IP' r JOHNA.SEAVERNS J A SEAVERNS 7 ATWOOD ST WELLESLEY MASS T H'EJT Compleat Horfeman: 1 O R, perfect $ artier* In Two Parts. Part I. Difcovering the fureft Marks of the Beauty, Goodnefs1 Faults, and I m per fed ions of Horfes ■ . the beft Method of Breeding and Backing of Colts, making their Mouths, Buying, Dieting, and other- ^ wife ordering of Horfes. The Art of Shoeing, with the feveral Sorts of Shoes, adapted to the various Defects of B3d Feet, and the Prefervation of Good. The Art of Riding and managing theGreat Horfe^cV. Part II. Contains the Signs and Caufes of their Difeafes, with the true Method of Curing them, Written in French by the Sieur ds SO L L E TSE L. Querry to the late King of France, and one of the Royal Academy of Paris. Abridged from the FOLIO done into Engljl by Sir WILL LI AM HOPE. With the Addition of feveral excellent Receipts, by our beft Farriers; and Directions to the Buyers and Sellers of Horfes. €i)t €f)irD Virion Corrected. lllnftrated with fever d Coppek Plates. L O N D O N: Printed by J- B. for R. Bomxkly T. Goodwin, J. Wahboe, M.Wotton, S. Man/hip, J. NaljoHon, R. J^iikin^ B. Toekk fo'Smkb, and T.Ward. iyij. THE PREFACE OF all the Books of Horfemanjhip yet extant, Mr. SolleyfelV Compleat Horfeman is juftly accounted the heft. The Reception it met with, not only in the Ori- ginal French^ hut in the Englifli and other Translations Dis fujjicient Evidence of its di- ftinguifhing Merit. The Author was a Ter~ Jon who made it his hujinefs to improve all the Tarts of Horfemanfhip, andfucceeded fo well in that Trofejfton, that not only the French Court , and the Academies of Paris., hut even the (per Jons of Quality of other Nations, particularly the Incomparable Duke of Newcaftle^ paid him the Defe- rence that was due to the Character of a Majier in that way. Till the Eighth Edi- tion of this Book was publiftSd, the World was mi fled by the falfe Opinions andTra* Slices that blind Qtftom had eftabliftpd. Remedies were prefcriVd by roat, and the flea of Antiquity fti fled the proper Prefer ip- tions. Had a f erf on of lefs Authority than our Author offered to with ft and the Current 3 the Crowd of Opiniative Far tiers held been A i p>$ The Preface. too hard for him: But the Character be bore j the Weight of his Reajonsy and the Certainty of his Experience ^ were Proof againji all Oppofition. To inflame -n one or Wo Things: The Cufkom of Gartering for Foundering in the Feet has been us*d among Farriers time out of Mind • but he makes it appear y that \is p^ore prejudicial than ferviceable. In like ptanner y when a Horje is flraind in the Shoulder they ufed tolie tip the found Legy to oblige him to make ufe of the affe&ed one ; and if he ivas flraind in the Haunch ^ they were wont to make him draw in the Harrows : Now he plainly makes out the Pernicioufnejs of that Cuflom^ which only redoubles the Tain of a Part that's al- ready opprefs^d. Farther y if a Horfe vo- mits Matter at the Nojey they ufed to call it the Glanders y tho perhaps his frothing but a Cold : And even in the Glanders they placed the Cure in removing the Kernels y which are only the EflcB^ and not the Caufe of the Diflemper • and then pretended to thwart the Courje of Nature by repeated Purgation. ytwere eafy to nntjler tip an In- finity of juch Difcoveries which are only owing to the Stem? cle SoIleyfeL That The Preface. That all Per fans may enjoy the Bene ft of fo ufeful a Book^ we here prefent the If or Id with an Abridgement of it. Thofe who grudge the Price of the Original \ or are j cared by its Length y may here gratify their Curiofityy without any confiderabh Lofs either of Money or Time, The Fir ft. Part of this Performance com tains the neceffary Directions for Buying^ Keeping jShoeing^BittingyiW Breeding all jorts of Horfes for any Service whatsoever* The Second Part contains the Vefcrip* tion and Cure of the Difeafes incident to Horfes. In regard^ the Excellency of this Part confifls in the Receipts y which are in- fnitely preferable to all others •, we hav6 taken a particular Care to make fuch a Col- leBion as will anfwer all the Diflempers of Horfes y by what Names foever they may be difingifjd. Where a Dijeafe retains td another ) or h not known in England., we pafsflightly over it. To multiply the Names of Diflempers y and the Numbers of Re* ceipts^ dees more harm than good : A few inch Remedies as thefe^ if wifely managd^ will do more Service than all the numerous Prefcriptions of other Authors. ^Tis truey A 3 ftfii The Preface. fome of thefe Receipts are very Chargeable ; but they are always accompany' d with others of an eafier Pmrhafe ^ be fides y thoje who keep fine Horfes will not grudge to advance upo& the Price, when they are fo fure of having a good Medicine. Our Author , who li&d in a Wine Country y commonly pre- scribes Wine for a Vehicle : But in this Country that affords Ale> we may make ufe of it infiead of Wine, in mo ft cafes. In fine y We have left out nothing that was material or ufeful j being dire&ed in that point by a Perfon, whofe Judgment and Experience we could fafely truji. Thefe two on all Ayres, by the help of one fingle Pillar. 221 Chap. XVI. Of the fever al Helps and CorreUions with the Spurs. 223 THE THE CONTENTS O F PART II. THE Introduction. Page 22^ Chap. I . Of the Diforders of the Mouth ; namely the Lampas, Barbs, Wolves-Teeth, and Wounds in the Mouth. 226 Chap. II. Of a loathing of Food \ or want of Ap- petite. 229 Chap. III. Of the Strangles. 232 Chap. IV. Of a Cold and Cough. 235 Chap. V. Of the Glanders. 239 Chap. VI. Of the Difeafes of the Eyes. 242 Chap. VII. Of a Haemorrhagy, or Bleeding. 246 Chap. VIII. Of the Wives 248 Chap. IX. Of theCholickj Fret, or Gripes. 250 Chap. X. Of an immoderate Flux of Urine \ and of aftaling or piffing of Blood. 257 Chap. XI. Of the St avers and Giddinefs. 259 Chap. XII. Of Strains or Wrenches in the ShouU ders or Hips. 2.6 1 Chap^ The Contents. Chap.' XIII. Of broken, ft iff y tired) decayed, bruifed) or fwelPd Legs. 262 Chap. XIV. Of MelanderS) Selandersy SplentS) Wind-galls y Farcey-knots, and other Swellings. 270 Chap. XV. Of an Attaint or Over-reach, 275 Chap. XVI. Of the Scratches, 277 Chap. XVII. Of the Ring-bone. 278 Chap. XVIII. Of Vices of the Feet and Hoofs; particularly fur bated Feet ; and of Pricks made with Stubs or Nails in Shoeing) or in the Streets. 280 Chap. XIX. Of fcaWd Heels or Frufh ; and of the Crown-fcab and Mange. 285 Chap. XX. Of the Hoof-bound, or of wafted and fljrunk Feet. 288 Chap. XXI. Of all forts of Wounds and Hurts* 290 Chap. XXII. Of the Bitings of mad Dogs and venemous Be aft s. 304 Chap. XXIIL Of a Cough. ?oj Chap. XXIV. Of Obftr unions of the LungS) Fe- vers, and other Sickneffes occasioned by Foun- dering, j 0^ Chap. XXV, Of the Preparations and Vertues of Crocus Metallorum, Sal Polychreft, and the Golden Sulphur of Antimony. 212 Chap. XXVI. The Method of fattening Horfes, 318 Chap. XXVII. Of the Palpitation of the Heart. Chap. XXVIII. Of Fevers. 322 Chap. XXIX, Of the Farcin, 325 Chap, The Contents. Chap. XXX. Of the Ebullition of the Blood, or Blood-running Itch. 327 Chap. XXXI. Of the Molten Greafe. 3 2 8 Chap. XXXII. Of Worms, Botts, or Trunche- ons, bred in the Body of a, Horfe. 333 Chap. XXXIII. Of fwaying of the Back, and Falls. 234 Chap. XXXIV. Of the Swelling of the Cods or Stones ; and of bruised or hard Stones. 336 Chap. XXXV. Of the Lask} Loofnefs, or Flux of the Belly. 340 Chap. XXXVI. Of the Falling of the Fundament. Chap. XXXVII. Of Warts, Chops, Pains, Ratt- tails, Mules, and other foul and Watery Sores in a Horfe* s Legs ; and of fwollen and gouty Legs, occafion'd by fuch Sores : Together with a, Defcription of the Compofition and Vertues of the White Honey-Charge. 3*45 Chap. XXXVIII. Of Halter-Caft. 3 52 THE The Contents of the Appendix. OF the Anticor. 353 Of Bleymes. 355 O/ Seymes or Falfe-Quarters. 356 Of the Curb. 357 Of a Jardon. ib. Of * String-halt. 358 Of the Bone-fpavin. ib. Of the Blood-fpavin. 259 Of the Hough-bonny. 360 Of a Cramp. ib. Of the over ftretching or relaxation of a Sinew. 361 Of Gaunt-bellfd or Light-heBfd Horfes. ib. Of the Ambury. 362 Of the Cords. ib. Of the Hungry-Evil. 365 Of the Stag-Evil, or Palfie in the Jaws. ib. Of Crepances. 364 Of the Stones drawn into the Body. ib. Of the Head-Ach. 365 Of an Apoplexy or Palfie. ib. Of the falling of the Creft, Manginefs of the Mane9 or the Jhedding of the Hair. 366 Of a Canker in the Nofe, Mouthy or any other fart of the Body, ib. Of the Poll-Evil. ib. . Of the Cplt-Evil) or burning by a Mare* 367 The Contents. Of a Stoppage of Vrine in Cholicks. 367 Of Gauling between the Legs. ibid. Of Lice. 36S Of a fouled or furred Tar d. ibid. Of the Stiffling. ibid. Schmit'-f Ointment for re (taring the Hoof. 369 Neatherd' *s Ointment for the Mange. 371 Countefs's Ointment for healing Sores in the hairy Part of the Foot. 372 Duke*s Ointment for all hot Swellings and Inflam- mations. ^ 373 The ripening Ointment , called Bafilicum. 374 The liquid Cauftic. ibid. The true Ointment of Montpelier. 375 Jin excellent Powder for Pur five Horfes. ibid.. THE t THE Compleat Horfemati: O R, Perfed FARRIER: PART I. ~~~ The Introduction. AMongft all the Creatures, there is none which yields more Profit and Pleafure to Man than the Horfe ♦, yet oftentimes, for want of Skill to ride him, or through Negligence in his Diet or Dreffing, or by Watring him unfeafonably, or any other Accident, he be- comes unferviceable. The preventing of which, is the defign of the enfuing Treatife. G H A P. L The Names of the Parts of a Horfe. TO fay nothing of the Ears, Eyes, &c. as be- ing Parts well known, I fhall begin firft with the Barrs of his Mouth, which are a part of the* Gums, but without any Teeth, fo that Nature B feems 4 The Compleat Horjeman : ory The Coffin-bone is that Bone which is to the Foot as a Heart or Kernel. It is quite furrounded and covered by the Hoof, Frulh, and Sole, and is not perceived when even the Horfes Sole is quite taken out, being covered on all fides by a Coat of Flefh, which hinders the Bone from appearing. It now remains to fpeak of the Hind-Legs, in which are, The Stiffle or great Mufcle, is that part of the Hind- Leg which advances towards the Horfe's Bel- ly, and is a moft dangerous Part to receive a Blow upon, marked 27. The Thigh or Gashin beginneth at the Stiffle, and reaches to the Ply, or bending of the Hamme •, and is contained between the Figures 27, and 29. The Hamme or Hovgh is the Ply or bending of the Hind- Leg, marked 29, and comprehends likewife the Point behind and oppoiite to the Ply, called the Hod, marked 30. The place where a Selender comes is marked 29. The place where a Spavin comes, which is a little beneath the Ply, and in the infide, is marked 31. From the Hamme to the Pattern Joint, is that part of the Leg which in the Fore- Legs is called the Shank, but in the Hind the Jnftep, marked 33. CHAR II. How the Parts of a Horfe [hould be framed. TH E Head fhould be fmall, narrow, lean and dry. Every Horfe with a big Head may be apt to reft and loll upon the Bridle, and thereby in a Journey incommode the Hand of the Rider. Be- fides, he can never appear well with a big Head, unlefs he have alfo a very long and well-turned Neck. Of Part L PerfeSi Farrier. -5 Of the Ears. The Ears fliould be little,narrow3ft,raight,and har- dy, and the whole fubftance of them thin and deli- cate. They fhould be placed on the very top of the Head, and their Points when ftiled or pricked, fhould be nearer than their Roots. When'a Horfe carries his Ears pointed forwards, he is faid to have a bokT, hardy, or brisk Ear. Alfo when a Horfe travels', he fliould keep them firm, and not (like a Hog) mark every ftep by a motion of his Ears. Of the Forehead. The Forehead fhould be fomewhat broad : Some would have it a little raifed , but in my opinion a flat Forehead is moft beautiful. Thofe Horfes; called Dijh-faced, have the fore-part of their Head, from a little below their Eyes, to the place where the Nofe-band of the Bridle refteth, low and hol- low : Such Horfes are commonly durable, but very often ftubborn and ill-natur'd. A Horfe fhould have in his Forehead, that which we call a Feathery which is a natural frizling or turning of the Hair. If he have two that are near or touch, the Mark is fo much the better. Some People fancy, that if the Feather be be- low the Eyes it is a fign of a weak fight. But Ex- perience will difcover the uncertainty of this Ob-.( fervation. If a Horfe be neither* White, Dappled, nor ap- proaching thofe Colours, he fhould have a Star or Blaze in his Forehead : It being a defect not only for the Beauty, but oft-times for the Goodnefs of a Horfe of any dark colour, to be without one* Of the Eye-fits. The Eye-fits fhould not be too much funk, for if they are deep and hollow they are ugly., and make B 3 the 6 the Compleat Horfewan : ory the Horfe appear to be old. Horfes that come of an old Stallion, have it from their very Youths fome more, fome lefs. Of the Eyes. The Eyes which are bright, lively, full of fire, and pretty large and full, are moftefteemed-.Thofe which are very big are not the beft, neither fhould they be too goggling or flaring out of the Head, but £qual with it, and have a large and full pupil or ground. Moreover, the Eye mould be refolute, impudent, and brisk : A Horfe to appear well fhould look on his Objeft fixedly, and with a kind of difdain, and not look another way. In the Eye is alfo difcovered his Inclination, Pafllon, Malice, Health and Indif- pofition. When the Eyes are funk, or that the Eye- brows are too elevate, and as it were fwelPd, it is a fign of vitioufnefs and ill-nature. Such kind of Horfes have a melancholy Countenance, but are commonly of great Fatigue. The Eye is the molt tender and delicate part of the whole Body, being the laft which is formed ia the Womb, and the firft that dies. Of the Jaw-bones. The Jaw-bones fhould be narrow and lean, the di- ftance betwixt them at the Throat fhould be large and hollow, that he may the better place his Head. If the Jaw-bone be too fquare, that is, if there be too great a diftance betwixt the Eye and that part of it which toucheth his Neck, it is not only ugly and unbecoming, but alfo hinders him from placing his Head. And if there be but little diftance betwixt the Jaw-bones, then as foon as you pull the Bridle to bring his Head into its molt becoming pofture, the Bones meeting with his Neck, will hinder him, cfpcciilly if he have alio with that Imperfection, a fiiort and thick Keck, ' Of Part h TerfeSi Farrier. j Of the Muzzle. From that part where theNofe-band of the Bridle refteth, which is fomewhat below the middle of the Jaw-bone, and where it begins to ftraiten and be- come narrow : I fay from that part to his Muzjde he fliould have nothing but Skin and Bone, and the fmaller the better : Therefore People commonly fay he fhould be able to drink out of a Beer-Glafs, by reafon of the fmallnefs of his Muzjdc A Horfe's Head fhould not be too long} but the chief thing is a good On-fet, that he may be able to bring it into its natural Situation, which is, that all the forepart of the Head, from the very Brow to the Nofe. be perpendicular to the Ground, fo that if there were a Plummet applied to it, it would but juft (have or raze it. Of the Noftrils. The Noftrils fliould be large and extended, fo that the Red within them may be perceived, especially when he Sneereth. The widenefs of the Noftril doth not a little contribute to eafinefs of Breathing. Of the Mouth, The Mouth fhould be indifferently well cloven ; when it is too much, there is great difficulty fo to bitt a Horfe as that he may not fwallow it, as we fay. And if he have a little Mouth, then with dif- ficulty can the Mouth of the Bitt be right lodged in it. Of the Tongue* # The Tongue fhould be fmall, otherwife it will be difficult to keep the Bitt from preffing it, which ma- king the Tongue to extend over his Barrs and cover them, will render his feeling of the prefliireof the Bitt dull, by hindring its operation and effedupon the Barrs. B 4 Of 8 'the Compleat Horfeman : cry Of the Bans. The Barrs fhould be fharp-ridged, and lean ; for all the fubje&ion which a Horfe fuffers by the Bridle, proceeding from the Barrs, if they have not the above-mentioned Qualities, they will be very little, or not at all fenfible, fo that he can never have a good Mouth. For if they be flat, round, and unfen- fible, the Bitt will not work its effect, and to take hold of fuch a Horfe by his Tail, or by the Bridle, to govern him will prove much about one. Of the Channel. The Channel or hollow betwixt the under Jaws, fliould be large enough to contain his, Tongue, that it be not preffed with the mouth of the Bitt, which fhould always have a little liberty in the middle of it. Of the Talate* His Palate mould be lean, for if it be fat, that is, if it be full and high, fo that it be almoft equal with the extremities of his upper Teeth, the leaft height in the liberty of a Bitt will incommode him, and will make him either chack in the Bridle, and be al- ways throwing up of his Head, or otherwife carry it too lovy, which, befides the deformity, will much incommode the Hand of the Rider. Of the Lips. Thin and little Up contribute to a good Mouth, but the contrary if they be large and thick. Of the Beard. The Beard fhould be neither flat nor too high rail- ed, that fo the Curb may reft in its right place. It ihould have but little Flefh upon it, and almoft no- thing but Skin and Bone, without any kinc^ of chops, hardaefs, orfwelling. It Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 9 It is a good fign in a Horfe to have his Mouth frefti and full of Froth, becaufe his Mouth being always moift, will not fo eafily over-heat, and is a token that the Bitt gives him pleafure. Of the Neck. The Neck fhould be lean, and but little Flefh up- on it } and to be well-fhaped, it fhould at its going from the Withers, rife with a (lope upwards, dimi- nifhing by degrees towards the Head : It fhould have but little Flefh upon it, near to the growing of the Mane. In Mares it is a good quality to have their Necks a little grofs, and charged with Flefh, becaufe their Necks are commonly too fine and flender. JDeer-Nech or Cock-thropled, are thofe in which the Flefh that fhould be next the Mane, is placed quite below and next the Throat, which renders the Neck ugly and ill-fhap'd. A well-fhap'd Neck, befides the Beauty it gives to a Horfe, contributes very much to the making him light or heavy on the Hand, according as it is fine or coarfe. But it is not the lhape of the Neck alone, which makes a Horfe light or heavy on the Hand, but good or bad Legs and Feet, and ftrong or weak Reins ^ however, the Neck has a great ihare in it. Of the Mane. The Hair of the Mane fhould be long, thin, and fine, if it be frizled fo much the better. Of the Withers. The Withers fhould be well-rais'd, and pretty long, becaufe it is a fign of ftrength and goodnefs ; and they keep the Saddle from coming forward upon his Shoulders and Neck, which immediately fpoils and galls a Horfe, and when once hurt in that place is i o The Compleat Horfeman : ot^ Is very difficult to cure. They fhould alfo be leani and not too flefhy, for then they will be much more fubjedto galling. Of the Breaft or Counter. A large and full Breast or Counter is always efteem- " ed in light or fmall-fiz'd Horfes ^ but in Dutch Hor- des they are commonly too large, which makes them heavy. In Horfes for draught, large and broad Counters do very well, for they draw with the more eafe, and the Harnefs galls them lefs : But then it gives them the perfect quality of a Cart- Horfe, who the more he is tied to the Ground, and the bigger, the better he is. Of the Shoulders. The Shoulders fhould be fharp and narrow at the Withers, of a middle fize, fiat, and but little Flefh upon them *, becaufe a Horfe charged with Shoul- ders, can never be agreeable to the Rider ; for he will not only be heavy on the Hand and weary iboner, but trip and (tumble every Minute, efpe- cially if with fuch large Shoulders he have a thick and big Neck. The Shoulders of a well-fhap'd Horfe are compar'd to thofe of a Hare, and the diftance between them fhould be little more than half the breadth of his Hinder-Quarters. But as fome Saddle-Horfes are too large in the Shoulders, fo others are too finall, that is, when their Brealts are fo narrow that their Fore-Thighs, almoft touch •, fuch Horfes are worth very little, becaufe they have a weak Fore-hand, and by crof- iing their Legs are apt to Cut ; and in Galloping carry their Legs fo confufedly, that they are fubjeft to fall. Better too much Shoulders than this. A Horfe of a middle fize fhould have about half a Foot, or five Inches diftance between his Fore- Thighs \ and when he is (tanding (traightupon his Lftnbs, Part I. Perfe& Farrier*. 1 1 Umbs, there fhould be a lefs diftance between his Feet, than between his Thighs near the Shoulders. Of the Reins. A Horfe fhould have double Reins, which is when he hath them a little more elevate upon each fide of the Back-bone, than upon it. The Back fhould be ftraight and not hollow or Saddle-back'd, becaufe fuch Horfes, tho* they are commonly light, and have their Necks raifed and high, yet they have fel- dom much ftrength \ and 'tis alfo difficult fo to fit a Saddle to them, that it do not gall them. They have alfo commonly exceffive big Bellies, which ren- ders them uncomely. The Ribs fhould be circular and full, taking their compafs from the very Back-bone. Of the Belly. The Belly ought to be of an ordinary bignefs, but in Coach. Horfes the larger the better, provided it be round and well inclofed within the Ribs, and rather Extending upon the fides than downwards. Of the Flanks. The Flanh mould be full, and at the top of them on each fide fhould be a Feather, and the nearer thofe Feathers are to each other, fo much the bet- ter, but if they be as it were within view, then the Mark is excellent. The diftance between the lait Rib and Haunch- bone, which is properly the Flank, fhould be fhorr3 which we term well-coupled. Such Horfes will endure labour longeft. Of the Croup. The Crovp fhould be large and round, fo that the tops of the two Haunch-bones be not withia view of other. The greater diftance between thofe two Bones 1 1 The Compkat Horfeman : ory Bones the better : But it is an Imperfe&ion if they fee too high, call'd Horn-hipped, though that Blemifh will in a great meafure disappear, if you can make him fat and lufty. The Croup fhould have its compafs from the Haunch-bones to the very Dock or Onfet of the Tail, and fhould be divided in two by a Hollow or Channel all along to the very Dock. Of the Tall. The Tail fhould be firm, ftrong, immoveable, and well furnifh'd with Hair. The Dock fhould be big, ftifl^ and placed pretty high : Thofe that have it too low fet, have feldom good Reins. Though fome have it too high fet, which makes their Buttocks appear pointed and unbecoming. In tnt Fore -legs are the Arm or Fore -thigh and the Shank ? both which the larger, broader, and more nervous they are, the better. The Knee fhould be fiat and large without any roundnefs or fwelling. The Baek-finem being the moll confiderable part In a Horfe's Leg, fhould be big : And becaufe thofe Legs are moft efteemed which are broadeft and flat- ted, the greater the diftance between the Back-finew and the Shank-bone, the better. Of ' the V aft em. The Vaftem fhould be fhort, efpecially in middle* fifc'd Horfes, becaufe long Patterns are weak and cannot fo well endure Travel. Some have them fo long, that their Pattern-pints almoft touch the; Ground, which is a fign of great Weaknefs in that Part, if it be not alfo univerfal. Of the Coronet. The Coronet fhould be no more elevate than the Hoof} for if it makes a Ridge or Height round it^ it is a fign, that either the Foot is dried up, or that there Part I. PerfeSl Farrier. 1 5 there are a great many Humours in the Coronet, which may occafion the Crown-Scab and other Sorts to which that part is fubjeft. Of the Hoof. The Horn of the Hoof fhould be of a dark Co- lour, fomewhat fhining, high and fmooth : The White is commonly Brittle. To be excellent, it fhould be of the Colour of a Deer's Hoof, and the whole Foot of a round Figure, but a little larger below than above. The Heel fhould be high and large, and one fide of it fhould not rife higher upon the Pattern thaa the other. The Frujh, although little, fhould yet be well nourifhed. In Hoof-bound Horfes it is too little, for it is almoft quite dried up. And as it is a Fault to have it little, fo it is one to have it too large and fat, as it were, especially in Horfes that have low Heels, or are flat- footed. Of the Sole. The Soles fhould be thick and ftrong, and the whole lower-part of the Foot where the Shooe is placed hollow. Having confider'd the Fore-Legs, let us go to thofe behind. The Thighs fhould be well fjirnifh'd and flefhy: For although the Croup be well turned, yet if the Thighs be ilender and lean he will appear narrow behind ; which is call'd, Cat-tbigh'd. The Hovghs or Hammes fhould be large, full, and riot much bended ; dry, difcharged of Flefh, ner* vous, and fupple. Of the Inftep. The Bone of the Hind- Leg from the Hamme to the Pattern-joint, call'd the Jnfief, fliould be big and flat, 1 4 The Compledt Horfeman : ory flat, and in a perpendicular Line to the Grounds when the Horfe is iii his natural Pofture of [land- ing; When the fnfteps ftand not perpendicularly it is a certain fign of weaknefs either in the Reins, or Hinder-quarters. A Horfe who hath good Feet before, hath feldont bad behind, except by Accident. Therefore Peo- ple look to the Hind. Feet but (lightly. There remains one vifible Imperfection to be con- fider'd } that is, when the Legs are too long in pro- portion to their Bodies, or the having too much Day- light under their Bellies. It is beft judg'd by the fiye : But to fatisfy the Curious, take a Thread and mea- fure from the Withers to the Elbow } and whatever length that is, he fliould have the fame difta nee be- tween the Elbow and lower-part of his Heel. Therefore many People meafure their Colts at a Year old, and take the diftance from the lower-part of the Heel to the Elbow, and fay, their Bodies will always grow until there be the fame diftance between their Elbow and Withers as there was be- twixt the Elbow and Heel : Becaufe, fay they, at a Year old a Colt hath its Legs as long as ever : Which I have indeed obferv'd in fome, but not in all: And the Duke of Newcaftle in his Book condemns this Obfervation. CHAP. III. How to know a Horfe*s Age while he hath Mark. WHen a Horfe is two Years old and a half, he hath twelve Foal- teeth in the fore-part of his Mouth ^ and about that time, or foon after, four of them do fall, viz.. two above and two below, in the very middle. (In fome Horfes they do not fall till three Part I. Pfrfew Farrier. 1 5 three Years, the Obfervation not being fo exad as always to anfwer two Years and a half.) There grow in their place four others, called Niters or Gatherers^ much ftronger and larger than the Foal- teeth, and then he is at molt but three Years old, and commonly but two and a half. At three and a half, and fometimes at four, he calls the next four Foal-teeth, viz. two above and two below, and in their room come four Teeth call'd Separaters. There remains then but four Foal-teeth in the Corners, which he changes commonly at four Years and a half. It will be necefTary to keep in memo- ry two and a half, three and a half, and four and a half-, that is to fay, when a Horfe has call two Teeth above, and as many belowT, he is but two Years and a half: When he hath caft four Teeth a- bove, and as many below, he is three Years and at half } and when he has caft fix above, and as many below, which is to have them all changed, then he is four Year's and a half old. It is to be obferv'd, that the Corner-teeth in the Upper- gums are caft before thofe in the Nether : But on the contrary the Under- tu (he s grow out be- fore the Upper. And Horfes are often flck when the Tufhes of the Upper-gums cut, but are never fo when thefe below come forth. The Turtles are preceded by no Foal-teeth, but grow up when a Horfe is about three Years and a half, and commonly grow up before thQ Corner- teeth are caft. So foon as the Gatherers and Separaters have pier and cut the Gums, they make all their growth in. fifteen Days : But the Corner-teeth do not grow €o fuddenly. Yet that doth not hinder but that at their very firft appearing they are as thick and broad as the other, but are no higher than the thicknefs of a Crown-piece, and very lharp and hollow. When 1 6 The Compleat Horfeman : ory When a Horfe hath no more Foal-teeth, and that his Corner- teeth begin to appear, he is then in his fifth Year j that is, he hath about four Years and a half, and is going in his fifth. When he firft puts out his Corner-teeth, they are of equal height with the Gums on the outfide, and the inflde of them is filled with Flefh until he be near five •, and when he comes to be five Years old, that Flefh difappears, and there will remain in the place of it a hollow ; that is., they are not fo high on the in fide as the out* which they will come to be about a Year after their firft: appearing. So that when a Horfe's Corner- teeth are filled with Flefh, you may confidently af- firm that he is not five. From five to five and a half, the Corner-teeth remain hollow on the in fide, and that part which was filled with Flefh is empty. From five and a half till fix, the hollow on the inflde fills up, and the Teeth grow and become flat and equal at top, only a little Cavity remains in the middle, refembling the Eye of a dry Bean, and then they fay the Horfe is entring fix. And fo long as a Horfe's Corner-teeth are not fo high on the infide as the out, he is {till faid to be but five, although he be five and a half, and fometimes fix. You may alfo do well to remember, that at four Years and a half, when the Corner-teeth appear, and are filled on the infide with Flefh, that the out- fide of them will then be about the thicknefs of a Crown above the Gums, and will fo continue till five. And from thence to five and a half the outward Edge will be about the thicknefs of two Crowns a- bove the Gums. At fix they will be about the breadth of one's little Finger above the Gums, and hisTufhes will be at their full length. At feven Years they will be about the thicknefs of the fecond or Ring- finger above the Gums, and the hollow almoft quite worn out and gone. At Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 17 At eight Years old the Horfe will be razed ^ that is, none of his Teeth will be hollow, but flat quite over, and about the thicknefs of the Middle-finger above the Gums. It is quite contrary in Horfes to what it is with Men. Young People labour and endure Fatigue in- comparably better than old : Whereas Horfes will toil better when they are old than young. Men, when young, eat and fleep better than when they are aged \ but Horfes on the contrary eat a great deal more when a little aged, and alfo reft better. CHAP. IV. How to know the Age of a Horfe which is pafh Mark, Shell-tooth* d, or hollow-tooth* d^ or whofe Mark is counterfeited. AFter a Horfe has razed, a Man cannot judge of his Age, but by the length of his Fore- teeth or by his Tulhes. As the Gums through time grow lean, fo they make the Teeth to appear long ; and it is certain*' that fo much the longer a Horfe's Teeth are, he is fo much the older. And as he grows old, his Teeth will contract: Ruft and become Yellow. Not but that there are fome old Horfes who have very fhort and white Teeth ^ and People fay of fuch Horfes,' That they have a good Mouth, confidering their Age. Some alfo will have a Black Speck in their Teeth, refembling the true Mark, a long time af- ter they are paft eight or nine ; but then it is not hollow. The Tufhes are the molt certain Mark whereby to know a Horfe's Age. G & iS The Compleat Horfe man : orD If a Horfe be but fix, the Upper- tufhes will be a little channell'd, or fomewhat hollow'd and groov'd upon the infides : And when he is above fix, they Ull up, and become a little round in the infides. tThis Obfervation never or rarely fails. If you feel the Tufhes of his Upper-jaw with your Finger, and find them to be worn equal with the Palate, the Horfe is then at leaft ten Years old. This Obfervation feldom fails, unlefs the Horfe when young hath carried a bigger- mouth'd Bitt than was proper for him. Young Horfes have always their Under- tufhes fliarp and pointed, pretty long, fomewhat edged upon both fides, and without any Ruft upon them : But as they become aged their Tufhes grow big and blunt, round, and fcaly, and in very old Horfes they are extremely thick, round, and yellow. A Horfe is faid to be Shell-tooth'd when he has long Teeth, and yet black Specks in them •, and this Mark lafts all their life. It is eafily known, becaufe the Mark appears in the other Fore-teeth as well as In the Corner-teeth. In Age the Points of the Gatherers Hand outward a little; and when extremely old, point almoft ftrait forward : But when he is young they ftand al- moft ftrait up, and are juft equal with the outer Edges of thofe above. Sometimes the Upper- teeth do thus point forward, but for the molt part it is the Under that do it. If you require no exa&nefs, but only to know if he be young or old, lift up the Upper-lip , and if his Upper-teeth be long, yellow, and overpaying thofe below, it betokens Age. As the contrary Signs, fuch as fhort and white Teeth, and thofe of the Upper- Jaw not overpaying thofe below, betoken Youth. There are fome Horfes whofe Teeth continue al- ways white and fhort, as if they were but fix. When fuch Horfes fall into the Hands of Cheats, they of- tentimes Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. i p tentimes counter-mark them, by hollowing the Corner-teeth with an In graving. Iron, and putting fome double Ink immediately into the Hole, and there let it dry, which will remain as long as the Teeth continue hollow. Others with a red-hot Iron burn a Grain of Rye in the Hollows of the Teeth, which makes them perfectly black \ for there pro- ceeds from the Rye a kind of Oil, which by the help of the burning cleaves faft to the Hollows of the Teeth newly cut. To prevent being cheated by fuch Villains, obferve if there be any Scratches on the outfides of the Hollows of the Teeth (becaufe the Graver fometimes flips and fcratches the other parts of the Teeth) for then you may conclude him countermark'd \ and an Artificial Hollow is much blacker than a natural. Take notice alfo of his Up- per-Tufhes ; the infides of which fhou'd be grocv'd or hollow until the Horfe be feven Years old. Ob- ferve alio if he have any figns of old Age, fuch ass the Upper * teeth long, overpaffing thofe below, and yellow ; the lower part of the nether Jaw-bone fharp and edged \ the Under-Tufhes ufed, big, and fca-* ly } if he have thefe Tokens of Age, and yet ap- pears marked, it is very probable that he is counter- mark'd. I have heard of filing a Horfe's Teeth to make 'em fhort } but I believe no Man ever made twice tryal of it in his Life-time. For if you file the Under- teeth^ which are thofe at which People look to know the Age, then thofe above will beobferv'd to be longer than thofe which have been fhortned: And if the Teeth both above and below be fhortned, then the Jaw-teeth or Grinders being at their full length will join, and fo hinder the Upper and Lower-teeth, which were fhortned, from doling, which will plainly dtfcover the Cheat : For the Horfe's Mouth being fhut, the Fore-teeth will be at a great diftance from each other. Befides the Horfe would not in a G % iong £0 The CompIeatHorJeman : ory long time be in a condition to chew his Meat, by reafon of the ftrefs endur'd by the filing ; neither could he draw his Hay or Straw from the Rack, be- caufe of the diftance between his Lower and Up- per-teeth. Having now explained how a Horfe's Age may be known by his Teeth, I (hall next give you fome other Rules, tho' not fo certain as the former. Some have recourfe to the Joints of the Tail, paf- fing their Hand along it, to feel for a Knot or Joint in the upper- part of it, which cometh forth when he is between ten and twelve \ a fecond when he is fourteen. Others thruft back a Horfe's Under-lip ; and fo many Plyes or Folds as they find, fo many Years old they fay he is. They who are fatisfied with thefe Marks may make ufe of them \ for my part I efteem them very little. After the Mark is gone, I always have recourfe to his Legs, to know If they be neat and good -, to his Flank, if it be well trufs'd, and not too full and fwallow'd up \ to his Feef, and laftly, to his Appetite. However, I fhali give you fome other Obfervations to know the Age of a Horfe that is paft Mark. When the Pits above the Eyes are extremely hol- low, it is for the molt part a certain Token of old Age •, although Horfes got by an old Stallion have them very deep at four or five Years old^ as alfo their Eye-lids and Eyes wrinkled and hollow. In young Horfes that part of the nether Jaw-bone which is three or four Fingers breadth above the Beard is always round, but in old Horfes fharp and edged : So that a Man who is accuftom'd to it, will, before he open a Horfe's Mouth, judge pretty near of his Age. This is a good Remark. Some will pull the Skin of the nether Jaw-bone or Shoulder a little to them, and if the Skin continue long without returning to its place, it is a fign, fay they, the Horfe is not young ; and the longer it is in Part I. FerfeSt Farrier. 2 1 in returning, the older he is. A Man fhould nor truft much to this Obfervation, becaufe the Skin of a lean Horfe, altho' young, will be longer in re- turning to its place, than the Skin of an old Horfe that is fat and plump. Another certain mark of Old Age is when a Horfe Seeletb, that is, when upon his Eye-brows there groweth about the breadth of a Farthing of white Hairs, mix'd with thofe of his natural colour. A Horfe never feeleth until he be fourteen Years old, and always before he be fifteen or flxteen at farthcft. The light Sorrel and Black do fooner feel than any other Colours. Horfe-Courfers commonly pull out thofe white Hairs with Pincers : But if they be fo many that it cannot be done without making the Horfe look bald and ugly, then they colour their Eye-brows, that they may not appear old. You may judge of his Age alfo by looking on his Palate, becaufe as he grows old the roof of his Mouth grows leaner and drier towards the middle : And thofe ridges which in young Horfes are pretty high and plump, diminifh as they increafe in Age : So that in very old Horfes the roof of the Mouth is no- thing but Skin and Bone. This remark is good, efpecially in Mares, who have feldom any Tufhes whereby to know their Age. Grey Horfes become white, as they grow old, and when very aged, are white all over ; but this doth not conclude, that no Horfes are foaled white ; al- tho' but very rarely. But thofe which are foaled grey, are known by their Knees and Hammes, which continue, for the molt part, ftill of that colour. Ci £HAP, a 2 The Compleat Horseman : or, CHAP. V, Of the Eyes. IT is difficult to perceive Eyes in the Sun-fhine, becaufe in the Sun all Eyes appear to be better than really they are : Therefore take the Horfe to a fhade, and place your Hand above his Eye, to keep away the too great light, and do not look ftrait up- on them, but a little a-fquint or flope-ways, and then you will perceive them to the very ground or bottom. If you would judge truly of a Horfe's Eye, you fhould firft view them at Might in the Stable, by the light of a finall Candle, placing the Eye between you and the Candle. But yet I would not adyife you to buy a Horfe barely upon this Obfervation, left it deceive you. I only mention it as a help, that you may dittinguiih them with the more eafe in the day-time. In the Eye are two things to be confider'd, viz.. i. The Chryftal, 2. The Bottom or ground of the Eye. The Chryftal is that roundnefs of the Eye, which appears at firft view, being the moft tranfparent part of it, and fhould for the clearnefs, refemble a piece of Rock-Chryftal, fo that one may fee clearly thro' it, becaufe if it be obfeure and troubled, fo that you cannot fee thro' it, it is a fign the Eye is not good. The Eye fhould alfb have no white Circle about it, yet there are Horfes that have this Circle, and have alfo very good Eyes, but it were rather to be wifhed they wanted it. A reddifh Chryftal is a fign that the Eye is either inflam'd? or that it is iitflu^nced by the Moon. A Chryftal that is Fml^mm> or of the colour of a deadl Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 2$ dead Leaf upon the lower part, and troubled upon the upper, is an infallible Mark that the Horfe is Lunatick, but it continues no longer than while the Humour doth a&ually pofTefs the Eye. Now you may know when that is, by the Eye being fwelled, and emitting a great deal of hot Water or Humour. This mark of the Eye being of that colour and red- difh, as if the Eye were full of bloody Water, is one of the moll certain whereby to know when a Horfe is Lunatick ^ but obferve, it is only fo when the defluxion hath fallen down, and then he feeth not with that Eye. Now to know a Lunatick Eye when the defluxion is not actually upon it, confider that if only one of the Eyes be fubjeSt to it, then it will appear lefs than the other, the Chryftal of it will be alfo troubled, and the bottom or ground of the Eye black and brownifh. But the Moon in the Eyes is better known by a troubled Chryftal than any other Mark whatfoever. Moon blind Eyes are commonly worft in the Wane *, fometimes in the Full, and are never to be blooded but in great ne- ceffity, and then in the Flank. The fecond part of the Eye to be confider'd is the Ground or bottom, which is properly the Pupil or Apple of the Eye, and Ihould be large and full, It muft be clearly perceived, that you may certainly know if there be any Dragon^ which is a white Spot in the bottom of the Eye, which makes a Horfe blind in that Eye, or will do it in a fhott time. In the beginning it appears no bigger than a grain of Millet, but groweth to fuch a bignefs as to cover the whole Apple of the Eye, and is alfo incurable. If the whole Bottom or Apple of the Eye be white, or of a tranfparent greenifh white, it is a bad Sign, tho' perhaps he is not quite blind with it, bur as yet fees a little. But you mult take notice, that if you look to a Horfe's Eye when oppoilte to a white .Wall, the reflexion of it will make the Apples of C 4 k theii| ^4 The CompleatHorfeman : ory them appear whitifh, and a little inclining to green, altho' they be indeed good: When you perceive this, you may try if his Eyes have the fame appear- ance in another place. If you can perceive above the Bottom or Apple of the Eye, as it were two grains of Chimny foot fix'd to it, it is a fign theChryftal is clear and tranfparent •, and if to this, the Bottom of the Eye be without Spot or Whitenefs, then the Eye will be good. You are alfo to confider, if an Eye which is trou- bled and very brown, be lefs than the other •, for if it be, it is loft without recovery ^ and it is alfo a great hazard that he will lofe the other Eye alfo. But you rnuft remember that by fome accident an Eye may appear to be lefs than the other, and yet no danger of lofing his fight, neither will it be troubled or of a brownifh colour ; as when an Eye- lid is heaPd up after a Wound, it may be a little ftraiter than before, which will caufe the body of the Eye to feem lefs than the other, altho' it be real- ly not fo, which oft-times happens.* Beware of thofe little Eyes which are funk into the Head, and are very black, and try if you can perfectly fee through the Chryftal : Then look to the bottom of, the Eye, and fee that the Pupil be big and large. In all Eyes the fmall, narrow, and long Pupils run a greater risk of lofing the Sight than any other. There are more general Obfervations for know- ing Eyes : For Example ; the Walk or Step of a blind Horfe is always uncertain and unequal, not daring to fet down his Feet boldly when he is led in one's hand : But if the fame Horfe be mounted by a vigorous Horfeman, and the Horfe of himfelf be mettled, then the fear of the Spurs will make him ride refolutely and freely, fo that his blindnefs lhall Jtiardiy be perceived. An- Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 1 5 Another Mark whereby a Horfe that is abfolutely blind may be known, is that when he hears any en- ter into the Stable, he will prick up his Ears and move them backwards and forwards : The reafon is, becaufe a vigorous Horfe having loft his fight, mif- trufts every thing, and is continually in alarm by the leaft noife he hears. The Colours molt fubjeft to bad Eyes are the ve- ry dark grey, the flea-bitten, the white-fpotted, tnd colour of a Peach-blofTom, and alfo the Roan oft-times. When Horfes have either the true or falfe Strangle, or are changing the Foal-Teeth, or are putting out their upper Tufhes, fome of them have their fight weak and troubled, fo that a Man would judge them blind, and fometimes they do really become fo. This weaknefs of fight happens oftner in time of cafting the Corner-Teeth than any of the reft. Some People will pafs their Hand or Finger be- fore a Horfe's Eye, or pufh their Finger almoft into his Eye, and if he move his Eye-lids, or wink and fhut them, then they efteem them good, but if he keep them ftill open, then they fay he is blind. Others, if they can fee their own Faces in a Horfe's Eye, as in a Looking-glafs, conclude that the Eye is good •, but they are all mightily miftaken : And as to the laft Remark, a bad and troubled Eye will reprefent the Face better than a good one. CHAP. a 6 The Compleat Horseman : or. CHAP. VI. A Continuation of the Kjiowledge of Faults and Imperfections in Horfesy and what is to be ob- ferved when buying them. r A ^ter you have confider'd the Age and Eyes, X\ Put y°ur Hand between the two Jaw-bones near to the Horfe's Throat, to feel if there be a good diftance between them, that fo he may with the more eafe bring in and place his Head : For that diftance between the Jaw-bones being pretty large and hollow, and tapering by degrees from the Throat to the Chin, will contribute much to the goodnefs of the Month. Next you are to obferve if there be any Swelling, Hardnefs, or moving Kernel between thefe two Bones, which if the Horfe be young, is a fign that he hath not yet call his Gourme or Strangle, or at leaft that he hath call it but imperfectly. But if he be more aged, although he have a pretty number of them (provided they be no bigger than large Peafe) they are of no great Confequence, becaufe Exercife and Sweating will difcufs them in a fhort time. However, if the Horfe be paft fix Years old, they are a little more to be feared, altho' they fhould not hinder you from buying the Horfe, if he otherwife pleafe you. Such moving Kernels may proceed from a Rheum or Cold, or from a remainder of the Gourme or Strangle, which may have left thefe Swellings in that part, by which Nature difcharg'd her felf of her Impurities, and through which thefe bad Humours did evacuate themfelves, by the neglir genceand carelefnefs of thofe Perfons who having the charge of fuch Horfes did not attempt to refolve and difcufs thefe Hardnefies and Swellings. If Part I. Perfett Farrier, a 7 If there be a fixed Kernel, painful and faftned to the Jaw-bones, it is almoft always a fign of the Glan- ders^ efpecially the Horfe being paft feven Years of Age \ but if he be not as yet fix, then it may be only the Strangle" efpecially if he have a Cough with it • for commonly a Cough is only an effect of the Strangle. However, if there be the leaft ap- pearance of the Glanders, I would not advife you to meddle with him, becaufe it is a Difeafe which is very rarely cured, whatever great Secrets fo many printed Books do promife for it. A Rheum or Cold may be alfo the caufes of a Kernel fix'd to the Jaw- bone, after the fame manner as thofe which pro- ceed from the Glanders, but then it may be difcufs'd by a due application \ yet if negle&ed, it for the moft part turns to a Glander. Some Horfes have big and fix'd HardnefTes, which are faften'd commonly on the infide of one of the Jaw-bones, and are no token at all of the Glanders : Thefe are Excrefcencesor Figs, which are of no Confequence, and are remov'd firft with the Inci- cifion Knife, and then the roots of them are eaten away with Powders*, but the neareft Method of taking them away, is by tying them hard about the Roots in the decreafe of the Moon, with a thread of crimfon Silk, and then anointing them every day with the Juice of Purflain. Thefe Figs are not dan- gerous, nor any fign at all of the Horfe's having the Glanders. When you perceive a Horfe to have any kind of Kernels between his Jaw-bones, whether fixed or loofe, you mult with your Hand flop his Noftrils, to fee if being a pretty while without breathing through them, he will force himfelf to fnear when you let him go, which if he do, you muft ob- ferve if the Noftrils run, and if he throw out of them a Matter fomewhat refembling the Glair or Whites of Eggs, which if it be but in a fmall quan- tity ^8 The Compleat Horfeman : ory tity is not to be regarded } but if it be in great a- bundance, and of an Impofthumous confidence, then it is to be feared, efpecially if it be vifcous, and cleaveth to the infide of his Noftrils, into which you are alfo to look, if the fharpnefs of the Humour bath as yet occafion'd any Ulcer, which is a certain token of its great malignity, not only becaufe it may be juftly fufpe&ed to be the Glanders, but it it is alfo dangerous for the infecting other Horfes. And if the Horfe have attained to eight Years, you are not to venture upon him, even altho' that grofs and vifcous Humour mould have only proceeded from a Rheum. As alfo if you perceive a fix'd Kernel, which the Horfe cannot fufFer you to handle, be- caufe of the great pain he endures by it, or that he cafts only at one Noftrii } or likewife if the Kernel fee very hard, though not painful •, or if he do not Cough with it, although he be under fix Years old. I think in all thefe cafes you may conclude with a great deal of reafon that it is the Glanders, CHAP. VII. How to know when a. Horfe* s Legs are good. HAving before treated of the Shoulders in the fe- cond Chapter, I fhaH next confider the Legsy which are the Pillars by which this Edifice is fup- ported. The Fore- Legs are fubjefr to many Infirmities, they are the Parts which fuffer molt, and are alfo commonly the fmalleft and weakeft. The firft mark I fhall give you of bad Legs, that is, which are ufed and fpoiled, is, if they appear altogether ftrait, or as they were all of one Piece. A Horfe is faid to be ftrait upon his Members, when from the Knee to the fore-part of the Coronet, the Knees, Part L PerfeSl Farrier. a 9 Knees, Shank, and Coronet defcend in a ftrait or Plum-line, and that the Pattern- joint appears more, or at kail as much advanced as the reft of the Leg. Such Legs are like thofe of a Goat, and make a Horfe apt to ftumble and fall • and in time, the Pattern is thruft quite forwards out of its place, and the Horfe becomes lame. That a Leg may be faid to be right planted or Htuate, the Pattern ihould be placed above two Fin- gers breadth more backwards than the Coronet, that is, if you ftretch a Thread or Line between the top of the Knee and the fore-part of the Coronet of the Hoof, the fore- part of the Pattern mould be di- ftant from that Thread about the breadth of two Fingers, more or lefs, according to the fize of the Horfe } whereas in a Horfe that is ftrait upon his Members, the fore-part of his Paftern will be as far advanced as the Thread or Line. Horfes which are ftrait upon their Members are quite contrary to thofe that are long- jointed, that is, whofe Pafterns are fo long and flexible, that the Horfe in walking almoft touches the Ground with them. This is a greater Imperfe&ion than the for- mer, for to them there may be fome remedy ufed^ but for this there can be none. Befides, it is a token of little or no ftrength, and fuch Horfes are not fit for any kind of toil or fatigue. Some Horfes, altho' they be long- jointed, yet do not bend their Pafterns in walking, and may prove ferviceable. There are Englijh Horfes of ftrong Reins, who altho5 their Paftern-joints are fomewhat long, yet if they are not too flexible, fuch Horfes will gallop and run with a great deal more eafe to his Rider, than if he were very fhort- jointed : And thefe are the only Horfes for Perfons of Quality, who have wherewithal to feek after their eafe and agreeablenefs in a Horfe. Such Horfes may be compared to Coaches with Springs, which render them 30 'the Compleat Horfeman : cry them infinitely more eafie than thofe without them. This Imperfection of bending too much the Pa- ftern-joint, fhould be as carefully taken notice of in the Hind- Legs as in the Fore : And there are alfo fome Horfes which bend too much only in the Hind- Patterns, and not in thofe before, which is a token that they have a very weak Hind- Quarter, and is a great Imperfection, whatever kind of Ser- vice they may be defigned for : And if they have Wind- galls, they are more dangerous behind than if they were before. Neither will they be proper for the Coach, becaufe they will not endure pulling back, or flaying the Coach upon any defcent. Obferve therefore narrowly, that the Pattern* joints be neither too ftiff nor too fmall, nor upon the contrary too plying and flexible. For the know- ledge of all I have faid concerning a Horfe being ftrait upon his Members, depends abfolutely upon the exacl: obfervation of the Pattern- Joints. Thofe Horfes which are fhort-legg'd, or fhort- jointed, are fubjedt to become ftrait upon their Members, efpecially. if, in Shooing, their Heels are left too high. Care therefore mutt be taken to keep the Heels of fuch Horfes very low, by frequent pa* ring them. Taftern Crowned. The Pattern- joint is alfo fometimes Crowned, as we fay, that is, when without being galled or hurt* there is a Swelling goes round it beneath the Skin, in form of a Circle, and about half the breadth of one's Finger. It proceeds from a Humour gathered there through much Travel, and fhews that the Horfe's Legs have been too much ufed. 1 (hall only add, that Horfes which have thick, ftirF, and fhort joints, that is no ways plying or flexible, are unfit for the Manager: For glib and flexible Joints, if they be not too long, are one of the Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 3 1 the chief qualities required in a fine and delicate Horfe of Manage. Legs Arched. The next Imperfection of the Legs is, when they are Arched, which is, when the Horfe being in his natural fituation hath his Knees bent forward, and his whole Leg frameth a kind of Arch or Bow. It proceedeth from exceflive labour, which hath can- fed the Nerves or Back-finews to fhrink up, fo that the Legs remain arched, and tremble beneath them when they are made to flop, after they have been rid a little. Such Horfes are not absolutely ufe- lefs, becaufe they may work notwithftanding of it. Spanijh Horfes are for the molt part arched in their Legs, as they are brought old from Spain, be- caufe they always Fetter them in the Stable. So likewife in Barbary, they never make ufe of a Hal- ter about the Head or Neck, in the Stable or at Grafs, but Shackle their Legs, and faften them to Stakes placed in the Ground. Some Horfes are foaled with arched Legs, and are not much the worfe for Service. But I would not buy a Horfe with this Imperfection but at an eafie rate, and unlefs I were fure that his Legs were fo naturally, and not occafioned by Labour or Fa- tigue. Having obferved the three preceding Imperfecti- ons ^ viz. whether a Horfe be ftrait upon his Mem- bers, long.jointed, or have arched Legs, you mult next pafs your Hand along the Back-finew of the Fore-leg, from the very bending of the Knee to the Paftern-joint, and you fhall obferve if the Sinew be large, firm, and at a good diftance from the Shank- bone (the broadeft and flatteft Legs being belt) and that there be no hardnefs to ftop your Hand, nor no moveable Jelly, to flip between your Fingers. There are fome Horfes, who although they have the Back-finew of their Fore- legs fomewhat fe- parate 3 2 The Cotnpledt Horfeman : ory paratefrom the Bone, yet their Sinews are fo fmall and fo*little detached, that with fmall labour their Legs will become round, and are called Ox Legs. You are next to obferve if the Back-finew doth not quite fail, as it were, juft beneath the Ply or Bending of the Knee. For although it fhould not be fo big there as in the middle of the Shank $ yet in fome Horfes it diminifhes fo extraordinarily, that in that place it is no bigger than one's Thumb, or is fo fix'd to the Bone that it but very little appears. This much weakens the ftrength of a Leg, though few People take notice of it ; and fuch Horfes are for the moft part fubjed to (tumble, or at leaft to trip and ftrike with their Toes againft the Stones. Wind-galls, Upon the fides of the Pattern- joints, there come fmall Swellingsfull of Water, called Wind-Galls, ea- lily perceived by the Eye, which fhew that his Legs have been too much ufed, but are not prejudicial un- lefs they be hard and painful, which will in a fhort time lame the Horfe. Small Wind- Galls do often come to Horfes upon a Journey, and go away again with a little Reft. Splint. Turning your Hand, feel along the fore-part of the Shank-bone, from the Knee downward, to find if there be any Splint ; which is a callous Excrefcence or kind of Griftle, adhering to the Shank-bone, and cometh commonly upon the infide : But if there be one oppofite to it on the out fide, then it is call'd a pegged or pinned Splint , becaufe it does as it were pierce the Shank-bone, and is very dangerous. Thofe ilmple Splints which are only faftned to the Bone at a pretty diftance from the Knee, and with- out touching the Back-finew, are not very dange- rous : But thofe that touch the Back-finew, makes the Horfe in a fhort time to halt* Erery Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 3 2 Every Saddle- horfe which hath a Splint fliould be lefs valu'd than if he wanted it ; and fo proportion- ably if he have two. In Coach- horfes the Imper- fection is not fo confiderable. Some deny that a Splint mounts upwards, but that it only dilates and extends it felf to the very Knee. But what way foever it cometh thither, it is certain that a Splint joining to the Knee always lames the Horfe. Horfes have in the fame place where the Splints come, that which we call Furies, which are two Splints joined by the ends, one above the other, and are more dangerous than a fimple Splint •, and there- fore 1 would never buy a Horfe which had them. Ojfelets. There are fome Horfes which have little Bones or hard Excrefcences in theKnees, call'd in French, Ojfe- lets; which is an I m perfection not very common,' and the harder to be difcover'd, becaufe they appear to be of the fame Subftance with the reft of the Knee. It is a kind of large Splint juft upon the Knee, which defcends about the breadth of two Fingers lower on the inflde of the Shank-bone than on the outfide. Some Horfes have two of them, one up- on each Fore-leg. If a Horfe have any of thefe Im- perfections (excepting the fimple Splint) viz.. the peggd Splint, the Splint joyning to the Knee, or Back- finew, theF«Ju>, and the Ojfelet, he is worth little or nothing. Mallender. There cometh in the bending of the Knee a Cre- vice or Chop, called a Mallender : It is fometimes fo painful as to make a Horfe halt. Every Horfe with a Mallender mould be the lefs efteemed for it *, for as he grows old, the pain will increafe {0 as to make him halt at fir ft going out of the Stable. Forme. Below the Paftern-joint, and in the very Paftern,1 you muft feel if there be not that which is called in D French 54 The Compleat Horfeman : or, Trench a Forme, which is a Swelling in the very Sub- ftance of the Pattern, and not in the Skin. They come as well in the Hind-legs as in the Fore; and although it be an Imperfection not very common, 'tis dangerous, and no other Remedy but firing and taking out the Sole; and the Fire alfo* cannot be applied to that place without great difficulty and danger. There are fome Swellings and Hardnefles which are only fix'd upon the Skin, and are not what we call Formes, but are either a Button of the Farcy, or fome other kind of Swelling not very ma- terial, being not at all fix'd to the Subftance of the Pattern. Crown- Scab* The Crown-Scab is a kind of itching Scurf upon the Coronet of the Hoof. It is of two kinds, a Moift and a Dry. They make the Hair to flare, and the Coronet to fwell. It is as troublefome an Infirmity as a Horfe can have, and they rarely re- cover. Clofed behind. I (hall next difcover unto you the Imperfections incident to the Hind-quarters. The firft is when a Horfe is too much clofed behind', that is, when the Hammes are nearer to each other than the Feet, efpecially the Points of the Hammes, called the Hocks, and the dittance enlarges ftill towards the Feet. Such Bow-legg'd Horfes are many times good ; yet they have commonly a weak Hind hand, and in great Defcents are apt toftrike their Hammes againft one another. Yet it is better to have the Hammes bowed inwards than outwards, which is a fign of Weaknefs ; and Amblers are more fubjea to it than others. The Hamme fhould be large and full, nervous and dry *, thofe which are charged with Flefh, or grounded, will be fubjeft to thofe Imperfections I am about to explain. Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 3 5 Cajxlet. You are firft to obferve the tip or point of the Hock, if there be a Capelet upon it ^ which may be known by the Tip of the Hock being moveable, and more fwell'd than ordinary. When it is fmall,itdoes no great prejudice, but if it mould grow large, it will be painful, and make a Horfe lofe his Belly. Veffigm* You are next to conlider if he have a Vefiigonl which is a kind of Wind-gall or Swelling, about the bignefs of half an Apple, lefs or more, compos'd of a foft and fpongeous Flefh, growing between the Flefh and Skin, and fituate in the Hollow next to the Hock, and beneath the big Sinew, a little above the Capelet, and bending of the Hamme, and which ap- pears but very little, except when the Horfe is reft- ing equally upon both his Hind-legs ; becaufe whea he bendeth his Hamme it doth not appear at all, nei- ther doth it often make a Horfe halt. It comes up- on both fides the Hamme, and fometimes on one on- ly, and is fituate a little above the Numb. 19, in the Figure of the firft Plate. Thofe that are fituate lower are not dangerous, and in young Horfes may, be difcufifed by moderate Exercife. Curb. There cometh upon the backfide of the Hamme; below the Capelet, and a little inclining towards the infide, a Swelling, which is called the Curb, which makes the Horfe frequently to halt, and is incu- rable. Upon the infideof the Hamme,a little diflant from the Curb, about the fame height, there is a Bone fomewhat high and elevate } and that part of the Hamme which is below that Bone fwelleth by a de- gorging of the great Vein, and is called a Varlffe, which doth not make a Horfe to halt, but only fometimes fpoils his Sale by growing exceffively D 2 large, g6 The CompleatHorjeman : ory large. Eafe and Reft (efpecially if the Part be daily bathed with Spirit of Wine) will foreftrift it, as to be imperceptible for the time. Spavin* Below the Curb and Variffe, but more upon the in- £de, beneath the bending of the Hamme, do the Spa- vins come, which are marked 31, in the Figure of the firft Plate, which are very troublefome, and do commonly at la ft lame the Horfe. They are of two kinds, viz.* the Ox Spavin, and the Dry Spavin. The Ox Spavin is a callous and griftly Swelling, hard as a Bone, and fo painful that it makes a Horfe lofe bis Belly. Some Horfes halt with them at the firft coming out of the Stable only, when the Spavins are but young : And I have feen Horfes with large and fmall Ox Spavins, which yet did not lofe their Flanks with them, but trotted very equally, and were fold at the fame Rates as if they had wanted thefe Spavins, becaufe no body obferved them *, for when they were handled they felt as hard as the Bone. Many half-skill'd People fay, that fuch Swel- lings are not Spavins, but the real Bones of the Legs, which grow bigger in fome Horfes than in others. When Ox Spavins do firft feize upon Horfes, they are the more difficult to be obferved, becaufe they do not rife much above the Subftance of the Legs •, but yet at their firft piercing they commonly make a Horfe halt, and afterwards the Swelling growing bigger, the Horfe halts no more with it : But firice they rarely come equally in both theHammes, the one Hamme is eafily perceived to be bigger than the other, which you may better difcern, placing your felf before the Horfe, a little towards one of the Shoulders, than if you were juft behind him : For a Spavin in its Infancy is larger towards the Ply and Bending of the Hamme, than behind it ; and by de- grees it will fo eacreafe, that it will at laft quite lame the Horfe, The Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 27 The fecond kiad is the Dry Spavin, which is per- ceived by the moft unskilful : For when a Horfe in walking raifes with a Twitch one of his Hind-legs higher than the other, he is then faid to have this kind of Spavin^ and will have it many times in both Hind-legs. Horfes that have this Infirmity do not always twitch up their Legs, but only when they firfb come out of the Stable, before their Legs are fuppled with walking. They often degenerate into Ox Spavins ', and there is no Remedy but to apply the Fire, and even that does not always cure 'em. pardon. If upon the outflde of the Hamme, below the Vef- figon, there be a Swelling as hard as a Spavin, mount- ing almoft as high as the part where the Pejfigon com- eth, it is called a Jardon, and is as much or more to be feared than the Spavin. It is not very common, therefore few People know it, altho' it be as pain- ful as the Spavin, and makes a Horfe to halt. There is no Remedy but Firing, which does not always fucceed. It is marked 32 in the Plate. If upon the Fore-finew of the Leg, between the Spavin on the infide, and the Jardon without, there be as it were a Circle which joineth them, and invi- roneth the Nerve of the Inftep, the Horfe is fpoil'd and ruind paft recovery. Selendcr. In the Ply of the Hamme, there are fometimes Chops and Crevices which referable the Malknder in the Fore legs, and are called the Selender. You are alfo to obferve if the Ply or Bending of the Hamme be fwell'd, unlefs it proceed from fome Accident, as calling with the Halter, being intang- led with the crofs hanging Bar, or fuch like •, ia which Cafes there is not much to be feared. Spavins and Jardons^ when they are hereditary, are incura- ble. They are more to be feared in young Horfes tha# in old, becaufe in young Horfes, Excrcife and D 3 Labour g 8 The Compleat Horseman : or, Labour makes them increafe, but in thofe which are paft feven or eight Years, when the Spavin is not very large, and provided they. do not mean or halt with it, and have alfo a good Body and full Flank \ in thefe, I fay, it is not fo much to be feared as in young *, however in either it at laft fpoils and ruins the Horfe. I come now to fpeak of the Infirmities of the Hind-Legs, from the Hamme downwards. Rats-Tails. There come upon the Back-finews Rats-Tails •, they are known by the part being without Hair, from two or three Fingersbreadth below the Hamme to the very Pattern- joynt, and are fometimes dry, and fometimes moift, but always accompanied with Crutts and hard Callofities, more elevate than the reft of the Leg. When they are moid: they fend forth a fharp Humour. There are fome Horfes which have them only in their Fore-legs, but this is very rare. Coach-Horfes of a large fize, which have their Legs charged with Flefh, Hair, and full of bad Hu- mours, are moft fubjedt to this and the following Infirmities, which feldom happen to Horfes of a middle fize. There are a kind of Warts or Leek-heads, which come about the Patterns and Pattern- joints. They are higher than the Skin about half the thicknefs of one's Finger, throw out filthy Sinking Stuff; fpoil the Leg, and are very troublefome to cure. Thofe which come in. the Patterns are hid beneath the long Hair of the Fetlocks, and are fome of them fo very malign, that they make the Hair fall all around them, and they themfelves grow up like Walnuts, There are others again more flat, and not fo much raifed above the Skin, but are more dangerous than thofe which are biggeft and moft elevate *, they are eafily dilcovered, being a great many mattering kind of Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 5P of Warts touching one another, and are without Hair : They, for the moft part, fend forth Matter, but may be dried up'for a Seafon. Figs. There come fometimes in the Soles a mattering kind of Warts, or rather Figs upon the Frufh, and are in a manner detached from it, and appear di- ftin&ly upon the middle of the Frufh towards the Heel, and commonly exceed the ordinary height of the Frufh. And fometimes they grow upon the fides of the Frufh, and beneath the Sole of the Foot ; and when they are confiderably raifed above the Frufh, fo that they touch the Ground as the Horle is riding, they then caufe him to halt. A Man may know when a Horfe hath been cured of Figs, becaule that Foot will be larger than the reft, altho' the Horfe be well recover'd and render good Service. KiVd Heels. Traverfe-Mules or Kib'd Heels^ are Chops and Clefts which fnrround the back parts of the Pattern- joints where they ply and bend. This is more painful than the preceding, becaufe thefe Chinks, as a Horle is riding, fhut and open, which makes them very painful. This Infirmity fhould not hinder a Man from buying a Horfe, if the Legs be not gorged and fwelled, becaufe they may be dried up, tho' with fome difficulty, by reafon of the motion made by the Pattern joint. Waters. The Hind-legs are fubjccl to a white, fli3rp, and corrupt Humour or Waters, which come very rarely in the Fore-legs, and are known by fearching the Patterns, if you find a Moiftnefs beneath the Hair, which is extremely ftinking, and groweth all round the Pattern and Pattern-joint, and fometimes al molt up to the very Hamme. They many times caufe the Patterns to fwell, keep the Legs [tiff, make the Horfe D 4 leai^ 40 the Contpleat Uorfeman : cry lean, and feparate the Flefh from the Coronet near to the Heels. They are eafily ftopt at firft •, but when they have continued a long time, People are deceived when they think to difcufs them, though they may be dried up for a certain time, but they return again. However, I would not fcruple to buy a young Horfe with fome of thefe Humours or Waters in his Patterns, provided his Hammes be dry, and that his Legs be not gorged. And although he have much Hair on his Legs, if they be broad, nervous,' and difcharged of Flefh, he will not be fubjecl: to thefe Infirmities, provided they be kept clean. But if his Legs be charged with Flefh, or have a full and flelhy Hamme, you (hall never find any fatisfa&ion in him. If you undertake the Cure of thefe Infirmities in Winter and cold Weather, they will give you a great deal of trouble : But in Summer-time the White Charge in the fecond Part of this Book will produce fuch Effects as you dare hardly wifh for. See the fecond Tart' Yon are alfo to obferve if his Pattern. joints are not. fwelled or have Crown-Scabs *, and if when he is Handing ft ill his Pattern- joint be not lodged more to one fide than the other \ or if it bend too much forwards \ or if he carry it fo low that it mifhapeth his Leg. Now fome Horfes have this Weaknefs in their Hind-legs, when they have it not in their Fore. Obferve alfo if he hath a Wind-gall that hath a- ny coherence with the Nerves, it being one of the greateft Infirmities a Horfe can have, always laming the Horfe, and there is no Remedy but Firing. Laffily, You fhall confider if the Horfe tread only upon his hind-toes, which you may know by the Shoe being worn in that part : The Back-fmew of the Leg fhrinks up, and the older he grows, it will be & **.■.■*•■ ftiH Parti. Terfett Farrier. 41 ftill the worfe. But this may be remedied by me- thodical Shooing when the Horfe is young. CHAP. VIII. How to know a Horfe* s Feet. TH E Foot being a part of the Body which dif- fers mod : If a Horfe have but one bad Foot, he is fit for nothing but the Plow, or fuch Countries which are free of Stones. A Man mufl: know Horfes very well to be able to judge exactly of fome forts of Feet. For fome will appear to be weak which are really good, and the little Horn they have is tough, folid, and capa- ble to ferve : Others again appear good, which are pained for being too fat and full of Flefh : The fureft way then is to take them of a good fhape, and if they prove good, they may be eafily kept fo ; or if bad, may be recovered by the right method of Shooing. Let us begin with the Hoof, which fhould be of a form very near round, and not longifh, efpecially toward the Heel, for long Feet are worth nothing : The Horn fhould be tough and folid, high, fmooth, of a dark colour, and without any Circles. Brittle Hoofs may be known by many pieces being broken from the Horn around his Foot. A Man may alfo know a bad Hoof by lifting up the Foot, and con- fidering if it have a Shoe forged exprefly for it, and if it be pierced extraordinarily, and the holes of it placed in fuch parts where it is not ufual, feeing he had not Horn enough to take hold by in thoie parts where commonly the Nails are driven. So Kails are never driven near to the Heels of the Fore-feet, but when the Toe is fo much fplit and broke that they can place none in it. If 4^t The Compleat Horfeman : or. If the Foot Be circled, altho' it do not make a Horfe to halt or mean his Foot, yet it is a fign that the Hoof is altered, or the Horn nought ; therefore other Circumftances muft be confidered } as firft, if the Horn be thick, becaufe Horfes with a thin Horn are faid to have fat Feet, and cannot be known but by feeing the Foot pared. Such thin-hoof 'd Horfes halt and mean their Feet a long time after they are ihooed, before they recover ftrength in them, fo that a Man is neceffitated to let them reft fome days after they are fhod, before he can make ufe of them. To know when Feet are fat, is one of the moft difficult things in the Knowledge of Horfes, their Jhape being as beautiful as that of any other Foot, and the Horn maketh the beft appearance in the World, only that the Hoof is fomewhat larger than the fize of the Horfe will allow of. You are alfo to confider if the Horfe have not a kind of Ciift in his Foot called a Falfe Quarter, which isoccafion'd by the Horfe's calling his Quarter and getting a new one \ for then the Horn beginning to grow, is uneven and ugly, and bigger and fofter than the reft of the Hoof. If the Clift be confider- able, and take up a quarter part of the Hoof, it fhould keep a Man from buying the Horfe, There are Horfes which have Over- reaches or Calkin-treads upon the Coronet,, which become hollow and grooved in curing, but then the hollow of the tread defcends proportionably as the Hoof grows, and is vifible upon it : It doth little or no prejudice to the Horfe if there remain no fwelling upon the Coronet. There are fome Gifts very dangerous •, for when Farriers havefometimes fired the Coronet, and burnt down a little upon the top of the Horn, iccaufes a clift or groove along the Hoof, which renders it ugly and hard as long as his Hoof lafts, and com- monly Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 43 monly ftraitens and dries up the Hoof in that part. However, it is not at all dangerous to apply Rays of Fire upon the Hoof, provided you do not burn the Coronet; nay, it is very profitable upon many occafions to perform it \ for example, when a Heel or Quarter is fo ftraitned, that it prefTes the little Foot or Coffin-bone, a Man may in that cafe, in- ftead of grooving the Hoof with a Drawing-Iron, apply the Rays of fire after the manner I have taught you in the Second Tart. Therefore when People fee a Foot thus fired, they (hould not be much ftartled at it, but only conclude that it hath been ftraitned, and that thofe Rays of Fire have been applied to enlarge it. You muft now lift up the Foot, the Heel of which mould be pretty high, broad, large, and open, that is, without being Hoof-bound, which is to have it too narrow and ftrait. You fhall alfo coniider if the Frog or Frufh be proportionable to the Foot, and that it be not too little and dry, nor too large and fat. Thofe which are little, and too much dried up, fill to the fhare of Hoof-bound or Nar- row-heel'd Horfes, becaufe the Heel's becoming ftrait, hinder the Frufli from being nourifh'd as it ought. When the Frufh is too large and fat, it is higher than the Sole at the Heels, and is always a token of a very bad Foot. The moft part of Horfes which have low Heels, have large and fat Frufhes, fo that they cannot walk but they touch the Ground, and fometimes halt, which mould be well confider'd, becaufe moft. Peo- ple, who underftand Shooing, take down their Horfe's Heels to preferve the Back- finews of their Legs : The Ignorant feeing a Heel cut and taken down in that fafhion, boldly pronounce that a Horfe hath none ; but in that cafe you are to ob- ferve the Frufh, which being but of a middle fize, the Horfe can fcarcely be too low-heel'd. You may Know 44 The Compleat Horfeman : or, know by the circumference of the Hoof, if the Heels are low, after a very little experience. You fhall in the next place, keeping the Horfe's Foot ftill up, conflder if the Sole be ftrong, and the whole Foot hollow, and at a pretty diftance from the Shoe, whereas fome Feet are fhaped like the back-part of an Oyfter-fhell, and the Sole is higher than the Hoof, fo that the whole Foot is quite fill'd up on the lower-part, they are then called Crowned- Sates ; and altho' fuch Feet have for the moft part their Heels low, yet are they ftraitned and narrow towards the Shoe, and become in a little time abfo- lutely ufelefs, unlefs it be for the Plow. Not but that by methodical Shooing, care and time, fuch Crowned-Soles may in fome meafure be rectified, if the Heels be only ftraitned near the Shoe, and have not their Frufhes over large, and their Heels too low : For thefe laffc there is no poflibility to re- cover them. There are other kind of Feet which People call Weahy becaufe altho' their Heels be indifferent high, yet they are but thin, that is, that at the point of theFrufh, betwixt it and the upper-part of the Hoof, they have but a fmall thicknefs } and altho' they have the inward part of the Foot, that is, the Sole hollow, yet they have fo little ftrength in their Feet that they calily halt, and are alfo fubjed to heat their Feet upon hard ways, the pain whereof maketh them lame. Thefe kind of Horfes are very often upon their Litter, that is, People are obliged to let them ftand foft, and give them but very moderate Labour. Hoof-binding is known, when the Heels do not take a right tour or compafs, but ftraiten towards the clift of the Frufh, fo that upon each fide of the faid clift, there rs not above a Finger-breadth of di- ftance, and that the whole Heel is little more than, two Fingers broad. Whereas a Horfe Ihould always have Part I. PerfeSl Farrier. 45 have about four at the Heel, little move or lefs ac- cording to the iize and bignefs of the Foot. There are narrow-heel'd Horfes which have high Heels, but fo weak, that by prefling the two fides of the Heel one againft the other, they yield and move, which is a token of tendernefs in the Foot ^ and altho' the Horfe were not Hoof-bound, yet fuch yielding Heels are always weak. Some narrow-heel'd Horfes have not high Heels, but on the contrary very low *, but then that part of the Hoofftext to the Heel, and which refts upon the Shoe, is much more ftraitned than that which is next to the Coronet, and it is that which Hoof- bindeth a Horfe : Now for thefe laft, the Tanton, or Pantable Shoes have a very good effect. There are Horfes which have the back-part of their Patterns next to the Heels, as if they were pointed, and by that means have their Feet too long, becaufe they exceed the ordinary roundnefs, and extend too much backward : Commonly fuch Hor- fes have very bad Feet, and are for the moll part Hoof- bound. Befides this fault in fmall iized Horfes of being Hoof-bound, they are alfo fubjecl: to have one of the fides of their Heels higher by an Inch than the other. This is a fault, tho' not fo bad as Hoof- bind- ing, becaufe Hoof-binding doth for the moll part make a Horfe to halt, and is alfo a fign of great drinefs in the Foot} whereas this proceeds partly from the drinefs of the Foot } and fometimes from bad Shooing : And the Method to prevent it, is to fhoe and pare the Feet every Month, that fo you may keep them from taking that bad fhape. Small- liz'd Horfes with narrow Heels, which never moifl- en their Feet in wet Ground, are moll fubjecl to this Infirmity. Hoof-bound Horfes axe alfo fubjeft to have Seyrnes or Clifts in their Quarters ; the drinefs of the Foot is ^6 The Compleat Horfeman : or, is the internal caufe of both. The external caufe is the Horfe's riding upon hard ground. It is eafily perceived by their not fetting their Feet firm upon the ground in walking. Hoofs round and fblid are feldom troubled with them. They are known by looking to the Quarters of the Hoofs upon the infide, which will be cloven from the Coronet to the very Shoe, quite thorow the Horn, and fnch Quarters are commonly ftrait- ned ; Some of thefe Clifts do not afcend fo high as the Coronet, and are therefore lefs dangerous , and altho' they may be recovered, yet it is an Imper- fection, efpecially in fat Feet, which have a thin Horn, where oft-times fuch Clifts occafion fcratches upon the Coronet. Horfes that have the Seymes cannot work but in very foft Ground \ for upon the Street, or hard Ground, the Blood frequently comes out of the Clefts. Cloven Quarters are al- ways a token of a dried Foot and bad temperature. Sometimes the Horn of the Hind-Feet cleaveth juft in the very middle of the fore-part of the Hoof from the Coronet to the Shoe ; they are called Ox- feet : They are not common, but very troublefome, and oft-times make a Horfe halt. There is another Imperfection called, in French^ Crapaudine or Tread upon the Coronet, and is a kind of Ulcer upon the Coronet, from whence there iflueth a filthy Matter, which by its fharpnefs drieth up the Horn beneath the part where the Tread is made, in which there is made a kind of hollow or groove down to the very Shoe,and it would feem that the Horn {brinks in that part,# by reafon of that Humour, which inftead of moift'ning it as it ought, changeth its Nature by the corruption it re- ceiveth from the Wound made by this Tread. It is a great Imperfection to have Feet too large or fat, or to have them too little. Such Horfes as have them too hrge, are for the moft part very heavy, Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 47 heavy, and apt to ftumble, efpecially if with fuch Feet they have weak Legs, and too long Patterns* And on the other hand too fmall Feet, are much to be fufpe&ed, becaufe they are frequently painful, and fubje& to cloven Quarters, and other Imperfe- ctions. In foundred Feet, the Hoof oft-times, towards the middle of the Foot, is fhrunk and fallen in, hath many Circles quite round the Foot, and appears al- together altered and dry, with the Heels all circled. Such Feet become ftill worfe, and the Horfe always fets his Heels firft to the Ground when he trots. Thefe bad kinds and lhapes of Feet mould be re- jected. CHAP. IX. How to know if a Horfe be well-bodied, or have a good Belly. HAving narrowly examined the Feet, you mult next confider if he have a good Body, and be full in the Flank. If the laft of the ftiort Ribs be a confiderable di- ftance from the Haunch- bone, altho' fuch Horfes may for the time have pretty good Bodies, yet if they be much laboured, they will lofe them,and thefe are properly the Horfes which have no Flank. A Horfe hath alfo no Flank, when his Ribs are too ftrakned in their compafs, which is ealily per- ceived by comparing their height with that of the Haunch-bones, for they ought to be as high and elevate as them, or but a very little lefs, when the Horfe is in good Cafe. If a Horfe be narrow-chetted, it not only hinders him from having a good Body, but his Wind and Breathing will never be very free, by reafon of the laft 48 The Compleat Horfeman : ory laft or hindmoft Ribs comprefling too much the in- ward Parts. If fuch Horfes as have their Ribs ftrait be great Feeders, then their Bellies will bfe gulphed up, fo that it not being poflible for the Entrails to be con- tained within the Ribs, they will prefs downwards, and make the fhape of a Cow's Belly, which is very- unbecoming. Befides that thofe Horfes that are ftrait Rib'd are very difficult to Saddle,for they muft have Saddles made exprefly for them *, they have no Wind, and are fubjecl: to the Cough. But they have generally a good Chine or Back. If a Horfe's not having a good Belly proceed front leannefs, he may be recovered by Reft and Eafe, with the afllftance of cooling and moift nourilhment, efpecially if his Ribs have a good compafs •, and if they have not, yet if he eat heartily his Hay and Oats, and drink well, he may prove as good as any for the Saddle, but I would not meddle with him for a Coach. Horfes with ftrait Ribs have general- ly good Backs, and altho' their Croups are not fo beautiful, being for the mod part pointed ; yet to fupply that they have excellent Reins. They are commonly called Sow-backs. It is an infallible Maxim, that a Man fhould ne- ver buy a Horfe which is both light-bodied and fiery, becaufe fuch Horfes deftroy themfelves in an inftant. Many People do ignorantly confound Fie- rynefs with Vigour or High-mettle; whereas true Mettle doth not confift in fretting, trampling, dancing, and not fuifering any Horfe to go before them, but in being very fenfible of the Spurs. Not but that fiery Horfes are many times very high- mettled, but their fault is in being fo, with this freU ful Difpofition. Horfes which have any great pain in their Hind- Quarters, are commonly light-bellied. Therefore when you are Ihown a Horfe that is light-bellied* look Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 4p look immediately to his Hammes, and in all proba- bility you will find there Spavins, jardons, or Capelets : Not but there are fome light-bodied Horfes which have none of thefe Infirmities in their Hanames, but there are few which have thefe Infirmities but what are light- bellied. Painful Scratches in the Hind-Legs will fometimes take away a Horfe's Belly, but they mould not hin- der you from buying, becaufe they may be eafily cured. Yet if the Scratches are fituate upon the back Sinew of the Leg, a pretty way above the Pattern- joint, altho' People may endeavour to make you believe they are nothing, I mutt tell you they are one of the molt troublefome external Maladies a Horfe can have. I have known Horfes to have them fix, eight, and ten Months, others to become Lame by them, and fome at lalt have died of them. A Horfe low in cafe cannot be made plump un- lefs he eat much Hay, which will make his Belly like that of a Cow with Calf, which may be reme- died with a Surcingle about a Foot and a half broad, with two little Cufhions to it, which may anfwer to the top of the Ribs upon each fide of the Back-bone, to preferve the Back from being galled with the Surcingle. And by this means a big or low Belly will pafs towards the Croup, and infenfibly diminifh. CHAP. X. How to know when a Horfe's Flanks are altered and out of order. IF a Horfe have a Flank full enough, you are to confider if he have it not too large, that is, if over-againft that part of the Thigh called the Stifle, E (marked «jo The Comple at Horj cman : or^ (marked 27 in the Figure) the Flank fall too low \ for if fo, it is a great advance to Purfinefs, efpe* dally if the Horfe be not very young. If he make a String or Cord in breathing, by attracting the Skin of his Belly where the Ribs fail, making as it were a Channel or Groove all along them, then it is a token that his Flank beginneth to alter^ or at leaft a certain fign that his Body is over- heated, that he hath been lick, or will in a Ihort time become fo. This Cord or Hollow along the Ribs does many times appear in vigorous Horfes, which have been undifcreetly pufh'd on or over-rid, and then it is not a fign of a&ual Purfinefs, but only that in a fhort time it may become fo. When a Horfe is far gone with this Diftemper,^ Itiseafily known, yet at the beginning of it a Man may readily be deceived. Therefore that you may not be impofed upon, you are firft to confider his 'Age, becaufe young Horfes are very rarely Purfy. You mult next obferve, if his Flank be not fw al- low'd up, or fall'n too low. Bat to be more cer- tain, you muft prefs his Wind-pipe near the onfet of the Head, that fo you may make him cough, and then take notice to the found of it ; if it be dry it is nought, and if it be dry and often reiterate, it; is yet worfe -n if it be moift there is not fo much ha-J 2ard : But if he Farts as he Coughs, then it is al- molt always a fign of Purfinefs. The fnreft way is .£0 view him in the Stable, immediately after he hath, drunk, or when he is eating his Oats \ for after galloping or travelling, or when he hath not d run kt for a pretty while, a Man cannot fo well judge ol Iiim *, nor when he is at Soil or Grafs, which althol it be thought to recover fome Horfes while they are! at it, yet is quite contrary : For as foori as ever they are taken up, and put to Hay and Oats again, they 1 will be worfe than ever, YoJ Part I. Perfe3 Farrier. $ i You muft exa&ly obferve if the Horfe's Flanks redouble as he is breathing, which is, when having breath'd and drawn up his Flank to him, he letteth it down on a fudden, and maketh at the very fame time, and with the fame breath, a redoubled mo- tion, as if he breathed a fecond time with one and the fame breath. You mult alfo obferve if the mo- tion of his Flanks appeareth at the upper part of his fhort Ribs, which is a Ugn that his Flanks are al- tered, but yet a great deal more if they beat and make their motion at the very top, and juft by his Back- bone, or too low and over-againft the flat part of his Thighs. If the Horfe be far gone with this Diftemper, his Lungs will be dried up and cleave to the Ribs, and there is no cure. After you are certain that the Hoife?s Flank is right and found, you are to obferve if he be not a Wheeler or Blower, which is quite different from Pur- finefs. For this Wheezing does not proceed from any defect in the Lungs, but from the narrownefs of the Paffages between the Bones and Griftles of the Nofe. And thefe Horfes do not want Wind *, for although they blow fo exceffively when they are exercifed, yet their Flanks will be but little mov'd, and in the fame condition as they mould be. How- ever it is difpleafing to the generality of People, who for the moft part take them to be Purfy. There are other Horfes again which are thick- winded, that is, who have their breathing a little more free than the former, but neither the one nor the other are agreeable, or for any great Service. Yet a Man may be miftaken in it ; for when a Horfe hath been kept a long time in the Stable without exercife, he will at firit riding be out of Wind, although he be neither a Blower nor thick- winded. There are forrie Wheezefs or Blowers which rattle and make a noife through their Nofe } but this Im- R % pediment d2 *¥he CompleatHorjewan : ory pediment goeth and cometh, and proccedeth only from abundance of Phlegmatick ftufF, for his Flanks will not redouble, neither will he have a Cough with it, and therefore cannot be Purfy. In buying Coach-Horfes People are many times caught and deceived, if they do not fee them draw before they pay for them. For fome of them while they are fhowing, will trot unitely, with their Shoulders free and eafy, and having a good move- ment with their Legs, will plant their Feet right upon the Ground, keeping their Heads high and firm •, and yet when Harnefled and put to a Coach, will as foon as they have trotted a little, puff or blow like Oxen. Therefore before you pay for a Coach-Horfe, fee him draw, and if in drawing he ftoop with his Hind-Parts, and raife his Fore, then he will draw right ; but if he raife his Hind-Parts, and ftoop with his Fore, then he will draw iff; You are in the next place to confider if the Horfe be Cheft-foundredi which is known by the fame Sym- ptoms almoft as Purfinefs. The only difference is, that young Horfes are fubjeft to Cheft-foundring as well as old •, wrhereas they are commonly Horfes of fix Years old and above that are troubled with Pur- finefs % at leaft, it is a Difeafe which rarely happens to very young Horfes, and when it does, they have it naturally from their Sire or Dam. Cheft-foundring may proceed from Crudities in the Stomach, or other Infirmities obftrudling the Paffages of the Lungs. The difference between Cheft-foundring and Purfinefs is, that in the firft there is hopes of Recovery, but none in the Iaft. Grafs, and much refrefhing and cooling cure Cheft- foundring, but eucreafe Purfinefs. CHAP. Parti, PerfeSi Farrier, 33 CHAP. XL How to know when a Horfe is right planted on his Limbs y and if he walks or treads welL BEfore you fee him walk, obferve him as he is ftanding in the Stable *, becaule upon the right or wrong Camming of a Horfe, his good or bad go- ing in a great meafure depends. He fhould Hand equally upon his Legs, and not one advanced before the other. If he advances one of his Hind-legs, let- ting the Toe only to touch the Ground, it is no bad ilgn •, But if he advances one of his Fore-legs, and only point it to the Ground, it would be a fign that he is pained in that Leg. There be fome Horfes; as there are Men, who can never plant themfelves right upon their Legs \ and I have feen fcveral Hor- fes advance one of their Fore-legs more than the other, who had neverthelefs their Legs good, and never made a falfe Step. His Legs fhould be wider above than below ; that is, the diftance between his Feet fhould be lefs than between his Fore-thighs; at that part next to the Shoulders. The Knees fhould not be too clofe, but the whole Leg fhould defcend in a ftrait Line to the very Paftern-joint, and the Feet fhould be turned neither out nor in. As for the Hind-hand, his Jarrets or Hammes fhould not be too clofe. The Inftep which is betwixt the Hock and Paftern-joint, fhould ftand perpendi- cular to the Ground : If it ftand forward under his; Belly, the fituation of it is bad •, or if he turn the Toes of his Hind-feet much outward, efpecially if deligned for the Coach, becaufe for want of ftrength in his Haunches, he cannot fo well keep back upon any conflderable defcent. Therefore put him back with your Hand j and if in going back, the Toes E 3 of ^4 The Cdmpkat Horfeman : or0 of his Hind- feet turn outward, he will be for nq great Service, and the more he turns them out, the more reafon you will have to conclude he is a bad Horfe, whatever other Qualifications he may have. Having thus obferved him fuanding, let him be trotted along the Srreet in one's Hand, and take no- tice if the lifting up, keeping up? and fetting down of his Legs be fuch as I am going to defcribe \ as alfo if he keep his Reins ftrait and equal without rocking or fvvinging ; his Head high, well placed, and firm •, for if he halt he will mark every time in his Trot with a motion of his Head. Then caufe fome body to ride him a foot-pace, wherein you are to take notice if he have the Raifwg or lifting up of his Leg, the Stay, or keeping of ic up, and the Tread or fetting of it down, all good. The Ralfing will be good if he perform it hardily and with eafe, not croiling his Legs, nor carrying his Feet too much out or in, and that he alfo bend his Knees as much as is needful. The Stay is good when he keeps them up fo long as he ought, his Head and Body remaining in a good Pofture, and if he do not fet down one Leg fuddenly to give eafe to another Leg which is weak or pained. The Tread is good if it be firm, and without rett- ing upon one fide of the Foot more than upon the other, or fetting down the Toe or Heel one before, the other: If he fet his Heels firfl: to ground, then is it a fign that he isfounder'd in the Feet ; but if he fhall fet his Toes firfl: to ground, then will it be a Token that he hath been a Draught- Horfe: The whole Foot therefore fhould be fet down equally, and at the fame inftant of rjme, and turned neither out nor in. Some Hot fes, altho'they have the Raifing, Stay., mi Tread of the Foot very good, yet they have a bad Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 5 5J bad Walk. Therefore it is not altogether enough to confider in a Walk thefe three Anions of the Leg, but you muft alfo obferyC if he walk Quickly, Lightly^ Eafily and Surely. To walk Quickly, is to advance confiderably up- on the Step : Now every one is a competent Judge to know whether he fteps quickly or flow- ly upon his Walk, and therefore I fhall fay no more of it. To walk Lightly, is to be light on the hand ; that is, he mould not prefs or reft too much upon the Bitt, but be always cham ping upon it, keep his Head high, and move quickly his Shoulders. A Horfe will walk Eafily if he be united , that is,' if his Fore-hand and Hind are, as it were, both one when he walks, and if they both make, as it were, but one Motion. There are fome Horfes whofe Fore-quarters go right, but their Croup, when walking, fwings from fide to fide, which is called a rocking Croup. And when fuch a Horfe trots, one of the Haunch-bones will fall and the other rife, like the Beam of a Ballance, which is a fign that he will not be very vigorous. To walk Surely, he muft lift up his Legs indiffer- ently high : If he does not bend them enough, he will be cold in his Walk, and apt to ftrikeupon the Stones and Clods. This cold way of Walking or Riding is for the mod part a Token that the Horfe hath his Legs fpoilt 5 although many Colts have a cold Walk before ever they be wrought. Moreo- ver, to walk Surely, a Horfe mould have his Tread good and firm, that he may not be fubjedt to (tum- ble, but ride fecurely. The Opinion of moft People is to be ad mired, who pretend to know if a Horfe goes well, if he over- pafTes the Tread of his Fore-foot very much with his Hind, which is a moft ridiculous Miftake, and ftould be joined with that of paffing the Hand & 4 before t6 The CompleatHorfeman : or, before a Horfe's Eyes, to know if he have a good Sight. Moft Horfes which thus overpafs, if they do it considerably, fwing their Croup from one fide to t'other and rock, which is contrary to what we required in a good Walk. Befides fuch Horfes com- monly Forge •, that is, with the Shoes of their Hind- feet they overtake thofe of their Fore, and fo pull them off upon the Road} neither have they any Reins or Mettle. 1 don't deny but fuch a Horfe may walk fwiftly, but he will rarely have good Reins ; neither can he go eafily, becaufe he hath not a quick, but long and ftretched Step all upon his Shoulders, which will make him more fubjecl: to Humbling, becaufe he is not fupported by his Reins. This Obfervation of a Horfe's overpaffing with his Hind-foot the Tread of his Fore, is as good a Re- mark for his Ambling well, as it is bad for his Walk- ing well : For it is certain a Horfe can never amble upon his Haunches, nor go well, if he do not with his Hind- feet overpafs the Treads of hisFore,at leaft a Foot, or a Foot and a half; and the more he over- pafles, the better will he amble. There are fome Horfes, who although they have too long Haunches, yet commonly walk well. Such Horfes are good to climb up Hills ; but to ballance that, they are no ways fure upon a defcent } for they cannot ply their Hammes, and they never gal- lop (lowly, but almoft at full fpeed. The Haunches are too long, if when the Horfe hi Handing in the Stable, he camps with his Hind-feet \ farther back than he ought, and that the top or on-i fet of his Tail doth not anfwer in a perpendicular] Line with the tip of his Hocks, as it always does in Jiorfes whofe Haunches are of a jufl; length. C H A P-i Part I. FerfoB Farrier. 57 CHAP. XII. How to know if a Horfe* $ Mouth be good. AHorfe to have a good Mouth mould have a well-rais'd Neck, and if it be fomewhat large and thick, it mould be at leaft well-turned, his Reins ftrong and well-fhaped, and his Legs audi Feet likewife. If he have all thefe right, no doubt but he will have (unlefs it be by accident) a very good Mouth. But if his Jaw-bones be too clofet and that he have alfo a fhort and thick Neck, fo that he cannot place his Head right, his having 2 good Mouth will be to little purpofe, becaufe you cannot make ufe of it. Having felt his Jaw-bones, to know if they are fufficiently feparated, put your Finger into his Mouth, prefling his Barr pretty hard with it, and if you find it paineth him, it is a token that the Barr is fenfible, and confequently that his Mouth is good *, however too great a degree of fenfibility would render it bad, as I fhall (hew you. If the place where the Curb refts be hurt, you may infer by it, that the Horfe has either a bad Mouth, refts too much upon the Bitt in travelling, or that the Rider hath a hard Hand, or the Curb is ill made : But in buying a Horfe a Man mould always conclude the worft againft him, and believe that the place where the Curb refts hath been hurt, either by his having too hard a Preflure upon the Curb, or by his Mouth's not being fo fenfible as it ought. If the Barr have been hurt, although it be healed up, it is almoft as much to be fufpe&ed as a bad Mouth, becaufe the Scar where the Wound was, will never have that fenfe of feeling it had be- fore^ t{8 The Compleat Horfeman : ory fore, nor will the Mouth of the Bitt reft fo equally upon it. To be certain of a Horfe's Mouth, you muft put him on pretty fmartly, and then prefently flop him ; by his parting you will know if he be ticklifh- mouth'd by his chacking the Bridle, or throwing • up his Head. Again by his Stop ^ you will find if he flop eafily, and by the leaft Motion of your Hand, with his Head firm and well placed. The Mouth fhould be full of Froth ; and if he champ continually upon the Mouth of his Bitt, it is a token of a good Horfe, for few bad ones have this Adion. If the Froth be thin and fluid, or of a pale, grey or yellowifh colour, it denotes a bad-temper'd Brain •, but if it be white and thick, cleaving to his Lips, and Branches of the Bridle, then you are to look upon the Mouth to be frefh, and that the Horfe is of a good Conftitution, and found in his Body. ■■ CHAP. XIII. How to judge of a Horfe7 s Vigour mi Agility. WHen the Horfe is (landing flill, keeping him fall with the Bridle-hand, apply your Spurs juft to the Hair of his Sides, which by Horfemen is termed Pinching: And if you find him to be im- patient under you, aflembling himfelf, and endea- vouring to go forward, champing upon the Bitt without thrulling out his Nofe, it is a iign of Heart and Vigour. There are fome Horfes which fhew a great deal of Mettle when they are pinched, but immediately lofe the apprehenlion of it \ fo that though Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. $$ though they have a very fenfible feeling, which pro- ceeds moft from the thinnefs of their Skin, yet are of a dull and craving Nature and Difpofition. Of fuch Horfes it may be faid, that they are rather ticklith, than really fenfible of theSpurrs. There is great difference between a mettled Horfe and a fiery one. A mettled Horfe mould be efteem'd, but a fretting and fiery Horfe is good for nothing. A Horfe truly vigorous fhould be calm and cool, ride patiently, and not difcover his Mettle but when required. Some Horfes, when a Man gives them the Spurs^ will not endure them, nor go forwards, but ask were cleaving and faftning to them, ftrike out, and go back •, and if you prefs them hard, they will then fall a pifling, and not Mir out of the place. If he be a Gelding, he will with difficulty quit this Humour *, but if he be a Stone-horfe, he may per- haps forget it for a time, if he be under the Con- dud of a good Horfeman ; but if he once get the Mattery of any of his Riders, he will then be jult to begin a- new again. This is not to fay, but Geldings, if guilty of any other Vice but this of Kicking againft the Spurs, may be eafily reduced, if they have not been long accuftomed to it. In a word, every Gelding, Stone-horfe, or Mare, which does not fly the Spurs, but obftinately cleaves to and kicks againft them, lhould be look'd upon as of a crofs and dogged nature, and therefore to be rejected. When you mount a Horfe to try him, if he will not obey, but endeavours to go where he will, you are to reject him, as a refty Jade ought always to be ; for a Man lhould buy Horfes which have no other Will fave that of their Rider. Thefe kind of Hor- fes never quit altogether this Vice, and therefore lhould not be meddled with. The 60 The Compleat Horfeman : or. The furefl; Method will be to chufe fuch Horfes as are very apprehenfive of Stroaks, and are afraid at the leaft appearance of them, which at the only clofmg or grafping of the Legs, or rather Thighs, are afraid and alarm'd, and that without fretting or fierinefs. A Horfe which walks deliberately and fecurely, without needing too often the Whip, and without fretting, goes from the walk to the Gal- lop, and from the Gallop to the Step again, without being difquieted,but always champing upon his Bitt, trots with a glibnefs upon his Shoulders, and gal- lops eafily, fnorting a little thorow his Noftrils : If he be well upon his Haunches, have a light and cade Stop, his Head firm and well-placed, and the feeling of the Bitt equal and juft, I fay, if he have thefe Qualities, you will feldom have caufe to com- plain for his Price. 1 fhall only add, that whatever other good Qua- lities a Horfe may have, that you never give a good Rate for him, unlefs he have thefe two, of having a good Mouth, and being fenfible and obedient to the Spurs. CHAP. XIV. After what manner a Man jhould mount and try a Horfe he intends to huyt \ A Ffter you have feen the Horfe rid by another £\ Perfon, it will be fit to mount him your felf, that you may know if his going pleafe you Take the Horfe as he comes out of the Stable, and if poifible, before he hath been rid that day, and without animating, or in the leaft frighting him with your Legs or Rod, flack your Bridle-hand a- bout four Fingers breadth, more than is necellary to Parti. TerfeEk Farrier. 6t to feel him on the Hand, letting him go at a Step according to his own Fancy and Humour, with his Head lolling if he will, and you no ways troubling him : Now if you can have but patience to let him walk thus for a quarter of an Hour, if he incline to (tumble, he will trip more than once, and per- haps falute the Ground with his !Nofe, if he be very fubje& to it. If he be heavy on the Hand, he will reft wholly upon the Bitt, and be a burden to the Bridle-hand. If he be dull and lazy, he will ditni- nifh infenfibly the train of his Walk, and will at laft ftand ftill. To put him on again, you muffi move gently your Body and Legs, nay, even your Arms, and infallibly you will know your Horfe better thus in half an Hour, than in half a Day by any other Method. Again, if after having made this proof, you caufe him to go at an attentive Pace, and that he be under the appreheniion of your Spurs, he will unite all his ftrength and mettle to pleafe you ; whereas if you fuffer'd him to walk on negligently at his pleafure, he would not much help or advance his Sale } becaufe it is commonly in the firft hundred yards or fo, that a Horfe after he hath been fwitch'd or fpur'd, gives the greateft token of his Mettle, by reafon the correction he received is fo long frefh in his Memory : But if after he is once freed of that appreheniion, by your negligence in preffing him on, and flacknefs of your Thighs and Legs, he notwithstanding go chearfully for- ward, with a raifed and well-placed Head, and champing his Bitt, his Step well-raifed and refolute, without either Humbling or ftriking the Clods or Stones in the way, 1 fay, fuch a Horfe without doubt cannot but be vigorous and mettled, and alfo go well. As for Amblers they fhould go roundly and equally, that is, their Hind-Quarters fhould exadlly accom- pany their Fore, and not go as if they were in two pieces 61 *the Compleat Horfewdn : or, pieces or halves: But above all, you mould obferve" if theFerfons upon them make but a little motion with their Bodies, which will be a certain token that fuch Horfes go well, and that not only the Amble, but alfo the Step. The bed obfervation for Amblers, and to know if they really go well, is to take notice if they over- lay much in Ambling, which is, if with their Hind- Feet they over-pafs a Foot and a half, or two Foot the print of their Fore, for the more they over-pafs them with their Hind-Feet the better will they Amble, becaufe it is impoflible for them thus to over-pafs with their Hind-Feet the tread of their Fore, without plying conflderably their Haunches^ which is the perfe&ion of the Amble. It now remains that I fpeak of thofe Horfes which go muffling and mixt Paces, which, generally fpeaking, are worth nothing, and commonly fuch Horfes are fretful and fiery, which obliges them at their firft out-fetting to betake themfelves to fuch fhuffling Paces. Sometimes alfo it proceeds from a weaknefs either in their Reins or Legs : But if it hath never beenaHorfe's cuftom to go a muffling Pace betwixt the Walk and Amble, and that you find he now inclines to it of his own accord, it is a iign that his Legs are either fpoil'd or weak, and that he endeavours by this kind of Pace to give eafe to them. A Horfe defign'd for Hunting fhould be vigorous and full of Mettle (but not fiery) gallop upon his Haunches, and graze but (lightly upon the Ground with his Feet *, that is, mould go fmooth, and not raife his Fore-feet too high. His Head and Neck high and well-placed, without retting too much upon the Snaffle, and alfo giving a little fnort with his Noftrils each ftroke he makes, which is a token of a good Wind. When you make tryal of a Galloper^ obferve if he perform it equally, and pufh him on a Utttt PartL FerfeSt Farrier. 6% little hard, that you may know by his Stop if he have ftrength and vigour, which is called a Source or Fund, and if he be alfo fenfible of the Spurs. CHAP. XV. Of the different Colours of Horfes : With fome Qh- fervations that may be drawn from them. THe Duke of Newcaftle ridicules all fuch as re- gard either Colour or Marks, and laughs at thofe who think that a Horfe is compofed and nou- rifhed by the four Elements • for, faith he, both Men and Horfes receive their Suftenance from Meat and Drink only. However, fince fome People will not be perfwaded, but that the natural Temper and Conftitution of Horfes may be difcovered in a great meafure by their colour, 1 fliall briefly name them unto you. The moft common of all Colours is the Bay : Some have dark Spots on their Croup, and are cal- led Dappled Bays. The dark Bay is that which is almoft black, only hath a little brown Hair upon their Flanks and tip of the Nofe *, and is therefore fometimes called Brown Bay. All thefe kind of Bays have their Manes and Tails black : Neither was there ever a Bay Horfe which had not his Extremities black. The Grays are of feveral kinds. The branded Gray is he which hath large black Spots difperfed here and there. The light or lilver Gray is when there is a very fmall mixture of black Hairs, and only fo much as may diftinguifh it from the white. The fad or powder'd Gray is a colour with a very great mixture of black Hairs in it, and is a pretty colour ^4 The Compleat Horfemati : ory colour when the Mane and Tail are white : The Black Gray is almoft the fame with a great deal of Black, and but little white. The Brownifh or Sandy- coloured Gray, is when there is Bay-coloured Hairs mixed with Black, and is a very good colour. The Dapple-Gray is commonly known. Of Pye-bald Horfes are feveral kinds, as Black, Bay, and Sorrel. The lefs White they have, it is fo much the better token of their goodnefs. The Roan is as good a colour as any of the pre- ceding ; and there are feveral kinds, as the Roan of a Wine-like colour, which approaches near to the colour of a pale Claret •, and the Roan with a black Head, which hath alfo his .Mane and Tail black. The Starling- colour fomewhat refembles the brownifh or black Gray, only more Freckled, and having a confiderable deal more white, refembling the colour of that Bird's Breaft and Back- feathers. Horfes of the colour of a Peach- flower or Blof- fbm are very rarely fenfible and obedient to the Spurs, but their colour is delicate and pleafing td the Eye. The Sorrel is a kind of Bay of a brown or rather reddifh colour. There are but few but what arc good, efpecially if their Manes, Tails, and Legs be black. There are feveral kinds of Sorrels, and their dif- ference chiefly confifts in the colour of their Manes and Tails : As, The Red or Cow-colour'd Sorrel, with the Mane and Tail White, or of the fame colour with their Bodies. The Bright or Light-coloured Sorrel, hath com- monly the Mane and Tail White, and is not much ^vorth. tht Part I. Per feci Farrier. 6$ The Common-Sorrel, which is as it were a Me- dium between the Red and Bright, is that which is commonly called Sorrel, without any other di- ftin&ion. The Burnt-Sorrel is of a very deep brown and reddifh colour, and fhould have always the Mane and Tail white, and are very rarely of another co- lour •, and this is a beautiful and good colour. The molt part of Sorrel Horfes, except fuch as have their Flanks of a pale colour, and their Extre- mities white, anfwer readily to the Spurs, and are for the moft part of a cholerick Conftitution. There are other mixt kinds of colours, fuch as the Rubican, which is when a black or forrel Horfe hath white Hairs here and there fcattered upon his Bo- dy, but efpecially upon his Flanks. The Moufe-colour or Dun is well known. Many of them have black Lifts along their Backs, called Eel-Back'd. Others have their Legs and Hammes lift- ed or rayed with black, with their Manes and Tails quite black. Some are of a bright Dun-colour, but the dark are moft ferviceable, efpecially if their Extremities be black. The Wolf colour is of two kinds, Bright or Dark; if it be very bright, it refembles the Ifabella-colour \ fuch Horfes have always, or at lead fhould have, a black Lift along their Backs, with their Manes, Tails, and Legs black \ and are for the moft part very good. The Tiger-colour is almoft the fame with the Branded Gray before- mentioned, only that the Spots are not by far fo big. The Deer-colour is fufficiently known, and if fuch Horfes have their Manes, Tails, and Legs black5 they will prove good *, and if they have a black Lift along their Backs, they will be fo much the better. 66 The Compleat Horfeman : or3 Altho' there be good Horfes of all colours, as there are good Greyhounds of all Marks, yet I fhali tell you which colours are molt efteemed. and fo conclude this Chapter. The Bay, Chefnut, Dapple-gray, Roan with a black Head, the burnt and dark Sorrel, the Black with a Blaze or Star in the Forehead, are all good colours. I have feen fome very good Iron-coloured Grays, altho5 ic be generally no good colour. And I have known very good White Horfes, which were black all about their Eyes and Noftrils. The Flea-bitten Gray, which have good Eyes* feldom fail to prove good, but there are but few Horfes of this colour until they become a little aged. Thofe that are flea-bitten in their Fore-Parts are commonly excellent } and if they have them all over their Bodies, the Mark is fo much the better. But if they have them only upon their Hind-Quar- ters, and none upon their Fore, then they are rarely good. CHAP. XVI. Of White Feet, Stars, Blazes, Feathers. v A Ltho' thefe Marks in the Opinion of the Duke JtSl oiNewcaftle, are nothing but fo many Abfur- dities, as alfo what People fay of white- footed Hor- fes, that there are four good Marks belonging to them,and fevenbad} yet fince many People rely much upon them, I fhall defcribe them as briefly as 1 can. The firft good Mark is when a Horfe hath only his far Fore-foot \ the fecond when he hath his near Hind-foot white. The far Hind-foot white is efteemed a bad Mark. The two Fore-feet white is a bad Mark, but not very common. I have known but Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 6y but few Horfes with this Mark, neither were they much worth. The two Hind-feet white is a good Mark,efpecial« ly if he have a Star or Blaze in his Forehead, The two Fore-feet, and one Hind-foot white, 13 fomewhat better than the two Fore- feet alone. Four white Feet (hews good nature, but are com- monly riot very ftf ong ; and their Forefeet will incline to be brittle becaufe. of the whitenefs of the Horn. Two Feet of a fide white is a bad Mark, and fo it is when a Horfe is Crofs- white- footed \ altho' fome People look upon it as a good Mark to have the far Fore- foot and near Hind- foot white,efpecial- ly if he have a Star with it. Er mined white Feet are thofe which are freckled with little black Spots round the Coronets : An ex- cellent Mark. The higher the White afcends upon a Horfe's Legs, he is fo much the worfe. But after all, the Judgment drawn from Colours and Marks is accord- ing to Men's Fancies, there being good and bad of all Colours, as well as of all Marks. A Feather is nothing elfe but a turning of the Hair* refemblingin fome an Ear of Barly, and a kind of Oilet-hoie in others. When it reacheth a good way along the upper part of the Neck, near to the Mane, it is a good Mark, and if it be on each fide the Keck, the Mark is the better. So likewife if there be in the Forehead two or three of thefe Oilets fe- parate from each other, or fo joined that they form a kind of Feather. Or if the like Mark be upon the ply of a Horfe's Hind-Thigh, and upon the back part of it near to where the end of his Dock or Rump reacheth, it is a very good Mark. It is faid of Horfes which have white Faces or Blazes, th3t if the Blaze be divided in the middle, croft-ways, the Hovfe will be of an odd difpofition* F 2 But 6% The CoMpIeat Horjentan : of, But if his near Hind-foot be white, it will re&ify that blemifti. Every Horfe that is not White or Gray, is efteem- ed the better for having a Star in his Forehead. You inay eafily difcover when it hath been made by Art, becaufe there will be no Hair in the middle of it, and the white Hairs will be much longer than the reft. The Hollanders roaft a large Onion in hot Afhes, and being almofl: throughly roafted, they divide it in two, and dip it into fcalding hot Walnut-Oil, after which they immediately afply the flat fide of it to that part of the Forehead where they intend to make the Star, and there keep it for half an Hour, and then take it away, and anoint the fcalded place ■with the Ointment of Rofes : In a fhort time the Scarf- Skin falls away, and there grows up in the new one fome white Hairs, but the Star in the mid^ die remains always without Hair, as was before ob- ferved. CHAP. XVII. How to know if a Horfe have a good Jppetite, of be fubject to the Tick. Bfifore you conclude your Bargain when you are buying a Horfe, obferve if he eat heartily, for tho? there are fome great Feeders which are no great Toilers •, yet there are very few which can endure a long Fatigue, but what have excellent Ap- petites, If a Horfe be light- bellied, it were convenient to try him one Night, giving him fifteen or twenty pound weight of Hay, and if there be none next Morning remaining, he has a good Appetite. Ob- ferve alfo if he drink well LighS- Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 6$ Light-bellied Horfes, altho' they may eat their Oats heartily, yet for the moft part do not eat much Hay, nor confequently drink luftily, whereby they cannot travel fo well, becaufe with Oats alone they are too much over-heated, when a Man is oblige ed to give a great quantity of them, that fo they may fupply the want of Hay. You may be eafily deceived, if you conclude that a Horfe has a good Appetite, becaufe he is fat and lufty, and carries a good Belly } for he may have been pamper'd for fome time, and yet may difguft and lofe his Appetite by the lead Fatigue. Some Horfes, as they eat their Oats, take their Heads out of the Manger, and yet eat all up \ thole Horfes may have a good Appetite, but lofe a great deal of their Oats •, whereas he fhould not flir his Nofe from among them until they are all eat up. But (if his Oats are frefh and no ways mufty) and he forfake them and fall to eating his Hay, you may conclude that he hath no good Appetite. Take notice while he is eating his Oats if he be not fubjedt to the Ticl, which is a prefling the edge of the Manger with his upper Teeth, and giving a kind of Belch through his Throat, whereby he lofes part of his Oats. Laftly, When you are buying a Horfe, take care not to fall in love with him, for when this Paflion hath once feized you, you are no longer in a condi- tion to judge of his Imperfe&ions. CHA'P, 70 The Compkat Horseman : or. CHAP. XVIII. Directions for freferving Horfes found upon Travel. FIrft fee that his Shoes be not too ftrait and prefs his Feet, but be exactly (haped, and let him be Shod fome days before you begin a Journey, that they may be fettled to his Feet. You are next to fee that he be accommodated with a Bitt proper for him, and by no means too heavy, which may incline him to carry low, or to reft up- on the Hand when he grows weary, which we call making life of his fifth Leg.. The mouth of the Bitt mould reft upon his Barrs, about half a Fin- ger's breadth above his Tufhes, and not make him to frumple his Lips. The Curb mould reft in the hollow of the Beard, a little above the Chin, and if it gall him, you muft defend the place with a piece of Buff or foft Leather. The n^xt thing to be obferved is, That the Saddle do not reft upon his Withers, Reins, or Back Bone •, and that 210 part of it do more prefs his Back than another. To know if it reft equally over all, caufe fome Perfon to get upon it, and if the Toes or Points of the Saddle's Fore-bow prefs too much theHorfe's Sides, then the upper part of it will be void and hollow, and not ciofe enough to the Horfe's Back, and fo the Saddle will be too narrow in its Toes or Points : But if the Points of the Fore-bow be too wide and open, then they will not touch him at all In that part, but the upper-part of the Saddle will prefs him a little below the Withers, and fo hurt and pinch his Shoulders, or occafion Sit-fafts, which cure difficult to cure. So Part I. Perfect Farrier. 7 1 . So likewife if the Hind- bow of the Saddle pref$ at its Points, then it will not come clofe enough to his Back above *, and if it reft too clofe upon his Back above, then it will betooeafieat the Points, and fo quickly fpoil the Horfe where it prefleth moil. The Stuffing of the Saddle fhould be of Deers- Hair, or the long Hair of Horfes Manes and Tails, or even that of the Tails of Oxen, which does not harden near fo much with the Sweat, as the ordi- nary Hair of Oxen and Cows % and fome ufe well- dried Mofs, as leaft apt to harden with Sweat. When the Saddle is placed too forward, the flefh of the Shoulder will appear raifed at the Points of the Fore-bow when the Horfe is in motion. The fame will happen if the Pannels be too much ftufFd before, or that the Toes of the Fore-bow be too narrow and ftrait. The Fore-bows fnould be always diftant from the Withers two or three Fingers breadth, and when you perceive they lie too near, you fhould immediately rectify it, by fluffing thac part of the Pannels called their Breafts or Paps. If your Horfe be low before, or the Fore-bow of your Saddle too wide, or the Pannels too much ftufFd behind, fo that you muft have recourfe to a Crupper, take care that it be neither too ftrait drawn nor too flack, and that the Buckle do not gall him by refting upon his Reins. The Dock-piece fhould be large and full, rather than too fmall, and let it be greafed every Day if he gall beneath the Dock, and wafh the Sore with Water and Salt, or good Brandy, which is the moil fovereign Remedy, if the Horfe" will fuffer it. The Br eajf -plate fhould be alfo of a jtift length, and the Buckles fo placed as not to gall him. ^ Some Riders do gall a Horfe's Sides below the Saddle, with their Stirrop-Leathers, efpecially if he be lean 3 to hi.ader it, you muft fix Leather Straps F 4 be: <7^ The CompleatUorfeman : cr, between the Points of the Fore and Hind-Bows of the Saddle, and make the Stirrop-leathers pafs over them. Let your Stirrop-leathers be ftrong, as alfo the Stirrop-irons, which fhould be pretty large, that you may the fooner quit them in cafe of a Fall. Having obferved thefe Precautions, begin your Journey with fliort Marches, efpecially if your Horfe have not been exercifed in a long time. Suffer him to pifs as often as you find him inclin'd ; and not on- ly fo, but invite him to it. But excite not your Mares to pifs, becaufe their Vigour will be thereby diminifhed. During your whole Journey let him drink of the fir ft good Water you meet with after feven in the Morning in Summer, and after nine or ten in Winter. I call that good Water which is neither too quick and piercing, nor too muddy and ilinking. This you are to do, nnlefs you defign to gallop him a long time after drinking *, for in that cafe you mull forbear, although it be the cuftom in England to run and gallop their Horfes after drink- ing, which they call Watering-courfes^ to bring them, as they fay, in Wind ; yet it is the molt pernicious and hurtful Pra&ice for Horfes that a Man can ima- gine, and many of their Horfes become purfy by it. While he is drinking, draw up his Head five or fix times, moving him a little betwixt every Draught *, and altho' he be warm and foveating very much, yet if he be not quite out of breath, and that he have four or five Miles to ride, he will be better af- ter drinking a little than if he had drank none at all. It is true indeed, that if the Horfe be very warm, you fhould at the coming out of the Water redouble your pace, or make him go at a gentle Trot, to warm the Water in his Belly. You are thus to let him drink all the while you are travelling, becaufe if he be hot or fweating when you come to bait, you mull let him Hand a long Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 75 long time before you can give him any Drink, with- out endangering his Life -? and when you take offthe Bridle, his exceflive Third will hinder him from eating, fo that an hour or two will be elapfed before he offer to touch his Meat, which is almofl all the time a Man can well allow for a Bait at Noon, and to depart again with the Horfe in this condition before he hath either eat or drank, will make him but very unfit to travel. It is alfo good to ride very foftly for a quarter or half an Hour before you arrive at your Inn, that your Horfe not being too warm, nor out of breath when you put him into the Stable, you may immedi- ately unbridle him. But if your Bufinefs requires you to put on fharply, you mull then, if the Wea- ther be warm, let him be walked in a Man's Hand, that he may cool by degrees : And if it be very cold, then let him be covered with fome Cloaths, and walked up and down in fome place free from the Wind. But if you have not the conveniency of a fheltered Walk, liable him immediately, and let his whole Body be well rubb'd and dried with Straw. And do not unbridle him until he be pretty dry, and have recovered his Wind ; and during that time you lhall ungirt him, take off his Crupper, flack the Breaft-plate, and put fome frefh Straw betwixt the Saddle and his Back to refrefh and eafe him. Then fhakedown frefh Litter beneath him to oblige him to flale or pifs ^ for moll good Horfes do always pifs when they are firft put in the Stable, and find the Litter beneath them? Altho' mod People will have their Horfe's Legs rubb'd down with Straw as foon as they are put in the Stable, thinking thereby to fupple their Legs, yet it is one of the greateft Abufes can be commit- ted, and produces no other Effeft but to draw down upon the Legs thofe Humours which are already ftirr'd up by the Fatigue of the Journey. But where* as 74 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ ss it may be obje&ed, that the Humour which falls down, is diflipated by Tranfpiration through the Pores, which are open'd by this rubbing of the Legs : To this I anfwer, That the Humour indeed does in fome meafure rarifie, but that it cannot be all difcufled that way, having too grofs a Body for it ; fo that the remaining part of the Humour infi- iiuates it felf as a Vapour amongft the Nerves, which is afterwards by the Cold condenfed into a Water, and this Water into a kind of vifcous Hu- mour, which cannot be difpelled by rubbing • be- caufe being done in a time whan all the Humours are in Agitation, it draweth them down, and in- ftead of giving eafe, or being anyways beneficial to the Horfe, is extremely prejudicial and hurtful. Not that I difapprove the rubbing Horfes Legs? upon the contrary I very much approve of it, only 1 would not have it done at their firft arrival, but when they are perfectly cooled. If before you arrive at the Inn you meet with any Ford, ride your Horfe through it two or three times, but not fo deep as the Water may come up to his Belly. Now this Water will not only cleanfe his Legs of Mud, but thecoldnefs thereof will bind up the Humours, and prevent their defcent. Being arrived at your Inn, aflbon as he is partly dried, and ceafes to beat in his Flanks, let him be unbridled, and his Bitt wa died,. clean fed, and wiped, and let him eat his Hay at pleafure. If your Horfe hath been very warm, and that you bad not the conveniency of letting him drink upon the Road, he will when unbridled eat but very little •, you mult therefore give him his Oats wafhed in Ale or Beer, or fome of them only, if you in- tend to feed him again after he hath drunk. Many are of Opinion that People fpoil their Horfes by giving them Oats before their Water \ be- caufe, fay they, the Water makes the Oats pafs too foon, Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 75 foon, and fo undigefted out of the Stomach. I a- gain think, that although it be the common Cuftotn not to do it till after ; yet it is good to feed with Oats both before and after, efpecially if they be warm and have been hard rid, for they will be a great deal the better for it, and not at all in danger of becoming fick. The Dull and Sand will fometimes fo dry the Tongues and Mouths of Horfes, that they lofe their Appetite ^ In fuch cafe give them Bran well moiftned with Water, to cool and refrefh their Mouths, or waih their Mouths and Tongues with a wet Spunge to oblige them to eat. The Prefervation or Deftru&ion of Horfes de- pends much on the Water they drink when travelling. That which is lead: quick and penetrating is beft. A River is preferable to a Spring, and a Spring or Fountain to a Draw-well : But if a Man be neceffi- tated to let his Horfes drink of fuch penetrating Waters, he fhould caufe the Water to be fet in the Sun, or warm fome of it to correct the fharpnefs of the reft : Or it may be a little corrected by ftirring it about with the Hand, or throwing a little Hay amongft it. But if the Water be extremely quick and piercing, mix it with a little warm Water, or Wheat-bran, which will fufficiently correct it. The preceding Directions are to be obferved after moderate Riding : But if you have rid exceflively hard, un fad die him, and fcrape off the Sweat with a Sweating Knife or Scraper, holding it with both your Hands, and going always with the Hair. Then rub his Head and Ears with a large Hair-cloth ; wipe him alfo between his Fore and Hind-legs. In the mean while his Body mould be rubb'd all over with clean Straw, efpecially under his Belly, and beneath the Saddle, until he be thoroughly dry. Then fet on the Saddle again, and cover him ; and if you have a warm place, let him be gently led up and j 6 The Compleat Horfeman : ory ' and down in it for a quarter of an Hour \ but if not, kt him dry where he ftandeth. Let him not drink until he be throughly cooled, and have eat fome Oats. For many by drinking too foon, have either died by it, or become very iick. > A Horfe after violent Labour, will never be the worfe by being kept half a day from drinking, but may die by drinking an Hour too foon. Set the Saddle in the Sun, or by the Fire, that the Pannels of it may be dry, rather than fet it upon his Back next Day all wet, and let the Pannels be beaten with a Rod, that they may not harden and hurt the Horfe. At the taking off the Saddle, you mould feel your Horfe's Back, if he be pinched or galled. You may difcover it better when he hath ftood an Hour or twounfaddled,by the fwelling of the Part opprelTed. If it be only fwelled, fill a Bag with warm Dung, and tie it upon the Swelling, which will not only hinder its encreafe, but perhaps alfo quite difcufs it : Or rub and chafe the Swelling with good Brandy or Spirit of Wine •, and when you have foak'd the place well with it, fet fire with a lighted Paper to what remains upon it \ and when the Fire of its own accord extinguifhes, then the Swelling will alfo di& appear. But if the Skin be cut, walh it with warm Claret mixed with a fourth part of Sallad Oil or Frefh-Butter ; or bathe it frequently with Brandy if the Horfe will endure it. Some, to prevent a Horfe's galling, do take a Hind's Skin well garnim'd with Hair, and adjuft it neatly beneath the Pannel of the Saddle, that the Hair of the Skin may be next to the Horfe. Now this doth not harden with Sweat, and lb not only pre- vents galling,but is good for fuch Horfes as have been lately cured, who would otherwife gall anew again. When Horfes are arrived at an Inn, a Man Ihould before they are unbridled, lift up their Feet to fee if they Parti. Per feSl Farrier. 77 they want any of their Shoes, or if thofe which they have, do not reft upon their Soles } and pick and clear them of the Earth and Gravel which may be got betwixt their Shoes and Soles. If you water them abroad, fo foon as they return from the River, caufe their Feet to be flopped with Cow-dung, which will eafe the Pain in their Feet : And if it be in the Evening, let the Cow-dung re- main in their Feet all Night, to keep them foft and in good condition. But if your Horfe have brittle Feet, it will be necefTary to anoint his Fore-feet at the on-fetting of the Hoofs with Butter, Oil, or Hog's greafe before you water him in the Morning ; and in dry Wea- ther they fhould be greafed alfo at Noon. So foon as you give your Horfe Oats it is good to leave him alone ; for a vigorous Horfe, fo long as there is any Perfon behind him, will not fail to look about him, and fo lofe many of his Oats, which at that time fall from his Mouth. If he eat his Oats too greedily, fpread them in the Manger, that he may neither eat them in fuch hade, nor fwallow them unehewed. Many Horfes aflbon as unbridled, inftead of eat- ing lay themfelves down to reft, becaufe of the great Pain they have in their Feet, fo that a Man is apt to think them fick • but if he look to their Eyes, he will fee they are lively and good *, and if he offer Meat to them as they are lying, they will eat it very willingly : yet if he handle their Feet he will find them extremely hot, which will difcover to him that it is in that part they fuffer. You mult there- fore obferve if their Shoes do not reft upon their Soles j which is fomewhat difficult to be certainly known without unfhoing them : But if you take off their Shoes, then look to the infides of them, and you may perceive that thofe Parts which reft upon • the Soles are more fmooth and mining than any other. - « '78 The Compleat Horfeman : or, other. You are therefore to pare their Feetinthofe Parts, and fix on the Shoes again,, anointing the Hoofs, and flopping the Soles" with fcalding-hot black Pitch, or Tar. Horfes which have tender Feet, commonly lie down to reft as foon as unbridled, becaufe of the great Pain in their Feet. By tender Feet, I mean fuch as have low Heels, or whofe Feet have but little thicknefs betwixt the Sole and the Hoof, in that part of the Foot, which is about two Fingers breadth or lefs, above the Toe or Fore- part of it , all thofe which have too little Feet, or which have cloven Quarters, or are Hoof- bound, or have their Hoofs circled •, and laft of all, thofe which have fiat Feet. You fhould alfo look on your Horfe's Dung ; if it be too thin, it may be a fign, that either the Water which he drank was too cold and piercing, or that he drank too greedily of it. If there be amongft his Dung whole Grains of Oats, either he hath not chewed them well, or hatha Weaknefs in his Sto- mach. And if his Dung be black, dry, or come away in very fmall and hard pieces, it is a token that he is over- heated in his Body. Laftly *, before yGu leave him, fee that he be fo tied as that he may lie down with eafe, and that his Halter be neither too long nor too (hort. CHAP. XIX Directions for frejerving Horfes after a journey. WHen you are arrived from a Journey, mime* diately draw the two Heel- nails of the Fore- feet, and if it be a large Shoe, then four. And two or three Days after you may blood him in the Neck, and feed him for ten or twelve Days with wet Bran Parti. Perfect Farrier. jM Bran only, without giving him any Oats, keeping * him well-litter'd. The reafon why you are to draw the Heel-Nail is, becaufe the Feet fwell, and if they were not thus eafed, the Shoes would prefs and ftraiten them too much. It is alfo good to ftop them with Cow-dung, but do not take the Shoes off] nor pare the Feet, becaufe the Humours are drawn down by it. The following Bath will much preferve your Horfe's Legs. Take Cow or Ox-dung, and make it thin with Vinegar, fo that it be but of the confift- ence of thick Broth, and adding to it a handful of fmall Salt, rub his Fore-Legs from the Knees, and Hind-Legs from the Gambrels, by chafing them well with and againft the Hair, that the Remedy may penetrare and adhere to them, and that they may be all covered over with it : And thus leave him till Morning, not wetting his Legs, but giving him his Water that Evening in a Pail. The next Morning lead him to the River, or walh his Legs with Well-water, which is alfo very good, and will keep his Legs from fwelling. Many times when I have had no Vinegar, I have made ufe of fimnle Water, and it fucceeded very well. Thofe who, to recover their Horfe's Feet, make a Hole, which they fill with moiften'd Cow-dung, and keep their Fore- feet in it, during the fpace of a Month or fo. do very badly *, becaufe although the continual moifture which isamongfl: the Cow-dung caufes the Hoof to grow, yet it dries and fhrinks in fo extreamly when out of that place, that it fplits and breaks like Glafs, and the Foot immediately ftraitens. For I allure you that Cow-dung, con- trary to the Opinion of many People, fpoils a Horfe's Hoofs : It doth indeed moiften the Sole, but drieth up the Hoof, which is of a different na- ture from it. Therefore to recover a Horfe's Feet, you are rather in place of Cow-dung to fill a hole with 80 The Compleat Horfeman : or, with wet blue Clay, and make him keep his Fore- feet in it for a Month. When a Man hath rode a Horfe fo extreamly hard that he fears foundring, the beft method he can take, after he hath led him a little in one's hand, and otherways ordered hiin, as I have already di* reded, is, to take two Quarts of Vingear, with two Pounds of Salt, and mixing them well toge- ther cold, bathe and rub hard the Horfe's Fore-legs with it for about half an Hour -7 then pour into his Feet fbme Oil of Bays fcalding hot, and upon the Oil hot Afhes, above which put Hurds or courfe Flax, with thin fiices of Wood fixed crofs-ways above it, to keep all fa ft : But if you can have no Oil of Bays, then take either the Oil of Walnuts* Rape- feed, or that of Fifties, but Oil of Bays is by far the beft. CHAP. XX. How to recover Horfes which are harajfed and le&rt After a long Journey. MOft Horfes that are fatigued or over-rid, and made lean by it, have their Flanks altered, without being Purfy, efpecially vigorous Horfes that have wrought too violently. There is no bet- ter method to recover them, than to give them in the Morning half a Pound of Honey very well mixed with fcalded Bran ; and when they (hall eat well the half Pound, give them the next time a whole one, 3nd then afterwards two Pounds every Pay, continuing it until you find that your Horfes empty and purge well with it : And when you per-* ceive that they no longer purge, then forbear to give them any more Honey. Or you may give them Powder of Liquorilh in the fcalded Bran for a C0IV-* Part I. Perfect Farrier. 8 % confiderable time. And to cool their Blood it will not be amifs to give them three or four Clyfterl, If their Flanks do not recover, give them the Pow- der for Purfy Horfes defcribed in the Second Pan. If the Horfe be very lean, it will be proper to give him fome wet Bran every Night, over and above his proportion of Oats. Grafs is excellent for him, if he be not purfy. If it be a Mare, give her a Horfe, and if Ihe ne- ver had a Foal before, it will enlarge her Belly. Sometimes exceflive Feeding may do more harm than good, by making Horfes fubjecl: to the Farcy : Therefore give not too great a quantity at a time, and take a little Blood from them now and then. Cut Straw, mixed with Oats, is good to prevent a Horfe's eating of them too greedily, and being of it felf a very good Food, is mighty wholfome for them ^ that which is fmallefr, cut is the bell. When a Horfe begins to drink heartily, it is a cer- tain fign that he will in a fhort time recover. G H A P. XXI. Of the Art of Shoeing, or the true and exaff Me~ tbod of Shoeing all forts of Feet, he they never fo bad or deformed* THere are two Methods of Shoeing. The firfl is, to (hoe for the advantage of the Foot, and according to its nature and Shape to fit fuch Shoes to it as may make it better than it is •, and if ft be good, may preferve and keep it from becoming The fecond method is, that which difguifetb Foot, and maketh it appear good when really it is not •, which Method, altho' in time it wholly ru- ines the Foot, yet Horfe- Courfers, who have no other defiga but to fell and put off their Horfes, do Q noi 8 2 The Cofttpleat Horfe wan: ory not much trouble themfelves about it ; for provided their Horfe's Feet but appear good, and they get them fold, it is all they defire. I (hall treat of the firft only, wherein are four Rules to be obferved in Shoeing all forts of Feet whatfoever. The firft- is, Toe before, and Quarter behind, or as we commonly fay, Before behind, Behind before. By Toe before is meant, that you may give the Nails a good hold upon the Toes of the Fore-feet, becaufe there the Horn is very thick, which it is not in the Quarters of the Fore-feet, for there the Horn is thin, and you would hazard the pricking your Horfe. Quarter behind is, that a Horfe hath the Quarters of his Hind-feet ftrong, that is to fay, the Horn thick, and fo capable of fuffering a good gripe by the Nails ; but at the Toes of the Hind-feet you will immediately meet with the Quick, becaufe the Horn is but thin in that part *, and therefore Smiths fhould put no Nails at all juft in the Toes of the Hind- feet, but only in their Quarters. The fecond Rule is, Never to open a Horfe'9 s Heels. People call it opening of the Heels, when the Smith in paring the Foot, cutteth the Heel low, and clofe almoft to the Frufh, and taketh it down within a Finger's breadth of the Coronet, or top of the Hoof, fo that he faparates the Quarters at the Heel, and by that means weakens and takes away the fubftance of the Foot, making it to clofe and be- come narrow at the Heels. Now this which they call opening, would be more properly call'd, doling of the Heels ; for the roundnefs and circumference of the Foot being cut, by doing that which they call opening of the Heels, which is to cut them wholly away, they are no longer fupported by any thing j fo that if there be any weaknefs in the Foot, it Part t PerfeSi Farrier. 83 it will of neceflky make it fhrink and ftraiten in the Quarters, which will quite fpoil the Foot. The Third Rule is, To make ufe of m thin and fmall Nails as pojfible, becaufe the Kails that are thick and grofs make a large Hole, not only when they are driving, but alfo when they are rivetting i For being ftifr^ they fplit the Horn, and take jt away with them. Neither can a tender Foot be mod with fuch, big Nails, without hazard of pricking, efpecially if there be but little Horn to take hold of: But Smiths, to prevent this? pierce their Shoes too near the edge, which will in time ruine the Foot. The fourth Rule is, To make the lighteft Shoes you cany according to the fize of your Horfe, becaufe heavy Shoes fpoil the Back-finews, and weary the Horfe *, and if he happens to over-reach, the Shoes being heavy are more eafily pulPd off. Thofe who think it frugality to fhoe with thick and heavy- Shoes, and feldom, are deceived, for they lofe more by it than they gain ; for thereby they not only fpoil the Back-finews, but lofe more Shoes than i£ they had been light. CHAP. XXII. How to p Are the Feet well, fit the Shoes 7 And drive the Nails. DO not pare your Horfe's Feet almoft to the Quick, as fome People do, who think there- by to prevent the fo frequent Shoeing of their Hor- fes. But if you know that your Horfe's Hoofs are fmooth and tough, you may with the more confi« dence pare his Soles reafonably near* The Foot thus pared, you mult fit a Shoe to Iti which mult be neither too broad nor too narrow iri the Web? neither muft its Spunges extend any far- 0 i ther 8 4 The CowpIeatHorJeman : ory therthan the Heel, (the Spunge is that part of the Shoe next to the Heel) but muft follow the exact compafs of the Foot, juft to the corners of the Frulh, and they muft not appear much upon the outfides of the Hoofs at the Heels neither \ as thofe Smiths who pretend to be very underftanding, would make us believe, by faying, that it preferveth and fupporteth the Heel : But the middle of the Spunge muft be placed juft upon the middle of the end of the Quarter, which touches the corner of the Frufh, and is called the Heel, and which it is to be fup- pofed you have not pared \ for as I told you, the Heels muft never be pared. Now the middle of the Spunges being placed upon the extremities of the Quarters, which form the Heel, and touch almoft the Frufh, muft not reach any further, and then your Horfe will be fhod both for hisowneafe, and the benefit of his Foot •, for he will never become Hoof-bound, neither will he over-reach, bv reafon of the Spunges of his Fore- feet, Shoes being fet equal with his Heels, and not fuffer'd to exceed them. Thofe who make the Spunges of their Horfe's Shoe too long, not only fatigue and weary them, and make them over-reach, but alfo ruin and fpoil their Feet, and are the occafion of their becoming Hoof-bound : Thofe again that are too ihort, make a Horfe go lefs at his eafe -, but your Horfe's Shoes will never be too fhort, if they follow the whole compafs of his Feet, to the ends or corners of their Frufhes and no further. The Shoe mould not prefs upon the Sole at all, but fhould reft equally and exactly round the whole Foot upon the Horn, which is about the thicknefs of a fmall Finger's breadth, taking notice, that if the Shoe, upon the outer edge of that fide next the Horfe's Foot, have any riling or unevennefs in it, and that if you beat it not down, and make it level with the reft before it be fet on, it will reft upon the Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 8^ the Horn, and certainly fpoil the Hoof ^ for that raifed edge being higher than^ the reft of the Shoe, there will no other part of it reft upon his Hoof but it, which will certainly fpoil it. The Horn round the Foot is at moft no thicker than a fmall Finger's breadth, which is alfo generally thethick- nefs of the reft of the Hoof. If the Shoe refted upon any other part of the Foot but the Horn, it would make the Horfe to halt, and then you would be neceflitated immediately to take off his Shoe, as it will often fall out when the Shoe refts upon the Sole, efpecially if the Sole be thin and weak \ but if the Sole be thick and ftrong, although the Shoe reft upon fome part of it, yet will not the Horfe halt, as you may remark in Shoeing with the Panton-fhoes hereafter defcrhVd, which Shoes reft aimoft always upon the Sole, or upon the corners of the Frum \ and which being thick and ftrong, is the reafon that the Horfe but- very feldom halteth with them. Having thus fitted the Shoe, you fhall drive two Nails in it, and then let his Foot go to the Ground, to fee if the Shoe be right placed, then you fhall drive the reft of the Nails equally, and not the one higher than the other (which is call'd Driving mufi- cally) obferving neverthelefs, that the Nails of the Heels of the Fore-feet be low enough driven, for fear of meeting the Quick, which in the Hinder- feet is jnft contrary,for there the Heels are ftrongeft; The Nails being driven, and cut over with the Pincers or Nippers, before that you rivet them you inuft take the Cutting-knife, which is a piece of Steel about half a Foot long, having the one edge fharp, and the other about the thicknefs of two Crowns, with which you mult cut the Horn that over-pafTes the Shoe, by ftriking with the Hammer upon the back of the Cutting-knife, until you have taken away all the Horn you deiire. The Nails be- G 3 ing 86 The Compkat Horfeman : or, ing driven and cut over, before that you rivet them take the Cutting-knife again, and cut away the fmall pieces of Horn which the Nails have made to rife in driving, to the end that the Rivets may be equal with the Horn \ for befides that it makes the Foot to appear handfomer, the Nails alfo faften bet- ter, fo that the Horfe can never cut himfelf with the Rivets, which will often happen if you obferve not this Method. As the Shoe vveareth, the Nails by degrees fink into it, fo that the Rivets loofen and appear more above the Hoof, and if care be not taken to cut them as they rife, they will lame the Horfe. CHAP. XXIII. Of low Heels ^ tender Feet, and other kinds of had and imferfecl Feet. WHen you are paring a Horfe's Feet which hath low Heels, you muft only pare the Toe without touching in the leaft the Heel, and alfo it is good not to touch the Frnfh, unlefs it be begin* nirig to corrupt, and then you muft pare it flat •, you muft alfo cut the Toe with the Cutting-knife or Rafp only, and not with the Butteris. People make only ufe of the Butteris, for to give the Shoe a feat after they have cut the Toe with the •Cutting- knife •, for Example, the breadth of one's Finger or Thumb, if the Foot be too long at the Toe; in which cafe, you muft alfo pierce the Shoe near the edge at the Toe, for fear of pricking, and fo placing the Shoe after that faftiion, you will force the too great nonrifhment which went to the Toe, to ftrengthen the Heels, and in twice or thrice Shoeing, the Foot will come to take a good fhape *■-■■■•'-• s '• and Part I. Per feci Farrier. S7 and form, and alfo in the time that you reftrain the Toe by cutting it, the Heel will ftrengthen. Now thefekind of Feet growing only at the Toe, all the nouriihment of the Foot goeth there, and fo the Heel becometh always narrower, and daily weaker \ but if you obferve that which I tell you, to cut the Toe with the Cutting-knife, having only as it were blanched or cleaned the Sole with the Butteris, and that you put the Shoe at the Toe a Finger's breadth or an Inch back, according as the Toe is too much fprung, and that afterwards you cut away the Horn, I allure you the Foot will take quite another form or fhape, which will be a great deal better, and the Heels will alfo ftrengthen. But if your Horfe's Heels be low and not narrow, and that the Frufh be large or fat, with great diffi- culty will you keep it from touching the Ground, and then your Horfe will be in danger of halting, efpecially when he is riding upon hard Ground. To prevent it, I think there is no other Remedy than to give him Calkins, after the fafhion of the point of a Hare's Ear, which is done by turning the inlides of the Spunges the whole breadth of the Shoe, and making them after the fafhion of Calkins ; now thefe kind of Calkins will not do great harm to his Feet, and he will alfo go the more firmly with them upon the Street, or in flippery Ground ; fo by this means you will hinder his Frufh to touch the Ground. It is not that I approve of Calkins, after whatever fafhion they are made, the great Calkins are the worft, and thofe which fpoil rnoft a Horfe's Feet ; but thefe after the fafhion of the point of a Hare's Ear are the leaft dangerous ^ and if People could alfo difpenfe with the Want of thefe, it would he ftill fo much the better. But if the Horfe which hath low Heels, have them alfo narrow near the Shoe, although that his Frufh be large (which is not ordinary) you muft G 4 then 88 T/je Com fie at Horseman : cr^ then give him no Calkins, neither after the fafhion of a Hare's Ear nor any other, but you muft fhoe him with Panron-fhoes, with a narrow Spunge, and very thick in the infide \ that is to fay, that it mult Hope very much from the infide of the Shoe next his Foot to the outer edge, and place the Spunge of the Pantoa-fhoes upon the Heels, fo that the thick edge of *he Spunge may enter within the corners of the Frufh, to prefs them out when they grow ; cut his Toe with the Paring-knife, according as you shall find occafion for it ; and after he is fhoe'd, keep his Feet in his Dung, being a little moiften'd with Water* until he leave halting, for he will for a few Days have pain in his Feet, until he be accuftomed to wear thefe kind of Shoes, afterwards you may work him, for in a fhort time he will be accuftomed to them \ and after thrice ihoeing, the Heel, and alfo the whole Foot, will have taken a good form or fbape. The Horfe-Courfers to cover this Imperfection of having low Heels, make the Spunges of the Shoes great and thick, to fnpply the Want of the Heds, which is indeed a very good Invention to fpoil the Heels for good and all -j -for it is good for nothing but this, that it maketh thofe who are ignorant buy Inch Horfes, without taking notice of their having low Heels \ and the Horfe-Courfers have no other; defign by it but this, when they fhoe their Horfes after that fafhion \ it doth, however, well enough for fuch Horfes which have their Heels but a little low, to beat down the ends of the Spunges with a Hammer, to thicken and fqnare them beneath, for it will raife their Heels, and make them go better in the Streets while their Shoes are new, but that will not give their Feet a good fhape : In a word, low Heels with a very large Frufh, are thofe kind of Feet which People cannot help by Ihoeing, and I look upon them as the worft of all Feet, becaufe thfy Part I. Perfect Farrier. 89 they cannot at all, or but very rarely, be reco- vered CHAP. XXIV. Of flat Feet j and fuch as have their Soles round and high. THofeHorfes which have Flat-feet, if they be young, their Feet will always fpread, and fo be in danger of growing ill-fhaped, therefore they fhould be fhoe'd after the manner following, to keep them infenfibly from fpreading, efpecially if the Horfe be worth you pains: Above all things, if your Horfe hath fiat Feet, you mould bar the Pa- ftern-Veins : This operation is good, but however it is not abfolutely neceflary, unlefs your Horfe hath his Soles round and high *, yet this is not to fay, but that the doing of it contributes very much to the amendment of Flat-feet ^ for to do it, you muft know, that in the Pattern there are two Veins be- low the Joint, the one upon the in fide, and the other upon the out •, which Veins muft be barred, that fo you may put a ftop to the fuperfluous Humour, which falleth down upon the lower part of the Foot, and caufeth the Sole to grow round and high ; and alfo the Coffin-bone or little Foot, which is the Bone in the middle of the Coffin, to pufh it felf down, which, through Time, maketh the Foot be- come round at the Sole ; the Veins in the Fore-legs being flopped in four places, and the Wounds be- ginning to heal up, which will be feven or eight Days after you have barred the Veins, you muft do what followeth. But firft, to bar the Paftern Veins right, you muft only tye them near the Joint with a fine Thread, to the end that you retard not their cure -7 a little Silk is £o The Compleat Horseman : or, Is very good for that purpofe : Then cut the Vein beneath and let it Blood } if it bleed too long, you may bind up the Orifice with a large Band and a Comprefs. If for Flat-feet you bar the Veins, you will come fooner to your purpofe than if you had omitted it -7 but that doth not hinder this following Method to be very good, although you had not barred them. You mult then forge according to the following Figure, A. C. D. F. (See Plate third, Fig. 9.) Shoes Yery ftraight in the Quarter, and which do not turn in a Circle, nor follow at all the (hape of the Quar- ters of the Foot, but whofe branches from the Toe A. EK to the Spunges, C. F. mult be very ftraight, and you mutt pierce the Holes, G. H. I. L. very near the edge : You muft alfo place thofe Shoes fo, that you . may have about the thicknefs of two Crowns of Horn to take away at the Toe A. D. with the Cutting-Knife, and they having their branches ftraight, there will, without doubt, be a good deal of Horn to take off at the fides A. B. C. and D. E. F.. which are retrenched by the fhape of the Shoe within the pointed Line, as you may fee in the Figure. Having then a Shoe made after this fafhion al- together flat, and the branches near ftraight, pare brs Foot very gently, and fit the Shoe to it *, for al- though it reft a little upon the Sole, it matters not, becaufe by no means you muft make your Shoe vaulted or hollow, and faften the Shoe with very thin Nails, taking but a (lender hold for fear of preffing the Vein, or meeting with the quick} your Horfe being fhod with this kind of Shoe which I have been ordering, c put a Reftri&ive in his Foot • made of Chimney-foot and Turpentine boiled to- f gether upon a flow Fire, always ftirring it until * it be pretty thick, and apply it fcalding hot, with, < ELurds Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 9 1 c Hurds above it> and becaufe when the Shoes are c not vaulted, you will have difficulty to get in ' thin dices of Wood to keep faft the Reftriftive, 1 (becaufe the Shoe will almoft touch theSole) there- c fore after you have put in the Hurds, you muft tye c a Cloth about his Foot to hold all faft.' This Re- ftriclive will help to put a ftop to the too much growing of the Sole, and will alfo contribute very much (with the flopping of the Paftern-Veins) to put a ftop to all the fuperfluous nourifhment which went to the Sole, and Coffin-bone ; put alfo upon the Coronet, by way of a Plaifter, fome Hoof-falve fpread upon Hurds, applying it to the onfetof the Hoof to caufe his Foot to grow, and renew the Plai- fter every four Days, which doth a great deal bet- ter than only to anoint his Feet every Day, becaufe the Hoof-falve being tyed on with Hurds, and al- ways remaining upon the Horn, hath more time to moiften it and caufe it to grow, than the flmple anointing of it. You muft not work your Horfe for five or fix Days, that fo he may be ufed to his Shoes, which will at the firft prefs his Feet •, but if after that time he mean it, you muft then let him alone until he be wholly accuftomed to them : And if he halteth extraordinarily, it's like that he may be then prickt, to which you muft take good notice, and cure it, as I have taught you in the Second Part. You muft continue to fhoe him after this method every New- Moon,always by degrees making the Shoes ftraighter, not much at the Quarters, but confiderably at the Toe, A. D. which you muft retrench and keep fhort by all means imaginable, as you fee it marked in the Figure by the circular Line A. D. which is marked with Points : After three or four Shoeings your Horfe will have changed the fhape of his Feet, which was unpleafant, into a better : Now it is a certain Rule, that you muft always make ufe of this way p 2 The Compleat Horfeman : ory way of Shoeing, three or four Days after the change of the Moon, to caufe your Horfe's Hoof to grow the better, which is what wedefire. If the Feet which grow too much at the Sole, have the Heels ftraiter nearer the Shoe than above, then you mull not retrench the fides of the Foot, A.CD.F. as I deftred you before, but you muft ihoe them with Panton-fhoes to enlarge their Heels •, for befides, that thefe Shoes will open the Heels, they will alfo hinder the Sole to grow fo much downwards, and fo the Foot will take a better ihape: When you fhoe with a Panton-fhoe, it muft follow the circumference of the Foot, and the Branches muft not be ftraight •, you muft alfo keep the Sole ftrong, without taking any thing almoft fr^m it, otherways your Horfe will halt; you are therefore to take nothing from the Sole, Heels, nor any other part when you fhoe him, but only the Q;uft, or that which rifes like a fcurf, and you muft always (horten the Toe by cutting it with a Cutting- kaife, proportionably as you (hall find occafion : Make the fhoe altogether flat, without vaulting it, IFor although it reft a little upon the Sole it matters mot, becanle you are to force the Foot to grow lefs : His Fore-feet being fhod, caufe him to ftand with them all Day long amongft his own Dung, being a little moiftned, and let him not work for eight or ten Days, until he be accuftomed to thofe kind of Shoes , afterwards you muft ftep him abroad upon ca-fie Ground, to ftrengthen his Feet. Thereafonwhy the Foot being reftrained with this kind of Shoeing, taketh its right fhape again, 3s becaufe thofe Horfes which have Flat-feet, and .round Soles, have too much nourifhment in thur Soles, and particularly at their Toes, and too little at the upper part of their Feet : Now that the Pa- ftern- Veins furnifh this fuperrluous Nourifli men t, is evident when People take out a Horfe's Sole, be- caufe Parti. Perfect Farrier. 93 caufeto flop the Blood, which in great abundance floweth from the Foot, People are neceflitated to tye the pattern with a Cord, that is, they prefs thofe two Veins, which 1 have before ordered you to bar, and that tying ftoppeth the Blood, which being (topped, and having no more paflage to go to the under part of the Foot, which it did too much noti- ri(h and moiften, it followeth of neceflity that the Sole muft dry and Ihrink in, to which the Panton- Shoe will contribute very much \ becaufe the open- ing the Heel near the Shoe, will alfo conftrain the fuperfluous Nourifhment, which went to the Sole and Toe, to remain above, and nourifh the Heel which was dried *, and by means of the Hoof-falve the Foot will be moiften'd, and the Nourifhment kept there, which is what we defir'd } and in the mean time the Heel enlarges, and the Toe and Sole fhrink in, and grow lefs : This Method is alfo good for Flanders Horfes, whole Feet change the Horn ^ for in the time that their Feet alter, it giveth them a good fhape •, but if their Feet be already bad, you muft take another courfe with them. If the Horfe's Sole be round and lower than his Hoof, which happeneth more to fome than to others, fothat fome will have their Foot fo ill- ihap'd that it will refemble an Oyfier-fhell, and is juft renverfed in a manner, fo that it is impoffible to fhoe them without hollowing or vaulting their Shoes, which will make them go uneafie, and alfo through time caufe their Feet at the Soles to become round, like the fegment of a Ball. The fhorteft and beft re* medy for fuch Feet is, to barr the Paftern-Veins, and feven or eight Days after the Operation to make him Panton-fhoes with ftraight Spunges, and extraordinarily thick on the inner-edge \ they muft alfo be altogether flat, and not vaulted ; for it is to be remarked, that almoft all the round or high- foled Horfes have narrow Heels near the Shoe, and 94 The Compleat Horfeman : or, and the Smiths thinking to make them go eafily, make them hollow Shoes which reft only upon the Horn in the out- fide of the Heel, and by that means, becaufe the Shoes by degrees conftrain the Foot, they make it grow daily ftraiter at the Heel *, the little Bone alfo which is in the middle of the Coffin prefTes downwards towards the Sole, the Toe grows long, and fo the Feet become ill-fhaped and unferviceable ^ now to help and rectify all thefe Inconveniences, the Panton fhoe being forged and pierced near the edge of the Toe, as I told you, you ihall cut more or lefs from the Horfe's Toe with a Cutting-Knife, as you ihall think fit \ then fit the Shoe fo, that the flopings or thick parts of its Spunges may enter within the corners of the Frufh, and being flat at the Toe that it may reft upon the Horn •, but although it reft a little upon the Sole it matters not, and faften it with thin Nails •, alfo put into his Foot a Reftri&ive made of Chimney-foot and Turpentine boiled together, and anoint his Hoof with Hoof-falve \ then let his Feet ftrengthen and be eafed of the Pain, which that new manner of Shoeing will occafion, and that for the fpace of twelve Days or more, until he leave halt- ing ; afterwards let him work by degrees, and af- ter three or four Shoeings, if the Horfe be not old, his Foot will take a good fhape. This which I fpeak is not by {peculation, but founded upon a great ma- ny Experiences. It is a great abufe to vault Shoes when People may forbear it (and it may for the molt part be omitted) becaufe the Foot being nailed and made faft to the Shoe, it groweth and taketh the fhape or form of the Shoe \ and Nature finding that pafTage open, thro' the inclination which fhe hath to fur- nifb a fuperfluous nourifhment to the under part of the Sole, prefleth always that way, and is alfo helped by the hollow Shoe to give that round form to Part I. PerfeSl Farrier. p*j to the Feet, which rend ret h a Horfe unferviceable for the Street or upon hard Ground } fo that People are neceflitated to fend them to draw the Plough, which had they wanted that fault, would have beea good, and might have ferved for a Coach. It happeneth alio, that when a Horfe travelleth upon vaulted Shoes, he treadeth only upon the mid- dle of the Shoe, for it cannot all equally touch the Ground, bccaufe of its roundnefs, fo that it hind- reth the Horfe to go fo firmly as otherwife he would, and alfo maketh him flip. The foreft way therefore, is to reftify fuch bad Feet in the beginning, and efpecially in the time when Horfes alter or change their Horn, which is the firft fix Months after they come from Flanders. But fuppofing that your Horfe's Feet be yet in a condition to be helped, you muft reftrain their growth in the Soles, as 1 have fhewn you for the Flat-feet •, or if his Heels be narrow, fhoe him with a Panton-lhoe, and after the former fafhion, with- out vaulting or hollowing it *, you muft alfo pare but little from his Feet, and leave his Sole ftrong,fhorten his Foot at the Toe, and put thefe Panton-ihoes up- on him } if his Heels, I fay, be narrow near to the Shoe, then put the Reftri&ive into his Foot which I ordered before ; or otherwife let him ftand with his Feet, being (hod after the fafhion I have been fhewing you, in his own Dung, being kept a little moift that it may not heat, and let him ftand fo until he halt no more, always keeping the Dung moift upon which he ftandeth ; at the fame time put about his Foot a Charge or Softner reafonably warm, or Hoof -falve, as I have before order'd you. You muft alfo renew, two or three times, the Applica- tion of the Reftridtive, and the Charge or HooN falve, keeping him always (hod after the former manner \ but if his Foot, after Shoeing be very high and round foled, you muft then let him ftand eight or ten Days upon his Litter. If $6 The Contpleat Horfeman : ory IftheHorfe have his Sole but a little raifed, or that it be not as yetabfolutely round beneath, after twice or thrice Shoeing it will be helped*, but the more it is out of fhape, the more time it will take to rectify it: It is to be obferved, that Flat-feet, at leaft the molt part of them, have their Heels nar- row near the Shoe, fo that the Smith's hollowing of vaulting very much their Shoes, make them reft upon the out-fides of the Heels, and by that means make them become narrower : Now quite contrary to this method, you mult fhoe your Horfes with Panton-fhoes, fo that caufing their Heels to open, you will contribute to the fhrinking in of the Sole and under part of the Foot, as I have told you be- fore, and cannot tell you it too often. But if your Horfe's Foot be extraordinary high or round in the Sole, you mutt, without delay, bar the Pattern- Veins, which will be the only means to give a good fhape to thofe Hat kind of. Feet •, for without this operation any other will have no great effed ; becaufe the main defign is to put a flop to that fuperfiuous nourifhment which goeth to the Sole, and to force Nature to furnifh that nourifh- ment to the upper part of the Foot, which the ihoeing with Panton-fhoes will do, even without re- trenching and cutting his Hoofs at the fides, if you but only with the Cutting-Knife cut and retrench his Toe, and that you keep his Sole ftrong without almoft taking any thing from it •, fo that being fhod with Shoes that are not vaulted, although they reft a little upon the Soles, yet they will not caufe him to halt much, even though they be Panton-fhoes : Afterwards fit the Shoe, and providing it reft not altogether upon the Sole, it is enough, feeing you left the Sole exprefly for that purpofe ftrong enough, and fatten the Shoe with very thin Nails. c When he 6 is fhod, you fhall fill his Feet with Tar fcalding c hot, or with the Reftri&ive before-mentioned, « ot Part I. Per feci Farrier. p^ c or otherwife keep them amongft his moiften'd 1 Dung.' It's true, this is to keep the Horfe a long time without having any Service of him, but oftentimes for not taking that care of him, and giving him that reft, he becometh altogether unferviceable, as I have feen a great many, for not taking notice of them in Time: There are fome which have fuch kind of Feet that will yet befomewhat ferviceable, but according as they need help, People take more or lefs care of them. The firft fhoeing of Coach-Horfes is of Confe- quence : So that you are then but to make the Horn level where the Shoe refteth, and not to take any Thing from the Sole, but as it were to clean and whiten it, becaufe it hath been already made too hollow v flioe him juft, and pierce your Shoe a pretty diftance from the edge, but you muft drivel your Nails low } for if you fhould pierce your Shoe near the edge, the Nails would, in driving, fplit the Horn, which hath been already too much weaken'd by the Horfe- Merchant, who had no other defiga but to make his Horfe's Feet appear hollow : You muft then pierce your Shoe a pretty diftance from the edge, fo that the Nails may not eafily fplit the Horn *, but for fear of pricking your Horfe, you are to drive them fomewhat lower than ordinary, and drive a Nail juft at the Toe, to the end that the Shoe may ftay longer on without fhifting its place, and may remain ftraight upon his Foot : You are not aC all to retrench his Quarters nor open his Heels, but let the Shoe follow the compafs of the Horfe's Foot, and by this means you fhall preferve his Feet, and they will be always good. Thofe Smiths who think to give eafe to their Horfes, by enlarging their Shoes, "or vaulting them a little, infenfibly fpoil their Feet, becaufe they foU low the form of the Shoe, and fo become mifhap'd % H for 98 The Compleat Horfewan : or, for the more that you enlarge your Shoe at firlt, the more you mult enlarge it the next Shoeing, and that is the way abfolutely to lofe your Horfe •, for it is far more difficult to re&ify your Horfe's Feet, and give them a good fhape, when once deformed, than in the beginning, when they have good Feet, and their Horn altering, to preferve them, becaufe they are then capable of receiving any form you intend to give them : Horfes which have big and large Feet, altho' they be not flat, yet are more fub>e& to have them eafily fpoil'd than any other, if People take not care at every Shoeing to retrench them, until the nature of the Horn be changed. This is what I thought good and neceflary to be pra&ifed for this kind of bad Feet } I (hall in the following Chapter continue to fpeak of other forts of bad Feet than thefe I have already difcourfed of. CHAP. XXV. How Horfes that are Hoof-bound, or N arrovo* beePd, fhould be food* I Have already (hewn, that a Hoof-bound Horfe, is a Horfe whofe Heels fo prefs the Bone within the Hoof, or the Coffin-bone, that they either make the Horfe to halt, or at lead hinder him to travel eafily : To cure it, People take out the Horfe's Sole, and cleave his Fruih, which (hall be treated of in the Second Part, Sell, 2. or other wife People remedy it by the help of Shoeing } but when a Horfe is ill Hoof-bound, People oft-times gain Time by taking out his Sole, provided that they cleave his Frufh to facilitate it ♦, but People, who have not had the expe- rience thereof, can but with difficulty, at firft, be perfuaded to make Tryal of it. The Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. pp The caufes of this defeft in the Feet are different ; Horfes which have either ill-lhaped, or too long Feet, arefubjeft to grow Hoof-bound : They alfo become Hoof- bound when their Hoofs are too dry, and want nourifhrrient to maintain the Horn ^ or if they be not right fhod, their Heels will grow nar- row, and fo they will become Hoof-bound ^ after which they never go firmly, becaufe their Heels paining them, they endeavour to eafe themfelves as much as they can, and therefore go upon their Toes, which rftaketh the Back-finews to (brink, and their Legs, at the Knee or Pattern- joint, to bend forwards, when they ftand in their natural Pofture ^ and which, if you help not at the beginning, will make them halt to the Ground. It is difcourfed at large in the Second Part, concerning the curing of Feet which are Hoof-bound. To prevent and put a flop to this Infirmity, you mult, when you (hoe fuch Horfes, take the Heels very much down without hollowing the Quarters, and pare the Frufh flat •, for all Horfes whofe Heels are very much taken down, will not only never be- come Hoof-bound, but alfo they will have no Bleymes (which is an Inflammation occafioned by bruifed Blood within the Hoof, betwixt the Sole and the little Foot near to the Heel, where the Matter ga- thereth, and caufeth the Diforders which are ex- plained in the Second Part) and alfo the Sinews of their Legs will be prcferved, efpecially if they be Horfes which work in the Manage upon fofc Ground. You muff alfo, befldes this Precaution, never open the Heels with the Butteris, as the Smiths do^ who weaken the Quarters by prefTuig the Butteris ed ge- ways forward •, they cut alfo the end of the faid Quarter or Heel, and take it away even within an Inch of the Hair, and they call that to open the Heels ^ but they are fo far from doing that, H 2 . that. i6o Tihe CompleatHorJeman : ory that, on the contrary, they take away the whole ftrength of the Foot, which fhould have been left altogether whole, and which is done if you open not the Heels, nor with the Butteris hollow the Quarters, but that you leave the Sole ftrong, and let the Heel keep its full roundnefs : I {hall have a great many People againft me for maintaining this Propofition, becaufe moft Perfons, at leaft all the Smiths fay, that the Heels are to be opened ; but that which they call opening the Heels, is down- right taking away theftrength of the feed, to weaken it, and put it in a condition to be foon Hoof-bound : but I would ask thofe Gentlemen, if their Horfes fhod after that manner, do not become Hoof-bound, for I daily fee thofe Horfes Hoof-bound whofe Heels have been kept very open after their fafhion *, and t maintain, that of all the Horfes whofe Heels I have caufed to be taken down reafonably, and afterwards fhod, caufing the Shoe to follow the roundnefs of the Foot, juft to the corner of the Frufh, and keep- ing their Soles ftrong, not one of them became Hoof-bound. The proof of it is eafy, and if you miflike it, take you to your old method again •, but I am fure you will continue this manner of Shoeing, when once you have made tryal of it : This which I affirm is grounded upon Reafon, for the Horn followeth the form of the Shoe, becaufe it is more folid than the Horn, and forces it to follow its ftape when it grows : But if there be appearance that the Horfe's Heel will become narrow, then the fureft way is to fhoe him with a half Tanton-fooej which is to turn the branch of the Shoe in towards the Horfe's Foot, as it is explained in the following Chapter, for that Shoe will keep his Quarters in a condition to open and become wider-, the Horn growing, the Heel openeth, and therefore cannot ftraiten, and fo the Foot will continue well-fhaped ; for the Shoe which you put upon it will open the Heel, Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. i o i Heel, becaufe either the Hoof muft not grow, or the Heel will open, for the Spunge of the Shoe muft fol- low the roundnefs of the Heel, and go no farther than the end of the Quarter*, feeing then that the Shoe giveth the fhape to the Foot, as without all doubt it doth, and the Shoe taking no other ihape than it hath already, it being inflexible *, and the Horn, by its flexibility, being capable of receiving any form ; it follows necefTarily, that the Shoe being a Half-Pamon-Jhoe, muft force the Horn outwards, and fo enlarge the Heel, which I Hull explain in the following Chapter : But above all, you muft take notice when you (hoe after this method, that is to fay, with Half-? ant on-^oe^ that you keep al- ways the Sole flrong. Some People fay, that the Frufh mould not at all be pared, becaufe when it is entire it keepeth out the Quarters, and preventeth their coming together; truly, People mould not make the Sole hollow be- twixt the JFr urn and the Quarters, but mould only pare the top of the Frufh with the Butteris \ which is called, to pare the Frulh flat : If People did not at all pare the Frufh, there would happen this In-' conyeniency, that it would corrupt and become ftinking, and fo breed the Teignes, (which is whea the Frufh mouldereth away in pieces, as if the Moths had eaten it, and that it goeth the length of the^ Quick i for then the itching pain is fo great, that it' will often make a Horfe to halt : the word Teigne flgnifieth a Moth, becaufe when a Horfe hath that Infirmity, it looks as if the Moths had gnawed his Frufh) befides that, there is no Advantage in leaving.it fo high: We conclude then, that every time that the Foot is pared, the Heels and Frufh mould be made flat without hollowing the Quarters, and that for the leaft ftraitning of the Heels, the §punges mould be turned in towards the Sole, af- ter the manner of tfie Half-ramon-Shoe, as it is ex~ H % plained T02 The CompkatHorfeman : or, plained in the next Chapter, {See Plate 3. Fig. 11.) and the Heels very far from ftraitning, will infal- libly open and enlarge. For thofe Horfes which are Hoof-bound, after that you have pared their Feet, and left the Sole extraor- dinarily ftrong at the Heels, you muft have Ponton- Jhoes, confer m'd to the Shape of Fig. 10. Plate 3. I have called this Shoe the Panton or Pantable* Jim, to diftinguifh it from thofe of any other fa- shion or fhape. Now to forge a Pamon-flwe, you muft make the inner edge of the Spunge B, A, E, C, D, F, a great deal thicker than the outer edge IE, LF, fo that betwixt A G, and D H, there may be two or three times the thicknefs that there is betwixt I E, and L F, as you may perceive by the thicknefs of the Spunge AB, CD, fo that the Shoe rifesby degrees from G to A, and flopeth equally from A to E, the whole length AG, EI •, and fo you will find that the inner edge of the Spunge is a great deal thicker than the outer, for the thicknefs within marked A Bf' is three times thicker than E \ it is the infide of the Shoe, and that which toucheth the Sole which you fee in the Figure • but there muft be great care taken that the forefaid thicknefs A B, C D, of the Spunge, diminifh always towards G H, as you may perceive in the Figure, and all the reft of the Shoe from I L, G H, round the Toe of the Shoe, be quite flat as other Shoes are, to the end that the Horfe's Foot may reft upon it at eafe : That which is repre- fented to you by the Figure, is but the infide of the Shoe next the Horfe's Foot, and the Spunges fhould beftrait, or pretty near the other, that they may reft upon the infide of the corners oftheFrufh, and all theoutfide of the Shoe, which is next theGround, ruuft be quite fiat like to another Shoe, and then you ihall have a right Panton-fio: for your Horfe. See ite 3. Fig, 10, ft Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 103 It is neceflary when you place the Spunges of this Shoe upon the end of the Heel, which is the extre- mity of the Quarter, that the faid extremity of the Quarter reft upon the middle betwixt AE, DF, which is the (loping part of the Spunge ; but for all that, the inner edge of the Quarter A G, muft not reft wholly upon the Sole, although you kept it ftrong enough, which fhould be always done when you make ufe of thofe kind of Shoes ; for although People fhould prevent as much as pofllble any Shoe's refting too much upon the Sole, yet they are fome- time neceffitated to fuffer this Shoe, of this fafhion, to reft a little upon the Heels, and even the inner edge of the Spunge almoft always toucheth the Frufh ; therefore the Sole fhould be always kept ftrong, efpecially at the Heels ; afterwards anoint your Horfe's Feet, which are (hod after this fafhion, with the Hoof-falve before-mentioned, or thofe de- fcribed in the Second Part, and keep his Fore-feet a- mongft his moiften'd Dung : If you continue this Method, infallibly his Heels will open and enlarge ; the Horfe at firft, if you have weaken'd his Soles too much, may mean his Feet with thefe kind of Shoes, but his Feet will ftrengthen through a little Time and reft : Thefe kind of Shoes are not fitted without a little Time and Pains*, and the Smith muft not be flothful to put the Shoe in the fire again, either to open or ftraiten the Spunges, according as there is need for it, for that cannot be done at the very firft • and there is no Smith that is able to fit and faften two of thefe Shoes in lefs than an Hour, for the Shoe muft follow exactly the fhape of the Foot, as well at the Heel as at the Toe ; and al- though the inner edge of the Spunge enter but the thicknefs of two Crown- pieces within the Heel, it matters not *, for, in a Month's Time, the Heel open- ing will cover it all. When the Panton-jlwes are for- ged, fitted, and ready to be put on, they appear, to H 4 thofe 104 'the C&mpIeatUorfeman : ory thofe who are ignorant, very ftrait and narrow at the Heels, becaufe they follow the fhape of the Foot, and therefore feem ridiculous to thofe who know not the good of them. The reafon why the ufe of thefe kind of Shoes openeth the Heels, and helpeth Hoof-binding, is, that when the Heel groweth, it is forced outwards, by the Shoe, becaufe the Spunge which is thicker a great deal in the inner edge than in the outer, hin- dereth the Heel to clofe and tend that way, and upon the contrary forceth it outwards, fo that ei- ther the Hoof mu ft not grow, or of neceffity the Heels mult enlarge and open, if the Shoes be right placed. You mult continue the (hoeing of him after this faihion, until his Heels be well-fhaped and large, which will be infallibly after mice or thrice fhoe- ing •, do it at the Change, or about the fourth or fifth Day of the new Moon : The ufe of thefe Shoes is admirable, in that they never fhift upon the Feet, but remain firm in one place, being kept fixed by the thicknefs of the inner edges of the Spunges. A Horfe fhod after this fafhion, is many times unferviceable for a little Time, which muft be allow- ed him, toftrengthen his Feet, amongft his moift- en'd Dung. People muft net think to travel with thefe kind of Shoes, at the beginning when a Horfe is fhod with them, and before he be accuftomed to them -, for feeing they prefs the Foot, they would make him halt: But they may take the Air upon a Hoife fhod after this fafhion, make him ride in the Manage, or do any other moderate Exercife, provided it be up- on foft Ground : and after the Horfe hath been a little accuftomed with thefe Shoes, he will not halt with them, altho' you travel him. If you have a Journey to make with a Horfe that is Hoof bound, but doth not as yet halt with it, you Parti. Per feB Farrier. 105 you muft not at all take down his Heels, when you fhoe him, although I heretofore ordered you upon other occafions to do it ; but on the contrary, you muft keep his Heels as ftrong as poflible, and drive the Nails only in the Toe, for the Heel being high and narrow, you will not eaflly get them driven there, neither could your Horfe fuffer it ; and then your Horfe will travel with you as youpleafe : In- deed this will not be the way to help his Hoof- binding, but, on the contrary, it will make it worfe, it being only to make him perform his Journey that you do it. If your Horfe be fo ill Hoof- bound that he halteth to the Ground with it, the belt and readiefl cure is to take out his Soles, and put Shoes upon him which have long Spunges: The way of taking out the Soles is fhewn in the Second Part^ Sett. 2. not but that thefe kind of Shoes, which I have been dif- courfing of, help, and will, through Time, open his Heels, bu^that will be in four or five Months Time ; whereas fpis Soles had been taken out, he would have been cured in three Weeks or a Month, pro- viding that you took care to open his Heels, when the Sole was out, by cleaving the Frufh, or by put- ting in a Plate of Iron betwixt his Heels, fo that it may keep them about two Inches further afunder than they were before his Sole was taken out, and that by fixing that Plate of Iron betwixt the two Quarters of the Foot near the Heel, becaufe the Frnfh, which is fofter than the reft of the Foot, will yield and open, and fo make the Heels in a condition to become large *, but it is fooner done to give a ftroke with an Incifion-knife, and fo to cleave and open the middle of the Frufh down al- moft to the Pattern, to the end that that overture may make the putting in of fome rolls of Linnen in the Cltft of the Frufh (which muft be firft dipt in the healing Charge) the more eafy to keep the In- cifioa 1 06 The Compleat Horfeman ; ory cifion very open •, the Sole will grow again, which will keep out the Quarters } the Shoe which mult be made large, to anfwer to the Foot which is alrea- dy made large, will keep it fo, and the Heels in growing will not clofe or ftraiten if the Horfe b© right fhbd : This which I (hew you is founded up- on feveral Experiences I have made, which fucceed-< ed very well with me •, for the Sole beginning to grow will keep out the Heels } and if there be need for it, you may afterwards fhoe your Horfe with Half-Pamon Shoes, as in the next Chapter. There are fome Horfes fo very ill Hoof-bound, that altho> People have taken out their Soles, yet they can fcarcely force out their Heels, to get that Plate of Iron right placed, which fhould keep them open and afunder ; for thofe kind of Feet you muft, when the Sole is taken out, force afunder the Hoof at the Heels with the Nippers or Pincers, fo that by forcing them, you may oblige them to feparate •, but there muft be great care taken in forcing the Quarters this way, that you do not l^krate the Horn from the Heel, for then you would caufe the Horfe to caft his Quarters : After you have thus forced his Heels open with the Pincers, you muft put in that Plate of Iron, which refembleth fome- what the blade of an old Knife, which will keep his Heels firm and open, until the Soles grow again, and fo keep them out themfelves : But the absolutely ihorteft way, is to cleave the Frufh down almoft to the very Paftern, immediately after you have taken out his Sole ; and after that the Shoe is faften'd on, and the Charge or Apparel for cure put upon the Sole, you muft fill that Gift very well with Bolfters or Rolls of Linnen, firftdiptin the healing Charge, which muft be put into it at the under-part of the Paftern, and afterward tye all up with a Cloth to keep them faft, and keep always that Ciift very open until the Sole be wholly filled up again \ after which, if Part L PerfeSt Farrier. 107 if you (hoe your Horfe with a Half-F 'ant on-fkoe, it will make his Heel become very large and well-fhaped, which is eafier done than to force the Quarters, by making ufe of the Plate of Iron above-mentioned, altho' that method be alfo very good. CHAP. XXVI. How Horfes which have Clifts in their Quar- ters, commonly called Falfe- Quarters^ are to he fl)oe*d. FOR Horfes which have cloven or Falfe-Quar- ters, you mull make a Shoe after the fafhion which I call the HalfPanton-fhoe, the ufe of it being good, I therefore thought fit to propofe it to you ; this method of Ihoeing may alfo ferve for Horfes whofe Hoofs begin to clofe and ftraiten at the Heels, for it cometh near to the figure of the Panton-fioe,be- caufe the Branch is turned upwards, which maketh the fame dope that the Pant on- fine doth \ but the fide of the Shoe next to the Ground is not the fame, becaufe there is but one edge of the Spunge, to wit, the utmoft edge, which toucheth the Ground % whereas the under- fide of the Panton-fme is quite flat : Thefe kind of Half- Pant on- fro es do not force out the Heels fo fuddenly as the whole Panton-flnes^ and therefore are good to be made ufe of at firft5 to make the Heel fpread. The Shoe EF, GH, which is reprefented in the nth Fig. of Plate 3, is a Half- Pant on- fine, which is to be put upon a Horfe which hath one or more Falfe- Quarters, and which confequently hath narrow Heels ; you muft then make, efpecialiy the whole Branches, and alfo the Spunges FB,DH, ftronger than ordinary, afterwards turn them up fo that AB, CD, mav be higher than the outer edge EF, GH, fo i oS The Compleat Horfentan : ory foyou will find that betwixt AB and EF, the Shoe will Hope outwards, alfo the other Branch CD, GH, will do the fame} and the reft of the Shoe, FEGH, will be altogether flat upon the Ground as an ordinary Shoe ; for I here reprefent to you the inner fide of the Shoe, becaufe the under fide of the fime Shoe, FEGH, muft reft upon the Ground, the whole compafs of the Shoe, FEGH : Now in vault- ed Shoes the Spunges are turned quite contrary, for in them they are turned outwards towards the Ground, whereas in thefe they are turned into the Foot; The Shoes for Hoof-binding, before- mentioned, have the inner-edge of the Spunges a good deal thicker than the outer, whereas thefe have both the edges of equal thicknefs } but the dexterity is to turn the Spunges, fo as to give them a right Hope, and to make the Shoe hollow or vaulted next the Ground. To fet on and fit the Half-Panton-ftoe^ you muft, when you pare the Foot, keep the Sole ftrong at the Heels, and fo fit the Shoe, that the middle of the Heel, which maketh the extremity of the Quarters, may be fet juft upon the Spunges, FB, DH ; always taking care that the inner edges of the faid Spunges reft not wholly upon the Soles, but although they reft a little upon them it matters not j then drive your Nails neatly, and fee that they be very thin in the fhank. When the Shoe is put on to remain, that is to fay, when it is nailed and rivetted, you muft pour into his Foot Tallow and Pitch molten together, with Hurds and Splinters of Wood above them, to keep all faft; and if you have the Oil of Bays, it will be very proper to put it alone fcalding hot into his Foot, with Hurds and Splinters about it to keep it in, for it is fuch as we fhould have to penetrate, foften and ftrengthen the Sole, which People have a, mind Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 109 mind to force the enlarging of, by the foregoing method of Shoeing, or pour Tar fcalding hot into the Foot •, or, without making ufe of any of thofe^ keep his Feet amongft his, moiften'd Dung, and let him always ftand thus upon it until he leave halting, which will be within four or five Days, more or lefs \ and during that Time always anoint his Hoofe at the Coronets with Hoof-falve ; and although he perhaps halted before, becaufe of the Pain which his Falfe-Quarter or narrow Heels gave him, yet this method of fhoeing will, from that Time forwards^ give him eafe : The Falfe- Quarter or Seytne will folder and clofe up to the very Hair, and the Horfe will recover } but 'if this method of lhoeing do not thebufinefs, haverecourfe to the Second Part*, where the Cures of Seymes^ or Falfe- Quarters are particu- larly treated of. There are fome Horfes, efpecially your light kind of Horfes, which have unequal Heels, fo that the one ftandeth higher than the other, which is eafily perceived, by looking to the Heels juft at the Pa- ttern : There is no other help for them, but to make ufe of this way of Shoeing with the Half- Pamon-fboe, or to take out their Soles and cleave the Frufh to the very bottom ; that fo, when it groweth up again, you may keep the Heels at aa equal height. CHAP. up The Cotttpleat Horfeman : oty CHAP. XXVIL 0/ Shoeing Hordes whofe Fore-Legs, from the Kjiees to the Coronets go in a ftraight Line, and appear as if they were all of one piece ; as alfo of thofey whofe P aft em-joints bend Jo far forwards that they appear to be diflocate. THere are fome Horfes, which when they are ftanding in their natural fituation, have their Legs from the Knees to the Coronets in a ftraight Line, which muft be recovered, either by Shoeing, or as I fliall (hew you hereafter -, and is done by taking the Heels very much down, almoft to the Quick, without hollowing the Quarters-, which will force the Sinew to ft retch *, and the Paftern- joint to retire into its place •, if, when you take down the Heels, the Leg falleth not far enough back, and that the Horife continueth to carry his Paftern-joint too far forwards *, you muft then make the Shoe go beyond, or exceed the Toe half a Fin- ger's breadth, and it muft alfo be made thicker in that part than in any other ^ in the mean time, while you give him this kind of Shoe, anoint the Back finews of his Legs with the Ointment of Roles, Ointment of Marfh-mallows, the Ointment Popu- lion and Honey, of each a like quantity mixed cold (which is called the Ointment of Montfelier, and de- ' fcribed in the Second Fart) to make the Back-iinewsr ftretch the more eafily, and bring them to that condition wherein they ought to be: Horfes which have high Heels are more fubjeft to this Infirmity than others. When the Paftern-joint goeth out of its place, by bending too far forwards, you muft take down the Horfe's Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. nt Horfe's Heel to the very Quick, without opening it, and give him a Shoe which muft appear all round his Toe, two Fingers breadth without his Foot, as People ordinarily (hoe the Mules, and anoint the Back-finew of his Leg with the Ointment of Mont- pelier \ for this way of Shoeing ftretcheth the Sinew, which violence would wrong it and occafion fome Swelling, if it were not aflifted by fuch an Oint- ment as this, which hath the vertue to take away the Pain and foften it ; and alfo at firft, when he carrieth thefe kind of Shoes, it is proper to walk him up and down in one's hand, to affift the joint to fall into its right place again, and not at all to travel him in hilly Ground, for in going up-hill the Sinew would ftretch fo much, that I affure you the Horfe would halt for having had it fo violently ftretched on a fudden •, you muft therefore at firft let his Sinew ftretch by degrees upon plain Ground, and partly alfo in the Stable •, but if the Joint be al- together advanced, with difficulty will he be cured of it, if it be not by cutting the Sinew, as 1 fhall fhew you hereafter, a little lower than the Ars (as the French call it) which is a Vein upon the u\Mz of each Fore-Thigh, a little below the Elbow, call'd the Bafilick'Vein9 and by common Farriers the Plat- Vein. If Horfes which have their Legs from the Knee to the Coronet in aftraightLine,and alfo thofe whicli have their Patterns already call forwards, do not re- cover by the method of (hoeing, which I have fiiewti, you muft then have recourfe to a manual Operation^ ■ which appeareth dangerous, but is not : To perforin* which well, you muft obferve, that Horfes which are extreamly troubled with thofe Infirmities I have been mentioning, have a Sinew, or rather Mufcle, at the Ars or Flat-Veins, and a little below the place where they bleed Horfes in that part, which is near to the infertion or joining of the Fore-Thigh with the lis The Compleat Horseman : ory the Shoulder : That Sinew or Mufcle is about the bignefs of one's little Finger, very much ftretched and ftifF, and lieth ftraight up and down all along the Leg : Now, it is that Mufcle or Sinew which maketh the motion of the Pattern- joint, and being, ftretched after this fafhion keepeth the Joint for- wards, and hindereth it to be in its ordinary fitu- ation \ a certain token that it doth fo, is that thofe Horfes which have neither of thefe two fore-named Infirmities, have not this Mufcle ftretched, but quite covered and hollow, fo that People with dif- ficulty can find it out •, but in thofe who have them* this Mufcle is found at the very firft feeling, and it appeareth clearly to be ftretched, and not as natu- raHy it mould. Having found out this Mufcle, which is eafily done, you mult, with an Incifion- knife, open the Skin downwards, four Fingers breadth below the Ars or Fore-Thigh- Vein, then cut the Mufcle or Sinew quite thro' crofs-ways, not all at one cut, but by degrees, then turn your Incifion- knife to the other fide of it, and per feci: the cutting of it by degrees^ and not all at once, although you muft at laft cut it quite through •, and after it is done, wafh the Wound with Brandy, and put Salt in it, and work the Horfe after he hath no more Swelling where you cut him, and that the Wound is healed up •, and thus the Pattern will fall into its natural place by degrees, and if the Operation hath been dexteroufly performed, the Horte will bleed but ve- ry little, and the Wound will alfo heal up of its own accord •, there are fome very fenfible Horfes which will be eight or ten Days without lying after this Operation, but People mutt not be ftirprized at it, feeing thera is not the leaft hazard in it : Sometimes People in making this Operation, through carelef- nefs, cut the Ars or Fore-Thigh- Vein, when they have made the Incifion too near the Vein, and then; the Horfe will bleed very much, but there is not the ieaffi Part I. PerfeB Farrier. % i * kaft danger in it j let the Horfe bleed iufficiently, then ftop the bleeding, by filling the Orifice with Rabbet or Hare-wool, and afterwards few up the Skin in two parts \ there will be gathered a littles Matter, but by greafing the Wound, in eight or tea Pays the Horfe will be healed,and fometime fooner : Before that this Operation be made, the Horfe's Heels fliould be very much taken down, and then (hod with Planch- flloes, as the Mules ate, and let him carry thofe Shoes three or four Days before the Operation, and alfo walk abroad with them, tha£ fo he may be accuftomed to them \ after which you ihall perform the Operation. And for the more fe- curity, that you may not cut the Fore-Thigh or Plat-Pein% you muft be fure to make the Operation four Fingers breadth lower than the Veins : Thus the Operation will have more effecl: upon the Pa«* ftern, and alfo you will not cut the Vein* and in eight or ten Days the Horfe will be recovered, the Wound healed up, and he will be in a better condi- tion to travel than formerly. People make the like Operation upon Horfes which have their Patterns altogether caft forwards, by cut* ting them four Fingers breadth higher than theKnee^ juft upon the Fore-part of the Fore-Thigh ; they firft cut the Skin above the Sinew, which is very ftiff and ftretched upon the fore-part of the Leg4" then they raife the Sinew with a Shamofs, of wild Goat's Horn, by putting it quite beneath the Si- new } afterwards they cut the Sinew with the In^' ciGon-knife, quite thorow to the Shamy-hotn7 the^ fill the Wound with Salt, and put Hurds or coarfe Flax, dipt into warm Turpentine, above it % and they hinder the Horfe to come at it with his Teeth % for to keep the apparel fait, they wrap the p3rt about with a Cloth, which muft be fewed, for fear of preffing the Horfe's Leg too hard, which would iftake it fwell * then they leave him in that manner* 1 and i 14 The Cdmpleat Horfeinan : or^ and drefs him not for fome Days, but they bleed him the very next, and anoint his whole Leg with the Duke's Ointment, defcribed in the Second Part\ and continue it every Day for eight Days •, the Horfe, during that Time, may be walked up and down in one's hand, and the Pattern will fall into its place, fo foon as ever the Wound is healed up : This Operation is more difficult than the former, andfucceeds well enough with Horfes which have their Pattern caft very far forwards, and as it were quite out of its place* which maketh the Sinew fo itretched, that it is quite raifed from the Fore- Thigh, and very rnuch advanced, yet it is done without trouble or hazard *, but if a Horfe be but in a ftrak Line from his Knee to the Coronet, and that the Sinew, we have been difcourfing of, be not much raifed from the Bone, and exeeffively ftretch- ed, it may in that cafe do prejudice, as I faw it done to a Horfe, which had one of his Legs, from the Knee to the Coronet, only in a ftrait Line, and in the other the Pattern was caft quite forwards ^ the Leg in which the Pattern- joint was quite caft for- wards, the Operation fucceeded admirably well with it, for the Sinew was very much detached and elevate •, but for his Leg, which was only in a ftrait Line from his Knee to his Coronet, the Sinew was not altogether raifed from the Thigh, and fo the Horfe was two Months recovering. Now People run not that hazard in making the other Operation, which is performed four Fingers breadth below the Fore-Thigh Vein, for it can ne- ver do any prejudice, although the Sinew be but very little raifed and advanced •, therefore except a Horfe have his Pattern-joint quite caft forwards, I would not advife you to cut the Sinew a little above the Knee. This is enough upon this SubjecT:. CHAP- Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 1 1 5 CHAP. XXV1IL Of Arched Legs. WHen Horfes have Arched Legs, or their Legs bending forwards at the Knee, when they, are {landing in their natural fituation, People may alfo cut the above-mentioned Sinew as they do to Horfes which have their Legs from the Knee to the Coronet in a flraight Line } and if they begin with, the Shoeing, as I have before ordered, the Operati- on will fucceed well ; for after all is done, you will fee how neat the Legs will appear in comparifort of what they were before : You are to begin with the Shoeing, and you cannot, in fhoeing of them, pare their Heels too low, that fo you may force and compel the Sinews to ftretch : At iirft when you make 11 fe of this Invention, the Horfe may halt with it, but you muft anoint the Back-iinews with fome foftning Ointment, fuch as the Ointment of Montfe- lier^ defcribed in the Second Part, and anoint the Si- news twice a Week with it, having firft warmed the Sinew by chafing it with your hand ^ this Ointment, will foften the Sinews, take away the Pain, and To facilitate the extenfion of the Nerves. If after having taken down the Heel, as I have told you, the Leg be not in that condition you would wifh it, being ftill very much arched at the Knee, you mult then make for llim a Planch-fhoe, which muft go beyond, or exceed the Foot at the Toe two or three Fingers breadth, and rife alfo a little to- wards the edge \ fallen it upon the Foot, and then anoint his Sinew with, the aforefaid Ointment-, let him itand after that manner, only walking hint in your hand every day about an Hour, and in a fhort "time you will fee the good effects of it 1 1 6 'the Contfleat Horjeman : or, If neverthelefs it produce not that effedfc which you might expeft, then cut the Sinew a little below the Ars or Fore-Thigh Vein, as I fhewed you be- fore '7 and if that makes his Legs fwell, as it fome- times doth, be not furprized at it, but anoint him with an Ointment made of Popvlion^ Honey, and black Soap, of each an equal quantity, mixed very well cold, with a fmall Glafs full of Brandy, and continue to walk him every Day in your Hand ; but you muft obferve never to cut that Sinew, until you have firft taken his Heels very well down, and then (hod him with Shoes which txcccd his Foot at the Toe, as thofe do which are made ufe of for Mules. CHAP. XXIX. How to (hoe Horfes which tread only upon the Toes of their Hind-feet j as alfo thofe which trip or fiumble* SOme Horfes tread upon the Toes of their Hind- feet, without refting upon their Heels at all. Young Horfes are not fo fubjeft to it as old, and in Time it becomes incurable. You are therefore to pra&ife upon them a part of the Cure for Horfes who have their Patterns beuding forwards as if they Ivere out of joint. People ordinarily begin with ta- king down their Heels very much, and then give them Shoes a little longer than the Foot at the Toe, and anointing well the Sinew of the Hind^leg, the Horfe in a {hort Time will recover: But you muft continue to take down his Heels extraordinarily, and keep his Toes very long. Alfo, if it be neceflary, you muft make the Shoe exceed his Toe \ but the fureft way is to make it exceed his Foot at the Toe an Inch or two. To Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 117 To (hoe a Horfe which ftumbleth, you mult ftoe him quite contrary to thofe which tread only upon the Toes of their Hind-feet : For you muft take down his Toe very much, and alfo (horten it, that he may not meet fo eafily with the Clods and Stones in the High-ways. But if thofe Ilorfes which {tumble have their Si- news troubled, their Legs fpoilt, or their Shoulders weak, you muft then have recourfe to another Cure than fhoeing, which you will find hi the Second Part m9 where you have Receipts that are all very good. If your Horfe over-reach, the Spunge of the Shoe mult follow the Turn of his Foot. It is commonly a fign of Weaknefs when a Horfe is fubjeQ: to over- reach ; which is when with his Hind-feet as he is riding, he overtakes the Heels of his Fore. Some People turn up their Hind-feet-fhoes at the Toe, to prevent the ftriking off the Fore-fhoe. Though it is certain the Rider is oftentimes the occafion of a Horfe's over-reaching ^ becaufe through his igno- rance he knows not how, with his Bridle-hand, and by the fear of his Spurs, to keep his Horfe Together and firm under him. It is true, that an A&ioij which is conftrained cannot endure long, and far lefs the whole Time of a long Journey, when wea<- rinefs feizeth a Horfe. But a Man fhould now and then advertife his Horfe ; and if that prevent not his over-reaching, you may then freely fay, that he wants Reins and Strength, or that he is quite fpoiled. I 3 CHAP. i 1 8 The Compleat Horfeman : or, CHAP. XXX. How to (hoe Horfes which have been foundered in the Feet. TiHere are few Horfes that have been oftner J foundred in the Body than once, which have not fome of the Humour, which occafionM the Foundring, fallen down in their Feet, which will disfigure them, becaufe the Point, or that part of the Coffin-bone or Little- foot which is mo ft advanced, falleth down and prefTeth the Sole : And the middle of the Hoof above the Toe fhrinks in and becomes flat, becaufe of the hollownefs beneath it, occafion'd by the falling down of the end of the Coffin-bone. And when the Bone of the Little- foot hath fallen down, after this manner, and prefTeth the Sole out- wards, the Horfe is then faid to have Crefcents •, al- tho' thofe Crefcents be really the Bone of the Little- foot, which hath left its place and fallen downwards, and the under-part of the Foot, to wit the Sole at the Toe, appears round, and the Hoof above fhrinks In. Neither can it be otherwife, for the Coffin-bone or Little-foot being, as I faid,fallen down, and leav- ing that place, wherein it is ftayed* em jky, the Hoof at that place not being fupported by any Thing, mufl: of neceffity ftirink or fall in. The fame happens to Horfes which have had a great Numbnefs in the Coffin } theCaufe of which is almoft the fame as Foundring in the Feet, and the Symptoms the fame, viz.. Crefcents *, and fuch Horfes tread only upon their Heels, fetting down their Toe a pretty while after their Heel ; neither can they reft upon any part of their Feet but the Heel. Now, where the Foundring hath fallen down to the Feet3 or that there be a Numbnefs in the Cof- fin^ Part I. TerfeEl Farrier. up fin, Horfes are a long Time in recovering \ fo that a Year's Time will produce but little amendment : Therefore the belt way is, to fell them for the Plough, or to fuch who live in a foft Country, where are few or no Stones. Never pare a Horfe at the Toe that is foundred in the Feet, becaufe the Sole in that part mould be al- ways kept ftrong, to the end that if there be any appearance of a Crefcent^ it may be prevented from coming any greater length. Neither mull you take down his Heels much •, for all the ftrength of thefe kind of Feet lies in the Heels : And fofoonashe is fhod, pour into his Sole Oil of Bayes fcalding-hot, with Hurds or coarfe Flax above it, and Splinters of Wood to keep all fall, and continue to pour the faid Oyl into his Feet, for feven or eight Times, once every other Day. If you take out a Horfe's Soles, you fhould not tarry above three Months after his Foundring ; and when you have out his Soles, the whole Crefcent fhould be fired •, that is to fay, burn the whole end of the Little-foot which is loofe, that fo it may fell away. But I think it far better not to take out fuch Horfe's Soles at all, but to keep the Sole always ftrong, and pour into it Oil of Bayes. CHAP. XXXI. Of Calkins. C Atkins fpoil the Feet, occafion Bleymes, which is a bruifed Blood within the Coffin at the Heel, ruin the Back-finews, and make Horfes to tread up- on the Toes only of their Hind-feet, and trip. Ne« verthelefs, in Time of Froft they are convenient, becaufe Necefftty hath no Law \ and it werq Kbtfcer I 4 the 120 Tihe CompkatHorfeman : ory the Horfe fhould fpoil his Legs,than the Rider fliould be in continual hazard of breaking his. When you are neceflitated therefore toufethem, make the Smith to pare the Horn a little low at the Heels, and turn down the inner Corners of the Spunge upon the Corner of the Anvil, and fo fa- (hion a Catkin after the fhape of the Point of a Hare's Ear* which will do little prejudice \ whereas th« great f^uare Calkins fpoil the Foot. CHAP. XXXII. How to (hoe Horfes which Cut or Interfere. THere are four Things that make a Horfe to cut: The firft: is Wearinefs : The fecond, Weakrtefs in his Reins : The third, not knowing how to go. And laftly, his not being accuftomed to Travel. To which might be added, his being badly or too old fhoe'd. It hap'neth more frequently be- hind than before, and is eafily helped by Shoeing, eipecially if the Horfe be young. When People fee a Horft which cuts himfelf, they fliould not at firft fight condemn him for it, until they haveexamin'd whether it may not have been fome Rivet of a Nail which had occafion'd it, or that the Shoe too much exceeds his Quarters on the infides. Every Horfe which, after a long Journey, hath not cut himfelf, giveth a favourable Token and Proof of his Goodnefs : For there are but few, which after a long Journey, have not cut themfelves lefs or more. It is eafily known by the Skin being cut upon the infides of the Pattern- joints, and many times galled to the very Bone, fo that the Horfe frequently halts with it, and hath his Pattern- joints fwelled. If Part I. Perfe& Farrier. 1 2 1 If a Horfe cut before, take offhis two Fore-fhoes, and take down the Out-quarter of each Foot very much, and place the Inner-edge of the Shoe fo, that it may follow exactly the compafs of his Foot, with- out any ways exceeding it towards the Heel. Then cut the Spunges equal with the Heel, and rivet the Nails fo exactly into the Horn, that they may not at all appear above it : Or burn the Horn with the point of a hot Iron, a little below the hole of each Nail, and then beat down and rivet them in thefe Holes. If the Horfe, after this method of Shoeing, conti- nue ftill to cut himfelf, you are then to thicken the Inner-Quarters and Spunges of his Shoes, fo as they may double the thicknefs of thofe upon the out- fide, and always pare down his Out-Qiiarters very much, even almoft to the Quick, without in the leaft touching thofe within: But be fure always to rivet the Nails very juftly and clofe. If he cut behind, unlhoehim, and pare down his Out-quarters almoft to the Quick, give his Shoes Calkins only upon the infides, and fuch a Turn as may make them follow exactly the compafs and fhape of his Foot, without exceeding it, efpecially in the Inner-Quarters -7 and above all, rivet the Nails exactly, for one fingle rivet will occalion a great diforder. If notwithftanding all thefe Precautions, your Horfe continue ftill to cut, you muft (befides what I have already order'd) drive no Nails at all upon the infides, but only make a Beak at the Toe to keep the Shoe firm in its place, and continuing this Method for fome Time, the Horfe will learn to walk, and interfere no more, although he be afterwards fhod after the ordinary fafhion. Some fatten little Boots of Leather or of an old Hat, about the Pattern, joints ; they are made narrower at top than bot- tom, and therefore are only made fait at top. O- thers 122 The Compleat Horseman : or, tbers wrap about the Pattern- joint a piece of Sheep's Skin, with the woolly fide next the Horfe^ and when it is worn out, apply a new one. If he cut through Wearinefs, there is no better Remedy than giving him Reft, and feeding him well. — , CHAP. XXXIII. Of Purging. PVrging fhould never be attempted without great necellity, becaufe Horfes are eafily inflamed, and require a great quantity of Drugs to purge them, which cannot poffibly be given without im- jjrinting a ftrange heat in their Bodies, not foon ex- tinguifhed. And the Medicaments being common- ly twenty four hours in their Bodies before they be- gin to operate, muft, during that Time, over-heat or alter fome of the Parts. So likewife there is great danger from miftaking the nature of the Dif- cafe, or purging them unfeafonably. For Example ; In the heat of a Fever, and in the pains of a Cholick, it would be very improper to adminifter a Purge, becaufe thereby a Man will foon have cured his Horfe of all bifeafes. ^ Some Medicines purge only by lentfying and fweetning, fuchasOylSj Greafe, and Butter, which by greafing the Guts, facilitate the evacuation of the Excrement and other Humours. Others again by their abundance of Moifture, do fo foften the Humours, that they glide along with them : Such as Whey^ the Deco&ion of Beets, of Pellitory of the Wall, of Coleworts, of Spinage, &c. And fo likewife Grafs in the Month of May purges by foak- Ing and foftning the Humours, and caufing them to pafs eafily through the Bowels, by reafon of thehr great humidity. All Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 123- All fharp and piquant Things do likewife irritate and excite the expulfive Faculty ^ fuch as almoft all Salts, the Seed of Nettles, and many others. But all thefe Remedies are rather laxative and deterfive, than true Purgatives. All Purgatives have in them a kind of Malignity : therefore never give a violent Remedy for a fmall Indifpofition. If People fail in any fide, it fhould rather be in giving too weak than too ftrong Reme- dies ^ and if the Horfe do not purge fufficiently, there is nothing loft, becaufe it hath difpofed the Humour ; and by reiterating the Purgation fome Days after, and making it a little ftronger, you will find it fucceed very well. You fhould alfo confider, that a Remedy given in Subftance, for example, ia Powder, fhould be given in lefs quantity than when it is only infufed in fome Liquor, and the folid Subftance thrown away. Generally fpeaking, no Infufion of any Drug whatfoever will purge a Horfe, becaufe it pafTes too quickly : For he is a Creature fo difficult to be wrought upon, that altho' a Drug be given him in Subftance, yet it will be twenty four Hours in his Body before it begin to purge, whereas an In- fufion being liquid, pafTes in five or fix, fo that it hath little or no effeft, unlefs you give him the Drugs and Infufion mixt together. Never purge a Horfe in the beginning of a Dif- eafe, becaufe the Humour not yielding to the Re- medy, is thereby over-heated, and brought to a Fermentation, which increafes the Difeafe inftead of diminifhing it : And fince in Horfes we cannot obferve any certain fign of Co&ion, and feparation of bad Humours, which occafion the Difeafe, their Urines being almoft always troubled, and not much unlike to one another, and the Excrements of the Belly almoft the fame } therefore we fhould delay it until the Horfe be recovered : But this is to be only under- i^4 The Compleat Horfeman : ory tmderftood of acute and violent Difeafes ; for when the Diftcmper begins once to flacken, then the Humour which occafioned it is conco&ed, feeing it canfes no longer any Symptom. And becaufe Na- ture many times negle&s to expel the Humour fhe has overcome, therefore it is that it muft be evacuat- ed by purging, left it Ihould fpring up anew again, and occafion a Relapfe : So that in Fevers, and other violent Difeafes, a Man fhould never purge a Horfe, neither in their beginning, nor when they are at their height. You are alfo, as much as poflible, to forbear purg- ing in Time of exceffivc Heat or Cold. But if you are necefTit3ted to do it in Winter, you are then to keep the Horfe well covered, in a warm Stable, from whence he muft not ftir during his Purgation \ but if it be in Summer, then keep him in a tempe- rate place, and when he begins to purge, walk him fialf an Hour in one's Hand, every two Hours, and continue it for half a Day, to affift him to empty. A Horfe that is to be purged, fhould be kept four, five, or fix Hours without eating, before he take it, and as long after. You may alfo, for the more precaution, give him a Clyfter the Night before, which (hall be compofed according to the nature of his Dileafe. From the Time he took his Purgation, until it have done working, (which will be about forty hours) let him eat no Hay, but take him from the Rack at the end of every four hours, and give him about half a Peck of wet Bran. When the Horfe hath done purging, you may if you will, give him a Clyfter, to perfecl: the eva- cuation of that which the Medicament hath not brought away : After which you may feed and or* derhimas formerly. la Part I. PerfeB Farrier. 1 2 5 In making of Pills, after you have broken and beaten your Drugs coarfly, mix the Compofitioa with two Pounds of frefh Lard, or for want of it, the like quantity of frelh Butter *, and having beatea and mixt all well together in a Mortar, make pills about the bignefs of fmall Tennis-Balls, and whea the Horfe has fwallow'd them, give him, in a Horn, fome White-Wine to carry them down to his Stomach, and to take away the bitternefs from his Mouth. If it be for a Drench, you are alfo to beat them coarfly, and either mix them with a Deco&ion or with Wine, and letting it infufe about a quarter of an hour, give it to the Horfe early in the Morn- ing, with a Horn, after he has been tied up two hours to the Rack. If you make ufe of a fimple Infufion, which hath no great efFedl: upon Horfcs, then the Drugs being infufed all Night, the Liquor is to be poured off next Morning, amongft which you are to diflblve fome kind of Ele&uary or Powder in a fufficient quantity #, and when the Horfe has taken it, rinfe the Horn with the remainder of the Deco&ion, or with Wine, and make him fwallow it , after which wafh his Mouth with a little Wine, to take away its bad relilh. CHAP. XXXIV. Of Clyfters. CLyfiers are of fo great ufe for the prefervatioa of a Horfe's Health, and curing of Difeafes, that we have no Remedy which equals them ; for a Clyfter given in feafon will fave a Horfe's Life. Fevers, and the cxceffive beating of the Flanks, are rarely allayed but by the reiterated ufe of good Clyfters. 126 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ Clyfters. And if at any time they make no fenfible alteration to the better, yet at leaft they refrelh and give eafe \ and never did Clyfters, given or* derly, and according to method, prove prejudicial to any Horfe whatfoever. Common Farriers don't give above a Quart or three Pints of Decodion in a Clyfter, which has generally no great effeft ^ for befides that the Li- quor is given in too fmall a quantity ; they alio fpare Drugs, and commonly mix nothing with the Deco&ions, but faked Wafer, Honey, dnd Oil. I think a Clyfter fhould have two or three Quarts of Deco&ion, or elfe it will moiften and wafh but little : For as a Horfe drinks ten times more than a Man, and that People give alfo twenty times more than the Dofe for a Man. to purge him, it follows that the fame proportion fhould be obferved for Clyfters. When you intend to purge a Horfe by Clyfter, put no kind of fat into it, becaufe Oils and Greafes adhere to the Inteftines, and fo hinder the effect of the Purgatives ; but rather ufe common Salt^ Sal Gem, Folychrefi, or warm Vrine, all which prick and irri- tate the expulfive Faculty : Whence it is that Coun- try-Farriers make commonly their Clyfters of the Water in which Cod-fifh or Herring have been fteeped, which by reafon of its faltnefs, caufes a Horfe to empty well. To make a Clyfter fomewhat Purgative, a Man may infule all Night in a proper Deco&ion, an Ounce of Sena, and next Morning giving it a little boil, ftrain it to make a Clyfter. A Clyfter fhould not be given till the Horfe's great Gut be cleared of its* Dung, which by Far- riers is called Raking. Caufe fome body who has a fmall hand to anoint it with Oil or Butter, and thruft it up into his Fundament, taking care not to fcratch the Gut with his Nails* and draw forth all the Part I. Perfe$ Farrier. 127 the Dung he can conveniently bring away. Or otherwife thruft up into it about the bignefs of a large Hen's Egg of Caftile-Soap, anointed with Oil to make it enter with more eafe , half an hour after which, the Horfe will empty •, fo that ufing this you need not Rake him, becaufe the Soap will do it fufficiently of it felf. Having thus caufed him to empty, place him with his Fore-parts a little lower than his Croup, and thrufting into his Fun- dament a Horn made for that purpofe, open at the fmall end, pour into it by degrees the Clyfter, which mult be Milk-warm, and if it mould flop in the Horn, without pafling down, you are ta make the Horfe move his Tongue, and then ftrike him gent- ly with the palm of your hand upon the Reins, which will make it enter : This done, put him into the Stable again, tied up to the Rack, without moving him afterwards, contrary to the common pra&ice of Farriers, who walk the Horfe while the Clyfter is yet in his Guts. It is alfo fit that your Horfe be tied up to the Rack two hours before his Clyfter, and that he eat not until he hath render'd it, or about an hour af- ter he hath taken it. They that walk their Horfes after a Clyfter; make them render it too foon, whereas it fhould be retained a reafonable Timer If he could be made to keep it a full hour, it would be fo much the better ; and therefore a large Syringe made on purpofe is better than a Horn, becaufe the Horfe receives it better, without fo much as needing to be taken out of the Stable, and being lefs moved after receiving it, he will have the lefs caufe to render it too foon. It fignifies but little to ftop a Horfe's Fundament with Hay, or to tie down his Dock, to hinder him from rendring it, for none of thefe me- thods will prevent lum from voiding his Clyfter, if he have an inclination, to it. CEAP. 128 The Compkat Horfeman : ory CHAP. XXXV. Of Bleeding Horfesy and Precautions to be ob/erved therein* BLeeding is very profitable for curing of Fevers, the Farcy, Mange, Strokes of all forts, for De- fluxions upon any part of the Body, the Eyes ex- cepted, for the foundering in the Body, Vertigo, Head-ach, and many other Difeafes. The firft Reafon for Letting Blood is Plenitude^ which is when the Veflels are fo very full of Blood that they can fcarce contain it without burfting, or that there is more Blood than is needful for the en- tertainment of the Parts, fo that Nature cannot go- vern it, Omnt enim nimium Natura inimicum. The fecond Reafon is, The exceffive heat of the Blood : In this cafe bleeding refrefhes and appeafbs the boiling of it. The third Reafon is, That we may tale away the corrupt Humours contained in the Veins^ which by their Tutrefatlion can produce but bad Effetts : Therefore Na- ture being eafed by this Evacuation^ doth the more eafily digeft the reft. The fourth Reafon rs, That when the Blood hath not liberty enough to run and pafs freely through its Ve^elsi bleeding gives it vent, and fo facilitates its motion. The fifth Reafon is, To make a Revuljiony by alter- ing its courfc, when it carries it f elf from one fart to an* other with too great impetuofity^ and in too much abun- dance. Now in this cafe, People endeavour to re- tard its courfe, or to procure another for it, quite another way. The fixth and lafl: Reafon for Blood-letting is, 7* give eafe and relief to any part that is over-charged with Blood \ which is performed by bleeding the part af* flitted. Blood- Part I. PerfeB Farrier. v 129 Blood-letting is neceflary by way of prevention, for all Hcrfes which feed well and labour little. It fliould be done twice a Year. It hath alfo its Inconveniences, when pradtifed nnfeafonably ; for then it maketh a revulfion of the Spirits, which are the fource of ftrength and natu- ral heat • and alfo takes away the aliment appoint* ed for the nourifhment of the Parts. You fliould therefore confult your Horfe's ftrength, to know if he can endure Blood-letting, and to conlider if he be very weak *, for then he would have more need to be made up by good feeding, than to lofe his Blood. . Young Horfes, as well as old, are to be bled as rarely as poflible. I fay the fame of fuch Horfes as pafs their Aliments without being conco&ed and digefted } fuch as thofe who have much whole and iindigefted Oats amongft their Dung, unlefs the Horfe fwallow them without chewing, which is frequently done. Neither are you to bleed cold and phlegmaticli Horfes, nor thofe which work in anexcefTive cold Country, nor in any Country in great Heats or ex- ceffive Colds, their Bodies then ftanding more in need to be ftrengthen'd than weaken'd. People commonly bleed Horfes in the jugular Veins, which lie on each fide the Neck, forfeveral pifeafes •, as the Farcy, Mange, Repletion, and for Prevention. For Bites or Blows in the Eyes they take Blood from the Temples with a fmall Lance. For Head-aches, or for being difgufted or over- heated by exceffive Labour, or for Cholicks and' the Vives, they have a little Lance made purpofely for opening the Veins beneath the Tongue. Alfo for Cholicks, Vives, and being much over- heated, they bleed in the Griftle of the Nofe, with* out regarding whether they hit the Vein or not. K Whea 130 The Compleat Horfeman : ory When a Horfe is difgufted, dull, harafled, and over-heated, they bleed in the middle of the Palate, above the fourth Bar, with a Lance or (harp Horn. If your Horfe lofe too much Blood by aflroke thus given him in the Palate, you are to raife his Head very high, by tying a Cord about his upper Fore- teeth, as if you were going to give him a Drench, and it will ftop of its own accord. I faw once a Horfe that died of a ftroke thus given him in the Palate with a Horn, and the Blood could not be flopped neither with Vitriol, nor with a Button of Fire, or any thing elfe they could ap- ply, fo that the Horfe loft all his Blood and died. I have fince fallen upon a Remedy that would have faved him, and which is but a Trifle : Take the half ot a Walnut-fhell, and applying the hollow fide of it to the Orifice of the Wound, prefs it a little hard upon it, and fo hold it for a quarter of an Hour •, after which the Shell will ftick of its own accord, and fo ftop the Blood, which perhaps no other Re- medy could have done. For ftrains in the Shoulder, or the Mange in thofe Parts, they take Blood from the Bafilick or Fore-Thigh Veins • but this is rarely done, and when it is, they do it commonly with Fleems, and not with a Lance. For Strains and Infirmities in the Hammes and Knees, they take Blood from the Patterns with Fleem or Lance. For beating in the Feet, and Infirmities of the Legs, fuch as Swellings and Oppreffions of the Nerves, Horfesare let Blood in the Toes with the Butteris or Drawing-Iron. For Cholicks, and fometimes alfo for the Farcy, the Veins of the Flanks are opened with a fmall Lance made for that purpofe. For Blows and Strains in the Haunches, Blood is drawn with Fkems in the flat of the Thighs. For Part I. TerfeSt Farrier. x 3 i For the Fever and Purfinefs, they bleed with a long Lance in the Tail or Dock. When a Horfe is blooded, make a good large Orifice in the Vein, that the thick and terreftrial Blood may be evacuated *, becaufe when the Orifice is toofmall, it is only the moft fubtil Blood that is drawn, fo that the bleeding doth more harm than good. When you intend to bleed a Horfe, let him reft the Day before, and alfo the Day following-, and let him be tied up early in the Morning to the Rack without Wjter or Combing, for fear of too much agitating his Spirits } then draw with a pair of Fleems, that fhould be of a reafonable breadth, for the Reafon before given, about three Pounds of Blood, and then leave him tied to the Rack for two hours. After which you fhall give him fome fcalded Bran, or the following Mam : Take half a Peck of good well- ground Malt, and put it into a Pail by it felf •, then take a Gallon or five Quarts of fair Wa- ter, and fetit on the Fire, and when it hath boiled a little, put as much of it into the Malt as will moiften it, working and ftirring them with a piece of flat Wood ^ after which pour in the reft of the Water, and mix all very well together. Then cover it clofe, and let it ftand two hours. When the Horfe is ready to take it, crufh and fqueeze the Malt with your Hand as much as poflible, and give it him ro drink Luke-warm. I fay, it muft be lit- tle more than Milk-warm •, and if it prove too hot or too thick, you may recYsty both, by adding a little cold Water to it, but be fure not to make it too cold nor too thin. This Mam is found to agree well with Horfes which are indifpfed or lick, and is therefore here fet down. The Author having given no directions K 2 U 132 The Compleat Harfeman : cr, to make one, by reafon, I fuppofe, that Malt is not much ufed in France. The Germans gallop their Horfes before bleeding, to the end,s fay they, that the bad Blood which is as the Lee, may be mixed with the good, and fo both drawn together. But they fhould confider, that Blood is not with the fame tranquility in the Veins, as Wine is in a Hogfhead, whofe Lees lie at bottom. And if the whole Mafs of Blood in a Horfe 's Body, being about fifty Pounds, does cir- culate through the Ventricles of the Heart in a- bout fix Hours fpace, as Experiments have difco- vered, it will follow, that there is no need of any violent 'agitation, but on the contrary, the Horfe fhould be kept calm and quiet, for fear of lofing too many of his Spirits. Thofe who are very careful of their Horfes, not only let them reft on that Day wherein they are bled, and the Day before and after *, t>ut alfo give them only Bran inftead of Oats on thofe three Days. In taking Blood you are to regulate the quantity according as your Horfe is a great Feeder, and as his Veins are full and ftretched, and accordingly as itifTues forth with Violence^ having Hill regard to the quality of the Difeafe, his Strength, Age, and theSeafon. It is a general Maxim, that without very good and prefling Reafons, a Man fhould never make great evacuations by Blood-letting, becaufe there is made by it a too great diffipation of the Spirits, as alfo Crudities formed in the Veins, which are the origin of feveral Difeafes* CHAP. Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 135 CHAP. XXXVI. How to judge of the Quantity and Quality of Blood. ALtho' it is not the common pra&ice of Farriers to receive a Horfe's Blood into a Veflel, how- ever, it is very neceffary, that a Man may thereby be able to judge of the Quantity and Quality. A Quart of Water weighs about two Pounds, and Blood is near of equal weight with Water : There- fore firft try how many Pounds of Water the Veflel contains, and when you know how much fpace two Quarts of Water will take up in a Veflel, the fame fpace will be filled with four Pounds of Blood. Obferveifit run calmly and flowly, and without impetuofity \ as alfo if it cleave to your Fingers when you touch it, becaufe if it do, it is a fign that it is Vifcous, and apt to occafion obftrudtions : Therefore in that cafe you are to bleed your Horfe frequently. Blood which froths much when receiv'd into a Veflel at a pretty diftance, betokens heat and agita- tion of the Spirits ; from whence People conclude, that a Horfe is over- heated, either by fuperfluous Nourifhment, or too violent Labour *, or otherwife, that he is of a vigorous Conftitution : Such Horfes Ihould be let Blood at leaft twice in the Year, by way of Prevention. When Blood coagulates foon and eafily after it is drawn, and hath a great many Fibres in it, it is a fign that its Subflance is thick and terreftrial , but if it with difficulty congeal, than it is more fluid and fubtil. If the Blood be very ferous, that is, Watery, it betokens a Weaknefs in the Reins, or an Obftru&km in the Veins. K 3 $394 134 Tthc Compleat Horfeman : or. Blood whofe Superficies is yellow, but black be- neath, betokens a great deal of Heat, and that Bile predominates. Blood full of Phlegm and Water, is a fign that the Horfe is of a cold and nioift Complexion, and he fhould be very feldom let Blood except upon 4 Neceffity. Blood of a plumbeous or earthy colour, betokens that a Horfe is Melancholick, and fhould be but fel- dom bled. The Blood of AfTes is of this Colour. In a word, If the Blood be very red, it is a fign. it is good; if yellow, that it is bilious j if pale and whitifh, that it is not well prepared, and that it i$ charged with Phlegm ; but if it be livid and green- ifh, that it is Melancholick and Terreftrial. To judge of the Quality of Blood after it is re- ceived into a VqHc]j you are to fet it in a place where the Sun may not dry it, and without expo- ling it to Smoke, Wind, or Duft. If Blood will not congeal and fix, it is a fign the Horfe is full of bad Humours, and ftands in need of reiterated bleeding •, and fhould be purged alfo to take away thofe corrupt Humours, which by their Putrefaction over-heat the Blood in the Veins, and thereby are the caufe of all Difeafes. This kind of Blood is the word of any, and fhould therefore be evacuated, only take care to do it by degrees, and not too much at one time. When the Blood is vifcous and thick, fo that ■when you break it with your Fingers it immediate- ly rejoins and continues firm, it denotes Plenitude, and that the Horfe fhould be frequently bled. If you would judge of the Quality by itsTafte, that which is fweereft is the belt and molt natural ; if it be infipid, it is pituitous and phlegmatick •, if bitter it is bilious and cholerick •, if acid and ftyp- tick, it is terrefrtial and melancholick ^ but if fal- r.iih, theo it ktokeneth brackifh Phlegm, When //l/v. - i Sna/fh . smalt n'4t;rmj.Bilt N &*: + Un fatten ajZerat , {rjutu/ fir fatten Alsutn Jt "Piston ■ nnUy Liberty afer PtJSdnj JVtiL.. Fiax Un Jimitw faucu,cn fane>n a \cutt//i .^ .4 iiLiitt rsitnJ sr catisn .Hcut/t,anJ ' snlv tsvnt.-A m £ .ihai//s,A« maAe a AmJ sfXtforfr far Ms '/tnjut Un i.zt/s,! .4rsunJ frianjn U^lK't- sr JietwttHf **^ Jlsut/t irt'M .in faf*\ Part L PerfeSt Farrier. 1 3 jj When HoiTes ftand equally in need of Bleeding and Purging, it is fitteft to begin with Bleeding, be- caufe it cools, and may thereby hinder the Purga- tion from inflaming the Humours : Becaufe for the molt part, a purgative Medicament ftirreth up Hu- mours, which it doth not evacuate } fo that if you fhould immediately take Blood, while the excited Humours are thus in agitation, the Veins would attract that ftirred up Humour which was not eva- cuated, and which being once in the Veins, is ca- pable of fpoiling the reft of the good Blood. In fine, Blood-letting contributes much to the true knowledge of a Horfe's Conftitution, and more than any other evidence, whether of Mark or Colour ; alio a Man may thereby judge of his Health and Vigour. CHAP. XXXVII. Of Bins. TO Bitt a Horfe is to give him fuch a Bridle as is molt proper to gain his confent to thofe Actions you require of him. The Iron which is put in a Horfe's Mouth, is called a Bin or Bin-mouth. In the middle of the Bin- mouth there is always an arched fpace for the lodging of his Tongue, which is called the Liberty. The Duke of Nexvcaftle advifes to put as little Iron into a Horfe's Mouth as poflible ; and we in England feldom make ufe of other than Snaffles, Canon- mouths jointed in the middle, Canon with- a Faft-moiith, and Canon with a Port-mouth either round or jointed : But our Author gives a Defcrip- tion of fifty lix forts of Bitts, and the Figures of eighteen of them in a printed Plate, moitof wjjich K 4 -he I 3 6 The Compleat Horfeman : orD he fays, being very rude, and fpoiling Horfes Mouths, are generally laid afide : I fhall therefore defcribe fuch of thofe Bitts only, as are at prefent moft in ufc among ft us : And firft, Of the Canon-month jointed in the middle. Fig. 2. This always preferyes a Rorfe's Mouth whole and found , and altho' the Tongue fuftain the whole effort of it, yet that part is not fo fenfible as the Bars, which have their feeling fo very fine> that they feel the prefTure of this Mouth through the Tongue, and thereby obey the leaft Motion of the Rider's Hand : If then the Bitt- mouth retted wholly upon the Bars, it would be a ready means to turn a Horfe's Mouth defperate. The larger it is towards the ends fixed to the Branches, the more gentle it will be, becaufe it will thereby be fo much the lefs capa- ble to conftrain a Horfe. It fhould be always held as a certain Maxim, that a Man ihould make ufeof this Mouth to a Horfe as long as he can, that is, if with a fimple Canon- mouth he can draw from a Horfe all the Obedience he is capable of giving, it will be in vain for him to trouble himfelf to give him another, becaufe this is the very beft of all. Of the Canon with a fafl Mouth. Fig. 3. Next cometh the Canon-mouth all of one piece, and only knee'd in the middle, to make a liberty for the Tongue. This is proper to make fure thofe Mouths, which being too fenfible, ticklifh, or weak, chack or beat upon the Hand.' This Bitt will fix fuch Horfe's Mouths, becaufe it refts always in one place, fo that thereby deadning in a manner that part, it maketh the Horfe to lofe his Apprehenfive- nefs, who in a little time will relifh this Bitt- mouth better than the laft, which being jointed in the middle., refts upon the Bars unequally, fometimes upon one fide, and fometimes upon t'other. This is Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 137 is neverthelefs more rude, becaufe it is not jointed in the middle, but all of one piece. The greatelt dexterity in forging this Bitt-mouth is, to project the middle of it a little forwards, thereby to give the more play to the Horfe's Tongue, and caufe the Bitt to reft rather upon the Gums or outfides of the Bars, than upon their very ridges. Of the Canon with a Tort- Month. Fig. 5. A Port-Mouth is a Canon with an upfet or mounting Liberty, which is proper for a Horfe that hath a good Mouth, but a large Tongue. It work- eth its effect upon the Lips and Gums, and becaufe the Tongue is difengaged, it will fubjecl: a Horfe who hath his Bars high, and in fome degree fenfible. It is of excellent ufe, and if well made will never hurt a Horfe's Mouth. Of the Canon- Mouth with the Liberty, after the Form of a Pigeon s Nech Fig. 4. When a Horfe hath too large a Tongue, fo that by its thicknefs it fo fupports the mouth of the Bitt, that it cannot work its effect upon the Bars, this Li- berty will a little difengage his Tongue, and thereby fuffer the Mouth of the Bitt to meet with and reft upon his Gums, which will make him fo much the more light upon the Hand. This is alfo good for thofe who fometimes make ufe of one Rein, becaufe they may pull it without hurting his Bars, which cannet be done with Mouths that have other kinds of Liberties. Of a Sc at ch- Mouth, with an Vpfet or mounting Li- berty. Fig. 6. Thefe are more rude than Cannon-Mouths, be- caufe they are not fully fo round, but more edged, and are preferable to them in one refpefr, which is, that thofe parts of a Cannon-Mouth to which the Branches 1 38 The Com pleat Horfeman: ory Branches are faften'd, if not well rivetted, are fub- je& to flip, fo that a Man is then left to his Horfe's Difcretion : But the ends of a Scatch-Mouth can never fail, becaufe of their being over-lapped, and are therefore abfolutely moft fecure for vicious and iil-naturd Horfes. Of a Canon-Mouth with the Liberty after Mr. Pig- natePj fajhion. This is proper for a Horfe with a large Tongue and round Bars •, feeing it is not at all fupported by the Tongue, but only a little by his Lips. A Man Ihould take care never to work a Horfe with one Rein, fo long as he is carrying one of thefe Bit- Mouths, becaufe he would infallibly break and lpoii his Bars. Sir William Hope defcribes it in this manner : c It is c a Bitt with a gentle falling and moving up and 1 down, and the Liberty fo low as not to hurt the * roof of the Horfe's Mouth ,' which is the bed Bitt certainly for all Horfes which have any thing of a big Tongue, and therefore recommends that Li- berty above all things in Bitts, with the Branches A la Cone f: able . Plate 3. Fig. 6. I {hall pafs over the reft of the Bitt-Mouths men- tioned by our Author, fuch as thofe with Pears, Balls, Melons, &c. there being no fuch rude Bitt- Mouths now to be feen, but in (lead thereof People now make ufc of ftrong and hardy Branches. Some are of opinion, that there is no better way to fit a Horfe exa&ly with a Bitt, than to have a great many Bitts by them, and change them, until they fall upon that they would have : But be fure at firftto give him a gentle one, rather than a rude, and fee that it be right lodged in his Mouth, that is, not fo high as to make him frumple his Lips, nor fo low as to reft upon his Tuflies. This Parti. PerfeSl Farrier. 139 This done, caufe one to mount him, and let him try to pull the Horfe two or three fteps back : You will know as he is going back, if his Head be firm, and if he perform it frankly, or only obeys with re- lu&ancy, that fo you may give him another Bitt, which may gain his confent. If he incline to carry low, you are not to give him a Liberty for the Tongue, which will rife too high, for that by tickling his Palate, would bring his Head down between his Legs. Large Curbs, providing they be round, are al- ways moft gentle : Take care that it reft in its pro- per place, a little above the Beard, for without this the Bitt-Mouth will not have the effect you might exped from it. CHAP. XXXVIII. Of Branches. THE Branch is to be proportioned according to the defign a Man hath either of bringing in, or raifing a Horfe's Head. The Line of the Banquet is that part of the Branch whereby we judge of its effects, and which difcovers to us its flrength or wcaknefs. See Plate 3 Fig. 4. A ftrong or hardy Branch is that whofe Sevil-hole at the lower end of it is placed upon the outiide of the line of the Banquet. See Plate 3. Fig. 4, 5, and 8. XA gentle Branch is that whofe Sevil-hole is placed upon the infide of the faid Line. See Plate 3. Fig. 1 . A rude and hardy Branch will bring in a Horfe's Head, proportionally as it is more or lefs hardy ; whereas a gentle Branch, by diminifhing the effect of the Bitt- Mouth, rnake a Horfe njtore eafiiy to bear 140 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ bear the preflure of ity who before could hardly endure it. The further the Branch is from the Horfe's Neck, the greater fcrength will it have in pulling, and will bring it belt, in, provided it be in the hands of a Perfon who underftands to makeufe of it. Short Branches are ruder than long, if they have both of them the fame fhape and turn \ becaufe the effects of a long Branch coming from a diftance, do mot conftrain a Horfe fo fuddenly as a fhort, which liclides its great conftraiut is alfo unpleafant. The Branch mull: be proportion^ to the length of a Horfe's Neck, and one may fooner err in chooling one too fhort than too long. Yet after a little ob- iervation, a Man fhall rarely fail when he fees a Branch, to be able to fay, that it is for a Horfe which hath fuch a Neck : And when he fees how any Horfe carries his Head, he will immediately difcover what Branch is proper for him, becaufe he carries fo and fo, and hath fuch a Neck. I. A ftralght Branch after the form of a Piftol. See plate 3. Fig.-i. This is commonly the firft given to young Horfes to form their Mouths, and make them to re- lifh a Bitt. IK Fig. 2. A Branch after the Conftable of France'/ faflnon. This Branch is proper for a Horfe which natu- rally carries his Head well, and in as becoming a pofture as poffibly he can. III. Fig. 3. A Branch after the form of a Glgot or Leg. This is alfo proper for Horfes which naturally carry well \ and will prevent him from carrying low when weary. IV. Fig. Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 1 4.1 IV. Fig. 4. ./4 Branch after the form of a bent Knee* This is proper for Horfes which arm themfelves againft the operation of the Bitt, which is done two ways: 1. By bringing in fo very much their Heads, that the lower part of the Branches reft upon their Breafts or Counters : The common Remedy is to give them fhorter Branches, which is fo far from rectifying it, that it conftrains them more, and thereby obliges them to arm themfelves more ftrong- ly than they did at firft. Now this fort of Branch, tho' ten Inches long, yet is fo turned, that it can- not fo foon reach their Counters, as an ordinary Branch of fix Inches long, becaufe inftead of pulling down their Nofes, as other Branches generally do, this raifes them. 2. The fecond way of Horfes arming themfelves, is, that when a Man would reftrain them, they turn in fo very much their Heads, that they immediately touch their Necks with their Chins, and thereby render the Branches ufelefs. There is no remedy for fuch, but to place a Ball of Wood (covered with Velvet or any other thing, to make it appear neat) betwixt their Jaw-bones, upon the Chaul- band of the Bridle. The bignefs of this Ball mould be proportioned according to the hollow between the upper parts of the Jaws, becaufe were it. too little, it would be ufelefs and without effecl ; and if it were too big, it would not only appear too much, but would alfo ftiift from one fide to the other : But being fo adjufted, that the half of the Ball may enter between the two Jaw-bones, and the other half remain without, and meet with his Throat, it will then keep in its place, by reafon that the hollow between the Jaw-bones ftraitens as it defcends, fo that the Ball cannot be diflodged, but 142 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ but mull of neceflity prevent the Horfe's arming himfelf. V.Fig. ?. A Branch after the French Vafoion. All Horfes do not arm themfelves, but many carry low \ therefore the railing a Horfe's Head is one of the molt difficult things we undertake, be- caufe a Man may bring in a hundred, when he will notraife fo much as one. However, the two Bran- ches following will produce this efFed, the one more, the other lefs. The firft is this Branch after the French Falhion, which is hardy about a third of an Inch at the Sevil-hole, and knee'd an Inch and three quarters at the Jarret or Hamme, with the Eye of the Branch a little higher than ordinary, to give the more force to the Branch : It will therefore be proper for rai- ling a Horfe which carries his Head low, becaufe theSevil at the lower end of the Branch, inclining backwards towards the Keck, hath borrow 'd a fuffi- cient ftrength from the Hamme, which is pretty much knee'd in that part, to make it the more pow- erful for railing. VI. Fig. 6. Another Branch more hardy than the preceding. The former Branch would raife a Horfe's Head, altho' but little, becaufe it is only hardy at the Sevii about a third of an Inch, whereas this Branch hath two thirds of an Inch at theSevil- hole, and about two Inches at the Hamme, and is therefore proper to raife a Horfe's Head that carries very low. The falfe Hamme or part of the Branch which is bruifed or advanced forward, more than the other part of the Branch to which it is foldered, is a great help to it, becaufe it augments the ftrength of the lower part of the Branch : The Eye being of a good height, will alfo give ftrength to the operation of the Branch, and the Shoulder which is fo turned as not to Parti. Per feB Farrier. 143 to conftrain too much, will likewife afiift tfee Branch to raife. VII. Fig. 7. Another Branch which brings in a Horfe*s Head more than the preceding. This is hardy about two thirds of an Inch at the Sevil-bole, and hath a falfe Hamme, that is, the Branch at that part is bruifed or fet forwards, fo that the moft advanced part of this Branch is about an Inch and three quarters. The principal effect of this Branch is to bring in, it being hardy to the very Sevil-hole; The half Hamme augments itsftrength,and the lower part of the Branch which ftands inclined towards the Horfe's Neck, makes it to raife a little -y fo that it will be good for aHorfe which carries his Neck ftraight out, and hath therefore difficulty to bring in his Head to fuch a becoming Pofture as it ought. This Branch brings in a great deal, and raifes but little, which is juft what we fhould make ufeof for fuch ftraight ftretched Necks, becaufe by bringing their Heads very much in, we oblige them to turn and bend their ftraight Necks after the form of an, Arch : But fince it would be dangerous ro bring them too much in, and thereby to bring their Heads betwixt their Legs, therefore the lower part of the Branch is made to incline backwards towards the Horfe's Neck, which raifes and places their Heads in the molt beautiful pofture fuch Necks are capable of. VIII. Fig. 8. Another Branch more hardy than the yrecedi?iig as large Wallnuts, with a Quart of White-wine, keeping him afterwards with his Head tied up in the Bridle pretty high, for three Hours, then feed him as before, with Bread, warm Water, and Wheat-fheaves, but moderately of the laft, be- caufe you are not to fatten him, but on the contra- ry, (bydiminifhingand hard'ning his Flefh) to in- crease his Wind and Vigour. On the feventh Day air him abroad for the fpace of an Hour juffc after Sun-rifing, and as much at Kight before Sun-fet, fometimes racking or flap- ping, and fometimes galloping him. But if he con- tinue too fat, then do the fame before Sun-rifing and after Sun-fet. Then bringing him back, rub and cover him well, and feed him as before: And thus continue to air and exercife him every Day, giving him every fifth Day his Pound of Butter made up with Garlick into Balls ; and alfo obferving not to air or take him abroad on the Day that he takes his Balls, nor the Day following. When he has taken three Dofes of his Garlick- Balls -7 that is, fifteen Days after you firft began to put him in keeping, you are to exercife him for two Hours in the Morning, and as much at Night, fometimes at full Speed, then at a good Gallop, and afterwards at a Step, that he may recover his Wind : Remembring, as I have already told you, not to air him on the Day he takes his Balls, nor on the Day after: But upon the other Days when you have gallop'd him hard, difinount, and lead him home in your Hand well cover'd ; then rubbing and wiping him all over until he be perfe&ly dry, let him ftand upon his Bridle with his Head tied up for three Hours, then give him his Water, fomewhat more than luke-warm, and feed him as before : And thus you are to order him for a Month, giving him his Garlick-Balls every fifth Day : But on the laft five or fix Days of the Month, you are to run anc} gallop, Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. iejcj gallop him as fharply as his Wind will allow him, giving him Liftnings now and then in his Running, to take his Wind. Let hisExercife be for two Hours in the Morning, and as much at Night, leading him always back to the Stable in your Hand, ha- ving firft well covered him, and then rubbing and drying him, give him his Water and Meat as I have directed. If after all this his Dung be ftill flimy and vifcous, it fhews that he is not as yet prepared *, you muft therefore continue his Balls, and Exercife, until his Dung come from him pretty dry, and without hu- midity. Two Nights before the Match he fliall be put in the Muzzle all Night, and about two in the Morning give him three Pints of Sack, wherein twenty or twenty five new-laid Eggs are beaten, then tie him up to the Rack two Hours, after which mount him, and put him to a gentle Gallop, then to a full Speed as long as his Wind will allow it ; afterwards to a Gallop again to give him Wind j and thus you are to exercife him three Hours, then cover him, lead him home in your Hand, and rubbing him and dry- ing him, tie him up with the Bridle to the Rack for three Hours -, then give him his Water, but it mult now be as hot as he can drink it, and then feed him as formerly. On the Day of the Match give him his former quantity of Sack and Yolks of Eggs well beaten to- gether, two Hours before he is to run ^ and he muft be alfo tied up to the Rack fix Hours before you give him his Sack. And on that Day, and the Day preceding, he is to eat but half his allowance of Bread at each Meal, and but half the Wheat-fheaves you were accuftomed to give him. Upon the Days your Horfe is not to run, you are to feed and exercife him as I have told you : But if you find him exa&ly prepared, then give him Gar- lick-balls every ninth Day only. If i$6 The Cowpleat Horseman : orD If in the Time of his dieting, or afterwards, the Horfe fhould difguft or become coftive, give him good Clyfters made of two Quarts of Milk and a i'iutof Sallad-Oil, the whole being well mixed and lukewarm. Thcfe kind of Horfes are never to be rid but with very fmall Snaffles, for fear of hindring their Breath- ing and Wind, which one of our great Bitts would certainly do. The Rider is to lean a little forward, to prevent the Wind taking too much hold upon his Body, a Cap inftead of a Hat, very fmall and fharp Spurs, and he is to Spur near to the Flank with little Jfcrokes, becaufc ilrong and great ftrokes do rather Milder than augment his fpeed. The Method here fct down by Monfieur Solllfely concludes the firfl part of his Book : But he having never made tryal of it himfelf, (his Countrymen iheing generally great Strangers to this Diverfion) he gives it only upon the recommendation of an Englifl) Jocky. I thought therefore it would not be amifs, that fiucc it differs fo much from the manner of preparing Race- Horfes ufed at this Time, to fub- joia the modern way of preparing Horfes for a Courfe, collc&cd from the belt Authors who have treated on this fubjccl:. CHAP, PartL Per feSl Farrier, jt^j CHAP. XLII. The modern way of preparing running Horfes. AHorfc dcfigned for Racing fhonld be tractable, and no ways Refty or Skittifh. His Head fhould bcfmall and (lender, with wide Noftrils and a large Thropple. Let him have alfo a pretty large reach, and good Feet. His Age mould be fix Years atleaft, noHorfe under that Age having fufficicnt. ftrength for a four Mile Courfe, without running the hazard of being over- {trained. The next Thing to be confider'd is the limitation of Time for preparing a Horfe for a Match % and it is generally agreed by judicious Horfemen, that (un- kTs the Match be for an extraordinary Sum) two Months is fufficient. But herein you are to have regard to the eftate of your Horfe's Body. As Firft) If he be very fat, foul, or taken from Grafs. Secondly, If he be extreamly lean and poor. Thirdly, If he be in good cafe, and hath had mo- derate Exercife. Now for the firft, you muft take two Months at leafl: to bring him into order : For he will require much Airing, great carefulnefs in Heating, and dif- cretion in Scouring. For the fecond, that is, very poor, get as long Time as you can *, and let his Airings be moderate, and not before or after Sun } feeding him liberally, but not foas to cloy him. For the third, a Month or fix Weeks may be fuf- ficient. In the next place, you muft confider his particu- lar Conftitution •, as if he be fat and foul, yet of a free and wafting nature, apt quickly to confnme and i $8 The Compleat Hot fern an : or, and lofe his Flefh \ in this cafe, you muft not have too ftrift a Hand, neither can he endure fo violent Exercife, as if he were of an hardy difpofition, and would feed and be fat upon all Meats and Exer- cifes. Again, If he be in extream Poverty, and yet by nature very hardy, and apt foon to recover bis Flefh, and long to hold it, then by no means fhouid you have fo liberal and tender a hand, nor forbear that Exercife which you would ufe to a Horfe of a tender Conftitution, weak Stomach, and free Spirit. the fi> ft Fortnight's Feeding of a Horfe which is fat , foul, or newly taken from Grafs, Aflbon as his Body is emptied, 3nd the Grafs voided, which will be within three or four Days at moft, you fhall every Morning at break of Day, put on his Bridle, being firft wafh'd in Ale, or Beer •, and after you have drefTed him, cover him accord- ing to the feafon of the Year. Then clap on his Saddle, and girt the foremoft Girt pretty ftrait, and the other fomewhat flack, and wifp him on each fide of his Heart with pretty foft Wifps between the two Girths, that both of them may be of equal ftraitnefs \ then put before his Breaft a warm Breaft- Cloth, and let it cover both his Shoulders. Then (if you have taken no Tobacco) fquirt a little Ale or Beer out of your Mouth into the Horfe's, leaving fome body to trim up the Stable in your abfence. For your Horfe muft always ftand upon good ftore of dry Litter, Night and Day, and it muft be either Wheat-ftraw or Oat-ftraw ; for Barly-ftraw, and Rye-ftraw are unwholfome, the firft caufing Heart- burning, the laft Scouring. When you are mounted, walk him aF'oot-pace, which we call Racking, for a Mile or two (for you muft neither Amble nor Trot, becaufe they are both Parti. PerfeSi Farrier. itjp both prejudicial to fpeed) upon fmooth and equal Ground, and if it have a gentle Rifing fo much the better : There gallop him gently, afterwards walk him foftly, that fo he may cool as much one way as he warms another. And when you have thus ex- ercifed him a pretty fpace, and the Sun is newly rifen, rack him down to fome freih River or clear Pond, and there let him drink at his pleafure. Af- ter he hath drunk, bring him gently out of the Water, and rack him away veryeafily, and not as ignorant Grooms do, who as foon as a Horfe comes out of the Water, force him into a Gallop, which either teaches him to run away with you as foon as he is water'd, or maketh him refufe to drink, fear- ing the violence of his Exercife which is to follow : When you have thus walked him a little calmly, put him into a Gallop gently, and exercife him moderately as you did before : Then walk him a little fpace, after which, offer him more Water : If he drink, then gently gallop him again •, if here- fufe, then gallop him to occafion Thirft, and thus always give him Exercife both before and after Water. When you think he hath drunk fufEciently, bring him home gently without a wet Hair, or the leafl: Sweat upon him, and when you are come to the Stable-door provoke him to Pifs if you can, by ftirring up fome of the Litter, which is at the Door, under him. If he do not Stale at firft, no matter, a little Cuftom will bring him to it, and is good for his Health, and will keep the Stable clean. This done, tie his Head up to the Rack in his Bridle, then rub down his Legs with hard Wifps, as ftrongly as you can *, loofe his Br eaft- cloth, and rub his Head, Neck, and Bread with a dry Cloth ; then take off his Saddle, and rub him all over, efpe- cially his Back where the Saddle ftood, then Cloath- ing. him according to the Seafon, girt on his Sur- cingle, 1 60 T/;e Cotnpleat Horfeman : ory cingle, and flop it with fmall and foft Wifps, WWich will make it the eafier. Stop his Feet with Cow- dung, or his own Dung a very little moiftned with frefh Water, then throw into the Rack a little bun- dle of Hay well dulled and wrapt hard together^ and let him eat it Handing upon his Bridle. When he hath Hood foan Hour, take it off, and rub his Head and Keck very well with a Hempen or Hair- Cloth, then drawing his Bridle, make clean the Manger, and put a Quart of fweet, dry, old, and clean-drefs'd Oats, into a Sieve that may keep the good and full, and let the light Oats go through it j and if he eat them with a good Appetite, let him have-again the fame quantity, and fo let him reft till Eleven a Clock with the Windows clofe-, for the darker you keep him the better, becaufe it will make him lie down and take his reft, which other- wife he would not fo readily do. At Eleven a Clock rub his Head and Neck as before, and give him another Quart of Oats^ then leave him in the dark Stable till One after Noon, at which Time rub him and feed him as before, giving him alfo another fmall bundle of Hay, and leave him dark till wa- tering Time. Watering Time being come, drefs him as in the Morning-, thenCioath, Saddle, lead him forth and urge him to empty \ then mounting him, rack him abroad, but not to rifing Ground as in the Morn- ing, if you can find other that is plain and level, and there Air him in all Points as you did in the Morning, galloping him gently before and after his Water, rack him home to the Stable-door, and in your way let him fmell upon every old and new Dung you meet with, to provoke him to empty. Being alighted, do as you did in the Morning, both without Doors and within, and fo let him reft till Nine at Night, At Part 1. Perfect Farrier. i6i At Mine rub down his Legs well with Wifps,' and his Head and Neck with a clean Cloth j then turning up his Cloaths, rub all his hinder Parts^ and give him a Quart of fifted Oats, and then a little hard bundle of Hay, and tofs up his Litter, io leave him till next Morning. And thus you fiiall keep him conflantly for the firft Fortnight, which will fo take away his foul- nefs, and harden his Flefh, that the next Fortnight you may adventure to give him fome gentle Heats. But whereas it may be obje&ed, that many Horfes that have good Appetites, would be half ftarved or become very weak, if they were fcanted to a Quart of Oats ar a Meal. To this I arifwer, that 1 fet not down this proportion as an infallible Rule, having told you, that if he eat it with a good Stomach, you may give him another ^ fo leaving the proportion to your own Judgment and Dif* cretion. The fecond Fortnight's Feeding* In this Fortnight you fhall do all things as in the firft •, only before you put on his Bridle, you fhall give him a Quart or better of clean fifted Oats, then bridle and drefs him, Cloath, Saddle, Air* Water, Exercife, and bring him home as in the firft Fortnight ; only you mall now put no Hay into his Rack, but give it him out of your Hand,' handful after handful, and fo leave him on his bridle for an Hour: Then after Rubbing,'**, fift another Quart of Oats, and fet them by. Then take a Loaf of Bread that is three Days old at leaft^ made after this manner. M Th4 \62 Tihe Cowrie at Hot fern an : ory 7%e fir& Bread. Take three Pecks of clean Beans, and one Peck of fine Wheat, mix them together, and grind them in- to pure Meal. Then bolt it pretty fine, 3nd knead it up with great ftore of frefh Barm and Lightning, but with as little Water as may be : Labour it well in a Trough; break it, and cover it warm that it may fwell : Then knead it over again, and mould it into big Loaves, and fo bake them well, and let them foak foundly. After they are drawn from the Oven, turn the bottoms upward, and let them cool. At three Days old you may give him this Bread, but notfooner; for nothing is more apt to furfeitthan new Bread. If it be dank nr clammy, fo that the Horfe takes diftafte thereat, then cut the Loaf into thin Slices, and lay it abroad in a Sieve to dry, and then crumbling it fmall amongft his Oats, you may give it him without danger. When you give him this Bread, chip it very well, a Rd crumbling it pretty fmall, mix it with the Oats you had fifted and fet by. You may give him as much Bread as may countervail the quantity of Oats, or more if you think fit, and fo leave him till Eleven a Clock, and then give him the fame quantity of Oats and Bread, and let him reft till the Afternoon. At One after Noon, if you intend not to give him an Heat the next Day, feed him with Bread and Oats as in the Forenoon, and fo every Meal following for that Day. But if you intend the next Day to give him an Heat, then you fhall only give him a Quart of clean fifted Oats, but no Hay, and fo let him reft J;ill Evening. At Four a Clock give him the like quantity of clean-lifted Oats; and after he has eaten them, Bridle, Drefs, Cloath, Saddle, Water, Air, Exercife, bring home, and order him as be- fore. Jheyved '7 pnly give him neither Hay nor Bread among Part t. * PerfeSl Farrier. i 63 among his Oats for that Night. After he hath Hood about an Hour upon his Bridle, give him another Quart of Oats, and when he hath eaten them, put a fweet and clean Muzzle upon him, and fo let him reft till Nine at Night. At Nine give him another Quart of Oats, and when he hath eaten them, put on his Muzzle again, tofsuphis Litter, and leave him till next Morning. The Muzzle is to keep the Horfefrom eating up his Litter, from gnawing upon Boards and Mud- walls, cfor. They are made fometimes of Leather ftampt full of Holes ; but thefe are unfavpury and unwholfome *, befides they are too clofe and too hot, and both make a Horfe fick, and caufe him to forbear reft. But the beft Muzzles for Winter or Summer are the Net-Muzzles; made of ftrong Packthread, and knit very thick and clofe in the bottom, ond then enlarged upwards to the middle of the Horfe's Head •, at which place they are bound about with a Tape, and have alfo a Loop and String, whereby they are faftned to the Horfe7S Head. The next Morning come to him before Day, if he be Handing on his Feet *, but if he be laid, by no means difturb him. Take a Quart of well-fifted Oats and rub between your Hands with fome ftrong Ale or Beer, but let not them be too moift for fear of Offence ; and when he hath eaten them, drefs and faddle him as formerly. Then being ready td go forth, dravv his Bridie-Rein over the top of the Rack, fo as you may draw his Head aloft. Then take a new laid Egg or two, and breaking them ia his Mouth, make him to fvvallow them down, wafh- ing his Mouth after it with a little Beer or Ale, and fo lead him out, not forgetting to provoke him to empty at the Door : Then mount and rack him gently to the Courfe, making him by the way to imell at every Horfe's Dung you fhall meet with. M J Whm 1^4 The Compleat Horfeman : or, When you are come within a Mile or there- abouts of the Starting-Poft, difmount and takeoff his Body-Cloth and Breaft- Cloth, and girt on the Saddle again! Then fending away your Groom with thofe Clothes, and the dry Rubbing-Clothes, let him ftay at the end of the Race till you come. This done, rack your Horfe gently up to the Start- ing-Pott, if there be any, making him fmell at it, that fo he may know the beginning and end of the Courfe. There ftart him roundly and fharply, and give him his Heat according to the following Di- rections. Some few, things td he obferved in giving of Heats. Firft, Two in a Week are fufficient for any Horfe. Secondly, That one of them fhould always be gi- ven on that Day of the Week on which your Horfe is to run his Match, and that alfo ftill to be the fharpeft for encreafing of his Swiftnefs \ the other being only a flow galloping over the Courfe, more to encreafe Wind and caufe Sweat, than to im- prove Speed. As fuppofe your Match is to be up- on a Monday then your Heating-Days muft be Mondays and Fridays, and the fharpcr Heat to be upon the Monday : If the Day be Tuesday, then luefdays and Saturdays : If Wednefday, then Wed- nefdays and Saturdays, by reafon of the Lord' s- Day : If Thurfdaysy the n * Tburf days and Monday s7 and fo of the reft. 'thirdly, You fhall give no Heat (but In cafe of necefTity) in Rain or foul Weather," but rather de- fer Hours and change Days; for it is unwholfome and dangerous. And therefore in cafe of fudden Showers and uncertain Weather, you fhall have for your Horfe a Hood lined quite thorow to keep out Part I. PerfeSl Farrier. 165 out the Rain \ nothing being more dangerous than cold Wet falling into the Ears, and upon the Nape of the Neck and Fillets. Fourthly^Give your Heats, (the Weather being fea* fonable) at the break of Day, but by no means in the Dark, as being unwholfome and dangerous. Fifthly, When you begin your Heat, ftart your Horfe roundly and fharply, at near a three-quarters Speed ; and if it be on the Day of the Week that his Match will fall on, then according to his Strength, goodnefs of Wind, and chearfulnefs of Spirit, run him the whole Courfe thorow ; and by- no means do any thing in extremity, or above his Wind ; but when you find him a little to yield, then draw a little, and give him eafe, that he may do all with Pleafure, and not with Anguifh : For this manner of training will make him take delight in his Labour. The other Heat in each Week mult be more gentle, the defign of it being only to en- creafe Wind and caufe Sweat, that fo the Scouring you are to give him after the Heat may have fomc loofe Greafe to work upon and bring away. You (hould therefore let him go over the Courfe at a flow and gentle Gallop ; for if both the Heatsr were fmart, the Horfe would not be able to hold out, there being fo fhort an Inter million between them for him to reft and recover his Vigour. Alfo in courfing you (hall obferve upon what ground he runs beft *, as whether Up-hill or Down-hill, upon Smooth Ground or Rough, Wet or Dry, a Level or Ground fomewhat rifing, that you may manage him for your Advantage. When you have finiftYd your Heat, and gently gallop'd him up and down (the Groom being rea- dy) ride him into fome warm Place or Corner, and M 3 with j 66 The Compleat Horfeman : or, with your Scraping-knife, made of a broken SworcU blade, or a thin piece of old hard Oak, fcrape off the Sweat from every Part (Buttocks excepted) un- til you can make no more arife, moving him a little now and then, left his Limbs become ftiff-, then with dry Clothes rub him all over \ take off his Saddle, and having fcrap'd his Back, and rubb'd it near dry, put on his Body-ClothandBreaft-Cloth, and girt on the Saddle again \ then mount and gal- lop him gently, now and then wiping his Head, ISJeck and Body as you fit upon his Back. Laft of all, walk him about the Fields to cool him *, and when you find him begin to dry apace, rack him home- wards, fometimes ftepping, fometimes galloping ;- But bring him not to the Stable till you find him throughly dry. When you are come to the Door, intice him to empty, then tie him to the Rack, and ("having prepared it your feif before, or at leaft one for you againft your coming) give him one of thefc Scourings following. Two excellent Scourings for Running Horfes \ either of qpfych may be fafely given after a Heat, to bring away molten Greafc, or other foulnefs in a Horffs Body* Take a Pint of Syrup of Rofes, or, for want of it, a Pint of ftrong honey'd Water, and diffolve into it of Caffia, Agarick, and Myrrh, of each an Ounce, ihaking them well together in a Glafs ^ then being mull'd and made warm npon a gentle Fire, and the Horfe newly come from his Heat, give It him lukewarm. Another. Take a Pjntpf Canary, Malaga, or Sherry, and (vulverizing an Ounce of the finefl: Rozin, put \t therein, which being incorporated, add to them m Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 1 6j fix Ounces of Oil-Olive, and two Ounces of brown Sugar-candy beaten to Powder, with an Ounce of the Juice of Savin, or Powder of Rhubarb, mix or brew all together, and warming it over a gentle Fire, give it the Horfe luke-warm. How to order him after his Scouring* As foon as you have given it to him, rub his Legs well, take off his Saddle, and if his Body be dry, run (lightly over it with a Curry-comb, then a Brulh •, and laftly rub him over very well with a dry Cloth, and cloath him up warm, throwing alio over him, if the Weather be cold, a loofe Blanket, Let him faft full two Hours after taking the Scour- ing ; and during that time go not out of the Stable, but keep him awake by making a noife, and ftirring him now and then. After he has fatted upon the Bridle two Hours; take a Handful of Wheat-ears, and coming to him, feel the Roots of his Ears, and under his Cloaths next to his Heart, and upon his Flanks •, and if you find any new Sweat arife, or Coldnefs, or that his Flank beat, or Breaft move faft, then forbear to give him any thing, it being a fign there is much Foulners ftirr'd up, on which the Scouring is work- ing with a conquering Quality, which makes him a little fick; fo that you lhall only take off his Bri- dle, put on his Collar, tofs up his Litter, and ab- fent your felf (the Stable being dark and quiet) for two Hours, which is commonly the longeft time- that Sicknefs will continue : But if you find uq fuch Indifpofition in him, then give him the Ears of Wheat three or four together *, and if he eat one handful give him another, and fo until he eat three or four Handfuls, but no more : Then drawing his Bridle and rubbing his Head well, give him a little Bundle of Hay well dufted 5 about an Hour M 4 afK$ 1 68 TheCompIeatHorfeman: or, after give him a Quart of clean Oats with two or three Handfuls of fplit Beans amongft them, and break alfo into them two or three Slices of Bread clean chip'd, and then leave him for two or three Hours. At Evening, before you drefs him, give him the like quantity of Oats, Beans and Bread, and when he hath eaten them, Bridle, Drefs, and Cloath him •, but you fhall not air him abroad this Evening, be- caufe the' Scouring yet working in his Body after the Heat, he mud not have any Water at all. Af- ter he is drefs'd and hath flood two Hours on his Bridle, give him three Pints of clean Oats warned in Beer and Ale, which will inwardly cool him as if he had drunk Water, and you are fure he can receive no prejudice by it. After he has eaten all his wafh'd Meat, and refted upon it a little fpace, you fhall at his Feeding times,which have been fpoken of before, with Oats and fplit Beans, or Oats and Bread, or all together, or each of them by it felf, according to the liking of the Horfe, feed him that Night in a plentiful manner, and leave a Knob of Hay in the Rack when you go to Bed. The next Day early, firft Feed, then Drefs, Cloath, Saddle, Air, Water, aqd bring him home as at .other times j only have a more careful Eye to |iis emptying, and obferve how his Greafe and Foulnefs wafteth. At his Feeding-times, feed him as was laft (hewed you, only very little Hay, and keep your Heating Days and the preparation the Day before, as hath been declared. Thus you fhall fpend the fecond Fortnight, in which your Horfe having received four Heats Horfeman- like given to him, with four Scourings, there is no doubt but his EJody will be inwardly clean. You fhall thereT fore thp next Fortnight order him according to th$ piredions following, fil Part I. FerfeSl Farrier. 1 69 The Third Fortnight's Feeding; The Third Fortnight you fhall make his Bread finer than it was formerly ^ as thus : The Second Bread. Take two Pecks of clean Beans, and two Pecks of fine Wheat, and grind them well together ^ then bolt and knead it up with Barm or Lightning, and make it up as you did the former Bread. With this Bread, having the Cruft clean cut away, and Oats and fplit Beans mix'd together, or feverally if you think fit, feed your Horfe at his ufual Meals, as formerly, only with thefe few di& ferences. Firft, you fhall not give the Heat which falleth upon the Day of the Week the Match is to be run upon, fo fmartly and violently as before, that he be not overftrained and made fore before the Match. Next you fhall not after his Heats give him any Scourings •, hut inftead thereof inftantly upon the end of his Heat, after he is a little cooled and cloathed up, and in the fame place where you rub him give him one of the following Balls as big as a Hen's Egg. The true Receipt for Mr. Markham'i famous Cordial Balls, fo much efieemed by the Generality of our, Englifh Farriers. Take Annifeeds, Cummin- feeds, Fenugreek- feeds, Carthamus-feeds , Elecampane- roots, and Coltsfoot, of each two Ounces, beaten and fear- ced very fine, as alfo two Ounces of the Flower of Brimftone. Then take an Ounce of the Juice of Liquorifh, and difTolve it on the Fire in half 3 Pint of 170 TheCompleat Horfeman: or of White-wine : Then take of the Chymical Oil of Annifeeds one Ounce, of Sallad-Oil, Honey, and Syrup of Sugar, or for want of it Moloffm, of each fealfaPint: mix all with the former Powders, and with as much fine Wheat-Flour as will bind and knit them together •, work them into a ftiff Pafte, which keep in a Gally-pot clofe covered, and give 25 you find occafion. If to prevent Sicknefs ; anoint a Ball all over with frefh Butter, and give it^iim as a Pill in the Morning falling ; Then ride him a little after it, or let him ftand upon his Bridle for an Hour* feeding and watering according to Cuftom -7 and do this three or four Mornings together. If for a Cough or violent Cold, or to fatten a Horfe, then give them for a Week together, or longer if needful. If your Hoffe has an inward rattling by reafbn of a Cold or Rheum, difiblve a Ball in a Pint of Sack, and give it him warm. Or if you difiblve it In warm Water, it will have the fame effeft, and fattens exceedingly. A Ball in the Morning before Travel will prevent his wearying too foon*, in the heat of Travel will refrefh his Spirits } and after Travel will recover Wearinefs and' prevent Sicknefs. The fourth and laft Fortnight's feeding. For the fourth and laft Fortnight you fhall mate jour Bread much finer than either of the former. The laft and fine ft Bread. Take three Pecks of fine Wheat, and one Peck of Beans, grind and bolt them through the fined; Bolter you can get •, then kiiead it up with new ftrong Ale and Barm beaten together, and the Whites of twenr ty Eggs or more, and jio Water at all, but infteac} * there- Part I. Perfeft Farrier. 171 thereof a fmall quantity of new Milk \ then work it up, bake, and order it as the former ; and with this Bread, having the Cruft firft cut away, clean Oats* and fplit Beans, all mixed or feveral, feed your Horfe at his ordinary Feeding-times, as you did in the Fortnight before : Only you fhall obferve thefe few Dire&ions following. Firft, you fhall keep your Heating-Days the firft Week of this Fortnight •, but the fecond or laffc Week you fhall forbear one heat, and, not give your Horfe any, five Days before his Match, but inftcad thereof long and ftrong Airings and Water-courfes, to keep him in Wind. You need not in this Fortnight to give him any Scouring at all : And if Morning and Evening you burn Frankincenfe in the Stable, it is wholefome for the Horfe, and he will delight therein. In this Fortnight, when you give him any wafh'd Meat, wafh it not in Ale or Beer, but in the Whites of Eggs or Muskadine, being morewholfome and lefs purfey. This Fortnight give him no Hay, but what he takes out of your Hand after his Heats, and that but in little quantity and clean dulled. The laft Week of this Fortnight, if he be a foul Feeder, you muft ufe the Muzzle continually : But if he be a clean Feeder, and will touch no Litter, then three Days before the Match is fufficient. On the Morning the Day before your Match,' feed well before and after Watering and Airing ; and water as at other times before Noon; and after Noon diminifh his Portion of Meat a little. Before and after Evening Airing, feed as aft Noon, and water as at other times ; but be lure to come home before Sun-fet. This Evening you are to trim and flioe your Horfe, taking care not to hinder his Feeding, nor to interrupt his Reft : For I have heard Horfe-' pen fay, that when they had fhod their Horfes 172 The Compleat Horfeman: cry with light Shoes or Plates, the Night before the Courfe, their Horfes have taken fuch notice there- of, that they would neither eat what they gave them, nor lie down to take any reft all the Night following : But a Horfe muft be old and long ex- perienced in this Exercife to make fuch fubtil Obfer- vations. However, I advife that things of neceflity be done upon this Day, rather than upon the Mor- ning of the Courfe, becaufe on that Morning he fhould have nothing to trouhle him. Late at 'Night feed as you did in the Evening, and give him what he likes belt, according to his Stomach, only as little Bread and Beans as poflible ; then putting on his Muzzle, and toffing up his Lit- ter, leave him quiet till next Morning. The next Morning (being that of the Match Day) come to him before Day, take off his Muzzle, rub his Head well, and give him a pretty quantity of Oats wafhed in Muskadine if he will eat them, or elfe in the Whites of Eggs. If he refufe both, then try him with fine drefs'd Oats, dry, and mix'd with a little Wheat : After he hath eaten them, if he be a flow Emptier, walk him abroad, and in the places where he ufed to empty, there entice Mm to it, which, as foon as he hath done, bring Iiim home, put on his Muzzle, and let him reft until you have warning to make ready. But if he te a free Emptier, then you need not ftir him, but let him lie quiet. When you have warning to make ready, take off his Muzzle, and having wafhed his Snaffle in a little Muskadine, bridle him up. But before you bridle him, if you think him too empty, give him three or four mouthfuls of the wafh'd Meat laft fpoken of. Then bridle up and drefs him. Afterwards pitch- ing your Saddle and Girths with Shoemaker s-Wax^ fct it on his Back and girt it gently, fo that he may only feel the Girths, but have no ftrakncft : Then Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 173 lay a clean Sheet over the Saddle, and ©ver-klus ordinary Cloaths, then his Body-Cloth and Breaft- Cloth, and wifp him round with foft Wifps. And being ready to draw out, give him half a Pint of the belt Muskadine in a Horn, and fo lead him away. In all your leading, ufe gentle and calm motions, fufFering him to fmell upon any Dung, and where you find Rufhes, long Grafs, Heath, or the like, walk in, and entice him to Pifs *, but if you find no fuch help, then in fome certain places where you lead him, and efpecially near to the place where you are to mount ; and having accuftomed him to it before, break fome of the Straw where- with he is wifped, under him •, and thus intke him, if you can, to Stale or Pifs \ and if any white or thick Foam or Froth arife about his Mouth, with a clean Handkerchief, wipe it away \ and carrying a Bottle of clean Water about you, wafhhis Mouth now and then with it* When you are come to the Place of Starting, be- fore you uncloath the Horfe, rub and chafe his Legs well, then pick his Feet, and wafh his Mouth with Water, mount his Rider, and having adjufted his Stirrups, let him walk him foftly to the Starts ing-Poft, and there ftarting fair, let him run him to the belt Advantage. Some vfeful Obfervations while a Horfe is frefaring for a Match. ) If his Dung be neither fo thin that it will run, nor fo thick but that it will a little flatten on the Ground, and of a pale yellow colour, then is the Horfe clean and well fed. If in round Pellets, and blackifh or brown, it fhews inward Heat. If creafy, it fhews foulnefs. If red and hard, then Ee hath had too ftrong Keats, and Coftivenefs will follow. 174 TbeCotttpleat Horfeman: ory follow. If it he pale and loofe, it ihews inward coldnefs of Body, or too moid feeding. If his Urine he 6f a pale yellowifh colour, rather thick than thin, and of a flrong Smell, it fhews Health. If it be of a high Complexion, clear and tranfparent, like old March- Beer •, than is he in- flamed in his Body, and hath jaken forrie Surfeit. If it be like Blood, or inclining to Blood, he hath had too fore Heats, been over-ridden, or ridden too early after Winter-Grafs. If green, it fhews a Confumption of the Body. If with bloody Streaks, an Ulcer in the Kidneys. If black, thick, and cloudy, it prefages Death. If he fweat ftanding (till in the Stable j or walking a Foot-pace, or the like; or if his Sweat be white and frothy, like Soap-fuds, then is he foul and wants Exercife. But if the Sweat be black, and as it were only Water thrown upon him, then is he lufty and in good cafe. Altho' I have given no Directions for Watering In the Evening after a Heat, yet you may in the three laft Fortnights (finding your Horfe clean, and the Greafe quite confumed) fomewhat late at Night give him a reafonable quantity of Water made Milk-warm, and falling about an Hour after it. Alfo if the Weather be unfeafonable, you fhall at your Watering- Hours, water in the Houfe with warm Water, throwing into it a handful of Wheat- Bran, or Oat-meal, but Oat-meal is the belt. C2HAP; Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. \j$ CHAP. XLIII. Of Ambling. THere are many different Methods uled ia teaching Horfes to Amble •, fuch as Ambling by the help of a plowed Field *, by Weights ; by Hinder-Shoes, with long Spurs or Plates at the Toes $ by the help of fine Lifts, &c all of which are defective, and have great Inconveniences attending them- I ihall therefore ftiew you the trueft and ealieS way to make a Horfe to Amble, which is this. Mount his Back, and try with your Hand, by a gentle and deliberate Racking, and preffing of the Horfe forward, by helping him in the Weeks of his Mouth with your Snaffle (which mull be fmoothj big, and full) and correcting him firft on one fide, then on the other with the Calves of your Legs, and fometimes with the Spur. Now if you can make him of himfelf to ftrike into an Amble, iho* fhuffling and diforderly, there will be much labour faved. But if you find he can by no means appre- hend the Motion you delign to teach him, ftruggle not with him, but make ufe of the Tramel in maa- ner following. The Form of the Tramel. Firft, for the Side-Ropes, they muft be made of thebeft, fineft, and ftrongeft Pack-thread, twifted by the Rope-maker into a ftrong Cord/ not above the bignefs of a fmall Jack-line, with a Noofe or Loop at each end, fo ftrong as is poffiblc to be made. Neither muft they be twifted too hard, but gently, and with a yielding quality, for that will bring on the motion more eefily, and keep the Tramel 176 The CotitpleM Horf email : or, Tramel from breaking. Now thefe Side- Ropes muft be juft thirty fix Inches in length for a Horfe of an ordinary Stature, and longer or fhorter accord- ing to the Size of the Horfe, Secondly, The Hofe, which muft be placed in the fmall of the Fore- Leg, and the fmall of the Hinder- Leg, above the Pattern- Joints, they muft be made of fine, loft, and pliant Girt- Web, lin'd with double Cotton : Over the Girt- Web muft be fafteii'd ftrong Tabs of white Neats- Leather well tallow'd, and fuited to an even Length, and ftamp'd with Holes at equal diftance, which Tabs fhall pafs through the Koofes of the Side-Ropes, and be made longer or Ihorter at pleafure with very ftrong Buckles, and which Hofe are to be made faft about the Horfe's Legs with fmall Buckles. Now thefe Hofe of Girt Ihould be four Inches in length, and the long Tabs withe the large Buckles ten. thirdly, The Back-band being of no other ufe but to bear up the Side Ropes, fhould ( if you tra- mel all four Legs) be made of fine Girt- Web, lined with Cotton ; but if you tramel only one fide, then an ordinary Tape will ferve, being fure that it carries the Side- Ropes in an even Line, without rifmg or falling ; for if it rife, it fhortens the Side- Rope *, and if it falls, it endangers tangling. In fliort, the Side-Ropes muft be firm, without yielding a jot ; the Hofe muft be foft, lie clofe, and not move from their firft place •, and the Back-band muft be fiat, light, and fo defended from the Fillets that it may not gall. Having brought your Horfe into an even fmooth Path, having the Hofe made faft about his Legs, untie the long Tabs of the near Fore- Leg, and the near Hinder-Leg, then put to them the Side- Rope, and fee that he ftand without ftraitnihg or enlarging his natural (ituation, and in that even and juft length ftay the Side-Rope by a fmall Tape faften'd up Part I. PerfeSl Farrier] \yj up to the Saddle : Then with your Hand on the Bridle, ftraitning and pulling his Head, pat him gently forward ; and? if need be, have the help of a By-ftander to put him forward alfo, and fo force him to Amble up and down the Road, with all the gentlenefs you can, fuffering him to take his own leifure •, and tho' he fnapper, or Humble, or per- haps fall now and then, yet it matters not : Do you only ftay his Head, give him leave to rife, and with all gentlenefs put him forward again. And that this may be done with the more eafe and lefs amazement to the Horfe, it is not amifs (at his firft: Tramelling) to give your Side-Ropes more length than ordinary, that the Twitches may be lefs fudden, and, the Motion coming more gently, the Hprfe may fooner apprehend it. But as foon as he comes to a little Perfe&ion, then put the Side-Ropes to their true length \ for an Inch too long is a Foot too flow in the Pace •, and an Inch too fhort, caufes rowling, twitching-up of the Legs, and indeed a kind of plain halting. When the Horfe will thus Amble in your Hand perfeftly, being Tramelled on one fide, you fhall then change it to the other fide, and fo from one fide to another, till with the Half-Tramel he will run and Amble in your Hand without fnappering or Humbling, both readily and fwiftly. When this is attained to, which, if he be tradable, cannot be above two or three Hours labour, you may then put on the whole Tramel, with the broad, flat, Back-band, tramelling both fides equally, and fo run him in your Hand along the Road, at the utmoft length of the Bridle \ then paufe, cherifh, and to it again •, and when he is perfed in this, then put him upon rough ways, where there are Clots, hoi- lownefs, and falfe Treading. When he is thus perfedt in Hand, fet a Boy of Groom upon his Back, making the Horfe to Arable 178 The Cdmpleat Horfeman : or, under him, whilft you lead and flay his Head td prevent danger, or to fee how he ftrikes. Then mount your felf^ and with all gentlenefs increafe his Pace more arid more, till yon come to Perfe- ction. And as you did before in Hand, fo do now on his Back, firft with theHalf-Tramel, then with the whole, and change from one fide to another, and alfo alter Grounds -7 and this you mult do twice of thrice a Day. When you have brought him to Perfection, you may take away the Tramel and exercife him with- out it} but let it be done upon the High-way, and not in a private fmooth Road, which affords but a cofeningPace, and will be left upon every fmall wearinefs : Therefore pace him on the High-way, three, four, or five Miles in a Morning, and if you find him willing to forfake his Pace, put on the Half- Tramel again. C H A P. Part I. PerfeB Farrier. ij$ CHAP. XLV. Of the Vices in Horfes, and how to prevent, cor- recJ$ and remedy them* TF your Horfe carry his Head and Neck awry^ X obferve to which fide he inclines it, and ftrike him twice or thrice with the contrary Spur : But if he be very ftifF- necked on the right- fide, and plying or bending on the left, then hold the right Rein fhorter than the other, and when you perceive him to incline that way, give him fudden checks, having a fharp Wire faften'd in the P.ein, that ftriking in his Neck, he may be obliged to hold it ftraight, ob- ferving to check him upwards, left he get a habit of ducking down his Head. If your Horfe duck down his Head, check hint fuddenly with the Bridle, and ftrike him with the Spurs, that he may be fenfible of his Fault. If he be ftanding, make him bring his Head into its right place, as he ftands; if going, let it be whilft he is moving ; and when he obeys, be fure to cherifh him, and he will foon underftand the meaning. If your Horfe be fubjeft, upon the leaft occafiOfl^ to make his Head and Ears, or move the latter when he intends to kick, or bite, or caft you, ftrike him on the Head with your Wand, and at the lame time give him a check with your Bridle, and a ftroke with your contrary Spur, putting him fuddenly out of his Pace, and then make him ftop, that he may have leifure to underftand your meaning ^ and the like do when he ftarts, or when he winches^ which is a fign of his intending to bite, or ftrike with his Heels. If he be Refty, that is, will not go forwards, the wav then is to pull him backwards, and perhaps N 2 \\% 1S0 The CowpteatHorJewan : ory he will then go forwards •, this feldom fails : But if it (hould, then make ufe of your Spurs to the pur- pose, and let another Perfon on Foot whip him for- ward ; and altho' he rebel a long time, the Whip and Spurs will perfwade him at laft, if they be given fharply, foundly, and in time ; and when once you begin, you rauft continue them until he yield ^ pro- vided it proceeds from Stubbornnefs, and not from Fainting or Sicknefs. If he rears an end, that is, rifes fo high before, as to endanger his coming over upon his Rider, you muft give him the Bridle, and leaning forward with your whole weight, give him both your Spurs as he is falling down •, but Spur him not as he is rifing, for that may caufe him to come over upon you. If he be apt to fall down ufon the Ground, or in the Water, nothing better than a pair of good Spurs, applied as foon as you perceive him going about it, Which will put him from thinking more of it : But if he defifts, then correct him no more at that time : For bad Horfemen are the caufe of moft of thefe Vices, by correcting out of time, whereby they are fo far from making a Horfe fenfible of his Fault, that they fright and put him into confufion, and make him at laft become Refty. If he be apt to run away, you muft get a gentle Bitt, with a flack Curb, and keeping a gentle and eafie Bridle-hand, firft walk him without [flopping* but only flaying him upon the Hand by little and little, and then Trot him a while, and put him again from a Trot to a Walk, flaying him by degrees, and always cherilhing him when he obeys you. When you find him thus far peaceable, put him from his Trot to a gentle Gallop, and from that to a Trot, and from a Trot to a Walk, flaying him by degrees with a gentle hand, and ufing this method for a while with Patience and Judgment,, you may probably prevent his running away. Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 1 8 1 But fuppofe he do run away, what is to be done then ? For it is certain, that the more you pull the Bridle-Reins and hurt him, by ftraitning the Curb, the more he will pull, and run the fafter. In this cafe, if you have Field-room, when ever you find him begin to run, let him go, by flackning the Bridle, and giving him the Spurs, continually, iharply, and foundly, until he begin to flack of his own accord \ and ufing him in this manner when- ever he runs away with you, I dare undertake that at laft you will cure him, there being no Remedy like this for a Run-away Horfe. If your Horfe be skittifh and apt to ftart, fo that you are never free from danger whilft on his Back \ if it proceed from a weak Sight, whereby Things are reprefented to him otherwife than they are, give him Time to view them well, and then ride him up gently to them. But if he be naturally fearful, and apt to ftart at the hearing of any ftrange Sounds, you muft accuftom him to the Noife of Guns, Drums, and Trumpets, and in Time he will take delight in them. Nj $ A Compendious TREATISE O F T H E &rt of 3&itmt0* Colle&ed from the beft Mo- dern Writers on this Subjed. ### ^ LONDON: Printed in the Year MDCCXVIf, L THE PREFACE YOU have in the preceding Part^ all that any Gentleman needs to know either as to Buying, Keeping, Shoeing, Bitting, and Breeding, all kinds of Hor* fes^ for "whatsoever Service they are de- figned. (But there being little or nothing of the Art of Riding contained in it> I have annexed to it the following Treatife of Horfemanftiip, collected from the Duke of Newcaftle^ASVr William Hope, and the beU modern Writers on this Subjeft. The defign of the enfuing Treatife is not to inftruit fuch who were never inttu ated in the Art of Horfemanfhip : No Reading in the World being capable to make a Man Majler of any Practical Art, The Preface. Art, without having fir ft had fome Ex- perience in it. But as it is not intended for Terjons altogether ignorant of Riding, fo I dare be hid to promife a great deal ofSuccefs to fuch as (hall diligently pr a* dife thefe Directions : which is all that can be reafonably expeBed from the be ft Book that can be written upon any Pra- ctical Art whatfoever* AConv i«me Horiel A? Plat e 4 Cliajjxi , of '$up i87 A Compendious Treatife of the Art of RIDING. CHAP. I. Of what Stature and Age a Horfe Jbould be that is designed, for the Manage. HOrfesof a middle fize have commonly moft Strength, Spirit, and Agility, and not one in a hundred but proves good *, when of large Horfes not one in a thoufand. Make choice therefore of a fhort trufTed Horfe, well coupled, with good Feet and Legs, lively, full of Spirit and A&ion. And altho' great Mailers fay, that if a Horfe have a great Head, thick Neck, and flefhy Shoulders, he will be hard on the Hand ', yet the Duke of Ntxs- caftle obferves,that he had known more Thick- Heads, Nech, and Shoulders, to be light on the Hand, than he had known of fine fiaped and fiender Fore- Hands, and that 'tis neither the one nor the other that cau- fes it, but meerly the ftrength of his Chine* For if a Horfe that hath a great Head, thick Neck, and flefhy Shoulders, have alfo a good Chine, he will be light on the hand : Provided there be no Imperfe- ction in his Legs or Feet, efpecially Before, for then he will lean on the Hand, to eafe the grief of his Legs : And the Farrier mult cure him and not the Horfeman. For the Art of Riding will not make a lame Horfe found. A3 i S8 The Comphat Horfeman : ory As to the Age moft proper to begin to work a Horfe for the Manage, let him not be too young : Not only becaufe his Under Handing (if we may fo call it) is not yet come to him, but alfo that a Horfe of three Years old, being but a Griftle, fre- quent flops and going back, will fpoil him, by (train- ing his Back, and ftreffing his Hammes. Kay, altho* your Horfe be fix, feven, or eight Years old, you fhould not ride him above once a Day : For a Horfe being Flefh and Blood, cannot endure fo much La- bour with fo little Reft \ and no Exercife is more violent for a Horfe than the Manage : And if you ride him twice in one Day, he will not recover it In two or three : For if he oppofe his Rider, which all Horfes will do at firft, you muft correct him foundly, and ride him fo long until he obey you in fbme fmall meafure -7 and by that time you will have rid him fo violently and fo long, that he will hardly be fit for Riding next Morning, much lefs to be rid any more that Day. Nor can you ever give him his Meat, Water, or Reft in order •, the want of which muft make him fick, and fubjecl: to many Difeafes. Whereas if you ride him moderately, and when you find him to obey you, then to take but a little of him that Morning, that he may be incouraged to do the fame again, he will then be lively and vigorous, take: pleafure in you and the Manage^ and learn more in one Month, riding him but once a Day, than he ftiall do in three, riding him twice* CHAP, jPartl. Per ftB Farrier. 18^ CHAP. II. A Defer ipion of the Natural Paces of a Horfe. NO Man can make a Horfe to go perfe&ly ia Ayres or Artificial Motions, unlefs he firft ex- actly underftand the Natural Paces or Motions of a Horfe's Legs, which are three, viz,, a Walk, a Trot, and a Gallop : To which may be added an Amble, be- caufe fome HoiTes naturally have it, and fuch are commonly the fwifteft Amblers of any. And firft, Of the Walk. In a Walk a Horfe lifts two Legs of a fide, one after the other, beginning with a Hind-Leg firft ; as if he lead with the Legs of his right fide, then the firft Foot helifteth, is his far Hind-Foot, and in the time he is fetting it down (which in a Step is al- ways fhort of the Tread of his Fore-Foot upon the fame fide) he lifteth his far Fore-Foot, and fetteth it down before his near Fore-Foot : Again, juft as he is fetting down his far Fore-Foot, he lifts his war Hind-Foot, and fets it down again juft fhort of his near Fore-Foot, and juft as he is fetting it down, he lifts his near Fore-Foot, and fets it down before his far Fore-Foot. And this is the true Motion of a Horfe's Legs upon his Walk. Of the Amble. The difference between a Walk and an Amble is only this, that ia> a Walk he lifts two Legs of a fide one after the other, whereas in the Amble two Legs of a fide are raifed at the very fame time. For If your Horfe be Walking, and you would have him to Amble* 190 The Cample at Horfeman : or. Amble, you mult ftay him well upon the Hand, and work him forwards with the Calves of your Legs, one after the other, and thereby force him to fet down the Fore-Foot of that fide wherewith he leads, fooner than otherwife he would, which makes it juft to anfwer the motion of the Hind- Leg of that fide : As for example, if he lead with the Far-fide, herernoves his Hind-Leg and Fore- Leg of the fame fide atone time, whilft the other two Legs of the Near- fide ftand ftill, which is two of a fide in the Air, and two upon the Ground at the fame time. See Plate 5. Fig- 9. Of the Trot. A Trot is two Legs in the Air and two upon (the Ground at the fame time crofs-wife, or in the form of a St. Andrew's Crofs. And as in the Amble you ftaid your Horfe upon the Hand, and prelfed bim forwards with the Calves of your Legs one after the other, fo on the contrary, if your Horfe be Walk- ing and you would have him to Trot, you muft flack your Bridle-hand, and prefs him on with both your Calves at one and the fame time, which will force him to advance the Hind-Leg of the fide wherewith he did not lead, fooner than otherwife he would, and fo move at the very fame time with the Fore- Leg of that fide wherewith he began to lead \ which is the true a&ion of the Trot, that is Hind-Leg of one fide,, and Fore-Leg of the other at one and the fame time. Of the Gallop. A Horfe in Galloping ftraight forwards, may lead with which Fore Leg he pleafeth, altho' Horfes do it mod commonly with their right Fore- Leg: But with whatever Fore-Leg they lead, the Hind-Leg of PartL PerfeSt Farrier. jpt of the fame fide mud follow it, otherwife their Legs are faid to be difunited. To bring a Horfe's Legs right which are difunited, you mull flay him a little upon the hand, and help him with the Spur on the contrary fide to that in which he is difunited : For example, If he be dis- united on the right fide, help him with the left Spur ; and if he be difunited upon the left fide, then unite him with the right Spur, by {laying him, as I jaid, a little upon the hand, and alfo helping him at the fame time with the Calves of your Legs. Altho' in Galloping ftraight forwards a Horfe may lead with which Fore- Leg he pleafes, yet in a Grcle he is confined to lead always with his Fore-Leg within the Turn, otherwife he is faid to gallop/*//*', but in both cafes the Hind-Leg of the fame fide mull always follow. And thus much of the Natural Paces. CHAP. III. Of all the Artificial Motions which a Horfe can make* TH E Artificial Motions are feven, viz.. Terra a Terra, a. Demy- Air or Demy-Volt., a Corvet, a Capriole , a Croupade, a Balotade, and a Step and a Leapy of all which in order. Terra a Terra is nothing elfe but a fhort and preft Gallop with the Croup in, in which a Horfe's Legs do move more quick than in an ordinary Gallop, and mark but two times, as Pa, Ta, and not four as in the Gallop. See Plate 5. Fig. 2. A Demy- Air or Demy-Volt is an Air in which the Fore-parts of the Horfe are more raifed than in Ter- ra a Terra : Alio the motion of the Horfe's Legs is more quick in Terra a Terra than in the Demy- Volt. A ip2 T/;e Compleat Horfeman : ory A Corvet is an Air wherein the Horfe's Legs arc yet more raifed than in the Demy-Volts^ being a kind of Leap-up and a little forwards, wherein the Horfe raifeth both his Fore-Legs at once, equally advanced, (that is when he is going ftraight forwards, and not in a Circle) and as his Fore- Legs are falling, he imme- diately raifes his Hind-Legs as he did the Fore7 that is, equally advanced, and not one before the other, fo that all his four Legs are in the Air at once, and as he fets them down he marks but two times with them. See Plate 5. Fig. 9. A Capriole is when a Horfe at the full heighth of his Leap yerks or ftrikes out his Hind-Legs as near and even together, and as far out as ever he can ftretch them, in which Action he makes a noife or Claque with them. See Plate 5. Fig. j. A Croupade is a Leap, where the Horfe pulls up his Hind-Legs, as if he drew them up to his Belly, See Plate 5. Fig. 8. A Balotade is a Leap wherein the Horfe offers to ftrike out with his Hind-Legs but doth it not, only making an offer, and (hewing the Shoes of his Hind- Feet, but does not ftrike. Of thefe three laft Leaps the Capriole is molt efteemed, being the moft per- fect Leap of all. A Step and a Leap is as it were three Airs \ the Pace or Step is Terra a Terra, the railing is a Corvet9 and then the Leap finiihes it. CHAPo Parti. PerfeSi Farrier. 193 CHAP. IV. Of the true Seat a Man fbould keep on HorfebacL BEfore you come to pra&ife the Artificial Mo- tions of the laft Chapter, it will be neceflary that you ihould understand a true Seat, without which it will be impoflible to perform any of them well; Firft then, approaching your Horfe's left Shoul- der, obferve if the Bridle be well placed in his Mouth, the Curb right, and Girts faft, and every thing in good order ; then taking the Reins of the Bridle in your left Hand, together with the Pom- mel of the Saddle, or a Lock of his Mane, lay your right Hand faft upon the hinder Part of the Saddle* and placing your felf eafily in the middle of the Saddle, you muft fit upon your Twift, advancing your Belly towards the Pommel as much as you can *, keep your Shoulders a little backward, your Legs ftraight down, as if you were on Foot, and your Thighs and Knees turned inward, griping faft with both; plant your Feet firmly in.the Stirrups, and keep them almoft parallel to the Horfe's Sides, your Heels a little lower than your Toes, which Ihould not pafs thorough the Stirrups above two Inches } your Hammes ft iff", and Legs not far from the Horfe's Sides, nor yet fo near as to touch them* The Reins of the Bridle being, as I faid, in your left Hand, your Thumb upon them, and little Fin- ger feparating them, your Elbows a little diftance from your Body, the Bridie-Hand juft over the Neck of the Horfe, and about three Fingers above the Pommel, and two before it. O Whea i c? 4 The Compledt Uorfemari : ory When a Horfe makes any rude Motion, you rauft oppofe it by a&ing quite contrary to what he doth : That is, you mull meet that which comes to you : As for Example, If the Horfe rifes before, then you muft incline your Body a little forward to him : In like manner, if the Horfe ftrike out behind, or raifes his Croup, you muft put your Body back- ward, which is contrary to the Horfe's Motion •, for did you follow the Horfe, you would put your Bo- dy forward, and fo be in danger of being thrown. The beft way therefore is to fit ftraight as much as pofTible, and then the Action of the Horfe will keep you upon your Twift. CHAP. V. The true Method of fueling a Horfe's Shoulders y or frjl riding him upon Circles. TO make a Horfe obey the Hand and Heel of his Rider, is the only Aim of the whole Art of Horfemanfhip ; and to make him obey your Hand, you muft firft fupple his Shoulders. Now it is always the inward Rein of the Cavezon, and inward Leg of the Rider, with the outward Rein of the Bridle which doth this: Therefore praclife your Horfe upon this Leflbn of the Cavezon's Rein and Leg of a Side, until you find him very fupple and eafie to turn, and alfo very light. This muft be done upon large Circles, of one Pifte or Tread : But I fhall firft fhew you how to fix your Cavezon. Take one of the Reins of your Cavezon (which is alfo to have a Headftal and Chaulband) which muft be of a good Length, with a Ring at one End of it j through which draw the other End of the Rein, until you make a No/>fe or Loop at the End of Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. X95 of the Rein next to the Ring, which Loop put over the Pommel of the Saddle, making the reft of the Rein to come down between your Thigh, and the Fore-boifter of the Saddle, and then put the reft of the Rein through the Ring of the Cavezon upon that fame fide, and bring the end of it back again towards you, either to hold in yonr Hand (which I would always advife you to do, fo long as you are fuppling of a Horfe's Shoulders) or to faften with a Buckle to the Pommel of the Saddle, there to re- main fixt, fo long as you intend to ride him to that hand upon which the Rein of the Cavezon is made fait \ and when you have done with riding him to that hand, do the fame with the Rein upon the other fide. Your Cavezon being thus ordered, and the Reins of the Bridle in your Left Hand, if you go to the Right, pull with your Right Hand the inward Rein of the Cavezon low, and towards your Knee, within the Volt or Circle, helping him alfo with your Leg within the Turn, to bring in his outward Shoulder, which is Rein and Leg of a Side } and this is to be done fir ft upon a Step, the Bridle-hand fomewhat low, and a little upon the Infide of the Horfe's Neck ♦, but now and then you muft carry it upon the Outfide, and then immediately bring it again to its place, which is a little upon the Infide \ afterwards again place it upon the Outfide as you fhill find occalion for it : Now this pulling of the inward Rein of the Cavezon, and helping alfo with the inward Leg or Spur, giveth a Horfe a good Plye^ and akho' the principal aid of the Bridle mould be always with the outward Rein, which is to carry the Hand a little upon the Infide of his Neck, yet the inward Rein is alfo made ufe of (which is to carry the Bridle-hand upon the Outfide of his Neck) to enlarge the Circle, and prevent a Etfrfe's ftraitning or doling it too much. It alfo O 2 give* \$6 the Com fie at Hoy fern an: or, gives him an|Appuy,by making him endure the Bitt, for this makes it both work upon his^ars and Places of the Curb, If you continue a little upon a Step, this Lefibn of Rein and Leg upon a Side, you will find your Horfe to grow eafy upon it, which will prepare him for a good Trot, and to gallop large upon Circles of one Pifte or Tread, his Croup always out, which will fupple his Shoulders extreamly, efpecially that with- out the Turn, fo that it may pafs for the beft of all Leflbns *, the fuppling of the Shoulders being the Foundation of a good Manage, and that which all good Horfemen fhould at firft chiefly aim at. However, the working thus with Rein and Leg of a Side, the Horfe's Croup out, doth at firft put a Horfe very much upon his Shoulders, and makes him alfo to prefs a little too hard upon the Bit •, but in five or fix Days riding he will be no more upon his Shoulders, but upon the contrary, he will begin to ply his Haunches, and endure to be kept upon them, if you fupport him a little with the Bridle, and ftay him upon the Hand now and then, and immediately flack it again. You muft alfo know, that in performing this Lefibn, if you do not bring in the Horfe's outward Shoulder with it, you do nothing- and therefore to bring it in, you muft caufe the inward Shoulder to come back within the Turn, as it were towards you, that fo it may be prefTed, and carry the whole Weight of the Fore- parts of the Horfe, while at the fume time the outward Shoulder is at liberty, that it may fupple •, fo that altho' you are now and then to carry your Bridle-hand without his Neck, yet you muft immediately replace it again within, and work with the outward Rein of the Bridle, that you may bring in his outward Shoulder *, for if a Horfe's Shoulders be not very eaile and fupple, it will not only be a means to make him refift and defend him- felf Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. ipj felf againft you, but it will alfo make him uncapa- ble to perform any thing in the Manage as he ought, and nothing doth more fupple them than this Leflbn of Rein and Leg of a Side with the Ca- vezon. Now if you perform this Leflbn exa&ly, the Horfe's Hind-Legs will make two Circles confidera- bly larger than thofe made by his Fore \ and altho5 his Croup be very much out7 and that he inclines and leans fo very much upon his Infide, as may make you apprehenfive that he will fall, yet it is fo much the better, and he goeth alfo fo much the more fecure ; therefore give him no other LefTort than this upon the Trot and Gallop, either in large or narrow Circles, until his Shoulders be well fup- pled, and that you find him gallop light : But do not begin to gallop him until you find him fo light and ready, that he offer to gallop of his own accord, when he is trotting after this manner^ and ufing this Method, you (hall firft fupple him upon a Walk, next upon a Trot, and then upon a Gallop. See Plate 4. Fig. 6. But there the Cavezon's inward Rein is pulled high, and crofs the Horfe'sNeck as it were, and not low towards the Knee, and therefore is more proper for a lhortTrot than fuppling of the Shoulders, altho' it be very good for both. Now what hath been faid of going to the Right Hand, may be eafily applied to going upon the Left, the Pifference being only this, that you mult hold your Bridle with your Right Hand, and pull the Cave** von's inward Rein with the Left. O3 CHAPJ fett!ed upon the Hand \ for indeed the railing of a Horfe' before, or upon Pefate>5 fhould be one of the Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. ipp the laft things a Man fhould teach his Horfe, or he may happen to fpoil him. See PUte 4. Fig. 7. If you would have your Horfe go back upon a ftraight Line, then leaning back a little with your Body, and flacking your Thighs, pull equally both the Reins of the Cavezon, one being in each hand very ftrongly, to fee if you can force him back but one (ingle Sep or two at firft *, for if you can bring him to perform that, he will in a fhort time do more \ but if he altogether oppofe you, by fixing his Fore-Legs upon the Ground, and remaining im- movable as a Rock, then pull hard the Reins of the Cavezon one after the other, as if you were fawing of Wood, and this perhaps will make him yield to you. But if notwithstanding this he ftill refill you, then it is a (ign his Shoulders are not yet fupplee- nough for it, therefore cantinue to fupple them yet better, and then he will certainly comply with you. Thus you mull do to make your Horfe go back in a ftraight Line, which is the molt ufeful ; but if you would make him go back in a Circle, then make ufe of the inward Rein of the Cavezon, and out- ward Leg, juft as you was ordered to do upon a Stop, and fo make him go back in a Round, which will help alfo to put him upon, his Haunches. Note, That although 1 advifed you to make but gentle Stops at the Beginning, yet I do not fay the fame of going back, becaufe the fooner you accuftom him to go back, the fooner will he be put upon his Haunches. After you have fuppled his Shoulders fufficiently, and you ftill find him hard on the Hand, by not being upon his Haunches, thfcn trot him upon large Circles of one Pifte or Tread, of at lea ft twenty four or thirty Foot Diameter, and ftop him often with pretty hard Stops, helping him always with your outward Leg, to bring in his outward Haunch \ and your Shoulders and Body a little back, ftop him O 4 thus aoo the Compleat Horfe wan : or, thus when he leaft thinks* of it: But if he incline toftop of himfelf, then prefs him forward without flopping of him, and then upon a fudden flop him again when he is not expe&ing it. Repeat this of- ten upon the Trot and Gallop, which will both fettle him on the Hand, and put him upon his Haunches: But after you have gained this Point, you mud not pra&ife this LefTon fo frequently as before, becaufe it pinches a Horfe too much on the Back, and makes him afraid to go frankly forwards : Therefore your Difcretion muft guide you, and, as I have told you, you muft accuftom him toftop upon a Walk and Trot before you adventure to flop him upon a Gallop, otherwife you may pinch his Reins, ftrain his Back- Sinews, and make him utterly to difgufc the Manage. CHAR VII. How to make a Horfe fenfible and obedient to the Heels , or to art fiver exactly the Spurs. T TAving in the two preceding Chapters fhewn 11 you how to work and fupple a Horfe's Shoul- ders, with the Cavezon Rein in your Hand, and not tied to the Pommel of the Saddle, which is the better Half of your Work \ 1 will now teach the other Half, which is to make him obey your Heels, and to work Shoulders and Croup together, the Cavezon's inward Rein being ftill kept in your Hand, and not tied to the Pommel. Pull the inward Rein of the Cavezon with your Hand to bring in bis outward Shoulder, and prefs him upon the Infide of the Turn, that his Legs with- out the Turn may be at Liberty to lap over his in- ward Legs, which is called by Horfemen ?a]fagirj£9 and is performed for the molt part with the outward Reia Parti. PerfeSt Farrier. 201 Rein of the Bridle, and outward Leg, that fo a Horfe's Legs may have the more liberty to lap the one over the other, however the inward Rein is fometimes to be made life of to flay him, if his Shoulders go too far before his Croup. The firft Leflbn you fhall give him upon Paffaging, muflbe with his Head to a Wall or Pallifade, pulling the in- wardRein of the Cavezon, to whatever Hand you are going, hard to you, and helping at the fame time with your outward Leg, to make him go fide- ways, and with the half of his Shoulders always before the Croup •> if he do not obey your Heel, give him the Spur gently upon that Side. You may alfo fometimes give him this Leffon in the open Fields. See Plate 4. Fig. 9. If your Horfe will not anfwer your Heel, by put- ting in his Croup, but throweth it always out, and upon your Spur, then his Head being to the Wall, pull the outward Rein of the Cavezon from the Turn, helping him alfo with your outward Leg, and fpur him alfo if there be need for it : Now this will infallibly force in his Croup, but then he will gofalfe, becaufethe outward Rein of the Cavezon being pulled, will make him look from the Turn, and fo his Croup will go before his Shoulders, than which nothing can be morefalfe: Therefore after yau have wrought him thus falfely, to cure his Vice, fall to the true way of Riding again. When your Horfe obeys your Heel upon the Paf- fage along a Wall, then work him with the fame Leflbn upon large Circles, pulling, as I faid, the Cavezon's inward Rein hard to you, to bring in his outward Shoulder, bending his Neck extreamly, and helping with your outward Leg, which is Leg and Rein of contrary Sides, taking always care that the half of his Shoulders go before his Croup; and if he do not anfwer your Heel, then give him the Spur with your outward Leg 5 alfo whatever Hand you teach 202 The Cop/pleat Horfeman: ory teach him to PafTage upon fir ft, make him do as much to the other, which is but changing Bridle- hand, Cavezon-Rein, and Leg, and when you find him obedient in PafTaging upon large Circles, his Croup in (which will put him upon his Haunches,) then make him go the PafTage in little Circles, whofe Diameter is little longer than his own length. See Plate $> Fig. I. Your Horfe being perfect in the aforefaid Leflbns of PafTaging along a Wall, and in Circles upon a Trot to either hand his Croup in, then put him to a fhprt or flow Gallop upon large Circles his Croup in, after this manner ; pull the Cavezon's inward Rein hard to you on the infide of his Neck, and help him with your outward Leg, poifing or refting a little rnore upon your outward Stirrup than upon the inward, taking alfo care to advance your out- ward Shoulder, to whatever hand yon are going ; and thus bend his Neck extreamly, that he maybe prefled upon the ontfide of the Turn, and his Legs at liberty within the Turn, which is molt proper for the fhort Gallop his Croup in, or "terra a Terr yjf, which are near the Time. Help him alfo now and then with your Voice, and make him form good Stops. See Plate 4. Fig. 8. When your Horfe is perfect in thefe Leflbns, by the help of the Cavezon's inward Rein held in your Hand, I would then advife you to fix it with a Buckle to the Pommel of the Saddle, and to work a little more with the Bridle, that he may underftand its Operation upon his Bars, and the Place of the Curb a little better than he hath done hitherto : and fo work him upon all the former Leflbns, bu£ now more upon a Square than upon a Circle, and fee that you make him round the Angles well: For it is found by Horfemen that a Circle fub jeers a Horfe's Croup too much, therefore make ufe of a Square, with Cavezon-Rein and Leg of a Side, and helping for Parti. Perfeti Farrier. 203 for the mod part with the outward Rein of the Bridle to fupple his Shoulders \ or Rein and Leg contrary, to put him upon his Haunches; and prefling him upon the outfide of the Turn, give his Legs Liberty within, helping him for the moft part with, the inward Rein of the Bridle and out- ward Leg, and fometimes alfo with the outward Rein of the Bridle, when his Shoulders go too far out, and his Croup too much in. Another good LefTon is this-, make your Horfe go tideways, or Paflage him upon one Hand, then put him forwards twice or thrice his own length ; then make him go fideways upon the other Hand, and put him forwards again, and fo fideway and forwards from Hand to Hand, which will make him very attentive to the Motion of your Hand and Heels : But the open Fields are more proper for this Performance, than a clofe or covered Manage. The inward Rein of the Cavezbn being tied to t\vi Girths, or pulled low within the Turn towards the Rider's Knee, worketh a Horfe's outward Shoul- der, prefTes his Legs within the Turn, and leaves his Legs at Liberty without the Turn, is excellent in Trotting and Galloping upon Circles of one Tread •, for this fupples his Shoulders, his Croup being a little out, which brings in his outward Shoulder more : It is alfo excellent in Paflaging his Croup a little in, to make him with the more eafe lap one Leg over another, becaufe by the help of it his outward Shoul- der is brought in } but if you fhonld prefs his Croup too much in, it would be impofiible for him to go, becaufe the Rein being tied to the Girth, or pulled low, worketh and bringeth in his outward Shoulder, and by putting his Buttock too much in, you put back his outward Shoulder, which is a quite contrary A&ion, and cannot be done at the fame time. This inward Rein is alfo excellent for Cor vets upon Cir- cles, becaufe it brings in the Horfe's outward Shoul- der, 204 The Compleat Horjeman : or^ der, and confequently gives liberty to the Croup. Now in all thefe LefTons if his outward Shoulder come not in enough, you mull then turn your Bri- dle-hand a little within his Keck, which will work the outward Rein, and confequently help to bring in the outward Shoulder, and make your Horfe fup- ple andeafietoturn. But as this tying of the Cavezon's inward Rein to the Girths, or pulling it low, makes an oblique Line within the Turn, and therefore worketh the Horfe's outward Shoulcjer -, fo fecondly, the fame Rein tied fall to the Pommel of the Saddle, makes an oblique Line crofs the Horfe's Neck, which Line, with the help of the Rider's outward Leg, puts back the Horfe's outward Shoulder, and forwards his in- ward Shoulder, and fo preffes him upon the Outfide of the Turn, and gives his Legs liberty within the Turn, which is molt proper for Terra a Terra, or the fhort Gallop, his Croup in, but is nought for Cor- vets, becaufe it fubjects his Croup too much ; yet it works his Croup mightily, either Leg and Rein con- trary, his Croup out, or in Pajfaging his Croup in, upon narrow Circles of his own Length, or a little larger. Therefore when you have a Horfe's Head to the Wall, if you would work his Shoulders, pull theG*- vezaris inward Rein low, and towards your Knee \ but if you would work his Croup, then pull it crofs his Necky with your Nails up, and towards your outward Shoulder. Having now fhewn you the different Operations of the Cavc7j>r?s inward Rein, when tied to the Girths and pulled low, and tied to the Pommel and pull'd high and crofs the Horfe's Neck, which is of great Confe- quence to be exactly underftood by any Perfon who defigns to be a compleat Horfeman •, I fhall now fhew you to what degree of flraitnefs that fame inward Rein mould be drawn, when firft to be made faft to either Pommel or Girths : You mult then draw tjie Parti. PerfeB Farrier. 20$ the Rein no ftraiter, than to make your Horfe look with one Eye into the Turn, that is only juft fo ftrait as that he may not look out of the Turn, be- caufe if you fhould draw it ftraiter, he not being as yet accuftomed to it, it would make him to turn round almoft in one Place, inftead of going forward, and be a ready means to make him become Refty ^ therefore fhorten the Rein of the Cavezon proportio- nably, as you fhall find your Horfe well accuftomed to ride with his Neck thus plied and bent, fo that at length you will come to make him look with al- moft both his Eyes into the Volt or Turn, which will make his Body ply, and form a part of the Circle wherein he is riding, which is the true and exact. Po- fture of Body of a Ready Horfe, in going his Ma- HrfffUpon a Volt OX Circle, his Croup in. Your Horfe being perfectly well accuftomed to I perform all his Leflbns with the Cavezorfs inward ! Rein, thus tied to the Pommel of the Saddle, perfe& 1 him with the Bridle alone, working him ftill upon a Square, making him to point a little out with his j Head at each Corner or Angle, and then to round j them well. There is no Leflbn comparable to Ravaging the Croup in, to make a Horfe obey the Hand and Heely \ and to raife him now and then upon Pefates, and then Paffage him again : But as I have already told | you, your Horfe muft be well advanced before you j adventure to make him rife before, or you may happen to fpoil him. 1 {hall conclude this Chapter with a few very ufeful Directions as followeth. If your Horfe prefs forward too much, ftay him well upon the Hand or pull him back: If he offer to go back prefs him forward : If he go iide-ways againft your Will to the right Hand, put him fide- ways upon the Left ; and fo on the contrary. If he put his Croup too much out, by throwing it upon your . 20 6 The Compleal Horfeman : or, your outward Heel, then with your outward Spur put it in •, and if he put it in too much, by throw- ing it upon your inward Heel, then with your *#* ward Spur force it out again. If he go too much upon his Shoulders, then flop him frequently, and make him go back, and alfo ftay him well upon the Hand, as you are galloping him ', but if he go upon his Haunches, then continue him fo. If he rife before when you would not have him, then as he is falling, give him the Spurs; and being thus put from his own Will to yours, he will become a Ready Horfe. CHAP. VIII. The true and exact Method to make a Horfe go Terra a Terra. TH E Square for Terra a Terra is preferable to a Circle •, therefore work your Horfe always upon a pretty large Square of twenty four or thirty Foot Diameter, and do you fit ftraight in the Saddle, poifing a little more upon your outward Stirrup than your inward but do not lean too much upon it, only the outward Leg to be a little longer than the inward, and the inward Leg to be a little before it, and but a very little neither. You mult: reft all up- on the Twifv and Stirrups, and fit as near to the Pom- mel of the Saddle as you can, your outward Leg dole to the Horfe, with the Knee of it turned inwards, and Miff in the Hamme to bring the Calf of your Leg the nearer to the Horfe's Side. Then for the Bridle* Hand, if you are going to the Right Hand, put your Hand upon the Outfide of his Neck, turning up your little Finger to make it refpeft your Left Shoulder, which will pull the inward Rein that lieth above your little Finger, your Arm being a little oblique from your Body, and your Left Shoulder turned a little in, which Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 70J which will make your Body refped a little the Right Side •, and this Pofture will of Neceffity make the Horfe go a little couched upon his Outfide. You muft turn your Head, and look upon the Infide of the Turn to the Infide of the Horfe's Head, which will be a Means to keep your Hand fteady \ for did you look to your inward Shoulder, it would remove your Bridle-Hand too much within the Turn? and did you look juft between the Horfe's Ears, your outward Shoulder would not come in enough, io that neither it, nor you, nor the Horfe, would be oblique as you fhould ; your Bridle-Hand in running the Corners or Angles of the Square muft be carried circularly with the Horfe, and fteadily, but yet only fo as to feel him. Now the Horfe being thus couched upon hisOwr- fide, by the Pofture of your Body, the pulling of the inward Rein of the Bridle enlarges him before,by pul- ling as it were his inward Fore-Leg from the outward Fore- Leg ; which puts his inward Hind-Leg near to his tutward Hind- Leg, which narrows him behind, ma- king him to bow in Vat Cambrels, efpecially in his outward Hind-Leg^ whereon he refteth moft, and thrufts his inward Hind- Leg under his Belly, which, with all the Helps above-mentioned, makes him go very much upon his Haunches : For the Horfe be- ing thus preft upon the Out-fide, muft of Neceffity look within the Square or Turn *, and his Fore-Farts being enlarged, will make him embrace the Comers of the Square the better when he is to round them : His Hind-Legs alio being within the Lines of his Fore-Legs, he muft needs be upon the Haunches, and his inward Fore-Leg being in a manner pulled from his outward Fore- Leg, his inward Fore- Leg with which he leads will appear to be longer than his out" ward Fore Leg, and make the firft and largeft Circle or Square, which is right? and fo his outward Fore-Leg will make the ftcond, and his inward Hind-Leg the third, becaufe it is thruft fo much before his outward ao8 The Cowpleat Horfeman : ory outward Hind-Leg, and under his Belly \ and then his outward Hind-Leg will make the fourth and lead Square or Circle, becaufe it is fo much plied in the Gambrel by retting upon it. Remember that you keep not your Bridle-hand too high but low, that fo your Horfe may go low and preft, becaufe he will always go according to the height of your Hand : Now Terra a Terra, fhould al- ways be low and preft. But I rauft alfo tell you, that the pulling the inward Rein of the Bridle prefTes the Horfe upon the Outfide, weighs him up, and puts him upon the Haunches, efpecially upon his outward Hind-Leg, fo that all his Body leaneth upon the Out- fide, and he cannot bring in his outward Shoulder, for it is bound up as it were, to give his Fore-Leg within the Turn liberty to lead. Now you may know by his Neck, whether he is couch'd or leans upon his Out- fide or not ', for if he do, his Neck will lean all on the Outfide, and your Body, if you follow the Mo- tion of the Horfe, will incline to be concave on the Outfide, z\\c\ convex within, which would be very un- becoming, and therefore you mutt, as much as pof- fible, prevent it *, fo that the Horfe being thus preft and 'couched upon the Outfide, bringeth in his Haunch as he fhould do, and hath three Legs in the Air at once, to wit, his two Fore-Legs and his inward Hinder-Lev, with a Leap forward low and preft. The fame Directions muft be obferved for the left Hand as for the right, only altering the Bridle-hand^ Body and Lew % and for the Bridle-hand it is neceffary, that when you go to the left Hand, you fhould put vour Hand on the contrary Side of his Neck, which is without, your Arm clofe to your Body, and Knuckles of your Bridle-hand turned towards his Keck which will pull the inward Rein of the Bridle for the left Hand, becaufe it lies under your little Finger and this will make both your Body and the Horfe's oblique, and alfo make every thing elfe Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 2 op elfe anfwer, as well in going the left Hand, as fa did in gdng to the right. But if you intend to change Hanis upon Trria Terra, then your Body being Hill oblique with the Horfe's, and your Knuckles towards his Neck, and upon the outfide of it, to which Hand foever you. are going let his Shoulders firfl; come in a little Lef re you change him, and then help him with that Leg, which was the inward before you changed, and then holding him up with your Bridle-hand upon the out- fide of his Neck, put him forwards. Now why his Shoulders fhould come in a little before you change him, is, to fix his Croup that it may not go out. Re- member alfo to be always fliffin the Hammes, and to keep your Heels down, that fo you may bring the Calves of your Legs to him •, the fame is to be obferved in changing upon Demy-Volts. See Plan 5. Fig. 2. CHAP. IX. Of changing upn Demy-Volts. YOU mull fit oblique, your Hand on the outfide^ your outward Leg clofe to him, the Knuckles of your Bridle-hand towards his Neck, and when he makes his Demy-Volt, let him go a little more than half a Turn, to fix his Croup before you change him ; and then help him with the inward Leg firfl:, and then hold him up with your Hand, and a little oil the outfide of his Nech This from the Wall is belt; but by a Wall it cannot be \ for you cannot go through the Wall, and therefore by a Wall it can be but a juft Half-Turn or Demy Volto, which you may help with the inward or outward Rein at plea- fure, fo you keep his Croup to the Wall, that he may keep his Linel and not faifify his Demy-VoltQ, Make 2 1 o The Compleat Horfeman : or, ufe always of the outward Rem when you would bring in his outward Shoulder. I fhould next proceed to fpeak of Corvets, but becaufe a Horfe fhould be perfed in Ve fates before he comes to Corve ts3 1 fhall explain them to you. CHAP. X. Of Pefaes* APefate is when a Horfe rifes handfomtly hefore9 and upon his Haunches, and at the fame time bends his Fore-Legs up to bis Body : Now this is fo necelTary an Adion, that without a Horfe can do it perfe&ly, he fhall never go well in any Ayre : The Cavez.otfs inward Rein being in your Hand, or tied to the Pommel, help him with the outward Rein of the Bridle, and in Pajfaging raife him as high as you can, and hold him there gently, without giving him oc- cafion to fret \ then walk him a little, and raife him again, and do this quite round the Volt or large Circle you are working him upon, which will make him in a (hort time to form a true Pefate. Now, j altho' your Horfe mult be per fed in Pe fates, before you offer to put him upon any Ayre, yet they fhould { never be taught him at firft Riding, before he is 1 pretty far advanced in the Manage, and be rendred obedient to the Hand and Heels. if your Horfe do not encline to rife eaiily before upon Pefates, when you are upon his Back, then put him between the Pillars, as in Plate ■ 5. Fig. 4. helping him with two Rods upon the outfide of his Fore- thighs, and in a fhort Time he will come to do it. Now I do not think that the Pillars ferve for any other ufe but this, neither would I ever advife you to make ufe of them but in this cafe ; and fo foon as ever you find your Horfe to rife eaiily, then take him Part L PerfeU Farrier. 2 1 $ him quite from them, with a refolution never to put him betwixt them again *, for I allure you, they conftrain and fubjecl: a Horfe's Croup too much, and alfo make him to go by Rote, which is what a Man fhould fhun as much as any one Thing in the ma- naging of a Hbrfe : But the ufe of the Cavezon doth absolutely help this, for with it he cannot go by Rote^ becaufe with it, neither the Eyes nor Ears do any Thing, but the Horfe meerly obeys the Hand and Heels of his Rider, which maketh all Horfes go per- fectly, and rarely fails. islever force or prefs your Horfe too much to any Thing, as Going back, Stopping, or Rijing before, spe- cially young Horfes, which fhould never be much preft, nor ftopt too hard or fhort at fifft ; for if you do, you may give them fuch a Crick or Taint in the B3ck as they may never recover. The Stop upon a Trot fhould be hard and on a fudden • the Stop upoil a Gallop, with two or three little Falcadoes : And ne- ver ftopandraife him together, but flop firft and raife him afterwards. CHAP. XL For Corvets fir ait forwards* YOur Seat muft be the fame 2s in Terra a Terra, only not altogether fo fthTnor Co oblique, the Bridle-hand even with his Neck, and your Knuckles towards his Neck on which hand foever he goes, but the Hand flill juft over his Neck, two or three Fin- gers above the Pommel, and a little forward, without any other Help but to ftay him a little upon the Hand ; for every Horfe will take his own Time bet* ter than you can give it him, but quick it fhould be from the Ground, and then ftay him in the Air up- on the Hand, your Body always going to that end ? z of 212 'the Comfkat Horjewan : or0 pf theHorfe which comes to you, that is, bend a little to him as he rifes, but fo infenfibly that the Spectators may not perceive it : You are alfo to fit as forward to the Pommel as you can, your Body be- ing ftrait, and your Thighs and Knees as clofe as if they were glued to the Saddle, but your toes a little down and low, that you may have your Nerves weak from the Knees downwards, and ftrong from the Knees upwards, and do not help him with your Legs at all, unlefs he put in his Croup too much, which mull be put out with your inward Leg *, or put out his Croup too much, which muft be put in with your out* ward Leg : But except in thefe cafes, or that he go not forward enough at each Time, never help him with your Legs, but leave his Croup free and at li- berty to follow his Fore-Tarts which lead. To make him go in Corvets ftrait forwards, or along a Wall, tie the Caverns Rein which is from the Wall, to keep that Hind-Leg near to the other Hind-Leg which is next the Wall, and begin with two or three Tefates, and then walk him forwards a little, then Corvet him again ; and if you feel him on the Hand, and that he alfo go forward with it, he will quickly be dreft ; but if he prefs forward too much, then caufe him to make his Corvets in one place, and then put him on again. But to make this more plain, fuppofe it be your right Shoulder that is next the Wall, then you mult tie the left Rein of the Cave- zon to the Pommel, which doth not only keep back the Hind-Leg upon the fame fide the Cavezon Rein is tied, but alfo fupples and prepares him to go Corvets upon the Volts to the left-hand. Again, if it be your left Shoulder which is to the Wall, tie the right Rein of the Cavezon to the Tommel for the fame Reafons, firft walking him, and then railing him upon Corvets, until you make him continue his Corvets without intermiflion the whole length of the Wall. And as for the Bridle-hand you muft remember that in Cor- vets Part I. PerfeSi Farrier. 215 vets forward you are always to help with the Rein next to the Wall or outward Rein, to enlarge him before, and to narrow htm behind, becaufe he leads with his Fore-Parts, and his Hind-Parts follow to keep the Ground which his Fore-Parts have got, his Fore- Parts being at liberty, and his Hind-Parts preft. If your Horfe beat upon the Hand, it is becaufe he does not endure or obey the Curb, and in that cafe you mult raife him very high upon Pefates, and hold him there, which will put him upon the Curb, and make him endure it ; but if this will not do, then Gallop him upon a ftrait Line by a Wall, or otherways, and from his Gallop flay him upon the Hand, and then let him go in Corvets ; or let him gallop forward a Ihort Gallop, then flop him and raife him three our four Pe fates very high, and hold him on the Hand when he is up ; and this in all probability will cure him *, if not, then trot him, and flop him with good hard Stops, and alfo pull him back fometimes, and this will fettle him upon the Hand r Your Stirrups mull be of an equal length, 3nd rather a hole too fhort than too long. And fo much for Corverts forwards* See Plate 5. Fig* 5. For Corvets (ideways. Help, as I faid, with the Bridle only, and not with your Legs, and putting his Head to the Wall, if you go to the right-hand, help with the outward Rein, and let the Horfe go fideways, that is, the half of his Shoulders before his Croup ; and let him thus make three or four Corvets fideways ; then walk him again fideways, and Corvet him again, and thus walk him and Corvet him fideways, by degrees dimi- nifliing his Walk, and augmenting his Corvets, until he go all in Corvets, which he will foon do. Ufe the like helps for the left as for the right. 2 1 4 the Compleat Horfeman : ot7 x For Corvets backwards. Firft pull him back, and caufe him to make three or four Corvets in one place*, then pull him back again, and Corvet him in one place*, and thus pulling him back, and Corveting in one place, diminifhing the ■ fulling back, and augmenting the Corvets, he will at laft go backwards in Corvets perfectly. But you mult remember to help always with the Bridle -Rein next to the Wall, to narrow him before and enlarge him behind, that fo he may be there at liberty, becaufe his Hind-Tarts lead and his Fore-Parts follow, to keep the Ground which his Hind- Vans have got; there- fore his Hind- Parts being at liberty, and his Fore- Parts preft, your Bridle hand mud; be low, that the Horfe may not go too high ; and your Body a little forward to give his Hinder- Parts the more liberty to Jead, and do not help with your Legs at all, but with your Bridle-hand pull him back every time he falleth to the Ground, and with thefe Aids he 7/ ill come to, Corvet backwards perfectly well. For Corvets upon the Volts. To put a Horfe upon Corvets in a Circle or Polt9 the Cave^on s inward Rein muft be at firft tied to the Pommel, and his Croup muft not be put in too much 5 But he mould rather at firft teaching go upon Circles of one Tread, for here to keep out the inward Hinder* Leg is the main bufinefs:/ help therefore a little with the outward Rein of the Bridie, and raife him three or four Corvets, then walk him upon the Circle, and Corvet him again, and fo diminifh your Walk and augment your Corvets, until he make a whole Turn or Volt upon Corvets; and when he is perfect upon them in Circles of one Pifie or Tread, then lef him go upon Corvets with his Croup a very little in upon Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. 215 upon the Volts, which is the perfe&ion of Corvets upon them. You muft always in Corvets upon Volts help with the outward Rein, but give him no help with your Legs at all. To change upon Corvets do thus \ if your Horfe be going to the right-hand, and you would change him, then put your inward or right Leg gently to him, and hold him a little up with your Bridle-hand on the infide of his Neck, your Knuckles always down, up- on which Hand foever you go •, and as foon as he hath changed, take your right Leg from him, and help no more with your Legs at all, only the poife of your Body, upon changing, is to be a little upon the out fide : The fame very Helps are to be made ufe of when you change from the left, viz. Left Leg and outward Rein. Now the reafon why upon changing I begin firft with the Leg and not with the Bridle- hand, is this ; If I fhould begin with the Hand, he would ftopy and if I turned my Hand to the infide t his Croup would go too much out and be loft, be- caufe I fliould have no feeling of it, and therefore I begin with the Leg, but inftantly hold him up with my Hand, fo that the two Helps are done fo quickly after each other that none can perceive it : But if his Shoulders do not come in enough, then turn well your Hand to the infide, and help with the outward Rein. For the Crofs and Saraban upon Corvets. Help with the outward Rein, which is to be pulled firft upon the one fide and then upon the other, after every Corvet from fide to fide, helping, as I faid, with your Bridle-hand only, and your outward Shoulder always following it, without any help from your Legs at all. P 4 Horfe§ '§ \6 The Compkat Horfeman : or, Horfes that are very Bull or very Fiery are im- proper for Corvets, being the molt difficult Ayres that a Horfe can go, and requiring a great deal of Judg- ment in the Rider, as well as Patience in the Horfe to perform them. CHAP. XII. Of the Capriole, Croupade, Balotade, and a, Step and a Leap. I Have already told you in the third Chapter, what they are, fo fhall not need to repeat them, but proceed to (hew you how they are to be per- formed. Firft then for Caprioles, you muft fit ftrait, your Thighs and Knees as clofe as if you were glued to the Saddle, your Stirrups a little fhorter than ordi- nary, a hole or thereabouts, for too fhort would throw you out of the Saddle, and too long would diforder your Seat and make you lofe your Stirrups } you muft alfo keep your Toes a little down, to flack your Nerves from the Knees downwards, or elfe the Horfe would bolt too much forwards each Leap, for a leaping Horfe fhould never go forward above a Foot and a half at one Leap*, and when you raife him, inftantly put your Breaft out, which will make your Shoulders go a little back \ for if you do it not jjuffc as the Horfe rifes before, it will be too late to do it when he rifes behind and ftrikes out. Walk your Horfe forward, and then caufe him to make one Leap, prefently after railing him high up- on a Pefate or two, and flaying and keeping him upon the Hand ; and thus augmenting your Leaps, and diminifhing your Pefates, he will by little and little leap perfectly \ and after he is perfect upon a firm. Part I. PerfeSt Farrier. iij ftralt Line forwards, then you may put him upon Volts or Circles, and continue the fame method ; but the Circles muft be fomewhat large at firft, and you mult remember when you raife him to Leap, that you help him with the point of your Rod, upon the fetting on of his Dock, or with the great end of it juft behind the Saddle , the Rod being turned in your Hand and your 'Thumb downwards, and do it with one or more ftrokes as you pleafe, fo it be done in time, which is when he is raifed before-, and always when you have done leafing, caufe him to make a high Pefate or two. As for your Bridle-hand, you muft always make it work the outward Rein, to bring in his autward Shoul- der, and narrow him before, and enlarge him behind^ that fo he may be prefled upon the infide of the Turn, and at liberty without, that his Croup may go a little out, and be the more free and at liberty ; for were his Croup fubje&ed or bound up he could not Leap ; therefore the outward Rein is to be ufed for all Leaps whatfoever, either fir ait forwards or Upon Circles. The Croupade is performed after the fame manner, the difference confiding only in the way of helping with the Rod, which muft be by linking him a little above the Gambrels. The Balotade is done after the fame method, only that you muft ftrike him with the Rod juft upon the middle of his Croup. A Step and a Leap is an dyre in which Horfes commonly go when they have not a good Appuy^ for the Step puts him upon the Hand, and gives him a rife to Leap, like one that runs before he leaf si and fo may leap higher than he that goes every time a Leap. Now all Leaps are made upon the Hand% therefore fee that your Horfe be well fettled upon the Hand before you offer to try if he will Leapf becaufe nothing diforders a Horfe's Month more than 2 1 8 The Compleat Horfeman : or, than leaping : For Leaps of all kinds give no help with your Legs at all, only hold him up well with the Bridle-hand when he rifes before, that fo he may rife the higher behind, and when he begins to rife behind, put your Bridle-hand a little forward, to hold him up before, and ftay him there upon the Hand, as if he hung in the Air, and Time the Motion of your Bridle- hand, fo as that you may take him as if he were a Ball upon the bound, which is the greatefl: Secret of all in leaping a Horfe right- CHAP. XIII. Of the Piroyte. TH E Action of a Horfe's Legs in the Tiroyte is very extraordinary *, for your Hand being up- on the outfide of his Neck to make him look into the Turn, before you begin the Tiroyte you muft in an inftant work violently with the outward Rein of the Bridle, to ftraiten his Fore-Tarts, and give his Hinder- farts more liberty. As he is going to the Right-hand, at the fame time that he lifts his two Fore-Legs, he lifts his Hind-Leg without the Turn, fo that he hath three Legs up at a time, and all the weight of his Body at that time refteth upon his inward Hind Leg only, and when, thofe three Legs that were up, come to the Ground, his outward Shoulder comes in fo quickly, that it makes his inward Hind- Leg to move at the fame time almoffc in one place, to fupply the place of a Center, that fo he may make an exacl; Turn or Circle : I fay, that at the fame time his three Legs which, were in the Air are fet down, his inward Hind- Leg removes to accompany the Round or Circle, but in a manner Hill in one place: So that indeed the inward Hind- Leg is the Center upon which the porfe turns, tho' a$ the Part I. TerfeB Farrier. 219 the fame time it moves round ; and when the Horfe is fo giddy that he can go no longer for fear of fal- ling, he then thrufts his inward Hind-Leg forward beneath his Belly to flop himfelf. Thefe are the Helps and Motions of a Horfe's Legs in the Plroyte, elfe he could not go fo fwifty as he ought, and as Horfes always do when they are per- forming this A&ion, and becaufe the Horfe is upon his Shoulders, and preft upon the infide of the Turn, therefore it is that the only help is with the outward Rein of the Bridle, to bring in quickly his outward Shoulder, and give his Croup a little liberty, and that without any afliftancc from your Legs at all : But as the Horfe is turning, you mud take care to turn your Body well to the Turn, and alfo look upon the infide of his Neck, and thus let him turn one, two, or three times as you fhall think fit. See Plate 5. Fig. 3. CHAP. XIV. Of Pajfades. Flrft walk your Horfe ftrait forwards, either by a Wall or Pallifade, and at the end flop and raife him two or three Pe fates, and then turn him gently, helping with the outward Rein of the Bridle and out- ward Leg, and fee that he do not fallify his Demy~ Volt either with his Shoulders or Haunches in Paffag- ing, but that both be juft after he has turned. Do as much upon the other Hand, and then begin to trot him upon the fame ftrait Line, flopping, rai- fing him before, and turning him as you did upon the Walk, and when he is perfect upon the Trot, then put him to a fhort Gallop upon the ftrait Line, {lopping and advancing him as you did before : But now let him perform his Demy-Jour or Volt, not by Tajfaging, but upon his Ayre \ and when he is perfect 0.7O The Compleat Horfeman : or^ in this, then let him make a Pajfade upon a fhort Gallop, without either flopping or raifing before, but only turning when at the end of the ftrait Line, which he will do exa&ly in a very fhort time : But you mult remember in Galloping to keep his Head always a little from the Wall, that his Croup may come to it, and fo keep the Line that he falfify not his Demy-Volt ; alfo before he turns it will not be a- mifs to let him make two or three Falcades or Times, to firm his Haunches the better, and to turn with the better Grace. If you intend to pajfade or run your Horfe at his foil Carrier e, then keeping his Head a little from the Wall, flack the Bridle-hand a little, and when at the end of the Pajfade prefs him with your Thighs, and ftay him a little upon the Handy that he may make two or three Falcades before you turn him, and then clofe him with your outward Rein as in the Piroyte \ for the Demy-Volt of a Pajfade at full fpeed is nothing elfe but a half Piroyte, and therefore muft have the fame Helps with it. And thus Pajfade him from one hand to the other, making commonly a ftrait Line, when you do it at full fpeed, about five or fix times the Horfe's length only, and fo your Horfe will go perfectly upon Pajfade s, which is the Touch -ft one of a ready Horfe, and abfolutely one of the raoft ufeful ,Things in the Manage for a (Ingle Combat. But it may be objected, that if a Man in a fingle Combat make ufe of thefe Falcades or Half-flops be- fore he turn upon the end of his Pajfade, it will give opportunity to his Adverfary to gain his Croup, which is accounted a very confiderable advantage in a fingle Combat. To which I anfwer, That it cannot be denied, but that fuch half Stops have that inconve- niency : But upon the other hand, if a Man do not make ufe of them upon Pajfades at full fpeed,, he will run into another inconveniency more dangerous, Which is, That his Horfe being upon his full Carrierey unlefi Parti. Per feSt Farrier. 221 unlefs he make him form thofe Half-Stops, he will be in danger of coming over every time he turns, rid- ing with fuch a force as a Man fhould always do in Parading. And of two Evils it is beft to chufe the leaft. In Pajfades, help your Horfe always according to the Aire with which he clofes the end of his Pajfade ; if with Terra a Terra, then with the inward Rein and outward Leg ', but if with a half Piroyte, then with the outward Rein and outward Leg, and help always with the Rod upon the contrary fide to which he is going. CHAP. XV. A new Invention to drefs Horfes upon all Ayres, by the help of one fingle Pillar. ALtho' it muft be confefs'd that this Method is inferior to the Directions before given, yet it being curious and extraordinary, and in its kind ve- ry good, I fhall here fet it down. Firft bring your Horfe Sadled and Bridled to the fingle Pillar, and there put him nnder the Button of the Bridle Reins, which is to draw down that little Button of Leather which moves up and down upon them, fo near to the Horfe's Mane, that it may ftay and fix the Branches of the Bridle at fuch a degree of ftraitnefs, as the Horfe may have but a very gentle feeling at firft of the Bitt, either upon his Barrs or place of the Curb : This done, if you intend to make him go to the right hand, let a Groom take the Cave^ons inward Rein, and putting it about the fingle Pillar a little higher than the Horfe's Head, keep it there very fhort ; then let another Perfon hold the long Rein of the Cavezon upon the outfide of the Turn in one hand, and a Stick with a Bodkin at the end 213 The Compleat Horfeman : or, end of it in the other, to prick him if he fhould put out his Croup too much : And let another Perfon go behind the Horfe with a Rod to keep him from go- ing back ', then do you, being on Foot, raife him in one place, and be fatisfied with a very little from him at once. Now, tying him Ihort in this manner, he cannot rife high, and therefore goes upon his Haunches for his eafe. After you have ufed him fo a little, then help him with three Rods, your felf with two before, viz.. one upon each Fore-Thigh, and another Perfon with the third under his Belly, which will put him very much upon the Haunches. After, if he can perform his Lefibn exa&ly in one place, then keeping ftill the fame inward Rein of the Cavezjm Ihort about the Pillar, make him go upon his Volts, helping him, as I have told you, with three Rods, but be you then upon the outfide of the Horfe's Shoulders,, to give him the more liberty to turn, and thus in a fhort time he will $p Corvets up- on the Volts forwards perfectly well. Keep him ftill fo tied with the Cavezon Rein, and help with the three Rods as before, and go before and face him, and this will make him go Corvets backwards upon his Volts. Continue again ftill the fame Rein of the Cavezjon about the Pillar, and you may make him go fdeways Upon Corvets. When he is perfect for the right-hand, then tie the left Rein of the Cavez.on fhort about the Pillar, and do in all Things as you did for the right-hand : And when he goes perfe&ly without any Perfon upon his Back, then get upon him, the fame Rein of the Cavezjon being ftill very fhort about the Pillar, and make him go as you did before in every Thing. See Plate 5. Fig. 6. C H A Po Parti. Terfetb Farrier. 115 CHAP. XVI. Of the fever al Help and Corrections with the S furs. THE Spurs ferve as well for Help as Correction: as Helps they go before and prevent Faults ; as Corrections they come after. And a Man having no- thing but his Hand and Heels to make a ready Horie, the Spurs do half the bufinefs, altho' it mull be con- fefs'd that the Hand hath the pre-eminency, and the fettling a Horfe upon the Hand muft always be firft. They are ufed as a Help thus -, When a Horfe goes Terra a ierra^ your outward Leg clofe to him, whea he flacks turn your Heel to him, and pinch him with the Spur, which you may eafily do, even to bring Blood and no Body perceive it : And if a Horfe fuf- fer and obey this while you ftay him upon the Hand, you may with good reafon fay he is an excellent Horfe. There is another Help with the Spurs, which is nei- ther fo violent as a Correction, Tiox fo prefling as Pinch* ing, and it is this ; when a Horfe gallops his Croup in, ox Terr a al err a, if he obeys not your outward Leg enough, being clofe to or very near his fide, thea. make a motion of the Leg as if you did Spur him, but with as gentle a touch as poffible, and only to let him feel it and no more. Now if your Horfe under- ftand thefe two preceding Helps with the Spurs, he will need them but very feldom after a while, and will obey you with the Calves of your Legs only. The Spurs are a Correct ion for many things: If your Horfe rebel againft what you would have him do, leave not fpurring of him until you find him begin to obey, and when he obeys you in the leaft, then alight and fend him to the Stable, and the next Morning try him again, and if he obey you, cherifh and make much of him, that he may know you have Mercy as well as Juflice, for a Horfe hath Imagination^ Memory ^ and Judgment j and the wifeft Man in the World, were 224 The Compleat Horfeman : ory were he put into the form of a Hor fe, could not pofll- bly find out more fubtle ways to oppofe a Man than a Horfe will : You muft therefore ufe your Spurs as a Correction, but feldom, and upon juft occafion : As for example,When he puts his Croup too much in or out ; or if he refufe to turn to that hand you would have him, then corredr. him with the oppofite Spur. But if he be Refty and will not go forwards, or be apprehen-, live and skittijh, or offer to Bite or Strike,then correct him with both Spurs. Alfo, as I told you before, if he rife too high before, or bolt upright, then to give him both your Spurs as he is falling down, may be a means to break him of it, but take heed not to make ufe of them juft as he is riling, left they make him come over upon you. Again, if he will not advance or rife before, then a good ftroke with both Spurs will make him rife, provided at the fame time you keep him firm and flayed upon the Hand, and as it were fup- port him a little with the Bin ; likewife if he be a dull Jade, or lazy and flack in his Manage, then to give him the Spurs will quicken him. £Iow as the Spurs are of fuch great efficacy when ufed with Difcretion, fo nothing makes Horfes more Hefty and Viciovu, than when they are given out of time : And there are more Horfes made vicious by ill Riders and Bunglers, than are naturally fo. The more unruly therefore a Horfe is, the more Calmnefs and Judgment is required in the Rider : For from a paf- fionate Rider and unruly Horfe, what can be expected but Diforder and Confufion. And I muft tell you, that a Horfe that hath been fpoiled and made Refty by ill Riding, either correcting him out of Time, or letting him have his Will too much at fir ft, is harder to be reduced to Obedience than the worft natured Jade in the World. And thus I have defcribed unto you all the Helps of the Hand and Heels, whereby you may perfeft a Ready Horfe either for Pleafurc or Srrwcv 7be End of the Brji Fart* fll .-. . .r/./.-J'..:. fej* - 4 JgL ' C „. IhcEndofikmrr* m V 2,7 g .J^grr&ihniJ l?'J 'm\\?°°'4 .v7/...yfU,/zV/' KX3 /://.v/.,^V/ N v*-l HJU^N" v^* ^S/VN^/.- /?./ -/-?./>////./■?■ is -T JitoAfiw^jV^' f7* -A ■»*? » j V "' " ■" .■»■""'. //': If ' (^ / •/ IR.it Tjili \ / \^V^ 'jii.-'- V^ M?£z&£ 3 S'-JL* outbe perfefc : T*t offrejh Butter, the big- f£%f™ b> rtefs of an Egg ; melt or fry it till it grows black \ then add firong Vinegar, and Oil Olive j tf each half a glafs ; and twice as much Pepper as you can lift with the ends of your Fingers, Mix all, and pour it warm, through a Horn, into the Hor- fe's Nofe, one half into each Noftril, covering him immediately with a Cioath, and walking him in your hand half an hour. It will occafion a beating and heaving in the Flanks for an hour or two ; which is not to be dreaded ; for after he is put in- to the Stable, he will certainly void the humour plentifully. CHAP. IV. Of a, Cold and Cough. TO cure a Cold, accompany'd with a violent Cough, Take Honey A Cold with a of Rofes, and Jvice of Liquorice, of each vioknt CmZh four Ounces ; Fenugreek feed, Grains of Paradife, Cum- minfeed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, Gentian, Birth" wort-roots, Aniffeed and Coriander- feed, of each two Drams. Reduce all the hard Ingredients to pou- der, and give the whole in a Pint of White-wine, With fix Ounces of Car duns Bene ditto* Water. This and the like hot Compofltions, are much better than the cooling Medicines, which ought to be given with a great deal of caution. If the Cold and Cough is joyned to a beating in the Flanks, and Palpita- f Co}d »Hb* tion of the Heart, take leaves of %*£*'* tb* Mallows^ FioUts, Herb Mercury, and Heliitory 2 3 6 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ Tellitory of the Wall, of each three hand fuls', Aniffeedi an Ounce -, or a handful of green Fennel, if it be in the Summer, Let them boil half an hour in a large Tot or Kettle in 3 or 4 quarts of Water, adding an Ounce and a half, or two Ounces of Liver of Anti- mony, in fine pouder. After the Decottion is half cold) prefs it out, and add to the ftrain'd Liquor four Ounces of Lenitive Eleftuary, and a quarter of a found of frejh Butter. M'x and make a Glyfter, to be inje&ed every day with an Ounce of Sal Poly- chrefi, after you have walk'd the Horfe. After he has got two Glyfiers, give him the following Draught. Take of the Waters of Vipers grafs, Car duns Bene ditlm, Scabious, Rofes, and bitter Succory, of each half a Tint. Give the Horfe a Quart of thefe Wa- ters, with an Ounce of Zedoary, and two Drams of Saffron, both of them in fine pouder ; or, inftead of them, an Ounce of the Confection of Hyacinth, without Musk or Amber-, then rinfe the Horn with the half pint that remains, and make him drink, that alfo. After which let him ftand four hours with a Wa- ter-Bit in his Mouth, and as foon as you unbridle him, lay moiftetfd Bran before him to Eat, and at Night injeft the Glyfter, with an Ounce and a half cf Sal Polychreft. To eafe his Head, by making him void a great quantity of Water and bitter Flegm ', Take Afa foetid a and pouder of Savin, of each half an Ounce', tye 'em in a Bag to the Bitt *, after he has ftood bridled two hours, unbridle him for two Hour* ^ and then put in the Bag again. An V "i e ft ^e following Cordial Pouder is of cordial Jpoi^ general ufe for other Infirmities, as dcr. well as a Cold and Cough, and ought to be kept ready made by thofe who keep HorfeS. 'Tis this. Takff Sajfafras, Zedoary-, Elecampane^ Gentian^ Car I in t Thifile^ Angelica, Cubebs% Part II. Per ft 3 Farrier. 237 Cubebs, Spanifh Vipers grafs, Mafterwort, and Marfh* mallows, of each half a pound ', round and long Birth- Wort j Bay ^berries, the rinds of Oranges and Citrons , and Savin j of each four Ounces*, Cardamoms, Liquo- rice, Myrrh, Shavings of Hartshorn and Ivory, Co- riander-feed, feed of Caraways, Cummin, Annife and, Fennel, of each two Ounces ', Cinnamon, an Ounce } Cloves, Nutmegs, and Oriental Saffron, of each half an Ounce ; all frefh and gathered in the Spring, or about the time of Advent, before the Frofi. Reduce 'em le- parately to a coarfe Pouder-, then (brain 'em thro' a Hair Sieve, and mix 'em, the weight of each Ingredient being adjufted after the pounding and fearfing. The Dofe is two Ounces, in a Quart of Wine, keeping the Horfe bridled four hours before, and two hours after. The vertue of this Pouder decays by long keeping •, to avoid which inconve- niency, I have lately found out a way of keeping it in its full ftrength thirty Years , by reducing it to Balls, which are fo hard, that they are at once por- table and impenetrable by the Air. The method is as follows. Take a bujhel of ripe and blacky Ju- niper-berries , gathered in the end of Cordial Balls. Auguft, or in the beginning of Sep- tember ; beat 'em, and put yem into a Kettle, with %or 9 Quarts of Water ; let it boil on the Fire, fur- ring tt fometimes till it grows thick ', then prefs out the Liquor, and pafs the remaining fubftance through aSearce, throwing away the Huskj and Berries, and mix the firairfd Pulp with the ftrain" d liquor ; boil it over a clear Fire, ftirring it till it affumes the thicknefs of Broth ; then take it off, and when 'tis half cold mix it in a Mortar, with the Pouder s pre- fcrib'd above, adding a pound of the grains ofKermes, C which were left out in the prefcription of the Pouder, becaufe they lofe their vertue by being kept in Pouder.) Make Balls weighing twelve Drams each, 2 38 The Cotopteat Horfewan : or, each to be dry'd on the Strainer, with its bottom upwards, in the Summer, and referv'd in a Sieve or Skellet, to prevent their growing mouldy. The fame Pouders may be made into Balls with Cordial Waters, which will dry more eafily : But the Mu- cilage of Juniper-berries does mightily enlarge the efficacy of the former. When you ufe thefe Batts% you muft beat 'em to a conrfe Pouder, and exhibit it in Wine, for if you give 'em whole, perhaps they'l be voided as entire as they are took. The JDofe is two Balls. They are very fuccefsfui in inve- terate Coughs •, they promote the expulfion of the Strangles; they excite Urine and infenfible Tran- fpiration *, they roufe the Appetite, and with re- gard to their general vertue in curing moft Difeaf- es, are juftly ftiled Treacle Balls. When this Univerfal Vouder or Balls are not to be had, the following Receipt may be us'd with very good fuccefs. Take Bay berries, Gentian, round Birthwort, Myrrh^ Florentine Orris, Shavings of Hart- (horn. Elecampane, of each four Ounces', Zedoary, Cum- min, Aniffeeds and Savin, of each two Ounces', Cinno- mon, half an Ounce \ Cloves, two Drams-, Flowers of Corn-poppies dry'd*, two Ounces. Beat all the Ingredi- ents apart, fearce ?em through a Hair Strainer, mix ?em thoroughly, and keep 'em hard prefs'd in a Leathern Bag ty'd clofe. The Dofe is two Ounces infus'd all Night in Wine. The moll ufual Cordial Pouders are made of Liquo* rice, and the Seeds of Coriander^ Anije and Fennel, becaufe thefe Ingredients are to be had at low rates. But they are much inferiour to my Univerfal Cor* dial Pouder or Balls. chap; Part IL PerfeSt Farrier. 239 CHAR V. Of the Glanders. TH E Glanders is a running at the Noftrils of Phlegmatick, tough, white, red, yellowifh or greenifh humours, with one or more Kernels faften'd to the Bone, between the two Jaw-bones. In the beginning yoa may endeavour to refoive the Ker- nel, before it comes to an extreme hardnefs •, by applying the following Pultis. Take half a Pound of Lin feed, reduced to fine Flow- er ; mix it with a Quart offirong Vinegar, and boil it over a very clear but little Fire, ftirring it constant- ly. When it begins to grow thicks ^ add fix Ounces of Oil of Lillies. Mingle them well, aad apply it to the Kernel, covering it with a Lamb's Skin, as in the cure of the Strangles. Renew this Pultis every day. Some are for cutting out the Kernel, but that is not always a certain Cure, for I have feen the Ker- nel grow again after it has been thrice cut out, efpecially when it is done in the Wane of the Moon; for at that time, the evacuation by the Noftrils naturally lefiens the Kernel, but the next encreafe of the Moon fills it again. In a lefs Malignant fort of Glanders, the fol- lowing method may be tried. Ts.ke an ounce of Bra- mil Tobacco, cut J mall , infufe it fix hours in a quart of good Brandy. Strain the liquor gently through a Clout, and injeft half aglafs of it into bis Noftrils, having firlr taken up his two Neck Veins, two Fin- gers breadth beneath theufual bleeding place \ keep- ing him Bridled four hours before, and two hours after the injedion, and walking him a quarter of an hour in your hand, as foon as he has taken it. vThis Remedy may be repeated every Morning, or every 240 The Compleat Hotfeman : cr$ every fecond, third, or fourth Morning, in greater or lefTer Dofes, in proportion to the abundance of the Evacuation, the lofs of Appetite and beating in the Flanks, which require greater Intervals, and a fmaller quantity. If this caufes too great a com- motion in the Horfe's body, you may infufe two Ounces of Tobacco in a quart of Oil Olive, letting it ftand upon hot Afhes all Night, and in the Morn- ing injed half a glafsful of the ftrain'd liquor, luke- warm, at each Noftril. In purfuing this, or any other method, you muft ftill remember to promote the Evacuation by the Noftrils, during the wane of the Moon, and to ftrengthen nature with Cordials, during its encreafe '-, and during the ufe of evacua- ting Remedies, to keep the Horfe to a moiflening Diet, particularly to moifterfd Bran, which is more eafily digefted than Oats. Perfumes receiv'd at the No- ftrils, are us'd by Farriers, but I never faw 'em do good ; they make the Horfe too lean and dry, and link his Appetite^ befides, injecting with Syringes, makes Perfumes and Feathers ufelefs. But after all, I have feen Horfes hold out for fix years with the Glanders^ and do all their wonted fervice, without the ufe of any Remedies, though indeed the Dif- eafe carried 'em off at laft. Another Remedy for the Glanders, is this. Take the fecond Bark of the Elder-Tree that grows in watery placet cut fmall<, and with it fill a three quart Tot a third fart fully adding two quarts of Water, and boiling it to the Confumftion of one half-, ftirring it from time to time. Then add another Quart, and confume that too. Then pre fs out the remaining Quart, and deffolve in the. ftra'irfd Liquor half a Pound of Oil Olive. Inject half a Pint of this Liquor into his Noftrils, and give him the reft to drink, walking him afterwards abroad in his Cloaths for half an hour. It may be repeated after eight days. Sometimes it corr.pafles the Cure; however, it never produces dangerous effects. Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 241 If the Glanders are curable, the following Reme-^ dy will do the bufinefs *, if they're incurable and the- Lungs quite corrupted, it will kill the Horfe. 5Tis this, Take of Oriental Caftor, grofsly beaten, an ounce ; Gentian beateni and Savin flic'd finally of each art ounce and a half\ boil them in five quarts of ftrong Vinegar to three. After the Liquor is cold, ltraifl it through a Linnen Cloth. Give him a quart of this Liquor, after he has ftood Bridled three hours covering hirri up in the Stable, and not hindring him to lie down ; and two hours after, walking him half an hour. When he recovers his Appetite*' which will happen in two or three days, give him another quart in the like manner; and after that, another, when his Appetite returns. This Remedy will occafion a great Commotion in his Body; buG if he does not cough up part of his Lungs, and runs only at the Noftrils an unbloody, and not greenifh matter, you need not defpair. Emetick Wme is very proper in this, and all other Difeafes of Horfes. It EmttUimnel promotes the Operation of Purgatives, and excites Urine, when Nature ftands in need of fuch Evacuations*, it clears the Windpipe and Lungs and is of lingular ufe in Clyfiers. 'Tis prepar'd by infuling all Night, five or fix Pieces of the finefi glafi of Antimony beaten f mail, in a quart or five half pints of Wmte*mne or Claret *, or letting the Wine ftand 24 hours in a Cup of the Regulm of Antimony •, or by, patting two Ounces of the Liver of Antimony in Pouder* in a three quart Bottleful of White-Wine or Claret 9 of which you may take out five half pints for a Dofe, after it has flood 24 hours ; ftill pouring in frefh Wine for what you take out*, for the fame quantity of the Antimonlal Pouder, will ferve perpetually. The belt AntimonialPreparationj$t\\Q Angelical Pouder, infus'd to an Ounce'm three quarts of Wine. T ho fe who grudge the charge of Wine 7 may infufe in Beer, which will B b product 2 4^ The Compleat Horfeman : ory produce the fame efTe£ts,and is of peculiar ufe in Cly* fters. This Emetkk Wine or Beer, is both given at the Mouth,and in je&ed at the Nolh lis with good fuccefs. Thefe are the beft Remedies yet known j but a true Glanders is for the molt part incurable. CHAP. VI. Of the Difeafes of the Eyes. TH E Difeafes of the Eyes proceed either from 3 defluxion of fharp biting humours, enflaming the Eye j or from fome external hurt. In the for* ifier cafe the Eyes are watry, hot, red and fwollen } and the defiuclion advances gradually : In the latter the Malady comes quickly to a heighth, and on the outfide of the Eye the Skin is peel'd off If the Diftemper proceeds from a Rheum, or peflution, you mull confider whether the Rheum is immediately deriv'd from the Eye, or from another Difaffe&ed part. In the latter cafe the redreffing of the part will fet the Eye free : In the former 'tis proper to cool his Blood with an Ounce of Sal- Trunel, mix'd every day with his bran ; and when it lefTens his Appetite3 to fhift it with Liver of Antimony, till he comes to his Stomach agaiu. If the Eye be fwollen, hot, clos'd up, and red or blood- ihotten, let the following Medicine be immediately applied. Tak^ common Bole Armenickinpouder^ \ A Remedy for m;x ;t ith ri„ej[ar and ty Whites of g Eyes. t^°^-ggh till it be reduc d to a kind or Pafte, to be applied Morning and . Evening, about the Eye, for half a Foot round, bathing the Eye five cr fix times a day, with a lit- I tie fine Spunge foak'd in Brandy. Or, Take a new laid Egg boifd hard '0 and having ta-> | tin off the fell % cut it through the middle, and take out Part II. PerfeB Farrier. a 4 3 cut the Yelk, putting into its place apeice of whit* Vitriol, about the bignefs of a Nut; then joyn the two halfs of the Egg, and wrapping it in a peice of clean and fine Linn en, infufe it in half a glafs of Rofe- Water, for the fpace of fix hours. Then throwing away the foaVd Egg ; pour eight or ten drops of the Water into the Horfe'sEye with a Feather, Morning and Evening. For a prefent Remedy. Take the White of a new laid Egg, an equal quantity of Rofe-Water, the big- nofs of a fmall Nut of white Vitriol in fine pouder* Beat 'em all with a ftick, and put fome of it into the Eye. This allays tfcfc heat, and repulfes the Pvheum. This and all fuch Waters muft be renew'd after fovea or eight days, left they turn iharp or foure. And withal remember, that changing and fhifting of Remedies, retards the Cure very much. If the Diftemper does not yield to _ w thefe Remedies, make ufe of the fol- ;' ^s' a er' lowing Eye-Water. Take four hand fids of true ground ivy, (not the common creeping Ivy, which lafts all Winter,) beat it in a marble Mortar, with the Whites of fix hard Eggs • then add half a pint of very clear White^wine, a quarter of a pint of Rofe-Water, an ounce and, a half of Sugar- candy, and as much whits Vitriol ; beat *em well together with a Pefile^ flrewing upon *em an ounce of white Salt ; then cover the Mor- tar, and place it in a Cellar *, after it has flood there five or fix hours, pour the whole Compofition into a Hippocras Bag of clean white Serge, and fet a Vefiel under it to receive the Water that drops through, which muft be preferv'd in a glafs Bottle ; and eve- ry Morning and Evening pour fome of it into the Horfe's Eye. For a cheap eafy Medicine, take , What follows. Tale a piece of Blue ^J^*P J' or Cyprus Op per at, infufe it in Plan- tanc Watery fir that of Fennel, or of Eye -bright B b 2 ""' P°Und ' *«''/ Le*J extra- the Eyes, "e" m fr^anng the Oil, or if that cannot be had, the common Salt of Lead, in fine pouder, half an Ounce. Incorporate 'em very- well together, and anoint the parts about the Eyes, half a foot round, Morning and Evening, for a conliderable time. For Pains and Inflammations of the Eyes, there's nothing better than a Charge made of Rotten Apples, or of frefh Apples roajled under the Afies, the feeds being taken out, and beaten in a Marble Mor- tar, and fprinkled with Rofe Water ; applying it to the Eye with foft Flax. For the fame end you may apply by way of Tub is, the Cruft of a white Loaf, hot from the Oven, and foak'd in Cow's Milk or Brandy, as alfo Tlantane and Celandine, wrap'd up in a Clout about the Horfe's Poll, leaving holes for the two Ears, and the found Eye. In all Prepara- tions of Remedies for the Eyes, you muft take care to avoid fat and oily Ingredients, becaufe they flick to the part, and by caufing a continual motion of the Eyelid, enflame the heat. Some Horfes have naturally tender weeping Eyes, which void a fnarp Corrofive humour , which are eafily cur'd by bathing the Eyes, and the adja- cent Parts, Morning and Evening, with Brandy. In the Difeafes of the Eyes, occafion'd by external hurts, the fame cooling and aftringent Medicines are proper. But that which may ferve inftead of all other, is thefolution of Lapis MirabilLs, or the Wonderful Stone 7 the virtue of which, is anfwer- able Part II. FerfeB Farrier. 245 able to its Title. The Compofition of the Stone is this. Take of white Vitriol, two founds ; . - .. Roch A Hum, three Pounds ;fine Bole Ar- y^X* ira l' menick^ half a Pound \ Litharge of Gold and Silver , two Ounces. Reduce 'em all to pou- der, and put 'em in a new glaz'd Earthen Pot, With three quarts of Water. Boil them very gently over a fmall Fire, without fmoak, fet equally round the Pot, till the Water is quite wafted, and the matter at the bottom perfectly dry. Then let the matter cool, which will grow harder by long keeping. Now to make an Infuflon of this Stone, you mud put half an Ounce of it, to four Oun- ces of Water in a glafs Bottle , it will diflblve in a quarter of an hour, and make the Water as white as Milk, when you (hake the Bottle. With this Liquour, which will keep good twenty Days, you muft wafh the fore Eye, Morning and Evening, ihaking the Bottle every time. This may fervc inftead of all other Medicines for Rheums, Rlows^ Moon-Eyes, &c. and to my mind is much fafer by way oi Jolution or infuflon, than by way of Psuder blown into the Eye. If after the abatement of the heat, To and flopping of the Rheum, there re- /$££&£ mains a white Film upon the Eye, you Eye. muft remove it, by lifting up the Eye-lids, after the Eye has been wafh'd with Wine} and ftroaking it gently with your Thumb, cover'd with Wheat-Flower, This Method of ftroaking with the Thumb, is better than blowing Pouders in to the Eyes, with a leaden Pipe, becaufe the Horfc cannot be fo much aware of the former, as of the latter. Common-Silt) or Salt of Lead, beaten fine and put into the Eye, are likewife proper to con- fume a Film. Or you may put a little Salt into your Mouth in the Morning faftinc?, and after 'tis B b 3 ' diiTolrd, 2^6 'the Comple at Horseman: or diflblv'd, wa(h the Horfe's Eye with your Spittle'* But above all, there is nothing fo effeftual as Sal* Armoniack, beaten and put into the Eye, and re- peated every day, till the Film is taken oft'. CHAP. VII. Of a Hsemorrhagy, or Bleeding. AHkmorrhap, is a Flux of Bloody at the Nofe or Mouth, occafion'd by uniifual Fatigues ia hot Weather.; which mingle the Blood with a Salt or fpirituous juice, that makes the Blood ferment, and boil out of its VefFels ', or by overfeeding, which occafions a Redundancy of Blood ; or by violent exercife, which makes it boil up, and open the Mouths of the Veins. That a faline Spirituous Li- quor will rajfe a ftrong Fermentation in the Blood, is plain from the violent Ebullition that happens upon mixing the Spirit of Wine,Hartshorn, or Soot, with Blood drawn from the Veins. To flop a Bleeding at Nofe or Mouth, left it kill or weaken the Horfe, you muft immediately let him Blood in the Flanks or Plate Feins of the Thighs, or rather in the Neck, if you take Blood enough in the other parts. Then beat a large quan- tity of Knot-grafs (or, if you cannot find that, of Nettles) to a Majh, and fill the Horfe's Noltrils wichit ; binding alio fome of it to his Temples, and to his Reins, where the Saddle ends, and even to his Stones, if he is not gelt. In Summer let the Horfe ftand two hours in Water, up to his Flanks ', or if you want a Conveniency for that, cover his Head and Back with a Cloath, feven or eight times doubled, and dlp'd in Vinegar and Water. Keep him in the Stable with his He'ad upright, not fuffering trim Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 247 him to lie down ; and from time to time, throw cold Water on his Sheath and Stones; next day Bleed him again, and inject the following cooling Clyfler Take Mallows , and Marjhm allow /, of each a handful ; Plant am, two hand- A Clyfter for fuh ', Succory, Lettuce, and Pur flam, of Bleeding. each a handful. Boil 'em in five pints of Water, with an ounce and a half of Sal Poly- chreft in Pouder. To the ftrain'd liquour, add a quar- ter of a found of the Ointment Populeum (not adul- terated with Verdigreafe) or of the true Vunguentum Ro~ fatum. Make a Clyfler to be inje&ed, after you have rak'dthe Horfe. If the Bleeding ftill continues, notwithstanding thefe Precautions, take Plantane Leaves, beaten and mix'd with Male Frankincenfe, Aloes or Myrrh, and put 'em into his Noftrils, holding his Nofe up, as if you were going to give him a Drench ; then cover him with the Gloath dip'd in Oxycrate^ and throw cold Water frequently on his Sheath and Stones. If the Blood runs with a violent ftream, take the pouder of the Stone-Afs's Dung, dry'd in a (hade % and blow it plentifully into the Horfe's Nofe, thro' a glafs Pipe or Lead. This is an excellent Snuft both for Men and Horfe, who are apt to Bleed at Nofe *, and fmells only of dry Herbs. However for the fake of nice Riders, that will not keep abosE them whatfmellsof Afs-turd7 1 ihall fubjoyn the fol- lowing Remedy. Take a Hare kili'd in March % flay her, and with- out larding prepare her for the Spit, but do not put her upon it ; then dry her in an Oven, fo that the whole fiefh may be reduc'd to pouder, which, if blown plentifully into the Horfe's Nofe, will err feciually ftanch the Blood. B b 4 \i v$> The Contphat Horfeman : ory la any time of the Year, you may ufe in the like irianuerrjjf Ponder of the rinds of Fomegranats, Roman Vitriol and Allum, in equal quantities *, and it will keep long without loflng its vertue. CHAP. vnr. Of the Vives. THEVives is a Swelling and Inflammation of the Glands and Kernels of the Keck, which ftraitens the Windpipe, and occasions fuch a diffi- culty of breathing and uneafinefs, that the Horfe frequently lies down and ftarts up again, and tum- bles about ftrangely. The Caufes are, drinking, or being expofed to cold after a violent heat, in which cafe the humours being melted down, fall too plenti- fully upon the Kernels gating too large a quantity of Barley ,Oats,Whea tor Rye;aKd feveral other caufes, owing to the Jndifcretion of the Rider or Groom. Unlefs the Vive s be fo large, that 'A Remedy for the Horfe is in prefent danger of be- tbe Vivtu ing ftified, I would not advife you to open it. The better way is to rot them, by taking hold of the Kernel with a pair of . Pincers or Pliers, and beating the Swelling gently, with the handleofafhoeing'Hammcr, or bruifing the tumours with your hand, till they are fufficiently foften'd : After which they will certainly difappear. But this method mud not commence, till the Swel- ling is ripe, which is known by the eafy feparation of the Hair from the Skin, when one plucks it with his hand. The place where the inflam'd Ker- nel lies, is ti at'd by bending the Horfes Ear down- wards towards his Throat, near the Cheek-bone-, md in that plfgcc where it touches the Skin, is the Inflammation, Part II. FerfcB Farrier. o.\g Inflammation icated, and there you will find the Kernel tfcat muft be taken up with the Pincers- Having rotted, or in cafe of neceffity, open'd the Fives i bleed the Horfe under the Tongue, and after that in the Flanks -, wafh his Mouth with Salt and Finegar ; blow fome of the Vinegar into his Ears, rubbing and fqueezing them hard to make it penetrate,for it powerfully affwages the pain that is communicated to the Jaws, by reafon of their nearnefs to the Seat of the Fives. Then make the Horfe drink a quart of Wine, with Two handfuls of Hempfeed beaten, two Nutmegs grated, and the Yelks of fix Egg*<> walking him gently half an hour af- ter. About an hour after the giving of that Draught, which is a good and fure Remedy, inject the following Clyfler. Boil five pints of Beer (or of Wine and Water) with an Ounce and a half of Sal A Q]yfter for Polychreft in fine Vender ; remove it from the Vives. the Fire ; add two Ounces of Oil of Bay ', and injetl it Blood-warm. Or, Take the five opening Roots, of each one handful? beat \m grofsly, and boil \m in three quarts of Water for a quarter of an hour ; add the Joftening Herbs^ Mallows, Fiolets, Herb Mercury, and Pellitory of the Wall of each one handful ; boil them again as before } then fir ain out the liquor, and add a pint of Emetic^ Wine ; Hony of the Herb Mercury, half a Pound ', frejh Butter four Ounces • Oil of Rue, two Ounces^ make a Clyfter to be inje&ed after you have rak'd the Horfe. You will rarely meet with any in~ ftance of this Diflemper, that will jffure Remedy not yield to the following Medicine, fir the Vives. Take anOunceof Fenice Treacle, in a quart of red Wine -, or if the Difeafe be violent, tnapint of Brandy : Let him drink it. At the fame time prepare a Clyfter of the fiftning Herbs, with 40 259 The Compleat Horfeman: cry An oupce and a hdlf of Liver of Antimony in pouder ; ad- ding to the drained liquor, two ounces of Venice Trea. */*, with a quarter of a found offrejh Butter. CHAP. I.X Of the Cholkky Fret or Gripes. a ,-k*^t f * JTHH E Cholick^ proceeds either from AChoucK from I r •. * c tir 1 wxrifttdmg. X over-feeding ; or from Wind ; or from a glalTy Flegm in the Inteftines '■> or from Worms \ or from a Itoppage of Urine. It always attends the Vives. That from over- fee ding, is cur'd by Evacuating with Carminative dyfiers (not with Vomits, for they never take effe& in Horfesj and ftrengthening Na- ture with Cordials , of which Orvietan, and the Ef- fence of Vipers are the moll celebrated. The Oroie- tan is thus prepar'd. TheOrvie- Ta^e °f Sa£e> Rue-> Rofemary and j-.ln# Coats Rue, of each a handful j Car- duns Beneditlm, Dittany of Crete, Roots of Mafterwort, white Bohemian Angelica^ Biftort, round and long BJrthwort, white Dittany, Oalangal, Gentian^ Cofimary, Aromatick^ Reedy and Tar [ley -feed, of each an Ounce % Bayberries, and Juni- fsrberries, of each half an Ounce ; Cinnamon, Cloves, and Nutmegs,, of each three- Drams -, SeaPd Earth $refarxd with Vinegar, and old Venice Treacle, of each an Ounce ', Pouder of Vipers, four Ounces \ Wall- nuts cleansed and dry*d, Crum of white Bread drfd, *} each eight Ounces j clarified Honey, fev en pounds. Chop the WalinutSy beat *em with the Breads then pafs 7em thro* 'a Scarce, turned up fide down, adding :the Pouder s and other Ingredients, and at the I aft the Trcacb .tad Hvmy* This is the true preparation of the ■Part II. TerfeB Farrier. 1 5 1 the Orvietw, which is an excellent Medicine in nioft Difeafes for Horfes, efpecblly in the Cholick, being given in Wine, and the Horfe being afterwards walked and, well cover'd. All the Virtues of this excellent Medicine, are fully enjoy'd by the EJfencQ of Vipers , which is thus prepar'd. Take of purify" d Mire, pure Salt of ^ ^^ of Sarth (to ve had oj thofc who make Yipers# Salt Peter) of each a pound. Dry them, reduce them to poud.tr ; and mix them with four times 04 much Totters Earth fearc'd. Let the whole fiand three or four days in an Earthen Van, in a Cellar, till the Salts are diffolvd. Then reduce all to a fort of Pafte, to be form'd into little Balls, of thebignefs of fmall Nutts, adding fome drops of Water^ if the Mafs be too dry. After.the Balls are dry, put 'em into an Earthen Retort, dipilling them as Aquafortis is ufually diftiil'd, and you will find in the Recipient a Menfiruum, fit to diflblve Vipers. Put this Liquor in a Ma crafs, with a moderate heat, and throw to it a Liv* Viper-, which will quickly expire, and afterwards melt away like Anchovy's in Butter. Then pour off the clear liquor, after it has fettled ', and referve it for the Bffence of Vipers, to be mix'd with three parts of Deftilled Cordial Wa- fers. The moft peculiar fign of the Wind Tbg wtna\ Cholick is a fwelling of the Horfe 's Bo- cbolhk! .dy, as if it were ready to burft, accom- panied by the tumbling and toiling, common to the other kinds of Cholkkj. 5Tis frequently caus'd by Tickling, 'Tiscur'd by bleeding in the Flanks, and under the Tongue ; and walking him frequently fometimes at a Trot, and fometimes at a Foot- pace. If it continues, injedt the following Cly* ficr. Take two ounces of the Drofs of Liver of Antimony^ in fine ponder j boiYem a little^ butu very briskly-) in five fints a 52 The Compleat Horfeman: or, pints of Beer. With three or four Ounces of good Oil of Bay ^ make a C/y/er to be injected luke- warm, and repeated every two hours. But the moft efFe&ual Expeller of Wind, is three or four Ounces of the fol- lowing Oil in the ordinary Clyfters. . c . Take Rue, Calamint-, wild Marjo- tive Oil for ram* m^ fenny -Royal, *H dr?d in the Clyfters, Jhade, of each one handful ; feeds of Cum- min, Carrots, and Fennel, and Bayber- ries, of each an Ounce *, Oil Olive, two Pounds ; White Wine a pint. Pound the Herbs, bruife the Seeds*, and put alltogether' in an Earthen glaz'd Pot, covering it with another Pot fomewhat lefs, and luted with Clay or Pafte. Boil 'em over a flow Fire about fix houn. After it has half cool'd, ftrain out the Oily and add four Ounces of the Pulp of Colo- quintida. Then put the Oil again into the fame Pot, covering and luting it as before: And boil it with a gentle heat, fix or eight hours ; after which, let it boil briskly half an hour, and after it is half cool'd uncover the Pot, and prefs out the Oil, which is a cheap durable Medicine, and more efFe&ual than any other Ingredient in Carminative Clyfters. rjbe A Cholick taking rife from a fharp Bet orcZul SlaflV Mrtegm, is at once more occult, and more fatal than any of the pre- ceding kinds. In this Difeafe, which is often ufher'd in by a Loofenefs of a day's ftanding, the Horfe fweats in the Flanks and Ears-, he endeavours in vain to Dung *, what Excrements he voids are few, and moftly Phlegm, that cannot be fepirated from the Guts without great pain *, after fuch an Evacu- ation he has a moment of eafe,and feems to be per- fectly cur'd •, but his Torments return in an Inftant, , attended by a lofs of Appetite, a frequent lyi»g down, and ftarting up, and a looking upon his Flank* Fo| I Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 253 For Cure : Take two quarts of Milk,, or of Tripe- broth % Oil Olive, and frejh Buttery of each four or five Ounces \ the yelks of fix Eggs, and two or three Ounces of Sugar. Make a Clyfter to be repeated every three hours. Purgatives given at the Mouth, increafe the pain by moving the humours and twitching the Guts : So that Clyfiers, frequently in- jected are infinitely preferable -, to which after the pain is fomewhat afTwag'd, we mufl add two ounces of ' Diaphoretic^ Antimony, in order to melt the Hu- mours, and remove the Caufes. The following Mix- ture is an eafy and familiar Remedy of good ufe, to allay the pain, attenuate the thick humours, and qualify their heat and fharpnefs. Take Oil of Rofes, and common Oil, of each a pound \ fine Sugar, eight ounces ', Rofe-Water, a pint. Mix, and pour a glafsful down his Throat with a Horn, every three hours. When you perceive that the Horfe is freed of his pain, feed him with BranRven or eight Days-, af- ter which to extirpate the caufe, purge him with the following Oil, which is preferable to all other Pur- gatives, by reafon that it moves a Horfe 's Belly with out thofe fatal diforders that commonly enfue upoa the taking of other Purgatives-, tho' indeed I could wifh, fome powerful Diaphoretic!^ were fubftituted in the place of all Purgatives, ft nee they prove fo per- nicious to Horfes. The Oil I fpeak of, is this. Take of Oil Olive, three pounds ; Cla- ret Wine, a pint ; pulp of Colocjuwttda, *n ?* ™ five Ounces ; Flower of Lin feed, an Ounce and an half', three Lilly Roots, cut into round Jli- ces ', Mifsletoe of the Apple-tree beaten, an Ounce j Chamomil Flowers, a handful. Put all the Ingre- dients into a Pot, cover'd exactly with another fomewhat lefs, and lute the Jun&ures of the VefTeis with Clay, temper'd with a little Hair or Wool. After the Clay is dried, boil the whole Compofition gently £^4 ^he Compleat Hot fern an : or^ gently eight or ten hours. When 'tis half cold, ftrain it through a Linnen Cloth, and give to the Horfe one half of it lukewarm, in a pint of Tripe or Sheeps-Head Broth^ not fat \ adding a little more afterward?, if you find him hard to be wrought upon. This Oil will keep ten Years, without the leafl Alteration. Tis a good Purge for fuch Horfes as continue lean after hard labour. Tho' the Colo- quintida in it, may feem improper in a Cholick, yet its fharpriefs being temper 'd by the 0//, renders it a proper Medicine. Sometimes violent and unfufferablc cholich™ Cholick pains, are occcaflon'd by broad, thick and fhort Worms, or Trucheons, like little Beans, of a red colour \ which gnaw and pierce the Guts, and fometimes eat holes thro' the Maw, and fo kill the Horfe. The Signs of fuch a Cholick, are red Worms are voided along with the Ex- crements (for the long white Worms feldom gripe a Horfe) the Horfe's Siting his Flanks or Belly in the extremity of pain, or tearing offhisSkin \ and then turning his Head and locking upon his Belly ; his fweating all over the body, his frequent throw- lag himfelf down and ftarting up again, with ie- veral unufual Poftures. For the Cure, Take half an Ounce of Mercuriut dulcis ('tis worth i%d. an Ounce, and do's not prick the Tongue as the Sublimate does) an Ounce and an half of old Venice Treacle. Make up the whole into three Pills, to be given in a Pint of Cla- ret. An hour after, in order to entice the Worms to the ftreight Gut, inject a fweet Glyfler of Milk or Inpe Broathj with the Yel\s of Eggs , and half a pound of Sugar. - The following Touder has a Angular virtue ot killing Worms, and at the fame time correcting Indigeftion, difpelling' W inland qualiifyingaglafly Phlegm. So that 'tisjuftly reckon'd aSpecificktoT all Part II. Perfect Farrier. 255 s)\ the kinds of Cholicks above mcntion'd ; and ought to be kept ready made by Travellers, iince Cholicks are fo frequent upon a Journey, and 'tis hard to adjuft the particular Species of 'em. The Specifick is this. Take Roots of Mafler-worty Leaves, and Roots of Radices, greater Centory, fQr ^JTkMs and Tanfy, all drtfd in the Summer- of Cholicks. Sun , or in the moderate heat of an Oven in Winter, of each a pound ; Germander , Ground- pine? Roots of Angelica and Elecampane, all dry*d in the Jhade^ of eacn half a pound ', Sea-mofs, and Liver Aloes, of each four Ounces; Gdangal, Nutmegs and Sal Prunella, of each two Ounces. Pound 'em all apart, then mix and keep 'em in a Leathern Bag, or glafs Bottle clofe ftopp'd. The Dofe is from a a Ounce to two Ounce and a half, according to the fize of the Horfe, to be mix'd with three or four Drams of Old Treacle, or an Ounce of Treacle Dia» teffaron, or Mithridate ', and given in a pint of White- wine ; walking the Horfe afterwards in his Cioaths. If y@u fufped Worms, an Ounce and an half of the Specifick Pouder, mix'd with half an Ounce of Mercu- rim dulcis, will infallibly kill them. Thofe who are prejudic'd againft Mercury, may mix an ounce. of the Specifick Pouder with an Ounce of Aloes,, three drams of Coloquinttda7 as much of Agariclu and half an Ounce of Turbith -, and give the whole in a quart of Wite-wine, with a quarter of a pint of the Gall of an Ox, covering him well after it, and walking him for a quarter of an hour. This will at once purge and kill the Worms : But it is on- ly proper for great Eaters, and that about two or three days after the Fit of the Cholick is over. Thofe who have not the Specific^ Pouder ready made, may put in its place an Ounce or two of the fol- lowing Pouder, which is cheap and afily pre- pared, viz.* 2 1$6 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ Take of common Parfley Roots drfd -ci*P it in the fiade, tn° pounds • grains of Pa- cihck for the ,. J A- j fm '* . ,y. . Cholick. radice, and Rinds of Oranges, dry d and reduced to pouder, of each a pound ', Pi- geons dung, half a pound. Make a coarfe pouder, to be kept in a Leather Bag. A choice Re Th°fe wb° 3re curious' may pre- medf for the Par.e the following dulcify'd Spirit 5 cholick. which indeed,isanexcellent,and with- al a cheap and durable Remedy. Tak? of Spirit of Nitre about half a pound, pour it by drops upon a a equal quantity of the beft Spirit of Wine, to prevent too violent an Ebullition. After the Agitation ceafes, put the whole liquor in a C«- curbit, with its Head and Receiver, and diftil with a gentle Sand heat -, Cohobating or repeating the Diftillation of the Liquor that comes over four feveral times * by which means the Spirit will unite and become fweet. Give a dram and a half or two drams of this Spirit in White-Wine ; and an ounce and a half, or two ounces in an ordinary Clyfter. If thefe Medicines prove fucceflefs, give the Horfe two fttnking Pills in a pint of Wine, and an hour after a Clyfter, repeating the fame Dofe a iecond or third time, if the pain ftili continues. This is only proper, after the Trial of other Me- dicines* The cboihk Sometimes a Horfe is feiz'd with a from a fup- ChoUck, in which he cannot ftale. prejpon of 7* he caufes are either Obftructions in Unne. the ^tQ^ 0f tne Bladder, or an In- flammation of the Bladder, or (tho* very rarely) Sand and Gravel. Without timely affiftance, this Cholick, proves mortal. You may know it by thefe Signs •, he tumbles and rifes often, he offers in vain to ftale; oftentimes his body fwells, and fometimes he fweats about the Flanks. The Cure muft commence Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. i$f Commence with a foftning Clyfler, mix'd with Tur* pentine, diflblv'd with the Telks of Eggs, and the Carminative Oil prefcrib'd for Wind*Cholicks. Theri give what follows 5 Take about four Ounces of dry*d Pige- ons Dw?eiflg fpungy, imbibe the faline Spirits of the Sea. e c &$ $5% The Compkat Horfeman : ory As for theCwn?-, the Horfe mult be fed mthBran inftead of Oats. Give him a cooling Clyfler, next day let him Blood, the day after inject another Clyfter, and next day after that bleed him again, not exceeding the quantity of two Pounds of Blood at a time. This done, boil two Quarts of Water , and put it into a fail-full of common Water , with a large handful of Oriental Bole, beaten to Powder. Mix all well, and let the Horfe drink it lukewarm for his ordinary Drink, Morning and Evening ", gi- ving him full liberty to drink, and quench his Thirft, which in this Difeafe is exceflive ^ for the more he drinks, he will be the fooner cured. A staV f Sometime a Horfe, thro7 immode- £looa\ ^ rate exercife in the Heat of Summer, pifles pure Blood. If a Vein or Vef- fel be broken, it is mortal. If it proceeds only from the heat of the Kidneys? 'tis eafily cur'd ; for in that cafe all the Urine is not Blood, for a fmall quantity of Blood will give a red Tincture to a large quantity of Urine. For the Cure ; bleed the Horfe, and give him every Morning, for fix or feven days, three pints of the Infufion of Crocus Me- tallorum in White-wine *, (which will both cleanfe the Bladder, and heal the part affected) keeping hjm bridled four hours before, and after taking it. If this Difeafe is accompanied with a heat and beating in the Flanks, give him a cooling Clyfter in the Evening \ bleed him a fecond time •, and dif- folve two Ounces of Sal Polychrefi in the three pints of Emetick. Wine prefcribed to be given every Mor- ning. If the Sal Polychrefi fpoils his eating, or if the EmetickJWine does not compafs the Cure ^ give the following Medicine, the vermes of which I have experienced. fake Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 259 Take two Ounces of the befi Venice A R ^ Treacle, or for want of that, of Via- gainft; piffing teffaron ', common Honey, and fine Su- of Blood. gar, of each four Ounces, Incorporate yem in a Mortar J then add Annifeed, Cor lander- feed, and Liquorice, of each two Ounces in fine Powder* Mix 'em well, and give it diUblv'd in a quart of Claret, keeping him bridled three hours before and after ', and let him Blood next day. The next day after that, injeft the following Ciyfler* Boil five pints of Whey made of Cows Milk, with two ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Antimony, in fine Powder : As foon as it begins to rife in great bubbles, remove it from the lire ', and adding four ounces of Oil Olive, inject it lukewarm. If the Dif- eafe continues, as I believe it will not, you mult repeat the whole courfe. CHAP. XL Of the Stavers And Giddinefs* IN the Stavers or Staggers, a Horfe The stavers* lofes the ufe of hisSenfes^ he reels and daggers, as if he were drunk, beats his Head againlt the Walls and Manger with extream Vio- lence, and lies down and rifes with greater fury than in the Cholick. The Caufes of this Diftemper are hard Riding,or Labour in hot Weather, noifome fmells in the Stable, long Races, with frequent wheeling about, and quick turns *, exceflive eating, and above all a redundancy of hot and fharp Hu- mours in the Stomach. For the Cure : Bleed him in the Flanks and Plate- Veins of the Thighs ^then give him a Clyfier of two quarts of Emetick V/me, lukewarm,, with a, G c % quarter %6o The Compleat Horfeman : or, quarter of a Pound of the Ointment Populeum ; after which, fuffer him to repofe a while. About an Hour or two after that Clyfter is voided, inject the following. Boil two Ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Antimony r, in fine Powder , in five Pints of Beer. Af- ter five or fix Waums, remove it from the Fire, and adding a quarter of a Pound of Vnguentum Ro- fatum, injeft it lukewarm. Repeat this Clyfter frequently '>> and rub his Legs flrongly with a Wifp of Straw moiften'd in warm Water, to make a Re- half a Vim i £»*W> half legs. *> found. Mix them in a gla"z'd Ear- then-Pot, cover'd with a lefferPot, exa&ly fitted to it. Lute the Junctures carefully With Clay, mix'd with Horfe's Dung or Hair; and after the Cement is dried, fet the Pot on a very gentle Fire, and keep the Ingredients boiling very foftly, for eight or ten Hours. Then take off the Pot, and fet it to cool. With this Compoftion you are to chafe the Alafter Sinew, having firft rubb'd it with your Hand, till it grows hot. Re- peat the Compofition every day. Or, Take a fufficient Quantity of Worms, WnrL fit wafo 'e™» and leTve 'em in clean Worms, audits ,_, _ * . , „ compoundvim- Water fix Hours, that they may caft menu forth their filth •, then put 'em in an Earthen-Pot, with fo much Oil Olive, as may rife the breadth of two Fingers above them, the Pot remaining half empty. Cover the Pot, and lute the Juntlures with Clay; mixt with Hair or Saddle Stuffings j then bury it in warm Horfe-dung* and Part IL TerfeB Farrier. 26$ and after it has flood there three Days and three Nights, take it out ', and as foon as 'tis cold uncover it, taking care to avoid the noifome Smell, and ftrain out the 0/7, with which you are to anoint the Horfe's Legs every Day for the fpace of twelve Days, efpecially the Sinews*) having firft rubb'd them into a Heat with your Hand -, and after the Inun&ion, foment each Leg with a Quarter of a Pint of Brandy, to make the 0/7 link in. If the 0/7 does not operate fafficiently, add to a Pound of it, the Oils of Caftor, Foxes, Camomil, and Lillies^ of each an Ounce and an half ; Ointment of Marfn- rnallows, and Populeum, of each two Ounces. Mix the whole Compofition over the Fire, and with Bees-wax, make an Ointment, of which, the Big- nefs of a Wallnut for each Leg, is to be ufed eve- ry Day in the fame manner as the 0/7,, The Oil does not make the Hair fall ; but the Ointment does, though it will grow again without leaving any Mark. To comfort and ftrengthen the Sinews ; take a Goofe moderately fat, £ *&**ty to make her ready for the Spit; fluff fifij* her Belly with the Leaves or Mai- iegu J lows, Sage, Rofemary, Thyme, Hyffof, Lavender, Mugwort, and other convenient Herbs^ with a Jarg* Quantity of green Juniper- berries beaten. Then few up the Skin, and fet her into an Oven to bake in a glazed Earthen»-pan% that you may not lofe the fat or Greafe : With which you mufl anoint the Legs of a Tir'd Horfs every Evening (for feven or eight Days) and next Morning chafe them with Brandy above the Greafe, Above all, in Summer, let the Tir'd Horfe ftand two whole Hours every Day up to the Hammes in a Stream of Water ; and in the Month of May,make him lie abroad in the Dew, or elfe lead him out to a Mea: 2.66 TheCompleat Horfeman: or a Meadow every Morning, and bathe and rub his Legs with the Dew gather'd with a Spunge. To ftrcngthen the Sinews, and refolve hard knots *, you may apply Spirit of Wine, with a little Oil of Wax. Tocurefwird *f felling upon the Legs be oc- Gourdy Legs, cafion d by a flight accident ; you may take it away, by applying once every day cold Lees of Wine, mix'd with a fourth pan of Vinegar. If that does not anfwer, Take a Gallon *f Lees of Red Wine • boil era foftly over a clear Fire, ftirring them perpetually till they begin to thicken J then add fine Wheat-Flour and Honey, of **cb two pounds -, Blacky Soap, a pound. Boil and Sir, till the whole is reduced to the Confidence of ^Charge; to be applied every day. For a hard Tumour upon the Legs, ftTtel- 0f long ftandipg: Take of the Horfe's ting* own Vrine (or, if that cannot be had, of Cows Urine, which you may eafily have, by roufmg them up in a Morning) a pint $ Flowers of Brim ft one, half an ounce \ Allum, a Br am, Boil it away to half a pint ; with which yeu mult chafe the Swelling hard every Morning and Even- ing, and wrap about the pare an old Rag, dipp'd ia the fame. „ „ w To refolve a Swelling in the Thigh A Bath to re- T «- r t & . ■ ?, Mvebtrd 0r Le£ '' Takf* m the SPnt7^ or %n the Tumours. ttme °f ^^ent, before Chriftmas, ten pounds of green Mallow Roots (at Other times, takt fix pounds of the dry Roots.) Beat them to a Mafli, and boil them gently with ten quarts of Water in a Kettle for two hours \ then pour in as much hot Water as was boil'd away, adding three handfuls of Sage-leaves^ and continue to boil an hour and an half, or two hours longer. Then take off the Kettle, and add two Pounds of Honey, and *ne Pound of black Soap, incorporating all together : Part II. Terftft Farrier. 26 7 Let it cool till you can e'en endure to thruftthe end of your Finger into it: then add** quart of firong Brandy. Foment the Swelling with this Bath every day, and afterwards chafe it with a handful of the Dregs of it ; then walk the Horfe half an hour. If by the heat and hardnefs of the part, you per- ceive that it tends to Suppuration -, omit the Bath, and apply Bajilicum. In like manner you may refolve Swellings with half a pint of Brandy, a found of black Soap, and as much Honey, mix'd cold \ and rubb'd upon the part every day. For a hard Swelling occafion'd by To cuye a hard a Blow : Beat the whites of fix Eggs, Swelling occafi- with a large piece of Allum, for half o»'d by a Blow, a quarter of an hour, till they be re- duced to a thick. Froth* Then add a glafs of true Spirit of Wine (Brandy being improper in this cafe.) Shake the Froth and Spirit till they incorporate; then mix the whole with half a Pound of Honey, and charge the Korfe's Legs three or four times, fcour- ing offthe Charge with Water, in which Dimes have been wafh'd. If there be occafion, repeat the Charge ; for 'tis an experiene'd Remedy, both for the fore and hinder Legs. To prevent the Swelling of the Legs that often enfues upon a long ^wtir^Yth galloping,or a great Journey; as foon zeWJftlr « as the Horfe is put into the Stable, journey. Charge the parts with Cows Dung, mix'd with Vinegar -, which will alfo cure, as well as prevent. The following fimple Charge is of a Remolads very good ufe, not only for Blows fir a Blow. and Stroaks with another Horfe's Foot, and Swellings of the fore and hinder Legs ; but for all forts of Swellings, Bruifes, and Hurts in any part of the Body. 'Tis this, Mix 2c58 TheCompIeat Horfeman; ory a found of Whs at -flour with White*wine, to the Con- fidence of Gruel, and boil it over a gentle fire, ftir- ring without intermiflion, till the whole be united. Then melt a pound of Burgundy Pitch in a Skillet '7 adding a found and a half of Honey, and a pound of common Turpentine, to be mixed with the Gruel, moderately hot. After you have remov'd the VefTel from the Fire, add two Pounds of Oriental Bole in Powder •, and make a charge to be applied hot, and repeated till the Swelling be affwaged. Aneafyteme- . To avoid the iawnvcnicncy of bc- dj jor Blows. inS defhtute of a Remedy, for want of fome of the prefcrib'd Ingredients, 'twill not be improper to fubjoin another eafy Re- ceipt for Swellings in the Legs, occafion'd by Blows, viz.. Take ftrong Brandy, chafe the Part with it liard, and then charge the whole Leg with common Honey. Renew the Application once every day, for fix or feven days. Then wafh your Horfe in a Itivir or Pond twice every Day. Another eafy and effe&ual Remedy, is, Haifa Tint of good Vinegar, mixd with half a Pound of Tal- low, and an Ounce of the flower of Brimftone : Or, a Mixture of common Bole, Honey, and Water, for fmall Tumours. Sometimes upon an ill-cur'd Sinew* hn^Llwh SPrah> tho' the Lamenefs ceafes> yet aniuLur'Tsf- t^[e undiffolv'd Humours gather into new-sprain. very hard Swellings : In which cafe \ Take of Lin feed- flour and Bean-flour^ of each a large Pint ; of the flrongefi Brandy, a Pint and a half. Boil them over a fmall Fire to the Confiftence of Gruel, (lirring without inter- miflion. Then add a Pound of Honey : Boil and ftir till the whole be incorporated. After which re- move it from the Fire, and mix it with half a Pound of Mules or Horfes Greafe. Charge the part with this Compofaion3 having firft fliav'd it, and chafed it Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 26$ it very hard with cold Spirit of Wine. After the Charging, cover it with Flax, wrapping about it a piece of Linnen-Cloth to be few'd on, not ty'd, for fewing is a more equal and painlefs Bandage, After two days, take off the Dreffmg, and bathe the Part with Spirit of Wine. After which, repeat the Application every day } and in five or fix times dreffing, the Swelling may be aflwag'd with little Charge or Trouble. If the Swelling is fo inveterate and hard, that 'twill not yield to any ^r^*"£ Application ( as it often happens ; ) uFb} IteZm- you muftpf the lire along the Swel- mon feme dies. ling, beginning at the Top? and drawing the lines or ftroke's downwards, at the diftance of half a Finger's breadth from one ano- ther i or crofs-ways, if you pleafe } taking care not to pierce the Skin, and above all to draw a line on each fide of the Leg, between the Sinew and the Bone, defcending as far as the Pafterv. If the Stroaks be only made of a Cherry-colour, there will be no occafion for Plaifters : But only to wafli the fear'd Parts with Brandy and Honey ^ till the Scab falls off, and to bathe the Sores with Spirit of Wine. If there be any over-growing Flefh, con- fume it with Allum •, or, if that fail, with Powder of Copperas. If you give the Fire crofs-ways, round the hinder Leg, let the lines meet on the midft of the back Sinew \ but 'tis needlefs to draw the ftrokes over the Bone in the fore-part of the Leg. The Fire mull be given in the Wane of the Moon ; and the Horfe muft reft 27 Days, i. e. nine for the Augmentation, nine for the fettled State, and nine for the Abatement enfuing upon the Operation. GHAP, 270 The Cowpleat Horfeman : or> CHAP. XIV. Of MdenderSy Selenders, S pi ems, Wind*Gdls9 Farcy~knotsy and other Swellings. MaUnders. f i 1 H E MaUnders are certain chops JL on the bending of the Knee, which void a red (harp biting Water. They are painful, and make the Horfe halt, or at leaft go ftiff at his firft going out of the Stable. They are eafily known by the {taring briftled Hairs about them, and are accompanied with a fort of Scab. The Selenders are chops of the fame Selengers. nature, on the bending of the Hoof. They are more unfrequent than Ma* lenders-, and confequently more dasgerous, as denoting a greater quantity of humours in the Hoof. For Cure of both. 'Tis improper to dry up the Sore. We mull: content our felves with qualifying the fharpnefs of the acid humour ', by fcouring off the Corruption flicking on the Hair or Skin, with Blacky Soap (which is an Alkali) and rubbing the MaUnders with it \ and then walhing the part with Vrine, or good Lye, or Oil of Nuts ihaken with Water. But the fureft method of Cure is, to a- noint the Sores once a day, with a Mixture of equal parts of Linfeed Oil and Brandy, fhak'd till it grows white. Which is an excellent Medicine, and does at once both dry and allay the fharpnefs* If the Selenders caufe a hard Swelling, that hinders the motion of the Hoof, you may give the Fire with good fuccefs ; for the fituation of the part is in- convenient for the application of Remedies. A SpUnt Part II. TerfeB Farrier. 271 ASplent is a callous, hard, and in- fenfible Swelling on the Shank^bone } SpUnts. which fpoils the fliape of the Leg, when it grows big. The ordinary caufe of it, is a hurt on the Shankjbom, that injures its furrounding Skin or Poriofteum ; fo that the humours repairing thither, gather into a Swelling. Sometimes 'tis cccafion'd by over-riding or over-working, when the Horfe is young, and his Bones tender ; for the draining of the Bone makes it fubjeft to Defkixions of humours, which flipping in between the Bone and its Membrane, rife gradually into a hard lump, that draws its nourilhment from the Bone, which I have feen full of holes like a Sieve in that part. Now, to proted the weak Bone, nature makes a Callus, which we call a Splent. If the SpUnt be increafed by Travelling, and afcend to the Knee ? it makes a Horfe halt *, and is more difficult to cure. In young Horfes a Splent may be eafilj cur'd; but in old ones, it can hardly be removM- If it be only the natural misfhaping of the Bone $ 'tis not to be cur'd, as being a Blemifh rather than a Difeafe. For the cure of Splents, violent Cauflicks, which often fcale the Bone, and dry up the Sinew, are very pernicious ; for tho' they take away the Splent^ they weaken the Leg extreamly. The better way is to fhave off the Hair, ^*Xt and beat or rub the Swelling with the handle of a Shooing-Hammer, till it be (of- tend j then chafe the Splent with the juice that fweats out of both ends of three or four Haz.el-fticks9 burnt while the full Sap is in them, applying it as hot as you can without burning : After which, rub or bruife the Swelling with one of the fticks ; and continue to apply the hot juice, and rub till it grows foft *, then apply a Linnen Cloth, five or fix times doubled, and dipt in the hot Hawl-juice, fuffering it a 7 2 The Compleat Horfeman : ory it to remain four and twenty hours. And at the end of nine days, the Splent will be difiblv'd, pro- vided you keep your Horfe conftantly in the Stable ; and the Hair will grow again. If the Splent is only leflen'd, and not quite remov'd, repeat the Ope- ration a Month after. The following Ointment is an effe&ual Remedy for foften'd Splents, Wind-galls, and (even the greateft) Farcy-Knots. In May*, and fometimes in April? ointment of between ten a Clock in the Morning, mni-Gatts an(* two *n t^ie Afternoon, you may and Cords. fifld fa Tilfd or Corn-fields, in low and fliady Places, an Oily Beetle, or black May-worm, call'd in Latin, Mail Avicula, or Scar abaus Vnttuo fus ^ which has the refemblance of a Head, at the end of its true Head, and a fort of Wings faften'd to its Body, like two Targets, and covering all the fore-part of the Shoulders, tho* it does not flyj Its Back is fcaly, and its Tail very fat, and is as it were welted. It has fix Feet, and. creeps very flowly. There are fome of 'em very long, thick, and fat ; and the fmalleft are about an Inch long. 'Tis cold to the Touch, and if plac'd upon one's Hand commonly voids a very ftinking Oil. Take 300 of thefe Beetles, ftamp yem with a found of Oil of Bay. After it has ftood three Months * melt it,and ftrain it thro' a Linnen Cloth, throwing away the grofs Subftance, and preferving the reft, as a fovereign Ointment for the ufes above-mention- ed. It produes the Effect of a lietoire, by drawing out the Corruption, and raifing Blifters full of Red, Waters, which are fucceeded by Scabs that dry of themfelves : After which the Hair grows again. 'Tis applied cold, the Hair being firft fhav'd off very clofe j and a hot Bar of Iron being held near the part while it is applied. It totally diflipates a Wind-gall in the fpace of nine Days j only the Swelling Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. a 73 Swelling it occafions, mull be afTwag'd by applying Brandy* Swellings, fucceeding to old Sinew- Sprains, if they are not very hard, will be refolv'd by one or two applications of this Ointment; but the Ope- ration of the firft muft be over, before you attempt a fecond. This Ointment performs its cure* in the fpace of nine days. For Stents foften'd after the ufual manner, and prick'd ; the following * }eJs &*&'* ^. ' r. ,, ^ 1, „.. , ^r £ Ointment for Ointment, apply'd to the thicknefs or spients, &c. a French Penny, with a red hot Fire- Ihovel held over it to make it fink in, will in 1% or 1 5 days perform the Cure, without making the; Hair fall off, or hurting the Sinew. About the end of April, and in May-, you'll find exa&ly about the foot of the Stalk of the Bulbous Crowfoot, having a root not unlike a TiftoUbullet^ with Which fome Meadows are almofl wholly cover'd \ you'l find there a little black longifi Infeft, not bigger than a fmall Bean, without Wings, but furnifh'd with Legs, and fo hard that you can hardly bruife it be- tween your Fingers : Mix 300 or 400 of thefe with old Hogs greafe in a Pot •, then cover the Pot very clofe, till they are quite Dead, and ftamp 'em with the Greafe to an Ointment, which will be more effe&ual the longer 'tis kept. This Ointment draws forth a red Water, which after nine days, turns to a Scurf or Scab7 which will afterwards fall off. Before you apply either of thefe two Ointments, or any Retoirts to a Avlf%2r\e*** hard Swelling, you muft take care to R^oire, foften it, by applying the following Pultis. Take Roots of Lillies, and Marfomallows, of each two Ounces \ Leaves of Mallows, and Violets, of each two handfuls j Dill, Wild- Marjoram-, and Wild Tenny -royal, or Corn-mint, of each a handful. Boil the Roots about an hour in a Efficient quantity Dd .p£ 274 The Compleat Horfeman : oty °f Water, mixt with about three parts of Oil. Then add the Herbs^ and after they are well boil'd, ftamp all together to a Map, and apply it warm to the part you intend to foften, the Hair being fliav'd off. / m -£' « pajn]ef3 Tumours, much about the bignefs of a fmall Nut, caus'd by thin and ferous Humours •, and feated on either fide of the Fetlock joint, on the Skin, between the Sinew and the Bone* For the Cure: The abovemention'd Ointment of Beetles is preferable to all other Remedies \ for whereas other Remedies only put away the Swelling for a time j this will wholly remove it, by extir- pating the Caufe. 'Tis true this Ointment occaiions a large Swelling, efpecially if applied in too large a quantity } but that Symptom, together with the heat and pain that attends it, is eafily remov'd by wafhing the part with warm Wine^ mix'd with a little Butter* A 1m . For all cold Swellings (whether in flefjor all Horfes or Men; the following Plai- Swellings. fter is of general ufe ; efpecially for Water Farcys, and Swellings on the F after n-jolnty which lies at a great diftance from the Center of natural heat. Take green Wallnuts, fo fmall, that when they are cut, they are equally foft : Beat 'em to a mafh in a marble Mortar, and pafs 'cm thro' a Sieve with the bottom turn'd up, beat- ing tnat which remains, till the whole paffes thro' the Sieve* Fut two pounds of this Pulp into a glazed Earthen Fot, with a pound of Salt well dry*d, and a pound and, a half of common Turpentine, Set the mixture in a Cellar, to ferment fifteen days j then evaporate the moifture over a gentle Fire, ftirring all the while, till it be reduc'd to the cojafiftence of a Flaifter, which cannot be done without fome dif- ficulty : and preferve it for ufe, in a Pot clofe cover'd* When Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. ^75 When the Taftern-joint fwells after Travelling, chafe it every Morning f *&fh fQr > -n • *«.t- • c oweli a and. and Evening, with a mixture of two Gmrdd VtLm farts of Brandy*, and one of Oil of ftern-}oints, Nuts, well fhaken together* If the Swelling be large, apply the red Honey Charge, with a convenient Bath. If it ftill continues, apply the Remedy compos'd of Whites of Eggs, Spirit of Wine? and Honey -, prefcrib'd for Blows, Chap. XIII. If the Swelling be hard, apply a Pultis of Rue, boil'd in thick. Wine. If the joints are gourded for want of exercife, bathe 'em very hard with a Lye made of two parts of Afhes of Vine-twigs, and one third of Ajhes of Tartar* Sometimes there arifes a Swelling on the Bone of the Pafiew-joint, a little towards one fide, about half the bignefs of a Pigeon's Egg % which grows bigger, if negle&ed, but is not very hard, nor does it make the Horfe halt. In this cafe 'tis proper to apply a Refohing Tlaifter of Cum Ammoniac^, dijfolv'd in Vinegar, and boiCd to a due confiftency. CHAP. XV- Of w Attaint or Over-reach. AN Attaint, proceeds either from a Blow with another Horfe's Foot, that takes offche piece above the Coronet*, or from an Over-reach, in frofty weather, when a Horfe being rough-fhod, or having Shoes with long Caulks, ftrikes his hinder Feet agunft his fore-Leg. 'Tis known by the Wound* the efflux of Blood, and the halting of the Horfe. For the Cure : Wafh away the filth with Vinegar and Salt, and cut of whac pieces of loofe fkfli there are. Then apply, and tye fail to the part, a Dd 5 M 2 j(> The Compledt Horfewan : or, ^otEgg, botfdhard, cut through the middle, and fprinkled with Pepper* If the Horfe be not cur'd, repeat the Application the next day. In an Over- reach, in frofty weather, you muft immediately Wafh the Wound with warm Vinegar, then fill it with Pepper, and lay over it a Reftringent Charge^ of Chimney-foot, Vinegar and Whites of Eggs •, or (which is better) of Lime temper d with Water ; repeating the fame the next day. For an Over-reach by the Caulk of Shoes*, fill the hole with Gun-pouder, bea- ten and temper'd with Spittle ; then fet fire to it *, and repeat the fame the next day, taking care to keep the Foot and Wound from moifture-, and warning the Sore from time to time with Brandy. If thefedonot fucceed, fill the hole with Cotton, dipp'd in Emplafirum Divinum, melted with Oil of Rofes in a Spoon *, laying a Plaifter of the fame over it \ and drefling it after this manner every day. , If notwithftanding the ule of thefe Remedies, the Horfe continues to halt, and the Hole is deep, with the part above the Attaint fwoln, the Hoof fhrunk, and the Foot contra&ed beneath-, you muft try with your Probe, if the hole reaches to the tendon } and if it does, you xnwkgive the Eire. If a neglected Attaint comes to reach the Hoof, af- ter one or two Applications of the Honey Charge, you muft proceed to give the Fire, and drefs it as a Quitter-bone. 'Tis to be obferv'd that the Sore muft be allways cover'd with Remedies, for 'twill never heal, fo long as the Horfe licks it. If the bottom of the hole be foul, though it does not reach the Grift le, you muft walh it often with warm Wine, and fill the hole with Schmifs Ointment. chap: Part II. PerfcSl Farrier. 277 CHAP. XVI. Of the Scratches. TO cure the Scratches in Horfes, which refemble the Corns in Mens Feet •, you muft rub the fwollen Leg daily with the Dukes Ointment -, and af- terwards bring forth the Corruption, or rotten bit of Flefh, with the following Remedy* Takefrefh Butter, and Oil 0 live 3 of each four Oun- ces, beat 'em with half a pint of common Water, and thicken 'em with two Ounces of Linfeed flower* Then boil, as if you were going to make Gruel, adding (a little before you take the Skellet from the Fire) two ounces of Pigeon's Dung in Pouder ; and charge the Sore warm, having firfr clipp'd off the Hair with Suffers. If that does not anfwer expecta- tion, Take leaves of Colts- foot, long Sorrel, and Mallows, of each a handful *7 bake yem tinder the Embers, then beat and incorporate 'em with Salt Butter, And apply it hot. If this likewife fail, Take four Lilly Roots, bahfd under the jifhes-, beat 'em up with three Ounces of Hen's Greafe; two Ounces of Linfeed Oil ', the Telkj of two hard Eggs. Incorporate all together in a Mortar, applying fome of it to the Scratches with Flax^ and laying a cover over it. If the Sinew of the Leg be fwollen, keep it al- ways Chargd ', and as foqn as the corrupt flefh is come forth, wafh the fwojlen Leg with warm Wine and Butter, and fill the hole with a Tent of fine Flax, moiften'd with Bafdicum, to ripen the reft of the rotten flefh ; or with ^/Egyptiacumt if the flefh befoul and frothy, D d 3 WheS 378 The Compledt Horfewan : ory When the flefh appears fair and clean, apply the juice of greater Celandine , binding on Cbarcole duft, or fears7 d A fas, or burnt Copperas, which dries molt powerfully. Some ufe only to warn the Sore with Brandy or Vrine\ andftrtwit with burnt Oy- fier- falls, or old Boat- Ropes, dry'd and beaten to Pouder. If the Wound, occafion'd by the coming forth of the rotten flefh, be very large, cleanfe it with the Mundifcative of Small age ', and then dry it with the Ointment made of Honey, Verdigreafe, Spirit ofWine^ and Flower. CHAR XVII. Of the Ring-bom, TH E Ring-hone Is a hard callous Swelling, grow- ing on one of the Tendons, between the Coro- r.et and Paflern-joint 5 and fticking very fait to the T after n. When you handle it, the Horfe does not complain much. When 'tis near the Coronet, its preffing bulk intercepting the nourishment, makes the Foot fhrink, and the Hoof wither •, and at laft makes the Horfe lame -,fothat its defcending lower upon the Coronet, is a fign of danger. Though 'tis fometimes Hereditary *, the ufual caufe is a (train, occafion'd by Curvetting, bounding Turns, and Ra* ces. Sometimes indeed backing a young Horfe, before his Joints are well knit, will give rife to it. If it be not taken care of betimes, it caufes incurable Lamenefs. Sometimes it appears at firft no bigger than a Bean ; but afterwards rifes to half thebignefs of a fmali Apple, appearing on both fides the Pa- ttern, with a little riling between them. The Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. ijp The method of Cure is as follows. Take out the Sole ', clip off the Hair very clofe ', and apply to the Ringbone, Oil of Bay, with Flax, a Cover, and Bandage. Two days after, feparate the Scurfs rais'd by the Oil, and renew the Application with the fame Flax. When you take out the Sole, you muft cleave the Frujh -, and when the Dreffiag is fitted to the Sole with Splents, you muft thruft Bowlers into the cleft to keep it open, and one Bandage will ferve both for the Ringbone and Frufli. When Ringbones are encreas'd to any confiderable bignefs, the molt ufual and certain Remedy is Fire, for which end you muft firft take out the Sole ; and fix days after, when you remove the fecond Drefling, make Incifions with your Fleam, begin- ning above, and reaching downwards, about a Fin- ger's breadth diftance from each other •, cutting the Skin to the Callus, that caufes the Ringbone, thro' the whole extent of the Swelling, but without hurting the Coronet. Since thefe Incifions are ufually attended with* a great Flux of Blood, apply hot Turpentine with Flax and a Bandage, letting it re- main untouch'd 48 hours *, after which remove the Drefling }and with a red hot, but not blazing Knife, burn the whole Callus, very dexteroufly, without prefling too hard upon the part *, taking care to pe- netrate the whole Tumour thro5 the Incifion, for if any part of its fubftance be left, your labour is loft. After that, apply a mixture of Turpentine, Tar, and Honey, or an Ointment made of Hogs Lard and Ver- digreafe, laying Flax over it, and wrapping it about with a cloth, till the Scabs fail of. Then drefs the Sores with Schmits's Ointment, or z/Egyptiacum, or the Ointment) Apoftolorum, till the matter gives over running ; after which, the Farriers ufually wafh the Sores with the fecond Water, and then apply drying Pouders. In the mean time the Sores ought always to be kept covered, both to prevent the growth of D d 4 Prou^ 2$ 9 The Compleat Horfeman: or, proud flelb, and to hinder the Horfe from reaching it with his Teeth. Befides, the Bandage muft not be tied too hard, for fear of caufing an exceflive Tumour. The beft: way is to renew the dreffing every day, or at leaft every two days. CHAP. XVII. Of Vices of the Feet and Hoofs ; particularly of Surbated Feet : And of Pricks made with Stubbs or Nails in Shoeing, or in the Streets. TH E Hoofs of fome Horfes are fa hard and Brittle, that they are apt to break near the holes made by the Nails of their Shoes *, in which cafe the beft way is, to fhoe fuch Horfes after the full Moon, and never during the encreafe } and then to anoint their Feet every day with the following Ointment^ taking care that the foot be dry* and clean'd from duft and dirt. Takg frejl) Butter-, and Sheetfs Suet7 inv+L\i!li' melted and freed from its Membranes- of each a round ; white Wax cut into fmall pieces, and common Turpentine-, of each four Ounces \ Oil Olive-, fix Ounces : Put 'em alltogether into a Bafon, and melt 'em. Then add a pint of the juice of Plant ane\ and as foon as they begin to boil, remove the VefTel from the Fire. Then fet it on again -, and continue to remove and fet it on a gain, afcer the fame manner, for the fpace of eight or ten hours, till the juice be wholly confum'd without boiling. Then remove the Veflel from the Fire, and as foon as the Matter begins to thick- en, add an Ounce of Powder of OUbanum, (tilling without intermiilion, till it be quitecold. This nment will make the Hoof grow without heading it ; Part II. FerfeSi Farrier. 281 h'9 for the juice of Plant ane tempers the other In- gredients j and fince it does not boil, has time to communicate its cooling virtue before 'tis confum'd. 'Tis chiefly proper when the Hoof is as hard as Glafs, (b that an Ointment glides along without piercing it ■ In Winter you may make an effe&ual and cheap Remedy of Honey, Tar, and Tallow, mix'd cold, ia equal quantities. To make the Hoof grow, and ren- _ - \\ '. derit foft and tough, the following gSS^*' Ointment is an expenencd Remedy. Take new Wax, Goats Greafe, (or, for Want of that, frejh Sbeefs Suet) and the fat of Bacon, cut into fmaU pieces, and flee f d in Water 24 hours till it grow frejh ; the Water being changed every three or four hours ', of each a pound ; melt 'em together, and then add a large handful of the fecond Bark of Elder ; and, if it be itt the Spring, two bandfuls of Elder -budds, when they are about the bignefs of your Thumb. Boil 'em over a gentle fire for the fpace of a quarter of an hour, ftir- ring them from time to time. Then fqueeze the mat- ter through a coarfe Cloth, and put the (training ja the fame Bafon or Pot, with two ounces of Oil Olive, four Ounces of Turpentine, and the like quantity of Ho" ney: After which remove the VefTel from the fire, and ftir the Ointment till it be quite cold ; then anoint the Hoof once a day, for the breadth of an Inch round the Hair *, or if the Hoof be much worn, fpread the Ointment on Flax, and wrap it carefully about the Hoof, renewing the Application twice a Week, but (till continuing the fame Flax. A Horfe's Foot is fa id to be Sur- bated, when the Sole is worn, bruis'd, %ftHrbxted or fpoil'd, by Travelling without Shoes, or in hot fandy ground, or with a Shoe that hurts the Sole. When want of Shoes occafions it, you mult cleanfe the Sole with your Buttrefs ; and fiaving tack'd on the Shoe with your Nails, pour boil- i%i The Compleat Horfeman: or, boiling Pitch or Tar into the Foot, charging it after it IS cold with abound of old Hogs Lard, melted in a Skellet, to which is added, a pint of Vinegar, and a fufficient quantity of Bran to thicken the Com- pofition. If the Shoe bear harder upon one part of theFoot^ than the reft ; pare the whole Foot a little, efpeci- ally the bruis'd part ; and where it appears red and bruis'd, thruft your Buttrefs deeper in, paring the Sole almoft to the quick. Then apply the Oint- ment for Pricfa, and tack on the Shoe with four Nails ; renewing the Application till the Horfe ceafes to halt. Then {top his Foot with a Remo- lade, binding it on carefully. If the Foot he heated, by riding in hot and iandy ground; take off the Shoe, pick the Foot well ; then (top it with melted Tar, and anoint it with the Ointment for the Hoof In general, nothing is more conducive to furba- ted Feet, than Tar melted into the Foot ; or, Vine- gar boifd with Soot, to the thicknefs of Broth, and put into the Foot boiling hot •, with Hurds over it, and Splents to keep it in. If all thefe Remedies prove ineffectual, you mud at laft take out the Sole, for which end, theufeof the fame Remedies is very ferviceable, becaufe they moiften and foften the Foot, and fo prepare the Sole for being taken out with lefs difficulty and pain. . A prick with a Nail in Shoeing, or tbcfau in the Screet' does fometimes fefter» and put the Horfe in danger of lofing his Foot To prevent fuch Confequences *, when a Farrier perceives in (hoeing a Horfe, that he complains, or fhrinks at every blow upon the Nail, it muft be immediately pull'd out \ for tho' blood follows, he may be ridden immediately without halting. If he halts prefently after he is mod, 'tis a fign that fome Nail either prefies the Vein, or touches Part II. Terfett Farrier. 083 touches him in the quick; which is found out, by lifting up the found Foot, and knocking gently upon the top of the Clenches of the lame Foot, with a Ihocing Hammer ; for he will fhrink when you touch that Nail that pricks him. The ufual place of pricking, is at the heel in the fore-foot, and at the toe in the hinder- Foot. You muft pull off the Shoe, prefling round the Foot with the Pincers, and when you come to the place that is prick'd, he will fhrink extreamly. When you draw out the Kails, obferve if they are bow'd, for then they have prefs'd the Vein ; or if there are any Flakes, for thefe may either prefs the Vein or the Flefli ; and if they remain in the Foot, the cure will never be perform'd y or if the hole ifTues Blood or Matter, for then you muft fearch it with your Renette, rea- ching to the end of it, where the Nail was rivet- ted on the Hoof; and if you find it does not reach to the quick, try with a Nail pointed to that fide of the hole where the Vein lies, whether the Horfe complains. If he does, proceed to the Cure. If upon fearching the hole, he does not at all com- plain, he is not prick'd in that place. Some nar- row heel'd Horfes, efpecially Englijh Horfes are always lame when they are new fhod, the Nails be- ing rivetted too high ; but reft will cure that lame- nefs. Oftentimes in flelhy Feet, a bow'd Nail will make a Horfe halt, tho? he be not prick'd ; and in time, will caufe a Sore that muft be cur'd as a prick. For a Cure: if the place be impoftumated, af- ter the evacuation of the Matter, injeft boiling Oil with a Uttle Sugary and flop the hole with Cotton \ then tack on the Shoe with three or four Nails, and (top the Foot every day with a Remolade ; applying at the fame time a Re fir ingem Charge ^ about the Foot, and keeping k from moifture. If the place is not impoftumated, pour into the Jiole Sprit of Fnrioly and flop it with Cotton \ and fee 284 The Compleat Horfeman : or, fet on the Shoe : If he grows lame again, take off the Shoe, and drefs his Foot with Spirit of Vitriol, as before. In general \ for a f rickjnith a Nail -, A *&***. for after you have open'd the Sore, injeft ajnck mib * eyery day thc irulnerary Water cold* or for want of that drefs with the Ointment Pomfholigos ; Hopping the hole with Cot* ton. If neither of thefe Medicines can be had, pour into the hole very hot Vinegar, in which beaten Milfoil (or Savin, Vervain, Birthwort, Speed- well, Agrimony, Zedoary, Adders-Tongue, &C.) has been boil'd, and lay the boiVd Herbs upon it *, re- peating the Application till it be heal'd. Sometimes a lamenefs is occafion'd by a bruife in the Frujh, the heels being fo low that the Horfe knocks them againft the ground as he goes. 'Ti$ known by the trembling of the Frujh when you touch it, and the perceiving of matter form'd underneath. In this cafe, the Sore mull be drefs'd like a Wound made by a Nail, the Remedies being made to pene- trate, thro* the Heel, between the Frujh and the bone of the Foot*, and proper Aftringents of Lime, and thefecond Water, or of Soot, Vtnegar, and Whites *f Eggs, being applied about the Frufh. The moft effe&ual Remedies for a prick in a Horfe 's Foot \ are the Vidnerary Water-, the Ointment Tompholygos (which is known to cure hurts in the Feet of Oxen, receiv'd at the Plough) and above all the Oil de Merville, viz. OH de Mer- Take the Oils of Turpentine, and of ville. St: Johnfivort, of each four Ounces \ true Oil of Peter two Ounces. Mix **em in a glafs Bot- tle over hot Embers, adding the weight of a Golden Crown of Alkanet, hung in the Bottle by a thread. Af- ter it has flood a quarter of an hour on the Afhes, take autthe Alkanet, and prefer ve the Oil for ufe. If you thicken it with Wax2 its penetrating vertue will be Part tl. PerfeSi Farrier. 28 3 be impair'd. *Tis to be inje&ed warm every dayf into the open'd Sore, the hole being afterwards ftopp'd with Cotton, to keep it open'd j and cover'd with Flax and Splents. CHAP. XIX. Of ScaPd Heels or Frufh ; and of the Crown Scab and Mange. SOmetimes an Itching and eating Scab wafts the Frufh, and makes a Horfe halt; and though 'tis not dangerous, 'tis troublefome and painful. Tis difcover'd by its ftinking of old rotten Cheefe, when one comes into the Stable ; and by the Horfe's beating the ground with his Feet, by reafon of the Itching, For the Cure : Pare the Frufi very r f clofe with a Buttrefs } then quench un- Scabb^i HeeU. flacked Lime in Vinegar \ and throw the ftrain'd liquor boiling hot upon the Frufh, after which, apply a Reftringent Charge of unjlack7d Lime9 and the fecond Watery or the blacky Reftringent of Soot ) Vinegar 1 and Whites of Eggs ; The Count effes Oint- ment, with a Drefling kept on with Splents, will like- wife perform the Cure in three or four Applicati- ons. If it returns after cleanfing the Sores, bleed- ing frequently in the Toe, and applying Neatheard's Ointment , will ferve for a Palliative Remedy •, tho' the internal caufe can hardly be remov'd* For prefervationj pare the Frufh often,and rub the place once or twice jym $111$™* with the Second Water •, and after the neth. Scabs are by this means dry'd up, Take of Allum and white Vitriol, of each a pound and a half: Boil 'em in a Gallon of Water, till it be reduc'd to two quarts \ and bathe the part every day with it cold , and above all, when the Itching is gone a%6 Tlx Compleat Horfeman : ory gone melt Tar or black Pitch upon the Scabs, and keep the Feet well pick'd, and free from duft and dirt. The Crown-Scab is a white mealy fcU?°m Scurf' caus'd by a burnt vellowifo and malignant matter, that breaking forth at the Roots of the Hair, makes it brittle and ftare, on the Coronet, and oftentimes all over the P aft em to the Joint \ the part being much fwell'd. This Scurf is the fubtile exhalations of the Humours,* hardened into a Salt flicking to the Skin. There are two forts of Crown-Scab. Some are quite dry , others void a fHnking matter, that imparts its ftrength and moifture to the adjacent parts \ and by its acrimony, while it is in the Coronet, cracks and JpJits the Hoof which receives its nourishment from the Coronet. Commonly this fcurffy Humour is nei* ther painful nor an obftacle to Travelling ; efpe- cially in dry Climates, where it drys up in Sum- mer of it felf: but fometimes, 'tis extreamly hot, fharp and troublefome, and over-runs the whole Leg, almoft to the Knee and Hoof. For the Cure : Take two Ounces of good Brafd Ta~ bacco, cut fmall, or purged of the Stalks. Infufe it twelve hours7 in half a pint of ftrong fpirit of Wine \ ftirring ''em every hour, to promote the better ex- tratlion of the Tintture. Rub the Scab very hard, once every day, with an handful of this Tobacco ♦, the part being firft chaf'd without taking off the Skin. This, and all other drying Remedies, are only Palliative \ for oftentimes the Scab breaks forth, after a feeming Cure ; In which cafe, you muft rub the part with a wifp of Hay, till it grows hot', without taking off the Skin, or drawing Blood \ aud then touch it gently, once or at moft twice, with Cotton dip'd in the Spirit of Vitriol *t or elfe drefs the Sores with Neat-herd's Ointment. However you mult be very cautious of applying too much Part II. PcrfeSl Farrier. i$j much, or too ftrong, Spirit of Vitriol , at firft ; for I was once deceiv'd with Spirit of Vitriol highly re- ftifyed ', which being apply'd in too large a quan- tity, in a moifi Crown- fcab, made the whole Leg and Sinew fwell, with fuch a violent pain that the Horfe could not ftand upright : upon which occa- fion I was forc'd to afluage the pain of the Leg and Sinew with the red Honey Charge ; and mitigate the violent pain in the fcabby place, occafion'd by the Spirit ^ by applying to it the white Honey Charge : And though, after two Months keeping in the Sta- ble, the Horfe was cur'd of the Green- fcab^ yet a great Scar remain'd, which was never afterwards cover'd with Hair. I am of the opinion, that Spi* rit of Salt being a more potent cleanfer, is pre- ferable to the Spirit of Vitriol , in a Crown Stab, tho* neither the one nor the other are infallible, in inve- terate cafes. Sometimes indeed it may be cur'd, by foathing with Spirit of Wine, impregnated with as much Sal Artnoniack, as it will diflblve. Oftentimes old Horfes, and even young ones, upon reft, after hard la- of the Mange. bour, are troubl'd with fuch a perpe- tual Itching or Mange in their Legs, and other parts, that they rub off the Hair* For Cure : Infufe two Ounces of Euphorbium, re* ducyd to fine Ponder, in a quart of ftrong Vinegar: After it has* flood in hot Embers fix hours, rub the Horfe' }s Legs with a wifp, and chafe yem with the Vi- negar once or twice. After that, bleed him in the Eye-Veins, if the fore Legs are afFe&ed, and in the Plait Thigh- Vein, for a Mange upon the hinder Legs. If you warn the mangy parts with the Infufion of two handful s of Stavefacre-feed, in a quart of ftrong Vinegar, and hot Aflies, they will be cur'd at twice bathing. Or you may rub the parts once or twice at mofl ; (for fear of Ulcerating) with a large handful! 2 88 The Compleat Harftman : or, handful of Loufewort, or Baflard Hellebore \ which h a Plant with long notched leaves, made ufe of in the Country, to deftroy Lice in Cattle. For a certain cure of the Mange : Takf green Copperas, and burnt Allum, of each jour Ounces • Arf* mart two handfuls. Boil 'em in two quarts of Vi- riegar, to the Consumption of one half; and wafh the Horfe's Legs with the liquor, having firfl rubb'd 'em with a wifp. Remembring ftill, that the cure of this Diftemper muft always begin with Bleeding and in the mean time the Horfe may be either Rid- den or Wrought. For the Cure of an Vniverfal Mange, or a Mange upon the Legs only \ and likewife for a peeling off of the Skin, and Hair, upon the bending of the Thigh, occafion'd by an excefs of heat : Boil jour Ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Antimony in Poudery in two quarts of ftrong Vinegar. With which, rub the parts every day, till the hair returns. At the fame time the Horfes body muft be cool'd, with repeated Dofes of the Liver of Antimony , or of Sal Prunella, CHAP. XX. Of the Hoof-bound \ or of wafted and (hrunk Feet. OFtentimes the conveyance of nourimment to the Feet, is interrupted by diforders in the Legs and adjacent parts j iofomuch that the Feet dwindle, the Horfe halts, and the Hoof founds hollow if you knock on it. For Cure: Rife the whole Foot with a red hot Knife, maiang large rafesof the depth of a Silver Crown, from the hair to the Shoe, avoiding the Coromt Part II. TerfeB Farrier. n%g Coronet. Then apply the following Pubis, and charge the Whole Foot with the following Remo* lade. Tale two Parts of Sheep's Bung ; and pmh for m cne Part of Hen s Dung ', boil them with Hoof- bound. a fafficicm Quantity of Water and Salt, to the Thicknefs of Pafie* In another Pot, boil a con- venient Quantity of Mallows to a Mafh *, then add a con- venient Quantity of Linfeed in Powder, and boil a lit* tie longer ', after which, beat them in a Mortar, with an eighth part of raw Gar lick, to a foft Pafie. Incorpo- rate this with the former Pafte, adding a little Oil of Li/lies. Make a Pultis, to be applied to the Foot very hot, it being cover'd with Solents. Renew the Application five or fix times, once in two Days» •obferving always to heat the old Pultis \ and only mix a little frefh with it. Take half a Pound of Burgundy Pitch \ . R four Ounces of common turpentine ; two for a HoQv Ounces of Oil Olive ; and thicken the bound* whole with a fufficient Quantity of fine Flour. Charge the whole Foot with this Re* molade, lukewarm, after the Application of the Pultis. Oftentimes one of the Quarters of the Hoof is fhrunk, and dry'd up, while all the Nourifhmenfc falls upon the other •, efpecially near the Heels of the Fore- feet, and the Infide of the Hoof; which is the weakeft Part} and the Horfe halts down-right, the Bone of the Foot being cramp'd and prefs'd by the fhrunk Quarter. In this cafe, draw (even or4 eight Lines with a hot Iron upon the fhrunk Quarter, from the Coronet to the Shoe, ( in order to penetrate and unbend the Hoof, that fb the Bone may return to its due Place,) without touching the Hair ; and then apply the Pultis and Remoladc as above. If this method proves ineffe&ual, you mufl take out the Sole, and cleave the Frufh'm the middle with a E» € FlearVy 290 "The CowpIeatHorjeman : ory Fleam, piercing to the Paftern', and fill the cleft, (not the Foot; with a great number of Bolfters, befmear'd with a mixture of equal parts of Tar, Ho- ney, and Turpentine, boiPd together } the Foot being firft drefs'd, and Splents laid on. CHAP. XXL Of all forts of Wounds and Hurts. SOme Wounds are fo (light, that the Cure confifts only in keeping them clean ; and others are fo painful, that, unlefs they be taken care of, they prove fatal. Wounds in the Flejh are more eafily cur'd, than thofe in the Sinews, Tendons, or Bones : Thofe upon a Joint, are feldom or never cur'd. In hot weather, Wounds are apt to gangrene and mor- tify, thro' the corruption bred by Flies and other Infe&S} in cold weather they are long a doling. If a Horfe be fhot through the Body with a Muf- quet Butlet,the charge of the Cure is extreamly great, and the Event always uncertain. In order to obtain a regular method of curing Wounds, let the follow- ing Rules be obferv'd- 1. Since Horfe's flefh is very apt to Kules for corrupt upon the leaft contulion •, and munis' fince the leaft corruPtion retards tIie Cure ; let the Wound be prob'd very gently, and as feldom as poflible, with Probes of Juniper, or fome Aromatkk-wood, well dry'd. Indeed filver Probes are belt for deep Wounds •, and thofe of 'Lead may be us'd inftead of Strings in Setons, for Lead never heats the Part. 2. Let the Proud ftefi, to which the Wounds of Horfes are, very fubjeft, be kept down with Banda- ges 1 Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 2pi ges ; or, if that be impra&icable, let it be con- fum'd \ or which is bell of all, let it be cut off, or burnt throughly, taking care not to cut a Sinew* or Tendon, and being cautious in Wounds near £ Bone. 3. In all great Wounds, let the Humours becooPd and diverted from the wounded part, by Bleeding -7 which feafonably adminiftred, exceeds all other Re- medies. It ought to be repeated two or three times in the beginning *, but not oftner. If the Horfe is fat, you muft abridge the quantity of his Provender, efpecially if the Wound be large, for then a little moiftend Bran, without either Oats or Hay, is fuf- iicient. 4. Never wafh the Wound with pure Water, for that promotes the moifture of the flefh, which re- tards the Cure. Upon occafion, you may wafh it with warm Wine or Vrine, or the Water of a Smithes Forge, lukewarm *, and, after the Wound is cleans'd* with the fecond Water, in order to allay the itching and heat, and to dry the fiefh. 5. Let not the' Horfe lick the Wound, or rub it againfl: any hard Thing. The former poifons the Wound, and the latter bruifes the Flefh, which mult be feparated before the Wound can be heal'-d. 6. Indeavour by all means to repel or diffolve the Humours, efpecially in parts full of Sinews and Li- gaments, or near, the Bones ; becaufe the Matter ge~ nerated weakens the part, leaves a deformity, and, if near the Bone, corrupts it. The repelling Reme- dies are otherwife call'd Reftringents, becaufe they bind up the Humours from flowing into the part. 5Tis true, Reftnngents are not proper in Critical 'Tumours, proceeding from an effort of Nature to eafe a nobler Part, or in the Bitings of venomous Creatures, or when the Matter is thick, tough, and fiVdf But even in fuch cafes, 'twill be proper to Ee % aPPty ap2 TheCompleatHorfeman : or, apply fuch Remedies as attenuate and dijfolve the Humours, before we proceed to Suppuration. 7. In Wounds accompany'd with a great Contu- fony the bruifed Flefh muft putrify, and its Separa- tion muft be haften'd with Inftruments, which I pre- fer to Cauftic ks. 8. Round or Circular Wounds ought to be cut into a long Figure, to facilitate the Cure. 9. Cover the Wound carefully from the Air, with Lamb's Skin ; and where that cannot be conveni- ently applied, with Tow, which muft be cut and beaten, that it may ftick the fatter. 10. As foon as you attempt the Cure of a Wound, fhave the Hair very clofe, about two Fingers breadth round the Place, and keep it always neat, clean, and fupple, that the Skin may be eafily ftretch'd to join the Lips of the Wound. If the Lips are Callous, you muft confume the Callus, with the Golden Oint- ment mix'd with unwafh'd Butter of Antimony. Or, if that proves ineffe&ual, lance and gafh them with a Fleam or red-hot Knife, which will haften the forming of a Cicatrice. A Saddle-Gall of no confiderable A sMle-Gall depth, is cur'd by wafhing with Vrine, or warm Wine \ and fometimes, when the Wound is large, with the fecond Water , and ft re wing the Wound with the Powder of an old Rope, or Flax; and confuming the proud Flefh with Cot- cothar of Vitriol. Sometimes a Saddle- Gall degene- A shfaft* rates into a hard Knot, call'd a Sitfasl : For an eafy and fpeedy Cure of this, let the melted Tallow of a lighted Candle drop upon the Knob, and, after 'tis feparated, wafh the Sore with warm Wine, and the fecond Water, or Vrine. Then anoint it (lightly with old Salt-Butter, ftrewing upon it the Powder of old Ropes. Often- times a negledted Sit-faft turns to an incurable Gars- Part II. Perfect Farrier. 295 Gangrene. Upon which account we ought to haften the Cure. For which end, the fureft way is to rub it with the Ointment of Beetles, or fome good Retoir% holding a hot Bar of Iron near the Part, as foon as the Ointment is laid on; and renewing the Appli- cation thrice in three fucceflive Days • or to rub it with a Caufiioh Ointment once. If the Wound be large, open and deep,as it often happens in theThighs, fJ/Zllnt Withers, &c. it muft be tented with 9pm% a Tent of faked Hogs-Lard. But if it be neceflary to keep the Wound open ; inftead of Incifwnsy which are always pernicious, efpecially in Places full of Sinews, and Tendons, or over- run with Blood j apply the following Sponge, which will keep it open, and difcover the Bottom. Take a fine Sponge, walh'd clean, tied about very hard with Pack-thread, and wrapt in wet Paper; Let it dry a Quarter of an Hour, or longer, in a hol- low Place in the midft of the Hearth, covering it with hot Afhes, and live Coals over the Afhes. Then take it out, and when 'tis cold, untie it, and cut it into what Form you pleafe, to be befmear'd with a Digefiive Ointment, and thruft it to the Bot- tom of the Wound. The next Day draw it out with your Pincers, and you will find it fwollen, and the Hole enlarged, without hurting the Sinews or Tendons. If the Wound be fo foul, or full of dead Flefh, that the Sponge is not fufficient to open it, (provided it be net under the Foot) foak a very fine Sponge in a Mixture of two Ounces of pounded Sublimate, and half an Ounce of melted Wax \ then lay it in a Prefs 48 Hours \ and after that make Tents of it, which will open the Wound, and at the fame time operate as Cauftichs. If you defire itftronger, as in the cafe of Quitterbones, add an Ounce of Arfe~ vkk, in fine Powder, to the abovemention'd Mix- ture. But in Sores under the Foot, thefe Cauftick E e 3 ^°Wi 2p4 *he Compleat Horjeman : or, Sponges are improper, becaufe they drive the Hu- mours upwards to the Coronet ; fo that in fuch cafes you muft prepare the Sponge only with melted Waxy and then make Tents of it, which will fwell and keep down the Proud fleflo, if the Part be carefully bound up with Splents. To promote the fuccefs of external ?m£AT T.llh Remedies, 'twill be proper to add in- for Wounds. , *,. . * l , . . ward Medicines, not Purgatives, which loofen the Humours, and occafion Defluxions upon the part ; but fuch as purify the Blood, and refill Corruption. For which end, the following Pills are of .lingular Ufe. Take the fineft and clearefl Affa-foetida, Bayberries of Provence or Italy, and Cinnabar , all in fine pouder% of each a pound : With a fufficient quantity of ftrong Brandy, make a Mafs in a brafs Mortar, to be form- ed into Pills, weighing fourteen Drams each ; two of which dried, may be given in three half pints of Wine, once in two Days, or once every Day, till he has taken eight or ten ; making him ftand bridled two hours before and after the taking of every Dofe. Thefe Pills may be kept twenty Years *, and are not only of wonderful Ufe againft Wounds, es- pecially in an Army, where an expeditious Cure is requir'd, but likewife againft the Farcin and Wormsy and againft the ffiedding of the Hair from the Head and Neck -, in which cafe three Dofes of thefe Pills, to- gether with Bleeding, and the external ufe of Lime- water j and after that, Flower of Brimftone, given every day in moiften'd Bran, will compleat the Cure. Thefe Pills are alfo very proper againft eat- iw Scabs in the Mane and TaiL if the external Ufe of Lime-water be join'd to them, and againft running Sores in the Legs, Warts, Bunches^ Ouitterbones3 and fuch like ftubborn Diftempers. li Part II. Perfect Farrier. 1$^ If the Wound be foul, it mufi be wafh'd at every dreffing with the yel- pZ7dT low Water j which follows. Take two or three founds of unflacVd Lime, newly made, put it into a large Bafon of fine Tinn, and pour upon it9 by degrees, five quarts of Rain- water. Then fet the Bafon in. a convenient place for two days, ftirring the Water often. Then let it fettle, decant the Wa- tt* °ff-> ftrain it through brown Paper \ and to three pints of it, add half a pint of good Spirit of Winey an Ounce of Spirit of Vitriol, and as much Corrofive Sublimate in fne pouder. Mix for Ufe. If the Wound be pefter'd with proud-fiefh, add to this quantity of Lime water, an Ounce of Arfenick in pon- der ; if even that be too weak, you muft burn the whole Wound with a hot plate of Iron, taking care not to touch the Skin, Tendons, and Sinews : Then anoint the burnt part with Oil of Bay warm, co- vering the whole Wound with Flax, and repeat- ing the Application of the Oil, till the Efcar loo£. ens ^ after which, anoint it with Bafilicum, or Tallow, till the Scab falls off: And you will find a fair Skin underneath, without the lead Mark of Burning. The common detergent and clean fing Remedies,' are too weak for Horfes. Salt Butter cleanfes more effectually, than any of them. Indeed Vnguentum Apoftolorum, and the Neatfherd Ointment are of very good ufe ; and above all, the Ointment *ALgyptiacumy which tho' it occafions fome Pain, is neverthelefs an innocent and very ufeful Remedy. ItsCompo- fition is as follows. Take a yound of common Honey, and The Oinr- a pint of Brandy, boil them over a gentle ™ent ^SYP' Fire, in a glazed Pot or Bafon, ftirring iacum* them frequently with a wooden Slice, till they be per~ feBly united, and the Brandy difappears. Then add two Ounces of burnt Allum, beaten finally and four E e ^ Qnp- 2 $6 The CompleatHorfeman: or, Ounces of Powder of Verdigreafe fears d, ftirring and, incorporating them with the other Ingredients* At laft put an Ounce of Sublimate in fine Powder, ftirring and boiling as before^ till the whole be reduced to a Con- fiftency. Then remove the Pot from the Fire, and con-> tinue ftirring till the Ointment be cold, which muft be kept in a covered Pot for ufe. If you fee any Signs of Putrifa&ion in the Part, mix two Ouuces of Aquafortis with the v€gyptiacum. For a Cauftick to eat the corrupt Flefh, without hurting the Nerves or Mufcles, put the liquid Cauftick, into the Sore with a little Cotton, prefling It on with a Bandage, other wife it will have no effect. You may renew the Application till you per- ceive that the Part is fufficiently penetrated. As often as you drefs the Sore, warn it with the Lime or yellow Water, or with black Soap mix'd with vn- flack'd Lime. Sometimes you may clea,nfe the Bot- tom of a Sore with a Tent* anointed with Egyptia- cum-, and then you will find the Tent of a green Colour, by reafon of the Verdigreafe in the Com- pofition. T Sometimes after old and negledkd r°W%w.e Sores; ^^pecially in the Feet, the Bones remain bare without Flefh to cover them •, in which cafe, Take Dragons Blood, and Bole Armoniach, of each half an Ounce j Maftick, Olibanumy and Sarcocolla^ of each three Drams \ Alces, Round Birthwort, and Roots of Flower- de- Luce, of each a Dram and an half Mix and apply in the form of a Powder ; or, which is better, mix it with Turpentine in the form of an Ointmenu iua n- j i When the Wound is fair and clean. J be Powder of n '*% * ■ \* • % Sympxxhy. we finally compleat the Cure with drying Powders. But of all fuch Pow- ders, the mod fuccefsful and expeditious, is that Called the Powder of Sympathy, viz. Put a conve- -mm Quantity of Roman Vitriol (that of Cyprus will Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 2pj not do) in a flat -bottom }d Earthen Pan, and expofe it in the of en Air, to the hottefi Rays of the Sun, remo- ving it always at Night, and in moifl Weather till the Vitriol be reduced to a white Calx. In the mean time you muft ftir it every Day with a Wooden Slice, for touching it with Iron, after the Sun has begun to unlock its Body, weakens its Vertue. When 'tis perfectly white, take it out, 3nd preferve it for the true Powder of Sympathy : Which you are to ftrew upon a Cloth, dipp'd in the Blood of the Wound ; and likewife upon a Cloth dipp'd in the Matter ifluing from the Wound, if there be any, laying the Cloth afterwards in a temperate Place; or in a moift Place, if Suppuration be needful; or in a dry Place, if drying be requifite: And pow- dering the Subftance every Day. If the Depth of the Wound requires Tents, put them in clean and dry, and always when you take 'em out, ftrew this Powder upon 'em. A Linnen- Cloth doubled five or fix times, and dipp'd in the Solution of this Pow- der, and wrap'd about Wrenches and Sinew-Strains, re- newing the Application twice a Day, is oftentimes more effedual than any Waters, Oils, or Ointments ; tho' Sympathy is not the caufe of its Efficacy. Though the Powder of Sympathy is a moft effedual Remedy for dangerous Wrenches and Strains in the Hoofs \ yet fome are fo prejudiced, that they will not make ufe of it. Upon which account I fhall fubjoin the Defcription of an Ointment, that pro- motes the Cure of Wounds more in one Day than other Ointments do in a confiderable fpace of time. Take the green Leaves of long Birth- ■won, Paul's Betony, and Sage, of each SStaSSJ a Handful and an half', Sanicle, an Wounds. Handful *, Roots of Marfb-mallows and Comfrey dryd in the Shade, of each an Ounce ; flicc the Roots very fmall, and boil yem in a Skillet with a pity of Cream, for the fpace of a Quarter of an Hour \ after 298 The Compleat Horfeman : er^ after which , add the leaves chofd finally and boil them fo long, till you can perceive nothing in the Skillet but a pure Butter, produced by the boiling of the Cream, liven firain it out into a Pot, and put into the fame Skillet, a quarter of a pound of the Lard of a Hog fed with Acorns, cut into flices, and mixt with the remaining Herbs and Roots. Boil all together about a quarter of an hour, and ftrain out the melted Lard upon the Butter. In the next place boil two Ounces of Oil Olive in the Skillet, with the fame Herbs and Roots, for the fpace of a quarter of an hour, and ftrain it out into the Tot with the Butter and melted Lard : After which, fquee^e out all the juice and fat of the Herbs and Root} in the fame Pot \ and while they are (till hot, add an Ounce of melted Tar, and an Ounce and an half of burnt Allum in Ponder ', incorporating the whole Mafs, and ftirring it till it be cold. Melt a little of this Ointment in a Spoon, and with a foft Pencil anoint the Wound very lightly once a day, covering it gently with Flax, or ponder of old Ropes. If at the fame time, you perceive fpongy or proud Flefh, confume it with white Vitriol^ diflblv'd in Spirit of Wine, and after the removal of the Scab, and Swelling, apply the Ointment. Giving the Fire will anfwer the fame indication. But to cleanfe the hidden Part of a Wound, that cannot be reach'd by Fire or Cauftich, you mull ufe the Lime or yellow Water prefcrib'd above. A Wound tending to Mortification, Of a angrene is calPd a Gangrene ; and a confirm'd Mortification is ftil'd a Sphacelus. The figns of a Gangrene, are, an infenfibility, lividnefs, and afterwards blacknefs of the part •, a fudden and unwonted foftnefs, and a fmell refembling that of a dead Carcafs. The Cure of a Sphacelus is im- poflTible: A young Gangrens is cur'd, by an early Scarification of the part to the quick, with a Fleam ; aad Part II. Per feci farrier. 199 and wafliing it with fait Water twice a day, and co- vering the whole Wound with Flax fteefd in the ftrongesl Lime-water; or, if that proves too weak, in the following Water. Take of Crude Allum a pound, German Copper as, in courfe ponder, half a pound, foracavfmis Verdigreafe- in fine ponder, three ounces ', boil all together in a gallon of flrong Vinegar, to the .Confumption of one half Referve the unftrain'd Liquor for Ufe, in a glafs Viol, fhaking the Glafs as often as you apply it \ and, in cafe it proves too weak, adding to each quart, two ounces of Aquafor- tis. Or, lake of the ftrongeft White-wine two ounces and a half Brandy half a pint, Spirit of Vitriol two ounces : Mix in a two. quart Bottle ; and an hour after, add two ounces of Verdigreafe, in fine ponder, white Vitriol four ounces, and green Copperas one pound, the two lafl in coarfe ponder. Stop the Bottle very clofe with a Cork and Hog's Bladder ; then let it ftand in infu- fwn on hot Embers twenty four hours, fhaking it every iix hours. Then preferve it for ufe, fhaking the Glafs, and applying as above. 'Twill keep three Months. When a Horfe's Back is gall'd up- Aa^dBach on a Journey, take out a little of the Stuffing of the Pannei over the Swelling -, then few a piece of white, and very foft Leather on the in- ilde of the PanneL Anoint it with Salt Butter, and every Evening wipe it clean, rubbing till it grow foft, anointing it again with Butter, or for want of that with Greafe. Wafh the Swelling or Hurt every Evening with cold Water and Soap, and ftrew it with Salt, till the Horfe be faddled in the Morning, Above all, a large quantity of Sea-rufh, that isufu- ally wrap'd about Venice Glaffes, thruft into that part of the Pannei that touches the Sore, is of admi- ble ufe for Saddle&ails* Some- 300 The Compkat Horfeman: or, Ptrnefs-GaUs. Sometimes the Breads of Coach* Horfes are gall'd by their Harnefs, or rife in hard Bunches, efpecially in rainy Weather. In which cafe (have off the Hair about the Sore very clofe, and rub the whole Breads with a Lather of Wa- ter and black Soap *, then wafh that Part of the Breaft, which is ufually covered with the Petrel, with Salt- Water, fuffering it to dry up of it felf. If the hard- nefs of any Part of the Harnefs occafions the Galling, take it away, or cover it with little Bolflers. * n 1 or j T° flop a violent Flux of Blood, oc- JoflancbBlood. cafion>d hy a Wound upon a large Vef- fel nothing is preferable to the Powder of Sympathy. If that cannot be had, you muft lay bare and bind up the cut VefTel. If that proves impracticable, flop the Orifice of the Veffel with a Piece of Roman Vitriol, and apply a Bandage, if the Situation per- mits : If it does not, the fureft way is, to apply a Searing- Iron. Thofe who are afraid of Burnings may take equal Quantities of Colcothar, Frankincenfe, and Aloes in Powder ; and mix 'em with the Whites *f Egg'i t0 t^ie Thicknefs of Honey, adding a con- venient Quantity of the Hair of a Hare, cut fmall ; and in a different cafe, Dragons Blood, Mans Blood drfd, Plaifier, and Calcind Vitriol ; and apply the whole in a fufficient Quantity. After the Blood is ftopt, you muft not touch the Wound for three Days, to fee whether the VefTel be exactly clos'd. The Simples for flopping a Flux of Blood, are the Roots and Leaves of Nettles, the Bark of a Pome- granate and Pine-tree, the Leaves of Plantane and Willows, Services, burnt Galls quenched in Vinegar, Bean-flower, Starch, Soot, Litharge, Cerufe, Vitriol, Colcothar, AHum, a dry*d and pounded Sponge, and drfd Coriander-feeds. Above all, the moil effectual Remedies are Caufticks, efpecially the Powder of Arfenick, which makes a large Efcar. Only, whei} the Scab falls off, you muft take care to prevent a jicvv I Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 301 [new Flux of Blood, by avoiding jharp Remedies, or I the life of a Probe ; and applying a Mixture of equal Quantities of a Pomegranate, Roman Vitriol, and Allum. Having treated of Simple Wounds, Wounds pre- I proceed to thofe occafion'd or pre- ceded by Tu- ceded by Swellings. If a Horfe is bit mours. by another Horfe on the Neck, or near the Wi- thers, wafh it with Lime -Water, or Water and Soap, or with the fecond Water, If there be only a Am- ple Contufion, apply Brandy ; if the Wound be fmall, apply Oil of Walnuts cold, mix'd with red Wine- If the Horfe have large and flefhy Withers, the redundant Moifture occafioning proud Flefh, and hindering the drying of the Part, retards the Cure. A Hurt in the Withers occafion'd by the large- nefs of the Saddle-Bands, provided it is not very great, will certainly be cur'd by what follows. 'fake the Whites of fix Eggs ', beat \ Remedy them with a Piece of Allum, almofl as for a fmall big as an Egg, for a Quarter of an Hour **^c *n &C together, till the whole be reduced to a ltters- very thick Scum or Froth', with which you muft rub the Swelling, and afterwards cover it with the1 reft of the Froth, fuffering it to dry upon the Part ; repeating the Application every tenth or twelfth, Hour, notwithstanding that the Heat and Swelling remains. If the Hurt be great, divert the Hu- mours by letting Blood in the Neck at A Remedy for firft , and repeating it after two Days. £%££ If a Tumour and Inflammation follows a Contufion, occafioned by the Saddle-Bows, anoint thrice a Day with the Duke's Ointment ; and cover the Withers with a Lamb's Splaying the Woolly fide next the Part, after you have bathed them with Lime- Wat er prepar'd without Sublimate ; for that Remedy does very powerfully allay the Inflammation ; and in this cafe Defenfives are of no ufe. If 302 The Compleat Horfeman: ory If the heat, diftention,and beating of the Tumour, fpeak its tendency to fuppuration, you muft alter your method, and wafli off the Ointment wilh luke- warm Oxycrate, mixt with a handful of Salt ', and, as foon as the part is dry, chafe it gently four times a day, with an Ointment made of half a pound of Populeon *, Honey and black Soap, of each a quarter of a pound ; mix'd cold, and diluted with a large glafs of Spirit of Wine. After which, cover the Sore with a Lamb's Skin, to promote the operation of the Ointment, which will diflipate the Humours and re- move the heat. During the external Cure of hurts in theWithers, give your Horfe a Dofe of Cinnabar-Pills for two days together, keeping him bridled two hours before, and after the taking of 'em \ and repeating the fame courfe after an interval of two days. In cafe of a tendency to Suppuration, if you can- not procure the above mentioned Ointment ; Take an equal quantity of Cummin- feed and Linfeed in pouder, boil them in Cows Milky with a large quantity of Pidge- ons Dung in pouder, and make a Poult is to ripen the Swelling, and aflwage the Pain. Take four Ounces of the Roots of Mar fly mallow /, beaten^ boil them in Water \ and afterwards add leaves of Mallows and Brank Vrfin, of each a handful. Af- ter they are well boiVd, beat them to a Mafh, adding Oil Olive and Butter, of each two Ounces. With flower of Fenugreekfeed) make a ripening Poult is to be applied warm. When the Swelling is ripe, make one or more holes in the lower part of the Swelling, with a red hot Iron, about the bignefs of the end of your Fin- ger •, and having preft out the Matter, drefs the holes with foft Tents, befmear'd with the Duke's Oint- ment ^ or put in Tents of Hogs-Lard, reaching from one hole to the other *, leaving no boggy or hollow place underneath, that the whole Matter ffiay be evacu- Part II. PerfeB Farrier. 303 evacuated. If there be any hollow place, you muffc pierce the Skin at the end of it, with a red hot Iron 7 and then put in Tents with the Luke's Ointment from one hole to another , keeping the Sore moift with the Duke's Ointment, to allay the Inflammation *, and3 if there be a large hollow with a great putrefa&ion9 injecting the yellow Water. This method is preferable to incifion, when the bottom of the Sore and the Bones are found. But, if the Bone be foul, the fureft way is to cut off all that is corrupted, and even the Mane, if there be occafion, without touching the Nerve that runs along it ; difcovering at once the bottom of the Sore, and piercing it to the quick. You muft cut the Sore floping, without high or fwelling Lips3 to keep the Matter from llagnating •, and carefully feparate the corrupt flelh, from the NechSinew ; the cutting of which would certainly fpoil the Horfe. Having thus freed the Sore of its corrup- tion, ftrew the place with red-hot Afhes, taken out of a burning Fire, till the Blood be ftopt. Next day wafh it with the Water of a Smith's Forge, luke- warm, or with warm Wine, Vrine, or the fecond Water -, and ftrew it again with hot Afies, repeating the fame method two or three times once in twenty four hours; for the alkaline, afiy Salt, being melted by the moifture of the Sore, deftroys the acid humour, and confequently abates the Swelling, Heat, and other Symptoms. In an Army where you cannot eafily come at Jjhcs, after the Incifion, bathe the Sore with Water, fully laden with diflblv'd Vitriol or the German green Copperas, and bind on it Flax dippM in the fame Water. After forty eight hours, take off the DrefTing j and, if you perceive any In- flammation, renew the application of the Flax as above, till the heat and fwelling are aifwag'd. Then wafh the Sore with the Water cf a Smith's Torge, lukewarm, and after that with the fecond 1 Watery g 04 The Compleat Horfeman : or^ Water, or Lime Water ; and befmear it with Ox* Call', covering it very foftly with Flax, or Powder of old Ropes j which, being remov'd, the next Day will leave the Sore fair and clean. Walh it again with the fecond Water, to allay the itching •, and af- terwards continue toanoint with Ox-Gall, and cover with Flax, and Powder of old Ropes, till it be heal'd. If you perceive any corrupt or bruifed Flefh, burn the Part, or apply the Powder of Colcotbar ; and after the Scab falls off, continue to anoint as before with Ox-Gall. To confume proud Flejh, the Powder of white Vitriol will ferve, where Caufticks are in- convenient. If the Ox Gall does not anfwer, you muft have recourfe to the Hermit's Ointment for Wounds. To make the Flefh firm, you may ftrew it with white Vitriol, laying a convenient Ointment over it. Swellings or Wounds on the Reins or Back are cured after the fame manner with thofe on the Wi- thers. So that the above- mention'd Remedies may ferve in all Wounds whatfoever. CHAP. XXII. Of the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and Venomous Beajlsn THE Cure of Madnefs, occafion'd by the biting of a mad Dog, whether in Men or Cattle, is commonly thought to depend either on a Miracle, or dipping in the Sea. But a Pamphlet lately printed at Poittiers, has difcover'd an eafy and in- fallible Receipt for that Difeafe •, which was con- fin'd as a Secret for feveral Ages, to a certain Fami- ly, and at la ft difcover'd by a Jefuit of the fame Fa- mily. This Medicine, fays the Pamphleteer, is recom- mended Part II. FerfeB Farrier. 90^ mended by fo many Experiments, that thofe who live near the Ocean, prefer it to the ufe of the Sea- Water. 'Tis this. If there be a Wound, cleanfe it very carefully, [craping it with an Iron In* An infallible ftrument, without cutting away any fart ?.e,JedJ iot of it, unlefs it be fo torn, that it can- cafioncd'by" not be united to the Member ; then bathe Biting, the Wound with Water and Wine, fome- what warm, mix'dwith apugil of Salt. TheWoiind being thus clean fed •, Take Rue, Sage, and Field- Dafies, both Leaves and Flowers, of each a Vugil (this will ferve for one Wound) with a convenient Quan- tity of the Roots of Eglantine or Sweet- bryar, and of Spanijh Scorz^onera, chopped very fmall, and five or fix Heads of Garlick, each of the bignefs of a fmall Nuii, Beat the Eglantine Roots with the Sage in a Mortar 5 then add the other Ingredients, with a Vugil of Bay Salt, beating them together in the fame Mortar, to a Majlj, a part of which you muft apply to the Pare, and, if the Wound be deep, you muft like- wife pour fome of the Juice of the fame Mafh into it. This done, incorporate the remaining part of the Majh with a Glafs of White- wine in a Mortar ', and ftjueeze it through a Linnen-Cloth, giving the ftraind Liquor to be drunk fading, warning the Mouth af- terwards with Wine and Water % and faftiug for three Hours after. 'Tis fufficient to fcrape and wafh the Wound the firft Day •, but the Pultis and Potion muft be re- peated nine Days together -, after which, the Pa- tient may freely converfe with his Friends -, and, if the Wounds are not perfectly cured, they maybe drefs'd like fimple Wounds. In the cafe of Dogs, you may fhift the Wine for Milk, becaufe they drink it more eailly, V i To 306 The CoMpleatHorJewan : ory To prevent the trouble of a Jour- ' Another eafy ney t0 foe djp'd in the Sea ; when one i&fiui isbittcnbyamadBcaft Take a good Beafts. quantity of Oyfter-jheUs, lay them on hot Embers, and of en them with a piece of a Coal ', which being kindled, will burn or calcine the Shell, Let them lie in the fire hill they grow brittle, and per- fectly white , after which, beat their lower half to a pon- der, which will keep as long as you will Take this pouder of the under half of the Oyfter-fliells (for the upper part is ufelefs) and fry it with Oil Olive ', of which, give to Horfes, Dogs, and other Cattle, as much as they can fwallow, once in two days, making 'em faft fix hours before, and as long after it. To Men you may give the pouder of the under part of one Oyfierjhell, fiy'd with Oil Olive, and made into a Pancake with/iwr Eggs •, taking it falling, and abftaining from eating fix hours after. There are certain Venomous Crea- of the Bitings tureSy refembling Mice, which breed °L* Z%. v in rotten Straw ; thebitings of which Mice, bred in /••«■*• j -^ ■ rotten straw, are fatal to Horfes and Dogs •, and when a Cat eats them, (he dies in a kind of Confumption. If they bite a Horfe in the Tafiern, ov Fetlock-Joint, the part fwells, extending the Tumor to the Hough, Cods and Fundament, and without timely afiiftance the Horfe dies in eight and forty hours : If they bite the Belly of a Horfe, the Tumor either rifes towards the Throat, or extends to the Sheath ; and quickly kills him. As for the Cure : If it be in the Leg *, lie a Rib- bon or Garter of the breadth of an Inch, above the Swel- ling, to flop its progrefs ; and beat the fwollen part with a branch of Goofcbcrry-bufo, till it be ail over bloody, then chafe it with a large quantity of Orvietan, or Ve- nice-Treacle \ exhibiting inwardly, at the fame time, an Ounce e>f either of thefe Medicines in Wine, The nexE day Part II. Perfect Farrier. %of day anoint. again, and exhibit half an Oiince of the fame Remedy. After which, untie the Garter, chafe the Leg with Spirit of Wine, few a Cloth dip'd in the fame Spirit about the Swelling *, and after that, rub the part with the Duke's Oyntment, to afTwage the Swellings. The fame Remedies will ferve for all venomoiu Bitings follow'd by Swellings : Bating the Sitings of Serpents, againft: which, I take the Effence of Vipers td be the molt effectual remedy. CHAP. XXIIL Of a Cough. HOrfes are often fubje& to Coughs ; againft which, 'twill be proper to mix an equal quantity of Fenugreek, and flower of Brim fl one, with moi fiend Oats ; and to give 'em for ordinary drink a Pailful of Wa*> tert mix'd with a pound of fiony. For fat Horfes, the continu'd ufe of a fmall handful of Hempfeed, mix'd with Oats, is very ferviceable ; as alfo the infufion of that feed, in White-Wine, given after it lias infus'd a Night. The continu'd ufe of a hand" ful of Juniper-Berries, or of the Wood, and greeri leaves of Tamartik, ftamp'd, and mix'd with moift- en'd Oats or Bran, rifing every day from a fmaller Co a larger quantity -7 is likevvife very proper0 Or, Take newly churn d Butter, before it R < is waft d, and Hony, of each a pound', fora^CJho with two Ounces of Juniper-berrieS, make Pills, to be rolled up in pouder of Liquorice \ and given with a pinr, or a pint and a half of White-Wine, keeping the Horfe bridled two hours before, and IF f % thr^ 308 The Compleat Horfeman : ory three Hours after ; repeating the fame two or three times, interpofing a Day or two between the Dofes. Or, Another Re- Take of clear Oil of Wallnuts, newly inedy. drawn, a pint ; common Honey, a pound 7 and thirty Grains of white Pepper bea- ten* Mix, and give the whole once, or at molt twice. Two or three Nutmegs grated, with half a pint of Brandy, will cure a Cough in one Dofe, unlefs the Horfe be old. In which cafe it mult be repeated 7 or elfe infufe all Night a fmall Porringer of dry Pige- ons Dung, beaten in a quart of White -wine , in the Morn- ing heat it till it begins to boil, then ft rain out the Liquor, to which > add two ounces of Juice of Liquorice* Mix and exhibit, repeating the fame thrice, interpofing one Day between the Dofes. r! F - In inveterate Coughs that would ™i\]s hf an not yield to common Remedies, I old Cough. llave ^cn the following Pills of lin- gular ufe : Take Flower of Brimftoney four ounces 7 Annifeeds beaten, two ounces ', Liquorice dried in the Shade and beaten, four ounces ', Bayberries, in fine Powder^ four ounces \ brown Sugar-candy, fix ounces ', good Treacle, four ounces , Oil Olive, eight ounces ', Tarr, two ounces. Incorporate all together in a Mortar, and with four Eggs beaten in a Dijh, make Pills weighing ten Drams each, to be dried in the Shade on a Hair-Sieve turn'd upfide down. Give one of thefe Pills once a Day, for 20 Days to- gether, in a Pint of Red or White-wine, keeping the Horfe bridled an hour before, and two hours after ; giving him at the fame time his ufual Allowance of Meat, and walking, working, or riding him, as at other times. Tho' thefe Pills are moift, they'll ne- ver grow mouldy: They may alfo be beaten and mix'd with Bran. CHAP. Part II. Perfett Farrier. 3 op CHAP. XXIV. Of Obflruffions of the hungs, fevers, and other Sicfaejfes, occafiorfd hj Founder trig. A Horfe, which had fo great an A i^medyfor Oppreffion in the Flanks, that obfirumm of he was thought to be Purfivey and gi- Lmgs' ven over for loft, was perfe&ly cured by the fol- lowing Remedy. Take Cardum Beneditlas, Moffy Lungwort, chopfd finally of each an Handful -, Mifletoe of the Oak beaten^ an Ounce ^ Roots of Marflj mallows-, and Elecampane ftamfd in a Mortar, half an Ounce % Hyjfop-, two Hand- fuls. Boil the Ingredients about half an Hour \ then prefs out the Liquor, and add half an Ounce of Juice of Liquorice *, an Ounce of the Powder of Li~ quorice *, Annifeed and Fennel-feed, in fine Powder, of each half an Ounce ; a Scruple of Saffron *, half a Pound of clarified Honey, and a Ouart of White-wine* Make a Deco&ion to be given blood- warm at two Ddfesf keeping the Horfe bridled fix Hours before, and walking him an Hour after, and keeping him bri- dled four Hours longer. Continue the ufe of this four Days together, then intermit three Days3 and after that give him four Dofes more. If this does not fucceed, give him a Purging Medicine, and after that the following Powder, v}A. Take three Pound of Linfeed, dried in a Furnace \ three Ounces of Gentian \ two Ounces of Fenugreek * of Ele* campane, an Ounce and an half j Sage^, and Hyffopy of each three Ounces ; Brimftone, half a Pound, Make a Powder, of which give two Spoonfuls with Bran every Morning, keeping the Horfe bridled for an flour and an half after it. F f 3 §io Tfce Compleat Horjewan : ory A Fever join'd to Foundering, re- A^meiyfor uires more timely and quick aflift- *evers# ance. In this cafe, injedt a Clyfter of the Emollient DecoZlion, with half a found of Hony^ lukewarm ; or boil an Ounce of Crocus Metallorum in finepouder, in five pints of Beer, for half a quarter of an hour*, then fuffering it to fettle, pouroffthe liquor, ftrain it thro' a linnen Cloth doubled, ad- ding a quarter of a pound of Butter ', and inject the whole lukewarm, at four in the Afternoon : At fix exhibit the following Remedy, keeping the Horfc bridled till eight. Take the diftilfd Waters of Cardum BenediElns, and Scabious, of each fix Ounces ; Waters of the Queen of the Meadow, Cinnamon and Succory, of each four Oun- ces •, thin Conferve of Rofes, two Ounces ; Confection of Alhrmes, without Musk^ or Amber greafe, an Ounce ; Venice-Treacle, half a Dram ', pouder of Oriental Saffron, fix Grains, Mix, and give it with a Horn, rinfing the Horn and the Horfe's Mouth with a mixture of the Waters of Car dims Benedifttts, Succory and Scabious^ of each an Ounce and a half. Next day at four in the Af- ternoon, inject the Clyfter prefcrib'd above ; at fix, let him blood in t,he two Plait Feins of the Thighs, keeping him bridled two hours after. Repeat the Dofe of the Remedy two or three times -, but not the bleeding, without neceflity. In the meantime let him eat a little Hay, injeft Clyfters often, and waftl his Mouth frequently with Ver juice, Salt, and Heny. For his ordinary drink, infufe in a Pailful of Water, the Dough of a Penny Loaf, ready to be put in- to the Oven', which is infinitely better than Flower. if the Horfe continues long in a lying poftnre, 'tis a very good fign, as intimating that his difficulty of breathing is not great •, and tho' he complains more when lying, than when ftanding, that is not to be regarded, fince the fouadeft {lories are wont to do the fame^ For Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 311 For another Remedy in the like cafe: Take the Waters of Scor&onera, lnedy.e C" Queen of the Meadow, Cardum Bene- dittus and Scabious, of all two pints and an half, dijfolv- ing in the fame an Ounce of the Confefbion of Hyacinth, without Mtuk or Ambergreafe, and one Treacle Till in pouder. Mix, and give it with a Horn in the Morn- ing, rinfing the Pot, Horn, and the Horfe's Mouth with half a pint of wild Succory Watery and keeping him bridled three hours before, and two hours af- ter. At Night injed a Clyfter lukewarm, of an Ounce and a half of Sal Polychrefi, and half an Qunce of Pulp of Coloquintida, without the feeds, boii'd in five pints of Beer, half a quarter of an hour ', difTolving in the ftrain'd Liquor a quarter of a pound of good Po- puleum. The frequent Repetition of this Clyfter^ will promote the cure very much. The Lieutenant's Decottion is likewife very proper, viz.. Take Cardum Bene- A Decoflion diBus, and Hyffop, of each a handful ; ^^Voun- juice of Liquorice two Ounces \ Roots of fai*& Hor fes, Gentian, ftamtfd in a Mortar, an Ounce. Boil *em in a pint and an half of Water for half an hourf then remove it from the Fire, and add a pint of White- Wine, and as much Saffron as you can lift with three Fingers. Strain out the Liquor for one or two Do- fes • the next day after this is taken, let your Horfe blood in the Flanks, and keep him in a temperate place. Since Horfes in this condition are wont to eat ve- ry little, they mult be nourifh'd with cleans dBarly\ without Butter or Fat ', or with Bread or Bran •, re- membring to put the Bitt frequently into the Horfe's Mouth -, and always to offer him meat when you un- bridle him. Ff4 CHAP, 313 Tfre Cowpleat Horseman : ory CHAP. XXV. Of the Preparations and Virtues of Crocus Me* tallorum, Sal Polychrejt, and the Golden Sul- phur of Antimony. Liver of An- rl~T0 prepare the Crocus Metallo- timony. JL rum *, Take equal Quantities of the crude Antimony that is fullest of Points * and Nitre, found 'em feparately; mix7 em in a Cru- cible ; fet 'em on Tire with a Match or live Coal. When the Flame is extinguijjj'd, feparate the Liver from the Scoriae, under which you 11 find it ; reduce it to a very fine Powder \ then throw it into Water, and beat again in the fame Mortar, that which the Water can- not diffolve ; continuing after the fame manner, till the whole Matter be reduced to an impalpable Powder. Then let the Water fettle, and at the Bottom yon will find a Liver-colour d Powder, which you mult continue to wafti by pouring on frefh Water, till the Salt of the Nitre, that is not confumed by the Flame, be wholly feparated from' the Pow- der. Tbis Crocus, and its lnfufion in Wine, is gi- ven only to Men : For 'tis not proper for Horfes. Inftead of it, we prepare a Liver of Antimony, thus : Take of choice crude Antimony grofsly beaten, fix Pounds \ Salt-petre, of 'the fecond Solution (the white and refined being too violent) four Pounds and an half Mix the Nitre*, beaten very fmall, with the Antimony, in an Iron Pot,orBrafs Mortar, fo that two Thirds may remain empty ; then kindle the matter as above, (landing at a con- venient difiance to avoid the fumes of the Antimony. When the matter is cold, turn up the Mortar, for t\e Liver lies at the Bottom, under the Scoria ; and if it be right Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 315 right prepared, fhines Tike Glafs, and is of a very dark brown Colour. The Scoria, being a Com- bination of the Sulphur of Antimony and Nitre9 are of excellent life in all Clyfters, where Sal To- lychresl is prefcrib'd. The Liver muft not be wallrd, for by that means 'tis ftripp'd of its Ver- mes. Two Ounces of it, reduced to fine Powder, and given to a Horfe with Oats or moiftend Bran, once a Day for the fpace of a Month, is an univerfal Medicine for lofs of Appetite, Worms, Wounds, Farcin% Mange, Obftrutlions, wafted Limbs, Cough, Shortnefs of Breath ; and in a word, for all Diftempers that do not require hot Medicines. It operates without any fenkblG Evacuation, throwing out the Impurity of the Blood by infenfible Tranfpiration } upon which account 'tis, that when a Horfe is curry'd, we find the Impurity of Filth flicking to his Skin much en- creafed upon the firft taking of this Medicine. It cools and refrefhes the Body, and by confequence is not proper in the Glanders, Strangles, ox Running at the Nofe. I know the ancient Phyficians decry'd Antimonial Preparations, as being full of Arfenical and Corrofive Spirits : But Experience gives it againft them •, for I have given to feveral Horfes four or five Pounds of this Remedy, in daily Doles, without Intermiffion ; and was fo far from obferving any Corrofion in the Stomach or Inteflines, that it rendred them brisk, lufty, and fat. This Remedy purifies the whole Mafs of Blood by infenfible Tranfpiration^ and ac- cordingly raifes a Commotion and Ebullition in the Blood, when 'tis firft taken; upon which account, during the firft ten Days, you muft neither gallop, nor work, nor even ride the Horfe much, for fear of Foundering him. 'Tis true, moderate Exercife is very neceflary for promoting the Expulfion of the impure Vapours by the Pores of the Skin ; but ve- hement Exercife, efpecially in the beginning, is ex- treamly 3^4 The Cample at Horfeman : ory treamly hurtful *, and when he fweats, you muffc carefully wipe and dry him, and prevent his growing fuddenly cold •, tho' after the firft Ebullition of the Blood is over, you need not confine your felf to fo flri& an obfervance of thofe Cautions. Neither this, nor any other Preparation of Antimony -, has any Pur- gative influence upon Horfes : For I gave to a Horfe, two Pills of the Regulm of Antimony \ of the bignefs of a large Nut ; and two days and a half after, he voided them, without any alteration, or the leaft iign of Purgation. I gave the fame Pills to another Horfe, who two days after voided one, and kept the other in his body feven Years. The Emetich T° make Emetic^ Wine : Let two Wine Ounces of Liver of Antimony in fine pouder, ftand twenty four hours in a cold hfufion in three pints of White-Wine •, then pour off a quarts and add another in its place \ repeating fcheabftradtionoftheold, and the addition of frefh Wine, five or fix times. 'Tis an excellent Medicine, both for Men and Horfes. To fatisfy the curious, I fhall here ^efdA- ta^e occaI*on t0 unf°ld the nature of timonjf n cru^e Antimony. 'Tis a cheap and com- mon Mineral, approaching to a Metal- lick Body, of a black colour, fomewhat bluifh, with large points like Needles, fhining like polifh'd Tin. *Tis compos'd of a pure fix'd Sulphur, approaching to that of Gold, and an Inflammable Sulphur like common Brimftone, with a great deal of folid and well conco&ed Mercury^ and a little thick and fat Earth. The Hungarian is the beft. The defign of all its Preparations, is to open and unlock the body of the Regulus^ by reducing it to fmaller and more penetrating Atoms \ which affume the figure of the Salts, with which they are joyn'd •, and may again be reinftated in their primitive form by Nitre or Borax* Since Part II. FerfeSt Farrier. 315 Since all fufible Medicines exert their force more a&ively, than in J * diffolveable lumps y it mult needs be of great ufe to render Sulphur or its Flowers fufible, they being juftly reckon'd the Balfam of the Lungs. For which end fet a Crucible, or Iron Tot, in the midft of an heap of live Coals, till it be all over red hot., even at the bottom ; then caft into it with a Spoon, a mixture of Sulphur and fine Nitre, both in ponder^ half an Ounce of each. 'Twill break out into a Flame. When the Flame difappears, ftir the mat- ter at the bottom with fome Iron Inftrument, to make the Fire penetrate it more effectually -, and caft in more of the fame mixture by Spoonfuls, ftirring the matter as before, after the difappear- ance of the Flame, between every Spoonful v con- tinuing after the fame manner, till all the mixture is caft in. Then cover the Crucible, and lay Coals on the top, and every where round the fides, fuffer- ing it to cool of it felf. After 'tis cold, beat the matter to ponder, which, if rightly prepar'd, will be of a pale Rofe colour •, or elfe white, when the Nitre is not very pure. If it be greyifh, 'tis naught. Four pounds of the mixture will yield a pound and a half of Salt. This Salt diflblves in Water, and grows red in the Fire without wafting. 'Tis fo very cooling, that it muft not be given alone ; but corrected with half an ounce of Juniper-berries to an ounce of the Salt ; or with fcrapings of Nutmeg in moiften'd Bran. If the Horfe will not eat it fo, let it infufe all Night in a quart of Wine, and give the Infufion lukewarm to the Horfe, fading. If its cooling quality offends him, he will lofe his Appetite, and his Hair will brittle and ftare, efpecially in the Flanks •, in which cafe it ought to be fhifted for Cordial Ponders ; for tho' the intemperance of Men, and the inflaming Fire of their paffions calls for cwling %i6 The Compkat Horfeman: ory cooling Medicines \ yet Horfes, who are free from fitch Commotions, ftand rarely in need of cooling Remedies. However, for a Beating of the Flanks, and a bak'd Drinefs of the Dung, three or four Ctyfiers, with two Ounces of Sal Polychresl, to each Clyfter,, are of very good ufe. Tho' I have noDefign to invade a Medi*i»e% Phyfcian's Province, I cannot but take Men. notice of an excellent Preparation of Sal VolychreU of peculiar ufe to Men, in Obftm&ions of the Bowels, Stoppage of the Lungs, Spitting of Blood, and Falls \ which purges gently without heating the Body. 'Tis this : "take Sal Polychreft, diffolve it in Water, ftrain the Water , and hoi I it till there ap fears a Film on the Top ; then put it into a Wooden Veffel, and fet it to cryftallife in a Cellar. Then take four Drams of thefe Chryftals, one Stalk of Liquorice beaten, two Pugils of the Flowers of double Damask Rofes, either frefh or dry -, or, inftead of thefe, of Violet Flowers. Put all into an Earthen Tot, with a Quart of boiling Water, and let them ftand in Jnfufton all Night. In a Morning drink a large Glafsful of the Water, and another about an Hour after. You may likewife diffolve half an Ounce of thefe Chryfials, in two Quarts of Water, for a Diet- drink, to be ufed at Meals. The true Preparation of the G al- ike Golden jm Sulphur 0f Antimony is as follows : Sulphur or An- ^ 1 rr , A . J n j timoni. *a*e °f cru"e Antimony, two Founds ; Tartar, a Pound ; fine Nitre, half a Tound ', male a Regulus according to Art, and boil the Scoriae in afufficient Quantity of Water, fiirring it from time to time till part of the Scoriae be diffolved. Fil- trate the Solution through brown paper, and re- ferve the ftrain'd Liquor. At the fame time, boil a fufficient Quantity of Tartar in Wine, (lining it till it be diflblv'd, which will require a confiderable time. Then p our by degrees the Solution of the Tartar upon the Solution Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 3 1 7 Solution of the Scoriae, in an Earthen^ Tot ; and they'll precipitate a brown Powder , throwing out a ftrong and ftinking Smell. Dry this Powder on brown Paper, and preferve it for the Golden Sulphur of Antimony* Infufe all Night from half an ounce tv an ounce of this Sulphur, with a double Quantity of fine white Flour (to keep it from falling to the bottom) in a quart of White -wine ; and give the Infufion to your Horfe every Morning, for fifteen or twenty Days, keeping him bridled two Hours before, and three Hours after. This Remedy does admirably redrefs the lank and heated Flanks of lean and tired Horfes, and difpels thofe Humours that keep 'em from growing fat. It does not purge Horfes, but by infenfible Tranfpiration purifies the Blood, loofens the Skin from the Bones, cools the internal Parts, opens the Paflages, and encreafes the natural Heat ; for where- as other cooling Medicines make the Horfe leant and the Hair to flare, and fink the Appetite, this is attended with no fuch Inconveniency. 5Tis not only of ufe for lean and tired Horfes, but likewife for the Cure of the Farcin, Scab, Cough, Feeling of the Head, and a beginning Fur fivenefs. Thofe who cannot go to the charge of the above-mention'd Medicines for xhoiofswhz Horfes tired with hard Riding, may tired HoTfe's. bleed the Horfe in the Neck ; the next Day injecl a Clyfier with an ounce and an half of Sal Polychresl ', and the Day following exhibit a pound and a half of Oil Olive, keeping him bridled two Hours beforehand after ; and four days after that give him the following Purging and Comforting Potion. Take the Eletlvary of Diacarthamvm^ and fine Catholicvm of Nicolaus, of each A ?r^'n£ an ounce-, Venice-Treacle, two Drams-, *? Potkm^ liquid Conferve of Red Rofes, and Pow- der of Serna Leaves , of each an ounce ; Pulp of g 1 8 The Contpledt Horfemdn : ory Cajfia, two Ounces ; juice of Liquorice , half an Ounce ; Scammony Sulphurated, two Drams ', Annifeed and Cumminfeed, of each a Dram. Give all in a quart of White-Wine, keeping him bridled fix hours before, and two hours after. If this does not make a fuf- ficient purgation^ give him a purging Clyfter. Feed him with moifterfd Hay and honyd Water. If after all, you perceive no amendment, you mlift have recourfe to the Cordial Pouder, the Golden Sulphur, and Clyfters ; and afterwards repeat the Purgation. If the purging Potion is too chargeable, give the Me- dicines prefcrib'd in the next Chapter. CHAP. XXVL The Method of Fattening HorfeSi FO R aneafy, cheap, and very effe&ual Method of Fattening a Horfe \ after you have let him blood, give him for his ordinary and only Drink, a pailful of Water, after half a Bujhel of coarfe Barley Meal has been ftir'd in it for a confiderable time, and then fuffer'd to fall to the bottom, the Water being pour'd off into another Pail : Make him eat the Meal remaining at the bottom, Morning, Noon, and Night; adding to it a little Bran or Oats, if he refutes to eat it ; and afterwards leflening the quantity of the Bran or Oats, gradually, till you bring him to eat the Meal alone. The Barley muffc be ground every day, for it quickly grows foure. Continue this Diet twenty days ; and when your Horfe grows lufty, take him off from it by degrees, giving him at fir'ft Oats once a day, and the Meal twice, and afterwards the Meal but once, and the Oats twice, and foon, In the mean time you may give Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 319 give him Hay and good Straw ; but you muft not ride him, only walk him foftly about half an hour in the middle of the day. After he has eaten Barley Meal eight days, give him the following Purgative, if you find he ftands in need of it. Take of the fine ft Aloes, an Ounce and half, Agarick, and Roots of Florentine Orris, of each an Ounce ', beat all to pouder, and give 'em with a quart cf Milk, warm from the Cow, keeping him bridled fix hours before, and four hours after, without difcontinuing his ufual Diet. Since the body was cool'd before by the Diet, the purge will occafion no heat or diforder. The fame Diet is an admirable prefervative from feveral Diftempers, efpecially at the end of a Campaign, or after a long Journey. If the Horfe lofes his Appetite, when he be- gins to eat the Mealy tye a chewing Ball to his Bitt, renewing it often \ for it not only reftores the Ap- petite, but contributes to the Fattening of the Horfe. CHAP. XXVII. Of the Palpitation of the Heart. TH E Beating, or Palpitation of the Heart, is a violent motion, by which it endeavours to expel fomething that oppreiTes it. 'Tis occafion'd by hard riding, violent exercife, corrupt Water, bad nourifhment, and whatever produces heat or obftru&ions. When 'tis violent, the motion may be perceiv'd on the fides, as likewife a noife like the blows of a Hammer. Some Horfes bear it without lofs of Appetite, or any extraordinary beating in the Flanks, Tis a vehement Diftemper, but 320 The Compleat Hmtfeman : or, but not mortal, unlefs it be accompanied with a Fever. Horfes once feiz'd with it are ufually flib- je& to it afterwards. The Cure is performed by a frequent repetition of Bleeding, Clyfters, and Cordial Remedies. For Clyfters, 1 refer you to the foregoing Chapters. As for Cordials, you have the Elettuary of Kermes, the Cordial Powder, the Lieutenant's Powder, and the Cordial Balls, which are to be repeated every Day, or at leaft once in two Days. If the Palpita- tion be accompanied with a vehement beating in the Flanks, give him a quart of a Cordial Mixture, of the Waters of Vifers-grafs, Scabious, Cardum Bene- ditlus, and Rofes, with an ounce of the Confection of Hyacinth without Mw\ or Ambergreefe, and one of the Cordial Balls reduced to Powder, rinfingthe Pot and Horn with half a pint of the fame Cordial Waters. Or, Take Buglofs, Borrage, and Bawm, of An eafy Re- eacfj a haj7dful ; boil 'em in a fuffcient rnedy for a Quantity of Water for the fpace of Palpitation >-f/, J^' r J T1 Jf ... ,J of the Heart. "a*f a Qjiarter °J an Hour, till the Water be reduced to a Pint. Then re- moving it from the Fire, add two Handfvls of Sorrel, and let it ft and till it be cold. Diffolve in the ftrained Liquor, an Ounce and a half if the Confervt of Rofes, half an Ounce of the Confection of Hya- cinth without Musk or Ambergreefe, and ten Grains of Saffron. Make your Horfe drink it lukewarm, and two Hours after, give him an Emollient Clyfter, with Sal Polychreft, repeating the Clyfter every fix Hours, and the Potion once a Day ; keeping him to a fpare Diet of moiftened Bran, without Oats, and walking him frequently at a Foot-pace, When the Palpitation is perfectly cur'd, 'twill be convenient to give him the Purge prefcribed in the foregoing Chapter, walking him next Day till the Evacuation is quite over: After which, you may give Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. 321 give him his ufual Allowance of Oats. This is a general Method of Cure for all Sorts of Palp* rations. If it be Summer, and if you per- ceive an exceffive Heat in the Horfe's |£^iu* Body, let him bleed in the Neck- cxJffive HetU Vein, and make him (land in Water up to the Neck for an Hour \ then give him a Draught, compos'd of the Waters of Vipers grafs^ Scabious, Rofes, and bitter Succory, of each a glafsfuL °7 with an Ounce of Cream of Tartar, and four Ounces of Syrup of the Juice of Sorrel , or of Violets: You may likewife give him an Ounce of Sal Poly- chreft in a Quart of Wine, and walk him an Hour or lefs, according to his Strength, and afterwards give him an Emollient and Cooling Clyfier, with Sal Polychresl in it. If it be Winter, and no exceflive Heat be perceiv'd in the Horfe's Bo- lfJi^J% dy, omit letting Blood, unlefs there &m* be a great Oppreflion (in which cafe you may open the Veins of the Thighs, or that in the Brisket) and exhibit the following Cordial Potion. Take Cardum Benedict us, Sage, and Rofemary, of each a Handful ; boil ^em in a Pint and a half of Wa- ter, to the confumption of half a Pint. To the ftraind Liquor add a Pint of White- wine ; Juniper Berriesr round Birthwort, Myrrh* and Shavings of Ivory, of each a Dram ; Galangal, Cinnamon and Cloves, of each a Scruple \ Saffron, fix Grains, all in fine Powder i Make your Horfe drink this Potion lukewarm, then walk him half an Hour *, and two Hours after give him a Clyfier of three Quarts of the Emollient DecoBion9 with four Ounces of the Carminative purging Oil, a Quarter of a Pound of Oil of Bay, and two Ounces of Butter* o g to 322 The Compteat Horfeman : or. In all cafes, you muft be cautious of over- cooling the Horfe's Body ; for, as I fa id before, their Con- dition is different from that of Mens. CHAP. XXVIII. Of Fevers. Vigorous young Hoffes of a flender make, are often attack'd by putrid Fevers , in which cafe, they ftupidly hang their Heads, and can fcarcekeep their Eyes open \ they reel as they go j the Tongue and Roof of the Mouth is blackifh, rough and dry ^ a great heat is fpread over all the Body -, their Eyes are red, their Breath hot and iharp, and their Flanks beat violently. ■ As for the Cure : Let Blood immediately, fome- times in the Neck, Temple, or Eye- Veins-, and fometimes in the Brisket, Flanks, or Veins of the Thighs^ for Bleeding eafes the diftended Veflels, allays the Heat and Ebullition \ and by leffening the quantity of the Humours, gives nature an op- portunity of fubduing the reft. Feed the Horfe with green Barley, Dandelion, and the Tops of Fine- leaves *, and that in fnch a quantity, as is juft fuffi- cient to keep him from ftarving. For his ordinary drink, boil two Ounces of white Tartar^ in fine ponder, in two quarts of Water, for a quarter of an hour: Then pour the Decoction into a Pailful of Water, with a handful of Barley-flower •, and let him drink as much as he pleales. Nothing is of more ufe for allay- An excellent ing the Heat, and quieting the Com- cheap Remedy motion of the Humours, and pro- for Few*. yoking Urine powerfully, than what fol- Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 323 follows. Put a quart of Water, with two Ounces of Salt of Tartar in a brazen Pot, with a cover, and fet it over the Fire, till the Salt be diffolv^d. Dijfolve after1 the fame manner, an Ounce of Sal Armoniack in poudery in another quart of Water. Mix the two Solutions iri a Pail, and fill np the Pail with Water, adding a little Barley -flower, to qualify the unpleafant Tafte. This Febrifuge ought always to be mixt with his drink, for it excels Sal PrunefU, and all others that can be prefcrib'd. When the Horfe does not eat or drink, let him be always bridled, with a Bag ty'd to the Bitt, containing, Jjfa-fcetida and Savin% both in ponder, of each half an Ounce. Cordial Waters are very proper in ... this Cafe, for they inable Nature to fio%rdta /Pe* refifl: the malignity, and by their moi- fture allay the internal heat. For Inftance : Tate, three pints of the Waters of Scabious, Carduus Bene* diftus, Scorzonera, and Queen of the Meadow, with an Ounce of the Confetlion of Alkermes. Make the Horfe drink it up •, and repeat it next day, if there be occafion. Above all, Clyfiers repeated, if there A Turgfa£ be occafion, three or four times a day, clvflcr fof relieve the Horfe mod effectually. Take Fever* two Ounces of the Scoria of Liver of Antimony, in fine pouder if. boil them in five pints of Whey , made of Cow* Milk ; and after two or three brisk waums, remove it jiom the Fire, and immediately add two heads of Colo- quintida, fliced fmall ; and after 'tis half cold, prefs out the Liquor, to which add a quarter of a pound of Butter , and inject it lukewarm. This is a Purga- tive Clyfter, that mult not be ufed daily -, but the fol* lowing may be repeated fever al times a day. C g % Tak$ 3^4 The Cowpkat Horfewan : or, A cooli s ^a^e afuffic*etJt Quantity of the [often* Clyfter. *n£ Herbs and Fennel-feed, beaten with an Ounce and an half of Sal PolychresTy and two Handfttls of whole Barley. Boil and ftrain, adding to the ftrain'd Liquor Oil of Rofes and Vio- lets, of each four Ounces ; extracted Cajfia or Bene- ditlum Laxativum, three Ounces. Injeft it often, and rub the Horfe now and then againft the Hair, to give vent to the fuliginous Vapours by opening the Pores. But if the Fever continues three Days with- out Intermiflion, you may fuperfede all Medi- cines, and throw the Horfe upon the Dunghil ; for in that time, the Liver is quite confum'd by the Heat, as appears by the Difle&ion of Horfes that die of Fevers. In the Declenfion of the Fever, it FewrT * wiu be. necef&ry to exhibit a Purge -, for which end, I recommend the fol- lowing, which purges efFe&ually, without heating the Body. Take Powder of white Tartar, and fine Nitre, of each two Ounces ; put 'em in nn Earthen Difh, and kindle *em with a live Coal. After the matter is fufficiently burnt and cold, beat it to a fine Powder ; pit it into Water and White-wine, of each a Quart, with four Ounces of Sen- na. Let *em ft and all Night in a cold Infufion. Then four the flrain d Infufion upon four or five Drams of Scam- mony in fine Powder, incorporated with half a Pound of Honey prepared with the Herb Mercury \ftir -ring all gently with a Peftle in a Mortar. Give the whole Qpaatity keeping the Horfe bridled four Hours before, and three Hours after. Feed him with mot ft end Bran in- ftead of Oats', and twenty four Hours after, walk him gently for the fpace of an Hour, This Medi- cine may be fafely adminifter'd on all OccafionSj without any Danger of heating, or inflaming the £ody. < CHAP. Part II. PerfeSt Farrier, %2$ CHAP. XXIX. Of the Farcin. TH E Farcin is a Swelling, that frequently ap- pears with an Ulcer, Tpreading almoft over the whole Body 5 caufed by a Corruption in the Blood, and a certain Malignity of the Humours. It has fome Affinity with the French Vox in Men •, and is cured like that, by removing the Caufe, L e. purifying and fweetening the Blood *, for which end, feed your Horfe with moifiertd Bran., bleed him, and two Days after keep him bridled fix Hours, or till Morning; at which time give him Saffafras Wood, Sarfaja- ^x/eUfQn* rilla, and Gvaiacum, in grofs Powder, of ^ Farcin*. each three Ounces, in a Quart of White- nine \ rinfing the Pot arTd Horn with half a Vint of the fame Wine, which he mull alfo drink, and ftand bridled fix Hours. Then give him moiftend Bran and Hay, and fuffer him to eat and drink two Hours. Then let him ftand bridled all Night as before, and take the fame Dofe next Morning ; con- tinuing the fame Method three, or, if need be, fix Days. When the Knots arc ripe, open them, if they do not break of their own accord *, and having drawn out all the Matter, drefs'em every Day with the Ointment of Portugal. If a Farcin be of fo long ftanding, of-an imctd: that the Liver and Lungs are corrupt- rm FarGin. ed and wafted •, or that it is accompa- nied with a Running at the Ucok, or feizes on the Kernels, or that the Knots void great Pieces of Flefh, like large Mufhromes*, no Guftgis to beex- pe&edj efpeciaily after a fuccefslefs Ad minift ration G g 3 ^ 3^6 The CowpleatHprfewan : or0 of the foregoing Remedies. However, if the Lungs are only dry'd, and but (lightly ulcerated, fome- what may be done •, or becaufe the condition of the Lungs is not eafily trac'd, 'twill be proper to make a trial, by making the Horfe champ twenty four hours together, upon two Ouncet of Jftt-fcetida, fpread upon a Stick, and wrap'd up in a Cloth, without fuffering him to eat or drink all the while •, for a Horfe may fair fo long without danger. By this means he will call forth a prodigious quantity of filthy humours; and, if the Lungs be not con- fum'd, or the Liver ulcerated, he may recover. And perhaps it would not be amifs to put a fecond ftick of frefh Affa-fcetida into hisMouth, after twelve hours. This done •, if the Horfe be flelhy and full of raw, tough, and vifcous Humours, like your Dutch bulky Horfes : Infufe ten Ounces of the fhavings of Guaiacum-wood, or , for want of that , of Box wood, in trine pints of Water, for twelve hours, on hot AJhes, T^en boil with a gentle heat in a cover d Veffel, to the con- fumption of the third part of the Water. Give the Horfe a quart of the ftrain'd liquor every day, for eight days together, keeping him bridled three hours before and after ; and then purge him, for the Deco&ion attenuates and prepares the Humour for 'Evacuation. If the Horfe be lean, dry, and cholerick \ Tut four Qunces of China Roots, cut very fmall, into a large glafs Bottle, well flopped. After they've infos' d fifteen hours, boil 'em over a gentle Fire, in a covered Veffel, to the con fumption of one half. Give your Horfe a third part of the ftrain'd liquor lukewarm, every Morning, keeping him bridled two hours before and after. It mult be prepar'd frefh every three days, becaufe 'tis apt to foure. After eight Do- Jefc, p\\rge him? for this Deco&ion prepares the Hu- Part II. Perfect Farrier. 327 Humours for Evacuation, without augmenting the Heat. For a Horfe of a middling nature, give, for fix: or eight Days, the Deco&ion of Sarfaparilia, pre- paid like that of China, only allowing a third part more of Sarfaparilla, becaufe 'tis to prepare thicker Humours, in order to purgation •, which fucceeds much better after a fuitable preparation of the Hu- mours: After Purgation, repeat the DecoBiom to dry the Habit of the Body. The fame method of Cure is alfo very efFe&ual for Coach- Horfes troubled with Paivs or filthy Sores in their Legs -, for this extirpates the Caufe, and prevents Relapfes, which other me- thods will not do. Inftead of the Deco&ions, you may exhibit two Ounces of the pouder of the refpe&ive Ingredients, in a quart of White-Wine, tho' indeed- the pouders are not altogether fo good, as the De- co.ftions •, efpecially that of China for lean, dry, and cholerick Horfes. Saffkfi-ai in pouder, is no defpica-* ble Medicine. CHAP. XXX. Of the Ebullition of the Blood, or Blood-Ran* ning Itch. LOng reft, and want of exercife, hindring the diffipation of fuperfluous Humours, do ufu- ally occalion a redundancy of Blood, upon which its fubtiler part penetrating the fubftance of the Flefii, caufes external Tumors, oftentimes miftakea for the Farcin •, tho' the fuddennefs of their appear- ance, and their eafy Cure, together with their foft- Jiefs and loofenefs, are plain diftinguifhing marks- G g 4. Thi? 3^8 The Contpleat Horfeman : or, I This Diftemper is eafily cur'd by bleeding plen- tifully once or twice in the Neck-Feins. If unfea- fonable Bleeding occafions a Fever, by repelling the Humour, you muft immediately inject a Clyfter ; and an Hour after give an Ounce or two of Venice Treacle or Diatejfaron in Wine ^ which will drive out the Hu- mour, and at lafl cure the Horfe. Sometimes the exceffive Heat and Boiling of the Blood, occafions its forming it felf into little Knots or Bunches, in ftveral Parts of the Body j which is effectually cured by giving every Day an Ounce and half of Liver of Antimony ; or three or four Do- fes of Cinnabar Pills ; tor fuch Medicines cool and purifie the Blood. Sal Prunella given in the Horfe's Bran, will prevent this Diftemper, by expel- ling the bilious Scrofities, and that perhaps by Urine. A l ■ ' CHAP. XXXL Of the Molten Greafe, THE Molten Greafe is a Diftemper, to which fat Horfes are molt fubjedt •, for their tough flimy Homonrs (miftaken for melted Fat) are by Vertue of an Agitation and a provident ftruggle of Nature, thrown into the Guts, in order to Evacua- tion * and this Cafe is beft known, by putting one's Hand into the Horfe's Fundament ; for if the Greafe is Molten, a whitifti Film will cover the Excre- ments thus drawn forth. Upon the lead Sufpicion of the Molten Greafe, put into the Horfe's Fundament your Hand and Arm, anointed with/™/]* Butter \ and draw forth Slot only the Dujig, but ajl the flimy Humours. After Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. - 329 After you have rak'd him carefully, let him blood in the Neck *, and half an Hour after injeft a Cly- fter of two Ounces of Beneditlum Laxativum, one Ounce of Sal Gemm*, (or Sal Polychreft, or the ScorU of Liver of Antimony,) and a quarter of a Pound of Honey of Violets •, all diflblv'd in two Quarts of the common DecoElion ', adding Emetick Wine, and the Vrine of a found Man, of each a Vint. Then walk him gently, for half an Hour, to make the Clyfler work. After that, give him about half a Tint of the Juice of Houfleek, mix'd with a Vint of White -wine, walking him gently for the fpace of an Hour ; for that Juice both cools, cleanfes, and heals: After- wards repeat the Clyfter, and endeavour by all means to retrieve his Appetite. I have often adminiftred the following Clyfter, with very good Succefs. After you have rak'd your Horfe, and allow'd him fome time to reft, cut the Neck of a young Sheep or great Lamb in the Stable, receive the 'Blood into a hot pipe, and in- ject it warm by way of Clyftcr -, to be repeated every twelve Hours, inftead of all other Clyfiers -7 for it moiftens and tempers the Guts, and is fel- dom or never thrown out till the ufual time of dunging, when it appears clotted among the Ex- crements. When the Difeafe is of longer Handing, bleed your Horfe, and half an Hour after, give him two finking Pills in a Pint of Wine, or of Beer, if it be in Summer; an Hour after repeat the fame Dofe ; and after a like Interval, repeat it again. Half an Hour after the laft Dofe, injecl: the fol- lowing Clyftcr : Boil two Ounces of the ScorU of Li- ver of Antimony, reduced to fine Powder, in five Pints of Beer or Whey ; after two or three brisk Waums, remove the Vcffd from the Fire, and addsng a quarter of a Pound ?f frefh Putter, inject the Clyfter blood- warm. For wans 33° The Compleat Horfeman : ory want of the Clyfter, you may thruft a piece of Soap into the Fundament. If the Diftemper be extreamly Violent, and the Horfe is very reftlefs and troubled with a vehement Palpitation of the Hearty and if a great deal of Siime is drawn out of the Fundament, give him 3 Clyfter, of Sheep's Blood warm, every two hours : If the violence of the Difeafe rt 111 continues, /twill be convenient to give him three Dopes of the Pills% two or three hours after the laft of the former" Dofes *, without fearing the ill confequences of giv- ing fo large a Dofe \ for the heat of thefe Pills is qualified by the Antimony, and the fix'd Salt, with which they abound. This method will always fucceed, if it be fea- Ibnably begun } but if the firft infults are over- look'd, 'tis a dangerous Cafe. If this Difeafe is. attended by a running of much Matter at the Nofe, 'tis a Sign of Death •, efpecially if the Humours are frothy. If it be caus'd by violent exercife, or over- heating, 'tis a hard matter to cure it. I have ©bferv'd fome Horfes feiz'd with it in the Stable, others after very moderate riding \ and others a- gain, after the violent agitation of the Body, oc- cafion'd by Cholick Pains \ in all which Cafes the Cure is the fame. Since the (linking Pills, mention'd but now, are of excellent ufe for Horfes, not only in this, but in many other Diftempers, 'twill not be improper to. take a view of their Compofition. 'Tis this. The ftinkin* 'take the reddefi and clear eji AfFa-fce- Pitls for Uo\- tida, Bayberries of Provence or Italy, and ten Greafe» Liver of Antimony, of each an equal quan- Foundering, tlty . yeat >em t0 p0uder, and mix yem care- Fevers!* ^ f^f with a P^' m a Ur&e Mortar pour- ing on by degrees^ a fuffcient quantity ofVi- ncgar, Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. 331 negar,to incorporate 'em. Make Pills weighing fourteen drams each, to be dried on the bottom of a hair- Sieve, and kept as long as you will. In the an- cient Competition, the Liver of Antimony was left out. But I chofe to add it, becaufe it ren- ders the Pills more agreeable to the Stomach, and more proper and fafe in Fevers •, and by promoting the infenfible Tranfpiration, quickens the flow operation of the Ajpt-fetida. This method of mix- ing all the pouders together, is much preferable to the former way of diflblving the Ajfa-fcetidx in Vinegar, and evaporating the Solution to the thicknefs of Honey, and then adding the pouders ^ for by this means the Volatile Salt of the AJfa-fatida is retain'd, which in the other way would evapo- rate with the fleams of the Vinegar \ and the un- fupportable flench and (harp fmell that ufually caufes violent Head-aches, is corrected. . Some would perfuade us, that the Volatile Salt of the A]fa-fcetida, is lodg'd in an Oily vifcous Subflance, tincapable of evaporating with the Vinegar *, but I am not of their Opinion. Indeed, if thereddifh pure Ajfa-foetida, without any mixture of Earth of Wood, cannot be had ; 'twill then be not only allowable, but neceffary to diflblve the impure Gum in Vinegar, and evaporate the ftrain'd Solu- tion to the thicknefs of Honey, and make Pills of that with the other pouders ; becaufe thole Impurities would weaken their Vertues. Buc at the fame time they are certainly inferiour to thofe prepar'd the other way. Ajfa-fcetida, the chief Ingredient of thefe Pills, is a Gum that grows in the Indies on a Bufh, with fmall leaves refembling Rue ; and that in flony and dry places, It appears about the end of Summer, and is ga- £her'd in Autumn. Notwithstanding its ftencb, the Indians \]& it in their Sawces, and anoint their PotSj 33- The Compleat Horfeman : ory Pots and drinking VefTels with it. The teft Affa- fitida grows in the Province of Vtrad, in the In- dies • for that which comes from Perfia grows on a Plant, with Leaves like thofe of a Fig-tree, and is much inferior to the other. Thefe Pills are fo univerfally ufeful, and withal fo cheap and portable, that no body mould be with- out them. In the Molting of the Greafe and Foun- dering, they are of fingufar ufe, if they be given as I directed above \ only if the Horfe be foun- der'd, as foon as you let him Blood, you mud pick his Feet, and pour Oil of Bay into his Fore-feet, flop- ping them with Flax, and laying hot Embers upon the Flax, with Splents over all \ and renew the fame Application thrice, once every fix or four Hours; and twenty four Hours after fuffer him to lie down. The Horfe muft neither eat nor drink for four Hours after the laft of the three Dofes-, nay, 'twould fee convenient to keep him twenty four Hours from drinking, and two or three Days from Hay or Oats, Three Dofes of thefe Pills, exhibited according to the above- mention'd Method, may perhaps cure that fatal kind of Cholick, called the Red Gripes •, being fol- lowed by a Clyfter of warm Sheep's or Calfs Blood. In Fevers they are very proper, the Horfe being carefully cover'd up after the firft Dofe\ adding another Dofe next Morning, together with frequent Clyflers } for tho' the beating of his Flanks increafes at firlk it will abate quickly after. CHAP. Part It FerfeB farrier. 333 CHAP. XXXIL Of Worms, BotSy or TrunchionSy bred in the Body of a Horfe. WOrms are the Produft of crude undigefied Humours. The Remedies prefcrib'd againfc Worm Cholich are proper on this occafion. To which we may add the following Powder. Take the Seeds of Cor Under , Lettuce , A Powder for Rape s, and Colewort, of each two Ounces *, Worms. Zedoary, an Ounce \ Shavings of Harts- horn, four Ounces : Make a Powder. Dofe, two Ounces a Day with Oats or Bran moiften'd with Wim^ for twelve Days together \ after which, give your Horfe a proper Purge ; for Purgation is always necefTary in this cafe. The following Remedy is alfo very A Sud miU proper for killing Worms. Take an Ounce cine$or ivoms of the Filings of Steel, mix'd, with moi- jlen'd Bran ', give it to your Horfe daily, till he has eaten a whole Found, and then purge him. This Steel Courfe is very proper for Horfes return'd from the Camp, or from a long Journey •, for Worms are often-times the hidden Cuufe of their not thriving. Befides, Steel is an excellent Medicine againft all Obftrudtions whatfoever. The Powder of Earth-worms dry'd in an Oven, in an Earthen- Pot, cover'd, after they have vomited up ail their Filth by lying fix Hours in clean Wa- tery giving every Morning from one to two Ounces in a Quart of good Wine for feven or eight Days, is an cffe&ual Remedy againft Worms. GHAP. 334 The Compkat Horfeman : orj CHAR XXXIII. • Of Swaying of the Back, and Falls. IF the Ligaments of the Bones of the Back ate ftretch'd by a fall, the Back is laid to be fwafd : and if a Vein be broken within the Body, theextra- vafated Blood curdles, and putrifies, and produces very dangerous Diftempers. Mules are more fubjeft to the fwaying of the Back, than Horfes^ becaufe the Ridge of their Back being higher, is not fo firmly fupported by their Ribs. For the Cure, take two pounds of Blood from the Neck Feins immediately ; and having chaFd his Back with your hand, till it grow warm, apply two large fcarifying Cupping- G I affes, one on each fide, where he complains mod: of pain, or where the extravafated Blood is lodg'd. Then put your Horfe into a frame, and hang him up •, or elfe en. clofe him with Grates, fo that he cannot move his Body, and let him remain in that pofture five or fix Weeks. Then rub upon his Back, equal quan~ tities of Spirit of Wine, and Oil of Turpentine , fhaken together in a Vial till they grow white as Milk ; after which, apply the red Honey Charge hot, ad- ding half an Ounce of Galls, at every Application } and applying a frefh charge every time, without taking away the former. This application will occafion a Swelling of the Back -n which may af- terwards be retnov'd by the Baths and Fomenta- tions prefcrib'd againlt Swellings. In want of the Honey-Charge, you may apply the Ointment of Montpe- Her for two or three days ^ and then proceed to the Fomentations. If your Horfe voids Blood ft 111 at the Mouth Part II. FerfeSi Farrier. 335 Mouth or Nofe, give him every day Sal Tolychrefi^ and Jumper-berries beaten, of each an Ounce, in a pint of red Wine, for eight Days together : And for the firft four days inject every Day an Anodyne Clyfler^ after you have rak'd his Fundament. If thefe Remedies prove fuccefslefs, as it often happens in very great Strains, make two or three Incifions with a large Iron flice, and feparate the Skin from the Flefh on the Reins, (or that part of the Back that lies behind a little Saddle) about the breadth of half a Foot, on each fide of the Back- bone, till you come to the Hip-bone. Then flop the holes with flices of Hog's lard, of the thicknefs of half a Crown, and two or three Fingers breadth long and broad, to hinder the Skin from growing to the Flefh. Rub the feparate Skin with an Oint- ment made of equal farts of Populeum, and this Ointment of Marjlimaliows •, covering the whole part with a Lamb's Skin, the woolly fide inward ; and laying a Saddle-cloth over all. Then hang up your Horfe, or fix him in fuch a pofture, that he may not be able to ftir ; and give him a Clyfter every Night of Sal PolychreFt -, and every Day a Potion of an Ounce of AJfa-fostida in pouder, mixt with a pint of Wine, for eight Days together. After forty-eight Hours uncover the fore Place, and you will find it very much fwollen •, as it mult be, in order to the Cure. Take out the Lard, and prefs out the reddifh Matter in the Sore. Then put in frefh Pieces of Lard, and chafe the whole Part with the above-mentioned Ointment ; after that, cover it up as before, and drefs it after the fame manner, once in forty-eight hours, for the fpace of twelve Days. After which, omit the Lard, and drefs it with the Duke's Ointment, keeping it cover'd and drefling it every Day, till the Skin be reunited to the Flefh, and the Sores heal'd. Twenty two 33^ The Compleat Horfeman : or, two Days after the beginning of the Cure, you may take away the Lamb's Skin \ and ten Days after that fuffer the Horfe to ftir, walking him a little, and fo accuftoming him to Travel by de- grees. Inftead of feparating the Skin, you may give the Fire (which is an eafier, and no lefs effectual Remedy) piercing the Skin with a red-hot Iron, and making Holes all over the fame Part, at the Diftanceof an Inch from each other. Then apply a good Plaiflcr, and over that, two Sheets of Paper ; after which, hang up your Horfe for a Month ; and when the Scabs are fallen, drefs the Sores with the Duke's Ointment , and proceed as before. CHAP. XXXIV. Of the Swelling of the Cods or Stones \ md of bruised or hard Stones. THE Swelling of the Cods or Stones, may pro- ceed from a ferous Humour that defcends along the Produ&ion of the Peritoneum •, or from a Defluxion, occafion'd by the Stroke of another Horfe \ or from a Rupture or Downfal of the Guts^ occafion'd by a Strain. If it be only a flight Inflammation^ of the Mm- riding the Horfe int0 the cold Water, rnauonoitbe willr-peUti But if the Inflammation be violent, you mull apply the fol- lowing Pultis: lake yellow Wax, frejh Butter, and Oil Olive, of each half a Pound •, ftrong Vinegar, half a Pint ; boil them together till the Vinegar be almost Part II. TcrfeB Farrier. 337 almosl confumed. Then remove the Vejfel from the Fire \ and adding an Ounce of Camphyr, make a Pul- tis, to be applied to the fwollen Cods, and renew'd after four Hours, without taking away the former, or covering the Part. This will remove the Heat and Pain *, and the Swelling too, if it be a fimple Inflammation. But if the Swelling continues ftill, and the Stones hang low, after the Heat and Pain are gone ; 'tis a fign of an Hydrocele, i. e. that by a Relaxation of the Peritoneum, the Cods are fill'd with Water ; which, if retain'd, may corrupt the Stones, and occafion a fatal Gangrene. In which cafe, after the Application of the former Pultisj you muft make a fort of Gruel of 0c n Hm Barley-meal and Vinegar , and when frocele. ^' 'tis almolr. boil'd, add half the quantity of Chalk, with zjufficient quantity of Oil of Rofes and Quinces, and two Pugils of Salt -, and apply it as hot as you can touch it with your Hand, binding it on very carefully. Or, inftead of that, boil 1 fufficient quantity of Beans in the Lees of Wine, till they grow foft; then beat them to a Mafi ; to two Pounds of which, add pjgj half an Ounce of Caftor in fine Powder, and few all up in a Bag, large enough to cover the Stones, to be bound on as hot as it can be fuffer'd, the Cods being firft anointed with the Ointment ox Oil of Rofes. Twenty four Hours after anoint again, and heat the Bag in the fame Lees of Wine in which the Beans were boiled •, continuing to re- new the Application after the fame manner, till the Swelling be abated. If all proves ineffectual, and the Stones hang very low, and feel as if they contain'd a great deal of Water, you mud geld your Horfe at the Full-Moon ; and, if the Stones were not ulcerated, the Wound may be eafily healed. H h When 338 The CompleatHorJeman : or. When by a relaxation of the /m- Rupture^ ' ^ww> the Guts fal1 into the Cods, p ' you muft endeavour to put up the fallen Gut with your hands -, or if you cannot do it otherwife, call the Horfe on his Back on foft ground, and bind his two Legs on each fide toge- ther -, and having bath'd the Stones with lukewarm Water, put up the Guts with your Hand. Then apply the following Bag. Take the Roots of Comfrcy, the Bark of the Tomegra- nate and Oak Trees , Cyprus- Nuts, green Oak- Apples, Sumach and Barberries, of each four ounces \ Annis and Fennel- feed, of each two ounces *, Flowers of Pomegra- nates, Chamomil, and Melilot, of each two handfuls ', pouder of crude Allum, half a pound. Tut them all to- gether into a Bag, large enough to cover the Stones, and few it after the manner of a Quilt. Then boil this Bag for two hours in a large Pot full of Sloe Wine -, or, for want of that, of thick red Wine ; after which, apply it moderately hot to the Stones, tying it on dexteroufly with a Bandage palling round the Flanks, and ty'd on the Rump •, heatiug the Quilt in the fame Wine, every twenty four hours; and continuing the ufe of it for a confiderable time. Afterwards the Cods may be fomented with Aftrin^ gent Baths. I have feen fome TrufTes for Horfes, fo dex- teroufly made, that they could leap very well with them. But the fureft Remedy is to geld the Horfe, after the Guts are put up •, for fo the Cods fhrink up, and the Guts fall no more down into them. Sometimes the Stone grows dry and of bmia or h d b fon of Contuflon when hxri Stones. "»»'**? j^j •.■*•»* ' i a Horfe entangles himfelt among the Bars that are ftt up to feparate him from other Horfes : and fometimes a Defluxion falls upon the Liga- Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. ^p Ligaments by which the Stone hangs, which is more dangerous. If the hardnefs and contufion be not very flub- born, it may be ciir'd, by applying the following Poultis, Take Honey and fiejh Butter melted, of each half a pound, juice of green Coleworts a pound, leaves of Rue, without the Stalks, a Urge handful, black Soap a quarter of a pound, Bean- flower a pound : Stamp the Rue in a Marble Mortar, then add the Honey, and afterwards the Juice of Coleworts, Butter^ and black Soap. Mix them well without heat, and, with the Bean-flower make a Poultis to be applied cold with a Hog's Bladder, and kept on with a Bandage ty'd about the Horfe's Back, renewing the Application every day. If the Swelling be accompanied with a great Inflammation, add to the whole Compofitionr two drams of Camphyr, diflblv'd in three Spoonfuls of Spirit of Wine. But if the Tumour be feated in the Ligaments above the Stone, you mud chafe the Part with Spirit of Wine camphorated, before you ap- ply the Cataplafm. If there is Matter generated in the Stone, apply to the Part where the Matter feems to be feated, Emplafirum Divinum, fpread on very foft Leather ; then apply the Poultis -, and, if there be any Mat- ter, the Plaifter will draw it. The Plaifter muft be taken off once a Day, but needs not be chang'd. You mud let the Horfe blood in the beginning and end of the Cure, and give him two Ounces of Sal Prunelh every Day mix'd with Bran, which mult be his only Food. If the Matter appears fo high above the Stones, that it cannot be conveniently evacuated, you mult open a Paflage with a red-hct Iron at the bottom of the CW, without touching the Stone. H-h * Then 34° T*be Compleat Horfeman : of. Then anoint the Cod with Bafilicum^ and lay over it Beet-leaves fmear'd with Butter j putting into the Hole a Tent anointed with Emplafirum Divimtm melted in Oil of Rofes \ which indeed is an excellent Remedy, in all cafes, where a Sore is requir'd to be kept open. This Method, regularly purfued, will certainly cure the Horfe without Gelding •, which is to no parpole, when the Majady is feated in the Ligaments $ and is always dangerous, till the pain be afiwag'd and the defluxion ftopt. CHAP. XXXV. Of the Laskr Loofenefey or Flux of the Belly* THE Lask or Flux, which is frequently fatal to Horfes, is occafioned by fnch a Weaknefs of the Stomach, that the Food pailes through the Guts almoft without any Alteration, (which is a very dangerous cafe j) or by the corruption of Humours either gat her 'd in the Stomach, or thrown upon it from other Parts. The External Caufes are, eating too much Provender, feeding upon mouldy or rotten Hay, frozen Grafs, Rye-ftraw, and other unwholfomeNourifhment-, drinking very cold Wa- ter, immoderate Fatigue, exceffive Fatnefs, drink- ing immediately after the eating of a great quantity of Oats •, and fometimes want of Exercife. If the Excrements voided boil and ferment upon the Ground, the Diftemper proceeds from over-heated Choler, and is rarely dangerous, nay fometimes profitable. If the Excrements are white, 'tis a fign of Part II. Per fe& Farrier. 341 of crude cold Humours *, if they be W3try, they denote a great Weaknefs of the Stomach. Loofeneffes occafioned by drinking cold Water in Summer, or melted Snow, or eating tender Grafs, or other loofening Things, are not to be regarded : But thofe which come without a manifeft External Caufe, ought never to be negle&ed. As for the Cure : If the Excrements are rnix'd with fmall Pieces or Scrapings of the Guts •, you mull immediately endeavour to prevent a fatal Ulcer in thofe Parts, by giving two or three times a Day a Pint of a cooling [of tning Decotlion; viz. Of two Ounces of Barley, the like Ouantity of the Roots of Adarfh-mallows, and an Ounce of the Powder of Sal Prunelk, boil'd in three Quarts of Water to a Ouart* If the Diftemper iscaufed by Flegm, you muffliave recourfe to Cordial Powders, or Pills, and other hot Remedies, capable to ftrengthen the Stomach and relaxated Parts. Sometimes a Loofenefs is a feafonable Effort of Nature, to free it felf of a troublefome Load of Humours : But if it continues above three Days, with the Lofs of Appetite, it muft be feafonably check'd •, for fometimes Horfes are foundered by its long Continuance. In this cafe, the Horfe's Food may be Bran moi- ften'd with Claret, or Parley parch'd on a Peel, and then grownd, and the belt Hay. But Oats are alto- gether improper. As for Remedies, you may begin with a fc owing Clyfter, viz. Take Wheat- Br an well fifted, and . ~ whole Barley, of each two Handfuls ', civfter. Red Rofes, a Handful ; true Opium fiiced fmall, half a Dram ; boil them in Whey or Steefd Water for the fpace of a Ouarter of an How ', then add the Leaves of wild Succo- rjj Agrimony, Beets, white Mullein, and Mer* HI) J curyi 54^ The Compleat Horfeman : or. Mercury, of each a handful ; in two quarts of the firaind Decottion diffolve the Tolks of fix Eggs, Honey of Rofes and brown Sugar, of each four ounces : Mix and make a Clyfter. After the Operation of the Clyfter, give him two ounces of Liver of Antimony, or half an ounce of the Golden Sulphur of Antimony, in moilten'd Bran: Perfifbing in this Method for a confiderable time, for thefe Medicines corroborate the Guts, and allay the Fermentation of the Hu- mours. This done, you may injeft an aftringent Clyfter. For inftance, . Take Knot-grafs (or Shepherd's Purfe) C\ 'fter* an^ w^te Mullein, of each a handful, Plant ane- leaves two handfuls, wild Pome- granate-flowers half a handful, the feeds of Myrtle, Let- tuce, and Plantane, of each two ounces • beat the feeds, find boll them in three quarts of Beer or Barley-water, with half a dram of good Opium cut into thin flices, then tut in the Herbs, and afterwards a handful of dryd Rofes. Add to the ftralning, half a pound of Honey of Rofes, and four ounces of Sngar of Rofes. Make a Clyfter. If the Flux be not ftopp'd by the A Vduon for ^ Qp ^ jntimony^ y0U may con, tinue to repeat the Clyfters ; and at the fame time, give the following Potion. Take eight large or ten fmatl Nutmegs, put them upon a point of a Knife, and hold them over a Candle till they be burnt to a red Coal, then caft them Into a quart of Cla- ret, breaking them with your Fingers ; and after they have flood in infuflon all Night, ft rain out the Wine in the Morning, and make your Horfe drink it blood- warm -, keeping him bridled two hours before and after. This is an excellent Remedy for Men, a$ well as HorfeSo Foi Part II. PerfeSt Farrier. 34^ For a Super purgation In a Horfe: Take of PUntane- leaves in Summer, or the for a sJJ*]^ feeds in Winter, a [uffcient quantity: purgation. Boil them in three quarts of Beer^ and add to the ftraining, Catholicum, two ounces, Rhubarb and feafd Earth, of each four ounces : Make a Clyfter^ to be repeated twice or thrice. In the mean time, exhibit a Potion of two quarts of MUky in which you have quench'd Steel five or fix times, mix'd with two ounces of the ft ones of roafted Grapes, and an ounce and a half of the fbavings of Ivory, calcined, and beaten to a very fine pouder. CHAP. XXXVI. Of the Falling of the Fundament. THE Falling-out of the Fundament is occa- fjon'd by a violent Flux, or the Piles, oblig- ing the Horfe to (train violently •, or (as it often happens) by cutting off the Tail ; in which cafe, if it is accompany'd with a great Swelling, 'tis al- nioft always a fatal fign of a Gangrene fpreading to- wards the Back : And if it does not quickly yield to the ordinary Remedies, the Horfe may be given over for loft. This Malady ought never to be neglecled \ for it may be attended with dangerous Confequences ; And therefore you muft anoint the place with Oif of Rofes bloodwarm, and afterwards endeavour to put it up. After two or three fuccefslefs Attempts^ you muft have recourfe to what follows. Beat fix drams of the Salt of Lead in a Mortar^ pouring on it, by degrees, a fufficient quantity of Goafs H h 4 Mil&i 344 The Compleat Horseman: or, Milk, (or for want of that, of Cows Milk,) till they af- fume the confflency of a liquid Ointment. Anoint the Fart with this Ointment, and put into the Funda- ment a Tent dipt in the fame, repeating the Appli- cation from time to time. Or, lake Powder of burnt Oyfter-fiiells, two Ounces; the green middle Bark of an Jifh-tree beaten, four Ounces \* (or, for want of that, two Ounces of the dry Bark ) good Honey, a quarter of a Pound • and half a Pound of the leavened Dough of a Rye -loaf ready to be put into the Oven. Make a Pultis without Heat, to be 3pply'd cold to the Fundament, renewing the Application every twelve Hours. If thefe Applications are not attended with fiic- refs -, as foon as the Inflammation and great Heat are remov'd, you mull cut off the Part of the Fun- dament that hangs out with a fharp Knife, heated red-hot, to prevent a Flux of Blood. If the Fundament fhrinks into its Place when the Horferefts, and falls out again when he trots, 'tis a fign of a Fijhla : In which cafe, the beft and moll fuccefsful way, is to tie a Piece of ftrong Pack- thread about it, and cut it quite off with a red-hot Knife ; anointing the Wound afterwards every day with Album Rhafis, and then rubbing the Flefh with SiccativitmRubrum. CHAP. Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. 345 CHAP. XXXVII. Of Warts, Chops, Pains, Ratt-tails, Mules, and other foul and Watery Sores in a Horfe's Legs ; and of fwollen and gouty Legs, occafiorfd by fuch Sores : Together with a Defer ipt ion of the Comf option and Vertues of the white Honey- Charge. ON E of the befl: Secrets in the World wms. for Warts in Horfes Limbs, and like- wife for the Knots of the Farcin, is the follow- ing Recipe. Put three Ounces of Powder of Coffer as into a Cru- cible, with an Ounce of Arfenick in Powder. Place the Crucible in a Charcoal-fin ?, ft ir ring the Matter from time to time 1 but carefully avoiding the Steams. Continue a pretty fmart degree of Heat, till the whole Matter be fomewhat reddijh \ then take the Crucible off the Fire, and, after 'tis coofd, break it, and beat the Matter to a very fine Powder. Incorporate four Ounces of this Powder with five Ounces of Album Rhafis ; and make an Oint- ment to be applied cold to the Warts, anointing them Sightly every Day, and they will fall off like Kernels of Nuts, without caufing any Swelling in the Legs. But you muft take care to anoint only the Warts, and neither to work nor ride the Horfe during the Application of the Ointment. When the Warts are fallen off, which will happen in a Month's time, drefs the Sores with the Counteffs Ointment, and in a Month more the Cure will be compleated ; for the Sores are ufually very deep when the Warts are large. Some. 346 The Compleat Horfeman : ory Sometimes a fharp malignant Hu- Chops.ACU °r mour frettinS the Skin> occafions Clefts and Chops on the Bough of the Pa* fterns % which are accompanied with Pain and a very noifome Stench. In this cafe, fhave away the Hair from the fore Place, in order to keep it clean, and apply the white Honey Charge or the Coachman i Ointment, which will quickly heal the Chops, if you renew the Application from time to time. If foul Flefh retards the Cure, touch it with Spirit of Vitriol two hours before the Application of the Charge. The Oil of Hempfeed, or that of Linfeed fhak'd in a Vial with an equal quantity of Brandy, is alfo very proper to qualifie the fharp Humours, and to heal and dry up the Chop. If thefe Remedies do not operate effectually, apply one of the drying Ointments. When a Horfe is fubjeft to thefe Clefts, I take it to be the belt way, to keep the Paftems continually (hav'd, and to cut the Hair off thofe places as often as the Mane, taking care not to cut the Fetlock. Sometimes a (linking fretting Mat- ef the Pains ter iffues out of the Pores, and deadens gni watery the gkjn Qf t^e paftern and Fetlock- Sores in the Jg.^ an(j even of the whok Leg . and fometimes is fo corrofive, that it loofens the Hoof from the Coronet at the Heel, appearing on the Skin with a white colour. This is always ufher'd ia by a fwelling, and accompanied with pain; and at laft aflumes fuch a venomous quality, that 'tis fucceeded by Warts and Clefts. It appears ufually firft at the fide of the Patterns, and afterwards afcends to the middle of the Leg, peeling off fome part of the Hair. If it continues any time, the whole Part is over-run with Warts, Clefts, and Nodes, which make the Cure very Part II. PerfeSl Farrier. 347 difficult. As for the Cure : Take away two pounds of Blood as foon as you perceive it •, then give him every Morning, for eight Days together, the Decoction of Guaiacum or Box-wood, and afterwards purge him, obferving the fame, Method as was pre- fcrib'd for an inveterate Farcin. This Method will remove and prevent all Sorts of Infirmities in the Legs of Coach-Horfes. In the mean time you muft immediately fhave aw3y the Hair, and if the Leg be not gourded, rub the fore Places very hard with a Wifp, and then apply the follow- ing Ointment* Take a found of black Soap, an ordina- ryglafs-ful of Spirit of Wine, two ounces m£nt £*' of common Salt beaten fmall, three ounces Up watry of burnt Allum, with a fufjicient quantity Sores. of Meal, make an Ointment, to be ap- plied to the place without any bandage or cover. The next day warn the Part very clean with a new- made Lye, and fo renew the Application of the Ointment from time to time. Take two pounds of common Honey, put them in a new-glazed pot, over a very The Oint- fmall Fire ; as foon as it begins to boil, 1?ei}t °£ °*~ remove it from the Fire, and incorporate t^e f^me with it Verdigreafe in fine Pouder, and life. white Vitriol grofly beaten, of each four ounces : Then fet the Pot again on a fmall Fire, ftirring the Matter, and add two ounces of Galls, in very fine pouder. Take it off again from the Fire, And after ftir- ring it for fome time, add an ounce of Sublimate, beaten very fmall, ftirring all together till they be cold: And then you may make it ftronger, by adding four Ounces of j4qua-Fortis. This Ointment may be kept a long time. Anoint the Sore (lightly with it every day. For Warts indeed you need not be fo cautious. If the Legs 34? The Cowpleat Horfewan : or. Legs are not gourdy, this will certainly do. But if the Legs are fwollen and gourdy, you mull: take what follows. AW t r f r ^a^e w^lte yitriol an^ Allum, of each Pains and * Pound and a half, boil 'em in a clean Wans infwl- giaz'd Earthen Pot, with five Pints of Jen ani gour- Water, to the Confumption of one half 4>LW* Cut off the Hair, and make the Sore very clean, a id bathe it every Evening with this Water ; which is the beft Medicine 1 ever ufed. e Potf^er °f Lin feed) in two gallons Philter. °f Whey, which I take to be better than Beer. When the Roots begin to grow foft and cleave under your Finger, add leaves of Mallows and Marjh-ma/lows, without the Stalh, of each ten handful*. Boil till all be redue'd to a Mafi, pouring in Whey from time to time, to make up the waft. Then ftrain the Majl) through a Haif- iieve turn'd upfide down •, and boil the (training for fome time with Tallow and Butter, of each a pound, flaring all the while. Then remove the VefTel from the Fire, and as foo'n as you perceive that the boiling is perfectly ceas'd, incorporate the In- gredients with Honey and common Turpentine, of each a pound. If it be not thick enough, thicken it with Wheat-flower \ but the better way is to boil the Majh at firft tofuch a Confiftency, as mall not need any Flower to thicken it. It muft be kept well co- ver'd •, and tho' it appears mouldy, it may be very good nearer the bottom. If the moifture was well evaporated in the boiling, 'twill keep two Months in a dry Place. If it be too thick, you may add a little Beer, when you ufe it. 'Tis applied cold with Flax, to the fore Place fliav'd, after the man- ner of a Poultis, renewing the Application once a day, till the Sores be dry'd up -, taking care to wipe off the Matter from time to time, and to keep the Hair Part II. PerfeSi Farrier. g 5 x Hair very ftiort, for it grows very faft, during the Ufe of this Remedy. It ought to be bound oa with broad Lifts of Cloth, after the manner of an Expulfive Bandage. Inftead of this Charge , Farriers are wont to apply the white Plaifter, which does a little temper the ftiarp Humours, but does not af- fwage the Swelling. 'Tis prepar'd thus. Boil half a found of Honey, with a Litron of fine Wheat-flower^ and a pint of Milk, ftirring 'em gently over a little Fire, till they begin to incorporate and grow thick. Then adding four ounces of common 'turpentine, and two ounces of Oil Olive, continue boiling and ftirring for fome time, and apply it as you do the Honey- Charge. This is a cheap Remedy, and not altoge- ther ineffectual, when the Sores are final], and not inveterate. Sometimes after a long Application of the Honey- Charge % the Humours being condenfated upon the Flefh, and the moifture dry'd up, make the Legs fwollen and hard. In which cafe, Take half a pound of Ouiclfilver, and four oun- ointmZTtf ces of the pouder of Brimftone .- Incorpo- diffolve Svcel- rate them in a Mortar with the Peftle, lings in the till the Ouickfilver be kilYd. Then ad- LeZs* ding a pound of Tallow, mix and make an Ointment. Shave off the Hair very clofe, and afterwards rub the Part with a Surfingle till it grows hot, without making it raw ; then apply this Ointment, holding a red-hot Iron-bar near the part, to make it pene- trate the deeper. Wrap it about with a Hog's Blad- der, and lay a cover over that, binding on the dref- fing with a piece of Lift, not Cords which leave an impreflion. Renew the Application as before, every 48 hours, omitting the rubbing with the Surfingle. This Ointment never fails to cure inveterate hard Swellings, unlefs they follow a Farcin, or the Horfe be old j in which cafe the Cure is abfolutely impof- fible. CHAP. 3 ^ 2 The Compleat Horfeman : ory CHAP. XXXVIIL Of Halter Caft. Sometimes Horfes endeavouring to fcrub their Head, Neck, or any other itching Part with their hinder Feet, intangle their Foot in the Hal- ter •, and by flruggling violently to difengage them- felves, occafion very dangerous Hurts in the hollow of the Pattern. In this cafe, clip away the Hair, and anoint the Part Morning and Evening with equal Quantities of Lin feed Oil and Brandy, well mix'd by (baking in a Glafs \ taking care in the mean time to keep the Foot very clean. I once cufd a Horfe that had cut the Infide of his Pattern to the Bone, upon the two Chains, with which he was ty'd ; by clipping off the Hair, applying once a Day the white Honey Charge bound up with a Cover, and anointing the Leg with the Duke's Ointment \ and applying at the fame time to the Coronet, which was fwollen and infkm'd,an Aftringentoi the Powder of unjlack'd Lime, mix'd with the fecond Water; fori was afraid he fhould hove call his Hoof. During the Cure, there fell off Efcars; and all the Farriers doom'd him to irrecoverable Lamenefs #, but in a Month's time he wascur'd, and did not halt above iix Weeks. 'Tis true, many Horfes do not efcape fowell : However this may ferveforan Inftanceof the Efficacy of the white Honey Charge. If the Hurts be final), without a Swelling ; black Soap with Spirit of Wine, or the Oil remaining after the Evaporation of Wine, mix'd with Oil in an equal Quantity \ or the Duke's Ointment, will quickly heal them. The End of the Stcond Fart. 3$3 A N APPENDIX, CONTAINING A Deicription of fome Difeafts, and the Receipts of fome noted Medicines omitted by Monfieur SoBeyfel. Extra&ed from the beft Authors oil that Subjeft. Of the Anticor, HE Anticor is a dangerous Sicknefs^ ^ri- ling from Redundancy or Inflammation of the Blood, occafioned either by high Feeding, without Exercife ; or by hard Riding, In this Difeafe the corrupt and inflam'd Blood rendevouzing about the Heart, gathers in- to a vifible Swelling in the middle of the Breaflr^ Jiift oppolite to the Heart, from whence the word Antkor is deriv'd. Before this Swelling appears, thd Horfe groans when laid down, and hanging dowia 354 A

I X. his Head refufes to eat. If this Swelling afcends to the Throat 'tis prefent Death. To prevent this Diftemper the Horfe ought to be bled before he is turn'd to Grafs, or put to feed in the Stable, and likewife two or three Months after *, efpecially if his Blood be black and thick, which is a lign of Inflammation and Corruption. As for the Cure : Immediately upon the appearance of the Swelling, draw a large quantity of Blood from the Plate- Veins, or if you cannot find them, from both fides of the Neck, then give him a Drink of Diapente, with Ale, adding an Ounce of brown Sugar-Candy, and half an Ounce of London-Treacle. After that rub the Swelling every Day, till it become foft, with Hogs- greafe, Boar's -greafe, and Bafilicon, incorporated to- gether in equal quantities : Then open it, and wafh the Sore with Copper as -Water, made of two Quarts of Water, half a Pound of green Copperas, an handful of Salt, a ffoonfid of Money, and a branch of Rofemary, all boiPd together, to the confumption of half the Liquor, the quantity of a Walnut of Allom being added before it is taken off the Tire. After you have wafiYd the Sore, apply an Ointment made of Rofin and Wax, of each the quantity of a Walnut, melted together, half a pound of clean Hog's- greafe, a fpoonful of Honey, a pound of Turpentine, and an Ounce of Verdigreafe in fine pouder. Some chufe to ftrike the Swelling in divers places with a Fleam, that the Corruption may ifTue forth ; and then anoint it with Hog' s-greafe made warm. Of A

I X. frf Of Bleymes. ABleyme is an Inflammation between the Sole and the Bone of the Foot towards the HeeL There are three forts of Bleymes : The ftrft being generated in fpoil'd wrinkled Feet with narrow Heels, are ufually feated in the inward or weakeffc Quarter. In this Cafe, pare the Hoof betimes, and let forth the Matter, which is almoft always of a brown colour; then pour in Oil de Merveille, charg- ing the Hoof with a RemoUde of Soot and Turpentines Thefe Bleymes are prevented by keeping the Horfe's Feet clean and moift, and making him ftand five or fix hours every Day in his own Dung, moiflen'd with Water *, and knocking down f^ie Heel when he is (hod, that the Sinew may be extended, and fo prevent the fhrinking of the infide of the Hoof, by which the Bleymes are almoft always occafion'd. The fecond Sort, befides the ufual Symptoms of the Firft, infedts the Griftle, and muft be extirpated, as in the Cure of a Quitter-bone •, giving the Horfe every Day moiftend Bran, with two Ounces of Liver of Antimony, to divert the courfe of the Humours^ and purifie the Blood. The third fort is occafion'd by fmall Stones and Gravel between the Shoe and the Sole. For cure : Pare the Foot, let out the Matter, if there be any, and drefs the Sore like a prick of a Nail. If there is no Matter, take out the bruis'd Sole. ll £ 356 jfTTENVl X. Of Seymes or Falfe -Quarters. A Falfe- Quarter is a Cleft (for the moft part) on the Inlide of the Hoof, accompany'd with a violent Pain, and fometimes Bleeding, and open- ing as the Horfe fets his Foot to the Ground. 1 his Biftemper is only the Efied of a dry and brittle Hoof, and narrow Heels. For aire -, Cut away the old corrupt Hoof, and then take the Whites of nine Eggs, the Powder of lncenfe, tmflacJCd Lime, Mafiick^ Verdigreefe, and Salt, of each three Ounces ; mingle thefe together , then dip in as much Hurds as will cover the Fore. Hoof, lay it on, and all about it lay Swines Gr^fe, an Inch thick or more ', do this alfo below it.' And tie it on fo as that it may not be ftirr'd for a whole Fortnight at leaft: Then ap- ply it frefh again, and the Horfe will require no other Drefling to accomplifh his Cure. If the Horfe ftartsor fhrinks when you lay your Finger on the Falfe- Quarter, 'tis a fign Corruption is gather'd with- in it fin which cafe, open it with a Drawing-knife, let out the Corruption, and lay on a Plaifter of Horfe-dung, Salt, and Vinegar, Others commend the following Method : Draw the Falfe-Ouarter with a Drawing-Iron fo near to the QuickC that a dewy Moifture flows out-, then put a Hoop of Wood, about an Inch broad and very thin, twice about the Coronet, faftning it on both fides with a Piece of Filleting •, the pbce being firft anointed, as well as the Hurds, with the fol- lowing Ointment. Take of the Roots of Maris Tongue, Comfrey, and Mallows, of each half a Pound : Having (lied 'em fmall, boil 'em in two Quarts of Alicant, till the Roots become foft : Then (train 'em through a fine Searcer, and add, of Venke-Tur^ntine, new Wax, ATTEND IX. ?57 Burgundy- Pitch, of each half a Pound \ black Pitchy four Ounces \ of the oldefi Oil-Olive, a Quart ', melt a ad boil all (bating the 'turpentine) till they be well in- corporated •, then take 'em off the Fire, and put in your Turpentine, ftirring it till it be cold. Of the Curb. A Curb is a long Swelling, refembling a Pear,' j\. upon the back part of the Heel of the Knee of the Hinder-Leg, occafioned by carrying great Burthens, or Strains when Horfes are young, which weaken the great Sinew. For cure; apply what- ever is good for a Spavin ; or bind the Hoof ftrait with a broad Incle a little above the Curb ; then rub and beat the Curb with a fmooth Hazel flick •, af- ter that thruft out the Corruption, and put into the Hole two Barley-corns of White Mercury for Twen- ty four Hours. This done, anoint it once a Day with melted Butter. Of a Jardon. AJardon is a callous Tumour upon the Hough, caqfing Lamenefs, and occaiion'd by fuch Exercifes as throw the whole Weight of the Body upon the Hough, efpeciaily by fudden Hops upon Galloping. For the molt, part it is Hereditary. For Cure j apply a Refolvent Plaifter made of Diachy- lum cum Gummisy Cinnabar, Bdellium^ Opopanax\ and Ammoniacum, mix7d with Oil of Spike, Turpentine, and new Wax : And after the Plaifter'has been ufed feveii or eight Days, give the Fire. ii 3 VI 258 J

I X. i6f for a Horfe burnt by a Mare, and for the Colt-Evil. TRis is known by the Mattering of his Yard, For cure •, Take a Pint of White-Wine, in which boil a quarter of a Pound of Roch-Allom, and when it is cool, fquirt it with a Syringe as far in- to his Yard as you can. If he (beds Seed, give him every Morning a Ball of Turpentine and Sugar mix'd together. Some anoint the Yard with a Salve of the Powder of Avensy and Leaves of Betony iilamp'd with White-Wine. To caufe a Horfe to Pifs, for his relief in fome Cholicks. PU T two Ounces of the Syrup of Dialtkaa to a quarter of a Pound of Caftle-Soap, beat them well together, make pretty big Balls, and difTolve one of them in a Pint and a half of ftrong Beer, fcalding hot : When 'tis lukewarm, give it him in a Horn, and let him faft an hour after. For a Horfe that Galls between the Legs, thro* Heat or id Dr effing. TAke a new Egg, crufh it between his Legs, and rub the gall'd places with it, after the Sores arewipd. 368 APTENVIX. To kill Lice. TAke the Juice of Beets and Staves-acre, bea- ten together, and anoint the Body all over with it. Tor a Horfe^s Tard that isfouPd or furred without y jo that he pijfes in his Sheath. T Ake frejh Butter and White wine Vinegar, melt them, then pull out his Yard, t3ke off the Filth, and warn it with the Butter and Vinegar } in- je&ing alio fome into his Yard. Of the Stifflin AHo'rfe is faid to be Stiffled when the Stifling* bone is out of its Place? fo that it flicks more out on the one Side than the other, and the Horfe dares only to touch the Ground with his Toe. For Cure*, fet a Patton-fhoe on his found Foot, and fo turn him to Grafs-, for that will compel him to tread upon his lame Foot, and the ftraining will recal the Stifling-bone to its Place. Or fwimming in a Mill-Pool or pond till he fweats behind the Ears will perfect the Cure-, tho' fmimming is im- proper for any other Strain but this. After the fwimming lead him home cloath'd, and peg the oppofite Foot as long as lie Hands in the Houfe: When he is dry, rub in an Ounce of the Oil of Tur- pentine, ihak'd in a Glafs with as much firong Beer v tho1 this makes it fwelia little for the preient, yet it proves an effectual and fpeedy Cure. SehmitV Schmit'x Ointment, very ejfeffud in rejloring the Hoof, TAke half a Pound of Rofin and a Pound of Oil Olive, melt them in a Copper-Bafon tinn'd ; a Quarter of an Hour after the Removal of the VefTel from the Fire, add Maftick and Olibanum in Powder, of each an Ounce and an half \ ftir the Ingredients to- gether about half a Quarter of an Hour, and then add half a Pound of common Turf em ine, continuing to ftir a little longer to incorporate the whole. At the fame time take half a Pound of Honey, and half a Pint of ftrong Aqua-vita, boil them gently till they begin to fmoak, not forgetting to ftir them 5 then add Vardigreefe and Copperas, in very fine Pow- der, of each three Ounces, ftirring and boiling till all the Subftances be united ; and as foon as the Mix- ture is half cold pour it into the firft Bafon where the Oil is, which ought to be half cold alfo : Mix 'em together, and immediately add two Ounces of burnt Allom in fine Powder, one Ounce of Orpiment% ftirring and mixing 'em with the reft ', and as foon as they are all incorporated, add Flower of Linfeed and Fenugreek, of each three Ounces, ftirring the Mafs till it be almoft cold ; at laft add two Ounces of Aloes in fine Powder, ftirring till it be incorporated with the reft of the Ointment, which will then be com- pleated, and muft be kept in a Pot. Its Colour is not much different from that of asEgyptiacum. This Ointment cleanfes, refills Corruption, heals, and makes a fine Cicatrice ; and this alone may ferve to cleanfe the greateft Wounds, to feparate a Felander, or any other extraneous Body, and draw them out of a Sore^ mix the Ointment with an equal Quantity of Sugar, and apply it with a K k Bolfter 37o A? 9 ENS) IX. Bolfter of Flax. The Tame Application is conve- nient when one of the quarters of the Hoof is cut away. Since the Hoof does not always fall quite away at once, but by degrees, and ufually after confider- able Intervals, you mult apply this Ointment cold to all the fore and raw Parts *, and if the Flefh grow too faft, or appear frothy, burn the highefl: part of It, and then apply the Ointment. This Ointment alfo is very proper for Wounds in the Withers, and in all other Parts of the Body, for it keeps 'em very clean, and prevents a Gangrene. Thofe who carry Trains of Horfes to the Army, or travel with a great number of Horfes, fhould al- ways make provifion of a fufficient quantity of this Ointment. And if Farriers had it in their Shops, they would daily make new Difcoveries of its Vir- tues, and lay afide the ufe of the Vnguentum Afofto- lorum, and all drying Powders. The Application of this Ointment, after the ufe of an aBud or potential Cautery, and after the Scabs are fall'n off, is a pre* fent Remedy for all Quitterbones, where they pro- ceed from outward or inward Caufes. It may be calfd an excellent kind of tsEgyftiacum^ and very effe&ually reftores and ftrengthens the Sole, when the fuperfluous moifture of the Flefh hinders its growth. You may cure watry or running Sores in young Coach-Horfes, by {having off the Hair, and apply, ing this Ointment daily. The fame may be alfo irfed in the Cure of Frich or Stubs *, but there are other Ointments more effectual in that cafe. Mat* Neat-Herds Ointment for ^Mange* TAke burnt Allom and Borax in fine Pouder, of each two Ounces -, white Vitriol and Ferdigreafe beaten to a very' fine Ponder, of each four Ounces: put ?em into a very clean Pot, with two pounds of Honey, and boil 'em over a clear Fire, ftirring all the Subftances together till they be well incorporated. After the Ointment is cold, add two Ounces of ftrong jiqua-fortis, keep it well cover'd for ufe, ftirring it once a Day, during the firft fix Days. One Appli- cation, or two at moil, will perform the Cure * but you muft take care that the Horfe may not be able to reach it with his Teeth. If his Tail be Mangy, you muft firft fcrape the place. Sometimes this Ointment, when it is laid on thickj makes the Skin fall off like Scales, but without any danger, for the Scab may be eafily feparated, by an- ointing it with Tallow \ after which the Horfe is perfectly freed from the Mange, and even tho' the whole Cutkula or Scarf-Skin fall off, it will come a- gain with the Hair, rarely leaving any confiderable Mark.* This Ointment is not only good for the Mangel but alfo for the Pains, running and watry Sores, foul Wounds and Ulcers, Arrefts, Mules, and other fuch like Sores, which it dries up effectually ; but it ought not to be apply'd when the Legs are fwoll'n or gourdy •, for after the drying up of the Sores, the' Legs remain (till fwoll'n and full of Humours, which will certainly break forth in fome other part 5 and therefore the Humour muft be firft evacuated by the white Honey- Charge, or fome other convenient "Remedy, and then dry'd up with this Ointment. The fame Remedy cures the Sores in the Urinary Pillages of Oxen? that proceed from their being Kk 2 naftily 'j72 AFT ENVIX. nattily kept, and heals Wounds in Horfes, but not without great Pain and Smarting. 'Tis a fort of a^gyftiacum, of excellent Ufe for the healing of foul Sores in the Feet, or any other Part of the Horfe's Body. 'Tis ftronger than the Comtefs's Ointment, but does not bind fo effe&ually • and is not inferior to the belt z^gyptiacum, for clean- ling Wounds and Sores, and confuming corrupt Fleffi. The Countefs's Ointment, to heal and clofe up the Sores occasioned, by Imfofihumes in the hairy Fart of the foot. TAke half a EJint of Jqua-viu, and a Pound of Honey, boil 'em over a very fmall Fire, in a clean glaz'd Pot, ftirring 'em with a Slice till the Honey be thoroughly heated and incorporated with the Aqua-vit& \ then add Verdigreefe, Call, and Vene- tian Borax, of each two Ounces, ftrain'd thro' a fine Scarce, with two Ounces of white Vitriol beaten } boil 'em all together over a gentle Fire, ftirring 'em till they be well incorporated, and keep the Oint- ment for Ufe, in the fame Pot, well cover'd. .Apply this Ointment cold on a little Cotton or Flax*, and, above that, charge the whole Foot with a white or black Reftringent : Thus the Sore will be healed, and the Hoof fattened to the Skin, after the firft or fecond Application. In this cafe, the main fcope of the Cure fhould be to ftrengthen and bind the upper Parts, or to drive the Matter downwards. This may be done by ap- plying the Ointment above, with the Reftringent Charge over it, and dreffing the Hole made in the Foot with the Vulnerary Water, the burning Balfam, or the Oil dc MervilU, or of Gabian* the ^ATTENVIX. 373 The Duke's Ointment, p roper for all forts of Swellings accompanied with Heat, or Inflam- mations* TAke clear and pure Linfeed Oil, one Pound ; Flowers of Brimftone, four Ounces • put 'era into a Matras or Glafs-Vial with a long Neck, letting it ftand in a moderate Sand Heat for the fpace of an Hour ; after which, augment the Heat, and keep it up to the fame Degree, till the Flowers be perfectly diflblv'd. In the mean time, before the Oil grows cold, left part of the Brimftone fall to the Bottom, melt a Pound of Tallow, or of Boars- Greafe, in another Veflel, with two Ounces and an half of White Wax -, inftead of which, if you can procure Horfes Greafe, the Remedy will be more ef- fectual'- but then you muft take fourOnces ofWax7 becaufe Horfes-Greafe is not fo thick as the Boars- Greafe. The Greafe and Wax being wholly melted,1 pour in the Linfeed-OU^ and removing the Veflel from the Fire, ftir the Ointment with a Slice of Mla- net-Root till it be cold. It refembles Ointment of Rofes ; for the Brimftone is fo perfe&ly diflblv'd, that you can hardly perceive it otherwife than by the Smell. This Ointment is apply'd cold ; it eafes Pain, and aflwages all forts of Swellings, Blows, Bruifes, &c. in the Hammes, Withers, Sheath, and other Parts of the Body, pro* vided it be applied for a confiderable time. KM 374 rA® V UWT>1 X. Thefuppurative or ripening Ointment , caWd Bafilicum. TAke yellow Wax, Sheets Suet, Rofin and black Pitch, of each half a Pound, cut 'em into fmall Pieces, then put five Pounds or Oil Olive into a Bafon or Pot, fet it over a pretty ftrong Fire, and when the Oil is hot, add the other Ingredients; after they are wholly melted, ftrain the liquid Mafs through a piece of Canvafs or coarfe Cloth, and then add a Pound of Turpentine, ftirring it conftantly till it be cold : So (hall you have an excellent Sup- purative*, with which you may ever chafe the Parts that you mean to ripen, or anoint Tents with it, in order to digeft and ripen the Matter. The Liquid Cauftic* TAke the Spirit of Salt and Nitre, of each two Ounces, put 'em into a Matrafs, and after the ebullition is over, if any happen, add two Ounces of Quickfilver, and place the Matrafs in a moderate heat, till the Mercury be confum'd or difappear ; then add two Drams of good Opium, and you will have an excellent Caufiic^ which mult be kept in a glafs Viah w The true Ointment of Montpelier. TAke of the true Ointment ofRofes, Marjh- mallows, Populeum, and Honey, of each a Pound *7 mix 'em cold, and keep 'em in a Pot clofe cover'd. This Ointment flrengthens without Heat, and is proper in all cafes where there is occafion for Charges or Oint- ments. Note, The Ointment of Rofes is often adulte- rated, by taking Tallow, coloured red with Alkanet, and warning it in Rofe-water ; as well as that of Po- fuleum, by adding Verdigreafe, to give it a bright green colour, and fo make it more faleable. An excellent Pouder for fur five Horfes. TAke three Pounds of Linfeed, and fpread them in an Earthen Pan ; put the Pan into an Oven, as foon as the Bread is taken out ; fhut the Oven, and ftir the Seed in the Pan once every Hour. Continue after the fame manner to put the Pan into the Oven, immediately after the Bread is taken out, till the Seeds grow dry and brittle, and all their moifture be exhal'd. Then take two Pounds of Liquorice V2&\?&, or rather a Pound of the black Juice of Liquorice, which is more effectual, and al- moft as cheap •, Annifeeds, half a Pound *, Sage, and Leaves and Flowers of Hyffop dry'd, of each half a Pound ; Car duns Benedict us, and Leaves and Flowers of Leffer Centaury, of each four Ounces ; Leaves of Long Birthwort, two Ounces ; Speedwel and sanicle% of each two Handfuls-, Roots of Elecampane, four Ounces; Comfiey, and Roots of Marjhmallows, or Mallows, of each two Ounces \ Gentian, half an Ounce : Mijletoe of the Oak, two Ounces j dry all JU4 the f}6 ATT END IX. the Ingredients in the Shade, reduce each of 'em to Powder apart ^ mix 'em together carefully, and preferve the Powder in a Leathern Bag clofe tied. Give the Horfe every Morning two fmall Silver Spoonfuls of this Powder in two Meafures of moi- ften'd Wheat- Bran, making him faft an Hour and an half after. At Noon and at Night mix a Spoon-, ful with his Oats, which mull be alfo moiften'd j and in the mean time give him no Hay, but only good Wheat-Straw. If the Horfe is not eas'd by a inethodical ufe of this Remedy, you may conclude bis Puriivenefs to be incurable. The End of the Appendix, THE TABL E- A, AG E, bow to know it while a Horfe bath Mark, Fag. 14. what is necejfary to be kept in Memory for tbat end 1 5. old Horfes labour > eatt and/leep better than young ones 1 7. bow to know the Age of a Horfe tbat is pafl Mark, Jhell-tootb'd, bollow.tootb'd) or counter-mart: d 17. Signs of old Age 18, 19. Agility, fee Vigour. Amble, its true Motion, and Difference from, a Walk 189, 190, Ambling, bow to know if a Horfe ambles well 6i, 62. the true andeajieft way to make a Horfe amble 175. Amble and Trot9 both prejudicial to Speed 158, 159. Anbury, 362. Anticor, 353. Antimony, its Analyfis 314. Antimonial Preparations 3 13. Golden Sulpbur of Antimony 31$, Apoplexy 365. Appetite, bow to know if a Horfe bas a good Appetite 68. a. good Belly no certain Sign of a good Appetite 69. bow to pre- serve it on a Journey 74, 75. Appetite loft 229. Arched Legs, an Imperfetlion in a Horfe 31. why Spanifh and Barbary Horfes are commonly arch'd 31. bow to fioe arched Horfes : See Shoeing. (Arman for a Lofs of Appetite 230* Arrefts, fee Rat-tails. Attaint, 275. .Ayres, or anifcial Motions of a Horfe defcrib' 'd icy, B. BAck-gdffd 229. fwafd 3 54, Back-Sinew, its beft Shape 12. in the Fore-Leg itJhouUh large, frm, andfeparate from the Flank-Bone p, 32, The T A B L E. The Bag wherein the Foal came forth of its Mother's Belly good again ft all Difeafes under fix Years old i $ I. Balls for running Horfes 154. Markham'* Cordial Balls fo muck efleemed by all Englifh Farriers 169. Chewing Balls to retrieve the Appetite 23 1. Cordial Balls 2 <4, 237. Balotade defrib'd 192. how to perform it 217. Barbs 227. Barrs defcrib'di. how they Jhould be flap* d%. if the Barro/tfce Mouth be hurt and healed up, *tk a bad Sign 57. Bath to preferve a Horfe' s Legs after a journey 79. a Bath to refolve hard Humours 266. Bay, the moft common of all Colours 63, all Bay Horfes have black Tails and Manes 63. dappled Bay and dark Bay ib. Beard, its due Qualities 8. Beating upon the Hand, how to cure it 21 3. Belly, when weUfiupd 11. how to know if aHorfe has a good Belly ^7. feme Horfes have the Shape of a Cow's Belly 48, 49. how to recover a good Belly 48. a Caution concerning light-belly' dHor* fes 49. how to cure Gaunt or Light-bell y'd Horfes 362. Bitt, how to accommodate aHorfe with a Bitt proper for him 70, J 3 $ j1 3 9. light Bitts be ft upon a Journey 70. a Description offuch Bitts a; rfre moft in Vfe 136. of the Canon Mouth jointed in the .middle ib. of the Canon with afaft Mouth ib. of the Canon with a port Mouth 137. of the Canon Mouth, the Liberty after the Form of a Pigeon's Neck ibid, of a Scatch-Mouth with an Vpfetor mounting Liberty ibid, of a Canon Mouth, the Liberty after Mr. Pignatei'j fajhion 138. gentle Bin-mouths preferable to rude ones ib. Horfes arm themfelves two ways againft the Operation of the Bitt 143. how to prevent their fo doing ibid. Bitings of mad Dogs and venomous Creatures 304. Bitings of Mice 306. Bitings of Serpents 307. Blazes divided in the middle crofs-ways, afign of an odd Difpofi- tion 67. Bleeding at the Nofe or Mouth 246. from a Wound 300. after Blood-letting 229. Bleimes, what it is, and how it comes 99, 119. how curdjtf. Blindnefs abfolute, how difcern'd 24, 25. how occafion din Foals by eating Oats 151. Blood ftaled 258. Ebullition of the Blood 327. Blood-running Itch 327. Bleeding profitable in many Difeafes 128 .fix Reafons for letting^ blood ib. the Inconveniences of letting blood 129. what parts oj the Body Uti proper to bleed iny and upon what Occafions 129,1 3 o. Precautions to be obferv'd in blood-letting 131. how to ftop the excefftve Bleeding when a Horfe is bled in the Talate 1 30. bow to adjuft the Quantity and Quality of Blood 132, 133. Blows 267, 268. Body, how to know if a Horfe has a good Body 47. a light-body i Horfe that's fiery, quickly defer oys himfelf 48. ?on^ The T A B L E. Bones broken, 263. Botts, 233. . . Bran wet, good for Jean Horfes, Si.fcalded Bnngood after Bleeds ing,2^ 1. Bran inflead of Oats proper before and after Bleedings 32. Branches of a Bridle, 139. rude and gentle Branches and their Effetls, 139, 140, bow to difcover what Branch U proper for a. Horfe, 1 40'. afirait Branch like a Fiftol, ib, a Branch after the Conjiable of France'* Fajbion, ib. a Branch after the Form of a Gigotor Leg, ib. a Branch after the Form of a bentJQiee, proper for Horfes which arm themf elves againft the Operation of the Bin, 141. a Branch after the French Fajbion proper to raife a Horfes Head, 142. another Branch hardy for the jams purpofe, ib. a Branch more hardy to bring in A Horfe* s Head9 1 43. another Branch more hardy than the preceding, ib. what Branches are mofi proper for /lender Necks and tender Mouths, 144. bow to biow a rude Branch from a gentle one, ibid. Bread made of Barley and Beans proper for facers, 153. Nothing U more apt to fur fe it aHorfe than new Bread, 162. Bread to be given to a running Horfe in the fecond Fortnight's Feedings ib. Breaft-plate, its due Length and Situations 71. Breath fbort 309. Of Breeding, and how to raife a good and beautiful %ace of Hor~ fe s 1 45 . the Duke of Newcaftle, the befi Auther upon that Sub- ject 144. Brittle Fore-feet Jhould be anointed upon 4 Journey 77. Burning by a Mare, fee Colt-Evil. Burftennefs 338. C. CAlkins fpoil the Feet 119. but are convenient in time ofFrofl 1 19,120. Qi\k'msfafhioned like the point of a Hart's Ear, not very danger oua 87, 120. great fquare Calkins are the worft3 87, 120. Canker in any part of the Body, how cur'd 366. Canon, fee Bin, Capelec, what it it 3*;. Capriole, an artificial Motion 192. how to perform it 2id« Cavezon, how to fix it 194, 19$. fee inward Rein. Cauftick (perpetual) 349. liquid Cauftick 374, Champing on the Bin, a Token of a good Horfe 58, Channel defcrib'd 2. its befi Shapes 8. Cheft foundering, its Caufes, and difference from Purjinefs 52, Cheft foundering 309. Chain, a good Chain makes a thhk-headed Horfe light on the Hand 187. Chops or Cracks in the Legs 346. Chryftalo/tJbe Eye, when faulty 22? Cinnabar Fills for Wounds 294. Circles^ the fir fl riding of & Horfe upon Circles 194* Clay, The TABLE. Clay hluc, good to recover a Horfe's Feet 79, 80. Clefts in the Legs 346. Clofed behind, an Imperfection in the Hammes 34. Coach, fome Horfes not proper for a Coach 30. 48. a Caution ta- bs obferv'd in buying them 48. the fir ft fhoeing of Qflicb.Horfa it of Conference 97. Gods inftam'd or fwell'd 337. Coffin defcribed 3. Coffin-bone defcribed 4. its falling dovon&ij- figurestbe Foot u8- Cold, a great Enemy to Horjes 150. Cold v)itba Cough 235. with a beating in the Flanks 235, 236. Cholick in general 255, 256. a Cholick />0m over-feeding 250. Wind-ChoWck 251. Cholick from glajfy Phlegm 252. Worm' Cholick 254. Cholick from a SuppreJJjon of Vrine 256. Colour, Obfervations upon the different Colours of Horfes 63. Colts of one's own Breed not to be made ufe of for Stallions 149. when to feparate them from the Fillies 152.' Colt- Evil cured 367. Cooling Medicines to be cautioufly ufed 313, 322. A Cord, or Hollow along the J^bs, a Fore-runner of Purfnefs 50. Cords cured 362. Corner-Teeth defcribed 2. the Age known by them 3. Coronet defcribed 3. how itjhouli be jbaped 12. Ulcers in the Coronet 46. Corvet, what Motion it is 192. how to make Corvets flraight forwards, or along a WaU 211,212. Corvets fideways 213. Corvets backwards 214. Corvets upon the Volts zt^.the Crofs and Sarabxn upon Corvets 2 1 5 . how to change upon Corvets 22$. very dull or very fiery Horfes improper for Corvets 2l6„ Couch, how to make a Horfe couch upon his Outfide 207. Cow-dung foftens the Sole 77. butfpoils the Hoof 79. Cough in Foals 151. Cough 307. Countermark'd, fee Age, Cramp, how cured 365. Crapaudine, what it is, 46. how cured 36 4, Crefcents, what they are, 1 1 8. Creft-/4//e», its Cure, 366. Crocus Metallorum 312. Crown-Scab, ( both moift and dry) feldom cured 34. Crown- Scab 286. Croup, a Horfe's Croup too much fubjetled by Circles 202. Croup put too much out, or too much in, how corrected 205, 206- Croup, how itfiould be fbafd 1 1. what a Rocking CrQup is ^ Croupade, what it is, 192. how to perform it, 217. Crupper, when and how to ufe it 71. Curb, what it is 35. Urge Curbs 139. how t§ cure Curbs 3«57« £ut,/et-|aterf*re. Park The TABLE. D. DArk, the darker you keep a Kjtnn'wg- Horfe the better ioq. Deer-Colour 65-. Lieutenants Deco&ion 3 1 1. Demy-ayre or Demy-volt, what hit 191. how to change upon Demy-volcs ±09. A Detergent for a Gangrene 299. Difunited Legs, how put to rights 191. Dock-piece, how to manage it upon a Journey ji. Dragon, or white Spot in the Bottom, of the Eye 8$. Drench, how to prepare and exhibit a Drench 125, Drinking loon after hard Riding pernicious 76. Driving mufically, what itis: defcribed 23. Dull, a fxgn of a dull la\y Horft 6u Dung of a Horfe to he obfertfd upon a journey 78. moiften'd Dung good for a Horfe' s fore-feet after Shoeing 88, 92, 95 > 96 i 103, 109. Slimy and Vifcous Dung fhewsthat a Running Horfe is not duly prepared 155. Dull upon a Journey dries a Horfe' *s Mouth, and [polls his Appetite 74. E. EArs, when roeU-Jhap*d 5. Eel-back'd Horfes 65. Ele&uary of Vermes 133. Emetick Wine 241, 31 4. Ermin'd white Feet a good Mark 6j. Effence of Vipers 251. Eye, how itfhould befbaped 6. how to judge truly of a Horfe9 s Eyes 22. how to know Moon-Eyes 23. what Colours are mofl fubjet? to weak Eyes 25. what time Horfes are mofl fuhjecl to a Weak- vefs of Sight 25. fome vulgar Errors about the trying of a. Horfe 's Eyes 2$. the Eye.pits hollow, a Mark of old Age 6. unlefs the Horfes be got by old Stallions 20. Eyes, their Difafes 242. Rheums Ibid. 243. Inflammations 244. Blows or Hurts 244. Films 245. weeping Eyes 244. Moon- Eyes 245. Eye-Water 243. a cheap Eye-Water 243. F. FA lis 3? 4. Falling of the Fundament 343. Falling upon the Ground or in the Water corrected 1 80. Farcy occafioned by excejfive Feeding after a Journey 81. Farcin recent, how cured 325. inveterate 316. Faults in Horfes, how difcoverd 26. Feather in the Forehead a good Sign 51. 67. as alfo upon the Flj of the hind Thigh 67. Feeding, fee Running-#0r/W. Feet, how to know a Horfe" s Feet qi.fat Feet hard to diflinguifh, 42. weak Feet, what it it 44. too long Feet are bid 45. foun- ded Feet grow [till wot fe 47, White Feet, fee White. Feet to h the TABLE. he priced upon a Journey, and ftop'd over night whh Cow-dung 77. what U meant by tender Feet 78. Flat Feet, fee Shoeing*' Large Feet aptefl to be fpoiVd 98. Feet, their Disorders 280. Feet wafted or forunk 288, 289. Fevers 322. Fevers from foundering 310. Figs on the in fide of the Jaw-bone not danger out 27. Figs on the Frujh, what they are 39. how to know if a Horfe hat had 'em 39. mUetsdejcrWdi. Fire,tfc only Remedy for an Ox-fpavin and Jar don 37. 'tit profitable to the Hoof upon many Occafons 43. Fire, how to give it 269. Flanks defcrib'd^, their due Form 11. when a Horfe has no Flanks 47. how to know when his Flanks are eut of Order 49, Flexible Joints the chief Quality of a Horfe of Manage 30, 31. Foal, how long a Mare goes with Foal, and which is the moft pro- per time to Foal here in England 146. at what time Foals are to be wean'd, and how ordered 150. Foal. Teeth 2. Food, dry contributes much to the Beauty of Horfes 152, 153. Foot, its Parts dcfcrib'd 3. when it ought to have a Star 5. its Heel ought to be large and open 42. it ought neither to be too fat nor toofmaU^S,^. Forehead, how beft Jhap'd 15. Fore-legs, how they fiould befap'd 12. Formes, what they are 34* they aire an uncommon but dangerom Imperfection 34. Foundering, objiruttions in the Lungs Occafiotfd £7 Foundering 309. Fevers occafwn'd by it 310. Foundering, how to prevent it after hard riding 80. a Horfe foundered in the Feet, jhould neither have hi* Foes pared, not his Heels much taken down iig. Fret, fee Gholick* Froth in the Mmh agooi Sign 9, 58. efpecialiy if it be white and thick 58. Frufh or Frog defcnVd 3. how it fiould be fbap'd 13. it ought to be par' d flat 101. Truth ft abb' d 285. Fund,y£e Source* Fundament / as Stone-Horfes $$l Giddinefs 260. Glanders 239. Glanders rarely cur*d 27* Glyfter for coftivenefs in running Horfes 156. Glyfters always beneficial 125, 126. they ought to be given in A large Quantity 126. Purgative Glyfters jhould not be fat ibid. How and with what Precautions to give Glyfters 1 26, 127.GIV* iters for a Cold with a Beating of the Flanks 2 3 6. for Bleedings 247. for the Vives 249. A purging Glyfter for Fevers 323. a cooling Glyfter for Fevers 323. a fcouring Glyfter 341. 4 binding Glyfter 342. Go, how to know if a Horfe goes well 55. a vulgar Miftake con* cerning it 55, 56. Going back upon aftraight Line, how taught 199. going back in * Circle 199. Grafs good for young Horfes if they are not purfy 8 1 . May Grafs purges by foftning and foaling the Humours 122. Gray-colour 66. Fleabitten Gray, Horfes of that colour common- ly good 66. Gray Horfes become white when they grow old it* Branded Gray, light orfilverd Gray, and fad orpouderd Gray 6^.blackt brownijh, and dapple Gray 64. Iron coloured Gray 66. Grinders defcrib'd 2. Gripes, fee Cholick. H» HiEraorrhagy 246. Hair-fhedding curd 366. Sores in the Hairy part of the Foot 373* Halt, a Sign of halting 54. Ha\ter caft 372. Hamme defer iVd 4 how it Jhould bejhap'i 13. the Imperfetlion 3 tit ly able to 34, &c. Hand, How to correct a Horfe that's hard in the Hand 194. Hand has the Preheminence of the Spur 223. HarncfsGdZfc 3 00. Haunches, when they are of a ]uji length 56. Head, whenwell-fbap'd 4. Head-ach 565. Heats, fee Running-Horfes. Heavy, a Sign of a Horfe that's heavy on the Hand 61. Heel, its befi shape 13, Kib'd Heels^ fee Mures Traverfe. Low Heels, how diftinguijh'd 42. narrow Heels 45. one fide of the Heel higher than the other, a Fault ib. Heel Nails to be drawn after a Journey jo, how to know upon a Journey whether they refl upon a Horfes Soles 77. the Art ' of Shoeing all forts of Feet 81. four J{ules to bs obferv* din fine- ing 82. the lightefi Shoes are the bed 85. thick Shoes arefooneft lofl 8 3 . how to pare the Feet> fit the Shoes, and drive the Nails ibid, how to fine Horfes that have low Heels 86. how to Jboe low and narrow Heels 86, 87. how to keep a larg» and fat Frujb from touching the Ground 87. how to fine Heels low and narrow near the Shoe, tboi* the Fru.fi) be large 87, 88. how Heels with a Urge Ftujh cannot be helped by fiooeing 88. how to fine fiat Feet and high and round Soles 89. vaulted and hollow Shoes pernicious 90, 93, 94, 95. fiooeing at the Change of the Moon caufeth the Hoofs to grow 91, 92, 104. Panton-Shoes, fee Pantons. How tofboe hoof bound Horfes 98. how to fine a hoof- bound Horfe before a Journey 104, 105^ how to fine a hoof-bouni Horfe that halts to the Ground 105. how tofboe Horfes that have falfe Quarters 107. how to fine Horfes whoft Fore-legs from the Knee to the Coronet go in aflraigkt Line,ani thofe whofe Faflern Joints bend too far forwards no. how to fine Horfes which have arched Legs w 5 Plaunche-Shoeswaie ufe of for Mules 115, 116. how to Jhoe Horfes that tread only on the Toes of their bind Feet, and fuch as flumble 1 16. how to Jboe an Horfe that over.reaches 117. how to fine Horfes that have been founder' din the Feet 118. how to Jboe Horfes which cut or interfere I2q. Short- jointed Horfes apt to become fixrxit upon their Members 30. Shoulders, bow theyfinuld befiuped 10. Shoulders 0/ a Horfe, bow fuppled 194. how to bring in the outward Shoulder 196. Shoulders wreneb'd, fplait, or flrairfd 261 , Signs The TABLE. Signs ofSicknefs in Horfes 225. Sinew over-flretcb'd 361. Sit-faft 292. Skittifh Horfes, hove to manage 'em 181. Snaffles fmall, befl for Runnivg.Horfes 156. Sole of the Foot defcrib'd 3. When toe M-feap'd 13. Crowrid Soles , what they are 44. Upon thin weak Soles the Shoe mufl not reft%^. Soles round and high, fee Shoeing, the Soles of haltingHoof -bound Horfes mufl be taken out joj, 106. Sores, watery in the Legs 346. Sorrel Horfes, mofl of 'em are good 64. unlcfs their Flanks are pale and. their Extremities white 6y. The difference of Sorrels con fifl in the colour of the Manes and Tails 64. Sow-backs defcrib'd 48. Source or Fund, what it is 63. Spanifh Horfes not the befl Stallions 14^. Spavin, what it is 36. Ox Spavin Hot eafily perceiveable 36. Dry Spavin oftentimes degenerates into the Ox Spavin 37. A Cure for both 3 $9, 360. Specifick/or all Cholich ayj, i<,6. Splents what they are 32. Find Splents ib. A Splent pining to the J^nee, lames a Horfe 33, Double Splents dangerous 35. Splents 271. Spunge of the Heel, whit it is 84. It mufl neither be too long nor too fbort ibid. How they are to be placed ibid, if great and thick they fpoil the Heel 88. Sponge to keep Wounds open 29?. Spurs, Obedience to the Spurs a r.eccffiry quality of a good Horfe 60. Difobedience to them afign of a crofs dogged Nature 359. Blojfom coloured Horfes rarely obey 'cm 64. How to make a Horfe arrfmer the Spurs exaftly 200. Spur m'd as a help when a Horfe flacks upon Terra a Terra, or obeys not the outward Leg enough 223, Spurs, a Correction for many things }ifm'd with difcretion 223. But given out of time they make Horfes refly and vicious 224* Stag-Evil 363. Staggers 259. Staling often to be encouraged in Horfes, but not in Mares 72. Mofl good Horfes Stale when they arefrfl put into the Stable 73. Staling of Blood 158. Stallion, what Horfes arefittefl for Stalliorts 14^. how to order a StalHon 146. the Stallion and Mare ought to Feed alike 147. Stallion (the Age of) 148. Stallion colour 64. Stars in the Forehead, a good Mark in Horfes that are not white or grey 68. how to know when they are made by Art ib< the way of miking 'em ib. Starting remedied 179. Stay of the Legs when good 54 "Steel Medicine for Worms 333. Step and Leap its motion 192. how to perform it 217. St'itRe defcrib'd 4. Stiffling cur'd 368. Stirrup-leathers,- how to prevent their galling of the Horfe' s fides 71, 72* Stomach, Skins bred in the Stomachs of Foals, occasioning a Cough how cur'd 151* Stones The TABLE. Stones fwell'd 336. Bruis'd or bard 339. Stones drawn into the Body 364. Stopping of a Horfe, fow to be done 1 98. How to flop upon a Trot or Gallop 21 1. Stopping upon a Gallop dangerom, before a Horfe be accuftomed to Stop upon a Walk or Trot 200. Straight, when a Horfe is f rid Ho be firaight upon bit Members 28, 29. Strains 261. Straitning, or clofmg too much, how to prevent it 195 . Strangles 231. Straw, cut and mix'd with Oats, wholfome FoodZi. Stringhalt, its cure 358. Stubs in the Foot 282. Swaying of the Bad 334. Swellings on the Back occafion'd by the Saddle, how difcover' 'd ani curd 76 Swellings on the Legs 266. Hard Swellings of long ftanding ib. Swelling following ill-cur'd Sinew-Sprains 268, Swellings incurable by common Remedies 269. Swellings occa- fiond by Blows 267, 268. Swellings on the Withers 302, 303. Swellings on the lieins or Back 304. Swellings in the Zegsoc- cafiond by watery Sores 348, 351. Sulphur of Antimony ', Golden 316. Super-purgation 343. Surbated Feet 281. Sympathy Powder 277, 296. Syringe better to give Oyfters with, than a Horn 127. T. TAil, its due Qualities 12. Its Joints, no certain fign of old Age 20. Tafte, how to judge of Blood by its Tafle 134. Teeth, their divifion and number 2. A Mare has fewer than A . Horfe 3. Teignes, what it is, and how it comes 101. Terra a Terra, what motion it is 191. The true method to make a Horfe go Terra a Terra 206. Thefquare preferable to a Circle for Terra a Terra 208. The Bridle hand muft be low, and not high for Terra a Terra ib. How to change hands upon Terra a Terra 209. Thigh or Gaskin defer Wd 4. When weU-fbap'd 1-3. Tick, what it is 69. Tiger.colour $5. Toejreading only on the hind Joes to be remedy' d by methodical Shoe* ing 41. Toe before^ and Quarter behind^ a Rule in Shoeing 82, Tongue, how it JbaUbejhap'd 7. Tramel for Ambling, the form of it 17$. Travel, fee Journey. Tread, when good 54. See Toe. Trot, its true motion 190. Truncheons 333. Tumours, See Swellings, Tufties defcrib'd 2. Mares feldom have any ibid, I Tyr'd Horfe s 317. U. I "1 Rine, its immoderate Flux 257. Jtsftoppagc 368* U Varifie, an imperfection in the Hammes^^ 30% "V eftigon defcrib'd 35. yices in Horfe st kow prevented and rented/ A 179, [Vigour The T A B L E. Vigour, how to judge of, 58. Vives, 24S. W. WAlk, the true Motion of a Horfes Legs upon his Walk 180. Walks, how to know when a Horfe Walks well 5 5 . Wka$ it is to walk lightly, furely, quickly, and, eafily 55. Walking a Horfe after he has taken a Clyfter, unfeafonable 127. Warts, Jet Lcek-heads and Figs. Warts in the Legs 345. Jn excellent Water for Pains and Warts 348. Water, when good and proper to be given on a Journey 72. Water- ing Courfes are pernicious ibid. Jn Watering a Horfe's Draught fhould bey interrupted fever al times ibid. Whether a Horfe jbould be watered before or after his Oats 74, 75. What Water u beft, and how to corretl the Sharpnefs offome Waters 7$. Waters or Humours in the Legs return after apparent Difcujfton 40. In Winter their Cure is difficult ibid. Watery Sores in the Legs 346. Weaning, fee Foals. Wet upon tie Ears and Neck very prejudicial to %a;e- Horfes 16^ Wheat-fheaves unthrefod a proper Food for fanning- Horfe s 153. Wheezing different from Furfmefs 51. White Horfe s black about the Eyes and Noftrils, fome of them very good 66. White Feet, Obfervations drawn from them ib. Ermin'd White Feet, an excellent Mark 67. Winching, how to remedy it 179. Wind-galls 270, 274. Wind-galls, a fign that a Horfe's Legs have been too much ufed ?2. if they have any Coherence with the Nerves they are incurable 40. Winter, warm Houfmg in Winter contributes much to the Beauty of a Horfe 172,153. Withers defmbed 3. Ibeir due Shape $> 10. Withers hurt 30U Wolf-colour, of two kinds 65. Wolves-Teeth 227. Worms, 333. Wounds of al! forts 290. Wounds preceded by lumours 3 on Wounds in the Mouth 228, 22$. Wrenches or Strains 261 Wry-neck'd Horfes how correiled 1 7 9. X • YArd foul or furred, a Cure for it 368* Yellow Water 295. Young Horfes notfofubjeft to tread on the Toes of their Hind- fee* as old ones 1 16. Young Horfes are not fit for the Manage ig8# Zhsyfionld never be much prefs'd to any thing 211, The End of the Table