barren ones slightly awned. Nectary in two deep, unequal, linear segments. Lofty glens in Scot. If-. 5, 6. Fragrant when dry. L. flat. 42. Me LIC A. Melic-grass. 1. M. uniflura, 15. 1058. (Wood M.) Panicle branched, unilateral, Flowers erect. Spikelet with only one perfect floret. Petals beardless. Groves. If . 5, 6. Rootfibr. Fert.flor. sessile ; barren one stalked. 2. M. nutans, 15. 1059. (Mountain M.) Panicle close, drooping, nearly simple. Flowers pendulous. Spikelet with two perfect florets. Petals beardless. Mount, woods. If. 6, 7. Root creeping. Fert. flor. 2 ; barr. 1 or 2, long-stalked. 3. M. cm-idea, 11. 750. (Purple M.) Panicle close, erect, compound. Flowers upright, cylindrical. Petals beardless, acute. Barren watery pi. If.. 8. Root bulb. Pan. violet-coloured, many -flowered. 43. SESLeRIA. Moor-grass. 1. S. carulea, 23. 1613. (Blue M.) Spike ovate-oblong, imbricated. Bracteas alternate. Exterior valve of the corolla with three teeth. Moist chalky mount. If. 4. About \ f. Leaves flat. Spike short. 44. GLYCERIA. Sweet-grass. 1. G. aqudtica, Poa aquat. 19. 1315. (Reedy S.) Panicle erect, repeatedly branched, spreading. Florets numerous, obtuse, with seven ribs. Nectary cloven, acute. Ditches and riv. If. 7. Smooth. \ f. Leaves sword-sh. Stip. entire. 2. G.fliiitans, P. fluit. 22. 1520. (Floating S.) Panicle oblong, branched, divaricating. Spikelets close-pressed. Florets nu- merous, obtuse, seven-ribbed, with short intermediate ribs at the base. Nectary obtuse, tumid. Ditches and rivul. If. 6 — 8. R. creeping. L. obtuse. Stip. notched. 3. G. distans,F. dist. 14.986. (Reflexed S.) Panicle branched, spread- ing ; the branches finally reflexed. Florets about five, obtuse, obscurely five-ribbed, polished. Root fibrous. Waste sandy shores. If. 7. Stems 1 f. Leaves glauc. 4. G. maritima, P. marit. 16. 1140. (Sea S.) Panicle branched, rather close ; erect after flowering. Florets about five, some- what pointed, slightly five-ribbed. R.oot creeping. 22 TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA. [CI. 3. Salt marshes. If. 7. Glauc. Florets elong. cylindr. 5. G. procumbens, P. procumb. 8. 532. (Procumbent S.) Panicle lanceolate, unilateral, two-ranked, close, with rough stalks ; the main one cylindrical. Florets about five, bluntish, five-ribbed. Near the sea. 0 . 7, 8. Glauc. pro sir. Roolfibr. Pan. rigid. 6. G. rigida, P. rigida, 20. 1371. (Hard S.) Panicle lanceolate, unilateral, two-ranked, close, with smooth stalks ; the main one bordered. Florets about seven, acute, scarcely ribbed. Walls and sandy pi. 0 . 6. Stems wiry, purple. Cal. acute. 45. PoA. Meadow-grass. 1. P. compressa, 6. 365. (Flat-stalked M.) Panicle unilateral, rather dense. Stem compressed. Root creeping. Spikelets ovate-oblong. Florets connected by a web at the base. Walls and dry past. If. . 7, 8. Stems nearly 1 /, erect above, com- pressed. 2. P. alp'ina, J 4. 1003. (Alpine M.) Panicle loosely spreading. Spikelets heart-shaped, four- or five-flowered. Florets rather sickle-shaped, hairy at the base, without a web. Lower stipulas very short ; upper oblong, acute. Highl. of Scot. if. 7. Leaves spread, short. Spikel. of a shining purple, often vivip. S. P. Idxa, P. flexuosa, 16, 1123. (Wavy M.) Panicle drooping, loosely spreading, zigzag. Spikelets ovate, three-flowered. Florets connected by a web. Stipulas all lanceolate. Highl. of Scot. If . 7. Leaves erect. Spikel. glaucous, varieg. with purple, 4. P. bulbosa, 15. 1071. (Bulbous M.) Panicle close, slightly zigzag. Spikelets four-flowered. Florets hairy at the keel, connected by a web. Leaves finely serrated. Stem bulbous at the base. Sandy shores. If . 5, 6. Bulbs crowded. Stem erect. Stip. obtuse. 5. P. trividlis, 15. 1072. (Roughish M.) Panicle spreading. Spikelets three-flowered. Florets lanceolate, five-ribbed, connected by a web. Stipula oblong. Root fibrous. Mead, and past. If . 6 — 9. Stems and leaves roughish. 18 in., high, 6. P. pratensis, 15. 1073. (Smooth-stalked M.) Panicle spreading, Spikelets four-flowered. Florets lanceolate, five-ribbed, con- nected by a web. Stipula short and obtuse. Root creeping. A. P. subcserulea, 14. 1004. Of humble growth, glaucous. Mead, and past. If .5,6. Stern even. Leaves smooth, green, or glauc, 7. P. annua, 16. 1141. (Annual M.) Panicle widely spreading. Spikelets ovate, five-flowered. Florets a little remote, five- ribbed, without a web. Stems oblique, compressed. Fields and mead. 0. 3 — 11. Leaves pale, wavy, flaccid. Stigm, compound, large. 8. P. glduca, 24. 1720. (Glaucous M.) Panicle spreading. Spikelets ovate. Florets from two to five, obscurely five-ribbed, bluntish ; 6*ilky at the keel and lateral ribs ; hairy at the base, without a web. Stipulas of the lower leaves very short and blunt. Ord. 3.] TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 23 /2. P. csesia, 24. 1719. Florets 4 or 5. Leaves rather broad. Mountains. If.. 6,7. Of a purp. glauc. hue. Rootfibr. 9. P. nemordlis, 18. 1265. (Wood M.J Panicle spreading-, capillary. Calyx-glumes lanceolate, taper-pointed, each three-ribbed. Spikelets lanceolate. Florets about three, five-ribbed, acute ; silky at the keel and lateral ribs ; hairy at the base, without a web. Stipulas very short, notched. Woods. 2f. 6. Stems erect, slender, \ — H/. Spihel. small, pale. 46. TRIoDIA. Heath-grass. 1. T. decumbens, Poa decumbens, 11. 792. (Decumbent H.) Panicle nearly simple, close, erect. Florets four ; their middle tooth shortest. Calyx smooth. Stipula hairy. Spongy bogs. If. 7. Leaves rigid, involute. Spikel. turgid. 47. BRlZA. Quaking-grass. 1. B. minor, 19. 1316. (Small Q.) Spikelets triangular, seven-flow- ered. Calyx longer than the florets. Stipulas lanceolate, very long. Fields, S. of Engl., rare. ©. 7. Stem 6—8 in., branched at the base. Pan. deep green. 2. B. media, 5. 340. (Common Q.) Spikelets ovate, about seven- flowered. Calyx shorter than the florets. Stipula very short and blunt. Past. If. 5, 6. Stem 12—18 in., simp., solit. Pan. light brown. 48. DACTYLIS. Cock's-foot-grass. 1. D. glomerdta, 5.335. (Rough C.) Panicle distantly branched. Flowers in dense globular tufts, unilateral. Corolla somewhat awned, five-ribbed, taper-pointed. Mead, and past. If. 6 — 8. L.flat, harsh. Spikes ovate, many-jl. 49. SPARTlNA. Cord-grass. 1. S. stricta, Dactylis str. 6. 380. (Twin-spiked C.) Spikes two or three, erect, with very smooth stalks. Glumes downy. Outer valve of the calyx smallest. Muddy salt marshes. If. 8. Leaves involute, pointed, striated. 50. CYNOSuRUS. Dog's-tail-grass. 1. C. cristatus, 5. 316. (Crested D.) Spike simple, linear. Neuter spikelets without awns. Dry past. If . 7. Stems erect. Stip. blunt. A valuable grass. 2. C. echindtus, 19.1333. (Rough D.) Spike compound, ovate. Neuter spikelets awned. Awns of the corolla full as long as the glume. Sandy pi. S. of Engl., rare. '©. 7. Stems branched at the base. 51. FESTuCA. Fescue-grass. 1. F. ovina, 9. 585. f Sheep's F.) Panicle unilateral, rather close. Florets cylindrical, pointed or awned ; smooth at the base, and at the edges of the inner valve. Stem square. Leaves folded, bristle-shaped. 24 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 3. /3. F. caesia, 27. 1917. Glauc. Inner valve somewhat hairy. Dry past. If. 6. 6 — 12 m. Paw. lanceol. Stip. short and obtuse. 2. F. vivipara, 19. 1355. (Viviparous F.) Panicle unilateral, rather close. Florets compressed, keeled, awnless, somewhat downy, as well as the edges of their inner valve, and the calyx. Stem square. Leaves folded, bristle-shaped, smooth. Lofty mount. If. 7. Pan. short, nearly simp. Fl. often vivip. 3. F. duriuscula, 7. 470. (Hard F.) Panicle unilateral, spreading. Florets longer than their awns. Stem round. Upper leaves flat. Root fibrous. Mead, and past. If. 6. H — %f, striated, smooth. Flor. keeled. 4. F. rubra, 29. 2056. (Creeping F.) Panicle spreading, unilateral. Florets longer than their awns. Leaves downy above. Root extensively creeping. Hills and sea-shores.lf.7. L. pointed, involute, somewhat glaucous. 5. F. bromo'ides, 20. 1411. (Barren F.) Panicle racemose, nearly erect. Florets tapering, shorter than their awns, rough at the top. Leaves tapering, shorter than their sheaths. Walls and sandy gr. 0. 6. Pale. Pan. short. Upper half of the stem naked. 6. F. Myurus, 20. 1412. (Wall F.) Panicle drooping, elongated, rather close. Florets tapering, shorter than their awns, rough at the top. Leaves awl-shaped. Walls and sandy gr. © . 6. Pan. very long. Stem leafy to the summit. 7. F. uniglumis, 20. 1430. (Single-husked F.) Panicle erect, nearly simple. Florets tapering, compressed, awned. One valve of the calyx very short. Sandy shores. 0. $ . 6. Stems several, 6 — 14 in. leafy, smooth. Flor. keeled. 8. F. gigdntea, 26. 1820. (Tall F.) Panicle drooping, twice com- pound, spreading. Florets from three to six, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than their awns. Stipula abrupt, auricled, clasping the stem. P>. F. triflora, 27. 1918. Smaller and more slender, with fewer florets. Woods and hedges. If. 7, 8. Stem 3 — 4f. Sp. ovate, smooth. 9. F. calamdria, 14.1005. (Reed F.) Panicle repeatedly compound, spreading, erect. Florets from two to five, oblong, angular, cy- lindrical, keeled, pointed ; inner valve folded in the middle. /3. F. decidua, 32. 2266. Smaller and more slender. Up.fl.decid. Alpine woods. If. 7. Stem 3f. Leaves sword-shaped, striated. 10. F. lolidcea, 26. 1821. (Spiked F.) Spike two-ranked, drooping. Spikelets nearly sessile, linear-oblong. Florets cylindrical, awn- less, pointed, with five slight ribs. Humid mead. If. 6, 7. About 2f. Spikes long, with altern. spikel. 11. F. pratensis, 23. 1592. (Meadow F.) Panicle nearly upright, branched, spreading, turned to one side. Spikelets linear, com- pressed. Florets cylindrical, obscurely ribbed. Root fibrous. Mead and past. If. 6, 7. 2f. tipper leaves rough. Nect. 4-cleft. Fl. numerous. Old. 3.] TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 25 12. F. eldtior, 23. 1593. (Reedy F.) Panicle somewhat drooping, much branched, loosely spreading-. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate. Florets numerous, cylindrical, somewhat awned, obscurely ribbed. Root creeping-. Humid past. If. 6, 7. About 4f. Leaves broader, rough-edged. Nect. 4-cleft. 13. F. sylvatica, Bromus sylv. 11. 729. (Wood F.) Spike simple, drooping-. Spikelets nearly cylindrical, turned to one side. Awns longer than their glumes. Leaves hairy. Root fibrous. Copses and hedges. If. . 7. About 2f. slender, bright green. Nect. of 2 scales. 14. F.pinndta, B. pinn. 11. 730. (Spiked Heath F.) Spike simple, erect, two-ranked. Spikelets nearly cylindrical. Awns shorter than their glumes. Leaves nearly smooth. Root somewhat creeping. Fields and heaths, on a chalky soil. If. 7 . 18. in. rigid, smoothish. 52. BRoMUS. Brome-grass. 1. B. secalinus, 17. 1171. (Smooth Rye B.) Panicle spreading; slightly subdivided below. Spikelets ovate, of about ten dis- tinct, somewhat cylindrical, smooth florets. Fields. 0 7. L. slightly hairy. Awns wavy, shorter •than the glumes. 2. B. velutinus, B. multifldrus, 27. 1884. (Downy Rye B.) Panicle spreading, scarcely subdivided. Spikelets ovate-oblong, of from ten to fifteen crowded, elliptical, downy florets. Fields, rare. 0-7- L. slightly hairy. Awns as long as the glumes. 8. B. mollis, 15. 1078. (Soft B.) Panicle erect, rather close, com- pound. Spikelets ovate, downy. Florets imbricated, depress- ed, ribbed. Fields and waste gr. $ . G. Soft and downy. Gl. 7 —9-ribbed, the length of their awns. 4. B. racemosus, 15. 1079, B. arvensis, 13. 920. (Smooth B.) Panicle nearly erect, spreading, slightly branched. Spikelets ovate-oblong, naked. Florets imbricated, depressed, ribbed. Mead, and past. 0.6. L. somewhat downy. Axons as long as the gl. 5. B. squarrosus, 27. 1885. (Corn B.) Panicle drooping, nearly simple. Spikelets ovate-oblong. Florets about twelve, imbri- cated, depressed, ribbed. Awns widely spreading. Fields. 0. 7. \f Spikel. large, shining. A doubtful native. 6. B. arvensis, 28. 1984. (Field B.) Panicle spreading, drooping, compound, half-whorled. Spikelets lanceolate, acute. Florets about eight, imbricated, smoothish, with two close ribs at each side. Fields. 0.7. 3. f Leaves hairy. Pan. large. Spikel varieg. with purple and green. 7. B. erectus, 7. 471. (Upright B.) Panicle erect, slightly branched. Florets lanceolate, compressed, loosely imbricated. Awn straight, shorter than the glume. Radical leaves very narrow, fringed with scattered hairs. Sandy and chalky soil. 1/ . 7. Spikel. linear -lanceol. ivith about8flor. 8- B. asper, 17. 1172. (Rough B.) Panicle drooping, branched, c 20 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 3. Florets lanceolate, rather distant, compressed, downy. Awns shorter than the glumes. Leaves uniform ; lower ones hairy. Moist woods. ©. # . 7. Stem 4—6/ Spihel. linear-oblong, with about 8Jlor. 9. B. sterilis, 15. 1030. (Barren B.) Panicle drooping*, mostly sim- ple. Florets about seven, lanceolate, compressed, seven-ribbed, furrowed. Awns longer than the glumes. Leaves downy. Fields and waste gr. 0 . 6, 7. Hairy. 18 in. Spihel linear- lanceoL 10. B. didndrus, 14. 1006. (Annual B.) Panicle upright, a little spreading, scarcely subdivided. Florets lanceolate, with two close marginal ribs, and only two stamens. Walls and sandy gr. 0 . 6. About 1 /, upright. Spihel erect. 53. STlPA. Feather-grass. 1. S. penndta, 19. 1356. (Common F.) Awns feathery. Rocky mount., not a native. U . 7. L. upright, long, narrow, acute. Awns 1 f. 54. AVeNA. Oat, or Oat-grass. 1. A.fdtua, 31. 2221. (Wild O.) Panicle erect, compound. Spike- lets pendulous. Florets about three, shorter than the calyx, bristly at the base, with an oblique scar, all awned. Corn fields. 0. 6 — 8. Leaves rough. Pan. simple. Gl. yellow. 2. A. strigosa, 18. 1266. (Bristle-pointed O.) Panicle oblong, turned to one side. Florets two. Outer valve of the corolla tipped with a double straight bristle. Corn f. 0 . 6 — 8. 3/. glauc. Pan. a little crowded. Awns reddish. 3. A. pubescens,23. 1640. (Downy O.) Panicle erect, nearly simple. Florets about three, longer than the calyx. Partial stalk bearded. Leaves flat, downy. Root somewhat creeping. Past, on chalky soil. If. . 6. Upright. Florets 2, with 1 abort, all on a long, bent partial stalh. 4. A. pratensis, 17. 1204. (Narrow-leaved O.) Panicle erect, with very short simple branches. Florets about five, longer than the calyx. Partial stalks hairy. Leaves involute, naked, finely serrated ; sheaths smooth. Dry chalky past. "U . 7. Upright, smooth. Stip. lanceol. 5. A. alp'ina, A. planiculmis, 30. 2141. (Alpine O.) Panicle erect, slightly branched. Florets about five, longer than the calyx ; partial stalk bearded under each. Leaves flat, minutely ser- rated, naked ; their sheaths rough. Lofty rocks in Scot. 2£. 7. M. jib r. downy. Sheaths long. Fllarge. 6. A. planiculmis, Suppl. 2684. (Flat-stemmed O.) Panicle erect, compound. Spikelets erect, linear-oblong, of from 5 to 7 florets, much longer than the calyx. Leaves scabrous, broadly linear, suddenly acute, minutely serrated. Sheaths flat, shortly cari- nated, scabrous. Lower part of the culm slightly compressed, 2-edo-ed. Ord. 3.] TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 27 Glen Sannox, Isle of Arran, Scotl. y . 7. Spikelets much longer than in A. alpina. Florets smaller. 7. A. fiavescens, 14. 952. (Yellow O.) Panicle much branched, spread- ing, erect. Florets about three, longer than the very unequal calyx. Leaves flat, a little downy. Root somewhat creeping-. Past. mead, and way -sides. y. 6, 7. Spikel. 0/2—4 yell, shining, minute Ji. 55. LAGuRUS. Hare's-tail-grass. 1. L. ovatus, 19. 1334. (Ovate Hare's-tail-grass.) Sandy fields, Guernsey. © . 6. Z. downy. Sp. ovate, drooping, hairy. 56. ARuNDO. Reed. 1. A. Phragmkes, 6. 401. (Common R.) Florets about five, awnless, longer than the calyx. Panicle loose. Pools and ditches. y. 7- About 6f. Cat. smooth. 2. A. epigejos, 6. 403. (Wood R.) Calyx single-flowered, longer than the corolla. Panicle erect, close. Flowers crowded, unilateral. Leaves lanceolate. Moist woods, y. 7. Smaller. Cal. with a rough keel. Cor. with a dorsal awn about as long as the hairs and calyx. 3. A. Calamagrostis, 30. 2159. (Small R.) Calyx single-flowered, much exceeding the corolla. Panicle erect, loose. Flowers scattered, spreading every way. Hairs longer than the corolla. Awn terminal, short. Leaves linear. Moist woods, y.. 7. About 4/. slender. Pan. much branched. 4. A. stricta, 30. 2160. (Close R.) Calyx single-flowered, ovate, scarcely longer than the corolla. Panicle close, erect. Flowers scattered, spreading every way, with a dorsal awn. Hairs shorter than the corolla. Marshes in Scot. y . 6. 2/. slender. Fl smaller. Stip. very short. 5. A. armaria, 8. 520. (Sea R. Marram, Sea mat-weed.) Calyx single-flowered, longer than the corolla. Panicle spiked. Flowers erect, slightly awned. Leaves involute, sharp-pointed. Sandy sea-shores. If .7. 3/. L. glauc. rig id, furrowed. Stip. lanceol. 57. LOLIUM. Darnel. 1. L. perenne, 5. 315. (Perennial D. or Rye-grass.) Corolla very slightly awned. Spikelets longer than the calyx. Florets lanceolate. Mead, and past. If. 6. Smooth, dark green. Stem bent at the base. 2. L. temulentum, 16. 1124. (Bearded D.) Awns longer than the corolla. Spikelets shorter than the calyx. Florets elliptical. Stem rough in the upper part. Fields. 0.7. Stem 2 f., erect ; smooth below. L. green, rough. 3. L. arvense, 16. 1125. (Short-awned D.) Corolla slightly awned. Spikelets as long as the calyx. Florets elliptical. Stem very smooth. Fields, rare. 0.7. Smaller; almost entirely smooth. Awnsobsol. 28 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 3. 58. ROTTBoLLIA. Hard-grass. 1. R. incurvdta, 11. 760. (Sea H.) Spike cylindrical, tapering. Calyx-valves combined below. Floret solitary. Corolla awnless. Maritime past. 0.8. Stems branched. Sp. incurved, cylindr. 59. ELYMUS. Lyme-grass. 1. E. arendrius, 24. 1672. (Sea L.) Spike upright, close; main stalk not winged. Calyx lanceolate, the length of the spike- lets. Leaves spinous-pointed. Sandy sea-shores. If. . 7. 4 f, glauc. Stip. very short. Sp. 7 — 10 in. 2. E. geniculdtus, 23. 1586. (Pendulous L.) Spike bent perpendi- cularly downward, lax; main stalk winged. Calyx awl-shaped, longer than the spikelets. Leaves spinous-pointed. Marshes near the sea, rare. If. . 7. Taller, but slenderer. Sp. 1 \ — 2f. 3. E. Europceus, 19. 1317. (Wood L.) Spike erect. Florets about two, rough, awned, as well as the calyx. Leaves flat, pliant. Woods. "2^. 6. Dark green. 2f. Upper florets often solitary. 60. HoRDEUM. Barley. 1. H, murinum, 28. 1971. (Wall B.) Lateral flowers barren; calyx- valves of the intermediate one lanceolate, fringed. Waste gr. 0 . 6 — 8. Stems recumb. at the base. L. rough,dark green. 2. H. pratense, 6. 409. (Meadow B.) Lateral flowers imperfect, with shorter awns. All the calyx-valves bristle-shaped and rough. Moist past. 2f . 6. Stem erect, 18 in. Leaves roughish. 3. H.maritimum, 17. 1205. (Sea B.) Lateral flowers imperfect, with shorter awns ; the inner valve of their calyx half-ovate. Mead, and sandy shores, ©. 6, 7. Like the first. L. smoother, and more glauc. Awns very rough, with minute bi'istly teeth. 61. TRlTICUM. Wheat, or Wheat-grass. 1. T.junceum, 12.814. (Rushy Sea W.) Calyx-valves blunt, many- ribbed. Florets about five, awnless. Main-stalk smooth. Leaves involute, sharp-pointed. Root creeping widely. Sandy sea-shores, If. . 1. Glaucous, rigid. Stem purp. at the base. 2. T. repens, 13. 909. (Creeping W., Couch-grass.) Calyx-valves pointed or awned, lanceolate, many-ribbed. Florets about five, sharp-pointed or awned. Leaves flat. Root creeping. Waste and cult. gr. If. 6 — 9. Straight and slender. Leaves rough on the upper side ; glaucous near the sea. 3. T. caninum, 20. 1372. (Fibrous-rooted W.) Calyx-valves some- what awned, with three or five ribs. Florets four, awned. Leaves flat. Root fibrous. Woods on a chalky soil. If. 7. Slender, straight, green. L. rough. 4. T. cristdtum, 32. 2267. (Crested W.) Calyx-valves elliptical, awned, keeled, obscurely ribbed. Florets awned. Spikelets closely imbricated, depressed, straight. Stems simple. Marit. cliffs in Scot., a doubtful native. If. . 7. Slender, rigid, 1 — 1^ f L. hairy above. Ord. 1.] TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 29 5. T. lolidceum, 4. 221. (Dwarf Sea W.) Calyx-valves obtuse, awn- less. Florets numerous, awnless, elliptical, ribbed. Spike uni- lateral. Stem branched. Root fibrous. Sandy sea-shores. ©. 6, 7. 2 — 4 in., rigid and wiry, very smooth and polished. TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 62. M6NTIA. Blinks. 1. M.fontana, 17. 1206. (Water Blinks. Water-Chickweed.) By rills and rivers. 0. 4, 5. Spreading, smooth. Fl. white, small. Seeds black. 63. HOL6STEUM. Jagged Chickweed. 1. H. umbelldtum, 1. 27. (Umbelliferous Jagged Ch.) Flower-stalks umbellate. Leaves ovate, acute. Old walls. ©. 4. Smooth, erect, a little glaucous. Fl. white. 64. POLYCARPON. All-seed. 1. P. tetraphyllum, 15. 1031. (Four-leaved All-seed.) Waste and sandy gr., S. of Engl., rare. 0. 5 — 8. Spreading flat on the ground. L. generally 4. Fl. small, whitish, panicled. Stip. jagged. Class. IV. TETRANDRIA. Stamens 4, equal. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. * Fl. of 1 petal, superior, single-seeded. 65. DlPSACUS. Common cal. of many leaves. Proper cal. single, superior, of 1 leaf, cup-shaped, crowning the seed. — N.O. Drr- SACE^E. 66. SCABI6SA. Common Cal. of many leaves. Prop. Cal double, superior, crowning the seed. — N.O. Dipsace^e. ** Fl. of 1 petal, superior, 2-seeded. 70. RuBIA. Cor. bell-shaped. Fruit pulpy N.O. Rubiace/e. 69. GALIUM. Cor. flat. Fruit dry.— N.O. Rubiace*:. 68. AS PERU LA. Cor. tubular. Fruit without a crown.— N.O. RubiacejE. 67. SHERARDI A. Cor. tubular. Fruit crowned with the calyx ; each seed with 3 teeth. — N.O. Rubiace^e. 30 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. [Cl, 4. *** Fl. of 1 petal, inferior. 71. EXACUM. Cor. salver-shaped, spreading. Stamens shorter than the limb. Caps, with 2 valves, many-seeded, opening at the top N.O. GentianejE. 72. PLANTAGO. Cor. reflexed. Stamens very long. Caps, of 2 or 4 cells, bursting all round. — N.O. Plantagine*:. 73. CENTuNCULUS. ^Cof. tubular, spreading. Stam. within the tube. Caps, of 1 cell, bursting all round.— N.O. PrimulacejE. Some Gentianm. **** Fl. of 4 petals. 75. EPIMeDIUM. Nect. 4, hollow, lying on the petals. Podsuperior, of 1 cell, with many seeds. Cal. deciduous.— N.O. Ber- BERIDE.E. 76. CoRNUS. Nect.O. Drupa inferior: nut of 2 cells — N.O.Corne.e. Cardamine. Senebiera 2. ***** Fl. without petals. 11. PARIETARIA. Cal. 4-cleft, inferior. Stam. elastic. Seed invested with the elongated calyx. Some flowers without sta- mens, their cal. remaining unaltered. — N.O. UrticgjE. *77. ISNARDIA. Cal. 4-cleft, superior. Caps, quadrangular, of 4 cells, crowned by the calyx.— N.O. Onagrari^e. 74. SANGU1S6RBA. Cal. 4-cleft, superior, coloured. Stain. dilated upward. Caps, quadrangular, of 1 cell, not bursting. N.O. RoSACEiE. 73. ALCHEMl'LLA. Cal. 8-cleft, inferior. Seed 1 or 2, naked. N.O. RoSACEiE. Order II. DIGYNIA. Styles 2. 79. BUFFoNIA. Petals 4. Caps, of 2 valves. Seeds 2.— N.O. Caryophylle.e. Alchemilla. Gentiance. Cuscutce. Order III. TETRAGYNIA. Styles, or Stigmas, 4, 80. ILEX. Cor. wheel-shaped, of 1 or 4 petals. Berry with 4 seeds. Styles 0. Some flowers barren.— N.O. 1'licine.e. 84. M (EN CHI A. Pet. 4. Caps, of 1 cell, and 1 valve, with 8 teeth. Cal. of 4 leaves.— N.O. Caryophylles:. 83. SAGiNA. Pet. 4. Caps, of 1 cell, and 4 valves. Cal. of 4 leaves. — N.O. Caryophylleje. 86. RADlOLA. Pet. 4. Caps, of 8 cells, and 8 valves. Calyx of 1 leaf, in 12 segments.— N.O. Lineje. 85. TILL M A. Pet. 4, 3, or 5. Caps, several. Seeds several.— N.O. CfiASSULACEiE. Ord 1.] TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 31 81. POTAMOGeTON. Pet. 4. Cal. 0. Seeds 4, naked, sessile. — N.O. Naiades. 82. RuPPIA. Pet. 0. Cal. 0. Seeds 4, stalked N.O. Naiades. Cerastium. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Go. DlPSACUS. Teasel. 1. D. fullonum, 29. 2080. (Fuller's T.) Leaves combined, ser- rated. Scales of the receptacle hooked backwards. Common calyx reflexed. Hedges, not wild. $ . 7. Erect, 5 or 6 f., prickly. Fl. whitish. 2. D. sylvestris, 15. 1032. (Wild T.) Leaves opposite, serrated. Scales of the receptacle straight. Common calyx inflexed, longer than the head. About hedges. $ . 7. Less robust, 4f. Scales taper, less rigid. 3. D. pilosus, 13. 877. (Small T.) Leaves stalked, with lateral leaflets. Common calyx deflexed, about the length of the head. Moist chalky soil. If. 8. L. ovate, pointed. Fl. white. Scales/ringed. 66. SCABIoSA. Scabious. 1. S. succisa, 13. 878. (Devil's-bit S.) Corolla in four equal seg- ments. Heads nearly globular. Stem-leaves distantly toothed. Past. If. S — 10. R. abrupt. Stem 1 — 2 f., hairy. L. entire. Fl.blue. 2. S. arvensis, 10. 659. (Field S.) Corolla in four segments; themar- ginal flowers radiant. Leaves pinnatifid, cut. Stem bristly. Fields. If. 7. Root tapering. Stem 3 f. Fl. large, pale purple. 3. S. columbaria, 19. 1311. (Small S.) Corolla in five unequal seg- ments. Radical leaves ovate, or lyrate, notched ; the others pinnatifid, linear. Moist chalky soil. If- 6, 7. R. woody. Stem 12 — 18 in. Cor. radiant. 67. SHERARDIA. Field-madder. 1. Sh. arvensis, 13. 891. (Little F.) Leaves all whorled. Flowers terminal. Fields. 0.5 — 8. Spreading. 3 — 6 in. L. obov. Cor. purplish blue. 68. ASPeRULA. Woodruff. 1. A. odordta, 11. 755. (Sweet W.) Leaves eight in a whorl, lanceolate. Panicles stalked, of few flowers. Woody mount. If . 5. L. shining, rough attheedges. Fl.pure white. 2. A. cyndnchica, 1. 33. (Small W. Quinsy-wort.) Leaves linear, four in a whorl ; the upper ones very unequal. Flowers all four- cleft. Fruit smooth. Dry chalky banks. If . 6. Spreading. 4 — 6 in. Cor. flesh-col. *3. A. arvensis, Suppl. 2792. (Field W.) Leaves 6 — 10 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers aggregate, terminal, sur- 32 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 4. rounded by long ciliated bracteas. Fruit glabrous. Root annual. Fields, Devon, rare, introduced. 0. 6, 7. Flowers bright blue. Fruit large. 69. GALIUM. Bed-straw. * Fruit smooth. 1. G. crucidtum, 2. 143. (Cross-wort B. Mug-weed.) Leaves ovate, hairy, four in a whorl. Stem hairy, simple above. Flower-stalks axillary, corymbose, with two leaves. Thickets and hedges. if. 5. Stem \%f Fl. yellow ; some barren. 2. G. pa-lustre, 26. 1857. (Water B.) Leaves obovate, obtuse ; upper ones four in a whorl, unequal. Stem weak ; branched in the upper part. Moist situations. 2f . 7. Stem smooth. Fl. ivhite, terminal. 3. G. Witheringii, 31.2206. (Rough Heath B.) Leaves about five in a whorl, widely spreading, lanceolate, fringed with bristles. Ste.n upright, nearly simple, rough with reversed hooks. Moist elevated places. If. 7. Pan. term. Cor. white. Anth. reddish. 4. G. saxdtile, 12.815. (Smooth Heath B.) Leaves six in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, with a small point. Stem much branched, prostrate, smooth. Fruit granulated. Heaths and hilly sit. If .7,8. L.roughish at the edges. Fl. white, term. 5. G. uliginosum, 28. 1972. (Rough Marsh B.) Leaves six in a whorl, obovate-lanceolate, rigid, bristle-pointed; their edges rough, like the stem, with recurved prickles. Corolla larger than the smooth fruit. Watery pi. If. 6. Stem rough. Fl. white, on term, panicled stalks. 6. G. erectum, 29. 2067. (Upright B.) Leaves about eight in a whorl, lanceolate, bristle-pointed ; their edges rough with prickles, all pointing forward. Stern weak, slightly hairy under each joint. Moist, past. If . 6, 7. Panicles dense terminal. Cor. white, taper- pointed. 7. G. cinereum, Suppl. 2783. (Grey spreading B.) Leaves six or eight in a whorl, linear, bristle-pointed ; their edges beset with prickles, all pointing forward. Stem branched, smooth. Corolla taper-pointed. Near Edin. If . 8. Stem weak, about 2f.Fl. white. Fr. smoothish. 8. G. aristdtum, Suppl. 2784. (Bearded B.) Leaves six in a whorl, stalked, lanceolate, flat, reticulated with veins, bristle-pointed, with minute marginal prickles pointing forward. Seeds kidney- shaped, separated, smooth. Corolla taper-pointed. Scott, mount. Angus-shire. If .7, 8. Stem If, branched, spread- ing, smooth. Fl. white. 9. G. verrucosum, 31. 2173. (Warty-fruited B.) Leaves six in a whorl, lanceolate, with marginal prickles all pointing forward. Stalks axillary, three-flowered. Fruit warty, drooping. Fields, Yorkshire and near Forfar. 0. 6 — 8. Prickles of the stem recurved. Fl. small, yellowish. G. saccharatum, Br. Fl. 10. G. tricorne, 23. 1641. (Rough-fruited B.) Leaves about eight in Ord. L] TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 33 a whorl, lanceolate ; their edges, like the stem, beset with re- flexed prickles. Stalks axillary, three-flowered. Fruit sharply granulated, drooping. Chalky fields. 0. 7. Stem simple. Fl. greenish ivhite. Fruit as if shaven. 11. G. spurium, 26. 1871. (Smooth-fr. B.) Leaves about eight in a whorl, lanceolate ; their edges, like the stem, beset with reflexed prickles. Stalks axillary, many-flowered, cymose. Fruit smooth, erect. Fields, near Forfar. 0 . 6, 7. Flowers green. Seeds kidney- shaped. 12. G. pusillum, 2. 74. (Least B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, linear- lanceolate, hair-pointed, entire, somewhat hairy. Panicles ter- minal, forked. Fruit very smooth. Calcar. hills. "4.7,8. Stems many, 4 — 10 m. Fl ivhite, small, copious. 13. G. verum, 10. 660. (Yellow B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, linear, channelled, entire, rough. Flowers in dense panicles. Hilly, bushy pi. If.. 7, 8. Stem 18 in. Fl. numer. of a golden yell. 14. G. Mollugo, 24. 1673. (Great Hedge B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, elliptical, bluntish, bristle-pointed, rough-edged. Flowers in loose spreading panicles. Corolla thick-tipped. Seeds smooth, globular. Hedges and thickets. If. 7, 8. Stem 3 — 4 f. Fl. white, numerous. 15. G. dnglicum, 6, 384. (Wall B.) Leaves about 6 in a whorl, lan- ceolate, pointed, fringed with prickles. Stems straggling, rough. Flower-stalks cloven. Fruit granulated, without hairs. Walls and sandy gr. © . 6, 7. Scarcely a span. Fl. few, pale yeU. ** Fruit bristly. 16. G. boredle, 2. 105. (Cross-leaved B.) Leaves four in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, three-ribbed, smooth, with rough edges. Stem erect. Fruit rough with hooked bristles. Rocky pi. 2£ 7. M. creeping. Stem 18 in. Fl. white, panicled. 1 7. G. Aparine, 12. 816. (Goose Grass, or Cleavers.) Leaves eight in a whorl, lanceolate, keeled, rough, fringed with reflexed prickles. Stem weak. Hedges. 0.5—8. 3—4/ Fl. small, pale buff. Fr. a double globe 70, RuBIA. Madder. 1. R. peregrina, 12. 851. (Wild M.) Leaves four, or more, in a whorl, elliptical ; shining and smooth on the upper side. Flowers five-cleft. Dry ground, S. W. of Engl. If. 6, 7. L. evergr. broad, shining. Berry black. 71. EXACUM. Gentianella. 1. E.filiforme, 4. 235. (Least G.) Leaves sessile. Stem thread- shaped, forked. Flowers on long stalks. Sandy bogs in the south. © .6. About 3 in., bitter. Fl. small, yellow. 34 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 4>. 72. PLANTAGO. Plantain. 1. P. major, 22. 1558. (Greater P.) Leaves ovate, smoothish, somewhat toothed, on longish footstalks. Flower-stalks round. Spike tapering. Seeds numerous. Mead. & past. If. 5 — 9. L. rather upright, 7 — 9 ribbed. Spikes long. 2. P. media, 22. 1559. (Hoary P.) Leaves ovate, downy, on short stalks. Flower-stalks round. Spike cylindrical. Seeds solitary. Dry past. If. 5 — 8. L. close to the ground, Sp. short. Stam. pink. 3. P. lanceolata, 8. 507. (Ribwort P.) Leaves lanceolate, entire. tapering at each end ; woolly at the base. Flower-stalks angular. Spike ovate. Mead, and past. If. 6, 7. Leaves plaited, erect. Spike blackish. 4. P. maritima, 3. 175. (Sea P.) Leaves linear, channelled, nearly entire. Flower-stalks round, longer than the leaves. Spike cylindrical. Salt marshes, and mount. If . 8. Varying in size. Spikes long and slender. 5. P. Coronopus, 13. 892. (Buck's-horn P.) Leaves in many pinnate, linear segments. Flower-stalks round. Sandy gr. 0 . 5 — 8. L. numerous, spread fiat. Spike short. 73. CENTtJNCULUS. Chaff-weed. 1. C. minimus, 8. 531. (Small C.) Flowers sessile. Corolla without glands at the base. Watery heaths. 0.6,7. About 2 in. L. ovate. Fl. axillary, reddish. 74. SANGUISoRBA. Burnet. 1. S. officinalis, 19. 1312. (Great B.) Spikes ovate. Mead, and past. If. 6. About 2 f. L. pinnate. Sp. dull purple. 2. S. media. (Oblong B.) Spikes cylindrical. West of Scot. V..7. A var. of S. off. 75. EPIMeDIUM. Barren wort. 1. E. alpinum, 7.438. (Alpine B.) Radical leaves none ; stem- leaf twice ternate. Mount, thickets, rare. If. 5. Leafl. fringed. Fl. in clusters, drooping, dark-red ; nect. yellowish. Indigenous ? 76. CoRNUS. Cornel. 1. C. sanguinea, 4. 249. (Wild C, Dog-wood.) Branches straight. Leaves green on both sides. Cymes naked, flat. Woods and hedges. T2 . 6. Dark red. Wood hard. Fl. white, termin. 2. C. suecica, 5. 310. (Dwarf C.) Herbaceous. Umbel between two branches, stalked, with an involucrum. Ribs of the leaves but slightly combined. Alpine past. If. 6, 1. Stem 4 — 6 in., erect. Umb. of dark purple fi. 77. PARIETARIA. Wall-pellitory. 1. P. officinalis, 13. 879. (Common W.) Leaves lanceolate-ovate, Ord. 4.] TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 35 without lateral ribs at the base. Involucrum three-flowered, with seven ovate segments. Stem ascending-. Walls and rubbish. If. 6 — 9. Stems annual, reddish. L. dark-green. * 77. ISNARDIA. Isnardia. 1. I. palustris, Suppl. 2593. (Marsh Isnardia.) Ponds and watery pi. 0. 7. Floating, smooth. L. opposite, ovate, bright green, succulent. Fl. small, green, solit. 78. ALCHEMlLLA. Lady's Mantle. 1. A. vulgaris, 9. 597. (Common L.) Leaves lobed, plaited. High and dry past. 1[.6, 7. Stems 4 — 8 in. Fl. green, in termin. dust. 2. A. alp'ina, 4. 244. (Alpine L.) Leaves fingered, serrated; silky at the back. Alpine rocks. "U . 7. L. of a bright silvery hue beneath ; fine green above. Fl. green, in tufts. 3. A. arvensis, 15. 1011. (Field L.) Leaves flat, three-lobed, cut. Fallow fields. ©.5 — 8. Spreading, about 3 in. Fl. lateral, green. TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA. 79. BUFFoNIA. Buffonia. I. B. tenuifolia, 19. 1313. (Slender Buffonia.) Sea-coasts, now extinct. 0. 6. Stem erect. L. awl-shaped. TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 80. fLEX. Holly. 1. I. Aquifolium, 7. 496. (Common H.) Leaves ovate, acute, spinous and wavy. Flowers axillary, somewhat cymose. Hedg. and bushy pi. T? . 5. A handsome evergreen tree. Fl. white. 81. POTAMOGeTON. Pond-weed. 1. P. nutans, 26. 1822. (Broad-leaved P.) Upper leaves oblong- ovate, stalked, floating, coriaceous ; lower ones linear, membra- nous, sessile. Pools and ditches. If. 7. Stem branched, immersed. Spike raised. 2. Y.heterophyllum, 18. 1285. (Various-leaved P.) Upper leaves elliptical, stalked, floating, slightly coriaceous ; lower ones lance- olate, membranous, sessile. Flower-stalks swelling upward. Pools and ditches. %.l — 9. Much smaller. Sjrikes dense, about 1 in. 3. P '. perfoliatum, 3. 168. (Perfoliate P.) Leaves heart-shaped, clasping the stem, uniform, all submersed. Pools and riv. If. 7, 8. L. pellucid, olive-colour. Spikes alone emersed. 36 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. [CI. 4. 4. P. densum, 6. 397. (Close-leaved P.) Leaves ovate, pointed, opposite, r rowded. Stem forked. Spike of four flowers. Pools and sl«»«r riv. If. 6. Smaller, immersed. Spike short, emersed. 5. P. rufescens, P. fluitans 18. 1286. (Reddish P.) Lower leaves lanceolate, acute, membranous, with distinct ribs ; upper elliptic- oblong-, coriaceous, stalked, obtuse, floating'. Ditches and rivul. If. 8, 9. Leaf ribs distinct. Of a reddish hue. 6. P. lucens, 6. 376. (Shining P.) Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, membranous, stalked, repeatedly triple-ribbed, all submersed. Spike dense, many-flowered. Ponds & lakes. If. 6, 7. Larger, olive-green, or reddish. Spike green. *6. P. prcelongum. (Long-stalked P.) Leaves oblong, obtuse, with three principal and several lesser parallel ribs, arising from the base, connected by reticulations. Peduncles elongated. Spikes cylindrical, many-flowered. Pools, Scotland. If . 7. Nearly as large as P. lucens. Leaves semiamplexicaid. Peduncles very long. 7. P. lanceoldtum, 28. 1985. (Lanceolate P.) Leaves lanceolate, membranous, flat, entire ; contracted at the base ; with chain-like reticulations near the ribs. Spikes ovate, dense, of few flowers. Anglesea and Scot. If. 8. Stip. narrow. Fl. brownish. 8. P. crispum, 15. 1012. (Curled P.) Leaves lanceolate, waved, serrated, alternate ; the upper ones opposite. Flowers in loose spikes. Ditch, and rivul. If. 6, 7. Wholly under ivater. Fl. yellowish green. 9. P. compression, 6. 418. (Flat-stalked P.) Leaves linear, obtuse, with a very slight point ; two lateral ribs meeting just below the extremity. Stem compressed. Ditches and slow streams. If.. 6, 1. Stip. sheathing. Fl. brownish, about 4 in a spike- *9. P. acutifolium, Suppl. 2609. (Sharp-leaved P.) Leaves linear, acuminate, with three principal ribs, and numerous close parallel intermediate ones, occupying the whole surface. Spikes oval, compact, about equal in length with the short peduncle. Ditches, Sussex, rare. If. 7. 10. P. zostercefolium, Suppl. 2685. (Pointed-leaved P.) Leaves broadly linear, acute, with three principal ribs, and numerous intermediate ones, all distinct. Spikes cylindrical, upon long peduncles. Ponds and rivul. If. 7. Larger, bright green. Fl.-stalks very long. P. cuspidatum. E. FL 11. P. gramineum, 32. 2253. (Grassy P.) Leaves linear, tapering downward, with solitary, very slender, lateral ribs. Stem round, forked. Flower-stalks from the forks, scarcely longer than the spikes. Ponds and ditches. If. 7. Submersed. Stipulas convoluted. 12. P. pusillum, 3. 215. (Small P.) Leaves linear, spreading at the base, opposite or alternate, with solitary, very slender, lateral ribs. Stem round. Flower-stalks axillary, mostly lateral, many times longer than their spikes. Ord. 1.] PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 37 Clay ditches & ponds. 1£ .7. Stem slender, 1 — 2 f Spike small, ovate. 13. P. pectinatum, 5. 323. (Fennel-leaved P.) Leaves bristle-shaped, single-ribbed, parallel, thickly set in two ranks ; sheathing at the base. Spikes interrupted. Ditches of fresh or salt water. If.. 7. Fl. 2 or 3 together, dull green. 82. RuPPIA. Ruppia. 1. R. maritima, 2. 136. (Sea R., Tassel Pond-weed. Salt-water ditches. If ? 8, 9. L. linear, immersed. Sp. 2 — 4JI. 83. SAGlNA. Pearl-wort. 1. S. procumbens, 13.880. (Procumbent P.) Stems procumbent, smooth. Leaves minutely pointed. Petals half as long as the calyx. Rubbish & gravelly banks. If. . 5 — 8. Stems 2 — 4 in. rooting. L. evergr. 2. S. maritima, 31. 2195. (Sea P.) Stems nearly upright, divari- cated, smooth. Leaves obtuse without bristles. Petals none. High mount, and sea-coast. 0. 5 — 8. Stems 2 or 3 in., purplish. 3. S. apetala, 13. 881. (Small-flowered P.) Stems nearly upright, hairy. Leaves bristle-pointed, fringed. Petals none, or very small. Gravel & rubbish. 0 .5, 6. Fl.-stalks long and hairy. Pet. white, or 0. 84. MceNCHIA. Mcenchia. 1. M. erecta, Sagina erecta, 9. 609. (Upright M.) Gravelly past. 0. 5. Glauc. Fl. glistening. 85. TILL & A. Tillsea. 1. T. muscosa, 2. 116. (Mossy T.) Stems procumbent. Flowers sessile, mostly three-cleft. Barren sandy heaths. 0 . 5,6. Stems 1 — 2 in. reddish. Stam. 3. 86. RADIO LA. Flax-seed. 1. R. millegrana, 13. 893. (Thyme-leaved F.) Wet sandy gr. 0. 7, 8. Smooth, erect, 1 — 2 in. forked. Fl. white. Class V. PENTANDRIA. Stamens 5. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. Asperifoliae L. — N.O. Boragine^e. * Fl. of 1 pet., inferior, with 2 or 4 naked seeds. 96. ECHIUM. Throat of the cor. dilated, naked ; limb irregular. Stigma deeply cloven. 91. PULMONARIA. Cor. naked in the throat, funnel-shaped. Calyx prismatic, 5-cleft at the margin. 88. LITHOSPERMUM. Cor. naked in the throat, funnel-shaped. Cal. in 5 deep segments. 92. SYMPHYTUM. Cor. closed with awl-shaped converging valves; limb bell-shaped. 38 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 5. 93. BORAGO. Cor. closed with awl-shaped or notched valves ; limb wheel-shaped. 95. LYCoPSIS. Cor. closed with concave obtuse valves, funnel- shaped ; tube doubly bent. Seeds concave at the base. 89. ANCHuSA. Cor. closed with concave obtuse valves, funnel- shaped; tube straight, tumid below. Seeds concave at the base. 94. ASPERuGO. Cor. closed with concave obtuse valves, salver- shaped. Cal. of the fruit compressed, with jagged parallel lobes. 87. MYOS6TIS. Cor. half closed with rounded valves, salver- shaped ; lobes obtuse. Seeds perforated at the base, borne by the calyx. 90. CYNOGLoSSUM. Cor. half closed with rounded valves, funnel-shaped. Seeds depressed, imperforate, borne by a central column. ** Fl. of 1 pet., inferior, with numerous covered seeds. 102. ANAGaLLIS. Caps, of 1 cell, bursting all round. Cor. wheel-shaped. Stam. hairy. — N.O. Primulace;e. 101. LYSIMACHIA. Caps, of 1 cell, with 10 (or 5) valves. Cor. wheel-shaped. — N.O. Primulace^:. 98. CYCLAMEN. Caps, of 1 cell, pulpy within. Cor. wheel- shaped, reflexed. Stigma simple.— N.O. Primulace^e. 97. PRiMULA. Caps, of 1 cell, opening with 10 teeth. Cor. salver-shaped ; tube cylindrical ; throat open. Stigma globular. — N.O. Primulace^e. 100. HOTToNIA. Caps, of 1 cell, with 5 teeth. Cor. salver- shaped. Stam. from the margin of the tube. Stigm. globular. Cal. in 5 deep segm. — N.O. Primulaceje. 99. MENYANTHES. Caps, of 1 cell. Cor. hairy. Stigma divided. — N.O. Gentiane^e. 117. ERYTHRisA. Caps, of 2 incomplete cells. Cor. salver- shaped. Anthers finally spiral — N.O. Gentiane^e. 113. DATtjRA. Caps, of 2 cells, and four valves. Cor. funnel- shaped. Cal. deciduous. — N.O. Solane^e. 114. HYOSCyAMUS. Caps, of 2 cells, with a lid. Cor. funnel- shaped. Stigma capitate. — N.O. Solane^:. 112. VERBA.SCUM. Caps, of 2 cells. Cor. wheel-shaped, irregular. Stigma obtuse. Stam. declining. — N.O. Verbasce^e. 104. CONVOLVULUS. Caps, of 2 or 3 cells, with 2 seeds'm each. Co?', bell-shaped, plaited. Stig.2. — N.O. Convolvulace^e. 105. POLEM6N1UM. Caps, of 3 cells. Cor. deeply 5-cleft ; tube closed by 5 valves. Stam. between the valves, opposite to the segments. — N.O. Polemoniace^e. 103. AZALEA. Caps, of 5 cells. Cor. bell-shaped. Stam. from the receptacle. Anth. with 2 pores. Stigma capitate. — N.O. ERICEiE. 127. VlNCA. Follicles 2, erect. Cor. salver-shaped, oblique. Seed. simple. — N.O. Apocyne^:. Old. 1.] PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 39 116. SOLANUM. Berry dS. 2 cells. Cor. wheel-shaped. Anth. with 2 pores. — N.O. Solane/E. 115. ATKOPA. Berry of 2 cells. Cor. bell-shaped. Stam. distant, incurved. Anth. heart-shaped. — N.O. Solane-se. *** Fl. of 1 petal, superior. 118. SlMOLUS. Caps, of 1 cell, with 5 recurved valves. Cor. funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, with intermediate scales — N.O. Pri- MULACEjE. 108. JASIoNE. Caps, half 2-celled, opening at the top. Cor. wheel-shaped, in 5 deep segments. Stigm. club-shaped. Anth. combined at the base. — N.O. Campanulace^. 107. PHYTEuMA. Caps, of 2 or 3 cells, bursting laterally. Cor. wheel-shaped, in 5 deep segments. Stigma 2- or 3-cleft. — N.O. Campanulace^e. 109. LOBELIA. Caps, of 2 or 3 cells. Cor. irregular, split length- wise. Stigma capitate, hairy. — N.O. Campanulace;e. 106. CAMPANULA. Caps, of 2 or 3 cells, with torn fissures at the base. Cor. bell-shaped. Stigma 2- or 3-cleft, revolute — N.O. Campanulace^e. 1 19. LONICeRA. Berry of 1 or more cells, with many seeds. Cor. irregular. — N.O. Caprifoliaceje. Rubia 1. **** Fl. of 5, or ^petals, inferior. 120. RHA.MNUS. Berry of several cells. Cal. funnel-shaped, bearing the petals. — N.O. RhamnejE. 121. EUoNYMUS. Caps, with 4 or 5 cells. Seeds with a fleshy tunic. Cal. flat. — N.O. Celastine^e. 110. IMPATIENS. Caps, of 5 cells, and 5 elastic valves. Cal. of 2 leaves. Cor. irregular. — N.O. Balsamine^e. 111. VlOLA. Caps, of 1 cell, and 3 valves. Cal. of 5 leaves, extended at the base. Cor. irregular, spurred — N.O. Vio- LARIE^E. ***** Fl. of 5 petals, superior. 122. RlBES. Berry with many seeds. Cal. bearing the petals. Style divided.— N.O. Glossularie^e. 123. HeDERA. Berry with 3—5 seeds. Cal. surrounding the germen. Style simple. Pet. broadest at the base. — N.O. Araliace.e. ****** Petals wanting. 125. GLaUX. Caps, superior with 5 seeds. Cal. coloured, of 1 leaf. — N.O. Primulaceje. 124. ILLeCEBRUM. Caps, superior, with 1 seed. Cal. cartila- ginous, of 5 leaves. — N.O. Paronychie.e. 126. THeSIUM. Drupa inferior, dry. Cal. coriaceous, 5-cleft, bearing the stamens. — N.O. Santalace^e. 40 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 5. Order II. DIGYNIA. Styles 2. * Fl. of 1 petal, inferior. 134. SWeRTI A. Caps, of 1 cell. Cor. wheel-shaped, with 2 nectari- ferous pores at the base of each segment. — N.O. Gentiane^e. 135. GENTIANA. Caps, of 1 cell. Cor. tubular at the base, destitute of nectariferous pores. — N.O. Gentianeje. 133. CuSCUTA. Caps, of 2 cells, bursting all round. Cor. bell- shaped. — N.O. Convolvulace^. ** Fl. of 5 petals, inferior. — (Staphylea \.) *** Petals wanting. Seed solitary. 129. CHENOPoDIUM. Seed lenticular, tunicated, superior.— N.O. Chenopode;e. 130. BETA. Seed kidney-shaped, imbedded in the fleshy calyx. — N.O. Chenopode^e. 131. SaLSOLA. Caps, closed, imbedded in the fleshy calyx. Seed with a spiral embryo. — N.O. Chenopodeje. 128. HERNlARTA. Caps, closed, membranous, invested with the calyx. Stam. with 5 imperfect filaments. — N.O. Parony- chie^e. 132. ULMUS. Caps, closed, membranous, compressed, bordered, superior. — N.O. Ulmace^:. Polygonum 1. **** Fl. of 5 pet. superior. Seeds 2. — N.O.Umbellifer^e. A. Fruit a single or double globe. 152. CORlANDRUM. Fruit smooth, without ribs. Cal. broad, unequal. Petals radiant. Floral receptacle 0. B. Fruit beaked. 143. SCaNDIX. Beak much longer than the seeds. Fruit some- what bristly. Cal. 0. Pet. unequal, undivided. Flor. recept. 5-lobed, coloured. 142. ANTHRlSCUS. Beak shorter than the seeds, even. Fr. rough with scattered, prominent bristles. Cal. 0. Pet. equal, inversely heart-shaped. Fl. recept. slightly bordered. 144. CHtEROPHyLLUM. Beak shorter than the seeds, angular. Fruit smooth, without ribs. Cal. 0. Pet. inversely heart- shaped, rather unequal. Fl. recept. wavy. C. Fruit solid, prickly, without a beak. 136. ERyNGIUM. Fr. ovate, clothed with straight bristles. Cal. pointed. Pet. oblong, equal, inflexed, undivided. Fl. aggre- gate.^ Common recept. scaly. 137. SANlCULA. Fr. ovate,clothed with hooked bristles. Cal. acute. Pet. lanceol. inflexed, nearly equal. Fl. separated, dissimilar. Ord. 2.] FENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 41 138. ECHINoPHORA. Fr. ovate, imbedded in the enlarged, armed receptacle. Seed solitary. Cal. spinous. Pet. obcor- date, unequal. Fl. separated. 139. DA.UCUS. Fr. elliptic-oblong-, compressed transversely. Seeds with 4 rows of flat prickles, and rough intermediate ribs. Cal. obsolete. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal. Fl. separated. 140. CA.UCALIS. Fr. elliptic-oblong, compressed transversely. Seeds with 4 rows of ascending, awl-shaped, hooked prickles ; the interstices prickly or rough. Cal. broad, acute, unequal. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal. Fl. imperfectly separated. 141. TORlLIS. Fr. ovate, slightly compressed laterally. Seeds ribless, rough with scattered, prominent, ascending, rigid prickles. Cal. short, broad, acute, nearly equal. Pet. in- versely heart-shaped, nearly equal. Fl. united. Myrrhis 1. D. Fruit solid, nearly round, unarmed, without wings. 145. MyRRHIS. Fr. deeply furrowed. Cal. 0. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, rather unequal. Fl, recept. 0. Fl. imperfectly separated. 146. vBuNIUM. Fr. slightly ribbed. Cal. small, acute, unequal. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, equal. Fl. recept. 0. FL im- perfectly separated. 153. (ENaNTHE. Fr. ribbed, somewhat spongy. Cal. large, lan- ceol. acute, spread, uneq. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, radiant, very uneq. Fl. recept. dilated, depressed. Fl. separated. 154. CRlTHMUM. Fr. ribbed, coriaceous. Cal. small, broad, acute, incurved. Pet. ellipt. acute, incurv., equal. Fl. ?-ecept.O. Fl. united, all perfect. 163. ATHAMANTA. Fr. ribbed, ovate, hairy. Styles short. Cal. lanceol. acute, incurved. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, equal, with a broad point. Fl. recept 0. Fl. imperfectly separated. 164. PIMPINeLLA. Fr. ovate, ribbed, with convex interstices. Styles capillary, as long as the fruit. Cal. 0. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, nearly equal. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. either united or dioecious. E. Fruit solid, unarmed, without wings, compressed laterally ; its transverse diameter being at least twice the breadth of th e juncture. 147. SlUM. Fr. ovate or globular, ribbed, furrowed. Cal. small, acute, uneq. or obsolete. Pet. obovate or inversely heart- shaped, equal, longer than the cylindr. styles. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. uniform, united. 148. SlSON. Fr. ovate or nearly orbicul., ribbed. Cal. blunt, or obsolete. Pet. ellipt. or inversely heart-shaped, equal, with an involute point. Styles very short and thick. FL recept. 0. Fl. uniform, united. 149. CICuTA. Fr. nearly orbicul. heart-sh. at the base, with 6 double ribs. Cal. broad, acute, rather uneq. Pet. ovate or 42 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 5. slightly heart-shaped, nearly equal. Styles scarcely tumid at the base. Fl. recept. depressed, withering. Fl. uniform, nearly regular, united. 151. CONlUM. Fr. ovate, with 10 acute ribs, wavy in an unripe state. Cal. obsolete. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, slightly uneq. Styles a little tumid at the base. Fl. recept. dilated, depressed, wavy, permanent. Fl. slightly irreg. united. 155. SMfRNIUM. Fr. broader than long, concave at each side, with 6 acute dorsal ribs; interstices convex. Cal. very small, acute. Pet. equal, lanceol. incurved, or inversely heart-shaped. Styles depressed and tumid at the base. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. nearly reg., partly barren. 156. APIUM. Fr. roundish-ovate, with 6 acute dorsal ribs ; in- terstices flat. Cal. obsol. Pet. roundish, with an inflexed point, very nearly equal. Styles greatly swelled at the base. Fl. recept. thin, orbicular, wavy. Fr. nearly reg., united. 157. iEGOPoDIUM. Fr. elliptic-oblong, with equidistant Wfo ; interstices flattish. Cal. 0. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, broad, a little uneq. Styles ovate at the base. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. united, all perfect, slightly radiant. 161. MeUM. Fr. ellipt.-obl. with equidistant ribs ; interstices flattish. Cal. 0. Pet. obovate, equal, with an inflexed point. Styles short, recurved, tumid at the base. Fl. recept. 0. FL united, all perfect, reg. 162. CaRUM. Fr. ellipt.-obl. with equidist. ribs ; interst, convex. Cal. acute, small, or obsol. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, uneq. Styles tumid at the base ; subsequently elongated, widely spreading. Fl. recept. annular, thin, wavy, permanent. Fl. separated, irreg. 165. CNlDIUM. Fr. ovate, acute, with equidist. very sharp ribs ; interst. deep, concave ; juncture contracted. Cal. 0. Pet. equal, obov. or inversely heart-shaped. Styles hemispherical at the base ; subsequently elon., cylindr., spreading. Fl. recept. annular, thin, undulated, erect ; afterwards depressed. Fl. imperfectly separ. nearly reg. 166. BUPLEuRUM. Fr. ovate-obl. obtuse, with acute, prominent, abrupt ribs ; interst. flat ; juncture contracted. Cal. 0. Pet. equal, involute, very short, broadly wedge-sh. Styles short, not extending beyond the edge of their broad, tumid bases. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. all perfect and reg. 167. HYDROC6TYLE. Fr. nearly orbic. rather broader than long, angular, much compressed ; juncture very narrow. Cal. 0. Pet. equal, ovate, undivided, spreading. Styles cylindr. shorter than the stamens ; tumid at the base. Fl. recept 0. Fl. all perfect, reg. F. Fruit solid, unarmed, compressed transversely ; the juncture being broader than the transverse diameter. 150. iETHuSA. Seeds ovate, convex, with 5 tumid, rounded, acutely Old. 2.] PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 43 keeled ribs ; interst. deep, acutangular ; border 0. CaL minute, pointed. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, very slightly irree-. Fl. recept. 0. FL all perf., scarcely radiant. 158. IMPERAToRIA. Seeds orbic. with a notch at each end, a little convex, with 3 prom, dorsal ribs ; border dilated, flat, even. CaL 0. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, scarcely irreg. Fl. recept. 0. Fl. all perfect, slightly radiant. 168. SELlNUM. Seeds ellipt. slightly convex, with 3 acute dorsal ribs ; border dilated, flat, even. Cul. minute, pointed, spread- ing. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, involute, equal. Fl. recept. obsol. Fl. reg. nearly all perfect. 159. ANGELICA. Seeds ellipt.-obl. convex with three dorsal wings; border narrow, flat, even. CaL 0. Pet. lanceol. flattish undiv. contracted at each end, equal. Fl. recept. thin, wavy, narrow, perm. Fl. all perf. reg. 160. LIGuSTICUM. Seeds obi. convex, with 3 dorsal and 2 mar- ginal equal wings. CaL small, pointed, erect ; broad at the base. Pet. ellipt., flattish, undiv., contracted at each end, equal. Fl. recept. 0. FL all perf. and reg. G. Fruit thin and almost flat, compressed transversely, without dorsal wings. 169. PEUCEDANUM. Seeds broadly ellipt. notched at each end, a little convex, with 3 slightly promin. ribs; interst. striated ; border narrow, flat, even, smooth, and entire. CaL pointed, ascending. Pet. all very nearly equal. Fl. recept. 0. FL reg. imperfectly separated. 170. PAST1NACA. Seeds ellipt.-obov. with a slight notch at the summit, very nearly flat, with 3 dorsal ribs, and 2 marg. ones ; border narrow, flat, thin, even, smooth and entire. CaL very minute, obsol. Pet. broadly lanceol. involute, equal. Fl. re- cept. broad, orbic, wavy, rather thin, concealing the calyx. FL reg. uniform, perfect. 171. HERACLEUM. Seeds inversely heart-shaped, with a notch at the summit, very nearly flat, with 3 slender dorsal ribs, 2 distant marginal ones, and 4 intermediate, depressed, coloured abrupt lines from the top; border narrow, slightly tumid, even and smooth, entire. CaL of 5 small, acute, evanescent teeth. Pet. obcordate, radiant. FL recept. wavy, crenate, obtuse. FL separated. 172. TORDYL1UM. Seeds orbic. nearly flat, roughish, without ribs; border tumid, wrinkled or crenate, naked or bristly. CaL of 5 awl-sh. unequal teeth. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, radiant, variously uneq. and irreg. FL recept. 0. Fl. sepa- rated. 44 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 5. Order III. TRIGYNIA. Styles 3. * Fl. superior. 173. VIBURNUM. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 1 seed. {Leaves simple). — N.O. CaprifoliacejE. 174. SAMBuCUS. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 3 seeds. {Leaves pinnated) N.O. CaprifoliacejE. ** FL inferior. 175. STAPHYLEA. Pet. 5. Caps. 2 or 3, inflated.— N.O. Ce- LASTRINEiE. 176. TaMARIX. Pet. 5. Caps, of three valves. Seeds numerous, feathered. — N.O. TamariscinejE. 177. CORRIGlOLA. Pet. 5. Seed 1, naked, triangular.— N.O. Paronychie^e. Chenopodium. Stellaria 2. Order IV. TETRAGYNIA. Styles 4. 178. PARNASSIA. Nect. fringed with bristles, bearing globes. Caps, of 4 valves. — N.O. Hypericine^:. Order V. PENTAGYNIA. Styles 5. 180. LlNUM. Pet. 5. Caps, of 10 cells N.O. Line;e. 181. SIBBALD1A. Pet. 5. Seeds 5, naked. Cat. in 10 segments. — N.O. Rosacea. 179. STATICE. Pet. 5. Seed 1, clothed with the base of the funnel-shaped calyx. — N.O. Plumbagine^e. Cerastium 3. Spergula. Order VI. HEXAGYNIA. Styles 6. 182. DRoSERA. Pet. 5. Caps, of 3 valves, with many seeds. — N.O. Droseraceje. Order VII. POLYGYNIA. Styles numerous. 183. MYOSuRUS. Pet. 5, with tubular, honey-bearing claws Seeds naked. Cal. spurred at the base — N.O. Ranunculace^e. Ranunculus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 87. MYOS6TIS. Scorpion-grass. * Roots perennial, or perhaps biennial. 1. U.palustris, 28. 1973. (Great Water S.) Clusters leafless. Calyx funnel-shaped, with short broad spreading teeth, and, as well as Ord. 1.] PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 45 the leaves, roughish with close bristles. Limb of the corolla spreading, longer than the tube. Watery pi. If.. 7, 8. Root creeping. Fl. of a fine shy blue. •I. M. repens, Suppl. 2703. (Creeping Water S.) Clusters leafy at the base. Calyx with straight appressed bristles, deeply 5- cleft ; when in fruit mostly connivent, shorter than the diver- gent pedicel. Limb of cor. flat, longer than the tube ; lobes somewhat emarginate. Pubescence of stem spreading. Boggy streamlets. 0. 5 — 9. Smaller than the preceding, in- creasing by creeping stolones. 2. M. ccespitosa, Suppl. 2661. (Tufted Water S.) Clusters leafy at the base. Calyx funnel-shaped, with broad spreading teeth, and besprinkled, like the leaves, with erect bristles. Limb of the corolla as long as the tube. Watery pi. If. . $ . 5, 6. Pale and weak. Rootjibr. Fl. smaller and paler. 3. M. sylvdtica, Suppl. 2630. (Wood S.) Calyx with spreading, uncinated bristles, deeply 5-cleft ; when in fruit ovate, closed, shorter than the divergent pedicel. Limb of the corolla flat, longer than the tube. Root-leaves on short dilated stalks. — 31. intermedia f E. Fl. Dry shady places, not common. 1{. ? 6, 7. Flowers brilliant blue, as large as in M. alpestris. 4. M. alpestris, M. rupicola, 36. 2559. (Rock S.) Leaves hairy ; radical ones shorter than their stalks. Clusters forked at the base, leafless. Calyx deeply five-cleft, with upright hairs ; the lowermost incurved. Breadalb. Mts.lf. 7,8. Rootfibr. tufted. Fl.blue, large and elegant. ** Roots annual. 5. M.arvensis, Suppl. 2629, not E. Fl. (Field S.) Calyx with spreading, uncinate bristles, half 5-cleft; when in fruit ovate, closed, shorter than the divergent pedicel. Limb of the corolla concave, equalling the tube. M. sylvatica, E. Fl. ? Banks and fields. 0. 6 — 8. Flowers small, pale. 6. M. collina, M. arvensis, 36. 2558. (Early Field S.) Calyx with spreading uncinate bristles ; when in fruit open, ventricose, as long as the divergent pedicel. Limb of the corolla concave, shorter than the tube. Primordial raceme usually with one distant flower at the base. Wall-tops and dry places, about Edinburgh, rare. 0. 4, 5. 7. M. versicolor, 36. 2558, t. 480. f. I. (Yellow and blue S.) Leaves hairy. Clusters on long, naked stalks. Calyx longer than the partial stalks ; hairs of its tube hooked. Fieldsand walls. ©.4—6. Rootfibr. L. narrow. Fl. yellow, thenblue. 88. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell. 1. L. officinale. 2. 134. (Common G.) Seeds even. Corolla not 46 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 5. much longer than the calyx. Leaves lanceolate, rather acute, with lateral transverse ribs. Grav. or chalky sit.lf. 5. Rough. Cor. buff-col. Seeds hard, polished. 2. L. arvense, 2. 123. (Corn G. Bastard Alkanet.) Seeds wrinkled. Corolla not much longer than the calyx. Leaves obtuse, without lateral ribs. Fields. Q.5,6. Boot imparting a red dye. Fl. white. Seeds pitted. 3. L. purpuro-cceruleum, 2. 117. (Purple G.) Seeds even. Corolla much longer than the calyx. Leaves lanceolate, acute, without lateral ribs. Barren stems prostrate. Chalky thickets, rare. If. 5. Stems 1—2/. barren ones taking root. Fl. viol. 4. L. marilimum, Pulmonaria marit. 6. 368. (Sea G.) Seeds keeled, even. Leaves ovate, glaucous, with callous points. Stems all procumbent. Northern sea-shores. If . 7. Widely spreading. Fl purplish blue. 89. ANCHuSA. Alkanet. 1 A. officinalis, 10. 662. (Common A.) Spikes terminal, imbricated, unilateral. Bracteas ovate, the length of the calyx. Leaves lanceolate. Rubbish, near the sea, very rare. If. 6, 7. Spikes in pairs. Fl viol. 2. A. semper vir ens, 1. 45. (Evergreen A.) Flower-stalks axillary, each bearing two dense spikes, with an intermediate flower, and two principal ovate bracteas. Leaves ovate. Waste gr. If . 5, 6. L. broad. Fl of a brilliant sky blue. 90. CYNOGLoSSUM. Hound's-tongue. 1. C. officinale, 13. 921. (Common H.) Stamens shorter than the corolla. Leaves broadly lanceolate, downy, sessile. Flowers without bracteas. Waste gr. $ . 6. Fetid, soft and downy. Cor. dull crims. L. dull gr. 2. C. sylvdticum, 23. 1642. (Green-leaved H.) Stamens shorter than the corolla. Leaves lanceolate, slightly spathulate ; the upper ones clasping the stem ; smooth and shining above, rough beneath. Flowers without bracteas. Hedges, rare. $.Q. Nearly inodorous. L. bright green. Fl blue. 91. PULMONARIA. Lungwort. 1. P. officinalis, 2. 118. (Officinal L.) Leaves ovate. Groves, rare. If . 5. Stem erect. L. speckled with white. Fl. blue. 2. P. angustifolia, 23. 1628. (Narrow-leaved L.) Leaves lanceolate. Woods in the South, rare. If . 5. L. seldom spotted, but longer, and tapering at each end. 92. Symphytum. Comfrey. 1. S. officinale, 16.817. (Common C.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, finely hairy. Old. 1.] PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 47 Watery pi. 7/. 5, 6. Bootblack. Stem Sf. Fl. whitish or purplish. 2. S. tuberosum, 21. 1502. (Tuberous C.) Leaves ovate, slightly decurreut, a little harsh ; upper ones opposite. Shady pi. in the N.7{. 7. #oo£ knobbed, ivhite. Stemlf. Fl. yellowish. 93. BORaGO. Borage. 1. B. officinalis, 1. 36. (Common B.) Limb of the corolla flat, much longer than the tube ; mouth with a double row of valves ; the innermost awl-shaped, bearing the stamens. Waste gr. and on rubbish. $ . 6, 7. Bristly. Cor. of a brill, blue. Valv. and anth. black. 94. ASPERuGO. Mad wort. 1. k. procumbensy 10. 661. (German M.) Calyx of the fruit flat. Waste gr. rare. 0 . 4, 5. L. crowded. Fl. small, blue, axillary. 95. LYCoPSIS. Bugloss. 1. L. arvensis, 14. 938. (Small B.) Leaves lanceolate, wavy, some- what toothed, very bristly. Flower- and fruit-stalks erect. Fields and banks. 0.6,7. Erect, bristly. Cor. bright blue. Tube and valves white. 96. ECHIUM. Viper's-bugloss. 1. E. vulgdre, 3. 181. (Common V.) Stem herbaceous, simple, warty andbristly. Stem-leaves lanceolate, bristly, single-ribbed. Spikes short, lateral, deflexed, hairy. Stamens longer than the corolla. Fields and walls. $ . 6, 7. Spikes of large, beautiful, blue (or wh.)fi. 2. E. violaceum, Fl. Br. (Violet-flowered B.) Stem herbaceous, dif- fuse, branched, hispid. Lower leaves ovate-oblong, petiolate ; upper ones oblong, cordate, and somewhat amplexicaul at the base. Spikes elongated. Stamens scarcely longer than the corolla. Sandy ground, Jersey. $ . 8. Spikes elongated. Flowers distant. 97. PRfMULA. Primrose, and Cowslip. 1 . P. vulgaris, 1.4. (Common P.) Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, wrinkled. Stalks single-flowered. Limb of the corolla flat. Groves and grassy pi. If . 4. L. soft. Fl. sulphur-col. numer. 2. P. eldtior, 8. 513. (Oxlip P.) Leaves toothed, wrinkled, con- tracted towards the middle. Stalk many-flowered. Limb of the corolla flat. Woods and thickets, less common. If. 4. Fl. in umbels, sulphur- col, outer ones drooping. 3. P. veris, 1. 5. (Common C.) Leaves toothed, wrinkled, contracted towards the middle. Stalk many-flowered. Limb of the corolla concave. Mead, and past.TJ.4,5. Fl.in umb. smaller, deep yell, with 5 or. spots. 4. F.fari?wsa, 1.6. (Bird's-eye P.) Leaves toothed, even, powdery 48 PENTANDRIA M0N0GYN1A. [CI. 5. beneath. Limb of the corolla flat ; mouth with a notched border. Stigma undivided. Mount, past, by rills. If. 6, 7. Fl. innmbels, rose-col small 5. P. Scotica, Suppl. 2608. (Scottish P.) Leaves finely toothed, even, powdery. Limb of the corolla flat ; mouih with a notched border. Stigma with five points. N. of Scot., exceedingly rare. If.. 7. Much smaller. Fl violet- purple, with a yellow eye. 98. CYCLAMEN. Cyclamen. 1. C. hederifolium, C. Europaeum, 8. 548. (Ivy-leaved C.) Leaves heart-shaped, angular, finely toothed ; their stalks and ribs roughish. Groves, rare. 1/. 4. No stem. Fl pendulous, white; mouth purple. 99. MENYANTHES. Buckbean. 1. M. trifoliata, 7. 495. (Common B.) Leaves ternate. Disk of the corolla densely shaggy. Watery pi. If. . 6, 7. FIJiesh-col in clusters or spikes. Anth. yell 2. M. nymphatoides, 4. 217. (Fringed B.) Leaves heart-shaped, wavy at the edges, floating. Corolla fringed. Ponds and rivers, rare. If. . 7, 8. Several/. Fl axillary, yell 100. HOTToNIA. Featherfoil. J. H. palustris, 6. 364. (Water F.) Stalks solitary, many-flowered, partial stalks whorled. Ponds. If. 6, 7. L.pinnatifid : segm. linear. Fl. pink, or rose-col 101. LYSIMACHIA. Loosestrife. * Stalks many-flowered. 1. L. vulgaris, 11. 761. (Great Yellow L.) Clusters panicled, ter- minal. Leaves ovate -lanceolate, acute. Shady watery pi. If. 7. About 3f. Fl. yellow, large. 2. L. tfiyrsijiOra, 3. 176. (Tufted L.) Clusters lateral, axillary, stalked Watery pi. in the N., rare. 2f. 7. H/. Fl yellow, small, in dense clusters. ** Stalks single-flowered. 3. L. nemorum, 8. 527. (Wood L.) Leaves ovate, acute. Flowers solitary. Stem procumbent. Stamens smooth. Shady pi. If. 5—9. Stem 1 — H/. red. Fl. yellow. Cat. awl-sh. 4. L. Nummularia, 8. 528. (Creeping L. Moneywort.) Leaves somewhat heart-shaped. Flowers solitary. Stem prostrate, creeping. Stamens glandular. Wet mead. If. . 6. 7. L. pale green. Fl lemon-col Cal ovate. 102. ANAGALL1S. Pimpernel. 1. A. arvensis, 8. 529. (Scarlet P., Poor Man's Weatherglass.) Or acuminate rather than cuspidate. Cornwall and Devon. — $. Less common. T? . Lindl. 133. CuSCUTA. Dodder. l.C. Europcea, 6. 378. (Greater D.) Flowers nearly sessile. Corolla without scales. Stigmas acute. Parasit. on thistles, nettles, &c. 0. 8, 9. Stem red, 3f. twining. Fl. in round heads. 2. C. Epithymum, C. Europsea, 1. 55. (Lesser D.) Flowers sessile, with a notched scale at the base of each stamen. Stigmas acute. Parasit. on shrubby plants. 2£ ? 8. Smaller, red. Stam. mostly 4. 134. SWeRTIA. Felwort. 1. S.perennis, 21. 1441. (Marsh F.J Flowers five-cleft. Radical leaves ovate Moist, alp. past, Wales. If. . 8. About 1 f. smooth, bitter. FL pur- plish. Ord. 2.] PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 59 135. GENTIANA. Gentian. 1. G. Pneumonanthe, I. 20. (Marsh G.) Corolla bell-shaped, five- cleft. Flowers stalked. Leaves linear. Moist turfy heaths, rare.*2£ . 8, 9. Stems a span high. Fl. large, deep blue. 2. G. acaulis, 23. 1594. (Dwarf G.) Flower solitary, five-cleft, bell- shaped. Stem quadrangular, about the length of the flower. South Wales ; not native. If . 5. Fl. large, blue, very beautiful. 3. G. verna, 7. 493. (Spring G.) Corolla five-cleft, salver-shaped ; crenate ; with a small appendage at the base of the segments. Leaves ovate, crowded. Barren mount. If . 4. Stem short, leafy, with 1 large vivid blue f I. 4. G. nivalis, 13. 896. (Alpine G.) Corolla five-cleft, funnel-shaped ; the intermediate segments notched. Angles of the calyx even, acute. Stem many-flowered. Lofty mount, in Scot, extremely rare. 0. 8. Cor. slender ; tube greenish ; limb bright blue. 5. G. Amarella, 4. 236. (Autumnal G.) Corolla five-cleft, salver- shaped ; bearded in the throat. Segments of the calyx nearly equal. Stem branched, flowering in every part. Chalky past. 0. 8. Stem panicled, with many leafy br. Fl. violet. 6. G. campestris, 4. 237. (Field G.) Corolla four-cleft, salver- shaped ; bearded in the throat. Two outer segments of the calyx ovate, very large. Gravelly past. 0. 9. Paler, and of more humble growth. Fl. pale violet. [Hence to the end of Pentandria Digynia follows the entirely natural Order of Umbelliferous Plants. They are generally herbaceous, with leaves, for the most part, repeatedly compound. Fl. white, reddish, or yellow. On dry situations they are aromatic and wholesome ; but the aquatic kinds are virulent and dangerous.] 136. ERyNGIUM. Eryngo. 1. E. maritimum, 10. 718. (Sea E.) Radical leaves roundish, plaited, spinous. Heads stalked. Scales of the receptacle 3-cleft. Sandy sea-shores. If . 7, 8. Glaucous, rigid. Pet. bright blue. 2. E. campestre, 1. 57. (Field E.) Leaves clasping the stem ; ra- dical ones twice or thrice pinnatifid. Scales of the receptacle undivided. Past, near the sea; indigenous? If. 7,8. Green. Pet. white or purplish, narrow, inflexed. 137. SANlCULA. Sanicle. 1. S.Europcea, 2.98. (Wood S.) Radical leaves simple, deeply lobed. Flowers all nearly sessile. Woods. If. 5. Lobes 3-cleft, shining. Urnb. capitate. Pet. whitish. 60 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 5. 138. ECHINoPHORA. Prickly-Samphire. 1. E. spinosa, 34. 2413. (Sea P.-S.) Leaves with spinous, awl-shaped, entire segments. Sandy coasts, rare, not now to be found. 2/ . 7. Copiously branched. L. doubly pinnatifid. Fl. ivhite. J 39. DiUCUS. Carrot. 1. D. Carota, 17. 1174. (Wild C.) Seeds with slender bristles. Leaf- lets pinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate acute segments. Umbels concave when in seed. Borders of fields. $.6,1. L.bipinn. Fl. ivhite; central one red. 2. D. maritimus, 36. 2560. (Sea C.) Seeds with bristles flattened at the base. Leaflets dilated, fleshy, pinnatifid, with rounded seg- ments. Umbels convex when in seed. South coast. $ . 7, 8. FL all of one colour, reddish. 140. CAUCALIS. Bur-parsley. 1. C. daucoides, 3. 197. (Small B.) Umbels three-cleft, naked ; par- tial ones with three bracteas, and ripening about three fruits. Leaves repeatedly subdivided. Chalky fields. 0 . 6. Bushy. L. with smooth narrow segments. 2. C. latifolia, 3. 198. (Great B.) Umbels three-cleft, with membra- nous bracteas ; partial ones ripening about five fruits. Leaves pinnate, serrated. Chalky fields, rare. 0 . 7. Stem 3 /! with minute prickles. L. rough. 141. TORlLIS. Hedge-parsley. 1. T. Anthriscus, Caucalis Anthr. 14. 987. (Upright H.) Umbels of many close rays, with numerous general bracteas. Leaflets pinnatifid. Branches nearly upright. Hedges and fields. 0 . 7. Fl. white or flesh-col. Fr. purplish at the summit. 2. T. infesta, C. inf. 19. 1314. (Spreading H.) Umbels of many close rays, with scarcely any general bracteas. Leaflets pinna- tifid. Branches spreading. Fields and hedges. 0.7. Fl. white or yellowish. Fr. large. Stem 6—8 in. 3. T. nodosa, C. nod. 3. 199. (Knotted H.) Umbels lateral, simple, nearly sessile. Stem prostrate. Fruit partly granulated. Gravelly soil. Q.5,6. Fl. mostly white. Leaves glaucous-green. 142. ANTHRISCUS. Beaked-parsley. 1. A. vulgaris, Scandix Anthr. 12. S18. (Common B.) Fruit ovate, twice the length of its beak. Leaves triply pinnate, pinnatifid. Waste gr. 0 .6. Stem smooth, tumid wider each joint. L. deep green. 143. SCANDIX. Shepherd's-needle. 1. S. Pecten- Veneris, 20. 1397. (Common Sh. Venus'sComb.) Fruit Ord. 2.] PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 61 nearly smooth, with a bristly-edged beak. Umbels simple ; soli- tary, or in pairs. Braeteas jajrjred. Petals inflexed at the point. Fields. 0 . 6, 7. L. triply pinnatifid, smoothish. Umb. with 2 or 3 rays. 144. CH.EROPHYLLUM. Chervil. 1. Ch. sativum, Scandix Cerefolium, 18. 1268. (Garden Ch.) Um- bels lateral, sessile. Braeteas lanceolate. Waste gr. and rubb. ©. 6. Deep green, aromat. L. bipinn. Fl. small, white. 2. Ch. sfivestre, 11.752. (Wild Ch.) Umbels terminal, stalked. Braeteas ovate, membranous. Hedges. If. 4, 5. Leaves triply pinnatifid, jagged. Fl. white, radiant. 145. MyRRHIS. Cicely. 1. M. odordta, Scandix odor. 10. 697. (Sweet C.) Seeds with very sharp prominent angles, roughish towards the summit. Mount, past. If. 5. About 3f. L. 3-pinn. pale, hairy. Fl. white. 2. M. temulenta, Chaerophyllum tern. 22. 1521. (Rough C.) Seeds furrowed, nearly smooth. Stem rough, swelled under each joint. Bushy pi. $ . 6, 7. Leaves 2-pinn. pinnatif. hairy. Fl. white. 3. M. durea, Ch. aur. 30. 2103. (Tawny-seeded C.) Seeds ribbed, nearly smooth, coloured. Stem slightly swelling, angular, hairy. Leaflets sharply pinnatifid or cut, pointed. Fields in Scot. If. 6. General braeteas few ; partial dejiexed. 4. M. aromdtica, Ch. aromat. Suppl. 2636. (Broad-leaved C.) Seeds ribbed, smooth. Styles elongated. Leaflets ovate, acute, serrated, undivided. Road, near Arbroath. If .6. L. 2-ternate, smoothish. Gen. bract, few. 146. BtJNIUM. Earth-nut. 1. B.fiexuosum, 14. 988. (Common E.) General braeteas scarcely three. Stem tapering and zigzag at the base. Fruit somewhat beaked. Styles nearly upright. Gravelly soil. If. 5, 6. R. eatable, nearly globul. L. 3-pinn. linear. 147. SlUM. Water-parsnep. 1. S. latifolium, 3. 204. (Broad-leaved W.) Leaves pinnate ; leaf- lets oblong lanceolate, equally serrated. Riv. and ditches. If. 7, 8. 3 — § f Umb. large, flattish, white. 2. S. angustifolium, 2. 139. (Narrow-leaved W.) Leaves pinnate ; leaflets unequally lobed and serrated. Umbels stalked, opposite to the leaves. Stem erect. Rivul. and ditches. If. 7, 8. Smaller, and more slender. Pet. white. 3. S. ?iodifioru?n, 9.639. (Procumbent W.) Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, equally serrated. Umbels nearly sessile, opposite to the leaves. Stem procumbent. Riv. & fens. If. 7, 8. Smaller. Invol. often want., of I leaf, if present. 4. S. repens, 20. 1431. (Creeping W.) Leaves pinnate; leaflets 6*2 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 5. roundish, deeply toothed. Umbels stalked, opposite to the leaves. Stem creeping. Watery pl.2£.G — 8. Still smaller. Gen. Sfpart. bract, of many leaves. 5. S. inundation, Sison inund. 4. 227. (Least W.) Leaves pinnate, cut; the lowermost in many compound capillary segments. Umbels five-flowered, in pairs. Pools and ditches. If ? 5. Procumbent or floating. 6. S. verticillatum, Sison vert., 6. 395. (Whorled W.) Leaflets in numerous, linear, almost capillary, whorled segments. Salt marshes, in the N. and W. If. 7, 8. M. fleshy, spindle- shaped. Stems erect, 1 — H/! 148. SfSON. Honewort. 1. S. Amomum, 14. 954. (Hedge H.) Leaves pinnate ; the upper ones ternate. Umbels erect, with about four general rays. Styles globose at the base. Moist marly soil. 0. 8. Stem Sf. branched. Leafl. ovate, cut. 2. S. segetum, 4. 228. (Corn H.) Leaves pinnate ; leaflets round- ish-ovate, numerous. Umbels drooping, irregularly aggregate. Styles dilated and depressed at the base. Chalky fields. ©. 8. Stern 12—18 in. rushy. Leaflets serrated. 149. CICuTA. Cowbane. 1. C. virosa, 7. 479. (Water C. Water Hemlock.) Leaves twice ternate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, decurrent. Rivers and ditches. If . 8. Ranches nearly erect. Leaves serrated. 150. JETHuSA. Fool's-parsley. 1. JE. Cynapium, 17. 1192. (Common F.) Leaves uniform ; leaflets wedge-shaped, decurrent, with lanceolate segments. Cult, fields. 0. 7, 8. Leaves green, bipinnate, smooth. 151. CONlUM. Hemlock. 1. C. maculatum, 17. 1191. (Common H.) Stem polished and spot- ted, much branched. Hedges and waste gr. $ . 6, 7. 3—5/. L. repeatedly comp. shining. Fl. white. 152. CORIANDRUM. Coriander. 1. C. sativum, 1. 67. (Common C.) Fruit globular ; each seed being hemispherical. Leaflets of the lower leaves wedge-shaped. Fields and dunghills ; not wild. 0 . 6. Lower leaves pinn. ; upper 3-tern. linear. 153. (ENANTHE. Water-dropwort. 1. (E.flstulosa, 6. 363. (Common W.) Root sending forth runners. Stem-leaves pinnate, cylindrical, tubular. General bracteas mostly wanting. Old. 2.] PENTANDItIA DIGYNIA. 63 Fens and ditches. If. 7, 8. R. tuberous. Lower umb. of 3 gen. rays. 2. CE. pimpineltoides, 5. 347. (Parsley W.) Radical leaflets wedge- shaped, cloven ; the rest entire, flat, linear, elongated. General bracteas linear, numerous. Salt marshes. If. 7. Tubercles of the root tapering. Umb. of many rays. 3. CE. peucedanifolia, 5. 348. (Sulphur-wort W.) Leaflets all linear. General bracteas none. Knobs of the root sessile, elliptical. Ditches and bogs, rare. If. 6. Stem thick and Jinn. Cat. erect. Fruit large. 4. CE. croedta, 33. 2313. (Hemlock W.) Leaflets all wedge-shaped, many-cleft, nearly uniform. Fruit linear-oblong, with slender intermediate ribs. Watery pi. If. 7. Juice fetid, orange-col. Ccd. generally incurv. 5. CE. Phellandrium, Phell. aquat. 10. 684. (Fine-leaved W.) Leaf- lets all uniform, with narrow, wedge-shaped, cut, spreading segments. Fruit ovate, with five broad ribs, and narrow inter- mediate furrows. Riv. and pools. $ . 6, 7. Stem bushy, stout, and hollow. 154. CRlTHMUM. Samphire. 1. C. maritimum, 12. 819. (Sea S.) Leaflets lanceolate, fleshy. Bracteas ovate. Mark, cliffs. 11. 8. R. branched, creeping. L. 3-tem. Fl. yellowish. 155. SMYRNIUM. Alexanders. 1. S. Olusdtrum, 4. 230. (Common A.) Stem-leaves ternate, stalked, serrated. Waste gr. and near the sea. $.5. Smooth and shining. Fl. green. Fr. black. 156. 1PIUM. Parsley. 1. A. graveolens, 17. 1210. (Smallage P. Wild Celery.) Stem-leaf- lets wedge-shaped. Stem furrowed. Partial bracteas none. Pools and ditches. $ . 7, 8. Shining, bright green, acrid. Umb. nearly sessile. *2. A. Petroselinum, Petroselinum sativum, Suppl. 2793. (Com- mon Parsley.) Leaves decompound, shining ; lower leaflets ovate-cuneate ; upper ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire. Partial bracteas filiform. Old walls, in the South ; naturalized. $ . 6, 7. 157- iEGOPoDIUM. Gout-weed. 1. M. Podagrdria, 14. 940. (Common G.) Cult. gr. and moist shady pi. If . 5, 6. R. creeping. Leaf,, ovate. 158. IMPERAToRIA. Masterwort. 1. I. OstrCithium, 20. 1380. (Great M.) Leaves twice ternate, undi- vided, or three-lobed, rough-edged. Flower-stalks alternate. 64 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. [CI. 5. Moist mead. Scotl., naturalized. If. 6. R fleshy, creep, aromat. Fl. regular, pale. 159. ANGELICA. Angelica. 1. A. Arch-angelica, 36. 2561. (Garden A.) Terminal leaflet lobed. Watery pi. rare. $ . 6 — 9. of. Bright green, aromat. Fl. green. 2. A. sylvestris, 16. 1128. (Wild A.) Leaflets equal, ovate, serrated. Watery pi. If. 7. St. polished, purp. L. rather glauc. FL flesh-col. 160. LIGuSTICUM. Lovage. 1. L. scoticum, 17. 1207. (Scottish L.) Leaves twice ternate. Sea-coast of Scot. If. 7. Leafl. rhomb, broad. Anth. red. Fr. ribs membr. 2. L. cornubiense, 10. 683. (Cornish L.) Radical leaves twice or thrice pinnate, rough-edged, cut. Stem-leaves ternate, lance- olate, entire. Bushy pi. in Cornw. If.. 7. Leafl. wedge-sh. narrow. Fl. white. Fr.-ribs bluntish. (Physosperm. cornub. Br. Fr.) 161. MeUM. Spignel, or Fennel. 1. M. athamanticum, 32. 2249. (Spignel, or Meu.) Leaflets all in numerous, deep, bristle-like segments. Bracteas both general and partial. Mount, past, in the N. 1/. 5. R. aromat. fibrous at top. Fl. yel- lowish-white. 2. M. Fcemculum, Anethum Foenic. 17. 1208. (Common F.) Leaves triply pinnate ; leaflets awl-shaped, drooping. Bracteas none. Chalky cliffs and road-sides. $ . 7, 8. Fl. of a golden yellow. 162. CARUM. Caraway. 1. C. Cdrui, 21. 1503. (Common C.) Stem branched. Partial brac- teas none. Mead, and past. $ . 6, Lower leafl. decussate. Fl. white. 163. ATHAMANTA. Stone-parsley. 1. A. Libanotis, 2. 188. (Mountain S.) Leaves doubly pinnate, cut. Umbels hemispherical Chalky past. rare. If. 8. Stem 2 f. furrowed. Fl. white; Styles viol. 161. PIMPINeLLA. Burnet-saxifrage. 1. P. saxifraga, 6. 407. (Common B.) Leaves pinnate ; radical leaf- lets roundish ; uppermost linear. Dry chalky past. If. 7, 8. R. aromat. pung. Leafl. ofvar. shapes. 2. P. magna, 6. 408. (Greater B.) Leaves pinnate; leaflets all ovate, serrated, somewhat cut ; the terminal one three-lobed. Shady pi. on a chalky soil. If. 7, 8. Larger. Leafl. uniform. 3. P. dio'ica, 17. 1209. (Dwarf B.) Leaflets all nearly linear. Umbels panicled. Flowers dioecious. Limestone rocks, rare, y.,5,6. Glauc. even, about a s])an high. Ord. 2.] PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. C5 165. CNl'DIUM. Pepper-saxifrage. 1. Cn. Silaus, Peucedanum Silaus, 30.2142. (Meadow P.) Leaflets deeply pinnatifid ; their segments opposite, decurrent. General bracteas one or two. Moist mead, and past. If.. 7, 8. L. dark green, var. in shape. Fl. yellowish. 166. BUPLEuRUM. Hare's-ear. 1. B. rotundifulium, 2. 99. (Common H.) General bracteas want- ing. Leaves perfoliate. Chalky fields. 0. 7. Rigid, 18 in. L. ovate. Pet. yellow, short, 2. B. Odontites, 35. 2168. (Narrow-leaved H.) Partial bracteas five, ovate, acute, three-ribbed ; general ones three or four. Branches widely spreading. Umbels all stalked. Rocks in Devonsh.0. 7. Rigid. L lanceol. Fl. reddish cream-col. 3. B. tenuissimum, 7. 478. (Slender H.) Umbels simple, alternate, of about three flowers. Bracteas five, awl-shaped. Muddy salt-marshes, rare. 0. 7, 8. Stem 3 — 12 in. wiry. L. lanceol. Fl. yellowish. 4. B. falcatum, Suppl. 2763. (Falcate-leaved H.) Lower leaves obovate, stalked ; upper linear-lanceolate, sessile. Partial in- volucre of 5 lanceolate leaves, as long as the flowers ; general 1 — 5 leaved. Stem panicled, leafy. Heath, Norton, Essex ; naturalized V If. 8. Stems 1 — 4 f. high. Umbels of 8 — 9 slender rays. 167. HYDROCoTYLE. White-rot. ]. H. vulgaris, 11. 751. (Common W.) Leaves orbicular, peltate, smooth ; cloven at the base. Umbels somewhat aggregate. Flowers nearly sessile. Watery pi. If-. 5, 6. Stem creeping. 2—3/. L. opposite. Fl.-stallis axill. 168. SELlNUM. Milk-parsley. 1. S. palustre, 4. 229. (Marsh M.) Milky. Root generally single. Leaves triply pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, with elliptic-lanceo- late segments. Ribs of the seeds broad and obtuse. Marshes. If. ? 7. Stem 4 f. furrowed. Rays of the umb. rough. Fl. white. 169. PEUCEDANUM. Sulphur-wort. 1. P. officinale, 25. 1767- (Sea S.) Leaves five times deeply three- cleft ; leaflets linear, undivided, flat. Bracteas linear, almost capillary. Salt marshes, rare. y. . 6, 7. 3 — 4/. with a resinous juice. L. very narrow. Fl. buffi-yellow. 170. PASTINACA. Parsnep. 1. P. sativa, 8. 556. (Wild P.) Leaves simply pinnate ; downy be- neath. 66 PENTANDR1A TRIGYNIA. [CI. 5. Chalky hillocks. $ . 7. B. spindle-sh. Stem Sf. Fl. yellow. Fr. large, 171. HERiCLEUM. Cow-parsnep. 1. H. Sphondylium, 14. 939. (Common C. Hog-weed.) Leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, cut and serrated. Hedges and bord. of fields. $ . 7. 4f. Fl. large, white, radiant. H. angustifoliurn, ofFl. Brit. 307, is a variety of this, and not the Linncean H. angust. 172. TORDfLIUM. Hart-wort. 1. T. officinale, 84. 2440. (Small H.) Partial bracteas about as long as the flowers. Leaflets ovate, cut, crenate. Radiant petals in pairs, with very unequal lobes. Fields, rare. 0.6, 7. FL reddish white ; exterior pet. very large. — Perhaps introduced by error. 2. T. maximum, 18. 1173. (Great H.) Leaflets lanceolate, deeply serrated, and notched. Flowers somewhat radiant ; the outer- most petal of two equal lobes. Stem rough, with close deflexed bristles. Fields, rare. 0 . 6, 7. Fl. white or reddish ; exter.pet. the largest PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 173. VIBURNUM. Guelder-rose. 1. V. Lantana, 5. 331. (Mealy G.) Leaves heart-shaped, serrated, veiny ; downy beneath. Hedges, on a chalky soil. T? . 5. Cymes white, downy. Berry black, mealy. 2. V. Opulus, 5. 332. (Common G.) Leaves lobed ; their stalks beset with glands. Moist shady pi. T2 . 6. Smooth. Fl. white. Berry red and juicy. 174. SAMBuCUS. Elder. 1. S. Ebulus, 7. 475. (Dwarf E.) Cymes of three main branches. Stipulas leafy. Stem herbaceous. Waste gr. 2£. 7. Stem Sf. simple. Fl. of a dull flesh-colour. 2. S. nigra, 7. 476. (Common E.) Cymes of five main branches. Stipulas obsolete. Leaflets ovate. Stem arboreous. Groves and hedges. T? . 6. A small tree. Fl. milk white. Ber. black. 175. STAPHYLeA. Bladder-nut. 1. S. pinndta, 22. 1560. (Common B.) Leaves pinnate. Styles and capsules but two. Hedges, rare. Tj .6. Clusters drooping, greenish white. L. smooth. Ol'd. 5.] PENTANDRIA PEXTAGYNIA. 67 176. TiMARIX. Tamarisk. 1. T. gallica, 19. 1318. (French T.) Stamens five. Clusters lateral, numerous. Leaves lanceolate, acute, spurred. Branches smooth. Rocks, on the south coast ; scarcely indigenous. T? . 7, Branches red, long and slender. L. small. Fl. reddish. 177. CORRIGlOLA. Strapwort. 1. C. littoralis, 10. 668. (Sand S.) Southern coast of Eng. 0. 7, 8. Prostr. glauc. Fl. small, white. PENTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 178. PARNASSIA. Grass of Parnassus. 1. P. palustris, 2. 82. (Common Grass of P.) Leaves heart-shaped. Bristles of each nectary numerous. Marshes. If. 9, 10. Stem a span high, \-Jl. Fl. snow white, elegant. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 179. STATICE. Thrift. 1. S. Armeria, 4. 226. (Common Th.) Stalk simple. Flowers ca- pitate. Awns of the calyx minute. Leaves linear. Sea shores and marine rocks. 2£ . 7, 8. Inner bract, several, filmy . Fl. rose-col. *1. S. plantaginea, (Plantain-leaved T.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, with 3 — 5 ribs. Stalk simple ; bearing a rounded head. Leaves of the involucre cuspidate. Awns of the calyx long. Jersey. If. 6, 7. Easily distinguished from S. Arm. by its strongly cuspidate involucre, broad leaves and long setaceous teeth to the col. Fl. pale purple. 2. S. Limonium, 2. 102. (Blue Th. Sea Lavander.) Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, stalked, mucronate, single-ribbed. Stalks angular, with a much branched spreading corymb at the top. Calyx with deep acute, plaited segments and intermediate teeth. Muddy sea-shores. If. 7, 8. Leaves leathery, glauc. Fl.fine blue. *2. S. spathuldta, S. binervosa, Suppl. 2663. (Upright-spiked T.) Leaves spathulate, with a short mucro, glaucous, 3-nerved. Stalks branched from below the middle. Panicle elongated. Branches distichous. Spikes erect. Calyx with blunt segments, without intermediate teeth. Sea-shores, y.. 8. Readily recognised from the preceding by the 3-jierved leaves and dense upright spikes. 3. S. reticulata, 5. 328. (Matted Th. or Sea Lav.) Stalks panicled, prostrate, zigzag, dotted ; lower branches barren. Leaves wedge-shaped, rather acute, but without points. 68 PENTANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. [CI. 5. Muddy sea-shores, E. coast. %. 7, 8. L. small. Fl. bluish ; stalks spreading. 180. LlNUM. Flax. [Herbaceous or shrubby. Leaves simple. Bark very tenacious] * Leaves alternate. 1. L. usitat'issimum, 19. 1357. (Common F.) Calyx-leaves ovate, acute, with three ribs. Petals crenate. Leaves lanceolate, al- ternate. Stem mostly solitary. Fields. 0. 7. Hoot small, fibr. Fl. blue. Caps, acuminate. 2. L. perenne, 1. 40. (Perennial F.) Calyx-leaves obovate, obtuse, obscurely five-ribbed, naked. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Stems numerous, ascending. Chalky hills,l£. 6,7. R. woody, branched at the top. Caps, bluntish. 3. L. angustifblium, 6. 381. (Narrow-leaved F.) Calyx-leaves elliptical, three-ribbed, naked, and, like the capsule, pointed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, three-ribbed. Stems numerous. Sandy or chalky past. %. 7. Like the last, but stem more erect. ** Leaves opposite. 4. L. catharticum, 6. 382. (Purging- F.) .Leaves opposite, obovate- lanceolate. Panicle forked, partly drooping. Petals acute. Dry past. 0 . 6 — 8. Slender. Fl. small, white. Cal. single-ribbed. 181. SIBBALDIA. Sibbaldia. 1. S. prociimbens, 13. 897. (Procumbent S.) Leaflets wedge-shaped, with three terminal teeth. Highl. mount. 1^.7. R. woody. Stem! — 3m. hairy. Pet. yell. small. PENTANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. 182. DRoSERA. Sun-dew. [Herbaceous, often stemless, clothed with glandular viscid hairs.] 1. D. rotundifolia, 13. 867. (Round-leaved S.) Leaves depressed, nearly orbicular, on hairy stalks. Flower-stalks from the root, racemose. Bogs. 1/. 7, 8. Hairs of the leaves red, infiexed. Fl. white. 2. D. longifolia, 13. 868. (Long-leaved S.) Leaves radical, spathu- late, very obtuse, erect, on long glabrous footstalks. Seeds with a compact, rough coat, not chaffy. Bogs. y. . 7, 8. Like the last, but rather larger. L. oblong. 3. D. dnglica, 13. 869. (Great S.) Leaves radical, linear-spathu- late, erect, on very long glabrous footstalks. Seeds with a loose chaffy coat. Marshes, rare. y. . 7, 8. Larger and quite distinct. Ord. J.] HEXANDRIA MONOGYNTA. 69 PENTANDR1A POLYGYNIA. 183. MYOSuRUS. Mouse-tail. 1. M. minimus, 7. 435. (Common M.) Gravelly fields. © . 5. Stem 0. L. narrow, tapering at the base. Fl. small, yellow. Class. VI. HEXANDRIA. Stamens 6, each S equal. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. * Fl. with both calyx and corolla. 201. FRANKeNIA. Cor. of 5 petals. Cal. of 1 leaf, inferior. Caps, of 1 cell, with many seeds. — N.O. Frankeniace^e. 200. BeRBERIS. Cor. of G petals. Cal. of 6 leaves, inferior. Berry with 2 seeds. — N.O. Berberide^e. 202. PePLIS. Cor. of 6 petals. Cal. with 6 deep segments, and 6 intermediate plaits. Caps, of 2 cells. — N.O. Lythrarie^e. Lythrum 2. ** Fl. superior, without a calyx. 185. LEUCoJUM. Cor. superior, of 6 equal petals, bell-shaped. Stam. simple, equal. — N.O. Amaryllide^e. 184. GALANTHUS. Cor. superior, of 6 petals, three innermost shortest, abrupt, notched. — N.O. Amaryllide^e. 186. NARCISSUS. Cor. superior, of G petals, attached to a bell- shaped nectary, which conceals the stamens. — N.O. Ama- RYLLIDE-iE. *** Fl. inferior, without a calyx. 196. CONVALLARIA. Cor. inferior, deciduous ; limb in 6 seg- ments. Berry of 3 cells. Stigma triangular. — N.O. Smi- lace£S. 192. HYAClNTHUS. Cor. inf. deciduous; limb in 6 segments; tube swelling. Stam. uniform. Caps, of 3 cells. Seeds globose. N.O. AsPHODELE.E. 195. ASPARAGUS. Cor. inf. in 6 deep segments, permanent. ^ Berry of 3 cells. Stigmas 3. — N.O. Asphodele^:. [87. ALLIUM. Cor. inf. of 6 ovate petals. Stamens awl-shaped, flattened. Stigm. acute. Seeds angular. — N.O. Asphodele^e. 193. ANTHERICUM. Cor. inf. of 6 elliptic-oblong petafc. Stam. thread-shaped. Stigma obtuse. Seeds angular.— N.O. As- PHODELEiE. 70 HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. [CI. 6. 194. NARTHeCIUM. Cor. inf. of 6 linear-lanceol. petals, spread- ing. Stam. woolly. Seeds tunicated, tapering at each end. — N,0. Junce^e. 190. ORNITHoGALUM. Cor. inf. of 6 lanceolate petals, partly spreading, permanent. Stam. dilated at the base. — N.O. AsPHODELE^E. 191. SClLLA. Cor. inf. of 6 ovate-oblong petals, spreading, de- ciduous. Stam. all thread-shaped. — N.O. Asphodelr^e. 188. FRITILLaRI A. Cor. inf. of 6 pet. each with a nectariferous cavity at the base withinside. — N.O. Liliace^. 189. TULfPA. Cor. inf. of 6 pet without nectaries. Style 0. Seeds flat. — N.O. Liliace^. 197 ACORUS. Cor. inf. of 6 petals, abrupt. Style 0. Seeds ovate- oblong. Spadix covered with numerous sessile flowers. — N.O. Aroide^;. **** Flowers without petals. 198. JuNCUS. Cal. of G leaves. Caps, of 3 cells and 3 valves. Seeds numerous, horizontal. — N.O. Junce^e. 199. LUClOLA. Cal. of 6 leaves. Caps, of 1 cell and 3 valves. Seeds 3, erect. — N.O. Junce^e. Peplis 1. Polygona. Order II. DIGYNIA. Styles 2. 203. OXyRIA. Cal. of 2 leaves. Pet. 2. Seed I, compressed, winged. — N.O. Polygone^. Order III. TRIGYNIA. Styles or Stigmas 3. 206. SCHEUCHZeRIA. Cal. 0. Pet. 6. Caps. 3, inflated. Seeds solitary. — N.O. Juncagineje. 208. C6LCHICUM. Cal. 0. Cor. of 1 pet. tubular. Caps. 3, inflated. Seeds numerous. — N.O. Melanthace^e. 207. TRlGLOCHIN. Cal. of 3 leaves. Pet. 3. Ops. opening at the base with three valves. — N.O. Juncagine^e. 204. RuMEX. Cal. of 3 leaves. Pet. 3. Seedl, naked, triangular. — N.O. PoLYGONE^E. 205. TOFlELDIA. Cal. 3-cleft. Pet. 6. Caps. 3, with many seeds. N.O. MELANTHACEiE. Elatine. Order IV. POLYGYNIA. Styles numerous. 209. ALlSMA. Cal of 3 leaves. Pet: 3. Caps. 6 or more, ag- gregate. Seeds 1 or 2. — N.O. Alismaceje. Ord. 1.] HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 71 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 184. GALaNTHUS. Snow-drop. 1. G. nivalis. 1. 19. (Common S.) Orchards, meadows, &c, scarcely indigenous, y. . 2. L. glauc. in pairs. Interior pet. green at the top. 185. LEUC6JUM. Snow-flake. 1. L. astivum, 9. G21. (Summer S.) Flowers several. Style club- shaped. Moist mead, not wild. 14 . 5. L. numer. Pet. uniform; tipped with green. 186. NARCISSUS. Narcissus, or Daffodil. 1. N. poeticus, 4. 275. (Poet's N.) Flowers mostly solitary. Cup of the nectary very short, depressed ; membranous and crenate at the margin. Leaves bluntly keeled ; their edges reflexed. Sandy plains, introduced. If. 5. Pet. pure white. Nect. with a crimson margin. 2. N. biflorus, 4. 270. (Pale N.) Flowers in pairs. Cup of the nectary very short, depressed ; membranous and crenate at the margin. Leaves acutely keeled ; their edges inflexed. Sandy soil, not wild. y. . 4, 5. Pet. pale sulphur yell. Nect. with a white border. 3. N. Pseudo-Narcissus, 1. 17. (Common Daff.) Flowers solitary. Cup of the nectary bell-shaped, erect, crisped, with six marginal segments ; its length equal to that of the ovate petals. Woods and thickets. If. . 3. Pet. lemon yell. Nect. large, deep yell. 187. ALLIUM. Garlick. * Stem leafy. Leaves flat. 1. A. Ampeloprdsum, 24. 1657, (Great round-headed G.) Umbel globose, without bulbs. Stem leafy below. Leaves flat. Three alternate stamens deeply three-cleft. Keel of the petals rough. Steep Holms in the Severn, imported. If . 7. L. 1 inch broad. Umb. large. 2. A. arenarium, 19. 1358. (Sand G.) Umbel globose, bearing bulbs. Stem leafy below. Leaves flat, with cylindrical sheaths. Bracteas obtuse. " Alternate stamens dilated, three-cleft. Keel of the petals roughish. Woody mount, in the N. %. 7. L. half as broad, rough-edged. Umb. small red. 3. A. carinatum,24r. 1658. (Mountain G.) Umbel lax, bearing bulbs. Leaves flat. Bracteas tapering, longer than the umbel. Stamens simple, awl-shaped. Mts. rare. If . 7. L. narr. Bract, long. Pet. with a smooth heel. ** Stem leafy. Leaves somewhat cylindrical. 4. A. oleraceum, 7. 488. (Streaked Field G.) Umbel lax, bearirg 72 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 6. bulbs. Leaves semicylindrical, tubular, rough ; channelled above, ribbed beneath. Bracteas pointed, longer than the umbel. Stamens simple, awl-shaped. Fields, rare. If. 1. Fl. reddish. Germ, rough at the top. 5. A. vinedle, 28. 1974. (Crow G.) Umbel spherical, bearing bulbs. Leaves cylindrical, smooth. Alternate stamens deeply 3-cleft. Waste ground and chalky fields. 2f . 7. L. long, tapering, hollow. Stam. longer than the pet., 3 of them with capill. later, segm. *** Stalk radical, naked. 6. A. ursinum, 2. 122. (Broad-leaved G.) Stalk semicylindrical, naked. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, stalked. Umbel level-topped. Stamens simple. Moist woods. If. 5,6. L. 1 or 2, flat, broad, ribbed. Fl. white. 7. A. Schamoprasum, 34. 2441. (Chive G.) Stalk naked, round, the height of the foliage. Leaves cylindrical, somewhat tapering. Stamens simple. Mead., scarce. 2f . 6. Fl. of a purplish rose-col. Stam. concealed. 188. FRITILLiRIA. Fritillary. 1. F. Meleagris, 9. 622. (Common F.) All the leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, pointed. Stem single-flowered. Nectary li- near. Points of the petals inflexed. Moist mead., chiefly in the S. %. 4. Stem 1 f. leafy. FL chequered, drooping. 189. TULlPA. Tulip. 1. T. sylvestris, 1.63. (Wild T.) Flower solitary, a little drooping. Leaves lanceolate. Stigma triangular, abrupt. Stamens hairy at the base. Chalk pits, rare. If. 4. Fl. sweet-scented, bright yellow. 190. ORNITH6GALUM. Star of Bethlehem. 1. 0. luteum, 1. 21. (Yellow Star of B.) Stem angular, with one leaf at the bottom, and one or two at the top. Flower-stalks umbel- late, simple, smooth. Groves, rare. If. 4. L. linear -lanceol. Fl. yellow; green on the bach. 2. O. pyrenaicum, 1. 499. (Tall Star of B.) Cluster very long. Fila- ments all dilated. Flower-stalks equal, spreading ; growing erect, and close-pressed, as the fruit ripens. Past. rare. If. 6, 7. Stalk 2 — 3/. Fl. greenish, spreading, numer. 3. O.umbellatum, 2. 130. (Common Star of B.) Flowers corymbose ; their partial stalks overtopping the main one. Filaments dilated, tapering, entire. Mead, and past. If. 4, 5. L. roundly charm. Fl. white; green outside. 4. O. nutans, 28. 1997. (Drooping Star of B.) Flowers pendulous, unilateral. Filaments dilated, cloven, converging ; three of them longer, their lobes nearly equal to the anther. Dry mead., naturalized. If. 5. About If. FL large, of a silv. glauc. white. Old. 1.] HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 73 191. SClLLA. Squill. 1. S. verna, 1. 23. (Vernal S.) Bulb coated. Corymb hemispherical, of few flowers. Bracteas lanceolate, obtuse. Leaves linear, channelled. Marit. cliffs. If. 4. L.very numer. Fl. deep blue, with blue anth. 2. S. bifolia, 1. 24. (Two-leaved S.) Bulb coated. Cluster slightly corymbose, without bracteas. Flowers nearly erect. Leaves lanceolate, generally two. Groves, W. of Eng. 2f . 34. Larger. Fl.pale blue, with brownish anthers. 3. S. autumnalis, 2. 78. (Autumnal S.) Leaves linear, numerous. Cluster slightly corymbose. Flower-stalks without bracteas, ascending, the length of the flowers. Dry past, in the S. 2f . 9. Stalk 3 in. L. chann. numer. Fl. rose-col. Stam. reddish ; pist. blue. 4. S. nutans, 6. 377. (Wild Hyacinth.) Leaves linear. Cluster droop- ing. Flowers pendulous, cylindrical-bell-shaped ; petals reflexed at the points. Bracteas in pairs. Groves and thickets, y. . 5. Stalk 1 f. Fl. blue, sweet-scented. 192. HYAClNTHUS. Hyacinth. 1. H. racemosus, 27. 1391. (Starch H.) Flowers ovate, with six furrows ; the upper ones sessile, and abortive. Leaves linear, channelled, flaccid. Grassy fields, naturalized. If. 5. Fl.darkblue, smelling like wet starch. 193. ANTHERICUM. Spiderwort. 1. A. serotinum, 12. 793. (Mountain S.) Leaves semicylindrical ; those on the stem dilated at their base. Flower mostly solitary. Lofty Welsh mounts., rare. If. . 6. 4 in. Fl. erect, white, with red veins outside. 194. NARTHeCIUM. Bog-asphodel. 1. N. ossifragum, 8. 535. (Lancashire B.) Cluster uninterrupted. One bractea at the base, the other above the middle, of each partial stalk. Turfy bogs.lf. 7,8. L.sword-sh. Stemsimple. Fl. yell, with red anth. 195. ASPARAGUS. Asparagus. 1. A. officinalis, 5. 339. (Common A.) Stem herbaceous, round, erect, without prickles. Leaves bristle-shaped, flexible. Stipulas mostly solitary. Sea coast. If. 8. Stem much branched. Fl. whitish, droop, inodor. 196. CONVALLaRIA. Lily of the Valley, and Solomon's Seal. 1. C.majdlis, 15. 1035. (Lily of the V.) Flower-stalk radical, naked, semicylindrical. Cluster simple. Flowers drooping, cup-shaped, with rather distant segments. E 71 HEXANDRIA MONOGYN1A. [CI. 6. Groves. If. 5. L. in pairs, ellipt. Fl. white, sweet-scented. Berry scarlet. 2. C. vcrticilldta, 2. 128. (Narrow-leaved Solomon's Seal.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, whorled. Scot, woods, rare, If. 6. L. narrow. Fl.-stalks axill. branched. 3. C. Polygondtmn, 4. 280. (Angular Sol.) Leaves alternate, clasp- ing the angular stem. Stalks axillary, mostly single-flowered. Stamens smooth. Rocky thickets, rare. If. . 5, 6. L. ellipt. Fl. pendul. bearded, sweet-scented. 4. C. multiflora, 4. 279. (Common S.) Leaves alternate, clasping the round stem. Stalks axillary, many-flowered. Stamens downy. Thickets. If. . 5, 6. L. ellipt. Fl. smaller, scarcely bearded. 197. ACORUS. Sweet-Flag. ]. A. Calamus, 5.356. (Common Sweet-F.) Summit of the flower- stalk leafy, rising high above the spadix. Watery pi. If. 6. Aromatic. L. sword-shaped, 2 — 3/. Spadix lateral, green. 198. JuNCUS. Rush. * Leaves none. 1. J. acutus, 23. 1614. (Great Sharp Sea R.) Stem naked, sharp- pointed. Panicle aggregate, near the summit. Bractea spinous. Capsule twice as long as the calyx, roundish, with a blunt point. Sandy sea-shores. If. Stem 3 or 4f. stiff. Caps, ovate, pointed. 2. J. maritimus, 24. 1725. (Lesser Sharp Sea R.) Stem naked, sharp- pointed. Panicle proliferous, near the erect summit. Bractea spinous. Capsule oblong, the length of the calyx. Marshes near the sea. If . 8. Smaller and more slender. Caps, prismatic. 3. J.glducus, 10. 665. (Hard R.) Stem naked, straight, glaucous. Panicle upright, far below the summit. Capsule elliptical, pointed, rather shorter than the calyx. Moist past. If. 7. Slender, tough. Sheaths (or scales) at the base shining. 4. J. conglomerdtus, 12. 835. (Common R.) Stem naked, straight. Panicle dense, globular, far below the summit. Capsule abrupt. Stamens three. Moist sit. If. 7. Acute, but not pungent. Caps, ovate, strongly triang. 5. J. effusus, 12. 836. (Soft R.) Stem naked, straight. Panicle loose, repeatedly compound, very far below the summit. Capsule obtuse. Moist pi. If. 7. Soft and pliable. Pan. loose and spreading. 6. J . Jiliformis, 17. 1 175. (Least R.) Stem naked, thread-shaped, drooping. Panicle nearly simple, corymbose, of few flowers, very far below the summit. Bractea taper-pointed. Capsule almost globular. Ord. 1.] HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 75 Moist alpine past. If. 8. Stems very slender. Pan. of 5 — 8 pale green flowers. 7. J. bdlticus, Suppl. 2621. J. arcticus, Hook, and E. Fl. (Northern R.) Stem naked, not striated. Panicle lateral, compound, erect, lax. Calyx-leaves acute, nearly equal, as long as the elliptical and scarcely trigonal capsule. Root much creeping. Sandy sea-shores, N. of'Scotl. If. 7. Taller than J. arcticus and more rigid. Panicle larger and decidedly branched. Capsules rounded, not trigonous. ** Leafy. 8. J. tr'ifidusy 21. 1482. (Three-leaved R.) Stem naked. Radical leaves very few. Bracteas three, leafy, channelled, with from one to three terminal flowers. Alpine bogs in Scot. %. 7. Thread-sh. FL 1, 2, or 3, dark brown. 9. J. squarrosus, 13. 933. (Moss R.) Stem naked. Leaves num- erous, radical, channelled. Panicle terminal, compound, with cymose branches. Boggy heaths. If. 6, 7. L. radical, rigid. Cal. brown: edges white. 10. J. compressus, J. buibosus, 13. 934. (Round-fruited R.) Stem single, compressed ; leafy below. Leaves linear, incurved at the edges. Panicle cymose, terminal, shorter than the bractea. Capsule roundish-obovate, longer than the obtuse calyx. Moist past. If . 7. R. creep. Stem leafy at the root. Cal. obtuse. 11. J. ccenosus, Suppl. 2680. (Mud R.) Stem simple, leafy. Leaves linear, channelled. Panicle cymose, terminal, longer than the bractea. Capsule obovate, the length of the rather obtuse calyx. Salt marshes. If. 7. Stem more leafy. Cal. andcaps. dark brown. — A var. of J. compressus. 12. J. tenuis, J. Gesneri, E. Fl. J. gracilis, 31. 2174. (Slender spreading R.) Stem simple, naked. Leaves slightly chan- nelled. Panicle forked, racemose, shorter than the bractea. Calyx-leaves lanceolate, taper-pointed, three-ribbed, longer than the oval capsule. Scot, mount. If . 7. Stem slender, upright. Cal. 8f caps, pale brown. 13. J. bufonius, 12. 802. (Toad R.) Stem leafy. Leaves angular, channelled. Panicle forked, racemose, longer than the bracteas. Calyx-leaves lanceolate, taper-pointed, membranous, two-ribbed, longer than the oblong capsule. Moist sandy heaths, 0. 7,8. Stemsl — 12 in. many -fl. Caps. oblong. 14. J. uliginosus, 12. 801. (Little bulbous R.) Stem leafy, bulbous at the base. Leaves bristle-shaped, channelled. Heads lateral and terminal, about three-flowered. Capsule obtuse, rather longer than the calyx. Moist heaths. If. 6, 7. Stem reclining. Cal. 3-ribbed. Caps, pris- matic. 15. J. subverticillatus. (Whorl-headed R.) Stem leafy, trailing. Leaves bristle-shaped, channelled, very slightly jointed. Panicle 76 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CI. 6. forked. Heads lateral and terminal, about five-flowered, some- what whorled. Capsule obtuse, rather longer than the calyx. Watery pi. If . 7, 8. Root simple, fibr. Stems decumb. or floating, emitting roots. — A var. of the preceding. 16. J. capitdtus, Suppl. 2644. (Dense-headed R.) Stem erect, un- branched. Leaves bristle-shaped, channelled. Heads one or two, lateral and terminal. Stamens three. Calyx keeled, bristle- pointed, twice as long as the capsule. Jersey, rare. 0. 5 — 7. Stem 3 in. leafy at the base. Stigm. 3. 17. J. biglumis, 13. 898. (Two-flowered R.) Stem erect, simple ; leafy at the base. Leaves flat. Head solitary, of two unilateral flowers, surmounted by a leafy bractea. About mount, rills, rare. If. 8. 3 in. Fl. 2, one above the other. 18. J.triglumis, 13.899. (Three-flowered R.) Stem erect, simple ; leafy at the lower part. Leaves flat. Head solitary, terminal, of about three upright flowers, with elliptical bracteas. By alpine rivul. If. 7. Rather larger. Fl. 2 — 4, usually 3 ; all erect. 19. J. castdneus, 13. 900. (Clustered Alpine R.) Stem simple, leafy. Leaves keeled, flat, sheathing at the base. Heads terminal, mostly in pairs, many-flowered, with leafy bracteas. Breadalbane Mts. If. 7. If. shining. F I. dark brown. Cal. half the length of the caps. 20. J. acutiflarus, J. articulatus, 4. 238. (Sharp-flowered Jointed R.) Leaves apparently jointed, slightly compressed. Panicle re- peatedly compound, forked. Calyx-leaves ail bristle-pointed, shorter than the taper beak of the capsule. Wet woods. If. 6. L. hollow, with transverse partitions. Fl. small. 21. J. lampocdrpus, 30. 2143. (Shining-fruited Jointed R.) Leaves apparently jointed, compressed. Panicle erect, compound, forked. Capsule ovate, coloured, highly polished, longer than the calyx. /3. panicles less branched. Heads of more numerous flowers. J. polycephalus, Don. E. Fl. J. nigritellus, Suppl. 2643. Humid mead. If. 6, 7. Inner calyx-leaves bordered. Caps, large, varnished. 22. J. obtusiflorus, 30. 2144. (Blunt-flowered Jointed R.) Stem and leaves apparentlyjointed, cylindrical. Panicle repeatedly com- pound ; branches divaricated and reflexed. Calyx obtuse, as long as the capsule. Marshes. If. . 7, 8. Fl. smaller. Caps. obov. of a light, shining brown. 199. LUCfOLA. Wood-rush, 1. L. pilosa, Juncus pilosus, 11. 736. (Broad-leaved Hairy W.) Pa- nicle cymose, widely spreading, and reflexed. Flowers solitary. Capsule pointless. Crest of the seeds hooked. Groves and thickets. If . 3, 4. Stem 9 — 12 in. L. flat, fringed with white hairs. 2. L. Forsteri, J. Forsteri, 18. 1293. (Narrow-leaved Hairy W.) Panicle cymose, erect. Flowers solitary. Capsule pointed. Crest of the seeds straight and obtuse. Old. 1.] HEXANDIUA MONOGYNIA. 77 Groves. If. 5. L. much narrower. Pan. smaller. 3. L. sylvdtica, J. sy lvaticus, 11. 737. (Great W.) Panicle cymose, doubly compound. Flowers and bracteas aggregate. Capsule pointed. Crest of the seeds obsolete. Woods and bushy gr.lf. 5, 6. Ste?ns\2 — 18m. L.br. Caps, small. 4. L. campestris, J. camp. 10. 672. (Field W.) Panicle of three or four ovate, dense, partly stalked, clusters. Capsule obovate, ob- tuse, with a small point, shorter than the calyx. Seeds stalked, without a crest. Barren past. If. 4, 5. Scarcely a span high. L. flat, very hairy at the margin. 5. L. congesta, Suppl. 2718. (Many-headed Bog W.) Panicle of numerous, dense, roundish-ovate, partly stalked, clusters. Cap- sule obovate, obtuse, with a small point, as long as the calyx. Seeds stalked, without a crest. Turfy marshes. If. 6. Stem 18 w. L s narrow, fiat ; edges rough, hairy. A var. ofh. campestris. 6. L. spiedta, J. spic" 17. 1176. (Spiked W.) Panicle dense, com- pound, oblong, lobed, drooping. Capsule elliptical, with a small point. Crest of the seeds obsolete. Stem-leaves channelled. Lofty mount. If. 7, 8. Stem slender, 4 in. Pan. lobed, rnany-fi. 7. L. arcudta, Suppl. 2688. (Curved Mountain W.) Panicle some- what umbellate, partly compound, with drooping branches. Heads globose, of few flowers. Bracteas membranous, fringed. Capsule elliptical. Leaves channelled. Barren Northern Scott, mount. If , 7. Stem 4 in. with 1 or 2 leaves. Fl. about 3 together, in small round heads, collected into a terminal panicle. 200. BeRBERIS. Barberry. 1. B. vulgaris, 1. 49. (Common B.) Thorns 3-cleft. Clusters pendulous. Leaves obovate-oblong, with bristly serratures. Petals entire. Hedges and chalky hills. Tj . 5, 6. L. ovate, in tufts. Fl. bright yell. 201. FRANKeNIA. Sea-heath. 1. F. lavis, 3. 205. (Smooth S.) Leaves linear, revolute, crowded ; fringed at the base. Flowers solitary. Muddy salt-marshes. If. 7- Stems prostrate, forked. L. glauc. Fl. flesh-col. 2. F. pulverulenta, 31. 2222. (Powdery S.) Leaves obovate, abrupt; downy, and somewhat powdery beneath. Coast of Suss. rare. 0.7. Prostr. Cal.prismat. Fl. pale-red. 202. PEPLIS. Purslane. 1. P. Portula, 17. 1211. (Water P.) Petals wanting, or scarcely visible. Leaves opposite, obovate, stalked. In marshes. ©.7, 8. Prostr. rooting. L.oppos. Fl. small, reddish. 78 HEXANDRIA TRIGYN1A. [CI. 6. HEXANDRIA DIGYN1A. 203. OXYRIA. Mountain-sorrel. I. O. reniformis, Rumex digynus, 13. 910. (.Kidney-shaped M.) Near mountain rills. If. 6. Stem erect, 8 in. L. kidney -shaped, abrupt. HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 204. RuMEX. Dock, and Sorrel. * Flowers all perfect. 1. R. sanguineus, 22. 1533. (Bloody- veined D.) Petals permanent, entire, oblong ; one of them at least bearing a tubercle. Leaves lanceolate ; somewhat heart-shaped. Shady pi. and waste gr. 2£. 7. Tubercle red. Ribs of the leaves reddish ; in £. green. *1. R. pratensis, Suppl. 2757. (Meadow D.) Petals permanent, unequal, toothed at the base, with an entire triangular point ; one principally with a tubercle. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, wavy. Clusters nearly leafless. Whorls distinct. Marshes about the Thames and in Suss. If. 6, 7. Allied to the following, Clusters less crowded; enlarged valves of cor. un- equal and more toothed ; leaves broader and less curled. 2. R. crispus. 28. 1998. (Curled D.) Petals permanent, ovate, en- tire ; each bearing a tubercle. Leaves lanceolate, wavy, acute. Past, and waste gr. If. 6, 7. Clust. of drooping pale green flowers. *2. R. aqudticus, Suppl. 2698. (Grainless Water D.) Petals per- manent, broadly cordate, reticulated, without tubercles. Leaves lanceolate ; the lower ones cordate-oblong, crisped and wraved. Whorls crowded, mostly leafless. Moist places near Ayr. If. 7. Enlarged petals quite destitute of tubercles. Lower leaves a foot long. 3. R. acutus, II. 724. (Sharp D.) Petals permanent, oblong, ob- scurely toothed ; each bearing a tubercle. Leaves oblong-heart- shaped, pointed. Clusters leafy. Waste watery pi. If . 7. Clust. spreading, elongated. Seed small. *3. R. alpinus, Suppl. 2694. (Alpine D. or Monk's Rhubarb.) Petals permanent, cordate, reticulated, obscurely toothed at the margin ; one bearing a small grain. Leaves broadly heart- shaped, ample. Whorls leafless, crowded. River banks and road-sides, Scotl , indigenous ? If. 7. L. a span broad, heart-shaped, very obtuse, wrinkled and strongly veined. 4. R. obtusifolius, 28. 1999. (Broad-leaved D.) Petals permanent, toothed ; one principally bearing a tubercle. Radical leaves heart-shaped, obtuse. Stem roughish. Waste gr. If. . 7, 8. Clust. scarcely leafy. Teeth of the pet. aicl-sh. Ord. 3.] HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 79 5. R. pulcher, 22. 1576. (Fiddle Dj Petals permanent, toothed ; one principally bearing a tubercle. Radical leaves fiddle-shaped. Stem smooth, straggling-. Gravelly past. %. 8. Stem often procumbent. Clust. leafy. C. R. maritimus, 11. 725. (Golden D.) Petals permanent, triangular, tuberculated, fringed with taper teeth. Leaves linear. Whorls crowded. Marshes near the sea. If.. 7, 8. Clust. uninterrupted, of a golden hue. L. narrow. 7. R. palustris, 27. 1932. (Yellow Marsh D.) Petals permanent, lanceolate, tuberculated, toothed at the base. Leaves linear- lanceolate. Whorls distinct. Ditches. %. 7, 8. Clust. interrupt, tawny. Bad. leaves very large. 8. R. Hydroldpathum, R. aquaticus, 20. 2104. (Great Water D.) Petals permanent, ovate-oblong, nearly entire, unequally tuber- culated. Leaves lanceolate ; acute at each end. Whorls rather crowded, almost entirely leafless. Ditches& riv. 1£. 7,8. About5f L. slightly glauc. lower ones 1 — 2/! ** Flowers separated. 9. R. Acetosa, 2. 127. (Common Sorrel.) Flowers dioecious. Leaves oblong, arrow-shaped. Permanent petals tuberculated. Mead, and past. 1£. 6. Stem 1—2/ erect. Pan. branched, reddish. 10. R. Acetosella, 24. 1674. (Sheep's S.) Flowers dioecious. Leaves lanceolate, hastate. Permanent petals without tubercles. Dry gravelly fields. If. . 6, 7. Not half the size of the last, slender. 205. TOFlELDIA. Scottish Asphodel. I. T. palustris, 8.536. (Marsh Scottish A.) Flowers in an ovate head. Stem smooth, thread-shaped, leafless. Petals obovate, obtuse. Germens roundish. Mountain rills. !(■ • 8. Stem solit. 4 — 5 in. L. sword-sh. Fl. small. 206. SCHEUCHZERIA. Scheuchzeria. 1. S. palustris, 26. 1801. (Marsh Scheuchzeria.) Spongy bogs, very rare. 2£.6. Root creeping. Stem a span high . 207. TRlGLOCHIN. Arrow-grass. 1. T. palustre, 6. 366. (Marsh A.) Capsule nearly linear, of three cells ; tapering at the base. Root fibrous. Watery pi. ^. 7. L. linear, channelled. Stalk \f simple, naked. 2. T. marttimum, 4. 255. (Sea A.) Capsule ovate, of six cells. Muddy salt-marshes. 2£. 5 — 8. Leaves broader and more fleshy . 208. CoLCHICUM. Meadow-saffron. 1. C. autumnalc, 2. 133. (Common M.) Leaves flat, lanceolate, erect. Segments of the corolla oblong. 80 HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. [Cl. 7. Rich mead., imported. If. 9. Bulb large. Fl. radical, leafless, purple, with a long white tube. 0. 20. 1432. If. 4, 5. Fl. greenish ivhite, elongated, abortive. HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 209. ALlSMA. Water-plantain. 1. A. Plantdgo, 12. 837. (Greater W.) Leaves ovate, acute. Cap- sules obtusely triangular. Watery pi. 11. 7. Stalk naked. Pan. in comp. whorls of purple fl. 2. A. Damasonium, 23. 1615. (Star-headed W.) Leaves oblong ; heart-shaped at the base. Styles six. Capsules tapering. Ditches, rare. If. 6, 7. Small ; with 1 or 2 whorls of white fl. 3. A. ndtans, 11.755. (Floating W.) Leaves elliptical, obtuse. Flower-stalks simple. Capsules striated. Mount, lakes, rare. If. 7, 8. Lower I. submersed, linear. Fl. white. 4. A. ranunculoides, 5. 326. (Lesser W.) Leaves linear-lanceolate. Capsules numerous, angular, acute, in a globular head. Stem none. — ,3. smaller, with creeping runners. Scapes mostly sin- gle-flowered. Suppl. 2722. A. repens, E. Fl. Swamps. Wales. If . 8. Fl. stalk round. Fl. whorled. Class VII. HEPTANDEIA. Stamens 7. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. 210. TRIENTALIS. Cal. of 7 leaves. Cor. in 7 deep segments, equal and flat. Caps, of about 7 valves. Seeds tunicated. — N.O. Primulace^e. Ulmus 4. HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 210. TRIENTALIS. Chickwced Wintergreen. 1. T. europcea, 1. 15. (European Chickweed W.) Leaves obovate- oblong ; the lowermost very obtuse. Woods and mount, heaths. If. 5, 6. Stem 3 or 4 in. crowned with a tuft of smooth leaves and elegant white flowers. Ord. 3.] OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 81 Class VIII. OCTANDRIA. Stamens 8. Order I. MONOGYNIA. Style 1. * Flowers complete. 219. ACER. Pet. 5. Cal. 5-cleft, inferior. Caps, winged. Seeds I or 2. — N.O. Acerine^e. 212. EPILoBIUM. Pet. 4. Cal. 4-cleft, superior. Caps, of 4 colls. tfeec/s bearded. — N.O. Onagrarie^e. 211. (ENOTHeRA. Pet. 4. Cal. 4-cleft, superior. C«/?s. of 4 cells. Seeds beardless. Anth. linear. — N.O. Onagrarie^:. 213. CHLoRA. Cor. in 8 — 6 deepsegm. Cal. inf. of 8 — 6 leaves. Caps, of 1 cell. — N.O. Gentianeje. 214. VACClNIUM. Cor. of 1 pet. Cal. 4-cleft. Berry inferior. — N.O. Vaccinie^e. 215. MENZIeSIA. Cor. of 1 pet. Cal. of 1 leaf. Caps, superior ; partitions double, from the margin of the valves. — N. O.Ericete. 217. ERlCA. Cor. of 1 pet. Cal. of 4 leaves. Caps, superior; partitions simple, from the centre of each valve — N.O.Erice^e. 216. CALLuNA. Cor. of 1 pet. Cal. double ; each of 4 leaves. Caps, superior-, partitions from the column, alternate with the valves. — N.O. Erice. 5. 309. (Bulbiferous C.) Lower leaves pinnated : upper simple, with axillary bulbs. Moist shady pi. rare. If.. 4, 5. Root toothed. Fl. purple. 32. CARDAMlNE. Bitter-cress. * Leaves simple. 1. C. bellidifolia, 33. 2355. (Daisy-leaved B.) Leaves simple, ovate, slightly wavy, entire ; the radical ones much shorter than their stalks. Scotland ? If. . 8. 2 in. Fl. few, white. Style short, conical. ** Leaves pinnate. 2. C. impdtiens, 2.80. (Impatient B.) Leaves pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, mostly cut. Stipulas fringed. Shady rocky pi. 0. 5, 6. Erect, pale green. Fl.minute. Pod elastic. 3. C. hirsuta, 7- 492. (Hairy B.) Leaves pinnate, without stipulas ; leaflets stalked, roundish-oblong, notched. Waste and cult. gr. 0 . 3 — 6. More or less hairy and spread. Fl. white. 4. C. pratcnsis, 11. 776. (Meadow B. or Cuckoo-fl.) Leaves pin- nate, without stipulas ; leaflets of the radical ones roundish and toothed ; those of the stem-leaves lanceolate, entire. Petals with a tooth upon the claw. Mead, and past. If.. 4, 5. Boot tuberous. FL large, purple. 5. C. amdra, 14. 1000. (Marsh B.) Leaves pinnate, without sti- pulas ; leaflets of the lowermost roundish ; of the rest toothed or angular. Stem creeping at the base. 136 TETRADYNAMIA SILIOUOSA. [CI. 15. Wet pi. ; rare. If. 4, 5. Root toothed. FL white ; anth. viol. ; style elong. 333. NASTURTIUM. Cress. 1. N. officinale, Sisymbrium Nasturtium, 12. 855. (Water C.) Leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish-heart-shaped, wavy. Clear riv. & ponds. If. G, 7. Stems spread. Fl. white. Pod slender. 2. N. sylvestre, S. sylv. 33. 2324. (Creeping- Yellow C.) Leaves pin- nate ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply serrated or cut. Root creeping. Wet gravelly mead. If . 6 — 9. Root widely creep. Fl. bright yell. 3. N. terrestre, S. terr. 25. 1747. (Annual Yellow C.) Leaves pin- natifid, unequally toothed. Root tapering. Petals scarcely so long as the calyx. Pod curved. Banks and mead. 0. 6 — 9. Root simple. FL small, yellow. 4. N. amphibium, S. amph. 26. 1840. (Amphibious Yellow C.) Leaves oblong, pinnatifid, or serrated. Roots fibrous. Petals longer than the calyx. Pod elliptical. Rivers and ditches. If. 6 — 8. Stem trailing. Fl. yellow; style elong. 334. SISYMBRIUM. Hedge-Mustard. 1. S. officinale, Erysimum off. 11. 735. (Common H.) Pods pressed close to the main stalk, awl-shaped, downy. Leaves runcinate, hairy. Stem rough with reflexed bristles. Waste gr. ©. 7. Stems 2f. spreading. FL small, pale yellow. 2. S. 'Irio, 23. 1631. (Broad H. London Rocket.) Leaves runcinate, toothed, smooth as well as the stem. Pods erect. Waste gr. and walls. 0. 7, 8. Quite smooth. FL small, yellow. 3. S. Sophia, 14. 963. (Fine-leaved H.) Leaves doubly pinnatifid, a little hairy. Petals smaller than the calyx. Waste gr. 0.7. L. with narrow segments. Fl. minute, yellow. 335. BARB A RE A. Winter-cress. 1. B. vulgaris, Erysimum Barb. 7. 443. (Yellow Rocket.) Lower leaves lyrate, the terminal lobe roundish; upper obovate, toothed. Marshes and waste gr. If. 5 — 8. Smooth, shining, bitter. Fl. yellow. 2. B. prcecox, E. prsecox, 16. 1129. (Early W.) Lower leaves lyrate; upper deeply pinnatifid, with linear-oblong, entire segments. Watery pi. rare. $ . 4—10. Smooth, H — 2/ hot. Fl pale yellow. 336. ERYSIMUM. Treacle-mustard. 1. E. cheiranthoides, 14. 942. (Worm-seed T.) Leaves lanceolate, obscurely toothed. Pods erect, on horizontal stalks. Stigma almost sessile. Fields, and osier-holts. 0. 7. Roughish, with close, forked bristles. Fl. golden. 2. E. Alliaria, 12. 796. (Garlick T. Sauce-alone.) Leaves heart- shaped, broadly toothed, stalked. Shady pi. If. . 5. Smooth, with a scent of garlick. FL white. Ord. 2.] TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 137 3. E. orientate, Brassica orientals, 26. 1804. (Hare's-ear T.) Leaves elliptic-heart-shaped, obtuse, clasping the stem ; radical ones obovate ; all smooth, undivided, entire. Fields, and marit. cliffs. 0. 6. Even, glauc. Fl. whitish. 337. CHEIRaNTHUS. Wall-flower. 1. Ch. fruticulosus, 27. 1934. (Wild W.) Leaves lanceolate, acute ; most hoary beneath, with simple close hairs. Stem shrubby. Branches angular. Walls. Tj.5, 6. Cal purplish. Pet. bright yellow. Style prominent. 338. MATTHiOLA. Stock. 1. M. incdna, Cheiranthus incanus, 27. 1935. (Hoary S.) Stem shrubby, upright, branched. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, entire, hoary. Pods without glands. Marit. cliffs, not indigenous. Tj . 5. Fl. light purple, fragrant. 2. M. sinudta, Ch. sin. 7. 462. (Great Sea S.) Stem herbaceous, spreading. Leaves downy, glandular, obtuse, sinuated ; those of the branches undivided. Pods rough with prominent glands. Southern sea coasts. $ . 8. Fl. purple, fragrant in the evening. 339. HeSPERIS. Dame's-violet. 1. H. matrondlis, H. inodora, 11. 731. (Common D.) Partial flower-stalks the length of the calyx. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Stem upright, slightly branched. Pods smooth, irregu- larly tumid, equilateral, nearly erect. Hilly past, near rills. y..5, 6. Somewhat hoary . Fl. rose-coloured. 340. ARABIS. Wall-cress, or Rock-cress. 1. A. thalidna, 13. 901. Sisymbr. th. Br. Fl. (Common W.) Leaves hairy, more or less toothed ; radical ones stalked, oblong. Sta- mens not much shorter than the petals. Stem branched. Pods pointing upwards. Walls, dry banks, &c. ©. 4. Fl. small, white. Pod a little curved. 2. A. stricta, 9. 614. (Bristol R.) Leaves toothed, obtuse, bristly; radical ones somewhat lyrate. Stems hairy. Petals nearly erect. Calyx smooth. Limestone rocks near Bristol. If. . 5. Fl. larger, cream-col. Pod straight. 3. A. hispida, Cardamine hastulata, 7. 469. (Alpine R.) Radical leaves lyrate or hastate, smooth or bristly, tufted ; stem-leaves lanceolate, entire, scattered, mostly smooth. Petals spreading. Root branched at the crown. Alpine rocks ; rare. 1/ . 6, 7. Fl. pale purple, or white. 4. A. cilidta, Turritis alpina, 25. 1746. (Fringed R.) Leaves some- what toothed, smooth on both sides, distantly fringed and bearded ; radical ones obovate. Stem simple. Marit. cliffs, W. of Ir. rare. $ . 7, 8. Stem-leaves ellipt. Fl. white. 138 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. [CI. 15. 5. A. hirsuta, T. hirs. 9. 587. (Hairy W.) Leaves toothed and bristly. Stem rough, with simple spreading hairs. Pods quite erect, with slightly keeled valves. Walls and rocks. 2£. 5. Stem \hf slightly branched. Fl. white. 6. A. Turrita, 3. 178. (Tower W.) Leaves toothed, clasping the stem. Flower-stalks the length of the calyx, each with a leafy bractea. Pods linear, flat, thick-edged, recurved in one direction. Old walls, rare ; introduced. $ .5. If. Fl. pale sulphur-coloured. 341. TURRlTIS. Tower-mustard. 1. T. glabra, 11. 77. (Smooth T.) Radical leaves toothed, rough ; the rest entire, clasping the stem, smooth. Gravelly past. 0.5,6. Stem '2 — 3 f. wand-like. Pods slender, close to the stem. 342. BRaSSICA. Cabbage, Turnep, &c. 1. B. Ndpus, 30. 2146. (Rape, or Cole-seed.) Root spindle-shaped. Leaves smooth ; upper ones lanceolate, heart-shaped at their base, clasping the stem ; lower ones lyrate, toothed. Fields and banks. $ . 5. L. glauc. beneath. Fl. yellow. 2. B. Rdpa, 31. 2176. (Common Turnep.) Root stem-like, fleshy, orbicular, depressed. Radical leaves lyrate, rough ; those of the stem smooth ; the uppermost entire. Cult, fields. $ . 4. Radical leaves dark green. Fl. bright yellow. 3. B. campestris, 32. 2234. (Wild Navew.) Root tapering. Radical leaves lyrate, rough ; stem-leaves smooth, clasping, oblong, partly pinnatifid. Fields. 0. 6, 7. Glaucous. Fl. yellow. 4. B. olerdcea, 9. 637. (Sea Cabbage.) Root stem-like, cylindrical, fleshy. Leaves smooth, glaucous, waved, lobed, partly lyrate. Pod without a beak. Cliffs near the sea; rare. £ .5,6. Stem scarred below. Fl. lemon-col. 5. B. monensis, Sisymbrium monense, 14. 982. (Isle of Man C.) Leaves glaucous, deeply pinnatifid, nearly smooth ; lobes oblong, unequally toothed. Stem simple, smooth. Pods quadrangular ; beak lodging two or three seeds. Sandy sea-shores, rare. If. . 6, 7. Stem a span high. Fl, lemon-col. veined. 343. SINAPIS. Mustard. S. arvensis, 25. 1748. (Wild M. Charlock.) Pods with many angles, rugged, longer than their own awl-shaped beak. Leaves toothed, partly lyrate, or hastate. Fields. ©.5. Fl. yellow. Pods about 8-angled ; beak furrowed. S. alba, 24. 1677. (White M.) Pods bristly, rugged, spreading, shorter than their own flat two-edged beak. Leaves lyrate. Fields. 0.6. Fl. numer. yellow. Beak very long, bristly, sword-sh. 3. S. nigra, 14. 969. (Common M.) Pods quadrangular, smooth, 2. Ord. 3.] MONADELPHIA. 139 slightly beaked, close-pressed to the stalk. Lower leaves lyrate; upper linear-lanceolate, entire, smooth. Fields & banks. 0 . 6. Fl. yell., small. Upp. branches dependent. 4. S. tenuifolia, Sisymbrium tenuifolium, 8. 525. (Narrow-leaved Wall M.) Pods erect, on spreading stalks, linear, compressed, slightly beaked. Leaves once or twice pinnatifid ; the upper- most undivided. Stem smooth. Walls and rubbish. 1£. 7 — 10. Bushy. Fl. large, lemon-col. Seeds 2-ranked. 5. S. muralis, Sisymb. murale, 16. 1090. (Sand M.) Pods ascend- ing, on spreading stalks, linear, compressed, slightly beaked. Leaves sinuated. Stem roughish with reflexed bristles. Sandy gr. ©. 8 — 10. Stems spreading, leafy below. Fl. smaller. Seeds 2-ranked. 344. RAPHANUS. Radish. 1. R. Raphanistrum, 12. 856. (Wild R.) Pods jointed, striated, of one cell. Leaves lyrate. Fields. © . 6, 7. Upp. I. oblong, or lanceol. Fl.pale, with viol, veins. 2. R. maritimus, 27. 1643. (Sea R.) Pods jointed, deeply furrowed, of one cell. Radical leaves interruptedly lyrate, serrated. Seaside. $ . 6. Larger. Fl. yellow, less veiny. Class XVI. MONADELPHIA. Filaments combined, in one set. Order I. PENTANDRIA. Stamens 5. 345. ERoDlUM. Style I. Fruit beaked, of 5 aggregate capsules, each tipped with a spiral awn, bearded on the inside. — N.O. GERANIACEiE. Lysimachia 1. Linum. Geranium 8. Order II. DECANDRIA. Stamens 10. 346. GERA.NIUM. Style 1. Fruit beaked, of 5 aggregate capsules, each tipped with a recurved naked awn. — N.O. Geraniace^e. Oxalis. Spartium. Genista. Anthyllis. Ulex. Ononis. Order III. POLYANDRIA. Stamens numerous. The genera belong to the Nat. Ord. Malvaceae. 349. LAVATeRA. Styles numerous. Outer calyx 3-lobedt Caps. whorled, 1-seeded. 348. MALVA. Styles numerous. Outer cal. of 3 leaves. Caps. whorled, 1-seeded. MONADELPHIA DECANDRTA. [CI. 16. 347. ALTHvEA. Styles numerous. Outer cal. in 9 segments. Caps. whorled, 1 -seeded. MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA. 345. ER6DIUM. Stork's-bill. 1. E. cicutdrium, 25. 1768. (Hemlock S.) Stalks many-flowered. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, pinnatifid, cut. Stamens simple. Rubbish, and sandy gr. 0 . 6—8. Fetid, Stein procumb. Fl. purp. 2. E. moschdtum, 13. 902. (Musky S.) Stalks many-flowered. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets nearly sessile, elliptical, unequally cut. Perfect stamens toothed at the base. Mount, past. rare. 0. 6, 7. Of a musky fragrance. Stems de- pressed. Fl. smaller. 3. E. maritimum, 9. 646. (Sea S.) Stalks barely three-flowered. Leaves simple, heart-shaped, cut, crenate, rough. Sandy sea-shores. If. 5 — 9. L. simple, on rather long stalks. Fl. pale red. MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 346. GERANIUM. Crane's-bill. 1. G.ph&um, 5. 322. (Dusky C.) Stalks two-flowered, panicled. erect. Calyx slightly pointed. Capsules keeled ; hairy below ; wrinkled at the summit. Stamens hairy. Mount, thickets. If. . 5, 6. L. palmate. Pet. wavy, dark purple. 2. G. nodosum, 16. 1091. (Knotty C.) Stalks two-flowered. Leaves opposite, three- or five-lobed, pointed, serrated. Capsules even, downy all over. Mount/thickets, indigenous? %. 5 — 8. Stem 18 in., weak, swelled at the joints. FL purple. 3. G. sylvdticum, 2. 121. (Wood C.) Stalks two-flowered, somewhat corymbose. Leaves about seven-lobed, cut and serrated. Cap- sules hairy all over. Stamens awl-shaped. Mt. thick. If. 6, 7. Pet. purp., with crimson veins. Stain, fringed. 4. G. pratense, 6. 404. (Meadow C.) Stalks two-flowered. Leaves in about seven deep segments, sharply pinnatifid and serrated. Capsules hairy all over. Stamens much dilated at the base. Mount, past. %. 6, 7. Pet. very large, fine blue. Stam. smooth. 5. G. robertianum, 21. 1486. (Stinking C. Herb Robert.) Stalks two-flowered. Leaves somewhat pedate, pinnatifid, five-angled. Calyx with ten angles. Capsule wrinkled. — /3. smaller. G. purpureum, Suppl. 2648. Hedges and waste gr. 0.5 — 10. Fetid, reddish. Fl. crimson. 6. G. lucidum, 2. 75. (Shining C.) Stalks two-flowered. Leaves five- Ol'd. 2.] MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 141 lobed, rounded. Calyx pyramidal, transversely wrinkled. Cap- sules wrinkled, triply keeled. Walls and moist rocks. 0. 5 — 8. Shining, reddish. Fl. purple. 7. G. mode, 11. 778. (Dove's-foot C.) Stalks two-flowered, alternate, opposite to the leaves, which are rounded, lobed, notched, and downy. Capsules numerously wrinkled, smooth. Seeds without dots. Past, and waste gr. 0 . 4 — 8. Stems spreading. Fl. small, purple. 8. G. pusillum. G. 385. (Small-flowered C.) Stalks two-flowered. Leaves kidney-shaped, palmate, cut, downy. Capsules keeled, even, with erect hairs. Seeds without dots. Gravelly soil. 0. 6 — 9. Fl. small, bluish, with only 5 perfect anth. 9. G. pyrenaicum, G. 405. (Perennial Dove's-foot C.) Stalks two- flowered. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Leaves kidney- shaped, lobed. Capsules keeled, even, somewhat downy. Seeds without dots. Mead, and past. If. 7. Stem erect, 3 f. Fl. pretty large, light blue. Seeds even. 10. G. rotundifolium, 3. 157. (Round-leaved C.) Stalks two-flowered. Petals entire. Leaves kidney-shaped, cut, downy. Capsules even, hairy. Seeds reticulated. Waste gr. and past. © . G, 7. Stem spreading. Fl. small, rose-col. 11. G. dissectum, 11.753. (Jagged-leaved C.) Stalks two-flowered. Petals cloven. Leaves in five deep, laciniated segments. Capsules hairy. Seeds reticulated. Barren grav. pi. 0.5, 6. Segrn. of the leafl.narrow. Fl. small, pur p. 12. G. columb'inum, 4. 259. (Long-stalked C.) Stalks two-flowered, thrice as long as the leaves, which are in five deep, laciniated segments. Capsules quite even and smooth. Seeds reticulated. Chalky or grav. banks. 0 . 6, 7. A slender herb. Fl. larger. 13. G. sanguineum, 4. 272. (Bloody C.) Stalks single-flowered. Leaves roundish, in five or seven, deeply separated, three-cleft lobes. Capsules even, bristly at the summit. Seeds minutely wrinkled. Hilly stony pi. 1{. 7 — 9. Spreading. Fl. large, blood-col. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 347. ALTHJEA. Marsh-Mallow. 1. A. officinalis, 3. 147- (Common M.) Leaves simple, downy, slightly five-lobed. Marsh, near the sea. If. . 7 — 9. Stems straight, 3f Fl. reddish purp. *2. A. hirsuta, Suppl. 2674. (Hairy M.) Leaves cordate, rough with hairs ; lower ones obtusely, upper ones acutely, lobed, and toothed. Stem hispid. Peduncles single-flowered, longer than the leaves. 142 DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. [CI. 17. Field near Cobham, Kent. Native ? © . 6, 7. Hispid. Fl. small, red-purple. 348. MaLVA. Mallow. 1. M. sylvestris, 10. 671. (Common M.) Stem upright, herbaceous. Leaves with seven acute lobes. Stalks of the flower and of the leaf, hairy. Hedges and road-sides. If . 5 — 8. Much branched. Fl. large, purp. 2. M. rotundifolia, 16. 1092. p. pusilla, 4. 231. (Dwarf M.) Stems prostrate. Leaves roundish-heart-shaped, bluntly five-lobed. Stalks of the fruit bent downwards. Waste gr. 0 . 6 — 9. Scarcely branched. Fl. small, reddish ; in /S. very minute. 3. M.moschdta, 11. 754. (Musk M.) Radical leaves kidney-shaped, cut; the rest in five deep, pinnatifid, jagged segments. Calyx hairy ; its outer leaves linear-lanceolate. Grav. soil, by hedges. If. . 7,8. Roughish; musky-sc. Fl. large, rose-c. 349. LAVATERA. Tree-mallow. 1. L. arborea, 26. 1841. (Sea T.) Stem arboreous. Leaves downy, plaited, with seven angles. Stalks axillary, crowded, single- flowered. Maritime rocks, rare. $ . 7 — 10. 6f Fl. purple, shining. Class XVII. DIADELPHIA. Filaments combined, in two sets. Order I. HEXANDRIA. Stamens 6. 350. FUMA.RIA. Cal. of 2 leaves. Cor. ringent, prominent and honey-bearing at the base. Each filament with 3 anthers, — N.O. FtJMARIACK^E. Order II. OCTANDRIA. Stamens 8. 351. POLyGALA. Two segments of the cal. like wings. Stand- ard of the cor. cylindrical. Caps, of 2 cells and 2 valves. Seeds solitary, crested N.O. Polygale^e. Order III. DECANDRIA. Stamens 10. An entirely Nat. Ord., comprehending the Papilionaceous plants ; LEGUMINOSiE. * Stamens all connected at the base ; the tube which they form mostly split along its upper side. 352. SPaRTIUM. Filam. all forming a simple tube. Stigma lateral, linear, hairy. Legume flat. Old. 2.] DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. 143 353. GENlSTA. Filam. upwards in 2 sets. Stigma terminal, a little capitate. Pistil depressing the keel. Standard reflexed. Legume turgid. 354. ULEX. Cal. of 2 leaves, nearly as long as the legume. 356. ANTHYLLIS. Cal inflated, including the legume. 355. ONONIS. Cal. in 5 deep segments. Legume rhomboid, sessile. Standard striated. ** Stigma or style, downy ; without the character of the former section. 358. 6ROBUS. Style linear, nearly cylindrical. Stigma downy on the upper side. 357. PlSUM. The upper prominent angle of the stigma downy. Style triangular. 359. LaTHYRUS. Style flattened vertically. Stigma downy along the dilated upper half of the style. 360. VlCIA. Style bearded in front, below the stigma. 361. ERVUM. Stigma capitate, all over downy. *** Legume more or less perfectly 2-celled ; without the former characters. 365. ASTRAGALUS. Legume tumid, of 2 longitudinal cells. **** Legume with scarcely more than 1 seed ; without the former characters. 366. TRIFoLIUM. Legume hardly longer than the calyx, with 1 seed, rarely more, not bursting, deciduous. ***** Legume either jointed or spiral; without the former characters. 364. HEDySARUM. Legume of one or more, close, compressed, single-seeded joints. Keel very obtuse. 362. ORNlTHOPUS. Legume somewhat cylindrical, curved ; of many close, single-seeded joints. Keel rounded. 363. HIPPOCRePIS. Legume compressed, partly membranous, incurved ; with many curved joints ; one suture with several notches. 368. MEDICaGO. Legume spiral, compressed, somewhat membra- nous. Pistil pressing the keel downwards. ****** Legume of 1 cell, with numerous seeds ; without the former characters. 367- LOTUS. Legume cylindrical, spongy within. Wings converging at their upper edges. Filam. partly dilated. DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. 350. FUMARIA. Fumitory. * Pod with many seeds. Nect. single. Corydalis o/DeCand. 1. F. solida, 21. 1471. (Solid F.) Stem mostly simple, erect. 144 DIADELFHIA DECANDRIA. [CI. IT. Leaves twice ternate. Bracteas palmate, longer than each flower-stalk. Thick., rare ; native? If. 4, 5. R. bulbous, solid. Fl. tipped with purple. 2. F. lutea, 9. 588. (Yellow F.) Pods nearly cylindrical, shorter than their stalks. Stem angular, erect. Bracteas minute. Spur short, rounded. Old walls ; naturalized. If. 5. R. fibrous. Fl, lemon-col. with yellow tips. 3. F. claviculdta, 2. 103. (Climbing F.) Pods lanceolate, undu- lated. Stem climbing. Footstalks ending in branched tendrils. Gravelly, bushy hills. 0 . 6, 7. Very tender and glauc. Fl. white. ** Pod single-seeded. Nect. single. Fumaria o/De Cand. 4. F. officinalis, 9. 589. (Common F.) Cluster rather lax. Pods single-seeded, globose, abrupt, on upright stalks twice as long as the bracteas. Stem spreading. Segments of the leaflets lanceolate. Cult. gr. 0 . 5 — 8. Glaucous. Fl.pale red ; deep red at the summit. 5. F. parviflora, 9. 590. (Small-flowered F.) Cluster lax. Pods single-seeded, globose, pointed. Stem spreading. Segments of the leaflets linear, channelled. Fields, S. of Eng. 0 . 8, 9. Leqfl. very narrow. Fl. small, pale red. 6. F. capreolata, 14. 943. (Ramping F.) Cluster rather lax. Pods single-seeded, globose. Stem climbing by the twisting footstalks. Leaflets wedge-shaped, lobed. Fields, rare. 0. 6 — 9. 3 — 4f. Pet. pale-red, tipped with deep-red. DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA. 351. POLyGALA. Milkwort. 1. P. vulgaris, 2. 76. and P. amara, Suppl. 2764, not L. (Common M.) Flowers crested. Stems ascending, herbaceous, simple. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Dry gravelly pi. If . 6, 7. Smooth and bitter. Bract. 3, deciduous. Fl. blue, pink, or white. Cal. permanent ; its wings about as long as the corolla. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. [This Natural Order of Papilionaceous Plants (Leguminosa of Jussieu) is in habit either herbaceous, or shrubby. Wood hard. L. mostly pinnate, with a tendril or an odd leaflet ; rarely simple. Stip. in pairs. Fl. handsome, often fragrant ; all complete and perfect. Cor. papilionaceous. Herbage wholesome for cattle ; seeds for mankind.] 352. SPARTIUM. Broom. 1. S. scoparium, 19. 1339. Cytisus scoparius, Br. Fl. (Common B,) Ol'(l. 3.] DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 145 Leaves ternate, or solitary. Branches angular, without thorns. Filaments in one set at the base. Legume fringed. Dry gravelly pi. T? . 5, 6. Fl. stalked, large, yell. Cat. purplish. 353. GENISTA. Green-weed. 1. G. tinctoria, 1. 44. (Dyer's G.) Leaves lanceolate, smooth. Branches round, striated, erect, without thorns. Past, and thickets. Tj . 7, 8. Of humble growth. Fl. bright yellow. 2. G. pilosa, 3. 208. ( Hairy G.) Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; hairy beneath. Stem tuberculated, prostrate, without thorns. Dry elevated moors. T? . 5, & again 9. Cat. Sfjl.-stalks silky. Fl. yell. 3. G. dnglica, 2. 132. (Needle G. Petty Whin.) Thorns nearly sim- ple. Flowering-branches unarmed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Boggy heaths. T? . 5, 6. About \f woody. Fl. small, lemon-col. ; standard yell. 354. ULEX. Furze. 1. U. europceus, 11. 742. (Common F. Whin.) Teeth of the calyx obsolete, converging ; bracteas ovate, lax. Branches erect. Heaths and commons. T? . 5 — 12. 2 — 5f. Fl. yellow. 2. U. nanus, 11. 743. (Dwarf F.) Teeth of the calyx lanceolate, spreading. Bracteas minute, close-pressed. Branches reclining. Dry heaths. T? . 8 — 10. Scarcely half the size. Fl. smaller and paler. 355. ONONIS. Rest-harrow. 1. O. arvensis, 10. 682, and Suppl. 2659. (Common R.) Stem hairy. Branches at length spinous. Flowers mostly solitary. Leaves generally simple ; entire towards their base. Fields and past. 1£. 6 — 8. Fl, on short stalks, brilliant rose-col. *2. O. reclinata, Barr. Ic. 761. (Small Annual R.) Herbaceous, spreading. Leaves ternate. Leaflets cuneate, serrate, with viscid pubescence. Stipulas broadly ovate, acute, serrated. Peduncles 1-fiowered, shorter than the leaf. Calyx longer than the co- rolla, shorter than the legume. Cliffs, Mull of Galloway. (Dr. Graham.) 0. 6, 7. 3—5 inch. Cor. purplish-white. 356. ANTHYLLIS. Kidney-vetch. 1. A. vulneraria, 2. 104. (Common K. or Ladies' finger.) Herba- ceous. Leaves pinnate, unequal. Heads of flowers in pairs. Chalky past. If. 6 — 8. L. lyrate. Cor. yellow, rarely of a fine red. 357. PlSUM. Pea. I. P. maritimum, 15. 1046. Lathyrus pisiformis, Br. Fl. (Sea P.) Footstalks flattish on the upper side. Stem angular. Stipulas arrow-shaped. Stalks many-flowered. Stony sea-shores. If. 7. Procumb. Fl. purple, varieg. with crimson. H 146 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. [CI. 17. 358. 6R0BUS. Bitter- vetch. 1. O. tuberosus, 17. 1153. (Common B. Heath-pea.) Leaves pin- nate, elliptic-lanceolate. Stipulas half-arrow-shaped ; toothed at the base. Stem simple, erect. Heaths & woods. If. 5, 6. JR. knobbed, sweetish. Fl. purple Sf red. 2. O. niger, Suppl. 2788. (Black. B.) Leaves pinnate, of from four to six pairs of elliptic-lanceolate leaflets. Stipulas linear-awl- shaped, simple, entire. Stem branched, angular, erect. Shady rocks, Scot. "If. 6, 7. JR. tapering. FL eleg., bluish purp. 3. O. sylvdtica, 8. 518. (Wood B.) Stems recumbent, hairy, branched. Leaflets numerous. Mount, woods, rare. If.. 5,6. Pet. cream-col. streaked with purp. Infi. a wax. found in Cardiganshire, the leaves are large, simple, ovate ! 359. LATHYRUS. Vetchling. * Flowers mostly solitary. 1. L. Aphaca, 17. 1167. (Yellow V.) Tendrils without leaves. Stipulas between heart- and arrow-shaped. Gravelly places, rare. 0. 6 — 8. L. 0. Stip. large. Fl. lemon-col. 2. L. Nissolia, 2. 112. (Crimson V.) Leaves simple, without ten- drils. Stipulas awl-shaped. Bushy pi. Q.5. Herb grassy. Fl.crims.,varieg. with purp. 8f white. ** Flowers in pairs. 3. L. hirsutus, 18. 1255. (Rough-podded V.) Each tendril with a pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets. Legumes hairy. Seeds rough. Fields, rare. 0 . 7. Stem hairy, winged. Stand, crims.; keelwhite. *** Flowers numerous on each stalk. 4. L. pratensis, 10. 670. (Meadow V.) Tendrils mostly simple, each bearing a pair of lanceolate leaflets. Mead, and past. If. 7, 8. Smooth. Stems angular. Fl. bright yell 5. L. sylvestris, 12. 805. (Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea.) Ten- drils branched, each bearing a pair of sword-shaped leaflets. Stem winged. Thick, and moist hedges. If . 7, 8. 6 f. Fl. purp. with violet wings. 6. L. latif alius, 16. 1108. (Broad-leaved Everlasting Pea.) Tendrils branched, each bearing a pair of elliptical leaflets. Stem winged. Woods, rare : native? If. 7, 8. Fl. large ; pet. all rose-col. 7. L. palustris, 3. 169. (Marsh V.) Tendrils branched, each bear- ing several elliptic-lanceolate leaflets. Stipulas lanceolate. Humid mead, and thick. If. 7, 8. 4f. winged. Fl. varieg. with blue and purple. 360. VlCIA. Vetch. * Stalks elongated, many-flowered. 1. V. sylvatica, 2. 79. (Wood V.) Leaflets elliptical. Stipulas cres- cent-shaped, deeply toothed. Ord. 3.] DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 147 Woody mount. If. 7, 8. Stem smooth, 6f. Fl. white, with blue lines, 2. V. Cracca, 17. 1168. (Tufted V.) Flowers imbricated. Leaflets lanceolate, downy. Siipulas half-arrow-shaped, mostly entire. Hedges, and bushy past. If. . 7, 8. Stem 3f. downy. Fl. violet. ** Flowers axillary, nearly sessile. 3. V. sativa, 5. 334. (Common V.) Flowers mostly in pairs. Leaf- lets elliptic-oblong- ; lower ones abrupt. Stipulas with a blackish depression beneath. Seeds orbicular, smooth. Corn fields. 0 . 5,6. Herb more or less downy. Pet. purplish crims., variegated. — V. angustif. is scarcely distinct. 4. V. angustifolia, Suppl. 2614. and V. Bobartii, Suppl. 2708. (Narrow-leaved V.) Flowers solitary. Leaflets linear ; lower ones obcordate. Stipulas with a pale depression beneath. Seeds orbicular, smooth. Grassy past. 0 ? 6. Smaller, slender. FL eleg., crims. ; keel white. 5. V. lathyroides, 1. 30. (Spring V.) Flowers solitary. Leaflets elliptic-oblong ; lower ones obcordate. Tendrils simple, shorter than the leaflets. Seeds cubic, warty. Gravelly soil. 0.4, 5. Stem 3 — 4 in. downy. Fl. bluish-purp. Seeds cubical. 6. V. lutea,!. 481. (Rough-podded V.) Flowers solitary, very nearly sessile. Standard smooth. Legumes reflexed, hairy. Stem spreading. Stipulas ovate, pointed, coloured. Stony gr. near the sea. If. 8. Fl. pale sulph. or whitish. 7. V. hybrida, 7. 482. (Hairy-flowered V.) Flowers solitary. Stand- ard hairy. Legumes reflexed, hairy. Stems ascending. Leaflets abrupt. Stipulas ovate, unstained. Thickets, S. of England, very rare. If. 6. Fl. sulphur-col., more reddish. Stip. green. 8. V. laevigata, 7. 483. (Smooth-podded V.) Flowers solitary, nearly sessile. Legumes reflexed, smooth. Stems ascending. Stipulas cloven, unstained. Leaflets bluntish, very smooth. Weymouth. If. . 8. Quite smooth. Fl. pale blue. 9. V. sepium, 22. 1515. (Bush V.) Flowers about four together, in short axillary clusters. Legumes upright, smooth. Leaflets ovate, obtuse ; the upper ones gradually smaller. Thickets and hedges. If. 5, 6. Leajl. numer. Fl. dullpurp. varieg. 10. V. bithynica, 26. 1842. (Purple V.) Flowers stalked, mostly solitary . Legumes upright, rough. Leaflets in two pairs, lanceo- late. Stipulas with lateral teeth. Bushy gravelly pi. rare. If.. 7,8. Stip. large. FL purple. 361. ERVUM. Tare. I.E. tetraspermum, 17. 1223. (Smooth T.) Flowers mostly in pairs. Legume smooth, with four seeds. Leaflets oblong, bluntish. Moist corn fields. ©. 6. Slendery hairy. FL pale purple. 118 DIADELPHIA DECANDRJA. [CI. 17. 2. E. hirsutum, 14. 970. (Hairy T.) Clusters many-flowered. Legumes hairy, with two seeds. Leaflets abrupt. Past, and cornfields. 0. 6. Stem smoothish. Fl. almost white. 362. ORNlTHOPUS. Bird's-foot. 1. O. perpusillus, 6. 369. (Common B.) Leaves pinnate. Flowers capitate, accompanied by a leaf. Legumes incurved, beaded. Gravelly pi. 0.5. Prostrate. Fl. varieg. with white and crimson. 863. HIPPOCRePIS. Horse-shoe-vetch. 1. H. comosa, 1. 31. (Tufted H.) Legumes umbellate, rough; their joints neither dilated nor bordered. Chalky soil. 1^.5 — 8. Prostr. smooth. L. pinnate. Fl. dull yellow. 364. HEDYSARUM. Saint-foin. 1. H. Onobrychis, 2. 96. (Common S.) Leaves pinnate, nearly smooth. Legume single-seeded, toothed at the margin and ribs. Wings of the corolla not longer than the calyx. Stem elongated. — Onobrychis sativa, Br. Fl. Dry chalky soil. 1£. 6, 7. Recumb. 2 — 3 /. Fl.inspikes, crims. varieg. 365. ASTRAGALUS. Milk-vetch. 1. A. glycyphyllos, 3. 203. (Sweet M.) Stem prostrate. Legumes obscurely triangular, incurved. Leaves longer than the flower- stalks; leaflets oval. Woods or thick., on a chalky soil. If. 6. Large. Spikes pale sulph. 2. A. hypoglottis, 4. 274. (Purple M.) Stem prostrate. Flowers in round heads. Legumes ovate, deeply channelled along the back, compressed, hairy ; hooked at the point. Chalky or sandy soil. 1/ . 6, 7. Leqfl. blunt, hairy. Fl. violet. *2. A. alpinus, Suppl. 2717. (Alpine M.) Pubescent. Stem as- cending. Leaflets elliptical. Stipulas ovate, free. Legumes elliptical, stipitate, pendulous, clothed with black hairs. Cliff, Glen of the Dole, Clova. If. 7. Stem slender, diffusely branch- ed. FL white, tipped with purple. 3. A. uralensis, 7. 466. (Hairy M.) Stem none. Stalk upright, taller than the leaves. Legumes oblong, tumid, pointed, shaggy, erect. Leaflets ovate, acute, all over silky like the calyx. — Oxytropis ural. Br. FL Dry pastures, Scotl., rare. !(.. 7. Shining, silky. FL bluish-pur- ple, rarely white. 4. A. campestris, 36. 2522. (Yellowish M.) Stem none. Stalk as- cending. Legumes ovate, inflated, hairy, erect. Leaflets lanceo- late, acute, somewhat hairy. — Oxytr. camp. Br. Fl. Mt. rocks in Clova. "14- • 7. Fl. cream-col. or buff; keel and ivings purplish. Ord. 3-] DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 149 366. TRIFoLIUM. Trefoil, Clover, and Melilot. * Flowers in clusters or spikes. Seeds 1 or more. Melilotus. 1. T. officinale, 19. 1340. (Common Yellow M.) Legumes 2-seeded, ovate, wrinkled. Clusters lax. Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx. Petals nearly equal in length. Stem erect. Thickets. 0.6,7. Flowers yellow. Plant fragrant when drying. *1. T. leucdntha, Melilotus leuc. Suppl. 2629. (White-flowered M.) Legumes 2-seeded, ovate, wrinkled. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Keel and wings shorter than the standard. Stem erect. Fields and waste places, not common. $ . 7, 8. Flowers white, fragrant ; smaller than the last. ** Flowers capitate. Seeds several. 2. T. ornithopodioides, 15. 1047. (Bird's- foot T.) Flowers about three together. Legume prominent, eight-seeded, twice as long as the calyx. Stems reclining. Barren gravelly past. © . 6, 7- Fl. slender, pale reddish ; keel very small. 3. T. repens,25. 1769. (White T. Dutch Clover.) Heads globose. Flowers somewhat stalked. Legume within the calyx, four- seeded. Stems creeping, solid. Mead, and past. 2£. 5 — 9. L. generally stained. Fl. numer. white. 4. T. suffocation, 15. 1049. (Suffocated T.) Heads sessile, lateral, roundish. Legume concealed, two-seeded. Calyx nearly smooth, with lanceolate, acute, recurved teeth, longer than the corolla. Sandy sea-coasts. 0 . 6, 7. Stems generally buried in the sand. Fl. whitish. *** Seeds single. Calyx generally hairy. 5. T. subterrdneum, 15, 1048. (Subterraneous T.) Heads hairy, of about four flowers. Involucrum central, reflexed, rigid, starry, embracing the fruit. Dry, gravelly, and barren situations. 0.5. Depressed. Fl. white. G. T. ochroleucum, 17. 1224. (Sulphur-coloured T.) Flowers in a so- litary, terminal, hairy head. Stem erect, downy. Lower leaflets inversely heart-shaped. Lowest calyx-tooth thrice as long as the rest. Dry past. If. . 6, 7. Stem straight. Fl. pale sulphur. Keel l-pet. 7. T.pratense, 25. 1770. (Common purple C.) Spikes dense. Stems ascending. Petals unequal. Calyx hairy ; four of its teeth equal. Stipulas ovate, bristle-pointed. Mead, and past. if . 5 — 9. Fl. sweet-scented, light purp. ;pet. united. 8. T. medium, 3. 190. (Zigzag T.) Spikes lax. Stems zigzag and branching. Petals nearly equal. Stipulas tapering, converging. Two upper calyx-teeth rather the shortest. Chalkv or gravelly soil. If. 7. Heads rather larger. Pet. purple. 9. T. mar'itimum, 4. 220. (Teasel-headed T.) Spikes ovate, somewhat 150 DIADELFHIA DECANDRIA. [CI. 17. hairy. Stipulas lanceolate, erect. Calyx-teeth after flowering di- lated, leafy, and spreading. Leaflets obovate-oblong. Muddy salt-marshes, rare. 0 . 6, 7. Fl. pale purple. Legume thin. 10. T. stelldtum, 22. 1545. (Starry-headed T.) Spikes hairy, round- ish. Stipules elliptical. Calyx-teeth longer than the corolla ; after flowering dilated, leafy, reticulated, and spreading ; tube closed. Leaflets inversely heart-shaped. Shoreham harbour, introd. 0.7. Fl. crowded, light crims. Cal. hairy. 11. T. arvense, 14. 944. (Hare's-foot T.) Spikes cylindrical, very hairy. Stipulas lanceolate, bristle-pointed. Calyx-teeth bristle- shaped, longer than the corolla. Leaflets linear-obovate. Sandy fields. 0. 7, 8. Much branched, finely hairy. Fl. whitish. 12. T. scabrum, 13. 903. (Rough T.) Heads sessile, axillary, ovate. Calyx-teeth unequal, lanceolate, rigid ; finally recurved. Stems procumbent. Chalky or sandy fields. 0. Prostrate, rigid. Fl. white. 13. T. glomerdtum, 15. 1063. (Round-headed T.) Heads sessile, axillary, hemispherical, smooth. Calyx-teeth heart-shaped, re- flexed, veiny. Gravelly fields. 0. 6. Quite smooth and prostrate. Fl. reddish. 14. T. striatum, 26. 1843. (Knotted T.) Heads sessile, axillary and terminal, ovate. Calyx elliptical, furrowed, hairy, with straight bristle-shaped teeth. Dry barren ground. 0.6. Procumbent, a little hairy. Fl. purplish. **** Calyx of the fruit inflated, bladdery. 15. T.fragiferum, 15. 1050. (Strawberry-headed T.) Heads round- ish. Calyx finally inflated, deflexed, with two terminal teeth. Moist mead. y. . 7, 8. Creeping. Fl. on long stalks, small, rose-col. *15. T. resupinatum, Suppl. 2789. (Reverse-fl. T.) Heads hemi- spherical, at length globose ; on stalks, at first only about as long as the petiole. Corollas resupinate. Calyx, after flowering, membranaceous, reticulated, inflated, hairy, acute ; two of the teeth longer, patent. Leaflets obovate. Stem prostrate. Mead, near Bristol; naturalized. ©. 6. Smooth; calyx alone hairy and much inflated. ***** Standards deflexed, dry and membranous. 16. T. prociimbens, 14. 945. (Hop T.) Heads oval, many-flowered. Standard finally deflexed, furrowed. Stems spreading or pro- cumbent. Common foot-stalk longest at the base. Dry gravelly soil. 0. 6, 7. Spreading widely. Fl. bright yellow, finally deflexed. 17. T. minus, 18. 1256. (Lesser T.) Heads hemispherical. Flower- stalks straight, rigid. Standard nearly even. Stems prostrate. Common footstalk very short. Dry gravelly soil. 0. 6, 7. Fl. yellow ; fewer and smaller, — Var. of T, filif. ? Ord. 3.] DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 151 18. T.fi/iforme, 18.1257. (Slender T.) Clusters lax, of few flowers. Common stalks capillary, wavy. Standard even. Stems prostrate. Leaflets all nearly sessile. Grassy past. 0. 6, 7. Very slender, smooth. Fl. small, yellow. 367. LOTUS. Bird's-foot-trefoil. 1. L. corniculdtus, 30. 2090. (Common B.) Heads depressed, of few flowers. Stems recumbent, pithy. Legumes spreading- ; nearly cylindrical. Claw of the standard obovate. Filaments all dilated. Past. If. . 6 — 8. Hairs close-pressed. Fl. brig/it yell. ; keel pale yell. 2. L. major, 30, 2091. (Greater B.) Heads depressed, many-flowered. Stems erect, tubular. Legumes drooping, cylindrical. Claw of the standard linear. Shorter filaments not dilated. Wet bushy pi. Ij.. 7, 8. Larger, 2—3/ Hairs loosely spread. Fl. dull orange. 3. L. tenuis, Suppl. 2615. L. decumbens, E. Fl. (Slender B.) Heads of few flowers. Stems recumbent, nearly solid. Legumes some- what spreading, cylindrical, two-edged. Calyx hairy ; its teeth shorter than the tube. Fields and mead. If . 6. Stems spread , partly prostrate. Umbels of 3 — 6 yellow fl. 4. L. angustissimus, L. diffusus, 13. 925. (Slender B.) Flowers so- litary, or in pairs. Stems much branched, prostrate, tubular. Legumes two-edged, very slender, somewhat compressed. Calyx loosely hairy ; its teeth fringed, twice the length of the tube. Rocky pi. near the sea. If ? 5, 6. Smaller, with fine long hairs. Fl. yell. 368. MEDICiGO. Medick. 1. M. sat'wa, 25. 1749. (Purple M. Lucerne.) Clusters upright. Legumes spiral. Stem erect, smooth. Mead. past, and hedges. If. 6, 7. Fl. violet. A variety of the next ? 2. M.falcata, 15. 1016. (Sickle-podded M.J Clusters upright. Le- gumes sickle-shaped. Stem procumbent. Gravelly banks. If. 7. Fl. pale yellow, or green, occasionally violet. 3. M. lupulina, 14.971. (Black M. Nonsuch.) Spikes ovate, erect. Legumes kidney-shaped, rugged and veiny, single-seeded. Stem procumbent. Mead, and past. 0 . 5 — 8. Fl. small, bright yell. Legume black. 4. M. maculata, M. polymorpha, 23. 1616. (Spotted M.) Stalks two- or three-flowered. Leaflets inversely heart-shaped, spotted. Stipulas dilated, sharply toothed. Legumes spiral, depressed, fringed with long spreading bristles. Gravelly soil. 0.5,6. Prostrate. Fl. yellow. Legumes brown. 5. M. muriedta, Sm. Rees Cyclop, v. 23. n. 27. (Flat-toothed M.) Stalks barely three-flowered. Stipulas deeply toothed, hairy. Legumes even, with short depressed, radiating teeth, in a single row. Sea coast. 0. 6. Leafl. obovate, somewhat rhomboid, hairy. 152 POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. [CI. 18. r- 6. M. minima, Suppl.2635. (Little Bur M.) Stalks many-flowered. Stipulas half-ovate, nearly entire. Leaflets hairy. Legumes or bicular, with a double row of hooked spines. Sandy or chalky fields, rare. 0. 6, 7. Small, prostrate, densely downy. Fl. yellow. *7. M. denticulata, Suppl. 2634. (Reticulated M.) Nearly glabrous. Leaflets inversely heart-shaped. Stipulas laeiniated. Peduncles 2 — 5-flowered. Legumes broad, loosely spiral, and flat, reti- culated, with 1 — 3 convolutions ; the margin thin, keeled, with a double compact row of subulate curved prickles. Sandy banks, S. of Engl, and Norfolk. 0. 4—6. Legumes very beautiful, and quite different from any of the preceding. Class XVIII. POLYADELPHIA. Fila- ments combined, in more than two sets. Order I. POLYANDRIA. Stamens numerous. 369. HYPERICUM. Cal. inferior, in 5 deep divisions. Pet. 5. Filaments united at the base, into 3 or 5 parcels. Caps, with many seeds.- — N.O. Hypericine^e. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 369. HYPERICUM. St. John's-wort. [Herbs, or shrubs, perenn. L. simple, opposite. Slip. 0. Pet. yell.] 1. H. calycinum, 29. 2017- (Large-flowered St. J.) Flowers solitary. Styles five. Stem shrubby, branched, quadrangular. Segments of the calyx obovate, obtuse, permanently spreading. Leaves oblong. Bushy pi. in the W. ; native ? T? . 7—9. \f Fl. very large, gold. yell. 2. H. Androscemum, 18. 1225. (Tutsan, or Paik leaves.) Styles three. Capsule pulpy. Stem shrubby, compressed. Woods, rare. %. 7, 8. Fl. large, yellow. Fruit purplish-blach. 8. H. quadrangidum, 6. 370. (Square St. J. St. Peter's wort.) Styles three. Stem herbaceous, with four sharp angles. Leaves with copious pellucid dots. Segments of the calyx lanceolate. Moist mead, and thickets. If. 7, 8. Fl. small, lemon-col. 4. H. perforatum, 5. 295. (Perforated St. J.) Styles three. Stem two- edged. Leaves obtuse, with copious pellucid dots. Segments of the calyx lanceolate. Thickets. 2£. 7,8. Fl. bright yell., dotted and streaked with black. 5. H. dubium, 5. 296. (Imperforate S.) Styles three. Stem obscurely Ol'd. 1.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. 153 quadrangular. Leaves obtuse, almost without pellucid dots. Segments of the calyx elliptical. Mount, groves. IX. 7, 8. Young rad. shoots bright red. Fl. yellow. 6. H. humifusum, 18. 1226. (Trailing St. J.) Styles three. Flowers somewhat cymose. Stem compressed, prostrate. Leaves ellip- tical, smooth. Groves & past. If . 7. Stems slender. Ft. few, yell. Cal. leafy, ovate. 7. H. montanum, 6. 871. (Mountain St. J.) Styles three. Calyx with dense, prominent, glandular serratures. Stem erect, round, smooth. Leaves ovate, naked, clasping the stem. Mount, and bushy hills. If . 7. Stem simple, straight. Fl. lemon-col. 8. H. barbatum, 28. 1986. (Bearded St. J.J Styles three. Calyx and petals fringed and dotted. Leaves ovate, naked, dotted and glandular, clasping the stem. Bushy pi. Perthshire? If. 9. 10. Stem erect, a little angul. Pet. yellow, dotted. 9. H. hirsutum, 17. 1156. (Hairy St. J.) Styles three. Calyx lanceo- late, with glandular serratures. Stem erect, round. Leaves ovate, downy. Thickets on a dry soil. If .6,7. Stems hairy, straight. Fl. numer. yellow. 10. n.pidchrum, 18. 1227. (Upright St. J.; Styles three. Calyx ovate, with glandular serratures. Stem erect, round. Leaves clasping the stem, heart-shaped, smooth. Bushy pi. on a clay soil. IX. 7. Very smooth. Fl.yell.; extern, scarlet. 11. H. elodes,'2. 109. (Marsh St. J.; Styles three. Calyx obtuse, glandular. Stem procumbent, creeping, round, shaggy, like the roundish obtuse leaves. Panicle of few flowers. Mount, bogs. IX- 7, 8. Stems spongy. Fl. lemon-col. with green lines. Class XIX! SYNGENESIA. Anthers united into a tube. Flowers compound. [All the Genera belong to the Nat. Ord. Composite.] Order I. POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. Florets all perfect, each having 5 stamens and 1 pistil, and produc- ing 1 seed. Corolla of each floret ligulate. Semiflosculous. [Plants herbaceous, milky, bitter. L. alternate. Fl. generally yell. Florets all ligulate ; perfect and fertile.] 379. HYPOCHJeRIS. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down feathery. Calyx somewhat imbricated. u 2 ]54 S^NGENESIA. [CI. 19. 381. CICHORlUM. Recept. slightly chaffy. Down chaffy, shorter than the seed. Cal. double. 378. CRePIS. Recept. roughish. Down simple, partly stalked. Cal. double ; outermost lax, tumid, deciduous, 377. HIERACIUM. Recept. almost naked, dotted. Down simple, sessile. Cal. imbricated, ovate. 376. APARGIA. Recept. naked, dotted. Down feathery, sessile, unequal and various. Cal. double ; innermost imbricated. 371. PlCRlS. Recept. naked. Down feathery. Seeds furrowed transversely. Cal. double ; innermost equal : outer lax. 370. TRAGOPoGON. Recept. naked. Down stalked, feathery. Cal. simple, of several equal scales, in 2 rows. 375. LEoNTODON; Recept. naked. Down stalked, simple. Cal. imbricated, double ; scales of the outermost lax. 373. LACTUCA. Recept. naked. Down stalked, simple. Cal. im- bricated, simple, cylindrical ; scales membranous at the margin. 374. PRENANTHES. Recept. naked. Down nearly sessile, simple. Cal. double. Florets in a single row. 372. So NC H U S. Recept. naked. Down sessile, simple. Cal. simple, imbricated, swelling at the base. 380. LAPSANA. Recept. naked. DownO. Cal. double; innermost of equal channelled scales. ** Florets all tubular, with a Jive-cleft spreading limb. Capitate. [Stem mostly herbaceous. L. altern. often spinous. Fl. generally red or purple. Florets tubular only ; some neuter.] 387. CARLlNA. Calyx swelling ; outer scales spinous ; inner co- loured, polished, radiant. Recept. chaffy. Down feathery. 382. ARCTIUM. Cal. globose ; scales spinous, hooked, inflexed. 384. CARDUUS. Cal. tumid, imbricated ; scales spinous. Recept. hairy. Down deciduous, capillary, roughish. 385. CNlCUS. Cal. tumid, imbricated; scales spinous. Recept. hairy. Down deciduous, feathery. 386. ONOPoRDUM. Cal. tumid; scales spinous, spreading. Re- cept. cellular, somewhat chaffy. 383. SERRATULA. Cal. nearly cylindrical, imbricated ; scales unarmed. Down permanent. Centaur ea 1 . *** Florets all tubular, parallel, crowded, nearly on a level at the top. Discoid. [Plants herbaceous, sometimes shrubby. L. in some opposite. Fl. with the disk mostly yell. ; rays of the same, or of a diff. colour. Florets various in degree of perfection.] 3S9. EUPAToRIUM. Recept. naked. Down rough. Cal. imbri- cated, oblong. Style cloven half way down, prominent. Orel. 2.] SYNGENESIA. 155 390. CHRYSoCOMA. Recept. naked. Down rough. Cal. imbri- cated, hemispherical. Style scarcely longer than the florets. 388. BlDENS. Recept. chaffy. Down rough with reversed prickles. Cal. of many parallel, channelled scales. Cor. occasionally radiated. 391. DIoTIS. Recept. chaffy, with hairy-tipped scales. DownO. Cal. imbricated, hemispherical. Flo?'ets with 2 spurs, which border the seed. Tanecetum. Senecio 1. Aster 1. Anlhemis 2. Order II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Florets all fertile, though those of the circumference have no stamens. * Corolla of the marginal florets obsolete, or wanting. Discoid. 392. TANACeTUM. Recept.naked. Seed with a membranous crown. Cal. imbricated, hemispherical. Florets of the circumference 3-cleft, obsolete, sometimes wanting. 395. CONyZA. Recept. naked. Down rough. Cal. imbricated, roundish. Florets of the circumference 3-cleft. 394. GNAPHaLIUM. Recept. naked. Down rough, or feathery. Cal. imbricated ; scales filmy, coloured. Ft. of the circumf. awl-shaped. 393. ARTEMISIA. Recept. either naked or hairy. Down 0. Cal. imbricated ; scales rounded, converging. Fl. of the circumf. awl-shaped, entire. Tussilago 2. ** Corolla of the marginal florets ligulate. Radiant. 404. BeLLIS. Recept. naked, conical. DownO. Cal. hemispherical ; scales equal. Seed obovate. 407. MATRICARIA. Recept. naked, nearly cylindrical. DownO. Cal. nearly flat, imbricated ; scales membranous at the edges. 405. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Recept. naked, rather convex. Down 0. Cal. hemispherical, imbricated ; scales with a dilated mem- branous border. 406. PyRETHRUM. Recept. naked. Seed crowned with a border. Cal. hemispherical, imbricated ; scales rather acute, membra- nous at the edges. 403. DOR6NICUM. Recept. naked. Down simple ; wanting on the seeds of the radius. Cal. a double row of equal scales, longer than the disk. 401. INULA. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. imbricated. Flor. of the radius very numerous, linear. Anth. with two bristles at the base. 396. ERlGERON. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. imbricated. Florets of the radius numerous, linear, very narrow. Anthers simple. 156 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. [CI. 19. 400. SOLIDaGO. Recept. naked, pitted. Down simple. Cal. im- bricated, with close scales. Florets of the radius about 5. 399. ASTER. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. imbricated ; lowermost scales spreading. Flor. of the radius more than 10. 398. SENeCIO. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. double; the innermost cylindrical, of numerous equal scales ; outer of several minute ones ; scales all withered at the extremity. 397. TUSSILaGO. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. simple, tumid at the base; scales numerous, equal, somewhat mem- branous. Seed obovate, compressed. 402. CINERARIA. Recept. naked. Down simple. Cal. simple, cylindrical ; scales numerous, equal. Seed quadrangular. 408. ANTHEMIS. Recept. chaffy. Seed crowned with a slight border. Cal. hemispherical ; scales nearly equal. Flor. of the radius numerous, oblong. 409. ACHILLEA. Recept. chaffy. Down 0. Cal. ovate ; scales imbricated, unequal. Flor. of the radius 5 — 10, roundish, somewhat heart-shaped. Bidens 2. Order III. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA. Florets of the disk perfect and fertile ; those of the circumference neuter. 410. CENTAUReA. Recept. bristly. Down simple, or feathery, rarely wanting. Flor. of the radius funnel-shaped, dilated, irregular, without stamens or style. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA JEQUALIS. 370. TRAGOP6GON. Goat's-beard. 1 . T. pratensis, 7. 434. (Yellow G.) Calyx about equal to the co- rolla. Leaves keeled, tapering ; dilated and somewhat undu- lated at the base. Flower-stalk cylindrical. Grassy past. $ . 6. Smooth. juicy, H — %f- Fl. yell, opening early. *1. T. major, Jacq. Austr. t. 29. (Greater G.) Calyx more than half as long again as the yellow corollas. Leaves smooth, acumi- nated, channelled. Flower-stalk swelling upwards. Past, in the N., rare. $ . 6, 7. Fl. yellow. 2. T. porrif alius, 9. 638. (Purple G.) Calyx half as long again as the corolla. Leaves tapering, straight. Flower-stalk swelling upwards. Wet past. rare. $ . 5, 6. Smooth, juicy, 4.f. Dull purple. 371. PlCRIS. Ox-tongue. 1. P. echioides, 14. 972. (Bristly O.) Outer calyx of five broad Ol'd. 1.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 157 pricklv scales. Down stalked. Leaves wavy. — Helminthia ech. Br. Fl. Hedges and fields, on a clay soil. 0. 6, 7. Bristly. FL goldenyell. 2. P. hieracioides, 3. 19G. (Haukweed O.) Outer calyx of numerous scales, much shorter than the inner. Leaves lanceolate, wavy ; radical ones toothed. Down sessile. Stem rough. Dry gravelly or chalky soil. $ . 7, 8. Bough, dark green. Fl. yell. 372. SoNCHUS. Sow-thistle. 1. S. caruleus, 34. 2425. (Blue S.) Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, racemose. Leaves somewhat Ivratc ; their terminal lobes trian- gular and very large. — S. alpinus, Br. FL Mts. of Aberdeensh. and Clova. If. 7, 8. FL large. Cal. brown. Cor. fine blue. 2. S.palustris, 13. 935. (Marsh S.) Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, somewhat umbellate. Leaves runcinate, rough-edged ; arrow- shaped at the base. Marshes, very rare. If.. 7, 8. 6 — 8^! Cal. black. Cor. lemon-col. 3. S. arvensis, 10. 674. (Corn S.) Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, somewhat umbellate. Leaves runcinate, finely toothed, heart- shaped at the base. Root creeping. Fields, on a clay soil. If. 8. 3 — 4 f. Cal. black. Cor. large, deep yell. 4. S. oleraceus, 12. 843. (Common S.) Flower-stalks cottony. Calyx smooth. Leaves runcinate, toothed. — /J. asper. Leaves with rounded auricles, lower ones sessile. Fruit ribbed. S. asper, Suppl. 2765 and 2766. Waste and cult. gr. 0 . 7 — 9. Varying much. Cal. green. Cor. yell. 373. LACTuCA. Lettuce. 1. L. virosa, 28. 1957. (Strong-scented L.) Leaves horizontal, finely toothed ; the keel prickly. Chalky banks. $ . 8, 9. Dark green, juicy, fetid. Fl. small, pale yell. 2. L. Scariola, 4. 268. (Prickly L.) Leaves perpendicular, sinuated, finely toothed ; the keel prickly. Waste gr. rare. $ . 8. Glauc. milky, less fetid. Fl. small, lemon-col. 3. L. saligna, 10. 707. (Least L.) Leaves linear; hastate or pinna- tifid, entire, sessile ; the keel prickly. Waste chalky gr. $ .8. Slender. Stem wavy, 2 f. L. glauc. Fl.yell. 374. PRENaNTHES. Wall-lettuce. 1. P. muralis, 7.457. (Ivy-leaved W.) Florets 5. Leaves runcinate. Walls, or woods, on a chalky soil. If. 7. Smooth, brittle. Fl.yell. 375. LE6NTODON. Dandelion. 1. L. Taraxacum, 8. 510. (Common D.) Outer scales of the calyx reflexed. Leaves runcinate, toothed, smooth. Mead, and past. If. 4 — 7. Leaves a perfect exampleofthe runcinate form. Fl. solitary, large, yellow. 2. L. patustre,8.553. (Marsh D.) Outer scales of the calyx shorter, imbricated, ovate. Leaves sinuated and toothed, not quite smooth. 158 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA JEgUALlS. [CI. 19. Low boggy mead. If. 6, 7. Smaller. Fl. stained with red outside. — A var. of L. Tar ax. 376. APARGIA. Hawkbit. 1. A. hispida, Hedypnois hisp. 8. 554. (Hough H.) Stalks naked, single-flowered. Leaves runcinate, rough. Florets hairy at their orifice ; glandular at the tip. Seeds scarcely beaked, all with feathery down. Chalky past. If . 7. R. tapering. Fl. yellow. Seeds uniform, slender. 2. A. hirta, Hedyp. hirta, 8. 555. (Deficient H.) Stalks naked, single-flowered. Leaves toothed, rough. Calyx nearly smooth. Outer row of seeds crowned with scales only. — Thrincia hirt., Br. Fl. Grav. past. If. 7 8. R. abrupt. Fl. smaller, red beneath, without hairs. 3. A. Tardxaci, Hedyp. Tar. 16. 1 109. (Dandelion H.) Stalks mostly single-flowered ; tumid and hairy at the summit. Leaves smooth, runcinate. Calyx shaggy. Moist mountainous sit. If .8. Various in appearance. Hairs blackish. 4. A. autumnalis, H. aut. 12. 830. (Autumnal H.) Common stalk branched ; partial ones scaly. Leaves lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid, nearly smooth. Mead, and past. If. 8. Fl. small, numerous. Cal. a little downy . 377. HIERACIUM. Hawk-weed. * Stalk radical, naked, single-flowered. 1. H. alpinum, 16. 1110. (Alpine H.) Leaves oblong, undivided, somewhat toothed. Stalk almost leafless, single-flowered. Calyx shaggy. Dry rocky mount. If. 7. Hairy all over. Fl. large, golden yell. 2. H. Pilosella, 16. 1093. (Mouse-ear H.) Leaves elliptical, entire ; cottony beneath. Scyons creeping. Stalks single-flowered, naked. Mead. If. 5 — 7. L. hoary beneath. Florets lemon-col. with a red stripe outside. ** Stalk radical, naked, many-flowered. 3. H. diibium, 33. 2332. (Branching Mouse-ear H.) Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, obtuse, nearly entire, besprinkled with coarse hairs. Scyons creeping, elongated. Stalk nearly smooth, loosely corym- bose. Calyx bristly. Moist mountainous sit. rare. If. 7, 8. L glauc. beneath. Fl. lemon-col. 4. H. Auricula, 33. 2368. (Orange Mouse-ear H.) Leaves lanceo- late, acute, nearly entire, coarsely hairy. Scyons scarcely so long as the leaves. Stalk downy and hairy, corymbose. Calyx shaggy. Mts. Westmoreland. If . 7, 8. L. green onboth sides. Fl. orange-yell. 5. H. aurantiacum, 21. 1469. (Orange H.) Leaves elliptical, acute, Ol'd. 1.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA JEOUALIS. 159 entire. Stalk almost leafless, hairy, densely corymbose, many- flowered. Calyx shaggy. Elevated woods. 2/ . 6, 7. Larger. FL deep orange-coloured. *** Stem leafy. 6. H. murdrum, 29. 2082. (Wall H.) Stem corymbose, with a soli- tary leaf. Leaves ovate-heart-shaped, wavy, with radiating teeth chiefly at the base. Rocks, and old walls. "If. 6. L. broad, glauc-green. FL large, yell. 7. H. maculdtum, 30. 2121. (Stained-leaved H.) Stem cymose, many-leaved, tubular. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, strongly toothed ; teeth pointing forward. Rocks & mount. "If . 6. Larger. L. darkgreen, spotted with black. 8. H. sylvaticum, 29. 2031. (Wood H.) Stem simply racemose, many-leaved, solid. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed chiefly about the base ; teeth pointing forward. Dry woods, banks, or old walls. If.. 6, 7. More slender, pale. FL smaller. 9. H. pulmonarium, 33. 2307. (Lungwort H.) Stem somewhat corymbose, solid, slightly leafy. Leaves lanceolate, deeply and unequally toothed throughout ; teeth pointing forward. Rocks near riv. in Scot. 11.1. L. clouded with purplish-brown. 10. H. Lawsoni, 29. 2083. (Glaucous H.) Stem remotely and simply branched, solid ; slightly leafy. Radical leaves stalked, elliptic- lanceolate, decurrent, glaucous, fringed, nearly entire. Mount, and rocks. If . 7. Stems erect or spreading ; 1 — 2f. FL very large, lemon-coloured. 11. H. paludosum, \6. 1094. (Marsh H.) Stem angular, tubular, leafy, smooth, corymbose. Leaves smooth, toothed, clasping the stem with their heart-shaped base. Calyx hairy. Moist elevated sit. If.. 7. Smooth, intensely bitter. FL yellow. 12. H. molle, 31. 2210. (Soft-leaved H.) Stem angular, tubular, leafy, downy, corymbose. Leaves lanceolate, slightly toothed, clasping the stem ; lower ones stalked, elliptical, and obtuse. Scot, woods. If . 7, 8. A little hairy, slender. Fl.full golden yell. 13. H. cerinthoides, 34. 2378. ( Honey wort-leaved H.) Stem solid, leafy, corymbose, somewhat angular. Leaves hairy, slightly toothed ; the uppermost ovate, pointed, clasping ; radical ones elliptic-oblong, with shaggy fringed footstalks. Rocks in Scot. "If. 8. Larger. L. a little glauc. ; smooth above. *13. H. amplexicaule, Suppl. 2690, (Amplexicaul H.) Glanduloso- pilose. Stem corymbose. Leaves toothed ; radical ones ob- long-ovate ; cauline ones heart-shaped at the base, amplexicaul. Naturalized, on old walls at Oxford, and at Cliesh, Scotland. Clova mountains ? If. 8. Clothed with brownish glandular hairs. 14. H. villosum,34. 2379. (Shaggy H.) Stem tubular, leafy, shaggy, with very few flowers. Leaves oblong, wavy, unequally toothed, shaggy as well as the calyx. Seeds angular. Moist alp. rocks. If . 8. Very shaggy. FL large>lem.-coL nearly solit. 160 SYNGENESTA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. [CI. 19. 15. H. Halleri, Hook. Scot. 229. (Hallerian Dwarf H.) Stem erect, with one or two flowers, slightly leafy. Leaves hairy, lower ones obovate-oblong, stalked, toothed ; upper lanceolate, much diminished. Calyx shaggy. High!, of Scot. If. 7, 8. Cal. dark. Fl. of a full golden yellow. 16. H. sabdudum, 5. 349. (Shrubby H.) Stem erect, copiously leafy, many-flowered. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply toothed, rough- edged, somewhat clasping, hairy beneath. Woods & thick. If. 8, 9. Aspect shrubby. Stems 2 — Sf. wand-like. 17. H. denticuldtum, 30. 2122. (Small-toothed H.) Stem erect, leafy, solid, many-flowered, cymose, with downy glandular stalks. Leaves sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, finely toothed, smoothish ; glaucous beneath. Woods, S. of Scot. 14. 8, 9. L. thin, with smooth edges. Fl. yellow, IS. H. prenanthoides, 32. 2235. (Rough-bordered H.) Stem erect, leafy, solid, many-flowered, corymbose, with downy glandular stalks. Leaves somewhat toothed, clasping, rough near the edge ; glaucous beneath ; upper ones heart-shaped. Woods and thickets in Scot. 14 . 8. Like the last. Stem 3 f leafy. 19. H. umbelldtum, 25. 1771. (Narrow-leaved H.) Stem erect, leafy, almost solid, imperfectly umbellate. Leaves scattered, linear, slightly toothed, nearly smooth as well as the calyx. Shady rocky sit. 14. 8, 9. Stem 2 — 3f. L. very narrow. Cal. smooth. 378. CRePIS. Hawk's-beard. 1. C fcetida. 4. 406. (Stinking H.) Leaves hairy, pinnatifid, with reversed teeth ; on toothed footstalks. Stem hairy. Calyx downy. — Borkhausia feet. Br. Fl. Chalky past. rare. $ . 6, 7- Smell of bitter almonds. Fl. lemon-col. ; red outside. 2. C.pulchra, 33.2325. (Small-flowered H.) Leaves downy, toothed ; radical ones obovate ; the rest somewhat arrow-shaped and clasping. Panicle corymbose, spreading. Calyx pyramidal, * smooth. — Prenanthes hieraciifolia, Br. Fl. Rocky hills in Scot. rare. 0 . 6—9. Slender, spread. Fl. small,yell. 3. C. virens, C. tectorum, 16. 1111. (Smooth H.) Radical leaves runcinate ; the rest clasping, lanceolate, and toothed. Stem smooth. Calyx rough. Seed-down sessile. Dry pastures, and roofs. 0.6 — 9. Various in appearance, smooth- ish. Fl. small, yellow. (" The true C. virens, L." Babington.) 4. C. biennis, 3. 149. (Rough H.) Leaves pinnatifid, runcinate, rough ; their lobes toothed in front. Calyx somewhat bristly and downy. Chalky past. $ . 6,7. 3 — 4 f hollow. Fl. corymbose,large, lemon-col* 379. HYPOCH.ERIS. Cat's-ear. 1. H. maculdta, 4. 225. (Spotted C.) Stem solitary, nearly naked, almost simple. Leaves ovate-oblong, undivided, toothed. Chalky hills. 14. 7. L. rovgh, spotted. Fl. large, yellow. Ord. 1.1 SYNGENESIA rOLYGAMIA JEOUALIS. 161 -J *V 2. H. glabra, 8. 575. (Smooth C.) Nearly smooth. Calyx oblong-, regularly imbricated. Stems branched, somewhat leafy. Leaves toothed or sinuated. Down of the marginal seeds sessile. Gravelly gr. 0. 6 — 8. Various in size. FL small, bright yellow. 3. H. radiedta, 12. 831. (Long-rooted C.) Leaves runcinate, blunt- ish, rough. Stems branched, naked, smooth. Flower-stalks scaly. Down of all the seeds stalked. Past, and waste gr. If. 6 — 8. L. depressed. FL large, bright yell. 380. LAPSANA. Nipple-wort. 1. L. communis, 12. 844. (Common N.) Calyx of the fruit angular. Stem branched, panicled, leafy. Leaves ovate, stalked, toothed. Flower-stalks cylindrical, even. Waste or cult. gr. 0.6 — 8. Stem solit. 2—3/ FL yellow. 2. L. pusilla, Hvoseris minima, 2. 95. (Dwarf N.) Stalks radical, leafless, subdivided ; swelling and tubular at the summit. Leaves obovate, rough-edged, toothed. Gravelly fields. 0.6. L. depressed. FL small, yellowish. 381. CICHORlUM. Succory. 1 . C. Intybus, 8. 539. (Wild S.) Flowers in pairs, both nearly sessile. Leaves runcinate. Chalky or grav. soil. V- . 7, 8. Stem 3f. rough, tough. FL blue. 382 ARCTIUM. Burdock. 1. A. Lappa, 18. 1228. (Common B.) Leaves stalked, heart-shaped, wavy, without prickles. Calyx when in seed nearly smooth. Waste gr. $ . 7, 8. Bushy. Cal. globose, sticking. FL purple. 2. A. Bdrdana, 35. 2478. (Woolly-headed B.) Leaves stalked, heart-shaped, nearly entire and even, without prickles. Calyx when in seed cottony. Waste gr. 0 . 7, 8. Cal. globose, var. in size and woolliness. Var. of A. Lapp. 383. SERRiTULA. Saw-wort. 1. S. tinctoria, 1. 38. (Common S.) Leaves with copious bristly ser- ratures, pinnatifid, somewhat lyrate ; terminal lobe largest. Seed- down roughish. Woods and thickets. %. 7, 8. L. smooth. FL purple. 2. S. alp'ina, 9. 599. (Alpine S.) Leaves undivided, distantly toothed, cottony beneath. Calyx rather ovate, finely downy. Seed-down feathery. — Saussurea alp. Br. FL Alpine rocks. If. 7, 8. Stem, simple, woolly. Fl.pink, with blue anth. 384. CiRDUUS. Thistle. * Leaves decurrent. 1. C. nutans, 16. 1112. (Musk Th.) Leaves interruptedly decurrent, spinous. Flowers solitary, drooping. Calyx-scales lanceolate, their upper part spreading. 162 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. [CI. 19. Grav. & chalky sit. 0. 7, 8. Stem 2f. Fl. large, purp. Scent musky. 2. C. acanthoides, 14. 973. (Welted Th.) Leaves decurrent, sinuated, verv spinous. Flowers aggregate, somewhat stalked. Calyx globose ; scales linear, partly recurved. Dry waste gr. 0. 6, 7. Green, 3f. Fl. purplish-crimson, smaller. 3. C. tenuijlorus, 6. 412. (Slender-flowered Th.) Leaves decurrent, sinuated, spinous. Flowers aggregate, sessile. Calyx nearly cy- lindrical ; scales ovate at the base ; somewhat recurved at the point. Dry gr. chiefly near the sea. 0 . 6, 7. White, cottony, 4f. Fl.palepurp. ** Leaves sessile. 4. C. maridnus, 14.976. (Milk Th.) Leaves wavy, spinous, clasping the stem ; radical ones pinnatifid. Calyx-scales leafy, recurved, channelled ; spinous at the margin. Banks. ©. 6, 7. L. shining green, with white veins. Fl. largey purp. 385. CNlCUS. Plume-thistle. * Leaves decurrent. Stem winged. 1. Cn. lanceoldtus, Carduus lane. 2. 107. (Spear P.) Leaves decur- rent, pinnatifid, hispid, with variously-spreading spinous lobes. Calyx ovate, shaggy. Stem furrowed, hairy. Waste gr. $ . 6 — 9. Stem 4 f. Fl. erect, large, crimson. 2. Cn. palustris, Card. pal. 14. 974. (Marsh P.) Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, toothed, spinous, rough. Flowers aggregate. Calyx ovate, minutely spinous, nearly smooth. Moist mead. $ .7, 8. Prickly, straight, dark-green,3 — 6f. Fl.purp. ** Leaves sessile, or partially decurrent. Stem not winged. 3. Cn. arvensis, Card. arv. 14. 975. (Creeping P.) Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, spinous, nearly smooth. Stem panicled, solid. Calyx ovate ; outer scales spinous. Root creeping, tuberous. Fields, and way sides. 2£. 7. Stems 3 — if. FL erect, pale purp. 4. Cn. Forsteri, (Branching Bog P.) Leaves slightly decurrent, pin- natifid, spinous ; downy beneath. Stem panicled, hollow. Calyx ovate, rather cottony ; outer scales spinous. Boggy woods, y.. 7, 8. Stem erect, 3 — 4f. Fl. 2 or 3 together, deep crimson. 5. Cn. eriophorus, Card, erioph. 6. 386. (Woolly-headed P.) Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, with two-ranked spinous segments ; bristly above. Calyx globular, densely woolly, leafy at the base. Grav. and chalky sit. $ . 8. Bushy. Fl. very large. Col. clothed with cottony wool, like a dense cobweb. 6. Cn. tuberosus, 36. 2562. (Tuberous P.) Leaves deeply pinnatifid, lobed, fringed with prickles ; lower ones on long stalks. Stem almost single-flowered, without wings or prickles. Calyx-scales minutely spinous, nearly smooth. Copse, Greatridge, Wilts. %. 8. H. creep., tuber. Cal.a little cottony. 7. Cn. heterophyllus, Card. het. 10. 675. (Melancholy P.) Leaves clasping the stem, fringed ; undivided or pinnatifid ; very smooth Ord. 1.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA JEQUAL1S. ] G3 above ; densely cottony beneath. Stem downy, al nost single- flowered. Moist mount, past. 2/ . 7, 8. R. creeping. L. white beneath. 8. Cn. pratensis, Card. prat. 3. 177- (Meadow P.) Leaves lanceo- late, wavy or lobed, fringed with prickles ; loosely cottony be- neath. Stem downy, slightly leafy, single-flowered. Calyx cottony, with tapering sharp scales. Humid past. If.. 6. R.fibr. Cat. clothed with loose cobweb-like down. 9. Cn. acaulis, Card, acaul. 3. 161. (Dwarf P.) Stalks radical, sin- gle-flowered, shorter than the smooth calyx. Grav. or chalky soil. If. 7, 8. Stem 0. L. depressed. Fl. a fine crims. 386. ONOPoRDUM. Cotton-thistle. 1. O. Acdnihium, 14. 977. (Common C.) Calyx-scales awl-shaped, spreading in every direction. Leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, woolly on both sides. Waste grav. gr. $ . 7, 8. bf Covered with a white cottony pubescence. 387. CARLlNA. Carline-thistle. 1. C. vulgaris, 16. 114-4. (Common C.) Stem corymbose, many- flowered. Flowers terminal. Outer calyx-scales pinnatifid ; inner whitish . Dry sandy past. i,reveised. 2 M Loes'elii Ophrys Loes. 1. 47. (Two-leaved B.) Leaves two, 2' e%Mtey Stalk triangular. Petals lineai Lip obovate channelled, undivided, recurved, longer than the calyx.-Lipans Loes. Br. Fl. 176 MONOECIA MONANDRIA. [CI. 21. Sandy bogs, S. E, of Engl. 1£. 7. Larger in every part. Cal.pale lemon. Pet. deeper yell. 420. CORALLORRHfZA. Coral-root. 1. C. inndta, Ophrys cor. 22. 1547. (Spurless C.) Spur of the nectary short, not distinct from the slightly three-lobed lip. Root copiously branched. Marshy woods in Scot, very rare. If.. 5, 6. A span high. Fl.pale, yellowish ; fragrant when dry. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 421. CYPRIPeDIUM. Lady's Slipper. C. Calceolus, 1. 1. (Common L.) Stem leafy. Appendage to the column elliptical, obtuse, channelled. Lip somewhat compressed, shorter than the petals. Woods, N. of Engl, very rare. If. 6. \f Lip swollen, large, yellow; the rest of the flower a dark rich brown. GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA. 422. ARISTOLoCHIA. Birthwort. 1. A. Clematitis, 6. 398. (Common B.) Leaves heart-shaped. Stem erect. Flowers aggregate, axillary, upright. Calyx unilateral. Thickets, and among ruins. If.. 7, 8. Smooth, If. Fl.pale yell. Class XXI. MONOECIA. Stamens and Pistils in separate flowers, on the same plant. Order I. MONANDRIA. Stamen 1. 423. EUPHORBIA. Involucrum with numerous barren fl. and 1 fertile. Barr.fl. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Fert. Fl. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Caps. 3-lobed. Styles 3, cloven. — N.O. Euphorbiace.*:. 424. ZANNICHeLLIA. Lnvol. 0. Barrenfi. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Fert.fl. Cal. of 1 leaf. Cor. 0. Germ. 4, or more. Seeds 4, stalked. Stigmas peltate. — N.O. Naiades. Callitriche. Chara ? Zostera f Typha minor. Ord. 4.] MONOECIA PENTANDKIA. 177 (DIANDRIA. Stamens 2.) Car ex » Order II. TRIANDRIA. Stamens 3. 426. SPARGANIUM. Barren fl. Cat. 3-leaved. Cor. 0. Fert. Fl. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 0. Drupa dry.— N.O. Aroide^e. 427. CAREX. Barr. Fl. Catk. imbricated. Cal. a scale. Cor. 0. Fert. Fl. Catkin imbric. Cal. a scale. Cor. a hollow perma- nent glume, investing the loose seed. — N.O. Cyperacea:. 428. KOBReSIA. Barr.fi. Catkin with opposite scales, imbri- cated, in 2 rows. Cal. an inner scale. Cor. 0. Fert.fi. Cal. an outer scale. Cor. 0. Seed 1 , loose. — N.O. Cyperace^e. 425. TyPHA. Barr.fi. Catkin hairy. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. ^/M. about three on each filament. Fert. fl. Catkin hairy. Seed 1, on a hairy stalk. — N.O. Aroide^e. Amaranthus. Order III. TETRANDRIA. Stamens 4. 429. LITTOReLLA. Barr.fi. 4-leaved. Cor. 4-cleft. £*«m. capillary, very long-. Fert. Fl. Cal. 0. Cor. unequally 3- or 4-cleft. Style very long. Nut of 1 cell. — N.O. Plantagine^e. 432. URTlCA. Barr.fi. Cal. 4-leaved. Pet. 0. Nect. central, cup-shaped. Stam. the length of the calyx. Fert.fi. Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 0. Seed 1, superior, polished. — N.O. Urtice^e. 431. BuXUS. Barr.fi. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 2. Rudiment of a germen. Fert. fl. Cal. 4-leaved. Pet. 3. Styles 3. Caps, with 3 beaks, and 3 cells. Seeds 2. — N.O. Euphorbiace;e. 430. ALNUS. Barr.fl. Cal. the scale of a catkin, permanent, 3- flowered. Cor. deeply 4-cleft. — N.O. Amentace^e. Fert.fi. Cal. the scale of a catkin, permanent, 2-flowered. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut compressed, without wings. — N.O. Amentace-s:. Eriocaulon. Myrica. Order. IV PENTANDRIA. Stamens 5. 433. XaNTHIUM. Barr.fl. Common Cal. imbricated, many- flowered, with intermediate scales. Cor. of 1 petal, funnel- shaped, 5-cleft. Fert. fl. Cal of 2 leaves, with 2 flowers. Cor. 0. Drupa i2 178 MONOECIA. [CI. 21. spurious, coated with the prickly calyx, cloven. Nut of 2 cells. — N.O. Composite. 434. AMARaNTHUS. Barr.Jl. Cal. of 3 or 5 leaves. Cor. 0. Stam. 3. or 5. Fert.fi. Cal. of 3 or 5 leaves. Cor. 0. Styles 3 or 2. Caps. of 1 cell, bursting all round. Seed 1 — N.O. Amaran- thace^e:. 435. BRYONIA. Barr. fi. Cal. with 5 teeth. Cor. 5-cleft. Filam. 3. Anih. 5. Fert. fi. Cal. with 5 teeth, deciduous. Cor. 5-cleft. Style 3-cIeft. Berry inferior. Seeds few. — N.O. Cucurbit ace^e. Fagus. Quercus. Atriplex. Order V. HEXANDRIA. Stam. 6. 436. ERIOCaULON. Common Cal. imbricated, many-flowered. Barr. fi. in the middle. Cor. in 6 or 4 deep segments. Stam. 6, 4, or 3. Fert.fi. in the circumf. Pet. 6 or 4. Style 1. Caps, supe- rior, 2- or 3-lobed. aS^c^s solitary. — N.O. Restiace^e. Rumices. Quercus. Order VI. POLY AND RI A. Stam. 7, or more. 438. MYRIOPHyLLUM. Barr.Jl. Cal. 4-leaved. Pet. 4. 57am. 8. Fert.fi. Cal. 4-leaved. Pe£. 5. Stigm. 4, sessile. Drupas 4. — N.O. Halorage^e. 441. POTeRIUM,92. Barr.Jl. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. deeply 4-cleft. Stam. 30—50. Fert.fi. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. deeply 4-cleft. Pw^. lor 2. Nut coated, of 1 or 2 cells. — N.O. Rosacea. 439. SAGITTARIA. Barr. fi. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Stam. about 24. Fert.fi. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Pist. numerous. Seeds numerous, bordered. — N.O. Alismace^e. 437. CERATOPHYLLUM. Barr.Jl. Cal. many-cleft. Cor.O. Stam. 16—20. Fert. fi. Cal. many-cleft. Cor. 0. Stigm. nearly sessile, oblique. Drupa compressed. — N.O. Ceratophylle^e. 443. FA.GUS. Barr.Jl. in a catkin. Cal. in several segments. Cor. 0. Stam. 5—20. Fert.fi. Cal. double ; outer inferior, prickly, in several deep segments, 2- or 3-flowered ; inner superior, 5- or 6-cleft. Cor. 0. Styles 5 or 6. Nuts 2 or 3, loosely invested with the spreading outer calyx. — N.O. Amentaceje. 442. QUERCUS. Barr.Jl. in a catkin. Cal. in several segments. Cor. 0. Stam. 8 or more. Fert. ft. Cal. double ; outer inferior, scaly, undivided ; in- ner superior, in 6 deep segm. Cor.O. Style I. Nut soli- Ord. 1.] MONOECIA MONANDRIA. 179 tary, closely invested, at its base, with the hemispherical outer calyx. — N.O. Amentace^e. 446. CoRYLUS. Barr.fl.m* catkin. Cal. a 3-cleft scale. Cor. 0. Stam. 8 or more. Fert.fi. Cal. double ; outer inferior, divided; inner supe- rior, obsolete. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut solitary, bony, in- vested with the enlarged, coriaceous, jagged outer calyx. — N.O. Amentace^e. 445. CARPfNUS. Barren fl. in a catkin. Cal. a rounded scale. Cor. 0. Stam. 10, or more. Fert.fi. Cal. double ; outer inferior, of several deciduous scales ; inner superior, in three deep, sharp segm., per- manent. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut ovate, angular, naked. — N.O. Amentace^e. 444. BeTULA. Barr.fi. in a catkin. Cal. a ternate scale. Cor. 0. Stam. 10—12. Fert. fl. in a catkin. Cal. a peltate, 3-lobed, 3-flowered scale. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Nut winged, deciduous. — N.O. Amentace,e. 440. ARUM. Common Cal. a sheathing leaf, enclosing a common stalk, naked above. Cor. 0. Barr.fi. Stam. numerous, in a dense ring, surmounted by another ring of abortive filaments. Fert.fi. Germens numerous, in a dense ring, below the stamens, sessile. Styles 0. Stigma downy. Berry with several seeds. — N.O. Aroide/e. Order VII. MONADELPHIA. Filam. united below. 437. PlNUS. Barr.fi. in a catkin, naked. Stam. numerous, on a common stalk. Fert. fl. in a catkin, of close, rigid, 2-lipped, 2-flowered scales. Seeds 2 to each scale, winged — N.O. Conifers. Typha ? MONOECIA MONANDRIA. 423. EUPHORBIA. Spurge. [Herbaceous or shrubby, abounding with white, milky, acrid juice. Stem round, leafy. L. simple, sometimes downy.] * Stem forked. 1. E. Peplis, 28. 2002. (Purple S.) Leaves nearly entire, half-heart- shaped. Involucrums solitary, axillary. Stems procumbent. Capsule smooth. Sandy sea-shores, in the S. 0.7, 8. Glauc. tinged with purple. 180 MONOECIA MONANDRIA. [CI. 21. ** Umbel of 3 branches. 2. E. Peplus, 14, 959. (Petty S.) Umbel three-branched, forked. Bracteas ovate. Leaves obovate, stalked, entire. Nectaries cres- cent-shaped. Seeds dotted. Cult. gr. 0 . 7, 8. Erect; 6 — 10m. light green. Fl. small, yellowish. 3. E. exigua, 19. 1336. (Dwarf S.) Umbel three-branched, forked. Bracteas lanceolate. Leaves linear. Nectaries horned. Seeds wrinkled. Gravelly fields. ©. 7. Small; 3 — 5 in. Fl. yellowish. Umb. some- times of '4 or 5 branches. *** Umbel of 4: branches. 4. E. Ldthyris, 32. 2255. (Caper S) Umbel 4-branched, forked. Leaves opposite, 4-ranked, sessile, entire ; heart-shaped at the base. Thickets, rare, naturalized. $ .5,6. Erect ; 2 — 3 f. purplish. Fl. in the forks. **** Umbel of 5 branches. 5. E. portldndica, 7. 441. (Portland S.) Umbel five-branched, forked. Bracteas slightly heart-shaped, concave. Leaves linear- obovate, pointed, smooth, spreading. Nectaries four. Capsule rough at the angles. Sea-coast in the S. If . 8. About \f. glauc. Nect. 4, crescent-sh. 6. E. pardlia, 3. 195. (Sea S.) Umbel about five-branched, forked. Bracteas heart-kidney-shaped. Leaves imbricated upwards, con- cave. Nectaries five. Capsule nearly smooth. Sandy sea-coast. 1£. 8, 9. Glauc. 1 f. Nect. 5, crescent-shaped. 7. E. helioscopia, 13. 883. (Sun S. Wart- wort.) Umbel of five three- cleft, then forked, branches. Bracteas and leaves obovate, ser- rated. Nectaries four, undivided. Capsule smooth. Cult. gr. 0. 7, 8. Deep green, 6 — 10 in. Nect. yellowish. 8. E. stricta, 5. 333. E. platyphylla, Br. Fl. (Upright Warty S.) Umbel of about five three-cleft, then forked, branches. Leaves lanceolate, finely serrated. Nectaries four, rounded, entire. Cap- sule warty. Seeds smooth. Fields. 0. 7, 8. Light green, 6 — 15 in. Br. and divisions fewer in weak plants. ***** Umbel of 6 or more branches. 9. E. Esula, 20. 1399. (Leafy -branched S.) Umbel of numerous forked branches. Bracteas nearly heart-shaped. All the leaves uniform. Nectaries rhomboid, with two horns. Capsule smooth. Shady woods, rare : wild? If.. 7. Green, 12 — 18 in. L. linear-obov. Nect. tawny. 10. E. Cyparhsias, 12. 840. (Cypress S.) Umbel of numerous, forked branches. Bracteas somewhat heart-shaped. Stem-leaves lan- ceolate ; those of the lateral branches linear and very narrow. Nectaries lunate. Capsule nearly smooth. Ord. 2.] MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 181 Grov. and barr. pi. : wild ? If. 5, 6. Habit like the last. Bract, at length scarlet. 11. E. hiberna, 19. 1337. (Irish S.) Umbel of six forked branches. Bracteas ovate. Leaves obtuse. Stem simple. Nectaries kidnev- shaped, pointless. Capsule warty, erect. Fields and woods ; S. of Ir. If. 6. 2 f. Nect. tawny purple. *\\. E.pilosa, Suppl.2787. (Hairy S.)'Umbel of 3— 5 principal rays ; with several scattered inferior ones. Bracteas broadly oval, entire ; and, as well as the elliptical finely serrated leaves, hairy, or glabrous. Glands of the involucre 4, transversely oval, with intermediate rounded lobes. Capsule warty or even, hairy or smooth. Seeds glossy, even. Hedges and woods, S. of Engl. ; naturalized. If. . 7. 2— 3 f. high. 12. E. amygdaloides, 4. 256. (Wood S.) Umbel of about six forked branches ; with numerous axillary stalks beneath. Bracteas rounded, perfoliate. Leaves obtuse, hairy. Capsule smooth. Woods. If. . 3, 4. Shrubby, purplish, downy. Nect. lunate, yellow. 13. E. Chardcias, 7. 442. (Red Shrubby S.) Umbel of numerous forked downy branches ; with many axillary crowded stalks beneath. Bracteas somewhat pointed, perfoliate. Leaves lanceo- late, downy. Capsule hairy. Needwood Forest, Staffords., not indig. T? . 3, 4. Shrub, 3 f. purplish-brown. L. evergreen. 424. ZANNICHeLLIA. Homed-pondweed. 1. Z. palustris,26. 1844. (Common H.) Anther of two, or four cells. Stigma entire, or toothed. Leaves linear. Ponds & ditch. 0 . 7. Stem float, thread-sh. branched, leafy, 1 2 — 1 8 in. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 425. TyPHA. CatVtail, or Reed-mace. 1. T. latifolia, 21. 1455. (Great C.) Leaves somewhat convex beneath. Catkin continuous. Receptacle hairy. Ponds and ditches. If. 7. Smooth, 6f. erect ; leafy at bottom only. L. upright, linear. Catk. 1 f. 2. T. angustifolia, 21. 145G. (Lesser C.) Leaves slightly semi- cylindrical ; channelled above. Barren catkin separated from the fertile one. Receptacle scaly. Ponds and ditches, less freq. If. 6, 7. Like the last, but smaller and more slender. 3. T. minor, 21. 1457. (Dwarf C.) Leaves linear, convex beneath. Catkins a little distant ; barren one leafy ; fertile short and tur- gid ; often interrupted. Anthers nearly solitary. Receptacle naked. Marshes, rare : not British. If. 7. 1 — !£/. slender, 192 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. [CI. 21. 426. SPARGANIUM. Bur-reed. 1. S. ramosum, 11. 744. (Branched B.) Leaves triangular at the base, with concave sides. Common flower-stalk branched. Stigma linear. • Watery pi. If. 7, 8. Stem erect, 3f. Balls of fl. alternate ; the barren ones white, above the rest. 2. S. simplex, 1 1. 745. (Unbranched B.) Leaves triangular at thebase, with flat sides. Common flower-stalk simple. Stigma linear. Grav. pools & ditches. U . 7,8, Smaller. Cal. greenish. Anth. yell. 3. S. nutans, 4. 273. (Floatmg B.) Leaves floating, flat ; concave at the base. Common flower-stalk simple. Stigma ovate, very short. Ball of barren flowers mostly solitary. Muddy fens. If. 7. Still smaller, floating. Cal. pale green. 427. CaREX. Carex, or Sedge. [A very extensive genus, with grassy herbage. Root perennial. Stem simple, generally 3-angled. Leaf linear, pointed, roughish. Seed loosely coated with the enlarged, hardened, single-valved, mem- branous corolla; both together constituting the fruit.'] * Catkin solitary, simple. 1. C. dioica, 8. 543. (Creeping C.) Catkins simple, dioecious. Fruit ovate, ribbed, ascending, finely serrated at the edges. Root creeping. Boo-s.l):. 5, 6. Stemsaspanhighatmost. Herbage slender, smooth. 2. C. DavalKana, 30. 2123. (Prickly C.) Catkins simple, dioecious. Fruit lanceolate, triangular, ribbed, deflexed; its angles rough towards the summit. Boggy sit. rare. If. . 5, 6. R. tufted. Stems rough, taller. 3. C°pulicdris, 15. 1051. (Flea C.) Catkin simple; florets in the upper half barren ; in the lower fertile. Fruit spreading, de- flexed, polished, tapering at each end. Stigmas two. Muddy boe-s. 2f . 6. R. fibrous. Stems 6—12 in. smooth. Fr. brown. 4. C. pauciflora, 29. 2041. (Few-flowered C.) Catkin simple, lax, of few flowers ; the uppermost barren. Fruit spreading, deflexed, awl-shaped, smooth. Stigmas three. Alpine bogs, rare. If. 6. Smooth, 3 — 5 in. Fr. striated, rusty yell. ** Catkins, or spikelets, aggregate, each composed of barren and fertile florets. Stigmas 2. (In C. Vahlii 3.) 5. C. stelluldta, 12. 806. (Prickly C.) Spikelets three or four, round- ish, slightly distant. Barren florets inferior. Fruit spreading, with a tapering undivided beak. Boggy mead. 2f .5,6. A span, grass-green. Spikel. roundish, brown. 6. C. curta, 20. 1386. ( White C.) Spikelets about six, elliptical, slightly distant, scarcely bracteated. Scales ovate, membranous, about as long as the ovate, tumid, smooth fruit. Watery pi. rare. If . 6. If. Spikel. short, tumid, of a silvery hue. Ol'd. 2.] MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 183 *6. C. Vdhlii, Suppl. 2666. (Close-headed Alpine C.) Spikes 3—4, roundish or oblong, aggregated ; the terminal one with barren flowers at its base. Stigmas three. Fruit obovate, scabrous above, with minute chrystalline prickles ; shortly beaked, longer than the ovate, obtuse calyx. Stem triangular, rough at the edges. Alpine rocks, head of Loch Callater, in Braemar; and Glen of the Dole, Clova. If. 8, 9. Stem erect, rigid. 7. C. elongata, 27. 1920. (Elongated C.) Spikelets numerous, oblong, rather distant, without bracteas. Fruit ovate-oblong, tapering, cloven, many-ribbed, recurved, longer than the scales. Marsh., rare. If. . 6. Taller. Spikel. of a rusty greenish br., fy glossy. 8. C. ovalis, 5. 306. (Oval-spiked C.) Spikelets about six, oval, crowded, alternate, with a bractea under the lowermost. Fruit lanceolate, rough-edged, striated, nearly entire, the length of the lanceolate acute scales. Watery pi. If. 6. Larger, I — l$f. Spikel. 5 or 6, greyish, soft. 9. C. tenella. (Slender-headed C.) Spikelets three, bracteated, distant, minute, of about three florets. Fruit elliptical, convex at each side, very smooth and even, with a blunt, entire beak. Wood, by the Esk, Angus. If. 6. Slender, smooth. 8 in. Sta?n.2. 10. C. remota, 12.832. (Remote C.) Spikelets several, solitary, re- mote, simple, nearly sessile. Bracteas very long, overtopping the stem. Fruit ovate, with a slightly cloven beak. Moist shady pi. If. 5, 6. Pale and slender, if. Sp. pale yellow. 11. C. axillaris, 14.993. (Axillary C.) Spikelets several, remote, sessile ; the lower ones compound, with very long bracteas. Fruit ovate ; its beak deepty cloven. Marshes. If. 5, 6. Larger and stouter. Sp. brownish. 12. C. incurva, 13. 927. (Curved C.) Spikelets crowded into a dense head. Lower florets fertile. Bracteas membranous. Stem round- ish, smooth. Leaves channelled. Sandy sea-shore, N. of Scotl. If. 7, 8. 2 — 5 in. Sp. ovate, brown. 13. C. arenaria, 13. 923. (Sea C.) Spikelets numerous, crowded into an oblong spike ; upper ones chiefly of barren, lower of fer- tile, florets. Bracteas membranous ; lower ones leafy. Stem triangular. Leaves flat. Fruit winged. Sandy sea-shores. If . 6. \f R. long Sf cord-like, widely spreading. 14. C. intermedia, 29. 2042. (Soft Brown C.) Spikelets numerous, crowded into an oblong dense spike : the lowermost and termi- nal ones fertile ; intermediate ones barren. Stem upright, tri- angular. Marshy mead. If.. 5, 6. Taller. Spike soft, rusty brown. 15. C. divisa, 16. 1096. (Bracteated C.) Spike dense, once or twice compounded. Spikelets of barren and fertile florets ; the latter inferior, most numerous. Bracteas leafy, erect. Fruit not spread- ing. Root creeping. Marsh., near the sea.lf. 5,6. Stems iveak. Spike small, dark brown. 16. C. muricdta, 16. 1097. (Greater Prickly C.) Spike oblong, dense, 184 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. [CI. 21. prickly, with the broad, rough-edged, cloven, spreading beaks of the fruit. Spikelets roundish, mostly simple. Root fibrous. Moist past. If. 5, 6. Bright grass-green. Spikel. ovate, thin, globose. 17. C. divulsa,9. 629. (GreyC.) Spike elongated, lax; with the spikelets of its lower half finally very distant, mostly single. Fruit erect, smooth-edged ; roughish at the cloven point of the beak. Root fibrous. Moist past. V-. 5. Bright green ; 1— H/. weak. Sp. whitish. 18. C. vulpina, 5. 307. (Compound Prickly C.) Spike thrice com- pound, dense, obtuse. Fruit spreading, with a notched rough- edged beak. Scales pointed. Angles of the stem compressed, very sharp. Watery pl.lf . 5. Firm, 2 f. Sp. ovate, green. Fr. spreading, brown. 19. C. teretiuscula, 15. 1065. (Lesser Panicled C.) Spike twice or thrice compound, dense. Fruit spreading, tumid at one side, with a tapering, serrated beak. Stem triangular, with convex interstices. Watery mead. %. 5. R. slightly creeping. Stem 1 — \hf slender, Fr. brown. 20. C. paniculdta, 15. 1064. (Great Panicled C.) Spike thrice com- pound, loosely panicled, interrupted, acute. Fruit spreading, with an abrupt serrated beak. Stem sharply triangular, with flat interstices. Marshes. lf..6.R. tufted. Stems stouter, 2— 3 f. ; angles very rough. **** Barren and fertile Jlorets in separate catkins; the barren catkin solitary. Bracteas membranous. Stigmas 3. 21. C. digitdta, 9. 615. (Fingered C.) Bracteas membranous, sheath- ing, scarcely leafy. Catkins linear, lax, erect ; the barren one shortest ; fertile, two or three. Leaves flat. Shady chalky pi. 1/1 . 5. Aspan high. Scales abrupt, reddish brown. 22. C. clandestina, 30. 2124. (Dwarf Silvery C.) Bracteas membra- nous, scarcely leafy. Fertile catkins remote, of few flowers, in- closed in the sheathing bracteas. Leaves channelled. Limest. rocks, Bristol. If. 5. I — 3 in. Scales of a silvery whiteness. **** Barren and fertile florets in separate catkins ; the barren catkin solitary, rarely more than one. Bracteas leafy and generally sheathing. 23. C. pendula, 33. 2315. (Great Pendulous C.) Sheaths nearly as long as the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins cylindrical, very long, drooping. Fruit densely crowded, ovate, beaked. Moist woods.lf . 5. 7. R.fibr. Stem 3 — 6f L. large, recurved, harsh. 24. C. strigosa, 14. 994. (Loose Pendulous C.) Sheaths nearty equal to the flower-stalks. Catkins slender, loose, slightly drooping. Fruit lanceolate, triangular, ribbed. Groves & thickets, rare. If.. 4 — 6. R.fibr. Stem2f. more slender as well as the leaves. 25. C. sylvatica, 14. 995. (Pendulous Wood C.) Sheaths not half Ord. 2.] MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 185 the length of the flower-stalks. Catkins slender, rather loose, drooping. Fruit ovate, triangular, beaked, without ribs. Woods. 14,5,6. Bright grass-green. Stem 3 /. stouter. Fl.-stalks slender. 26. C. depauperata, 16. 1098. (Starved Wood C.) Sheaths much shorter than the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins distant, erect, of about three florets. Fruit inflated, ribbed, with a notched beak. Dry woods, rare. If. 5, 6. Fr. 2 — 4, large, green, ovate, smooth. 27. C. Mielichoferi, 32. 2293. (Loose-spiked C.) Sheaths not half the length of the flower- stalks. Fertile catkins three, distant, erect, lax. Fruit ovate, tumid, triangular, rough-edged ; its beak cloven, membranous at the summit. Alpine rocks in Scot. If . 7, 8. Stem 1 /. roundish. L. smooth, flat. 28. C. speirostdchya, Suppl. 2770. (Short-spiked C.) Sheaths shorter than the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins about three, distant, erect, ovate, dense, many-flowered. Fruit ovate, triangular, ribbed, smooth ; with a deeply cloven beak, membranous at the orifice. Marshes in Scot. If . 7, 8. — Var. of C. fulva. 29. C. phaostdchya, Suppl. 2731. (Short-brown-spiked C.) Sheaths shorter than the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins two, distant, erect, ovate. Fruit triangular, smooth ; with a cloven beak. Scales of the barren catkin pointed ; of the fertile ones obtuse. Highl. rocks, Scot. If. 6. — Var. of C. panicea. 30. C. capilldris, 29. 2069. (Capillary C.) Common sheath much shorter than the two or three capillary drooping flower-stalks. Fertile catkins ovate, rather loose, pendulous. Fruit ovate, tri- angular, pointed, without ribs ; membranous at the tip. Root fibrous. Highl. Mts. Scot.2£ . 7, 8. Slender, 2—4 in. Fl.-stalks very slender. 31. C. rariflora, 35. 2516. (Loose-flowered C.) Sheaths scarcely any. Fertile catkins lax, drooping, of few florets. Fruit obovate, tri- angular, slightly pointed, without ribs. Root creeping. Clova Mts. If. 7. Bather larger. Scales ovate, acute, black. 32. C.Pseudo-cyperus, 4. 242. ( Bastard- Cy per us C.) Sheaths scarce- ly any. Fertile catkins dense, cylindrical, drooping, many-flow- ered. Scales awl-shaped. Fruit spreading, lanceolate, furrowed, rough-edged, with a deeply-cloven beak. Wet shady pi. If-. 6. 1 /. Spikel. \\— 2 in. green, on rough stalks. 33. C. limosa, 29. 2043. (Green-and-Gold CJ Sheaths scarcely any. Fertile catkins ovate, dense, drooping, many-flowered. Fruit elliptical, compressed, ribbed, smooth-edged, without a beak. Root creeping. Deep rotten bogs. "U. 6. A span high. Scales brown, with a golden lustre. Fr. green. 34. C. ustuldta, 34. 2404. (Scorched C.) Sheaths very short. Fer- tile catkins ovate, dense, pendulous. Fruit elliptical, compressed, rough-edged, with acloven beak. Root tufted, somewhat creeping. Wet micaceous sit. If.l. 3 — 4 in. Scales and fruit dark brown. 35. C. atrata, 29. 2044. (Black C.) Sheaths scarcely any. Catkins 186 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. [CI. 21. uniform, stalked, ovate, drooping ; the terminal one with many barren florets below. Fruit elliptical, compressed, smooth, with a notched beak. Stamens two or three. Alpine past. If . 6, 7. Stem 12 — 15 m. Scales black. Fr. yellow. 36. Cpulla, 29. 2045. (Russet C.) Sheaths none. Fertile catkins ovate ; the lower one stalked. Fruit elliptical, slightly inflated, with a short notched beak. Stigmas two. Highl. mts. rare. V- . 7. R. creeping. Stem a span. Scales black. 37. C. pallescens, 31. 2185. (Pale C.) Sheaths very short. Fertile catkins cylindrical, stalked ; at length pendulous. Fruit obovate, triangular, inflated, smooth, obtuse, with a minute abrupt beak'. Mead. & past.lf . 5, 6. Pale green, \f Scales yellowish. Fr. green. 38. C.Jldva, 18. 1294. (Yellow C.) Sheaths short, nearly equal to the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins roundish-ovate. Fruit trian- gular, smooth, with a cloven beak curved downward. Stem nearly smooth. Boggy mead. If. . 5, 6. 9 — 12 in. Scales light brown. Fr. ultimately yellow. 39. C. Oederi, 25. 1773. (Oederian C.) Sheaths and flower-stalks all very short. Fertile catkins roundish-ovate. Fruit globular, trian- gular, direct, smooth, with a straight cloven beak. Stem smooth. Wet commons. If. 7. Of humble growth, and less yellow. 40. C.fulva, 18. 1295. (Tawny C.) ' Sheaths tubular, elongated, shorter than the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins ovate, erect. Scales pointless. Fruit ovate, triangular, direct, smooth, with a straight, cloven, rough-edged beak. Stem rough. Boggy mead. If.. 6, 7. Slender, 12 — 15 in. Sp. tawny brown. Fr. brownish. 41. C. extensa, 12. 833. (Long-bracteated C.) Sheaths and flower- stalks very short. Bracteas very long and spreading. Fertile catkins elliptic-oblong, near together. Scales somewhat awned. Fruit ovate, triangular, with a short, smooth, cloven beak. Stem very smooth. Sea coast. 2f . 6. 6 — 18 in., a little curved, as well as the bracteas. 42. C. distans, 18. 1234. (Loose C.) Sheaths tubular, elongated, nearly equal to the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins elliptic-oblong, widely distant. Scales pointed. Stem smooth. Muddy marshes. If. . 6. Stem weak, I — \\f Sp. dark rusty brown. 43. C. binervis, 18. 1235. (Green-ribbed C.) Sheaths tubular, elon- gated, shorter than the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins cylindrical, distant; partly compound. Scales pointed. Stem smooth. Fruit with two principal ribs. Drv heaths. If. 6. Larger and stouter. Sp. blackish. 44. C. prcecox, 16. 1099. (Vernal C.) Sheaths about equal to the very short flower-stalks. Catkins all elliptical, rather crowded. Scales of the fertile ones pointed. Fruit pear-shaped, downy, with an abrupt entire point. Dry heaths. 2f . 4. 3 — 8 in. Fert. catkins club-shaped, pale-yell. 45. C. pilulifera, 13. 885. (Round-headed C.) Sheaths none. Fertile Ord. 2.] MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 187 catkins two or three, sessile, crowded, almost globular, with pointed scales. Fruit triangular, roundish, downy, with a short cloven beak. Heaths, & wet past. If. 4, 5. Stems recumb. weak, curved, 9 — 12 in. 46. C. tomentosa, 29. 204G. (Downy-fruited C.) Sheaths extremely short. Fertile catkins one or two, nearly sessile, cylindrical, ob- tuse, with acute scales. Fruit globose, slightly triangular, dense- ly downy, with a short cloven beak. Mead, at Merston Measey, Wilts. If . 6. Erect, 1 /. or more. L. flat, much shorter than the stem. 47. C. panicta, 21. 1505. (Pink-leaved C.) Sheaths elongated, about half the length of the flower-stalks. Fertile catkins one or two, distant ; lower one rather lax. Fruit tumid, smooth, cloven at the summit. Stem smooth, obtusely triangular. Moist past. If. 5, 6. Erect, about a span high. Sp. dark brown. 48. C. recurva, 21. 1506. (Glaucous C.) Sheaths short. Fertile catkins two or three, cylindrical, dense, drooping, on very long recurved stalks. Fruit elliptical, triangular, roughish, obtuse, slightly notched. Moist past. & heaths. If. 5, 6. Herbage glauc.lf. Sp. dark brown. 49. C. r'ujida, 29. 2047. (Rigid C.) Stigmas two. Sheaths none. Fertile catkins ovate ; the lowermost stalked. Bracteas lanceo- late, recurved, as well as the leaves. Fruit triangular, somewhat compressed, with a short abrupt beak. Loftiest mts. If. 6, 7. Rigid, 3 — 6 in. mostly curved. Sp. dark-col. 50. C. ca>spitosa,2l. 1507. (Tufted C.) Stigmas two. Sheaths none. Fertile catkins cylindrical, obtuse, erect ; the lowermost rarely stalked. Leaves and auricled bracteas, linear, erect. Fruit per- manent, elliptical, flat, many-ribbed, with a very short abrupt beak. Marshes. If . 5, 6. Bright green, 6 — 12 in. Sp. erect, 1 in. 51. C. str'icta, 13. 914. (Straight-leaved C.) Stigmas two. Sheaths none. Fertile catkins nearly sessile, erect, cylindrical, elongated, acute ; often barren-flowered at the top. Bases of the leaves reticulated. Fruit elliptical, flat, with a short cloven beak, deci- duous. Marshes. If. 4. Bather glauc. erect, \\—% f. Sp. 2 in. *51. C. aqudtilis, Suppl. 2758. (Straight-leaved Water C.) Sheaths none. Bracteas long, leafy. Fertile catkins nearly sessile, cy- lindrical, elongated, attenuated below, often acuminated; with barren flowers at the extremity. Fruit roundish-obovate, with a short entire beak. Stem smooth, obtusely triangular. Leaves long, straight, narrow-linear, not fibrous at their bases. Moist alp. bogs, Clova. If. 7, 8. Fruit rounder than the last ; bracteas longer. Leaves without filaments at the base. ***** Barren and fertile florets in separate catkins. Barren catkins two or more. 52. C. acuta, 9. 580. (Slender-spiked C.) Stigmas two. Catkius 188 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. [CI. 21. cylindrical, slender ; drooping in flower ; afterwards erect. Fruit elliptical, with a blunt, undivided beak. Watery mead. If • 5. Bright green, 2f. Sp. elongated. 53. C.paludosa, 12, 807. (Lesser common C.) Stigmas three. Cat- kins cylindrical, bluntish, erect ; the fertile ones with taper- pointed scales. Fruit ovate, triangular, compressed, with a notched beak. Boggy mead. If. 5. Of a glaucous hue, erect, If. 54. C. ripdria, 9. 579. (Great common C.) Stigmas three. Catkins erect, with taper-pointed scales. Fruit ovate, tumid, with a deeply cloven beak. Watery pi. If. 4, 5- 3/. or more, rough : the largest and stoutest Carex. 55. C. laevigata, 20. 1387. (Smooth-stalked C.) Catkins cylindrical; fertile ones stalked. Scales all pointed. Sheaths very long. Fruit triangular, with a cloven beak. Marshes; not freq. If. 5. Bright green, smooth, 3/. Fruit green. 56. C. vesicaria, 11. 779. (Bladder C.) Fertile catkins cylindrical, short, abrupt, on short stalks. Scales all lanceolate, acute. Sheaths none.' Fruit ovate, inflated, with an elongated cloven beak. Marshes. If. 5. Erect, 2f with rough angles. Fr.very smooth, yellowish. 57. C. ampulldcea, 11. 780. (Flagon C.) Fertile catkins cylindrical, elongated, nearly sessile. Scales all lanceolate, acute. Sheaths none. Fruit inflated, globose, with a linear cloven beak. Pools & marshes.lf . 5,6. Somewhat glauc. 1 — 2/. Fr. small, yell. 58. C. hirta, 10. 685. (Hairy C.) Herbage hairy. Fertile catkins ovate-cylindrical, remote. Scales awned. Sheaths nearly as long as the flower-stalks. Fruit hairy, tumid, with a deeply cloven beak. Stem rough-edged. Wet mead, and watery pi. If. 5, 6. Dull green, 2/. Sp. brown. 59. C. secdlina. (Rye C.) Fertile catkins ovate-cylindrical ; the lower one very remote. Scales acute. Sheaths as long as the flower-stalks. Fruit ovate, rough-edged, compressed ; concave at the inner side ; with an elongated, linear, cloven beak. Stem smooth. Springy place, near Forfar : indig. ? If. 6, 7 ? Herb, naked. Stem 1 /. or more. Fr. large. 60. C. stictocdrpa, Suppl. 2772. (Dotted C.) Fertile catkins two, ovate, stalked. Scales pointed. Sheaths scarcely any. Fruit obovate, obtuse, pointless, finely dotted. Highl. of Scot. If . 6, 7 ?— A var. of C. recurva. 51. C. angustifolia, (Narrow-leaved C.) Fertile catkins one or two, ovate, stalked. Scales obtuse. Sheaths none. Fruit ovate, com- pressed, smooth, with a short abrupt beak. Leaves linear, chan- nelled. Marshes in Scot. If . 6 ? Smooth and slender. Stem 15 in. — A var. ofC csespit. 62. CJiliformis, 13. 904. (Slender-leaved C.) Fertile catkins ovate. Old. 3.] MONOECIA TETRANDRIA. 189 Scales pointed. Sheaths nearly equal to the short flower-stalks. Fruit .ovate, hairy, with a deeply cloven beak. Leaves linear, channelled, smooth. Boggy mead. If. . 6. About 2f. smooth. L. narrow. Sp. blackish. 428. KOBReSIA. Kobresia. [Habit like Carex.~\ 1. K. caricina, Schcenus monoicus, 20. 1410. (Compound-headed Kobresia.) Catkins aggregate, crowded, alternate. — Elyna cari- cina, Br. Fl. Mts., N. of Engl, and Scotl., rare. "4 . 8. Stem 3—6 in. L. radical, linear. MONOECIA TETRANDRIA. 429. LITTOReLLA. Shore-weed. 1. L. lacustris, 7. 468. (Plantain Shore-weed.) Wet sandy pi. If. 6. Stem 0. L. linear, fleshy, 3 — 4 in. Barr.fl. stalked. 430. ALNUS. Alder. 1. A. glutinosa, Betula Alnus, 21. 1508. (Common Alder.) Leaves roundish-wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated, glutinous, rather abrupt; downy at the branching of the veins beneath. Watery pi. T? . 3,4. Wood reddish. Br. spread. Fert. cat. roundish. BtfXUS. Box-tree. 1. B. sempervirens, 19. 1341. (Common B.) Leaves ovate, convex. Anthers ovate-arrow-shaped. Dry chalky hills. T? . 4. L. entire ; their stalks slightly downy. Fl. pale yellow. 432. URTlCA. Nettle. 1. U. pilulifera, 3. 148. (Roman N.) Leaves opposite, ovate, ser- rated ; with transverse ribs. Fertile flowers in globular heads. Waste gr. chiefly near the sea. ©. 6, 7. 2/. stinging virulently. 2. U. urens, 18. 1236. (Little N.) Leaves opposite, elliptical, with about five longitudinal ribs. Clusters nearly simple. Cult, gr, 0. 6 — 10. Smaller, bright green ; stings less virulent. 3. U. dio'ica, 25. 1750. (Great N.) Leaves opposite, heart-shaped. Clusters much branched, in pairs, mostly dioecious. Roots creep- ing. Waste gr. & hedges. If, 7, 8. Bull gr., 3f. with less irnt. stings. 190 MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. [CI. 21. MONOECIA PENTANDRIA. 433. XANTHIUM. Bur- weed. 1. X. strumdrium, 36. 2544. (Broad-leaved B.) Prickles none. Leaves heart-shaped ; three-ribbed at the base. Rich soil, or dunghills, rare; not wild. 0. 8, 9. Stem solit., branched, 2f. Fl. green. 434. AMARiNTHUS. Amaranth. 1. A. Bliturn, 31. 2212. (Wild A.) Flowers three-cleft, with three stamens, in small lateral tufts. Leaves ovate. Stems spreading. Rich gr. and dunghills, rare. 0.8. L. entire. Fl. green. Seed black and shining. 435. BRYONIA. Bryony. 1. B. dioica, 7. 439. (Red-berried B.) Leaves palmate, rough on both sides with callous points. Flowers dioecious. Hedges. 1£. 5 — 9. Rough, leafy, climbing by tendrils. Fl. white. Berr. scarlet. MONOECIA HEXANDRIA. 436. ERIOCiULON. Pipewort. 1. E. septanguldre, 11. 733. (Jointed P.) Florets four-cleft. Capsule of two cells. Stem with about seven angles, many times taller than the channelled, taper-pointed leaves. Flower convex. Outer calyx-scales empty, rounded, smooth. Lakes in the Hebrides and South W. of Irel. %. 6. Stalk If. naked. Fl. white, feathery. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. 437. CERATOPHyLLUM. Hornwort. 1. C. demersum, 14. 947. (Common H.) Fruit armed with three spines. Segments of the calyx notched at the extremity. Ditches. If. . 8. 9. Floating, whorled, dichotomous. 2. C. submersum, 10. 6/9. (Unarmed H.) Fruit destitute of spines. Segments of the calyx acute, entire. Ditches, rare. If.. 9. L. more compound. Scarcely a distinct sp, 438. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Water- Milfoil. 1. M. spicdtum,2. 83. (Spiked W.) Flowers in whorled, interrupted, leafless spikes. Ord. 6.] MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. 191 Ditches and pools. If . 7, 8. Leaves under water, pectinated. Spikes above the surface. 2. M. verticUldtum, 4. 218. (Whorled W.) Flowers all axillary. Ponds, less freq. If. 7. Floivering branches above water, all over leafy. 439. SAGITTARIA. Arrow-head. 1. S. sagittifolia,2.84:. (Common A.) Leaves arrow-shaped, acute. Ditches. If . 7, 8. Branches of the scape whorled. Fl. white, violet at the base. 440. ARUM. Cuckow-pint. I. A. maculatum, 19. 1298. (Common C, Wake Robin.) Stem none. Leaves halberd-shaped, entire. Common stalk of the flowers club-shaped, obtuse. Groves and hedges. If.. 5. L. shining, spotted. Berry scarlet. 441. POTERIUM. Salad-Burnet. [. P. Sanguisorba, 12. 860. (Common S.) Thorns none. Stem somewhat angular. Chalky hills. If. 7. L. impari-pinnate. Leafi. roundish, serrate. 442. QUeRCUS. Oak. .. Q. Robur, 19. 1342. (Common British O.) Leaves deciduous, oblong ; wider towards the extremity ; their sinuses rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Fruit-stalks elongated. Woods and hedges. Tj . 4. Handsome tree. Wood hard, very valuable. :. Q. sessiliflora, 26. 1845. (Sessile-fruited O.) Leaves on elon- gated stalks, deciduous, oblong ; with opposite, acute sinuses. Woods. T? . 4, 5. Wood less valuable. L. sometimes downy. 443. FaGUS. Beech and Chestnut. . F. Castanea, 13. 886. (Sweet C.) Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrated ; smooth beneath. Prickles of the outer calyx com- pound and entangled. Stigmas six. — Castanea vesca, Br. Fl. Woods. Tj . 5. Introduced ? Large tree. Seeds large, esculent. . F. sylvatica, 26. 1846. (Common B.) Leaves ovate, obsoletely serrated. Prickles of the outer calyx simple. Stigmas three. Chalky hills. Native ? Tjj . 4, 5. Branches spreading. Bark smooth. Seeds triquetrous. 444. BETULA. Birch. B. alba, 31. 2198. (Common B., /3, Weeping B.) Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid, unequally serrated, nearly smooth. Sandy woods. T? . 4, 5. Bark white, papery. Branches slender. B. nana, 33. 2326. (Dwarf B.) Leaves orbicular, crenate ; reti- culated with veins beneath. Mount, moors, Scotl. Tj . 5. 1 — 2/. much branched, erect. 192 dioecia. [CI. 22. 445. CARPlNUS. Hornbeam. 1. C. Betulus, 29. 2032. (Common H.) Bracteas of the fruit flat, serrated, with two lateral lobes. Clayey woods. T? . 5. Small Elm-like tree, smooth. 445. CoRYLUS. Hasel-nut. 1. C. Avelldna, 11. 723. (Common H.) Stipulas ovate, obtuse. Leaves roundish, heart-shaped, pointed. Young branches hairy. Calyx shorter than the nut. Woods and hedges. Tj . 3, 4. Bushy tree. L. downy. Nuts eatable. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. 447. PlNUS. Fir. 1. P. sylvestris, 35. 2460. (Scotch F.) Leaves rigid, in pairs. Young cones stalked, recurved. Crest of the anthers very small. Highlands of Scotl. \ . 5. Tall evergreen tree. Cones tuber cled. Class XXII. DIOECIA. Stamens and pis- tils in separate flowers, on different plants. (MONANDRIA. Stamen 1.) Several Salices. Order I. DIANDRIA. Stamens 2. 448. SaLIX. Bar.Jl. Catkin imbricated. Cal. a scale. Pet. 0. Nect. 1 or more glands, at the base. Stam. 1 — 5. Fert.jl- Catkin imbricated. Cal. a scale. Pet. none. Nect. as in the barr.Jl. Stig. 2. Caps. sup. of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds tufted. — N.O. Amentace^e. Order II. TRIANDRIA. Stam. 3. 449. EMPfiTRUM. Barr.Jl. Cal in 3 deep segments. Pet. 3. Stam. capillary, 3 — 9. Fert.jl. Cal. in 3 deep segments. Pet. 3. Stigmas 9. Berry superior, with 9 seeds N.O. EmpetrejE. 450. RuSCUS. Barr.Jl. Cal of 6 leaves. Pet. 0. Nect. ovate, tubular, bearing the stam. internally. Fert.jl. Cal. and nect. as in the barr. Jl. Stam. 0. Style 1. Berry superior, of 3 cells. Seeds in pairs N.O. Smilace^e. Valeriana dioica. Some Salices. Orel. 7.] dioecia. 193 Order III. TETRANDRIA. Stamens 4. 452. HIPPoPHAE. Barr.fi. Cal. deeply cloven. Cor. 0. Fert.fi. Cal. tubular, cloven. Style 1. Berry superior. Seed solitary, oblong, with a double tunic. — N.O. Ele- AGNE.E. 453. MYRlCA. Barr.fi. in a catkin. Cal. a concave scale. Cor. 0. Fert.fi. in a catkin. Cal. a concave scale. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Berry superior, with 1 globular seed. — N.O. My- rice^e. 451. Vl'SCUM. Barr.fi. Cal. 0. Pet. 4, calyx-like, dilated and combined at the base. Anth. sessile, on the petals. Fert.fi. Cal. a slight border. Pet. 4, dilated at the base. Style 0. Berry inferior, with 1 compressed seed. — N.O. LoRANTHE^E. Rhamnus 1. Euonymus 1. Urtica 3. Order IV. PENTANDRIA. Stamens 5. 454. HuMULUS. Barr.fi. Cal. of 5 leaves. Cor.O. Anth. with 2 terminal pores. Fert.fi. in a catkin. Cal. an oblique, undivided scale. Cor. 0. *Sto//es 2. Seed 1, tunicated, winged with the calyx. — N.O. Urtice^e. Ribes 4. Pimpinella 3. Bryonia 1. Salix 5 — 19. Order V. HEXANDRIA. Stamps 6. 455. TAMUS. Barr.fi. Cal. 0. Cor. in 6 deep segments. Fert.fi. Cal.0. Cor. in 6 deep segments. 6^/6 3-cleft. Berry inferior, of 3 cells. Seeds in pairs. — N.O. Smi- LACE/E. Rumex, 9, 10. Order VI. OCTANDRIA. Stamens 8. 457. RHODlOLA. Barr.fi. Cal. in 4 deep segments. Pet. 4. JVeeL 4, notched. Fer^. ,/?. Ca/. Pe£. Nect. the same. P^. 4. Caps. 4, with many seeds. — N.O. Crassulace^e. 456. PoPULUS. Barr.fi. Catkin imbricated. Cal. a torn scale. Cor. turbinate, oblique, undivided. Fert.fi. Catk. Cal. Cor. the same. Stigma 4 or 8. Caps. superior, of 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds tufted. — N.O. Amentace^e. Order VII. ENNEANDRIA. Stamens 9. 458. MERCURIALIS. Barr.fi. Cal. in 3 deep segments. Cor. 0. Stam. 9 — 12. Anthers of 2 globose cells. 194 DIOECIA DIANDRIA. [CI. 22. Fert.fi. Cal. the same. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Caps, of 2 lobes and 2 cells. Seeds solitary.— N.O. Euphorbiace.e. 459. HYDRO CHARIS. Barr.fi. Cal. 3-cleft. Pet. 3. Inner filam. beaked. Fert.fi. Cal. andj^. the same. Styles 6. Caps, inferior, of 6 cells, with many seeds N.O. Hydrocharide^:. Empetrum 1. (DECANDRIA. Stam. 10.) Silene 9. Lychnis 4. (ICOSANDRIA. Staw. numerous, from the calyx.) Rubus 14. Fragaria 2. (POLYANDRIA. Stam. numerous, from the receptacle.) Stratiotes 1 . Populus, 1 , 3 — 4. Order VIII. MONODELPHIA. Filam. combined in one set. 460. JUNlPERUS. Barr.fi. Cal. the scales of a catkin. Cor. 0. Stam. 3. Fert.fi. Cal. the scales of a catkin, fewer ; finally pulpy, united into a forn/ with 3 seeds. — N.O. Conifers. 461. TAXUS. Barr.fi. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. ^A. peltate, lobed. Fert.fi. Cal. cup-shaped, entire. Cor. 0. Style 1. *Seec? 1, enclosed in the enlarged, pulpy, unconnected calyx. — N.O. Conifers. Salix 25, 26. DIOECIA DIANDRIA. 448. SiLIX. Willow, Sallow, Osier. \_Trees or shrubs with flexible branches. Leaves simple, deci- duous, as are the stipules. Catkins early.] * Adult leaves serrated, smooth or nearly so. 1. S. tridndria, 20. 1435. (Long-leaved triandrous W.) Leaves linear-oblong, serrated, smooth ; rather unequally sloping at the base. Stamens three. Germen stalked, ovate, compressed, smooth. Stigmas nearly sessile. Wet woods and osier grounds. T? . 5 and 8. Tree 20 — 30/. ; bark decid. Young branches 6 — 9 f. tough and pliant. Cultivated. 2. S. Hoffmannidna, Suppl. 2620. (Short-leaved triandrous W.) Ord. L] DIOECIA DIANDRIA. 195 Leaves ovate-oblong-, serrated, smooth ; slightly rounded at the base. Stamens three. Germen stalked, ovate, compressed, smooth. Stigmas nearly sessile. Banks of rival. 7? . 5. Shrub, 10 — \5f. L. 1£ — 2^ in. not linear. 3. S. lanceuldta, 20. 143G. (Sharp-leaved triandrous W.) Leaves lanceolate, serrated, smooth; tapering towards each end. Foot- stalks decurrent. Stamens three. Germen stalked, ovate, smooth. Style as long as the stigmas. Low mead, and osier gr. Tj . 4, 5. Tree. L. long. Slip, pointed. Bark dead. Cult. 4. S. amygdal'ina, 27. 1936. (Almond-leaved triandrous W.) Leaves ovate, serrated, smooth ; rounded and unequal at the base. Stamens three. Germen ovate, compressed, smooth ; its stalk about as long- as the scale. Stigmas nearly sessile. Young branches furrowed. Low wet pi. Tj . 4, 5. A large bushy shrub, casting its bark. Cult. 5. S. pentdndra, 26. 1885. (Bay-leaved W.) Leaves ovate, pointed, crenate, glandular, smooth. Footstalks glandular at the summit. Stamens five or more, hairy at the base. Germen ovate, taper- ing, smooth, -nearly sessile. About rivers. T? . 6, 7. A handsome tree. L. broad, resinous, fragr. 6. S. nigricans, 17. 1213. (Dark-leaved W.) Leaves elliptic-lanceo- late, acute, crenate; smooth, with a downy rib, above ; glaucous beneath. Stamens two, thrice the length of the hairy scales. Germen lanceolate, downy ; on a short downy stalk. Fens and woods. Tj . 4. A large bushy shrub. L. turning blackish. 7. S. phylicifolia, 28. 1958. (Tea-leaved Wi) Leaves elliptic-lanceo- late, with wavy- serratu res, very smooth; glaucous beneath. Sti- pulas glandular on the inside. "Germen lanceolate, stalked, silk}-. Style twice the length of the stigmas. Breadalbane. T? . 5. A low spreading bush ; its long recumbent branches taking root. Nect. single, abrupt. 8. S. Borrcridna, Suppl. 2619. (Dark Upright W.) Leaves lanceo- late, with shallow even serratures, very smooth ; glaucous be- neath. Stipulas obsolete. Scales of the catkins acute, shaggy. Highl. of Scot. \ . 5. A bushy shrub, 8 — 10^ with dark upright branches. 9. S. nitens, Suppl. 2655. (Shining-leaved Wf) Leaves elliptical, acute, unequally serrated ; very smooth and glaucous beneath ; minutely downy, with a downy midrib, above. Stipulas obsolete. Catkins nearly sessile, with acute, shaggy scales. Scott, hills, and Teesdale, Yorks. Tj . 4. A bushy shrub. L. of a shining green. 10. S. Davalliana, Suppl. 2701. (Davallian W.) Leaves obovate-lan- ceolate, finely serrated, or minutely toothed, tapering at each end, smooth ; rather glaucous beneath. Footstalks, midrib, and young branches, somewhat downy. Catkins with small rounded scales. Capsules lanceolate, smooth. Highl. of Scot.Tj . 5. Bushy, 5 — If with upright brown br. 196 DIOECIA DIANDRIA. [CI. 22. 11. S. Weigelidna, Suppl. 2656. S. Wulfeniana, E. Fl. ( Weigelian W.) Leaves obovate or elliptical, somewhat pointed, finely ser- rated, smooth ; glaucous beneath. Catkins dense, with hairy scales, longer than the stalks of the awl-shaped germens. Style longer than the stigmas. Highl. of Scot, and N. of Eng. T2 . 4, 5. Diffuse, 1 — 1^/. then upright, 4 — 6f. 12. S. te.trapla, Suppl. 2702. (Four-ranked W.) Leaves elliptic, oblong, pointed, unequally serrated, nearly smooth ; glaucous beneath, with prominent veins. Stipulas half-heart-shaped. Scales mostly shorter than the hairy stalks of the ovate-oblong smooth germens. Style as long as the stigmas. Breadalbane. Tj .5. A larger shrub, with longer, spirally inserted, leaves. *12. S. tenuior, Suppl. 2650. (Narrow-leaved intermediate W.) Leaves on slender stalks, obovate-lanceolate, acute, obsoletely crenate, flat ; naked on both sides ; glaucous beneath. Stipules acute, glandulose. Catkins slender, lax. Scales acute, longer than the silky stalk of the capsule. Style longer than the ovate stigmas. Banks of the Lochy, Killin. Tj .5. Nearly allied to S. laurina. 13. S. laurina, S. bicolor, 26. 1806. (Shining W.) Leaves elliptic- oblong, acute, waved, and slightly serrated, nearly smooth ; glaucous beneath. Footstalks dilated at the base. Stipulas pointed, serrated. Scales obtuse, hairy, half as long as the densely downy, ovate, long-stalked germen. Woods. \} . 4, 5. Shrub, or small tree, with straight brown branches and upright leaves. *13. S. laxifibra, Suppl. 2749. (Loose-flowered W.) Young shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves naked, flat, broadly obovate, narrowed to the base, slightly toothed ; glaucescent beneath. Upper ones acute. Stipulas small, concave. Catkins loose. Germen stalked, bluntish, naked in the lower part. Style as long as the linear divided stigmas. Breadalbane. T? . 4. A tree-like shrub, with crooked divaricating branches. 14. S. bicolor, S. tenuifolia, 31. 2186. (Two-coloured W.) Leaves elliptical ; green and shining above ; smooth and glaucous be- neath ; serrated, with oblique points. Stipulas crescent-shaped, serrated. Barren catkins copious, bright yellow. Filaments slightly bearded at the base. Banks of riv. in the N. Tj . 4 — 7. Fertile plant unknown1? *14. S. phillyreifolia, Suppl. 2660. (Phillyrea-leaved W.) Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at each extremity and strongly serra- ted ; naked on both sides; glaucous beneath. Stipulas small. Young shoots pubescent. Scales oblong, hairy, longer than the naked stalk of the naked germen. Style as long as the stigmas. Highland vallevs of Scotl. T2 . 4. Allied to S. bicolor and Dick- Ol'd. 1.] DIOECIA DIANDRIA. 197 saniana, but they have leaves approaching to obovate, with a point, which are, for the most part, obsoletely serrated. 15. S. malifolia, 23. 1617. (Apple-leaved W.) Leaves elliptic-oblong, toothed, waved, thin and crackling, very smooth. Stipulas heart-shaped, about equal to the footstalks. Scales obovate, bearded. Germen lanceolate, smooth, on a short smooth stalk. Scotland ? T? . 4. Apple-tree- like, 3 — 6 f. with dark crooked branches. L. large. 16. S. petioldris, 16. 1147. (Dark long-leaved W.) Leaves lanceo- late, serrated, smooth ; glaucous beneath ; somewhat unequal at the base. Stipulas lunate, toothed. Catkins lax. Scales hairy, shorter than the stalks of the ovate silky germens. Stigmas divided, sessile. Swamps. T? . 4. A small bushy tree, with flexible, purplish br. 17. S. vitellina, 20. 1389. (Yellow W. or Golden Osier.) Leaves lanceolate, acute, with cartilaginous serratures ; smooth above ; glaucous and somewhat silky beneath. Stipulas minute, lanceo- late, deciduous, smooth. Scales linear-lanceolate, acute, fringed at the base, longer than the pistil. Swamps. T? . 5. A hands, tree, ofmoder. growth, with lax, shining yell, branches. Cult. 18. S. decipiens, 27. 1937. (Varnished W.) Leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrated, very smooth; floral ones partly obovate and recurved. Footstalks somewhat glandular. Germen tapering, stalked, smooth. Style longer than the cloven'stigmas. Branches smooth, highly polished. Wet hedges and os. gr. T? . 5. An upright, not lofty tree; with smooth varnished bark; shoots stained with crims. Occasionally cult. 19. S. frdgilis, 26. 1807. (Crack W.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated throughout, very smooth. Footstalks glandu- lar. Germen ovate, abrupt, nearly sessile, smooth. Scales ob- long, about equal to the stamens and pistils. Stigmas cloven, longer than the style. Marshy gr. T? . 4, 5. A tall bushy-headed tree. Br. oblique, brittle at the base. Stam. 2 — 5. 20. S. Russellid?ia,26. 1808. (Bedford W.) Leaves lanceolate, taper- ing at each end, serrated throughout, very smooth. Footstalks glandular or leafy. Germen tapering, stalked, longer than the scales. Style as long as the stigmas. Marshy woods. 1? . 4, 5. A more handsome tree, of a brighter hue. Br. slender and straight, not angular at their insertion like S. fragilis. Timber and bark very valuable. 21. S. purpurea, 20. 1388. (Purple W.) Branches trailing, decum- bent. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, serrated, very smooth ; narrow at the base. Stamen one. Stigmas very short, ovate, nearly sessile. Low mead. rare. T?. 3. Shrub, 3 — 4f. with long, slender, spreading purple br. A valuable osier. 22. S. Helix, 19. 1343. (Rose W.) Branches erect. Leaves partly 198 D10ECIA DIANDRIA. [CL 22. opposite, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen one. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. Marshes and osier-holts. T? . 3, 4. A low tree, yellowish, ash-col. 23. S. Lambertidna, 19. 1359. (Boyton VV.) Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, smooth ; rounded at the base. Stipulas none. Stamen one. Stigmas ovate, obtuse, notched, very short, nearly sessile. Swamps. Tj . 3, 4. A low tree. Young br. of a purple glaucous hue, and like those of a honeysuckle. *28. S.Woolgariana, Suppl.2651. ( Woolgarian Osier.) Monandrous, erect. Leaves scarcely glaucescent, cuneato-lanceolate, minute- ly serrated ; naked on both sides. Stipulas none. Germen ses- sile, ovate, downy. Style short. Stigmas obtuse. Osier-beds, Sussex, and Kingston-on-Thames ; scarcely wild.T? . 5. 24. S. Forbidna, \9. 13U. (Basket O.) Branches erect. Leaves alternate, with small stipulas, lanceolate-oblong, smooth, with shallow serratures ; rounded at the base ; glaucous beneath. Stamen one. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. Mead. & os.-holts. T^ . 4. A bushy shrub, icith fine greyish yell, twigs. 25. S. rubra, 16. 1 145. (Green-leaved O.) Stamens combined below. Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, acute, smooth, with shallow serratures ; green on both sides. Stigmas ovate, undivided. Low gr. rare. T? . 4, 5. A small tree, with long tawny br. L. long and narrow. 26. S. Crowedna, 16. 1146. (Broad-leaved Willow.) Stamens com- bined below. Leaves elliptical, slightly serrated, quite smooth ; glaucous beneath. Swampy gr. Tj . 4, 5. A bushy shrub, 4 — 5f. with brittle, useless br. 27. S. prunifolia, 19. 1361. (Plum-leaved W.) Leaves broadly ovate, serrated, smooth on both sides; even above; glaucous beneath. Capsules ovate ; shaggy, like the scales, with silky hairs. Mount, of Scot. \} . 4, 5^Bushy, 2—3/. with brown erect, br. 28. S vacciniifolia, 33. 2341. f Bilberry-leaved W.) Leaves lanceo- late-ovate, serrated; smooth and even above; glaucous and silky beneath. Capsules ovate, silky. Stems decumbent. Scott, mount. T? . 4. Much smaller . Br. slender. Catk. thicker. 29. S. venulosa, 19. 1362. (Veiny-leaved W.) Leaves ovate, serrated, naked ; reticulated with prominent veins above; rather glaucous beneath. Capsules ovate, silky. Highl. of Scot. T? . 4, 5. Like S. prunif. but differing in the leaves. 30. s! myrsinites, 19. 1360. ( Whortle-leaved W.) Leaves elliptical, serrated, smooth, veiny; polished on both sides. Young branches hairy. Germens stalked, downy. Capsules awl-shaped. Highl. of Scot. T? . 5, 6. A bushy shrub, 1—2/ L. short and rigid. *30. S. procumbens, Suppl. 2753. (Oval-leaved Alpine W.) Leaves oval, rarely acute, obscurely serrated, shining, quite smooth. Germens nearly sessile, lanceolate, very silky. Style very short, cleft almost to the base. Stigmas short, bifid, obtuse. Ol'd. 1.] DIOECIA DIANDIIIA. 199 Mountains of Breadalb. and Cairn-gorum. Tj . 6. Low shrub. L. glossy, oval, larger and quite glabrous. 31. S. Dicksonid/ia,20. 1390. (Mountain W.) Leaves elliptical, acute, slightly toothed, smooth ; glaucous beneath. Young branches very smooth. Catkins ovate, short, erect. Germen stalked, ovate, silky. Stigmas nearly sessile. Highl. of Scot. T? . 4. Erect, If. L.flat, even ; green above. 32. S. carindta, 19. 1363. (Folded-leaved W.) Leaves ovate, finely toothed, smooth, minutely veined, folded into a keel. Catkins cylindrical, with rounded, hairy scales. Germen sessile, ovate, silky. H. of Scot. Tj . 4. Shrub; larger than prunif. or venul. L. recurv. 33. S.Arbuscula, 19. 1366. (Little Tree W.) Leaves lanceolate, acute, obscurely toothed, smoothish ; glaucous beneath ; silky when young. Branches downy. Catkins ovate, erect. Germen stalked, ovate-lanceolate, silky. Highl. of Scot. T? . 4. Like a little tree, 1 f slender. Catk. erect. 34. S° I'mida. (Livid Dwarf W.) Leaves elliptic-oblong, obscurely toothed, smooth ; livid beneath. Stipulas none. Germen nearly cylindrical, downy ; its stalk twice as long as the scale. Stigmas nearly sessile. Near Moffat, Scotl. T? . Very smooth, 1 /. Catk. lax ? 35. S. herbdcea, 27. 1907. (Least W.) Leaves orbicular, serrated, reticulated with veins ; very smooth and shining on both sides. Germen stalked, ovate-lanceolate, smooth. Lofty mt, on a micaceous soil. Tj . 6. Smallest of shrubs, 1 — 2 in. ** Adult leaves entire, nearly smooth. 36. S. reticulata, 27. 1908. (Wrinkled W.) Leaves orbicular, some- what elliptical, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, with reticulated veiny, nearly smooth ; glaucous beneath. Germen sessile, downy. Loftiest mount. T? . 6. Larger. Stems stout, spreading on the gr. *** Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. 37. S. glduca, 26, 1810. (Glaucous W.) Leaves nearly entire, ellip- tic-lanceolate ; even and nearly smooth above ; woolly and snow- white beneath. Footstalks decurrent. Germen sessile, ovate, woolly. Clova mts. T? . 5. Stout, bushy, 2 — 3 f. L. nearly 2 in. rather nar. 38. S.Stuartidna, 36. 2586. (Shaggy W.) Leaves nearly entire, ovate- lanceolate, acute ; shaggy above ; densely silky, somewhat cot- tony, beneath. Style as long as the almost sessile woolly ger- men. Stigmas capillary, deeply divided, the length of the style. Highl. of Scot. T? . 7, 8. Bushy, 2 — of L. half the size. 39. S. arendria, 26. 1809. (Downy W.) Leaves nearly entire, ovate, acute ; reticulated, and somewhat downy above ; veiny and densely woolly beneath. Style as long as the sessile woolly germen. Stigmas linear, deeply divided, the length of the style. Mts. of Scot. I? . 5, 6. Larger Sf stouter, most resembling sp. 37- 200 DIOECIA DIANDRIA. [CI. 22. 40. S. landta, Suppl. 2624. (Woolly W.) Leaves roundish-ovate, pointed, entire ; shaggy on both sides ; glaucous beneath. Ger- men sessile, oblong, smooth. Styles four times as long as the blunt, divided stigmas. Clova Mts. very rare. T? . 5. 3—4/ Br. thick, distorted. L. broad. 41. S. argentea, 19. 1364. (Silky Sand W.) Leaves elliptical, entire, somewhat revolute, with a recurved point; rather downy above; silky and shining beneath, as well as the branches. Germen ovate-lanceolate, silky ; its silky stalk nearly equal to the linear- oblong scale. Style not longer than the stigmas. Sandy sea-shores. T? . 5. Spreading, or erect, 4—5/. L. scarcely 1 in. 42. S.fcetida, S. adscendens, 28. 1962. (Fishy W.) Leaves elliptical, nearly entire, with a recurved point ; glaucous and silky beneath. Germen ovate-lanceolate, on a silky stalk nearly equal to the obovate scale. Heathy gr. 1? . 5. A low shrub. Br. long, recumb. Odour offensive. £. (S. p'arvifolia, 28. 1961) is smaller in every part. Odour the same. 43. S. repens, 3. 183. (Dwarf W.) Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, straight, somewhat pointed, nearly entire; almost naked above ; glaucous and silky beneath. Stipulas none. Germen stalked, ovate, downy. Capsules smooth. Sandy heaths. T? . h.Depres., often creep. Br. upr.S—4 in. L.\— f in. 44. S.fusca,2S. 1960. (Brownish Dwarf W.) Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, straight, flat, with a few glandular teeth ; glaucous and silky beneath. Stipulas none. Germen sessile, nearly smooth, tapering into an elongated style. Heathy mt. T? . 5. Bushy, erect, 6—12 in. Br. brownish, spread. 45. S. prostrdta, 28. 1959. (Prostrate W.) Leaves elliptic-oblong, convex, somewhat toothed, with a curved point ; glaucous, silky and veiny beneath. Stipulas minute. Germen stalked, ovate, silky. Style shorter than the stigmas. Heaths and comm. Tj . 3, 4. Stems in an entangled spreading mat. Br. 1 f. slender ; tough and downy. 46. S. inc'ubacea, Suppl. 2600. (Trailing W.) Leaves elliptic-lan- ceolate, pointed,straight, nearly entire ; convexand smooth above, with prominent reticulated veins ; glaucous and silky beneath. Catkins ovate-oblong. Stalks of the silky germens longer than the scales. Capsules smooth. Sandy pi. near the sea. T? . 5. Stems recumb. 2f. dark-brown. 47. S. Donidna, Suppl. 2599. (Rusty-branched W.) Leaves obo- vate-lanceolate, partly opposite, acute, straight, slightly serrated; livid and somewhat silky beneath. Catkins cylindrical. Germen stalked, silky, longer than the obovate bearded scales. Scot. T? . 5. 5 — 6f. Stem and br. erect, of a rusty brown. 48. S. rosmarinifolia,\9. 1365. (Rosemary-leaved W.) Leaves linear- lanceolate, pointed, straight, entire ; silky beneath. Catkins ovate, recurved. Germen stalked, lanceolate, silky. Moist sandy gr. Tj . 4. A slender upright shrub, 2 — 3f. silky. 49. S.ciyierea, 27. 1897. (Grey Sallow.) Lower leaves entire ; upper Ol'd. 1.] DIOECIA DIANDRIA. 201 serrated, obovate-lanceolate ; glaucous, downy, and reticulated with veins, beneath. Stipulas half-heart-shaped, serrated. Ger- inen silky ; its stalk half as long- as the lanceolate scales. Moist woods. T? . 4. Tree, 20 — 30/; bushy in hedges ; of a rusty glittering hue. 50. S. aur'ita, 21. 1487. (Round-eared S.) Leaves somewhat serrated, convex, obovate, obtuse, with a small hooked point ; hairy, and reticulated with veins, on both sides. Stipulas roundish, convex, toothed. Germen silky, stalked. Stigmas nearly sessile. Woody hills. T? .4,5. Bushy, 3 — 4f. Br. trailing, entangl. /3. smaller. *50. S. ambigua, Suppl. 2733. (Ambiguous S.) Leaves obovate- oblong, slightly serrated upwards; downy above; soft silky, and veiny beneath. Catkins lax. Germens lanceolate-subulate, very silky ; upon long hairy stalks. Style more or less elongated. Stigmas entire, undivided, obovate. Gravelly heaths. 7?. 5. 3 — Qf high, ivith dingy coloured bark ; and hoary, more or less silvery, leaves. 51. S. aquatica, 20. 1437. (Water S.) Leaves slightly serrated, obo- vate-elliptical, minutely downy, flat; rather glaucous beneath. Stipulas rounded, toothed. Germen silky, stalked. Stigmas nearly sessile. Wet hedges. Tj . 4. Small tree. Stem 8f br. erect. L. 2 in. flat. 52. S. oleifolia, 20. 1402. (Olive-leaved S.) Leaves obovate-lanceo- late, flat, rather rigid, minutely toothed, acute ; glaucous, reti- culated, and finely hairy, beneath. Stipulas small, notched, rounded. Catkins oval, nearly half as broad as long. Woods. T? . 3. Tree. Br. spreading, brown. Buds large. 53. S. cotinifolia, 20. 1403. (Quince-leaved S.) Leaves broadly el- liptical, nearly orbicular, slightly toothed ; glaucous and downy, with rectangular veins, beneath. Style as long as the linear notched stigmas. Thickets. T? . 4. Stem erect, 2 f. ; if sheltered, If Br. downy, spread. 54. S. hirta, 20. 1404. (Hairy-branched S.) Leaves elliptic-heart- shaped, pointed, finely crenate ; downy on both sides. Stipulas half-heart-shaped, flat, toothed, nearly smooth. Woods. T? . 4, 5. A small tree, erect. Br. hoary and densely hairy. *54. S. tenuifolia, Suppl. 2795. (Thin-leaved Willow.) Upright. Young shoots and leaf-stalks densely pubescent. Leaves ellipti- cal or oblong, flat with a recurved point, crenate, reticulated with sunken veins ; slightly hairy ; glaucous beneath. Stipulas half-heart-shaped. Catkins on a short stalk. Bracteas small. Calyx-scale oblong, shaggy. Germen naked, on a naked stalk. Style as long as the stigmas. Kirkby Lonsdale Bridge. T? . 4. 10-12/ high. 55. S. rupestris, 33. 2342. (Rock S.) Leaves obovate, acute, serrated, flat, even, silky on both sides. Stipulas hairy. Branches minutely downy. Germen stalked, awl-shaped, silky. Style as long as the blunt undivided stigmas. Rocks in Scot. 7? . 5. Shrub, with trailing stems, and dark col. br. k 2 202 DIOECIA DIANDRIA. [CI. 22. 5Q. S. Andersonidna, 33. 2343. (Mountain S.) Leaves elliptical, acute, fine!}- notched, slightly downy ; paler beneath. Stipulas half-ovate, nearly smooth. Branches minutely downy. Germen smooth; its stalk almost equal to the scale. Style cloven, longer, than the cloven stigmas. Woods. T? . 4, 5. Bushy, upright ; at first green, then sooty brown. L. bright green. *56. S. Damasccena, Suppl. 2709. (Damson-leaved S.) Erect. Young shoots densely hairy. Leaves ovate-rhomboidal, bluntly toothed ; silky when young, at length nearly naked ; green on both sides. Stipulas hall-heart-shaped. Catkins (in flower) longer than the floral leaves. Calyx-scales obovate. Germen stalked, naked. Style divided, longer than the diverging stigmas. South of Scotland. T? . 4. Too near S. Andersoniana. 57. S. Forsteriana,Q3. 2344. (Glaucous S.) Leaves elliptic-obovate, acute, crenate, slightly downy ; glaucous beneath. Stipulas vaulted. Germen stalked, awl-shaped, silky. Style as long as the blunt notched stigmas. Woods. T? . 5. A small tree, with finely downy br. L. 2 — 3 in. *57. S. petrcea, Suppl. 2725. (Dark-green Rock S.) Young shoots densely hairy. Leaves oblong, serrated, carinated, twisted, re- ticulated with deeply sunken veins ; beneath hairy, glaucous ; at length pale green. Stipulas half-heart-shaped, flattish, with few glands. Germen stalked, naked, wrinkled towards the point. Style divided, longer than the cloven stigmas. Mts. of Breadalbane. Tj . 5. Remarkable for the long, dark, shin- ing, wavy leaves and large stipules of its strong shoots. 10 — 15 f high. **57. S.prop'mqua, Suppl.2729.(Flat-leavedMount. S.) Erect. Young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves elliptical, obscurely crenate, nearly flat, with slightly sunken veins ; nearly naked on both sides ; pale green beneath. Stipulas small, vaulted, glandulose. Germen stalked, silky towards the point. Style longer than the notched stigmas. " Britain." Mr. Anderson. T? . Very near S. petrcea. 58. S. sphaceldta, 33. 2333. (Withered-pointed S.) Leaves elliptic- obovate, even, veiny, entire, or slightly serrated; downy on both sides ; discoloured at the point. Stipulas half-heart-shaped, toothed, erect. Germen stalked, ovate-lanceolate, silky. Stig- mas notched, longer than the style. Valley, near Loch Tay. T? . 4, 5. Small bushy tree, 6 — Sf. 59. S. caprea, 21. 1488. (Round-leaved S.) Leaves roundish-ovate, pointed, serrated, waved ; pale and downy beneath. Stipulas somewhat crescent-shaped. Catkins oval. Germen stalked, ovate, silky. Stigmas nearly sessile, undivided. Capsules swelling-. Woods. T? . 4. Tree. L. the largest and broadest of the genus. Buds large. 60. S. acuminata, 20. 1434. (Long-leaved S.) Leaves lanceolate- oblong-, pointed, wavy, finely toothed; glaucous and downy Ord. 1.] DIOECIA DIANDRIA. 203 beneath. Stipulas half-ovate ; then kidne)r-shaped. Catkins cylindrical. Germen stalked, ovate, hairy. Style as long as the undivided stigmas. Rather moist woods. T? . 4. Tree, scarcely so large. L. 3 — 4 in. by] in. 61. S. viminalis, 27. 1898. (Common Osier.) Leaves linear, inclining to lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed, entire, wavy ; snow-white and silky beneath. Germen sessile. Style as long as the linear undivided stigmas. Wet mead. & osier-holts. T2 . 4, 5. Tree, with long wand-like br. L. a span long, by ^ in. Valuable for basket-work. Also the Velvet O. a variety. 62. S. Smithidna, S. mollissima, 21. 1509. (Silky-leaved O.) Leaves lanceolate, pointed, slightly wavy, minutely toothed ; soft and scarce visibly downy above; whitish and silky beneath. Stipulas crescent-shaped, minute. Catkins ovate. Germen stalked. Style shorter than the linear, deeply divided, stigmas. Mead, and os. gr. T? . 4, 5. Shrub, with reddish, wand-like, but brittle twigs. *62. S.ferrugmea, Suppl. 2665. (Ferruginous O.) Leaves thin, lan- ceolate, with wavy crenatures and small teeth ; minutely hairy on both sides ; paler beneath. Stipulas small, half-ovate. Scales oblong-lanceolate. Germen silky, stalked. Style about as long- as the oblong stigmas. Banks of streams. 1?.5. A bushy shrub, 12 — 14/. high. 63. S. stipuldris, 17. 1214. (Auricled O.) Leaves lanceolate, pointed, slightly wavy, obscurely crenate ; soft and nearly naked above; white and downy beneath. Stipulas half-heart-shaped, stalked, very large. Nectary cylindrical. Germen ovate, nearly sessile, as well as the linear undivided stigmas. In osier-holts. Tj . 3. Shrub, with upright, downy, reddish, tall but brittle twigs. L. about a span, almost upright. 64. S. alba, 34. 2430. (Common White Willow.) Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, pointed, serrated, silky on both sides ; the lowest ser- ratures glandular. Stamens hairy. Germen smooth, almost sessile. Stigmas deeply cloven. Scales rounded. Moist woods. T? . 5, and 7. A tall tree. L. greyish-white. H. S. caerulea, 34. 2431. (Blue W.) A handsome tree, of great value, has not yet exhibited a sufficient specific distinction, not- withstanding its silvery blue colour. [S. babylonica, the hardy and elegant Weeping WTillow, with pen- dulous branches, and linear-lanceolate, smooth, and finely serrated leaves, is now a common ornament in the vicinity of water. It is a na- tive of Asia, and appears to have been introduced about 50 years ago.] 204 DIOECIA HEXANDRIA. [CI. 22. DIOECIA TRIANDRIA. 449. EMPETRUM. Crow-berry. 1. E. nigrum, 8. 526. (Black C.) Stem and branches procumbent. Mount, heaths, \ . 5. A trailing, dwarf, heath-like shrub, Berr. black. 450. RuSCUS. Butcher's-broom. ]. R. aculeatus, 8. 560. (Common B.) Leaves ovate, sharp-pointed, flowering on the upper-side, without a leaflet. Bushy heaths. ^ . 3, 4. A hard, rigid, dark-green shrub, 2/. Berry scarlet. DIOECIA TETRANDRIA. 451. VlSCUM. Misseltoe. 1. V. album, 21. 1471. (White M.) Leaves obovate-lanceolate, ob- tuse. Stem forked, with sessile intermediate heads, of about five flowers. Parasit. on trees. Tj . 5. Bushy, rigid,smooth, yellow-green. Berry white. 452. HIPPoPHAE. Sallow-thorn. 1. H. rhamnoides, 6. 425. (Common S., Sea Buckthorn.) Leaves linear-lanceolate. Sandy cliffs. T? . 5. A bushy, rigid shrub. L. 1^ in. Fl. gr. minute. 453. MYRlCA. Gale. 1. M. Gale, 8.562. (Sweet G. or Dutch Myrtle.) Leaves lanceolate, serrated ; tapering and entire at the base. Scales of the catkins pointed. Boggy pi. Tj . 5. An upright, bushy shrub, 3 — 4/. Fragrant. DIOECIA PENTANDRIA. 454. HuMULUS. Hop. 1. H. Lupulus, 6. 427. (Common Hop.) Hedges & thick. %. 7. Rough, climbing. Cones aromat. and bitter. DIOECIA HEXANDRIA. 455. TAMUS. Black Bryony. 1. T. communis, 2. 91. (Common Black Bryony.) Leaves heart- shaped, undivided, acute. Woods & hedg. If. . G. Smooth, twining, and climbing without tendr. Ord. 7.] DIOECIA ENNEANDKIA. 205 DIOECIA OCTANDRIA. 456. PoPULUS. Poplar. 1. P. alba, 23. 1618. (White P., Abele Tree.) Leaves lobed and toothed ; somewhat heart-shaped at the base ; snow-white and densely downy beneath. Fertile catkins ovate. Stigmas four. Moist woods. T? . 3. Tree, with smoothish bark, and horizont. br. Wood white. 2. P. canescens, 23. 1619. (Grey P.) Leaves roundish, deeply waved, toothed ; hoary and downy beneath. Fertile catkins cylindrical. Stigmas eight. Turfy mead. Tj . 3. A tall tree, with more upright br. Bark silvery. Wood valuable. 3. P. tremula, 27. 1909. (Aspen, or Trembling P.) Leaves nearly orbicular, toothed ; smooth on both sides. Footstalks compressed. Young branches hairy. Stigmas four, erect, auricled at the base. Moist woods. \i . 3, 4. A lofty round-headed tree. L. quivering. 4. P. nigra, 27. 1910. (Black P.) Leaves deltoid, pointed, serrated, smooth on both sides. Catkins all lax and cylindrical. Stigmas four, simple, spreading. Watery pi. \ . 3. A tall tree. Bark thick, blackish. 457. RHODl'OLA. Rose-root. 1. R. rosea, 8. 508. (Mountain Rose-root.) Fiss. of alpine and northern maritime rocks. If. 5, 6. Leafy, a span. L. obov. fleshy. Cyme of yellow Ji. DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA. 458. MERCURliLIS. Mercury. 1. M. perennis, 26. 1872. (Perennial M.) Stem perfectly simple. Leaves rough. Root creeping. Banks. If. 4, 5. Herb, rough, fetid, poisonous, If. L. ovate. Fl.gr. 2. M. annua, 8. 559. (Annual M.) Stem cross-branching. Leaves smooth. Root fibrous. Barren flowers in numerous, spiked, al- ternate tufts. Waste and cult. gr. 0. 7 — 9. A bushy, bright green herb, 6 — 12 in. 459. HYDR6CHARIS. Frog-bit. 1. H. Morsus rana, 12. 808. (Common Frog-bit.) Ditches and ponds. If. 7. A floating, smooth herb, increasing by runners. L. entire, not 2 in. broad. Fl. nurner. white. 206 POLYGAM1A MONOECIA. [CI. 23. DIOECIA MONADELPHIA. 460. JUNlPERUS. Juniper. 1. J. communis, 16. 1100. (Common J.) Leaves three in each whorl, tipped with a spine, spreading, longer than the ripe fruit. Hills and moist woods. T? . 5. An erect, bushy, stnooth shrub. 2. J. nana, Suppl. 2743. (Dwarf J.) Leaves three in each whorl, tipped with a spine, somewhat imbricated, curved, the length of the oval ripe fruit. Mount. T? . 5. A dwarf shrub, with prostrate stems. Berr. larger. — Var. of J. communis. 461. TAXUS. Yew. 1. T.baccdta, 11.746, (Common Yew.) Leaves two-ranked, crowded, linear, flat. Receptacle of the barren flowers globular. Mount, woods. Tj . 3, 4. Tree. Trunk straight, variously channelled. Branches horizontal. In (b,from Ireland, the branches are up- right, and the leaves larger and scattered. A distinct species f Class XXIII. POLYGAMIA. Stamens and Pistils united in the same flower, be- sides others in separate flowers, having a different structure in their accessary parts, on the same or different plants. Order I. MONOECIA. Flowers different on the same plant. 462. ATRIPLEX. United ji. Cal. inferior, in 5 deep segments. Cor. 0. Stam. 5. Style deeply cloven. Seed 1, depressed. Fert. Fl. Cal. inferior, in 2 deep segments. Cor. 0. Style deeply cloven. Seed 1, compressed. — N.O. Chenopode^e. POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. 462. ATRIPLEX. Orache. [Herbaceous or shrubby, branched, mostly upright. L. simple, without stipulas. Stam. opposite to the calyx-segm. 1. A. portulacoides, 4. 261. (Shrubby O., Sea Purslane.) Leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate, entire ; tapering at the base. Flowers generally completely separated. Ord. 1.] CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. 207 Muddy sea-coast. T? . 7, 8. R. woody. Stem shrubby, 1 — \\f spread- ing. L. hoary, or mealy. 2. A. laciniata, 3. 165. (Frosted Sea O,) Leaves trowel-shaped, angular and toothed ; scaly beneath. Sandy sea-coast. 0. 7. liootjibr. Herbaceous, spreading ; clothed with silvery scales. 3. A.patula, 13. 936. (Halberd-leaved O.) Leaves triangular, lanceo- late, somewhat halberd-shaped. Calyx of the fruit tuberculated at the sides. Cult. & waste gr. 0 . 6 — 8. Herb, spread. L. powdery. Seed dotted. 4. A. angustifolia, 25. 1774. (Narrow-leaved O.) Leaves lanceolate, entire; the lower ones partly three-lobed. Calyx of the fruit halberd-shaped, slightly warty at the sides. Cult. & waste gr. 0 . 6 — 8. Habit of the last. Seed scarcely dotted. 5. A. erecta, 31. 2223. (Upright O.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate ; lower ones sinuated. Calyx of the fruit all over armed with sharp tubercles. Waste gr. rare. 0. 8. Herbaceous, erect. L. slightly powdery. Fr. small. 6. A. littordlis, 10.708. (Grass-leaved O.) Leaves all linear, entire, variously toothed, or sinuated. Calyx of the fruit sinuated ; its disk armed with prominent tubercles. Salt marshes. 0.7,8. Herb, erect, a little mealy. L. 2 — 4 in. 7. A. pedunculata, 4. 232. (Stalked O.) Leaves obovate, entire. Seed-bearing flowers stalked, wedge-shaped. Muddy salt-marshes. 0. 7, 8. Herb, zigzag, spreading, greyish, all over scaly. Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA. Stamens and Pistils either imperfectly, or not at all9 known ; or not to be numbered with any precision. The Orders are all perfectly natural. Order I. FILICES. Ferns. Frond with dorsal, termi- nal, axillary, or radical fructification. * Capsules aggregate, on the bach of a leafy frond, bivalve, each bound with an elastic jointed ring, contrary to the valves. Subord. Filices veiue. [The roots of the True Ferns are perennial, either tuberous or creep- ing, scaly, often parasitical. Plants mostly herbaceous ; either ever- 208 CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. [CI. 24. green or deciduous. Frond with a simple or alternately branching stalk ; the leaf ribbed, veiny ; either simple or variously divided ; bearing the fructification at the back, very seldom at the edges. The membranous Cover, or Involucrum, which protects the masses of capsules till they arrive at maturity, affords highly useful cha- racters for distinguishing and establishing the genera.] 463. POLYPoDIUM. Capsules in roundish scattered masses. Cover none. 464. ASPlDIUM. Caps.'m roundish scattered masses. Cover nearly orbicular ; fixed by the centre, separating all round. 465. CYSTeA. Caps, in roundish scattered masses. Cover orbicular, concave ; fixed by a lateral point underneath, finally reflexed and jagged. 471. WoODSI A. Caps, in roundish scattered masses. Cover round- ish ; fixed by a central stalk under each mass ; the margin in numerous, deep, capillary, incurved segments. 466. ASPLENIUM. Caps, in linear, scattered masses. Cover linear, separating at the side towards a midrib or vein. 467. SCOLOPeNDRIUM. Caps, in nearly linear, twin, scattered masses, between 2 parallel veins. Covers 2, linear, opposite, folding over each other. 468. BLeCHNUM. Caps, in linear, solitary masses, close to the midrib. Cover linear, flat, separating towards the rib. 469. PTeRIS. Caps, in linear, nearly marginal masses. Cover from the inflexed margin of the frond, wavy, continuous, separating at its inner edge. 470. ADlANTUM. Caps, on the back of each rounded, reflexed, marginal, distinct cover, in small, roundish, central masses. 472. TRICH6MANES. Caps, in oblong masses, imbedded in the edge of the frond. Cover marginal, pitcher-shaped, of one leaf, opening outwards. 473. HYMENOPHfLLUM. Caps, in roundish masses, imbedded in the edge of the frond. Cover marginal, compressed, of two valves, opening outwards. Capsules, or seeds, without any distinct elastic ring. [Habit various ; mostly herbaceous, and growing in or near watery places.] 478. EQUISeTUM. Catkins terminal. Seeds separately embraced by 4 spiral filaments, presumed to bear pollen. — Subord. Equisetace^e. 476. OPHIOGLoSSUM. Spike 2-ranked. Caps. bivalve, imbedded. — Subord. Filices ver^e. 474. OSMuNDA. Cluster branched. Caps, stalked, naked, globular, with a striated protuberance. — Subord. Filices verjE. 475. BOTRyCHIUM. Commonstalk compound, flattened. Caps. sessile, naked, globular, simple. — Subord. Filices ver^e. Oi'd. L] CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. 209 477. LYCOPoDIUM. Caps, axillary, solitary, compressed. — Sub- ORD. LYCOPODIACE^E. 479. PILULARIA. Common recept. of 4 cells, concealing- nume- rous barren and fertile Jiorets. Seeds coated. — Subord. MaRSILEACEjE. 480. ISOeTES. Comm. recept. of 1 cell, within the base of the frond. Seeds rough. — Subord. MarsileacejE. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. 463. POLYP6DIUM. Polypody. 1. P. vulgare, 16. 1149. (Common P.) Frond deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, somewhat serrated, obtuse. Root scaly. Walls, & shady banks. If. . 5 — 10. Frond 9 — 12 in. Caps, crowd. 2. P. Phegopteris, 31. 2224. (Pale Mountain P.) Frond pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, united at the base, pinnatifid, with blunt seg- ments ; the lowest pair deflexed. Ribs and veins hairy. Masses of capsules marginal. Northern mt. If. 6, 7. Fr. 1 — ^hf delicate, pale gr. Caps. fewer. 3. P. Dryopteris, 9. 616. (Tender Three-branched P.) Frond three- branched ; branches doubly pinnate, spreading rather down- wards ; segments obtuse, somewhat crenate. Root thread- shaped. Masses of capsules scattered, distinct. Shady mount, pi. If. 7. Fr. If. green, delicate. Stalk pale, brittle. 4. P. calcdreum, 22. 1525. (Rigid Three-branched P.) Frond three- branched ; branches doubly pinnate, erect, rather rigid ; seg- ments obtuse, somewhat crenate. Masses of capsules crowded, finally confluent. Limest. mount., Derby sh. l(..l. R. stouter. Fr. firmer, If. 464. ASPlDIUM. Shield-fern. 1. A. Lonchitis, 12. 797. (Alpine Sh.) Frond linear-lanceolate, sim- ply pinnate ; leaflets crescent-shaped, declining, bristly-serrated. Stalks scaly. Alp. rocks. If. 5, 6. A span ; harsh. Masses of caps, in the upper half. 2. A. fhelypteris, 15, 1018. (Marsh Sh.) Frond pinnate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, smooth, somewhat crenate; their lowermost segments elongated. Masses globular ; at length confluent. Cover central, lax. Root trailing. Boggy mead. % . 7. Fr. 1 — \\f. deep green ; stalks slender, naked. 3. A. Oreopteris, 15. 1019. (Heath Sh.) Frond pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid, entire ; besprinkled underneath with resinous 210 CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. [CI. 24. globules. Masses nearly marginal, at length confluent. Root tufted. Heathy mount. If . 6. Thrice as large. R. large and scaly. 4. A. Filix mas, 21. 1458. (Male Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate ; leaflets obtuse, serrated, partly confluent. Stalk scaly. Masses near the midrib. Cover orbicular. Woods and shady pi. If.. 6,7. R. like the last. Fr. 3f Masses copious. 5. A. cristdtum, 30. 2125. (Crested Sh.) Frond linear-oblong, almost doubly pinnate; leaflets decurrent, ovate, obtuse, crenate, orpin- natifid, with little sharp terminal teeth. Stalk scaly at the base. Masses equidistant from the midrib and margin. Cover orbicular. Boggy heaths, ver}*- rare : Norf. Suff. and Notts. {Dr. Howitt.) If. 6, 7. R. tufted. Fr. 1 — 2 f. pale yellowish-green. 6. A. aculedtum, 22. 1562. (Prickly Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, pointed, stalked, somewhat crescent-shaped, fringed with prickly serratures. Midribs all scaly or shaggy. Cover orbicular, flat. Shady pi. If. 6. R. tufted, large. Fr. 2f. dark green, paler beneath. 7. A. angidare, Suppl. 2776. (Angular-leaved Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, bluntish, stalked, fringed with bristly serratures, each leaflet with a lateral lobe at the base ; the lowermost elongated, partly pinnatifid. Stalk scaly. Ribs all shaggy. Cover orbicular, umbilicated. Shady pi. If. 7. Softer and more delicate. Leajl. more copious. Masses crowded. 8. A. lobdtum, 22. 1563. (Close-leaved Prickly Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate ; leaflets elliptical, pointed, decurrent, slightly crescent- shaped, somewhat serrated ; the foremost of the lowest pair very large. Stalk and midrib scaly. Cover orbicular, umbilicated. Shady banks. If. 6. Fr. firmer, narrower, of a paler green, and more polished. *8. A. rigidum, Suppl. 2724. (Rigid Sh.) Frond lanceolate, bipin- nate. Leaflets subcordate-oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid-serrate ; the segments subbidentate ; the teeth mucronulate. Stalk and midrib chaffy. Masses in the upper half of the frond. Mountains of Yorkshire. If. 6. Smaller than the following ; with narrower fronds and more closely placed leaflets. 9. A. spinulosum,2\. 1460. (Prickly-toothed Sh.) Frond somewhat triangular, smooth, doubly pinnate ; leaflets decurrent, on a winged stalk, elliptical, deeply serrated, with prickly teeth, and a zigzag midrib. Stalk elongated, scaly at the base. Cover orbicular, with a lateral notch. Marshy pi. rare.lf . 6, 7. R. somewhat creep. Fr. If. of a fine light green. 10. A. dilatdtum, 21. 1461. (Sharp-toothed Sh.) Frond doubly pin- nate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid ; lobes deeply serrated, with prickly teeth. Common stalk scaly. Cover kidney-shaped, tumid; finely orbicular, with a lateral notch. — A. spinulos. /3. Br. Fl. Old. 1.] CRYPTO GAM I A FILICES. 211 Moist shady pi. If . 6, 7. R. tuberous. Fr. general/.// 2f. ; midribs straight. 1 1 . A. dumetorum, Pluk. Phy t. tab. 80. f. 4. (Thicket Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; lobes with terminal, sharp, prickly teeth. Common stalk scaly. Cover orbicular, flat, with a deep notch. Shady stony pi. If. 7. One-third the size, but agreeing in habit. Masses few. — A var. of A. spinulos. ? 12. A. Filix fcemina, 21. 1459. (Female Sh.) Frond doubly pinnate; leaflets linear-oblong, pinnatifid, serrated, pointless. Stalk smooth. Cover oblong, finally somewhat kidney-shaped, jagged. Wet shady sit. If . 6, 7. R. tufted. Elegant, 2f.ofa rich deep green. 13. A. irr'iguum, 31. 2199. (Brook Sh.) Frond lanceolate, doubly pinnate ; leaflets oblong, deeply serrated, pointless. Stalk qua- drangular. Cover roundish-oblong, finally kidney-shaped, jagged. About clear springs in the South. If. 6. Not unlilie the last, but scarcely \ so large. Fronds narrower, and of a paler green. 465. CYSTEA. Bladder-fern Cystopteris, Br. Fl. 1. C.fragilis, Cyathea fr. 23. 1587. (Brittle B.) Frond oblong-lan- ceolate, doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, pinnatifid, cut or serrated. Midribs bordered. Masses crowded. Cover irregularly torn. Wet shady rocks, or walls ; in mountainous districts. If. 6, 7. JR. tufted. Fr. a span ; of a full green. 2. C. dentata, Cyath. dent. 23. 'l588. (Toothed B.) Frond oblong- lanceolate, doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, pointless, bluntly toothed, partly pinnatifid. Partial midribs bordered. Masses crowded ; finally confluent. Among alpine rocks. If. 7. Like the last, but rather smaller. 3. C. angustdta, Suppl. 2790. (Deep-cut B.) Frond oblong, doubly pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, decurrent, wavy, or pinnatifid, with linear, acute, partly cloven segments. Masses scattered, distinct. Shady alpine sit. If. 6, 7. R. tufted, black. Fr. 12—15 in. Stalk slender, blackish. 4. C. regia, Cyath. incisa, 3. 163. (Laciniated B.) Frond lanceolate, doubly pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid, with oblong, blunt, partly notched segments. Partial stalks winged. Masses nume- rous, scattered, distinct Cystopteris alp., Br. Fl. Walls & alp. rocks, rare. If . 6. 3 — 10 in. bright gr. Ribsstraightish. 466. ASPLeNIUM. Spleenwort. 1. A. Trichomanes, 8. 576. (Common S.) Frond linear, pinnate; leaflets roundish-ovate, crenate. Midrib coloured, polished; keeled underneath. Rocks & walls. If . 3 — 10. Fr. several, scarcely a span. Stalk blackish . 2. A. viride, 32. 2257. (Green S.) Frond linear, pinnate ; leaflets 212 CRYPTOGAMIA FIL1CES. [CI. 24. roundish -ovate, somewhat deltoid, crenate. Midrib flattened beneath. Mt. rocks. If • 6, 7. Like the last, but brighter green. Rib pale gr. 3. A. marinum, 6. 392. (Sea S.) Frond oblong, pinnate ; leaflets ovate, oblique, serrated, obtuse ; unequal and wedge-shaped at the base. Clefts of marit. rocks. 2f . 7—10. Fr.firm, 3—9 in. Stalk dark- col. Rib with a thick border. 4. A. septentriondle, 15. 1017. (Forked S.) Frond three-cleft ; leaf- lets alternate, linear, jagged at the summit. Alpine rocks ; rare. If . 6 — 10. Fr. innumer. in dense, dull green tufts, 3 — 4 in. 5. A. alter nifolium, 32. 2258. (Alternate-leaved S.) Frond pinnate ; leaflets alternate, wedge-shaped, erect, notched at the extremity. Rocky mt.lf . 6 — 10. Fr. numer. 3 — 6 in. bright gr. Masses linear. 6. A. Ruta muraria,3. 150. (Wall-rue S.) Frond alternately twice compound ; leaflets rhomboid-wedge-shaped, notched at the extremity. Rocks & old walls. If. 6 — 10. Fr. several, 3 — 4 m. like Rue-leaves. 7. A. Adiantum nigrum, 28. 1950. (Black S.) Frond somewhat deltoid, alternately thrice-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, sharpish, deeply serrated. Shady pi. If . 6 — 10. Fr. \ f. dark shining green. Stalk purplish br. 8. A. lanceoldtum, 4. 240. (Lanceolate S.) Frond lanceolate, doubly pinnate ; leaflets and segments obovate, deeply and sharply toothed. Principal midrib not bordered. Rocks in the S.lf. 6 — 10. Fr. scarce a span, grass-green. Stalks shorter. 9. A.fontdnum, Aspidium font. 29. 2024. (Rock S.) Frond linear- lanceolate, doubly pinnate; leaflets and segments wedge-shaped, deeply and sharply toothed. General and partial midribs bordered. Walls & rocks, rare. If . 6 — 9. An elegant little fern; 2 — 6 in. light gr. 467. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Hart's-tongue. 1. S. vulgdre, 16. 1150. (Common H.) Frond oblong, smooth; heart-shaped at the base. Stalk shaggy. Moist shady sit. If. 7- 1 — Hj^ of a full grass green. 2. S. Ceterach, 18. 1244. (Scaly H.) Frond pinnatifid; scaly at the back. On rocks or old walls. If .4 — 10.3 — 6 in.slightly glauc; scales rusty. 468. BLeCHNUM. Hard-fern. 1. B. boreale, 17. 1159. (Northern H.) Frond smooth, pinnate, pec- tinate ; leaflets linear, entire, scarcely dilated at the base. Rough heathy gr. If . 7. Fr. tufted, lanceol. deep green, \%f. 469. PTERIS. Brake. 1. P. aquilina, 24. 1679. (Common Brake.) Frond thrice pinnate; Ol'd. 1.] CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. 213 segments lanceolate, bluntish ; lowermost pinnatifid ; upper gra- dually smallest ; terminal ones large, undivided. Heaths & commons, abund. If. . 7. Fr. 1 — 6 f of a light bright gr. the margins revolute, sheltering the linear masses of tawny caps. 2. P. crispa, 17. 1160. (Curled, or Rock, Brake.) Frond twice or thrice pinnate ; barren leaflets wedge-shaped, cut ; fertile ellip- tic-oblong, obtuse, convex. — Cryptogram ma crispa, Br, Fl. Stony mount. If. 7. About a span high, bright pea green. 470. ADlANTUM. Maidenhair. 1. A. Capillus Veneris, 22. 1564. (True M.) Frond doubly com- pound ; leaflets alternate, wedge-shaped, lobed, on capi!lor" stalks. Covers transversely oblong. Moist rocks, chiefly in the S. W., very rare. 11. 5 — 9. A most elegant fern, 6 — 12 in. Stalks ultimately quite capillary, whence the name. All. WoODSIA. Woodsia. 1. W. ilvensis, Suppl. 2616. (Oblong W.) Leaflets oblong, deeply pinnatifid. with oblong segments. Alp, rocks, very rare.l£. 7 — 9. 3 — 5 in. Stalk brown, elastic i- wiry. 2. W. hyperborea, Folypodium hyperboreum, 29; 2o23. (Rounded L. W.) Leaflets bluntly triang-n!- p;liriatifid, with rounded seg. :»e rocks, very rare. i/. 6. 2—4 in., more rusty. Stalk less elastic. Leafl. shorter, rounder, and broader at the base. 472. TRICHoMANES. Bristle-fern. 1. T. foerwta/^Hymenophyllum alatum, 20. 1417. (Short-styled B.) Fiond thrice pinnatifid, lobed, smooth; segments linear, entire. Stalk winged. Covers oblong. Common receptacles at first but slightly prominent. Wet rocks, very rare ; chiefly in the S. of Irel. If.. 5,6. Fr. 4—5 in. membranous, deep green. 473. HYMENOPHyLLUM. Filmy-fern. 1. H. Tunbridgense, 3. 162. (Tunbridge F.) Fronds tender, pin- nate ; pinna? distichous, vertical, pinnatifid; the segments linear, undivided or 2-cleft, and, as well as the axillary, solitary, nearly orbicular, compressed involucre, spinulose-serrate. Midrib strongly veined. Moist rocks, among moss, in mount, distr. If. 5,6. Tender and delicate. Pinna on the same plane with the winged midrib. *2. H. Wilsuni, Suppl. 2686. (Scottish F.) Fronds rigid, pinnate ; pinna' recurved, subunilateral, pinnatifid ; the segments linear, undivided or two-cleft, spinulose-serrate. Involucres axillary, solitary, ovate, swollen, entire. Midrib only slightly margined towards the extremity. Wet rocks, N. of Engl, and Wales. Abundant in the mount, parts 214 CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. [CI. 24. of Scotl. and Irel. If. 5, 6. More rigid ; with a quite distinct mode of growth, the pinnce being strongly curved backwards, in a direction contrary to that of the fructification. 474. OSMuNDA. Osmund-royal. 1. O. regdlis, 3. 209. (Common O.) Leaflets oblong, nearly entire ; dilated, and somewhat auricled, at the base. Clusters panieled, terminal. Shady bogs and woods ; not comm. If. 6, 7. Fr. 3 — 6 f. Pan. comp. A large and beautiful fern. ±15. BOTRYCHIUM. Moonwort. 1. B. lunaria, Osmunda lun. 5. 318. (Common M.) Leaf solitary, pinnate ; leaflets fan-shaped, notched. Mount, past. If. 6. A span high, smooth, pale green. 476. OPHIOGL6SSUM. Adder's-tongue. 1. "O. vulgatum, 2. 108. (Common A.) Leaf ovate, veinless, about as tall as the spike. Moist pst- "4-5. Scarcely a span high, green, smooth, simple. 477. L: MUM, Club-moss. i. L. clavatum, 4. 224. (Common C.) Stem creeping. Branches ascending; partially almost naked. Leaves scattered, incurved, with filamentous points. Spikes two or three, cylindrical, stalked, with dilated, membranous scales. Heaths. If . 7, 8. Sterns several feet. Spikes sulphur-coloured. 2. L. Selaginoides, 16. 1148. (Prickly C.) Stems recumbent, branch- ed ; shorter than the solitary, ascending, tumid spikes. Leaves scattered, lanceolate, fringed ; the floral ones larger and more spreading. Wet alp. heaths. If. 8. Stems 3 in. terminating in a yellow spike. 3. L. inundation, 4. 239. (Marsh C.) Stems depressed, creeping, slightly branched. Leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, pointless, entire. Spikes solitary ; their scales dilated at the base. Wet sandy heaths. If. 6, 7. Spikes solit. 1 — 1^- in. on upright br. 4. L. Seldgo, 4. 233. (Fir C.) Stems upright, forked, level-topped. Leaves in eight rows, uniform, lanceolate, pointless, entire, slightly spreading. Moist alp. heaths. If. 6 — 8. A span high. L. of a bright shining gr. 5. L. annotinum, 24. 1727. (Interrupted C.) Stems recumbent at the base ; branches erect, annually proliferous at the summit. Leaves scattered, in five rows, lanceolate, acute, naked-pointed, slightly serrated ; the floral ones broader than they are long, imbricated. Mts. rare ; chiefly in the N. If. 6 — 8. Handsome. Flowering br. erect, above a sjian high. Ord. 1.] CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. 215 6. L. alpinum, 4. 234. (Savin-leaved CO Stems prostrate. Branches erect, clustered, forked, level-topped. Leaves acute, keeled, im- bricated in four rows. Scales of the spikes ovate-lanceolate, flat. Lofty mts. If, 8. A handsome evergreen, of a glaucous hue. 478. EQUISETUM. Horse-tail. 1. E. sylvaticum, 27. 1874. (Wood H.) Branches compound, curved downwards, smooth. Moist shady woods.lf. 4, 5. 1 — 1 If. with many whorls. Very eleg. 2. E.Jfuvidtile, 29. 2022. ( Water H.) Sterile stems beset with innu- merable, roughish, doubly angular branches ; flowering ones un- branched, with numerous, crowded, deeply toothed sheaths. Watery pi. If. 4. The largest sp. Fl. stems a span. Catk. large. 3. E. arvense, 29. 2020. (Corn H.) Frond attenuated upwards. Sterile stem slightly scabrous, with 12 — 14 furrows. Teeth of the sheath lanceolate-subulate. Branches simple, rather spread- ing. Fertile stem without branches ; its sheaths remote, loose. Moist corn-fields. If. 3 — 4. Fl.-stems a span high ; pale br. *3. E. Drummondii, Suppl. 2777. (Blunt-topped H.) Frond very obtuse at the extremity. Sterile stem, especially upwards, rough with prominent points and about 20 striae. Teeth of the sheath appressed. Branches simple, spreading. Fertile stem without branches ; its sheaths approximate, appressed, with subulate teeth. Moist banks, Scotl. and Irel. If. 4. Very distinct from the preceding. 4. E. palustre, 29. 2021. (Marsh U..) Stem deeply furrowed, branched throughout, with a terminal catkin ; branches simple, erect, roughish, with simple angles. Marshes. If. 6, 7. Sheaths green ; whitish at the top. Catk. small. 5. E. limosum, 13. 929. (Smooth H.J Stem partially naked, striated, smooth as well as the branches. Catkin terminal, elliptical. Marshy watery pi. If. 6, 7. Stem 2f. Br. short, not numer. Catk. large. 6. E. hyemale, 13.915. (Rough H. Shave-grass. ) Stem naked, very rough, mostly branching at the base. Sheaths whitish ; black at the top and bottom ; teeth deciduous. Catkin terminal. Boggy woods. If . 7, 8. 1 — 2/. deep glauc. green. Catk. small, br. The bark, abounding in silex, is used for polishing ; being im- ported under the name of Dutch rushes. 7. E. variegdtum, 28. 1987. (Variegated H.) Stem naked, very rough, branched at the base. Sheaths black ; with white, mem- branous, lanceolate teeth. Catkin terminal. Wet sandy gr. If. 7. Smaller and more slender. Catk. blackish. 479. PILULARIA. Pillwort. 1. P. globul'tfera, 8. 521. (Creeping Pillwort. Pepper-grass.) Watery gravelly pi. If. 6, 7. Stems thread- sh. creeping, partly 216 CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. [CI. 24. branched. Fructification close to the leaves, globular, blackish, resembling pepper-corns, but downy. 480. ISOeTES. Quill-wort. 1. I. lacustris, 16. 1084. (European Q., Merlin's grass,) Fronds bluntly quadrangular, with four longitudinal cells. Alpine lakes. If. 5, 6. Stem 0. Fr. awl-shaped, tufted, 3—9 in. Seeds pure white. INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. Acer Page 81, 84 Anthoxanthum Page 4, 8 Aceras . 171 173 Anthriscus . 40, 60 Achillea . 156 169 Anthyllis . 143, 145 Aconitum . 112 116 Antirrhinum . 121, 127 Acorus . 70 74 Apargia . 154, 158 Actsea . Ill, 113 Apium . 42, 63 Adiantum . 208, 213 Aquilegia . 112, 116 Adonis . 112 117 Arabis . 131, 137 Adoxa . 81 86 Arbutus . 87, 89 ./Egopodium . 42 63 Arctium . 154, 161 iEthusa . 42 62 Arenaria . 88, 96 Agrimonia . 100 101 Aristolochia . 172, 176 Agrostemma . 88 98 Artemisia . 155, 164 Agrostis 9, 18 Arum . 179, 191 Aira . 10 19 Arundo . 11, 27 Ajuga . 119 121 Asarum . 100, 101 Alchemilla . 30 , 35 Asparagus . 69, 73 Alisma . 70 80 Asperugo . 38, 47 Allium . 69 , 71 Asperula . 29, 31 Alnus . 177 , 189 Aspidium . 208, 209 Alopecurus 9 17 Asplenium . 208, 211 Althaea . 140 141 Aster . 156, 167 Alyssum . 130 132 Astragalus . 143, 149 Amaranthus . 178 , 190 Athamanta . 41, 64 Anagallis . 38 , 48 Atriplex . 206, 206 Anchusa . 38 46 Atropa . 39, 53 Andromeda . 87 , 89 Avena . 11, 26 Anemone . 112 , 116 Azalea . 38, 49 Angelica . 43 , 64 Anthemis . 156 169 Ballota . -N^ . 120, 125 Anthericum . 69 73 Barbarea \ 131, 136 218 INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. Bartsia . Page 120 Bellis . . 155 Berberis . . 69 Beta . . .40 Betonica . .119 Betula . . .179 Bidens . . ,155 Blechnum . . 208 Borago . . .38 Botrychium . . 208 Brassica . .132 Briza ... 10 Bromus . . .11 Bryonia . .178 Buffonia . . 30 Bunium . . 41 Bupleurum . . 4- Butomus . . 87 Buxus . . .177 Cakile . . .130 Callitriche . . 1 Calluna . .81 Caltha . . .112 Camelina . .131 Campanula . . 39 Cardamine . .131 Carduus , . 154 Carex . . .177 Carlina . . .154 Carpinus . .179 Carum . . 42 Caucalis . 41 Centaurea . . 154 Centunculus . . 30 Cerastium . . 1 Ceratophyllum . 178 Chserophyllum . 40 Chara 1 Cheiranthus . .131 Chelidonium . .111 Chenopodium . . 40 Cherleria . . 88 Chlora . . .81 Chrysanthemum . 155 Chrysoccma . .155 Chrysosplenium . 80 Cichorium . .154 Cicuta . . .4! 126 168 77 57 124 191 163 212 47 214 138 23 25 190 35 61 65 87 189 135 3 83 119 133 49 135 161 182 163 192 64 60 170 34 99 190 61 2 137 113 56 97 83 168 163 82 161 62 Cineraria Circaea Cistus Cladium Clematis Clinopodium Cnicus Cnidium . Cochlearia Colchicum Comarum Conium Convallaria Convolvulus Conyza Corallorhiza Coriandrurn Cornus Corrigiola Corylus Cotyledon Crambe Crepis Crithmum Crocus Cuscuta . Cyclamen Cynodon Cynoglossum Cynosurus Cyperus Cypripedium Cystea Dactylis Daphne Datura Daucus Delphinium Dei.taria Dianthus Digitalis Digitaria Diotis Dipsacus Doronicum Draba Drosera Drvas Page 156, 168 . 3, 4 . Ill, 114 . 4, 8 . 112, 116 . 120, 125 . 154, 162 . 42, 65 . 130, 134 . 70, 79 . 102, 111 . 42, 62 . 69, 73 . 38, 49 . 155, 165 . 171, 176 . 40, 62 . 30, 34 . 44, 67 . 179, 192 . 88, 97 . 130, 135 . 154, 160 . 41, 63 . 8, 12 . 40, 58 . 38, 48 . 9, 17 . 38, 46 . 10, 23 . 9, 13 . 171, 176 . 208, 211 . JO, 23 . 81, 84 . 38, 53 . 41, 60 . 112, 115 . 131, 135 . 88, 93 . 120, 129 . 10, 19 . 155, 163 . 29, 31 . 155, 168 . 130, 132 . 44, 68 . 102, 111 INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. 219 Echinophora Page 41, 60 Hedera . Page 39, 55 Echium . 37, 47 Hedysarum . 143, 148 Elatine . 81, 86 Helleborus . 112, 119 Eleocharis 9, 15 Heracleum . 43, 66 Elymus • 11, 28 Herminium . 171, 174 Empetrum . 192, 204 Herniaria . 40, 56 Epilobium . 81, 82 Hesperis . 131, 137 E pi medium . 30, 34 Hieracium . 154, 158 Epipactis . 171, 175 Hierochloe . 10, 21 Equisetum . 208, 215 Hippocrepis . . 143, 148 Erica . 81, 84 Hippophae . 193, 204 Erigeron . 155, 165 Hippuris 1, 2 Eriocaulon . 178, 190 Holcus . 10, 20 Eriophorum . 9, 15 Holosteum 11, 29 Erodium . 139, 140 Hordeum • 11, 28 Ervum . 143, 147 Hottonia 38, 48 Eryngium . 40, 59 Humulus . 193, 204 Erysimum . 131, 136 Hutchinsia . 130, 132 Erythraea . 38, 53 Hyacinth us 69, 73 Euonymus 39, 54 Hydrocharis . . 194, 205 Eupatorium . 154, 163 Hydrocotyle . • 42, 65 Euphorbia . 176, 179 Hymenophyllum . 208, 213 Euphrasia . 120, 127 Hyoscyamus 38, 53 Exacum 30, 33 Hypericum • 152, 152 Hypochceris . . 153, 160 Fagus . 178, 191 Fedia 8, 12 Jasione 39, 50 Festuea . 10, 23 Iberis , . 131, 134 Fragaria . 102, 109 Ilex 30, 35 Frankenia 69, 77 lilecebrum 39, 55 Fr acinus 3, 4 Impatiens 39, 51 Fritillaria . 70, 72 Imperatoria 43, 63 Fumaria 142, 143 Inula 155, 167 Iris 8, 13 Galanthus 69, 71 Isatis 131, 134 Galeobdolon 119, 124 Isnardia 30, 35 Galeopsis 119, 124 Isoetes . , 209, 216 Galium 29, 32 Juncus . 70, 74 Genista 143, 145 Juniperus 194, 206 Gentiana 40, 59 Geranium 139, 140 Knappia 9, 18 Geum 102, 111 Kobresia 177, 189 Glaucium HI, 113 Glaux 39, 55 Lactuca 154, 157 Glechoma 119, 123 Lagurus 10, 27 Glyceria 10, 21 Lamium 119, 123 Gnaphalium 155, 164 Lapsana 154, 161 Goodyera 171, 174 Lath rasa 120, 127 220 INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. Lathy rus Page 143, 146 Myrica . Pa 7e 193, 204 Lavatera 139, 142 Myriophyllum 178, 190 Lemna 4, 7 Myrrhis * 41, 61 Leontodon 157, 157 Leon u rus . 119, 125 Narcissus 69, 71" Lepidium . 131, 133 Nardus 9, 16 Leucojum 69, 71 Narthecium . 70, 73 Ligusticum 43, 64 Nasturtium 131, 136 Ligustrum 3, 4 Neottia 171, 174 Limosella 120, 129 Nepeta 120, 122 Linnaea 120, 129 Nuphar 112, 114 Linum 44, 68 Nymphgea 112, 114 Listera 171, 174 Lithospermum 37, 45 (Enanthe . 41, 62 Littorella 177, 1S9 Oenothera 81, 82 Lobelia 39, 51 Ononis 143, 145 Lolium 11, 27 Onopordum . 154, 163 Lonicera 39, 54 Ophioglossum 208, 214 Lotus . . 143, 151 Ophrys 171, 174 Luciola 70, 76 Orchis . 171, 172 Lychnis 88, 98 Origanum . 120, 125 Lycopodium . 209, 214 Ornithogalum . 70, 72 Lycopsis 38, 47 Ornithopus . 143, 149 Lycopus 3, 8 Orobanche 120, 129 Lysimachia 38, 48 Orobus . 143, 146 Ly thrum . 100, 101 Osmunda . 208, 214 0 Oxalis . 88, 98 Malaxis . 171, 175 Oxyria . 70, 78 Malva . . 139, 142 Marrubium . 120, 125 Pseonia 112, 115 Matthiola . 131, 137 Panicum 10, 19 Matricaria . 155, 169 Papaver . Ill, 113 Medicago . 143, 151 Parietaria . 30, 34 Melampyrurn . 120, 127 Paris 81, 86 Melica . 19, 21 Parnassia . 44, 67 Melittis . 120, 126 Pastinaca . 43, 65 Mentha 119, 122 Pedicularis . 121, 127 Menyanthes . 38, 48 Peplis . 69, 77 Menziesia 81, 84 Peucedanum . . 43, 65 Mercurialis . 193, 205 Phalaris 9, 16 Mespilus . 102, 103 Phleum 9, 17 Meum . . 42, 64 Phyteuma 39, 50 Milium 9, 18 Picris . 154, 156 Mcenchia 30, 37 Pilularia 209, 215 Monotropa . 87, 88 Pimpinella . 41, 04 Montia 11, 29 Pinguicula 3, 6 Myosotis 38, 44 Pinus 179, 192 Myosurus • 44, 69 Pisum . . 143, 145 INDEX OF THE LATIN NAxMES. 221 Plantago .. Page 30, 34 Sanguisorba . Poa 10, 22 Sanicula Polemonium . 38, 49 Saponaria Polycarpon 11. 29 Saxifraga Polygala 131, 133 Scabiosa Polygonum . 81, 85 Scandix Polypodium 208, 209 Scheuchzeria . Polypogon 9, 18 Schcenus Populus 193, 205 Scilla Potaraogeton , 31, 35 Scirpus . Potentilla . 102, 109 Scleranthus Poterium 178, 191 Scolopendrium Prenanthes 154, 157 Scrophularia . Primula 38, 47 Scutellaria Prunella . 120, 126 Sedum . Prunus . . 102, 102 Selinum Pteris 208, 212 Sempervivum Pulmonaria 37, 46 Senebiera Pyrethrum 155, 168 Senecio Pyrola . 87, 89 Serratula Pyrus . 102, 103 Sesleria Sherardia Quercus 178, 191 Sibbaldia Sibthorpia Radiola 30, 37 Silene Ranunculus . 112, 117 Sinapis . Raphanus . 132, 139 Sison Reseda 100, 101 Sisymbrium Rhamnus 39, 54 Sium Rhinanthus 120, 127 Smyrnium Rhodiola . 193, 205 Solanum Rhynchospora 9, 13 Solidago Ribes 39, 54 Sonchus Rosa 102, 104 Sparganium . Rottbollia 11, 28 Spardna Rubia 29, 33 Spartium Rubus . 102, 107 Spergula Rumex . 70, 78 Spiraea . Ruppia . . 31, 37 Stachys Ruscus . . 194, 204 Staphylea Statice . Sagina . 30, 37 Stellaria Sagittaria 178, 191 Stipa Salicornia 1. 1 Stratiotes Salix 192, 194 Subularia Salsola . . 40, 57 Swertia . Salvia 3, 8 Symphytum . Sambucus 44, 66 Samolus 39, 54 Tamarix Page 30 40 88 88 29 40 64 9 70 9 88 208 120 120 88 43 100 131 144 154 10 29 44 120 88 132 41 131 41 42 39 156 154 177 10 142 88 102 119 44 44 88 10 112 131 40 37 44, 67 222 INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. Tanacetum . Pat fe 155, 164 Tussilago Page 156, 166 Taraus . 193, 204 Typha . . 177, 181 Taxus . 194, 206 Teesdalia 131, 133 Ulex . . 143, 145 Teucrium 119, 121 Ulmus . . 40, 57 Thalictrum 112, 117 Urtica . . 177, 189 Thesium 39, 55 Utricularia 3, 7 Thlaspi 130, 133 Vaccinium . 81, 83 Thymus 120, 125 Valeriana 8, 11 Tilia . . 112, 113 Vella . . 130, 132 Tillsea . 30, 37 Verbascum . 38, 52 Tofieldia 70, 79 Verbena . 120, 122 Tordylium 43, 66 Veronica 3, 4 Torilis . . . V 41, 60 Viburnum . 44, 66 Tormentilla . 102, 110 Vicia . 143, 146 Tragopogon . 154, 156 Vinca . 38, 45 Trichomanes , 208, 213 Viola . . 39, 51 Trichonema . 8, 13 Viscum . . 193, 204 Trientalis 80, 80 Trifolium 143, 149 Woodsia . 208, 214 Triglochin 70, 79 Triodia . . 10, 23 Xanthium . 177, 190 Triticum . 11, 28 Trollius . 112, 118 Zannichellia . 176, 181 Tulipa . . 70, 72 Zostera 1, 2 Turritis . . 131, 138 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. Adder's-tongue Page 214 Agrimony . . .101 , , hemp . .151 Alder . . . .189 Alexanders ... 63 Alkanet ... 46 Allseed ... 29 Aloe, water . . .116 Alyssum . . .132 Amaranth . . .190 Andromeda ... 89 Anemone . . .116 Angelica ... 64 Apple, wild . . .103 Arrow-grass ... 79 Arrow-head . . .191 Asarabacca . . .101 Ash .... 4 Ash, bastard mountain . 104 Ash, mountain . .104 Asparagus ... 73 Aspen .... 205 Asphodel, bog . 73 , Scottish . 79 Avens . . . .110 Awl wort . . .132 Azalea .... 49 Balm, bastard . .126 Balsam .... 51 Bane-berries . . .113 Barberrv ... 77 Barley . . . .28 Barren wort . . .34 Bartsia . . . .126 Blinks . Basil Thyme . . .124 Blue-bottle Basil, wild . . .125 Bog-asphodel Bastard Balm . .126 orchis Bastard mountain Ash . 104 rush Bastard-toadflax Beaked Parsley Beak-rush Beam-tree, white Beard-grass Bear-beiry Bed-straw Beech Beet Bell-flower Bennet, Herb Bent-grass Bergamot Mint Berries, Bane Betony Bilberry Bindweed Birch Bird's-nest Orchis Page 124, Bird's-foot Trefoil Birthwort Bistort Bitter-cress Bitt3i-sweet . Black-berry Black-Bindweed Black Bryony Black Horehound Blackthorn Bladder-fern nut . — wort 148, 137, 224 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. Borage Box-tree Brake Bramble Bristle-fern Brome-grass Brooklime Brookweed Broom . rape Bryony black Buckbean Buck's-horn Buckthorn Buckwheat Buffonia Bugle Bugloss Bullace-tree, wild Bull-rush Burdock Bur-marigold Burnet . Rose Salad Saxifrage Bur-parsley reed weed Butcher's-broom Butter-bur Butter-cups Butter-wort Cabbage Calamint Campion , Alpine Canary-grass Candy-tuft Caraway Carex Carline Thistle Carnation Carrot Catch-fly Catmint Cat's-ear Page 47 189 212 107 213 25 5 54 144 129 190 206 48 34 54 85 35 121 47 102 14 161 163 34 105 191 64 60 182 190 206 166 118 6 138 126 94 91 16 134 64 182 163 93 60 94 122 160 Cat's-tail . . Page grass Celandine Celery, wild Centaury Chaffweed Chamomile , wild Chara Charlock Cherry Cherleria Chervil Chestnut Chickweed, mouse-ear , wintergreen . jagged , water Chives Cicely Cinquefoil , marsh Cistus Clary . Cloud-berry . Clove-pink Clover . , Dutch Club-moss Club-rush Cockle . Cock's-foot grass Codlins and Cream Cole-seed Colt's-foot Columbine Comfrey Coral-root Coralwort Cord-grass Coriander Cornel Corn-salad Cotton-grass Cotton Thistle Cotton Weed Couch-grass , Cowbane Cow-berry INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. 225 Cow-parsnep . . Page Cowslip Cow-wheat Crab-tree Cranberry Crane's-bill Cress , bitter , rock , rocket , wall , winter Crocus . Crow-berry Crowfoot Cuckoo-flower Cuckow-pint Cudweed Currant Cyclamen Cyperus Cyphel Daffodil Daisy , moon Dame's-violet Dandelion Darnel Deadly Night-shade Dead-nettle Dew-berry Dock . Dodder Dog Rose Dog's-tail grass Dog's-tooth grass Dropwort , water Dryas Duckweed Dutch Myrtle Dwale . Dwarf Cherleria Earth-nut Eglantine Elder . Elecampane e 66 Elm . Page 57 47 Enchanter's Night-shade 127 Eryngo . • . 59 103 Evening Primrose 82 83 Everlasting Pea . 146 140 Everlasting, Pearly . 164 136 Eyebright . 127 135 126 Featherfoil . 48 132 Feather-grass 26 137 Felwort . 58 136 Female-fern . 210 12 Fennel . 64 206 Ferns 209-213 117 Fescue-grass . 23 135 Feverfew . 168 191 Field-madder . 31 164 Figwort . 128 54 Filmy-fern . 213 48 Finger-grass . 19 13 Fir . 192 97 Flag, sweet 68 Flax 68 71 Flax-seed . 37 168 Flea-bane . 165, 167 168 wort . 168 137 Flower-de-luce . 13 157 Flowering-rush . 86 27 Fool's Parsley . 62 53 Foxglove . 129 123 Fox-tail-grass . 17 109 Fritillary . 72 78 Frog-bit . 205 58 Fumitory . 143 107 Furze . 145 23 19 Gale . 206 104 Galingale . 13 62 Garlick 71 110 Gentian . , . 59 7 Gentianella . 33 206 Geranium . 129 53 Germander , 121 97 Gipsy-wort 8 Globe-flower . . 118 61 Goat's-beard . . 156 97 Gold of Pleasure . 133 66 Golden-rod . 167 167 Golden-saxifrage . 82 226 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. Goldilocks . Page 117, 163 (Hollyhock) . . Pat ie 129 Goodyera 174 Honewort 62 Gooseberry 55 Honeysuckle . . 54 Goose-foot 56 Holly-grass 21 CTaSE 30 Hop . 206 tnnr>'iip 169 63 Horehound, black . . 125 . 125 192 Gonf wppd Grasses . . 8-10 ; 14-26 ■ — — ^ W illtG Hornbeam Grass of Parnassus 67 Horned-pondweed . 181 Grass, scurvy 123 i T^n'MT^T' 113 poppy , whitlow 122 Hornwort 190 Grass-wrack . 2 Horse-radish " . 124 Green-weed . 145 Horse-shoe- vetch 148 Gromwell 45 Horse-tail 215 Ground-ivy 123 Hound's-tongue 46 Ground-pine . 121 Houseleek 101 Groundsel 166 Hutchinsia 133 Guelder-rose . 66 Hyacinth 73 Hair-grass 19 Insect-orchis . 174 Hard-fern . 212 Iris 13 Hard-grass 28 Isnardia 35 Hare's-ear 65 Ivy . 55 Hare's-tail grass . 27 — , ground 114 Hart's-tongue . 212 Hartwort 66 Jacob's Ladder 49 Hautboy Strawberry . 109 Jagged Chickweed 29 Hawkbit 158 Jointed-glasswort 1 Hawk's-beard . 160 Juniper 206 Hawkweed 158 Hawthorn 103 Kale . 135 Hasel-nut 192 Kidney-vetch 145 Heart's-ease 47 Knappia 18 Heath .... 84 Knapweed 171 Heath-grass 23 Knawell 93 , sea 71 Knotgrass 55 Hedge-mustard 136 (Knot-grass) . 85 parsley 60 Kobresia 189 Hellebore 119 Helleborine 175 Lady's finger 134 Hemlock 62 mantle 35 Hemp Agrimony 163 slipper . 176 Hemp-nettle . . , 124 tresses 174 Henbane 53 Larkspur . 115 Henbit, dead-nettle 114 Lavander, Sea 67 Herb Bennet 111 Leopard's-bane 168 Herb Christopher . 113 Lettuce 157 Herb Paris 86 will 157 , 73 Holly .... 35 5 v> all * ■ , Lily of the valley . INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. 227 Lily, water Lime-tree Linden Tree Ling Linnaea Listera Livelong Lobelia London Pride Loosestrife , purple Lovage Louse wort Lucerne Lungwort Lychnis Lyme-grass Madder Madwort Maidenhair Mallow , marsh , tree . Man-orchis Maple Mare's-tail Marigold, corn Marigold, marsh Marjoram Marsh-cinquefoil marigold mallow Master 'vorc Mat-grass May Meadow-grass rue . — ' saffron sweet Me dick Medlar . Melic-grass Melilot . Menziesia Mercury Merlin's grass Mezereon Michaelmas Daisy Pag* 105 114 114 83 129 174 97 51 83 48 93 64 127 151 46 96 28 33 47 213 142 141 142 173 84 2 156 110 125 110 119 141 63 16 .'03 22 117 79 104 151 103 21 149 83 205 216 84 167 Mignonette . . Page 93 Milfoil . . . .170 water . Milk-parsley . Milk-vetch Milkwort , sea , Thistle . Millet-grass Mint, cat, pepper, &c. Misseltoe Mithridate Pepperwort Moenchia Monkshood Monk's Rhubarb Moonwort Moor-grass Moschatell Motherwort Mountain Ash sorrel Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse -tail Mudwort Mug- weed Mug wort Mullein Musk-orchis . Mustard Myrtle, Dutch Narcissus Navel wort Navew Nettle . dead . Nightshade . ■ deadly Nipplewort Nonsuch Oak Oat, or Oat-grass . Orache . Orchis , insect Orpine . Osier Osmund-royal 191 26 206 172 174 97 198, 203 . 214 228 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. Ox-eye • . Page 168 Ox-lip .... 47 Ox-tongue . . .156 Panick-grass Paris, Herb Park-leaves Parnassus, grass of Parsley , fool's , milk , stone Parsnep Pasque-flower (Anemone) Pea . . » — , heath — , everlasting Pear Pearlwort Penny-Cress . Penny-royal . Penny-wort, Cornish Pepper-grass . saxifrage Peppermint Pepperwort Periwinkle Persicaria Pheasant's-eye Pile wort (Crowfoot) Pillwort Pimpernel Pine, ground . Pink . • . Piony Pipewort Plantain , water Plum Plume Thistle Polypody Pond-weed , horned , tassel Poplar Poppy horned Potentilla Prickly Samphire 19 86 152 62 63 57 65 64 65 116 145 134 135 103 37 133 123 119 215 65 122 133 55 85 117 117 215 48 112 93 115 190 34 73 102 162 209 35, 36 168 34 205 113 104 109 55 Primrose Primrose, evening Privet Purple Loosestrife Purse, shepherd's Purslane . Quaking-grass Quill-wort Quinsy-wort . Radish . , Horse . Ragged Robin Ragweed Rampion Ranunculus Rape Raspberry Rattle, yellow Reed mace Rest-harrow . Ribwort Robert, Herb . Rocket . ■ -, London •, sea , yellow Rock-cress Rose Rose-root Ruppia . Rupture-wort Rush , flowering , wood Rye-grass Saffron Crocus, meadow Sage Saintfoin Saint John's wort Saint Peter's wort Salad-burnet . Sallow . . . 200, thorn Saltwort Samphire Page INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. 229 Samphire, prickly Sandwort Sanicle Sauce-alone Saw-wort Saxifrage , Burnet , grolden . , pepper Scabious Scheuchzeria Scorpion-grass Scottish Asphodel Scurvy-grass Sea Buckthorn heath Lavander — milkwort . rocket Sedge Self-heal Septfoil . Service, wild . Shave-grass Sheep's-bit Shepherd's-needle Shepherd's Purse Shield-fern Shoreweed Sibbaldia Sibthorpia Silver-weed Skullcap Sloe Slough-heal Snakeweed Snapdragon Sneezewort Snowdrop Snowflake Soapwort Soft-grass Solomon's-seal Sorrel — , mountain wood Southernwood Sow-thistle Spearmint 182, Page 60 96 59 136 161 90 64 90 65 31 79 44 79 134 204 77 67 55 135 189 126 102 103 200 50 60 133 206 189 68 129 110 116 102 126 85 128 157 71 71 93 20 73 78 78 90 164 156 113 127 Spear wort (Crowfoot) Speedwell Spiderwort Spignel . Spikenard Spike-rush Spindle-tree Spiraea Spleenwort Spurge . Spurge-Laurel Spurrey Squill St. John's Wort St. Peter's Wort Star of Bethlehem Star-thistle Star- wort water Stitchwort Stock Stonecrop Stone-parsley Stork's-bill Strapwort Strawberry , tree Succory Sulphur-wort Sun-dew Sweet Briar Flag- grass Sycamore Tamarisk Tansy , wild Tare Teasel Teesdalia Thistle . , Carline , cotton , plume , star Thorn-apple Thrift . Thyme . Page 108 4 73 64 165 15 54 104 211 179 ' 84 100 73 152 152 72 170 167 2 95 137 97 59 140 67 109 89 161 65 68 98 74= 21 78 67 151 110 147 31 133 161 163 163 162 170 53 67 125 £30 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. Tillsea . Toadflax Toothwort Tormentil Touch-me-not Tower-mustard Traveller's-Joy Treacle-mustard Tree-mallow . Trefoil . Trichonema Tulip Turnep . Tutsan . Twayblade Twig-rush Valerian Vernal-grass . Vervain Vetch , bitter , , horse-shoe , kidney . Vetchling Vetch, milk Violet , dame's Viper's-bugloss Wall-cress — ■ flower lettuce pellitory pepper Wart-cress Wart-wort Water Aloe . Chickweed Cress . Page 37 128 127 110 51 138 116 136 142 149 13 72 138 152 174 8 11 8 122 146 146 148 145 146 148 51 137 47 137 137 151 34 97 134 167 116 29 125 Water-diopwort . Page 62 Lily (white & yellow) 1 14 milfoil . . .190 parsnep . . 61 plantain soldier . — starwort Waterwort Weas 21 -snout . WTher.t, or Wheat-grass Whin . , petty . White Horehound WThite-rot Whitethorn Whitlow-grass Whortle-berry Wild Basil Wild Tansy . Willow . Willow-herb . Winter-cress . Wintergreen . Chickweed Woad . Wolf's-bane Woodbine Woodruff Woodrush Woodsia Wood-sorrel Wormwood Woundwort Yarrow . Yellow-rattle . weed . wort Yew 80 116 3 86 124 28 145 134 115 65 103 132 83 125 110 —203 82 136 89 80 134 116 54 31 76 213 96 164 124 169 127 101 83 206 Glasgow : E Khuix, Printer to the University. ! f .1 New York Botanical Garden Library QK306.S6 1836 .&.{ Smith. James Edward/ A compendium of The 3 5185 00123 1743