7/7 COMPOSITAE © * NEWSLETIER Number 33 March 1999 ; 7 Scientific Editor: Berti. NORDENSTAM Technical Editor: GUNNEL WiréNnius NoHLIN Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007 SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden (Director: Professor Berti. NoRDENSTAM) ISSN 0284-8422 4 : CONTENTS 4 E. A. Kame: Karyological studies on some taxa of the Asteraceae in Egypt 1 aryolog 8yP B. J. Lepscut & G. J. KEIGHERY : New chromosome counts for some Western 4 ; Australian Gnaphalieae (Compositae) 19 7 MEsFIN TaDesse: New combinations, varieties and synonyms in African { Compositae 23 4 S. Hayat: A study of Vernonia coerulea Koster in Sumba Island, Indonesia Gi 7 ; B. STAHL, G. P. Lewis, B. B. KurrGAarp & P. L. Carpio: New records of Fulcaldea j (Compositae-Barnadesieae) and the importance of local herbaria for floristic Ps } inventory in the tropics - 39 4 M. Rat, D. AcHARYA & B. Norpenstam: The family Asteraceae in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh, India 46 E. V. ZaAREMBO & E. V. Borxo: The Genus Atractylodes DC. (Compositae- Cynareae) in Far East Russia 61 New book 73 NEW TAXA AND COMBINATIONS PUBLISHED IN THIS ISSUE Felicia abyssinica Scu. Bre. ex A. Ricn. var. schimperi (Steup. & Hocust. ex JAvs. & Spacu) Mesrin, comb. nov.: p. 24. Felicia abyssinica Scu. Birr. ex A. Ricu. var. neghelliensis (Curop.) MEsFin, comb. nov.: p. 25. Senecio schultzii Hocust. ex A. Ricu. var. lanatus OT1rENo & MEsFin, var. nov.: p. 30 Accredited with the International Association of Plant Taxonomy for the purpose of registration of new namnes of vascular plants (excluding fossils). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 1 Karyological studies on some taxa of the Asteraceae in Egypt ExAB ABDELRAZIK KAMEL Department of Biological Sciences & Geology Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt Abstract Chromosomal studies have been carried out on 10 species of the Asteraceae representing four tribes in the main two subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae collected from the flora of Egypt. In this study eight new counts are presented. These studies include detailed characterization of karyological features of each species. The cytological features are obtained from chromosome number, length and criteria of the karyotype asymmetry including chromosome arm ratio, TF% (total form per- cent), A, (the intrachromosomal asymmetry index) and A, (the interchromosomal index). Introduction The Asteraceae are well represented in the flora of Egypt. TACKHOLM (1974) reported 93 genera and 230 species distributed in different habitats of the country (HassiB 1950), whereas EL-Hapmw1 & Fayep (1995) reported 92 genera and 226 species. The family is also represented in the weeds of Egypt by 28 species (BouLos & EL-HapIp1 1989). The cytological criteria in the Asteraceae show considerable variations. Two contradicting views have been proposed with regard to the basic chromosome number in the family. So-Bric (1978) noted that x=9 is the most common basic number and proposed it as the model number of the family. However, MEHRA (1977) proposed x=5 as the basic number in the family. In 1996 Kame reported chromosome counts from 47 species of Egyptian Asteraceae and also considered x=5 the ancestral number for the whole family. He suggested that the higher numbers could have been derived from polyploidy cycles and aneuploid variations. 2 Comp. News!. 33, 1999 In the present study, chromosome numbers and detailed karyotype features of 10 Egyptian species of the Asteraceae representing four tribes in the main two subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae are reported. Materials and Methods Materials of 10 species belonging to the family Asteraceae were collected from their natural habitats. The studied species and the localities from which they were collected are given in Table 11. Vouchers of the collections are preserved in the herbarium of the Biological Sciences and Geology Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo (Egypt). Cytological preparations were carried out on root tips obtained from seeds germinated on sterile moist filter papers in Petri dishes at 15-20°C. Roots were pretreated with 0.05% colchicine solution for 3-4 hrs. and fixed in Carnoy for 24 hrs. Cytological preparations were made using the Feulgen squash method and well-spread c- metaphase chromosomes were photographed from temporary preparations at a magnification of 2000 x. Slides of the original karyotypes are also preserved in the Laboratory of Cytogenetics of the same department. A karyogram for each species was constructed by arranging the chromosomes in homologous pairs by order of their length and arm ratio as measured from the photographic prints. The number of chromosome types was determined as described by Levan et al. (1965). Measurements of chromosome lengths were taken on the same photographs of the karyogram. Karyograms are based on one plate only. The variation in chromosome length (MCL) and chromosome arm ratio (MAR) within the karyotype has been estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of these parameters. Karyotype asymmetry deduced from the ratio between the short arms of the chromosomes and their total length was expressed as total form percent (TF%) as proposed by Huzrwara (1962). Karyotype asymmetry expressed by the ratio between the chromosome arms has been also estimated as the intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A,) as suggested by RoMERO ZARCO (1986). The value of A, is framed as to be close to zero if all chromosomes are metacentric and near to one if all chromosomes are telocentric. Karyotype asymmetry due to the ratio between size of different chromosomes has been also estimated as the interchromosomal asymmetry (A,) using PEARson’s dispersion coefficient, that is the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean chromosome length (RoMERO ZaRco 1986). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 3 The existence of previous chromosome counts for the studied species has been verified in the index of plant chromosome numbers by FEeporov (1969), GoLDBLaTT (1981, 1984, 1985, 1988) and GoLpBLATr & JoHNsoN (1990, 1991, 1994, 1996). Results The summary of the cytological features of the investigated species is shown in Table 11 and the karyotypes are illustrated in Fig. 1. Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Cardueae 1 - Carduus pycnocephalus L. The examined material of this species was found to be hexaploid with a somatic chromosome number of 2n=54 and basic number of x=9. The karyotype is comprised of metacentric chromosomes in six groups. The chromosomes are short (MCL=1.34+14um), the MAR is 1.30+0.02 and TF% is 43.64. The symmetry of the karyotype is also indicated by the values of A, (0.23) and A, (0.31). Detailed measurements of this species are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Carduus pycnocephalus L. co ~T QO tn Ff WwW WL pe ni 9.98 Mean | 1.34 0.58 0.76 1.30 eg ste + as =f SE 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.02 4 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Tribe: Lactuceae 2 - Garhadiolus hedypnois (Fiscu. et Mey.) Jaus. et Sp. This species has a somatic chromosome number of 2n=12 in 6 homologous pairs. The karyotype consists of 2m and 4sm chromosome pairs. The MCL is 2.99+0.23um, the MAR is 2.07+0.29, the TF% is 34.00, the A, is 0.46 and the A, is 0.19. The detailed measurements of this species are found in Table 2. Table 2. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Garhadiolus hedypnois (Fis. et Mey.) JAus. et Sp. m sm sm sm sm m Mean | 2.99 0.02 197 2.07 BL as Ps a Bs SE 0.23 013 0.17 0.29 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 5 3 - Picris damascena Boss. et GALL. A somatic chromosome number of 2n=10 in only five homologous pairs was recorded in this species. The karyotype consists of 1m and 4sm chromosome pairs. The MCL is 2.67+0.24um, the MAR is 1.84+0.08, the TF% is 35.53, A, is 0.45 and A, is 0.20. Detailed chromosome measurements are presented in Table 3. Table 3. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Picris damascena Boiss. et GAILL. Relative R. value Chr. : oe (um) 2.06 1.54 16.72 m 1.84 1.96 21.28 sm 1.80 2.00 21.72 sm 1.89 20.52 sm 1.82 6 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 4 - Thrincia tripolitana Scu.-Br. The examined material of this species has only 2n=8 and x=4. The karyotype is comprised of 1m and 3sm pairs. The MCL is 1.90+0.16,um and the MAR is 1.89+0.29. The asymmetry of the karyotype is reflected by the values of TF%(35.00), A, (0.42) and A, (0.17). Detailed measurements are presented in Table 4. Table 4. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Thrincia tripolitana Scu.- Br. Relative _—, R. value some R. value = iI a 0. a 1 a iW a Sk 0. 16 0. 04 0. 17 0. 39 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 7 Subfamily: Asteroideae Tribe: Inuleae 5 - Anvillea garcini (Bur. f.) DC. In this species a somatic number of 2n=14 and x=7 were found. The karyotype consists of 5 pairs of metacentric chromosomes and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The MCL is 2.79+0.1 1m. The MAR is 1.66+0.21 and the TF% is 38.97. The karyotype asymmetry indices A, and A, are 0.36 and 0.11 respectively. The measurements of chromosomes are found in Table 5. Table 5. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Anvillea garcini (Burm. f.) DC. Chr. ia Relative Relative air length R. value Pp (um) ngt Total : + Mean 2.79 1.09 1.70 1.66 = af phe ae a SE 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.21 8 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 6 - Gymnarrhena micrantha Desr. A somatic chromosome number of 2n=20 in 10 homologous pairs of 1M and 9m chromosomes was recorded in this species. The calculated MCL is 1.48+0.07 um and MAR is 1.25+0.04. The TF% is 44.53, theA, is 0.19 andA, is 0.14. Chromosome measurements are found in Table 6. Table 6. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Gymnarrhena micrantha oO co nN HO A & DD WH B&B B B BOBS B B —y oO Tos | te mee Mean 1 pi 0. - 0. ce 1.25 + 0. ma 0. aa 0. aa 0.04 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 9 7 - Jasonia montana (VAHL) Borscu. The examined material of this species was found to be diploid with a somatic chromosome number of 2n=16 and a basic chromosome number of x=8. The karyotype of this species consists of 7 pairs of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of submetacentric chromosomes. The MCL is 2.09+0.15 um. The karyotype symmetry measures i.e. MAR (1.36+0.08), the TF% (42.82), A, (0.25) and the A, (0.20) indicate a high degree of symmetry in the karyotype of this species. Measurements of chromosomes are found in Table 7. Table 7. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Jasonia montana (VAHL) Borscu. Relative R. value Chr. , Chr. length Remive arm | ann |R. value Mean 2.09 0.90 1.19 1.36 + an a + as SE 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.08 Yes 10 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Tribe: Anthemideae 8 - Anthemis melampodina Dev. This species has a somatic chromosome number of 2n=18 in 9 homologous pairs. The karyotype consists of 5m, 3sm and 1st chromosome pairs. This species has the longest chromosomes of the species here studied (MCL=3.85+18um). The MAR is 1.89+0.27. The asymmetry of the karyotype of this species is also indicated by the values of TF% (37.08), A, (0.40) and A, (0.14). Detailed measurements are presented in Table 8. Table 8. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Anthemis melampodina DEL. Chr. Chr. Lone Relative arm arm |R. value R. value (yum) SON HD A FW NH = a | nee eae | ae [ro | imo 3.85 1.43 2.42 1.89 3 a = ee 0.18 0.15 0.10 0.27 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 11 9 - A. microsperma Boiss & Ky. A somatic chromosome number of 2n=18 and x=9 are also recorded in this species. The karyotype consists of 1M and 8m chromosome pairs. The chromosomes of this species are shorter than those of the previous species (MCL=2.14+0.25um). The MAR are lower, but the TF% (43.97) is higher reflecting the presence of only metacentric chromosomes in the karyotype. The karyotype symmetry is also reflected by the indices of A, andA,,, viz. 0.20 and 0.35 respectively. The detailed chromosome measurements are found in Table 9. Table 9. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Anthemis microsperma Boiss. & Ky. Chr. = Relative pair eee length (um) Chromo- some Short | Long arm arm | R. value Relative R. value on KN MN FF WY eS = 8 BB. BoB EB BLB 0.70 0.70 1.00 Raa 2. an 0. e L oe Ly a Se 0. 35 0. a 0. 14 0. 05 12 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 10 - Cotula anthemoides L. This species has a somatic chromosome number of 2n=20 in 10 homologous pairs. The karyotype is composed of 5m and 5sm chromosome pairs. The MCL is 3.00+0.20 um, MAR is 1.62+0.10 and the TF% is 37.95. The karyotype asymmetry is also indicated by A, and A, values (0.36 and 0.22 respectively). The chromosome measurements are presented in Table 10. Table 10. Measurements of somatic chromosomes of Cotula anthemoides L. wcll ReIntve: | neas oes length length arm arm | R. value (um) (um) | (um) Relative R. value a=) =. Ler | e Oo ON NHN fF WN 0 1 Mean 3.00 0.14 1.86 1.62 ue de se ot a pi SE 0.20 0.06 0.16 0.10 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 13 Discussion Of the 10 species studied of the Asteraceae from the Egyptian flora chromosome counts are observed for eight species for the first time. These new chromosome counts are recorded in; Garhadiolus hedypnois (2n=12), Picris damascena (2n=10), Thrincia tripolitana (2n=8), Gymnarrhena micrantha (2n=20), Jasonia montana (2n=16), Anthemis melampodina (2n=18), A. microsperma (2n=18) and Cotula anthemoides (2n=20). The numbers recorded for the other two species, i.e. 2n=54 in Carduus pycnocephalus and 2n=14 in Anvillea garcini, are previously reported (FeDorov 1969, GoLpBLatT & Jounson 1990, 1996 and GoLpsatr 1985, GoLpBLatr & JOHNSON 1996, resp.). In Carduus pycnocephalus 2n=18, 32, 60 and 64 are previously recorded (GoLDBLATT 1981-1988, GoLpBLatt & JoHNson 1990-1996). For Garhadiolus hedypnois 2n=10 was recorded in Feporov (1969). Also, in Cotula anthemoides 2n=36 is previously reported in Feporov (1969). Polyploidy is recorded only in Carduus pycnocephalus with 2n=54 and x=9. Karyological studies were carried out for the first time for all the studied species. The karyotype analysis of the studied species shows that Anthemis melampodina has the longest chromosomes (MCL=3.85+0.18um), whereas Carduus pycnocephalus has the shortest chromosomes (MCL=1.34+0.14,m). Four of the karyotypes studied are found to be symmetric with TF% above 40 and five with TF% above 35. The highest value of TF% (44.53) was found in Gymnarrhena micrantha, whereas the lowest (34.00) was found in Garhadiolus hedypnois. The values of the TF% for the studied species thus support previous observations (HUZIWARA 1962, MEHRA 1977 and BApDR et al. 1997) that the karyotype in the Asteraceae is symmetric. The calculated MAR and A, values are generally low in all species which is in general agreement with the assumption that the karyotype in the family is symmetric. 14 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 References Bapr, A., KAMEL, E. A. & N. Garcia-JAcas 1997. Chromosomal studies in the Egyptian flora VI. Karyotype features of some species in subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae). Comp. Newsl. 30: 15-28. Boutros, L. & M. N. Et-Hapw1 1989. The weed flora of Egypt. AUC Press, Cairo. E.-Hapm1, M. N & A. A. Fayep 1995 (eds.) Materials for excursion flora of Egypt (EFE). Taeckholmia 15: 154-178. Cairo Univ. Herbarium. Giza. Feporov, A. A. 1969. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. Academy of Scien- ces of the USSR, Leningrad. Go psarT, P. 1981. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1975-1978. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 5. Go pBLartt, P. 1984. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1979-1981. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 8. Go pBLATT, P. 1985. Index to plant chromosome numbes 1982-1983. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 13. Go.psarT, P. 1988. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1984-1985. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 23. Go.pBLatT, P. & D. E. JoHNson 1990. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1986- 1987. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30. GovpsiattT, P. & D. E. Jounson 1991. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1988- 1989. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 40. Go psiatT, P. & D. E. Jounson 1994. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1990- 199]. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 51. Go.psartT, P. & D. E. JoHNson 1996. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1992- 1993. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58. Hass1p, M. 1950. Distribution of plant communities in Egypt. Bull. Fac. Sci. Fouad I Univ. Cairo 29: 57-621. Huzrwara, Y. 1962. Karyotype analysis in some genera of Compositae. VIII. Further studies on the chromosomes of Aster. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 116-119. KaMeEL, E. A. 1996. Studies on some relationships between some taxa in the Asteraceae. Ph. D. thesis, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo. Levan, A., FrepGA, K. & A. A. SANDBERG 1965. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201-220. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 15 Menura, P. N. 1977. Cytological investigations on the Indian Compositae VI. Chromosomes and evolutionary phylogeny. Cytologia 42: 347-356. Romero-Zarco, C. R. 1986. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon 35: 526-530. Sotsric, O. T. 1978. Chromosomal cytology and evolution in the family Compositae. In: H. E. Street (ed.), Essays in plant taxonomy, Academic Press, London, New York, pp. 267-281. TACKHOLM, V. 1974. Student’s Flora of Egypt. Cairo Univ. Press, Cairo. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Table 11. Localities and cytological features of the studied taxa. Collected by E. A. Kamet; vouchers in Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. MCL=mean chromosome length MAR=mean arm ratio SE= standard error TF %=total form percent A= intrachromosomal asymmetry index A,=interchromosomal asymmetry index m=metacentric chromosome M=metacentric point chromosome sm=submetacentric chromosome st=subtelocentric chromosome Asterisks indicate new chromosome counts. 17 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 qeIy -1d BINOg/peoy Josep “XOTV — One) O10 a Hoe + 0c LO VC col 00'€ S00 S70 EOL Ax SE ple + a 8I| LOE V7 ; Sse + S6LE 4 J Sapiowmayjuv pjnio)) SPOpMMSyUY nN ro So Ne) 7 So = QD ion) + peoy yasop “XOTV — Ore) peoy zong — o1rea + _— i=) S st: i=) io.) ™~ foe) oN — TUS -udaIyeD ues -uTeaqry-TY IPEAA So Q ro) wo a S Q foe] ai + spas) 2: + 91] Sor L0'0 + 07} LOETE 81 eee 7 pl| L6OEVT |peoyzoeng—omeDd} ‘Od (J roa} 6L'C 1U1DAD8 Da]]IAUy 910 + di q-"HOSs| y LOV7 eryerey| punjyodty 06'1 qery-Iq S1nog mney Ke) co 162 44S] 00 + _ o +t i=) proy YAR — “xoTy St — i=) ON 5 eel Oo isa) 2 +t vt N +0 puaysunuuky) ve) >| ron ro) ~ Sal S N + So wo foe) an 2 +N — oo) So peoy| » TVD 19 ‘ssiog i=) N i>) val + i) a) we val io) co +40 70 + L97Z ynygey] — “xXofy | vuaospuvp $1191, €70 (‘A 19 “HOSIA) ¥ Z1| L6v'z sioudkpa 66'7 qery-1q 3inog snjoipoyavy) v10 ¥ S| L6'Y vel (uur) W01)99]]09 UV |AS"IO =: _ r=) 0) 1 ke) ig | Ke) x o S © + ioe) = fon) Oo +4N N =) Q S uP O9T peoy isy| | snjpydazouskd “XOTY - o1reD snnpivy _— om >) ise) N o + “S (sa) wt O +40 S — ovonpie AyyeooT aquiL Eeeeee betes Loe Se | ‘Oo loa) Oo ™ fo) co foe) \O ~~ Oo +N = i=) jo eq Ol ibe Le ae Hi if SS be al = a 3* Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 2 3 4 1 peers b¢ussR sparse urres 7 etunve canes atse8 as eeanes 9 eseuns + 10 = ! 2 rT Y rT ul Uy A. 3 2 3 T rT ‘1 ‘ “0 2 3 4 4 4s @s 60 av 1 2 x! 4 5 6 Z/ 5 {R 38 BB SY 8b Aw OD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 10 6 88 88 68 8 80 BB BR 88 em oF 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 i " » He Le i te 8 T T T ay, TR 3 5 3 g Y " 0 o 3. 6b 86 88 a8 10 JD dD > 796 24 AF OB Me ae oe Fig. 1. Karyotype of the studied species of the Asteraceae. (1) Carduus pycnocephalus (2) Garhadiolus hedypnois (3) Picris damascena (4) Thrincia tripolitana (5) Anvillea garcini (6) Gymnarrhena micrantha (7) Jasonia montana (8) Anthemis melampodina (9) A. microsperma (10) Cotula anthemoides Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 19 New chromosome counts for some Western Australian Gnaphalieae (Compositae) B. J. Lepscuit* Western Australian Herbarium Department of Conservation and Land Management Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983, Australia and G. J. KEIGHERY Western Australian Wildlife Research Centre Department of Conservation and Land Management PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6065, Australia Abstract Chromosome numbers for Ozothamnus ramosus (n= 14), Pithocarpa corymbulosa, P. pulchella (both n = 13), and Rhodanthe psammophila (n = 5), are reported and briefly discussed. Introduction The Gnaphalieae is among the largest tribes of the Compositae, comprising over 180 genera and 2000 species distributed throughout the world (BREMER 1994). However, unlike some other tribes of the Compositae (e.g. Heliantheae), there have been few cytological studies dealing with members of the Gnaphalieae (TURNER 1977, ANDER- BERG 1991). As part of a study of the systematics of the genus Pithocarpa LINDL. by the first author (LepscuH! 1997), chromosome numbers of all three taxa in that genus (see Table 1) as well as in Ozothamnus ramosus (DC.) Paut G. Witson and Rhodanthe psammophila Paut G. WiLson were determined. This paper presents chromosome counts for these taxa, none of which appear to have been previously recorded, apart +) Present address: Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GBP Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia *) Author for correspondence. 20 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 from R. psammophila (see under Helipterum condensatum F. MUELL., in TURNER 1970). It should be noted that O. ramosus does not belong to Ozothamnus sens. str., and will be transferred to a new genus along with a handful of other Australian species currently placed in Ozothamnus (C. F. Purrock pers. comm.). Materials and Methods Young, freshly collected buds were placed in a solution of 4 parts chloroform, 3 parts 95% alcohol and 1 part acetic acid. These were subsequently transferred to an acetocarmine stain, with meiotic material then examined after ’squashing” pollen mother cells. Counts were made using a binocular compound microscope with an oil immersion achromatic lens giving a magnification of approximately x1000, with up to five counts made per collection. All bud material was collected from wild plants in the field, except for R. psammophila, for which material was collected from plants in cultivation. Vouchers for all counts are deposited at PERTH. Results and Discussion Results obtained from this study are presented in Table 1. Taxa are arranged alphabetically. Table 1. Chromosome numbers in some Western Australian Gnaphalieae. number (n) 13 Lepscul & LALLY 2561 Ayre ae ate rc Lay 340 Ozothamnus ramosus (DC.) Paut G. WILSON Pithocarpa corymbulosa LINDL. P. pulchella Linnt. var. pulchella Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 21 The paucity of cytological studies on the Gnaphalieae unfortunately limits what inferences can be drawn from the data presented here. However, some general observations can be made. So.sric et al. (1964) and So.sric (1977) note that in the Compositae, perennial species generally have higher chromosome numbers (i.e. greater than n= 9) while annual species, particularly those from arid areas, tend to have lower chromosome numbers. Our data agrees with that of So.sric et al. (1964) and Sotsric (1977), with O. ramosus (n = 14) and Pithocarpa spp. (n = 13) being perennial species from the relatively mesic south-west of Western Australia, and with R. psammophila (n = 5) being an annual species restricted to the Carnarvon district in eremean Western Australia. Breeding systems and chromosome numbers may also show some correlation, with higher chromosome numbers (i.e. greater than n = 9), often found in outbreeding taxa in the Compositae (SoLsric 1977). Studies by the first author (Lepscui 1997), suggest that all Pithocarpa spp. are outbreeders, and the corresponding chromosome number of n = 13 for all taxa in the genus is consistent with this. The breeding systems of the other taxa included in this study have yet to be determined. Direct comparison of chromosome counts obtained for taxa in this study with those of related species is unfortunately not possible for most taxa. The only published chromosome counts for species of Ozothamnus are those reported in Hair & BEUZENBERG (1968) for seven New Zealand species (as Helichrysum spp.), all of which are n = 14. However, as mentioned above, O. ramosus does not belong in Ozothamnus sens. str., and comparison of chromosome numbers in this taxon and the New Zealand species would not be particularly meaningful at this stage, except for relationships at the generic level. Further taxonomic and cytological studies on Ozothamnus are urgently required. The count of n = 5 obtained for R. psammophila confirms that reported by TURNER (1970; as Helipterum condensatum). Rhodanthe Ln ., as presently circumscribed, is a heterogeneous assemblage (ANDERBERG 1991, P. G. WILSON pers. comm.) the members of which exhibit great variation in chromosome numbers. As with Ozothamnus, further systematic and cytological studies are needed to clarify the significance of this variation. The relationships of Pithocarpa are not clear, but the results of a recent phylogenetic study of Pithocarpa (Lepscut 1997), suggest that its closest affinities may be with taxa of the "Lawrencella complex’ of genera (sensu ANDERBERG 1991). However, Lepscu (1997) studied only a selection of the potential relatives of Pithocarpa (including Argentipallium niveum (STEETZ) PAUL G. WILSON and O. ramosus of the Lawrencella complex), and a more comprehensive sampling of taxa would be required to accurately determine the sister taxon to Pithocarpa. 22 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Data on chromosome numbers in genera of the Lawrencella complex is poor, but chromosome numbers of n = 8, 11 and c. 24 have been reported (TurNER 1970). ANDERBERG (1991) also records n = 14, but this appears to be in error. Argentipallium niveum, which appears as the sister taxon to Pithocarpa in the analysis of LEPscHI (1997) has a chromosome number of n = c. 24 (TURNER 1970; as Helipterum obtusifo- lium SOND.). Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Dave Coates and Vicki HaM_ey for laboratory facilities, and BJL wishes to thank TERENA LALLy for assistance with fieldwork. References ANDERBERG, A. A. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). Opera Bot. 104: 1-195. Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Port- land, Oregon. Har, J. B. & E. J. BEUZENBERG 1968. Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora 2. Miscellaneous families. New Zealand J. Bot. 6: 19-24. Lepscut, B. J. 1997. A taxonomic revision of Pithocarpa (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) and an assessment of its phylogeny. Unpublished Postgraduate Diploma thesis, Curtin University of Technology, Australia. Soxsric, O. T. 1977. Chromosome cytology and evolution in the family Compositae. In: Heywoop, V. H., HARBORNE, B. J. & B. L. TuRNER (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, 1. Academic Press, London, pp. 246-260. Sotsric, O. T., ANDERSON, L. C., KyHos, D. W., RAvEN, P. H. & L. RUDENBERG 1964. Chromosome numbers in Compositae V. Asterae II. Amer. J. Bot. 51: 513-519. Turner, B. L. 1970. Chromosome numbers in Compositae 12. Australian species. Amer. J. Bot. 57: 382-389. Turner, B. L. 1977. Summary of the biology of the Compositae. Jn: Heywoon, V. H., HARBorne, B. J. & B. L. TuRNER (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 1105-1119. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 23 New combinations, varieties and synonyms in African Compositae MEsFIN TADESSE Ohio State University Department of Plant Biology 1735 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1293, USA tadesse.1 @osu.edu Abstract The following notes were gathered during the writing of the account of the Compositae for the Flora of Ethiopia and while revising Bidens and Coreopsis. As the publication of the volume containing the Compositae will not be forthcoming in the near future, some new combinations, synonyms and varieties in the tribes Astereae, Cardueae, Heliantheae, Inuleae, Lactuceae and Senecioneae are provided here. Astereae 1. Conyza LEss. Conyza hypoleuca A. Ricu., Tent. Fl. Abyss., vol. 1, p. 391 (1848). Microglossa elliotii S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 327 (1902); CuFropontis, Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae, sequentia, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 37, Suppl.: 1084 (1967), synon. nov. Type: Kenya, Naivasha, Ettior 7034 (BM!, holotype). Other specimen: Kenya, Masai, ELLior 6589 (BM!). 2. Felicia Cass. Felicia abyssinica Scu. Br. ex A. Ricu., Tent. Fl. Abyss., vol. 1, p. 383 (1848). This is a polymorphic species currently known from the north-eastern parts of Sudan down to Zambia. It is made up of populations that show some variations in the density of the indumentum on various parts of the plant, size of leaves and height of the plant. These variations can be recognized as follows: 24 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 1. Peduncle, phyllaries and often also leaves with dense, capitate-glandular hairs intermixed with simple flexuous hairs ..............:csssecseseeeeees 1. var. abyssinica — Peduncle, phyllaries and leaves with simple, stiff and bristly hairs, internodes densely pilose,: white: si. 022 s.scic.Lisiipssecdcessostnasssnaaticalsadeedstesekseeeeyeeeneame ean 2 2. Leaves 5-10 (-25) x 1-2 mm; plant up to 15 cm high ............ 2. var. schimperi — Leaves 10-30 x (1-) 2-3 mm; plant 20-40 cm high........... 3. var. neghelliensis 1. var. abyssinica Felicia abyssinica subsp. abyssinica sensu Grau in Mitt. Bot. Staats. Miinch. 9: 195— 705 (1973). This variety is confined to the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea and adjacent parts of Sudan (i.e., Kassala Prov., Red Sea Hills). Selected specimens: Eritrea: Senafe, 19 Aug. 1959, Mooney 7986 (ETH, K), 11 Sept. 1954, Cotvitte 59 (K); N Sahil, 1986, Jones 107 (K); Akale Guzai, Halai, 11 May 1902, Paprt (5224) 87 (K); Saganeiti, 21 April 1892, ScHwEINFURTH & RIVA 1738 (K). Ethiopia: Tigrai, Urahut, Jan. 1839, Scuimper 1763 (K), and 813 (K); Adigrat, 20 Jan. 1963, TekLE H. Hacos 167 (ETH, K); no data, Pertr s.n. (K), QUARTIN- Ditton & Pemir s.n. (K), G. AWEKE & GILBERT 772 (ETH, K). Sudan: Red Sea Hills, Diris Pass, 10 April 1953, Jackson 2890 (K); Kassala Prov., March 1938, Cook K2 (K). 2. var. schimperi (STEUD. & Hocust. ex Jus. & SPACH) MESFIN, comb. nov. Felicia schimperi Steup. & Hocust. ex Jaus. & Spacu., Ilust. Pl. Or. 4: 86, Table 354 (1852). Type: Arabia Felix (= Yemen), Cara, SCHIMPER 858 (?B, holotype, K isotype!) Felicia abyssinica Scu. Br. ex A. Ricu. subsp. neghelliensis Grau, loc. cit. (1973), quoad specim. ex Ethiop. (p.p.), Yemen et Somalia. This variety is known from Yemen, eastern and south-central Ethiopia and Somalia. In habit, it resembles var. abyssinica but differs from it by the absence of the capitate glandular hairs. From var. neghelliensis is differs by its narrower and often smaller leaves and smaller size. Selected specimens: Ethiopia: Shewa, between Awash & Meki rivers, 1898 and 1899, WELLBY s.n. (K, two specimens); 5 km S of Meki, 26 July 1972, M.G. & S.B. Gipert & TEWOLDE 2476 (ETH, K); Keffa, Jimma, 12 Aug. 1961, BREHME in MooNEY 9088 (ETH, K); Hararge, Diredawa, Dec. 1957, Iecama A-8 (K); Garamuletta, 5 May1960, Iecama H-37 (K); Jijiga, 24 July 1959, SANDFoRD in Mooney 7957 (K). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 25 3. var. neghelliensis (Curop.) MEsFIN, comb. nov. Felicia neghelliensis Curop., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 50: 104 (1943), Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae, sequentia. - Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 37, Suppl.: 1083 (1967); F. abyssinica Scu. Br. ex A. Ricu. subsp. neghelliensis (Curop.) Grau, 1973: 404. Type: Ethiopia, [Sidamo], Neghelli, Corrapr 1952, 1957, 1967, 1968, 1999 and 2000 (?FT, syntypes). CuFopontis (1943) cited the above specimens when he described the taxon. In 1967, he substituted ’Curopontis 166 (Neghelli, 10 km Malca-Guba versus)” for the above types but gave no explanation. ?F. hyssopifolia sensu Curop., loc. cit. (1967) non (BERG.) NeEEs (1822), quoad Bur- GER 1722 et 3056. Selected specimens: Ethiopia: Sidamo, 25 m. W of Neghelle, Cure Liban, 21 Sept. 1953, BALLy 9297 (EA); 33 km on Negelle-Filtu road, 20 May 1982, Frus et al. 3129 (ETH, K), 35 km on Negelle-Filtu road, 2 Nov. 1972, Frus et al. 921 (ETH, K); 16 km NNE of Yavello, 13 May 1976, Gipert & JEFFoRD 4469 (ETH, K); 13 km on Megado-Mega track, 25 May 1986, MEsFIN & VOLLESEN 4332 (ETH, K). Somalia: Erigavo, 26 Jan. 1945, GLover & GILLILAND 657 (K); Tabah Pass, road from Erigavo to Mait, 31 July 1957, NEwBouLb 783 (K); Hargeissa, Oct. 1961, HEm- MING 2242 (K); Gah Libah, 3 Nov. 1956, Batty 11307 (EA). Kenya: (K1): NEwBouLp 3529 (K), (K3): BoGDAN 3685 (K), NEWBOULD (3304); (K4): GiLBERT 6089 (K), NAPIER 2408 (K). Cardueae 1. Carduus L. Carduus macracanthus Scu. Br. EX KAsMI Carduus macracanthus KasMi, Mitt. Bot. Staats. Miinchen 5: 164 (1983), nom. non rite publ.; C. macracanthus Scu. Br. in SCHWEINF. & ASCHERS., Beitr. Fl.Aethiop.: 283 (1867), in OLIVER & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 434 (1877), in Fries, Acta Horti Berg. 8: 35 (1925), nom.nud. Type: Ethiopia, ScHmper 51 (G holotype; B, K! P, isotypes). OLIVER & Hiern (1877) recorded Carduus macracanthus Scu. Br. as a doubtful and unknown species, doubtful because they saw only ”a single involucral bract with a pinnatifid spine, lent from the Berlin Herbarium’’. Recent specimens of the species, collected from high mountains (between 3950 - 4000 m) in Ethiopia, have confirmed its existence and it can be distinguished from close relatives by its wider (2.5-3.5 mm 4* 26 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 at base versus less than 2 mm) phyllaries with sharply laciniate (versus entire or hispid) margins and its dense white-woolly pubescence. Specimens: Ethiopia: W. DE Wipe 9187 (K), HepBerG 5623 (ETH, K, UPS), MesFIN:_T. 7837 (ETH). Heliantheae 1. Guizotia Cass. In a recent cytological study on Guizotia, KIFLE DAGNE & HENEEN (1992) and KIFLE Dacne (1994,1995) showed that G. schimperi Scu. Birr. ex WALP. (given in their paper as G. scabra subsp. schimperi) is closer to G. abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. than to G. scabra (Vis.) Cuiov. (given as G. schimperi subsp. scabra). The latter species is also found to be more closely related to G. villosa Scu. Bir. ex WALP. than to G. schimperi. The study, which included material from wild populations for a number of the spe- cies, revealed ”... three groups [of species] indicating possible phylogenetic relationships’. KIFLE DaGnE (1995: 133) also stated that ’on the basis of chromosome morphology, ... the Chelelu population (i.e., G. schimperi from Shewa in Ethiopia) seems to be more related to G. abyssinica and G. scabra subsp. schimperi’. The individuals representing this population, which were collected from a riverine habitat, were also suggested to be the progenitors of G. scabra subsp. schimperi (= G. schimperi). In the same work, the earlier hypothesis by BAacoe (1974) i. e., that G. abyssinica might have been derived either from an unknown wild progenitor or from G. scabra subsp. schimperi, was also reiterated. K1FLE DAGNE (1995: 134), who also studied wild populations of typical G. scabra (from Ketcha in Bale region, Ethiopia) found that these populations are’... generally similar to those of G. scabra subsp. scabra.” The present author has also studied the morphology of some wild populations of G. scabra and G. schimperi, and it appears that the differences between them are concealed by the presence of a large number of individuals with intermediate features. These intermediates are weedy plants and are often encountered in and around cultivated fields. They may be annual or perennial plants with variable foliar and capitular features. When the collections made of such populations represent annual plants, they are often identified, in herbaria, as G. scabra subsp. schimperi. Often these plants grow with annual crops such as Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotr., Guizotia abyssinica, etc., in Ethiopia. When left growing in the fields or at the margins, some of these weedy plants perennate, and, if collected in this state, the specimens are determined as G. scabra subsp. scabra. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 27 In these taxa, the question is not that of incipient speciation, as believed by BAAGOE (1974), but that of continuous hybridization probably accompanied by backcrosses between the two well defined species, G. scabra and G. schimperi. Although the studies by KirLe Dacne and W. K. HENEEN (loc. cit.) are not conclusive about the extent of hybridization within Guizotia, KIFLE DaGneg, in particular (1994:127) wrote, ”in view of the rather high level of crossability among the present taxa, it is very probable that introgression can take place between any two of these taxa whenever they happen to grow together.” Consequent to these studies, it becomes necessary to recognize the two taxa as distinct species. Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Cutov., Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 184 (1904). Guizotia scabra subsp. scabra sensu BAaGoE, Bot. Tidsskr. 69: 25 (1974), synon. nov. Type: Sudan, Fazokel, Tumad, Kassa, Korscuy 501 (FI lecto.; K!, W!). Guizotia schimperi Scu. Br. ex WALP., Rep. Bot. Syst. 6: 158 (1846). Guizotia scabra subsp. schimperi (Scu. Bip. ex A. RIcH.) BAAGOE, loc. cit. (1974), synon. nov. Type: Ethiopia, near Adwa, Scuimper 401 (TUB lecto.; BM!, K! W!). Sigesbeckia somalensis S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 342 (1902), synon. nov. Type: Somalia, Sheik Mahomet, 30 Oct. 1894, DoNALDsoN-SMITH 226 (BM! holo.). The achenes and corolla of S. somalensis are typical of G. schimperi. 2. Aspilia THouaARS Aspilia was recently formally merged” with Wedelia Jaca., by RoBINSON (1992). He did this based on the description of the type genus, A. thouarsii A. DC. (1836) from Madagascar, given by Humsert (1963). In a cladistic analysis of morphological features, Karis (1993) found that Wedelia and Aspilia are sister taxa. In Wedelia, he included only American taxa. Elaiosomes, characteristic of the achene bases of Wedelia, Aspilia and Exomiocarpon LAWALREE, were among the characters used in the analysis. Exomiocarpon is an endemic genus to Madagascar diagnosed by 1-5, neuter ray florets and kidney-shaped elaiosomes (BREMER1994). BREMER (op. cit., p. 572) accepted the inclusion of Aspilia in Wedelia but retained Exomiocarpon. Others working on the flora of the Americas have also accepted this treatment (cf. TURNER 1992). Prior to this, STROTHER (1991), working on the North American species of Aspilia and Wedelia, and McVaucu (1984), on the flora of part of Mexico, expressed difficulties in separating the American species of 28 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Aspilia from Wedelia. Consequently, STROTHER (op. cit.) included all the American species of Aspilia in Wedelia. About the African species, he wrote some, perhaps all, African species named in Aspilia, may belong within my circumscription of Wedelia’’. TURNER (op. cit.) transferred the South American species of Aspilia to Wedelia and regarding the African species, he wrote that the transfer ”’... should be left to a worker specializing on that region”. On the question of the identity of this two genera, WILD (1965), working on the Flora Zambesiaca area, wrote, ’the only genuine species of Wedelia occurring in Africa is considered to be Wedelia trilobata ...’ and kept Aspilia as an African/Madagascan genus. Recently, Wedelia trilobata (L.) A. Hircu. was removed from Wedelia and made the type of Complaya STROTHER (1991). Other western hemisphere genera of Heliantheae which are represented either by ornamental plants or by various introductions in Africa are Cosmos Cav., Coreopsis L., Glossocardia Cass., Chrysanthellum Ricu., Helianthus L., etc. Aspilia and Wedelia share a number of features, some of which are extremely variable even within a species, e.g., colour of anther appendages. Traditionally Wedelia has been distinguished from Aspilia by its pistillate and fertile ray florets, obtusely angled achenes, and cup-shaped (coroniform) awnless or short-awned achenes (BENTHAM 1873). This distinction was, however, abondoned by African synantherologists, e.g. Apams (1963), WiLD (1965). Currently it is believed that there are solid differences” between Aspilia and Wedelia, especially in such characters as number of series in the involucre (only 2 in Wedelia, more in Aspilia with the outer series being foliaceous), anther cylinder (black in Aspilia), achene morphology, etc. (N. Hinp, G. Pore and H. BEENTIE at Kew, pers. comm.). The present author agrees with the view that the genera should be kept separate until the type specimen (if extant) is examined or material from the type locality is collected and further studied. Besides, Aspilia in Africa has also been confused with another African genus, Guizotia. The sexual condition of the ray florets (pistillate versus neuter), which is variable in many genera of the Compositae, should not continually be employed as the main criterion of distinction between Aspilia and Wedelia. Consequently, the following synonymy is established within Aspilia. Aspilia africana (Pers.) ADAMs subsp. magnifica (Cuiov.) WILD, Kirkia 6: (1966). Aspilia congoensis S. Moore, Journ. Bot. 58: 45 (1920), synon. nov. Type: Zaire, upper Uili, LAcoMBLEY 67 (BM holo.). Aspilia africana is a widespread species in Africa and it exhibits wide variation in foliar and capitular features. Populations from West Africa (A. africana subsp. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 29 africana) have smaller capitula and their paleae are often obtuse or acute; however, some material, e. g., JEFFREY 321 from Gabon, has long acuminate paleae, while Morton 6642 and 8052 (from Ghana) have shortly caudate-acuminate paleae. So far, A. africana subsp. magnifica is known from Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Zaire and Angola. 3. Bidens L. Bidens kirkii (Oxtv. & Hiern) SHERFF, Bot. Gaz. 59: 309 (1915). Coreopsis curtisii SHERFF, Bot. Gaz. 96: 146 (1934), synon. nov. Type: A cultivated plant grown from seeds obtained from Angola by RICHARD C. Curtis (F, holotype’). Previously (MEsFIN 1993), C. curtisii was kept as an imperfectly known species and it was referred, following the description provided by SHERFF (1936), to B. oligoflora (Kiatt) Wip. The type of C. curtisii was recently examined and it clearly belongs to B. kirkii. Inuleae 1. Blumea DC. Blumea dregeanoides Scu. Br. ex A. Ricu., Tent. Fl. Abyss., vol.1, p. 392 (1848). Type: Ethiopia, near Ferrokoba, ScHimpER 633 (P syn., K! isosyn.), Wogera, Schimper 1297 (P syn., S! isosyn.); Chire, QUARTIN-DILLON s.n. (P syn.); Choa, Petir s.n. (P syn., K! isosyn.). Blumea molllis (D. Don) MErr. (1910), synon. nov. Type: Nepal, WALLICH s.n. (BM holo). Lactuceae 1. Dianthoseris Scu. Br. ex A. RIcu. Dianthoseris schimperi Scu. Br. ex A. Ricu., Tent. Fl. Abyss., vol.1, p. 468 (1848). Nannoseris inopinata Curop., Stuttg. Beitr. Natur. 195: 7 (1968), synon. nov. Type: Ethiopia, Amba Ras & Buahit, 3600 m, 9 Nov. 1966, SEBALD 1046 (STU, holotype!). Nannoseris inopinata was differentiated from D. schimperi (sub N. schimperi) based on leaf size and features of the margins, involucre size and pubescence, receptacle pubescence, ligule-tube ratio of the ligulate florets and the pappus, which was given 30 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 as 10 mm long. As provided, it falls within the range of variation of D. schimperi. Examination of the typer revealed no other distinctive features either. Selected specimens: Ehtiopia: Gonder, Semien, Geech, 15 Oct. 1973, HEepBERG & G. AwEKE 5360 (ETH, K. UPS). Mt. Buahit, Scummper 755 (BM, K). Bale, Sanetti, 2 Nov. 1984, Frus et al. 3715 (ETH, K, UPS). Gojam, Choke mts., Mt. Birhan, 28 Aug. 1957, Evans & Hitur 335 (BM, K). Note: Leaves in HEDBERG & G. AWEKE 5360 are pinnatilobed. The inner pappus are c. 10 mm long. Senecioneae 1. Senecio L. Senecio schultzii Hocust. ex A. Ricu., Tent. Fl. Abyss., vol. 1, p. 444 (1848). This species is endemic to high mountains in Ethiopia. Two forms, recognizable only by the degree of pubescence of the leaves and phyllaries, are known from about the same mountain massif in southern Ethiopia. Until a better evidence that suggests otherwise is obtained, these are recognized here as varieties of the same species and they can be differentiated as follows: Leaves, stems and phyllaries sparsely to densely pubescent............. 1. var schultzii Leaves, stems and phyllaries thinly to densely white tomentose to woolly .......... Pilates ey RS aR ed. Sole eadtebna iat eG Ok te ls ie 2. var. lanatus 1. var. schultzii Type: Ethiopia, Buahit, Scuimper 1278 (P holotype; BM!, LE!, K! isotypes). This variety is known from afro-alpine meadows and Erica arborea scrub at altitu- des between 3270 m and 4050 m from Gondo (GD), Gojam (GJ), Wello (WU), Shewa (SU), Arssi (AR), Bale (BA) and Gamo Gofa (GG) regions in Ethiopia. Selected specimens: Ethiopia: Gonder, Sermien, 19 Oct. 1973, HEDBERG & G. AWEKE 5488 (ETH, K, UPS). Gojam, Mt. Birhan, 21 Aug. 1957, Evans & HILuier 556 (BM, K). Shewa, Ankober, 26 June 1971, Aso 1017 (K) . Arsi, Mt. Chilalo, 21 Dec. 1953, Mooney 5199 (ETH, K); Mt. Cacca, 25 Dec. 1953, Mooney 5286 (ETH, K). Bale, 31 km on Goba-Dello Mena Road, Frus et al. 3401 (ETH, K). Gamo Gofa, Gughe highlands, Mt. Yola, 15 Dec. 1948, Scorr 138 (K). 2. var. lanatus OTteENO & MESFIN, var. nov., a var. schultzii foliis et phyllariis albido tomentosis differt. Typus: Ethiopia, Bale, Batu, 4150 m, 17 Dec. 1959, Mooney 8332 (ETH, holotype; K isotype). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 31 S. schultzii var. A sensu OTrENO & MEsFin, Comp. Newsl. 20/21: 24 (1992). This variety is similar to var. schultzii except for the dense or matted white or silvery hairs on the leaves and often also on the peduncles and phyllaries. It is so far known only from Afro-alpine meadows in the Bale Mountains at altitudes between 3900 m and 4375 m. Selected specimens: Ethiopia: Bale, Tullu Deemtu, 1 Nov. 1973, HepBERG 5616 (ETH, K, UPS); 31 km on Goba-Dello Menna road, 24 Oct. 1984, Frus et al. 3409 and 3412 (ETH, K, UPS); Sannetti plateau and Mount Batu, 8 Nov. 1982, ANDER- BERG 1695 (ETH); 29 Sept. 1982, Purr, ENsERMu, Dawe & Epwarps 820929-1/7 (ETH); Tullu Deemtu, 8 June 1986, MEsrIN T. 4378 and 4406 (ETH). Note: Mooney 8322A was collected from Bale, Sanetti plateau, at 4150 m, probably the same location as Mooney 8332, but it belongs to var. schultzii. Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Curators and Directors of the herbaria mentoned for either loaning specimens or for on the spot studies. References Apams, C. D. 1963. Compositae - Jn: Hepper F. N. (ed.), Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2 (2): 225—297. London. BaaGOoE, J. 1974. The Genus Guizotia (Compositae) - A Taxonomic Revision. Bot. Tidssk. 69: 1-39. BenTHAM, G. 1873. Compositae. - Jn: BENTHAM, G. & J. D. HooKEr, Genera Plantarum 2 (1): 163-533. London. Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae. Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Curopontis, G. 1943. Note di Floristica Africana (IV). Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 50: 100-120. Curopontis, G. 1967. Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae, sequentia. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 37, Suppl.: 1115-1193. Humesert, H. 1963. Composées. - In: Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Vol. 3: 623-911. Paris. 32 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Karis, P. O. 1993. Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae), clades and classification. Pl. Syst. Evol. 188: 139-195. KirLe Dacne, 1994. Meiosis in interspecific hybrids and genomic interrelationships in Guizotia Cass. (Compositae). Hereditas 121: 119-129. Kirte Dacne, 1995. Karyotypes, C-banding and nucleolar numbers of Guizotia (Compositae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 195: 121-135. Kirte Dacne & W. K. HENEEN 1992. The karyotype and nucleoli of Guizotia abyssinica (Compositae). Hereditas 117: 73-83. McVaueu, R. 1984. Compositae. Jn: ANDERSON, W. R. (ed.), Flora Novo-Galici- nana, vol. 12, Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. TApEssE, MEsFIn 1993. An account of Bidens (Compositae: Heliantheae) for Africa. Kew Bull. 48 (3): 437-516. Otver, D. & W. D. Hiern 1877. Flora of Tropical Africa, Compositae 3: 253-461. London. Rosinson, H. 1992. New combinations in Elaphandra Strother (Ecliptinae- Heliantheae-Asteraceae). Phytologia 72 (2): 144-151. Suerrr, E. E. 1936. Revision of the genus Coreopsis. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 11 (6): 279-475. StROTHER, J. L. 1991. Taxonomy of Complaya, Elaphandra, logeton, Jefea, Wamalchitamia, Wedelia, Zexmenia, and Zyzyxia (Compositae-Heliantheae- Ecliptinae). Syst. Bot. Monographs 33: 1-111. Turner, B. L. 1992. New names and combinations in New World Wedelia (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). Phytologia 72 (5): 389-395. Wip, H. 1965. The African species of the genus Aspilia Thouars. Kirkia 5: 1-17. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 33 A study of Vernonia coerulea KOSTER in Sumba Island, Indonesia SyAMSUL HipayaT Indonesian Institute of Sciences Botanic Gardens of Indonesia P.O.Box 379, Bogor 16003, Indonesia Abstract Vernonia coerulea Koster (Compositae) is an endemic species in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara. The characteristics, habitat and potential of this species were recorded on a botanical expedition to Luku Melolo forest, Sumba, in 1997-1998. It was found that V. coerulea grows well only in a limited area. The major threats to the species are competition with many introduced species and human activities. Introduction Vernonia (Compositae, tribe Vernonieae) is a large and heterogeneous genus which includes herbs, shrubs, trees and vines. Despite its worldwide distribution and large number of species (possibly 500, cf. BREMER 1994, KEELEY & TURNER 1990) Vernonia is still a poorly known genus. Several species are distributed in the Indonesian archipelago and some of them are endemic. Vernonia coerulea is one of these, being endemic to Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Vernonia coerulea is a species neglected by botanists and horticulturists. Koster (1935) described the species, but provided only very limited information. The spe- cies grows only in Sumba island which has some different characteristics of habitat compared to other islands in Indonesia. The aim of the expedition was to collect detailed information on its habitat and potential, and to find out the solution for its conservation. Methods The investigatons were conducted at Luku Melolo Forest Protection, Sumba Island, in November 1997 and May 1998. Cy 34 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Interview with indigenous people was undertaken for collecting information of habitat and possible role in their social life. Some plots were made in the forest area to measure the range of ecological factors and inventory the associated species. Herbarium material was also examined including dissection of material under a binocular microscope. Results A. Description Shrub or small tree, 1-2 m high with strong adventitious roots. Stem terete, 0.5— 2 cm in diameter, with greenish white hard wood; old bark brown, thin with rough dots and sears of broken branches, young bark soft green, with grooves. Leaves spiral, alternate, simple, sessile-subsessile, rhomboid-elliptic—lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2-11 cm x 0.8-3.2 cm, pale green, apex acute; base attenuate; margin undulate to crenate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose; capitulum discoid, phyllaries 3-seriate, green; pedicels 1-10 mm; young disc-florets white becoming blue or violet; corolla tube 3 mm, 5-lobed, glabrous; anther-base sagittate, apex obtuse, filament 2-3 mm; style arms filiform, 0.5—1 mm; pappus barbellate, white, 3-5 mm; achene cylindrical, black, 1-2 mm, with a glandular carpopodium at the base. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 B. Ecological Data Association species of Vernonia coerulea in Luku Melolo Forest Species A (Ground cover))} Flemingia strobilifera Hyptis pectinata Cassia pumila Indigofera trifoliata Oxalis corniculata | Phylanthus sp. Urena lobata ___Heteropogonsp. B (high < 1m) Glochidion rubrum Ficus septica Desmodium gangeticum a =, Elephantopus scaber Eupatorium riparium Nauclea sp. Pteris exaltata idaieees ae tn teh ane 5 aa aoe Stachytarpheta cayennensis ae ae Eupatorium odoratum ar nied aa Imperata cylindrica Hsertdetaca fy stars bed Strobilanthes sp. (ei labeca Miscocarpus pentapetalus 0.10 5 Ventilago microcarpa Micromelum minutum Lagerstroemia sp. Lantana camara 35 Bee Cover area (%) 0.40 5-25 0.10 3 0.10 5, 0.10 3 0.20 1 0.10 15 0.10 1 0.10 50 0.10 10 0.10 iS) 0.10 5 0.10 5 al 0.10 5 0.10 5 0.20 5-10 0.10 10 0.40 25-50 0.70 25-50 0.60 2-50 0.10 10 0.10 y 0.10 5 0.30 0.20 5-10 Based on Law of Frequency, the vegetation is Normal Distribution (Misra 1980). 36 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Abiotic Factors of Vernonia coerulea re [te ewe C. Ethnobotanical data Indigenous people of Luku Melolo commonly use leaves of ’tandai lapua’ (Vernonia coerulea) for curing of the tropical thrush and cough. The preparation is the following: The leaves are crashed and chewed for a few minutes or the leaves are squeezed to a drink (+ 1 tea spoon); the taste is rather bitter, so overdoze is avoided. Discussion Vernonia coerulea is an important narrowly endemic species in biodiversity and taxonomy, and because of its beautiful flower it has a potential as an ornamental plant. The leaves are useful for medical treatment, especially herbal medicine for tropical thrush. Like many other Compositae, Vernonia coerulea grows well in open areas. However, it needs special habitats for supporting its normal growth. It grows better in bushland than in grasslands or dense rain forests. It grows mainly as single individuals on lime stone areas with bushland. The plants may reach 2 m in height and produce many regular branches under suitable conditions, especially in areas with thin manure and less water content of soil. Chromolaena odorata and Stachytarpheta cayennensis are found as main competitors of V. coerulea. This is clearly observed on the growth of these three species in the rainy season. V. coerulea grows well only in areas where the two other species do not occur. It is also found in grassland areas particularly under shady plants like Schleichera oleosa and Timonius flavescens. In such areas Ageratum conyzoides is another Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 37 competitor to young plants of V. coerulea.It is rarely found in the mixed rain forest. Conclusion Development of the uses of V. coerulea is needed. Conservation of this species could be done by alternative developments such as living fences and using it for revegetation. Acknowledgements I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. I. P. Asrut1 and Dr E. Munawarou for their help and good cooperation during the fieldwork. I would also like to thank Mr. HENDRIAN who helped to arrange this paper. References Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics & Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. KEELEY, S. C. & B. L. Turner 1990. A Preliminary Cladistic Analysis of The Genus Vernonia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. (Suppl. 4.): 45-66. Koster, J. H. 1935. The Compositae of The Malay Archipelago 1. Vernonieae and Eupatorieae. N. V. Boek en Steendrukkerij Eduard Ijdo, Leiden. Misra, K. C. 1980. Manual of Plant Ecology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. 38 Fig. 1. Vernunw coerulea KosTER Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 39 New records of Fulcaldea (Compositae- Barnadesieae) and the importance of local herbaria for floristic inventory in the tropics Bertit STAHL Department of Botany University of Goteborg Box 461, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden Gwitym P. Lewis Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, England BenTE B. KiuitGAARD Department of Systematic Botany University of Aarhus Nordlandsvej 68, DK 8240 Risskov, Denmark PaB_o Lozano Carpio Herbario LOJA Universidad Nacional de Loja Casilla 11-01-249, Loja, Ecuador Abstract Several new collection records of Fulcaldea laurifolia from Ecuador and Peru are presented, showing that the species, and thus the genus, is less rare than previously thought. The study also implies that small local herbaria may play an important role in the exploration of tropical floras. 40 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Introduction The genus Fulcaldea Por. consists of a single, highly characteristic species, F. laurifolia (H. & B.) Por. ex Less., endemic to the dry zones of western and southern Ecuador and northern Peru (HARING 1991, BRAKo & ZARUCCHI 1993). The species forms small, evergreen trees with a well demarcated trunk, a much-branched crown, and coriaceous, 3-veined leaves. The capitula are single-flowered and arranged in dense synflorescences at the end of the branches (Fig. 1). The pappus bristles, which are longer than the corolla, are plumose and have a pale pinkish tinge, giving the synflorescences and indeed the whole flowering tree a pinkish tinge. Fulcaldea is probably most closely related to Barnadesia, a mainly Andean genus of some 25 species. It differs from that genus by its single-flowered capitula and by having the style distinctly swollen below the lobes (Fig. 2), two features unique in the subfamily Barnadesioideae (BREMER 1994). According to BREMER (1994), Fulcaldea differs also from Barnadesia in having ecaudate anthers (vs. caudate), endothecial tissue with radial thickenings (vs. without thickenings), and in pollen morphology. For his treatment of Fulcaldea for Flora of Ecuador, HARLING (1991) only saw three collections, i.e. the type collected by HumBo.pr and BonpLanp in the Loja Province in 1802, and two collections from the coastal province of Manabi made in 1893 and 1955. Because of this, HARLING stated that’ Fulcaldea laurifolia is apparently a rare species”. Recent field work has revealed that F. laurifolia occurs in great numbers at certain localities, both in the Loja Province (pers. obs.) and in the Machalilla Reserve (C. JossE, pers. com.) in the province of Manabi. Distribution and ecology Fulcaldea laurifolia is distributed (Fig. 3) in the coastal lowlands of the Manabi Province (50—150 m alt.) and in the uplands of southern Ecuador and northern Peru (650—1850 m alt.). It grows in dry deciduous forests, but at most localities these forests are now degraded because of logging and grazing, the latter mainly by goats and donkeys. Despite the difference in altitude the disjunct distribution is not unexpected considering the climatic similarity of these two areas. Furthermore, there are many other woody plants occurring in both areas (e.g. Achatocarpus pubescens, Bursera graveolens, Ceiba trischistandra, Cordia lutea), although most of these have much larger total distributions. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 4] The species flowers from March through September, typically the driest period of the year. Collections of Fulcaldea ECUADOR. Manabi: Jama, 5 km from Pedernales, 50 m, 80°14’ W, 00°10’S, CorngEJo s.n. (GUAY). El Recreo, 80°27’ W, 00°29’N, 1897, Eccers 14944 (GB, K). San Vicente, 1935, AspLUND 16595 (K, S). Machalilla National Park, Rio Pifias, 80° 41’ W, 1° 39’S, 150 m, 28 Jul 1994, Jossz 1063 (AAU, GB). Loja: 3-6 km N of Sozoranga on road to Tumbanuma, southern slope above Suquinda stream, 79°47’ W, 4°19’S, 1600-1700 m, 18 Sep 1989, Munpay & Matponapo 001 (QCNE). 5 km from Catacocha on road to San Vicente, 79°39’ W, 4°6’S, 2000 m, 26 July 1990, JorGENSEN et al. 92152 (AAU). 5 km from Catacocha on road to Loma Quemada, 79°36’312” W, 4°6’95”’S, 1600 m, 16 Apr 1996, Lewis et al. 2247 (AAU, K, LOJA, QCA, QCNE). Sozoranga outskirts, 1 km along track to Utuafia, 79°47’ W, 4°20’S, 1700 m, 5 Mar 1997, Lewis & Lozano 3038 (AAU, K, LOJA, QCNE). Km 2 on road Sozoranga- Yaramine, 1750 m, 79°48’ W, 4°18’S, 14 June 1997, Kiircaarp, STAHL et al. 203 (AAU, LOJA, K). Sozoranga, km 4 along track from Sozoranga-Macard road to the El Tundo Reserve, 1850 m, 79°49’ W, 4°19’S, 19 Aug 1997, Lewis et al. 3497 (AAU, K, LOJA, QCA, QCNE). Near Sozoranga on road to Suquinda, 1500 m, 79°48’ W, 4°22’S, Lozano et al. 299 (LOJA). Yamana, 79°40’ W, 3°59’S, Aug 1976, Vivar 871 (LOJA). La Vega Grande, 79°32’25” W, 4°5’16”S, 27 May 1982, Vivar 1568 (LOJA). PERU. Piura: Prov. Ayabaca, 18 km above Puente Tandopa (Rio Quiroz) on road to Ayabaca, 1700 m, 24 Sep 1964, Hutcuison & Wricut 6685 (K, NY). Prov. Huancabamba, La Afiladera, 650 m, 12 Sep 1981, Lopez & Sacastecut! 8774 (NY). Vernacular names and uses The common name for this species in the Loja province is ’guayache”’ (’’guallache’”’), whereas on the coast it is known under the name of ’’sobretana’”’. The wood is strong and in southern Ecuador the species is used in house construction, especially as roof support, and as fence posts. Remarks The present investigation shows that Fulcaldea laurifolia is less rare than was previously thought. In fact, it is locally abundant, both near Sozoranga and in the Machalilla Reserve, and is at certain places one of the most common woody species. 42 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 The results also have some important implications for tropical floristic inventory in general. Firstly, the importance of local herbaria and locally based collection program- mes cannot be underestimated. The LOJA herbarium has grown and developed con- siderably during the last 10 years and is now a very important resource for botanical investigations in southern Ecuador. The same can be said about the small but quickly growing herbarium in Guayaquil (GUAY), which now houses important collections from the Ecuadorian coast. Secondly, the flowering period of Fulcaldea laurifolia, March through September, is no doubt undercollected in general. Most older collections have been made by European and North American botanists visiting the tropics in the northern hemisphere winter time. Local collection programmes unbiased by ’winter vacations” will certainly reveal many new records in the future. Acknowledgement We thank CARMEN Josse for providing information on Fulcaldea in the Machalilla Reserve. References Brako, L. & J. L. Zaruccui 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae. Cladistics and classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Har.inc, G. 1991. Compositae-Mutisieae. In: Flora of Ecuador 42. (eds. G. HARLING & L. Anpersson), Berlings, Arl6v. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 1. Fulcaldea laurifolia. A habit, flowering branch (x 1/6, Lewis et al. 3497); B stem with spines (x 1/3, Vivar 1568). Del. G. Lewis. 43 44 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 2. Fulcaldea laurifolia. A single flower (x 2); B longitudinal section of ovary and pappus (x 2.5); C corolla (x 3.25); D developing achene and pappus (x 2); E style tip and stigma (x 10); F longitudinal section of achene apex (x 8.5; 0 = ovary, n = nectary, s = style); G anther (x 7). (Lewis et al. 3497). Del. G. Lewis. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 45 Ecuador Fig. 3. Distribution of Fulcaldea laurifolia. 46 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 The family Asteraceae in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh, India MauenprA Ral & DEEPAK ACHARYA Department of Botany Danielson College Chhindwara 480 001 (M.P.) India and BerTIL NORDENSTAM Department of Phanerogamic Botany Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden email: bertil.nordenstam@nrm.se Abstract The present paper enumerates 57 species belonging to 43 genera of the Asteraceae family occurring in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh. Parthenium is found to be the dominant genus because of one obnoxious weedy species, while Blumea is represented by the maximum number of species. On the other hand, Sigesbeckia was recorded from Tamia only. Many species of Asteraceae are used in medicine, including several species mentioned here. Introduction Asteraceae is one of the largest families of vascular plants with almost 25,000 species and over 1500 genera. The family is well represented in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India, there are 1052 species under 177 genera (Rao et al. 1988). They are distributed along river banks, sea coasts, cultivated fields and also in alpine regions of the Himalayas. Commercially, the family is important as some plants like sunflower and safflower are the source of oil, many of them are useful in medicine, and some of them are ornamental. To date, there is no published record of Asteraceae flora form Chhindwara. Therefore, it was felt desirable to carry out an extensive survey of the plants of this family in this region. Periodical surveys for collection of Asteraceous plants were made during Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 47 1997 to 1998. The vouchers of specimens have been deposited in the Department of Botany of Danielson College. Areas and Methods The areas of the district Chhindwara that have been explored include: Pataalkot, Tamia, Junnardeo, Damua, Parasia, Bhanadehi, Atarwada, Pandurna, Sausar, Rama- kona, Sillewani-Ghats, Chhindi, Kukrakhapa, Bhartadeo, Rohna, Chhindwara, Karaboh-Dam, etc. Besides, regions which are out of the district but are situated in suburbs of Chhindwara were also explored. These are Saoner (Maharastra), Chhapara, Matkuli and Pachmarhi. It was found that a number of species exist here, some of which have been identified and included in the present communication, while others are still in the process of identification. The list of the plants is presented in alphabetical order. The accepted name of the species is followed by flowering and fruiting period (Fl & Fr), and the nomenclature has been updated according to BENNeT (1987). Comments on distribution and weediness are also given. Systematic Enumeration hs Acanthospermum hispidum DC., Prodr. 5: 522, 1836; R. R. Rao et al., Fl. Ind. Enum. Aster. 1, 1988. Fl & Fr: Jul/Oct Distribution: Widely distributed in Chhindwara, Bhartadeo, Chandangaon, Imlikheda, Umaranala, Sillewani-Ghat, Parasia, Atarwada, Tamia, Junnardeo, Bhanadehi, etc. 2 Ageratum conyzoides L., Sp. Pl. 839, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 243,1881. Fl & Fr: May/Dec Distribution: Throughout Chhindwara Dist. viz., Chandagaon, Badwan, Kundipura, Kukda, Bhanadehi, Atarwada, Parasia, Tamia, etc., particularly on wasteland. 3S: Amberboa ramosa (RoxB.) Jorri in Scientist 3: 29, 1959. Carduus ramosus Roxs., Hort Bengal. 101, 1814; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 407, 1832. Fl & Fr: Jul/Feb Distribution: Occurs as a weed in cultivated fields and wastelands in Bhanadehi, 48 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Tamia, Patalkot, Karaboh. 4. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Mrrr. & SHERRF in Bot. Gaz. 88: 293, 1929. Coreopsis biternata Lovr., Fl. Cochinch. 508, 1708. Bidens pilosa auct. non L.; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 309, 1881. Fl & Fr: Aug/Jan Distribution: Common as a weed in wastelands of Chandangaon, Parasia, Jamai, and Chhindwara proper etc. 5. Blainvillea acmella (L.) Porson in Blumea 6: 350, 1950. Verbesina acmella L., Sp. Pl. 901, 1753. Blainvillea latifolia (L. F.) DC. ex Wicut, Contr. Bot. Ind. 71, 1834; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 305, 1881. Fl & Fr: Apr/Nov Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhartadeo, Chandangaon, Tamia, Patalkot. 6. Blumea balsamifera (L.). DC., Prodr. 5: 447, 1836; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 270, 1881. Conyza balsamifera L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1208, 1763. Fl & Fr: Nov/Apr Distribution: Badwan, Bhanadehi, Khajri, Chhindwara. 7. B.eriantha DC. in Wicur, Contr. Bot. India 15, 1834; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 266, 1881. Fl & Fr: Nov/Apr Distribution: Danielson College Campus, Tamia, Patalkot and Sillewani-Ghats. 8. B. lacera (Burs. F.) DC. in Wicut, Contr. Bot. India 14, 1834; Hook. F., FI. Brit. India 3: 263, 1881. Conyza lacera Burn F., Fl. Ind. 180. t. 49. f. 1, 1768. B. subcapitata DC., Prodr. 5: 439, 1836. B. lacera DC. var. cinerascens Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 263, 1881. B. lacera var. glandulosa Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 263, 1881. Fl & Fr: Jan/Jun Distribution: Bhartadeo, Tamia, Dharamtekri, Bhanadehi and other parts of Chhindwara Dist. 9. B. laciniata (Roxs.) DC., Prodr. 5: 436, 1836. Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 264, 1881. Conyza laciniata Roxs., Fl. Ind. 3: 428, 1832. Fl & Fr: Dec/Mar Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 49 Distribution: Chhindwara, Tamia, Patalkot. 10. B. mollis (D. Don) Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. (Bot.) 5: 395, 1910. Erigeron molle D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 192, 1825. B. wightiana DC. in WicuT, Contr. Bot. Ind. 14, 1834. B. neilgherrensis Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 261, 1881. Fl & Fr: Feb/May Distribution: Chhindwara, Chandangaon, Umaranala, Parasia, Tamia. 11. Caesulia axillaris Roxs., Pl. Corom. 1: 64. t. 93, 1798; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 291, 1881. Fl & Fr: Oct/Nov-Apr Distribution: It is a semi-aquatic herb distributed in Chhindwara, Parasia, Atarwada, Bhanadehi, Badwan, Umaranala, Mohked, Chourai, Kanhargaon Dam. 12. Carthamus tinctorius L., Sp. Pl. 830, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 386, 1881. Fl & Fr: Feb/Apr Distribution: Cultivated for oil in Chandangaon, Khajri, Jamai, Amarwada, Pandurna. 13. Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Ascuers., Ind. Sem. Fl. Berol. App. 6, 1867. Artemisia minima L., Sp. Pl. 849, 1753. Centipeda orbicularis Lovr., F. Cochinch. 493, 1790; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 317, 1881. Fl & Fr: Throughout the year Distribution: Tamia, Sidhauli, Gailadubba, Patalkot. 14. Chrysanthemum indicum L., Sp. P1. 889, 1753. Baey, Man. Cult. Pl. 989,1949. Fl & Fr: Oct/Dec Distribution: Chhindwara, Tamia, Parasia, Pandurna, Sausar. 15. Cichorium intybus L., Sp. Pl. 813, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 391,1881. Fl & Fr: Jan/Jun Distribution: Chandangaon, Chhindwara, Amarwada, Khirsadoh. 16. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., Icon. 1: 10. t. 14, 1791; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay 2: 125, 1904-08 (BSI reprint, 1958). Fl & Fr: Aug/Nov Distribution: Chhindwara, Parasia, Sillewani Ghats, Chand, Chandangaon, Bhartadeo. 50 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 17. C. sulphureus Cav., Icon. 1: 56. t. 79, 1791. Fl & Fr: Sep/Jan Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhartadeo, Parasia, Hirdagarh, Sausar, Bhanadehi. 18. Cyathocline purpurea (Bucu.-Hao. ex D. Don) O. Kuntzz, Rev. Gen. Pl. 333, 1891. Tanacetum purpureum Bucu.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.181, 1825. Cyathocline lyrata Cass. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 1, 17: 420, 1829; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 246, 1881. Dichrocephala minutifolia V ANior in Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 12: 243, 1903. Fl & Fr: Dec/May Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhanadehi, Tamia. 19. Dahlia pinnata Cav., Icon. 1: 57. t. 80, 1791. Fl & Fr: Jun/Dec Distribution: Chhindwara, Parasia, Pandurna, Harrai. 20. Echinops echinatus Roxs., Hort. Beng. 62, 1814, Fl. Ind. 3: 447, 1832; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 358, 1881. Fl & Fr: Oct/May Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhanadehi, Bhartadeo. 21. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassx., Pl. Jav. Rar. 528, 1848; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 304, 1881. Fl & Fr: Jun/Mar Distribution: Almost in all parts of Chhindwara Dist. viz., Amarwada, Chhindwara, Chourai, Jamai, Chand, Bhanadehi etc. 22. E. prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl. 2: 286, 1771. Verbesina prostrata L., Sp. Pl. 902, 1753. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 528, 1848; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 304, 1881. Fl & Fr: Almost throughout the year Distribution: In moist or aquatic regions of Chhindwara Distr, viz., Bhartadeo, Tamia, Kukrikhapa, Chhindwara. 23. Elephantopus scaber L., Sp. Pl. 814, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 242, 1881. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 51 Fl & Fr: Oct/May Distribution: Occurs on shady places particularly under trees. Distributed in Bhartadeo, Tamia, Dharam tekri. 24. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. in Wicut, Contr. Bot. Ind. 24, 1834. Cacalia sonchifolia L., Sp. Pl. 835, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 336, 1881. Fl & Fr: Throughout the year Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhartadeo, Guraiya, Rohna, Shikarpur, Tamia, Shivpuri. 25. Erigeron asteroides Roxs., Hort. Beng. 61, 1814, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 432, 1832 non ANprz. ex Bess., Enum. Pl. 33, 1821; Hook. F., Fl. Bnit. India 3: 254, 1881. Fl & Fr: Dec/May Distribution: Tamia, Patalkot, Bhartadeo. 26. Eupatorium triplinerve Vau_, Symb. Bot. 3: 97, 1794. E. ayapana VENT., Jard. Malm. 3. t. 3, 1804; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 244, 1881. Fl & Fr: Sep/Jan Distribution: Ornamental. Distributed in Chhindwara, Tamia, Sausar, Karaboh Dam. 27. Gaillardia pulchella Fouc., Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris. 1786, 5. t. 1, 1788; MATTHEW, FI. Tamil-Carnatic 3: 790, 1984. G. bicolor Lam., Encycl. 2: 590, 1788. Fl & Fr: Mar/Sep Distribution: Ornamental. Distributed in Chhindwara, Tamia, Jam, Bhartadeo. 28. Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Icon. 3: 41. t. 281, 1795; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 311, 1881. Fl & Fr: Dec/Apr Distribution: It is an obnoxious weed. Grows in cultivated fields: Bharatadeo, Bhanadehi, Pandurna, Tamia, Chhindwara. 29. Gnaphalium luteo-album L., Sp. Pl. 851, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 288, 1881. G. luteo-album L. subsp. pallidum (LaM.) MaHEsHw. in J. Bom- bay Nat. Hist. Soc. 57 (2): 377, 1960. Fl & Fr: Throughout the year 52 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Distribution: Danielson College Garden, Badwan, Kukda, Tamia, Patalkot, Linga, Parasia. 30. G. pensylvanicum Wu.p., Enum. Hort. Berol. 867, 1809. G. peregrinum FERNALD in Rhodora 45: 479, 1943. G. purpureum auct. non L.; Hook. F. , Fl. Brit. India 3: 289, 1881. Fl & Fr: Jan/Nov Distribution: In the sandy soil of Chhindwara, Chourai, Tamia, Umaranala. Harrai, Shikarpur. 31. G. purpureum auct. non L., Sp. Pl. 854, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 289, 1881. Fl & Fr: Aug/May Distribution: In open dry places in Chandangaon, Kundipura, Umreth, and Pandurna. 32. Guizotia abyssinica (L.F.) Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 59, 248, 1829. Polymnia abyssinica L. F., Suppl. 383, 1782. Verbesina sativa Roxs. ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 26. t. 1017, 1807; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 308, 1881. Fl & Fr: Sep/Dec Distribution: Cultivated in Chourai, Amarwada, Chhindwara, Bhanadehi, Atarwada and various parts of Chhindwara District for extraction of "JAGNI” oil. 33. Gynura nitida DC. in Wicut, Contr. Bot. Ind. 24, 1834; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 333, 1881. Fl & Fr: Dec/May Distribution: Danielson College Garden, Tamia, Patalkot, Jam, Bicchua. 34. Helianthus annuus L., Sp. Pl. 904, 1753; R. R. Rao et al., Fl. Ind. Enum. Asterac. 43, 1988. Fl & Fr: Oct/Dec Distribution: Cultivated for edible oil in all parts of Chhindwara Dist. viz., Amarwada, Atarwada, Chandangaon, Bhanadehi, Jam, Junnardeo, Linga, Chhindwara. 35. Lagascea mollis Cav., Anal. Cienc. Nat. 6: 333, t. 44, 1803; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 302, 1881. Fl & Fr: Apr/Nov Distribution: Beside the nullah, river and wet places of Chhindwara Dist., viz., Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 53 Atarwada, Bhanadehi, Bodri river bank, Sillewani, Kukrakhapa, Tamia, Patalkot, Chourai, Lavaghogri. 36. Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. F. sensu stricto, Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 416, 1881; Chondrilla nudicaulis L., Mant. pl. 278, 1767. Fl & Fr: Sep/May Distribution: Bhanadehi, Atarwada, Sausar, Parasia, Tamia, Bicchua and other places of Chhindwara Dist. 37. Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sp. Pl. 988, 1753; R. S. Rao in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 218, 1956. Fl & Fr: May/Mar Distribution: It is an obnoxious weed present throughout Chhindwara Dist., viz., Chhindwara, Harrai, Bicchua, Jamai, Damua, Patalkot, Amarwada, Gangiwada, Delakhri, Umaranala, Karaboh etc. 38. Pentanema indicum (L.) Linc in Acta Phyt. Sin. 10: 179, 1965. Inula indica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1236, 1763; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 297, 1881. Vicoa indica (L.) DC. in Wicut, Contr. Bot. Ind. 10, 1834. Fl & Fr: Sep/Jun Distribution: Throughout the dry places of Chhindwara Dist., viz., Bhanadehi, Bhartadeo, Parasia, Jamai, Chhindwara, Chand, Damua. 39. Pulicaria wightiana (DC.) C B. CLARKE, Comp. Ind. 128, 1876; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 299, 1881. Poloa wightiana DC. in Guut., Arch. Bot. 2: 515, 1833. Fl & Fr: Aug/Dec Distribution: Bhartadeo, Kukrakhapa, Tamia. 40. Sclerocarpus africanus Jacgq., Ic. Pl. Rar. 1: 17, t. 176, 1780-1784; Hook. F., FI. Brit. India 3: 305, 1881. Fl & Fr: Mar/Sep Distribution: Tamia, Patalkot, Chhindi, Bhanadehi, Atarwada. 41. Sigesbeckia orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 900, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 379, 1881. Fl & Fr: Apr/Dec 54 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Distribution: Occurs only in slopes of Tamia hills. 42. Sonchus arvensis L. var. glaber Hawes, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 2: 522, 1922. Fl & Fr: Aug/Apr Distribution: Throughout the plains of Chhindwara Dist., viz., Chaurai, Umaranala, Gangiwada, Chandangaon etc. 43. S. brachyotus DC., Prodr. 7: 186, 1838. Fl & Fr: Sept/Mar Distribution: Parasia, Newton, Tamia. 44. S. oleraceus L., Sp. Pl. 794, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 414, 1881. Fl & Fr: Aug/Mar Distribution: Throughout Chhindwara Dist., viz., Parasia, Bhanadehi, Chaurai, Bhartadeo, etc. 45. Sphaeranthus indicus L., Sp. Pl. 927, 1753; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 275, 1881. (p.p.). Fl & Fr: Jan/Jul Distribution: Tamia, Patalkot and Kukrakhapa, Bodri river bank, in cultivated fields of paddy. 46. Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. var. oleracea C. B. CLarKE, Comp. Ind. 138, 1876; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3:307, 1881. Fl & Fr: Jul/Mar Distribution: Occurs on wastelands near nullah or river banks of Chhindwara, Tamia, Khirsadoh, Kukrakhapa, Karaboh. 47. §. calva DC. in Wicut, Contr. Bot. Ind. 19, 1834. S. acmella var. calva (DC.) C. B. CLarkE, Comp. Ind. 138, 1876. S. acmella auct. non (L.) Murr.; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 307, 1881. Fl & Fr: Feb/Apr Distribution: Cultivated for medicine in Bhanadehi, Chourai, and Chhindwara. 48. S. radicans Jacg., Collectanea 3: 229, 1789 (publ. 1791); Srvaras. & MATTHEW in Anc. Sci. Life 3: 169, 1984. Fl & Fr: Oct/Jan Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 55 Distribution: Danielson College Garden, Kukrakhapa. 49. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) GaErtN., Fruct. Sem. 2: 456, t. 171, 1791; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 308, 1881. Verbesina nodiflora L., Cent. Pl. 1:28, 1755. Fl & Fr: Throughout the year Distribution: Chhindwara, Amarwada, Sausar, Jamai, Tamia, Patalkot, Harrai, Bicchua and almost all parts of Chhindwara Dist. 50. Tagetes erecta L., Sp. Pl. 887, 1753. Fl & Fr: Almost throughout the year Distribution: Ornamental. Present in almost all parts of Chhindwara Dist., viz., Para- sia, Amarwada, Bhartadeo, Chourai, Jamai, Chhindwara proper. 51. T. patula L., Sp. Pl. 887, 1753. Fl & Fr: Sep/Dec Distribution: Ornamental. Present all over in Chhindwara Dist., viz., Parasia, Umaranala, Sausar, Bhartadeo, Umreth, Chhindwara etc. 52. Tithonia diversifolia (HEmsL.) A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19:5, 1883. Mirasolia diversifolia HEMSL., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168, t. 47, 1881. Fl & Fr: Sep/May Distribution: Tamia, Chhindi, Patalkot, occurring near road side. 53. Tridax procumbens L., Sp. P1. 900, 1753; Hook., F., Fl. Brit. India 3:311,1881. Fl & Fr: Throughout the year Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Chhindwara Dist., particularly in waste- lands of Chhindwara, Jamai, Karaboh, Chand, Sausar, Pandurna, etc. 54. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. in Linnaea 4: 291, 1829; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3: 233, 1881. Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl. 862, 1753. Fl & Fr: Mar/Dec Distribution: A common weed of Chhindwara, Kukrakhapa, Jamai, Parasia. 55. V. divergens (Roxs.) Epcew. in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 21:172, 1853; Hook. F., FI. Brit. India 3:234, 1881. Eupatorium divergens Roxs., FI. Ind. 3:414, 1832. Fl & Fr: Jan/Jun 56 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Distribution: Chhindwara, Bhartadeo, Bhanadehi, Dharam tekri. 56. Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. 987, 1753, (p.p.); Hook. F., Fl. Brit. India 3:303, 1881 (excl. syn X. strumarium Botss.). Fl & Fr: Jul/Jan Distribution: Chhindwara, Tamia, Patalkot, Linga, Umaranala, Harrai, Bhanadehi, Kukrakhapa. 57. Zinnia elegans Jacg., Collectanea 3: 152, 1789 (publ. 1791). Fl & Fr: Sep/Mar Distribution: Ornamental. Chhindwara, Tamia, Junnardeo, Hirdagarh, Parasia, Sillewani-Ghat, Bhanadehi, Atarwada, Chand, Kundipura. Discussion and Conclusions Asteraceae stands as the fourth largest family in India (Rao 1994). The present floristic study of the district records of family Asteraceae shows that Parthenium hysterophorus is widely distributed. Most genera are represented by only one or two species. The largest genus is Bumea with five species, while Sigesbeckia is present only in the hilly region of Tamia. Genera like Guizotia, Tagetes, Helianthus, Carthamus and Spilanthes are being cultivated in Chhindwara Dist. Species of Acanthospermum, Ageratum, Parthenium, Xanthium, Pentanema, Cichorium and Caesulia are weeds occurring in cultivated fields and wastelands of Chhindwara. Eclipta alba and Spilanthes calva are being used/cultivated medicinally. A number of taxa such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium, Tridax procumbens, Ageratum conyzoides and Acanthospermum hispidum dominate practically all the areas and are common weeds. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Prof. S. A. Brown, Principal, Danielson College, Chhindwara M.P. State, India, for providing necessary laboratory facilities and to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, for providing financial assistance to carry out the present work. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 57 References Ba.ont, B., Natu. B. & B. P. Unryar 1991. Additions to plants of Doda dist., Jammu and Kashmir state. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 15 (2): 451-453. BENNET, S. S. R. 1987. Name changes in flowering plants of India and adjacent regions. Triseas Publishers, Dehra Dun. BHELLuM, B. L. & R. MANGorrRA 1992. New additions to the flora of dist. Doda of Jammu & Kashmir state. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 16(2): 295-303. BHELLuM, B. L. & R. Mancortra 1996. A contribution to the Asteraceae of district Doda of Jammu and Kashmir state. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 20:1: 91-99. Cook, T. 1904-1908. The flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol.II. London. DESHPANDE, P. J., PATHAK, S. N. & P. S. SHANKARAN 1965. Indian J. Med. Res. 53: 539-545. Hooker, J. D. 1872-1897. The flora of British India. Vol. 1-VII. Reeve & Co., Ltd. London. Kapoor, S. L. 1968. Material for Flora of dist. Doda of Jammu & Kashmir state. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10 (1): 28-29. Kaut, M. K. & P. K. Saarma 1989. Bull Bot. Surv. India 31 (1-4): 89-94. Kaut, V. & Y. K. Sarin 1974. Studies on the vegetation of the Bhadarwah Hills. Bot. Notiser 127: 500-507. MameaM, S. K. 1993. The genus Sonchus L. (Asteraceae) in India. Ind. J. For. 16 (1): 58-61. Nayar, M. P. 1977. Changing pattern of Indian flora. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 19: 145- 154. Pati, D. A. 1990. Exotic elements in the flora of Dhule Dist. (Maharastra). J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 14(3): 721-724. Pati, D. A. 1996. The family Compositae in Dhule Dist. (Maharastra). Bio. Journal 8 (1&2): 95-96. Rao, R. R., Caowpnery, H. J., Hagra, P. K., Kumar, S., Pant, P. C., NarTuant, B. D., Unrvat, B. P., Maruur, R. & S. K. Mamcam 1988. Florae Indicae Enumeration Asteraceae. BSI. Calcutta. Rao, R. R. 1994. Biodiversity in India (Floristic Aspects). Bishen Singh, Mahendrapal Singh, Dehradun, India. 58 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Rao, T. A. 1960. A further contribution to the flora of Jammu & Kashmir state. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2 (3, 4): 387-423. Sarin, Y. K. 1965. Medicinal, Quasi-medicinal and economic plants of Bhadarwah forest division. Ind. For. 91 (8): 559-572. Suara, B. M. & P. Kacuroo 1981. Flora of Jammu and plants of neighbourhood. Vol. 1. Bishen Singh, Mahindrapal Singh. Dehra Dun. Sarma, B. M. & P. Kacuroo1983. Flora of Jammu and plants of neighbourhood (Illustrations) Vol. II. Ibid. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Table 1. Flowering, fruiting and uses of members of Asteraceae in Chhindwara District. Name of species Acanthospermum hispidum Ageratum conyzoides Amberboa ramosa Bidens biternata Blainvillea acmella Blumea balsamifera B. eriantha B. lacera B. laciniata B. mollis Caesulia axillaris Carthamus tinctorius Centipeda minima Chrysanthemum indicum Cichorium intybus Cosmos bipinnatus C. sulphureus Cyathocline purpurea Dahlia pinnata Echinops echinatus Eclipta alba E. prostrata Elephantopus scaber Emilia sonchifolia Erigeron asteroides Eupatorium triplinerve Gaillardia pulchella Galinsoga parviflora Gnaphalium luteo-album G. pensylvanicum G. purpureum Guizotia abyssinica Gynura nitida (=| ie) i a Waa i le Oct > (=) gq ~—™ Uses Weed Medicine Medicine Weed Weed Medicine Medicine Medicine Weed Weed Weed Medicine Medicine Garden Medicine Weed Weed Weed Garden Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Garden Weed Weed Weed Weed Medicine Weed 60 Name of species Helianthus annuus Lagascea mollis Launaea nudicaulis Parthenium hysterophorus Pulicaria wightiana Sclerocarpus africanus Sigesbeckia orientalis Sonchus arvensis S. brachyotus S. oleraceus Sphaeranthus indicus Spilanthes acmella S. calva S. radicans Synedrella nodiflora Tagetes erecta T: patula Tithonia diversifolia Tridax procumbens Vernonia cinerea V. divergens Xanthium strumarium Zinnia elegans WP = Whole Plant F = Flower L =keat > [= gq =k BR Jan >" j=) Re ee Se en ee ee i we) a) QO a oO g Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Medicine Weed Medicine Weed Weed Weed Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Weed Weed Medicine Medicine Weed Medicine Medicine Weed Medicine Garden Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 61 The Genus Atractylodes DC. (Compositae- Cynareae) in Far East Russia ELENA V. ZAREMBO and Evvira V. Boyko Laboratory of Plant Chemotaxonomy Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 690022, Vladivostok 22, Russia Abstract The present paper deals with the morphological and anatomical structure and sur- face ultrasculpture of achenes in Atractylodes ovata (THunB.)DC. The structure of pericarp and seed coat in this species differs distinctly from that of other East Asiatic members of the tribe Cynareae. The study is based on herbarium specimens and living plants growing wild in the South of Far East Russia and reveals the variability in A. ovata caused by environmental conditions. Introduction The genus Atractylodes DC. belongs to the subtribe Carlineae O. HorrM. (HOFFMANN 1890-94) of the tribe Cynareae LEss., but in later publications (DirrricH 1977, BRE- MER 1987, TAKHTAJAN 1987) Cassini’s concept (Cassini 1817) was accepted and the tribe Carlineae considered as a separate tribe. In recent work by BREMER and other authors (BREMER et al. 1992, BREMER 1994), who used results received by different methods, the Carlineae were again regarded as a subtribe of the tribe Cardueae, which was thus understood in a broad sense. For the decision on the systematic position of Atractylodes we used carpological methods, a generally acknowledged tool in the taxonomy of the family (cf. DirrricH 1966 and subsequent papers). The study of ultrasculpture of fruit surface is important especially for taxa with small fruits as in some species of Compositae. The presence of lignified, palisade-like, thickened, radially elongated epidermal cells of seed coat is characteristic for the members of the tribe Cynareae (DrrtricH 1977 and other papers). However, in some species of the subtribes Carlinineae and Echinopsidineae the epidermal cells of seed coat are parenchymatous, narrowly 62 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 oblong, thin-walled, tangentially elongated and have neither thickened nor lignified walls (LAVIALLE 1912, FourMENT et al. 1956). Material and Methods Plant materials and mature achenes of A. ovata were collected during 1995 through 1997 from several populations growing wild in the south of Russian Far East. We also used herbarium specimens from different regions of Korea (deposited at the Institute of Biology and Soil Science Far East Branch of RAS). For the micromorphological observations, achenes were softened in a solution of glycerine, ethanol and water (1:1:1) during a few days, embedded in paraffin and cut by microtome. Sections were made at a thickness of 8-15 um. Longitudinal and cross sections were stained in safranin. For scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies the surface of achenes was coated with gold and photographed using a Jeol Scan- ning Microscope (JSM-U3). The drawings were made by the present authors. Specimens investigated: Russia, Primorsky Territory: Olginsky district, mountain Zarod, 14.08.97, E.V. Boyko, R.V. DuDKIN Khasansky district, town Slavyanka, 26.07.91, R.V. Dupkn; village Ryazanovka, 06.09.1974, E.V. Boyko; village Barabash, 30.05.1972, B. MACHANKOov; Vityaz Inlet, 04.07.97, E.V. ZAREMBO Shkotovsky district, village Smolyaninovo, 23.07.1996, P. G. Gorovoy Oktyabrsky district, village Chernyatino, 25.07.73, I. S. DIDENKO Ussuriysky district, Ussuriysky reserve, valley of Komarovka river, 29.06.1968, E.V. Boyko Anuchinsky district, valley of Berestovka river, 18.07.1970, D. D. BASARGIN Michailovsky district, valley of Ilistaya river, 16.08.1978, N. D. TELEKALO Partizansky district, village Ekaterinovka, 21.09.1974, E.V. Borko Russia, Khabarovskiy Territory: Radde village, 31.08.89, K. P. ULaNova & E.V. BoyKo Chaldonca mountain, 23.08.72, E. ZpoROvJEVA & S. VOLKOVA. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 63 Morphological and anatomical data Fruit. The mature achenes are from 6 to 7,5 mm long, 1,5-3 mm wide, narrowed towards the base, and covered by white hairs 0,8-1mm long. Each hair is terminated by two acuminate cells equal in length or unequal (Fig. 2B). The attachment of achenes to the receptacle is not oblique, but in a straight line. Pappus 8-10 mm long, yellowish, consisting of plumose bristles in a single ring. Pappus bristles have a distinct axis, 0,12-0,24 mm thick, and thin white hairs, 1mm long, are emitted from the main axis at an angle of 20-30° (Fig. 2C). Pericarp. Cross section of mature fruit shows more or less elliptically quadrangular outline. The thickness of the pericarp is 0,05-0,055 mm. Anatomically, the pericarp is differentiated into two zones. There is a layer of uniformally thickened epidermal cells, elongated in tangential direction, 0,09-0,18 mm long, 0,03-0,05 mm (usually 0,035) high. The zone of thickened parenchymatous cells, forming one or two layers between ribs, and four or six in ribs, is followed by a zone of epidermal cells. Seed coat (testa). It is made up of small, thin-walled epidermal cells, elongated in the tangential direction, and compressed parenchymatous cells with two vascular bundles. Endosperm. The endosperm is one-layered, consisting of thin-walled cells with distinct inner space filled up with grainy substance. The ultrasculpture of seed surface in A. ovata is cellularly diamond-shaped, with radial walls of epidermal cells raised above seed surface. Outer tangential walls of the cells are curved. Thus, the basic pattern of morphological and anatomical structure of achenes in A. ovata closely resembles that of Carlina acaulis and Atractylis gummifera (LAVIALLE 1912, FourMent et al. 1956). Our observations may be useful in refining the diagnostic features of subtribe Carlinineae. Distribution and polymorphism A.ovata is a characteristic representative of the Manchurian Province of Eastern Asiatic Floristic Region (TAKHTAJAN 1986) and its natural distribution range includes Prymorje, province Amurensis (Russia), north-east China, Japan, and Korea. The floristic structure of this region is characterized by high extent of endemism and defined by the complex of the special ecological and geographical conditions of monsoon climate. These specific conditions quite often are the cause of plant polymorphism in natural populations. Such polymorphism is known in A. ovata. Therefore, there is no uni- 64 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 form opinion on species taxonomy in the genus Atractylodes in botanical literature. The species A. ovata either is divided into some species or is understood widely. V. L. Komarov (1907) reported about variability of A. ovata and on the basis of leaf morphology described three new forms: f. ternata, f. pinnatifolia, f. lyratifolia (be- sides he pointed out two more forms: f. simplicifolia Loss., f. amurensis FREYN). S. Krramura (1937) recognized two species: A. coreana (NAKAI) Kitamura with entire, sessile leaves, and A. japonica Komzumi ex Kitamura with pinnatipartite, petiolate leaves. J. Oxw1 (1965) followed Krramura and recognized one species in Japan, viz. A. japonica. Shih Cuu (1987) listed five species for China, viz. A. coreana, A. japonica, A. lancea (THunB.) DC., A. carlinoides (HAND.-Mazz.) KiraM., and A. macrocephala Kowz. T. Lee (1993) mentioned only species, viz. A. japonica with pinnatisect leaves. This paper reviews the variability of diagnostic features of A. ovata in natural populations. The study of herbarium specimens and plants from various habitats has revealed the polymorphism in height of plants, leaf-shape (from entire to pinnatisect with 3—5 segments), outline of leaf segment (from rounded to narrowly ovate- acuminate), extent of stem branching, and length of petiole. Tall specimens growing in oak forest under the cover of trees have branching stems, numerous inflorescences, long-petiolate, pinnatisect (3- to 5-sect) stem leaves, and sessile radical leaves. In comparison, undersized plants growing on hills without shrubs and trees are characterized by unbranched stems, solitary inflorescences, and entire, sessile small leaves. In our opinion the polymorphism of A. ovata in the south of Russian Far East is caused by enviromental conditions, and heteromorphic populations should be con- sidered as just ecological forms of a single species. References Bremer, K. 1987. 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TsCHERNEVA, O. V. & H. A. SHURUKHINA 1979. Analysis of the anatomical structures of achene covers of the genus Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae). Bot. Zur. 64 (12): 1738-1749. Wacenitz, G., Dirrricu, M. & J. DamBotpr 1982. Centaurothamnus, eine neue Gattung der Compositae-Cardueae aus Arabien. Candollea 37: 101-115. Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 1a. Variation in leaf morphology in Atractylodes ovata. 67 68 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 1b. Variation in leaf morphology in Atractylodes ovata (contd.). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 1c. Variation in leaf morphology in Atractylodes ovata (contd.). 69 70 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 2. Atractylodes ovata A: Achene without pappus. B: Twin apex of achene hairs. C: Detail of pappus bristle showing main axis and numerous collateral hairs deviated at an angle of 20-30°. Comp. News!l. 33, 1999 Fig. 3. Structure of achene surface of Atractylodes ovata (SEM micrograph) x 1000. qi 72 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Fig. 4. A. ovata. A: Simplified cross section of achene. B: Part of cross section of mature achene with anatomical details. C: Simplified longitudinal section of achene. D: Part of longitudinal section of mature achene with anatomical details .I-pericarp; II-seed coat; Il-endosperm. Base of hair (B); epidermal cells of pericarp (EP); parenchymatous cells of pericarp (PP); epidermal cells of seed coat (ES); parenchymatous cells of seed coat (PS); vascular bundles (V). Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 13 A New Book Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flowering Plants (Prof. K. S. Manilal Commemoration Volume) Editors: Pamir MatrHew & M. SrvaDASAN This Volume contains thirteen articles contributed by world renowned specialists of International repute discussing various aspects and areas of plant diversity. It is a treasure-house of knowledge; invaluable and indispensable for the researchers in the concerned fields as models of research work. Of special interest to readers of the Compositae Newsletter may be the paper by Dr. B. NorDENsTAM on ’’Advances in Compositae Systematics”. Contributors: B. L. Burtr (Great Britain), CHRISTOPHER D. K. Cook (Switzerland), SHAHINA A. GHAZANFAR (Sultanate of Oman), N. P. BALAKRISHNAN (India), L. J. G. VAN DER MaAeE- SEN (The Netherlands), BERTI. NoRDENSTAM (Sweden), P. C. vAN WELZEN (The Netherlands), Pau A. FryxELL (USA), Dan H. Nicotson (USA), DANIEL F. AustIN (USA), THomas B. Croat (USA), Scott A. Mori & Caro A. Gracie (USA), THomas F. DANIEL & TSAN IANG CHUANG (USA). Published by: Mentor Books , Calicut Date of Publication: 27-11-1998 Book size: 260 mm x 1955 mm (Hardback). Pages: xii + 330 ISBN: 81-900324-3-7 Price: Rs. 900.00, US $ 150.00 74 Comp. Newsl. 33, 1999 Order Form Please Send anc ceccestsnndeccsnansss copies of Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flowering Plants (Prof. K. S. Manilal Commemoration Volume). 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S1vapasan*, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., 673 635, Kerala, India). * E-mail: siva@unical.ac.in LIBRARY MAY 19 1999 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN