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COMPOSITAE 6

NEWSLETTER

Number 23 October 1993

Scientific Editor: Bertil Nordenstam

Technical Editor: Agneta Lindhag

Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Department of Phanerogamic Botany,

P.O. Box 50007

S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. IR ; PAT
(Director: Prof. Bertil Nordenstam) | > | i. Rin
ISSN 0284-8422

NOV.” SetIo3
Ne vy CONE
BOTANICA: GARDE!
~ CONTENTS

Bertil Nordenstam: P seudocadiscus Lisowski sunk in Stenops B. Nord.
(Compositae-Senecioneae)

ae lf Swenson: The Identity of Abrotanella christenseni Petrie (Asteraceae)

Arne A. Anderberg: Cytology of Ighermia Wikl. (Asteraceae-Inuleae) with
Notes on its Systematic Position

John F. Pruski, Gerardo Aymard: Compositae of the Guayana
Highland-VIII

Book announcement

Request for material

16
18

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 1

PSEUDOCADISCUS LISOWSKI SUNK IN STENOPS
B. NORD. (COMPOSITAE-SENECIONEAE)

Bertil Nordenstam
Department of Phanerogamic Botany
Swedish Museum of Natural History

S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden

In 1987 Lisowski described a new monotypic genus from Zaire. He named it
Pseudocadiscus, because of its partial resemblance to the South African aquatic
genus Cadiscus of the Senecioneae. However, Lisowski referred his new genus to
the tribe Anthemideae and considered it related to Chrysanthemum, obviously
misled by the white ray-florets.

However, Pseudocadiscus zairensis is clearly closely related to Stenops helodes
B. Nord. from Tanzania and Zambia (Nordenstam 1978: 73 ff.). Characters in
common include the uniseriate connate involucre, the conical naked receptacle,
the white rays and yellow disc, the conspicuous basal swelling of the filament
collar, the ecaudate anthers with radial endothecium, the shortly bilobed disc sty-
les with truncate tips, the epappose 5-veined cypselas, and the homomorphic rec-
tangular ovary wall crystals. Besides, both are glabrous annual herbs of wet
habitats, and with stems rooting at nodes (cf. Fig. 1).

Quite clearly, Pseudocadiscus is congeneric with Stenops and has to be sunk. The
two species involved seem to be rather closely allied, but sufficiently different to
be upheld. The necessary new combination is given below.

Stenops zairensis (Lisowski) B. Nord., comb. nov.

Basionym: Pseudocadiscus zairensis Lisowski, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg. 57
(3/4): 468 (1987). - Type: Lisowski 84604 (POZG holo., BR iso.!).

Differences from S. helodes B. Nord. are the floating aquatic habit, the parallel-
veined leaves, and the winged cypselas. In S. zairensis the number of ray-florets
is usually c. 13, in S. helodes around 8.

References

Lisowski, S. 1987. Pseudocadiscus Lisowski (Asteraceae), genre monotypique
nouveau du Zaire. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg. 57 (3/4): 467—469.

Nordenstam, B. 1978. Taxonomic Studies in the Tribe Senecioneae (Compositae).
Opera Bot. 44, 83 pp.

to

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

Fig. 1. Stenops helodes B. Nord. (A—E) and S. zairensis (Lisowski) B. Nord.
(F—J). A, F: Habit, x 0.4. B: Involucre and receptacle, x 5. C, G: Ray-floret,
x 5. D, H: Disc-floret, x 5. E, I: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x 5. J: Winged
cypsela, x 5. (A: Richards 16354 in K; B—E: Sanane 241 in K; F: de Witte
6350 in BR; G—J: Lisowski 84604 in BR, isotypus). - Del auct.

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 3

THE IDENTITY OF ABROTANELLA
CHRISTENSENI PETRIE (ASTERACEAE)

Ulf Swenson
Department of Systematic Botany
Uppsala University
Villavagen 6
S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden

Background

Abrotanella Cass. (Senecioneae-Blennospermatinae) is a circum-Pacific genus
which includes about 20 species. Some of the species have been very poorly col-
lected and are thus badly known, e.g. A. christenseni Petrie. In connection with
my work on a revision of this genus, I discovered that this species should be
excluded from Abrotanella.

Abrotanella christenseni was first collected 1912 at Hanmer Plains, Nelson, on
the South Island, New Zealand by C. E. Christensen. Petrie (1915) described the
species and named it after the collector, who did much botanical research in the
district of Amuri on New Zealand. When Cheeseman published his flora "Manual
of the New Zealand Flora" in 1925, he had seen only two specimens of
A. christenseni. He further stated that the material was insufficient to convince
him that it was a true Abrotanella. Almost 40 years later, when the "Flora of New
Zealand" was published, no additional material had been collected and the alliance
to Abrotanella was still unclear (Allan 1961). Allan then suggested a possible
affinity to Cotula L.

I have received material from the herbaria in Australia, England, Holland, New
Zealand and Sweden. I conclude thus that no more collections than the two cited
by Cheeseman (1925) exist, i.e. the type specimens: C. Christensen, March 1912
(lectotype WELT). However, I have only been able to locate one of these sheets,
the one deposited in Wellington (WELT). The second was presumably deposited
in Auckland (AK) by Dr. Petrie, but no type is held according to the herbarium.

Diagnostic characters

The original description (Petrie 1915) is very brief. No characters are given of
neither the ray nor the disc florets, but only of the leaves and the cypselas. The
type material I have seen does not correspond to the usual Abrotanella habit.
However, it matches well with that of Solenogyne gunnii (Hook. f.) Cabrera

4 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

(Table 1), although Christensen’s collection is a very small plant and has small
cypselas (c. 1 mm instead of 2 mm).

Table 1. Some characters of the genus Abrotanella, A. christenseni and Solenogy-
née gunnll.

Character Abrotanella A. christenseni S. gunnii
Leaves
outline linear or ovate +spathulate + spathulate
margin entire dentate dentate
apex retuse truncate truncate or obtuse
Hairs absent white septate-pilose white septate-pilose
Involucral bracts 2—3series 3—4 series 3—4 series
Cypselas terete flattened flattened

The leaf outline of Abrotanella is generally linear or ovate, with an entire margin
and a retuse apex, and that of §. gunnii is more or less spathulate or obovate, with
a dentate margin and a truncate or obtuse apex. Species of Abrotanella are most
often glabrous, but brown hairs can occur sparsely. Solenogyne gunnii has always
septate whitish hairs on the leaves as well as on the flowering stem. Moreover,
the involucral bracts (phyllaries) are in 3—4 series, not in 2 as stated by Petrie
(1915). Cypselas of Abrotanella are often terete and ribbed, but those of Soleno-
gyne are flattened (Davis 1950).

Solenogyne gunnii (Hook. f.) Cabrera

The genus Solenogyne Cass. comprises three, often very variable species endemic
to Australia (Adams 1979). The status of Solenogyne to Lagenifera Cass. is still
unclear and they have even been united (Hooker 1860). These genera belong in
the Astereae - Asterinae (Zhang and Bremer 1993). Two species of Solenogyne
are reported to be introduced to New Zealand, one of them being S. gunnii
(Hook. f.) Cabrera. This species was first reported in New Zealand from the
North Island in 1880 and Kirk (1899) considered it to be naturalised on the hills
near Wellington and Paikakariki. Later in the 1880’s it was also reported from

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 5)

Banks Peninsula on the South Island (Drury 1974). The habitats are often in
tussock grassland on mountain slopes, parks and sown pastures near the coast
(Drury 1974, Kirk 1899).

I conclude that Abrotanella christenseni Petrie is synonymous with Solenogyne
gunnii (Hook. f.) Cabrera.

Solenogyne gunnii (Hook.f.) Cabrera, Blumea 14(2): 307 (1966).
Syn.: Abrotanella christenseni Petrie, Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 47: 51 (1915).

Material seen: Abrotanella christenseni Petrie; C. Christensen, March 1912
(WELT, lectotype). Solenogyne gunnii (Hook.f.) Cabrera; A. M. Buchanan No.
1113 (HO); P. Collier No. 2330 (HO); M. J. Brown No. 245 (HO); T. Kirk No.
640 (BM); L. G. Adams & R. Schodde No. 2500, 2518 (K); J. A. Rodway No.
774 (K); R. Coveny No. 913 (K); H. J. Comber No. 1772 (K).

Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. K. Martinsson at the Botanical Garden, Uppsala University, for
valuable comments. The study was supported by a Swedish Natural Science Research
Council grant to Kare Bremer for Asteraceae phylogeny.

References

Adams, L.G. 1979. A review of the genus Solenogyne (Asteraceae) in Australia
and New Zealand. Brunonia 2: 43—65.

Allan, H.H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand, vol. 1. Government Printer, Welling-
ton.

Cheeseman, T.F. 1925. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. Government Printer,
Wellington.

Davis, G.L. 1950. Revision of the genus Solenogyne Cass. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W. 75:188—194.

Drury, D.G. 1974. A broadly based taxonomy of Lagenifera sect. Lagenifera
and Solenogyne (Compositae - Asteraceae) with an account of their species
in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Bot. 12: 365—39S.

Hooker, J.D. 1860. Flora Tasmaniae, vol. 1. London.
Kirk, T. 1899. Student’s Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington.
Petrie, D. 1915. New native phanerogams. Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 47: 51.

6 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

Zhang, X. and K. Bremer 1993. A cladistic analysis of the tribe Astereae (Aste-
raceae) with notes on their evolution and subtribal classification. Pl. Syst.
Evol. 184: 259—283.

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 7

CYTOLOGY OF IGHERMIA WIKL.
(ASTERACEAE-INULEAE) WITH NOTES ON ITS
SYSTEMATIC POSITION

Arne A. Anderberg
Department of Phanerogamic Botany
Swedish Museum of Natural History
S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

The chromosome number of [ghermia pinifolia (Maire & Wilczek) Wiklund has
been determined for the first time. The chromosome number that was found to be
2n=14 supports the earlier proposed systematic position of the genus as the sister-
group of Asteriscus and Nauplius of the Inuleae.

Introduction

Ighermia, a monotypic genus endemic to southern Morocco was described by
Wiklund (1983) for Asteriscus pinifolius Maire & Wilczek (1935). Wiklund
placed this species in a separate genus because it could not be shown to be most
closely related to the other Asteriscus species, but rather to some other genus or
group of genera. Wiklund later (1985, 1987) found that Asteriscus and Nauplius
form a monophyletic group diagnosed by a single synapomorphy, 1. e. the crested
ray-floret epidermis cells. Anderberg (1991) corroborated Wiklund’s hypothesis
of a close phylogenetic relationship between Asteriscus and Nauplius, but also
found an additional synapomorphy for the group, viz. the characteristically low
chromosome numbers (2n=10, 12, 14). The only other genera of the tribe with
2n=14, i.e. Anisopappus (Auquier and Renard 1975) and Anvillea (Anderberg
1982) were found to be more distantly related. Anderberg (1991) also found that
Ighermia is the sister-group of Asteriscus and Nauplius. This relationship was
supported by the shared presence of a continuous sclerenchymatic tissue in the
cypsela wall, a multi-state feature that was represented with an autapomorphic
conditional in Asteriscus. The chromosome number of /ghermia, which was
potentially informative, was at that time unknown, and therefore coded as a
question-mark in the cladistic analysis.

A chance to obtain the necessary cytological data needed to test the hypothesis
presented itself, when a recently collected specimen of /ghermia pinifolia, with

8 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

mature cypselas, was presented as a gift to the herbarium in Stockholm (S), by
Dr. D. Podlech, Munich.

Material and Methods

Mature cypselas taken from "Podlech No. 49163, S." germinated successfully in
the greenhouses of the Department of Botany, University of Stockholm.

Root tips were treated with 0.2% colchicine for 2 hours in refrigerator, fixed in
Carnoy’s solution (99% ethanol and glacial acetic acid 3:1), stained in aceto-orce-
in, squashed, and mounted in euparal.

Results and Discussion

The chromosome number of /ghermia pinifolia proved to be 2n=14, which is the
same as the prevailing chromosome number in Nauplius. The present result sup-
ports the hypothesis that /ghermia is the sister-group of Nauplius and Asteriscus
(Anderberg 1991), and the low chromosome numbers constitute a further synapo-
morphy for the three genera (Fig. 1).

Acknowledgement

I am grateful to Mr Peter Litfors and Ms Gullevi Bergqvist for technical assistan-
ce, and to Dr. D. Podlech for sending the material of /ghermia to Stockholm.

References

Anderberg, A. A. 1982. The genus Anvillea (Compositae). Nord. J. Bot. 2:
297—305.

Anderberg, A. A. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Inuleae (Astera-
ceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 176: 75—123.

Auquier, P. and R. Renard 1975. Nombres chromosomiques de quelques Ang-
iospermes du Rwanda, Burundi et Kiwu (Zaire) 1. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation.
Belg. 45: 421445.

Maire, R. and E. Wilczek 1935. Sertulum austro-maroccanum austerum. Bull.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. N. 26: 128.

Wiklund, A. 1983. /ghermia, a new genus of the Asteraceae-Inuleae. Nord. J.
Bot. 3: 443—446.

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 9

Wiklund, A. 1985. The genus Asteriscus (Asteraceae-Inuleae). Nord. J. Bot. 5:
299—314.

Wiklund, A. 1987. The genus Nauplius (Asteraceae-Inuleae). Nord. J. Bot. 7:
1—23.

IGHERMIA
NAUPLIUS
ASTERISCUS

loss of cypsela sclerenchyma

crested ray—floret epidermis cells

loss of resin canals in stem

continuous cypsela sclerenchyma

chromosome number 2n=14 or less

Fig. 1. Cladogram showing a revised character distribution for the three genera of
the Asteriscus group. Redrawn from Anderberg (1991).

10 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

COMPOSITAE OF THE GUAYANA
HIGHLAND-VIII

Dasyphyllum vepreculatum (D. Don) Cabr.
(Barnadesioideae: Barnadesieae), New for Guayana

John F. Pruski
United States National Herbarium
Department of Botany, NHB-166
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.

and

Gerardo Aymard
Herbario Universitario
UNELLEZ-Guanare
Mesa de Cavacas 3323, Portuguesa, Venezuela

Abstract

Dasyphyllum vepreculatum is documented in Bolivar, Venezuela, marking the
first report of the species, genus, tribe Barnadesieae, and subfamily Barnadesioi-
deae in Guayana. Twelve tribes in the three subfamilies of Compositae are now
known from Guayana.

Introduction

Dasyphyllum H.B.K. (Compositae: Barnadesioideae: Barnadesieae) is a striking,
principally Andean and Planaltine genus of about 39 species of trees, shrubs, or
vines. Species of the genus are often armed with nodal spines and are charac-
terized by alternate trinerved chartaceous to subcoriaceous leaves, by generally
epaleate capitula of bisexual florets with tubular actinomorphic or somewhat
bilabiate (inconspicuously zygomorphic) corollas that are partly villose, by shortly
caudate anthers that lack an apical appendage, by shortly bilobed smooth styles

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 11

with a continuous stigmatic surface, and by obconic, generally villous achenes
with many persistent plumose pappus setae.

The present report documents a range extension of D. vepreculatum (D. Don)
Cabr. into Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela, marking the first report of the genus and
species in Guayana, and westward into Edos. Falcén and Lara. Neither the species
nor the genus is known to occur in the Guayana region of Brazil, Colombia, or
Guyana (Pruski 1991) or in the Guianas (Funk et al. 1992). The species is the
only Venezuelan member of the genus (Aristeguieta 1964) and of tribe Barnade-
sieae. Previously, D. vepreculatum was known in Venezuela only from Anzoategui
(Steyermark 1957, p. 1145), Aragua, Distrito Federal, and Miranda (Aristeguieta
1964), where it was reported as a species of Chuquiraga Juss., and in Brazil from
Bahia (Cabrera 1959).

Dasyphyllum has been placed in subtribe Barnadesiinae, tribe Mutisieae (Cabrera
1977) of the Cichorioideae and is the sole genus of the subtribe found in Guayana.
Largely because of axillary spines and barnadesioid trichomes and because of
cpDNA differences between Barnadesiinae and all the other Compositae for
which cpDNA sequences are known, the subtribe has recently been elevated
(Bremer and Jansen 1992) to the tribal level as the Barnadesieae. Moreover, the
tribe has been placed by Bremer and Jansen (1992) into a newly described (third)
subfamily (Barnadesioideae) of the Compositae. Consequent to this elevation in
rank of subtribe Barnadesiinae, this report of D. vepreculatum in Guayana not
only notes a species and genus new to Guayana, but therefore also a tribe and
subfamily new for its flora. In the treatment of the Compositae by the first author
in the forthcoming "Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana" by Julian Steyermark and
collaborators, eleven additional tribes in the two larger subfamilies [Lactuceae,
Mutisieae, and Vernonieae (Cichorioideae) and Astereae, Coreopsideae, Eupato-
rieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Plucheae, Senecioneae, and Tageteae (Asteroi-
deae)] are also listed as native to Guayana.

Taxonomic Treatment

Dasyphyllum vepreculatum (D. Don) Cabr., Rev. Mus. La Plata n.s. 9: 62. 1959.
Chuquiraga vepreculata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 290. 1830. Flotovia
vepreculata (D. Don) DC., Prodr. 7: 11. 1838. -Type: VENEZUELA [Distri-
to Federal]: ad Caracas, ca. 1828, D. Fanning s.n. [holotype: Lambert Herba-
rium n.v., possibly in BM, CGE, G, LE, or OXF fide Miller 1970].

Climbing vines to 8 m long; stems much-branched, subterete, densely pubescent
when young, later glabrate, commonly armed with pairs of curved, downward
pointing nodal spines, these 2—6 mm long; upper internodes to 4 cm long, shorter
than the subtending leaves. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, evenly distributed
along upper stem branches; blade chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate

12 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

to broadly elliptic, 2.5—9 x 1—3.9 cm, acute to rounded at base, apically acute
to acuminate and mucronulate, the margins entire, often revolute, the venation re-
ticulately 3-veined from near base, upper blade surface subnitidous, glabrous or
weakly villose with repent hairs, lower blade surface villose to weakly so or near-
ly glabrous; petiole non-clasping, 3—6 mm long, villosulous. Capitulescence
terminal or also lateral from uppermost nodes, corymbiform, lateral corymbs of
up to 12 capitula, terminal corymbs often with more than twice this number of
capitula. Capitula homogamous and isomorphic, 14—24-flowered, short-pedun-
culate; involucre campanulate, 8—12 x 4—7 mm, 6—7-seriate; phyllaries many,
imbricate, strongly graduated, erect or inner series spreading or reflexed, rigidly
coriaceous, sericeous or at least so near margins, entire, the outer phyllaries
triangular to ca. 2 mm long, the apex attenuate, terminating in a strong spinule
to 1.5 mm long, grading to inner series of linear-lanceolate phyllaries to ca. 8 mm
long, these with merely mucronate apices; receptacle flat, hirsute, naked or outer
portions partly paleate. Florets bisexual; corollas inconspicuously zygomorphic,
tubular, ca. 8 mm long, pilose, cream-colored, corolla limb 5 mm long, 5-lobed,
with one lobe bordered by much more deeply cut sinuses than the others, apex of
lobes pilose, the proximal portion of the lobes less pilose to nearly glabrous, the 4
shorter lobes ca. 2 mm long, longer lobe ca. 5 mm long, all lobes equal on top,
erect or slightly reflexed at apex; corolla tube ca. 3 mm long, pilose; anthers
slightly exserted from above the tps of the corolla lobes, ca. 4 mm long, cream-
colored, caudate (with sterile tails), the tails ca. 0.S—O.7 mm long, glabrous, those
of adjacent thecae connate; style glabrous, shortly bilobed, the branches slightly
broader than the shaft, acute at apex. Achenes obconic, to 1.5 mm long, densely
long-pilose, the hairs often more than twice the achene body length and obscuring
achene surface; pappus of many persistent, obviously plumose cream-colored
setae ca. 8 mm long, as long as the corolla.

Additional collections: BRAZIL. Bahia: Cruz das Almas, Feb 1957, Pinto 56—
66 (IAL n.v., LP n.v., cited by Cabrera 1959). VENEZUELA. Anzoategui: dry-
ish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of
Bergantin, 800—1100 m, 22 Feb 1945, Steyermark 61092 (F n.v., NY); forested
rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Bergantin, SOO m, 14 Mar 1945,
Steyermark 61489 (F n.v., NY, US). Aragua: prope coloniam Tovar, 20 Jun
1855, Fendler 639 (NY, Pn.v., US). Bolivar: Mun. Piar, bosques medios semide-
ciduos en lomerio, isla en el lago de Guri (Sector Danto Manchado), 20 km al S
de la Presa R. Leoni, aprox. 735’N, 6258’ W, 270 m, 6—9 Feb 1990, Aymard et
al. 7778 (NY, PORT); Mun. Piar, isla en el lago de Guri (Sector Danto Mancha-
do), bosques medios tropéfitos en lomerio, 40 km al S de la Presa R. Leoni,
aprox. 735’N, 6258’W, 270 m, 24 Feb 1992, Aymard et al. 10166 (NY, PORT);
Mun. R. Leoni, Cerro Cachimbo, 36 km al E de La Paragua, 652’N, 6303’ W, 320
m, Mar 1987, W. Fernandez 4073 (PORT). Falcén: Dtto. Buchivacoa, Rio Agua

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 13

Viva, 17 km de Dabajuro, 11 Nov 1978, L. Cardenas et al. 2713 (MY, VEN). La-
ra: alrededores de Duaca, 26 Mar 1950, A. Fernandez 104 (MY). Miranda:
climber on bushes in scrub, between Sabana Grande and Baruta, 1000 m, 8 Dec
1938, Ll. Williams & Alston 243 (F n.v., NY, S n.v., US); trepadora sobre arbus-
tos en matorrales, entre Sabana Grande y Baruta, 1000 m, s.d., Ll. Williams
10847 (US).

Distribution and Ecology

Plants of this species are low vines climbing over dry scrub or semideciduous fo-
rest in Bahia, Brazil and Anzodtegui, Aragua, Bolivar, Distrito Federal, Falc6n,
Lara, and Miranda, Venezuela (Fig. 1). This species is known to occur from 270
to 1100 meters in elevation and to flower in February, March, June, November,
and December.

In Guayana this species is known only from low elevations (270—320 meters)
near Lake Guri where it is found on steep hillsides of shallow recent azonal soils
(entisols) and highly weathered ferruginous soils (ultisols) with gneiss rocks. The
vertical structure of the forest in Guayana where Dasyphyllum vepreculatum occ-
urs shows three well differentiated strata of trees and the floristic composition of
the forest includes a number of Caribbean elements more commonly encountered
in Venezuela in forests north of the Orinoco River. The upper stratum is compo-
sed of emergent species from 20—30 m in height and the more frequently enco-
untered species are in the genera Brosimum, Ceiba, Centrolobium, Eschweilera,
Licania, Melicoccus, Myrospermum, Pradosia, Pseudanamomis, and Tabernae-
montana. The canopy and understory are composed of trees between 6—20 m in
height and the more common elements include species of Albizia, Allophylus, Al-
seis, Aspidosperma, Astrocaryum, Brosimum, Bunchosia, Casearia, Centrolobi-
um, Clavija, Coccoloba, Cordia, Guarea, Guatteria, Guazuma, Guettarda,
Gustavia, Hymenaea, Lecointea, Lepidocordia, Maclura, Margaritaria, Phyllant-
hus, Pterocarpus, Rollinia, Sapindus, Spondias, Vitex, and Zanthoxylum. The fo-
rest floor is dense and composed of shrubs, subshrubs, and herbs of the genera
Abutilon, Adiantum, Bactris, Chamissoa, Coursetia, Ertela, Olyra, Pharus, Piper,
Psychotria, Rinorea, Rivina, and Zapoteca. A full account of the forests of these
islands in Lake Guri has been prepared by the second author for publication in
Biollania.

Acknowledgements

We thank Jose Cuatrecasas, Harold Robinson, and Michael Nee for help while
this note was in preparation and for comments on the manuscript.

14 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

References
Aristeguieta, L. 1964. Compositae. Flora de Venezuela 10: 1—941.

Bremer, K. and R. K. Jansen 1992. A new subfamily of the Asteraceae. Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 414—415. [Note: Subfamily Barnadesioideae was
validated in this publication using the spelling "Barnadesioidae".]

Cabrera, A. L. 1959. Revisidn del género Dasyphyllum. Rev. Mus. La Plata,
Bot. n.s. 9: 21—100, plus 8 plates.

Cabrera, A. L. 1977. Mutisieae-systematic review. Pages 1039—1066. In: Hey-
wood, V. H., Harborne, J. B. and B. L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Che-
mistry of the Compositae. Academic Press, London, New York, San
Francisco.

Funk, V. A., Robinson, H. and J. Pruski 1992. Asteraceae. Pages 81—88. In:
Boggan, J., Funk, V., Kelloff, C., Hoff, M., Cremers, G. and C. Feuillet,
Checklist of the plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana).
Biological Diversity of the Guianas Program, Washington.

Miller, H. S. 1970. The herbarium of Aylmer Bourke Lambert. Notes on its
acquisition, dispersal, and present whereabouts. Taxon 19: 489—553.

Pruski, J. F. 1991 [1993]. Compositae of the Guayana Highland-V. The Mutisieae
of the Lost World of Brazil, Colombia, and Guyana. Bol. Mus. Paraense
Emilio Goeldi, sér. Bot. 7: 335—392.

Steyermark, J. A. 1957. Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela. Botanical col-
lecting in Venezuela-IV. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 679—1190.

15

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

Fig. 1. Distribution of Dasyphyllum vepreculatum.

16 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

BOOK ANNOUNCEMENT

Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification
by Kare Bremer

752 pp, 89 line drawings, 24 tables, 6 x 9", hardcover, ISBN 0-88192-275-7.
Price U.S.$79.95, or U.K.£60 (plus shipping and handling costs).
Publication date: May 1994.

Available from Timber Press, Inc. The book may be ordered from either of two
locations:

U.S. offices: 9999 S.W. Wilshire, Suite 124, Portland, OR 97225, U.S.A. Telephone
Nos. (800)327-5680, (503)292-0745, Fax (503)292-6607.

U.K. offices: 10 Market St., Swavesey, Cambridge, CB4 5QG, United Kingdom.
Telephone (0954)232959.

Classification of the largest family of flowering plants, the Asteraceae (Composi-
tae), has been difficult because of the large numbers of taxa involved: 23 000 spe-
cies in 1535 genera, 3 subfamilies, and 17 tribes. Now, thanks to increasingly
powerful computer technology — combined with a thorough and original reexa-
mination of the distribution of characteristics of the plants — a taxonomic survey
and cladistic analysis of the entire family has been carried out. This volume is the
most complete treatment of the family in more than a century.

Using the relatively new and powerful technique of cladistics, which analyzes the
distribution and evolution of individual taxonomic characteristics among the taxa,
the author has reconstructed the phylogeny within the family Asteraceae. Cladis-
tic analysis begins with "polarization" of character states from the putatively an-
cestral state to the advanced state. Then, using various algorithms, "trees" of
different kinds are generated, with the taxa at the tips of the branches. In each case,
the objective is to construct the most parsimonious tree, the one with the fewest
parallelisms or reversals in the evolution of the characters. The resulting classifi-
cation is the most comprehensive elucidation of the evolutionary relationships of
the Asteraceae and of the groups within the family, and provides an exhaustive
delimitation of natural groups.

3ased on morphological data, this work on phylogeny and evolution from a cla-
distic point of view also serves as a reference to the generic classification of the

Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993 17

family. All available information on the phylogeny of the family has here been
assembled in one volume; included are more than 50 cladograms and phylogene-
tic trees, many of them from new and hitherto unpublished cladistic analyses. In
addition to introductory chapters on cladistics, classification, morphology, and
evolution, the book also includes chapters on each of the subfamilies and tribes,
as well as descriptions of genera. Material for several groups were contributed by
Are A. Anderberg, Per Ola Karis and Bertil Nordenstam from the Swedish Mu-
seum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, and by Johannes Lundberg and
Olof Ryding from the Department of Phanerogamic Botany at Uppsala Universi-
ty, Sweden. More than 1000 references to revisions and other important literature
on the family have been included.

Specialists in Asteraceae will find the volume to be an indispensable reference for
its synthesis and analysis of classification; other plant and animal systematists
will appreciate the volume for its methodology.

Kare Bremer, professor of systematic botany and dean of biology at Uppsala Uni-
versity, Sweden, has researched the family Asteraceae for more than 25 years. A
leading synantherologist, he is one of the first and foremost proponents of cladis-
tics in plant systematics. He has authored numerous articles in English and Swe-
dish for international scientific journals, and is coauthor of two other books.

18 Comp. Newsl. 23, 1993

REQUEST FOR MATERIAL

Mr. Christoph Oberprieler is studying the biosystematics of the genus Anthemis
in Northwest Africa for a Ph. D. thesis under the supervision of Prof. W. Greuter
in Berlin. In connection with this work an anatomical and morphological study of
cypselas in the whole genus is undertaken. Therefore viable or preserved cypsela
material of any Anthemis species would be most welcome. Material from the East
Mediterranean area and the Near East is of special interest.

Please send any cypsela material of Anthemis to

Christoph Oberprieler

Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem
K6nigin-Luise-Strasse 6-8

D-1000 BERLIN 33

GERMANY

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