er Sak Toe wesirerawed oy S SS oe act efosen- bs Pint bre oat a Bets ee en 3 EX LIBRIS William Healey Dall Division of Mollusks Sectional Library —_-> OWrieicn of Reeve Stetina in _ CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: OR, PA US ReACTLON:S OF THE SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. VOLT: CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA MUREX MANGELIA MONOCEROS CYPRAIA PURPURA BULLIA HALIOTIS RICINULA BUCCINUM BY LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.LS., F.ZS. AUTHOR OF ‘CONCHOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA’, ‘ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY’, &c. “What thanks sufficient, or what recompense Equal, have I to render thee, divine Historian, who thus vouchsafed This friendly condescension to relate Things else by me unsearchable ; now heard With wonder and delight.”—Ji/ton. LONDON: REEVE, BROTHERS, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND. 1845. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MURE X. “For Nature here Wanton’d as in her prime, and play’d at will Her virgin fancies, wild above rule or art.”— Mi/ton. a 4 c Murex, PLL. Reeve Brothers cupro-lth Sowerby del et sculp MUREX. Prats I. Genus Murex, Linneus. Testa ovata vel oblonga, sepissime pyriformis, aut plus mi- nusve fusiformis, spird subangulato-turritd ; anfractibus leviter ventricosis, varicosis, varicibus tribus aut pluri- bus, frondibus ramosis vel foliatis vel spinosis ornatis ; columellé levi, arcuatd, in canalem nunc brevissimum recurvum, nunc longissimum tubulosum desinente ; aper- turd suborbiculari, labro externo plerumque denticulato aut crenato, dente unico prominulo erecto infra medium interdum armato. Operculum corneum. Shell ovate or oblong, generally pyriform, or more or less fusiform, spire somewhat angularly turreted ; whorls slightly ventricose, varicose, varices three or more in number, ornamented with branched, foliated, or spl- nose fronds; columella smooth, arched, ending in a canal which is sometimes very short and recurved, sometimes very long and tubulous; aperture nearly orbicular, outer lip generally denticulated or crenated, and sometimes armed beneath the middle with an erect prominent tooth. Operculum horny. The genus Murex, as at present constituted, contains but a very limited number of the species referred to it by its founder. After having been liberally dismembered by Bru- guitre and Lamarck for the formation of the genera Ceri- thium, Turbinella, Cancellaria, Fasciolaria, Fusus, Pleuro- toma and Pyrula, there yet remained a considerable por- tion that were characterized by their different varieties of varicose growth; and of these Lamarck established the genera Ranella, Triton and Murex. The first for the re- ception of the species in which exactly two varices are de- posited on a whorl, the second for those having a smaller number, and the third for such as have a larger number. The genus therefore under consideration includes all the varicose Canaliferous Gastropods which deposit a marginal varix at three or more intervals during every volution of increase round their columellar axis. As, in all arbitrary varieties of classification, however, there is great difficulty in determining the limit of the genus. The Murex, with numerous light and immaturely formed varices, is scarcely to be generically distinguished from the Fusus with its successive layers or ridges. The Murices Magellanicus, salebrosus and Belcheri are of this anomalous character ; although, I consider the last-mentioned species, described by Mr. Hinds in the ‘ Zoology of the Sulphur,’ to present many more characters in common with those of Pyruda than of Murex, and do not hesitate to refer it to that genus. The Murices are greatly distinguished by the ornamental and varied structure of the varices; and when it is consi- dered what an impediment the numerous spines and frondose ramifications must offer to their revolving process of growth, it becomes interesting to notice in what manner this emergency is provided for. The animal inhabitant has the power of removing these obstacles to its growth by the use of a powerful solvent. In the Murew cornutus, for ex- ample, may be commonly observed, on the left of the upper portion of the columella, the remains of a spine which has been abraded and removed at its base to make way for the approaching deposit of the increasing whorl. The genus Murer has been so recently illustrated by Mr. Sowerby in his ‘ Conchological Mlustrations,’ and by M. Kiener in his ‘Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes,’ that I have not many new species to be added; there are, however, some important errors to be emended in the works of both authors. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Emarainatus. Mur. testd ovati, spird brevius- culd, acuminata, suturis rudis, undatis ; anfractibus senis, superne angulatis, leviusculis, inter varices con- spicue tuberculatis, transversim obsolete costatis ; tri- Suriam varicosd, varicibus obtuso-fimbriatis, solidius- culis ; albidd, ferrugineo-fuscescente tinctd ; labro ex- terno dente unico parvo, planulato, antice armato ; canali brevi, clauso, oblique recurvo. THE EMARGINATED Murex. Shell ovate, spire rather short, acuminated, sutures rude, waved; whorls six in number, angulated at the upper part, rather smooth, conspicuously tuberculated between the varices, trans- versely obsoletely ribbed; three-varicose, varices ob- tusely fimbriated, rather solid; whitish, stained with pale rusty brown; outer lip armed anteriorly with a single small flattened tooth ; canal short, closed, ob- liquely recurved. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc.,1840; Conch. Ilus. f.98 and 100. Hab. ——? The entire surface of this shell has the appearance of being very minutely indented. The oblique turn of the canal is characteristic, and so also is the prominent de- velopement of the tubercles between the varices. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Morex tacinratus. Mur. testé oblongo-ovatd, subfusi- Sormi, basem versus contractd, spird mediocri, suturis subimpressis ; anfraetibus senis, inter varices bituber- culatis, transversim liratis, liris parvis, subscabrosis, distantibus, tribus basalibus fortioribus ; trifariam vari- cosd, varicibus ereberrimé crispifoliatis, fasias basem versus frondiformibus, subspinosis ; rosaceo-fuscescente, April 1845, MUREX.—Ptate I. varicibus castaneo-maculatis, columella apice canalique purpureo-roseis ; aperturd rotundd, labro externo cre- nulato. Tue LACINIATED Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat fusiform, contracted towards the base, spire middling, with the sutures somewhat impressed ; whorls six in number, with two tubercles between each varix, trans- versely ridged, ridges small, somewhat scabrous, dis- tant, the three basal ridges stronger than the rest ; three-varicose, varices very closely crisply foliated, the foliations being frond-like and somewhat spinous towards the base; pinkish brown, varices spotted with chesnut brown, columella apex and canal purple rose; aperture rounded, outer lip erenulated. Sowrrey, Conchological Illustrations, f. 59. Badem. Murex scabrosus, Sowerby, Conch. Mus. f.73. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. This is a very interesting species; the varices appear to consist of a number of foliated laminz closely pressed to- wether, and the ridges which on the body of the shell are very small, on the varices are developed with peculiar foree. The three basal ridges are, however, much stronger throughout than any of the rest. Mr. Sowerby has erro- neously described a mutilated example of his Murew lacini- alus for a new species, under the name of Murex scabrosus. Species 3. (Mus. Saul.) Murex ramosus. Mur. testd trigono-ovati, ventricosd, spird breviuseuld; anfractibus senis, tuberculis plurianis inter varices armatis, transversim obsolete liratis et cre- berrimé elevato-lineatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus conspicue frondosis, frondibus maximis, curvis, canalicu- latis, inciso-serratis ; albd, fusco pallidé nebulosd, lineis transversis elevatis fuscis, columella labrique externi limbo rosaceis ; canali breviusculo, planulato, recurvo. Tue BRancuep Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, ven- tricose, spire rather short; whorls six in number, armed between the varices with several tubercles, transversely obsoletely ridged and elevately lineated ; three-varicose, varices conspicuously frondose, fronds very large, curved, canaliculated, deeply serrated ; white, faintly clouded with brown, transverse raised lines brown, columella and edge of the outer lip rose- pink; canal rather short, flattened, recurved. Linnxus, Mus. Ludovic Ulric regine. Murex inflatus, Lamarck. Hab. Bastern Seas. Lamarck distinguished this large and well-known species by the new title of Murew inflatus, because, judging from the various references which Linneeus quoted in illustration of his Mwrew ramosus in the ‘Systema Nature,’ he appeared to have confounded several species together. This is, how- ever, without doubt, the shell he had under consideration ; and the original name should be preserved, especially when we learn, upon the testimony of M. Deshayes, that in the ‘Mus. Lud. Ulric regine’ the references and synonymy are correct. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex rrraverer. Mur. testd elongato-ovatd, subfusi- formi, spird turritd ; anfractibus octonis, longitudina- liter plicatis, transversim liratis, liris angustis, suba- cutis, basem versus rotundatis, impresso-striatis ; tri- fariam varicosd, varicibus postice obtuso-rotundatis, anticd, prope ad canalem, egregie laminato-frondosis ; albidd, roseo tinct, fusco maculatd et nebulosd ; canalt brevi. THE THREE-ANGLED Murex. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat fusiform, spire turreted; whorls eight in number, longitudinally plicated, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, rather sharp, rounded towards the base, impressly striated ; three-varicose, varices pos- teriorly obtusely rounded, anteriorly, near the canal, eminently laminately frondose ; white, tinged with rose, spotted and clouded with brown; canal short. Born, Mus. Ces. p. 291. pl. 11. f. 1, 2. Murex trigonulus, Ene. Méth. ; Kiener. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The Murices triqueter and trigonulus are figured in the “Encyclopédie Méthodique’ and in Kiener’s ‘Icon. Coq. viv.” one for the other, and vice versd. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ANGULARIS. Maur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, spird parva, acuminata ; an ractibus senis, transversim ele- vato-striatis, striis leviter scabrosis ; octofariam vari- cosa, varicibus regulariter obtuso-frondosis, frondibus erectis, subdistantibus; nigricante-fuscd, apicem versus pallidiore; canali brevi. Tur ANGULAR Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, spire small, acuminated, whorls six in number, trans- versely elevately striated, striz scabrous; eight-vari- cose, varices regularly obtusely frondose, fronds erect, somewhat distant; dark brown, paler towards the apex; canal short. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert.(Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.595. Hab. Senegal. In this species the varices are extremely variable, and when only few in number impart an angular structure to the shell; in one of the specimens before me, for example, in which there are only five varices on a whorl, it assumes the form of a pentagon. ee Marea. PUI. 10 Sowerby del et sculp Reeve Brothers cupro-lth MUREX. Prats II. Species 6. (Mus. Taylor.) MuvReEX BIPINNATUS. Mur. testa elongato-fusiformi, spird acuminato-turrita ; anfractibus septenis, transversim eximie liratis, et elevato-striatis, liris striis et inter- stitits subtilissime scabroso-crenulatis, anfractibus primis senis tuberculato-nodosis, ultimo trivaricoso, varicibus ultimis duobus pulcherrime fimbriato-pinnatis ; nived, rosaceo tinctd, columella pallide rosed ; apertura parva, labri externi limbo minute denticulato ; canali latius- culo, subelongato. THE TWo-winGED Murex. Shell elongately fusiform, spire acuminately turreted; whorls seven in number, transversely delicately ridged and elevately striated, ridges strize and interstices very finely scabrously cre- nulated, first six whorls tuberculously noduled, last whorl three-varicose, last two varices very beautifully fimbyiately winged ; snowy white, tinged with rose, columella pale rose ; aperture small, edge of the outer lip minutely denticulated ; canal rather broad, a little elongated. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? I am much indebted to Mr. Taylor for the loan of this very interesting shell, and readily adopt a name which that gentleman kindly suggests, as indicating the pecu- liarity of there being no appearance of frill structure ex- cept upon the last two varices. The spire exhibits a mass of prominent nodules, each whorl taking the form of a heptagon with as many as seven on its circumference. In general form the Mwrex bipinnatus approaches the Murex clavus ; it will, however, be observed on reference to that species that the detail of structure and sculpture is distinct throughout. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Monoceros. Mur. testd subtrigono-ovatd, spird breviusculd, acuta, suturis impressis ; anfractibus senis, inter varices tuberculato-nodosis, transversim elevato- striatis, striis scabrosis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus obtuso-rotundatis, nodiferis, postice anticeque laminatis ; allida, glauco-fuscescente tincté, aperture fauce palli- dissime purpurascente-rosed ; canali brevi; apertura ovata, labro intus fortiter tuberculato-dentato, limbo minute denticulato, denticulo uno aut pluribus conspicue erectis. Tue Monoceros-Like Murex. Shell somewhat trian- gularly ovate, spire rather short, sharp, with the su- tures impressed; whorls six in number, tubercularly noduled between the varices, transversely elevately striated, strie scabrous; three-varicose, varices ob- tusely rounded, nodiferous, posteriorly and anteriorly laminated ; whitish, stained with glaucous brown, in- terior of the aperture very faintly tinged with purple rose ; canal short ; aperture ovate, lip strongly tuber- cularly toothed within, edge minutely denticulated, one or more of the teeth being conspicuously erect. Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Murex Nuttallii ? Conrad. Hab. California. The minute scabrous sculpture of this shell is very cha- racteristic, and so is also the obtuse stunted tubercular structure of the varices. The marginal tooth is unusually prominent. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex saxartitis. Mur. testd subpyriformi, ventricosd, spird mediocri ; anfractibus transversim liratis et ele- vato-striatis, striis subundulatis et granosis ; seafariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus posticis anticis- que grandibus simplicibus foliaceis, canaliculatis, erecto- curvatis, medianis multo brevioribus ; fuscd vel auran- tio-rubra, columella canalique vivide roseo-rubentibus, aperture fauce radiata ; canali compresso, recurvo. THE ROCK-INHABITING Murex. Shell somewhat pyri- form, ventricose, spire middling ; whorls transversely ridged and elevately striated, strive slightly waved and granose ; six-varicose, varices frondose, posterior and anterior fronds large, simple, foliaceous, canaliculated, erectly curved, middle fronds much shorter; brown or orange-red, columella and canal bright pinkish red, aperture radiated with the same colour; canal com- pressed, recurved. Linnus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.) p. 3529. Hab. Kastern Seas. The shell which I have selected for the illustration of this beautiful and well-known species, is one of the rich orange-red variety. The ordinary colour of the outer sur- face is a light fulvous brown. April 1845. MUREX.—Piatz II. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ciavus. Mur. testé elongato-fusiformi, spird tri- gono-turritd, squamis erecto-recurvis ad angulos apicem versus uncinatd ; anfractibus octonis, trigonis, levibus, aut obsolete liratis et striatis, inter varices tuberculato- plicatis ; trivaricosd, varice ultimo marginali latissime Jimbriato-pinnato ; nived, roseo tinctd, columella pallide rosea; canali subelongato ; apertura pared, labro ex- terno denticulato. THE ruppER Murex. Shell elongately fusiform, spire triangularly turreted, armed at the angles towards the apex with erectly recurved hook-like scales; whorls eight in number, three-sided, smooth or obsoletely ridged and striated, tubercularly plicated between the varices ; three-varicose, the last marginal varix very broadly fimbriately winged ; snowy white, tinged with rose; canal rather elongated; aperture small, outer lip denticulated. Kigner, Icon. Coq. viv. p.111. pl. 37. f. 2. Murex uncinarius, Sowerby (not of Lamarck). Hai. Island of Masbate, Philippines; Cuming. A characteristic figure of this remarkable species was pub- lished by Martini nearly seventy years since, in the ‘ Con- chylien Cabinet,’ but no further illustration of it appeared until it was recently figured in the ‘ Conchological Ilus- trations. Mr. Sowerby there describes it as the Murex uncinarius of Lamarck, but as M. Kiener has since shown that species to be another and of very different character, I feel much pleasure in adopting his name. The error into which Mr. Sowerby had fallen was, no doubt, occasioned by Lamarck’s referring his Murex uncinarius to Martini’s figure of this shell; and eleven lines being the measure- ment given of it, Mr. Sowerby, and even Lamarck himself, may have suspected that the Murex wncinarius was merely an example of the shell under consideration in a very early stage of growth. The nearest allied species to the Murex clavus is that which I have just described under the new title of Murex bipinnatus ; in that species the whorls are tuberculated, not hooked, and of a heptagonal form; in this, they are dis- tinctly three-sided and conspicuously hooked at the angles ; the laminated frills of the two species are also different. Species 10. (Mus. White.) Murex Capuctnus. Mur. testd elongato-ovata, fusiformi- turritd, crassiusculd ; anfractibus transversim subirregu- lariter liratis; trifariam varicosd, varicibus multi- lamellatis, lamellis brevibus, compressis, externd foliata, recurva ; atro-fuscd, columella albida ; canali depresso, breviusculo ; labro externo intus denticulato. Tue CapucHin Murex. Shell elongately ovate, fusi- formly turreted, rather thick; whorls transversely somewhat irregularly ridged; three-varicose, varices many-lamellated, lamellz short, compressed, the outer lamella foliated, recurved; black-brown, columella whitish; canal depressed, rather short; outer lip denticulated within. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 192. f. 1849-50. An eadem. Murex quadrifrons, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands (found at the root of Mango trees on the shore); Cuming. This species may be recognised by the peculiar com- pressed laminated structure of the varices. There is little doubt, I think, but that Lamarck’s Murex quadrifrons is merely an accidental four-varicose variety of this species. Marea. Pi Ill Reeve Brothers cupr MUREX. Prate III. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ertnaceus. Mur. testé subfusiformi-ovatd, spird mediocri ; anfractibus superne angulatis, inter varices tuberculatis, transversim fortiter costatis, costis rotun- dato-tumidis, leviter undatis, interstitiis minutissime squamuloso-rugosis, lird parvd squamulosi sepe inter- veniente ; quadrifariam ad septifariam varicosd, vari- cibus valde irregularibus, nunc frondosis, nunc fimbriato- lamellatis ; albido-fulvd ; canali brevi, clauso, subre- curve. Tur HEDGE-HOG Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire middling ; whorls angulated at the upper part, slightly tuberculated between the varices, trans- versely strongly ribbed, ribs rotundately swollen, slightly waved, interstices very minutely squamu- lously rugose, with a small squamulous ridge running through; four- or seven-varicose, varices very irre- gular, sometimes frondose, sometimes fimbriately la- mellated; white, stained with pale fulvous brown; canal short, closed, a little recurved. Lryn2vs, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3530. Variety B. Testa varicibus incrassatis, solidis ; costis transversis angus- tis, valde obscurioribus. Shell with the varices thickened, solid; transverse ribs narrow, much more obscure. Murex Tarentinus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des- hayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p. 593. Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes, pl. 44. f. 2. Variety y. Testa nune varicosa, nunc evaricosa; anfractibus superne albicingulatis. Shell sometimes varicose, sometimes without varices ; whorls encircled with a white belt round the upper part. Murex cinguliferus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des- hayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p. 597. Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes, pl. 30. f. 2. Hab. Mediterranean, and coast of France and Britain, (found at low water and at depths varying to four- teen fathoms). This species, like the Murices trunculus and. brandaris, which inhabit the same sea, is extremely variable in growth, some examples having as many as seven varices, whilst others exhibit nothing more than a row of almost obsolete plicated lamin. In the variety 8, which Lamarck distin- guished as the Murex Tarentinus, the lamine of each varix, instead of being raised like a festooned frill, as in the type of the species, are pressed down and, as it were, solidified between the ribs; whilst the ribs are narrower and more obscure. The variety y is chiefly distinguished by a con- spicuous white belt encircling the ribs at the angle, the sculpture being in most respects like that of the variety 8. This is much the scarcest state of the species; it is very well represented by M. Kiener as the Murex cinguliferus, and I have a small but equally characteristic specimen from the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq. Species 12. (Mus. White.) Murex rouratus. Mur. testa ovato-oblongd, spira brevi- usculd ; anfractibus transversim costatis, costis parvis, compressis, subdistantibus, interstitiis levibus ; trifa- riam varicosd, varicibus tenuibus, erecto-foliatis ; albidd, castaneo-fusco fasciatd ; aperturé pared, labro colu- mellari simplici, externo denticulato, dente unico planato inferne armato ; canali brevi, plano-compresso, clauso. THE FOLIATED Murex, Shell ovately oblong, spire ra- ther short; whorls transversely ribbed, ribs small, compressed, somewhat distant, interstices smooth ; three-varicose, varices thin, erectly foliated; whitish, banded with chesnut brown; aperture small, colu- mellar lip simple, outer lip denticulated, armed at the lower part with a small flattened tooth; canal short flatly compressed, closed. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3529. Purpura foliata, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 66. Murex purpura alata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p- 250. pl. 160. f. 1538-9. Hab. Xsland of Sitka, north-west coast of America (found in rocky places); Escholtz. Lamarck committed a grand error in referring to Chem- nitz’s admirable figure of this species for the illustration of the Murex tripterus of Born; and Kiener, confiding with his usual fidelity in the purity of Lamarck’s labours, has not failed to repeat it. M. Deshayes has, however, published the Murex foliatus in his recent edition of the ‘ Animaux sans verttbres,’ with an accurate citation of its synonymes, and the species is no longer veiled with any obscurity. April 1845. MUREX.—Ptatz III. Species 13. (Mus. Taylor.) Murex catcrrrapa. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, crassa, solidiusculd, spird turritd ; anfractibus superné depres- siusculis, transversim striatis et sulcatis, inter varices tuberculatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus biseriatim frondosis frondium serie altera minutd, alterd promi- nente, frondibus crassiusculis, irregularibus, duabus an- ticis majoribus ; rufescente-castaned, lineis baltersve angustis nigerrimo-fuscis cingulata ; canali subelongato, compresso, leviter recurvo. Tue cattrop Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, thick, rather solid, spire twrreted; whorls rather depressed at the upper part, transversely striated and grooved, tuberculated between the varices; three-varicose, va- rices composed of a double row of fronds, one of which is minute, the other prominent with the fronds rather thick and irregular, the two most anterior being larger than the rest ; reddish-chesnut, encircled with narrow blackish-brown lines or narrow belts ; canal rather elongated, compressed, slightly recurved. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.573. Hab. Red Sea (found on the coral reefs); Riippell. Variety f. Testa plerumque brevior ; alba, Uineis rubido-fuscis cincta. Shell generally shorter ; white, encircled with reddish brown lines. Murex brevifrons, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p- 573. Purpura frondosa fasciata, Martini. Hab. West Indies (found on the coral reefs). There can be little doubt but that Lamarck’s Murew bre- vifrons is a white variety of his Murex calcitrapa, inhabiting a different locality ; although their close affinity is not com- mented upon by M. Deshayes. It is a thick, rather pon- derous looking species, well characterized by the brown lines and belts which cross the interstices between the varices. Some specimens are thin, and more frondose. Tt may be interesting to know that the caltrop was an instrument of war, which the ancients scattered on the field of battle in order to wound the feet of the enemies’ horse. It was a small iron weapon constructed of three sides, with a row of sharp spikes down each angle, such as may be suggested by the three-varicose structure of the shell under consideration. If thrown with skill over the enemies quar- ters, a shower of caltrops must have proved very annoying, because, upon whatever side the instrument fell, a row of spikes would stand uppermost. - Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex rosarium, Var. 8. For description of which see Prats VIII. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex turpinatus. Mur. testi ovato-turbinatd, spird brevi, conicd; anfractibus superné angulatis, transversim liratis, liris impresso-striatis, alternis majoribus ; sex- fariam varicosa, varicibus obtuso-rotundatis, ad angulum conspicue spinoso-tuberculatis, basem versus submuricato- tuberculatis ; albidi, fasciis rufescente-fuscis tribus in- terruptis varices super tincté, columella pallide rosacea ; canali breviusculo. THE TURBINATED Murex. Shell ovately turbinated, spire short, conical; whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely ridged, ridges impressly striated, alter- nate ridges the larger ; six-varicose, varices obtusely rounded, conspicuously spinosely tubercled at the an- gle, somewhat prickly tubercled at the base ; whitish, stained, upon the varices only, with three interrupted reddish brown bands, columella faintly tinged with pink; canal rather short. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.586. Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. pl. 22. f. 1. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, East coast of Africa. The varices of this somewhat rare species are probably rather variable in number; in the specimen before me there are only six on a whorl; Lamarck mentions seven, and Kiener, who transcribes Lamarck’s Latin diagnose of the species, enumerates eight in his summary of the specific characters. The aperture of this shell is lined with pure white, and the columella with pink enamel. Mr. Sowerby, jun., has unfortunately published a serious category of errors in attempting to illustrate this species ; having figured three different shells, of which neither has any reference to it. The shell represented at Fig. 30. of the ‘ Conchological Hlustrations ’ is an indifferent specimen of the Murex spinicostata ; that represented at Fig.90 T have decided, after a long and patient examination of the speci- men, to be a worn, curiously stained, tubercled variety of the Murex trunculus; and Fig. 91 represents an obscure example of the Murex endivia. Mure. Pl IV Reeve Brothers cuprohth MUREX. Puate IV. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Maurus. Mur. testé trigono-oblonga, utrinque attenuatd, crassiusculd, ponderosd, spird acuminato- turritd; anfractibus inter varices unduloso-tuberculatis, transversim granuloso-liratis et impresso-striatis, liris alternis majoribus ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus in- crassatis, rotundatis, basem versus subobsolete frondosis, frondibus parvis, perpaucis ; fuscescente, liris nigri- cantibus, labrorum limbo roseo, labro externo denticu- lato ; canali breviusculo. Tue moor Murex. Shell triangularly oblong, acumi- nately turreted at both ends; whorls undulately tubercled between the varices, transversely granu- lously ridged and impressly striated, alternate ridges the larger ; three-varicose, varices thickened, rounded, somewhat obsoletely frondose towards the base, fronds small, very few in number ; pale brown, ridges blackish, edge of the columellar and outer lips tinged with rose, outer lip denticulated; canal rather short. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. M. Deshayes very properly reprimands M. Kiener for asserting that the Muwrices maurus and rubescens Broderip, are merely specimens of the Murex adustus in a bad state of preservation. ‘‘ Cela prouve,” very truly says the learned editor of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ “ que M. Kiener n’a pas.eu sous les yeux ces espéces du naturaliste anglais.” The Murex maurus has more the appearance of a stunted immature Murer palmarose than a Murex adustus, from which it differs too manifestly to render any comparison necessary. Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul both possess specimens of the Murex maurus in the finest possible condition, and I feel much pleasure in being enabled to add my testimony to its specific importance. M. Kiener disposes in like man- ner, of a vast number of the many valuable and charac- teristic new species of shells collected by Mr. Cuming, and described, from time to time, by Messrs. Broderip and Sowerby, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 1832-42. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex oxyacantua. Mur. testd pyriformi, spird brevi, obtusd, suturis cavernosis ; anfractibus transversim lira- tis et impresso-striatis, liris alternis minimis ; nived, spinis fuscescente tinctis; aperturd parva, rotunda ; canali breviusculo, ad extremitatem recurvo. THE SHARP-SPINED Murex. Shell pear-shaped, spire short, obtuse, sutures cavernous ; whorls transversely ridged and impressly striated, alternate ridges very small; seven-varicose, varices spined throughout, spines long, erect, canaliculated, alternate spines very small; snowy white, spines stained with pale brown, aperture small, round; canal rather short, recurved at the extremity. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Beal Llejos, Central America (found in sandy mud at the depth of eight fathoms); Cuming. Each transverse ridge terminates upon the following varix in a lofty erect canaliculated spine, the minute alter- nate ridges terminating in spines of the same proportion of size. Miss Saul possesses several specimens of a dwarf variety of this species. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex sprnicostata. Mur. testd pyriformi, nunc oblonga, nunc breviore, ventricosd ; anfractibus superne biangu- latis, transversim liratis et striatis, liris minutis, an- gustis, subsuperficialibus ; seafariam vel septifariam varicosd, varicibus undique spinosis, spinis canaliculatis, subcurvatis, duabus anticis angulos superantibus et dua- bus tribusve basalibus, longioribus, mucronatis ; alba, liris rufo-fuscis, maculis parvis saturatioribus lunule- formibus hie illic tinctis, aperture fauce alba, rubido sparsim maculata ; canali subelongato, interdum bre- viore, TECUTLO. THE SPINE-RIBBED Murex. Shell pear-shaped, sometimes oblong, sometimes shorter and ventricose; whorls bi-angulated at the upper part, transversely ridged and striated, ridges minute, narrow, rather superfi- cial; six- or seven-varicose, varices armed with frond- like spines throughout, spines canaliculated, slightly curved, the basal and those upon the posterior angles, longer, sharp-pointed ; white, ridges reddish brown, stained here and there with small crescent-shaped spots of a deeper colour, interior of the aperture white, April 1845. MUREX.—Ptatze IV. stained in places with ruddy spots; canal rather elon- gated, sometimes shorter, recurved. VALENCIENNES, Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 49. pl. 41. f. 1. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. This very interesting shell, of which a worn stunted ex- ample is represented in the ‘Conchological Ilustrations,’ fig. 30, under the erroneous title of Murex turbinatus, was, I believe, originally distinguished by Mr. Sowerby by the name of Murea fulvescens; no description, however, ap- peared, and as the name was subsequently cancelled from the catalogue, I am obliged to yield to M. Valenciennes the honour of having first introduced the species. The frond-like spines of the Murew spinicostata are of a sharp simple structure, exhibiting no indication of being foliated; but are singularly characterised in being armed with a small prickle on each side at about one-third of thew entire length from the top. This character can, how- ever, only be recognised in such specimens as have the spines well developed. Species 19. (Mus. Taylor.) Murex purus. Mur. testé trigono-ovati, subfusiformi, spira mediocri ; anfractibus transversim leviter liratis, et granoso-striatis, inter varices tuberculatis ; trifariam varicosis, varicibus, uniseriatim frondosis, frondis plano- compressis, regularibus, elegantissimé foliatis ; rufo- fusca; apertura pared rotundatd, sub-impressa. THE RED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, somewhat fusiform, spire middling ; whorls transversely ridged and granosely striated, tuberculated between the va- rices ; three-varicose, varices surmounted by a single row of flatly compressed, regular, very elegantly foli- ated fronds ; reddish-brown ; aperture small, rounded, somewhat impressed. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.574. Hab. Indian Seas. This species is chiefly distinguished by its three single rows of elegant leaf-like fronds, some of which seem to be coated internally with one or more peculiar laminee of ena- mel. There is a very delicate small white variety of this shell with a pink apex. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex paLmirervs. Mur. testi fusiformi-oblongd, spird subelongatd, acuminato-turrita ; anfractibus transversim liratis et striatis, tuberculis duobus prominentibus inter varices armatis; trifariam varicosd, vuricibus subin- crassatis, uniseriatim frondosis, frondis brevibus, sub- compressis, sepe lateraliter fimbriato-connexis ; roseo- Suscescente aut albidd ; canali breviusculo, recurvo ; la- bro externo denticulato. THE BRANCH-BEARING Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong, spire rather elongated, acuminately turreted ; whorls transversely ridged and striated, armed between the varices with two prominent tubercles ; three-varicose, varices somewhat thickened, furnished with a single row of short rather compressed fronds, often fimbriately connected at the side; pinkish brown or white ; canal rather short, recurved; outer lip denticulated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. North Australia. This species may be recognised by its short compressed fronds, which range for the most part so closely side by side as often apparently to form a connected leaf-like frill. Murex. Pl Reeve Brothers aupro tb scalp Sowerby delet MU REX. Prats V. Species 21. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Saul.) Murex Monopon. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, tenui, spire suturis excavato-unpressis ; anfractibus transversim li- ratis et striatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus pulcher- rime frondosis, frondibus elongatis, curvatis, penultimad longissimda, peculiariter recurved ; rufescente-fuscd, fron- dibus nigricantibus, columella labrique limbo rosaceis ; canali breviusculo ; labro infra medium dente valido erecto instructo. THE SINGLE TooTH Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, thin, sutures of the spire excavately impressed; whorls transversely ridged and striated ; three-varicose, vari- ces very beautifully frondose, fronds elongated, curved, the last but one from the base much the longest, and peculiarly curved back; reddish brown, fronds blackish, columella and edge of the lip tinged with rose ; canal rather short; lip furnished just beneath the middle with a strong raised tooth. Variety B. (Fig. 21 a.) Testa alba, columella labrique limbo vivide coccineo-roseis. Shell pure white, columella and edge of the outer lip bright scarlet rose. Sowersy, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 19. Murex aranea, Blainville (Kiener). Hab. Dupuch’s Island, Torres Straits (found on the reefs at low water); Dring, H. M.S. Beagle. I have much pleasure in being enabled to illustrate the varieties of this fine species, by two most magnificent spe- cimens from the cabinets of Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul; the one exhibiting the front structure, in the white variety, with the delicate contrast of the pink lip and columella, the other showing the graceful curvature of the fronds, of which the lowest but one assumes such a remarkable spur- like form. The Murices monodon and imperialis, though figured by Martini in his Conchylien Cabinet, in the year 1777, were unknown to Lamarck, whose monograph of the genus, in the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ was not published until five and forty years afterwards. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex truncutus. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, subven- tricosd, spird angulato-turritd ; anfractibus transversim impresso-striatis et obtuse noduliferis, superne angulatis ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus ad angulum nunc obtuso- nodosis, nunc squamato-tuberculatis ; purpureo-fusco alboque fasciatd ; canali brevi, compresso, recurvo ; aperture fauce zonis purpureis et albis vivide radiata, THE BANDED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, slightly ventricose, spire angularly turreted; whorls trans- versely impressly striated, and obtusely nodiferous, angulated at the upper part; six-varicose, sometimes obtusely nodose at the angle; sometimes squamately tubercled; banded with purple-brown and white ; canal short, compressed, recurved ; interior of the aperture vividly rayed with purple and white zones. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.) p. 3527. Hab. Mediterranean. The figures given in illustration of this well-known species are selected to show the variable character of its growth, some examples being merely slightly nodiferous, whilst others are coronated with a prominent row of scale-like tubercles. A variation of structure analogous to this occurs in the genus Voluta, which presents both smooth and tubercled varieties of the greater portion of the species. May 1845. Murex. Fl. VI Reeve Brothers cupro-lith MUREX. Prats VI. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex princers. Mur. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, hexa- gond, spird brevi ; anfractibus superné angulatis ; trans- versim subobsolete liratis et striatis ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus subrudibus, erectis ; alba, fasciis lineisque ferrugineo-fuscis transversis tinctd ; canali brevi. THE PRINCE Murex. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, six-angled, spire short ; whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely somewhat obsoletely ridged and striated ; six-varicose, varices frondose, fronds some- what rude, erect ; white, stained with transverse rusty brown lines and bands; canal short. Bropverip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (found on coral reefs at low water); Cuming. The fronds of this species are of a peculiarly rude erect character, and that upon the angle is in each varix much stouter at the base than any of the rest. The style of co- louring, which is of a reddish rusty brown, reminds one of the Murex radix though quite unlike. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex mEGacervs. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, quad- rangulart, spira subacuminaté ; anfractibus superne leviter angulatis, inter varices nodoso-plicatis, trans- versim liratis et striatis, liris parvis, acutangulis ; quadrifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus peculiariter erectis, ad apicem leviter foliatis, fronde supera longissimd ; fulvo-albicante, ferrugineo-fusco plus minusve pallide tinctd ; canali subelongato. THE LARGE-HORNED Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, four-angled, spire somewhat acuminated; whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, nodosely plicated between the varices, transversely ridged and striated, ridges small, sharp-angled; four-varicose, varices frondose, fronds peculiarly erect, slightly foliated at the top, uppermost frond the longest ; fulvous white, stained more or less with rusty brown ; canal slightly elongated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. West Indies. This species, though presenting no peculiarity of colour, may be readily distinguished by its four-varicose and quad- rangular structure, and by the straight erect character of the fronds. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Sinensts. Mur. testd elongato-ovatd, subfusi- formi, tenui, spire suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus transversim liratis et striatis, inter varices nodiferis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus regu- laribus, curvatis, pulcherrimé floridis, inciso-serratis ; albicante, fusco tinctd, lineis transversis fuscis ; labro infra medium fortiter erecto-dentato. Tue Cuinesr Murex. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat fusiform, thin, sutures of the spire rather impressed ; whorls transversely ridged and striated, nodiferous between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds regular, curved, beautifully flowered, deeply serrated; whitish, stained with brown, transverse lines brown; lip strongly erectly toothed beneath the middle. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Murex elongatus, var., Sowerby, Conch. Mus. f. 88. Hab. China. The species which I here distinguish by the new title of Murex Sinensis appears to have been confounded for some time past with the Murex elongatus, or the young of the Murex inflatus. Vt is uniformly of a thin structure, and the fronds are of a delicate open flowery growth. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ELoneatus. Mur. testa fusiformi-elongata, tenui- culd, subventricosd ; anfractibus transversim elevato- striatis, inter varices tuberculatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus curvatis, inciso-serratis ; rubido-fusci, columella et aperture fauce nigricante- violascentibus ; canalt subelongato. THE ELONGATED Murex. Shell fusiformly elongated, ra- ther thin, somewhat ventricose ; whorls transversely elevately striated, tuberculated between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds curved, deeply serrated ; dark reddish brown ; columella and interior of the aperture blackish violet ; canal rather elongated. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.571. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. There is not so much novelty in the elongated structure of this species as in its uniform dark reddish-brown colour, and the blackish-violet enamel of the aperture. May 1845. aa 7 10 sent? Murex, PL VI. werby MUREX. Prate VII. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Murex Enpivia. Mur. testd subgloboso-ovatd, ventricosd, spira subturritd ; anfractibus transversim liratis et striatis ; seafariam vel septifariam varicosis, varicibus frondosis, frondibus floridi-foliaceis, laciniato-muri- catis; pallidé ferrugineo-fuscd, frondibus nigricante- Suscis, vel alba, nigricante-fusco zonatd, frondibus al- ternatim nigricante-fuscis et albis, columella et aper- ture fauce albis, rubro marginatis, varicibus rubro- marginatis ; canali brevi, ascendente ; umbilico plerumque amplo. THE ENDIVE Murex. Shell somewhat globosely ovate, ventricose, spire slightly turreted ; whorls transversely ridged and striated; six- or seven-varicose, varices frondose, fronds flowery foliaceous, laciniately muri- cated; pale rusty brown, fronds blackish brown, or white, zoned with blackish brown, fronds alternately white and blackish brown, columella and interior of the aperture white, edged with red, varices edged with red; canal short, ascending; umbilicus fre- quently large. Variety 8. (Fig. 27 a.) Testa octofariam vel nonafariam varicosa, anfractibus su- perné declivibus, inferné contractis, varicibus octonis vel novenis, frondibus minoribus. Shell eight- or nine-varicose, with the whorls bending downwards at the upper part, and contracted at the lower ; fronds smaller. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.253. Variety 8, Murex saxicola, Broderip. Hab. Philippine Islands (found in great abundance in rocky places at low water); Cuming. The leading colour of this magnificent species is a rusty or blackish brown, and it is so differently distributed in different examples, that it would be useless to establish any specific varieties upon so extremely variable a cha- racter. The Murex endivia presents, however, a variety of form which is of much greater importance, so much so, that Mr. Broderip described it in the Zoological Journal as a new species, Murew saxicola. The numerous specimens collected by Mr. Cuming at the Phihppine Islands, abun- dantly testify that the remarkable declination which cha- racterises the upper portion of the whorls in this variety, is no other than that structure of which we find a similar modification in the common Murew trunculus of the Medi- terranean. The red marginal colouring of the columella and outer lips forms a characteristic feature in this species. May 1845. Muren. Pl. Vl »ro-hth Sowerby del et sculp MUREX. Puate VIII. Species 28. (Mus. Saul.) Murex Steertm. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, crassa, transversim granoso-liratd, inter varices fortiter tuber- culatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, fron- dosis, frondibus crispato-ramosis, subcompressis, brevi- usculis, fronde pared interveniente ; fused, liris nigri- cantibus, frondibus purpureo-roseis, columella et aper- ture fauce albis ; labro externo incrassato, intus denti- culato ; canali breviusculo. Sreere’s Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, thick, transversely granosely ridged, strongly tuberculated between the varices ; three-varicose, varices thickened, frondose, fronds crispately branched, somewhat com- pressed, rather short, with a small frond intervening ; brown, ridges blackish, fronds purple-rose, columella and aperture white ; outer lip thickened, denticulated within ; canal rather short. ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? This shell might easily be mistaken for an accidental stunted growth of the Murex palma-rose, were it not for the constancy and marked peculiarity of its characters. The fronds are short and somewhat erect, with a row of small fronds sprouting up at their base, they are also late- rally pinched, as it were, and do not spread in the same flowery bifurcate manner as in the Murex palma-rose. There is another exactly similar example in the collection of Miss Steere, whose name deserves to be recorded in testimony of her honourable zeal for the science. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Movrex apustus. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, cras- siusculd, transversim conspicue liratd et striata, inter varices maxime tuberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, vari- cibus densissime frondosis, frondibus foliaceis, dentato- muricatis ; fuscescente-alld nigro tinctd, liris frondi- busque aterrimis; columellé rosed, interdum luted, aperture fauce alba, roseo marginatd ; canali brevi. Tue BURNT Murex. Shell shortly fusiform, rather thick, transversely conspicuously ridged and striated, very largely tuberculated; three-varicose, varices very thickly frondose, fronds foliaceous, dentately muri- cated; brownish-white stained with black, ridges and fronds jet black; columella rose-colour, some- times yellow, interior of the aperture white, edged with rose; canal short. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.573. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This species may be easily recognised by its jet black colour, and the profuse clustered character of the fronds. Species 30, (Mus. Cuming.) Murex patmMa-rosa. Mur. testé oblongo-fusiformi, cras- siusculd, transversim granoso-liratd, inter varices levi- ter bituberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondo- sis, frondibus foliaceo-ramosis, bifurcatim expansis ; castaneo-fuscescente, liris nigricante-fuscis, frondibus roseo marginatis, columella et aperture fauce albis ; labro columellari denticulato ; canali subelongato. THE RosE-BRANCH Murex. Shell oblong-fusiform, rather thick, transversely granosely ridged, with two slight tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds foliaceously branched, expanded in a bifwreate manner; pale chesnut brown, ridges blackish brown, fronds edged with pink, columella and interior of the aperture white; columellar lip denticulated ; canal rather elongated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix.p.572. Hab. Ceylon. The beautiful pink branched character of the fronds of this species has always rendered it one of peculiar admi- ration to the collector. Species 31. (Mus. Saul.) Murex Savitz. Mur. testd elegantissimeé fusiforme, trans- versim eximie grunoso-liratd, inter varices leviter tuber- culatd ; trifariam varicosé, varicibus frondosis, fron- dibus suberectis, foliaceo-muricatis, fronde minutd interveniente ; pallid luteo-fuscescente rosaceo tinctd, liris castaneo-fuscis, frondibus intus rosaceis, columella canali et aperture fauce albis, rosaceo marginatis ; labro columellari simplici, levi; canali subelongato, recurvo. May 1845. MUREX.—Ptate VIII. Sauu’s Murex. Shell very elegantly fusiform, transversely delicately granosely ridged, slightly tuberculated be- tween the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds rather erect, foliaceously muricated, with a minute frond intervening; pale yellowish brown stained with pink, ridges chesnut brown, fronds pink within, columella canal and interior of the aperture white, edged with pink ; columellar lip simple, smooth, canal rather elongated, recurved. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Murex paima-rose var., Kiener. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. There can be no difficulty in distinguishing this species from the Murex palma-rose; it is of an uniform paler colour, the canal, and columellar and outer lps being edged with pink, whilst the columellar lip presents no indi- cation of being denticulated, and the fronds have here and there a small frond sprouting up at their base. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex rusiainosus. Mur. testa subabbreviato-fusiformi, transversim granoso-lirata et striata, inter varices for- titer tuberculata ; trifariam varicosa, varicibus fron- dosis, frondibus foliaceis, brevibus, alternis parvis, recumbentibus ; pallidé rubiginosd, liris frondibusque nigricante-fuscis ; columella rubiginoso-luted, aperture fauce alba. THE RUSTY MUREX. Shell somewhat abbreviately fusi- form, transversely granosely ridged and_ striated, strongly tuberculated between the varices; three- varicose, varices frondose, fronds foliaceous, short, the alternate small, recumbent; pale rusty brown, ridges and fronds blackish brown ; columella rusty- yellow, interior of the aperture white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Philippine Islands. This shell, of which both Mr. Cuming and Mr. Taylor possess specimens, is quite distinct from any species hitherto described. Murea. Pl 1X cupro hth thers eeve Broth Bat del et sculp Sowerby MUREX. Puate IX, Species 33. (Mus. Saul.) MovrREX cRAssIvaricosa. Mur. testd subabbreviato-fusi- Sormi, crassiusculd ; transversim granoso-lirata et stri- até trifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, rotundatis, frondosis, frondibus parvis, foliaceis, alternis minori- bus ; livido-ferrugined, aperture fauce alba. THE THICK-vaRIcosE Murex. Shell somewhat abbre- viately fusiform, rather thickened, transversely gra- nosely ridged and striated; three-varicose, varices thickened, rounded, frondose, fronds small, foliaceous, alternate ones smaller; livid rusty brown, interior of the aperture white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? A new species of which I have seen several characteristic examples, including an interesting white variety from the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex varius. Mur. testd subrhomboided, fusiformi, transversim granoso-lineatd et striata, post varices spe tuberculata ; anfractibus superneé angulatis, infra rotun- datis; quinquevaricosd, varicibus ad angulum et inferne squamato-tuberculatis, squamis tribus minutis interdum intervenientibus ; albidd, fulvo tinctd, lineis extantibus Suscescentibus ; columella et aperture fauce albis ; ca- nali breviusculo. THE CHANGEABLE Murex. Shell subrhomboidal, fusi- form, transversely granosely lineated and striated,often tuberculated behind the varices ; whorls angulated at the upper part, rounded beneath ; five-varicose, vari- ces squamately tubercled at the angle and towards the base, with three minute scales sometimes coming between ; whitish, stained with fulvous brown, raised lines light reddish-brown, columella and interior of the aperture white ; canal rather short. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, west coast of Africa; Lieut. Shaw. There is a smaller variety of this species in which the tubercles are much fuller and more obtuse, and which ex- hibits no indication of the minute intermediate scales no- ticed above. Species 35. (Mus. Steere.) Murex pomum. Mur. testd fusiformi-oblongd, crassa, so- lida, undiqué scaberrima ; transversim conspicue lirata, inter varices tuberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus lamellis brevibus complicatis tuberculatis ; fulvd aut rufo-fuscescente ; columelld et aperture fauce ochraceis, labro columellari subrugoso, margin eerecto, nigerrimo- fusco, precipue superne, vivide tincto, labro externo Jortiter dentato, maculis tribus nigerrimo-fuscis ornato ; canal breviusculo, compresso, recur'vo. THE appLeE Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong, thick, solid, very rough throughout, transversely conspicuously ridged, tuberculated between the varices ; three-vari- cose, varices tuberculated with a complicated mass of laminz ; fulvous or reddish brown, columella and in- terior of the aperture ochraceous yellow, columellar lip slightly wrinkled, edge erected, vividly stained, especially at the upper part, with very black brown ; outer lip strongly toothed, ornamented with three black-brown spots; canal rather short, compressed, recurved, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., p. 3527, no. 6. Murex asperrimus, Lamarck. Hab. West Indies (found on coral reefs at the Island of St. Vincents); Guilding. Mediterranean, &c. A well-known species which appears to be very widely and abundantly distributed. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ocutatus. Mur. testd fusiformi-oblongd, crassi- usculd, undique leviter scabrosd, transversim liraté et striatd, inter varices bituberculata ; trifariam varicosé, varicibus lamellis brevibus subcomplicatis tuberculatis ; albidd, rufo-fuscescente tincta, varicibus maculis quad- ratis rubentibus alternatim pictis, columella rubente- luted, aperture fauce alba, labro nigerrimo-fusco superné pracipue, maculato, apice rubente ; canali breviusculo, compresso, recurve. Tur byeD Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong, rather thick, slightly scabrous throughout, transversely ridged and striated, with two tubercles between the varices ; three- varicose, varices tuberculated with short rather com- plicated lamelle ; whitish, stained with reddish brown, May 1845. MUREX.—Puate IX. varices painted alternately with square red spots, co- lumella reddish yellow, interior of the aperture white, lip spotted with black-brown, especially at the upper part, apex red, canal rather short, recurved. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. > Although this shell has so many characters in common with the Murea pomum, it exhibits a constant peculiarity of sculpture, form, and colour. In sculpture it is smoother and presents two tubercles between each varix ; in form it is more graceful and slender; and in colour it is peculiarly tinged and spotted with red, with a red apex. I have seen numerous examples of this species, and can distinguish them at a glance from any variety of the Murex pomum. Species 14. (Fig. 14. Plate III. Mus. Taylor; Fig. 14 4. Plate IX. Mus. Cuming.) Murex rosarium. ur. testé globoso-turbinatd, ventri- cos, spird breviuseula ; anfractibus superné rotundato- angulatis, transversim crebriliratis, liris crispato-rugo- sis, subsquamosis ; sexfariam vel septifariam varicosa, varicibus obtusis, angulum super squamato-tuberculatis, basen versus crassisquamatis ; ferrugineo-fuscescente, JSascis tribus nigricante-fuscis interruptis ornatd, vari- cthus roseo marginatis, columella vivide rosea, aperture Sauce roseo trifasciatd ; canali breviusculo, latiusculo, umbilicato. THE ROSE-BED Murex. Shell globosely turbinated, ven- tricose, spire rather short ; whorls rotundately angu- lated at the upper part, transversely closely ridged, ridges wrinkled in a crisped manner, and somewhat squamose; six- or seven-varicose, varices obtuse, squamately tubercled upon the angle, thick-scaled to- wards the base; rusty brown, ornamented with three interrupted dark brown bands, varices edged with rose, columella deep rose colour, interior of the aper- ture stained with three rose bands ; canal rather short, somewhat broad, umbilicated. Variety 8 (Plate III. Fig. 14). Testa globosior, albida, fasciis purpureis, columella citrino- luted. Shell more globose, whitish, with the bands purple, and the columella citron yellow or salmon-colour. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl’ 161. f.1528, 1529. Murex melonulus, Lamarck. Hab. Fernando Po. Variety 8, Senegal. Although this species presents such a striking display of characters it is one of the most variable of the genus. No two shells, for example, are apparently more distinct from each other than the varieties here figured, yet upon examination they will be found to approximate in their plan of sculpture and distribution of colour with the mi- nutest exactness. In form and structure the variations are really extraordinary ; in one richly-coloured example before me, from the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq., the aperture is so large and widely expanded that the shell almost assumes the form of a Pyruda, in another the struc- ture is that of a heavy solid shell like the Murer impe- rialis (though, of course, having no relation with that species). Marea FLX. hth. cupre others Reeve rerby del et MUREX. PuateE X. Species 37. (Mus. Saul.) Murex axtcornis. Variety 8. For description of this species, see Plate XV. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Banxsrt. Mur. testa subelongato-fusiformi, trans- versim granoso-lirata et striatd, inter varices trituber- culatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondi- bus laciniato-foleaceis, recurvis, fronde minutd basi in- terveniente ; castaneo-fuscescente, frondibus nigricante- fuscis, apice rosaceo ; apertura rotundatd, labro pul- cherrimeé denticulato ; canali longiusculo. Banks’ Murex. Shell somewhat elongately fusiform, transversely granosely ridged and striated, with three tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds laciniately foliaceous, recurved, with a minute frond intervening at the base ; light chesnut brown, fronds blackish brown, apex pink; aperture rounded, lip very beautifully denticulated ; canal ra- ther long. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Illus. f. 82. Hab. Moluccas. The sculpture of this species is of a character somewhat similar to that of the Murer avicornis; it agrees with it also in the rounded aperture, closed canal, and finely den- ticulated lip. Here, however, the resemblance ceases, for its form and the growth of the fronds are totally different. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex aLaBasteR. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, spird teste longitudinem equante ; anfractibus transversim liratis et striatis, liris levibus, superné angulatis, nodu- lis duobus tribusve subconspicuis ad angulum armatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus laminato-alatis, tuberculo erecto, profunde canaliculato, ad angulum munitis ; in- tus extusque eburned ; canali breviusculo. THE ALABASTER Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, spire equal to the length of the shell, whorls trans- versely ridged and striated, ridges smooth, angulated at the upper part, armed at the angle with two or three rather conspicuous nodules ; three-varicose, va- rices laminately winged, furnished at the angle with an erect deeply canaliculated tubercle; iyory white within and without; canal rather short, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Island of Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao (found on the beach) ; Cuming. Mr. Sowerby referred this extraordinary shell with some doubt to the Murex acanthropterus; its proportions are, however, so utterly different that I venture to describe it as a new species. No other specimen has been seen. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex micropuyiius. Mur. testé subfusiformi, crassi- usculd, inter varices bi-trituberculatd, transversim gra- noso-lirata et striata, liris extantibus, nodiferis ; tri- varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus superioribus brevibus, subobscuris, inferioribus foliaceis ; columella margine dentato-corrugato ; ferrugineo-fuscd, liris con- spicue nigris, aperture fauce alba, columella luteo- aurantid ; labro denticulato. THE SMALL-LEAF Murex. Shell somewhat fusiform, ra- ther thick, with two or three elongated tubercles be- tween the varices; transversely granosely ridged and striated, ridges prominently standing out, nodiferous ; three-varicose, varices frondose, upper fronds short, somewhat obscure, lower fronds foliaceous; edge of the columella dentately wrinkled; rusty brown, with the ridges conspicuously black, interior of the aperture white, columella yellowish orange ; lip denticulated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.575. Hab. Ceylon (found in rocky places) ; Dr. Siebald. This species is distinguished from the following by the prominent nodulous structure of the ridges, and by their very dark colour; by the obscure blunted growth of the fronds and absence of any pink colouring; and by the dentately wrinkled peculiarity of the edge of the colu- mella. Species 41. (Mus. Saul.) Murex torreractus. Mur. testd subfusiformi, trans- versim eximié granoso-liratd et striata, inter varices bituberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus brevibus, eapanso-foliaceis, frondibus alternis parvis, decumbentibus ; pallidé ustulato-fuscd, liris sa- turatioribus, frondibus intus rosaceis ; columella levi, luteo-aurantia. May 1845, MUREX.—Ptate X. THE scorcHED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiform, trans- versely delicately granosely ridged and striated, with two tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds short, expandedly foliated, alternate fronds small, bending downwards ; pale burnt brown, ridges darker brown, fronds pink within ; columella smooth, yellowish orange. Sowerrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Murex microphyllus, var., Kiener. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. None but a Kiener could fail to discover the specific differences between this shell and the Murex microphyllus, as detailed in my observations on that species. English authors may justly feel indignant at the uncere- monious manner in which their new species are disposed of by this author, merely because he has not the discrimi- nation to appreciate them. Murex, PAT Sowerby, del et hth . Reeve Benham & Reeve imp MUREX. Piate XI. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) MUvREX IMPERIALIS. Mur. testd ovato-ventricosd, crassa, ponderosa, transversim costaté et striata, interstitiis peculiariter puncturatis, tuberculo subelongato varici- formi inter varices armaté; quadrifariam varicoséd, varicibus crassis, tuberculiferis ; albidd, columella cor- rugata ; labro externo dentato ; canali brevi. THE IMPERIAL Murex. Shell ovately ventricose, thick, ponderous, transversely ribbed and striated, interstices peculiarly punctured, armed between the varices with a rather elongated varix-shaped tubercle; four-vari- cose, varices thick, tuberculiferous; whitish, colu- mella wrinkled; outer lip toothed; canal short. Swarnson, Zool. Illus. 2nd Series, vol. 1i. pl. 67. Hab. Isabella Island, California (found on mud banks) ; Captain Belcher, R.N. The mouth of this species is sometimes yellow, some- times deep pink. Of the latter variety there is a beautiful example in the collection of Colonel Drummond. Species 43. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor.) Murex aNnGuLirerus. Mur. testd pyriformi-fusiformi, trigonulari, crassiusculd, transversim striatd, rugosa et leviter corrugatd, tuberculo magno in plicam sepe terminato inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus subincrassatis, squamis brevibus solidiusculis recurvia muricatis armatis ; albd, fascid fuscd interdum cingu- latd, columella et aperture fauce albis, roseo mar- ginatis ; canali breviusculo, ascendente. THE ANGULIFEROUS MurREx. Shell pyriformly fusiform, triangular, rather thick, transversely striated, rough and slightly wrinkled, with a large tubercle between the varices which sometimes terminates in a fold; three-varicose, varices somewhat thickened, and armed with short solid recurved sharp-pointed scales ; white, sometimes encircled with a brown band, columella and interior of the aperture white, edged with pink; canal rather short, ascending. Variety 8. (Fig. 43 4,) Testa omnino fusca. Shell entirely brown. Murex ferrugo, Wood. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.588. Hab, Ceylon (found on the reefs); Miller, R.N. This species, which may easily be distinguished by its peculiarly triangular pyriform shape, is certainly not Le Strat of Adanson (see Plate XXIV.) as Lamarck supposed. The Murex ferrugo of Wood, which I at one time thought to be a distinct species, is unquestionably a variety only of this. Species 44. (Mus. Steere.) Murex sicotor. Mur. testd globoso-oblongd, tenuiusculd, inflata, ventricosd, transversim striata, rugosa et leviter corrugata ; lird magna elongaté variciformi, tubercu- liferi, inter varices ; quinquefariam varicosd, varicibus rotundatis, squamis plus minusve solidis superné et in- ferné, tuberculis compressis in medio, armatis ; rosco- albicante, fuscescente pallidissime tinctd, columella et aperture fauce vivide roseis ; labro columellari latis- simé expanso, margine erecto, labro externo dentato ; canali breviusculo, compresso, ascendeute. THE TWO-coLOURED Murex. Shell globosely oblong, thin, inflated, ventricose, transversly striated, rough and slightly wrinkled, with a large elongated, tuberculi- ferous varix-like ridge between the varices ; five-vari- cose, varices rounded, armed at the upper and lower parts with more or less solid scales, in the middle with compressed tubercles; pinkish white, faintly stained with light brown, columella and interior of the aperture bright pink; columella lip very widely expanded, erect at the edge, outer lip toothed; canal rather short, compressed, ascending. VaLENcIENNES. Zoology of Humboldt and Bonpland’s Voyage, vol. ii. 1821. Murex erythrostoma, Swainson. Murex regius, Schubert and Wagner (not of Swainson). Murex hippocastanum, Philippi (not of Linnzeus). Hab. Gulf of California (found on mud banks at low water) ; Lieutenant Babb, R.N. Dr. Philippi appears to have described and figured in the eighth Part of his ‘ Abbild. und Besch. Conch.’ under the new title of Murex hippocastanum, a small variety of this species in which the columella is white and the light brown colouring rather predominates. May 1845. dew « = we 2a call _" — : y oye A a ae ies hile Weenia i ihe a SPs i) here ae heey AU qangads — eT ter ee ee a jeer ase, ae ie a , : gf}, oe ore) sees oe eterna ai oa t maees yi ws ; ad oh a = iishs) @4 pvemoe Yj the » om & iy ann phe ep @ _ nm a } 7 Fi =<, - ’ : } : oe. a 2 : ss wae : i ut - ee " r hl nd ee i bald eG aan 7 an _ analy us Aachen A ae ie erage = \ - 7 ¥ i . mat Y ‘ — $ eens samba ; i — es ie ae A > , ——— ans ’ one - een n Be - _— — ke : es - 7 ro = ‘| =a ~~ : ~~ oh a _ : a r. _ ve a esl. Gas vi, leis — eel ae ad ve ees = eves + thee : 1 PH) i ‘we i ae al dimnsee a » = ay yrs | | —- — oe pine) ¢ i ee ee | : oe GaN digas |: dm 2 arteries tie fee <> : as a, een wi ob — ens tte = 7 ne ee ah itil et (Some —s Imam te — wh el, ~ @) we a o— awe atin Afra 2 aan | ow a] Mal ie ey ee 0 7 ) Gat & FE moa) wh ana et wy n= joe 1 anvall 6 Bea (te § a) (Wands ss am etd a Re = As agit Wan Io Moy 1 OFF i - a r hs semedied » oe A 1 - Aelia Lape i ‘ye ie pode wl af | a Bion » re & age: A mo / pn 7 24 A A edp | al) a geikaes fh | € hale i datyal cl w “av aes a! { 7 a arf wi, ie 19 sitet r | dpkg er 9 Saree onal. 7 Vet sgheyibue ss si0D - Vip a (og, leh ; ; ‘nett Ceaig ae oe ee ro] ante ah noes (dou Age Sea ‘divvdh Wealth erin ait, 1) Gap ints Ga? . Priya) au? rps Nine Donwpng fee (ptaetamny « ey | pra pear iyia een (iol) aw ¢ one ee i Be i | Secret Pe ed ee ee en Helene, hye a ath GE el rearyem - ead ') cam 6 —S if Hey on : ial al eq ira- aig me Ot ee ee vp tbc cY ot 0 ee At | rHuyed oa +e SL) gaeeesh fd Ah & ay ee Pere “| AB ine (ually her of] 7 = wei to | eeier vagy 64 (oan fii q niin -— @& See Que ( @ ie 8 Yee i 7 i= nm : il i a wld yo J : oe ae a all 1A in fh ame | Y j 8 ald - » raf iy Le oe" TMP Ay 4 earl a4 ws @ ther? 9 — & ~ AG i iw r ree, eo ya we - = Murex, Pl. XIX. R,B & imp del et th ¢.5.5 MUREX. Puate XIX. Species 74. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Murex Funicunatus. Mur. testd claveformi, transversim liratd, liris ad summitatem funiculatis, costis tribus vel quaternis pliceformibus longitudinalibus inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis brevibus, acutis, sursum inclinatis ; fuscescente-albd, funiculis transver- sis castaneis ; aperturd ovatd, columella labroque intus noduliferts ; canali elongato. THe corpED Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely ridged, ridges corded at the summit, with three or four longitudinal plait-like ribs between the varices ; three-varicose, varices spimous, spines short, sharp, inclined upwards; brownish white, transverse cords dark chesnut brown; aperture ovate, columella and lip noduliferous within; canal elongated. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. Hab. ——? An interesting species, well characterised by the fine dark chesnut brown cords with which it is encircled throughout at equal distances. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX RECURVIROSTRIS. versim liratd, costis tribus pliceformibus longitudina- Mur. testé claveformi, trans- libus inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus grandibus rotundis, spinis paucis brevissimis minutis muricatis ; cinereo-nigricante, fuscescente zonatd ; canali elongato, PECUIVO, THE RECURVED BEAK Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans- versely ridged, with three plait-like longitudinal ribs between the varices; three-varicose, varices large, round, muricated with a few very short minute spines ; ashy black, zoned with light brown; canal elongated, recurved. BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Gulf of Nicoivo, Central America (found in sandy mud at the depth of about nine fathoms); Cuming. The varices of this species are unusually large and swollen, with a minute spine sprouting up here and there. Species 76. (Fig. 76. Mus. Saul; and Fig. 73, Pl. XIX. Mus. Cuming.) Murex TerRNispina. Mur. testa elongato-claveformi, transversim liratd, liris parvis, inequalibus, interstitiis corrugatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spi- nis gracilibus, ternis prelongis, intermediis breviusculis ; canali longissimo, spinoso, spinis alternis prelongis, horizontalibus, alternis breviusculis, erectis ; lutescente- aut cinereo-grised ; aperturd ovatd, labro dente pla- nulato erecto munito. THE TRIPLE-SPINE Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely ridged, ridges small, unequal, interstices wrinkled ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines slen- der, three very long, alternate ones rather short; canal very long, spinous, spines alternately very long and rather short, the long spines being horizontal, the short ones erect; yellowish or ashy grey; aper- ture ovate, lip furnished with a flattened erect tooth. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.567. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. This shell I conceive to be the true Murex ternispina of Lamarck, and not that figured for it by Kiener. Species 77. (Mus. Taylor.) Mvrex sBrevispina. Mur. testé claveformi, tenuiculd, transversim striata, inter varices nodosd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinis brevibus obesiusculis armatis ; Suscescente-alba ; canali elongato, superne brevispinoso ; apertura ovata, labro dente planulato erecto munito. THE SHORT-SPINE Murex. Shell club-shaped, rather thin, transversely striated, nodose between the vari- ces; three-varicose, varices armed with rather stout short spines ; brownish white ; canal elongated, short- spined ; aperture ovate, furnished with an erect flat- tened tooth. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. ix. p.567, Hab. Coast of Arabia. This species has generally a double row of nodules bee tween the varices. June 1845. MUREX.—Puate XIX. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Minpanensis. Mur. testa elongato-claveformi, transversim liratd, costis tribus pliceformibus inter va- rices; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinis brevibus acutis canaliculatis muricatis ; lutescente-albd, varicibus aurantio-fusco pallidé maculatis ; canali elon- gato, inferné sinuato-recurvo. Tue Mrnpanao Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely ridged, with three plait-like ribs between the yarices ; three-vyaricose, varices round, muricated with short sharp canaliculated spines; yellowish- white, varices spotted with pale orange brown; canal elongated, sinuately recurved at the lower part. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. This species has somewhat the appearance of an elongated Murex rarispina (Murex formosus, Sowerby), divested of its three long anterior spines. Vincent Brooks, Imp WFitch, del et ith. MUREX. PLATE XX: Species 79. (Mus. Saul.) MuREX NIGRISPINOSUS. Mur. elongato-claveformi, trans- versim liratd et striata, liris inequalibus, subnodosis, spird breviusculd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spino- sts, spinis erecto-elongatis ; canali elongato, ad extre- mitatem leviter recurvo, spinoso, spinis longis, subcur- vatis, purpurascente-alba, fusciis tribus vel quaternis Suscescentibus subindistincte cingulata, spinis purpureo- nigricantibus. THE BLACK-SPINED MurEX. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely ridged and striated, ridges unequal, slightly nodose; spire rather short; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines erectly elongated ; canal elon- gated, shghtly curved back at the extremity, spined, spines long, a little curved; purplish white, some- what indistinctly encircled with three or four light brown bands, spines purple-black. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. 2 This shell should, I think, be distinguished from the Murex tribulus, to which it is most nearly allied. Its cha- racters throughout present an agreable modification which is constant in all the examples I have seen. Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX PLICIFERUS. ventricosd, transversim subtiliter liratd, liris angustis, Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, medio numerosis, rugis minutis longitudinalibus undique gra- -noso-decussatis ; tuberculis duobus plicato-elongatis in- ter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus spinis canaliculatis brevibus inequalibus, quarum und antica subconspicud, armatis ; albd, aurantio-fuscescente pallide tincté ; ca- nali subelongato, recurvo. THE PLicaTED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, ventri- cose in the middle, transversely finely ridged, ridges narrow, numerous, granosely decussated throughout with minute longitudinal wrinkles, with two plicately elongated tubercles between the varices; three-vari- cose, varices armed with short unequal canaliculated spines one anterior of which is conspicuous; white, faintly tinged with orange-brown ; canal rather elon- gated, recurved. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Had. ? A fine species, of which I do not remember to have seen any other specimen. The back of it is well figured in Sowerby’s ‘ Conchological Mustrations,’ Murex, £.101. Species 81. (Mus. Saul.) Morex occa. Mur. testé claveformi, levi, aut obsolete striata ; anfractibus superné angulatis, nodis duobus inter varices ad angulum armatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis longiusculis, sursum inclinatis ; luteo- aut cinereo-cerulescente ; canali longissimo, recto, trifariam spinoso ; aperturé ovata, labro dente planu- lato erecto munito. THE HARROW Murex. Shell club-shaped, smooth or ob- soletely striated ; whorls angulated at the upper part, armed upon the angle between the varices with two nodules ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines rather long, bent upwards, yellowish or ashy blue; canal very long, straight, armed with three rows of spines ; aperture ovate, lip furnished with an erect flattened tooth. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1840 ; Conch. Hlus., Murex, f.45. Hab. Island of Nicobar (found in sandy mud); Commo- dore Ludlin. An excellent species which may be recognised by the smooth, angular structure of the spire, and the upward inclination of the spines. Species 82. (Mus. Metcalfe.) MUREX TRIBULUS. versim obtuso-liratd, liris alternis majoribus, intersti- Mur. testa trigono-claveformi, trans- tus rugosis; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis longiusculis, validis, inferne crassis ; pallide Sulvd, liris fusco alboque plus minusve distinct? articu- latis ; canali longissimo, recurvo. THE BRAMBLEX Mure. Shell triangularly club-shaped, transversely obtusely ridged, alternate ridges the larger, interstices wrinkled; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines rather long, strong, thick at the base : pale fulvous white, ridges more or less distinctly arti- culated with brown or white; canal very long, re- curved. June 1845. MUREX.—Puatr XX. Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214. Murex crassispina, Lamarck (not of Kiener). Murex ternispina, Kiener (not of Lamarck). Hab. Kastern Seas. M. Deshayes’ note on this species in his edition of La- marck’s ‘ Anim. sans vert.’ so admirably exposes the com- plicated series of errors connected with it, that I cannot do better than give a free translation :— “Tt is very certain that this species (Murex crassispina, Lamarck), is the same as that named Murex tribulus by Linneus. Lamarck recognised it himself in citing the Linnean name at the commencement of his synonymy ; and should have restored to the species a name which it ought never to have lost. It is true that Linneus refers, amongst others, to some figures of the Murex tenuispina for the illustration of his Murer tribulus; but this confu- sion, easy to rectify, does not authorise a change of name.” “Tt should be observed that Lamarck confounded two very distinct species in his synonymy of Murex crassispina ; one, the true Murex tribulus of Linneeus,—Martini, Conch. Cab. yol. ii. pl. 118. f. 1053, 13850, which name should be adopted ; the other, the Murer tribulus maximus of Chem- nitz,—Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 189. f. 1819, 1820, (for which see Pl. XXII. Fig. 89.), described by Dillwyn under the new title of Murex scolopaz. This Murex had been already figured by Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. iti. pl. 113. f. 1052, as a variety of M. triéulus; and a further error arises on the part of Mr. Sowerby, in his ‘ Catalogue of Murices’ in the ‘ Conchological Iustrations.’ For the Murex crassispina, Lamarck, he refers to Martini’s, f.1052 ; and for the Murex scolopax, Dillwyn, to Chemnitz’s, f.1819, 1820, without perceiving that they represent exactly one and the same species. M. Kiener falls into a similar error, and neither author having searched for the origin of these species, they have both committed themselves in not having figured the true Murex tribulus at all.” In reference to the latter part of this remark I may ob- serve, that the shell figured by Kiener for the Murex ter- nispina is in my opinion the Murex tribulus; the true Murex ternispina being correctly figured by Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 110, and by myself, Pl. XVIII. f. 73, and Pl. XIX. f. 76, in my account of which the differences be- tween these two so closely approximating species are detailed. R,B&R imp del et Lith. MUREX. PraTe XXI. Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex curysostoma. Mur. testé abbreviato-claveformi, transversim noduloso-striatd, tuberculis tribus aut plu- ribus inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotun- dis, tuberculato-liratis, spind validé breviusculé curvata ad basem ; olivaceo-cinered, luteo tincté et maculata ; columellé corrugatd, rufo-aurantio tinctd ; canali sub- elongato, recurvo. THE GOLDEN MouTH Murex. Shell abbreviately club- shaped, transversely nodulously striated with three or four tubercles between the varices; three-varicose, varices round, tuberculately ridged, with a strong rather short curved spine at the base; olive-ash co- lour, stained and spotted with yellow; columella wrinkled, stained with rufous orange; canal some- what elongated, recurved. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. lus. Cat., Murex, no. 8. f. 1. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. This shell is of a peculiar dark olive ash colour, tinged and irregularly stained with yellow; the edge of the lip and of the varices is festooned, in a manner, with reddish brown; and the columellar lip is coloured in places with rich rufous orange. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) MvREX BELLUS. ratis, liris tuberculato-nodosis ; trivaricosd, varicibus Mur. testa clavaformi, transversim li- rotundis, tuberculato-liratis, spind brevi acuté ad ba- sem ; albicante, castaneo-fusco supra et infra maculata, liris castaneo conspicue funiculatis, columella labroque rufo-aurantio tinctis ; canali subelongato. PRETTY Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely ridged, ridges tubercularly noduled throughout; three- varicose, varices round, tubercularly ridged, with a short sharp spine at the base ; whitish, spotted above and below with chesnut brown, ridges conspicuously corded with chesnut-brown, lip and columella stained with rufous-orange; canal rather elongated. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? THE Allied to the preceding species in respect to its rufous orange mouth, but of a different colour and sculpture throughout. Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX TENUISPINA. transversim noduloso-liratd, interstitiis rugis longitu- dinalibus clathratis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus par- vis, planiusculis, longispinosis ; canali elongato, sexfa- riam spinoso, spinarum seriebus alternis longissimis tenuibus horizontalibus ad extremitatem aduncis, alter- nis parvis intermediis erectis ; cinereo- aut cerules- cente-fuscd, aperture fauce nigricante-fusco lineata. THE THIN-sPINE Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely nodulously ridged, interstices latticed with longitudinal wrinkles; three-varicose, varices small, rather flattened, long-spined ; canal elongated, armed with six rows of spines, three rows of very long thin horizontal spines bent inwards at the end, alternating with three rows of small erect intermediate spines ; ashy or blueish brown, interior of the aper- ture lineated with blackish brown. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.566, Hab. EKastern Seas. Mur. testéi elongato-claveformi, No one can fail to admire the very delicate and beauti- ful structure of this well-known species. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex RARISPINA. Mur. testd trigono-claveformi, trans- versim nodoso-liraté ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spind anticg prelongd, subcurvd, ceteris bre- vissimis irregularibus ; fuscescente, roseo-violascente tinctdé ; canali subelongato, ascendente. THE RARE-SPINE Murex. Shell triangularly club-shaped, transversely nodosely ridged ; three-varicose, varices spinous, the anterior spine of each very long, a little curved, the rest very short, irregular; pale brown, tinged with pinkish violet ; canal somewhat elongated, ascending. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix. p.567. Murex formosus, Sowerby. 2 Hab. I quite agree with MM. Kiener and Deshayes in assign- ing this shell to Lamarck’s Murex rarispina ; but the mis- chievous tendency of an observation in reference to it by M. Kiener must be exposed. It it stated by that author June 1845. MUREX.—Puate XXI. that “the varieties of the Murex rarispina are very numer- ous, and have served for the establishment of several spe- cies which cannot be preserved, such as the MV. plicatus, pliciferus, and Mindanensis.” It is only necessary to refer my readers to the descriptions and figures of those species to show that M. Kiener must have been totally unacquainted with them, for their specific characters are really determin- able at a glance. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex puicatus. Mur. testdé, abbreviato-claveformi, crassiusculd, transversim nodoso-lirata, longitudinaliter plicata ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinosis, spinis brevibus, obtusis ; canali subelongato, recto, tri- fariam spinoso, spinis obesis, longioribus ; fuscescente, purpureo-cinereo tincta et fasciata. Tue pLicaTtED Murex. Shell abbreviately club-shaped, rather thick, transversely nodosely ridged, longitudi- nally plicated, three-varicose, varices round, spinous, spines short, obtuse; canal somewhat elongated ; straight, armed with three rows of stout longer spines; pale brown, tinged and banded with purple ash colour. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Gulf of Nicoiyo (found in coarse sand at the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. No two species of a group could be pronounced to be more truly distinct than this and the Murex rarispina. The latter is a ight delicately formed shell, distinguished bythe prominent developement of the extreme anterior spine of each varix over the rest which are very short, irregular, and scale-like; the latter is a shell of rather rude obtuse structure, in which the spines are stout and solid, and exhibit this peculiarity of distribution,—that whilst upon the va- rices they are extremely short and in some cases almost ob- solete, upon the canal they are comparatively long. Murex. Fi. XM G.B.S. delet lith . MUREX. Puate XXII. Species 97. (Fig. 87, H.M. The King of Denmark.) MvreEx TRIGONULUS. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, cur- vata, transversim nodoso-liratd, ad basem striata et cos- tata, longitudinaliter plicata ; trifariam varicosd, vari- cibus tuberculiferis, ad basem plicato-laminatis ; canali subelongato-recurvo ; lutescente-alba, roseo tincta et ne- bulosé, macularum quadratarum fuscescentium seriebus duabus ornata. THE TRIANGULAR Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, curved, transversely nodosely ridged, striated and ribbed at the base, longitudinally plicated; three-va- ricose, varices tuberculiferous, plicately laminated at the base; canal somewhat elongately recurved; yel- lowish white, stained and clouded with pink, orna- mented with two rows of square pale brown spots. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix.p.581. Hab. Red Sea. This important shell, from the private collection of H.M. The King of Denmark at Copenhagen, is the only example of the species that I have seen with the canal properly developed. Those figured by Sowerby, Kiener, and in the ‘ Encyclopédie Meéthodique,’ being worn spe- cimens, and all having the delicate recurved canal posi- tively broken off. It may be recognised by the character- istic plicated lamina into which the varices terminate at the base, and by its strong scarlet-pink colouring. It may be as well to repeat that the Murices trigueter and ¢rigonulus are figured in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ and by Kiener, the one for the other. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex moracitia. Maur. testé claveformi, crassiusculd, transversim liratd, liris angustis, subnodosis, tuberculis prominentibus inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, vari- ctbus rotundis, spind brevi acuté antice armatd, posticé laminataé et spinoso-squamaté ; canali attenuato, late- raliter recurvo ; albicante, maculis fasciisque rufo-fuscis profuse tinctd. THE wacTain Murex. Shell club-shaped, rather thick, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, slightly nodose, with two prominent tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices round, armed anteriorly with a sharp short spine, posteriorly laminated and spinosely sealed; canal attenuated, laterally recurved ; whitish, profusely stained with reddish brown bands and blotches. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 163. f. 1563. Murex imotacilla, var. b, Lamarck. Hab. Senegal. The shell which Lamarck describes for the Murex mota- cilla of Chemnitz, is one of very opposite character, now known to conchologists as the Murex elegans ; his var. 6. is the true species. Mr. Sowerby described the Murex elegans in the ‘ Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1840, and figured it in his ‘Conchological Illustrations,’ f. 84, without dis- covering it to be Lamarck’s Murex motacilla. He more- over published a drawing of another shell at Fig. 69, as a variety of Murex motacilla, which has little or no affinity with it, and which I propose to distinguish by the new title of Murex articulatus. M. Kiener very properly distinguishes, and correctly figures, the Murices elegans and motacilla, confounded to- gether by Lamarck; but ludicrously applies to his MZ. mo- tacilla the description which Lamarck drew up from the now called MZ. elegans. Species 89. (Mus. Brit.) Murex scotopax. Mur. test@ elongato-claveformi, levi, aut transversim obsolete striata et liratd, liris distan- tibus ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis so- lidiusculis, subdistantibus, sursum inclinatis; canali sexfariam spinoso, seriebus alternis spinis fortibus lon- gissimis, horizontalibus, alternis spinis minutis erectis ; albicante, liris transversis conspicue aurantio-fuscis. THE woopcock Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, smooth or transversely obsoletely striated and ridged, ridges distant ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines rather solid, somewhat distant, bent upwards ; canal armed with six rows of spines, one row with the spines strong, very long, and horizontal, alternating with the other, having the spines minute and erect ; whitish, transverse ridges conspicuously coloured with orange- brown. Ditutwyn, Descriptive Catalogue of Shells, vol. ii. p. 681, Murex, no. 3. Hah. Persian Gulf. This species may be distinguished, amongst other cha- racters, by the narrow transverse orange-brown bands. June 1845. MUREX.—Prare XXII. Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex messorius. Mur. testdé claveformi, transversim tuberculatd et nodosd, interstitiis leviter corrugatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, tuberculato-liratis, spinis tribus acutissimis armatis, und anticd brevi, dua- bus posticis longioribus curvatis ; canalt subelongato ; olivaced, rufo-fusco. minutissime et densissime undatd ; columella labroque intus dentato-corrugatis. THr REAPING-HOOK Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans- versely tuberculated and noduled, interstices shghtly wrinkled ; three-varicose, varices round, tubercularly ridged, armed with three very sharp spines, one an- terior, short, two posterior, longer, curved; canal rather elongated; olive, very minutely and thickly waved with reddish brown; columella and lip den- tately wrinkled within. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Dus. f. 98. Hab. ? The painting and sculpture of this species approximates very closely to that of the Murex chrysostoma, except in the absence of the bright rufous-orange colour of the columella. In form it is smaller, more erect, and an- | gulated. Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex rectirostris. Mur. testé claveformi, spire su- turis excavatis ; transversim elevato-striatd, longitudi- naliter noduloso-costata ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, pone excavatis, spind unicd, brevi, acuta, an- tice armatis ; canali elongato, recto ; fuscescente, fusco maculato-fasciata. THE STRAIGHT-BEAK Murex. Shell club-shaped, sutures of the spire excavated, transversely elevately striated, longitudinally nodulously ribbed; three-varicose, va- rices round, excavated behind, armed anteriorly with a single short sharp spine; canal elongated, straight ; pale brown, banded in a blotchy manner with darker brown. | Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Xipixapi, West Colombia (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming. Well characterised by its straight erect growth, pale brown colouring, and other minor peculiarities. . Murex, Pl. AY. N) ay FWY RB & Ramp. GB. 8S. del et th MUREX. Prats XXIII. Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX NIGRESCENS. liratd, liris angustis, prominentibus, longitudinaliter nodoso-costatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, solidis, nodiferis, spinis perpaucis minutis subobscuris inferne munitis; nigrescente-olivaced, fasciis duabus nigris pictd ; canali elongato. THE BLACKISH Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, prominent, longitudinally no- dosely ribbed; three-varicose, varices round, solid, nodiferous, with a very few rather obscure minute spines at the lower part ; blackish-olive, painted with two black bands; canal elongated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia (found in sandy mud at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming. Mur. testé claveformi, transversim This species, although closely approximating to the Murex recurvirostris, exhibits differences which may be re- cognised by careful comparison ; it it more ventricose, and the spire more elevated. Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex apunco-spinosus. Mur. testd claveformi, trans- versim fortiter liratd, longitudinaliter plicato-costata ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinis fortibus breviusculis leviter aduncis, spinis minutis intervenien- tibus, armatis ; lutescente-fuscd ; canali elongato, su- perne spinoso. THE HOOKED-sPINE Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans- versely strongly ridged, longitudinally plicately rib- bed ; three-varicose, varices round, armed with rather short, strong, slightly hooked spines, with minute spines intervening ; yellowish-brown ; canal elongated, spinous at the upper part. Beck ; Murew ternispina, var., Sowerby, Conch, Mus. Cat., Murices, no. 2. f. 68. Hab, Phihppine Islands ; Cuming. The leading characteristic features of this shell are so peculiar and constant that I am induced to follow Dr. Beck "in arranging it as a species distinct from the Murex terni- spina. The spines are shorter, the ridges are much more strongly nodwlous, and all the examples I have seen are of a certain brownish yellow colour. Species 94. (Mus. Saul.) Murex tumutosus. Mur. testd elongato-claveformi, trans- versim subgranoso-liratd et striatd, spird depress, su- turis profunde excavatis, subcavernosis, apice acumi- nato ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, pone excavatis, tribus vel quaternis ultimis spinis squame- Sormibus duabus breviusculis divergentibus armatis ; lutescente, aurantio-fusco hic illic tinctd et maculata ; canali longissimo, recto, spiraliter spinoso. Tue tumuLous Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely somewhat granosely ridged and striated, spire depressed, sutures deep, excavated, somewhat cavernous, apex acuminated; seven-varicose, varices round, excavated behind, the three or four last varices armed with a diverging pair of rather short scale-like spines ; yellowish, stained and spotted here and there with orange-brown ; canal very long, straight, spirally spinous. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. ? I quite agree with Mr. Sowerby in his estimation of this unique and valuable species; a hybrid, as it were, between the Murices cornutus and brandaris, but presenting an as- semblage of peculiarities distinct from either. M. Kiener asserts that this shell is merely a variety of the Murer cornutus, but I cannot see what right he has to question the validity of any of those species described in the ** Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” which he has never had an opportunity of seeing. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) Morex wavstettum. Mur. testi elongato-claveformi, transversin striata, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicata ; trivaricosd, varicibus rotundis, muticis ; fuscescente, lineis spadiceis cingulatd ; varicibus maculis quadratis nigricante-fuscis ornatis, col unella labroque rubentibus ; canali longissimo, gracili, spinis squamaformibus bre- vibus perpaucis superne munito ; apertura rotundato- ovata. THE SNIPE’s HEAD Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, transversely striated, longitudinally nodosely plicated ; three-varicose, varices round, spineless ; pale brown, encircled with rusty-brown lines, varices ornamented August 1845. MUREX.—Piare XXIII. with square blackish-brown spots, lip and columella red; canal very long, slender, furnished at the upper part with a very few short scale-like spines ; aperture rotundately ovate. Linyvus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214. Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &e. This well-known species is found abundantly through- out the regions of the Hast. The magnificent specimen here figured was collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philip- pine Islands. Species 96. (Mus. Taylor.) Murex Branparis. ur. testé claveformi, transversim subirregulariter liratd et striata ; seafariam varicosé, varicibus planulatis, nune muticis et tuberculatis, nunc spinis squameformibus duabus breviusculis divergentibus armatis ; luteo-fuscescente, columella et aperture fauce lutescentibus ; columellé sepe latissimé inflata ; canali subelongato. THE STRAIT-SPINED Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans- versely somewhat irregularly ridged and striated ; six- varicose, varices flattened, spineless and tubercled, sometimes armed with two rather short diverging seale-like spines ; yellowish-brown, columella and in- terior of the aperture yellowish ; columella often very widely inflated; canal rather elongated. Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214. Hab. Mediterranean. This well-known Mediterranean species, like its fellow- inhabitant the Murex trunculus, is extremely variable in its growth, examples being frequently seen without a sin- gle spine. RB & R imp del et th CBS ( MUREX. Puate XXIV. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex sEcunpus. Mur. testa subpyriformi-ovatd, trans- versim liratd, scabrosd, spird brevi, cavernosa ; quin- quefariam varicosd, varice ultimo dilatato, planifron- doso, frondibus numerosis, confertis, canaliculatis ; alba, nigricante-fusco tincta ; canali breviusculo, planulato. THE NEXT-ALLIED Murex. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, transversely ridged, scabrous, spire short, ca- vernous ; five-varicose, last varix dilated, flatly fron- dose, fronds numerous, close-set, canaliculated ; white, stained with blackish brown; canal rather short, flattened. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.586. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. This is the “ next-allied”” species to the Murex scorpio ; from which it differs in the spire not being deeply sutured, more like that of the Murer rota, and in the marginal va- rix having none of the large palmated fronds. Species 98. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.) MUREX SALEBROSUS. ruleformi, scabrosi, spird interdum brevi, interdum Mur. testa elongato-ovata, sub-Py- elata, angulato-turritd ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus undato-laminatis, nonnullis sepé obsoletis ; anfractibus superne plus minusve angulatis, ad angulum irregula- riter obtuse nodosis ; fuscescente, fusco fasciatd ; aper- turd subangusta, alba, columelldé labroque aurantio-ru- bris, labro dentato ; canali brevi. THE RUGGED Murex. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat Pyrula-shaped, rough, spire sometimes short, some- times elevated, angularly turreted; six-varicose, va- rices undulately laminated, some often obsolete ; whorls more or less angulated at the upper part, irregularly obtusely noduled at the angle; pale brown, banded with dark brown, aperture rather narrow, white, lip and columella orange-red, lip toothed ; ca- nal short. Kine, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 347. SoweErsy, Conch. Mlus., f. 48. Murex vitulinus, var., Gray. Beechey’s Voyage, p.108. pl. 33. f. 4 and 6. Hab. Panama (found under stones) ; Cuming. IT cannot agree with Mr. Gray in regarding this shell, of which numerous specimens are to be found, as a variety of the Murex vitulinus. It is of extremely variable growth, as the specimens selected for illustration show, but they all exhibit one uniform peculiarity of character. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ELEGANS. Mur. testd contorto-claveformi, crassi- usculd, transversin liratd, liris angustis, ad summitatem minute granoso-funiculatis ; trifariam varicosd, vari- cibus rotundis, hic illic obscuré spinoso-plicatis ; alba, Suniculis transversis nitide castaneo-fuscis ; canali lon- giusculo, gracili, oblique contorto. Tub ELEGANT Murex. Shell contortly club-shaped, ra- ther thick, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, mi- nutely granulously corded; three-varicose, varices round, here and there obscurely spinously plicated ; white, transverse cords bright chesnut brown; canal rather long, slender, obliquely contorted. Beck ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Murices, no. 19. f. 84. Hab, \sland of St. Domingo, West Indies. Easily distinguished by its peculiarly contorted growth, and the neat appearance of its entire surface being crossed by a series of equi-distant fine brown thread-like cords. Species 100. (Mus. Brit.) Murex catcar. Mur. testa trigono-fusiformi, transversim liratd, liris alternis majoribus, interstitiis, subscabrosis, costis nodoso-plicatis tribus longitudinalibus inter va- rices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus peculiariter fimbri- ato-laminatis, spind longiusculd recurvd superne arma- tis ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco hic illie pallide tincté ; ca- nali mediocri. Tue spur Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, trans- versely ridged, alternate ridges the larger, interstices somewhat scabrous ; with three longitudinal nodosely plicated ribs between the varices ; three-varicose, va- rices peculiarly fimbriately laminated, armed at the upper part with a rather long recurved spine ; white, palely tinged here and there with rusty brown; canal middling. August 1845. MUREX.—Ptatr XXIV. Krener, Icon. Coq. vivantes, p. 107. pl. 36. f. 2. Murex Senegalensis, var., Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 61. Hab. > This shell approximates very closely to the Murex Sene- galensis, but I still think with M. Kiener that it may be distinguished as a species ; the horn-like spines are longer, and they are webbed at the base with a delicate lamina, which in the Murea Senegalensis is folded down, as it were, upon the varix. Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) MuREX SENEGALENSIS. Mur. trigono-fusiformi, trans- versim lirata, liris numerosis confertis, interstitiis mi- nute scabrosis, tuberculis duobus grandibus inter varices; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spind breviusculé recurva ad angulum armatis ; livido-fuscé ; canali mediocri. Tue Senecat Murex, Shell triangularly fusiform, trans- versely ridged, ridges numerous, close-set, interstices minutely scabrous, with two large tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices round, armed with a rather short recurved spine at the angle; livid brown ; canal middling. GMELIN, Syst. Nat., p. 3537. Le Sirat, Adanson, Voy. en Sénégal, pl. 8. f. 19. Hab, Senegal; Brazil. Lamarck appears to have omitted mention of this spe- cies, and referred to Adanson’s figure of it for the illustration of his Murex anguliferis. RB&R amp Murex PL XX. “tee = 2 vw? : 3 ep) r Sy ~ ey +B gi Noa MUREX. Prats XXV. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Purpura. Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, basem versus attenuata, scabra ; septifariam vel octofariam varicosd, varicibus obtuso-nodosis ; aurantio-lutescente, varicum partibus inferioribus nodisque nigricantibus ; apertura pyriformi-ovatd ; labro intus denticulato. Tue Purpura Murex. Shell ovately oblong, attenuated towards the base, rough; seven- or eight-varicose, varices obtusely nodose ; orange-yellow, nodules and lower parts of the varices blackish ; aperture pyri- formly ovate; lip denticulated within. CuEmn1Tz, Conchylien Cab., vol. x. pl. 161. f. 1552-5. Murex miliaris, Gmelin. Murex vitulinus, Lamarck. Hab. West Coast of Africa. The entire surface of this shell is peculiarly rough and scabrous, and the varices are distinguished by their large blunt rounded nodules. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex trivineatus. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, utringue attenuata, solidiusculd, transversim regulariter liratd, longitudinaliter plicato-costatd ; trifariam vari- cost, varicibus rotundis, spinis brevissimis squamefor- mibus hie illic armatis ; albd, Jilis castaneo-fuscis tri- bus distantibus transversim lineatd ; aperturd rotunda, labro intus denticulato-striato ; canali longiusculo, gra- cili, ascendente. TRILINEATED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, attenuated at both ends, rather solid, transversely re- gularly ridged ; longitudinally plicately ribbed ; three- varicose, varices round, armed here and there with very short scale-like spines; white, encircled with three distant chesnut-brown thread-like lines ; aper- ture round, lip denticulately striated within, canal rather long, slender, ascending. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. A white shell, distinguished by three brown thread-like cords crossing it at rather distant intervals. THE Species 104. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Murex concinnus. Mur. testd elongato-clavaformi, longi- tudinaliter subobsolete plicato-costatd, transversim evi- mie liratd, lirarum interstitiis minutissime squamatis ; trivaricosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis breviusculis gra- cilibus erectis acutis; pallid? fuscescente, filis castaneo- fuscis, quarum tribus saturatioribus, cingulatd ; canali gracili, longissimo, recto, superné spinoso. THE NEAT Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, lon- gitudinally rather obsoletely plicately ribbed, trans- versely delicately ridged, interstices between the ridges very minutely scaled ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines rather short, slender, erect, sharp ; pale light brown, encireled with chesnut-brown thread-like lines, three of which are of deeper colour than the remain- der ; canal slender, very long, straight, spinous at the upper part. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? An extremely delicate and elegantly formed shell in which the coloured thread-like lines, as in the preceding species, of another form, are very characteristic. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) Morex rota. solete scabrosd, spira brevi, cavernosa; septifariam vari- Mur. testa oblongo-ovaté, levigatd aut ob- cosa, varicibus quaternis quinisve ultimis frondibus pla- nis canaliculatis, ad apicem dilatatis et peculiariter palmatis, ornatis ; nived ; canali breviusculo. THE WATER-WHEEL Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth or obsoletely scabrous, spire short, cavernous ; seven- varicose, last four or five varices ornamented with flat canaliculated fronds, dilated and peculiarly palmated at the summit; snowy white; canal rather short. Sowerrsy, Conch. Illus. Cat. Murices, no. 73. f. 119. Hab. Molueca and Philippine Islands. It is strange that this well-known species should not have been distinguished either by Lamarck or Deshayes. It differs from the Murex scorpio not only in having four or five of the varices handsomely palmated, but is of a dif- ferent form ; the body whorl being fuller and not separated from the penultimate whorl by so deep a suture; the canal moreover is shorter August 1845. MUREX.—Puate XXV. Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex scorpio. Mur. testé elongato-ovatd, gracili, sub- fusiform, spird brevi, suturis profundis et latis ; quin- quefariam varicosd ; varice ultimo frondibus planis ca- naliculatis, ad apicem dilatatis et peculiariter palmatis, ornato ; nigricante-fuscd, interdum alba; apertura parva ; canali longiusculo, frondoso. THE scorpion Murex. Shell elongately ovate, slender, somewhat fusiform, spire short, sutures very deep and broad ; five-varicose, last whorl ornamented with flat canaliculated fronds, dilated and peculiarly pal- mated at the summit; blackish-brown, sometimes white; aperture small; canal rather long, frondose. Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1215. Hab. Molucea and Philippine Islands. It cannot be denied that a very close affinity exists be- tween this and the preceding species; but it may be as- serted without hesitation, that the differences are positive and constant. In addition to those already enumerated, it may be observed, that the varices are always fewer in number, and the last two or three are entirely separated from the penultimate whorl by the deep wide suture. Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex nopatus. Mur. testa abbreviato-fusiformi, subclava- ta, utrinque attenuata, longitudinaliter subplicatd, trans- versim liratd, liris nodiferis ; trifariam varicosd, vari- cibus rotundis, spinis brevibus acutis armatis ; luteo- Suscescente, lineis fuscis inter nodos cingulatd ; canali longiusculo, gracili, oblique ascendente. THE KNoTTED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, clavate, attenuated at both ends, longitudinally subplicated, transversely ridged, ridges nodiferous ; three-varicose, varices round, armed with sharp small spines; yel- lowish-brown, encircled between the nodules with brown lines; canal rather long, obliquely ascending. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? This shell was figured in the Conchological Iustrations by Mr. Sowerby, as a variety of the Murex motacilla, with which species he was probably not at the time acquainted, as it bears little or no affinity with it. Species 108. (Mus. Saul.) Morex stmiuis. Mur. testdé abbreviato-fusiformi, spird subturritd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, transversim obsolete striatis, tuberculis tribus nodiferis inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinis brevissimis acutis armatis ; luteo-albicante, fasciis duabus aurantio-fus- cescentibus latiusculis distantibus cingulatd ; apertura rotundato-ovata, labro columellari subconspicuo ; canali longiusculo, oblique ascendente. THE stuiLaR Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, spire somewhat turreted, whorls a little angulated at the upper part, transversely obsoletely striated, with three nodiferous tubercles between the varices ; three-vari- cose, varices armed with very short sharp spines; yellowish white, encircled with two rather wide orange- brown bands; aperture rotundately ovate, columellar lip rather conspicuous ; canal rather long, obliquely ascending. SowrErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. ? This is a very excellent species, and perfectly distinct from the preceding, a comparison with which is recorded by Mr. Sowerby in the Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 140, under the impression of its being the Murex motacilla. q 712 ump R,B&R 718 del et Lith. GBS, MUREX. Puate XXVI. Species 109. (Mus. Belcher.) MUREX GYRATUS. minutis, numerosis, eleganter crenatis, undique sculpta ; Mur. testa fusiformi, costis transversis spiré acuminato-turritd ; anfractibus superné depressis, medio carinatis, carind prominente, plano-convexd, cre- nati ; albicante; canali subrecurvo. THE TURNED Murex. Shell fusiform, sculptured through- out with numerous minute elegantly crenated trans- verse ribs; spire acuminately turreted; whorls de- pressed at the upper part, keeled round the middle, keel prominent, flatly convex, crenated ; whitish ; ca- nal a little curved Trophon gyratus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. H. M.S. Sul- phur, p. 14. pl. 1. f. 14, 15. Hab. Straits of Macassar (found in course sand at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. The entire surface of this shell is crossed with fine deli- cately crenulated ribs. Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Buainvinir. Mur. testd subcylindraceo-ovata, transversim elevato-striatd ; seafariam vel septifariam varicosd, varicibus obscure squamatis aut nodulosis ; fused aut fusco-rubente, interdum albifasciatd, aperture fauce violascente ; columellé basem versus leviter pli- cata, labro intus noduloso ; canali brevissimo. Buarnvitte’s Murex. Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, transversely elevately striated ; six- or seven- varicose, varices obscurely scaled or noduled ; brown or brownish-red, sometimes banded with white, inte- rior of the aperture violet ; columella shghtly plaited towards the base, lip noduled within ; canal very short. PaYRANDEAU, Cat. Moll. de la Corse, pl. 7. f. 17, 18. Murex cristatus, var., Philippi. Hab. Sicily. It is true that this species presents merely a modified growth of the Murew cristatus, but that modification is of so marked a character that I have maintained Payrandeau’s distinction. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex pipsacus. Mur. testa fusiformi, spird angulato- turritd, septifariam vel octofariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus squameformibus, brevibus, nume- rosis, varicum interstitiis, elevato-liratis, quasi cancel- latis ; albida, fascid unicd fuscescente indistinct pictd ; canali breviusculo. Tue TEASLE Murex. Shell fusiform, spire angularly tuwr- reted; seven- or eight-varicose, varices frondose, fronds scale-like, short, numerous, interstices between the varices elevately ridged, as if cancellated ; whitish, indistinctly painted with a single light brown band ; canal rather short. Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 194. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (from a rocky bottom at the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. A beautifully formed shell in which the sculpture is laid in most symmetrical order. Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex cristatus. Mur. testa oblongo-ovatd, transversim liratd ; anfractibus superné subdepresso-angulatis, sep- tifariam varicosis, varicibus squamosis, squanis promi- nentibus solidiusculis; albieante, roseo aut rubente tinctd ; columellé basem versus leviter plicatd ; labro intus noduloso ; canali brevissimo. Tue cresteD Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely ridged; whorls somewhat depressly angulated at the upper part, seven-varicose, varices squamate, scales prominent, rather solid; whitish, stained with pink or red; columella slightly plicated towards the base ; lip nodulous within; canal very short. Broccut, Conch. Foss., p. 394. pl. 7. f. 15. Hab. Sicily. The main distinction between this species and the Murex Blainvilii consists in the upper portion of the whorls being more angularly turreted, and the fronds much more pro- minently developed. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Lepipus. Mur. testd oblongo-ovatd, transversim liratd, Uiris convevis, subirregularibus, confertis ; octo- fariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus brevibus confertis ; albidd, frondibus nigricantibus ; canali bre- viusculo. Tue pretty Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely ridged, ridges convex, somewhat irregular, close-set ; eight-varicose, varices frondose, fronds short, deli- cate, close-set ; whitish, fronds blackish ; canal rather short. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? August 1845. MUREX.—Ptate XXVI. The fronds are of a blackish-brown colour, whilst the remaining parts of the shell are pale greenish or blueish white. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex restivus. Mur. testdé oblongo-fusiformi, crassi- usculd, transversim lineari-sulcatd, interstitiis lirisque intervenientibus minute granulatis ; trivaricosd, vari- cibus, incrassato-laminatis, recurvis, superne cristatis ; fulvescente, lineis fuscis subgeminis cingulatd ; aper- turd pared ; canali breviusculo. Tue restive Murex. Shell oblong-fusiform, rather thick, transversely linearly-grooved, grooves and in- tervening ridges minutely granulated ; three-varicose, varices forming a recurved thickened lamina, crested at the upper part; pale fulvous brown, encircled with fine brown thread-like lines; aperture small; canal rather short. Hrs, Mollusca, Voy. H.M.S. Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. £.13, 14. Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. This species may be easily known by the peculiarly re- curved structure of the varices. Species 115. (Mus. Saul.) Murex Laquzatus. attenuata, transversim undique costatd, costis levigatis, Mur. testa trigono-ovatd, utrinque tuberculo magno inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus Jinbriato-laminatis, quasi laqueatis ; alba, roseo tinctd ; apertura pared, canali breviusculo. THE CHANNELLED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, at- tenuated at both ends, transversely ribbed through- out, ribs smooth, with a large tubercle between the varices ; three-varicose, varices fimbriately laminated, as if channelled; white, tinged with pink; aperture small, canal rather short. SoweRBy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. ? The varices of this shell are composed of a regularly channelled frill to which I know of no similar structure in any other species. It has little or no affinity with the Murex tripterus. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex DUBIUS. subtiliter elevato-striatd ; anfractibus superne angulatis, Mur. testé oblongo-ovatd, transversim septifariam varicosis, varicibus squamatis, squamis so- Uidiusculis, ad angulum grandibus prominentibus, infra gradatin minoribus ; albidé, nigricante-fusco varia ; labro intus noduloso, canali brevissimo. Tue poustruL Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely finely elevately striated; whorls angulated at the upper part, seven-varicose, varices squamate, scales rather solid, large and prominent at the angle, gra- dually smaller beneath; whitish, variegated with blackish brown ; lip nodulous within, canal very short. Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 23. Murex aculeatus, Wood (not of Lamarck.) Hab, Panama; Cuming. An aberrant species of Murex scarcely coming within the generic limit of the group. Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX LAMINIFERUS. turritd ; anfractibus ventricosis, superné angulatis, octofariam varicosis, varicibus simplicibus laminatis, interstitiis costatis, quasi cancellatis ; albicante, balteo Mur. testé ovata, spiré angulato- angusto unico fuscescente superné cingulatd ; canali brevi. THE LAMINIFEROUS Murex. Shell ovate, spire angu- larly turreted; whorls ventricose, angulated round the upper part; eight-varicose, varices simple, lami- nated, interstices ribbed, as if cancellated; whitish, encircled round the upper part with a single narrow brown belt; canal short. ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ——? The ventricose growth of this shell is a little peculiar. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Tetraconus. Mur. testd subrotundato-ovaté, spira interdum subpyramidal ; tranversim costatd, cos- tis foraminatis, interstitiis confertim cancellatis ; quad- rifariam varicosd, varicibus solidis, rotundatis, pone cavernosis ; albd ; canali brevi, ascendente, peculiariter abrupte recurvo. THE QUADRANGULAR Murex. Shell somewhat rotun- dately ovate, spire sometimes pyramidal ; transversely ribbed, ribs pierced with holes, interstices closely cancellated ; four-varicose, varices solid, rounded, ca- vernous behind ; white; canal short, ascending, pecu- liarly abruptly curved back. Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Eadem. Murex breviculus, Sowerby, Conch. Il., f. 37. 9 Hab. T cannot discover any specific difference between the Murices tetragonus and brevieulus; it is a species in which the growth is more pyramidal in some examples than in others, but the sculpture is invariable the same. Murex.. Pe AXVET. G- B.S. del et hth. RB & B,amp MUREX. Puate XXVII. Species 119. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex HAMATUS. Mur. testd ovatd, basem versus subat- tenuati, anfractibus superné angulatis, sexfariam vari- cosis, varicibus alatis, laciniis retrorsum hamatis, inter- stitiis transversim costatis, areis quadratis formantibus ; pallide luteo-fuscescente; labro dente parvo inferné munito ; canali breviusculo. THE HOOKED Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat attenuated towards the base, whorls angulated at the upper part, six-varicose, varices winged, lappets hooked back- wards, interstices transversely ribbed, forming square areas ; pale yellowish brown; lip furnished at the lower part with a small tooth ; canal rather short. Hinps, Mollusca Voy. H. M.8. Sulphur, p.8. pl.3. f.11,12. Hab. Bay of Guayaquil (dredged from a muddy floor at the depth of twenty-one fathoms) ; Hinds. An interesting new species bearing some distant affinity with the Murex monoceros. Species 120. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.) Morex nexaconus. Mur. testa fusiformi-ovatd, hexa- gond, anfractibus superné subangulatis, sexfariam vari- cosis, varicibus spinis aculeiformibus armatis, varicum interstitiis transversim liratis, areis concavis oblongo- quadratis formantibus ; lutescente, spinis interdum ro- seo-purpurascentibus ; canali subelongato. THE HEXAGONAL Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, six- sided, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, six-varicose, varices armed with prickle-like spines, interstices between the varices transversely grooved, forming oblong-quadrate concave areas; yellowish, spines sometimes rose-purple ; canal rather elongated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.585. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. In some examples of this excellently defined species the prickle-like spines are of a beautiful rose-purple colour, Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX LINGUA-VERVECINA. Mur. testd subpyriformi- ovatd, levigatd, aut peculiariter scabrosd, inferne con- tractd, spird brevi, acuta ; anfractibus superné depresso- cavernosis, trivaricosis, varicibus laminatis, varicum interstitiis obtuso-costatis, tuberculo magno rotundato ; ‘alba, nigricante-fusco sepe tinctd et variegatd ; canali breviusculo, attenuato. THE sHEnP’s TONGUE Murex. Shell somewhat pyri- formly ovate, smooth, or peculiarly scabrous, con- tracted at the lower part ; spire short, sharp; whorls depressly cavernous at the upper part, three-varicose, varices laminated, interstices between the varices ob- tusely ribbed, with a large rounded tubercle; white, often stained and variegated with blackish brown ; canal rather short. attenuated. Cummnitz, Conch. Cab. y. 10. pl. 161. f. 1540-1. Le Jaton, Adanson. Murex gibbosus, Lamarck. Murex lingua, Dillwyn. Hab. Island of Goree, West Africa (dredged from sandy mud at a depth of about thirty fathoms); Belcher. This is truly Le Jaton of Adanson; the shell figured by Sowerby, under the corrupt name Jatonus, in the Concho- logical Iustrations, Fig. 60, is the Murex hemitripterus, a species perfectly distinct, as will be seen by the description following this, and the figure to which it refers, I adopt Chemnitz’s name for Le Jaton in full, because I see no objection to the introduction of compound speci- fic names when they involve one idea; and we have already several acknowledged precedents, ex. gr. awris-Mide, caput- serpentis, pellis-serpentis, Se. Species 122. (Maus. Saul.) Murex uumirriprerus. Mur. testé trigono-pyriformi, basem versus gradatim attenuata, crassiusculd, trans- versim obtuso-costatd, tuberculo magno inter varices, spird brevi, angulato-turritd ; anfractibus superné an- gulato-depressis, trivaricosis, varicibus solidiusculis, obtuso-costatis ; albidd, carneo-fuscescente varid ; canali breviusculo. THe HEMITRIPTEROUS Murex. Shell triangularly pyri- form gradually attenuated towards the base, thick, transversely obtusely ribbed, with a large tubercle between the varices; spire short, angularly turreted ; whorls angularly depressed at the upper part, three- varicose, varices rather solid, obtusely ribbed ; whitish, variegated with flesh-tinted brown; canal rather short. August 1845. MUREX.—Puate XXVII. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix.p.579. Murex gibbosus, young, Kiener. Murex Jatonus, Sowerby (not Le Jaton, Adanson). Hab. > Mr. Sowerby and M. Kiener have greatly erred in con- founding this with the preceding species; they are well distinguished by Lamarck, Deshayes, and also in the ac- companying figures. Species 123. (Maus. Saul). Murex macropTeron. Mur. testé elongato-fusiformi, solidiusculd, transversim obsolete striatd, tuberculo pro- minente inter varices, spird trigono-acuminato, trivari- cosd, varicibus alatis, ultimo latissimé plano-expanso, quadrilobato, superficie interné undato-scabrosd ; cor- neo-fuscescente ; apertura ovatd, margine producto ; canali longo, clauso. THE EXPANDED-WINGED Murex. Shell elongately fusi- form, rather solid, transversely obsoletely striated, with a prominent tubercle between the varices, spire triangularly acuminated ; three-varicose, varices winged, last varix very widely flatly expanded, four- lobed, inner surface undately scabrous ; horny brown ; aperture ovate, edge produced all round ; canal long, closed. Desuayens, Guerin’s Mag. de Zoologie, 1841. pl. 38. Hab. p This is certainly a most interesting and remarkable species; the example here figured from the collection of Miss Saul, is, I believe, the only one in this country. * For a more elaborate description I refer the reader to M. Deshayes’s account of it, in his edition of Lamarck’s Anim. sans vert. v. ix. p. 606-7. Species 124. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex FISCELLUM. spirad breviusculd ; anfractibus superne subangulatis, octofariam varicosis, varicibus rotundatis incrassatis, costis striis longitudinalibus clathratis ; albidé, viola- ceo-nigricante tinctd, aperture fauce vivide violaced ; canali brevi. THE LITTLE Basket Murex. Shell ovately oblong, thick, spire rather short; whorls somewhat angulated at the upper part ; eight-varicose, varices rounded, thick- ened, close-set, transversely ribbed, ribs latticed with longitudinal strize; whitish, stained with blackish- violet, interior of the aperture bright violet; canal short. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. v. x. pl 160. f. 1524-5. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, crassa, The varices are so closely developed in this species as almost to fall one upon the other. Murex PLXXVIT 8 TS PS meent Brooks Imp V2 130. owerby, delet sculp MUREX. Prats XXVIII. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX CARDUUS. tenuatd, spirdé mucronata ; anfractibus superné angu- Mur. testé ovata, utringue acute at- latis, squamarum varicibus numerosis confertis ornatis, squamis supremis prominentibus erectis ; alba ; canali brevi, umbilicato. THE THISTLE Murex. Shell ovate, sharply attenuated at both ends, spire pointed; whorls angulated at the upper part, ornamented with numerous close-set va- rices of scales, the uppermost of which are prominent and erect; white, canal short, umbilicated. BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Pacasmayo, Coast of Peru (dredged from a coral reef twelve miles from shore at the depth of twenty- five fathoms) ; Cuming. An interesting species, belonging to that section of the Murices which De Montford distinguished by the generic title of Trophon. Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.) MuREX Fascratus. liratd, interstitiis subtilissime granoso-striatis, tuber- culo magno inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus convexis, solidiusculis, costatis ; livido-fuscescente, ob- seuré fasciatd ; columellé callositate parvd superne munitd ; canali brevi, clauso. THE BANDED Murex. Shell ovate, thick, transversely ridged, interstices very finely granosely striated, with a large tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices convex, rather solid, ribbed; livid brown, obscurely banded; columella furnished at the upper part with a small callosity; canal short, close. SowrRBy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Tus. f. 86. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, west coast of Africa. Mur. testa ovata, crassa, transversim A solid Buccinum-like shell, of a dull livid brown colour. Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex LucuLentus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird angulato-turritd ; anfractibus superné angulatis, trans- versim costatis, lamellis fimbriatis frequentibus erectis longitudinaliter ornatis ; lutescente, fusco tinctd et Jas- ciatd ; canali breviusculo, umbilicato. THE BEAUTIFUL Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, spire angularly turreted; whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely ribbed, longitudinally ornamented with frequent erect fimbriated lamelle ; yellowish, stained and banded with brown; canal rather short, umbilicated., Trophon fimbriatus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. H. M.S. Sulphur, p. 14. pl. 1. f. 18,19. Hab. Straits of Macassar (found among sand and gravel at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Hinds. The growth of this shell is marked by a beautiful suec- cession of erect laminze, thrown up, as it were, one from under the other. The name jimdriatus is occupied by Lamarck in reference to a species of which we have no knowledge. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex worripus. Maur. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, decemfariam varicosis, vari- cibus rudibus simplicibus, interstitiis costis clathratis, areis elevato-striatis ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco circa va- rices tincté ; canali brevi. Tue roucH Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, ten-varicose, varices rude, simple, interstices latticed with ribs, the areas between which are sculptured with raised strie ; white, stained about the varices with pale rusty brown; canal short. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Fusus horridus, Sowerby, Conch. Ilus., f. 29. Murex Boivinii, Wiener. Hab. St. Blena and Panama (found in sandy mud at the depth of from eight to twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. I regret extremely that M. Kiener should have been doubly unfortunate in his complimentary endeavours to record the name of M. Boivin, a distinguished amateur of Paris, whose courtesy and conchological zeal I have on more than one occasion experienced ;—the Murex Boivinii is the Murex horridus, and the Cyprea Boivinii is a well- known variety of the Cypraa gangrenosa. Species 129. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) Murex Norrist. Mur. testé subpyriformi-ovaté, basem versus peculiariter attenuatd et recurvd, transversim conspicue costatd et subtilissimé elevato-striatd, spird August 1845. MUREX.—Ptatr XXVIII. breviusculad ; anfractibus superné paululum depressis, sexfariam varicosis, varicibus frondosis, frondibus gra- cilibus, elegantissime muricato-ramosis ; alba, frondibus medianis fuscis ; apertura parva ; canali longiusculo, ascendente. Norris’s Murex. Shell somewhat pyniformly ovate, peculiarly attenuated and curved back towards the base, transversely conspicuously ribbed and very finely elevately striated, spire rather short; whorls a little depressed at the upper part, six-varicose, varices fron- dose, fronds slender, very elegantly prickly branched ; white, middle fronds brown; aperture small; canal rather long, ascending. Reegve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? Thave much pleasure in dedicating this important species to Thomas Norris, Esq., in whose cabinet there is ano- ther equally characteristic specimen. The shell is most peculiarly attenuated and curved back towards the base, and the fronds are branched and ramified with remarkable sharpness and delicacy. Species 130. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex centriruca. Mur. trigono-fusiformi, gracili, ba- sem versus attenuata, spird acuminatéd ; anfractibus su- perne subangulatis, transversim creberrime striatis, tu- berculo unico, et in anfractu ultimo costis tribus qua- ternisve, inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus subalatis, in spinis fortibus latiusculis compressis laciniatis, spind suprema multo maximi, elongati, recté ; corneo-fuscd ; apertura parva ; canali longiusculo, extremitate pau- lulum obliquo-recurvo. THE CENTRIFUGAL Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, slender, attenuated towards the base, spire acumi- nated, whorls slightly angulated at the base, trans- versely very closely striated, with a single tubercle, and in the last whorl three or four ribs, between the varices ; three varicose, varices subwinged, laciniated into rather wide strong compressed spines, the upper- most of which is much the largest, elongated and straight ; horny brown; aperture small; canal rather long, a little obliquely recurved at the extremity. Hiyps, Mollusca Voy. H.M.S. Sulphw, p. 8. pl. 3. f. 7, 8. Hab. West coast of Veragua (dredged from a sandy floor at the depth of fifty-two fathoms) ; Hinds. A species which may be easily recognised by the three horn-like protuberances with which each whorl is sur- mounted at the angle. Murex. Pl XXIL. 738 a 5 Ee & a a ine] (2p) G MUREX. Prate XXIX. Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex nucuta. Mur. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassiusculd, sexfariam varicosd, varicibus solidis, costatis, costis prominentibus, interstitiis cancellatis ; albidd ; aper- turd ovata, canali breviusculo, ascendente recurvo. THE LirtLeE NuT Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thick, six-varicose, varices solid, ribbed, ribs promi- nent, interstices cancellated ; whitish, aperture ovate, canal rather short, ascending, recurved. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming. Murex cyclostoma var, Sowerby. Very intimately allied to the Murer cyclostoma but is of a more oblong form, and has a recurved ascending canal. For Species 132 see Plate XXXII; the shell here figured proving, upon further examination, to be a variety of the Murex cristatus. Species 133. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex GRavipvs. Shell globosely fusiform, solid, trans- versely ribbed, ribs approximated, lamellated, a little divergent upon the varices; five-varicose, varices prominent, pierced with holes posteriorly; white, banded round the upper part with brown; aperture oval; canal rather long, a little ascending, recurved to the left. Hinps, Mollusca Voy. H.M.S8.Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. f.19, 20. Hab. Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa (dredged from the depth of sixty fathoms) ; Hinds. This interesting species may be known by its solid glo- bose form, its close ribbed sculpture, and the sinistral prolongation of the canal. Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex octoconus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird acuminata ; anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, oc- tofariam vel nonafariam varicosis, varicibus aculeatis, aclueis eleganter recurvis, duobus basalibus valde pro- minentibus, areis inter varices concavis, subtiliter lira- tis; albida aut fuscescente, liris undique castaneo- fuscis ; aperturé subviolacea. THE OCTANGULAR Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls concavely depressed at the upper part ; eight- or nine-varicose, varices prickly, prickles elegantly recurved, two very prominent on each varix at the base, the areas between the varices concave, finely ridged ; whitish or pale brown, ridges through- out dark chesnut brown ; aperture faintly tinged with violet. Qvoy and Garmarp, Voy. del’Astrolabe Zool. v.iii. p.521. pl 36: £8) 9: Murex Peruvianus, Sowerby. Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand; Quoy and Gaimard. Pacasmayo, coast of Peru; Cuming. An extremely pretty species, encircled throughout with fine dark brown ridges, which curl up upon the varices in the form of prickly spines. Species 135. (Fig. 135. Mus. Saul; and Fig. 136. Mus. Cuming.) Murex BALTEATUS. Mur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, an- Sractibus superné leviter angulatis, infra angulum cos- tatis, costis fortibus, subdistantibus, per summitatem obsolete sulcatis ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus fron- dosis, frondibus eximié ramosis, antice squamis minutis peculiariter calamistratis ; alba, rosaceo pulcherrimé tincta, frondibus superné aurantio-vel nigricante-ruben- tibus ; apertura parva, productd ; canali brevi, planu- lato, recurvo. THE BELTED Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, ribbed below the angle, ribs strong, rather distant, obsoletely grooved along ihe top; seven-varicose, varices fron- dose, fronds delicately branched, peculiarly frizzled on the anterior side with minute seales; white, beau- tifully tinged with pink, fronds orange or blackish brown at the upper part; aperture small, produced ; canal short, flattened, recurved. Beck; Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the coral reefs); Cuming. The name of “ dalteatus” was suggested for this beau- tiful species, Mr. Sowerby informs us, by Dr. Beck, but for what reason I am at a loss to imagine. August 1845. MUREX.—Puate XXIX. The curious frizzled sculpture on the anterior side of the varices is peculiarly worthy of remark. For Species 136 see Plate XXXITI. Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex pupicus. Mur. testd oblongo-ovata, solidiusculd me- dio ventricosd, utrinque attenuata, transversim costata, costis varices super minutissime squamatis, lird parva interveniente ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus solidis, leviter tuberculatis ; intus extusque nived ; canali brevi. Tue cHaste Murex. Shell oblong ovate, ventricose in the middle, attenuated at both ends, transversely ribbed, ribs very minutely scaled upon the varices, with a small ridge intervening; seven-varicose, va- rices solid, slightly tuberculated ; snowy white within and without; canal short. ReEEveE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Island of St. Domingo. A solid white shell, very much attenuated from the middle. Species 138. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex crrrosus. Mur. testd ovatd, ventricosd, spire suturis profundis ; nonafariam varicosd, varicibus la- ciniis senis fistulosis recurvis ornatis, areis inter varices costatis, costis laciniis intercurrentibus ; pallide carned, varicum laciniis albis ; apertura ovali ; canali brevius- culo, gracili, recurvo, dorso bifariam laciniato. Tue crrrous Murex. Shell ovate, ventricose, sutures of the spire deep ; nine-varicose, varices ornamented with six recurved fistulous lacimize, areas between the varices ribbed, ribs running from the lacinia of one varix to that of the other; pale flesh-colour, lacinice of the varices white; aperture oval; canal rather short, slender, recurved, with two rows of laciniz at the back. Hips, Mollusca Voy. H.M.8.Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. 17,18. Hab. Straits of Macassar (found among sand and fine gravel at the depth of fifteen fathoms) ; Hinds. Distinguished by the very beautiful curl-like laciniated structure of the varices. Species 139. (Mus. Belcher.) Morex peritus. Mur. testé subtrigono-ovatd, anfractibus superne angulatis, transversim striatis ; sexfariam vari- cosd, varicibus tenuibus, laciniatis, laciniis acuminatis, uncinatis, supremd precipue; varicum parte anticad inter lacinias crenatd ; albidd, ferrugineo-fuscescente tinctd et fasciatd ; canali subelongato, planato, recurvo. Tue expert Murex. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely stri- ated; six-varicose, varices thin, laciniated, lacinize acuminated, hooked, the uppermost especially ; ante- rior part of the varices crenated between the lacinie ; whitish, stained and banded with faint rusty brown ; canal a little elongated, flattened, recurved. Hips, Mollusca, Voy. H. M.8.Sulphur, p.9. pl. 3. £.23, 24. Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. This species may be known by the curious hooked ter- mination of the laciniz. Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex virratus. Mur. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, trans- versim sulcatd, septifariam varicosd, varicibus latius- culis, solidis, approximatis, brevispinosis ; albd, nigro tessellato-vittatd ; canali breviusculo. THE FILLETTED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, transversely grooved, seven-varicose, varices rather broad, solid, approximated, armed with short spines ; white, tessellately filleted with black; canal rather short. Broverrpe, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. \sle of Muerte, Bay of Guayaquil (from sandy mud at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming. Easily to be recognised by the marked contrast of its painting. Murex, Pl. XXX. to 8 1 et att : RB.&R imp MUREX. PLaTE XXX. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) MovreEx caticinosus. Mur. testd ovatd, spird angulato- turritd, basem versus contracta, anfractibus superne de- presso-angulatis, transversim costatis, costis latis, pla- niusculis, subdistantibus ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus tenuibus, plicato-laminatis ; sordidé fusca, costis satu- ratioribus ; canali breviusculo. THE opscuRE Murex. Shell ovate, spire angularly tur- reted, contracted towards the base; whorls depressly angulated round the upper part, transversely ribbed, ribs broad, rather flat, somewhat distant; six-vari- cose, varices thin, plicately laminated; dull brown, ribs of a darker colour; canal rather short. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? The varices of this shell resemble those of the Murex falcatus, though not lapped over at the edge as in that species ; the ribs are very different, and more in the style of those of the Murex torosus. Species 142. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Lappa. Mur. testd ovata, utrinque attenuata, sea- fariam varicosd, varicibus latis, incrassatis, solidis, approximatis, frondibns numerosis spinosis erectis ar- matis, varicibus utringue fortiter costatis, costis sulcatis, minutissime scabrosis ; alba, rufo-fuscescente bifasciatim maculata ; aperturé pared, producté, intus elevato- striata. Tue BUR Murex. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, six-varicose, varices broad, thickened, solid, approxi- mated, armed with numerous erect spinous fronds, varices strongly ribbed on both sides, ribs grooved, minutely scabrous ; white, stained with two bands of pale reddish brown spots; aperture small, produced, elevately striated within. Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (found on a rocky bed at the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. A stout shell with solid, sharp, prickly varices. Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex tucusris. Mur. testé ovatd, spira breviusculd, transversim liraté et striatd ; anfractibus superne de- pressis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus laciniatis, laci- nis brevibus, recurvis ; atro-purpured, varicibus ferru- gineo-fuscis ; apertura subamplé ; canali brevi. Tue MoURNFUL Murex. Shell ovate, spire rather short, transversely ridged and striated; whorls depressed at the upper part, six-varicose, varices laciniated, la- cini short, recurved; blackish purple, varices rusty brown ; aperture rather large; canal short. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (found in the co- ral rocks) ; Cuming. The laciniew in all but the last one or two varices are for the most part worn and blunted. Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Catirornicus. Mur. testd trigono-oblonga, sub- Susiformi, spird angulato-turrité ; anfractibus superné angulato-depressis, tuberculo prominulo inter varices, transversim costatis, costis distantibus, interstitiis liris minutis pulcherrimée squamatis exsculptis ; trifariam varicosa, varicibus laciniatis, laciniis subrecurvis ; fer- rugineo-fuscad ; apertura ovatd ; canali brevi, clauso, recurvo. Tue CatrrorniaN Murex. Shell triangularly oblong, slightly fusiform, spire angularly turreted; whorls angularly depressed at the upper part, with a rather prominent tubercle between the varices, transversely ribbed, ribs distant, engraved with minute very beau- tifully scaled ridges ; three-varicose, varices laciniated, lacinie a little recurved; rusty brown; aperture ovate, canal short, closed, recurved. Hips, Mollusca Voy., H. M.S. Sulphur, p.8. pl.3. £.9, 10. Hab, California. An interesting species with respect to form and sculp- ture, but of dull colour; the interstices between the cross ribs are scaled with extreme delicacy and beauty. Species 145. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex porgaris. Mur. testd subelongato-fusiformi, gra- cili, subpellucidd, transversim obsolete liratd ; septifa- riam varicosd, varicibus simplicibus, lamelliferis ; intus August 1845. MUREX.—Ptate XXX. extusque nived, roseo pallidissime tincté; apertura subampla. THE NORTHERN Murex. Shell somewhat elongately fu- siform, slender, slightly transparent, transversely ob- soletely ridged ; seven-varicose, varices simple, lamel- liferous ; snowy white within and without, very palely | tinged with pink; aperture rather large. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab, Iceland. An elegant semitransparent laminiferous shell partaking very much of the generic character of Fusus. Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex crassizaBruM. Mur. testdé ovata, spird brevi, acuta, transversim fortiter costatd, costis perpaucis, grandibus ; multifariam varicosa, varicibus simplicibus, laminiferis ; intus extusque nived ; labro peculiariter incrassato. THE THICK-LIP Murex. Shell ovate, spire short, acute, transversely strongly ribbed, ribs very few in num- ber, large ; many-varicose, varices simple, laminifer- ous, snowy white within and without; lip peculiarly thickened. Gray, MSS. British Museum. Purpura crassilabrum, Sowerby. Hab. Valparaiso (found in crevices of rocks at low water) ; Cuming. Mr. Sowerby has questioned the propriety of placing this shell in the genus Murex, but I am inclined to think Mr. Gray is correct in so doing. ite Murex, Pl. XIX. Aw: . BB. & Ramp = t MUREX. PuateE XXXII. Species 147. (Mus. Belcher.) Morex municatus. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, anfrac- tibus superné depressis, sguamarum compressarum hori- zontalium sericbus duabus spiraliter ornatis ; albicante ; apertura subampla ; canali brevi. THe prickLy Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, whorls depressed at the upper part, spirally adorned with two rows of compressed horizontal scales; whitish, aperture rather large: canal short. Trophon muricatus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. Sulphur, p. 14. job We ae UG, ef Hab. Panama (found in mud at the depth of about nine- teen fathoms) ; Hinds. Only one example of this singular species was found. Species 148. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex rapicatus. Mur. testd ovatd, quinquefariam vari- cosd, varicibus laciniatis, antice abruptis, laciniis com- pressis, subquadratis, medio lined duplicatis, postice interstitiorum medio exsilientibus; apertura pared, producté ; canali fere clauso, ad basin leviter recurvo. THE ROOTED Murex. Shell ovate, five-varicose, varices laciniated, anteriorly abrupt, lacinice compressed, sub- quadrate, divided in the middle by a line, extending back on the posterior side to the middle of the inter- stices ; aperture small, produced ; canal almost closed, slightly recurved at the base. Hinps, Mollusea Voy. Sulphur, p. 9. pl. 3. f. 21, 22. Hab. San Blas, west coast of Mexico (found in mud at the depth of eleven fathoms). Mr. Hinds describes the lacinize of this species as taking root in a peculiar manner near the centre of the interstices. Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.) MoreEx PLANILIRATUS. Mur. testi oblongo-ovatd, trans- versim undique pulcherrime liratd, liris angustis nume- rosis confertis, ad summitatem peculiariter planulatis ; seafariam varicosd, varicibus plicatis ; luteo-fuscescente ; apertura ampla. THE FLAT-RIDGED Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, trans- versely very beautifully ridged throughout, ridges narrow, numerous, close-set, peculiarly flattened along the summit ; six-varicose, varices plicated ; yellowish brown ; aperture large. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Swan River. The entire surface of this beautiful little species is covered with very prominent close-set narrow ridges, which are pecuharly flattened along the summit. Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex nopunirervs. Mur. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, crassa, transversim elevato-striatd, spird acuminaté ; seafariam varicosd, varicibus noduloso-squamatis, an- fractiis ultimi varicibus squamis duabus longissimis erectis ; alld, squamis rubido-fuscis aut nigricantibus ; canali brevissimo. THE NopULIFEROUs Murex. Shell cylindrically ovate, thick, transversely elevately striated, spire acumi- nated ; six-varicose, varices nodulously squamate, va- rices of the last whorl with the scales very long and erect ; white, scales reddish-brown or blackish ; canal very short. Sowerrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on coral reefs) ; Cuming. A remarkable species reminding one very forcibly of the Pleurotoma auriculifera. Species 151. (Mus. Belcher.) Murex Froveotatus. Mur. testé fusiformi, crassd, trans- versim creberrime suleatd, anfractibus superné suban- gulatis, laminis minimis longitudinalibus foveolatis ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus simplicibus, posticé ro- tundatis, antice acutis; rubido-fuscd, atro-purpureo pallide bifasciaté ; labro externo intus obtuse dentato, columellari producto ; canali breviusculo, subrecurvo. THE FURROWED Murex. Shell fusiform, thick, trans- versely very closely grooved, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, ftwrowed with very small longitu- dinal lamine ; seven-varicose, varices simple, poste- riorly rounded, anteriorly sharp: ruddy brown, with two blackish purple bands; outer lip obtusely denti- culated within, columellar lip produced ; canal rather short, a little recurved. Hrnps, Mollusca Voy. Sulphur, p. 9. pl. 3. £15, 16. Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. A shell of somewhat uncouth growth, though presenting good distinguishing characters. Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex ermis. Mur. testé eleganter fusiformi, semi- August 1845, MUREX.—Ptatr XXXI. pellucida, transversim obsolete liratd ; anfractibus ro- tundatis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus parvis, annuli- formibus ; nived ; apertura rotundatd, labro columellari producto ; canali subelongato, recurvo. Tue UNARMED Murex. Shell elegantly fusiform, semi- transparent, transversely obsoletely ridged; whorls rounded, six-varicose, varices small, ring-like ; snowy- white; aperture rounded, columellar lip produced ; canal slightly elongated, recurved. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebald. A delicately formed species in which the varices bear some resemblance to the rings of the Scalaria pretiosa. Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex pecussatus. Mur. testé ovata, basem versus con- tractd, spird brevi, angulato-turritd ; anfractibus su- perne angulatis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus angustis, solidis, nodosis, subdistantibus, areis intermediis in an- fractu ultimo costis duabus distantibus decussatis ; vio- lascente-albidd, varicum nodis atro-purpureis, aperture fauce violascente ; labro intus noduloso. THE CROSS-BARRED Murex. Shell ovate, contracted towards the base, spire short, angularly turreted ; whorls angulated at the upper part, six-varicose, va- rices narrow, solid, nodose, rather distant, interme- diate areas on the last whorl cross-barred with two distant ribs; violet-tinged white, nodules of the va- rices jet-purple; interior of the aperture violet; lip noduled within. Murex fiscellum var., Sowerby. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines. The cross-barred sculpture of this shell, dividing its surface into regular square compartments, distinguishes it from the Murex fiscellum to rank as a separate species. Several examples were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above Island without any particular variation in character. Species 154 (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX CYCLOSTOMA. breviusculd ; sex-varicosd, varicibus prominentibus, an- tice foraminatis et cancellatis, varicum interstitiis trans- versim costatis, costis pone varices fortioribus, divergen- tibus ; livido-fuscescente, costis albicantibus ; aperturd pared, rotunda, margine producto. THE ROUND-MouTH Murex. Shell ovate, gibbous, spire rather short; six-varicose, varices prominent, ante- riorly cancellated and pierced with holes, interstices between the varices transversely ribbed, ribs diver- gent and stronger behind the varices; livid-brown, ribs whitish ; aperture small, round, edge produced. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840. Mur. testé ovati, gibbosd, spiré Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines. The variety mentioned by Mr. Sowerby is a distinct species to which I have given the name of Murex nucula, Pl. XXIX. f. 131. Species 155. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex INCISUS. brevi, subobtusd ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotun- datis, incrassatis, approximatis, transversim carinato- costatis et striatis, costis striisque pulcherrime squamato- crenulatis ; albd, costis castaneis ; apertura parva. THE carved Murex. Shell globosely ovate, thick, spire short, rather obtuse ; seven-varicose, varices rounded, thickened, approximated, transversely carmately rib- bed and striated, ribs and strie very beautifully squamately crenulated; white, ribs chesnut-brown ; aperture small. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (dredged from a rocky bottom at the depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming. Mur. testé globoso-ovatd, crassa, spurd A species well distinguished by the narrow crenulated keel-like ribs which cross the varices at regular and fre- quent intervals throughout. Species 156. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex uncrnarius. Mur. testé trigono-ovatd, subfusi- formi, spird subacuminatd, levigatd, tuberculo fere ob- soleto inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus squa- ma plano-compressé uncinaté superné armatis, infra plano-fimbriatis ; fulvo-albicante ; aperturé pared ; canali brevi, clauso. Tur HooKED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, somewhat fusiform, spire rather acuminated, smooth, with a nearly obsolete tubercle between the varices; three- varicose, varices armed at the upper part with a flatly compressed hooked scale, below flatly fimbriated ; fulvous white ; aperture small; canal short, closed. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.579. Murices Capensis and Mitriformis, Sowerby. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Lamarck referred in doubt to Martini’s figure of the Murex clavus thinking, probably, that this was the young of that species; and hence arose the confusion of Martini’s shell (Murex clavus) bemg taken for Lamarck’s Murer uncinarius. I ought, perhaps, to notice an error into which M. Deshayes has fallen in stating that this shell is a species of Typhis. The distinguishing character of that genus is the presence of an erect fistulous tube between the varices in place of a tubercle ; of which there is no indication in the Murex uncinarius. ‘Lh G.B.S. del et bth Mure, PLAXLT. R.B.& R mp MUREX. Prate XXXII. (Specimens slightly magnified.) Species 157. (Fig. 157 and 163, Mus. Cuming.) Murex atveatus. Mur, testé pyramidali-oblongd, trans- versim costatd, costis angustis, peculiariter elevatis, utringue minutissimé nodulosis, varicibus reticulatis, interstitiis alveatis ; quadrifariam vel octofariam vari- cos, varicibus pulcherrimé cancellatis, pone cavernosis ; albida ; aperturd parva ; canali brevi. THE HOLLOWED Murex. Shell pyramidally oblong, trans- versely ribbed, ribs narrow, peculiarly elevated, very minutely nodwled along each side, reticulated with the varices, interstices hollowed ; four- to eight-vari- cose, varices very beautifully cancellated, cavernous behind; whitish; aperture small, canal short. KreneER, Iconographie coq. viv., p. 24. pl. 46. f. 2. Hab. Panama (found under stones at low water); Cuming. A pretty deeply reticulated species, partaking somewhat of the characters of Triton. Species 158. (Mus. Gruner, Bremen.) Movrex Purreurorwes. Mur. testé ovatd, subventricosa, spira brevi; anfractibus superne subangulatis, costis pareis angustis longitudinalibus et transversis infra angulum reticulatis, costis transversis confertioribus ; albicante, fascid fuscescente interdum cingulatd ; aper- turé ampla, patuld. Tue PurPURA-LIKE Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventri- cose, spire short; whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, reticulated below the angle with small narrow transverse and longitudinal ribs of which the transverse are the closer together ; whitish, sometimes encircled with a pale brown band; aperture large, wide open. Donker, MSS. (Cassel). Hab. Cape of Good Hope. A small open-mouth shell, with no regular indication of varices. Species 159. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex sBaprius. Mur. testd obeso-fusiformi, solidiusculd, transversim elevato-striatd, striis conspicuis, regulari- bus ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, sub- rotundis ; rubido-castaned ; canali paululum recurvo. THE BROWN Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, rather solid, transversely elevately striated, striae conspicuous, re- gular ; seven-varicose, varices thickened, somewhat round; reddish chesnut; canal a little recurved. Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? A solid dark brown shell, certainly distinct from any species that I have seen. Species 160. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Erosus. Mur. testd pyramidali-oblongd, transver- sim livatd, liris angustis, confertis, planiusculis, utrinque crenatis, interstitiis profundis ; basi cavernoso-sulcatd, suleo septis duobus decussato ; irregulariter varicosd, anfractu ultimo varicibus duobus fortibus, ceteris obso- leté varicosis ; c@ruleo-nigricante, varicibus albican- tibus ; apertura minutd ; canali brevi. THE ERODED Murex. Shell pyramidally oblong, trans- versely ridged, ridges narrow, close-set, rather flat- tened, crenated on both sides, interstices deep; ca- vernously grooved at the base, groove crossed by two septa; irregularly varicose, two strong varices upon ‘the last whorl, the rest obsoletely varicose ; blueish black, varices white ; aperture very small, canal short. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Panama (found under stones) ; Cuming. This is rather a questionable species of Murex, partaking so much as it does of the characters of Triton. It differs in its sculpture throughout from the Murex alveatus, but especially in being encircled with a deep broad cavernous groove at the base. Species 161. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex pistinctus. Mur. testé fusiformi-turriculatd, transversim striaté aut exiliter liratd, spire suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus rotundatis, sexfariam vari- cosis, varicibus incrassatis, noduliferis ; albidd aut fla- vescente ; apertura parva, rotundd ; canali brevi, sub- ascendente. THe pivipeD Murex. Shell fusiformly turriculated, transversely striated or faintly ridged, sutures of the spire rather deep ; whorls rounded, six-varicose, va- August 1845. MUREX.—Puate XXXII. rices thickened, noduliferous; white or yellowish ; aperture small, round ; canal short, slightly ascending. De Cristororts and Jan, Cat. rerum nat., pl. 11. f. 82. Murex scalarinus, Bivon. Murex Scalarioides, De Blainville. Hab. Mediterranean. Palermo ; Philippi. Very closely approximating to the Murex inermis brought from Japan by Dr. Siebald, and which might be regarded as the eastern analogue of it. Species 162. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex saxricus. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovata, longitudina- liter tuberculato-costatd, transversim elevato-striata ; trivaricosd, varicibus eminentibus, muricato-nodosis ; baticd, indistincte fasciatd, aperture fauce subpurpu- rascente ; labro intus dentato ; canali brevi. THE swARTHY Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, longitu- dinally tuberculously ribbed, transversely elevately striated; three-varicose, varices eminent, prickly no- dose; dark brown, indistinctly banded, interior of the aperture tinged with purple; lip toothed within ; canal short. Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? The nodules of this interesting little dark brown shell are peculiarly prickly. Species 164. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex rnconsprcuus. Mur. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassa, transversim creberrimé obtuso-liratd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis rudibus, incrassatis, varicibus indistinctis ; sordidé fuscd ; labro intus dentato ; canali brevissimo. THE inconspicuous Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, transversely very closely obtusely ridged, longitudi- nally ribbed, ribs rude, thickened, varices indistinct ; dirty brown; lip toothed within ; canal very short. Sowerrsy, Conch. Illus., f. 81 and 117. Murex corallinus, Scacchi. Fusus corallinus, Philippi. Hab. English Channel, Jersey ; Sowerby. A small rude thickened species, some which are much more elongated than others. examples of For Species 165 see Plate XXXIII; Fig. 165 proving to be the young of Murew balteatus. Species 166. (Mus. Cuming.) MuREX BXIGUUS. sim obtuso-liratd, quinquefariam varicosd, varicibus Mur. testa ovata, crassiusculd, transver- eminentibus, angilaciniatis, laciniis interstitiisque can- cellatis ; alba ; apertura parvd, producta ; canali brevi, recurvo. Tue tirrte Murex. Shell ovate, rather thick, trans- versely obtusely ridged, five-varicose, varices eminent, narrow-laciniated, laciniz and interstices between them cancellated ; white, aperture small, produced ; canal short, recurved. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Saint Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. The lacinie of the varices of this species are peculiar in that they assume a narrow, almost fistulose, structure. Murex FUXXXH. W683. 167.6 168. 170. RB.&R imp. S ® a a MUREX. Puate XXXIII. Species 132. (Mus. Saul.) MUREX CANCELLATUS. breviusculd, anfractibus transversim liratis, lirarum in- Mur. testé trigono-ovatd, spird iy » Sp terstitiis peculiariter cancellatis ; trivaricosé, varicibus compresso-fimbriatis, fronde clausd subfistulosd superneé ornatis ; eburned, apertura parva ; canali clauso, b wsi aperto, uncinato-recurvo. THE CANCELLATED Murex. Shell triangularly ova.y, spire rather short, whorls transversely ridged, inter- stices between the ridges peculiarly cancellated ; three- varicose, varices compressly fimbriated, ornamented at the top with a closed, fistulous-like frond; ivory- white ; aperture small; canal closed, open at the base, curved back in a hooked manner. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? An extremely curious and characteristic species, in which a compressed fistulose-like frond is developed on the upper extremity of each varix, though not in any way analogous to the fistulose tube which rises from the area between the varices in the genus Typhis. Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) MurREX MACULATUS. anfractibus brevibus, tuberculato-varicosis, varicibus in- Mur. testé ovata, subpyramidali, terstitiisque subtiliter liratis, liris, lirarum interstitiis quoque pulcherrime fimbriato-cancellatis ; albidd, macula rubido-fusca inter varices conspicue tinctd, columella et aperture fauce pallidé rosaced; canali breviusculo, recurvo. Tue sported Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat pyramidal, whorls short, tubercularly varicose, varices and inter- stices finely ridged, ridges and their interstices also very beautifully eancellated ; whitish, conspicuously stained between the varices with a reddish brown spot, columella and interior of the aperture tinged with pink; canal rather short, recurved. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? The whorls of this species are strongly tubercled by the varices which are very delicately cancellately ridged across. Species 163. (Mus. Saul.) Murex rusticus. Mur. testa ovatd, spiré acuminato-tur- rita, anfractibus medio tumidis, transversim subobscure liratis, tuberculato-varicosis, varicibus frondosis, fron- dibus brevibus, interstitiis minutissime squamatis ; lutes- cente-alba, varicibus nigricante-fuscis ; apertura parva, limbo producto ; canali breviusculo. Tue Rustic Murex. Shell ovate, spire acuminately tur- reted, whorls swollen in the middle, transversely ra- ther obscurely ridged, tubercularly varicose, varices frondose, fronds short, interstices minutely scaled ; yellowish-white, varices dark brown; aperture small, lip produced ; canal rather short. Renve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? A rather solid shell with an elevated tubercled spire. Species 165. (Fig. Kiener.) Murex potyGonutts. Mur. testd ovatd, subfusiformi, ventricosd, transverse sulcatdé et striatd, nonafariam varicosd, alba ; anfractibus superné angulatis, supra planulatis, ad angulum tuberculato-coronatis ; spira prominente. THE MANY-ANGLED Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi- form, ventricose, transversely grooved and_ striated, nine-varicose, white ; whorls angulated at the upper part, flat above, tubercularly coronated at the angle ; spire prominent. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. ix. p.594. Kigner, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 75. pl. 41. f. 2. Hab. 2 Knowing nothing of this species I have copied Kiener’s figure, and Lamarck’s description verbatim. Species 167. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) Murex territus. Mur. testa trigono-ovata, liris convevis subnodosis irreqularibus confertis undique cingulata, tuberculo unico inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, vari- cibus peculiariter laminato-frondosis, frondibus erectis, lateraliter connexis ; lutescente, livido-olivaceo hic illic saturatiore tincta. Tue TERRIFIED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, encir- cled throughout with close-set, slightly nodose, irre- gular convex ridges, with a single tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices peculiarly lami- nately frondose, fronds erect, connected and entangled together; yellowish, stained with livid orange, in patches here and there of a deeper colour. October 1845. MUREX. REEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? A decidedly new species, reminding one at first sight of the Murex Sinensis, but quite distinct on examination. The entire shell is encircled with very close-set convex ridges, each terminating on the varices in an erect frond, connected together at the side so as to form a continuous laminated frill extending from the suture to the base. Species 168. (Mus. Norris.) Murex crocatus. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, trans- versim liratd, liris parvis, granoso-squamatis, tuber- culo inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus frondosis, Srondibus obtuso-ramosis ; canali subelongato, frondoso ; Ffuscescente, frondibus rubido-crocatis. THE SAFFRON-TINGED Murex. Shell triangularly fusi- form, transversely ridged, ridges small, granosely sqa- mate, with a tubercle between the varices; three-va- ricose, varices frondose, fronds obtusely branched ; canal rather elongated, frondose; brownish, fronds reddish saffron colour. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? This might be regarded as a species of somewhat doubt- ful character, but after careful comparison I am unable to refer it to any hitherto described. The varices of fronds in the specimen before me, from the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq., which, with its operculum, is in excellent condition, are of a bright scarlet saffron colour. Species 169. (Fig. Kiener.) MUREX CARINIFERUS. Mur. testd ovato-conica, turbinata ; longitudinaliter costata, transversim striatd ; fulves- cente ; spird acutd, spinis coronatd ; anfractibus con- vevis, carinatis ; striis sublamellosis, decurrentibus ru- gosis ; apertura alba ; labro dextro sulcato, denticulato ; canali brevi; columellé basi umbilicaté. THe KEELED Murex. Shell ovately conical, turbinated, longitudinally ribbed, transversely striated ; yellowish, spire sharp; with sublamellar, decurrent, wrinkled strie ; aperture white, right lip grooved, denticulated ; canal short ; columella umbilicated at the base. KigneER, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 100. pl. 18. f. 2. Fusus cariniferus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 58. Hab. ? This shell is unknown to me, but, rather than omit the species, I have copied Kiener’s figure and description. Puate XXXII. Species 170. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Buxevus. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, multifariam unduloso-varicosis, varicibus obtusis liratis, liris creberrimis minute rugo- sis; apertura patuld, canali brevi; lutescente-fuscd, zonulis lutescente-albidis numerosis cingulatd, columella et aperture fauce nived, prope marginem denticulata. Tue Box-woop Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, whorls a little angulated round the upper part, multifariously varicose, varices waved, obtuse, transversely ridged, ridges very close-set, minutely wrinkled; aperture wide open, canal short; yellowish-brown, encircled with numerous small yellowish white zones ; columella and interior of the aperture snowy white, denticulated near the margin. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Pollia buxea, Sowerby. Hab. Iquiqui, Peru (found ona sandy bottom at the depth of eighteen fathoms); Cuming. A most aberrant form of the genus. Species 171. (Mus. Gruner, Bremen.) Murex puporicotor. Mur. abbreviato-fusiformi, oblique trigond, transversim liratd, liris singulis tuberculis duo- bus basem versus evanidis inter varices, lined minutd ele- vata inter liras ; trivaricosd, varicibus rotundatis, pro- minentibus, squamis frondibusque prototomis basem versus precipue pulcherrime ornatis ; eximie rubente. THE BLUSH-COLOURED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusi- form, obliquely triangular, transversely ridged, each ridge with two tubercles, fading towards the base of the shell, between the varices, and a minute elevated line between the ridges ; three-varicose, varices rounded, prominent, beautifully ornamented with scales and, especially towards the base, with small sprouting fronds; bright delicate blush-red. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Gruner. To Mr. Gruner, of Bremen in Germany, my thanks are most justly due for the loan of this new and extremely in- teresting shell. It reached me just at the moment in which I was arranging my last two plates of Murices for the ar- tist ; and I take no little pleasure in recording, as a noble example of disinterestedness in the pursuit of science, the circumstance of his having forwarded it through the post, suspended at imminent risk from a letter, in order to be in time for insertion: an offering the more acceptable, be- cause coming from a gentleman to whom I had not the honour of being personally known. Mirrex, Pl XXXIV GBS. acl.et lith R B&R imp MUREX. Piate XXXIV. Species 172. (Fig. Kiener.) Murex Krenert. Mur. testé parvi, elongatd, turricu- lata, varicosd, transversim striata, fulvd aut flavescente ; spird acutd ; anfractibus convexis ; suturd profundd, flavo maculata ; labro dextro intus sulcato ; canali sub- elongato, supra rotundato, angusto. Krener’s Murex. Shell small, elongated, turriculated, varicose, transversely striated, fulvous or yellowish ; spire sharp; whorls convex; suture deep, spotted with yellow; right ip grooved within; canal rather elongated, rounded above, narrow. Murex exyguus, Kiener (not of Broderip), Icon. Coq. viv., p. 97. pl. 46. f. 3. ? Hab. An interesting looking species with which I am unac- quainted. The name eazguus being already occupied I have the pleasure of attaching M. Kiener’s name to it. Species 173. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Preuroromoipes. Mur. testd pyriformi-ovata, anfractibus superné depressis, transversim liratis et mi- nutissime crispato-squamatis, multifariam varicosis, va- ricibus muricato-squamatis ; canali subelongato, patulo ; columella labroque intus dentatis, labro superne sinuato ; albida aut flavicante. Tuer PLevroroMA-LIKE Murex. Shell pyriformly ovate, whorls a little depressed at the upper part, trans- versely ridged and very minutely crisply scaled, mul- tifariously varicose, varices prickly scaled; canal ra- ther elongated, wide open; lip and columella toothed within, lip sinuated at the upper part. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. p A small pyriform prickly shell having a sinus in the upper part of the lip after the manner of a Plewrotoma. Species 174. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex pistacta. Mur. testé ovata, subfusiformi, solidi- usculd, anfractibus rotundatis, sulco subobsoleto prope suturam cinctis, transversim crebriliratis, longitudina- liter suboblique unduloso-varicosis, varicibus obtusis ; castaneo-fuscescente, columella et aperture fauce sub- rosaceis ; canali brevi. Tue Prstacuto-NuT Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi- form, rather solid; whorls rounded, encircled with a rather obsolete groove near the suture, transversely closely ridged, longitudinally a little obliquely vari- cose, varices waved obtuse; light chesnut-brown, columella and interior of the aperture faintly tinged with pink; canal short. Resve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Y A true and well-defined species which has not been hitherto noticed. Species 175. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex vipex. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, turritd, trans- versim liratis, lirarum interstitiis concavo-sulcatis ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundatis, prominenti- bus, subnodosis ; columellé subindistincte plicatd ; canali brevissimo ; labro crenulato, intus radiatim sulcato ; albd, ferrugineo-fusco tinctd, epidermide fused, rugosa. THE sSTRIPE-MARKED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, turreted, transversely ridged, interstices between the ridges, concavely grooved; seven-varicose, varices rounded, prominent, subnodose, columella somewhat indistinctly plaited ; canal very short; lip crenulated, radiately grooved within; white, stained with rusty brown, epidermis brown, rough. BroperipP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. St. Elena and Panama (found in sandy mud at a depth of from six to twelve fathoms); Cuming. An aberrant species which might be referred with equal propriety to Turbinellus. Species 176. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Crotch.) Murnx BurypTERoN. Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, basem versus contractd, spird breviusculd, acuminato-turritd, suturis subexcavatis ; anfractibus superné depressis, transversim obscure obtuso-liratis et punctato-striatis, tuberculo superficiario inter varices ; trivaricosd, vart- cibus tenuibus, erecto-alatis, ultimo latissimée expanso, superne falcato-recurvo ; apertura pared ovata ; canal breviusculo. THE WIDE-WING Murex. Shell ovately oblong, contracted towards the base, spire rather short, acuminately tur- October 1845. MUREX.—Piate XXXIV. reted, sutures slightly excavated; whorls depressed at the upper part, encircled with obscure transverse obtuse ridges and punctured strie, with a superficial tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices thin, erectly winged, the last very widely expanded and falcately recurved at the upper part; aperture small; canal rather short. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. Japan ? For this new and extraordinary shell I am indebted to the kindness of the Rev. W. R. Crotch, whose manuscript name ewrypteron, (from edpis, widely eatended, and mrépov, wing), I feel great pleasure in adopting as being peculiarly expressive of its remarkable alate growth. It approaches nearest to the Murex falcatus, but in that species there are five varices on a whorl, whilst in this there are but three, and the winged expansions of the Murew falcatus are folded over at the superior margin. The specimen here figured, and which is I believe unique, was received from Holland, and is supposed to have come from Japan. Species 177. (Fig. Kiener.) Murex Ze.anpicus. Mur. testd globosi, anterius ventri- cosd, subfragili ; albidd ; longitrorsum quinguies spi- nosd, transversim leviter sulcatd, spinis ultimis anfrac- tiis longioribus, recurvatis ; spird longd, acutd ; aper- turd ovali et alba ; canali brevi, contorto, sqwamoso. Tur New Znatanp Murex. Shell globose, ventricose anteriorly, somewhat fragile; whitish, armed longi- tudinally with five varices of spines, transversely slightly grooved, the last spines of the whorl longer, recurved; spire long, sharp; aperture oval, white ; canal short, twisted, squamose. Quvoy and Garmarp, Zool. Voyage de l’Astrolabe, vol. iii. p. 529. pl. 36. £. 5-7. Hab. Cook’s Straits, New Zealand. As I have not had the pleasure of seeing this interesting species I am unable to give an origmal figure or descrip- tion. ‘There is, I believe, a small specimen of it in this country figured some years since by Mr. Sowerby, in his *Conchological Illustrations, but he cannot recollect in whose possession it is. Species 178. (Mus. Cuming.) MUREX MARGARITICOLA. Mur. testd ovatd, squamarum liris angustis undique cinctd, anfractibus superné leviter angulatis, multifariam varicosis, varicibus obtuso-ro- tundatis ad angulum compresso-nodosis ; alba, squama- rum liris purpureo-nigricantibus, aperture fauce viola- ced, prope marginem dentatd ; canali brevi. THE PEARL-SHELL-INHABITING Murnx. Shell ovate, encircled throughout with narrow ridges of scales, whorls slightly angled at the upper part, multifari- ously varicose, varices obtusely rounded, compressly nodose at the angle; white, ridges purple-black, in- terior of the aperture violet, toothed near the margin ; canal short. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found adhering to the Meleagrina margaritifera). A shell of very interesting sculpture, consisting of a succession of narrow purple-black ridges of fine scales upon a white ground. Species 179. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Epwarpsit. Mu. testd ovata, crassiusculd, trans- versim irregulariter crebriliratd, longitudinaliter pli- cato-tuberculatd, varicibus interdum duobus vel tribus, interdum nullis ; viridi-fuscd, aperture fauce violacea, prope marginem dentatd ; canali brevi. Epwarps’ Murex. Shell ovate, rather thick, transversely irregularly closely ridged, longitudinally plicately tubercled, sometimes two or three varices, sometimes none ; greenish-brown, interior of the aperture violet, toothed near the margin ; canal short. Menke, Syn. p. 65; Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 210. Purpura Edwardsii, Payrandeau. Purpura Lasseignei, Basterot. Hab. Mediterranean. The varices are so irregular in their appearance that the generic character of the species appears to oscillate between that of Murex and Purpura. Species 180. (Mus. Norris.) MUREX TOROSUS. costis grandibus tumulosis, interstitiis profunde exca- vatis, lird squamatd percurrente, cingulata ; varicibus tribus aut pluribus, obtusis ; fused ; spird brevissimd. Tue Lusty Murex. Shell globosely ovate, ventricose, encircled with large tumulous ribs, the interstices be- tween which are deeply hollowed, with a squamate ridge running along; varices three or more in num- ber, obtuse; brown; spire very short. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.598. Hab. ? A very unsatisfactory species having much the appear- ance of a monstrous variety of the Murex erinaceus. Mur. testé globoso-ovatd, ventricosd, A = wi Murex, Pl XE 182 6 /52. tt MUREX. PLATE XXXV. Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex nux. Mur. testé abbreviato-ovatd, crassiusculd, transversim obsolete striata, basi unbilicatd, spird brevi, acuminata ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus crassis, solidis, superné subnodosis, canali brevissimo ; intus extusque albi. THe Nut Murex. Shell abbreviately ovate, rather thick, transversely obsoletely striated, umbilicated at the base, spire short, acuminated ; seven-varicose, varices thick, solid, slightly nodose at the upper part, canal rather short, white within and without. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1847. Hab. ? A short gibbous shell with very stout obtuse varices. Species 182. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex arrinis. Mur. testdé fusiformi, transversim pul- cherrimé crebriliratd, liris subtiliter scabrosis, tuberculis duobus approximatis, quorum uno subobsoleto, inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus bre- vibus subobtusis ; fuscescente, liris castaneis, apice Srondibusque rosaceis. THe aLLinp Murex. Shell fusiform, transversely very beautifully closely ridged, ridges finely scabrous, with two tubercles, one of which is somewhat obsolete, between the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds short and rather obtuse; light brown, ridges chesnut, apex and fronds pink. Resgve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. This species might easily be taken for a young Murex palma-rose of stunted growth, or a variety of the Murex maurus ; it will, however, be found on examination to be distinct from both; and its peculiarities of character are perfectly uniform in several specimens that have come under my notice. Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex purruratus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, subdis- tortd, liris obtusis lineisque elevatis cingulatd, tuberculo prominulo inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus frondo- sis, frondibus brevibus, submuricatis, labro intus con- spicué denticulato, denticulis binis; fusco-albicante, castaneo-fusco hic illic tinctd, margine labri collumel- laris rufescente, labri externi limbo vivide purpureo- violaceo. THE PURPLE-sTAINED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, rather distorted, encircled with raised lines and ob- tuse ridges, with a rather prominent tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds short, slightly muricated, lip conspicuously toothed within, teeth ranged two and two; brownish white, stained here and there with chesnut brown, edge of columellar lip reddish, edge of the outer lip deep purple violet. ReEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? Thave not described this shell without some hesitation, because there is a glimpse of some affinity with the Murex calcitrapa in it. It, nevertheless, exhibits a great pecu- harity of form and colouring, and though I have carefully compared it with many different examples of that species, T cannot identify it with satisfaction. Species 184. Mus. Cuming.) Murex savuamuLosus. Mur. testé Pyruleformi, anfrac- tibus superne planulatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costa- tis, costis liris elevatis transversis, alternatim majoribus, pulcherrime fornicato-squamatis, clathratis, canali lon- giusculo ; pellucide rosaceo-alba.. THE squamuLous Murex. Shell Pyrula-shaped, whorls flattened round the upper part, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs latticed with raised ridges, alternately larger, beautifully ornamented with vaulted scales ; canal rather long ; transparent pink white. Fusus squamulosus, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p- 204. pl. xi. f. 31. Hab. Mediterrranean. This is one of those abnormal species of the genus which might with equal propriety be referred to Fusus. The squamiferous sculpture of the transverse ridges, which are alternately larger and smaller, is extremely delicate and beautiful. Species 185. (Mus. Cuming.) Morex ciaturatus. Mur. testé subfusiformi-ovata, basi umbilicatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter cre- bricostatis, costis crassiusculis, liris angustis squami- geris conspicue clathratis, canali subrecurvo ; alba, apice pallideé rosaceo. THE LATTICED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, wnbilicated at the base, whorls rounded, longitudi- nally closely ribbed, ribs rather thick, conspicuously latticed with narrow squamiferous ridges, canal a little recurved ; white, apex pale pink. Reeve Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab ? Well characterized by its rounded whorls, and the sharp elevated squamiferous structure of the transverse ridges. April, 1846. Mureac. PL XXXVI. 188 R.B. & R. op Lith 8. delet GB. MUREX. PLate XXXVI. Species 186. (Mus.Cuming.) Murex rupripentatus. Mur. testa trigono-fusiformi, transversim obtuso-liratd, tuberculis duobus approxi- matis inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus undulato- laminatis, erectis, e apice oblique fluentibus, apertura parva, labro intus conspicue dentato ; lacted, aurantio- fusco hic illic sparsim tincta, dentibus rubris. THE RED-TooTHED Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, transversely obtusely ridged, with two approximating tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices undulately laminated, erect, flowing obliquely from the apex, aperture small, lip conspicuously toothed within; cream-coloured, sparingly stained here and there with orange-brown, teeth red. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. 2 A truly interesting species, quite distinct from any hitherto described. It is of a triangular fusiform struc- ture, and each varix consists of an erect plaited lamina flowing obliquely from the apex. The inner side of the lip is strongly toothed, and the teeth bemg tipped with red upon a milk-white ground have a very chaste and characteristic appearance. Mr. Cuming possesses two examples of this species, both in equally fine condition. Species 187. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex spectrum. Mur. testa erecto-fusiformi, transver- sim liratd, liris irregularibus, nodosis et tuberculatis, spire suturis subexcavatis ; trivaricosd, varicibus in- crassatis, frondosis, frondibus subelongatis, ramosis et muricatis, canali longiusculo; lutescente, frondibus lirisque castaneo-fuscis. Tue spectRE Murex. Shell erectly fusiform, transversely ridged, ridges irregular, nodose and tuberculated, sutures of the spire rather excavated ; three-varicose, varices thickened, frondose, fronds rather elongated, branched and muricated, canal rather long ; yellowish, fronds and ridges chesnut-brown. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? This new and somewhat remarkable species approximates to the Murex palma-rose in form, though perfectly distinct, throughout in its various details of character. Mr. Cuming possesses no information as to its locality, and has not heard of any other specimen. Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex Frortrer. Mur. testa trigono-ovatd, subfusiformi, transversim liratd, liris subdistantibus, interstitiis sub- tilissime funiculatis, funiculis frondes super scabrosis, tuberculo grandi elongato inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus pulcherrime frondosis, frondibus erectis, flori- Servis, muricatis ; albicante, ferrugineo-fusco plus minusve tincta, frondibus saturatioribus, extremitatibus muri- catis intus extusque albis, apice rosaceo. THE FLOWER-BEARING Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, somewhat fusiform, transversely ridged, ridges rather distant, interstices very finely corded, cords scabrous over the back of the fronds, with a large elongated tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices very beautifully frondose, fronds crect, floriferous, muricated ; whitish, more or less stained with rusty brown, fronds darker brown, muricated extremities of the fronds white within and without, apex pink. Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. Hab. Honduras. A fine new species approximating in general appearance to the Murex rufus, from which it may easily be distin- guished by the forcible character of the ribs and tubercles, by its white ground colour and pink apex, and the striking effect which is produced by the white-tipped extremities of the fronds. Species 24. (Mus. White). Murex MEGACERUS.—A specimen from the collection of H. H. White, Esq., illustrating a peculiar state of this species (for the normal form of which see Plate VI.), in which the fronds are of a short stunted growth, and the body of the shell particularly stout and gibbous. April 1846. ~~ oe he ¢ Rt amare) oreo bee Par Aiea: vai yes : sie ere $75 L© 2 a eon ea — eats ® smd #4, ; ap = Le) - - 7 = - _—— w — = 5 ~~ @ = = ‘ a > - = > oh = 7 = ‘ : = Sc & e : ; om , a - a => =< 7 = F _ ~ - = n = - es - > so Pee © 2s = -s - f = = a we . os tere = Sie - —— = a 5 fe . acanthopterus, Lamarck ....... aculeatus, Lamarch...........- aculeatus, Wood .......-...--- adunco-spinosus, Beck......... aduncus, Sowerby ..........-- adustus, Lamarck ............- BARLTIISW/CCEUE meray cNer=. aus) eye) ci sierasel= alabaster peeve eae. ee sce - ALVGALIIS WATCREN finer. cya wa/S0aie/e) 2,8 ambiguus, Reeve ............. angularis, IER AS OOO OG anguliferus, Wi tunde sooo oo coes aranea, Blainville’............. asperrimus, Lamarck ........... axicormis, Lamarck ...........- lopGlii, Jiao ns ogaeo homo beoses hseticus, Reeve so. .s- 2 ss ss, LEIGAIDEL Je? Boe an se SOB Obr Banks, Sowerby ........-...-- laa liicy 22 eo» Sleeeen GEIneNs bicolor, Valenciennes ......-.... bipinnatus, Reeve............. Blainvillii, Payrandeau........ Titi WSGNSY Sone eoeE beer HOTeAS WRECUE Hm ca «cicic este cies brandaris, Zinneus ............ iprassica, Uamarchs.. 2: .....--- breviculus, Sowerby...........- brevifrons, Lamarck ........... brevispina, Lamarck .......... buxeus, Broderip.............- Cal CATAPACENCI We ic. isc escc oe ne» calcitrapa, Lamarck........... Californicus, Hinds ........... caliginosus, Reeve ............ cancellatus, Sowerby ..........- Capensis, | Sow er Be So spe evga carduus, Broderip.....-.--..-- cariniferus (Fusus), Sowerby .... Gomiminer HEU eon ne oe aneoRs cervicornis, Lamarch.......... chrysostoma, Gray ........... cinguliferus, Lamarck .......... CITTOSUSS) LIAS ee eye.) ae Clathratus, Reeve... ..5.......-. GLA VUSHPAZEI07 a tars se) ole. «ic, c.<) « concinnus, Reeve............. corallinus, Scacchi............ commutus, Vinneus.......-..-5- corrugatus, Sowerby........... erassilabrum, Gray ......-.... erassispina, Lamarck.......... crassivaricosa, Reeve ........... cuispus, Broderip... 202-2... - cristatus, Broccht ............ emistatus, GIay ss. 222. 2s 0s oe GRICANIC, JU see bag oeeoe COT eyclostoma, Sowerby........... decussatus, Reeve ....... XXVIII. XXXII. XXVHIL. XXXII. XXXI. XXXI. MUREX. [Temporary Index.] Species. digitatus, Sowerby ............-. 60 dipsacus, Broderip ............ 116 distinctus, Cristoforis .......... 93 dubinsy Sowerby ieee tieretels 61 ducalis, Broderip.............. 29 Edwardsii, Menke ............. 182 elecans)) Deca aeiertaeea era 39 elongatus, Lamarch...........- 157 emarginatus, Sowerby .........-. 51 endivia, Lamarck..1..........- 5 erinaceus, Zinneus ............ 48 GMOWESS JoRMATD ¢ Bonaoms d6o0Ce 21 erystoma, Swainson............ 35 erythrostoma, Swainson ........ 37 eurypteron, Heeve! jo 22 ae... 159 CHT) WSGIG? on 6o8 oo 600085 66 162 faleatus, Sowerby. s0.. 00-00... 135 fasciatus, Sowerby ............-. 38 fenestratus, Chemnitz .......... 84 HEAT NWOT ob oancscbos8s0 44 IOS, Je comps go bosnuobC 6 fiscellum, Chemnitz ............ 110 MIE, JUL Bo aeposcocnanoses 128 inns Crdbone opcocasodonc 145 formosus, Sowerby ............ 96 foveolatus, Hinds ... ROOT 56 funiculatus, Reeve ............- 118 Gambiensis, Reeve............. 13 CPOE, MEUIMENO Kp no po on G00604 77 aemAGWR Jeli eon oabodosocs 170 eyratus (Lrophon), Hinds eusiaters 100 hamatus, Hinds .......... 13 ibaneeral vite TANNEUS) eae 144. hemitripterus, Lamarck ........ 141 hexagonus, Lamarck ........... 132 hippocastanum Philippi ......... 156 horridus) Broderipy sess 4 10 lng, HRI) coooooo ap eoBe 125 imperialis, Seeainson ......-...- 169 AN CISUSy BIO UCL Taare er let tte 130 inconspicuus, Sowerby........-- 66 UNTIMELY om Sondononne Hb 83 Mnplecus Asa Tar CKet yee) ae 2/-p-ys ee 11 POLONUS, SOWELOY2 =)-) 12-210) Je) -)- = 138 Kerenert Reeve .'s hapesetvcvere srenever ots 185 laciniatus, Sowerby .........-.- 9 Jaminiferus} eceere ye elrai-s-)-ver- 104 Jap pay BL OMETIUD see eiel-) = clr alalare) = 165 laqueatus, Sowerby .........+-- al epidushyitcenchrwterrttteptteyteye 52 lingua-vervecina, Chemnitz ...... 146 luculentus, Reeve...........-.- 82 Nimlonuts, LRTI) cooooccesGec 33 macropteron, Deshayes.........- 67 maculatus, Reeve.............. 112 margariticola, Broderip ........ 62 Martinianus, Reeve............ 168 maurus, Broderip ............- 154. megacerus, Sowerby .....--..-.- 153 melanomathos, Gmelin.......... Plate. XII. XXVI. XXXII. XXVI. XIV. XXXIV. XXIV. Wie I. VIL. II. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXIV. XVI. XXVHI. xGVE XXVITI. XXIX. XXXII. XXXIV. XVIII. IV. Wal Species. 46 Plate Species. melonulus, Lamarck...........- 100, 14 rosarium, Chemnitz ............ messorius, Sowerby .....-++++-- XXII. 90 OED ISTH? oo oaee5500056006 microphyllus, Lamarck ......... X. 40 rubescens, Broderip...........- miliaris, Gmelin..........-... XXV. 102 TUDISINOSUS WACEEEL ee ei ee eet Mindanensis, Sowerby.......... XIX. 78 rubridentatus, Reeve ........... Mitriformis, Sowerby .......--. XXXxI. 156 mbbine} JLT OUADE ona ogodtcaowanee Monoceros, Sowerby ........... Ul. 7 NPRINGEL JIS Awe dguudeaduaaas monodon, Sowerby ............ V. 21 SAIN OSES NOL 25005500 d00006 motacilla, Chemnitz............ XXII. 88 Saulize, Sowerby. .........-...- mundus, Reeve. . : sadg 20sOx00L, 166 saxatilis, Linneus......... bee muricatus (Zr ophon), Hinds... .. XXXT 47 SOLICOLA, SBTOCELIPy..\= = ea tiathotel- nigrescens, Sowerby .. . A XXIII 92 SCOULOSUSS SOWELD YE er iene ire ict nigrispinosus, Reon Molaro oehS XX. 79 Scalarioides, De Blainville ...... Miprituss Ginter ei eile XSLT 47 scalarinus, BIVOD). -\... .- 14-7 nMOS MRE nidoccaascaccones <\Wlill 70 scolopax, Dillwyn ............. modatus, eevee iar seiciy= ets 6 XXV. 107 RCO); JU PHIBs 3 ods00 Ge a800 noduliferus, Sowerby .... XXXI. 150 secundus, Lamarck ...........- Norrisii, Reeve.......... XXVIII 129 Senegalensis, Gmelin .......... MUCUlaNweevewy ivele cleise sims XXIX 131 SINUS WSOC. 0 eerie eee Nuttallii, Conrad ...... 1k, 7 Simensiss Heevelrmie cio eiice eee TDS JAE So n0c000dede XXXV 181 Gaeanbe, JWI ooocooce seu er OCCA SOWEROV Ener eerie k XX. 8] spinicostata, Valenciennes ....... octogonus, Quoy.............. XXIX 134 squamulosus, (Fusus) Philippi ... oculatus’ Reenels. |. selects ccs | LX 36 Stainforthn, Reeve ............ OSSCUS, RECDE cle eto wieser ister sceieteist | DUDE. 73 Steertse: eevee eee tcietstsie ie oxyacantha, Broderip .......... IV. 17 Tarentinus, Lamarck .........- palma-rose, Lamarck .......... VET 30 tenuispina, Lamarck ... ....... palmiferus, Sowerby .......-... IV. 20 ternispina, Lamarck ........... pellucidus, IRLCDE Res hore eee anette ie XIV. 54 CELEILUS: RA CEE RE Ree riy ieee (OEMS, Jaco cg ocbecocdscer XXIX 139 tetragonus, Broderip .......... Peruvianus, Sowerby ........-. XXIX 134 LOLOSUS: PUICINGT. Choe ee ieieteieeiee phyllopterus, Zamarck.......... XVI. 63 torrefactus, Sowerby.........-.- om, WOW soegssccesoccs Alo 57 wmalarus: KAENeT oo) lose eile longed OGD Sanococeauao, | 2GVil 62 trialatus, Sowerby ........-..- ORO IMGT. sso ogsecsao0s0s © 2OONIN 174 tribulus, Uinneus............s- planiliratus, Reeve... .......... XXXII. 149 [nunKONTE, JAAS Sone cangadadcnd Pleurotomoides, Reeve........-. XXXIV. 173 trigonularis, Sowerby .........- pliciferus, Sowerby............. XX. 80 HHS, WSN? Soesogesoque polygonulus, Zamarck.......... XXXII 165 trigonulus, Lamarck ..........- pomum, Gmelin .............. IX. 35 trilimeatus, Reeve ............. jones ERD cecpbcceo00e NAb 23 (MOK, JIA nag coaancooan ss NGS, WATE Sononescocedoso 2OAIDK 137 IOAN) SHOT cooasdosoooaode pudoricolor, Reeve............. XXXII. yl trunculus, Linneus ........0... Purpura, Chemnitz <7. /-)-1-)- 7-1/3) 9 XO. 102 tumulosus, Sowerby ............ purpuratus, Reeve............. XXXV. 183 turbinatus, Lamarck ........... Purpuroides, Dunker........... XXXII. 158 uncinarius, Lamarck ........... quadrifrons, Lamarck .......... IL. 10 uncinarius, Sowerby..........-- MENGE IH a6 656550000004 XXX. 148 varicosus, Sowerby............- TACIX, | GUNCMID oe afocete eta tole lees XVII. 69 VENI MAR aoa dans esoncaos MOVE ITA Soanagso0cucs lk 3 Vallee Jey any Uigotomeanoodoas6 TEM OME TORO caeooucooeds Od 86 vittatus, Broderip ............. rectirostris, Sowerby ........... XXII. 91 vitulinus, Lamarck ............ recurvirostris, Broderip ........ XIX. 75 Helandicus;y QUoyivers-b-1 teje< el pate Re IL Koen oaoe onaoodaa 2s 59 ERRATA. Species Species Species Species MUREX. 8, Murex SAXATILIS, add as synonyme, Murex erystoma, Swainson. 14, instead of “for description of which see Pl. VIII.’ » read Pl, IX. 64, for MuREX ACANTHROPTERUS, read MUREX ACANTHOPTERUS. 76, for Fig. 73. Pl. XIX. read Fig. 73. Pl. XVIII. Species 133, insert the Latin, Mur. testd globoso-fusiformi, solidd, transversim costatd, costis approximatis, lamellatis, varices super paululum divergentibus ; quinquevaricosd, varicibus prominentibus, postice foraminatis; albd, Sfusco superne fasciatd ; Species 166, for MuREXx ExiGUUS read MUREX MUNDUS. aperturd ovali; canali longiusculo, subascen- dente, sinistrorsum recurvo. Plate. Species. TIT. & IX. 14 XXV. 105 XII. 45 VHI. 32 XXXVI. 186 IV. 19 XXXIIT. 163 XXIV 98 EOL 31 THe 8 VIL. 27 te 2 XXXII 161 XXXII 161 XXII 89 XXV. 106 XXIV 97 XXIV 101 XXV. 108 VI. 25 XXXVI 187 1D 18 XXXV 184 XVII 68 VIII. 28 Il. a XXI. 85 XVIII. & XIX. 76 XXXIIT. 167 XXVI. 118 XXXIV. 180 X. 4] XIV. 55 XVI. 63 XX. 82 XIII. 53 XIV. 54 1h 4 XXII. 97 XXV. 103 XIV. 55 I 4 Mi: 22 XXIII 94. Til. 15 XXXI. 156 Il. 9 XII. 49 IX. 34 XXXIV 175 XXTX 140 XXV. 102 XXXIV 177 “ - - v f « 7 +a ’ ' 5 . « YS Murex Supp. PLT. 193.6 194. G.B.S. del.et lith Vincent Brooks,lmp MUREX. Supp. Prats J. Species 189. (Mus. Gubba.) Murex stricatus. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, transver- sim graniliratd et striata, tuberculis duobus, quorum uno multo majore inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus regulariter frondosis, frondibus floriferis, equalibus, apertura parva, canali clauso; ustulato-fuscescente, castaneo transversim undique strigata. Tue stRIPED Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, trans- versely granulately ridged and striated, two tubercles between the varices, one of which is much the larger ; three-varicose, varices regularly frondose, fronds flori- ferous, equal, aperture small, canal closed ; light burnt brown, transversely striped throughout with dark chestnut. Hab. ? An interesting new M. Gubba of Havre. species from the collection of Species 190. (Mus. Taylor.) Murex roririuvs. Mur. testd fusiformi, subventricosd, anfractibus transversim obscuré liratis, rugosis, quad- rivaricosis, varicibus rudibus, simplicibus, planulatis, obscure denticulatis, aperture margine dentato ; sordidé cinerascente, intus nigricante-castaned, varicibus albidis. THe BEDEWED Murex. Shell fusiform, slightly ven- tricose, whorls transversely obscurely ridged, rugose, four-varicose, varices rude, simple, flattened, obscurely denticulated, margin of the aperture toothed; dull ash-colour, blackish chestnut within, varices white. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 2. a, b. Hab. Korean Archipelago; Belcher. Of a very dark chestnut colour interiorly, the outer surface being of a dull ash, with the lip and varices white. Species 191. (Mus. Taylor.) MUREX PLORATOR. levibus, trivaricosis, varicibus compresso-alatis, aper- turé pared, rotundatd, canali clauso ; castaneo-fuscd, medio transversim albizonata. THE MOURNER Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, whorls smooth, three-vyaricose, varices compressly winged, aperture small, rounded, canal closed; chestnut- brown, transversely white-zoned in the middle. Mur. testa trigono-ovata, anfractibus Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 3. a, 6. Hab. Korean Archipelago ; Belcher. Belonging to the same division of the genus as the M. eurypteron. Species 192. (Mus. Taylor.) Murex Burnertit. Mur, testd trigono-ovatd, crassiusculd, anfractibus transversim obsolete costatis, trivaricosis, varicibus late fimbriatis, dente unico marginali pro- minente, apertura ovali, canali clauso ; albidéd, cas- taneo-fusco plus minusve tinctd. Burnett’s Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, rather thick, whorls transversely obsoletely ribbed, three-varicose, varices broadly fimbriated, with a single prominent marginal tooth, aperture oval, canal closed ; whitish, more or less stained with chestnnt-brown. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 4.a, 4. Hab. Korean Archipelago; Belcher. A fine species, very distinct from any hitherto described of which only one or two specimens were collected in a more or less mutilated condition. The canal is closed over, and each varix is furnished with a remarkably pro- minent tooth. Species 193. (Mus. Gubba.) Murex Gusppi. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, basin ver- sus contractd, anfractibus superné depresso-concavis, granoso-striatis et liratis, liris irregulariter nodulosis, trivaricosis, varicibus frondosis, frondibus angustis, wrregularibus, unicd mediand bifurcatd, superna multo majore, peculiariter falcatd ; labro intus conspicue dentato ; adustd, prope basin anticé fuscescente, aper- ture fauce cerulescente-alba. Guppa’s Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, con- tracted towards the base, whorls depressly concave round the upper part, transversely granosely striated and ridged, ridges irregularly nodulous, three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds narrow, irregular, a single middle one bifurcated, the uppermost frond much the larger, peculiarly hooked ; lip conspicuously toothed ; cinder-black, fulvous in front near the base, interior of the aperture bluish-white. P) Hab. June, 1849. MUREX—Sopp. Prats I. M. Gubba possesses two specimens of this very inter- esting new species, to which I have the pleasure of at- taching his name. Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.) Murex vunicornis. Mur. testé subfusiformi-oblongd, crass, oblique trigond, transversim obscure costatd, tuberculo magno inter varices, varicibus incrassatis, obtusis, ultimo intus denticulato, dente unico conspicuo erecto elongato, canali brevissimo, clauso ; alba, castaneo tinctd. THE UNICORN Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong, thick, obliquely triangular, transversely obscurely ribbed, with a large tubercle between the varices, varices thickened, obtuse, last whorl denticulated within, one tooth conspicuous, erect, elongated, canal very short, closed; white, stained with chestnut. Hab. ? This approaches very near to the AZ. monoceros, but is of a different form and of more solid growth. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS VE Slings is aa ac ‘What wonder then if with one virtuous touch The arch-chimic sun, so far from us remote, Produces, with terrestrial humour mixed, Here in the dark so many precious things Of colour glorious and effect so rare.” —IL/ton. CYP RATA. Prats I. Genus Cyprm®a, Linneus. Testa ovata vel oblongo-ovata, ventricosa, polita, interdum nodifera aut costellata, extremitatibus canaliferis aut emarginatis, spird brevissimd, partim vel omnind oc- eultd ; apertura subcentrali, longitudinali, angusté ; columella labroque per totam longitudinem plus minusve denticulatis, interdum .at raro edentulis. Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, ventricose, polished, some- times nodiferous or ribbed, with the extremities channeled or emarginated ; spire very short, partially or entirely concealed ; aperture nearly central, longi- tudinal, narrow ; lip and columella more or less toothed throughout then entire length, sometimes, but rarely, without teeth. There is perhaps no group in the series whose shells have excited more admiration than those of the Cypree ; the Cowry is generally the first to attract the attention of the amateur, and its physiological history offers matter of no less interest to the man of more abstruse habits of enquiry. The Cyprea is a mollusk of very peculiar character : first, on account of the different phases presented by its shell at different periods of growth ; and, secondly, on ac- count of the curious property which the animal possesses of dissolving and renewing its shell. The original growth of the Cowry is, undoubtedly, a process of time; but the re-calcification of a shell at maturer age appears to be the work of a few days only. The first stage of advancement produces a simple con- volution of shell around a columella axis in the form of a long drawn out Bulla, the columella being smooth, the outer lip thin, and the colour usually diffused in bands of waves. In the second epoch of growth the shell solidi- fies, the lip and columella begin to thicken, and present gradual indications of teeth, the teeth become more and more perfectly developed, and the dorsal surface is over- laid with a strong coat of livid colouring matter also dif- fused in obscure bands or waves. The calcifying energies of the mantle, which, extending in two unequal lobes one from either side of the shell’s aperture, have been chiefly exercised during the second epoch of growth upon the dor- sal surface, are now more particularly directed to the base and sides. The teeth are strengthened, the sides become thickened with a rich coating of enamel, and the growth of the shell is completed by a light fabric of colouring mat- ter deposed in lines, blotches, waves, or reticulations, of various hues and patterns. The re-calcifieation of a shell at maturer age has been a subject of some difference of opinion amongst naturalists. Bruguiére first introduced the fact, and Lamarck says “ I possess observations which tend to prove that the Cowry, arrived at the power of forming a complete shell, has still the faculty of enlarging its habitation, and is then obliged to quit the shell in order to form a new one. It results from this that the same individual has the power of form- ing a successive number of shells during both the second and third stages of growth; and which accounts for our often meeting with so many different sizes of the same species”! M. Deshayes, after furnishing us with an excellent ac- count of the zoological characters of Cyprea, derived mainly from the observations of M. M. Quoy and Gaimard, argues against the possibility of any re-modelling of the shell taking place, and regards the statement of Lamarck as a theory opposed to the common laws of organization. To the supposition of Bruguicre that the Cowries cast their shells after the manner of Crabs, M. Deshayes very pro- perly replies that there can be no analogy between them. The new shell of the Crustacea is formed by a secretion of equal consistency from every part of the body, whereas the Mollusca have a muscular attachment to the columella, and increase the growth of their shell by an exudation, not from the whole body, but from a particular organ ;— the mantle being the sole agent charged with that faculty. It is further argued by the same distinguished naturalist that the Cowry must lose the power of forming the inner chambers of the columella anew, after having once passed that early process of developement which induces their for- mation. ‘ How is it possible,’ asks M. Deshayes, “ that the animal can, under the circumstances of its nature, secrete a new shell from all parts of the body at once, and with all the different phases of colour exhibited in the original, when it has reached to an advanced condition of its existence ?” November 1845. CYPRMA.—Ptats I. It is, however, certain that the Cowry is enabled to effect a very important change in the shell during one or more periods of its life; and I think the fact may be fully established without prejudice to the excellent arguments of my illustrious contemporary. From the testimony of a gentleman, who worthily employs the opportunities afforded him as a Naval Officer to the advancement of science, whose veracity is beyond all question, and whose com- munication (given verbatim) * contams nothing more than a simple narrative of the phenomena of which he was himself an eye-witness, it may, I think, be deduced that it is the outer wall of the shell only. which is re-constructed, the columella with its spiral compartments remaining un- disturbed. The animal does not quit the shell as Lamarck supposed, but dissolves the outer portion with its acetose juices. All visible trace of the shell may be thus removed without weakening M. Deshayes’ proposition founded on the circumstance of the mantle bemg the only organ charged with the secretive fluid. The mantle is always capable of extension over the shell; and the same power which furnishes the adult with its last coating of enamel can be exerted to the formation of as many superincum- bent layers as may be necessary to replace all that has been decomposed. That a dissolution takes place there can be no doubt:—‘the shell gradually swells,” says Lieut. Hankey, “and cracks, becomes thinner, and duller in colour, and finally disappears ;” a circumstance which may be easily credited when it is remembered that the Murex possesses the faculty of removing spines or any similar obstacles to its advancement of growth, and that the Pholades, and other terebrating mollusks, exercise a power of absorbing which enables them to penetrate the hardest limestone rock. The microscopical structure of the Cowry shell is, moreover, of a nature peculiarly tena- cious of absorption ; it is composed of a large quantity of carbonate of lime in proportion to the amount of mem- branous substance; and this accounts for its surface be- coming vitrified, as it were, to such ahighly polished state of enamel when in contact with the acidity of the soft parts. There is another circumstance in Lieut. Hankey’s nar- rative to which attention should be given, respecting the formation of the new shell :—the glutinous matter which has the appearance of shell-lac, and is so fragile that it yields to the touch, does not assume the narrow cylindrical Bulla form, it does not follow the original plan of revolv- ing round a columellar axis, but is of the wide, ventri- cose shape of a Cymba, and rapidly consolidates into the adult shell. With these generalizations I think it may be assumed that the Cowry possesses the faculty of decomposing, during one or more periods of its existence, any portion of the shell that is lable to resist its advancement of growth; that the renewal of the shell is accomplished within a comparatively short space of time; and that the columella with its internal spiral partitions remains undis- turbed. It may, however, be inferred that it is an opera- tion of extremely rare occurrence, and one which only hap- pens under peculiar conditions. The Cypree present two very distinct groups ;—the larger species in which the surface of the shell is highly enamelled, and the smaller species in which it is dis- posed in grooves and ridges of a lighter character and of more delicate colouring. In the first division there are two or three species from South Africa of a peculiar opake white structure, of which the C. Algoensis and Capensis may be quoted as bemg the types of Mr. Gray’s genera LIuponia and Cypreovula; the second division is the genus Trivia of the same writer. The genus Cyprea presents little variety of form but a diversity of colouring; it contains several very distinct and characteristic species of unusual rarity, and which our country can alone boast of possessing. Of these the Cypree princeps and leucodon, in our national collection, * Lizut. J. B. Hankey, R.N., to Lovett REEVE. My dear Sir. H.M.S. Collingwood, August 6th, 1844. Will you allow me to offer you a few remarks on the habits of the Cyprea as regards the fact of its making a new shell, at an advanced age, of which process I have been myself in more than one instance an eye-witness. I have seen the Cowry craw] into some hollow or sheltered place, evidently for some predetermined purpose. The growth of the animal appears to increase too large for its cell; it gradually swells and cracks the shell, and I think that some powerful solvent or decomposing fluid is distributed over the outer surface by the mantle of the fish, for it gets thinner in substance, and the colours duller in appearance. The shell then entirely disappears, the Cowry becomes, to all appearance, a naked mollusk, with no other covering than its membranous mantle, and ina short time secretes a thin layer of glutinous matter which in a few days obtains the fragile consistency of shell-lac. dated into the adult shell. From this step its growth is more rapid, and it becomes more and more consoli- When in the first stage of renewal it has the appearance of shell-lac it is always of the Cymba form, but I have never succeeded in preserving any specimens in this state on account of their extreme fragility. Trusting that you may make some use of these notes, and that (as I have a good dredge with me) I may, like Mr. Cuming, succeed in bringing home something worthy of notice, I shall conclude myself, my dear sir, Yours very truly, Joun B. Hankey. Ai , an e - eS OW a. a ant my. - rie at ee ah ~ be bape. ay Le ia 4 i. : 7 ee on oe ‘ ay gly meyers lhe “. > ; AS : 7 ao wh o “i be a ally ” rblely ~ oe Li >= I ee aaa) 2d s ass beet. | et eel P vem i the va welit by pe. a es a 7 => Lon ni ’ TY ey ie a ae 7 —_, ding =) om i a é Tt ie oly. ne Phased oe = 4 iat e. - ya ee rhc Sr He ne it a Babin Lbs is 7 aa P A f oe ro divs al : ot nis @ 4 Rais ali eee ah sae | Aa) el ay ei 7 ‘tus gr _ » th tenets mm hg 9 ara a ; anaes 2 ne pid .s fool Dasaniont ‘i A nak oo? e Ss i) wee: f pa eR et _ ri. — - 7 Brant : cfs i bie ft a ~~ Malar : ay a iret wf = ad hak. “an fn ‘en — oo - 6b Mario pei gt ‘ = pi pen jie wy" ——— 4 : * See oe a ty Er Se a wa I , ee a oe ee I aaah Pr ae é rae ea on a i Ee ies ehh. & Se A. ia ; 1 GO " sa ed atts 7 . ae mm aoe et Aille dure 4° Min we Soe fev a eal nn - —_ : bevpey - a" a : ’ ee rene af : ~ " : ve ie ae ® ; ; ‘ rn ‘ img f oe ree Pe bay ma .” x : Ds eee .. A Wale! atin te os ie ne eR wr ~—_ ‘- bites i Opies. Rael eer a i ee f ae es. | ra ty el , ee Alb heres i at apm Aneta wee 6 ol ON id ei ea i> SP I _ . . = 7 ia nit dat a Ace all w “ bathed) ] ene tame Wis We yRaPEE ‘pane ie we ¥ y : 7 a ad re | tual goed ie Ana = - » rv. ee ~~ 2 > iary te '-) : i ¢ “ Lap 1 ay hb _ : : ; EOE: . 2 b@is “ — Por ids pam bee ole i ‘ . = ge ran 7 ~~ po ve > OA r Wys 7 Cc’ ote ry ‘ = rl = PAA ak? ye ie i a7 Tr ¢ eae -o eneNy 5 ome ae le nn eho mu mine py otek ‘@. eat, iat (Clee ve ra’, re 7 ii - 7 a » or y wee 7 — a * we ene 7 7 : ; hi a va cued da? ts at Tos a ; oe ee 7s — i al at al Pe : -_ > oly HR. malo, jr fone i, live! wt Pe poe wD, ay en on ae hating oor ta ae 7 “ws wy aoe oN ae ier (AP = " _— ale a Me “f Y wv v0 = ‘ee a een yl eat ee ae) | : - tyres WS nerd : oy _ od Ain ae At - ‘ve pte tia? pSiaragha ni rime _-, - P ee + onal a Pieis? aie? ip. Wa Riedy w Gs st arn ae > a: pw frie) oa pie : oon, ae : we rr — | ae J vere» ot sae cv alae? vee PAY ape wee ID se nC oa ales ae . nd € as rye Ri —] aor po 7 SA tn ale ~~ Aa ; a le Pe ~ ee 2 7s iD a 7 ie ee ea aie ii a ek iis a sar ee Oe “re sate SD Avera re - . pio ay - as oie aM. ° fe al 1 ae fame “ee rn il igsiee i, a & J - oo so Fi 4 4 " n . 7 777 Sats mathe ete a ge Cn be wv : ar ¢ : “le oes Beal va fa Teeth “ ares eran +s |, 14 at ey; eee) + ate a 9 woe Be tofis ce iirowe Ab 0 halle MD Be dua? Le on = om 6 oy ad etl ee ee ce alpacas eee i i oe - 7 ee ions + = i 7 7 otter eis st a4 baie o.4 a: Bare rer MN _ igh oa A we Pays io i. eed, ae Ly > ne fF, tare: Yi ws — joa re wl ote pe nage ¢ 2 Mia. phils, am fi 1) Ue 7 ‘ ae aa me Sawn i a onal et ain dostfie dea : rays we aan paven§ fe a i hus iY oe “ y Sen io @ ioe) wee bs rt fe we le = at, = a *, ay es, ee a vier Page Ft, habe, > yh elie th arene ae ie : te _ Raye 2 Paes. ¢.4 ul 7 ” 7 "tthe y. A ae |: a5 a ; a a if ond _— rie Taare ea ae 7 cael: Aig) : nA : a > , aT - we” eh y\ ae As vs a oh hi cine i oa , Cyprea Ful. CYPRAMA.—Prate 1. are perfectly unique ; it seems curious that Nature should not have exercised her accustomed prodigality in the per- petuation of these species, for instead of being the solitary living witnesses of an extinct period of the world’s history whose fauna only remains to us in a fossil state, they are a new creation, framed with an exuberance of character They are both in the finest possible condition, and may certainly be re- gardedas the most valuable shells yet discovered. The next in value are the C. Broderipit and guttata ; of the former, three specimens are known, two of which are in this country; of the latter, five, of which we possess four. Of distinguished rarities of smaller size may be mentioned C. Cumingii, Saulie, xanthodon, similis, contaminata and teres, all in our collections. There is little to be said on the geographical distribution of the Cowries except that they are strictly tropical. Only one or two very small grooved species are found on our own coast, and none larger than the C. /wvida in the Medi- terranean. The C. Scoldii may be quoted as a fine exam- ple of the New Holland region, and the C. awrora, which is now a shell of frequent occurrence, of the Pacific. The C. pantherina is brought in extraordinary abundance from the Red Sea, but the great portion of the species are from Mauritius, Ceylon, and other parts of the eastern world. The genus Cyprea has been so fully and ably investigated by Mr. Gray and Mr. Sowerby, that scarcely a species is to be found which has not already been described and figured ; I have only, therefore, in the absence of any novelty in kind, to contribute such observations as may appear to be worthy of recording. quite unapproached by any other species. Species 1. (Fig. a Mus. Saul. and 4. Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma Mavrirtana. Cypr. tesld subovatd, crassissind, dorso gibboso-elevato, lateribus angulatis, basi concavo- planulatd, apertura valde sinuosd, dentibus prominulis; basi lateribusque nigricante-fuscis, dorso fulvo-fusco, subfasciato, reticuld irregulari nigricante-fuscé super- tecto, columella albicante. Tue Mauritius Cowry. Shell subovate, very thick, back elevated into a kind of hump, sides angulated, base concavely flattened, aperture very sinuous, teeth rather prominent; base and sides blackish brown, back light fulvous brown, obscurely banded, covered over with a reticulated coating of blackish-brown, columella whitish. Testa junior. (Fig. a.) Pulvo-fusca, maculis luteis flammeolis triangularibus promiscue aut subirregulariter trifasciatim ornatd. Fulvous brown, ornamented with triangular yellowish flame-like spots arranged either promiscuously or in three irregular bands. Testa juvenis. Fulva, fusco fasciatim undata. Yellow, with bands of waved brown. Linnamus. Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176. Hab. Island of Mauritius, Ceylon, &e. The form of this shell is chiefly distinguished by the hump-like elevation of the back, and concavity of the base. Its primitive colouring in the Bulla form is a pale yellow, over which the fulvous brown spreads in bands of waves; in an intermediate state the waves become agglomerated, and leave the yellow in triangular flame-like spots; and when the teeth are fully developed, the sides become thickened with a rich dark blackish-brown coating which is thinly spread over the dorsal surface, opening into irre- gular reticulations just as if its flow had been disturbed by the intermixture of some oily liquid. Such a variation of colour as is exhibited in this shell at different stages of growth, has naturally given rise to many errors among early writers which it is scarcely neces- sary to enumerate. Gmelin describes it in its earliest state as a Bulla, (Bulla eyprea,) and in its intermediate state as a species (Cyprea trifasciata,) distinct from the adult. Chemnitz figured a fine example of the middle stage of growth, such as I have represented at fig. a, as “The Queen of Cowries” (Cyprearum regina,) and other names have been introduced of which no notice need be taken. The Cyprea Mauritiana must be a mollusk of great, muscular power, for its shell is truly the heaviest and most solid of the series; the enamel round the sides is deposited with remarkable thickness, and its appearance altogether indicates a considerable degree of energy in the testaceous properties of its inhabitant. Species 2. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma Arapica. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi sub- planulaté, lateribus plus minusve incrassatis; dorso livido-fusco indistincté fasciato, lineis brevibus hiero- glyphicis hic illic interruptis, vacuis orbicularibus for- mantibus, longitudinaliter ornato ; basi albicante, plus minusve rubido-fusco tinctd, lateribus maculis fusco-ni- gricantibus promiscue pictis ; dentibus rubido-fuscis, extremitatibus nigricantibus. Tue Arapic Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, base rather flat- tened, sides more or less thickened ; back livid-brown, indistinctly banded, longitudinally ornamented with short hieroglyphical lines, interrupted here and there so as to form round vacant areas, base whitish ; more CYPRAM#A.—Piate 1. or less tinged with reddish brown, sides promis- cuously painted with brownish black spots, teeth reddish brown, extremities blackish. Testa junior. Livido-cerulescens, fusco undato-fasciata. Livid-blue, banded with brown waves. Variety Cyprea eglantina Duclos. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173. Hab. Kastern Seas. The Cyprea Arabica is well distinguished by the lines of hieroglyphical character which cross the dorsal surface from one extremity to the other, leaving a greater or less number of circular vacancies showing the under coating ; the sides are ornamented with a number of promiscuous blackish spots, some of which are often partially obscured by the overflowing of the brown-tinged milky enamel of the base. The young of this species appears to have been described by Linnzeus in different states under the names of Cypree fragilis and amethystea ; and an oblong livid-green variety in which the Arabic lines are fine and rather close-set has been named by Duclos Cyprea eglantina. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) CypR#A RETICULATA. Cypr. testd ovatd, lateribus dorso- que gibbosis, lateribus valdé incrassatis ; dorso livido- cerulescente, fuscescente obscure fasciato, reticuld consummata fusca undique picto; basi lacted, maculis purpureo-nigricantibus promiscue et creberrime picta ; dentibus nigricante-fuscis. THE RETICULATED Cowry. Shell ovate, sides and back gibbous, sides very much thickened; back livid-blue, obscurely banded with very pale brown, and painted throughout with elaborate net-work; base milky white, promiscuously and very closely painted with purple-black spots ; teeth blackish brown. Martyn, Universal Conchology, pl. 15. Cyprea histrio, Gmelin, Lamarck. Cyprea arlequina, Chemnitz. Cyprea Arabica var., Gray. Hab. Kastern Seas. I quite agree with Lamarck in the propriety of distin- guishing this shell from the Cyprea Arabica ; it is true they run very closely into each other, but we must judge of their typical difference. The Cyprea Arabica is of an oblong form, marked with lines of hieroglyphical character running from one extremity to the other, but interrupted in such a manner here and there as to leave an irregular display of vacancies showing the under layer of colouring matter. In the Cyprea reticulata the under layer of colouring matter is much more exposed, the dorsal surface having merely a fine net-work thrown over it, the vacan- cies In which are clear and definite. This peculiarity of pattern in the Cowries has not been correctly repre- sented by the term “spots”; it is only a deposite of colouring matter such as characterizes the Cyprea tigris, and the sides of these shells,,that can be termed spots. These spot-like appearances are merely that visible portion of the under layer of colouring matter which the light fabric of the adult does not affect. wy SEPA Da tare os ai — a, fy e —— mae i H/ ig MSP tay | >: bad ¢| yf ~ a maid oa: ae am i Fi Sac At ioe ws yp lly ae - i wd P ~~ wl a ey Phil ri i‘ a ad 7 der te! ~“ " i i 7 . 7 ak z rl : : = 7 7 1 : oe a ‘he i ie on wah ibe’ ii 7 eos ved we Ne - 7 wa it =e an ey 2 & 5 ” “i ef a - “ en hone oa rf an t de weil! Aire aa UY pi —— oe Lal 7 ar wT = a 7 : SaaS @ Thins 7 7 > 7 i or rey a" ion the ‘i tne fine ny OS li aed maa Ot ie ip 7 ) “a ai : « . * site ee = vb yb & en ao a. ’ ae a a - a > omaiatae ~ 7a a! ro ae on — 7 é wh ws. shaporl i a os . -_ a - ER i : - a -% penne ire se Peja ty, ia inadae ace a oe ae ea fe — {4 o > : | om ‘ 7) on 7 : ® ji q a a _ ee ee - : et oe vi eal a on PO's emis 4 ae _ aa we lee a Hil s 76: hes errs: © ee ea Pa : “ "4 : J) 7 = . ae " = oy ry - salen sallt sais — Bre ar i a a s" ay : i aay oft gag - peg AY ox! =i palmetto +) a | een ae (oe me. 6 aaa m9 ye . & : * ; a oe, 7 2. - ? pie ee aa mt eri. ee Pee 7 ae {—e ‘ ods leas Tala ai i» +. Vind A hi we i ee i a iu oy a uae . _ e. hy > 7 o sf ~~ a \ ; ; ’ - oe Pah o i i] ¥ a ae are ann ye Z \ D1) eee an ae aw = fe 7 7 : i u a D fa _ . Sei mn, -_ te : 7 thi me : a : ] ui ae #4 7 _ 5 Dts ‘ \ - 1 =) J Aue ? 7 ‘ = - a uty oer ae i (ie Wie a a2 Hs ny «as 4 yt foe a a yy ' oy i : rk. aa ’ 1 a hf a Te ae i a ty 2a 7 o W = Pees ee 7 : 7 2) ne " i VY a no av 5 Ay ee ech 1uPte Tai ) i 7 yy 7 uf L a ' vn! ( 1 : - i ay Poy es y Age = £ J a" \ i ae ry, - an . ae uy i n .@ iO ‘. if . hs ah ida a if “i ne) 7 : ha © @o¢e 2 in be ws, ‘tT +. ae | ee aa ‘Sri! re . ! Ss : fs a yg a aad i> = ae xvi i >)? 18a ay, e “Ce omy | a : 1: = é 7 ¢ i Le Y eee 7 a ore Y | J a +a - a ° | a, Oe ie sy ave a : 7 “er. _ 4 - a is i Peary van 4" Pe —- | wig i ® ee 5 ’ ~ «ai A) ow A y red “Si iy # : : : i+ _ nee? val . “Jneeue. a : ei +k : : on! BAA : ‘ * eg ; 1) Ae oe "i > Sin - oef ee if pea . v - : iT ee ae a uth, hy PE uc ef yi) f ; q one" ; oan “ : 7 ilies " th fA : - n a - ' . r 4 oe ] A 7 es . 2 eS ie us oa ; 1 ie a > w) 2 : » a ana 7 an Aw Tos a 7 Be 7 : CT - : | 7 7 st a AD a a un FF - i aie Lob ; ; pr h iy y Wy, i ai 7 i : a am 7 t nage vo Oe + 9 a) Sn ea : _ i , y D ‘ : i ies > 7, - at 7 aa) ' a ee 7 . 7 \* : 7 ‘ ; 7 7 7 fa i ; ni) ow a -— 7. . - 0 : = : iA a a ' i 7 “oe a 7 ; Fz { my : we = a yy i > is i} a fale! , i © va : : i y a 7 eo “ 7 1 ; J ~ eh ee si) oe : ; ng oe De a by 7 tor [ "a i . a aie fe - ; x an ) ae 7 Dix 4 fl : 7 7" 7 a" 1, = ay _ é j a Ai ae if My : : o - ee : “, i a i as Fi ‘ - > . : A : wre iw 7 al 7 oy iy WA) - : a iJ a © | 4s Meee ey 1o Oe 7 ‘ : a - -* res — - 7 iq 4s ite ms ep Vo. q > oe a : 1 : , / co ie Se hoe Bi 26 _ i. in ® | ay.) oa Ree iy vgn a 7 r . > ey : ae > i = —— ee - se) a Li ‘. - i? . = awd ae ie: mee, a a | i ; - - eyen : . oe , Haj” is! do’ Wn : 7s ‘a! aw? | A ie 7 aay + eer ak i 7 wy s 7 Ty ¥ - co. ‘ea : » 7 nll) Vc: . ‘ — > " 7 » * : a a o a in | A - [ ive mn 7 wh : Ty i" " ‘a a pu! : ee a = ood ae ao amr .O i 1 on 7 Aa ee Vinee a °C 4 a ¥ . eee Pricer. ee or Di)! vy od a 1 @ “a Pv ‘ai @ 7 he ee at Pa 1) ; on —_ - of » 7 ‘ ‘eo 7 oy ek TT a ati a0 TO " } ae ‘i 7 = & a4 Sch ‘ . 9 es F a4 i 7 ¥ rue a 7 , Oe J jan ~ 7 Fides oi ee ne , i, : ih - a io, 8 ‘i a se 7 va ” 8 paw |S yao! Toe a i) ; ra a ra 7) w =, : ra a 4 - re nih ’ — - mi ve ‘¢ 6 | ae woe 7 a i io: oe vfs iv fe = \ he AA vane ataee iy) H —_ i 7 a ay ail ai : 7 - ” pe —— ‘aed hes Ds 4 Ts Py aril a, iy 7 . wy Pras iy bes z hia fain ay 2 a en a? am — iho iia a iA we Fi : > - ma 7 4q Ju! a yy ai: es , : i 7h le ; y > ol 7 7 reer Mar Y. o., | a ce n , wat : = yl) 0 : sul ry av, 7 1 Ul —“— +) re, 8 , ih — se Cypreea. [CML CYPRAA. Prate II. Species 7. (Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA PANTHERINA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovata, ventricosiusculd, extremitatibus subattenuatis, apertura antice paululum hiante, dentibus parviusculis, preci- pue columellaribus ; albidé, flavo rufove inquinatd, dorso guttis nigricante-fuscis, interdum coeruleo-nebulatis aut intense castaneis, profuse picto, lined dorsali ferrugineo- rufa, lateribus sepe rufo aut violaceo tinctis. THE PANTHER Cowry. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, rather ventricose, extremities slightly attenuated, aper- ture a littly gaping at the anterior end, teeth rather small, especially the columellar; whitish, besmeared with red and yellow, back profusely painted with intensely chesnut or blackish-brown spots, sometimes clouded with blue, dorsal line rusty red, sides often tinged with red or violet. Testa junior. Testa junior cinereo-viridescens, fulvo rufoque nebulata, Younger shell ashy green, mottled with red and yellow. SoranpER, Dillwyn, Cat. of Shells, v. 1. p. 449. Cypree guttata and tigrina, Lamarck. Monstrosity. Cyprea umbilicata, Sowerby. Hab. Red Sea. This shell, which has been received in extraordinary abundance from the Red Sea, varies in colour from a pale sickly white to a very deep chesnut red, profusely adorned with small blackish-brown spots clouded with blue. The shell, described and figured by Mr. Sowerby in the Tankerville Catalogue, under thename of Cyprea umbilicata, has been subsequently acknowledged a monstrosity. The name éigrina, given to this species by Lamarck, would certainly have been adopted had it not been pre- viously used, though erroneously, by Gmelin. The names given to shells by Dr. Solander are of no authority unless adopted and printed by any subsequent naturalist ; although they appear in a manuscript to which all the world may have access, yet, they have never been strictly published. Species 8. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprxa Arcus. Cypr. testé ovato-oblongd, subcylindraced, medio leviter contractd, aperturaé subangustd, dentibus mediocris, numerosis ; lacteo-fuscescente, dorso trifas- ciato, fasciis latis, diametrorum variorum annulis defor- mibus fulvo-fuscescentibus, plus minusve numerosis, quo- rum nonnullis impletis, promiscue picto, basi maculis quaternis nigricante-castaneis ornatd, quarum duabus columellaribus multd majoribus ; dentibus fusco-mar- ginatis. Tue Areus Cowry. Shell ovately oblong, somewhat cylindrical, slightly contracted in the middle, aperture rather narrow, teeth middling, numerous ; pale milky brown, back three-banded, bands broad, promiscu- ously painted with a greater or less number of mis- shapen fulvous brown rings of different diameters, some of which are filled in, base ornamented with four large blackish chesnut spots, two on each side the aperture, of which the columellar are much the larger ; teeth edged with brown. Testa juvenis. Testa juvenis fulvescente-fusca, fasciis plurimis angustis, ma- culis castaneis perpaucis irregularibus interruptis, cin- gulata. Young shell pale fulvous brown, encircled with several narrow bands, interrupted with a very few irregular chesnut blotches. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173. Hab. Ceylon, Xe. It is difficult to conceive from what peculiar modifica- tion of the mantle, this shell receives its curious deposite They are of very irregular size, and much more numerous in some specimens than in others, one here and there being filled up with colour. Ihave two or three very young examples of this species in the Bulla form collected by Mr. Cuming, but never remember to have seen’ it in the stage of growth, before the rings are diffused. The Cyprea Argus is well named after the hundred-eyed Avestorides, although its imaginary eyes vary in different specimens from one to at least five hundred in number. of rings. Species 9. (Fig. a. Mus. Saul, Fig. 6. Mus. Cuming.) CypR#HA TESTUDINARIA. Cypr. testa elongato-ovatd, sub- cylindraced, crassa, extremitatem versus utrinque declivi- bus, apertura angustd, dentibus parviusculis, numerosis ; lacteo-fuscescente, dorso fulvo castaneoque nebulato et maculato, punctulis albis furfuraceis profuse adsperso, basi incarnato-fusca. November 1845. CYPRAH#A.—Prate III. THE TORTOISE-SHELL Cowry. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat cylindrical, thick, inclining steeply down each side towards the extremity, aperture narrow, teeth rather small, numerous; milky brown, back clouded and spotted with fulvous and chesnut brown, and profusely sprinkled with minute white scurf-like dots, base flesh-tinged brown. Testa junior. Testa junior lacieo-fusca uniusmodi obscure fasciata, fasciis circa columellam maculis castaners irreqularibus inter- ruptis. Young shell uniform pale milky brown, obscurely banded, bands interrupted about the columella with irregu- lar chesnut blotches. Linnzvs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173. Hab. Mauritius. This is certainly a most characteristic species, unlike any other of the genus both in form and colouring, which latter, as its name implies, is of a rich tortoise-shell pat- The chief peculiarity of the shell consists in its be- ing sprinkled with a fine seurf of promiscuous white specks, which may be observed to be imbedded at different depths in the enamel ; and it is only in the last coating of enamel that this scurf oceurs. Tn the young shell there are several bands of interrupted chesnut-brown blotches, very irregular in size, and more or less obscure in appearance; they begin to change as the second stage of growth is proceediug, and entirely dis- appears during the progress of the third. tern. Cyprea. Fl. IV. Reeve, imp 126 CYPRAA. Puate IV. Species 10. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma Scorrir. Cypr. testd oblongo-naviformi, extremi- tatibus contractis et erecto-recurvis, apertura angustd, sinuatd, dentibus parvis, numerosis, interioribus plus minusve obsoletis, exterioribus, quorum nonnullis medi- anis bipartitis, brevibus ; dorso cinereo-ceerulescente, flavescente-fusco promiscue maculato et nebulato, bast lateribusque piceo-fuscis. Scorr’s Cowry. Shell oblong-boat-shaped, extremities contracted and erectly recurved, aperture narrow, sinu- ated, teeth small, numerous, the inner more or less obsolete, the outer, some of the middle of which are bipartite, short ; back pale ashy blue, promiscuously blotched and clouded with yellowish brown, base and sides dark pitchy brown. Variety 8. Testa brevior, dorso gibboso-elevato, maculis omnind nebula- tis; dentibus exterioribus basem super transcurrentibus. Shell shorter, back gibbously elevated, with the spots wholly clouded into each other; outer teeth running across the base. Testa junior. Testa junior cceruleo-lactea, obscure fasciata, maculis flaves- cente-fuscis hic illic ornata, columelle basi albicante. Younger shell blueish milky colour, obscurely banded, or- namented here and there with pale yellowish-brown blotches; base of the columella whitish. Testa juvenis. Testa juvenis uniusmodi lacteo-aurantia, columella basi nived. ‘Young shell uniform milky orange colour, base of the co- lumella snowy white. BropertrP, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 330. pl. 14. f. 1. and 2. Cypraa Friendii, Gray. Hab. Swan River, New Holland. Variety 8. Port Lincoln, New Holland. This very striking species was introduced about fourteen years since, by Mr. Broderip, in the Zoological Journal, from two eroded specimens, brought by the Rey. Arch- deacon Scott, from Angia, in the Island of Java. Since then, several examples in the finest possible condition have been received from Swan River, New Holland, with a very characteristic variety from Port Lincoln of the same conti- tinent ; and I am now enabled to give an amended de- scription of it in different states of growth. The shell in its first Bulla, or rather Cymba, form, is of an uniform pure clear milky orange colour, it then assumes a blueish tinge disposed in obscure bands, and begins to show a few bright tortoise-shell brown blotches, which rapidly accu- mulate, as exhibited in the adult, long before there is any indication of teeth. This is an arrangement different to that of most Cowries, in which the teeth are chiefly de- veloped before the last layer of colouring matter is depo- sited. The sides and base then become thickened with an extremely rich pitchy brown coating of enamel, and the extremities compressed and turned upwards. The variety from Port Lincoln differs most conspicuously both in form and colour; it is much shorter, the back is swollen and elevated almost into a hump, the extremities are blunted, and the outer teeth, which in the Swan River variety are scarcely more than marginal, extend across the base, especially the anterior portion, in grooved prominent ridges. The inner teeth of this species are very obscure ; indeed, the columella is mostly edentulate. The young of this species and several others will be fi- cured together at the close of the monograph. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma aurantium. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatd, ventri- cosa, immaculatd, dorso dentibus interstitiisque vivide aurantiis, basi lateribus et extremitatibus lacteis. Tur oraNGe Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose, unspotted, back, teeth, and interstices bright orange, base, sides, and extremities milk-white. Testa junior. Testa junior columella vivide aurantid. Younger shell with the columella bright orange. Martyn, Universal Conchology, vol. 2. f. 59. TL’ Orange, Favame. Cyprea aurora, Solander, MSS. Chemnitz. Hab, Taheite, Pacific Islands. The history of ‘this rare and beautiful species has been so often described, that it only remains to call attention to an interesting example in the British Museum, not quite November 1845. CYPRMA.—Ptate IV. arrived at maturity, in which the columella is of the same rich orange as the back, prior to the layer of white ena- mel being deposited. Species 12. Fig. a. and 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypra TIGRIS. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, basi plano- concavd, dentibus majusculis ; dorso albido aut flaves- cente, guttis nigricantibus majusculis, ceeruleo nebulatis, promiscue picto, basi nived, immaculata. Tue TrIGpR Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose, base flatly concave, teeth rather large ; back whitish or yellow- ‘ish, promiscuously painted with rather large blackish blue-clouded spots ; base snowy white, unspotted. Testa junior. Testa junior albida, flammis ferrugineis undatis subdistanti- bus ornata. Younger shell whitish, ornamented with rather distant zigzag rusty brown flames. Testa juvenis. Testa juvenis uniusmodi castanea, albido-flavicante interdum interrupta et fasciata. Young shell uniform chesnut, sometimes interrupted and banded with pale yellow. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176. Hab, EKastern Seas. Testa junior, Cyprea flammea, Gmelin. The progress of this shell exhibits a curious variety in the style of colouring :—first, it is a uniform chesnut bay, the colour then breaks up, as it were, into bands of close- set waved blotches of a richer hue, a coating of white is then superimposed, and upon that is deposited a series of rather distant zigzag flames, such as are represented at The rich colourmg of the first state is now, there- fore, concealed, and nothing is seen but a few zigzag fig. a. flames upon a white ground ; the teeth are forming in the mean time, and a few spots of colour make their appear- ance round the outer side. In the next state of the shell, a second layer of white enamel is superimposed, a thinner and more delicate stratum than the preceding, through which the zigzag flames may be seen of a milky hue; and, upon this surface a number of dark spots are deposited. These are again overspread by a third white coating, in- termixed with numerous rich black and brown spots, show- ing, for the first time, a narrow dorsal hiatus, mostly edged with reddish brown with the first deposite of dark spots, thus overspread, of a blueish milky hue. I cannot resist inserting the following interesting obser- vations on the habits of this species by Mr. Broderip. “Mr. Samuel Stutchbury, who had an opportunity of examining many individuals of C. ¢igris at the Pearl Is- lands, informed me that these cowries lived there in very shallow water, and always under rolled masses of Madre- pore. ‘They never were to be seen exposed to the sun’s rays. On lifting one of these masses, a Tiger Cowry was generally observed with its shell entirely covered by the large mantle which was mottled with dark colours, the in- tensity of which the animal seemed to have the power of changing ; for the colour varied in the same light and in the same medium, after the manner of the spots on the Cephalopodous Mollusca, or, to use a more familiar in- stance, somewhat in the same way that the hues of a turkey-cock’s wattle vary. On touching the mantle, it was immediately withdrawn within the shell, which became exposed in all its briliancy. So firmly did the soft parts adhere to the shell, that, in no instance, (and the experi- ment was often made) did Mr. Stutchbury succeed in ex- tracting them by force, either during life, or before decom- position took place. He was obliged to let the animal die, and suffer the soft parts to decay, in order to remove them.’ —Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 163. Cypraa. IL). CYPRAA. Puate V. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#a Broperipit. Cypr. testa ovata, ventricosd, eras- siusculd, dentibus numerosis, conspicuis, columellaribus longiusculis, regularibus ; dorso roseo et flavido-albicante obscure fasciato, reticuld irregulari aurantio-fuscescente maculisque niveis latera versus ornato, lateribus et ex- tremitatibus fuscescentibus, basi fuscescente, roseo-au- rantio tincté ; dentibus albidis. Bropertie’s Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose, rather thick, teeth numerous, rather long and regular; back ob- seurely banded with yellowish white and rose-pink, and ornamented with a pale orange-brown net-work, with snow-white spots towards the sides, sides and extremities drab-brown, base of the same colour tinged with a warm glow of rose-orange ; teeth white. Gray, Descriptive Catalogue (inedit). Sowerby, Conchological Hlustrations, Cat. Cypreade, no. 20. f. 2. Hab. Island of Madagascar (found on the reefs); Rev. W. V. Hennah. Of this beautiful and very characteristic species only three specimens have yet been discovered, two, now be- fore me, from the collections of Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul, and one in some private collection, I believe, in the United States. Although it partakes in some measure, of the characters of the Cypree vitellus and nivosa, it is perfectly distinguished from both by its fine columellar teeth, delicate rose-pink and rose-orange colouring, and superincumbent deposite of brown net-work. As in most highly enamelled Cowries the base is radiated with fine hair-like scratches. It is a beautiful species, and honours the name of a gen- tleman highly esteemed in the conchological world, and to whose princely zeal our national collection is indebted for the great treasures of the genus. Species 14. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA VITELLUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, crassa, anticé leviter attenuatd, dentibus fortiusculis, dorso fulvo-spadiceo, guttis niveisvarie magnitudinis adsperso, lateribus olivaceo-fuscis, arenaceis, striatis ; basi, ex- tremitatibus, dentibus, interstitiisque roseo-albicantibus, THE LITTLE CALF Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose, thick, anteriorly slightly attenuated, teeth rather strong, back fulvous bay colour, sprinkled with snow- white spots of various sizes, sides olive-brown, arena- ceous, striated ; base, extremities, teeth, and the in- terstices between them pinkish white. Testa junior. Testa junior olivaceo-cinerea, obscure fasciata, immaculata. Younger shell olive-ash colour, obscurely banded, unspotted. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176. Hab. Eastern Seas. This species is strongly characterized by the curious sand-like strize with which the sides are coloured, and the miniature firmament of spots, of different degrees of mag- nitude, which adorn the whole of the dorsal surface. Whether Linneeus named this shell from vitellus, a lit- tle calf, or vitedlus, the yolk of an egg, I am unable to de- termine, for it resembles one as much as the other. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRMA STERCORARIA. Cypr. testd ovata, subventricosd, anticé contracta, lateribus angulatis, basi concavo-de- pressd, apertura sinuosd, anticé hiante, columelle con- cavitate anticd ampli, profunda ; undique livido-oliva- cei, dorso castaneo-fusco maculato et nebulato ; denti- bus albidis. Tue soiLepD Cowry. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, con- tracted anteriorly, sides angulated, base concavely depressed, aperture sinuous, gaping anteriorly, ante- rior concavity of the columella large, deep ; livid olive colour throughout, back spotted and clouded with chesnut brown, teeth whitish. Testa junior. Testa junior cinereo-fusca, fasciis olivaceo-fuscis quinis se- nisve picta, immaculata. Younger shell ashy brown, painted with five or six olive brown bands, unspotted. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176. Cypree stercoraria and rattus, Lamarck. Cypree olivacea, gibba, and conspurcata, Gmelin. Testa antiquata, Cyprea cauteriata, Chemnitz. Testa junior, Cyprea fasciata, Chemnitz, November 1845. CYPRMHA.—Puate V. Hab. Persian Gulf; coast of Africa. The sinuous character of the aperture, and the anterior concavity of the columella are curiously exaggerated in this species; its uniform olivaceous cast of colour is also pecu- liar. The younger shell has a kind of hump-like elevation on the back, and is of an ashy or greyish brown with five olive bands upon, and anterior to, the dorsal elevation, and one of more indistinct character round the spire. Species 16. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA EXANTHEMA. Oypr. testd elongato-ovatd, crassi- usculd, extremitatibus subtruncatis, dorso fulvo-fusco, maculis albidis rotundis, quarum nonnullis, precipue ad latera, ocellatis, ornato; basi pallidé fulvd, dentibus castaneo-fuscis. THE MEASLED Cowry. Shell elongately ovate, rather thick, extremities slightly truncated, back fulvous brown, ornamented with round white spots, some of which, especially at the sides, are ocellated, base pale fulvous, teeth chesnut brown. Testa junior. Testa junior fasciis ceeruleo-plumbeis ornata. Younger shell ornamented with blueish lead colour. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1172. Testa Junior, Cyprea zebra, Linneus. Hab. West Indies; on the reefs. The chief peculiarities of distinction between this and the Cyprea cervus, are its more elongated form, solid and heavier growth, more contracted aperture and, ocellated character of the spots. Cyprea. [0 Ve Sowerby del et hth CYPRAA. Prats VI. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPREA MELANOSTOMA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, ex- tremitatibus prominentibus, utrinquesubfoveolatis ; dorso ceeruleo-aut cinereo-fasciato, floccis niveis elevatiusculis adsperso, extremitatibus basique lacteis, dentum colu- mellarium interstitiis purpureo-nigricantibus. THE BLACK-MouTH Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi- ties prominent, indented on both sides ; back blueish or ashy brown, very faintly banded, sprinkled with slightly elevated snow-like flakes, base and extremi- ties milk-white, interstices of the columellar teeth purple-black. Leatuts, MSS. Sowerby, Tankerville Cat. App. p. xxxi. and Zool. Journal, vol. 2. p. 495. pl. 18. f. 3. and 4. Cypreacameleopardalis, Gray ; (Perry haudrecognitus). Hab. Red Sea. It is not easy to conceive any two shells with such an apparent resemblance as the Cypree melanostoma, and vitellus, capable of differing more essentially on examina- tion. In the former, the extremities are prominently up-turned, the white flakes are of a blueish enamel-like tinge and slightly raised, the interstices between the colu- mellar teeth stained with purple-black, and there is no in- dication of those peculiar lateral sand-lines which consti- tute so striking a peculiarity in the latter. The younger shell of the C. melanostoma differs from the adult in being unspotted, in the base and extremities not being thickened, and in the absence of the purple-black colouring of the columellar grooves. Since Mr. Sowerby described this species in the Tan- kerville Catalogue, under Mr. Leathes’ manuscript name of Cyprea melanostoma, it has been published by one or two authors under that of Cyprea cameleopardalis, from its having been thus originally named by one Mr. Perry ; the writings of this person have, however, been censured a mass of buffoonery wholly unworthy of credit. So much has been already said on this subject by Mr. Sowerby, (Zoological Journal vol. iv. p. 218.) that it only remains to state how fully I concur in the opinion there recorded. If every charlatan who sets himself up for a naturalist, with brush in one hand, and writing-tool in the other, is to be regarded as an authority on scientific matters ; all the zoo- logical sign-boards in the kingdom might be quoted as figures of reference. For my own part, I consider that the ““Cameleopard of Perry” should no more enter the nomen- clature of zoology, than the “ Red Lion of Brentford.” Species 18. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassa, extre- mitatibus subobtusis, declivibus, dentibus numerosis, columellaribus hic illic bifurcatis, dorso pallid? violaceo- Suscescente, lineis rubido-fuscis hieroglyphicis longitu- CYPRHA MAPPA. dinalibus confertis consummate picto ; hiatu dorsali an- gusto, peculiariter ramoso, lateribus violaceo-fusco gut- tatis, basi violascente, maculd grandi violaceo-fuscé sinistrorsum ornatd ; dentibus vivide crocato-rubris. THE Map Cowry. rather obtuse, inclined downwards, teeth numerous, the columellar teeth here and there bifurcated, back violet brown, elaborately painted with close-set red- dish brown lines of hieroglyphical character; dorsal opening narrow, peculiarly branched, sides dotted with violet brown, base tinged with violet, ornamented with a large violet brown blotch on the left side ; teeth bright saffron-red. Variety p. Testa brevior, gibbosiuscula, eatremitatibus basique sangui- Shell oblong-ovate, thick, extremities neo-tinctis, basi immaculatd, dentibus pallide incarnatis. Shell shorter, more gibbous, extremities and base blood- red tinged, base unspotted, teeth pale flesh-colour. Testa junior. Testa junior violaceo-fuscescens, pallide nebulata, lineis fulvo- Suscescentibus hieroglyphicis ad latus sinistrorsum picta, Younger shell clouded or mottled with pale violet brown, and painted on the left side with fulvous-brown hie- roglyhical lines. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173. Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; ’. ~ ~ Cuming. There is a peculiarity in the progressive arrangement of the colouring matter of this species which I believe has not been hitherto noticed; namely, that there are two layers of ornamental pattern, one over the other. The ornamental character with which the dorsal surface of the Cowries is mostly painted, appears to be the last effort in the formation of the shell. The previous infu- sions of colour rarely exhibit anything more than a dull confusion of waves, clouds, or bands; no ornamental device appears until the shell is on the eve of maturity ;—the beauty of the architecture is reserved for the final decora- tion of the building. In the Cyprea mappa, we have an exception to this order of arrangement; a layer of pale hieroglyphical painting, greatly resembling, except in co- lour, thatof the Cyprea Arabica, is deposited by the animal on the left side chiefly, while yet in a very immature state of growth, and on arriving at maturity, another and richer layer is superimposed upon the former, which in most specimens may be faintly seen beneath it. The two varieties of this species above noted are very distinct, especially in regard to colour; one has a violet base, bright saffron-red teeth, and a large dark blotch upon the left base; the other is of a warm hue with blood- red tinged base and extremities, no spot, and teeth of November 1845. CYPRMHA.—Prate VI. fuint flesh-colour. The curious ramifications of the dorsal line indicate corresponding jagged edges to the lobes of the mantle. Species 19. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA CARNEOLA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassa, ex- tremitatibus subobtusis, dorso carneolo, fasctis quaternis quinisve saturatioribus ornato, basi lateribusque pallide fulvis, lateribus plus minusve arenaceis, dentibus inter- stitiisque vivide violaceis. THE CARNELION Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, ex- tremities rather obtuse, back pale flesh-colour, orna- mented with four or five bands of a deeper flesh tint, base and sides pale fulvous, sides more or less arena- ceous, teeth and interstices deep violet. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1174. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean, (on the reefs) ; Cuming. This species is, perhaps, more variable in size than any other of the genus; there is no change of colour on the dorsal surface throughout its entire growth, but the are- naceous deposite round the sides, and the bright violet colouring of the teeth, both of which peculiarities are ex- tremely characteristic, do not appear until the shell arrives at maturity. Species 20. (Mus. Brit.) CypR@A PRINCEPS. Cypr. testa orbiculato-ovatd, tenui- culd, ventricosissimd, dorso valdé elevato, utrinque de- clivi; apertura subangustd, sinuosd, dentibus numerosis, extremitatibus subretusis, basi plano-convexd ; dorso luteolo, roseo-purpurascente, basem versus pallidiore, tincto, medio characteribus rha-coloreis undulatis pro- fuse picto, macula grandi saturatiore, characteribus perpaucis hieroglyphicis, utringue nebulato ; extremita- tibus lineis fuscis tribus irregularibus, quarum mediana fortissind, concentrice ornatis, extremitate posticd striis concentricis plurimis fuscescentibus subtilibus supra spire apicem occultam ; lined dorsali subcentrali, recta, lateribus guttis ceeruleis et fuscis ornatis, quarum non- nullis fortibus distinctis, nonnullis nebulatis indistinctis ; dentibus niveis, per columellam pallidé rufo-fuscescenti- bus. Tae Prince Cowry. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather thin, extremely ventricose, back considerably elevated, steep on each side, aperture rather narrow, sinuous, teeth numerous, extremities rather blunt, base flatly con- vex; back yellowish, tinged with rose-purple, fainter towards the base, profusely painted in the middle with waved rhubarb-colour characters, clouded on each side with a squarish spot of darker colow on which there are afew dark hierogh hical characters ; extremities concentrically adorned with three irregu- lar brown lines, of which the middle is the strongest, the posterior extremity having several finer light brown concentric striz beyond the concealed spire ; dorsal line straight, nearly central; sides ornamented with blue and brown spots of which some are strong and distinct, some clouded and indistinct; teeth snowy white, pale reddish brown across the colu- mella. Gray, Zoological Journal. vol. 1. p. 75. Cyprea Valentia, Perry (haud recognitus). Hab. Persian Gulf. Having already spoken of the exceeding value and rarity of this remarkable shell, in my introductory observations to the genus, it only remains to add a more detailed his- tory of its specific character. The Cyprea princeps presents an association of character of which we find no approximation in any other species. It is of a rather light thinnish structure, swelling out on both sides with peculiar rotundity and rising in the mid- dle to a lofty obtuse hump forming a steep incline ante- riorly and posteriorly to the extremities. (I now regret not having decided upon a lateral view of this shell ; as it is impossible to convey an accurate notion of this dorsal hump-like elevation by its position in the accompanying figure, which was selected in order to obtain a more cor- rect representation of its makings than has hitherto ap- peared.) The general tone of colour is a pale yellow at the top, changing into a purple-pink wash at the sides, and thence into white at the base. The middle is painted with a close-set profusion of small waved rhubarb-yellow characters, with a central straight dorsal line, and a large rhomboidal dark clouded blotch on each side the dorsal acclivity, the left of which is the more diffused. Both of these blotches are painted with strong hieroglyphical marks of a very decided character. Around the extremities are three irregular concentric brown lines a little raised, or ap- parently so, the middle of which is the strongest ; and on the posterior end of the shell are from six to seven con- centric faint brown strize immediately above the three dark lines just spoken of. The teeth are rather small, numerous, and white, except on crossing the columella, where they are reddish-brown. The sides are white, marked with small scattered spots of which the uppermost are brown, partaking of the wpper region of colour, and distinct, whilst those towards the base receive a blue-clouded appearance from the overflowing of the milk-white enamel of the base. The only record we have of this shell’s history is, that it was in ‘“‘ Old Humphrey’s” collection under the name of “The Brindled Cowry of the Persian Gulf,’ and it re- mains in our national collection a curious exception to the favourite axiom of Linneeus,— Natwra non facit saltum.” Cypran Fl VIL Ree ve imp et hth CY PRA A. Piate VII. Species 21. (Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA sPaDIcHa. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, subpyri- formi, anticé attenuata, aperturé angusta, dentibus cras- siusculis, brevibus; dorso spadiceo, latera versus ustu- lato-fusco nebulato, guttis nigricantibus seriatim undato- marginato, lateribus rosaceo-albis, obscurissimé nigro- guttatis, dentibus basique albis. THE CHESNUT-BAY Cowry. Shell ovately oblong, some- what pyriform, attenuated anteriorly, aperture narrow, teeth rather thick, short ; back chesnut-bay, clouded towards the sides with burnt brown, edged with a waved row of confused blackish spots, sides pinkish white, showing very obscure dark spots, teeth and base white. Swarnson, Phil. Mag. vol. lxi. p. 370. Zool. Dlus. pl. 182. Hab. ? This species may be recognised by its peculiar burnt- brown colouring, which looks at first sight as if it had been artificially obtained by the action of acid. It is still one of great rarity, in fine condition, and I have not seen it in any other state than the adult. The dorsal area of burnt- brown clouding is edged on both sides by a row of con- fused blackish spots ; and I am inclined to think, that du- ring the intermediate state of growth the right side is en- tirely tessellated with these spots, regular in size, and neatly equidistant from each other, on a burnt-brown ground; a faint indication of this style of colouring may be seen through the white coating of the sides, which has, in consequence, a dull pinky appearance. Species 22. (Fig. a and 6. Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma Leucostoma. Cypr. testé depresso-ovatd, crassa, basi turgidd, extremitatibus posterioribus incrassatis, sinistra precipue, apertura subangustd, columella eden- tuld, labro externo anticé obsoletissime dentato; dorso cinereo-fusco, macula castaned elongata, lined dorsali pallidé ramosa percurrente, medio picto; lateribus albi- dis, guttis numerosis cinereo-fuscis fulvo-nebulatis pro- Suse aspersis, basi alba. THE WHITE-mMouTH Cowry. Shell depressly subovate, thick, swollen at the base, posterior extremities thickened, especially the left, aperture rather narrow, columella destitute of teeth, outer lip very faintly toothed anteriorly; ashy brown, painted along the middle with an elongated chesnut blotch, through which runs a pale branched dorsal opening; sides whitish, profusely sprinkled with ash-brown fulvous- clouded spots, base white. GaskoIn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. Cyprea mus. var. Sowerby, Conch. Tus. f. 157. Hab. Mocha; Sowerby. The Cyprea leucostoma has been very properly distin- guished, by Mr. Gaskoin, from the Cyprea mus, on ac- count of the following peculiarities. The base is white, the columella is entirely destitute of teeth, and only the faintest indication of teeth is to be found on the outer lip. The sides are more distinctly spotted, and the dorsal line has a peculiar branched character. Out of ten or a dozen examples of this shell which I have seen within the last few days, there is not the slightest modification of any of these features into those of the Cyprea mus. I have not seen the shell in an intermediate state of growth, but the colu- mella mostly exhibits a portion of its colouring at that age ;—a close series of concentric brown festoons upon a yellowish-white ground. Species 23. (Mus. Brit.) CYPREA LEUCODON. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, dorso gibboso, elevato, basi convexd, apertura posticé sinuosd, extremitatibus prominentibus, leviter recurvis, dentibus utringue fortibus, elongatis, insterstitiis profunde sulca- tis ; dorso rufescente aut flavescente-fusco, guttis rotun- dis albidis subamplis hic illic asperso, basi pallidiore, striis subtilissimis transverse notatd ; dentibus eburneis ; hiatu dorsali latiusculo, ad dextrum latus approximante. THE WHITE-TooTtH Cowry. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, back gibbous, elevated, base convex, aperture sinuous posteriorly, extremities prominent, slightly recurved, teeth strong on both sides, elongated, in- terstices deeply grooved; back reddish or yellowish- brown, sprinkled here and there with rather large round white spots, base paler, marked transversely with fine striae, teeth ivory white; dorsal hiatus rather broad, approaching the right side. Broperip, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 163. pl. 6. Hab. B December 1845. CYPRHA.—Puats VII. This is another species of Cowry which our national col- lection can alone boast of possessing. The dorsal surface, of which I have given a more characteristic view than has yet been published, is of a yellowish reddish-brown, sprinkled with rather large round white spots, clouded, two and two, one refracting upon the other, like floating particles of oil. The base is thickly crossed with fine stria- like scratches, and the teeth are developed with remark- able intensity,—an exaggeration, as it were, of those of the The posterior margin of the shell exhibits on the right side a number of wart-like protube- rances ; and there is a pale concentric mark over each ex- tremity. Cyprea sulcidentata. Species 24. (Fig. a. and . Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA MUS. basi plano-depressd, apertura subsinuosd, dentibus bre- vissimis, columellaribus plus minusve obsoletis, medianis precipue, eatremitate posticd dextrd prominente ; dorso interdum verrucis nonnullis postice munito, cinereo-vel olivaceo-fusco marmorato, latera versus precipur, hiatu dorsali pallido, marginibus rufo-fuscescentibus, guttis deformibus aterrimo-fuscis, interdum in vicinid aspersis, Cypr. testé ovatd, lateribus gibbosiusculis, utrinque irregulariter pictis, maculd intensd ad extre- mitatem posticam, basi cinereo-fuscd, dentibus atro-fus- cts, columella ustulato-fusco tincta. THE MovusE Cowry. Shell oval, sides rather gibbous, base rather flatly depressed, aperture a little sinuous, teeth very short, the columellar teeth more or less obsolete, especially the middle, the right posterior extremity obsolete; back sometimes furnished posteriorly with a few wart-like protuberances, olive-brown, marbled, especially towards the side, dorsal hiatus pale, edges faint reddish brown, irregularly painted on both sides with very black-brown variously shaped spots, some- times sprinkled in the vicinity, and an intense blotch of the same colour at the posterior end, base olive ash-brown, teeth black-brown, columella stained with burnt brown. Testa junior. Testa junior ventricosissima, pallide cinereo-fusca, longitudi- naliter peculiariter undata, maculé atro-fuscd supra extremitatem posticam. Younger shell very ventricose, pale ash-brown, longitudi- nally peculiarly waved, with a black brown blotch above the posterior extremity. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176. Hab. ? It will be seen by the foregoing description how mate- rially this shell varies from the Cyprea leucostoma, which might at first sight be easily mistaken for it. The base of” the Cyprea mus is of an olive ash-brown colour without any appearance of spots, there are always afew short teeth in the columella, and the outer teeth are very much more defined; there is also a great peculiarity in the general colouring of the shell which is distributed into waves like a rippled cloud. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma Nivosa. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovaté, crassiusculd, extremitatibus brevibus, subrecurvis, dentibus columella- ribus subtilibus , dorso fulvo-fuscescente, floccis punc- tisque varie magnitudinis promiscue adsperso, dentibus basique lutescente-albis, hiatu dorsali latiusculo, inter- dum confuse ramoso, ad latus dextrum approximante. THE SNOW-FLECKED Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thick, extremities short, a little recurved, columellar teeth fine ; back pale fulvous-brown, promiscuously flecked with snow spots, and specks of various size, teeth and base yellowish white, dorsal hiatus rather wide, sometimes confusedly branched, approximating to the right side. Broperip, Zool. Journal, v. 3. p. 84. pl. 4. f. 1. Cyprea dama, Kiener (Perry haud recognitus.) Hab. iy An excellent species, and admirably figured in the Zoological Jounal. From Cyprea vitellus, with which it might be confounded, it differs by its more oblong form, more irregular and confused assemblage of spots and — specks, and entire absence of arenaceous strie; the colu- mellar teeth are also longer and finer, and the colour a peculiar fulvous bay. From Cyprea melanostoma, which is also destitute of arenaceous strize, it differs materially in form, and the spots, which in that species are raised, are of a totally different colour and character. © (yp l@a Lt Vk. JO Reeve imp i CYPRAA. Species 26. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprza pyruM. Cypr. testé pyriformi-ovatd, postice um- bilicatd, extremitate posticéd dextrii subproductd, denti- bus brevibus, subevilibus ; dorso fulvo-lutescente, ob- scure quadrifasciato, castaneo-fusco copiose marmorato, basi, extremitatibus lateribusque aurantio-rufis, dentibus pallidis, interstitiis subrosaceis, lateribus interdum cas- taneo-fuscis, fusco suturatiore obscure punctatis. Tur pear Cowry. Shell pyriformly ovate, posteriorly wmbilicated, right posterior extremity somewhat pro- duced, teeth short, rather faint ; back fulvous yellow, obscurely four-banded, copiously marbled with rich chesnut brown; base, extremities, and sides deep orange-red, teeth pale, interstices tinged with pink, sides sometimes chesnut brown, obscurely dotted with darker brown. Testa junior. Testa junior lutescens, incarnato-fuscescente quadrifasciata, luteo-fusco subtilissime marmorata, bast lacteo-aurantid. Younger shell yellowish, crossed with four broad flesh- brown bands, very finely marbled with yellowish brown, base milky orange. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. 3411. Cyprea flavescens, Born. Cyprea rufa, Lamarck. Hab. African shores of the Mediterranean. This is the most northern species of Cyprea with such a brilliant display of colouring ; the base and sides are of a deep orange-red, and the back is richly marbled with chesnut brown upon a yellowish four-banded ground. The teeth are somewhat faintly developed, and do not make their appearance until the shell is on the eve of maturity. Species 27. (Fig. a. and 4. Mus. Cuming.) CYPR@HA ARENOSA. Cypr. testé orbiculari-ovatd, crassis- simd, subdepressd, lateribus turgidis, apertura angustd, extremitatibus retusis, basi convead, dentibus minutis, nu- merosis, columellaribus subtilissimis elongatis, exteriori- bus brevibus ; dorso ceruleo-cinereo, fasciis quaternis carneolo-fuscis ornato, lateribus cinereo-fuscis, supra arenaceo-striatis, basi eburned. THE SANDY Cowry. Shell orbicularly ovate, very thick, Pruate VIII. somewiat depressed, sides swollen, aperture narrow, extremities blunt, base convex, teeth minute, nume- rous, the columellar very fine and elongated, the outer short; back blueish ash-colour, ornamented with four carnelion-brown bands, sides ash-brown, arenaceously striated above, base ivory-white. Testa junior. Testa junior oblongo-ovata, fuscescens, fasciis quaternis car- neolis cingulata. Young shell oblong-ovate, pale brown, encircled with four carnelion bands. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 148. pl. 7. and 12. f. 6. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. The plan of colouring in this species, and the two which follow, offers an exception to the general rule -— in the dorsal surface of the shell receiving no new orna- mental distribution of colour on arriying at maturity. The calcifying energies of the mantle at an advanced stage of growth are exclusively directed, and with more than usual force, to the thickening of the sides, accompanied in the present species by a dull brown deposite of colour, throw- ing up a number of fine arenaceous striae. The banded layer of enamel in the Cypree@ arenosa, ven- triculus, and sulcidentata, is therefore analogous to the in- termediate banded layer of most Cowries, and to the dor- sal hiatus, of which the Cyprea talpa, carneola, and pulchra exhibit still more exaggerated modifications. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPREA VENTRICULUS. lateribus turgidis, subangulatis, extremitatibus retusis, basi subconcavo-depressd ; dorso ceruleo aut livido-cine- reo, fasciis quaternis carneolis ornato, lateribus nigri- Cypr. testd ovatd, crassissind, cante-castaneis, supra rubidis, infra fumeo-albicantibus, striis subtilissimis copiose exorientibus ; basi albicante. THE VENTRICLE Cowry. Shell ovate, very thick, sides swollen, rather angulated, extremities blunted, base somewhat concavely depressed ; back blueish or livid ash, ornamented with four carnelion bands, sides blackish chesnut, red above, smoky white beneath, with a number of very fine striz rising ; base whitish. December 1845. CYPRMA.—Puate VIII. Testa junior. Testa junior pallidé fulvescens, fasciis quaternis carneolis cingulata. Younger shell pale fulvous, encircled with four carnelion bands. Lamarck, Ann. du mus. p. 452. Cyprea achatina, Solander MSS. Dillwyn. Cyprea carneola, Martyn. Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. Lamarck appears to have published this species under the above title before Dr. Solanders’s manuscript name was recorded by Dillwyn. The shell is a truly solid mass of enamel, the sides of which are profusely striated with a number of extremely fine scratch-like strie. The obser- vations on the arrangement of the colours in the preceding species apply specially to this. Species 29. (Fig. a. and. 4. Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA SULCIDENTATA. Cypr. testd ovatd, crassissind, lateribus turgidis, bast convead, apertura angusta, den- tibus elongatis, valde prominentibus, interstiis profunde excavatis ; dorso ceruleo-cinereo, fasciis quaternis fus- cescentibus subdistantibus ornato, lateribus granuloso- arenaceis, basi fumeo-albicante, THE GROOVED-TOOTHED Cowry. Shell ovate, very thick, sides swollen, convex at the base, aperture narrow, teeth elongated, interstices deeply excavated; base blueish ash-colour, ornamented with four rather dis- tant pale brown bands, sides brown granulously are- naceous, base smoky-white. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 148. f. 5. Hab. South Seas. The deeply excavated interstices of the teeth which are like those of the Cypr@a leucodon, amply distinguish this species from the Cyprea arenosa to which it so closely ap- proximates in general appearance ; the colours are of a duller brown, and the base is of a dull smoky white. Ano- ther peculiarity by which it differs from that species is, that the sandy border round the sides does not rise in striae but subsides in sediment-like granules. Species 30. (Mus. Brit.) Cyprma GUTTATA. Cypr.testa,oblongo-ovata, subpyriformi, lateribus margine recurvis, basi depressiusculd, apertura sinuosd, dentibus parvis, in liris per basem continuatis, liris subirregularibus, rugiferis, hie illic bifurcatis, supra marginem et ad latera exorientibus ; columella levi; dorso flavescente-fusco, guttis albis varie magni- tudinis asperso, hiatu dorsali latiusculo, dentibus liris- que vivide crocato-rufis THe spotteD Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat pyriform, sides recurved round the margin, base rather depressed, aperture sinuous, teeth small, con- tinued across the base in ridges, ridges rather irregu- lar, wrinkled, bifurcated here and there, passing over the margin and rising upon the sides ; back yellow- ish-brown, sprinkled with white spots of various sizes, dorsal hiatus rather wide, teeth and ridges rich saf- fron-red. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 511. pl. 18. f. 1 and 2. Hab. ? This very rare and remarkable shell is the largest species of that division of the genus to which the Cypree erosa and Lamarckii belong. Its chief peculiarity consists in the teeth extending across the base in bright saffron-red ridges, each of which passes over the edge and a little way up the side, terminating in a point; they have a somewhat irre- gular wrinkled appearance, and are here and there forked. The white spots on the back are extremely variable in size, and, as in the Cyprea vitellus, have the appearance of a miniature firmament of stars of different degrees of magni- tude. The back of the shell is not, however, so highly enamelled as in that species, nor are the spots of the same round definite character. T have seen three specimens of the Cyprea guttata, one, from which the accompanying figure is taken, in the Bri- tish Museum, one in the Leyden Museum, and one in Mr. Norris’s collection, at Preston. There are also two which I have not had the pleasure of seeing; one lately received from Amsterdam, in the collection of Mr. Dennison of Liverpool, and another (I am told) in that of Mr. John- ston, of Berwick-on-Tweed. It appears to have been well- known to Martini, as it is figured by that author in the first volume of his “ Conchylien Cabinet,” Pl. 25. f. 252. and 253., published in 1769, under the title of “ Argus flacus tenuis ocellis lacteis.” a ~~ a Py ei CUPVHU Tt 35 Reeve ump Sowerby del et hth CYPRAA. Prats IX. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprea TuRDUS. Cypr. testé depresso-ovatd, turgidé, basi subplanulaté, eatremitatibus productis, apertura latiusculd, antic dilatatd, dentibus brevibus, subdistan- tibus ; albidd, dorso guttis punctisque fulvis inequali- bus profuse asperso. THE THRUSH Cowrny. Shell depressly ovate, swollen, rather flattened at the base, extremities produced, aperture rather wide, dilated anteriorly, teeth short, somewhat distant ; whitish, profusely sprinkled with unequal small fulvous spots and dots. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p-520. Hab. ? The dots of this species on the anterior extremity, which is shghtly crenulated, assume a dash-like character. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma LuRIDA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extremitati- bus plano-productis, basi subdepressi, dentibus brevibus ; dorso cinereo- aut cerulescente-olivaceo, subobscure tri- Jfasciato, extremitatibus croceo-incarnatis, maculd con- spicud nigricante utrinque tinctis, basi albicante. Tue Lurip Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, extremities flatly produced, base a little depressed, teeth short ; back ash or blueish olive, somewhat obscurely three- banded, extremities saffron-flesh colour, stained on each side with a conspicuous blackish blotch; base whitish. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1175. Hab. Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. There are two very distinct varieties of this well-known species, one a greenish-olive colour as figured, the other of a more blueish cast of colour, which is more elevated at the back, and more contracted at the extremities. Species 33. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CyprzA LYNX. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, crass, extre- mitatibus retusis, aperturd subangustd, dentibus interi- oribus per columellam elongatis ; dorso albido, fulvo et cerulescente profuse nebulato et guttato, maculis niger- rimo-fuscis inequalibus hic illic interspersis, hiatu dor- sali angusto lineari, lateribus dentibus basique albican- tibus, dentium interstitiis conspicue sanguineo-rufis. THE LYNx Cowrrny. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, extre- mities blunt, aperture rather narrow, inner teeth ex- tended across the columella; back whitish, profusely spotted and clouded with fulvous brown and blue, interspersed here and there with unequal dark black- ish-brown spots, dorsal hiatus narrow, linear, sides teeth and base whitish, interstices between the teeth bright blood-red. Testa junior. Testa junior alba, fulvo profuse guttata. Younger shell white, profusely spotted with yellowish brown. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), pe Wei Testa junior. Cyprea vanelli, Linneeus. Cyprea squalina, Gmelin. Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, Pacifie Islands, &e. The first coat of colouring matter, in which there is no dorsal opening, is one of pale fulvous brown spots on a white ground, the second is blueish and of a more clouded character, and the third consists of a scattered deposite of blackish-brown spots, round, but of very unequal size. The tecth are mostly developed simultaneously with the first deposite of colour, and the bright red colouring of the interstices between the teeth begins to make its appearance at the same time. Species 34. (Mus. Saul.) CyPR#A PULCHRA. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblonga, extre- mitatibus subcontractis, apertura rectiusculi, angustil, dentibus parvis, numerosis, linearibus, subobsoletis, co- lumelld levigatd, concavitate subampld, lateribus basi- que rotundatis ; dorso olivaceo, subobscure trifasciato, extremitatibus macula conspicud nigerrimo-fuscd utrin- que tinctis, basi pallidissime olivaceo-rubidd, dentibus lacco-fuscescentibus, interioribus medianis interdum bi- Surcatis, per basem partin fluentibus. THE BEAUTIFUL CowreEy. Shell cylindrically oblong, ex- tremities a little contracted, aperture rather straight, narrow, teeth small, numerous, linear, somewhat ob- solete, columella smooth, with a rather large conea- vity, sides and base rounded; back olive, rather ob- securely three-banded, extremities stained on each December 1845. CYPRMHA.—PuateE IX. side with a rich blackish-brown blotch, base with a warm ruddy olive tinge, teeth lake-brown, inner middle teeth sometimes bifurcated, flowing partially over the base. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 143. Hab. Red Sea. Although there is so close an approximation between the painting of the back of this species and the Cyprea Jurida, they are eminently distinct at the base. The teeth of the Cyprea pulchra are of a curious half-obsolete character, and peculiarly coloured, and the middle of the inner row are extended in lines a little way over the base, which just at that point has a slight concave depression. The name pulchella, originally given to this species by Mr. Gray, at page 143 of the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ vol. i. having been pre-occupied by Mr. Swainson, it was altered to pulchra at page 379 of the same volume. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#a EBURNA. Cypr. testdé depresso-ovatd, turgida, antice contractd, marginibus subobscuré foveolatis, aper- turd latiusculd, antice dilatatd, dentibus brevibus, for- tibus, subdistantibus ; extus undique eburned, intus Sulvo-fuscescente. THE Ivory CowreEy. Shell depressly ovate, swollen, contracted anteriorly, margins somewhat obscurely pitted, aperture rather wide, dilated anteriorly, teeth short; strong, rather distant; outside ivory-white, inside fulvous brown. Barnes, Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. i. p- 133. pl. 9. f. 2. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. This shell has so much the form of the Cypraa Lamarckii that it has been regarded as a white variety of that species. It is, however, constantly distinct, a pure highly polished ivory white shell, fulvous brown within. Gprea PLX, + tone oo é a.* 4 a 39 C wv del et bth Reeve imp CYPRAA. Puate X. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) CypR@A MILIARIS. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, antice at- tenuatd, extremitatibus productis, subreflexis, lateribus foveolatis ; dorso citrino-flavescente, ocellis albis profuse asperso, lateribus basique albis. Tue MILLET Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated anteriorly, extremities produced, a little reflexed, sides pitted ; back citron-yellow, profusely sprinkled with white eyes of various sizes, sides and base white. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3420. Hab. Japan (under stones) ; Dr. Siebald. Notwithstanding what has been said of this species by M. Deshayes, I am inclined to think with M. Kiener that it is really the C. miliaris of Gmelin; and that the follow- ing, universlly regarded by collectors as C. Lamarckit, is distinct from it. Species 37. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRHA LAMARCKII. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, extre- mitatibus subobtuso-productis, reflexis, utrinque foveo- latis ; dentibus brevibus, fortibus, subdistantibus ; dorso aurantio-flavescente, ocellis albis, quorum nonnullis pu- pillatis, profuse asperso, lateribus punctis, extremitati- bus lineis aurantio-castaneis, notatis, basi albi. Lamarck’s Cowrey. Shell ovate, ventricose, extremities somewhat obtusely produced, reflected, pitted on both sides; teeth short, strong, rather distant; back orange-yellow, profusely sprinkled with white eyes, some of which are pupilled, sides marked with orange- brown spots, extremities with lines, base white. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 506, Hab. Mozambique (under stones) ; W. V. Hennah. The growth of this species, in which the former is included by Mr. Gray as a variety, seems to differ constantly in being less obese, whilst the extremities are more produced and the outer teeth more in number. The difference in the colouring is most conspicuous; the sides and extremities are dashed and dotted with orange-brown, whilst the ground colour of the back is darker, and the eyes more or less pu- pilled. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) CypRHa cRUENTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatd, extremita- tibus subrectis, lateribus plus minusve incrassatis, den- tibus fortibus, subelongatis ; albidd, dorso lutescente, Susco marmorato, lateribus guttis inequalibus purpureo- laccis ornatis, dentium interstitiis crocato-cocceis. THE BLOoD-spor Cowrny. Shell oblong-ovate, extre- mities rather blunt, sides more or less thickened, teeth strong, rather elongated; whitish, back marbled with yellowish brown, sides ornamented with unequal pur- ple-lake spots, interstices between the teeth saffron- scarlet. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3420 (?). Cyprea variolaria, Lamarck. Hab. ——? Although M. Deshayes urges the propriety of following Lamarck’s name of this species on account of its doubtful identity with the description published by Gmelin, he does Mr. Dillwyn, Gray, Sowerby and all who have written upon the genus in this country have united in referring the species under consideration to the Cyprea cruenta of Gmelin. not show that description to refer to anything else. Species 39. (Fig.a. and 4. Mus. Saul. Fig. c. Mus. Cuming.) CypRmA ONYX. Cypr. testd ovato-pyriformi, postice umbi- licaté, apertura latiusculd ; dorso albicante, zonis binis obscuris, extremitatibus, basi, lateribusque aterrimis, aurantio-fusco supra marginatis, dentibus aterrimis. Tur onyx Cowrny. Shell ovately pyriform, umbilicated posteriorly, aperture rather wide ; back whitish, with two obscure zones, extremities base and sides jet black, edged above with orange-brown, teeth jet black. Variety B (Fig. 39 a.) Testa undique castaneo-fusca, extremitatibus bast lateribusque saturatioribus, dentibus crocato-rubris. Shell chesnut-brown throughout; extremities, base, and sides the deeper colour, teeth saffron red. Variety y. (Fig. 39 0.) Testa undique aurantio-lactea, extremitatibus basi lateribus- que saturatioribus. Shell of an orange cream-colour throughout ; extremities, base, and sides the darker. December 1845. CYPRHA.—Prate X. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1177. Cyprea adusta, Lamarck. Hab. San Diego, California. This species presents three remarkably distinct varieties all of which, represented in the accompanying plate, are well known to collectors. Species 40. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma SowErByi. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovetd, depressi- usculd, subumbilicatd, dorso ca@rulescente, obscurissimeé quadrifasciato, maculis inequalibus castaneo-fuscis cre- berrime et confuse picto, extremitatibus basi lateribusque aurantio-fuscis, lateribus et extremitatibus nigro-punc- tatis dentibus albidis. Sowrrsy’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depressed, slightly umbilicated, back blueish, very obscurely four- banded, very closely and confusedly painted with unequal chesnut-brown spots, extremities, base, and sides orange-tinged brown, sides andextremities dotted with black, teeth whitish. = Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 38. pl. 7. f. 3. Cyprea zonata, Gray, (not of Chemnitz). Eadem, Cyprea ferruginosa, Kiener. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, Africa. The Cyprea Sowerbyi has been confounded with another very distinct species, Cyprea zonata (for which see Plate XIII. Fig. 58.), and great confusion has resulted from the different interpretation put upon a very obscure figure pub- lished under that name by Chemnitz (Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 145. f. 1342), and copied in an absurdly embellished style into Wood’s ‘ Index Testaceologicus ’. After a careful examination of figures, and the compa- rison of an extensive series of specimens I am inclined to think that the shell above described, and of which the ac- companying figure is a rich characteristic example, was correctly introduced for the first time by Mr. Gray in the Zoological Journal, vol. iv. pl. 7. f. 8, as a new shell, but the name intended to distinguish it, maculata, was not em- ployed, because the author subsequently determined to refer it to the Cyprea zonata of Chemnitz; and, curious enough, the word maculata was at about the same period (September 1824) used by Mr. Barnes in the ‘ Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,’ in reference to a shell, which, though only figured in outline, is clearly a C. reticulata. We have, however, another extremely variable species of a shorter and more pyriform shape (vide Cyprea zonata, pl. 13. f. 58.), of which the figure above alluded to in Chemnitz is, in my opinion, either an uncoated, or immature specimen. The following history may assist in the determination of these species, and, I wish I might say, put an end to the confusion attending them. In the year 1788, before the different phases of colour which the Cowries exhibit at different periods of growth were fully understood, Chemnitz (Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 145. f. 1842.), published the figure of an African spe- cies in an incomplete state, showing the zones of lunar spots *‘zonis maculis lunaribus’’) characteristic of an interme- diate stage of growth. Lamarck in 1822 confirmed the propriety of regarding this shell as new, by the discovery of an adult specimen of the same, not otherwise described (“mais parmi celles du Muséum se trouve un invidu com- plet’’); but his testimony not being accompanied by any figure it is difficult to say with which of the two species (Sp. 40, or Sp. 48, of the present monograph), he had in his own mind identified it. Mr. Gray in 1824 published a figure of the former of these (and I think correctly), as a new species, with a name which he abandoned in the text, referring it to Chemnitz’s Cyprea zonata; and sub- sequently to that, as if desirous of returning to the opinion which I now hope to maintain, inserted a note to the fol- lowing effect; ‘“‘The reference to Chemnitz is doubtful,” (Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p.81.), Mr. Sowerby follows Mr. Gray in referring this species to the C. zonata without allusion to the doubt expressed in the note above alluded to; and no figure appeared of the true Cyprea zonata (such at least as I hold to be the true one), until M. Kiener figured both species under the same name (Icon. Coq. viv. pl. 7. f. 3. and pl. 48. f.1.). After the publication of these figures he appears to have discovered their specific difference, and in the text distinguished that under con- sideration by the new name of C. Sowerbyi. Unfortunately, however, M. Kiener did not stop here; for an inferior example of the very same shell is reproduced in a subse- quent plate as a new species under the title of Cyprea Serruginosa. Had it not been for the misapplication of the word maculata by Barnes, | should certainly have adopted it, as having been proposed, though not adopted by Mr. Gray. Cyproa, PUXE. ‘ Reeve, nnp Sowerby, del et hth CYPRAA. Prats XI. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#a Repver. Cypr. testé ovati, tenut, ventricosi, spire apice subprominente, dentibus parvis tenuibus nu- merosis, per columellam, precipue concavitatem anti- cam, subconspicuis ; dorso flavicante- aut lavendulo- fusco, obscure quadrifasciato, basi albidd, spire apice extremitatibusque rosets. Reeve’s Cowrey. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose, apex of the spire rather prominent, teeth small, thin, nume- rous, rather conspicuous across the columella; back yellowish- or lavender-brown, obscurely four-banded, base whitish, extremities and apex of the spire pink. Gray ; Sowerby, Cat. Cypraeadie, Conch. Tus. no. 15.f. 52. Hab. Garden Island, mouth of the Swan River. The back of this shell in a fine state of preservation is of a blueish lavender colour; and in this and the delicate pink colouring of the extremities the species is peculiarly characteristic. Species 42. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA PULCHELLA. Cypr. testd eleganter pyriformi, an- tice contractd et productd, dentibus elongatis, interiori- bus in liris basem percurrentibus ; albidd, dorso fulvo minutissime punctato, maculis fulvis semilunaribus bi- fasciato, lateribus guttis circularibus nigricante-fuscis irregulariter aspersis, dentibus lirisque rubidis. Tue pretty Cowrey. Shell elegantly pear-shaped, an- teriorly contracted and produced, teeth elongated, the inner teeth running over the base in ridges; whitish, back minutely dotted with fulvous specks, with two bands of semilunar blotches, sides irregularly sprinkled with round blackish brown spots, teeth and ridges dark red. Swatnson, Exotic Conch. p. 25. pl. 35. Hab. China. The colouring of the back of this species is exceedingly variable, being sometimes banded with semilunar spots as in the specimen here figured, sometimes ornamented with a large irregular splash of chesnut-brown. It is re- markable for the novel and characteristic extension of the teeth. Species 43. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma EROSA. Cypr. testd ovata, plus minusve depresso- pland, lateribus incrassatis, margine circa extremitate reflexo, foveolato et crenato, dentibus fortibus, exteri- oribus basem interdum percurrentibus ; dorso citrino- Sulvo, punctis minutis albis profuse notato, guttis fusces- centibus obscuris asperso, lateribus albis, maculd quad- ratd fusco-nigricante in medio tinctis, castaneo-fusco lineatis et punctatis. THE ERoDED Cowry. Shell ovate, more or less depressly flattened, sides thickened, edge reflected, pitted and crenated, teeth strong, outer teeth sometimes running across the base ; back citron-fulvous, profusely marked with minute white specks, and sprinkled with obscure brownish ones, sides white, stained in the middle with a square brownish black spot lineated and dot- ted with chesnut brown. Linnzxvus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p.1179. Hab, Ceylon, Mauritius, &e. An abundant and extremely variable species of which the specimen here figured may be regarded as the type. Species 44, (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHA CAPUT-SERPENTIS. td, depresso-pland, crassa, solidd, dorso subacuminato, Cypr. testa subquadrato-ova- dentibus conspicuis, subelongatis ; nigricante-fuscd, dorso guttis niveis circularibus inequalibus asperso, extremi- tatibus albicantibus, dentibus et aperture fauce fumeo- albidis. THE SNAKE’S-HEAD Cowrny. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, depressly flat, thick, solid, back a little acu- minated, teeth conspicuous, rather elongated ; blackish brown, back sprinkled with unequal round snow-white specks, extremities whitish, teeth and aperture smoky- white. Testa junior. Testa junior cinereo-cerulescens fascia unica fuscd latiusculd centralt. Younger shell ashy-blue, with a single rather broad central band. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1175. Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming. I take especial notice of the younger state of this well- known species on account of the great difference in its colour and appearance. December 1845. CYPRMHA.—Piare XI. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma scurra. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, extre- mitatibus declivibus, subretusis, apertura angusta, den- tibus tenuibus numerosis, columelle concavitate subam- pla ; dorso cinereo-cerulescente, obscure quadrifasciato, reticuld fuscd gracili latiusculd obtecto, hiatu lineari, lateribus basique flavicante-fuscis, guttis fumeo-nigri- cantibus aspersis, dentibus fusco-rubidis. Tur sesteR Cowrey. Shell cylindrically oblong, extre- mities steep, rather blunt, aperture narrow, teeth fine, numerous, concavity of the columella rather large ; back ashy blue, obscurely four-banded, covered over with rather open slender net-work of brown, with a linearhiatus, sides and base yellowish-brown, sprinkled with smoky black spots, teeth brownish red. Cuemnttz, Conch. Cab, vol. x. p. 103. pl. 144. f. 1338, Eadem. Cyprea Indica Gmelin. Had. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming. Distinguished from any varieties of the C. Arabica, to which it is in most respects allied, by its straight cylin- drical form. Species 4.6. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr@a caurtca. Cypr. testé ovatd, vel oblongo-ovati, plus minusve depress, lateribus plerumque incrassatis, dentibus fortibus, basem utringue percurrentibus ; dorso albido, punctis minutissimis flavicante-fuscis confuse et ereberrimé picto, lateribus fulvo-albidis, guttis niger- rimis conspicuis hie illic ornatis, basi subaurantio-fulvis, dentibus albidis. THE THICK-EDGED CowrEyY. Shell ovate, or oblong-ovate, more or less depressed, sides generally thickened, teeth strong, running partially over the base on each side ; back whitish, confusedly and very closely painted with minute yellowish brown specks, sides fulvous white ornamented here and there with very dark conspicuous spots, base orange-tinged fulvous, teeth whitish. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1179. Hab. Wastern Seas. This species is most abundant, varying from long and rounded forms with thin sides, to short and depressed with thickened sides. Cyprea [7 X11. Sowerby del. et hth Reeve, imp CYP hak. Pirate XII. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) CypREA PHYSIS. aperturé latiusculd, dentibus tenuibus minutis, interi- oribus feré obsoletis ; dorso cerulescente, zonis duabus fuscescentibus ornato, flavescente-fusco confuse picto, lateribus et extremitatibus fulco-aurantiis, basi albidd. THE SWOLLEN Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriform, thin, inflated, aperture rather broad, teeth fine minute, inner teeth almost obsolete ; back blueish, ornamented with two light brown zones, yellowish, confusedly painted with yellowish-brown dashes, sides and ex- tremities fulvous orange, base whitish. Broccut (in etate fossili), Conch. Foss. Subap. vol. ii. p. 284. pl. 2. f. 3. Cyprea achatidea, Sowerby. Cyprea Grayi, Kiener. Hab. Sicily (found under stones) ; Capt. Mott. Cypr. testd subpyriformi, tenui, inflata, A species comparatively new to collectors of recent shells, which M. Deshayes first identified with one that has been known for some time in a fossil state. It is of light inflated growth, with very fine teeth, the inner row of which is al- most obsolete, the sides and extremities are fulvous orange, and the back is profusely splashed with yellowish brown. Species 48. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRMA SUBVIRIDIS. Cypr. testd ovatd, turgidd, subpyri- formi, extremitatibus leviter productis, dentibus brevibus, Sortibus, subdistantibus, interioribus posterioribus plus minusve obsoletis ; dorso subviridis obscure latifasciato, punctis pallidis minutissimis lentiginoso, macula per- ampla castaneo-fusca picto, dentibus basi lateralibusque subviridescente-albis, extremitatibus incarnato-fuscescen- tibus. THE GREENISH CowreEy. Shell ovate, turgid, somewhat pytiform, extremities slightly produced, teeth short, strong, rather distant, the inner posterior teeth more or less obsolete; back greenish, obscurely broadly banded, painted with a very large chestnut-brown blotch, and freckled with minute pale specks; teeth base and sides greenish white, extremities flesh-tinged brown. ; REEVE, (menda typographica Lake), Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835. Cyprea errones var., Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Hab. Dupuch’s Island, North west coast of Australia (found under stones at low water); Dring R. N. This is the first shell I ever ventured, as a youth, to describe ; like most collectors my attention was first at- tracted by the Cowries, and the specimen which struck me as being specifically distinct from any other that I had seen is now in the collection of Mr. Cuming. The species has been entirely disregarded by naturalists ; one noticing it as a variety of C. errones, another omitting mention of it altogether. M. Kiener has certainly adopted the species, but as his figure is copied from Mr. Sowerby’s, and his comparison with the C. physis is one of figures only, it cannot be estimated as a record of opinion. Several specimens of the Cyprea subviridis have fortu- nately arrived from the locality above mentioned within the last twelvemonth, and the species is now universally esteemed by collectors in this country as one totally distinct from any hitherto known. Species 49. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRHA LENTIGINOSA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extre- mitatibus subproductis, dentibus magnis, subdistantibus ; dorso cerulescente-albo maculis undatis obscure trifas- ciato, punctis minutis fuscescentibus undique lentiginoso, extremitatibus nigricante-fuscis, lateribus guttis nigri- cante-fuscis aspersis, basi albidd. THE FRECKLED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi- ties a little produced, teeth large, somewhat distant ; back blueish-white, with three obscure bands of waved blotches, freckled over with small light brown specks ; extremities blackish-brown, sides sprinkled with black- ish-brown spots; base whitish. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 489. pl. 7 and 12. f. 1, Hab. Ceylon. Although a shell of great rarity there are several speci- mens in our different collections ; the one here figured from the cabinet of J. 8. Gaskoin, Esq. which is by far the finest I have seen, is already well known to the public by the figures of Mr. Sowerby and M. Kiener. Species 50. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr@A WALKERI. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, depressius- culd, extremitatibus subretusis, dentibus parvis, tenuibus, numerosis, precipue interioribus ; dorso ceruleo-albi- cante, trifasciato, fasciis latissimis fuscis, centrali sa- turatiore, in juniore undato-maculatis, punctis minutis- simis flavido-fuscis undique lentiginoso ; lateribus sub- flavis, guttis nigro-fuscis sparsim notatis, dentium inter- stitiis basique purpureo-violaceis, Watker’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depres- sed, extremities somewhat blunt, teeth small, fine, December 1845. CYPRMA.—Puiate XII. numerous, especially the inner; back blueish-white, three-banded, bands unusually broad, brown, central band darker than the others, marked in the younger shell with waved spots, freckled throughout with mi- nute yellowish-brown specks ; sides yellowish, marked here and there with round blackish brown spots ; base and interstices between the teeth purple-violet. Gray, Sowerby Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraade, no. 70. f, 22.* Hab. New Holland. An extremely well-defined species named by Mr. Gray after a zealous and intelligent collector of shells, now no more, to whom I am indebted with many kind remem- brances for my first introduction to conchological pursuits. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHA ISABELLA. Cypr. test cylindraceo-oblongd, ex- tremitatibus declivibus, retusis, apertura angustd, den- tidus tenuissimis numerosis, dorso cinereo aut cinereo- fulvo, obsuré trifasciato, punctis lineisque interruptis atris, longitudinaliter plus minusve notato ; extremita- tibus crocato-rubris, basi nived. THE FAWN-COLOURED Cowrzy. Shell cylindrically ob- long, extremities steep, blunt, aperture narrow, teeth very fine and numerous ; back ashy or ashy fulvous, ob- securely three-banded, more or less marked longitudi- nally with inky black dots and dashes, extremities saffron-red, base snowy white. Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177. Eadem, Cyprea controversa, Gray. Hab. Mauritius. A well-known species of the same oblong cylindrical form as the C. scurra. Species 52. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRM@A PYRIFORMIS. Cypr, testd pyriformi, tenuiculd, subumbilicatd, extremitatibus productis,pracipue antici, dentibus subirregularibus precipue interioribus, basi an- tice depressiusculd ; dorso subviridi, fascid centrali in- terrupti fuscescente, punctis minutissimis fulvo-fuscis undique lentiginoso, lateribus albidis, guttis fulvo-fusces- centibus notatis, basi albidd, dentibus interioribus rubidis. THE PEAR-SHAPED Cowrsy. Shell pear-shaped, rather thin, a little umbilicated, extremities produced, the anterior especially, teeth somewhat irregular, particu- larly the interior, base rather depressed anteriorly ; back greenish, with a central interrupted pale brown band, freckled throughout with very minute fulvous brown dots, sides whitish, marked with fulvous brown spots, base whitish, inner teeth red. Gray, Zool. Jounal, vol. 1. p. 371. Hab. Ceylon. Having two magnificent specimens of this very rare species before me from the collections of Mr. Gaskoin and Miss Saul, I am enabled to fill up the characters that were unwillingly omitted by Mr. Gray at the time of its intro- duction. The back is of a delicate sea-green, freckled with very minute yellowish brown specks, having a broad inter- rupted band of the same colour across the centre. The teeth are deep red, and of the same remarkable character, on a small scale, as those of the C. pulchella. M. Kiener’s figure gives a most inadequate idea of the species, being a wretched copy of a rather indifferent figure in Sowerby’s ‘Conchological Hlustrations’. Species 53. (Mus. Saul.) CYPREHA TESSELLATA. Cypr. testé crassissimd, solidd, sub- quadrato-ovatd, lateribus incrassatis, dorso paululum acuminato, extremitatibus retusis, anticé callositate sub- obscura munitd, aperturd angustd, dentibus parvis, gracilibus ; dorso ferruginoso-cinereo, trifasciato, fas- clis latissimis, lateribus maculis quadratis fuscis et albis tessellatis, maculis duabus superioribus ad utrumque latus vivide nigerrimo-castaneis, callositate albd, basi Susco alboque tessellatim variegatd, dentibus aurantio- Suscis. THE TESSELLATED Cowrey. Shell very thick and solid, somewhat squarely ovate, sides thickened, back a little acuminated, extremities blunt, the anterior fur- nished with a somewhat obscure callosity, aperture narrow, teeth small, slender, back ferruginous ash- colour, three-banded, bands very broad, sides tessel- lated with square brown and white spots, the two upper spots on both sides very dark bright chesnut, callosity white, base tessellately variegated with brown and white, teeth orange-brown. Swarnson, Zool. Illustrations, 1st Series, vol. ii. pl. 3. Hab. New Zealand. This species, like the preceding, has been but imper- fectly described hitherto for want of a specimen in adequate condition. The shell here figured from the collection of Miss Saul is in the finest state imaginable, and quite a gem to look upon. Cyprea. FUL DOI + s Lan: - : Ie ye7 Reeve Brothers mrp Soweiby del et secu CYPRAA., Puate XIII. Species 54. (Mus. Saul.) CypRHA PALLIDA. Cypr. testd ovatd, subpyriformi, tur- gidd, dentibus subgrandibus ; dorso viridescente-strami- neo, fulvo-fusco minutissime lentiginoso, lateribus fusco sparsim guttatis, basi albicante. THE PALE Cowrey. Shell ovate, somewhat pear-shaped, swollen, teeth rather large; back greenish straw-co- lour, very minutely freckled with fulvous brown, sides spotted here and there with brown, base whitish. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 387. Hab. ? The C. pallida approximates rather closely to the C. punctulata, but is perfectly distinct on examination; it is of a more pear-shaped form, and less thickened, the tone of colour always paler, whilst the inner teeth do not extend across the columella, which wants the anterior concavity. Species 55. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma xanTHoDON. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, antic? attenuatd, basi subdepressd, extremitatibus leviter pro- ductis, lateribus subincrassatis, dentibus brevibus, inte- rioribus superioribus subobsoletis, columella anticé medio sulcatd ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, obscure trifasciato, punctis minutis fulvo-olivaceis undique lentiginoso, la- teribus flavicantibus, guttis nigerrimo-fuscis conspicuis ornatis, dentibus basique fulvo-flavicantibus. THE YELLOW-ToorH CowreEy. Shell oblong-ovate, atten- uated anteriorly, base a little depressed, extremities slightly produced, sides rather thickened, teeth short, the inner upper teeth somewhat obsolete, columella grooved down the middle anteriorly ; back blueish green, obscurely three-banded, freckled throughout with minute fulvous orange specks, sides yellowish, ornamented with conspicuous blackish-brown spots, teeth and base fulvous yellow. Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreeade no. 88. f. 18. Hab. ? Through the kindness of Miss Saul, I am enabled to figure the only adult specimen of this Cowrey that has been seen in fine condition; Mr. Gaskoin has a well-preserved specimen in an intermediate stage of growth, and besides these I have seen none but what are decorticated. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma ERRONES. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovali, dentibus bre- vibus ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, punctis fulvis minu- tissimis lentiginoso, macula castaned grandi centrali plerumque picto, lateribus basique flavescentibus imma- culatis. THE ERRONEUS Cowrey. Shell oblong-oval, teeth short ; back blueish green, freckled with very minute fulvous specks, generally painted with a large chesnut blotch in the centre. Liynevs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 723. Cypree ovum and subflava, Grelin. Cyprea olivacea. Lamarck. Hab. Eastern Seas. This, unlike most other species of the genus, is not spotted at the sides. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprm®a Picta. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovaté, anticé atten- uatd, lateribus subangulatis, basi depresso-pland, den- tibus brevibus ; dorso ceruleo, fascia centrali subob- scurd, purpureo-fusco undique peculiariter nebulato- picto, hiatu dorsali centrali, lateribus fumeo-fuseis, guttis conspicuis nigricantibus ornatis, basi fumeo- albidé. Tue painteD Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated anteriorly, sides somewhat angulated, base depressly flattened, teeth short; back blue, with a rather ob- scure central band, painted throughout with peculiarly clouded purple-brown, with a central dorsal open- ing, sides smoky brown, ornamented with conspi- cuous blackish spots, base smoky white. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 389. pl. 7. f. 10. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia. Distinguished from the following species, to which it is the next allied, by its reddish-purple tinged painting and dorsal opening, by its angular form, the base being more depressed, and the back more steeply elevated. Species 58. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma ZoNATA. Cypr. testd ovata, lateribus basique convexis, dentibus fortibus, subelongatis ; dorso ceruleo December 1845. - CYPRMHA.—Ptate XIII. aut viridescente, maculis semilunaribus undatis plus mi- nusve distinctis medio zonato, fulvo-fusco sparsim un- dique nebuloso-picto, lateribus basique fumeo-fuscis, ni- griguttatis. THE ZONED CowreEy. Shell ovate, sides and base convex, teeth strong, a little elongated; back blueish or greenish, zoned across the middle with more or less distinct waved semilunar spots, sparingly painted throughout with clouded fulyous brown, sides and base dark smoky brown, spotted with black. Cuemnttz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 145. f. 1342. Eadem, Cyprea nebulosa, Kiener. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia. I quite agree with M. Kiener in regarding this shell as the Cyprea zonata of Chemnitz, for a full history of which I refer to my observations on the Cyprea Sowerbyi. The Cyprea nebulosa of M. Kiener is, however, an obscure va- riation of colouring, which may be easily identified with the typical examples by a careful comparison. Species 59. (Mus. Saul.) CyPpR#A NIGRO-PUNCTATA. Cypr. test oblongo-ovatd, an- tice attenuata et contractd, lateribus marginatis et cum extremitatibus productis, dentium interstitiis subpro- funde sulcatis; dorso cerulescente, fulvo pallide lenti- ginoso, lateribus creberrime nigripunctatis, basi flavi- cante. THE BLACK-DOTTED CowRey. Shell oblong-ovate, atten- uated and contracted anteriorly, sides marginated and produced with the extremities, interstices between the teeth rather deeply grooved ; back blueish, freckled with pale fulvous brown, sides very closely dotted with black, base yellowish. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 11. Eadem, Cyprea irina, Kiener. Hab, Gallapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean (found under stones); Cuming. M. Kiener has been singularly unfortunate in his lucu- brations of this and two other allied species ; an uncoated example of that under consideration is figured at Pl. II. with its proper name Cyprea nigro-punctata, and a fine specimen with its last coating of enamel is introduced at Plate LVI., as a new species, under the name of Cyprea rina. The Cyprea Sowerbyi is unconsciously reproduced at Plate LVI. under that of Cyprea ferruginosa. A variety of Cyprea zonata is introduced at Pl. XXXII. as a new spe- cies under the name of Cyprea nebulosa ; and to complete the category it may be added that his C. Boivinii is a well- known variety of C. gangrenosa, his C. fabula one of C. felina, his C. Grayi the C. physis, already named C. acha- tidea by Sowerby, and his C. rotunda the C. quadripunciata. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma ARABICULA. Cypr. testé ovati, dorso elevato, la- teribus margiuatis, extremitatibus angulato-productis, basi depresso-pland, dentibus numerosis, angustis, acutis, interstitiis profunde incisis ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, obscure fasciato, fusco creberrime subreticulatim picto, lateribus fumeo-fuscis, guttis grandibus nigricantibus ornatis, basi albicante. Tue LiTtLe Arabic Cowrey. Shell ovate, back elevated, sides marginated, with the extremities angularly pro- duced, base depressly flat, teeth numerous, narrow, sharp, interstices deeply cut; back blueish green, ob- scurely banded, very closely reticulately painted with brown, sides smoky brown, ornamented with large black spots, base whitish. Lamarcx, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 534. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones) ; Cuming. There is something very peculiar in the form of this species, the base being flattened, the sides produced into a rim all round, whilst the teeth are very deeply cut in the interstices. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma punctuLata. Cypr. testé subgloboso-ovatd, crassa, solidd, lateribus rotundatis, basi converd, dentibus for- tiusculis ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, olivaceo-fusco cre- berrimeé lentiginoso, lateribus fumeo-nigricantibus, in- terdum aurantio tinctis, guttis nigris aspersis. THE FINE DOTTED Cowrery. Shell somewhat globosely ovate, thick, solid, sides rounded, base convex, teeth rather strong ; base blueish green, very closely freckled with olive-brown, sides smoky black, sometimes bright- ened with a warm orange tinge, sprinkled with black spots. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 387. Hab. Panama (found under stones), Cuming. Intermediate between the C. pallida and Arabicula, but perfectly distinct from both. Cypraa. FLAW. Reeve Brothers. mp Sowerby, del. et sculp. CYPRAA. Prats XIV. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprea Saute. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, postice umbi- licatd, anticé attenuatd, lateribus antice marginatis, ex tremitatibus productis, subrefleis, aperturd leviter flex- uosd, dentibus prominulis ; dorso lacteo, macula grandi conspicud centrali, punctisque paucis minutissimis vivide aurantio-castaneis picto, lateribus guttis perpaucis ni- gricante-fuscis ornatis, basi albicante, dentibus albidis, interstitiis aureo-flavescentibus. SauL’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, umbilicated poste- riorly, attenuated anteriorly, sides marginated at the anterior end, extremities produced, a little reflexed, aperture slightly flexuous, teeth rather prominent, bold; back clear cream-colour, painted with a large conspicuous central spot of bright orange chestnut, surrounded with a few very minute dots of the same colour, sides ornamented with a very few dark brown spots, base whitish, teeth whitish, interstices pale golden yellow. GasKoIN, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843. Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila (found among coarse sand and gravel at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. This is one of the most distinct and pleasing species to look upon of any in the genus; the beautiful economy and delicacy of the bright sienna painting upon a clear cream- coloured ground, render it an object of peculiar admira- tion. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHA ERYTHREENSIS. Cypr. testd subcylindraceo-ovatd, antice attenuatd, lateribus rotundatis, extremitatibus subproductis, dentibus parvis, numerosis, per basem sub- elongatis ; dorso viridi-cerulescente, punctis perpaucis minutissimis maculdque grandi centralt deforme auran- tio-castaned picto, extremitatibus guttd unicd aurantio- castaned utrinque ornatis ; lateribus, dentibus, basique ceruleo-albidis. Tur RED-sportreED Cowrey. Shell somewhat. eylindri- cally ovate, attenuated anteriorly, sides rounded, ex- tremities a little produced, teeth small, numerous, elongated partially across the base; back greenish blue, painted with exceedingly minute orange-ches- nut dots and a large central mis-shapen blotch of the same colour, extremities ornamented on each side with a single reddish chesnut spot, sides, teeth and base blueish white. Beck, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Red Sea; Riippell. Zanzibar ; Thorn. The Cyprea erythreensis exhibits without doubt a close approximation to the Cyprea stolida; but the differences, though minute, are constant, and determinable at a glance. In the first place it is uniformly smaller in size; the spe- cimen here figured being rather above the average, and the largest I have seen. elevated, more cylindrically lengthened, and attenuated at the anterior end, without that sudden declivity which is so There is moreover a marked variation in the colouring :—in all the specimens I have seen, probably some twenty or more, the central dorsal blotch is of a different style, it is more open and irregular, and has no symmetry of squareness ; I find no indication, either, of the angles of colour which characterize the four In form it varies in being less characteristic of its ally. corners of the Cyprea stolida, nor are the teeth or edge of the extremities coloured. Species 64. (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprma cyLinprica. Cypr. testd elongato-ovatd, subcy- lindraced, antice declivi, lateribus cum extremitatibus marginatis, reflexis, bast depresso-pland, apertura an- tice dilatatd, dentibus exterioribus grandibus subdistan- tibus, interioribus tenuibus per basem subelongatis ; dorso cerulescente punctis maculdque grandi centrali deformi fulvo-castaneis lentiginoso, eatremitatibus ma- culd conspicud nigro-castaned utrinque pictis, latere sinistro punctis perpaucis ; dentibus basique albicantibus. Tur CYLINDRICAL CowrEyY. Shell elongately ovate, some- what cylindrical, steep anteriorly, sides with the ex- tremities marginated, reflexed, base depressly flat, aperture anteriorly dilated, outer teeth large, rather distant, inner fine and elongated partially across the base; back blueish, freckled with very minute fulvous chesnut specks and a large mis-shapen central blotch, extremities painted on each side with a conspicuous blackish chesnut spot, the left side with one or two dots; teeth and base whitish. December 1845. CYPR#A.—Prate XIV. Born, Mus. p. 184. pl. 8. f. 10. Hab. Ceylon; Pacific Islands; New Holland. The New Holland examples of this species are rounder and less elongated, approaching more to the form of the Cypraa errones. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) CypREA DiLucuLUM. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, ventricosd, apertura flecuosd, dentibus brevibus fortius- culis ; dorso violaceo-castaneo, zonis duabus aut pluribus undulato-albis ornatis, lateribus basique albis, punctis perpaucis fuscis notatis, extremitatibus nigricante-cas- taneo-marginatis. THE DAY-BREAK Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, ventricose, aperture flexnous, teeth short, rather strong; back violet-chesnut, ornamented with two or more zones of zigzag white, sides and base white, marked with a very few brown dots, extremities edged with dark chesnut. Cyprea ziczac (pars), Linneeus, Martini. Cyprea undata, Lamarck (not of Chemnitz.) Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This ancient and well-known species requires to be dis- tinguished by a new name in consequence of the word wn- data, applied to it by Lamarck, having been already used by Chemnitz in reference to a shell which proves to be the young of the C. Mauritiana (Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 102). Tt was confounded by Linneeus and Martini with the C. ziczac, and is extremely well figured by the latter in the first volume of his ‘Conchylien Cabinet,’ published in 1769. Species 66. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming. Fig. 4, Mus. Saul.) ‘YPREA TABESCENS. Cypr. testd oblongd vel ovaté, um- bilicatd, lateribus incrassatis, dentibus parviusculis ; dorso albicante, flavido-fuscescente pallidé lentiginoso, maculis semilunaribus medio subobscuré trizonato, late- ribus fusco-guttatis, dentibus basique albicantibus. TuE consumptive Cowrey. Shell oblong or ovate, um- bilicated, sides thickened, teeth rather small; back whitish, freckled with pale yellowish brown, and ra- ther obscurely three-zoned across the middle with semilunar spots of the same colour, sides spotted with brown, teeth and base whitish. SoLanpER, MSS., Dillwyn Cat. vol. i. p. 463. Cyprea teres, Gmelin (?). Hab. Ceylon; Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming. The figures in Martini’s ‘ Conch. Cab.’ f. 294 and 295, to which Mr. Gray and M. Deshayes refer for this species, are intended to represent, without doubt, the Cyprea cy- lindrica ; the Cypraa tabescens may be recognised in Fig 295 and 296 of the same plate. I have figured a curious broad growth of this species from Mr. Cuming’s collection, because it is one of extremely rare occurrence. Species 67. (Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA STOLIDA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatié, dorso ele- vato, extremitates versus utrinque declivi, lateribus cum extremitatibus marginatis, subreflexis, apertura flexuosa, dentibus numerosis, per basem elongatis, inter- stitiis subprofunde incisis ; dorso cerulescente, punctis minutissimis, macula grandi quadrata centrali, macula- que semiquadratd ad utrumque angulum aurantio-cas- taneis vivide picto, basi albicante, dentibus et extremi- tatibus aurantio-castaneis. Tue FrootisH Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, back ele- vated, steep down each side to the extremities, sides with the extremities marginated, a little reflexed, aper- ture flexuous, teeth numerous, elongated across the base, interstices rather deeply cut; back blueish, brightly painted with very minute orange-chesnut dots, with a large central square spot, and with a half-square spot at each corner, of the same colour, base whitish, teeth and extremities orange-chesnut. Lrynevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180. Rubigo, Martini. Cyprea rubiginosa, Gmelin. Hab. Ceylon. A careful comparison of the above description with that of the Cyprea erythreensis, will show that there is a very characteristic specific difference between them, and one of which I find no intermediate modification. Species 68. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma spurca. Cypr. testé ovatd, lateribus cum extre- mitatibus marginatis, foveolatis, dentibus fortiusculis ; dorso luteo nebulato et ocellato, lateribus flavicantibus, foveolis fuscis, basi albicante. Tue pirty Cowrey. Shell ovate, sides with the extre- mities marginated, pitted, teeth rather strong, back clouded and ocellated with fulvous yellow, pits brown, ___ base whitish. Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1179. Cyprea acicularis, Gmelin. Cyprea flaveola, Lamarck, (not of Linnzeus). Hab. Mediterranean. There is a curious variety of this well-known shell, in which the base has a large dark splash upon it. Cyprad FOX. CYPRAA. Puate XV. Species 69. (Mus. Saul.) CyprR@A OBVALLATA. Cypr. testé orbiculari-ovatd, depressa, dorso angusto, elevato, lateribus valde incrassato-mar- ginatis, apertura angustd, dentibus fortibus, subelon- gatis; dorso ceruleo, annulo sanguineo interdum cir- cumcincto, lateribus basique fumeo-albicantibus. THE INTRENCHED Cowregy. Shell orbicularly ovate, de- pressed, back narrow, elevated, sides very much thick- ened and puffed out, aperture narrow, teeth strong, rather elongated; back blue, sometimes encircled with a blood-red ring, sides and base smoky white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 538. Cyprea moneta, var., Dillwyn. Hab. Taheite, Pacific Islands (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. L use the term odvallata instead of obvelata, believing it to be the word which Lamarck intended to characterize the peculiar growth of this shell. Those who think with me that such was the case, will adopt it without prejudice to the authenticity of the species. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) CypR@A NUCLEUS. ductis et rostratis, dorso noduloso, nodulis, precipué Cypr. testa ovatd, extremitatibus pro- lateralibus, liris coadunatis, basi convead, dentibus par- vis, in liris angustis per basem utringue extensis ; sor- dide alba, nodulis lirisque pallide ferruginosis. THE HARD-CRUSTED CowreEy. Shell ovate, extremities produced and beaked, back nodulous, nodules, parti- cularly the lateral ones united together by ridges, base convex, teeth small, extending across the base on both sides in ridges; dull white, nodules and ridges pale rusty brown. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1181. The dorsal line of this species is represented by a rather deep longitudinal groove. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#a ANNULUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, basi concavo-de- pressa, lateribus incrassatis, declivibus, dentibus, for- tibus, subdistantibus ; fumeo-albidd, dorso annulo san- guineo circumcincto. THE RING Cowrey. Shell ovate, base concavely depressed, sides thickened, steep, teeth strong, rather distant ; smoky white, back encircled with a blood-red ring. Linnuvs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1179. Hab. astern Seas. There is no indication in this species of the oval in- trenchment which characterizes the growth of the Cyprea obvallata. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) CyPR@®A HELVOLA. Cypr. testd ovatd, depressd, lateribus incrassatis, medio turgidis, marginatis, foveolatis, den- tibus fortibus, latiusculis, exterioribus per basem partim elongatis ; dorso olivaceo-fuscescente, ocellis numerosis albis, maculisque stellaribus fulvo-rubidis sparsim or- nato, lateribus basique fusco-rubidis, colore supra mar- ginem saturatiore, extremitatibus violaceis. THE RED Cowrey. Shell ovate, depressed, sides thickened, swollen in the middle, marginated, pitted, teeth strong, rather broad, the outer partially elongated across the base ; back pale olive-brown, ornamented with nume- rous white eyes and fulvous brown starry spots, sides and base brownish red, colour darker above the edge, extremities violet. Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180. Hab. Ceylon. A common species but one of the most richly and beau- tifully coloured of the series. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR#A OCELLATA. lateribus turgidis, submarginatis, obscure foveolatis, dentibus fortibus ; dorso rufescente-flavo, ocellis nume- rosis albis, quorum nonnullis hie illic nigro-pupillatis, ornato, basi lateribusque albidis, fusco-punctatis. THE OCELLATED Cowrey. Shell ovate, base a little de- pressed, sides swollen, submarginated, obscurely pitted, teeth strong ; back reddish-yellow, ornamented with numerous white eyes, some of which are pupilled with black, base and sides whitish, dotted with brown. Lrynevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180. Hab. Kastern Seas. Another abundant and beautifully marked species well- known to collectors. Cypr. testd ovatd, basi subdepressd, December 1845. CYPRAA.—Puate XV. Species 74. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma MoNETA. Cypr. test trigono-ovatd, depressd, lateribus incrassato-marginatis, tuberculatis, dentibus subobtusis, basi tuberculatd; albd, pallide stramined, aut flava, dorso annulo tenui sanguineo-rufo interdum cir- cumeincto. Tur MoNEY CowkEyY. Shell triangularly ovate, depressed, sides thickly marginated, tuberculated, teeth rather obtuse, base tuberculated; white, pale straw-colour or deep yellow, back sometimes encircled with a faint blood-red ring. Linn2ts, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1178. Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming. The colour of this species varies from white to a very deep yellow. Species 75. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr&a MADAGASCARIENSIS. riter depressd, dorso noduloso, nodulis liris coadunatis, sulco dorsali impresso, lateribus marginatis, extremita- tibus obtusis, aperturd angustd, dentibus tenuibus, basem super in liris eatensis, quarum alternis precipue ad latus sinistrum, minoribus ; lacted, dorso rosaceo-fus- cescente pallidissime tincto, liris basalibus rufo-fusces- cente tenuiter marginatis. Tur MapaGcascar Cowrey. Shell ovate, peculiarly de- pressed, back noduled, nodules connected together by ridges, impressed by a dorsal groove, sides mar- ginated, extremities obtuse, aperture narrow, teeth fine, extending over the the base in ridges, the alter- nate of which, on the left side more particularly, are smaller; cream-colour, back tinged with pinkish- brown, basal ridges edged with reddish-brown. GMELIN. Syst. Nat. p. 3419. Cyprea nucleus, var. b. Lamarck. Hab. Madagascar. Cypr. testa ovata, peculia- This species is uniformly larger in size than the C. nu- cleus, much more depressed, and of a peculiarly soft pink- ish cream-colour. The extremities are more obtuse, and the ridges across the left base are alternately larger and smaller. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) CyPRMA PUSTULATA. Cypr. testa ovatd, antice attenuaté, basi depressi, dentibus in liris conspicuis per basem utrinque extensis, columella cum concavitate anticd levi- gata, dorso striis elevatiusculis longitudinalibus et trans- versis, quarum transversis fortioribus, subtilissime can- cellato, verrucis numerosis prominentibus, quarum ime- dianis majoribus, munito ; dorso cinereo-plumbeo, verru- cis vivide corallo-rubris, ad basem nigro-annulatis, basi nigricante-fuscd, liris albidis. THE PUSTULAR CowreEy. Shell ovate, somewhat atten- uated anteriorly, depressed at the base, teeth ex- tending across the base on each side in conspicuous ridges, columella with the anterior concavity smooth, back very finely cancellated with slightly elevated longitudinal and transverse striee, of which the trans- verse are the stronger, and armed with numerous prominent pimples of which the middle are the lar- gest ; back ashy lead-colour, pimples bright coral-red ringed with black, ribs whitish. Testa junior. Testa junior dorso cancellato, verrucis nullis Younger shell with the back cancellated, but destitute of pimples. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.x. p.535. Hab. \sle of Plata and Panama, west coast of America (found under stones) ; Cuming. It is a circumstance worth noting in the growth of this shell that the teeth beome considerably developed before there is any indication of dorsal pimples. Gy pre ME: Sowerby, del. et hth Reeve Brothers, imp C¥PR AA, Puate XVI. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#s Cumineit. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, anticé at- tenuate extensd, lateribus marginatis, extremitatibus productis et reflexis, apertura fleruosd, dentibus tenu- ibus, precipue interioribus ; dorso fulvo-stramineo, ocel- lis albidis fusco annulatis parviusculis sparsim ornato, lateribus castaneo-punctatis, basi alba. Cumine’s Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuately drawn out anteriorly, sides marginated, extremities produced and reflected, aperture flexuous, teeth fine, especially the inner ; back fulvous straw-colour, spa- ringly ornamented with rather small white eyes tinged with pale brown, sides dotted with dark ches- nut brown, base white. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreade, no. 77. f.5 and 181. Had. Island of Rietea, Society Islands (found under coral on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This beautiful species may be distinguished from the Cyprea cribraria by its attenuated and elegant growth, by the clearness and delicacy of its colouring, and by the spots being smaller, fewer in number, and ringed with pale brown. Species 78. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr#a CITRINA. Cypr. testé globoso- vel oblongo-ovaté, ventricosd, lateribus marginatis et foveolatis, apertura latiusculd, dentibus brevibus ; dorso olivaceo-rubido ma- culis inequalibus rotundis albidis irregulariter asper- so, subtus cinerascente, obscure fasciato, hiatu dorsali latiusculo, lateribus extremitatibus basique citrino-rubi- dis, basi castaneo tincté. THE cITRON CowreEy. Shell globosely or oblong-ovate, ventricose, sides marginated, pitted, aperture rather wide, teeth short; back olive ruddy colour, irregu- larly sprinkled with unequal round white spots, ash- colour underneath, obscurely banded, dorsal hiatus rather wide, sides extremities and base citron-red, base stained with chesnut. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 509. Hab. ? The specimen here figured from the collection of Miss Saul is the only one I know in really fine condition. The species varies in form from a swollen globose to an oblong shape. Species 79. (Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA BICALLOSA. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, lateribus submarginatis, obscure foveolatis, extremitatibus subros- tratis, callositate plus minusve conspicud munitis, aper- turd flecuosd, dentibus fortibus, per basem subelongatis, interstitiis profundé excavatis ; rubido-crocatd, dorso castaneo varie maculato et nebulato. THE TWO-caLLUs CowrEy. Shell ovately oblong, sides slightly marginated, obscurely pitted, extremities somewhat beaked, furnished with a more or less con- spicuous callus, aperture flexuous, teeth strong, a little elongated across the base, interstices deeply excavated; reddish saffron colour, back variously clouded and mottled with chesnut. Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Mlus. Cat. Cypreeade.no. 50.f. 10. Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies; Guilding. An extremely rare and interesting species, distinguished from all others not only by its callosities, but by its gene- ral form and colouring. Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.) CyPREA ESONTROPIA. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, subum- bilicatd, solidiusculd, lateribus incrassatis, marginatis, dentibus fortibus ; dorso luteo vel pallidé cinnamomeo, maculis rotundis numerosis subamplis ornato, lateribus basique eburneis, lateribus cinnamomeo punctatis. THE KEELED Cowrey. Shell ovate-oblong, rather solid, slightly umbilicated, sides thickened, marginated, teeth strong; back yellowish or pale cimnamon-brown, ornamented with numerous rather large white spots, sides and base ivory white, sides dotted with cinna- mon-brown. Ducios, Magasin de Zoologie 1833, pl. 36. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Distinguished from the following species to which it is so nearly allied, by its thickened growth, by its larger and more contiguous spots, and by the dotted colouring of the sides; characters which appear to be of uniform constancy. Species 81. (Mus. Saul.) CypR#A CRIBRARIA. bilicatd, tenuiculd, lateribus marginatis cum extremita- Cypr. testi ovato-oblongd, subum- December 1845. CYPRMA.—Priate XVI. tibus plerumque reflexis, dentibus subnumerosis ; dorso luteo vel cinnamomeo, maculis rotundis albis plus mi- nusve numerosis ornato, basi lateribusque eburneis. THE SIEVE-LIKE Cowrey. Shell ovate-oblong, rather thin, sides marginated generally with the extremities reflexed, teeth rather numerous ; back yellow or cin- namon-brown, ornamented with more or less nume- rous round white spots, base and sides ivory white. Testa junior. Testa junior flavescente-lacteo latifasciata, immaculata. Younger shell encircled with broad bands of yellowish cream-colour, without spots. Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1178. Hab. Ceylon. It is not literally correct to say that the back of this species is spotted; there is no deposite of spots, the last coat of cimnamon-brown colour being perforated, like a sieve, the white or cream coloured ground of the interme- diate state is seen through each orifice. The two different shades generally observable in the colour, shows that the left mantle of the animal must be of unusually large pro- portion, whilst the right is small and feeble. Species 82. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Saul.) CyPRHA STAPHYLMA. Cypr. testé ovatd, dorso multigra- noso, granis latera versus prominentioribus, lateribus et extremitatibus foveolatis, dentibus per basem utrinque extensis ; dorso lavendulo aut cinereo-violaceo, granis albidis, dentibus et extremitatibus croceo-fuscescentibus, extremitatibus interdum purpureis, basi albicante. THE GRAPE-sHOT CowreEy. Shell ovate, back many- grained, grains more prominent towards the sides, sides and extremities pitted, teeth extended across the base on each side; back lavender or ashy violet, grains whitish, teeth and extremities yellowish brown, extremities sometimes purple, base whitish. Variety 8, Fig. 82 a. Testa grandior, tenuior, dorso levigato, maculis granorum locis. Shell larger, thinner, smooth, with spots instead of grains. Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1181. Variety 8, Cyprea interstincta, Wood. Varietas intermedia, Cyprea limacina, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands (all varieties) ; Cuming. This I consider, without exception, the most variable species of the genus, so much so that I can only particu- larize the two extremes through which all the variations range. The typical variety (Fig. 6.) is small and granu- lous, the opposite variety (Fig. a.) is smooth, the grains being replaced by spots, and larger, confirming with peculiar accuracy an observation in my Monograph of the Cones to the effect that all those varieties of shells in which the surface is raised in granules, are proportionally more dimi- nutive in size. One of the most constant character through- out the varieties of this species is the yellowish-brown co- louring of the teeth and extremities, indeed it is hard to distinguish some of the white varieties from the C. nucleus except by this peculiarity. Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma Lister. Cypr. testa ovatd, depressinsculd, late- ribus extremitatibusque marginatis et foveolatis, denti- bus fortiusculis, interstitiis profunde excavatis ; dorso pallidé olivaceo, punctis perpaucis albidis, guttis ol- vaceo-fuscis sparsis inequalibus ornato ; lateribus basi- que purpurascente-violaceis, purpureo lineatis et punc- tatis. Lister’s Cowrery. Shell ovate, rather depressed, sides and extremities marginated and pitted, teeth rather strong, interstices deeply excavated ; back pale olive, ornamented with a very few white dots, and a few scattered unequal olive-brown spots; sides and base pale purple-violet, dashed and dotted with purple. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 507. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A beautiful species, and one of great rarity, well distin- guished by its peculiarity of colouring. 65% Sowerby, del et hth Cypraa [7 XVIL 30% Reeve Brothers, imp CYPRAA. Prate XVII. Species 84. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CypR#a PULICARIA. Cypr. testé subcylindraceo-oblongé, antice subdeclivi, latere dextro marginato, leviter con- tracto, apertura angustd, dentibus minutis ; pellucido- alba, vel luted, lateribus dorsoque punctis rubido-fuscis subconspicuis aspersis. Tae FLEA-sporrep Cowrny. Shell somewhat cylindri- cally oblong, somewhat steep anteriorly, right side marginated, slightly contracted, aperture narrow, teeth minute ; transparent white or yellowish, sides and back sprinkled with rather conspicuous reddish-brown dots. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. Hab. ? This is quite a distinct species from the Cyprea piperata with which I have frequently seen it mingled in collections ; it is of a smaller and more cylindrically oblong form and is not banded, whilst the dots are more conspicuous. Species 85. (Mus. Saul.) CyPR@HA EDENTULA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, in- flatd, spird plano-depressd, latere dextro marginato, pos- tice producto, apertura latiusculd, columella labroque edentulis ; albidd, dorso rubido-castaneo profuse picto, lateribus punctatis. Tue ToorHLess Cowrzny. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, inflated, spire flatly depressed, right side margi- nated, produced posteriorly, aperture rather wide, lip and columella toothless ; white, back profusely painted with reddish-chesnut, sides dotted. SowersBy, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreeadze, no. 102. Cypraa (Luponia) Algoensis, var. Gray. Hab. Southern Africa. This shell, of which I have examined numerous exam- ples, is specifically distinct from the Cyprea Algoensis with- out reference to the absence of teeth ; it is of a shorter and more inflated growth, and the back is more conspicuously bedaubed with chesnut colour. Species 86. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr#a Capensis. Cypr. testd ovatd, profundé umbili- catd, basi peculiariter depressd, lateribus conspicue mar- ginatis, extremitatibus precipue posticis productis, aper- turd semicirculari, columellé dorsoque liris rugeformi- bus parvis numerosissimis confertis superficiariis, labri dentes versus convergentibus tectis ; sordidé luteo-fus- cescente. THe Capp Cowrey. Shell ovate, deeply umbilicated, peculiarly depressed, sides conspicuously marginated, extremities, especially the posterior, produced, aperture crescent-shaped, columella and back covered with very numerous close-set small superficial wrinkle-like rid- ges, converging towards the teeth of the lip; dirty light yellowish-brown. Gray, Wood Index Testaceologicus Supp. pl. 3. f. 18. Cypraovula Capensis Gray. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. The ridges of this remarkable and, now, well-known spe- cies are of a curious superficial epidermal character, though converging round the lip with some solidity. Species 87. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr@®a Preerata. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatda, latere dextro marginato, dentibus parvis ; lutescente, dorso fasciis quaternis pallidé castaneis interruptis ornato, obscure minute punctato, lateribus punctatis. THE PEPPERED Cowrery. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, right side marginated, teeth small; yellowish, back ornamented with four interrnpted pale chesnut bands, obscurely minutely dotted, sides dotted. SonanpER, MSS.; Gray, Zool. Jounal vol. i. p. 498. Cyprea angustata var. (f. 2. 6.) Kiener. Hab. New Holland. The two central bands of this species are sometimes amalgamated into one of double width. It is of a more pyriform shape than that which I have distinguished by the new title of Cyprea pulicaria, and the painting and dotting are of quite a different character. Species 88. (Mus. Saul.) CypRM@A FUSCO-DENTATA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovaté, postice plano-depressd, subumbilicatd, marginibus sub- incrassatis, dentibus basem super rugoso-liratis, colu- mellé levigata ; lutescente aut sordidé albi, dentibus Suscis. January 1846. CYPRMA.—Ptate XVII. THE BROwN-TooTH CowREy. Shell somewhat pyriform- ly ovate, posteriorly flatly depressed, slightly umbili- cated, margins rather thickened, teeth rugose, ridged across the base, columella smooth ; yellowish or dirty white, teeth brown. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 499. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. No examples of this species appear to have come to hand in any better condition than that described more than twenty years ago by Mr. Gray, with the back entirely decorticated, but amply distinguished from any other at the base. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) CyPRMA sIMILis. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovata, ventri- cosi, postice plano-obtusd, crassiusculd, lateribus sub- marginatis, apertura latiusculd, dentibus exterioribus subdistantibus, basem versus partim elongatis, iterior- ibus parvis numerosis irregularibus confertis ; sordidé alba, fuscescente spiram versus indistincte sparsim ma- culato. THE SIMILAR Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, ventricose, posteriorly flatly obtuse, rather thick, sides slightly marginated, aperture rather broad, outer teeth somewhat distant, partially elongated across the base, inner small, numerous, irregular, close-set ; dead white, back indistinctly spotted here and there around the spire with pale brown. Gray, Zoological Miscellany p. 36. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. This is another remarkable shell from South Africa of which no other specimen has been seen. Like all the spe- cies from that locality figured in the accompanying plate, it is of an opake white, tinged with brown, without any porcellanous enamel. Species 90, (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprea ALGoErnsts. Cypr. testi oblongo-ovatd, posticé depressiusculd, latere deatro marginato, postice producto, apertura latiusculd, dentibus exterioribus subelongatis, interioribus parvis brevissimis ; lutescente-lacted, lateri- bus dorsoque rubido-fusco punctatis. Tue Atcoa Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depres- sed posteriorly, right side marginated, produced poste- riorly, aperture rather wide, outer teeth slightly elon- gated, inner small, very short ; yellowish cream-colour, sides and back dotted with reddish brown. Hab. Algoa Bay, South Africa. The inner teeth of this species are rarely represented by anything more than a row of granular nodules. Species 91. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRMA ANGUSTATA. Cypr. testé ovatd, incrassatd, late- ribus tumidiusculis, submarginatis, basi depressd, denti- bus parvis, precipue interioribus : dorso cinereo-fusco, lateribus albicantibus, punctis grandibus castaneis con- spicueé notatis, extremitatibus macula castaned utringue pictis, bast albd. THE STRAIGHTENED Cowreny. Shell ovate, thickened, sides rather swollen, slightly marginated, base de- pressed, teeth small, especially the inner ; back ashy brown, sides whitish, conspicuously marked with large chesnut brown dots, extremities painted on each side with a chesnut brown spot, base white. Hab. New Holland. Although a species comparatively not uncommon, the specimen here figured from the collection of Mr. Gaskoin is the only one I know that is not more or less worn, or un- coated. It has a bright enamelled porcellanous surface consisting of a layer of dark brown colouring matter, over- laid with a thin filmy coating of semi-opake cream colour. 9d yerby lel et hth Lh Cyprad PULXVIL Reeve Brothers, nmp CORR AA. Pirate XVIII. Species 92. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA FIMBRIATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus submarginatis, medio leviter contractis, basi plano-de- press, apertura anticé hiante, dentibus parviusculis ; albicante, dorso olivaceo-fusco minutissime lentiginoso, macula grandi centrali indistincta, extremitatibus ma- culd conspicud nigricante-violaced utrinque ornatis. THE FIMBRIATED CowRrkY. Shell oblong-ovate, sides some- what marginated, slightly contracted in the middle, _», base flatly depressed, aperture gaping anteriorly, teeth h ‘rather small; whitish, back very minutely freckled with olive brown, with a large indistinct central blotch, extremities onamented on both sides with a conspi- cuous dark violet spot. GMELIN Syst. Nat. p. 2423. ? Gray, Zool. Journal vol. 1. p- 383, Hab. Japan (under stones) Dr. Siebold. A species which is extremely variable in size, but always distinguishable by the dark violet spots on each side of the extremities. Species 93. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CyPRHA TERES. conspicue marginato, basi peculiariter depresso, extre- Cypr. testa elongato-ovatd, latere dextro mitatibus prominulis subrostratis, apertura angustd, dentibus minutis ; albicante, dorso maculis fuscescenti- bus undatis. THE TAPERING CowreEy. Shell elongately ovate, right side conspicuously marginated, peculiarly depressed at the base, extremities prominent, somewhat beaked, aperture narrow, teeth minute ; whitish, back painted with three bands of waved pale brown spots, right side dotted with brown. GMELIN ; Sowerby Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraeadie, no. 72. fe5G. Cyprea tabescens, var. Gray. Hab. ? T take this shell as the Cyprea teres of Gmelin on the authority of Mr. Sowerby, though it is somewhat doubtful ; it is, however, a species distinct from the C. tabescens, and one of great rarity. There are two specimens in the col- lection of Mr. Gaskoin. Species 94. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRMHA ALBUGINOSA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extremi- tatibus subobtusis, dentibus brevibus ; dorso fulvo, viola- ceo-fusco picto, ocellis, numerosis albis, fusco-annulatis, ornato, lateribus violaceis, purpureo punctatis, basi vio- laceo-alba. THE WHITE-EYED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi- ties rather obtuse, teeth short ; back fulvous, painted with violet-brown, ornamented with numerous white eyes encircled with brown rings, sides violaceous, dotted with purple, base violet-tinged white. Mawe; Gray, Zool. Jounal. vol. 1. p. 510. Hab. Califormia. A richly painted violet and brown shell, closely studded with white eyes encircled with brown rings which are mostly thicker on one side than the other. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR@A FLAVEOLA. natis et foveolatis, basi depressd, dentibus subelongatis ; dorso luteo-fusco, ocellis albis variis profuse ornatis, marginibus atro-fusco tinctis et punctatis, basi alba. THE YELLOWISH Cowrey. Shell oblong, sides margined and pitted, base depressed, teeth somewhat elongated ; back yellowish brown, profusely ornamented with white eyes of various sizes, margins stained and dotted with blackish brown, base white. Lryneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1179. (not of Born, or Lamarck.) Hab. ? Cypr. testa oblonga, lateribus margi- Very closely allied to the following species, but differing by its more straightly oblong form, and absence of black rings. Care must be taken not to confound this shell with the C. flaveola of Lamarck, which is the C. spurca, or the C. flaveola of Born, which is the C. rufa. Species 96. (Fig. a Mus. Cuming, Fig. 6. Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRMAGANGRENOSA. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovata, la- teribus marginatis et foveolatis, basi subplanulatd, den- tibus subelongatis ; dorso olivaceo, ocellis minutis albis, annulisque perpaucis fuscis ornato, extremitatibus atro- Susco tinctis, basi alba. January 1846. CYPR#A—Ptate XVIII. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma ziczac. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, umbili- caté, dentibus subelongatis ; dorso albicante, lineis flavescentibus undatis longitudinaliter ornato, lateribus basique rufo-aurantiis nigro vivide punctatis. THe z1GzAG Cowrny. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, umbilicated, teeth rather elongated; back whitish, ornamented with longitudinal zigzag yellow lines, sides and base reddish orange brightly dotted with black. Linnews, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177. Hab. Mozambique (under stones); Hennah. There is a beautiful variety of this ancient, though not abundant, species, in which the zigzag lines resolve them- selves into distinct bands. The base is very similar to that of the Cyprea lutea. Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@®a AsELLus. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, lateribus viv marginatis, dentibus subelongatis ; eburned, dorso fasciis tribus latis nigro-fuscis ornato. Tue LirtLe ass Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, sides very slightly margined, teeth a little elongated ; ivory white, back ornamented with three broad blackish-brown bands. Linyevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1178. Hab. West Indies. It is curious to observe that the very characteristic dark bands of this species are not deposited at the last ; they appear in all the earlier stages of growth winding round the columella, and in the adult are cut off, as it were, on each side by the superposition of a layer of ivory white. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@A PoRARIA. Cypr, testé subabbreviato-ovatd, cras- siusculd, lateribus subindistincte foveolatis, dentibus sub- elongatis ; extremitatibus obtusis ; fulod, dorso punctis albis numerosis, quibusdam fusco-annulatis, ornato, late- ribus basique purpureo-violaceis. THE porous Cowry. Shell shortly ovate, thick, sides rather indistinctly pitted, teeth a little elongated, ex- tremities obtuse; fulvous, back ornamented with numerous white dots some of which are encircled with brown rings, sides and base purple-violet. Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1180. Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming. The painting of this species is very similar to that of the Cyprea albuginosa, but it may always be distinguished by its more diminutive and stunted form. Cyproe PLXIX, CYPRAA., Prate XIX. Species 100. (Mus. Saul) CYPRHA NEGLECTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovata,ad extremi- tates subdeclivi, lateribus submarginatis, dentibus elon- gatis ; dorso ceruleo obscuré fasciato, punctis minutis Suscis maculaque grandi centrali, subquadraté, ornato, extremitatibus maculé nigra utrinque pictis, lateribus albis, nigro-punctatis, basi alba. THE NEGLECTED CowreEy. Shell oblong-ovate, steep at the extremities, sides slightly margined, teeth elonga- ted, back blue, obscurely banded, ornamented with minute brown dots and a large central square spot, extremities painted with a black spot on each side, sides white, dotted with black, base white. Sowersy. Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreadz no. 66. f. 12*. Has. Mauritius. Curiously intermediate between the Cypree stolida and hirundo, but quite distinct from either. Species 101. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr#a puNncTata. Cypr. testé ovata, dentibus parvis, interdum brevibus, interdum per basem subelongatis ; lac- ted, dorso punctis fuscis asperso, extremitatibus et den- tibus aureo-flavescentibus. THE porrep Cowregy. Shell ovate, teeth small, some- times a little elongated across the base; cream-colour, back sprinkled with brown dots, teeth and extremities golden yellow. Lryyevs Mantissa p. 548. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Cyprea atomaria, Gmelin. Cyprea stercus-muscarum, Lamarck. There appears to be two very distinct states of this spe- cies, one in which the teeth are yellow and extend parti- ally across the base, as represented in the accompanying fizure; the other in which the teeth are very fine, short and colourless. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPREA SANGUINOLENTA. Cypr. testé ovati, dentibus brevibus, interioribus subobscuris ; dorso cinereo-purpu- rascente fasciato, olivaceo parce lentiginoso, macula fuscé grandi centrali irregulari, lateribus purpureo punctatis. THE BLOOD-sPOTTED CowREY. Shell ovate, teeth short, the inner somewhat obscure ; back banded with ashy purple, sparingly freckled with olive, with a large irre- gular brown blotch in the centre, sides dotted with purple. GMELDY, Syst. Nat. p. 3406. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, Africa (under stones); Hennah. A well-defined species which, though not uncommon, is rarely found in fine condition. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPREA INTERRUPTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatéa, dentibus parcis ; dorso olivaceo-viridi lentiginoso, maculis ni- gricante-olicaceis subquadratis trifasciatim ornato, la- teribus basigue albis. THE INTERRUPTED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, slight- ly umbilicated, teeth small: back freckled with olive green, and ornamented with three bands of square dark olive spots, sides and base white. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 376. Hab. Ceylon. A species well distinguished by three interrupted bands of oblong-square spots. Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHZA HIRUNDO. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovata, dentibus sub- conspicuis ; dorso viridescente-ceruleo nebulato et fas- ciato, punctis fuscis minutis asperso, lateribus fusco- punctatis, extremitatibus maculé nigricante-fuscé utrin- que pictis, basi albida. THE swALLow Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, teeth rather conspicuous ; back clouded and banded with greenish blue, sprinkled with minute brown dots, sides dotted with brown, extremities painted on each side with a blackish-brown spot, base whitish. Lryxevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173. Had. Hastern Seas. According to M. Deshayes, Lamarck confounded the Cyprea felina, and probably one or two other species, January 1846. CYPRMA.—Prate XIX. with this. There is a marked variety of the C. hirwndo in which the blue painting is obsolete and the brown dots more conspicuous and numerous; the C. Owenii Sowerby, which name he afterwards cancelled. The C. wrsedlus of Gmelin is thought to be a worn specimen of the C. hirundo. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma FELINA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus sub- marginatis, bast depressiusculd, dentibus fortiusculis, subdistantibus ; dorso viridi-ceruleo, late trifasciato, punctis olivaceis ubique lentiginoso, lateribus flavicanti- bus, maculis nigris conspicue ornatis, bast flavicante. Tup cat Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, sides slightly mar- gined, base somewhat depressed, teeth rather strong ; back greenish-blue, disposed in three broad bands, freckled all over with olive dots, sides yellowish, conspicuously ornamented with black spots, base yellowish. Variety B (Fig. 6.) Testa abbreviata, gibbosa, dorso elevato. Shell shortened, gibbous, back elevated. Gray. Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 384. Variety 8. Cyprea fabula, Kiener. 2 Hab. The Variety 8 was specially noticed by Mr. Gray on his first introduction of the species in the Zoological Journal. Tt is a variation of growth common to many other species of the genus. Species 106. (Fig. @ Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 6 Mus. Saul.) CYPREA CLANDESTINA. Cypr. testd ovata, umbilicatd, den- tibus fortibus subconspicuis ; dorso incarnato-lacteo, obsolete trifasciato, lineis rufis exilissimis, hic illic an- gulatim convergentibus, transversim ornato, lateribus basique eburneis. THE CLANDESTINE Cowrey. Shell ovate, umbilicated, teeth strong, rather conspicuous ; back fleshy cream- colour, obsoletely three-banded, ornamented trans- versely with extremely faint red les converging here and there to a point, sides and base ivory-white. Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177. Cyprea moniliaris, Lamarck. Hab. Ceylon. The faint transverse red hair-lines, converging here and there to a point, form an extremely characteristic feature in this species. Species 107. (Mus. Saul,) CYPRHA QUADRIMACULATA. ovatd, utrinque attenuato-rostratd, dentibus subpromi- Cypr. testa subcylindraceo- nulis ; dorso pallidé cerulescente, olivaceo minutissimé lentiginoso, extremitatibus maculd nigricante-fuscd con- spicue ornatis, basi albd. THE FOUR-sPoTTeD Cowrny. Shell cylindrically ovate, attenuately beaked at each end, teeth rather promi- nent; back pale blue, very minutely freckled with olive, extremities conspicuously ornamented with a blackish brown spot on each side, base white. Gray, Zool. Journal. vol. 1. p. 377. Hab. ? Although the Cypree hirundo, cylindrica, and a few others are characterized by the appearance of two dark spots at each extremity, they have not the same conspicu- ons aspect as in the species under consideration, on account of the pale delicate colouring of the shell. The Cyprea quadrimaculata is moreover peculiarly distinguished by the attenuated growth of its extremities. EE —— Se Sow erby, del. et hth 110° Crprea Puy Reeve Brothers, imp: CYPRAA. Pratt XX. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHA VESICULARIS. Cypr. testd globoso-inflatd, tenui, subpellucidd, striis subtilibus elevatis, hic illic bifurcatis, creberrimé ornaté ; aperturé ampla, lata, labro denti- culato, denticulis subdistantibus ; pallidé pellucido- carned. THE vEsIcuLaATED Cowrzy. Shell globosely inflated, thin, somewhat transparent, very closely ornamented with fine raised strie, bifurcated here and there ; aperture large, wide, lip finely toothed, teeth rather distant ; pale transparent flesh-colour. Gaskotn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Lest this interesting little species may be taken for the young of the Cyprea oniscus, it may be observed that the dorsal strize are much more numerous and regular, whilst the denticulations of the outer lip are comparatively fewer in number. There is, moreover, no dorsal impression, and the striae terminate less abruptly on the columella. Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma costata. Cypr. testd globoso-oblongd, tenui, in- flata, subpellucida, latere dextro subincrassato ; striis subtilibus numerosis elevatis, raro interruptis, undique ornatd ; apertura amplé, latd; pallidée rosed, apice labroque albicantibus. THE RIBBED CowreEy. Shell globosely oblong, thin, in- flated, rather transparent, right side slightly thick- ened; ornamented throughout with numerous fine raised striz, rarely interrupted; aperture large, broad; pale rose, lip and apex whitish. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3418. no. 94. Cyprea (Trivia) carnea, Gray. Cyprea rosea, Wood, Kiener. Hab. ? I follow M. Deshayes in referring this species to the Cyprea costata of Gmelin; but he has erred in stating that M. Kiener has taken it for a variety of the Cyprea oniscus. Species 110. (Fig. a and 4 Mus. Walton. Fig. ¢ Mus. Saul.) CYPRHA LUTEA. Cypr.testd subpyriformi-ovatd, umbilicatd, lateribus marginatis, extremitatibus paululum reflexis ; dorso lacteo-ceruleo, punctis luteo-fuscis irregulariter nebulatis, profuse inquinato, lateribus extremitatibus basique luteis aurantiisve, nigricante-fusco punctatis, dentibus pallidioribus. THE YELLOW Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, umbilicated, sides margined, extremities a little re- flexed ; back milky blue, profusely bedaubed with ir- regularly clouded yellowish-brown dots, sides, extre- mities, and base, yellow or orange, dotted with dark brown, teeth paler. Variety B Fig. 110 e. Testa parva, dorso olivaceo-fuscescente, zonis duabus angustis lacteo-ceruleis. Shell small, back olive-brown, with two narrow milky blue zones, Gronovius, Zoophylacium, fase. 3. pl. xix. f. 17. Cyprea Humphreysii, Gray. Hab. ——? I quite agree with M. Deshayes in identifying this inter- esting and rare species with the Cyprea lutea of Gronovius; the figure in the ‘ Zoophylacium ’ is perhaps a little obscure for want of colour, but the description, though short, is sufficiently characteristic ;—“ testa umbilicata, supra fus- cescente albo-fasciata, subtus lutea punctis fuscis.” This well-known state of the shell must, however, be regarded as a variety, as we have it, in the collection of Mr. Walton, as represented at Fig. 110 a and 4, of larger size and ina much more perfect and elaborately painted condition. The whole of the dorsal surface is a clear milky blue profusely bedaubed with light brown splashes, cloud- ing one with the other. An intermediate state has been represented by Sowerby in the Conchological Illustrations f. 55, copied so inaccu- rately by Kiener as to exhibit a dot-banded character en- tirely foreign to the species. Species 111. (Mus. Saul.) Cyprma ontscus. Cypr. testa globoso-ovatd, valde inflaté, latere dextro incrassato ; striis elevatis aut vesiculis bifurcatis et rugatis ornatd, impressione levi dorsali centrali ; apertura ampld, latissind ; columella levi ; dorso rosaceo-carneo, basi albicante. February 1846. CYPRMHA.—Prate XX. THE woop-Louse Cowrey. Shell globosely ovate, very much inflated, right side thickened ; ornamented with bifureated and wrinkled raised striz or vesicles, with a smooth central dorsal impression ; aperture large, very wide; columella smooth, back pinkish flesh- colour, base whitish. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p- 541. Cyprea (Trivia) aperta, Gray. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Neither of the figures in Lister and Martini to which Lamarck refers for the illustration of this species can be possibly identified with his description. The former, as M. Deshayes has already shown, represents the C. radians, and there is very little doubt but that the latter is intended for the same species, to which the terms “ elobosa, inflata, albido-carnea, immaculata, ventre convex, apertura latis- simi” do not apply. They apply on the other hand with such peculiar accuracy to the species under consideration, it is strange the confusion has never been detected by English writers on the genus. | Hab. Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma ovuLA. Cypr. testd ovato-ventricosd, inflata, labro dextro incrassato ; undique laevigatd, dentibus interi- oribus minimis, apertura latissima ; nived, aut rosaceo pallidé tincta. Tur ovaL Cowrey. Shell ovately ventricose, inflated, right lip thickened; smooth throughout, inner teeth very small, aperture very wide; snowy white, or faintly tinged with pink. Laaarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p.533. Cyprea carnea var, Gray. P) Cyprea ovulata was the name first given to this shell by Lamarck, but finding, probably, that it had been already used by Gmelin in reference to the C. cervus, he dropped the last syllable for the sake of distinction, though both terms are sufficiently corrupt. The species is a very characteristic one, and may be easily recognised by its smooth surface. Cypraca [AE 747 118% 149 ; : ; Reeve Brothers um Sowerby, del. et ith i mo CYPRAA. Puate XXI. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@a SoLANDRI. lateribusque rotundatis, dorso medio impresso, utringue nodoso, costis e nodis divergentibus, dentibus exterioribus minutissimis ; cinereo-fusca. SOLANDER’s CowREY. base and sides rounded, back impressed down the middle, noduled on each side, with ribs diverging from the nodules, outer teeth very minute; ash- brown. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraade, no. 128. f. 43. Hab. California. Cypr. testa ovatd, subventricosd, basi Shell ovate, rather ventricose, This species may be easily distinguished from the Cy- prea radians by its minute row of outer teeth, there beng an intermediate one between each of those terminating the ribs: it is, moreover, distinct in form, being uni- formly smaller and more rounded at the base. Mr. Sowerby says “it is impossible to know which of the two is the zadians of Lamarck’; but I think Lamarck’s ex- pression “ lateribus dilatatis depressis, ventre plano ” fully decisive. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPREA ANNULATA. solidd, extremitatibus subrostratis, lateribus basique Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassé. y, | ? > rotundatis, apertura subfleeuosd, angustd, dentibus minutissimis, eburned, dorso maculis rotundis lateis saturate annulatis, irregulariter picto. THE RINGED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, solid, extremities somewhat rounded, aperture slightly flex- uous, narrow, teeth very minute, concavity of the columella deep ; ivory-white, back irregularly painted with round yellow spots encircled with rings of a deeper yellow. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 88. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming. Distinguished from all other species by its solid obesity and very characteristic style of painting. Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprea Cuinprent. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, undique transversin crebricostatd, basi subdepressd, apertura angusta, dentibus minutis, dorso medio extliter impresso, extremitatibus rostratis, infra carinato-alatis ; pallidé luteo-fuscescente, costis saturatioribus. CurLpren’s Cowrey. Shell cylindrically oblong, trans- versely closely ribbed throughout, base a little de- pressed, aperture narrow, teeth minute, back faintly impressed down the middle, extremities beaked, cari- nately winged beneath; pale yellowish brown, ribs darker. Gray, Zool. Jounal, vol. i. p. 518. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming. This is the only species at present known with the pe- culiar wing-like appendages, above described, at the base of the extremities. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR#A CICERCULA. peculiariter elevato, granuloso, medio sulco lineart im- Cypr. testa ovatd, turgidd, dorso presso, apertura angustd, dentibus subelongatis, extre- mitatibus rostratis, productis ; luted aut fulvo-albi- cante, dorso fusco irregulariter maculatd, lateribus fusco-punctatis, basi maculis quaternis castaneis con- spicue picta. Tp CHICK-PEA Cowrny. Shell ovate, turgid, back pe- culiarly elevated, granulous, impressed with a linear groove down the middle, aperture narrow, teeth rather elongated, extremities beaked, produced ; yel- low or fulyous white, back irrezularly blotched with brown, sides dotted with brown, base conspicuously painted with four chesnut spots. Linyavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1181. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming. The back of this species is peculiarly elevated and eranulous, whilst the base presents a characteristic feature in the four chesnut spots. Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.) CypR@A RADIANS. dilatatis, basi depressd, extremitatibus retusis, dorso medio latiusculé impresso, utrinque nodoso, costis e no- Cypr. testé rotundato-ovatd, lateribus dis divergentibus ; cinereo-fuscd, dorso macula nigrt- cante tincto. THE RADIATING CowrEY. Shell rotundately ovate, sides February 1846. CYPR#A.—Prate XXI. dilated, base depressed, extremities blunt, back rather broadly impressed down the middle, nodose on each side, with ribs diverging from the nodules ; ash-brown, back stained with a blackish blotch. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 540. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones); Cuming. Characterized by its depressed growth and dilated margin. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR®A GLOBULUS. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, dorso levi, sulco obsoleto aut nullo, apertura angusta, denti- bus subelongatis, extremitatibus rostratis, productis ; dorso fulvo-luteo, fusco subobscuré punctato, lateribus extremitatibusque rufo-aurantiis. THE LITTLE GLOBE Cowkgy. Shell cylindrically oblong, back smooth, dorsal groove obsolete or entirely want- ing, aperture narrow, teeth rather elongated, extremi- ties beaked, produced; back fulvous yellow, rather obscurely dotted with brown, sides and extremities reddish orange. Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1181. Hab. Kast Indies. Fully distinguishable from the Cyprea cicercula, to which it so nearly approximates in general appearance, by the absence of the dorsal groove, the granules, and the four chesnut spots of the base ; it is also of a more oblong cylindrical form. Species 119. (Mus. Saul.) Cypr@®a Mavcerim. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, latere dextro marginato, posticé subproducto, undique transversim creberrimé costatd, costis subirregulariter flexuosis, interstitiis scabriusculis, dorso medio lineari- impresso ; fulvo-rosaced, dorso maculdé grandi fusces- cente obscure tincto, latere dextro rosaceo. MaveeEr’s Cowrny. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, right side margined, a little produced posteriorly, transversely very closely ribbed throughout, ribs somewhat irregularly flexuous, interstices roughish, back impressed down the middle with a narrow groove ; fulvous rose colour, back obscurely stained with a large faint brown blotch, right side pink. Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadee, no. 111. f. 30. Hab, Gallapagos Islands; Cuming. An extremely delicate species of which the fine example here figured from the collection of Miss Saul is larger than any other specimen I have seen. Cypriea, FUNNIL. ni ieeve Jorctrers, ump CYPRAA. Pratr XXII. (All magnified to twice their length except Fig. 122 and 124.) Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.) SYPRHA GOODALLI. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus submarginatis, basi depressd, dentibus parvis ; nived, dorso macula grandi irregulari aurantio-fuscd picto, lateribus fusco-punctatis. JOODALL’s CowreyY. Shell oblong-ovate, sides slightly margined, base depressed, teeth small ; snowy white, painted with a large irregular orange-brown blotch, sides dotted with brown. TRAY ; Sowerby, Conch. Mus. Cypreade. no. 76. f. 16. Zab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacifie Ocean (on the sands) ; Cuming. A delicate snowy white shell conspicuously stained on he back with a large square irregularly reticulated bright range-brown blotch. Species 121. (Mus. Gaskoin.) YPREA CONTAMINATA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovati, lateribus submarginatis, dentibus parvis, extremitatibus subproductis, reflewis ; dorso carneo-fuscescente subob- sure fasciato, minutissime pallid? fusco-punctato, ma culd fuscd centrali, lateribus basique fusco conspicue punctatis. . HE DISTAINED Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, sides slightly margined, teeth small, extremi- ties rather produced, reflexed; back fleshy brown, obscurely banded, dotted with pale brown, with a central brown spot, base and sides conspicuously dotted with dark brown. RaY ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreade no. 96. f, 21. ‘ab. ? An interesting well-defined species in the collection of fr. Gaskoin of which Mr, Cuming also possesses an ex- ople. ee Species 122. (Mus. Brit.) (Natural size.) YPRHA GASKOINI. Oypr. testi subabbreviato-ovatd, so- ldiusculd, lateribus incrassatis, marginatis, dentibus Sortiusculis ; dorso Sulvo-stramineo, ocellis albidis. fus- co annulatis, parviusculis, sparsim ornato, lateribus cas- taneo-punctatis, basi alba. Gaskorn’s Cowrry. Shell somewhat shortly ovate, ra- ther solid, sides thickened, margined, teeth rather strong; back yellowish straw-colour, sparingly orna- mented with rather small white eyes, encircled with pale brown rings, sides dotted with chesnut, base white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1846. Hab. ° This interesting species of which I have seen two spe- cimens, one in the British Museum and one in the collec- tion of Mr. Gaskoin, partakes of the characters of the Cy- pree Cuningii and esontropia, bearing such a relation to the former as the latter does to the C. cribraria. The sides are stoutly thickened and spotted like the C. esontropia, and the back is covered with the same kind of small clear ringed eyes as the C. Cumingii. As the accompanying figure has rather a diminutive appearance in comparison with the surrounding species, it may be as well to call at- tention to the circumstance of the outer figures of this plate being considerably magnified, whilst the two in the centre are of the natural size. I dedicate it with a great deal of pleasure to J. S. Gaskoin Esq., a gentleman to whom we are much indebted not only for the liberal use of a collection of Cypree exhibiting almost every imagin- able variety of growth and colour of each species, but for his essential services in working out the small ribbed kinds which constitute Mr. Gray’s genus Trivia. , Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPRHA MARGARITA. Cypr. testd Pyriformi-ovatd, late- ribus submarginatis et foveolatis, extremitatibus rostra- tis, productis, apertura subflexosd, angusta, dentibus parvis ; pallide stramined; dorso océllis albis grandibus parvisque, lined dorsali pallidd fleauosé, profuse or- nato, basi eburned, immaculata. THE PEARL Cowrny. Shell pyriformly ovate, sides shghtly margined and pitted, extremities beaked, pro- duced, aperture rather flexuous, narrow, teeth small ; pale straw-colour, back profusely ornamented with large and small white eyes, with a pale flexuous dor- sal line, base ivory white, unspotted. SoLanpDER; Gray, Zool. Journal vol. iv, p. 87. February 1846. CYPRM#A.—Puarte XXII. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming. This extremely delicate and graceful species appears to have been known to ‘old Humphrey’ as ‘The pearl-porcelain Cowrey’. The peculiarity in its style of painting is that there are two distinct systems of spots of different magni- tude, which are not encircled with rings. Species 124. (Mus. Gaskoin.) (Natural size.) CYPR@A CINEREA. Cypr. testa ovato-ventricosd, interdum oblonga, lateribus subincrassatis, dentibus breviusculis ; dorso cinereo-fusco, trifasciato, punctis oblongis atris interdum longitudinaliter picto, lateribus carneis, punc- tis atris numerosis peculiariter confuse inquinatis, basi flavicante, dentium interstitits roseo-carneis. THE asH Cowrey. Shell ovately ventricose, sometimes oblong, sides rather thickened, teeth rather short ; back ash-brown, three-banded, sometimes longitudi- nally painted with jet black oblong dots, sides flesh- tinged, peculiarly confusedly stamed with numerous jet black dots, base yellowish, interstices between the teeth pinkish flesh-colour. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3402. Eadem, Cyprea sordida Lamarck. Hab. West Indies (under stones) ; Guilding. The black-dotted painting which so strongly character- this species is perhaps less constant than the pinkish flesh- colouring between the columellar teeth, of which I have invariably noticed indications where the first-mentioned character was wanting. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr®a Becxir. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, lateri- bus submarginatis et foveolatis, eatremitatibus subros- tratis et refleris, apertura subflecuosd, dentibus parvis, Sortiusculis ; fulvd, dorso ocellis grandibus parvisque albis ornato, ocellis grandibus castaneo pupillatis, late ribus castaneo-punctatis, basi ad dentes exteriores cas taneo lineo-punctata. Brcx’s Cowrry. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, side slightly margined and pitted, extremities a littl beaked and reflexed, aperture rather flexuous, teet! small, rather strong; fulvous yellow, back orna mented with large and small white eyes, of which th large are pupilled with chesnut, sides dotted wit! chesnut, linearly dotted at the outer teeth with ches nut brown. Gaskoln, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. The C. Beckii approximates very closely in form to th C. margarita, and like that species it has two distinct size of white eyes ; it differs, however, in having the range « larger spots pupilled with chesnut brown, the sides dotte with chesnut-brown, and the outer teeth each marked o the base with a chesnut-brown linear dot. In a specime kindly remitted to me by M. Deshayes the form is les pear-shaped and the extremities more obtuse. Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@a rrRoraTa. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, lateriln submarginatis, basi depresso-pland ; dorso pallide pu pureo-cerulescente, obscure fasciato, punctis numerosi Sulvo-fuscis, latera versus saturatioribus, copiose a sperso, bast albidd, immaculatd. THE BEDEWED Cowrzy. Shell ovately oblong, sid slightly margined, base depressly flattened; bac pale purple-blue, obscurely banded, copiously sprin] led with fulvous brown spots which are darker in lour towards the sides, base whitish, unspotted. SoLanDER; Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 80. Hab. Blzabeth Island (on the sands) ; Cuming. It would be difficult to confound this with any oth species, so peculiar is it both in form and style of louring. Cyproa, Pl. ANH. 130 Qi ¢ CYPRAA. Prats XXIII. (All magnified to twice their natural length). Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR@A SANGUINEA. Cypr. testa ovata, dorso elevato, late- ribus dilatatis, radiatine costata, impressione dorsali viv nulla ; nigricante-purpureo-fuscd, dorso maculd san- guined, utrinque albida, medio tincto. THE BLOOD-STAINED Cowrey. Shell ovate, back ele- vated, sides dilated, radiately ribbed, with scarcely any dorsal impression, blackish purple-brown, back stained in the middle with a blood-red spot, whitish on each side. Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. us. Cypreeade, no. 115. f. 32. Trivia sanguinea, Gray. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones) ; Cuming. A very dark purple-brown shell with a blood-stain, whit- ish at each end, in the middle. Species 128 (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr#a Catirornica. Cypr. testd ovatd, subglobosd, lateribus via dilatatis ; undique costatd, costis subdis- tantibus, impressione dorsali vix nulla ; purpureo-fuscd, dorso medio pallido, dentibus albidis. Tue CaLrrorntan Cowrey. Shell ovate, rather glo- bose, sides scarcely dilated ; ribbed throughout, rihs rather distant, with scarcely any dorsal impression ; purple-brown, back pale in the middle, teeth whitish. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. ii. p. 365. Trivia Californica, Gray. Hab. California. Distinguished from the preceding species by its smaller and more rounded form, whilst the ribs are stouter and wider apart. Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr®a Europma. Cypr. testd ovatd, subventricosd, latere dextro submarginato ; transversim unidique cre- bricostatd, impressione dorsali nulla ; carneo-fulvd, Susco, precipue prope apicem, sparsim maculata, basi alba. Tur Evroe®an Cowrey. Shell ovate, somewhat ven- tricose, right side slightly margined; transversely closely ribbed throughout, with no dorsal impression, flesh-tinged fulvous, sparingly spotted, especially near the apex, with brown, base white. Montacu, Testacea Britannica, Supp. p. 88. Cyprea coccinella, Lamarck. Trivia Europea, Gray. Varietas pallida immaculata. Cyprea arctica, Montagu. Testa juvenis pellucida. Cyprea bullata, Montagu. Hab. Shores of Britain, &c. The spots of this well-known species are very undefined ; it may, however, be observed, that it is generally most deeply stained in the vicinity of the apex. Species 130. (Mus Gaskoin.) CypR#A LaBiosa. Cypr. testd rotundato-ovatd, subde- press, lateribus dilatatis et marginatis, extremitatibus retusis ; dorso medio sulcato, utrinque nodoso, costis Sortiusculis, subdistantibus, e nodis divergentibus ; dorso carneo-fuscescente, maculis sents nigricantibus ornato, lateribus basique cinereo-fuscis, costis albicantibus. THE FULL-LIPPED Cowrey. Shell rotundately ovate, rather depressed, sides dilated and margined, extre- mities retuse, back grooved down the middle, noduled on each side, with rather strong and somewhat dis- tant ribs diverging from the nodules; back fleshy brown, ornamented with six dark spots, sides and base ash-brown, ribs whitish. GaskoIN, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. Fab. ? Tam rather inclined to think, with M. Gaskoin, that this shell is distinct from the C. pediculus ; without reference to its more depressly dilated form and difference of colour, the ribs are much fewer in number, and developed with greater force and regularity. Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.) CyPpR#A PEDICULUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, subventricosd, lateribus submarginatis, dorso medio sulcato, utringue noduloso, costis subtiliusculis numerosis e nodulis diver- gentibus ; carneo-albicante, fucescente, precipue ad February 1846. CYPRM#A.—Ptate XXIII. latera, marmorata et punctatd, dorso maculis senis ni- gricantibus ornato. Tur Louse Cowrey. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, sides slightly margined, back grooved down the mid- dle, nodulous on each side, with numerous rather fine ribs diverging from the nodules; fleshy white, marbled and dotted, especially towards the sides, with pale brown, back ornamented with six black blotches. Linnews, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1180. Cyprea sulcata, Dillwyn. Trivea pediculus, Gray. Hab. West Indies. Linneus may have confounded two or three species under this head, but I think his specific name should be reserved for that which is without doubt the type of the group. Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@A FoRMOSsA. Cypr. testé globosd, tenui, subinflata, latere dextro submarginato, undique transversim creber- rime tenuicostatd ; roseo-albicante, sericeo-nitente, dor- so carneo-fuscescente pallidissimeé tincto, basi alba. THE BEAUTIFUL Cowrey. Shell globose, thin, rather in- flated, right side slightly margined, transversely very closely finely ribbed throughout ; pinkish white, shining like silk, back very faintly stained with fleshy brown, base white. GaskotIn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. A very characteristic species distinguished from the C. Europea by its globose and more inflated growth and finer ribs, whilst there is a marked peculiarity in the delicacy of its colouring. Species 133. (Mus. Saul.) CYPREA DEPAUPERATA. Cypr. testé suborbiculari, de- pressd, lateribus dilatatis, subincrassatis, extremitatibus retusis, dentibus subtilibus, dorso medio lineari-sulcato, costis subdistantibus utringue divergentibus ; pallide cinereo-fusca, immaculata, basi carneo-tincta, THE IMPOVERISHED Cowrey. Shell nearly orbicular, depressed, sides dilated, rather thickened, extremities retuse, teeth fine, back linearly grooved down the middle, with rather distant ribs diverging on each side ; pale ash-brown, unspotted, base flesh-tinged. SoweErBy, Conch. Illus. Cypreade, no. 130. f. 49. Hab. » Allied to the C. radians, but differing in that the dorsal groove is perfectly linear, without nodules on either side ; and it is of a paler ash colour. T3544 135 130. 159 Sowerby del « Lith Cyprwa, PL_XXIN. Vincent Brooks Imp CYPRAA. Prats XXIV. (All magnified to twice their natural length.) Species 134. (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprma Fusca. Cypr. testdé ovata, latere dextro subin- crassato, transversim undique costatd, costis tenuibus impressione dorsali obsoletd ; undique fusca. THE BROWN Cowrey. Shell ovate, right side slightly thickened, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs fine, with an obsolete dorsal impression; brown throughout. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadee, no. 120. f. 37. Trivea fusca, Gray. Hab. Gallapagos Islands, and Bay of Guayaquil; Cuming. There is some character in the colouring of this species, it being of an uniform dull brown without any tinge of that dark crimson which is so conspicuous in the C. sanguinea. Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) Cypr@a ADAMSONII. Cypr. testé Ovuliformi, solidiusculd, latere dextro crasso, marginato ; transversim undique crebricostatd, costis levibus, extremitatibus subrostratis, productis ; albd, aurantio-fusco conspicue maculata. Apamson’s Cowrey. Shell Ovulum-shaped, rather solid, right side thick and margined ; transversely closely ribbed throughout, ribs smooth, extremities shghtly beaked, produced; white, conspicuously blotched with orange-brown. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypraade, no. 107. f. 7. Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. An extremely characteristic species and the nearest ap- proach in form to the genus Ovulum. Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma NivEa. Cypr. test globosi, extremitatibus valde obtusis, transversim undique costatd, costis angustis, corrugatis, subprominentibus, dorso sulco lineari im- presso ; pellucido-alba. THE sNow-wHITE Cowrey. Shell globose, extremities very obtuse, transversely ribbed throughout, mbs narrow, wrinkled, rather prominent, back impressed with a linear groove ; transparent white. Gray; Zool. Journal. vol. iii. p. 369. Hab. P This species has a peculiar globose form, very like that of a coffee-berry. M. Kiener has figured a C. nivea for the C. scabriuscula of Gray, which is Lamarck’s C. oryza. Species 137. (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprm@a propucta. Cypr. testd ovatd, lateribus subdila- tatis, extremitatibus peculiariter productis, basi depressa, columella acutanguld ; transversim undique tenuicos- tat, impressione dorsali nulla ; albd. THE PRODUCED Cowrey. Shell ovate, sides a little dilated, extremities peculiarly produced, base de- pressed, columella sharp-angled; transversely finely ribbed throughout, with no dorsal impression; white. GaskoIN, Pro, Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 200. Hab. ? A white shell of very peculiar form, approximating nearest to that of the brown Cyprea sanguinea. Species 138. (Mus. Saul.) CYPRMA AUSTRALIS. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovata, tenuiculd, paululum inflata, apice subconspicuo, latere dextro mar- ginato ; transversim undique tenuissime costatd, costis supra levibus, subobsoletis, impressione dorsali nulla, apertura subampla ; albidd, dorso maculis fuscescenti- bus grandibus duabus vel tribus subirregulariter picto, extremitatibus roseis. THE souTHERN Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, a little inflated, apex rather conspicuous, right side marginated; transversely very finely ribbed throughout, ribs smooth above, rather obsolete, with no dorsal impression, aperture rather wide ; whitish, somewhat irregularly painted with two or three light brown blotches, extremities tinged with rose. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.545. Trivia australis, Gray. Hab. New Holland. Distinguished by its colouring and light inflated growth. Species 139. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CyPREHA MICRODON. Cypr. testd subelongato-ovatd, plano- umbilicatd, antice subattenuatd et rostrata, lateribus marginatis, basi depressd, apertura flecuosd, dentibus brevibus minutis ; albd, dorso lineis undatis aurantio- fuscis concinné trifasciato, extremitatibus utringue ro- Seis. THE SMALL-TooTtH CowreEy. Shell somewhat elongately ovate, flatly umbilicated, anteriorly rather attenuated and beaked, sides margined, base depressed, aperture flexuous, teeth minute; white, encircled with three February 1846. CYPRM#A.—Ptate XXIV. neat bands of waved orange-brown lines, extremities tipped on each side with pink. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 71. Hab. Isle of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. Care should be taken not to confound a small variety of the C. fimbriata with this species, which is distinguished from it by its attenuated form, minute teeth and pecu- liarity of colouring. Species 140. (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprea oryza. Cypr. testé ovatd, latere dextro vix marginato, transversim undique tennissime costatd, cos- tarum interstitiis peculiariter scabris, impressione lineart dorsali ; nived. THE RICE-GRAIN CowrEY. Shell ovate, right side scarcely margined, transversely very finely ribbed throughout, interstices between the ribs peculiarly rough, with a linear dorsal impression ; snowy white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.543. Cyprea scabriuscula, Gray. Varietates ? Cyprea hordacea and intermedia, Kiener. Hab. Isle of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. Of a rounded oblong oval form, the ribs being very fine, and the interstices of a peculiarly roughish character. ” or 7 Up) LA . 4h IAS owerly del et hth o CYPRAA. PuaTe XXV. (All magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 141. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CypRHA RUBESCENS. Cypr. testd globoso-ovaté, latere dextro incrassato, marginato, transversim undique tenui- costatd, columelld concavit, acutanguld, impressione dorsali nulla ; rubescente vel pallidé rosed, basi albi- cante. THe REDDISH CowreEy. Shell globosely ovate, right side thickened, margined, transversely finely ribbed throughout, columella hollow, sharp-angled, with no dorsal impression ; pale red or pink, base whitish. Gray; Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 185. Hab. Galapagos Islands (under stones); Cuming. The C. rubescens is rather a solid shell than otherwise. Species 142. (Mus. Cuming.) CypR#A suFFUSA. Cypr. test oblongo-ovatd, latere dew- tro extremitatibusque marginatis, transversim undique tenuicostatis, costis vie granosis, sulco dorsali con- spicuo ; roseo-albicante, costis fusco promiscue varie- gatis et punctatis, extremitatibus roseis, basi albida. THE SPRINKLED Cowrey. Shell rather oblong-ovate, right side and extremities slightly thickened and margined, transversely finely ribbed throughout, ribs scarcely granose, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ; pinkish-white, ribs promiscuously variegated rl dotted with brown, extremities pink, base whitish. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeade, no. 126. f. 41. C; ypraea armandina, Duclos. Hab. Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming. Distinguished by the sprinkled brown painting of the ribs. Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprea Pactrrica. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovata, latere deatro submarginato, extremitatibus leviter productis, basi de- pressd ; transversim undique costatd, costis tenuibus sub- corrugatis, sulco dorsali conspicuo ; dorso pallide cine- reo aut fuscescente, punctis maculisque fuscis ad utrum- que latus sulci dorsalis alternantibus suffuso, extremita- tibus roseis, basi albicante. Tur Pactric Cowrry. Shell oblong-ovate, right side slightly margined, extremities a little produced, base depressed, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs fine, rather wrinkled, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ; pale ash or ¥ery light brown, back suffused aah brown dots and spots alternating on each side the dorsal groove, extremities pink, base whitish. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. Hab. Gallapagos Talanids (under stones) ; Cuming. Well characterized by the alternating spots. Species 144. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CypRma PULEX. Cypr. testd ovatd, latere dextro submar- ginato, transversim undique subtilissime costatd, costis supra levibus vel obsoletis, impressione dorsali vie nulla; dorso cinereo-fusco, lateribus basigue albis. Tu FLEA Cowrey. Shell ovate, right side a little mar- gined, transversely very finely ribbed throughout, ribs smooth or obsolete at the top with scarcely any dorsal impression ; back ashy brown, sides and base white. Sotanper, MSS.; Gray, Zool. Journ., vol. iii. p- 368. Hab. Mediterranean. This well-known species exhibits a great deal of charac- ter in the smoothness of the dorsal ribs. Species 145. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRHA RUBINICOLOR. Cypr. test globoso-ovaté, cras- siusculd, latere dextro incrassato marginato, extremita- tibus obtuso-productis, transversim undique costatd, costis tenuissimis impressione dorsali nulld ; ned, extremitatibus pulchre roseo-rubris. THE RED-coLOURED Cowrey. Shell globosely ovate, rather thick, right side thickened, margined, extre- mities obtusely produced, transversely ribbed thr ough- out, ribs very fine, with no dorsal impression ; pinkish flesh-colour, extremities prettily tinged with rose-red. Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835. Hab. TOS€O-Car- This is without doubt a very distinct species; it may have somewhat the form of the @. sanguinea, but in colour and in the structure of the ribs it is quite dissimilar. Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPR#A QUADRIPUNCTATA. Cpr. testa rotundato-ovatd, extremitatibus obtusis, transversim undique subtilissime costatd, sulco lineari dorsali ; pellucido-rosed, dorso punctis rubidis quaternis conspicuis, quarum duabus ad utrumque latus sulci dorsalis alternantibus, ornato. THe FouR-porrep Cowrery. Shell rotundately ovate, extremities obtuse, transversely very finely ribbed, with a linear dorsal groove ; transparent rose, back ornamented with four conspicuous red dots, two on each side the dorsal groove, alternating one with the other. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iii. p- 368. Cyprea rotunda, Kiener. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Easily distinguished by the four dorsal red dots. February 1846. ly pra 148 6 150 4 CYPRAA. Pirate XXVI. Species 147. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRHA SUBROSTRATA. Cypr. testi rotundato-ovatd, la- tere dextro marginato, extremitatibus obtuso-rostratis ; transversim subtilissime costatd, suleo dorsali subcon- spicuo ; unidique nigricante-fuscd. THE SLIGHTLY-BEAKED Cowrey. Shell rotundately ovate, right side margined, extremities obtusely beaked ; transversely very finely ribbed, with a rather conspl- cuous dorsal groove ; blackish brown throughout. Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iii. p. 363. Hab. P A dark chocolate-brown species distinguishable by its rounded form and slightly beaked extremities. Species 148. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CyPR#A TREMEZA. Cypr. test ovatd, extremitatibus sub- attenuatis et rostratis ; transversim subtiliter costatd ; alba, roseo vivide variegatd et maculatd. THE ROSE-sporrEep Cowrry. Shell ovate, extremities, somewhat attenuated and beaked ; transversely finely ribbed; white, stained and variegated with bright rose. Ductos, Magasin de Zoologie, 1833. Cyprea exigua, Gray. Hab. West Indies ; Duclos. An extremely characteristic species, delicately painted with rich rose-pink. Species 149. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPRHA NAPOLINA. Cypr. testa ovaté, latere dextro in- crassato, marginato, extremitatibus subproductis ; trans- versim undique costatd, costis crebris, subobesis, sulco dorsali nullo ; albé, dorso pallidissime fuscescente, ma- culis duabus tribusve cinereo-nigricantibus exvilissimed tincto. THE FAINTLY-sporrep Cowrey, Shell ovate, right side thickened, margined, extremities a little produced, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs close-set, rather stout, without any dorsal groove ; white, back very pale brown, stained with two or three faint ashy-black spots. Ductos ; Kiener, Icon. Cog. viv. pl. 53. f. 3. Hab. Senegal. There is a peculiarity in the colouring of this species which, carefully observed, serves amply to distinguish it from the C. Europea, with which it is nearly allied. Species 150. (Mus. Saul.) CyPR®A PULLA. Cypr. testd rotundo-ovatd, subventricosd, extremitatibus subobtusis ; transversim subtiliter costata, sulco dorsali nullo ; nigricante-fusca. THE BROWN-coLOURED Cowrry. Shell ovate, slightly ventricose, extremities, a little obtuse, transversely finely ribbed, with no dorsal groove ; dark reddish brown. Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. Hab. ? Very like the C. subrostrata, but upon examination it will be found to be rather more oblong in form, and with- out any distinct dorsal groove; the colour is also of a more transparent character. Spectes 151. (Fig. 151 and 154, Mus. Gaskoin.) CYPR®A CANDIDULA. Cpr. testd globoso-ovati, lateribus subdilatatis, margine incrassatis ; transversim undique costatd, costis fortibus, subconspicuis ; nived. THE LITTLE WHITE Cowrny. Shell globosely ovate, sides somewhat dilated, thickened at the edge ; trans- versely ribbed throughout, ribs strong, rather con- spicuous ; snowy white. Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835. Hab. Mexico. This interesting little species may be distinguished by the forcible character of the ribs; as a proof of its specific importance Mr. Gaskoin relates the circumstance of it having been almost simultaneously described in two other cities of Europe, in Paris by M. Duclos under the name of C. olorina, and in Copenhagen by Dr. Beck wnder that of C. approximans. March 1846. CYPRHA.—Prate XXVI. Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.) Cyprma GLoBosa. Cypr. testd peculiariter globosd, trans- versim costatd, sulco lineari dorsali conspicuo ; nived. THE GLOBOSE CowrzyY. Shell peculiarly globose, trans- versely ribbed, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ; snowy white. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadze, no. 117. Cyprea pilula, Kiener. Hab. > The globose pea-like form of this species, the smallest of the genus, is truly characteristic. Species 153. (Mus. Gaskoin.) CyPRHA PELLUCIDULA. subattenuatis et rostratis, transversim undique costatis, costis tenuibus, subirregularibus, sulco dorsali nullo ; nived. THE RATHER-PELLUCID Cowrny. Shell ovate, extremi- ties somewhat attenuated and beaked, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs fine, rather irregular, with no dorsal groove ; snowy white. Gaskotn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Oypr. testa ovatd, eatremitatibus Hab. South Pacific. A new snowy white species approximating in form to the ©. tremeza; it differs, however, in being rather more gibbous, and in having a greater number and finer ribs, without any dorsal impression. Species 154. (Mus. Gaskoin.) Cyprma Pisum. Cypr. testé globosd, ventricosd, latere dextro subincrassato ; transversim undique costata, costis numerosis, angustis, prominentibus, sulco dorsali sub- conspicuo ; carneo-fuscescente. Tur pea Cowrezy. Shell globose, ventricose, right side rather thickened, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs numerous, narrow, prominent, with a rather conspicuous dorsal groove ; pale fleshy brown. GaAskOIN, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Kast Indies. A very distinct and characteristic species, approaching nearest in general aspect to the C. formosa, for which I have been indebted to Mr. Gaskoin since the accompanying plate was engraved. The shell represented at Fig. 154 is the C. candidula. GQpred,. wad 5b Sowerby del et lith ( Testas jeyene ) Fncent Brooks CYPRAA. Pirate XXVII. So different is the appearance presented by the Cypree in an early stage of growth to that which they assume at a more advanced period, that I have thought it necessary to figure a few of the most interesting species during the Bulla-like state of their existence; that is, when the colu- mella shows itself most distinctly to be the axis of growth, and before the outer lip is inflexed or exhibits any indica- tion of teeth. As of form, so also are there differences of colour and design ; and the changes in both instances are very dissimilar. The following series includes some of the most remarkable. Cyprma Mavritiana. Fig.l c. Pale buff brown, en- circled with three broad bands of darker brown clouded waves, the waves of the posterior band striking out of the suture ; columella white ; interior pale purple. Spire acuminated. Cyprma arcus. Fig. 8 6. Pale yellowish fawn colour, encircled with three or four narrow enlarging bands, very irregularly stained here and there with oblong- square spots of which there are no traces in the adult ; columella white. Spire peculiarly flattened. Cypr#a Scortit. In its first state (Fig. 106 and c) a pure bright uniform milky orange, with the columella ivory-white ; it then assumes a blueish tinge disposed in obscure bands, and begins to show (Fig. 10 d) a few bright tortoise-shell brown blotches, as exhibited in the adult, before there is the slighest inflexion of the lip, or any indication of teeth. This is an ar- rangement different to that of most of the Cowries, in which the teeth are chiefly developed before there is any appearance of the spotted pattern with which the adult is ornamented. Spire prominent. Cyprma Tiers. In its first state (Fig. 12c) a clear rather dark chesnut brown, encircled with faintly shaded bands, with the columella white; the chesnut coating then disappears by a superincumbent layer of cream coloured enamel, encircled with five bands of close set oblong blueish-brown spots (Fig. 12 2), splashed irregularly with clouded stains of yellowish brown. Spire rather depressed. CYPR@A EXANTHEMA, Fig. 16 6. An uniform fawn brown, encircled with five broad bands of a darker colour, no appearance of spots, waves, or any description of marking; interior rich purple; columella white. Spire acuminated. Cypr#a caRNEOLA. Fig. 19. Colour and bands exactly as in the adult ; columella white. March 1846. + eng Wy, r ; dy hee hk iv oe ig oq oa Jc ae oe achatidea, Sowerby............ achatina, Solander............ acicularis, Gmelin ...........- INGEWIRGTIN, Orel? Capcdcsoueaee adusta, Lamarck ........ albuginosa, Mawe ............ INMROMENE, Cr oosocacenoaeaas amethystea, Linneeus .......... angustata, Gray.............- annulata, Gray .............. annulus, Linneus...........- CIGD ETEN) GSac nb onnoeauDee Arabica, Zinngus ..........-. Arabicula, Lamarck........... aoctica, Montara. «2... -~ -- ALENOSAS GTAYi es --- Wpiltula, KAMEN) ees ee = = piperata, Solander .........--- pisum, Gaskoin ......++++-+-- plumbea, Gmelin........---+- poraria, Linne@us ........-++-- princeps, Gray ....--..+-++-- producta, Gaskoim........--+- pulchella, Seoainson ......-.--- pulchra, Gray.....---++--+-: pulex, Solander.......--.++-- pulicaria, UDO tae be, ee ee pulla, Gaskoin ......--+++--++ punctata, Linneus....-..+++-- punctulata, Gray......------- pustulata, aman chieee eisai pyriformis, Gray.......-.---- pyrum, Gmelin......--+-+0+s quadrimaculata, Gray......--- quadripunctata, CHUM] oanadodes radians, Lamarck .......++-+++- rattus, Lamarck.......-.------ Reevei, Gray ......-------->: reticulata, Martyn .......-++-- rosea, Wood ......:--------- rotunda, Kiener........------ rubescens, Gray .....---+--+ rubiginosa, Gmelin .....-.-+-- rubinicolor, Gaskoin .......-++ rufa, Lamarck .....-.-+ +--+ sanguinea, Gray ....-+++++++- sanguinolenta, Gmelin ....--.- Saulee, Gaskoin .....+---++--- scabriuscula, Gray ..-..++-++++- Seottii, Broderip .....--+-+-505 scurra, Chemnitz ......------- SUmIlis, Gray... = Solandri, Gray .....-----+-++- sordida, Lamarck .......----- Sowerbyi, Avener.....-- 2-250 spadicea, Swaiwson...--+-+++-- spurea, Linne@us....-+++++ +++ squalina, Gmelin ...-..--++++- staphyleea, Linneus...-.++++-> stercoraria, Limv@us......++++ Plate. XU. Ui. XXIII. XXVI. XI. Xi. XXVI. XVI. XXVI. I. XVIII. VI. XXIV. XIV. XXV. ive XXII. XIX. XIV. XXIV. Species. 54 7 131 153 47 57 152 stercus-muscarum, Lamarck ... . . XIX. 101 trifasciata, Gmelin ........... Stolida; JAnneus ........00055 XIV. 67 turdusy Lamarck...) 5042 sujjava, Gmelm.........2--. XID. 56 umbilicata, Sowerby .......... Subrostrata, Gray ...........-. XAVI 147 andotae amar CK ee BHDVINIGIS, MECE 4. .22-- saan. MED. 48 Vialentidie PEryi tree eee BMHUSOM GITOY: cs aca aine © «1 < steis XXV. 142 coneliambinneusie wee eee Suicata, Dillwyn ...........-. XXIII. 131 variolaria, Lamarck .......... sulcidentata, Gray............ VIII. 29 ventriculus, Lamarck.......... tabescens, Solander........... XIV. 66 vesicularis, Gaskoin .......... falpa, Minn@us .....2.5.+-5.- ID. 5 vitellus, Iinmeus ............. janes, Gig@dapeo vest oosecace | 2 MUUL 93 WEN, Cogs odlbncadane He tessellata, Swainson........... XII. 53 EMUMOG ON, CHM ooogedccccaas testudinaria, Linneus.......... IIL. 9 Aptis WINE NS, 66 oo soc co ab ae tigrina, Lamarck . Ill. 7 ziczac, Linneus .............- BIPMIS URNNCUS) Ge ca es nee LV), 12 zonata, Chemnitz............. BreMme Za DUClOS ay tae. | ACV LE 148 EUs (EVEN 3 eee bo LE 6d OF CYPRAA. ERRATA. Plate 1. p- 2,—for ©. aurora, read C. aurantium. Species 3, C. RETICULATA,—add as synonyme C. maculata, Barnes. Species 20, C. princers.—A report has just reached me from Lyons that a second specimen of this remarkable shell has been received from the Red Sea, and deposited in the Museum of that city ; I cannot, however, vouch for the correctness of it at present. Species 90, C. ALGOENSIS,—add authority, Gray, Zool. Journal, vol, i. p- 498. Species 91, C. ancusrara,—add authority, Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p- 497. Species 96, C. gangrenosa,—add authority, SotanpErR, MSS., Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 503. Species, wownwan es wowed w=) ee 108 iv Wii : f MONOGRAPH baer Oo Lal s: “Tn all the liveries deck’d of summer’s pride, With spots of gold and purple, azure and green ; Or in their pearly shells at ease, attend Moist nutriment, or under rocks their food.”— Milton. iS. 3 “ee y FR Ae uh he: ¥* _ a 'g yy iz 7 i Hatiotus 72 [ EAR OMEIGS!: Prats I. Genus Hatrortts, Linneus. Testa ovata, auriformis, planata, spird pared, brevissimd, la- terali, peculiariter depressa ; intus margaritacea, pul- cherrime prismatica, extus rugoso-costata aut corrugata, raro levi, latere sinistro plus minusve angulato, fora- minum serie reguiari ad angulum perforato, nonnullis perviis; labro sinistro inflexo, planulato, dextro simplici ; aperturé amplissima, propatuld. Shell ovate, ear-shaped, flat, spire small, very short, lateral, peculiarly depressed; pearly and very beautifully prismatic within, roughly ribbed or wrinkled without, rarely smooth, left side more or less angulated, per- forated along the angle by a regular series of holes, some of which are open; left lip inflexed, flattened, right lip simple; aperture very large and wide open. The genus Haliotis affords an unusual abundance of novelty from the circumstance of it never having been selected for the subject of an illustrated monograph; the species are, moreover, well defined, and may be easily de- termined by a careful examination of the variations of sculpture and arrangement of colours. The Haliotides are interesting in form as being the most eyolved and depressed of spiral shells, and they have been arranged with the Chitons and Limpets as exhibiting the nearest apparent affinity with the non-spiral Gastropods. They present also a singularity of structure in great mea- sure analogous to the orifice in the shell of Fisswrella or to the fissure in Hmarginula. On the left side of the shell, in a direct curve parallel to the inflexed edge, is a row of equidistant perforations, made by the animal in its progress of growth for conveying the water to the breathing organs ; the mantle is slit in that direction to a certain extent, and the water passes into the respiratory cavity through a tubular filament protruding from each hole. The number of pallial filaments being alike in the same individual throughout its several stages of growth, the shell mostly presents the same number of holes at all ages, filling up the hindmost orifice as a new one becomes formed at the margin. The Siliguaria presents a similar modification of structure, and it has been also considered that the slit in Pleurotoma is in some measure analogous. The internal surface of the ‘Har Shells’ is lined with a bright pearly nacre, which in most species is of remark- able iridescent brilliancy, glowing with all the colours of the rainbow ; the attention must, however, be directed to the outer coating of the shell, for the discrimination of species, and it is with this view that the figures in the foregoing monograph are devoted mainly to external sculp- ture. There is certainly a striking variation of character in the nacre of different species, but the pattern of the The number of perforations varies in different species, but may be said to correspond in different individuals of the same species; where an exception occurs, it is that there is sometimes one, or at most two, less in the adult than in the young state; that is, when the animal arrives at ma- turity it continues to stop up one or two of the perforations in advance of any new one. inner surface is merely an indentation of the outer. Tt is a curious circumstance in the geographical distri- bution of the Haliotides that few, if any, are to be found where Chitons abound ; as if they exchanged places to a certain extent in the two hemispheres There are a few spe- cies from California, but along the western coast of South America, where Chitons are most abundant, not any are found, and only one small species, the H. pulcherrima, at any of the Islands of the Pacific. They inhabit the coasts of China, Japan, Ceylon, Mozambique, Cape of Good Hope, Borneo, and the Philippine Islands ; but the greater num- ber of species, and the most remarkable, are from New Zealand, and the continent of New Holland, displaying all the peculiarity of design which invariably characterizes the fauna of those isolated regions. With the well-known Haliotis tuberculata of the Channel islands, all are familiar. It is, however, a circumstance worth noting, that although such near neighbours, and comparatively abundant, espe- cially at the island of Jersey, it is rarely collected on the coast of England. The Haliotides are found at low water, attached to the under surface of masses of stone, and they fix themselves with great force to the rocks, by suction, on the least alarm. Although the genus Haliotis was described by Lamarck as being “ assez nombreux en espéces,”’ only fifteen species appear to have been known to that illustrious naturalist ; six were added to that number by M. Deshayes, in his new edition of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ and a few have been described by Mr. Gray and others in scattered memoirs. April 1846. HALIOTIS.—Prats I. With the rich and beautiful materials now before me, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Cuming, I shall probably be enabled to determine about eighty species; only a limited portion of them, however, were taken by that emi- nent traveller alive, as his researches have been chiefly con- fined to the Western Hemisphere. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatioris putcuprrima. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd, convexiusculd, radiatim costatd, costis fortibus, latius- culis, nodoso-corrugatis, interstitiis rugosis ; spird sub- ampld ; foraminibus senis perviis ; lutescente-alba, cas- taneo-rubente maculata et variegatd, intus aureo-albi- cante. THE VERY BEAUTIFUL Haxioris. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather convex, radiately ribbed, ribs strong, rather wide, nodosely wrinkled, interstices rough; spire rather large; six perforations open; yellowish white, spotted and variegated with chesnut red ; nacre golden white. Martyn, Universal Conch. vol. ii. pl. 62. Hab. Lord Hood’s and Grimwood Islands, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming. There is no green or blue either in the outer coat or nacre of this species. The ribs are of a soft yellowish white, stamed here and there with chesnut-red, and the pearly interior exhibits a faint golden hue. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotrs Gtapra. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, convexo- planulatd, spird pared ; glabra, striis perpaucis ea- sculptis radiantibus, latere sinistro tenuilirato, forami- nibus senis perviis, parviusculis ; labro sinistro latius- culo ; olivaceo-viridi, luteo-viridescente angulato-reticu- laté et variegata. Tue smootH Hattorts. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly flattened, spire small; smooth, with a few radiating engraved strive, left side finely ridged, six perforations open, rather small, left lip rather broad; dark olive green, angularly reticulated and variegated with pale yellowish green. Cunmnttz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 311. pl. 166. f. 1602, 3. Hab. Australia; Dring, R.N. M. Deshayes is perfectly correct in his views of this species, so admirably portrayed by Chemnitz. Figures 1607 and § of the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet’ represent a species, hereafter to be described, unquestionably distinct both in form and colour from that wnder consideration; and the shell represented by Schubert and Wagner in the Supple- ment of that work, Fig. 3086, 7, asa variety of H. glabra, is also a very distinct species, subsequently described by Mr. Swainson under the name of Haliotis Californiensis. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxtotis CunnincHamil. Hal. testd ovatd, tenui, maxima, concavo-depressd, latere sinistro angulato, ad angulum perforato, foraminibus subtubulosis, senis, (in testa juve- ni septenis vel octonis) perviis ; oblique undato-plicata, struis elevatis minute corrugatis undique sculptd, mar- gine sinistro latiusculo, planato ; extus rubro-ferru- gined, viridi fuscoque variegatd, intus albicante. Cunnincuam’s Hattorts. Shell ovate, thin, very large, concavely depressed, left side angulated, perforated at the angle, perforations somewhat tubulous, six (in the young shell seven or eight) open, obliquely undulately plicated, sculptured throughout with mi- nutely wrinkled striz, left margin rather broad, flat- tened ; outside reddish brown, variegated with green and darker brown, inside whitish. Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey of the Coast of Australia, 1827), vol. 1. p. 494. Hab. Australia and New Zealand. Three excellent figures of this magnificent species have been recently publised by Dr. Phillippi in his valuable work on Species of Shells ‘ Abbild. und Besch. Conch.’ for the Haliotis nevosa of Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. i. pl. 63, from which it differs materially both in form and colour. It was described by Mr. Gray nearly twenty years ago in the work above quoted, and I have had the pleasure of identifying the splendid shell here figured, with a young specimen in that gentleman’s private cabinet, having the name of Mr. Allan Cunningham, the indefatigable Botanist of that Expedition, attached to it in Mr. Gray’s hand- writing. It is a very large thinnish concavely flattened shell, with the left side rather sharply angulated, and the outer surface finely sculptured throughout with wrinkled strize, a good distinctive character to which I attach some importance, and which is conspicuously developed in spe- cimens of different stages of growth now before me. The colour is a light rusty red, variegated with flame-like patches of dark brown, with a little green intermingled, the nacre of the interior being of a rather pallid hue. fiatotes. PLL ry del et lith PSL tOTrEs: Puiate IT. Species 4, (Mus. Cuming.) Hatrotis varia. Hal. testé ovato-oblongd, depresso-con- vex, spird humili ; oblique tumido-nodosa, spiraliter crebiliratd, liris valde irregularibus, foraminibus senis perviis ; viridi aut olivaceo-fusco luteoque diversimodo radiatim variegatd, intus argented. THE vartecatep Haxtorts. Shell ovately oblong, de- pressly convex, spire low, obliquely tumidly nodose, spirally closely ridged, ridges very irregular, six holes open; diversely radiately variegated with greenish or olive-brown and yellow; nacre silvery. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A good distinguishing mark in this species are the curious swollen nodules, ranging across the shell in oblique waves, though sometimes a little obscure. The variegated yellow and olive-green colour is mostly disposed in alternate enlarging stripes striking out from the nucleus of the spire. Mr. Cuming found the H. varia abundantly distributed throughout the Philippine Islands. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Haiotis ruBIcUNDA. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, tenuiculd, medio concavo-depressd, latere sinistro tricos- tato, costd externd tuberculatd, scabrosd, mediand tu- biferd, perforata, foraminibus quinis senisve pervits, interna tumidd, conspicud, rugoso-striatd, lamellis tenui- bus undato-striatis erectis inter spiram et costam inter- nam. concentrice dispositis ; extus rufescente aut olivaceo viridique variegatd, intus pulcherrime irridescente. THE RED-TINGED Hattotrs. Shell somewhat orbicu- larly ovate, rather thin, concavely depressed in the middle, left side three-ribbed, the outer rb tubercu- lated and scabrous, the middle rib tubiferous and perforated, six to seven of the perforations open, the inner rib swollen, conspicuous, roughly striated, with thin lamellee concentrically arranged between the spire and the inner rib ; exterior reddish or variegated olive and green, interior very beautifully irridescent. Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes’ edit) vol. ix. p. 30. Gray, App. King’s Voyage, p. 494. Padollus rubicundus, De Montford. Padollus scalaris, Leach. Haliotis tricostalis, Lamarck. Haliotis canaliculata, Schubert and Wagner. Hab. Rotten Nest Island, Swan River Settlement ; Lieut. Preston, R.N. The structure and symmetrical arrangement of this spe- cies is truly elegant; and highly characteristic of the beautiful natural productions of the country of which it is an inhabitant. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) HALIoTIs RUFESCENS. Hal. testdé ovatd, convexo-depressé, crassiusculd, spiraliter liratd, liris minutis irregula- ribus ; oblique undato-plicatd, plicis grandibus tumidis ; foraminibus subamplis, tubulosis, quaternis tantum per- viis ; extus corallo-rubra@ saturatd, intus irridescente, labri dextri linbo intus corallo-rubro. THE coRAL-RED Hattoris. Shell ovate convexly de- pressed, rather thick, spirally ridged, ridges minute, irregular ; obliquely wave-plicated, plaits large, swol- len; perforations rather large, tubulous, four only open; outside deep coral-red, inside irridescent, inner edge of the right lip coral red. Swarnson, Appendix to Bligh Catalogue, p. 2. Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald. A fine dark coral-red species growing in large oblique swollen undulating waves. “ In proportion as the back of this species is worn down,” says Mr. Swainson “the colour becomes of a bright red,” an observation very signi- ficant of its real character. April 1846. Hatiotes y del eth Ble ves Ovi Se Prate III. Species 7. (Mus Taylor.) Hatiorrs rvGoso-piicata. Hal. testd oblongo-ovata, anticé subattenuatd, valde conveed, spiraliter elevato- striatd, oblique rugoso-plicaté, Soraminibus septenis per- vits ; olivaceo-viridescente, rufo pallide radiaté. Tur RovGH-PLAtTED Hatiorts. Shell oblong-ovate, a little attenuated anteriorly, very convex, spirally ele- vately ridged, obliquely roughly plicated, seven of the perforations open ; pale olive green, faintly radiated with red. CuEmni1z, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p- 311. pl. 116. f. 1604. and 1604. a. Haliotis australis, Gmelin, Lamarck. Hab. New Holland ; Capt. King. Although a compound specific name is not quite in ac- cordance with the modern rules of nomenclature, I cannot think that any hitherto given should be abandoned. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattorrs KamrscHarKana.. Hal. testd ovato-oblongd, spiraliter striatd et liratd, liris plano-obtusis subdistan- ibus, transversim oblique tumulosis, tumoribus conspi- cuis, subundatis, latere sinistro latisulcato, foraminibus tumodiusculis amplis, quaternis tantum perviis, extus rufo-viridique vividd tessellatin variegata, liris spirali- bus rufo-alboque promiscud articulatis. fun KamrscuarKa Hatiorrs. Shell ovately oblong, spi- rally striated and ridged, ridges flatly obtuse, rather dis- tant, transversely obliquely full of conspicuous waved swellings, left side rather broadly grooved, perforations rather swollen, large, four only open; exterior tessel- lately variegated with bright red and green, spiral ridges articuted with red and white. ONAS, Menke, Zeitschrift fiir Malak. Nov. 1845. Hab. Oonalaska, near Kamtschatka, Northern Arehi- pelago ; Jonas. This very beautifully painted shell has more the appear- ance of a tropical than a northern species, for it presents the brightest display of colours of any of the genus. The entire surface consists of wavy swellings, variegated in a somewhat tessellated style with dark coral red and bright verdigris green, over which the spiral ridges pass here and there articulated with red and white, Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) HALioris sPLENDENS. Hal. testd ovatd, convexo-depressd, undique spiraliter liratd, liris crebris regularibus subob- tusis, nonnullis aliis latioribus, foraminibus quinis per- viis ; extus a@rugini-viridescente, articulis albicantibus spiram prope interdum notatd, epidermide fibroso fusco indutd, intus ceruleo viridique, nigricante nebulatd, pulcherrime irridescente. THE SPLENDID Hatsorts. Shell ovate, convexly depres- sed, spirally ridged throughout, ridges close-set, regular, rather obtuse, some broader than others, five of the perforations open; outer surface of the shell verdigris green, sometimes marked near the spire with whitish articulated markings, covered with a brown epidermis, inner surface very beautifully irridescent with blue and green clouded with black. Rerve. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, Hab. California. This is the large species imported from California, the richly coloured polished surface of which is used for the ornamental work of various articles of manufacture. It is not referable to any of the species mentioned by Lamarck, and although familiarly known to collectors by the above name I cannot learn upon what authority it has been used, April, 1846. “ 7 7 : — 7 7 ie ET iy } ae 7 7 - - 7 ay 7 % oy la aii an ms > a : a a _ " nt - af . 7) ~~ a nie eyalte Ay im hr! tespalhte T ue vty i | ii = sal : ro Wy N wi" a“ es eal I tia ee iran iia a i Bs gh) i a inc i rig ‘a. Geren Le r ie iets qi il halts ay W (UA. | coy Bree - a - Leak ak 7 ny ire! iat Hest Aa i (iy its | 2g a nite vk . ere Oe ot ¢ ry: 1s bay Linge nn Ly hie Ne igs tude hahaa. fe i ee —_ vb i yd wh via voorbaife f A be re Fiat yl uk eine ines reih dudiy a) art, dose | es Ws exh jin dil RIAA nl in nist 1 i af ea Te ia aie 1) ha! hi byl a HW ‘ viel ph ni ones ve Poa) & a hing 5 vw i. + ea il - ay oy avr) Cre - Te 1 AA A nr ft i ‘ior: “We =) ie n a eg V pes 4 Dag : we : 7 ! vi "3 i i : Aan) i " ! T cal aan _ ; tes . |, Pearl -% As -_ D y en 200 I pied i a aly ofl ob saa a > heal? F; 2) jose it. - a 7 Se 18 ; a : n - 7 a 7 7 ‘ - hee al Ae 4 0 av oi a ae ae es i a, ad ne Ta ve abt J ; ; lens Aline he vir " » - i ets oy - +H a ‘ NG EAR “i vie , it a a dri 18 sin Hl fi ¥ : ‘a : i aon a rir 4 - wi if Le ine af lie Ated i, ; iL 5 lui a a he : 2 = 7 ft . ‘es : lj a = = ean : oe a : v : f afi. oy \" Poe ; iq Md aia dba | e so ‘ie >) 1, & nm at AY iis hens el ri : he, nm! : dans eee 1 x9 it FT Gayen alae aie By nie aang! a 7 7 biaeny “5 ae anit Faia 7 - ais he, ; _ eet. em ¢ = _ <<) ¥ WwW Wall ae “ 7 : eeY’ « i = va ——. & eran Tf Laan ; [> Or 7 iv free. Mi fey ut i, my ip, ; wey ineH4 i ae yy : r wie ier G7 - an) 0g BM Ne eR ee jam te pave nyt p iW fl OS i tig : wohl ype aw - : i Ve ts pghoai: : ti iv mn ty ’ ‘lh: 4 Uy i aa fe itty Hs ret i" fit . om la Ny o sinoaal | 3 “= - a vk Ms us}? was vey “agate fle a mahagite ase : =i " . Jebel nua hate eyngilaa poate? «{ lly i lgiwg Be a, Se as lala igh are + : \ ie - aid oO Whey ' iv L | an Fi om ria a iy “v eietafet Bi vi@ie i ie eee ie ree pifei ethan p - “a oiiy Ff te Anal spt os (i ie oe ea Py bape “| § as of he 0 Shin ly eb tat Asa ing Uo —— ta ee - . . a > i Oh Had - : ) Ms i © : — pete en phe a mba igi ttt “ a a le 48 TE oe > wif rs a pn ne : ia (ie wand he Haliots Sowerby del et hth a Reeve x Jal gat bi I Oed NG lay Puate IV. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxroris Rost. pland, spiraliter costatd et “iratd, costis lirisque alter- Hal. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, depresso- nantibus, peculiariter crebriscabrosis, foraminibus par- viusculis, octonis novenisque perviis ; extus vivide cocci- neo-rubra aut olivaceo-fuscd, radiatim albimarmoratd, intus spiraliter sulcatd, pulchreé irridescente. Rog’s Hatroris. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, de- pressly flattened, spirally ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges alternating, peculiarly closely scabrous, per- forations rather small, eight or nine open; exterior bright scarlet red, radiately marbled with white, inte- rior spirally grooved, beautifully irridescent. Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey of the coast of Australia, 1827), vol. i. p. 493. Haliotis scabricosta, Menke. Hab. New Holland; King, Menke. This very interesting species was originally collected during Capt. King’s Survey of the coast of Australia, and named by Mr. Gray in honour of Lieut. Roe of that Ex- pedition in his Appendix to the ‘ Narrative of the Voyage’ above referred to. M. Menke not being cognizant of this book described the species in his Moll. Nove Hollandiz under the name of H. scabricosta, and Dr. Philippi has re- produced it under the same name in his ‘ Abbild. und Besch. Conch’. The external sculpture of the Haliotis Roei consists of a number of alternating ribs and fine ridges, composed of irre- gular scales closing immediately one upon the other. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxiotts Marte. Hal. testd ovata, depressiusculd, spird sublaterali ; spiraliter costatd, costis depressis, perlatis, oblique viv plicatis, supra uni-bi-sulcatis, interstitiis excavatis, foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; extus aurantio-spadiceo variegatd, intus subargented. Manrta’s Haxrorrs. Shell ovate, rather depressed, spire nearly lateral; spirally ribbed, ribs depressed, very broad, slightly obliquely plicated, upper surface en- graved with one or two grooves, interstices between the ribs hollow, holes rather large, five open; exte- rior tinged with orange fawn, interior rather silvery. Gray, Wood Index Test. Supp. 1825. pl. 8. f. 6. Haliotis dentata, Jonas. Hab. ? This interesting species was named some twenty years since by Mr. Gray in honour of his kind-hearted and ac- complished lady, so well-known to conchologists by her spirited etchings of the Mollusca. It is so unlike any other species of the genus that no one can fail to admire it. The surface between the row of perforations and the spire, is characterized by about half a dozen peculiarly broad depressed ribs, the interstices between which are excavated into as many hollow channels; and down the flattened summit of each rib are one or two faintly in- dented grooves. I have not as yet heard of more than three specimens, that in the possession of Mr. Cuming here figured; one in Mr. Gray’s collection; and one in the collection of Dr. Jonas of Hamburgh, to whom my thanks are due for the trouble he has taken in forwarding me drawings of it. Although Iam unable to adopt that gentleman’s name for this species, I feel equally indebted to him for his kind services ; and I can only say that if all my continental friends would be equally prompt in putting me in posses- sion of their new unfigured species of shells by the same means, it would avoid a great deal of confusion, and enable me to do justice alike to all authors. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Haztotis corrucata. Hal. testd ovatd, convead, spira- liter crebriliratd, liris undique tumido-corrugatis, plicis undatis interdum oblique decussatis, foraminibus per- paucis, amplis, tubiferis, tribus tantum perviis ; extus rubido-castaneo viridique, nigro marginato, pulcherrime irridescente. THE WRINKLED Hatiotis. Shell ovate, convex, spirally closely ridged, ridges prominently raised throughout in swollen wrinkles, sometimes obliquely crossed with waved folds, perforations few in number, large, tubi- ferous, three only open; exterior rayed with dark green and reddish chesnut, edged with black, very beautifully iridescent. Gray, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pl. 8. f. 5. Hab. California. This fine large species, which is not uncommon in col- lections, may be recognized by the conspicuous nodulous wrinkles with which its entire surface is covered ; it is a thick heavy shell, rather more convex than usual. April, 1846. 7 "4 baat ie y = v ey { 7 og a, OR Coens edu eihl ¢ 1. Sie oe j ®. Wes > | | Sie ola itl ' ey = Le 4 = nw ii he pew heen i \j Sere ea? 7 @ vee? re 7 we —wy ie i 7 i fl hey } 4 A f , 1 ily - cs = os a fi ly fe » a } a4 = ose ’ i : i %) i. i ‘ . A” = ne . 5 ole iy / . i ‘ : T ‘ i ee ri ‘ ‘ Ss : ; i ; fs t . i 4 ee 4 : XG roe - i : | ica ae Hatrotvs Fl. ¥. owerby, del. et htt l6 Reeve, imp el Ones: PuLatTE V. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattotis Japonica. Hal. testé ovato-oblongd, subplanu- lato-convexd, liris tenuibus equalibus spiraliter funicu- laté, concentricé ruguso-plicatd, plicis conspicuis lamel- laformibus irregularibus, foraminibus quinis senisve perviis; luteo, olivaceo-fusco, viridique undique pul- cherrimeé variegatia. Tue Japan Hatiorts. Shell ovately oblong, rather flatly convex, spirally corded with fine equal ridges, concentrically rugosely plicated, plaits conspicuous, lamella-like, irregular ; five to six holes open, beauti- fully variegated with yellow, olive-brown and green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. This beautiful species from Japan might easily be mis- taken for the following, from the coast of Gibraltar, the shell being developed in stout concentric ridges in a nearly similar manner ; the detail of sculpture will, however, be found on examination, to differ materially. In the #. Japonica the surface is engraved throughout with fine cords, equidistant from each other, and extremely regular in their arrangement ; in the H. /amellosa the ridges are very irre- gular, though mostly alternately broad and narrow; and the interstices are not so distinctly grooved. Coming from such a different locality these variations may be re- garded of ample specific importance. Species 14. (Fig. 14 and 15, Mus. Cuming.) Hatrotis Lamentosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, subpla- nulato-convexd, spiraliter tenuilirata, liris obtusis, irre- gularibus, foraminibus quinis senisve perviis; luteo, olivaceo-fusco, viridique, vel aurantio-rubente, undique pulcherrime variegata. THE LAMELLATED Hattotts. Shell oblong-ovate, rather flatly convex, spirally finely ridged, ridges obtuse, irregular, with the alternate mostly the larger, con- centrically obliquely plaited, plaits conspicuous la- mel] like, irregular, five to six holes open; beauti- fully variegated with yellow, olive brown and green, or with orange red. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.29. Hab. Gibraltar. Having already described the specific peculiarities of this shell in treating of the preceding species, it only re- mains to notice that the oblique lamella-like folds are very irregularly developed, the most constant character being displayed in the style of the spiral grooving. For Species 15, see PLatz IX. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotts Mipm. Hal. testé rotundato-ovatd, depresso- pland, circa apicem minutissimée et creberrime spiraliter sulcatd, oblique obsolete undatd, concentricée plicatd, plicis peculiariter undulatis, et retrorsum crispatis, valde irregularibus ; marginibus posticd sinistrdque latis, plano-refleris ; foraminibus parvis numerosis confertis, ad novenis perviis ; extus luteo-albicante, apice plicisque sepissimé corallo-rubris, epidermide luteo-fuscd indutis, intus ceruleo-viridi sanguineoque irridescente. Mipas’s Haxtorts. Shell rotundately ovate, depressly flattened, very minutely and closely spirally grooved around the apex, obliquely obsoletely waved, concen- trically plaited, plaits peculiarly waved and curled backwards, very irregular, posterior and left margins broad and flatly reflexed, holes small, very numerous, close-set, about nine open; outside yellowish white, apex and folds more or less tinged with coral red, covered with a light yellowish-brown epidermis, in- side irridescent with blueish green and faint blood tinge. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 779. Testa juvenis. Haliotis Capensis, Dunker. Hab, Cape of Good Hope. In order to appreciate the characters of this beautiful species, it should be examined in different stages of growth ; in a very young state there is no indication of the wavy curled plaits with which the shell is so remarkably charac- terized in a maturer condition. The entire surface of the primitive whorls is very minutely spirally grooved or ele- vately striated ; the plaits begin to develope themselves at the commencement of the last whorl, originating from a point in its centre, and gradually spreading in light lamella-like wrinkles like a concentric flow of ripples on the bosom of a calm lake. In this state it is of an oblong form, rather acuminated anteriorly, and constitutes the H. Capensis of Dunker, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Hal. Pl. 1. Fig. 4. As the shell advances in growth the plaits become more thickened and irregular, and wind round the spire in such a mamner as to form a flattened reflexed rim. ‘The spire, generally more or less worn, has a peculiar coppery red irridescence, and the plaits, though covered naturally with a pale yellowish brown epidermis, are coral-red beneath, and mostly exhibit their colour from the effects of friction. May, 1846. - © aa) aS S . « Hatsolis Ft. VT. HALOS. Prater VI. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) HaLiovis saNGuINEA. Hal. testé@ oblongo-ovatd, anticé flexuoso-contracta et attenuata, parte spirali subelevati, concentrice oblique corrugata et striata ; foraminibus creberrimis, ad novenis perviis ; fusca (in etate juvent albivariegata), spird intus sanguineo peculiariter tincté. THE BLOop-sTaINED Haxiotis. Shell oblong-ovate, anteriorly flexuously contracted and attenuated, spiral portion of the shell rather elevated, concentrically obliquely wrinkled and striated, holes very close together, about nine open; brown (varigated with white in a young state), spire peculiarly tinged within with blood red. Hantey, Young Conchologist’s Book of Species (1841), p- 60. Frontispiece, f. 5. Haliotis ficiformis, Menke. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. This species may be easily recognised by its obliquely wrinkled and dark chocolate brown exterior, and by an irridescent blood stain within the winding cavity of the spire; the holes are very numerous and unusually close together, and the anterior portion of the shell is peculiarly flexuous and attenuated. It was originally described and figured by Mr. Hanley, in a little work called ‘ The Young Conchologist’s Book of Species’. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattrotis astnina. Hal. testé elongato-ovatd, subcurvatd, postice flexuoso-acuminatd, spird terminali, oblique wrregulariter striatd, parte postica liris subtilibus sub- distantibus e apice radiantibus, deinde evanidis ; fora- minibus parviusculis, numerosis, ad octonis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, maculis fuscis perpaucis subtrigonis, flammis lutescentibus, lineisque fuscis numerosis brevibus interruptis pulcherrimée variegatd, radiis viridibus et rufo-flavis undatis prope apicem alternatim picta. Tue ass’s Haxtoris. Shell elongately ovate, slightly curved, posteriorly flexuously acuminated, spire ter- minal, obliquely irregularly striated, posterior portion of the shell with fine rather distant ridges radiating from the apex, then fading away; holes rather small, numerous, about eight open; olive green, beautifully variegated with a few triangular brown spots, yel- lowish flames and numerous short interrupted brown lines, and painted with alternate green and reddish yellow zigzag rays next the apex. Linn us, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 780. Hab. China; Belcher, Dr. Sibbald. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This very prettily variegated species, the most elongated of the genus, is remarkable for the extra-terminal convolu- tion of the spire. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattotis Gicantea. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter costatd, costis parvis crebris irregularibus obtusis, interdum subobsoletis, oblique nodoso-undatis ; foraminibus am- plis, peculiariter tubulosis, tribus quaternisve perviis ; extus spadiceo-rubente, intus albicante pallide viridique irridescente. Tue Gigantic Hatroris. Shell ovate, spirally ribbed, ribs small close irregular obtuse, sometimes some- what obsolete, obliquely nodosely waved ; holes large, peculiarly tubular, three to four open; exterior fawn red, interior irridescent with white and pale green. Curmnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 167. f. 1610, 1611. Haliotis tubifera, Lamarck. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. The word gigantea is a much less appropriate term for this species than ¢udifera, for there are four or five others of larger size, but none in which the orifices are so pecu- liarly tubular; the rule of priority nevertheless requires that it should be adopted in preference. It was wrong of Chemnitz to introduce this shell under the name of gigan- tea, when he considered it to be identical with the H. nevosa of Martyn; it happens, however, that these are two distinct species, and both names, therefore, must be maintained. The H. gigantea is a peculiar light fawn- coloured red shell from Japan, well distinguished by the tubular structure of the holes; the H. nevosa (for which see Plates VIII. and IX., Fig. 27), is of a deep coral red, sometimes green, variegated, from Van Dieman’s Land, and of smaller size. May, 1846. Halvolts Fl. Ful. HALOS: Puate VII. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxiotis squamosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, trans- versim oblique rugosa, spiraliter tuberculato-costatd, tuberculis squameformibus, costis nunc confertis, nune lird parva intercurrente ; foraminibus subamplis, sep- tenis pervus ; extus aurantio-fusco luteoque maculatd et variegatd, intus albicante, irridescente. Tue scaLy Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely obliquely wrinkled, spirally tubercularly ribbed, tuber- cles scale-like, ribs sometimes close, sometimes with a fine ridge running between them; perforations rather large, seven open; exterior spotted and varie- gated with yellow and orange-brown, interior whitish, irridescent. Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey of the Coast of Australia, 1827), vol. i. p. 495. Haliotis Rodingii, Philippi. Hab. Australia; King. An extremely interesting species, well characterized by its close ribs of scale-like tubercles, ranging across the shell in oblique waves; in the middle portion of the shell there is a fine ridge running between the ribs; the colour is also peculiar, a kind of burnt-umber-stained orange. Dr. Jonas of Hamburgh informs me that there is another specimen in the collection of Dr. Roding of that city. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Ha ioris ELEGANS. Hal. testd elongato-ovatda, subfleauosd, converd, apice terminali ; spiraliter costatd, costis tenui- bus, angustis, elevatis, lamellaformibus, per summitatem subobsolete crebrisqguamatis, costarum interstitiis sub- profunde sulcatis, striatis ; foraminibus parvis, remotis, ad octonis perviis ; aurantio-lacted, aurantio-rufescente strigata et variegata ; intus albicante, margaritaced. THE ELEGANT Hatiotis. Shell elongately ovate, rather flexuous, convex, apex terminal ; spirally ribbed, ribs thin, narrow, elevated, lamella-like, somewhat obso- letely closely scaled along the summit, interstices between the ribs rather deeply grooved and striated, holes small, distant, about eight open; orange cream colour, streaked and variegated with orange red, in- terior whitish, pearly. Kocu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Hadiotzs, Pl. 1. Fig. 1 and 2. Hab. Port Adelaide, New Holland. This is a truly elegant species and very distinct from any hitherto known; its form is that of a gracefully curved elongated oval, covered with erect close-set lamella- like ribs, spirally radiating from the apex, the summits of which are swollen and bent over with scales fitting closely one upon the other. Its general tinge is that of an orange cream colour. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxrotis coccinea. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter lirata, liris ereberrimis inequalibus, interstitis trans- versim minutissime striatis ; foraminibus confertiusculis, quinis senisve perviis ; extus coccineo-rufa, lutescente- albo maculatd et variegatd, intus argenteo-albicante. THE scaRLET-cLtaD Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, spi- rally ridged, ridges very close, unequal, interstices transversely finely striated; holes rather close, five or six open; exterior scarlet-red, spotted and varie- gated with yellowish white, interior silvery white. Renve. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. Hab. Cape de Verd Islands. The ridges have a tendency to range alternately singly and in pairs, but are very irregular. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiorts Cracneropit. Hal. testé ovata, conveat, spird suboccultd ; levigata aut radiatim striata, foraminibus parvis, senis ad octonis pervits, eatus ceruleo-nigricante, intus albicante, margaritaced. CracuErope’s Hatroris. Shell ovate, convex, spire somewhat concealed; smooth or radiately striated, holes small, about six to eight open; exterior blueish black, interior whitish, pearly. Leacu, Zoological Miscellany, 1814, vol. i. p. 131. Haliotis glaber, Schubert and Wagner. Hab. California. It may perhaps be as well to mention that the fine specimen of H. Cracherodii here figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection, is of unusually large size; it is of a peculiar bottle-blue black colour externally, and has never more than eight of the perforations open. May, 1846. Halrotis Fl. FUL HALIOTIS., Puate VIII. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattotis ziczac. Hal. testé ovatd, planulato-converd, spiraliter subtilissimé sulcatd, foraminibus parviusculis, senis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, luteo-viridescente oblique flammeo-undatd, apice luteo-aurantio tincto, intus ar- gented, irridescente. THE z1GzaG Hattoris. Shell ovate, rather flatly convex, spirally very finely grooved, perforations rather small, six open; dark olive green, obliquely marked with light yellowish green zigzag flames, apex tinged with orange yellow, interior silvery, irridescent. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Calipan, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found on smooth stones); Cuming. The colour, form, and general aspect of this shell very much resembles those of the H. glabra; it differs chiefly in having the entire surface finely radiately grooved. The zigzag design of the colouring is very characteristic. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotis ExcavaTa. Hal. testd subrotundd, convexissind, spiré elevaté ; spiraliter subtiliter liratd, liris striis radiantibus decussatis, rugis brevibus obliquis circa spiram concentricé dispositis ; viridi-albicante, olivaceo- fusco radiatim strigaté et variegatd, intus profunde excavata, albicante, pulchré irridescente. THE EXCAVATED Hauiorts. Shell nearly round, very convex, spire elevated; spirally finely ridged, ridges crossed with radiating striz, with short oblique wrin- kles concentrically ranged round the spire; greenish white, radiately streaked and variegated with olive brown, interior deeply excavated, whitish, beautifully iridescent. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.25. Hab. Kangaroo Island, Australia. An interesting and well-known species, fully distin- guished from any other hitherto recorded by its rounded convex growth. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatrotis Cattrorniensis. Hal. testd ovaté, spird sub- occulta, levigatd aut decussatim striatd, margine sinis- tro latiusculo, concavo-plano ; foraminibus minutis, nu- merosissimis, duodecenis perviis, extus ceruleo-nigri- cante, intus albida, margaritaced. THE Catirornian Hauioris. Shell ovate, spire rather concealed, smooth or decussately striated, left mar- gin rather broad, concavely flattened; holes very small and numerous, twelve open; exterior blueish black, interior whitish, pearly. Swanson, Zool. Illustrations, vol.u. pl. 80. Hab. California. This species has been separated with excellent discrimi- nation by Mr. Swainson from the H. Cracherodii, from which it exhibits little intelligible difference beyond the unusual number and smallness of the holes; in the speci- men here figured there are as many as twelve open; Mr. Swainson does not enumerate the perforations of the spe- cimen he described, but in comparing it with the H. Cracherodii he sufficiently explains that they are “ half as large and doubly numerous.” The distinction above noted between the H. Cracherodit and Californiensis, appears to have escaped the critical attention of M. Deshayes; the shell described by him, first, as the H. glabra, after Schubert and Wagner, and secondly, as the H. Californiensis, is the H. Cracherodit, which, though commonly of similar dimensions, is often much larger. The marked difference in the arrangement and number of the perforations in these two Californian species is certainly important; it is not a character of the genus to present so great a variation in different indi- viduals of the same species. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Ha.totis N&yosa.—For description and further illustra- tion of this extremely variable species see PLate IX. May, 1846. Halrotis FU, 1X. vy Jel. at he Reeve, imp LATO LS: Prats IX. Species 27. (Fig. a, Plate viii, and Fig. c, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 6, Mus. Metcalfe.) Haniotrs N@vosa. Hal. testé ovatd, spiraliter liraté, liris granoso-squamosis, sepé alternatim majoribus, ob- liquée undato-rugosd, rugis plus minusve tumidis, fora- minibus senis perviis; aut vividé rubra aut coccineo- rubra, lutescente radiata, aut olivaceo-rufescente viridi radiata. THE kNoTTED Hattoris. Shell ovate, spirally ridged, ridges granosely scaled, often alternately the larger, obliquely undately wrinkled, wrinkles more or less swollen, six holes open; deep red or scarlet red, ra- diated with yellowish white, or light olive red radiated with green. Martyn, Universal Conch. vy. ii. f. 63. Haliotis ruber, Leach. Hab. New Holland, New Zealand, and Van Dieman’s Land. This is the most variable species I have met with, and appears to have been greatly misunderstood by authors ; Lamarck confounded it with the H. gigantea, his H. tudi- fera; Philippi with the H. Cunninghamii, whilst Dr. Leach described it in his ‘ Zoological Miscellany’ Pl. 23, as a new species, under the name of H. ruber. The varia- tions chiefly consist in the spiral ridges being more or less prominently developed, and in the obliquely waved wrinkles being more or less swollen; in colour the species varies from an uniform deep coral red to a reddish olive, radiated with pale green, as represented in Fig. 27 of the preceding and accompanying plates. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Haiotrs MULTIPERFORATA. Hal. testdé oblongo-ovati, subfleauosd, anfractuum parte spirali subelevatd ; spi- raliter lineari-sulcatd, sulcis subundatis irregularibus ; foraminibus parviusculis numerosis, decenis perviis, ex- tus nigricante-fusco viridique variegatd, intus albicante. THE MANY-PERFORATED Haxioris. Shell oblong-oyate, rather flexuous, spiral portion of the whorls somewhat elevated; spirally linearly grooved, grooves a little waved, irregular; holes rather small, numerous, ten open; exterior dark-brown, variegated with green, interior whitish. Hab. E This darkly variegated species, the surface of which is smooth, engraved with fine waved spiral lines, has some- what the form of the H. sanguinea; the spiral portion of the shell being more than usually raised. The holes are numerous and close set. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatroris ovina. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, convexo- depressd, spird plano-depressd, anfractibus rugis tumi- dis plicato-radiatis, foraminibus tubiferis, quinis senisve perviis ; rubro aut viridi pulcherrimé marmorata, intus argented. Tue sHEEP Hanioris. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, convexly depressed, spire flatly depressed, whorls plicately rayed with swollen wrinkles; holes tubife- rous, five or six open; exterior very beautifully mar- bled with orange-red or green, interior silvery. CuEMNITZ, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 315. pl. 166. f. 1609. Hab. New Holland and the Philippine Islands. An extremely characteristic species, an orange-red mar- bled example of which is very correctly represented by Chemnitz; neither Lamarck nor Deshayes appear to have been acquainted with it. June, 1846. Halvoles LUX. ol Reev ©, 04] Sowerby, del et. hth Ley EOE. Puate X. Species 29. (Mus. Brit.) Hatiotis Emma. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, tenui- culd, convexd, spiraliter subtilissimé granoso-liratd, medio leviter obtuso-carinatd, circa spiram radiatim plicata, spird conspicud subcentrali ; foraminibus tubi- feris, senis perviis; vivide rubra, zonis albis undatis oblique radiata. Emma’s Haurorrs. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, rather thin, convex, spirally very finely granosely ridged, slightly obtusely keeled in the middle, radiately plicated around the spire, spire conspicuous, subcen- tral ; perforations tubiferous, six open; bright red, obliquely rayed with white waved zones. Gray, MSS. British Museum. Hab. New Holland. A very striking, brightly coloured species, allied in structure to the H. rubicundus, and belonging to the genus Padollus of De Montford, Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotis ALBICANS. Hal. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, con- vead, levigatd aut spiraliter obsolete liratd ; foramini- bus parvis, numerosis, decenis perviis ; extus luteo-coc- cined, flammulis albidis radiata intus argented. THE wuHitIsH Hatioris. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, convex, smooth or spirally obsoletely ridged ; perforations small, numerous, ten open; exterior yel- lowish scarlet, rayed with whitish flames, interior silvery white. Quoy and Garmarp, Voyage de lAstrolabe, vol. ii. p. 311. pl. 68. f. 1, 2. Hab. New Zealand. No one can fail to distinguish this species by its delicate rayed style of colouring; the perforations are more than usually small, and the silvery interior is characterized by a kind of minute wavy pattern. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauroris piscus. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, elevato-con- vert, hic illic tumidé et rugosd, latere sinistro lato, peculiariter erecto ; foraminibus amplis, subdistantibus, tubiferis, quaternis tantum perviis ; castaneo-fuscd, viridi aut rufescente radiatim tincta. Tue quorr Hattorts. Shell oblong ovate, elevately con- vex, here and there swollen and wrinked, left side broad, peculiarly erect; perforations large, rather distant, tubiferous, four only open; chesnut brown, faintly radiated with red or green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. Chiefly distinguished from any species hitherto recorded by its oblong form, and erect growth of the perforated side of the shell. June, 1846. Haliolis Fl. Reeve, 1mq Sowerby, del et. hth HALIOTIS. PratEe XI. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauroris Steponpir. Hal. testé suboblique ovata, sub- pectinatd, valde convexd, apice terminali, vix spirali ; radiatim liratd, liris obtusis, subdistantibus ; forami- mibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; extus aurantio-rubrd, intus albicante, irridescente. SrepoLp’s Haxrorrs. Shell somewhat obliquely ovate, a little pectinated, very convex, apex terminal, scarcely spiral ; radiately ridged, ridges obtuse, rather distant ; holes rather large, five open; exterior orange-red, interior white, irridescent. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. This very remarkable species, which is at present unique in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq., has very much the form of a Concholepas or the left valve of a Cardium ; its resemblance to the latter is, however, probably the more striking. It is of a hollow ventricose growth, the apex with scarcely any spiral, terminating on the margin, like the umbone of a Cockle. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxtoris Bistriata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovaté, subpla- nulatd, spiraliter liratd, liris valde irregularibus nunc latis, nunc angustis, interstitiis incisis ; latere sinistro latiusculd, foraminibus senis perviis ; rubido-fusco viri- dique variegatd, maculis albidis irregularibus interdum aspersa. THE DOUBLE-STRIATED Haxrotis. Shell oblong-ovate, rather flattened spirally ridged, ridges very irregular, sometimes broad, sometimes narrow, interstices en- graved ; left side rather broad, six holes open; varie- gated with green and reddish brown, sometimes sprinkled with irregular white spots. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3691. Hab. Mozambique. This species may be recognised by the very irregular width of the ridges and sharply engraved interstices ; it is sometimes very prettily variegated with red and green, but a dark reddish brown sprinkled with whitish spots is the predominating colour. Species 34. (Mus. Saul.) HALIOoTIS TUBERCULATA. Hal. testé ovaté, convexo-de- pressd, spiraliter inciso-striatd, radiatim tuberculato- plicatd, plicis inequalibus, plus minusve tumidis ; rubido-fuscd, viridi aut rufescente variegati. THE TUBERCULATED Hatioris. Shell ovate, convexly depressed, spirally deeply striated, radiately tubercu- larly plicated, plaits unequal, more or less swollen ; reddish brown, variegated with red and green. Linnaus. Syst. Nat. 10th. edit. p. 780. Hab. Guernsey &e. Extremely variable in its colouring, which is sometimes a dull mixture of red and green, at other times a reddish brown ornamented with light green zigzag waves, as in the specimen selected for illustration. June, 1846, Hatiolis FULL. 38 Sowerby, del, et. ith Reeve, ump: HALIOTIS. Puate XII. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxroris sauamata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, converd, spiraliter liratd, liris creberrimis, squamatis, alternis majoribus ; foraminibus octonis perviis ; fuscd et rubro- fusca, flammulis lutescentibus undatis ornatis, intus vivide irridescente. THE squaMate Hattotts. Shell oblong-ovate, convex, spirally ridged, ridges very close-set, squamate, the alternate the larger ; eight perforations open; brown and reddish brown, ornamented with yellowish waved flames. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. North West Coast of Australia; Dring, H.M.S. Beagle. The form of this shell is rather more than usually con- vex, and the surface is closely set throughout with fine ridges of scales, the colouring being a rich red-brown ornamented with waved yellowish flames. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) HALIOTIs ViRGINEA. Hal. testé@ ovatd, depressd, spiraliter tenue sulcatd, Uiris intermediis se@pissimé duplicatis ; Soraminibus senis perviis; fusca, rubro viridique plus minusce tinctd, maculis grandibus albis irregulariter notata. THE virern Haxroris. Shell ovate, depressed, spirally grooved, intermediate ridges very often duplicate ; six perforations open; brown, more or less stained with red and green, irregularly marked with large white blotches. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 314. pl. 166. f. 1607, and 1608. Distinguished among other characters by the irregular scattered white blotches. Species 37. (Mus. Saul.) Haxiotis rrts. Hal. testd ovato-oblongd, convewd, postice attenuata, spira terminali, peculiariter decussatim cor- rugata et plicatd, latere sinistro lato, erecto ; forami- nibus quinis perviis; extus luteo viridique variegata, intus ceruleo viridique vivide irridescente. THE RAINBOW Hattorrs. Shell ovately oblong, convex, attenuated posteriorly, spire terminal, peculiarly de- cussately plicated and wrinkled, left side broad, erect ; five perforations open; exterior variegated with green and yellow, interior blue and green, brightly irrides- cent. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3691. Hab. Kangaroo Island, Australia. This well-known species may be recognised by its ob- long hollow form, and flat inflexion of the margin in the vicinity of its terminal spire; the indented surface of the shell is also peculiar. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxiorrs runpsris. Hal. testd ovatd, subdepresso-con- veut, spiraliter lirata, liris subsquamatis, hic illie majo- ribus, transversim peculiariter rugoso-plicata ; forami- nibus octonis aut novenis perviis ; rubido-castaned, inter- dum viridi tinctd, flammis perpaucis indistinctis circa spiram. THE MOURNING Hatiorts. Shell ovate, somewhat depressly convex, spirally ridged, ridges slightly squamate, here and there larger, transversely peculiarly rugosely pli- cated ; perforations eight or nine open; reddish ches- nut sometimes tinged with green, with a few indis- tinct light flames around the spire. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. Hab. New Holland. This is a larger and flatter species than the H. sgwamata, and the ridges are more widely separated and less squamate. Species 39. (Mus. Hudson.) Hatioris piversicotor. Hal. testd ovatd, subplanulatd, spiraliter liratd, liris obtusis irregularibus, transversim leviter plicata ; foraminibus octonis vel novenis perviis ; castaneo-fusco coccineo-rufo viridique radiata, maculis undatis lutescentibus variegata. THE DIVERS-coLOURED HattorTis. Shell ovate, rather flattened, spirally ridged, ridges obtuse, irregular, transversely slightly plicated; perforations eight or nine open, rayed with chesnut brown, scarlet-red and green, and more or less variegated with zigzag yel- lowish blotches. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. New Holland. This species may be distinguished amongst other cha- racters by the brightness and variety of its colours. June, 1846. Halrotis mpesets) HADTOTIES. Prate XIII. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatroris viripis. Hal. testé ovatd, depresso-convevd, oblique undato-rugatd, spiraliter liratd, lirarum inter- stitiis subtilissimeé striatis ; foraminibus quinis perviis ; extus albicante, viridi pulcherrime tinctd et marmoratd, intus argented. THE GREEN Haxioris. Shell ovate, depressly convex, obliquely undately wrinkled, spirally ridged, inter- stices between the ridges very finely striated; five perforations open; exterior whitish, beautifully _ stained and marbled with green, interior silvery. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. ‘ab. ? _ Very closely allied to the ZZ. varia, from which it differs only in the depression of the spire, and a slight though characteristic variation in the sculpture. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) HALIOTIS ASTRICTA. liratd, liris laminis striisque elevatis irregularibus ra- diatim decussatis ; foraminibus quaternis perviis ; extus albido olivaceo-viridique marmoratd, intus irridescente. THE TIED Haxiorts. Shell ovate, convex, spirally ridged, radiately crossed with irregular raised strie and lamine ; four perforation open; exterior marbled with white and olive green, interior irridescent. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. B Hal. testé ovata, convexd, spiraliter Distinguished by the strong decussating sculpture of the cross ridges. Species 42. (Mus. Hanley.) Hauiotis espa. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, peculiariter convexd aut gibba, spiraliter liratd, liris irregularibus, crebriusculis ; spird subterminali ; foraminibus quinis perviis ; extus fusco- et ceruleo-viridi, strigis albidis, rufo-punctatis, undatis, interdum ornatd, intus pecu- hariter irridescente. Tuer ctppous Hariorrs. Shell oblong-ovate, peculiarly convex or gibbous, spirally ridged, ridges irregular, rather close-set, spire nearly terminal; five perfora- tions open; exterior brownish or blueish green, July, sometimes ornamented with white, red-dotted, waved streaks, interior peculiarly irridescent. Puitrept, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Hatliotis, Pl. ix. f. 2, a and 6. > Hab. The inner surface of this very characteristic species is disposed in minute wrinkles, from which the refraction of light throws off a peculiar degree of irridescence. Species 43. (Mus Taylor). Hatiotrs TaAyLortana. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, soli- diusculd, convexd, spird subterminali ; spiraliter obtuse et irregulariter liratd ; foraminibus septenis ad novenis pervis ; extus coccineo-fuscd, flavido, coccineo-fusco, maculato, prope spiram nebulatd, intus albicante. TaYLoR,s HaLtotis. Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid, convex, spire nearly terminal; spirally obtusely and irregularly ridged; seven to nine perforations open ; exterior scarlet-brown, clouded near the spire with yellow spotted with scarlet-brown, interior white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Fab. ? I have the pleasure of describing this comparatively rare species from specimens in the collection of Thos. Lombe Taylor, Esq. It is of a dull scarlet-brown, the posterior portion of the shell being clouded with pale yellow, pecu- liarly mottled with dashes of the darker colour. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxiotrs Marmorata. fal. testa depresso-ovatd, dex- trorsum postice effusd, spird subterminali ; spiraliter planicostatd, suleis intermediis subexcavatis ; forami- nibus senis vel septenis perviis, extus viridi, rufo marmo- rata, intus albicante. THE MARBLED HALIOTIS. Shell depressly ovate, effused posteriorly on the right side, spire nearly terminal, spirally flatly ribbed, intermediate ridges rather exca- vated; six or seven perforations open; dark green, marbled with red, interior whitish. Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). There is a peculiarity in the growth of this shell, in the right posterior extremity heing so prominently effused round the spire. 1846. HALIOTIS.—Ptate XIII. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxtoris rupietnosa. Hal. testé ovata, subdepresso- convexi, radiatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter liratd, liris obtuse squamatis, foraminibus subapproximatis, senis perviis ; eatus rubiginoso-aurantid, spiraliter albistri- gata, intus argented. Tue rusty Hattorts. Shell ovate, rather convex, radi- tely plicated wrinkled, spirally ridged, ridges obtusely sealed ; perforations rather approximated, six open ; exterior rusty orange, spirally streaked with white. Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846. Hab. ? Besides the peculiarity of sculpture, it is very fairly characterized by its rusty orange painting and silvery interior. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotis coccorapiata. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovaté, plano-convexa, medio leviter depressd, spiraliter subtili- ter lirata, liris striis minutis elevatis decussatis ; fora- minibus senis perviis ; flavidd, strigis latis vivide coc- cineis radiatim pictda. THE SCARLET-RAYED HALIOTIS. Shell somewhat orbi- cularly ovate, flatly convex, slightly depressed in the middle, spirally finely ridged, ridges crossed with minute raised strize ; yellowish, radiately painted with broad, bright scarlet streaks. Rexkve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. 2 No one can fail to recognize this delicate and very strik- ing scarlet-rayed species. The ridges are minutely beaded, as it were, with transverse strie, and the surface of the shell is peculiarly indented. Hatiotis. Ft.XIP Fn yh \ wim Fd 3 gy hss Os PALE FORTS: Piate XIV. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Hattotis speciosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, plano- converd, medio depressd, spiraliter elevato-stiatd, striis confertis ; foraminibus senis perviis; coccineo-rufa, albo, nigricante marginatd, pulcherrimé variegatd. THE HANDSOME Haxroris. Shell oblong-ovate, flatly convex, depressed in the middle, spirally elevately striated, striz close-set; six perforations open ; scarlet-red, beautifully variegated with black-edged white. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? This is a very gay species, the colour being a rich scarlet red, variegated with broad zigzag flames, edged along the front with black. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) HALIOTIS RETICULATA. subattenuaté, plano-convexrd, medio depressd, latere sinistro latiusculo, erecto, spiraliter vix striatd ; fora- minibus quaternis perviis ; sordide fusca, maculis albidis reticulatis, subtriangularibus, ornatd. THB RETICULATED Haxrorts. Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, anticé Shell oblong-ovate, some- what attenuated, flatly convex, depressed in the mid- dle, left side rather broad, erect, spirally slightly striated; four perforations open; dull dark brown, ornamented with somewhat triangular reticulated white spots. RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? May be recognized by the triangular reticulated style of the painting. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxiotis Neputata. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, convex, spird subelevatd, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis parvis, un- datis ; foraminibus subapproximatis, septenis perviis ; fusco roseoque undique nebulata. Tue cLoupep Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, convex, spire rather elevated, spirally grooved, grooves small, waved ; perforations rather approximated, seven open ; clouded throughout with brown and red. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? Very distinct, both in form and in its style of painting. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatioris seprcutata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter pecu- liariter liraté, liris angustis, erectis, valde wrregula- ribus, radiatim undato-plicatd ; foraminibus amplis, senis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, hie illic albipunctatéa. Tue nepGEp Haxiorrs, Shell ovate, spirally peculiarly ridged, ridges narrow, erect, very irregular, radiately undately plicated ; perforations large, six open; dark olive green, here and there dotted with white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? A fine species, well-characterized by the erect develop- ment of the ridges. Species 51. (Fig. a, Mus. Hanley, 4, Mus. Cuming, c, Mus. Metcalfe.) Matroris semrstriata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter sub- tiliter liratd, radiatim undato-plicatd et plus minusve tuberculosd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quinis pervies ; Susca aut coccineo-rufa, albimaculaté. THE HALF-stRIaTED Hatxrotts. Shell ovate, spirally finely ridged, radiately undately plicated, and more or less tuberculated ; perforations a little tubiferous, five open; brown or scarlet red, spotted or streaked with white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald. A well-marked species, though extremely variable in its colouring and sculpture, some specimens being covered with swoollen tubercles, whilst others are comparatively smooth ; as a general rule it may be observed that the spiral half of the shell is the more distinctly striated or finely ridged. Care should be taken not to confound this species with the Haliotis varia, to which it has some slight resemblance, though differing in colour. July, 1846. eae) & 7 Haltotas. FUXV. imp werby, del et hth EAE OLS. Pirate XV. Species 52. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Hattotis pustunata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter obscuré liratd et tuberculis parvis pustulatd, radiatim plicaté ; foraminibus senis perviis; albida viridique | pulcherrimé marmoraté. THE pusTULATED Hattoris. Shell oblong-ovate, spi- rally obscurely ridged, and pustulated with small tubercles, radiately plicated, six perforations open ; beautifully marbled with green and white. ReEeEve8, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? A prettily variegated species, distinguished by its ob- secure tubular sculpture. Species 53. (Fig. a, Mus. Metcalfe, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hattotis parva. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd, spiraliter crebristriatd, medio subdepressd, costd unicd conspicud rotundata notatd ; foraminibus tubiferis, senis perviis ; vivide coccineo-rufa. THE sMALL Hatioris. Shell orbicularly ovate, spirally closely striated, a little depressed in the middle, and marked with a single conspicuous rounded rib ; per- forations tubiferous, six open, bright scarlet red. Variety 8. (Fig. 53, 4.) Testa viridescente-albidd, purpureo-rufo pulcherrime varie- gata et strigatd. Shell beautifully variegated and streaked with greenish white and purple-red. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256. Haliotis canaliculata, Lamarck. 9 Hab. The varieties of this species above noted are so very distinct and characteristic, that I was strongly tempted, at one time, to regard them of specific importance ; the dis- tinction is not, however, supported by the slightest varia- tion in form or sculpture. Another circumstance in testi- mony of their specific relation, is, that both varieties are frequently more or less covered with a peculiar kind of deposit, probably coralline, which I have not observed on any other species. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotis aquatinis. Hal. testa oblongo-ovald, plano- convexd, medio depressd, levigatd, prope marginem pe- culiariter plicatd ; foraminibus senis perviis ; pallide viridi, albido aut flavicante undato-variegatd, intus albicante. RIPPLED Hauiotis. Shell oblong-ovate, flatly con- vex, depressed in the middle, smooth, peculiarly pli- cated near the margin; six perforations open ; light green, undately variegated with yellowish white, in- terior whitish. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Kurile Islands, south of Kamtschatka. THE There is a marked peculiarity in the form and colouring of this species, independently of the rippled plications near the margin. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatriotis Janus. Hal. testdé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter lirata, liris subtilibus angustis, interstitiis excavatis ; foraminibus senis perviis ; luteo-aurantid, fascid latd albidd, fusco grandimaculatd, prope foramines ornata. THE TWo-FAceD Haxroris. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally ridged, ridges fine, narrow, interstices excavated, six perforations open ; yellowish orange, ornamented next the perforations with a broad white band, coloured with large broad spots. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. | Hab. 2 The curious double style of painting which this shell exhibits is peculiar to the species, and not, as one might be led to imagine, a mere casual variety. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxroris crventa. Sal. testd ovatd, antice subattenuatd, spird elevatiusculd, spiraliter peculiariter undato- et corrugato-striata ; foraminibus subapproximatis, octonis pervis :; sanguineo albipunctato et albido sanguineo- punctato pulcherrimeé variegata. THE BLOOD-SMEARED Hattorrs. Shell ovate, a little attenuated anteriorly, spire rather elevated, spirally peculiarly striated in a waved and wrinkled manner ; perforations somewhat approximated, eight open ; beautifully variegated with white-dotted scarlet and scarlet-dotted white. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. July, 1846. HALIOTIS.—Puate XV. Hab. New Zealand. A very pretty species, perfectly distinguished from any other in form, sculpture, and colouring. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotis 1notsa. Hal. testéd ovatdé, medio subdepressé, spiraliter incisa, subtuberculiferd ; foraminibus amplis, quaternis perviis; albida et purpureo-viridi marmorata, albido minutissimeé rufo-punctato. THE ENGRAVED Hatioris. Shell ovate, a little depressed in the middle, spirally engraved, slightly tuberculi- ferous ; perforations large, four open; marbled with white and purple-green, the white very minutely dotted with red. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hak. ? Almost the entire surface of this shell is minutely speckled with red, over the green and white marbling. Hatstotis, LAX a > 2 Ea VOMES: Puate XVI. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) HALIoris STRIATA. depressa, spird subprominuld ; spiraliter crebristriatd, radiatim leviter rugosd ; foraminibus senis perviis ; rufo, Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, convexo- intus striata, irridescente, extus ferrugineo, alboque marmoratd. THE sTRIATED Hattoris. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly depressed, spire rather prominent; spirally closely striated, radiately lightly wrinkled ; six perforations open; interior striated, irridescent, exterior marbled with rusty brown, red, and white. Linn vs, Syst. nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256. Hab. ? T refer this shell to the H. striata of Linnzus, as being the nearest to accord with his description; it is quite im- possible to identify the species with any degree of certainty. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) Hawiotis ruGosA. Hal. testd ovatd, convex, medio leviter depressé, radiatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter Urata, liris obtusis, hic wlic majoribus ; foraminibus subamplis, quaternis pervits ; extus olivaceo-fusco viridique mar- morata. Tue RoucH Hatioris. Shell ovate, convex, slightly de- pressed in the middle, radiately plicately wrinkled, spirally ridged, ridges obtuse, here and there larger ; perforations rather large, four open ; exterior marbled with olive-brown and green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The ridges of this species are somewhat irregular near the apex, but in the middle they are arranged alternately one broad and three narrow. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotis rosacea. Hal. testé ovaté, convexo-depressd, spiraliter crebriliratd, liris striis exsculptis undique de- cussatis ; foraminibus peculiariter oblongo-ovatis, qua- ternis perviis ; extus corallo-rubro et roseo-albicante marmoratd, rubro viridi punctato. THE RosE-TINTED Haxroris. Shell ovate, convexly de- pressed, spirally closely ridged, decussated throughout with engraved stri; perforations peculiarly oblong ovate, four open; exterior marbled with deep coral red punctured with green. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? It is impossible to give any other than a very faint con- ception of this beautiful shell in a figure, the entire surface has a most delicate beaded appearance, and the colouring is extremely rich; there is also a marked peculiarity in the oblong shape of the perforations which very nearly approximate. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatiotis pertusa. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter postice subtilissimé sulcatd, sulcis pertusis, anticé exiliter liratd, sulcis lirisque subirregularibus et undatis ; Sora- minibus senis perviis; extus rufo-fuscd, strigis per- paucis lutescentibus undatis prope spiram, intus vivid? arridescente. Tue prickEeD Hatroris. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally posteriorly very finely grooved, grooves pricked, an- teriorly faintly ridged, grooves and ridges rather irregular and waved ; six perforations open; exterior ruddy brown, with a very few yellowish zigzag streaks near the spire, interior brightly irridescent. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? One half of the shell, next the spire, is sculptured with faint pricked grooves, the other with fine waved ridges. Species 62. (Mus. Metcalfe.) HALIOTIS PLANILIRATA. Hal. testd ovata, plano-converd, spiraliter liratd, liris planulatis, irregularibus ; fora- minibus quinis perviis ; olivaceo- et ceruleo-viridi. THE FLAT-RIDGED Hattoris. Shell ovate, flatly convex, spirally ridged, ridges flattened, irregular ; five holes open; olive and blueish green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? May be recognised by its dark blue-green flattened growth. Species 63. (Mus. Hanley.) HaLioris scuruLuM. Hal. testd convexd, spird depressé July, 1846. HALIOTIS.—Purate XVI. suboccultd, spiraliter exiliter liratd, liris planulatis, undulatis, his iltie majoribus ; foraminibus senis per- viis; olivaceo-fuscd, viridi pulcherrime articulatd, punctata, et maculata. THe sHtELD Hawroris. Shell convex, spire depressed, rather concealed, spirally faintly ridged, ridges flat- tened, waved, here and there larger; six holes open ; olive-brown, very beautifully articulated, dotted and spotted with green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. 2 The ridges of this species have a peculiar undulating character, and towards the middle of the shell are arranged one broad and three narrow alternately. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Haiotis ZEALANDICA. pressa, spiraliter irregulariter sulcatd. liris intermediis Hal. testé oblongo-ovatda, subde- obtusis, nunc latis, nune angustis, foraminibus senis perviis ; rufo-castaneo et albicante peculiariter mar- moratit. Tur New Zeavanp Hatioris. Shell oblong, rather depressed, spirally irregularly grooved, intermediate ridges obtuse, now broad, now narrow; six holes open; exterior peculiarly marbled with reddish ches- nut and red-tinged white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. New Zealand. Distinguished by the curious irregularity of the grooves, and its style of painting. Halrotes PL XIa HALIOTIS. PuatE XVII. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotis Drineu. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd, spiraliter striata, radiatim plicatd et tuberculosd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quaternis perviis ; eatus pallide virides- cente-luted, medio conspicue coccineo-tinctd, intus ar- gented. Drine’s Hatrotis. Shell orbicularly ovate, spirally stri- ated, radiately plicated and tuberculated ; perforations a little tubiferous, four open; exterior pale greenish yellow, conspicuously stained in the middle with scarlet, interior silvery. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. North coast of Australia; Dring. I dedicate this interesting little species to Mr. Dring, of H. M.S. Beagle, in remembrance of the many beautiful new species of shells for which we are indebted to him, from the comparatively unexplored region above noted. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) Haxrotis concinNA. al. testé suboblongo-ovatd, spira- liter striata, medio leviter tuberculatd, obliqué subob- scure plicatd ; foraminibus quaternis pervis ; carneo- albicante, coccineo-roseo profuse variegatd. Tue Neat Hattorts. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate, spirally striated, slightly tuberculated in the middle, obliquely rather obscurely plicated ; four perforations open; fleshy white, profusely variegated with scarlet- rose Retve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Zamboanga, Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. Another gaily-coloured species of similar style of paint- ing, but of a totally different form. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) (Magnified double.) Hauiotis GEMMA. al. testa suborbiculari-ovatd, plano- converd, latere sinistro latiusculo ; spiraliter tubercu- latd, radiatim pulcherrime minute plicato-squamatda ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quaternis quinisve perviis ; flavescente, coccineo viridique tincta. Tue Gem Hartorts. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, flatly convex, left side rather broad ; spirally tuber- culated, radiately very beautifully minutely plicately sealed; perforations a little tubiferous, four or five open; yellowish, stained with scarlet and green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The surface of this beautiful little species, besides being tuberculated, is covered with minute scales, which present a rather more prominent character on the left side beneath the perforations. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotis Lvauta. Hal. testd ovatd, antice attenuata, undato-tumidd, spiraliter liratd, liris subtilibus, con- Jertis, striis minutis decussatis ; foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; rubido et flavescente-albidd irregulariter marmorata. Tue sHowy Haxrorts Shell ovate, anteriorly attenuated, undately swollen, spirally ridged, ridges very fine, close-set, decussated with minute striz ; perforations rather large, five open; irregularly marbled with red and yellowish-white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Swan River Settlement, New Holland; Lieut. Preston. In form, and in the character of the perforations, this species bears some resemblance to the H. sanguinea, though its relation is very remote in other respects. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) Hatrotis parutata. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovata, spi- raliter obtuso-liraté, liris subdistantibus, conspicue tuberculatis ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quaternis per- vis ; corallo-rubidd, flavescente varia. THe prmpLep Haxrorrs. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, spirally obtusely ridged, ridges rather distant, conspicuously tuberculated ; perforations a little tubi- ferous, four open; dark coral-red, variegated here and there with patches of yellow. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. North coast of Australia; Dring. The pimpled sculpture of this shell is of a much more prominent character than that of the first three species of the plate. July, 1846. HALIOTIS.—Puare XVII. Fig. 70. The shell here figured from the cabinet of Mr. Gray, proves, on further examination, to be the young of H. san- guinea. Species 70. (Fig. 71, Mus. Cuming.) Haxroris ANcILE. Hal. testd ovatd, regulariter convexd, spiraliter exiliter noduloso-striatd, nodulis interdum subobscuris, interruptis ; foraminibus numerosis, parvis, octonis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, nodulis et circa spiram CUPYO-TOSELS. Tue Marrran BUcKLER HaLioris. formly convex, spirally faintly nodulously striated, nodules sometimes nearly obscure, interrupted ;_per- forations numerous, small, eight open; olive-green, nodules and around the spire coppery rose-red. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? Shell ovate, uni- An uniform convex shell striated with faint, interrupted, irregular, nodulous striz of a coppery rose hue, with the perforations very small and numerous. Species 71. (Fig. 72 Mus. Cuming.) Haziotis cuatHrata. Hal. testd semicirculari-ovatd, spiraliter crebriliratd, interstitiis striis subtilissime clathratis, radiatin plicaté ; foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; viridi et viride rufo variegata. Tue Larricep Hatrorrs. Shell semicircularly ovate, spirally closely ridged, interstices very finely latticed with stria, radiately plicated; perforations rather large, five open; variegated with green and bright red. ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. An interesting little species finely latticed between the ridges, and strongly plicated immediately around the spire. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) Hauiotis Jacnensis. Hal. testd oblongo-ovata, spiraliter peculiariter rude liratd, liris valde irregularibus, sub- squamosis, prope foramines sublevigatd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, distantibus ; rufescente-aurantid, intus argented. Tun Jacna Hantorts. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally pecu- liarly rudely ridged, ridges very irregular and rather sealy, somewhat smooth next the perforations, which are slightly tubiferous and distant; reddish-orange, interior silvery. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Jacna, Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. A very characteristic species, to which there is little or no approximation in any other. Species 73. (Fig. 74, Mus. Cuming.) Haniorrs Sromarrerormis. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, valde convexd, spiraliter striatd, radiatim subtiliter plicatd, spird subterminali, elevatd ; foraminibus quinis perviis ; olivaceo viridique marmoratd. Tue Sromatra-sHapeD Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, very convex, spirally striated, radiately finely plicated , spire nearly terminal, elevated; five perforations open; marbled with olive and green. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. New Zealand. Well distinguished by its conspicuously convex oblong form, resembling in great measure that of some of the Stomatie HALIOTIS. [Temporary Index.) albicans; Quoyisee= -ii-- 1-0. Xe 30 Midee, Linneus ............ Vv. ANGI, JUFO bck ceecodsebuenne 2 NAOE 70 multiperforata, Reeve........ IX. DURING // Deeeeancobesnue XV. 54 MEMOS UG Dcagocooonvcoucon IDG Ronnie) JUMaS soasenecopspec NAL 18 nebulata, Reeve ............ XIV. aStrictas eevee sanaeas aes |) SUITE 4] ovina, Chemnitz ............ ID australis, Lamarck ........ ETE ii EPMENEY SEA cogcancbosoancos AWAUl bistriata, Gmelin .......... xe Biot eae, Jae pooseacmsonoosos We Californiensis, Swainson ......... VIII. 26 EMME JED, © ca cecaeueooe XVI. canaliculata, Lamarck ...... XGVE 53 lant inated ener XVI. canaliculata, Schubert ..... . Te 5 pulcherrima, Martyn ........ 1 Conensis Dun kervets te iter aN 16 pustulata, Reeve XV. Clathrata, Reeve ........... XVII. 71 reticulata Reeve ........... XIV. COON, Ch oaacacapctcceaocenen NAUL 22 ocdingiis Menke, ears iclersieieiis Le coccoradiata, 7d. ..5.-..--.-..-. MUD 46 RGGI Graymeear ce hens sci lsrs.ck: pear DLV CONCINN ANIA Ae eee ie een Oy LL 66 LOSACCas CEUE! tea sores seri XVI. corrugata, Gray............ IV. 12 (ida ULE: Ss G6 cbuooo bene IX. Cracherodii, Leach ........ Wille 23 rubicunda, Gray............ Il. CHUN) JPA as cecoasannoeane | AVE 56 rubiginosa, Reeve............... XIII. Cunninghamii, Gray ........... I. 3 rufescens, Swainson ......... I. Hates, JONES 66 Gh 6p6000 068 IV. ll WNL Se sgacsocencensases A WIl GURGWK:, JHA Soaneasacoscucoon XS 31 rugoso-plicata Chemnitz Il. Giversicolompecucl a aera e Nell. 39 RpUY MEL, Jase cocoon epaces Wik IDFA, MAE soacnosaeecacdas | DM\ANE 65 seabricosta Menke .............. IV. Glepans whch eee ee VIL. 2] Scutulumsp/tecver .. sc eel sete ONL IES, CHAP ooeneccacccee coon oS 29 semistriata, id....... Pee ts or XIV. excavata, Lamarck ............. VIII. 25 OCU Las poposconnesdedas | XlYe jiciformis, Menke.......... VI. 17 SION Le ewan omermeooes. | ell. PUNCDLISHMA CELE Mat ier catia) NUL 38 SPECIOSA (darter ayenrctishcls Joe XIV. einer Oe Doagascacoae XVII 67 Splendens47dsae sierra ee RE, JOM Mos oscdocoocconee MME 42 RG UEIIRIOL Wh oo poconaonodosnoco Alli, gigantea, Chemnitz............. VI. 19 SQUAM OSa5y GU Ayfaer laste elt VII. Gti, Rianne ao acoguscaaose VIL. 23 Stomatizformis, Reeve........... XVII. plabrasnOhemmnitas sree e oe shies I, 2 Retin, INE oo ecconsosecener XVI. ATIGISA Sy LEU Cr Sse PIONS Nota rras XV. 57 mMavlorianayecvet isles veces es XII. Tht, (CHPAN he pecetoa ee bo Somos. wUE 37 tricostalis, Lamarck ......... eee SLT ACHeNSIS: Eevee ye neces ee | NOVI 72 tuberculata, Linneus ............ YO UEUILE, We) A Bed 8 cies Aleem eye eae XV. 55 tubifera; amareck << .5..:....-.. VI UENCE oe oe Gee Bear en ae We 13 VAUIAy LANMEUS) rs) 05) 21) «ious oan Il. Kamtschatkana, Jonas.......... III. 8 Vviroineas Chemutizin sie XI. Wamellosa; Lamarck o..5........ V. 14 We obec obeneoneecc, olNl, lanitawpleceve nr ee eae ier | NOVI 68 EAMG. bo popaconseaocuoss ANIL MEME CRU bcn po ouomtn oa ce ee We ll ACH Cr aac orac 58 NOL, mMAnMOnatas GAY) a sees: XII. 44 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Meee INE Gea, Ii sae ““T named them as they passed, and understood Their nature, with such knowledge God endned My sudden apprehension: but in these I found not what methought I wanted still.” —Af/ton. Mav gelia £4. 1. iLeeve, nip del.et hth rby MANGELIA. Prats I. (Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural size.) Genus Maneertta, Leach. Testa Marginellaformis aut fusiformis, plerumque longitu- dinaliter costata, spird nune brevi, nunc acuminato- turritd ; columella labroque intus subtilissime rugoso- denticulatis, labro incrassato, superné leviter sinuato ; canali brevissimo, plus minusve truncato. Shell Marginella-shaped or fusiform, mostly longitudinally ribbed, spire sometimes short, sometimes acuminately turreted; lip and columella very finely rugosely denticulated, lip thickened, slightly sinuated at the upper part; canal very short, more or less truncated. M. Deshayes passes a severe and somewhat merited reprimand upon M. Kiener, for having, in genus Cancel- laria of his ‘ Ieconographie’, which professes to illustrate the shells contained in the Lamarckian collection, omitted mention of the C. ¢hiarella of that illustrious author, not- withstanding the authority “‘mon cabinet” attached to that species in the ‘ Animaux sans vertcbres’.* It would certainly have been desirable if M. Kiener had published his reasons for this omission, for they were probably founded on the discovery that the shell in question is not only no Cancellaria at all, but that it is not referable to any genus hitherto established. Mr. Sowerby had already intimated that this shell belongs to another genus; and M. Deshayes erroneously imagines, from Martini’s figure, that it may be the young of Strombus plicatus. This “ Fusus ad formam cithare compositus”’ of Martini, Cancellaria citharella of Lamarck, has been collected in various states by Mr. Cuming, at the Philippine Islands, together with upwards of fifty other closely allied species, the whole of which are new and display a very striking association of character. In addition to these I have a new one from Australia, one from Sicily, some from the West Indies collected by the Rev. Lansdowne Guilding, and five collected by Capt. Belcher during the surveying ex- pedition of the ‘Sulphur’, described and figured by Mr. Hinds in the Zoology of that Voyage ; all of which I now propose to assemble under the head of Mangelia, a genus proposed some years since in manuscript, by the late Dr. Leach of the British Museum, of which I find no published | record. The Mangelia are nearest allied to those aberrant species of Pleurotoma in which the predominant character of that genus, the fissure in the upper extremity of the lip, be- comes modified into a somewhat obscure sinus. Their general aspect is that of a more or less fusiform Maryi- nella, without plaits or polished exterior ; distinguished, on the other hand, by a row of faint wrinkle-like denti- culations on the inner surface of the lip and columella, and a gutter-like sinus in the lip at its junction with the body-whorl, in a manner similar to that of the Pleurotomee above referred to. It is rarely an author has the pleasure of introducing a whole genus of seventy new species, but such is the op- portunity which the indefatigable exertions of Mr. Cuming have afforded me, with the exception of the one included by Lamarck with the Cancellarie, and the five published by Mr. Hinds in the ‘Zoology of the Sulphur’. They were found by that eminent traveller under various cireum- stances, some on the reefs, some in concealed situations under stones, and some at depths varying from three to twenty five fathoms. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGeELrA SIcuLa. minata, anfractibus rotundatis, gibbosiusculis, concen- Mang. testi subfusiformi, spird acu- tricé costatis, levibus ; apertura brevi, ovatd, sinu sub- conspicuo ; intus extusque castaneo-fuscd, labro flavi- cante, fusco-lineato. THe Srein1aN Maneewia. Shell somewhat fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls rounded, rather gibbous, concentrically ribbed, smooth, aperture short, ovate, sinus rather conspicuous ; dark chesnut-brown within and without, lip yellowish, crossed with fine brown lines Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Sicily. I place this species at the commencement of the series as indicating the nearest approach to Plewrotoma; oscil- lating in character between that of the two genera, it might be referred with equal propriety to either. * Ty a une autre coquille, la Cancellaria citharella de Lamarck, et dont M. Kiener ne parle pas dans sa Monographie. Une telle lacune est fiicheuse dans un ouvrage aussi spécialement consacré a Villustration de la partie conchyliologique des animaux sans vertébres. M. Sowerby Suppose que cette coquille appartient 4 un autre genre, et si l'on s’en rapporte a la figure citée de Martini, elle ne serait en effet qu'un jeune Strombe. TI] appartenait donc 4 M. Kiener d’éclairer la science A ce sujet.” And again, “ M. Kiener nous laisse dans l’ignorance la plus complete 4 l’égard de cette espéce de Lamarck. Nous avons toujours cru que Pun des buts que se proposait auteur du Species des coquilles, était de donner des renseignemens positifs sur les especes de Lamarck, mises d sa disposition. En s’abstenant, M. Kiener ote gratuitement 4 son ouvrage ce qui lui aurait donné le plus d’intéret, non-seulement aux yeux des simples amateurs, qui tous consultent les travaux de Lamarck, mais aussi ceux des personnes qui font de la science d’une maniére serieuse et qui recherchent avec avidité tout ce qui peut les éclairer sur les especes de Lamarck. Cette Cancellaria citharella, Wapres la figure de Martini, nous semble une jeune Strombus plicatus de Lamarck.” —Dursuayes, Animaux sans vertebres, vol. ix. p. 401 and 407. May, 1846. MANGELIA.—Puare I. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGeita vextttum. Mang. testa oblongo-ovatd, anfrac- tibus superne depressis, nodosis, costis e nodis descen- dentibus, superficie totd decussatim striata, quasi sub- tilissime decussaté ; aurantio-luted, fasciis albicanti- bus angustis undique cingulata, Tur FLAG ManGeEta. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls de- pressed round the upper part, noduled, with ribs descending from the nodules, entire surface of the shell decussately striated, as if very finely granulated ; orange-yellow, encircled throughout with narrow whitish bands. Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Mlo Ilo, Isle of Panay, Philippines (found under stones); Cuming. A prettily marked species of a bright orange-yellow colour, banded with white like a miniature Orange-flag Volute; the minute decussated sculpture of the surface is also characteristic. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneeita tyra. Mang. testé trigono-fusiformi, anfrac- tibus superné angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis subobliquis, ad angulum incrassatis ; castaneo-fuscd, lineis albicantibus decussatis, labro albicante. THE LYRE MaNGELIA. Shell triangularly fusiform, whorls angulated at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather oblique, thickened at the angle ; chesnut- brown, crossed with whitish lines, lip whitish. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. The white lines which encircle this dark chesnut-brown shell are most conspicuous on the ribs. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGELia ANTILLARUM. Mang. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, levigatd, longitudinaliter concentrice costatd, costis JSortibus, subobtusis, distantibus ; cinereo-carnei, costis fascia rubida tinctis, labro albicante, rubido fasciatim tincto. Toe West Inpia Maneenta. Shell somewhat pyri- formly ovate, smooth, longitudinally concentrically ribbed, ribs strong, rather obtuse, distant; ashy flesh-colour, ribs stained with a reddish band, lip whitish, stained with reddish bands. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. TTab. West Indies. This is a fine species, and one highly typical of the genus. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming,) MANGELIA CITHARELLA. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd, anfractibus superné angulato-depressis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis e suturis descendentibus, ad angulum nodosis, levibus, interstitiis subtilissimé elevato-striatis, albidd, costis luteo-rufo lineata et fasciatd. THE LITTLE HARP MANGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate, whorls angular, depressed at the upper part, longitu- dinally ribbed, ribs descending from the sutures, no- dose on the angle, smooth, interstices very finely ele- vately striated ; whitish, ribs lineated and banded with yellowish-red. Cancellaria citharella, Lamarck. Icon. Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. pl. 142. f. 1330. Hab. Island of Siquijor, (found on the sands); Cuming. Having already spoken of this species in my introductory observations, at the commencement of the genus, it only remains to notice that it was figured by Martini, in 1780 under the head of “ Fust ad formam cithare compositi’’, and referred by Lamarck to the genus Cancellaria under an impression that the faint wrinkle-like denticulations of the columella, which are only developed in the mature shell, are indentical with the plaits which wind round the colu- mella of the Cancellaria throughout its entire growth. To make his shell accord with the generic character of Cancel- laria Lamarck described the columella as bemg “ multipli- cata, plicis tenuissimis ;” it will be found however, on ex- amination, that they are not plaits at all, but one of several characteristic peculiarities of growth and sculpture which are more or less variably developed throughout the whole of the species here associated under the title of Mangelia. Species 6. (Fig. @ and 6 Mus. Cuming.) Maneett1a Mareinettorpes. Mang. testé pyriformi- ovata, spird brevi, acutd ; anfractibus superné angulatis, longitudinaliter multicostatis, costis tenuibus, crebris, suturis descendentibus ; lacteo-ceruled aut cinereo-fuscd, lineis rubidis cingulatd, anfractiis ultimi parte supra angulum macula grandi nigricante conspicué tinctd. Tue MarGINeLLA-LikE Manertra. Shell pyriformly ovate, spire short, acute; whorls angulated at the upper part, longitudinally many-ribbed, ribs thin, close-set, descending from the sutures, ; milky blueish colour, or ashy brown, encircled with ruddy lines, portion of the last whorl above the angle conspicu- ously stained with a blackish blotch. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. This is an extremely interesting species having the typi- cal form of a Marginella, and almost as highly polished in front from the abundant secretion of enamel which paves the vicinity of the aperture. For species 7. see Plate I. Mangelea ALLE Sowerby, del. et. ith Reeve uaxp MANGELIA. Prats II. (Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural size.) Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA FUNICULATA. Marg. testd trigono-fusiformi, subelongatd, anfractibus superné depressis, longitudina- liter tenuicostatis, levibus ; cinereo-fuscd, costis labroque albicantibus. THE CORDED Manes ra. Shell triangularly fusiform, rather elongated, whorls depressed at the upper part, longi- tudinally, finely ribbed, smooth; ashy brown, ribs and outer lip whitish. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. The fine smooth white ribs of this species, on a dark ground, give the shell the appearance of being strung with longitudinal cords. (Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA CAVERNOSA. angulato-turrité ; anfractibus superné angulatis, intra Mang. testé oblongo-ovatd, spirt costis cavernosis, costis fortibus, obtusis, e suturis des- cendentibus ; albd, aurantio-fusco hic illic sparsim maculata Tur cavernous Mancetta. Shell oblong-ovate, spire angularly turreted; whorls angulated at the upper part, cavernous between the ribs, ribs strong, obtuse, descending from the sutures ; white, sparingly spotted here and there with orange-brown. Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands); Cuming. The orange-brown spotting is mostly on the cavernous portion of the whorls above the angle. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGeELIa cytinpRIcA. Mang. testd cylindraceo-fusi- formi, apice acutd, longitudinaliter subtiliter costatd, transversime levato-striatd ; pellucido-albd, fuscescente tinctd, aurantio-fusco infra suturas maculata. THE cyLInpDRIcAL ManGetta. Shell cylindrically fusi- form, sharp at the apex, longitudinally finely ribbed, transversely elevately striated; transparent white, stained with pale brown, spotted beneath the sutures with orange-brown. Ruzve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. The orange-brown spots, as in the former species, are arranged round the upper portion of the whorls beneath the sutures. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA capILLAcEaA. Mang. testd ovato-fusiformi, spire suturis profundis ; anfractibus superné depressis, transversim subtilissime et creberrimé elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, suberectis, su- perne leviter mucronatis ; fuscescente, lineis subtilibus Suscescentibus zonatda. THE HArR-GIRT Manegtta. Shell ovately fusiform, sutures of the spire deep; whorls depressed at the upper part, transversely very finely and closely ele- vately striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, somewhat erect, a little pointed at the top; light brown, zoned with fine brown lines. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines, (found among coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. Encireled with fine brown lines which on the summit of the raised striz have the appearance of hair. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming). ManGe1ia Graciiis. Mang. testd gracili-fusiformi, trans- versim subtilissime striatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis angustis ; albd, castaneo-fusco indistincte zonaté et maculata. THE SLENDER Manceia. Shell slenderly fusiform, transversely very finely striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow; white, indistinctly zoned and blotched with chesnut-brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. The peculiarities of this shell are very briefly defined, but they are not, on that account, less characteristic of a very distinct and elegantly formed species. The brown May, 1846. MANGELIA.—P tate II. zoned painting is most conspicuous on the back of the last whorl, where it forms a rude blotch. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA LAMELLATA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovata, spire suturis profundis, subcavernosis, anfractibus trans- versim elevato-striatis, striis fortibus, subdistantibus, longitudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, erectis, lamel- leformibus, superné leviter mucronatis ; albida, fusco pallidissimé zonata. THE LAMELLATED ManGexta. Shell fusiformly ovate, sutures of the spire deep, a little cavernous ; whorls transversely elevately striated, strie strong, rather distant, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, erect, lamella-like, slightly pointed at the top; white, zoned with very pale brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Isle of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by the narrow elevated lamella-like character of the ribs. Fig. 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneetia Gracitis. Var. 8. I had figured this shell as a species distinct from the I. gracilis, but upon further examination, am inclined to think that it is merely a variety, with the transverse strie more strongly developed, and the longitudinal ribs less so. For Species 13 see Plate V. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Manceuia virtata. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, subco- nici, spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costarum interstitiis striis fortibus clathratis ; albidd, olivaceo-fusco latifasciatd, costarum parte oli- vaceo-fusca albipunctata, THE RIBAND-BOUND Mancetta. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat conical, spire short, obtuse; whorls longi- tudinally ribbed, interstices between the ribs latticed with strong strie; whitish, encircled with broad olive-brown bands, the coloured portion of the ribs being dotted with white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. (sland of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. An interesting species so distinct from any other I have met with, that it may be recognised without difficulty. Mangelia Lt M2. 186 Sowerby, del. et hth MANGELIA. Puate IIT. (Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGELIA zonata. Mang. testi abbreviato-fusiformi, spira breviusculd, turritd, suturis profundis ; anfracti- bus longitudinaliter costatis, costis e suturis descenden- tibus ; levigaté ; alba, zond conspicud aurantio-fuscd cingulata. Tur zoNED ManGetta. Shell shortly fusiform, spire rather short, turreted, sutures deep ; whorls longitu- dinally ribbed, ribs descending from the sutures ; smooth ; white, encircled with a conspicuous zone of orange brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. A delicate white shell, encircled throughout with a dark orange-brown zone. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) MancGeria mnterRuPTA. Mang. testa oblongo-ovata, spird brevi, anfractibus superné nodosis, costis e nodis descen- dentibus ; alba, lineis nigris subtilissimis transversis in- terruptis, creberrime dispositis, inter costas ornatd. THE INTERRUPTED MANGELIA. Shell oblong-ovate, spire short, whorls nodose round the upper part, with nbs descending from the nodules; white, ornamented between the ribs with very fine interrupted transverse black lines, ranging very close to one another. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands); Cuming. A very significant character is here displayed, in the in- terstices between the ribs being painted with short black hair lines. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA RETICULATA. Mang. fusiformi-ovatd, spird breviusculd, apice acuminata ; anfractibus superné per- pendiculariter compressis, deinde tumidiusculis et longi- tudinaliter costatis, costarum interstitiis exiliter oblique reticulatis ; albidd, cinereo pallide zonatd, costis exiliter fusco-punctatis. THE RETICULATED Mancetta. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire rather short, acuminated at the apex; whorls perpendicularly compressed round the upper part, then a little swollen and longitudinally ribbed, inter- stices between the ribs faintly obliquely reticulated ; whitish, zoned with pale ash, ribs faintly dotted with brown. Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. This species is distinguished by a peculiar perpendi- cular depression of the upper portion of the whorls, toge- ther with the faint reticulated sculpture of the interstices between the ribs. The colouring is also characteristic. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA FULCHELLA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd, subcylindraced, spird breviusculd, apice acuminata ; an- Sractibus superné rotundatis, longitudinaliter multicos- tatis, costis tenuibus, gracilibus, concentrice dispositis, anfractuum superficie totd ewilissimé reticulatd ; luteo- albicante, maculis quadratis parvis rufis costarum in- terstitiis fasciatim cingulata. THe preTTy Mancewta. Shell fusiformly ovate, some- what cylindrical, spire rather short, acuminated at the apex ; whorls rounded at the upper part, longitu- dinally many-ribbed, ribs thin, slender, arranged con- centrically ; entire surface of the whorls very faintly reticulated ; yellowish-white, encircled throughout in the interstices between the ribs, with bands of small square red. spots. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming. Anextremely pretty species, strikingly tessellated through- out with bright square red spots. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) MaNGELIA FustroRMIs. Mang. testd fusiformi, anfracti- bus superne subangulatis, ad angulum nodosis, costis tenuibus subsuperficiariis e nodis descendentibus, trans- May, 1846. MANGELIA.—Ptate IIT. versim creberrime, striatis; luteo-albicante, punctis perpaucis aurantio-fuscis tincta. Tue FustrorM Maneetta. Shell fusiform, whorls slightly angulated round the upper part, nodose at the angle, with thin rather superficial ribs descending from the nodules, transversely very closely striated ; yellowish white, stained with orange brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Isle of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. The orange-brown spots which characterize this species, are few in number, and very faintly indicated. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) ManeGenia Lyrica. Mang. testa fusiformi, utrinque acu- minatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter concentrice cos- tatis, transversim elevato-striatis ; fuscescente, auran- tio-fusco pallide et indistincté fasciata. THE LyRIcaAL ManGeta. Shell fusiform, acuminated at both ends, whorls longitudinally concentrically ribbed, transversely elevately striated ; ight brown, palely and indistinctly banded with orange-brown. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Isle of Burias, Philippme Islands (found among coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. Lightly ribbed and more acuminated at the base than any of the former species of this plate. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA GIBBOSA. brevissinad ; anfractibus superné gibbosis et nodulosis, longitudinaliter costatis, levigatis ; cinereo-albicante, lineis aurantio-fuscis exilibus cingulata, dorso superneé nigricante tincto. THE HUNCH-BACKED MANGELIA. Shell ovately conical, spire very short; whorls gibbous and nodulous round the upper part, longitudinally mbbed, smooth; ashy white, encircled with faint orange-brown lines, back stamed with pale black at the upper part. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. Mang. testé ovato-conicd, spird A short conical shell characterized by very faint brown hair lines, and a dark neutral tint blotch on the back at the summit of the last whorl. Mangelia FULVS 8 Ss R RO6 Reeve, imp Wr thy, del. et Jith MANGELIA. Puate IV. (Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Mancerta Macutata. Mang. testa subfusiformi, basi truncatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis, tenuibus sub- distantibus, concentricé dispositis; sinu latiusculo ; alba, maculis subquadratis aurantio-fuscis inter costas. THE sPoTTED MancGenta. Shell somewhat fusiform, truncated at the base, longitudinally ribbed, ribs thin, rather distant, concentrically arranged; sinus rather broad; white, with somewhat square orange-brown spots between the ribs. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. The orange-brown spots which constitute one of the distinguishing features of this species are very characte- ristic on the last whorl, but on the upper whorls only the upper portion of them remain visible. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA TURRICULA. Mang. testé fusiformi-turritd, suturis profundis; anfractibus plano-depressis, longitu- dinaliter concentricé costatis ; albicante, lineis subtilis- simis aurantio-fuscis obsolete cingulata. THE LITTLE TOWER ManGeLia. Shell fusiformly tur- reted, sutures deep ; whorls flatly depressed, longitu- dinally concentrically ribbed ; whitish, obsoletely en- circled with very fine orange-brown lines. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sand); Cuming. The orange-brown lines above described are too faintly indicated to be represented in the figure, indeed they are but just discernible with the lens. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Mancetta CoLuMBELLOIDES. Mang. testd ovatd, spirt brevi, acutd; anfractibus superne leviter rotundatis, transversim elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter tenuicos- tatis, labro medio tumido, intus fortiter denticulato ; nived, costis eximié aurantio-fusco punctatis. May, THE CoLUMBELLA-LIKE MANGELIA. Shell ovate, spire short, acute; whorls slightly rounded at the upper part, tranversely elevately straited, longitudinally finely ribbed, lip swollen in the middle, strongly den- ticulated within ; snowy white, ribs delicately dotted with orange-brown. Reezve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found on mud banks); Cuming. An extremely interesting species distinguished by its Columbella-like structure, and faint dotted colouring of the ribs. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneetta Cononettcoipes. Mang. testé ovato-conica, spird brevissimd, acuta; anfractibus transversim elevato- striatis, longitudinaliter multilirata, iris tenuibus, ante suturas evanidis ; luteo-albicante, dorso macula grandi aurantio-fusca interdum tincto. THe CoNOHELIX-LIKE MANGELIA. Shell ovately conical, spire very short, acute ; whorls transversely elevately striated, longitudinally many-ridged, ridges thin, fading before the sutures; yellowish-white, back sometimes stained with a large orange-brown blotch. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Daleguete, Isle of Zebu, Philippines (found under stones); Cuming. Distinguished by that peculiar conical form, which is typified in the Mitres, separated by Mr. Swainson under the title of Conoheliv. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGetia TENEBROSA. Mang. testa subfusiformi, spird acuminato-turritd; anfractibus superné plano-depressis, suturis profundis, transversim striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis distantibus ; intus eatusque castaneo- fused. Tur parK Mancetia. Shell somewhat fusiform, spire acuminately turrited; whorls flatly depressed at the top, sutures deep; transversely striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs distant; dark chesnut brown within and without. 1846. MANGELIA.—Puare IV. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming. A dark brown sharply turreted deep-water species. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Mancetia Nov# Houranpim. Mang. testé ovata, in- ferné attenuatd, subconicd, spird brevi; anfractibus superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter oblique costatis ; livido-cinered, apice basique nigricantibus, labro albido, aperture fauce fusca. Tue New Ho~tanp Mancetta. Shell ovate, attenuated at the lower part, somewhat conical, spire short ; whorls rounded at the upper part, longitudinally ob- liquely ribbed ; livid ash-colour, base and apex_black- ish, ip whitish, interior of the aperture brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Swan River. A very characteristic species exhibiting a curious variety of dingy colouring. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneeiia tivipa. Mang. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, apice acuminata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter concentricé cos- tatis, costis tenuibus ; livido-carned. Tuo tivip Maneexta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, acuminated at the apex, whorls longitudinally con- centrically ribbed, ribs thin ; livid flesh-colour. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs): Cuming. A livid flesh-colowred shell, simply longitudinally ribbed. 1 pf Sowerby, del et hth PO MANGELIA. PuatTE V. (Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PYRAMIDALIS. Mang. testd pyramidali, tur- itd, longitudinaliter costatd, costarum interstitiis striatis ; aperturd pared, brevi; albda. THE PYRAMIDAL MancGeLta. Shell pyramidal, turreted, longitudinally mbbed, interstices between the ribs striated ; aperture small, short ; white. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Of a somewhat hexagonal form, arising from the ribs following one under the other. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneetta Dysont. Mang. testd ovata, spird breviusculd, anfractibus superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter ereber- rime tenuicostatis, striis transversis decussatis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco pallideé bifasciatd. Dyson’s Mancertia. Shell ovate, spire rather short, whorls rounded at the upper part, longitudinally very closely finely ribbed, decussated with transverse strize ; whitish, encircled with two faint bands of orange- brown. Hab. Honduras (found on the sands); Dyson. The ribs beg decussated with striz have a slightly granular appearance. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) M:xGet1a asysstcota. Mang. testé oblongo-ovaté, utringue conspicue attenuata, longitudinaliter costatd, lineis elevatis cingulata ; albidd, fusco zonata. THE DEEP-DWELLING ManGeiia. Shell oblong-ovate, conspicuously attenuated at both ends, longitudinally ribbed, encircled with raised lines; whitish, zoned with brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Islayd of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming. Peculiarly attenuated at both ends, and corded through- out with Tysed strie. % Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) ManceLia’ Bicotor. Mang. testd oblong, concentricé costatd, costarum interstitiis subtilissimé striatis ; supra albida, infra plumbed. THE TWo-coLoURED Mancetia. Shell oblong, concen- trically ribbed, interstices between the ribs very finely striated ; white above, lead colour below. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. Distinguished in some measure by its conspicuous con- trast of colour. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGELIA FUNEBRIS. Mang. testé oblonga, concentricé costata, costarum interstitiis levibus; albida, fascié plumbed lata cingulatda. THE MOURNING ManGeEtta. Shell oblong, concentrically ribbed, interstices between the ribs smooth ; whitish, encircled with a broad lead-coloured band. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. The spire is rather more elevated than in the former species, and the shell has altogether a different aspect. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Mancenia Srromporpes. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird subturritd ; anfractibus superné angulatis, longi- ludinaliter costatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, inter- stitiis subtilissimé striatis ; albida. Tue STRoMBUS-LIKE MaNnGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire somewhat turreted ; whorls angulated round the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle, interstices very finely striated ; whitish. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines. Mr. Cuming possesses a specimen of this shell from the Red Sea, collected by Dr. Riippell. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PALLIDA. Mang. testa ovatd, concentricé cos- tata, costis subotusis ; alba. THe PALE Mancetta. Shell ovate, concentrically ribbed, ribs rather obtuse; white. June, 1846. MANGELIA.—Prare V. Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. A small white species with stout concentric ribs. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGexia THNIATA. Mang. testa oblongo-fusiformi, levis- simd, longitudinaliter plicato-costata ; albidé aut lutes- cente, lineis fuscis conspicue cingulata. Tue FILLETTED Maneexta. Shell oblong-fusiform, very smooth, longitudinally plicately ribbed; whitish or yellowish, conspicuously encircled with brown lines. Pleurotoma teniata, Deshayes, Expéd Morée p. 178. pl. xix. f. 37-39. Pleurotoma eburneum, Bivon. Hab. Mediterranean. A smooth yellowish species encircled with fine brown lines. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA CRASSILABRUM. Mang. testd oblonga, spird brevi, subturritd, anfractibus superneé rotundatis, longi- tudinaliter crebricostatis ; labro valdé incrassato ; plumbeo-fasciatd, obscure subtilissime albilineata. THE THICK-LIPPED Manepiia. Shell oblong, spire short, a little turreted, whorls rounded at the upper part, longitudinally closely ribbed; lip more than usually thickened; lead colour or banded with lead colour, crossed with numerous obscure fine white lines. Hab. Islands of Ticao and Bohol, Philippines; Cuming. Distinguished by its swollen lip. Vargo ls “te LOVE. ga 3 49 powerby, del et. hth. MANGELIA. Pratt VI. (Specimens, except Figs. 37 and 39, magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 37. (Mus. Belcher.) MaNnGELIA oryza. Mang. testdé attenuaté, acuminata, levigatd, nitidd, hexagoneé plico-costulata ; anfractibus septenis ; albida. THE RICE-GRAIN Mancetia. Shell attenuated, acumi- nated, smooth, shining, hexagonally plicately ribbed ; whorls seven in number; whitish. Hryps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. pl. 9. f. 4. Hab. North coast of New Guinea (from twenty-two fathoms, mud) ; Hinds. The figure of this species is of the natural size. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PESSULATA. spird breviusculd, longitudinaliter eximié suboblique Mang. testa cylindraceo-oblonga, costatd, costarum interstitiis subtilissime striatis ; nived. THE BARRED Maneniia. Shell rather cylindrically oblong, spire rather short; longitudinally delicately rather obliquely ribbed, interstices between the ribs very finely striated ; snowy white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The sculpture of this shell is of a most delicate character. Species 39. (Mus. Belcher.) MANGELIA CINNAMOMEA. cinnamomed, albifasciata ; anfractibus senis, plico-cos- tulatis, transversim levissime striatis. THE CINNAMON MancGetra. Shell attenuated, smooth, cinnamon-coloured, white-banded ; whorls six in num- ber, plicately ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 25. pl. 9. f. 1. Hab. North coast of New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca (from five to twenty-two fathoms, mud); Hinds. Of the natural size, from Mr. Hinds’ figure. Mang. testaé attenuata, nitidd, (Species 40. Mus. Forbes.) MANGELIA RIGIDA. fortiter tuberculato-costatd, transversim subtilissime Mang. testé ovata, longitudinaliter striatd ; fuscescente. THe ricip Manentra. Shell ovate, longitudinally strongly tubercularly ribbed, transversely very finely striated; light brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846. Hab. Aigean Sea; Forbes. T cannot identify this with any of the Mediterranean species of Plewrotoma hitherto described. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA ELEGANS. Mang. testd oblongd, spird brevius- culd, acuminatd, anfractibus superne angulatis, longi- tudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, ad angulum mucro- natis, costarum interstitiis pulcherrimé elevato-striatis ; lutescente-albd, exilissime fusco-zonata. Tur ELeGant Maneptra. Shell oblong, spire rather short, acuminated, whorls angulated at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, pointed at the angle, interstices between the ribs very beautifully elevately striated ; yellowish white, very faintly zoned with brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. An interesting species most delicately sculptured. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA LINEATA. Mang. testa ovatd, spiré acuminate ; concentricé obtuso-costatd, levigatd ; carneo-fuscescente, lineis saturatioribus undique cingulata. Tue LINEATED Maneuiia. Shell ovate, spire acumi- nated; concentrically obtusely ribbed, smooth ; fleshy brown, encircled throughout with lines of a darker tint. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The transverse lines which characterize this species are somewhat faintly indicated. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) MaNGELIA PLANILABRUM. Mang. testd fusiformi, utrin- que acuminata, levissimd, anfractibus superne depressis, longitudinaliter costatis ; labro planulato, supra suban- gulato ; cinereo-purpurascente, albi-zonatd. THE FLAT-LIPPED MANGELIA. Shell fusiform, acuminated at both ends, very smooth, whorls depressed round the upper part, longitudinally ribbed; lip flattened, slightly angulated above; ashy purple, zoned with white. June, 1846. MANGELIA.—Ptate VI. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. An extremely pretty and characteristic species. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PONDEROSA. Mang. testi ovaté, spird brevius- culd, acuminata, anfractibus convexis, liris eximiis lon- gitudinalibus striisque transversis eleganter clathratis ; labro valdé incrassato ; albicante, maculis perpaucis Suseis tincta. THe PoNDEROUS Maneettia. Shell ovate, spire rather short, acuminated, whorls convex, latticed with trans- verse strize and delicate longitudinal ridges; lip very much thickened; whitish, stained with a very few brown spots. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. A fine species with the surface delicately latticed with ridges and raised strie. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA GINNANNIA. Mang. testé pyramidali-acumi- natd, concentrice tuberculato-costatd, levigatd, apertura breviusculd ; lutescente-carnea. Tue Grynannta Maneenra. Shell pyramidally acumi- nated, concentrically tubercularly ribbed, smooth, aperture rather short ; yellowish flesh-colour. Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe mérid. p. 220. pl. 7. 99. Pleurotoma Ginnannianum, Scacchi. Hab, Mediterranean. Sometimes of a dull leaden colour. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) a Mancenta Berrranpr. Mang. testd oblongd, subturritd, levigatd, nitidd, longitudinaliter costatd ; purpureo- Suscd, costis labo basique albidis. Brrtranp’s Maneenia. Shell oblong, somewhat tur- reted, smooth, shining, longitudinally ribbed ; purple- brown, ribs base and lip white. Pleurotoma Bertrandi, Payrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse p- 144. pl. 7. f. 12 and 13. Hab. Mediterranean. It is seareely necessary to observe that this species is quite distinct from the Plewrotoma Vauquelini, which should also be referred to this genus. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneeira Hornpecki. Mang. testd ovatd, spird brevi- usculd, acutd, suturis profundis, subcavernosis, longitu- dinaliter costatd, costis prominentibus, transversim subtilissime striata, alba. Hornpnck’s Mancenia. Shell ovate, spire rather short, acute, sutures deep, somewhat cavernous, longitudi- nally ribbed, ribs prominent, transversely very mi- nutely striated ; white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Dr. Hornbeck. Distinguished by the prominent character of the ribs, and the depth of the sutures. Species 48. (Mus. Metcalfe.) MANGELIA CASTANEA. natd, concentrice tenuicostatd, costarum interstitiis striatis ; castaneo-fuscd. Tue cHesNut Maneexra. Shell oblong, spire acumi- nated; concentrically finely ribbed, interstices be- tween the ribs striated; chesnut-brown. Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab, Island of Burias, Philippines; Cuming. Mang. testa oblonga, spiré acumi- An ovate subfusiform shell of a bright chesnut colour, Mangelva FF 30 Lo MANGELIA. Pirate VII. (Specimens, except Figs. 49 and 51, magnified to twice their natural length.) Species 49. (Mus. Belcher.) MANGELIA CELEBENSIS. Mang. testd attenuatd, levigati, pallidé, fusco late fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico- costulatis ; costulis subdistantibus. Tue pretty Mancevta. Shell attenuated, smooth, pale, broadly banded with brown, whorls six in number, plicately ribbed ; ribs rather distant. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 26. pl. 9. f.5. Hab. New Guinea. Represented of the natural size. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PuSILLA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd, levi- gata, longitudinaliter costatd, costis solidiusculis ob- tusis ; albida, castaneo copiose tinctéd et lineata. THE sMaLL ManGexta. Shell fusiformly ovate, smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather solid, obtuse; whitish, copiously staimed and lineated with chesnut- brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. 2 The ribs are mostly of lighter colour than the ground of the shell. Species 51. (Mus. Belcher.) ManGeLia coronata. Mang. testd attenuata, acuminaté ; anfractibus senis plico-costulatis, transversim. striatis ; costulis superne subacuminatis. THE CORONATED MancGeta. Shell attenuated, acumi- nated ; whorls six in number, plicately ribbed, trans- versely striated, ribs somewhat acuminated at the upper part. Hips, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 26. pl. 9. f. 1. Hab. Straits of Macassar ; Hinds. From Mr. Hinds’ figure of the natural size. Species 52. (Mus. Gray.) MaNcGELta Fascrata. Mang. test@ ovatd, utringue at- tenuatd, anfractibus superné rotundatis, longitudinaliter costatis, striis conspicuis transversim clathratis ; albidd aut lutescente, fascia rubiddé angustd cingulata. THE BANDED Maneetia. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, whorls rounded above, longitudinally rib- bed, latticed with conspicuous transverse striz ; whitish or yellowish, encircled with a narrow reddish band. Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet.) Hab. Africa. Characterized by its short attenuated growth at the base. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGetta virrata. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd, utrin- que peculiariter attenuata, longitudinaliter eximié cos- tellatd, transversim subtilissimée funiculatd ; albidd, + fusco aut rubido-fusco lineatd et fasciatd. THE FILLETTED ManGetta. Shell fusiformly ovate, pecu- liarly attenuated at both ends, longitudinally deli- cately ribbed, transversely very finely corded ; whitish, Iineated and banded with brown or reddish brown. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur. p. 26. pl. 9. f. 3. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. An elegantly formed species, distinguished by the pecu- liar delicacy of the ribs and transverse strie. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGeLIA MarMoRoSA. Mang. testd ovati, solidiusculd, spird breviusculd ; longitudinaliter costatd, costis obesis, striis elevatis, decussatis ; sinu amplo, albé, aurantio- Susco perparce maculata. THE MARBLE Mance.ta. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire rather short ; longitudinally ribbed, ribs stout, crossed with raised strize ; white, very sparingly spotted with orange brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. > A solid white marble-like shell, with one or two scat- tered orange-brown spots on the back. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Manaetta casta. Mang. testa ovato-turritd, longitudina- liter costatd, costis tenuibus subdistantibus, levigatd ; June, 1846. MANGELIA.—Prare VII. aperturd brevi, bast truncatd ; carneo-fuscd, obscure fasciatd, costis albicantibus. Tur cHasté MANGELIA. Shell ovately turreted, longitu- dinally ribbed, ribs fine, rather distant, smooth, aper- ture short, base truncated ; fleshy brown, obscurely banded, ribs whitish. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? Peculiarly truncated at the base. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Mancenia opettscus. Mang. testd subulatd, hexagond, basi truncatd, striis pulcherrimis elevatis undique creberrime cingulatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis distantibus, sequentibus ; aperturd minutd, ovald ; sor- didé alba, aperture fauce lutescente. THe OBELISK Manopita. Shell subulate, six-sided, truncated at the base, very closely encircled through- out with beautiful raised striae, longitudinally ribbed, ribs following one under the other; aperture minute, ovate; dull white, interior of the aperture yellowish. Renrve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippimes (found among coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. An interesting species remarkably characterized by its erect, obelisk-like growth. Species 57. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Maneeria BALTEATA. Mang. testa elongatd, subfusiformi, longitudinaliter costatd, costis angustis, distantibus ; albd, zond fuscd conspicud cingulata. Tur BELTED Manaetta. Shell elongated, somewhat fusiform, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, distant ; white, encircled with a conspicuous brown zone. Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The brown zone which forms so conspicuous a character in the specimen here figured, is but faintly indicated in others. Species 58. (Mus. Gray.) ManeGEnta GOoDALLi. suturis subprofundis ; longitudinaliter costatd, costa- Mang. testé oblongo-ovata, spure yum interstitiis striis conspicuis clathratis ; alba, striis pallide fuscescentibus. Goopat’s MANGELIA. the spire rather deep ; longitudinally ribbed, inter- stices between the ribs latticed with conspicuous striz ; white, strize pale brown. Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet). Hab. ——? Shell oblong-ovate, sutures of Named some years since by Mr. Gray in manuscript, after the late venerable Provost of Eton. Species 59. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Maneeria asrricta. Mang. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, spird breviusculd, suturis profundis ; longitudinaliter costatd, costis crebriusculis ; albidd, zond fuscd an- gusta cingulata. Tue Trpp Maneerta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire rather short, sutures deep ; longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather close-set ; whitish, encircled with a narrow brown zone. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The ribs of this species present an unusually numerous aspect on the spire. Mangelia. Ft. Vile y a 62 v 63 77 Sowerby, del et hth Reeve mp: MANGELIA. Prate VIII. (Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural length.) Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA BADIA. Mang. testé fusiformi-ovatd, concentricé plicato-costatd, transversin fortiter striata ; castaneo- fusca. THE BROWN Mancetra. Shell fusiformly ovate, concen- trically plicately ribbed, transversely strongly striated ; chesnut-brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? Of an uniform dark brown colour. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA PELLUCIDA. attenuata, levigatd, pellucida, nitidd, longitudinaliter crebricostatd ; albidd, basi fusca. THE TRANSPARENT ManGemra. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, smooth, transparent shining, longitudi- nally closely ribbed, whitish, brown at the base. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Fab. ? Mang. testa ovata, utrinque A delicate transparent shell, swollen in the middle. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) MANGELIA anGuLaTa. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovaté, an- Sractibus medio peculiariter angulatis, suturis profundis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis angulos super mucrona- tis ; albidd, fuscescente lineata. THE ANGULATED Maneptta. Shell fusiformly ovate, whorls peculiarly angulated in the middle, sutures deep, longitudinally ribbed, ribs pointed over the angles ; whitish, lneated with pale brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Bay of Manila (found in sandy mud at the depth of four fathoms); Cuming. An interesting form, distinguished by the very peculiar angularity of the whorls. Species 63. (Mus. Metcalfe.) MaANGELIA PURA. turritd, suturis profundis ; anfractibus concentricé cos- tatis ; albidd, maculis perpaucis aurantio-fuscis. Mang. testé oblongo-ovata, spird sub- Tur purr Mancetra. Shell oblong-ovate, spire some- what turreted, sutures rather deep ; whorls concen- trically ribbed ; whitish, with a very few orange-brown spots. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? There is merely a faint row of dots on the back of the last whorl. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Manepura soups. Mang. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, utrinque attenuatd, solidd, undique creberrimé granoso-clathrata ; apertura longiusculd ; purpurascente. THE sotip Manceta. Shell cylindrically ovate, attenu- ated at both ends, solid, very closely granosely latticed throughout ; aperture rather long; purplish. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. \sland of Burias, Philippines (among sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. A peculiarly solid, finely granulated shell. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell proves, on a second examination, to be a Mangelia vittata. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneenia periticta. Mang. testé ovata, longitudina- liler fortiter concentricée costatd, transversim subobso- leté striata ; fuscescente. THE FORSAKEN ManGELIA. Shell ovate, longitudinally strongly concentrically ribbed, transversely rather obsoletely striated ; light brown. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? A strong ribbed species of ordinary form. Species 67. (Mus. Gray.) Mancexia Contrormis. Mang. testd ovato-conicd, tenui, subpellucida, spird brevissimd ; anfractibus transversim subtilissimé striatis, superne eailiter plicato-crenatis ; alba. June, 1846. MANGELIA.—Ptate VIII. THE CONE-sHAPED ManceEtia. Shell ovately conical, thin, rather transparent, spire very short, whorls transversely very finely striated, faintly plicately cre- nated round the upper part ; white. Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet). Hab. ? An interesting species, which may readily be distin- euished by its conical form. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) Maner tia Zusuensis. Mang. testa ovato-oblongd, spird acuminata, basi subattenuatd, concentricée fortiter cos- tata, transversim creberrime striatd ; fuscescente. Tue Zesu Manceia. Shell ovately oblong, spire acu- minated, a little attenuated at the base, concentrically ribbed, transversely very closely striated ; pale brown. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of four fathoms); Cuming. Of simple structure, but specifically distinct from any of the former. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) Maneeuia cincta. Mang. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, spira turritd, suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus superné an- gulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis distantibus ; al- bida, anfractibus fascia lata fuscescente superne cinctis. THE GIRDLED Maneexia. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire turreted, sutures rather deep; whorls encircled round the upper part with a broad light brown band. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. The ribs are unusually distant, and impart a hexagonal character to the shell. Species 70. (Mus. Metcalfe.) MANGELIA DIGITALE. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd, solidé, undique creberrime granoso-clathratis ; albicante, zonis duabus purpureis angustis cingulatda. THE THIMBLE MaNnGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate, solid, very closely granosely latticed throughout; whitish, encircled with two narrow purple zones. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? The sculpture of this species is very similar to that of the M. solida, represented at Fig. 64. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) ManGELIA NANA. Mang. testa ovata, spira brevi, turrita, apice acuta ; anfractibus superné angulatis, longitudi- naliter oblique costatis, interstitiis cavis, subtiliter striatis. THe DWARF Maneeuia. Shell ovate, spire short, tur- reted, sharp at the apex; whorls angulated round the upper part, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, interstices hollow, finely striated. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippimes (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty five fathoms); Cuming. The spire is of a peculiar short dwarf-like character, though sharp at the apex. abyssicola, Reeve ...........-. CNTR TE 6 oo eG dun6 bo be on Axmuillbrania, 25 6565000000008 AGM Ws Seem dege boSmeras RCI. Ufo eaeede 6 oumtte oe nalteatarede aeockes cciea Bertrandi (Plewr.), Payr. ..... bicolor; Reeve’... ...-02---- capillacea, 2d. CRIED ULE ae OMe ero MIRO So TEE Castanea 7m eta toe hon ieee ci CNGHOO, Uh s660006n0deGce celebensis, Hinds CGN, IIR Gaooo once ae eo oe cinmamomea, Hinds .......... citharella (Cancell.), Lam. .... Columbelloides, Reeve ........ Coniformis, Gray ......... Conohelicoides, Reeve ........ COLONALae He INdS seine eee erassilabrum, Reeve .......... cylindrica, 7d. GATE, HS pos asonbdcaceax CIEKEIG 7/50 ee meee mpi Dy SOnigd, etna ete Secs: GEE, 5 combeksboGuoapne LASCIALAN AA EER ier worry e RUIN DUIS 1s i fens, wisi aes on iunor(enlkiel Wh Song coennocene UGG, (ib bo bhoohesnones MOORES UE apis Boe cee oes GoodalliiiGragi. se: REO, JUAS Soe ne ounce ee Ginnannia, Risso... .......- Hornbeckii, Reeve ........... Species 14. For M. virrata—read M. oBesa, stout. MANGELIA. [Temporary Index. “30 | WAHT cocoagsonooons 62 INNA oo bolSacconobadae 4 lame] latann.d eee eee 59 livid ai7d ae. Pack aan oie 60 Lyra: 20 8js, jovsyes nasttet ares suas 56 lyricayitds cai tscain eee 46 HEGEL poo tdeoso beeen 31 Marginelloides, 7d. 10 MAM ONOSANt Aer reeere 55 MEME UL os cope 48 Novee-Hollandie, 7d. ........ 8 obeliscuss7d4=5 seer 49 Obesancd Ge rata ec re ee 69 Oa daiS eoapouconocot dc 39 pallidayeiizevel se ae nacre e 5 Mellticidast7d serene ae 24 essulatancd smear 67 planilabrum, 7d. 25 ONCE, ociooo cou o6 be DI ee pulchellasncd seer etee 36 | IE ihe Bene 5.6 GNcia on oO OCI |] pansies, 76 oc a oe ac C6m | epyramidalis; dsr eee 70 reticulata, 2d. 29 TOI aids ert eM 41 | Sicula, 7d. .....- x Howe Ro HFPorwonrnwyw a= or SS ~) ERRATUM. Soliday tdiat).;. ety ean Stromboides, id. ............ (ese Uh Sa Rech no dae ne De WMI A aaononnencedan WME, Ws oman duns suede Vitibatisw i a7 Supe cts yan estonia erallhihinn MVE & hananoonne oc HAWNOR Wh npocoesonosboe FADIA EL Suducobbacanéob xe 16 MONOGRAPH ees ile UA Ag “Ts not the sea With various living creatures, and the air Replenished, and all these at thy command ?”—IJL/ton ‘Sowerby, del. et ith Reeve, ump. PURPURA. Prate I. Genus Purpura, Lamarck. Testa ovata vel oblongo-ovata, plerumque nodulosa vel tuber- culata, spird brevi, anfractu ultimo tumido, plus minusve inflatd, apertura dilatatd, fauce sepissimé suleatd ; bast emarginatd ; columella plus minusve depresso-pland ; labro plerumque denticulato. Shell ovate, or oblong-ovate, generally nodulous or tuber- culated, spire short, last whorl swollen, more or less inflated, aperture dilated, interior most frequently grooved; base emarginated; columella more or less depressly flattened; lip generally denticulated. The terms Kypué, Murex, and Wop Pipa, Purpura, were used indiscriminately by ancient Greek writers in reference to all mollusks yielding a purple juice, and they became objects of especial interest in that remote age, on account of the limited sources then known of obtaining colour. Who has not heard of the purple dye produced by the ©Tyrius murex’ of Ovid, (Murex trunculus Linn.)? which no doubt abounded on the shores of the ancient Pheenician city of Tyros. The purple juice of the mollusk affords, however, no assistance to the systematist; it abounds alike in animals of very dissimilar character; in Scalaria and Tanthina, as well as in Murex and Purpura; hence the term Purpura was adopted by Lamarck to distinguish the genus under consideration, regardless of any property with which the animal might be endowed of secreting a purple juice. The most striking feature in the soft parts of Purpura is that of the head being a little flattened, and prolonged at each extremity into the tentacles, without any prominence in the centre; approximating in this respect to Buccinum. The tentacles are pedunculated to generally two thirds of their extent, and at the summit of the pedunculated portion are the eyes. The operculum which the animal carries on the hind extremity of its disk, is invariably horny, and fits closely to the aperture of the shell. The shell of Purpura is mainly distinguished by an ovate dilated growth, emarginated at the base, with a more or less flattened columella, the spire being sometimes ex- tremely short, sometimes a little acuminated. There are three closely allied genera, Concholepas, Monoceros, and Ricinula, which the French authors propose to fuse into the present; I have not considered it prudent, however, to follow this course, as they afford good typical dis- tinctions, whilst their amalgamation under the head of Purpura would only tend to confusion by involving a change of names. The Purpure vary exceedingly in their detail of sculp- ture, but are somewhat constant in colour; the well-known P. lapillus of Europe varies, however, in both respects to an almost inconceivable degree; indeed, no one who has not thoroughly examined a numerous series of specimens can form an adequate idea of its Protean character. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura ECHINULATA. Purp. testd ovatd, subventricosd, spira brevi, transversim tenuissime striatd et squamoso- tuberculatd, tuberculis subechinulatis ; columella latius- culd, concavd; aperturaé ampli, dilatatd, superné canaliculatd, fauce liratd, liris distantibus ; luteo-albi- cante, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-lutescenti- bus, liris albidis. THE PRICKLY PurpPuRa. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, spire short, transversely very finely striated and squa- mosely tuberculated, tubercles somewhat prickly ; columella rather broad, concave; aperture large, dilated, canaliculated at the upper part, interior ridged, ridges distant; yellowish white, columella and interior of the aperture orange yellow, ridges whitish. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 84. Eadem, (fide Deshayes), Purpura mancinelloides De Blainville. Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming. The aperture of this species is larger and more dilated than that of the P. mancinella. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA MANCINELLA. Purp. testi ovatd, crassiusculd, spira brevi, transversim tenuissimé striatd et costatd, costis distantibus, angustis, compresso-nodosis ; apertura superne canaliculata, fauce lineata, lineis elevatis, con- fertis ; luteo-albicante, nodis interdum rufo-fuscis, colu- mellé lutescente, aperture fauce rufo-aurantid, lineis saturatioribus. THE PIMPLED Purpura. Shell ovate, rather thick, spire short, transversely very finely striated and ribbed, ribs distant, narrow, compressly noduled; aperture cana- liculated at the upper part, interior lineated, lines elevated and close-set; yellowish white, nodules October, 1846. PURPURA.—Piate I. sometimes reddish-brown, columella yellowish, inte- rior of the aperture reddish-orange, lines of a darker colour. Murex mancinella, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1219. Purpura gemmulata, Enc. Meth. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Distinguished by its lineated aperture. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA PATULA. Purp. testd ovata, depressi, spird brevis- simd, transversim liratd et costatd, costis rude et irregu- lariter tuberculatd; columelld lata, plano-concavd, aper- turd amplissimd patuldque, superne canaliculatd, labro intus sulcato et crenato ; ceruleo-fuscescente, costis livis- que nigricantibus, columella rufa, macula fused elliptico- semilunari superne pictd, labri sulcis nigricante-fuscis. OPEN-MOUTHED Purpura. Shell ovate, depressed, spire very short, transversely ridged and ribbed, ribs rudely and irregularly tubercled; columella broad, flatly concave, aperture very large and open, canali- culated at the upper part, lip grooved and crenated within ; blueish brown, ribs and ridges blackish, colu- mella red, painted at the upper part with an elliptico- semilunar brown spot, grooves of the lip blackish brown. Buecinum patulum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1262. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. THE This well-known species is a most characteristic example of the patulous series of the genus. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Consun. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovatd, spird conico-acutd, anfractibus transversim tenuissime sulcatis et striatis, superné concavo-depressis, tuberculis gran- dibus, erectis, ad angulum uniseriatim armatis ; aper- turd parviusculd, fauce labrum versus suleatd ; albido- fuscescente, nigrilineatd, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-rujis. Tur ConsuL Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, spire coni- cally acute, whorls transversely very finely grooved and striated, concavely depressed round the upper part, armed at the angle with a row of large erect tubercles; aperture rather small, interior grooved towards the lip; whitish brown, crossed with black lines, columella and interior of the aperture orange- red. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 63. Murex Consul, Chemnitz. Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming. The difference between the P. Consul and gigantea, which have been confounded together, is sufficiently appa- rent in Chemnitz’s figures of them, cited by Lamarck, under the head of the former. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura BrmacuLatTa. Purp. testd ovatd, crassa, solidé, spird brevi, anfractibus superne depressis, transversim tenuissime sulcatis et striatis, tuberculorum seriebus duabus tribusve seriatim armatis ; albidd, fuscescente tinctd, columella et aperture fauce niveis, tuberculis intus peculiariter nigricante-fuscis. THE DOUBLE-SPOTTED PurPURA. Shell ovate, thick, solid. spire short, whorls depressed round the upper part. finely grooved and striated, and armed with two 0) three rows of tubercles; white, staimed with light brown, columella and interior of the aperture snow) white,tubercles blackish-brown within. Jonas. (Hamburgh), MSS. Hab. Zanzibar. This species exhibits a curious black-spotted appearance from the tubercles being of a blackish brown colour within ; they are covered by a superimposed layer of white, during the growth of the shell, but it becomes more or less wort off by friction or erosion. Parpure. L7, EP Wen PiU Ay. Puate II. Species 6, (Mus. Cuming.) PurpuRA HAUSTRUM. Purp. testé ovatd,basi subattenuatd, spira brevissind; transversim irregulariter inciso- striata; apertura perampla, columella lata, oblique planata, labro tenui, minute denticulato ; extus cinereo- nigricante, columella intusque carulescente-albd. Tue scoop Purpura. Shell ovate, somewhat attenuated at the base, spire very short ; transversely irregularly engraved with striz; aperture very large, columella broad, obliquely flattened, lip thin, finely denticu- lated; exterior ashy-black, columella and interior blueish white. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l Astrolabe, Zoologie, v. ii. p- 554. pl. 37. f. 4 to 8. Buccinum haustrum, Martyn. Buccinum hauritorium, Chemnitz. Buccinum haustorium, Gmelin. Hab. New Zealand. We are indebted to M. Quoy, the enterprising naturalist of the Astrolabe, for having rescued this species from the obscurity into which it had fallen in the hands of Lamarck. It was first described and admirably figured, during the last century, by our countryman Martyn in his ‘ Universal Conchology,’ under the name of Buccinum haustrum, or ‘Water Scoop Whelk, from New Zealand’; Chemnitz afterwards published an excellent figure and description of the species with the name of Buccinum hauritorium, making a needless change in its specific appellation. Lamarck, who was evidently unacquainted with the Purpura haus- trum, confounded it with the Purpura persica, quoting the foregoing names as synonymes of that species; a glance at the accompaning figures will, however, show that it is unecessary to institute a comparison. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura BuFO. Purp. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, crassd, spirad brevissimad, plus minusve depressd, transversim meiso-striatd et tuberculis subdistantibus, nunc promi- nentibus, nunc fere obsoletis, seriatim armaté; colu- mellé subconcavd, callositate insigni superné munité, labro minute denticulato, superné conspicué sinuato ; extus nigricante-fusco lineata, columellé et aperture Sauce rufescente-luteis. THE ToaD Purpura. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, thick, spire very short, more or less depressed, trans- versely deeply striated, and ornamented with rows of rather distant tubercles, which are sometimes promi- nent, sometimes almost obsolete; columella rather concave, furnished at the upper part with a remark- able callosity; lip minutely denticulated, conspicu- ously sinuated at the upper part; exterior lineated with blackish brown, columella and interior of the aperture reddish yellow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), v.x. p. 69. Variety B. Testa spira depressiore, tuberculorum seriebus suprema et infima prominentibus, callositate crassiore. Shell with the spire more depressed, the uppermost and lowest row of tubercles more prominent, and the callosity thicker. Purpura callosa, Lamarck. Purpura tumida, Schubert and Wagner. Hab. Island ot Corrigidor, mouth of the Bay of Manila (on rocks at low water); Cuming. M. Deshayes charges M. Kiener, in a note at page 70 of his edition of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres’, of having confounded Lamarck’s Purpura callosa with his P. bufo ; I cannot, however, agree with the learned editor on this subject. After a careful comparison of the shells with Lamarck’s description, coupled with an examination of the figures of Petiver and Seba, I am forced to the conclusion that they are the same species in different states. M. Kiener describes the Purpura centiquadrata, Duclos, as being the young of this species, whilst M. Deshayes, on the other hand, considers it distinct; not having as yet obtained access to the work in which M. Duclos’ mono- graph occurs, I am unable at present to offer an opinion. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) PurpurRA PERSICA. Purp. testa ovata, basi leviter attenuatd, spird brevi, transversim inciso-striatd, striis regularibus, liris intermediis subplanulatis, anfractibus parte supe- riori obsolete biseriatim nodulosé; columella medio longitudinaliter excavatd, apertura perampla, labro simplici, subtiliter denticulato, superné late sinuato ; cinereo-fuscd, zonis albidis fusco-articulatis angustis subdistantibus cingulatd, columella rubido-luted, aper- ture fauce rufo-albicante, rufo-lineata. July, 1846. PURPURA.—Ptate II. THE PRINCELY Purpura. Shell ovate, slightly attenuated at the base, spire short, transversely deeply striated, strie regular, intermediate ridges rather flattened, upper part of the whorls encircled with two rows of obsolete nodules ; columella longitudinally excavated, aperture very large, lip simple, finely denticulated, broadly sinuated at the upper part; ashy brown, encircled with narrow distant white zones articulated with brown, columella reddish yellow, interior of the aperture pinkish white, ornamented with numerous radiating red lines. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 59. Buccinum persicum, Linnzeus. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on the reefs at low water ); Cuming. The narrow articulated brown and white zones which constitute so characteristic a feature in this well-known species, seem to have a tendency to become nodulous throughout; although nodules are only apparent in the two uppermost zones which encircle the spire. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA COLUMELLARIS. crassa, spird breviusculd ; transversim costatd et liratd, Purp. testa suboblongo-ovatd, costis rudé nodulosis ; columelld latd, leviter excavatd, medio obsolete uniplicata, labro denticulato et sulcato, dentibus interioribus binis ; nigricante-fuscd, columella et aperture margine rufescentibus, fauce rufescente, interdum lirata. THE COLUMELLAR PurPuRA. Shell rather oblong-ovate, thick, spire rather short; transversely ribbed and ridged, ribs rudely noduled ; columella broad, slightly excavated, with a single almost obsolete plait in the middle, lip denticulated and grooved, inner teeth in pairs; blackish brown, columella and edge of the aperture reddish, interior reddish-white, sometimes ridged. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. x. p. 62. Hab. Gallapagos Islands (on exposed rocks at low water) ; Cuming. Distinguished by its solid nodulous structure, and strongly grooved and denticulated lip. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Rupouput. Purp. testé suboblongo-ovati, basem versus attenuata, spird breviusculd ; anfractibus su- perne subangulatis, transversim inciso-striatis, zonis ob- tuse nodiferis subdistantibus infra angulum cingulatis ; columella longitudinaliter suleata, labro simplici, su- perne sinuato, minute denticulato ; fusco-nigricante, maculis luteo-albicantibus irreqgulariter aspersd ; colu- melld rufescente, aperture fauce albidd, rufescente lineata. Rupoten’s Purpura. Shell rather oblong-ovate, atten- uated towards the base, spire rather short; whorls slightly angulated round the upper part, transversely deeply striated, encircled beneath the angle with rather distant obtusely nodiferous zones; columella longitudinally grooved, lip simple, sinuated at the upper part, minutely denticulated ; brownish black, nregularly sprinkled with yellowish-white spots, columella reddish, interior of the aperture whitish, lineated with red. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 60. Hab. Matnog, Province of Albay, Island of Luzon, Philip- pines (on exposed rocks at low water ); Cuming. The characters of this species present a sort of confused modification of those of the Purpura persica; the trans- verse zones are broader and most irregularly articulated, and the nodules are of a rude blunted growth. q - _— = ) = 7 7 - ( -_ £ Furpura Fl Sowerby, del et lth. . Reeve, imp PURPURA. Prate III. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura AscENSIONIS. solidd, spird plano-depressa ; levigaté aut subtiliter Purp. testé globosd, crass, per- striata ; columellé latissimd, plano-concavd, labro mi- nute denticulato, superné canaliculato ; extus transver- sim subtilissimé castaneo-striatd, intus eburned, colu- mellé eburned, maculis atris tribus aut pluribus aut minoribus conspicue notaté. Tue Ascension Purpura. Shell globose, thick, very solid, spire flatly depressed ; smooth or finely striated ; columella very broad, flatly concave, hp minutely denticulated, channelled at the upper part; exterior transversely very finely striated with chesnut brown, interior ivory white, columella ivory white, conspi- cuously with three, more or less, jet black spots. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, Zool. vol. ii. p- 559. pl. 37. f. 20 to 23. Murex Mega (pars), Martini. Hab. Island of Ascension, Atlantic (on rocks at low water). I am not surprised that Martini should have represented this, and the following species, under one name; it may be more convenient to preserve the distinction assigned to them by M. Quoy, but, that they are extreme modifica- tions of the same thing I have no doubt ; I attach greater importance to the brown hair-like lines which characterize these species, than to the presence or absence of tubercles. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura NpRItTorpea. tricosd, crassiusculd, spird brevissimd, depressd ; trans- Purp. testd, suborbiculari, ven- versim striatd, tuberculis solidis prominentibus seriatim cinctd ; columelld latd, concavo-planatd ; albidd, lineis subtilibus castaneis plus minusve pictd, aperture fauce eburned, maculis atris tribus aut pluribus aut minoribus notata. Tue Nouritn-Ltike Purpura. Shell nearly orbicular, ventricose, rather thick, spire very short, depressed ; transversely striated, encircled with rows of promi- nent solid tubercles; columella broad, concavely flattened ; white, more or less painted with fine chesnut lines, interior of the aperture ivory white, columella ivory white, marked with three, more or less, jet black spots. DesnHayes, Anim. sans vert. v. x, p. 70. note Purpura Neritoides, Lamarck. Murex Neritoideus, Linneeus (12th. ed. Syst. Nat.). Nerita nodosa, Linneus (10th. edit. Syst. Nat.). Murex Mega, (pars altera), Martini. Murex fucus, Gmelin. Purpura fucus, Sowerby, De Blainville. Hab, Island of St. Vincent, Cape de Verds. The confusion indicated by the above synonymes arises mainly from the circumstance of Linneeus having referred, for the illustration of his Murex Neritoideus, to figures of the Ricinula horrida, as well as of the shell under considera- tion; M. Deshayes clearly shows, however, that Gmelin and his followers are in error, the character “ columella planiusculd”’ used by Linnzeus, being quite inapplicable to that species. Species. 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Hystrix. Purp. testa ovato-globosd, subventri- cosd, umbilicatd, spird breviusculd, acuminata ; squa- mis grandibus spiniformibus fornicatis seriatim ornata ; subtiliter liratd, liris minutissime squamatis, columella convexd, basi exiliter rugata, labro intus denticulato ; lutescente, columella et aperture fauce roseis. PORCUPINE PurpuRA. Shell ovately globose, slightly ventricose, umbilicated, spire short, Tur acuminated ; ornamented with rows of large prominent spiniform vaulted scales, transversely finely ridged, ridges very minutely scaled; columella convex, faintly wrinkled at the base, lip toothed within ; yellowish, columella and interior of the aperture rich pink. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. x. p. 85. Murex hystrix, Linnzus. Eadem Purpura spathulifera, De Blainville (according to M. Kiener). Hab. Island of Annaa, south Pacific Ocean (on the coral reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This species is one of those intermediate states between Purpura and Ricinula, which have induced some of the continental naturalists to combine the two genera in one. Although it may be referred with equal propriety to either, I think it convenient to perpetuate the generic appellations of Lamarck ; all limitations of genera become less defined, as the links which are wanting in the chain of affinity become revealed to observation ; if this system of fusion were followed out, the nomenclature would be completely overthrown. July, 1846. PURPURA.—Ptate III. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) PuRPURA PLANOSPIRA. Purp. testa orbiculari-ovatd, spird plano-depressd ; transversim squamicostatd, costis subdistantibus, interstitiis obtuso-liratis, columella medio profunde excavatd, labri margine sulcato ; extus pallide rubido-fusca, columella alba, maculd oblonga nigra medio notatd, infra rugis rufis conspicué tinctd, aperture fauce albicante, rufo-lineatd, lineis marginem versus saturatioribus. THE FLAT-SPIRE PuRPURA. Shell orbicularly ovate, spire flatly depressed ; transversely scale-ribbed, ribs rather distant, interstices obtusely ridged, columella deeply excavated in the middle, edge of the lip grooved; ex- terior pale reddish-brown, columella white, marked in the centre with an oblong black spot, conspicuously stained beneath with red wrinkles, interior of the aperture whitish, lneated with red, lines deeper red towards the margin. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 71. Purpura lineata, Enc. Méth. Hab. James Island, Gallapagos (on exposed rocks); Cuming. Several specimens of this remarkable shell were collected by Mr. Cuming at the island above noted; and he never met with it in the course of his researches at any other locality. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura APERTA. Purp. testa orbiculari-ovatd, basem ver- sus subattenuatd, transversim tuberculatd, tuberculis squameformibus, prominentibus, in seriebus subdistan- tibus, interstitiis subtiliter liratis ; columelld concavo- planata, rugis perpaucis brevibus notata, labro sulcato, intus tenuidenticulato; albicante, punctis castaneis obscure tinctd, columella et aperture fauce albis, colu- melle rugarum interstitiis labrique sulcis pallide rubido- luteis. THe oppN Purpura. Shell orbicularly ovate, a little attenuated towards the base, transversely tuberculated, tubercles, scale-like, prominent, in rather distant rows, the interstices between which are finely ridged ; colu- mella concavely flattened, marked with a very few short wrinkles, lip grooved, finely denticulated within ; whitish, insterstices between the wrinkles of the columella, and grooves of the lip, palely stained with reddish yellow. De Brainvitie, Nouv. Ann. du mus. Purpura macrostoma (?), Conrad. Hab. San Carlos, Central America. A very characteristic and well-defined species, which does not appear to have been known to Lamarck. The shell described and figured by M. Kiener as a variety, is merely the same thing in a bad state of preservation. Px vas * ‘ - CTDPLTL £. | PURPURA. Piate IV, Species 16. (Fig. a and 4 Mus. Cuming.) Purpura pucoinga. Purp. testa suboblongo-fusiformi, longitudinaliter obsolete costatd, costis latis, transversim undique liratd, liris angustis, aculis, hic illic, subaqui- i distanter, majoribus, columelld obtus? uniplicatd, aper- ‘@ fauce subtiliter radiatim lirata ; fused, liris majo- ribus fusco saturatiore alboque nitide articulatis, aper- turd fuscescente-albida. Tue BucoINoID Purpura. Shell somewhat oblong, - fusiform, longitudinally obsoletely ribbed, ribs broad, ( transversely ridged throughout, ridges narrow, acute, here and there, nearly equidistantly, larger, columella y obtusely one-plaited, interior of the aperture finely radiately ridged ; brown, larger ridges neatly articu- lated with white and darker brown, aperture brownish white. Desnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 92. Purpura striata, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. New Guinea. An aberrant species of the genus, but possessing an bundance of character. The columella has a strong ob- tuse plait upon it, and the shell is encircled round the upper part by three narrow articulated fillets. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura GIGANTEA. Purp. testé subquadrato-ovata, spira peculiariter acuminata, transversim irregulariter subli- lissimeé suleata, anfractibus superne uni- vel bi-seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis peculiariter rotundatis et obtusis, apertura perampla, margine intus inerso-suleato ; oli- vaceo-fuscescente, suleis saturatioribus, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-rupis. THE GIGANTIC Purpura. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, spire peculiarly acuminated, transversely irregularly very finely grooved, whorls encircled round the upper part with one or two rows of blunt peculiarly rounded tubercles, aperture very large, edge sharply grooved within; pale olive brown, grooves of a dark tinge, columella and interior of the aperture orange-red. Buceinum hemastoma, Chemnitz (not of Linnzus), vol. xi. pl. 187. f. 1796-7. Purpura consul, Kiener (not of Lamarck). ? Hab. It will be seen by the above arrangement of synonymes, ' that this magnificent species is neither the Buccinum he- mastoma of Linneus, as supposed by Chemnitz, nor the Purpura consul of Lamarck, as propounded by Kiener ; the former (Pl. V. Fig. 21.) is an oval shell, encircled throughout with rows of blunt tubercles, and fine dark flattened stri«, the spire being only moderately elevated ; the latter (Pl. I. Fig. 4.) is a broad abbreviated shell, with a strong radiating series of prominent tubercles, and a curiously acuminated conical spire. The shell under con- sideration, differs from both these in being of a more ob- long-square form, with a peculiarly elevated acuminated spire, the tubercles though prominent, are of a rounded pimple-like character, and one of the most characteristic features of the species, consists in the surface being en- circled throughout with finely engraved grooves, which are the most prominently developed on the summit of the tu- hercles. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura DELrorpEA. Purp. testa abbreviato-ovald, crassa, ponderosi, transversim impresso-striatd, tuberculis soli- dis subdistontibus coronatd ; castaneo-niyriconte, basi albicante, tuberculis albizonatis, columella pallide pur- pure. Tue pevrorp Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, thick, ponderous, transversely impressly striated, coronated with solid, rather distant, tubercles; dark chesnut black, base whitish, tubercles marked with a white zone, columella faintly stained with purple. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 85. Hah. Jamaica; Dr. Adams. Distinguished from the following species with which we are more familiar, by its spiral ridge of tubercles. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura MeLoNeEs. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovala, crassa, ponderosa, spird brevissima, transver sim impr esso-striata, mutica; castaneo-nigricante, albo varia, columella lutes- cente, purpureo Vincta, apertura lutescente. THe MELON Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, thick, pon- derous, spire very short, transversely impressly striated, smooth; dark chesnut-black, variegated with white, columella yellowish, stained with purple, aper- ture yellowish. Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. 1832. Pl. 1. fig. 2. Purpura crassa, De Plainville. Hah. Monte Christi, West Columbia (under stones at low water); Cuming. One of the few species of the genus which are desti- tute of tubercles. August, 1846. Lurpura. F.¥. Reeve, 16 12) dial eal Bil teia PLATE V. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) PuRPURA INERMA. Purp. testd rotundato-ovatd, ventricosd, spird acutd, transversim creberrime subtilissimé liraté, liris striis longitudinalibus decussatis, apertura sub- ampld, labro tenuiculo, intus inciso-sulcato ; cinereo- olivaced, liris maculis albis hic illic sparsim ornatis, columella et aperture fauce rufescente-aurantiis. THE UNARMED Purpura. Shell rotundately ovate, ven- tricose, spire sharp, transversely very closely and finely ridged, ridges decussated with longitudinal strie, aperture rather large, lip rather thin, sharply erooved within; ashy olive, ridges sparingly orna- mented here and there with white spots, columella and interior of the aperture reddish orange. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. ? This is probably one of those species which M. Kiener has confounded together, under the title of Purpura cata- racta, neither of which have the slightest reference to the Buccinum cataracta of Chemnitz. I cannot identify it with any species hitherto recorded, and am unable to say whether it is ever tuberculated; there is no indication of tubercles in the specimen before me, and it has a very pe- culiar style of colouring, the ridges being marked here and there in a very ivegular manner, with oblong white spots. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura H@MasTOMA. Purp. testé ovata, spird conicd, anfractibus superne concavis, transversim planistriatis et quadriseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis rotundatis ob- tusis, basem versus obsoletioribus, columella levigata apertura oblonga, superné subconspicue sinuatd, labro intus inciso-sulcato ; olivaceo-fuscd, striis nigrican- tibus, columella et aperture fauce viride aurantio-rujis. .THE RED-MouTH PurRpPURA. Shell ovate, spire conical, whorls concave round the upper part, transversely flatly ridged and encircled with four rows of tubercles, which are blunt, rounded, and more obsolete as they approach the base, columella smooth, aperture oblong, rather conspicuously sinuated at the upper part, lip sharply grooved within; olive-brown, striz blackish, columella and interior of the aperture bright orange- red, Buccinum hemastoma, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1202. Eadem? Purpura cornuta, Menke. Hab. Mediterranean. T am inclined to think with M. Deshayes, that this spe- cies is confined to the Mediterranean and Atlantic shores of Europe, concluding that where a more southern locality is quoted, as in the ‘ Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes,’ the author has, probaby, had some allied species before him, (such as the P. ochrostoma, for example) the specific pecu- liarities of which he has failed to discrimmate. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA CHOCOLATUM. Purp. testé subabbreviato-ovatd, turgidd, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, undi- que creberrime et subtilissime inciso-striatis, tuberculis grandibus, subdistantibus, ad angulum armatis, colu- mellé concavd, labro tenui, intus inciso-sulcato ; extus chocolato-fuscd, columelld aurantio-rufa, labro intus chocolato-fusco. THE CHOCOLATE-BROWN PurPURA. Shell somewhat shortly ovate, swollen, whorls concavely depressed at the upper part, very closely and finely deeply striated throughout, armed with large rather distant tubercles at the angle, columella concave, hp thin, sharply erooved within ; exterior dark chocolate brown, colu- mella orange-red, lip chocolate brown within. Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. vol. xvi. pl. 2. f. 7. Hab. Bay of Callao, Peru (found in sandy mud at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. An extremely characteristic species, and so distinct from any other yet described that it is impossible to find any difficulty in recognizing it. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura succincta. Purp. testd ovatd, spirdé plus mi- nusve elevatd, anfractibus sic plus minusve intrusis, transversim undique costatd, costis prominentibus, ru- gosis, obsolete squamatis, interstitiis profunde excavatis, striatis, costé minore raro interveniente ; sordidé lutes- cente-alba. THE ENCIRCLED PurpuRA. Shell ovate, spire more or less elevated, whorls accordingly more or less thrust August, 1846. PURPURA.—P tate V. inwards, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs promi- nent, rugose, obsoletely squamate, interstices deeply excavated, striated, with rarely a small intervening rib; dull yellowish white. Buccinum succinctum, Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. 2. pl. 45. Buccinum orbita, Chemnitz. Buccinum lacunosum, Bruguitre. Buccinum bicostatum, Bruguiére. Variety 8. Testa parva, elongatior, costarum interstitiis laminis tenuibus peculiariter decussatis. Shell small, more elongated, with the interstices between the ribs peculiarly crossed with thin lamine. Buccinum striatum, Martyn. Purpura rugosa, Lamarck. Purpura striata, Deshayes. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. The Purpura rugosa, Lamarck, of which M. Kiener has omitted mention, is, I think, without doubt, a modified state of the P. succincta, the extremes of which are beau- tifully represented by Martyn, in the ‘ Universal Concho- logy.’ Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA XANTHOSTOMA. Purp. testd pyriformi-ovatd, ven- tricosd, basi subelongatd et recurvd, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angulum plus minusve tuberculiferis, lon- gitudinaliter obtuse plicato-costatis, transversim subti- liter costatis, costis angustis, subdistantibus, interstitiis liris minutis, vel obsolete, vel conspicué squamatis, cre- berrime cingulatis, labro sepissimé intus denticulato ; albd, columella et aperture fauce lutescente-lacteis. THE YELLOW-MouTH PurPURA. Shell pyriformly ovate, ventricose, rather elongated and recurved at the base, whorls angulated at the upper part, more or less tu- bercled at the angle, longitudinally obtusely plicately ribbed, transversely finely ribbed, ribs narrow, rather distant, interstices closely encircled with minute ridges sometimes obsoletely, sometimes conspicuously scaled, lip frequently denticulated within; white, columella and interior of the aperture yellowish cream colour. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. Hab. Valparaiso (dredged from gravel and sand at various depths, from seven to twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. This is a most variable species both in form and sculp- ture, and might be referred in its different states, with the same propriety, either to the genera Pyrula or Fusus. However unlikely it may appear, an affinity may certainly be traced to the Fusus squamulosus of Philippi, mhabiting the Mediterranean, the Purpura xanthostoma in a young and highly sculptured condition, being of exactly similar form, and almost as thickly beset with imbricating scales. | if ” Purpura, FLY, Sowerby, del et hth PURPURA. Prater VI. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura coronata. Purp. testdé subglobosd, ventricosd, basi umbilicatd, anfractibus triseriatim nodosis, superne squamis callosis gibbosis ascendentibus coronatis; albi- cante, lineis transversis fuscis conspicue picta, columella et aperture fauce rufo-aurantiis. THE coronateD PurPuRA. Shell somewhat globose, yentricose, umbilicated at the base, whorls encircled with three rows of nodules, coronated round the upper part with callous swollen ascending scales; whitish, conspicuously painted with transverse brown lines, columella and interior of the aperture reddish orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 72. Eadem. Purpura callifera, Lamarck. Purpura Guinensis, Schubert and Wagner. 9 Hab. The main feature of distinction in this species, consists in the curious vaulted scales which are formed over the suture. Frequently they are increased by a callous deposit of semitransparent matter, having almost the appearance of wax; which state is the Purpura callifera of Lamarck. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA CARINIFERA. Purp. ovatd, spiré acuminato- turritd, anfractibus transversim carinatis et striatis, medio angulato-tumidis et tuberculatis, apertura superne sinuata ; cinereo-fuscescente, carinis striisque, columelld et aperture fauce rufo-aurantiis. THE KEELED Purpura. Shell ovate, spire acuminately turreted, whorls transversely keeled and striated, an- gularly swollen and tuberculated in the middle, aper- ture sinnated at the upper part; ashy brown, keels, strie, columella and interior of the aperture reddish orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 73. Hab. ? It is the distinguishing feature of this species to have two keels of a more prominent character than the rest, on the middle and upper half of the whorls, each of which, particularly the lower, is more or less tuberculated. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA ARMIGERA. Purp. testd ovatd, spird conico- acuninatd, anfractibus superné depressiusculis, tuber- culorum seriebus tribus aut pluribus cingulatis, tuber- culis grandibus, crassis, obtusis, valde prominentibus, columella et aperture fauce rosaceo-luteis. THE ARMED Purpura. Shell ovate, spire conically acu- minated, whorls rather depressed round the upper part, encircled with three or more rows of tubercles, tubercles large, thick, obtuse, very prominent, colu- mella slightly wrinkled; white, encircled with yel- lowish-brown bands between the rows of tubercles, columella and interior of the aperture pinkish-yellow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 64. Buceinum armigerum, Chemnitz. P) Hah. A well-known species, distinguished by its stout promi- nent tubercles and elevated conical spire; the banded painting is also peculiar. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) PurPuRA BicostaLts. Purp. testd ovatd, spird subacu- minatd, anfractibus transversim undique impresso-stria- tis, superne depressiusculis, costis duabus subobsoletis, plus minusve tuberculiferis, cingulatis, columella oblique plicato-rugosd, labro intus fortiter inciso-sulcato ; fus- cescente, strigis flexuosis cinereo-olivaceis longitudina- liter nebulatd, areis inter strias concinné fusco articu- latis, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-rujis. THE TWO-RIBBED PurPURA. Shell ovate, spire a little acuminated, whorls transversely impressly striated throughout, rather depressed at the upper part, en- circled with two obsolete ribs, which are more or less tuberculiferous, columella obliquely plicately wrinkled, lip strongly sharply grooved within; light brown, clouded longitudinally with ashy olive streaks, spaces between the strie prettily articulated with brown, columella and interior of the aperture orange-red. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 82. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (found on the rocks at low water); Cuming. This species, which is probably often confounded with the P. hemastoma, may be distinguished in great measure by its neat articulated painting. August, 1846. Lurpura. Fl ™ PURPURA. Puate VII. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) PuRPURA LINEATA. Purp. testd ovatd, tenui, ventricosd, spird breviusculd, acuta; anfractibus transversim un- dique striatis, superné acuté angulatis, ad angulum pli- cato-nodosis, nodis subcompressis, infra funiculis obsolete nodiferis, subirregulariter distantibus, cingulatis ; aper- turd ampla, fauce subtiliter liratd, labro tenui ; luteo- albicante ; funiculis castaneis, columella labrique mar- gine interna aurantio-rufis. THE LINEATED PurPURA. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose, spire rather short, acute ; whorls transversely striated throughout, sharply angulated, plicately noduled at the angle, nodules rather compressed, encircled be- neath with rather irregularly distant cords, which are obsoletely nodiferous ; aperture large, interior finely ridged, lip thin; yellowish white, cords chesnut brown, columella and inner side of the lip orange-red. Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 115. pl. 33. f. 80, Buceinum lineatum, Lamarck. Hab. ——? This remarkable shell which is admirably figured in the ‘ Encyclopedie Méthodique ’ Pl. 400 f. 6. a, 6. was included by Lamarck in the genus Buccinum; M. Kiener has, how- ever, very properly removed it to Purpura. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) PurPuRA IMPERIALIS. Purp. testd ovatd, basi ampliter umbilicata, spird acute turritd ; anfractibus transversim undique striatis, superne angulatis, spinis squameformi- bus prominentibus subrecurvis conspicue biseriatim cinc- tis, spinis apicem versus obsoletis ; luteo-albicante, aper- ture fauce ceruleo-fusco subindistincte fasciata. THE IMPERIAL Purpura. Shell ovate, largely umbili- cated at the base, spire sharply turreted; whorls transversely striated throughout, angulated at the upper part, conspicuously encircled with two rows of prominent scale-like spines a little recurved, spines obsolete towards the apex; yellowish white, interior of the aperture somewhat indistinctly banded with blueish brown. De Buarnvitie, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. vol. i. p. 227. pl. 11. f. 6. Hab. ——? How M. Kiener can possibly discover any specifie rela- tion between the shells which he has figured as varieties under the above title, I cannot imagine. The P. impe- rialis, which he correctly figures at Fig. 39. is allied rather to the P. carinifera, the keels of that species being deve- loped in this into a diadem of recurved spines; the shell represented at Fig. 39. a, is of a different form, and ex- hibits quite another design of sculpture. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura kiosquirormis. Purp. testé fusiformi-ovatd, subscalariformi, transversim undique elevato-striatis, anfractibus medio uni- vel biseriatim carinatis et tuber- culatis, spire suturis profundis, lamellis crispatis erectis concentricé decussatis, labro superne sinuato ; olivaceo- viridi, albo vel cerulescente zonatd, aperture fauce in- terdum fasciatda. THE KIOSK-SHAPED Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate, somewhat scalariform, transversely elevately striated throughout, whorls encircled round the middle with one or two keels and rows of tubercles, sutures of the spire deep, concentrically crossed with erect crisped lamelle, lip sinuated at the suture; olive-green, zoned with white or pale blue, interior of the aperture sometimes banded with black-brown. Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. vol. xxvi. pl. 1. f. 5. Hab. Bay of Panama (on rocky places at low water); Cuming. The locality of New Holland cited by M. Kiener for this species, is, I think, a very doubtful one; it was col- lected by Mr. Cuming at the Bay of Panama. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura D’Orsienyt. umbilicatd, anfractibus transversim liratis, liris promi- Purp. testa fusiformi-ovata, basi nentibus subdistantibus, superne convexo-angulatis, ad angulum biseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, superioribus prominentioribus ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco, apicem versus saturatiore, plus minusve tinctd, epider- mide crassa fibrosd indutd, apertura alba. D’Orsieny’s Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate, umbili- cated at the base, whorls transversely ridged, ridges prominent, rather distant, convexly angulated at the upper part, encircled at the angle with two rows of compressed tubercles, of which the upper are the August, 1846. PURPURA.— Prats VIL. more prominent; white, more or less stained with rusty brown which is darker towards the apex, and covered with a thick fibrous epidermis, aperture white. Fusus Purpuroides, D’Orbigny, Voyage dans lAmé- rique Méridionale, Pl. 63. Fig. 1. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks at low water); Cuming. Tinclude this species under the head of Purpura, in con- quence of its unquestionable generic affinity with the P. hiosquiformis, and dedicate it to the illustrious traveller and naturalist, the adoption of whose specific name would involve an inconsistent tantology. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA ECHINATA. Purp. testa ovata, basi wmbilicatéa, anfractibus transversim undique elevato-striatis, striis subtilissime squamatis, superné subangulatis, infra an- gulum quadriseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis parvis, no- diformibus ; extus pallidé rubiginoso-fuscd, intus alba. THE PRICKLY PurPURA. Shell ovate, umbilicated at the base, whorls transversely elevately striated through- out, strie very finely scaled, slightly angulated at the upper part, encircled beneath the angle with four rows of small nodule-like tubercles; exterior pale rusty brown, interior white. De Buarnvit1e, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. pl. 11 f. 2. Hab. ? A very characteristic and well-defined species, quite dis- tinet from the P. echinulata of Lamarck, of which M. Des- hayes appears to have omitted mention. Purpura L7. Fld e) Reeve, imi: =. lath, 4 1El. € LUIS Je BI Toate Puate VIII. Species 34. (Fig. a, 6, and c, Mus. Cuming.) Purpura HIPPocAsTANUM. Mur. testd ovatd spird bre- viusculd, interdum subelevatd, anfractibus superne leviter angulatis, seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis fortibus, nunc obtusis, nunc prominentibus, interareis impresso-striatis, labro intus noduloso; extus albida, nigerrimo plus mi- nusve tincté vel articulatd, columella et aperture fauce purpureo-fusco radiatis. THE HORSE-CHESNUT PurPuRA. Shell ovate, spire rather short, sometimes a little elevated, whorls slightly an- gulated round the upper part, encircled with rows of tubercles, tubercles strong, sometimes obtuse, some- times prominent, the interspaces being impressly striated, lip noduled within; exterior whitish, more or less stained and articulated with jet black, colu- mella and interior of the aperture radiated with pur- ple-brown, Murex hippocastanum, Linneus. - Hab. Fastern Seas, South Seas, Zanzibar, Ke. I cannot agree with the principle advanced by my esteemed friend, M. Deshayes, in his observations on the Purpura hippocastanum, to the effect that any species of Lin- nean origin should be abandoned that cannot be satisfac- torily identified. The author of the ‘ Systema Nature’ had but a meagre range of antiquated figures to refer to for the illustration of his species, and he lived in a time when not only comparatively few shells had been discovered, but when the greater portion were collected dead upon the shore, and in very imperfect condition. The case before us is merely one of those instances in which Linnzeus, from the miscellaneous character of his materials, included several species under one specific head. It was his mis- fortune, in the present case, to refer to figures which have _ proved to be the representatives of different species, one of which in Rumphius’ ‘ Thesaurus Imaginum’ Pl. 24. Fig. C. a Purpura hystrix, is an error which appears to have es- caped even the penetration of Lamarck. The reference made by Linneus to Gualter’s great figure of the Pyrula galeodes (Pl. 31. Fig. F.) is probably a typographical error, for a figure resembling the shell under consideration, occurs at Pl. 43. Fig. V. of the same work, as corrected by Lamarck; it is a serious reflection on the genius and dis- crimination of the learned Professor of Upsal to imply that he could have simultaneously regarded the figures above cited in Rumphius and Gualter as the representatives of one and the same species. I think it is tolerably apparent from the references of Linnzeus, that he included the Pur- pure hippocastanum, bitubercularis, and pica under one spe- cific head (Murex hippocastanum), and confounded them with a dorsal figure of the P. hystrix; of these names the first has been assigned by Lamarck to the shell under review, and, although some confusion has arisen amongst naturalists, through one taking one type, and another se- lecting another, it is manifest that to abandon all on the principle advanced by M. Deshayes, would only lead to confusion worse confounded. The P. hippocastanum is, perhaps, the most readily dis- tinguished by a peculiarity in the arrangement of the colour- ing matter, which is for the most part articulated in small tessellated squares ranging between the engraved striz ; there is, however, a dark variety represented at Fig. 34. a, in which the articulation is lost in the overwhelming de- posit of black colouring, in broad close concentric stripes. Species 35. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Purpura LUTEOsTOMA. Purp. testé oblongo-ovatd, trans- versim undique striatd, anfractibus superne angulatis, infra seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis obtusis, interdum Jere obsoletis ; luteo-fuscescente, cinereo-nigricante lon- gitudinaliter undatim pictd, columella et aperture Sauce rufo-aurantiis. Tur YELLOW-MouTH PurPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, trans- versely striated throughout, whorls angulated at the upper part, encircled with rows of tubercles beneath, which are obtuse, and sometimes nearly obsolete ; yellowish brown, painted with longitudinal waves of ashy black, columella and interior of the aperture reddish orange. Desnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 98. Buccinum luteostoma, Chemnitz, vol. xi. p. 83. pl. 187. fy LS OOF B Hab. An interesting species, distinguished by its elevated spire and blueish tinge of colour. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA PICA. tricosd, anfractibus superné angulatis, infra biseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis solidis, prominentibus, subdis- Purp. testa ovatd, crassiusculd, subven- tantibus, aperture fauce striata ; migro alboque con- August, 1846. PURPURA.—Prate VIII. spicue variegatd, columella lutescente, rufo-fusco tincta, aperturd lutescente, margine nigro tessellata. THE MAGPIE PurPURA. Shell ovate, rather thick, some- what ventricose, whorls angulated at the upper part, encircled beneath with two rows of rather distant prominent tubercles, interior of the aperture striated with reddish brown, aperture yellowish, tessellated with black at the margine. De BLAINVILLE; Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 48. pl. 11. fig. 31. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low water); Cuming. The comparison of affinities which M. Kiener draws be- tween this species and the P. armigera, is quite uncalled for, the two species being far removed from each other ; it approaches rather to the P. ditubercularis, but may be distinguished by its broader and more ventricose shape, and by the more solid and obtuse growth of the tubercles, the aperture also differing in being striated. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA BITUBERCULARIS. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, transversim tmpresso-striatd, anfractibus superné sub- angulatis, infra biseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis acu- minatis, muricatis, labro intus denticulato; extus cinereo-nigricante, et luteo-albido csnspicué variegata, apertura rufescente-aurantia. THE DOUBLE-TUBERCLED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely impressly striated, whorls slightly angu- lated at the upper part, encircled beneath with two rows of acuminated prickly tubercles, denticulated within ; exterior conspicuously variegated with ashy black and yellowish-white, aperture reddish-orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 64. Purpura Kienerti, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. T consider M. Kiener perfectly correct in his illustration of this species, and that his figure is in every respect iden- tical with that of Seba. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA INTERMEDIA. brevi, subacuminatd, anfractibus superné leviter depres- sis, transversim tmpresso-striatis, seriatim obsolete tu- berculatis, apertura subampla, labro plano-incrassato, intus noduloso ; nigerrimd, areis inter tuberculos albi- maculatis, columella labrique margine purpureo-fusco tinctis. THE INTERMEDIATE Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, spire short, a little acuminated, whorls slightly de- pressed at the upper part, transversely impressly striated, encircled with rows of obsolete tubercles, aperture rather large, lip flatly thickened, nodulous within; very black, spaces between the tubercles blotched with white, columella and edge of the lip stained with purple-brown. Kener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 51. pl. 12. f. 34. Hab. ? An interesting well-defined species, quite distinct from either of those between which M. Kiener has considered it intermediate. Purp. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiré Tt Purpura Fi L A \ ‘ ot ra AN .\ RKeevermp Sowerby del et lith ~ PURPURA. PuateE IX. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA THIARELLA. Purp. testd ovatd, subincrassatd, spird breviusculd, angulato-acuminata, anfractibus transversim subtiliter liratis, longitudinaliter subpli- catis, superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum tubercu- lato-coronatis ; cinereo-grised, columella albidd, aper- ture fauce lutescente. THE LITTLE CROWN Purpura. Shell ovate, somewhat thickened, spire rather short, angularly acuminated, whorls transversely ridged, longitudinally subplicated, concavely angulated round the upper part, tuber- cularly coronated at the angle; ashy grey, columella whitish, interior of the aperture yellowish. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 83. Hab. Island of Vanikoro; Quoy. Approaching very closely to the P. imperialis, but constantly distinguishable by its more solid growth and stouter and ruder form. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura caTaracta. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, Bucci- niformi, scabrd, transversim subobsolete sulcatd, striis longitudinalibus oblique decussantibus ; columella plano- depressd, apertura inflatd ; griseo-albicante, strigis ni- gricantibus, irregulariter undulatis, longitudinaliter pictd, columella et aperture fauce purpureo-fuscis. Tue cataract PurpurA. Shell oblong-ovate, Buccinum- shaped, rough, transversely obsoletely grooved, with longitudinal striz crossing obliquely ; columella flatly depressed, aperture inflated ; greyish-white, painted longitudinally with irregularly undulating black streaks, columella and interior of the aperture purple- brown. Buccinum cataracta, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 188. pl. 152. f. 1455. Hab. ? No author appears to have yet succeeded in identifying the mysterious Buccinum cataracta of Chemnitz ; it is easy to frame a description referring to it, as did Lamarck, or to criticise the illustrations of others, as M. Deshayes has very properly done, but the test of an author’s researches is to produce the shell. M. Kiener in attempting this, has unfortunately added to the confusion; in his mono- graph of Purpura, he has figured at least two, if not three, species for P. cataracta and varieties, not one of which exhibits the slightest approach to Chemnitz’s figure, and all presenting the ordinary character of a grooved aperture, the absence of which in the Buccinum cataracta is one of its distinguishing features. Again, on referrmg to M. Kiener’s monograph of Buccinum, it will be found that he has figured another totally different shell under the name of B. Delalandi, referring, for the sake of illustration, to Chemnitz’s figure of B. cataracta. If M. Kiener regarded that shell as the species now under investigation, why not have adopted Chemnitz’s name, instead of compli- menting M. Delalande in opposition to the ordinary rules of nomenclature? we are all liable to error, and to avoid it is impossible, but the necessity for such a reiteration of critical correction as the labours of this author invoke, becomes irksome. The specimen here described and figured for the P. cataracta does not accord so intimately with Chemnitz’s figure as could be wished, but I believe it to be the shell intended, and leave others to form their own opinion of the accuracy of my views. It is a rough shell, obscurely erooved and striated, conspicuously and most irregularly undulated with black upon a white ground, the columella and interior of the aperture being perfectly smooth, and of a chocolate or purple-brown colour. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) PurpurRA BLAINVILLIL. minatd, anfractibus transversim nodoso-costatis, inter- Purp. testé ovatd, spira subacu- stitiis subtiliter liratis; columelld subangustd, labro intus sulcato, margine denticulato ; apertura subin- flatd ; fusca, columella albd, ferrugineo-rufo marginatd. De Buarnvitie’s Purpura. Shell ovate, spire a little acuminated, whorls transversely nodosely ribbed, in- terstices finely ridged; columella rather narrow, lip grooved within, denticulated at the margin ; aperture a little inflated; brown, columella white, edged with ferruginous red. Dusnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 93. Purpura Callaoensis, De Blainville, Kiener, (not of Gray). Hab. Bay of Callao, Peru. A light, rather delicately formed shell, in which the columella is edged with dark red. September, 1846. PURPURA.—Ptate IX. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura mGrova. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, transversim nodoso-costata et liraté, columella depressd, aperture Sauce conspicue sulcatd ; sordide lacted, liris fuscescen- tibus, labro intus eroceo-rufescente. THe stcKLy Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely nodosely ribbed and ridged, columella depressed, in- terior of the aperture conspicuously grooved; ding cream colour, ridges tinged with light brown, lip saffron-red within. Hab. New Holland. A very characteristie species, from New Holland, of which several specimens have been recently collected by Mr. Jukes, during the surveying expedition of H. M. S. “The Fly.’ It approaches nearest to the P. hemastoma, but is of a different style of sculpture, and always charac- terized by a pallid tone of colouring. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura unpata. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, utrinque subattenuatd, spird angulato-acuminatd ; anfractibus transversim subtiliter granoso-liratis, superne depressis, transversim costatis, costis peculiariter compresso- tuberculatis ; albo et cinereo-fusco longitudinaliter un- datim pictd, costis hic illic lutescentibus, columella et aperture fauce luteis. THE waveD Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, a little attenuated at each end, spire angularly acuminated ; whorls transversely ribbed, ribs peculiarly compressly tubercled ; painted longitudinally with waved ashy- brown and white, ribs here and there yellowish, columella and interior of the aperture yellow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 67. Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (under stones at low water); Cuming. Another example in which M. Kiener has figured dif- ferent species as varieties; easily determined, however, by its waved painting, and the compressed character of the tubercles. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Fioripana. Purp. testa oblongo-ovatdé, utringue conspicue attenuata, spird acuta; anfractibus superne depressis et subtiliter nodosis, transversim undique cre- berrimé liratis et suleatis; aperture fauce fortiter suleatd ; ceruleo-grised, zonis luteis angustis indistineté et irregulariter cingulatd, undulis nigricantibus longi- tudinaliter subindistincté pictd, columella et aperture Sauce aurantio-luteis. THe FLorrpa Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, conspi- cuously attenuated at both ends, spire sharp; whorls depressed and finely noduled round the upper part, transversely very closely ridged and grooved through- out, interior of the aperture strongly grooved; blueish- grey, indistinctly and irregularly encircled with narrow yellow zones, and rather indistinctly painted with blackish longitudinal waves, columella and interior of the aperture orange-yellow. Conrap, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vii. pl. 20. f. 21. Hab. Florida. A shell of elongated growth with a row of fine nodules round the upper portion of the whorls; of a blueish grey colour, waved longitudinally with black streaks. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura FascraTa. Purp. testé oblongo-ovaté, spird acuminata, exsertd, transversim subtiliter liratd et sul- cata, labro minute denticulato; ceruleo-albicante, Sasciis tribus angustis lutescentibus cingulatd, interstitiis ni- gricante longitudinaliter undulatis, aperture fauce albicante, prope marginem purpureo-radiata. THE BANDED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, spire acu- minated, exserted, transversely finely ridged and grooved; aperture rather short, a little inflated, in- terior grooved, lip minutely denticulated; blueish- white, encircled with three narrow yellowish bands, interior of the aperture whitish, rayed near the edge with purple. P) Hab. There is a marked peculiarity of form as well of colouring in this shell; the spire is acuminated whilst the aperture is short and almost rounded; the three equidis- tant yellow bands which encircle the last whorl are cha- racteristic, and so also is the purplish-white tinge of the aperture, in which there is no indication of yellow or orange-red. Lurpure ecby del ethth Reeve imp. Ree PUR A. ~Puate X. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) URPURA EMARGINATA. Purp. testé ovatd, crassi, spira brevi, anfractibus oblique plicatis et corrugatis, trans- versim costatis, costis rugosis, compressis, acute nodosis ; columellé excavatd, ampliter dilatatd ; rubido-fuscd, aperture fauce fusca, columella labroque albicantibus. THE EMARGINATED PurpurRA. Shell ovate, thick, spire short, whorls obliquely plaited and wrinkled, trans- versely ribbed, ribs rugose, compressed, sharply no- duled; columella excavated, largely dilated ; reddish- brown, interior of the aperture brown, lip and colu- mella whitish. YesHAYES, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., 1839. Magasin de Zool. 1841, Moll. Pl. 25. Purpura Conradi, Nuttall. Zab. California? New Zealand ? There is a considerable degree of uncertainty attending his species, which I am not able to clear up. M. Deshayes lescribed and figured a shell in the Magasin de Zoologie, mder the name of P. emarginata, in an immature state, marginated at the lip, said to be brought from New Zealand by M. Chiron; in the British Museum are several vell-authenticated specimens, answering in their minutest articulars with M. Deshayes’ description and figure above eferred to, collected by Mr. Nuttall in California, and aamed by him, in manuscript P. Conradi. The emargination noticed by M. Deshayes becomes almost obliterated with age, and the species differs exceed- ngly in its growth, the transverse ribs varying from smooth 0 roughly noduled. Species 47. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA LAPILLUS. Purp. testd ovatd, spird acutd, an- fractibus levibus, aut transversim crebré liratis, liris obsolete squamatis ; columelld excavatd, apertura dila- taté; albidd, aurantio-luteo conspicuée fasciatd, aut Serrugineo-fuscd. THE LITTLE stoNE Purpura. Shell ovate, spire sharp, whorls smooth, or transversely closely ridged, ridges obsoletely scaled; columella excavated, aperture di- lated; whitish, conspicuously banded with orange- yellow, or rusty brown. Variety B. Testa creberrime fimbriato-laminata. Shell very closely fimbriately laminated. Buccinun lapillus, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p- 1202. Eadem. Buccinum filosum, Gmelin. Hab. Shores of Europe. To particularize every discriminable variety of this Pro- tean species would occupy more space than the limits of the present work will allow; suffice it to illustrate the ordinary yellow-banded and lamellated states, and to observe by way of caution, that its modifications of colour and sculpture are’infinite. M. Kiener has figured twenty- one different varieties of the Purpura lapillus. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA SQUAMOSA. tricosd, spird prominuld, suturis profundis ; anfrac- Purp. testa oblongo-ovatd, subven- tibus rotundatis, transversim crebricostatis, costis an- gustis, obscure squamosis, interstitiis concinne striatis ; rubido-castaned, aperture fauce alba. THE sQUAMOSE PuRPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat ventricose, spire prominent, sutures deep; whorls rounded, transversely closely ribbed, ribs narrow, obscurely scaled, interstices neatly striated; reddish chesnut, interior of the aperture white. Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 74. Hab. Tigre Bay, Abyssinia. Approaching rather in form to the Whelk division of the Buccina. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) PuRPURA ATTENUATA. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi peculiariter attenuatd, anfractibus superné rotundatis, transversim creberrimé carinatis, carinis irregularibus, angustis, lateraliter eacavatis, interdum oblique subti- lissime laminatis ; intus extusque fusca. THE ATTENUATED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, pecu- liarly attenuated at the base, whorls rounded at the upper part, transversely very closely ridged, ridges irregular, narrow, excavated at the sides, sometimes obliquely very finely lammated; brown within and without. Hab. ? Although partaking somewhat of the character of P. /a- pillus, I believe it to be nevertheless distinct. September, 1846. PURPURA.—P.ate X. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA SEPTENTRIONALIS. Purp. testd subfusiformi- ovatd, crassd, ponderosa ; basi subcanaliculatd et re- curva ; anfractibus levibus, transversim obsolete liratis ; aperturé pared, labro intus obscure denticulato ; cas- taneo-fuscd, intus alba. THE NoRTHERN Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, thick, ponderous, slightly channelled and re- curved at the base; whorls smooth, transversely obsoletely ridged ; aperture small, lip obscurely den- ticulated within; chesnut brown, interior white. Hab. Sitka, north-west coast of America A solid ponderous shell, attenuately produced at the base. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Freycinet. Purp. testé ovata, tenui, inflata, basem versus attenuata, spird brevissimad, acuta ; an- fractibus obscuré subtiliter multicarinatis ; columella excavatd, angusté, inferné peculiariter compressé ; aperturé amplé ; pallidé fuscd, obscure fasciata, aper- ture fauce labroque albicantibus. FREYCINET’S Purpura. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, atte- nuated towards the base, spire very short, sharp ; whorls obscurely finely many-keeled ; columella exca- vated, narrow, peculiarly compressed at the lower part; aperture large, pale brown, obscurely banded, lip and interior of the aperture whitish. Desuaygs, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuy., 1839. Magasin de Zool. 1841, Moll. Pl. 26. | Hab. Kamtschatka. M. Deshayes describes this species as approximating to the Purpura Rudolphi, I tear however that this observation has rather a tendency to mislead ; it is much more closely allied to the Purpura haustrum, having the same light attenuated form, although sufficiently remote in general character. n . : Y i ‘ ‘ 7 f : 5 — ae ' « . « ' . i . : 4 7 = i yer 2 A \ 4 : 7 3 ! ' = g F se om ‘ i t - . ‘ i 2 t i a ‘ We ~% e bis Purpur Reeve i Sowerby del et lith Uae EU RAS Prats XI. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA MUSIVA. Purp. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, medio angulatd, transversim subtiliter striata, seriatim tuber- culatd, tuberculis ad angulum prominentibus, labro intus denticulato ; albidd, tuberculorum seriebus alter- natim aterrimis et rufo-fuscis, aperture fauce c@eru- lescente. THE Mosaic Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, angulated in the middle, transversely finely striated, encircled with rows of tubercles, which are prominent on the angle, lip denticulated within; whitish, rows of tubercles alternately jet black and reddish brown, interior of the aperture blueish. KIENER, Icon. Coq. vivantes, p. 38. pl. ix. f. 22. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming. An interesting species, which may be easily recognized by the alternating colour of the tubercles, those on the angle being reddish or light chesnut brown, and of a more prominent structure than those next in order, which are black. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA TRIGONA. Purp. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, medio gibbosd, utrinque attenuatd, spird brevi; anfractibus superne angulatis, transversim sulcatis et liratis ; aper- turd subelongatd ; ceruled et albd, fusco irrequlariter strigatd, columella et aperture fauce lutescente-albis. THE TRIANGULAR PurPURA. Shell ovate, rather thick, gibbous, attenuated at both ends, spire short ; whorls angulated round the upper part, transversely grooved and ridged ; aperture somewhat elongated ; blue and white, irregularly streaked with reddish brown, colu- mella and interior of the aperture yellowish-white. Hab. China and Malacca (under stones at low water). Chiefly distinguished by its stout triangular form. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA RUSTICA. Purp. testd ovald, spiré acutd, trans- versim liratd et striatd, liris plus minusve tuberculatis, longitudinaliter subobscuré plicatd, labro intus denti- culato et sulcato ; longitudinaliter fusco strigatd, in- terstitiis plumbeis, liris interdum pallidé flavescentibus, tuberculis semper coccineo-rufis ; columella et aperture Sauce aurantio-luteis. THE Rustic Purpura. Shell ovate, spire sharp, trans- versely ridged and striated, ridges more or less tuber- culated, longitudinally streaked with brown, interstices lead-colour, ridges sometimes tinged with pale yellow, tubercles always deep scarlet-red ; columella and in- terior of the aperture orange-yellow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 83. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low water); Cuming. M. Kiener, whose natural acuteness of perception seems somewhat inferior to that of his predecessor Lamarck, has figured an example of this species for an immature variety of the P. wadata; it is, however, constantly distinct. The Purpura rustica is uniformly smaller than the P. undata, and throughout all its variations of form between the little tuberculated example represented by Kiener (PI. 34. f. 81 ¢.), and the nearly smooth specimen figured in the accompanying plate, is forcibly characterized by the searlet-red colouring of the ridges on the tubercles. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA TUMULOSA. spird breviusculd, anfractibus quadriseriatim tubercu- Purp. testé ovatd, subventricosd, latis, tuberculis rotundatis, tumidis, levigatis, inter- stitiis subtiliter sulcatis ; albidd, tuberculis nigricante- Suscis, columella et aperture fauce flavicantibus. THE TUMULOUs PURPURA. Shell ovate, somewhat ven- tricose, spire rather short, whorls encircled with four rows of smooth round swollen tubercles, interstices finely grooved; whitish, tubercles blackish-brown, columella and interior of the aperture yellowish. Hab. Zanzibar (on the reefs). Easily distinguished by its prominent smooth rounded tubercles, which have a curious swollen appearance. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura speciosa. Purp. testa ovatd, spird brevissind ; anfractibus superné depressis, triseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis mucronatis, acutis; allidd, quadris parvis castaneo-fuscis undique tessellatd, zonis albidis inter tuberculos, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-luteis. THE BEAUTIFUL PuRPURA. Shell ovate, spire very short ; whorls depressed round the upper part, encircled with three rows of sharp-pointed tubercles ; whitish, tessel- lated throughout with small chesnut-brown squares, with white zones between the tubercles, columella and interior of the aperture orange-yellow. VaLencrennes, Zool. Humboldt’s Voyage. Purpura centiquadra, Duclos. Hab. Acapulco ; Humboldt. September, 1846. PURPURA.—Ptate XI. M. Kiener is evidently unacquainted with the P. speciosa ; it is quite distinct from the young of the P. bufo, to which he refers it; and may be recognised by the peculiar exact- ness of the little squares into which its colour is distributed. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura CaroLensts. Purp. testa orbiculari, spird bre- vissimd, depressd, anfractibus transversim fortiter biseriatim tuberculatis, subtiliter inciso-lineatis, areis intermediis minutissime regulariter striatis ; spadiceo- fuscescente, intus nived. Tur Cuartes Istanp Purpura. Shell orbicular, spire very short, depressed; whorls encircled with two rows of very prominent tubercles, and finely engraved lines, the interstices between which are very minutely regularly striated; light bay colour, interior snowy white. Hab. Charles Island, Gallapagos (under stones at low water); Cuming. Care must be taken not to confound this species with the P. Callacensis; it is rounder and of more ventricose proportions, is much more strongly tuberculated, and the minute engraved detail is different, the areas between the fine grooves being more numerously and regularly striated. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA SACELLUM. Purp. testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird acuminata ; anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angulum et infra seriatim squamatis, squames erectis, submuri- catis, peculiariter compressis, interstitiis minutissime squamulatis ; luteo-albicante, squamis fuscescentibus. Tur tempLe Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire acuminated, whorls angulated round the upper part, encircled with rows of erect somewhat prickly pecu- liarly compressed scales on and below the angle, the interstices between which are very minutely scaled ; yellowish white, scales light brown. Murex sacellum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 267. Hab. ? The shell figured by M. Kiener for the Purpura sacel- lum, accords distinctly with Lamarck’s description of the species, but it is not the Muree sacellum of Chemnitz ; neither Lamarck nor Kiener have identified it. M. Des- hayes notices the discrepancy between the figures of Kiener and Chemnitz, and it is peculiarly gratifymg to me to be enabled to produce the true species. The ac- companying figure may appear somewhat dissimilar from the antiquated drawing in the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ at first sight, but a comparison with the original description removes all doubt on the subject :—‘testa umbilicata, flavescente, costis muricato-spinosis circwmcincta, anfrac- tibus supra late planiusculis et margine acuto, imbricato, a parietibus distinctis, spims costarum ex fusco Macu- latis, subulatis, labro crenato, caude recta adscendente”. The shell figured by M. Kiener Pl. 14, Fig. 39 a, as a variety of the P. imperialis, is, 1 think, a P. sacellum. Species 59. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA MURICINA. Purp. testé ovatd vet oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus superné depressis, longitudinaliter plicato- costatis, costis interdum duplicatis, superficie tota mi- nutissime et creberrime squamata ; sordidé fusca vel nigricante, albo articulatéd et tessellatd, columella labroque chocolato-fuscis, aperture fauce cerulescente, Tur LITTLE MoUSE PurpuRA. Shell ovate or oblong- ovate, whorls depressed round the upper part, longi- tudinally plicately ribbed, ribs more or less tubereu- lated, transversely ribbed, ribs sometimes duplicated, entire surface of the shell very minutely and closely scaled; dun brown or blackish, articulated and tessellated with white, lip and columella chocolate- brown, interior of the aperture blueish. De Brarnvitue. Nouv. Ann. du Mus. pl. 10. Fig.2 to 5. Purpura tessellata, Sowerby, Genera of Shells. Hab. Philippe Islands, (under stones) ; Cuming. This extremely variable, yet well-defined, species, was introduced by M. De Blainville, under three heads, P.muricina, Muricoides, and Turbinoides ; and in M.Kiener’s ‘Teonographie’, it will be found that the shells repre- sented in his group of ‘ Pourpres semi-ricinules’ Fig. 13 and 17, are clearly identical with that figured among his ‘Pourpres buccinoides’ at Fig. 82. The species is subject to a remarkable degree of modification, but may be recog- nized in all its phases, amongst other characters, by the surface being closely bestudded with minute scales. Species 6.9 (Mus. Cuming). Purpura ALVEOLATA. Purp. testd subfusiformi-ovata, transversim obscure costatd, undique inciso-striatd, costis obsolete tuberculatis, tuberculis obtusis, superfi- ciariis, columelld subdepressa, labro intus dentato ; albidd, tuberculis nigris, areis inter strias maculis nigris oblongis interrupts, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-luteis. CHECKERED PurPURA. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, ribbed, — encirck throughout with engraved striz, ribs obsoletely tuber- culated, tubercles black, spaces between the stria interrupted with oblong black spots, columella and interior of the aperture orange yellow. Hab. Panama (under stones) ; Cuming. THE transversely obscurely A very characteristic species easily recognized by its style of colouring above described. SS ———————— ’ Purpura L Reeve PURPURA. Puiate XII. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura ANaxares. Purp. testd ovata, subfusiformi, transversim inciso-striatd et fortiter tuberculato-nodosd, labro intus denticulato ; purpureo-nigra, nodis albis, aperture fauce purpured. THE DIMINUTIVE PURPURA. form, transversely deeply striated and strongly tuber- cularly noduled, lip denticulated within; purple-black, nodules white, interior of the aperture dark purple. Ductos ; Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 26. pl. 7. ie, Wife Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs); Cuming. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi- Distinguished by its conspicuous white nodules. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura prapema. Purp. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, spira acuminata; anfractibus superné depressis, subtiliter impresso-striatis, striis obsolete punctatis ; spiraliter bicarinatis, carinis tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, erectis ; pallidé spadiced, intus alba. Tue piapem Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire acuminated ; whorls depressed round the upper part, finely impressly striated, strie obsoletely punctured ; spirally double-keeled, keels tuberculated, tubercles compressed, erect ; light bay colour, interior white. Hab. Payta (on the reefs) ; Cuming. Easily recognized by its compressly tubercled keels. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura costunaris. Purp. testé fusiformi, longitudi- naliter plicato-costatd, transversim ereberrime et sub- filissima liratd, liris minutissimé squamatis ; apertura parvi, labro serrato ; violascente-albd, columella et aperture fauce vivide violaceis. THE SMALL-RIBBED PurruRA. Shell fusiform, longitu- dinally plicately ribbed, transversely very closely and finely ridged, ridges very minutely scaled ; aperture small, lip serrated ; violet-tinged white, columella and interior of the aperture deep violet. De Brave, Nouv. Am. du Mus. pl. 11, f. 9. Murex costularis, Lamarck. Isle of Masbate, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Hab. T include this shell in the present genus on account of its affinity with the P. galea, violacea, Ke. See, 2s eee Species 64. (Mus. Taylor.) PURPURA UNIFASCIALIS. Purp. testd ovatd, tenui, ven- tricosd, anfractibus transversim tenuissimé striatis, biseriatim nodosis, superne depressis ; columella an- gustd, apertura dilatatd, subtiliter sulcatd ; spadiceo- fusca, fascié albidd angustd medio cingulatd, aperture sulcis prope labrum rufescentibus. THE SINGLED-BANDED PurpuRA. Shell ovate, thin, ven- tricose, whorls transversely very finely striated, en- circled with two rows of nodules, depressed round the upper part; columella narrow, aperture dilated, finely grooved ; light bay colour, encircled round the middle by a narrow whitish band, grooves of the aperture red near the lip. Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 86. Hab. ? This is not a variety of the P. hemastoma, as M. Kiener supposes, but a very excellent species, distinguished, without reference to the banded style of colouring, by its light inflated growth and other peculiarities of detail ; | it approaches very closely to the P. Blainvillii, but the aperture is proportionably larger and more dilated, the columella is not, moreover, edged with red. The shell before me answers with peculiar accuracy, irrespective of the band, both with Lamarck’s description, and the figure cited by him in the ‘Encyclopédie Méthodique., Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura GALEA. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovatd, Pyrule- formi, ampliter umbilicatd, spird brevi; anfractibus, longitudinaliter plicatis, superne plano-depressis, trans- versim costatis, et creberrime subtiliter liratis, liris minutissimd squamatis; alba, coccineo pallidissime tinctd. Tur HELMET PurPuRA. Shell abbreviately ovate, Pyrula- shaped, largely umbilicated, spire short; whorls longitudinally plicated, flatly depressed round the upper part, transversely ribbed and very closely finely ridged, ridges very minutely scaled; white, very faintly tinged with scarlet. Murex galea, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. p. 237. pl. 160. fig. 1518, 1519. Pyrula abbreviata, Lamarck. Purpura abbreviata, Kener. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. This remarkable species is very closely allied, generically, to the Pyrula Mawe, but its affinity with the Purpura riolacea and others, renders the present the most appro- priate genus for its reception. Se September, 1846. PURPURA.—Puate XII. Species 66. (Mus. Taylor.) PURPURA TEXTILIOSA. Purp. testd ovaté, ventricosd, transversim undique obsolete costatd, costis superfi- ciariis, irregularibus, confertis, interstitiis subindistinete pertusis, aperturd ampla; sordide alba, labro intus pallidé aurantio tincto. INTERWOVEN Purpura. Shell ovate, ventricose, transversely obsoletely ribbed throughout, ribs super- ficial, irregular, close-set, interstices rather indistinctly punctured, aperture large; dull white, lip palely tinged within with orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p. 77. Hab. New Holland. Amply distinguished from the P. succincta by the super- ficial character of the encircling ribs, the P. ¢extiliosa yet passes into that species through a succession of interme- diate states. THE Species 67. (Mus. Hanley.) PURPURA BISERIALIS. Purp. testa oblongo-ovatd, spird conico-acutd, anfractibus transversim tenuissime inciso- striatis, superné depressis, biseriatim tuberculatis ; pal- lide grised, striis fuscis, fusco irregulariter strigatda, columelld vivide rufi, aperture fauce pallidd, rufo prope labrum tincta. THE DOUBLE ROW PURPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, spire conically acute, whorls encircled with fine engraved striee, depressed round the upper part, beneath which are two rows of tubercles; pale gray colour, striae brown, irregularly streaked with brown, columella bright red, interior of the aperture pale, tinged with red towards the lip. De BuatnvitiE, Nouy. Ann. du Mus. Pl. 11. Fig. 11, Hab. A I venture to refer this shell to P. diserialis of De Blain- ville; it answers with peculiar accuracy to his description, and is quite distinct from any other species of the present monograph. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) PURPURA SQUAMULOSA. Purp. testé globoso-ovatd, basem versus attenuata, spira brevissima, depressd ; anfracti- bus superné rotundatis, liris subtilibus minute squamu- losis undigue creberrimé cinctis; albd, columelld et aperture fauce pallidé violaceis. THE FINELY SCALED PurpuRA. Shell globosely ovate, attenuated towards the base, spire rather short, de- pressed ; whorls rounded at the upper part, very closely encircled throughout with fine minutely scaled ridges; white, columella and interior of the aperture pale violet. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs at low water ); Cuming. This delicately sculptured species has very much the form of the P. violacea, from Taheite, but it is perfectly distinct; the entire surface is encircled with minutely scaled ridges similar in pattern to those of the beautiful little Murex squamulosus of Philippi, and the colour of the mouth is a pale violet of a different tint. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Mapreporarum. Purp. testd depresso-ovata, spird brevissimd, interdum oculatd ; transversim tenuis- sime striata, scabra ; aperturé ampli, marginibus latis- simé dilatatis, columelld, plano-depressd ; alba, colu- mellé vivide purpureo-violaced, aperture fauce purpureo- violaceo partim tincta. Tur Maprepore Purpura. Shell depressly ovate, spire very short, sometimes concealed; transversely very finely striated, rough ; aperture large, margins very widely dilated, columella flatly depressed ; white, columella rich purple-violet, interior of the aperture partially stained with purple violet. Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Purpura. Purpura monodonta Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Bastern Seas (upon madrepores). T adopt Mr. Sowerby’s name for this interesting parasite, first, because he introduced it simultaneously if not prior to that of M M. Quoy and Gaimard, and secondly because the name assigned to it by those naturalists is a very inappropriate one, there being nothing in the structure of the shell that can be designated a tooth. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura vionacea. Purp. testd ovati, crassd, ponderosa, bast attenuata, subcanaliculatd, spird, brevissima ; transversim obsolete striata, scabrd ; alba, columelld et aperture fauce vivide purpureo-violaceis Tue viotnT Purpura. Shell pyriformly ovate, thick, ponderous, attenuated and somewhat channelled at the base, spire very short, transversely obsoletely striated, rough; white, columella and interior of the aperture rich purple violet. Krener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 77. pl. 19. f. 57. Murex Neritoideus, Chemnitz (not of Linnzus). Fusus Neritoideus, Enc. Méth. Pyrula Neritoidea, Lamarck. Purpura Neritoidea, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Taheite (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This well-known shell may be easily distinguished from the Purpura squamulosa, by its rude structure and deep purple violet colouring. Per eehe gen ae rs Sowerby del et hth LATA Ue wR A: Piate XIII. Species 71. (Mus. Brit.) Purpura Quoyi. Purp. testa subfusiformi, utringue pro- duct, anfractibus superné concavo-depressis, longitudi- naliter subtilissimé laminatis, costis lirisque rugosis aut scabrosis cinctis ; columella pared, labro intus crenato ; albidé aut fuscescente, aperture fauce purpureo-fusca. Quoy’s Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiform, produced at each end, whoris concavely depressed round the upper part, longitudinally very finely laminated, encircled with rough and scabrous ribs and ridges; columella excavated, aperture small, lip crenated within ; whitish or light brown, interior of the aperture purple brown. Purpura rugosa, Quoy, Zool. Voy. de V Astrolabe, pl. 38. f'9 to; 211. Hab. New Zealand. M. Kiener appears to have confounded this interesting little species with the following. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura scosina. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus convewis, liris transversis et longitudinalibus creberrime clathratis ; nigricante-fuscd, liris transversis interdum albis, columellaé purpureo-fuscd, aperture fauce caru- lescente. THE FILE PURPURA. very closely latticed with transverse and longitudinal ridges; blackish-brown, transverse ridges sometimes white, columella purple-brown, interior of the aper- Shell oblong-ovate, whorls convex, ture blueish. Quoy, Zool. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, pl. 38. f. 12 and 13. Hab. New Zealand. An extremely variable species, but one whose different phases exhibit a good specific affinity. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura Nux. Purp. testé ovata, crassiusculd, subventri- cosd, anfractibus convewis, transversim irregulariter nultiliratis, lirarum interstitiis laminis decussatis, labro intus dentato ; olivaceo-fusco varid, hic illie albipunc- tata, columella et aperture fauce albis. Tur nut Purpura. Shell ovate, rather thick, somewhat veutricose, whorls convex, encircled with numerous irregular ridges, the interstices between which are crossed with minute lamine, hp toothed within ; variegated with olive brown, dotted with white, columella and interior of the aperture white. Hab. An interesting species, not immediately allied with any hitherto described. ? Species 74. (Mus. Brit.) PuRpuRA sprraLis. Purp. testd ovata, tenui, inflatd, costis quinis prominentibus conspicuée spiraliter cinctd, interstitis longitudinaliter striatis, costis latis, planatis, levibus, lateribus excavatis ; albido-fuscescente, costis rufo-fuscis. THE SPIRAL PurPuRA. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, conspi- cuously spirally encircled with five prominent ribs, smooth and flattened at the summit, excavated at the sides, with the interstices striated longitudinally ; whitish-brown, ribs reddish brown. Purpura trochlea, var. Kiener, leon. Coq. viv. pl. 28. f. 75 and 75 a. Hab. iv “Tt is very possible,” says M. Deshayes, “that this shell may constitnte a species distinct from the P. cingulata (P. trochlea, Lam). There cannot, I think, be a doubt of it, it is uniformly larger, more inflated, and has a larger number of ribs, Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura ScaLartrormis. Purp. testd acuminato-turritd, anfractibus superne angulatis, suturis depressis, infra angulum carinatis et striatis, carinis irregularibus, acutis ; extus intusque alba. Tue ScALARIA-SHAPED PURPURA. turreted, whorls angulated round the upper part, de- pressed at the sutures, keeled and striated beneath the angle, keels irregular, sharp; white within and Shell acuminately without. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 73. Hab. Juan Fernandez (in rocky places at low water) ; Cuming. The sculpture and general tone of this shell so far re- sembles the P. galea, that it has been considered an elongated growth of that species. The P. deformis of Lamarck, according to Kiener, is a monstrosity of the P. gaiea; and the P. brevis of De Blainville, the young of the same. October, 1546. PURPURA.—Prate XIII. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) PurpPuRA cineuLaTa. Purp. test oblongo-ovatd, costis tribus aut minoribus spiraliter cingulatd, costis valde prominentibus, planatis, levibus, utrinque excavatis, cos- tarum interstitiis subtilissimé striatis ; cinereo-albicante, aperture fauce fusco tinctd. THE BELTED PurpuRA. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally en- circled with three, or fewer, ribs, which are peculiarly prominent, smooth and flattened at the summit, and excavated at the sides, interstices between the ribs very finely striated; ashy-white, interior of the aperture stained with brown. DesHayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 86. note. Buccinum cingulatum, Linneus. Purpura trochlea, Lamarck. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. The prominence and regularity of the ribs impart a peculiar screw-like appearance to the shell, the effect of which is increased by the depression of the sutural portion of the spire. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura AFFINIS. Purp. testd recto-fusiformi, crassa, solida, spird acuté acuminata, anfractibus tuberculis solidis prominentibus biseriatim cinctis, iterstitis striatis ; columellé obsolete plicaté ; apertura parva, labro intus dentato ; alba, aperture fauce crocato-fus- cescente. THE ALLIED PurpuRA. Shell straightly fusiform, thick, solid, spire sharply acuminated, whorls encircled with two rows of prominent solid tubercles, interstices striated ; columella obsoletely plaited, aperture small, lip toothed within; white, interior of the aperture saffron-brown. Hab. Flizabeth Island, South Seas, (on exposed rocks at half-tide) ; Cuming. I have examined several examples of this species, and find it uniformly distinct from the P. armigera to which it is so closely allied. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura GIpposa. Purp. testa, subventricosd, spird brevi, anfractibus concentricé plicato-costatis, costis tumidis, si bnodosis, transversim subtilissimé et creberrime cari- natis, carinis acutis, irregularibus, minute squamatis ; alba, violaceo tinctd, aperture fauce vivide violaced. THE GrBBoUS PuRPURA. Shell ovate, somewhat ventri- cose, spire rather short, whorls concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs swollen, somewhat nodose, trausversely very finely and closely keeled, keels sharp, irregular, minutely scaled ; white, tinged, with violet, interior of the aperture deep violet. A small gibbous species approximating im general character to some of the Murices. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) Purpura CatuaoEnsis. Purp. testdé ovatd, subdepressa, spird brevissimad ; anfractibus levibus aut obsolete nodosis, transversim tenuissimée sulcatis, areis inter sulcos minutissimeé regulariter striatis ; columellé exca- vata, aperturdé ampla, labro crenulato ; sordidé albd, fuscescente subindistincté longitudinaliter undulatd, co- lumella et aperture fauce albis. THe Catitao Purpura. Shell ovate, a little depressed, spire very short ; whorls smooth or obsoletely nodose, transversely very finely grooved, areas between the grooves very minutely regularly striated ; columella excavated, aperture large, lip crenulated; dull white, rather indistinctly longitudinally festooned with light brown, columella and interior of the aperture white. Gray, Spicilegia Zoologica p. 4. pl. 6. f. 11. Hab. Callao Bay; Hennah, Cuming. An interesting little species, described some years since by Mr. Gray, of which there are several examples in the British Museum. Species 80. (Mus. Brit.) Purpura JANELLI. contracta, spird brevi ; anfractibus transversim striatis, superné declivibus, infra tuberculis rotundatis obtusis seriatim armatis ; columella arcuatd, labro intus denti- culato et lirato; albidd, epidermide olivaceo-fuscé indutd, columelléd rubro-nigricante, aperture fauce cerulescente. JANELLE’s Purpura. Shell ovate, stout in the middle, contracted at the base, spire short; whorls trans- versely striated, sloping round the top, armed beneath with rows of blunt rounded tubercles; columella arched, lip denticulated and ridged within ; whitish, covered by an olive-brown epidermis: columella reddish black, interior of the aperture blueish. Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 122. pl. 31. f. 89. Hab. Payta; Kiener. Purp. testé ovatd, medio obesd, bast A very rare and characteristic species of which there are two specimens in the British Museum. PURE UORTA: [ Lemporary Index.) Plate. Species. Plate. Species. abbreviata, Kiener............. XII. 65 imperialis, De. Blainville........ VII. 30 FEMTOLAP ECVE |) oye ale eins mis ie IX. 42 | inerma, Reeve ..........-2..0: V. 20 PRTITISWACCUE 155 focrs viearis a= s sie XIII. 77 intermedia, Kiener ............ VIII. 38 Bilveolata, Reeve...........--.- Ad. 60 Janellii, Kiener ..........-..+- XII. 80 anaxares, Duclos.............. XII. 61 Kieneri, Deshayes .........-.-- VILL. 37 aperta, De Blainville........... U1. 15 kiosquiformis, Duclos .......... VU. 31 armigera, Lamarck............ VI. 27 lapillus, Lamarck ............. X. 47 Ascensionis, Quoy..........--- Il. 11 lineata, Kiener................ VIL. 29 attenuata Reeve............... X. 49 luteostoma, Deshayes .......... VIM. 35 bicostalis, Zamarck............ VI. 28 macrostoma, Conrad ..........- II. 15 bimaculata, Jonas ............. If 5 Madreporarum, Sowerby ........ XI. 69 biserialis, De Blainville......... XII. 67 mancinella, Lamarch........... iL 2 bitubercularis, Lamarck ........ VIII. 37 melones, Duclos .............. IV. 19 Blainvillii, Deshayes .........-. IX. 41 monodonta, Quoy ............. XII. 68 buccinea, Deshayes ..........-. IVE 16 muricina, De Blainville......... XI. 59 DDUtO, Lamarck ...00s ses cee 1. 7 MUSLY AeA CENETE SS tes eee XI. 52 Callacensis, Gray..........-.. XIII. 79 Neritoidea, Deshayes........... IIL. 12 Callaoensis, De Blainville ....... IX. 4) Neritoidea, Quoy ............. XI. 70 ealifera, Lamarck ............ VI. 25 TIUKSPALCCOCH ear cea amen seer Rares XII. W3 @allosa, Lamarck.............- Il. 7 patulayamarck .~ 25 0. 3 psa IL, 3 carinifera, Lamarck............ VI. 26 PCLSICAs) LCIAKCK) pata) fol oi sieht) y= ite 8 Carolensis, Reeve.............. XI. 57 pica, De Blainville ............ VU. 36 cataracta, (Bue.) Chemmitz...... IX. 40 planospira, Lamarck ..-....... Il. 14 centiquadra, Duclos........--.- xT 56 Quoyieehceve anes XU. yal chocolatum, Duclos..........-. We 22 Rudolphi, Lamarck............ IL. 10 cingulata, Deshayes...........- XIU. 76 PUES AUBIN 35 Bo Sn ARGO O6cr VE 23 columellaris, Lamarck .......... Il. 9 mudi GW peas geeseorecens = DNL 71 Wonradi, Nuttall’)... .2.2.----.< xe 46 MUSUICAn ILCCUS ns ey eteicre eerie mee 54 Wonsuly Lamarck. ..cessca-2g0- Le 4 sacellum, Lamarck ..........+- xi 58 Boronata, Hamarch ..:...2:+-.- VI. 25 Scalariformis, Lamarck ......... XII. 75 ornuta, Menke .............. V.- 21 qwlane, (Viapesoaoeececonoace AIM 72 costularis (Murex.), Lamarck.... XII. £3 62 septentrionalis, Reeve .......... X. 50 crassa, De Blainville........... IV. 19 spathulifera, De Blainville ...... Tne 13 deltoidea, Lamarck ............ IV. 18 speciosa, Valenciennes.......... XI. 56 diadema, Lamarck ............ XII. 62 Rallis, MAG oe Bano abode coe XIII. 74 MjOrbignys, Heeve ...-.5...5-. WADE 32 squamosa, Lamarck ........... X. 48 echinata, De Blainville.......... VIL. 33 squamulosa, Reeve ............ XII. 68 echinulata, Lamarck ........... Ils 1 SIAL!) CSHAY CS etatety t-te tet ete 23 emarginata, Deshayes .......... X. 46 iat ONO; Baesehoapeonoses | LAY 16 HBSCIALA TN CCUC Is... 0 oc cntaiirn sess IX. 45 succincta, Lamarck ..........-- Vv. 23 Mlondana, Conrad ............ LX AA tessellata, Sowerby ...........- XI. 59 Freycinetii, Deshayes .......... X. 51 textiliosa, Lamarck ............ XII. 66 Reus; SOweLby «..-.25:-.--.-- THe 12 thiarella, Zamarckh............. IX. 39 galea (Murex), Chemnitz ....... XII. 65 lino, U2 aa Boascdencecoes Ml. 53 gemmulata, Enc. Méth.......... i, 2 trochlea, amarck............- XIU. 76 PIbbOsa, Meeve .... 5. wees eens XIU. 78 tumida, Schubert. ............ ID. 7 PHP ANUCAMILECDE: «..va1o\- s1s)-/=) +41 c1el@)= IV. 17 tumulosa, Reeve .........-..... XI. 55 Guinensis Schubert ............ vals 25 undata, Lamarck... .-s----0504 DX. 43 hemastoma, Lamarck .......... VE. 21 unifascialis Lamarck .........-. XII. 64 lima, @26) Sooeeeooosesoe, lll 6 violacea, Kiener .....--.-..... Mill. 70 hippocastanum, Lamarck........ VIII. 34 xanthostoma, Broderip.......... We 24 hystrix, Lamarck............-- Ii. 13 4 orn dP 2 MONOGRAPH heleGoleN U L.A. “These are thy glorious works, Parent of good, Almighty ! °—Jf/ton. Ricniula F11, Reeve imp: Sow exby, del. et. hth. Ree Te Neu EA. Prats I. Genus Ricinua, Lamarck. Testa suborbiculari- vel fusiformi-ovata, sepissimé tuberculata aut spinosa, spird nunc brevissimd, depressd, nunc acu- minaté ; aperturd subangustd, columella subexcavatd, interdum. corrugaté aut dentatd, labro intus dentato, dentibus nodulosis aut pliceformibus, labri margine interdum, autem raro, digitato. Operculum corneum, tenue, semilunare. Shell somewhat orbicularly or fusiformly ovate, most fre- quently tuberculated or spined, spire sometimes very short and depressed, sometimes acuminated ; aperture rather narrow, columella a little excavated, sometimes wrinkled or toothed, lip toothed within, teeth nodu- lous or plait-like, edge of the lip sometimes, but rarely, digitated. Operculum horny, thin, semilunar. In adopting the genus Ricinula, I propose to include a much wider range of species than has been hitherto refer- red to it; namely, that fusiform series distinguished from Buceinum and Purpura by the nodulous dentition of the inner lip, arranged by M. Kiener as a section of the latter genus, under the significant title of “ Les Pourpres semi- ricinules ;” and of which the Purpura fiscellum of authors may be regarded as the type. It cannot be disputed that there are species in the genera Ricinula, in its limited acceptation, and Purpura, mn which it is difficult to define any generic difference ; as for example, between the P. hystrie and the R. arachnoides, or between the P. aperta and certain varieties of the R. clathrata ; but the alteration of names in familiar usage should, as far as possible, be avoided. A large proportion of the species Tam about to characterize as Ricinule, have not been hitherto described, and their connection with the Purpwre proper, is one of such very remote affinity, that I prefer elevating the genus under consideration into one of more importance, to the creation of a new genus, or to the fusion of the whole into one, after the manner of the French naturalists. The soft parts of the typical species of Ricinula differ in _ no respect from those of Purpura, and, in both genera, are furnished with a thin horny operculum. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) RictnuLa ELEGANS. icin. testdé rotundato-ovata, basi attenuatd, brevissima ; transversin regulariter spinosa, spinis squameformibus, prominentibus, marginem versus gradatim longioribus, interstitiis minutissime et pul- cherrime squamatis, columella labroque intus conspicue dentatis ; albicante, apertura eburned, lined vivide rufa concinne circumdata. ELEGANT RicrnuLa. Shell rotundately ovate, atten- uated at the base, spire very short ; transversely regularly spinous, spines scale-like, prominent, gra- dually longer towards the margin, interstices very minutely and beautifully scaled, lip and columella conspicuously toothed within ; whitish, aperture ivory white, very prettily encircled with a bright red line. Broperrpe and Sowersy, Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 376. Beechey’s Voyage, Moll. pl. 36. f. 4. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on reefs at low water) ; Cuming. THE No one can fail to recognize this very rare and delicate species by the bright red line which encircles the aperture ; in other respects it mostly resembles the #. arachnoides. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA DIGITATA. depressi, spird brevissimd ; transversim obtuso-costatd, Ricin. testd obovatd, peculiariter minutissime crispato-squamatd, costis spiram versus nodosis aut tuberculatis, frondibus depresso-palmatis, supernd majoribus, ad marginem desinentibus ; albidé aut lutescente, apertura vivide luteo-aurantid. Tue FrINcERED RrcinvuLa. Shell obovate, peculiarly de- pressed, spire rather short; transversely obtusely ribbed, very minutely crisply scaled, ribs nodose or tuberculated towards the spire, ending on the margin in depressly palmate fronds, the upper of which are the larger; whitish or yellowish, aperture bright yellowish orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p, 50, Ricinula (Purpura) lobata, De Blainville. RY Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. Variety B. Testa fusca, apertura vivide nigricante-castaned. Shell brown, with the aperture bright dark chesnut. . (, yey Ricinula (Purpura) lobata, Deshayes. Hab. Sechelle Islands (on the reefs at low water); Rous- seau. I am sorry to be obliged to differ from two such autho- rities as M. M. De Blainville and Deshayes in regard to the specific rank of the Sechelle Island variety; there cannot be a doubt, in my estimation, of the immediate August, 1846. RICINULA.—Puate I. affinity of the shells here represented; they exhibit no difference except in colour; and I think, with Mr. Sowerby, that they cannot be regarded otherwise than as varieties of one and the same species. The arrangement of synonymes, above recorded, show that M. De Blainville erroneously considered the dark variety as the Lamarckian type. (Ads Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinuta worRiDa. Ricin. testd ovato-globosd, spird brevissimd, transversim tuberculatd, tuberculis brevibus, squameformibus, acutis, columella labroque fortiter dentatis ; albidd aut lutescente, tuberculis nigricantibus, apertura violaced. Tur rRouGH RrctnuLa. Shell ovately globose, spire very short, transversely tuberculated, tubercles short, scale- like, sharp, lip and columella strongly toothed; whitish or yellowish, tubercles blackish, aperture violet. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 47. Murex neritoideus, Gmelin, (not of Linneus). Ricinella violacea, Schumacher. Hab. Philippine and Society Islands (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. This well-known species is distingwshable from all others by its black tubercles and violet aperture. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) RicinuLa 1opostoma. icin. testa suborbiculari-ovatd, crassa, ponderosa, subdepressd, spird brevissimd, trans- versim striata, et obtuse vel obsoleté costatd, costis ad marginem prominentioribus, apertura fortiter dentatd, superné callosé ; albicante, costis fusco-nigricantibus, striis intermediis fuscescentibus, apertura vivide roseo- purpurea. THE VIOLET MoUTH RicinuLA. Shell somewhat orbicu- larly ovate, thick, ponderous, rather depressed, spire very short, transversely striated and obtusely, or rather obsoletely, ribbed, ribs more prominent at the margin, aperture strongly toothed, thickened at the upper part; whitish, ribs brownish-black, intermediate strie brown, aperture bright pinkish purple. Lesson, Magasin de Zoologie, 1842. Moll. pl. 58. Hab. New Zealand, Lesson; Straits of Macassar; Rohr. An interesting species, introduced by M. Lesson, and forming a valuable addition to the typical portion of the genus ; it may be readily distinguished from the 2. horrida by the absence of tubercles, in place of which it is encircled with conspicuous dark bands, and the more pinky tinge of the purple which characterizes the aperture. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) RicrnuLA ARAcHNoIDES. icin. testé obovatd, spird brevissimd, transversim costatd, costis spinis squame- formibus muricatis, spinis marginem versus longioribus, costarum interstitiis striatis, striis interdum minutissime squamatis ; lutescente, costis albidis, spinis partim vel omnino nigricantibus, apertura interdum maculis luteis circumdata. THE SPIDER-LIKE RicrnuLa. Shell obovate, spire very short, transversely ribbed, ribs muricated with scale- like spines, spines longer towards the margin, inter- stices between the ribs striated, striae sometimes mi- nutely sealed; yellowish, ribs white, spines partially or entirely blackish, aperture sometimes encircled with yellow spots. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 49. Murex ricinus, Linneus. Unspotted variety, Ricinula albolabris, De Blainville. Hab. Philippine and Society Islands ; Cuming. Here again I must be allowed to differ from M. M. De Blainville and Deshayes. There can be no doubt of the specific affinity between 2. albolabris of the former, and the R. arachnoides of Lamarck; the “stries subécailleuses ” to which M. Deshayes refers, as distinguishing the former, are but a modification of growth, the strize being sometimes smooth, sometimes, and especially in young individuals, developed in minute scales, characteristic of the normal state. The spines of this species are more or less coloured black, sometimes altogether white, and the presence or absence of yellow spots at the aperture is subject to the same law of variety. — ow. a) a ee oe i 6 hRiciniwta. Ll Reeve iw RICINULA. Puate II. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA MuTIcA. icin. testé ovato-globosd, crassisind, basi subattenuald, spird brevissimd, obtusd ; transversim inciso-striatd, mutica, columellé subexcavatd, levigatd, labro intus conspicué dentato ; fusco-nigricante, aper- turd alba, aut pallide violaceo-alba. THE smooth Ricinuta. Shell ovately globose, very thick, a little attenuated at the base, spire very short, obtuse; transversely deeply striated, smooth, colu-- mella slightly excavated, smooth, lip conspicuously toothed within; brownish black, aperture white, or pale violet-tinged white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 51. Testa junior, Ricinula pisolina, Lamarck. Hab. Mozambique (on coral reefs at low water); Hennah. A very distinctly charaterized species, and one that is rarely met with; the &. pisolina of Lamarck is referred to the young state, on the testimony of M. Kiener. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) RicinuLa porPHYROsTOMA. icin. testa oblongo-ovatd, utringue attenuata, spird subprominente, acutd ; longi- tudinaliter concentricé costatd, transversim peculiariter liratd, liris numerosis angustis, confertis, inter costas profundé excavatis, aperturé utrinque denticulatd ; livido-olivaced, liris cinereo-albicantibus, aperturd vivide purpureo-laced. THE PURPLE-MoUTH RicrnuLA. Shell oblong-ovate, at- tenuated at both ends, spire rather prominent, sharp ; longitudinally concentrically ribbed, transversely pecu- liarly ridged, ridges numerous, narrow, close-set, deeply excavated between the ribs, aperture denticu- lated on both sides; livid olive colour, ridges ashy- white, aperture deep purple-lake. RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Marquesas Islands (on the reefs at low water); Rohr. An interesting new species distinguished by the erect character of the transverse ridges, especially across the interstices between the ribs, which, however, become some- what obsolete with age; the rich purple-lake colouring of the aperture is also worthy of notice. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA MENDICARIA, icin. testa ovatd. medio obesé, utrinque subattenuatd, anfractibus basi subindistineté liratis, superné vel levigatis, vel longitudinaliter obso- leté nodoso-costatis, columellé supernd excavatd, labro intus medio denticulato ; plerumque atro luteoque alter- natim transversim conspicue teniatd, interdum atrd, tend luted unicd angustd cinctd, aperturd cinnamo- meo-purpured. THE PATCH-worK Rictnuta. Shell ovate, stout in the middle, attenuated at each end, whorls rather indis- tinctly ridged at the base, either smooth or longitu- dinally obsoletely nodosely ribbed above, columella excavated at the upper part, lip denticulated within in the middle; generally alternately filleted with black and yellow, sometimes black, encircled by a single narrow yellow fillet, aperture cimnamon-purple. Columbella mendicaria, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Zanzibar (for the dark single-zoned variety); Thorne. The well-known Colwmbella mendicaria of Lamarck, which has been already discarded from that genus by Mr. Sow- erby, in his recent admirable monograph in the ‘'Thesau- rus Conchyliorum ’, belongs to that interesting group of species, distinguished by M. Kiener under the characteristic title of “Les Pourpres semi-ricinules ”, and which I pro- pose to include under the Lamarckian head of Ricinula. Species 9. (Fig. a and 6 Mus. Cuming.) Riervta cuarurata. icin. testd rotundato-ovatd, spira breviusculd ; longitudinaliter crebrivaricosd, vari- cibus costis spiniferis decussatis, spinis squameformibus, prominentibus, marginem versus longioribus, interstitiis striatis, striis minutissime squamatis; columella superné subexcavatd, infra plicato-rugosd ; extus ferrugineo- fusca et albd, intus ceruleo-violaced. Tue Larricep Rrernuza. Shell rotundately ovate, spire rather short; longitudinally closely varicose, varices crossed with spiniferous ribs, spines scale-like, pro- minent, longer towards the margin, interstices striated, striae very minutely scaled; columella a little exca- vated at the upper part, plicately wrinkled beneath : exterior white and rusty brown, interior blueish violet. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 49. Hab. Elizabeth Island (on the reefs at low water); Cuming Testa junior Ricinula miticula, Lamarck. August, 1846. RICINULA.—P tare II. Variety 8. (Fig. 9. a.) Testa parva, spinis brevioribus ; albitla, intus vivide pur- pureo-lacca. Shell small, with the spines rather short; white, interior rich purple-lake. , Hab. Island of Annaa (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. The very beautiful and characteristic variety of this species, represented at fig. 9a, does not appear to have been hitherto noticed. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricrnuta Morus. icin. testd ovatd, crassa, obesd, spird breviusculd, transversim costatd, costis tuberculatis, lird angustd, interstitus utringue minutissime sqguamatis, in- terveniente; carulescente-albd, tuberculis plerumque anthracinis, apertura vivide violaced. Tin MULBERRY RrcrnuLa. Shell ovate, thick, stout, _ spire rather short, transversely ribbed, ribs tubercu- lated, and a narrow ridge running between them with the interstices very minutely scaled; blueish white, tubercles generally coal-black, aperture rich violet. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’.edit.); vol. x. p. 51. Purpura spheridia, Duclos. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. The Ricinula morus is sometimes entirely white, though of much more common occurrence with the tubercles black. The R. aspera-which M. Kiener has confounded with this species, is distinct, as M. Deshayes affirms, but it requires an acute eye to detect the difference. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA TUBERCULATA. icin. testd oblongo-ovatd, spira breviusculd ; transversim seriatim tuberculatd, tnber- culis subquadratis, interstitiis subtiliter inciso-striatis ; ceruleo-alba, tuberculis anthracinis, interdum omnino anthracini, aperturd violaceo-nigricante, denticulis albis. THe TuBERCLED RicrnuLa. Shell oblong-ovate, spire rather short; encircled with rows of tubercles, tuber- cles somewhat square, interstices finely deeply stri- ated; blueish-white, tubercles coal-black, sometimes altogether coal-black, aperture violet-black, teeth white. Dr Buarnvitte, Nouy. Ann. du Mus. pl. 9. f. 3. Eadem. Purpura marginalba, De Blainville. Purpura granulata, Duclos. Hab. Lord Hood and Elizabeth Islands (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. The leading feature of distinction between this and the preceding species, is, that in the former the interstices be- tween the tubercles are simply engraved with striz, whilst in the latter, they are characterized by a distinct ridge, the hollow on either side of which is crossed at frequent intervals by minute scales; the tubercles are also uniformly larger and more obtuse. Species 12, (Mus. Cuming.) RrcrnuLa curysostoma. Ricin. testd oblongd, spird nune abbreviata ; transversim undique inciso-striatd, striis _ subdistantibus, longitudinaliter varicosd, varicibus squa-. mis vel obtusis vel spiniferis et erectis ornatis ; ferru- gineo-fuscd, striis saturatioribus, zonis albis interruptis interdum cinctd, apertura violaced interdum aurantid. THE GOLDEN-MouTH RicrnuLa. Shell oblong, spire some- times acuminated, sometimes abbreviated; transversely deeply striated throughout, striz rather distant, lon- gitudinally varicose, varices ornamented with scales which are either obtuse or spiniferous ; rusty brown, striee darker, sometimes encircled with interrupted white zones, aperture violet, sometimes orange. Drsuayes, Magasin de Zool., 1844. Moll. pl. 86. Hab. Islands of Bohol and Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. An extremely variable species in form, sculpture, and colour; the shell is sometimes elongated, sometimes short, and the squamate varices above described in the typical specimens become modified into mere noduled ridges. The colour of the aperture varies from purple-violet to bright golden-yellow, as in the specimen described and figured by M. Deshayes. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA ASPERA. Ricin. testd obtuse ovata, spira brevi ; transversim et longitudinaliter forticostata, lira unica obesd, vel duabus angustis utringue minutissime squa- matis, inter costas cingulatd ; albidd, costarum longi- tudinalium latere sinistro fusco-nigricante, apertura vivide violaced. Tue roucH Ricinus. Shell obtusely ovate, spire short ; transversely and longitudinally strongly ribbed, en- circled between the ribs with a single stout ridge or two narrow ones; whitish, left side of the longitudi- nal ribs brownish-black, aperture bright purple. Lamarcr, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 51- Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. The sculpture of this shell is very similar to that of the R. morus, and M. Kiener has published it as a variety of that species; I am, however, inclined to think with M. Deshayes that it is distinct, there is a peculiarity in the form, painting, and general aspect, by which it may always be recognised. Sowerby, del et lith Riciwiila Ll. Ml. 2 x oe? Reeve, imp I RECT NaN: Prats III. Species. 14. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA SIDEREA. Ricin. testd fusiformi-ovatd, basi sub- contractd, transversim striata, longitudinaliter subob- solete nodoso-costatd ; alba, maculis parvis rubido-fuscis quadratis hic illic irregulariter pictd. Tue starry RicinuLa. Shell fusiformly ovate, gibbous in the middle, a little contracted at the base, trans- versely striated, longitudinally rather obsoletely no- dosely ribbed; white, irregularly painted here and there with reddish-brown square spots. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Burias and Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs and under stones at low water); Cuming. A pure white shell miscellaneously sprinkled with con- spicuous small square reddish-brown spots. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) RicinuLa BELLA. icin. testd subcylindraceo-fusiformi, utrinque attenuatd, basi contractd et paululum recurvd, longitudinaliter concentricé costatd, costis subobtusis, confertis, transversim liratd, liris angustis, interstitiis striatis ; pallide rosea, fasciis duabus castaneis, liris costas super roseis, cingulata. Tue prerry RrcinuLa. Shell cylindrically fusiform, at- tenuated at both ends, contracted and a little recurved at the base, longitudinally concentrically ribbed, ribs rather obtuse, close-set, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, interstices striated; pale rose, encircled by two chesnut bands, on which the ridges are rose on crossing the ribs. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. An extremely pretty species of a pale rose colour, en- circled with two rather broad bright chesnut bands, each band having two ridges passing through them, exhibiting a particularly neat appearance, from their being light on crossing the ribs. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricrnuta FuNicuLaTa. icin. testd oblongo-ovatd, ob- liqué costatd, costis latis, solidis, subobscuris, transver- sim alternatim liratad et lineata, liris obtusé nodosis ; ceruleo-albicante, liris lineisque aterrimis, apertura vivide violaced. THE corpep Rricinuta. Shell oblong-ovate, obliquely ribbed, ribs broad, solid, rather obscure, transversely alternately ridged and lineated, ridges obtusely no- dose; blueish white, ridges and lines jet black, aper- ture deep violet. Rengve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. 2 A blueish white shell encircled with conspicuous black ridges, the lower of which have a fine cord running be- tween them; and with a rich violet mouth. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA HEPTAGONALIS. icin. testa fusiformi-ovatd, basi paululum recurva, anfractibus transversim liratis et squamistriatis, superné angulatis, longitudinaliter obtuse costatis, liris costas super compresso-nodosis ; fusco-albicante, nigricante-fusco tinctd et fasciatd, aper- turd alba. Tuer sEVEN-stDED Ricrnuta. Shell fusiformly ovate, a little recurved at the base, whorls encircled with ridges and squamate strie, angulated round the upper part, longitudinally obtusely ribbed, ridges compressly noduled over the ribs; brownish-white, stained and banded with blackish-brown, aperture white. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Panama (under stones at low water); Cuming. An extremely interesting species, though scarcely coming within the generic range of Ricinula; it may, however, be readily distinguished as such by the characteristic row of nodulous denticles within the lip. Species 18. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA CONCATENATA. icin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, transversim seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis confertis subquadratis et mucro- natis, interstitiis striatis, striis minutissimé squamatis ; lutescente-albd, tuberculis ferrugineo-nigricantibus, aper- turd purpureo-violaced, vel aurantio-rufa. THE ENCHAINED RicrinuLa. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, August, 1846. RICINULA.—Ptate III. transversely ornamented with rows of tubercles, which are close-set somewhat square and pointed, interstices striated, strie very minutely scaled ; yellowish-white, tubercles rusty-black, aperture purple-violet or orange- red. Murex concatenatus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p- 599. Purpure fragum,and concatenata, De Blainville. Hab. Swan Point, North Australia (under stones at low water). The species above cited from De Blainville’s monograph, are evidently varieties of the same; I have specimens of each before me from the collection of Mr. Cuming, and can observe no other difference than a change of colour in the aperture. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA SPECTRUM. icin. testdé oblongo-ovatd, spird acuminata, longitudinaliter oblique costatd, costis sub- obtusis, tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, interstitiis striatis ; intus extusque albd. THE sPECTRE RicrnuLa. Shell oblong-ovate, spire acu- minated, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, ribs rather obtuse, tuberclated, tubercules compressed, interstices striated; pure white within and without. RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. A stout solid tuberculated shell, which appears to be naturally colourless, the shell here represented being in the finest possible condition. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA PULCHRA. Ricin. testd cylindraceo-ovald, medio obesd, utringue attenuatd, basi recurvd, anfractibus rotundatis, concentricé crebricostatis, transversim lira- tis, liris confertis, costas super compresso-nodulatis ; luteo-aurantid, lirarum interstitiis fusco-lineatis, aper- turd, apice basique pulcherrimé roseis. THE BEAUTIFUL RicrnuLa. Shell cylindrically ovate, stout in the middle, attenuated at both ends, recurved at the base; whorls rounded, concentrically closely ribbed, transversely ridged, ridges close-set, com- pressly noduled across the ribs; yellowish orange, interstices between the ridges lineated with brown ; aperture, base, and apex, prettily stained with pink. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. Both the sculpture and colouring of this species are de- veloped with peculiar neatness; the former consists of a regular concentric succession of compressed nodules, rang- ing somewhat obliquely, the latter of an uniform yellow or light orange brown, encircled in the interspaces of the ridges by a fine cord of a darker brown, whilst the base, apex, and aperture, are either white, or delicately pink. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) RicINULA CHAIDEA. Ricin. testd ovata, crassé, ponderosa, spird subacuminatd, anfractibus tumidiusculis, oblique concentricé costatis, costis rudis, obtuse tuberculatis, transversim sulcatis ; albidd aut lutescente, apertura alba. THE CONSUMED Ricinuua. Shell ovate, thick, ponderous, spire a little acuminated, whorls rather swollen, ob- liquely concentrically ribbed, ribs rude, obtusely tu- berculated, transversely grooved; whitish or yellowish, aperture white. Purpura chaidea, Duclos, Annales, Sci. Nat. 1832. Purpura Nassoides, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. A short stout ponderous shell, having very much the aspect of a Nassa. hicinila Reevt RICINULA. Puate IV. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricrxvuta carponarta. icin. testd ovatd, utringue attenuata, transversim striata, longitudinaliter fortiter costatd, costis distantibus, liris transversis decussatis ; nigerrimo varid, aperture fauce carulescente-albd. THE COAL-BLACK RicinuLa. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, transversely striated, longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs distant, crossed with transverse ridges ; variegated with jet black, interior of the aperture blueish-white. 9 Hab. Mainly distinguished by its gibbous growth, and the stout swollen character of the ribs. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) RicwwuLa atveotata. Ricin. testé subfusiformi, longi- tudinaliter conspicue costatd, costis sulcis transversis decussatis; lutescente-albd, costis rufo-fusco pulcherrime tessellatis. THE CHECKERED Rictnuta. Shell somewhat fusiform, longitudinally conspicuously ribbed, ribs crossed with transverse grooves ; yellowish white, ribs beautifully tessellated with red-brown. Purpura alveolata, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 42. pl. 9. f. 23. Hab. Panama; Cuming. The ribs of this pretty species have a kind of beaded appearance. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinvuta Lavuta. Ricin. testa subfusiformi, medio gib- bosiusculd, solidd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis suleis transversis decussatis ; cerulescente-albd, costis nigro minioque alternatim vivide pictis ; columella labroque intus purpureo-rufis. THe cay Rrcinuta. Shell somewhat fusiform, rather gibbous in the middle, solid, longitudinally ribbed, ribs crossed with transverse grooves; blueish white» alternately brightly painted with black and vermilion, lip and columella purple-red. ? Hab. The colouring of the ribs exhibits a striking contrast. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming). Ricrnvuta ELoneata. Ricin. testa fusiformi, spird acunt- natd, anfractibus medio angulatis, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, liris transversis decus- satis, interstitiis peculiariter cavernosis ; extus intusque aurantio-lacteis. Tue ELONGATED RrornvLa. Shell fusiform, spire acumi- nated, whorls angulated in the middle, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle, crossed with trans- verse ridges, the interstices being peculiarly caver- nous; orange cream-colour within and without. Purpura elongata, De Blainville. Hab. Island of Burias Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Characterized by the cavernous excavations between the ridges. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA DEALBATA. Ricin. testa ovata, solidiuscula, transversim striatd et seriatim tenuinodosd, stris incisis , subobscure punctatis ; extus intusque albd. THe BLEACHED RrctnuLa. Shell ovate, rather solid, trausversely striated and finely noduled, strie en- grayed, somewhat obscurely punctured ; white within and without. Hab. ? Encireled with fine nodules and engraved strie in a manner somewhat peculiar Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinus ELATA. Ricin. testd ovatd, crassa, solidd, lon- gitudinaliter plicato-costatd, costis subobscuris, tuber- culis echinatis seriatim armatis, extus intusque albd. Te ELEVATED RicrnuLA. Shell ovate, thick, solid’ longiitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs somewhat ob- scure, armed with rows of prickly tubercles ; white within and without. Purpura elata, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du mus. pl. 11.f.1. Hab. New Holland. Some of the prickly tubercles which characterize this species, have a faint indication of brown painting upon them. Eee October, 1486. RICINULA.—Prars IV. ' Species 28. (Mus. Cuming). RicrinvLa FIscELLuM. icin. testd ovatd, spiraé acutd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, ad angulum compres- so-nodosis, liris angustis minute squamatis undigue cre- berrime cingulatis ; albidd, liris purpureo-atris, colu- melld et aperture fauce purpureo-violaceis. THE LITTLE BasKET Ricrnuta. Shell ovate, spire sharp, whorls somewhat angulated round the upper part, compressly noduled at the angle, very closely encirled throughout with fine minutely scaled ridges ; whitish, ridges purple-black, columella and interior of the aperture purple violet. Murex fiscellum. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 160. f.1524—5. Murex margariticola, Broderip. Hab. Australia and the Pacific Islands. Tt will be seen on reference to genus Murer of this work, that a most unhappy state of confusion has attended this species on the part of Mr. Broderip, Mr. Sowerby, and myself. Named Murex margariticola by Mr. Broderip from the circumstance of Mr. Cuming having found it adhering to the Pearl Oyster (Conch. Icon. Murex Sp. 178.), another shell was fixed upon by Mr. Sowerby, and adopted by myself, as representing the M. fiscellum of Chemnitz (Conch. Icon. Murex Sp. 124.). The former is however the true I. fiscellum, and the latter an extremely variable species, again described by me in a different state under the name of M decussatus (Conch. Icon. Murex Sp. 153) ; though introduced by Mr. Sowerby also in different states under the names of MW. violacea and Ricinuloides, which he afterwards cancelled. It is determined beyond doubt that the Murex mar- gariticola of Broderip, of which the specimen here figured is a fine large tubercled variety, is the Murex Jiscellum ; it only remains to enquire of M. Kiener whether the shell mistaken for it, and which has received so many names in different states, is not the Murex Jimbriatus of Lamarck. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricryvuta Forticostata, Ricin testa ovata, medio gibbosd, longitudinaliter conspicue costatd, costis Sortibus, vald prominentibus, sulcis decussatis ; albida, costis fuscis liris decussantibus albidis. THE STRONG-RIBBED RICINULA. Shell ovate, gibbous iz the middle, longitudinally conspicuously ribbed ribs strong, very prominent, crossed with grooves | whitish, ribs brown, the cross ridges white. Hab. ? The prominent character of the ribs, coupled with their conspicuous style of painting, give an appearance to the shell which is very characteristic. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) RrcinvLa astricra. Ricin. testd ovatd, medio obesd, solidd, utringue attenuata, longitudinaliter plicato- costatd ; lutescente-albd, liris transversis angustis fuscis undique peculiariter astricta. THE corpDED Ricinuta. Shell ovate, stout in the middle, solid, attenuated at both ends, longitudinally plicately ribbed ; yellowish-white peculiarly corded throughout with brown narrow transverse ridges. Hab. ? Easily distinguished by the fine dark brown cord-like ridges with which it is encircled throughout. Species 31. (Mus. Metcalfe). RiciNULA ocHROsToMA. icin. concentricé plicato-costatd, costis liris nodosis decus- satis, interstitiis minute squamatis ; albd, aperture testa ovata, crassd, Sauce croceo-aurantia. THE YELLOW MoutTH RicrInuLA. Shell ovate, thick, con- centrically plicately ribbed, ribs crossed with noduled ridges, the interstices between which are minutely scaled ; white, interior of the aperture saffron-orange. De Buarnvite, (fide Kiener). Icon. Coq. viv. p. 44. pl. 10. f. 29. y Hab. A solid sharply tubercled shell, having the areas between the ribs finely scaled. Acuna FV Reeve RECT NULA: Puate V. (Specimens magnified to twice their natural length.) Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinuta contracta. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, utrinque attenuata, basi contract, longitudinaliter ob- lique plicato-costatd, transversim lirata et striata ; luteo- Suscescente, aperture fauce alba. THE conTracTED RicrnuLa. Shell fusiformly ovate, attenuated at both ends, contracted at the base, lon- gitudinally obliquely plicately ribbed, transversely ridged and striated ; yellowish brown, interior of the aperture white. Hab. Panama, and St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones) ; Cuming. Rather more than usually produced and contracted at the base. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) RicinuLa ZONATA. icin. testa abbreviato-ovatd, solidd, ulrinque longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatd ; albd, zonis ceruleo-nigris pulcherrime cingulatd, columella labrique margine interno lacco-purpureis. THe zoned Ricrnuua. Shell shortly ovate, solid, at- tenuated at both ends, longitudinally nodosely plicated throughout ; white, very prettily encircled with blue- black zones, columella and inner edge of the lip lake- purple. Hab. Charles Island, Gallapagos (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Easily distinguished by the marked style of its painting. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA OCELLATA. Ricin. testa ovatd, ventricosd, undique subtilissime cancellatd, anfractibus superné angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis fortibus, distantibus, compresso-tuberculatis ; albidd, lineis nigris, costas super ocellatis, cingulatda. Tue ocELLatep Ricinua. Shell ovate, ventricose, very finely cancellated throughout; whorls angulated round the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs strong, dis- tant, compressly tubercled; whitish, encircled with black lines, which are ocellated on crossing the ribs. 2 Hab. The detail of sculpture and disposition of colour are ex- tremely characteristic in this species. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA ConcINNA. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, basi contractd, spird acuminatd; anfractibus concentricé plicato-costatis, costis tenuissime nodiferis ; alba, fasciis Suscis, nodis albis, conspicue cinctd, labri limbo aurantio- rufo. THE pretty Rrctnuta. Shell somewhat fusiform, ovate, contracted at the base, spire acuminated; whorls concentrically flatly ribbed, ribs very fineiy noduled ; white, conspicuously encircled with brown bands, in which the nodules are white, edge of the lip orange- red. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Alternately encircled with brown and white bands, in the former of which the nodules are white, and have a very striking appearance. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA HISTRIO. tuberculata, transversim subtilissimé striatd et obtuso- Ricin. testd ovaté, medio gibbosd et liratd ; luted, lineis rufescentibus, maculisque nigris cingulatd et variegatd, columellaé labrique margine in- terno lacco-purpureis. THE HARLEQUIN RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, gibbous and tuberculated in the middle, transversely very finely striated and obtusely ridged; yellowish, encircled and variegated with faint red lines and conspicuous black spots, columella and inner edge of the lip lake- purple. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. A stout hump-backed shell, strongly tuberculated, and strikingly variegated in colour. Species 37. (Mus. Adamson.) RIcINULA IOSTOMA. dinaliter concentricé plicato-costatd, costis nodulis ob- tusis decussatis ; albidd, costarum nodulis atris, colu- Ricin. testd ovatd subobesd, longitu- melld et aperture fauce violaceis. THE VIOLET-MOUTH RicINuLA. Shell ovate, rather stout, longitudinally concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs crossed with obtuse nodules ; whitish, nodules of the September, 1846. RICINULA.—Ptare V. ribs jet black, columella and interior of the aperture violet. Hab. Distinguished by its violet mouth and the concentric rows of black nodules. >) Species 38. (Mus Cuming). RICINULA CAVERNOSA. icin. test ovatd, gibbosi, costis fortibus longitudinalibus lirisque compressis transversis conspicue clathratd, areis interstitialibus subexcavatis ; alba, areis medianis rufo-fuscis, colomelld et aperture fauce croceis. Tue cavernous RrermuLa. Shell ovate, gibbous, con- spicuously latticed with strong longitudinal ribs, and transverse ridges, interstitial areas rather excavated ; white, the middle row of areas red-brown, columella and interior of the aperture saffron yellow. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. A remarkable species very accurately represented on an enlarged scale in the accompanying plate. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming). Ricrnuta Muricata. icin. testd ovatd, spird acutd, anfractibus superné concavo-depressis, wfra conspicue muricato-tuberculatis ; intus extusque albd. Tue prickty Ricrnuta. Shell ovate, spire sharp, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, conspicu- ously prickly tubercled beneath; white within and without. Hab. ? Distinguished by its sharp prickly sculpture. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming). Ricinuna crocostoma. Ricin. testd sulpyriformi-ovata, medio gibbosd, anfractibus superne depressis, longitudi- naliter nodoso-costatis, costis subdistantibus, interstitiis levibus ; lutescente, costis nigerrimo-fuscis, columella labrique margine interno rufo-croceis. Tue saFFRON-MouTH RicrnuLa. Shell pyriformly ovate, | gibbous in the middle, whorls depressed round the upper part, longitudinally nodosely ribbed, ribs rather distant, interstices smooth; yellowish, ribs very dark brown, columella and inner edge of the lip reddish saffron. Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. Very characteristic both in form and colouring. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming). RrcmnvuLa TRIFAscIaTA. Ricin. testa ovatd, solidd, spiré acutd; longitudinaliter nodoso-costatd, aperturd angusté; albd, fasciis tribus caruleo-atris crassa, conspicuiis cingulatd ; columella labrique margine interno lacco-purpureis. THE THREE-BANDED RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, thick, solid, spire sharp, longitudinally nodosely ribbed, aperture narrow ; white, encircled with three conspicuous blue- black bands; columella and inner edge of the lip lake-purple. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on stones at low water) ; Cuming. Resembling the &. zonata somewhat in its style of painting, but quite distinct on comparison. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming). RICINULA TURBINELLA. icin. testd ovata, spird acumi- natd, transversim tenuissimée striata, et liratd, an- fractibus superné declivibus, medio nodulosis ; fusco- nigricante, nodulorum serie mediand alba. Tue LITTLE Top RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, spire acumi- nated, transversely very finely striated and ridged, whorls sloping round the upper part, nodulous in the middle; brownish black, middle row of nodules white. Purpura turbinella, Kiener, Teon. Coq. viv. p. 29. pl. 9. f. 25. ? Hab. This appears to me to be identical with M. Kiener’s Purpura turbinella. UE Li ’ Sowerby dei et hth Reeve imp Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) cINULA PARVA. icin. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, liris nodulosis longitudinalibus et transversis decussatd, aper- turd pared ; albidd, nodulorum seriebus alternatim aurantio-rufis et nigris. mm sMALL RicrnuLa. Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, crossed with nodulous longitudinal and trans- yerse ridges, aperture small ; whitish, rows of nodules alternately orange-red and black. ab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low water); Cuming. The smallest of the group hitherto observed. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) TCINULA DEFORMIS. icin. test@ ovatd, basi. attenuata, spird peculiariter abbreviatd, longitudinaliter plicatd, transversim nodoso-liratd, labro incrassato ; liris trans- versis interstitiisque alternatim rufescente-luters et fuscis. ‘WB DEFORMED RicinuLa. Shell ovate, attenuated at the base, spire peculiarly shortened ; longitudinally plicated, transversely nodosely ridged, lip thickened ; transverse ridges and interstices alternately reddish yellow and brown. 9 Hab. Peculiarly characterized by the depressed obesity of the spire. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) RicinuLa Exits. Ricin. testd fusiformi, spird acuminata ; anfractibus rotundatis, concentrice tenuicostatis, liris subtilibus eleganter cancellatis ; lutescente-albd, liris inter costas seriatim fuscescentibus. Tue peicate Rrcrnuta. Shell fusiform, spire acumi- nated, whorls rounded, concentrically finely ribbed, elegantly cancellated with delicate ridges ; yellowish white, ridges brown in zones between the ribs. Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of Manila (among coarse sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cwning. A species of very elaborate sculpture. RICINULA. Pirate VI. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricnvta rosea. icin. testd ovatd, basi productd, spird peculiariter abbreviata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter nodoso-costatis, labro incrassato, apertura parva ; r0- saced, fusco zonatd. Tur rosz Rrcrnuxa. Shell ovate, produced at the base, spire peculiarly shortened; whorls longitudinally nodosely ribbed, hip thickened, aperture small; rose- colour, zoned with brown. Hab. Island of Masbate (in sandy mud at the depth of five fathoms) ; Cuming. Somewhat akin in form to the R. deforms. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) RIcINULA ARMILLATA. Ricin. testa pyramidali-ovatd, spird acute acuminata ; anfractibus carind unicd no- dos superne cingulatis, fra nodoso-costatis, mter- stitiis levibus ; albidd, nodis zonatim nigris et albis, carine nodis lutescentibus. BEADED Ricrnuxa. Shell pyramidally ovate, spire sharply acuminated, whorls encircled round the upper part with a single nodolous keel, nodosely ribbed be- neath, interstices smooth ; whitish, nodules alter- nately black and white in zones, nodules of the keel THE yellowish. Hab. Island of Ticao, water) ; Cuming. A prettily beaded shell with rather a sombre arrange- ment of colours. Philippines (under stones at low Species 48. (Mus. Cuming. Rrova Brcatenata. Ricin. testa subtrigono-fusiformi, longitudinaliter costatd, transversim tenuissime liratd, liris duabus centralibus prominentioribus muricato- squamatis ; fused, liris prominentibus centralibus albis. Tue pouRLE-cHaINED Rrcrnuta. Shell somewhat trian- gularly fusiform, longitudinally ribbed, transversely very finely ridged, the two central ridges more promi- nent, prickly sealed; brown, the two central ridges white. Hab. ? Somewhat of a triangularly fusiform shape. ' October, 1856. RICINULA.—Ptare VI. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinvta ruta. Ricin. testé ovatd, basi subproductd, spire apice subobtusd ; anfractibus rotundatis, concen- tricé nodoso-costatis ; rufo undique zonatd, nodis albis. THE RED Rrcrnuxa. Shell ovate, a little produced at the base, apex of the spire rather obtuse ; whorls rounded, concentrically nodosely ribbed; zoned throughout with red, nodules white. Hab. ? A prettily beaded shell. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) RicrnuLa FERRUGINOSA. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovaté, liris obtuso-nodulosis undique clathratd ; ferrugineo- Susco, zonis duabus albidis inter nodulis cingulald. THE Rusty RrctnuLa. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, latticed throughout with obtusely noduled ridges; rusty-brown, encircled with two zones white between the nodules. ) Hab. Characterized by two narrow white zones, the nodules upon which are of the same dark rusty brown as the rest of the shell. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricrnuta winezata. Ricin. testd ovatd, obesi, solidd, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatd ; albé, lineis plumbeo- nigris cingulata. THE LINEATED RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, stout, solid, longi- tudinally nodosely plicated; white, encircled with lead-black lines. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Easily recognised by its style of painting. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricrnuia acuminata. Ricin. testd ovata, spird acuminata; anfractibus longitudinaliter obsolete plicato-costatis, su- perne unicarinatis, infra tenuiliratis ; luteo-fuscescente. THE ACUMINATED RicinuLA. Shell ovate, spire ac minated; whorls longitudinally obsoletely plicate ribbed, with a single keel round the upper part, fine ridged beneath ; yellowish brown. Hab. i) A cross-beaded shell of an uniform yellowish broy colour. : Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) RICINULA RECURVA. gibbosd, utringae attenuatd, basi recurvd, anfractib concentricé plicato-costatis, costis latiusculis, confert superne unicarinatis, infra tenuiter liratis; luteo-aura tid, fascia albidd medio cingulatd. THE RECURVED RicrnuLa. Shell shortly ovate, gibbo round the middle, attenuated at each end, recury: at the base ; whorls concentrically plicately ribbe ribs rather broad, close-set, a single keel round tl upper part, finely ridged beneath ; yellowish orang encircled round the middle with a white band. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming. Ricin. testé abbreviato-ovatd, mea Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) Ricinvua EcHINATA. Ricin. testd ovatd, utrinque atte uatd, longitudinaliter plicato-costatd transversim pect hiariter liratd, liris angustis tubulosis, costas super pu cherrimé echinato-squamatis, lirarum interstitiis exet vatis ; albidd, punctis crocato-rufis seriatim pictd. THE PRICKLE-ARMED Ricinuta. Shell ovate, attenuate at both ends, longitudinally plicately ribbed, tran: versely peculiarly ridged, ridges narrow, tubulow beautifully prickly scaled upon the ribs, interstice between them excavated ; whitish, painted with row of faint saffron red dots. 9 Hab. Of a character totally distinct from that of any specie that have preceded it; the varieties of sculpture and ar rangement of colour in the semi-Ricinuloid series of thi genus are truly interesting. REC EN U1 As. [Temporary Index. | Plate. Species. Plate. Species. acuminata; eevee. staan. We 52 fuimiculatameAecuer eee eats 1 16 albolabris, Ie Blainville ........ He 5 heptagonalis, eeve............ Il. 17 alveolata, (Purp.) Kiener....... IV. WB} MN Mntshsloy MAE sono nadacoeoaous V. 36 arachnoides, Lamarck .......... 5 horrida, Lamarck ...........-. 7J. 3 anni | lata Ceres acietsie VI. 49 iodostoma, Lesson ............- If 4. aspera, UMMarck . xeoeo. 2~- «i - II. 13 LOStomasACCCCN eee ee V. 37 MASEL ICLASILCEDEI. ten cionciotereesis, 25, od IV. 30 lauibaapleene eit scu ta crepocess setae me aL 24, bell ayeAeere tare ectey tana erie, Il. 15 lEEL IAD? po ngogenponaacon Wil, 51 NGG Jide scagoonasnane we 48 lobata, De Blainville........... I. 2 Cadena, iano eaaoeecasonee | Ave 22 mendicaria (Colwmb.), Lamarck .. II. § cavernosa, Reeve .......... Rony, MNS 38 moh, IPR aescoocasoness IL 10 chaidea, (Purp.) Duclos........ III. 21 Mis OH ICT e oe doco ee Oar Hc We 39 chrysostoma, Deshayes ......... I. 12 MANIC JOM? seeoogesseoue Il 6 clathrata, Lamarck ...... Miive, We ile 9 ocellatawericeve amenieieteic cieit: We 34 concatenata ( ihiipen): sana 55 NE 18 ochrostoma, Reeve ............ IV. 31 CONCINN aS heeve 4. yates ieee avs 35 INCH IO On paies code Sabcos Oe VI. 43, Gomme, 124A Se oceacodasco us V. 32 pisolina, Damarck ............. II. 6 crocostoma; Meeve........-2... V- 40 porphyrostoma, Reeve.......... IL. 7 dealbata; Reeve). 5. cae veces seuss IV. 26 ulchrawicevemerre retake II. 20 Gtitomns, JOA 55s oqnnea be oo s0 VI. 44, MECULV Asp ALCCUC Earn etree a tie VI. 53 digitata, Lamarck ............. I 2 TOSCABCCUON 5 ts) Seed eee VI. 46 echinata, Reeve ...... Poa OA 54 KUtilaeieeve eer. t orn Vi. 49 elata, (Purp.) De Bie ‘lie, nee oe IV. 27 siderea,, Reeve manises secrete Il. 14 elegans, Broderip . EO Pree 1 Reta, JN oe ooeccoceoac: 10 19 elongata, (Purp.) De Blaine ile so UNG 25 trifasciataseever merce e 41 EXUMTA COVES sea acai ax Sleuekay ors noreiete VI. 45 tuberculata, De Blainville ...... 101 ila) ferruginosa, Reeve............. Wile 50 turbinella, (Purp.) Kiener ...... We 42 fiscellum, (Murexr.) Chemnitz .... IV. 28 zonatay REGves wee oe eee 33 forticostatds eevee ssc sss a ak IV. 29 ey iseitta! i eee alata r Vis neh +4 wih pe eee on thd bee hee ; shi, wit | * 7 a ‘ia ud, wal e : z ‘ " oe ee vs os os > ek i Minh atk |» 7 ty Mop AGmy ¢ * ee ; - 2 of . yw Hut ea er, uy Git cet EO (us een Vea . 7 is iB poe ey ast ye rig he ie hi ela pg : A) J cat re ¥ a lan ae he te iio a —_ cnn og is 7 _ tind 7 a Hein, 4 mem niin ; - are e Mivuie iti ull if 7 Ta " 7 ol sf in a eet - - mh - oh ail ah a 7 : ag i Lay allen! bal 1 i uh” ui io i ye ‘mu nan) “ 1 a Le an yal hie “WF pagutaitt : a7 7 han 7 ow Gi WRAY aed Hiding a tet aly oy on lala : : _ 7 ; Lay i bo 1 gen Zz nov ao Bi i aan 5 — : aig iy ah " AAA «ga A iat _ i Da be i i) hr) diana “ » ae Aeron eis ie me pein hl ar! —_ he Aub, ia j ae oY . bo a bd ‘ 1s ew it ae i 4 . = i Aan ¥ : a inva it HS - yeaa rs ila, itil ca paper, Terie fe .! es ae Gir syd ‘Ds ia ; ie ong r aM mn hice a ' ae Dy oT em eon ¥ ih ae i, ey “oe i Dan AW i nt “ah jean 1h ; isi its ne mi, ay ike 4 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS POON OCO Heh Ors. “Then were they known to men by various names.’ —Mz2/ton :) ; . Vonoceros 1 1 Sowerby del et ith Reeve ime MONOCEROS. Puate I. Genus Monoceros, Lamarck. Testa ovata, spird nunc elatd, nunc subdepressd, anfractu ultimo inflato, basi emarginato ; columella ampla, de- pressiusculd, interdum subindistincté plicatd ; labro processu dentiformi, acutissimo, elongato, prope basin armato. Operculum corneum. Shell ovate, spire sometimes elevated, sometimes a little depressed, last whorl inflated, emarginated at the base; columella large, rather depressed, sometimes indistinctly plaited, lip armed near the base with a very sharp elongated dentiform process or tooth. The genus Monoceros of Lamarck, introduced almost simultaneously by De Montford under the title of Uni- sornus, is characterized solely by the conspicuous tooth which becomes developed towards the base of the lip; the genus is not, however universally admitted, the animals of Monoceros and Purpura are the same, and there are many of the Purpure which exhibit indications of a tooth. The species are very limited in number, and no additions have been made to the catalogue during the last few years. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Monocrros unicarinatum. Mon. testd ovato-oblongd, subfusiforimi, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angulum subobsolete carinatis, transversim impresso-striatis, aper- ture fauce denticulatd ; cinereo-albicante, areis inter strias fusco-nigricante articulatis, apertura albicante, rufo interdum exiliter tinctd. THE ONE-KEELED Monoceros. Shell ovately oblong, somewhat fusiform, whorls angulated round the upper part, rather obsoletely keeled at the angle, trans- versely impressly striated, interior of the aperture denticulated; ashy white, spaces between the striae articulated with brownish black, aperture whitish, sometimes faintly tinged with red. Sowersy, Conch. Ilus. Monoceros, fig. 5. Purpura spicata, De Blainville. Purpura engonata, Conrad. Hab. Santa Barbara, California (under stones at low water) ; Nuttall. This is unquestionably a true Monoceros; M. Kiener, who includes the species among his ‘ Pourpres buccinoides,’ under De Blainville’s name of P. spirata, has represented a specimen in an early stage of growth before the tooth is developed. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros punctatum. Mon. testd subglobosd, crassa, levigatd, labro intus denticulato, lutescente-albd, fasciis tribus nigripunctatis cinctd, aperturé rufo pallide tincta. Tue poTrep Monoceros. Shell somewhat globose, thick, smooth, lip denticulated within; yellowish- white, encircled with three black-dotted bands, aper- ture faintly stained with red. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 124. Purpura lapilloides, Conrad. Hab. Isle of Cocos, north-west coast of Mexico (on the rocks); Capt.Colnett. Santa Barbara; Nuttall. This species, although found in the same locality with the preceding, is perfectly distinct, and may be recognized by its more solid globose structure and dotted bands. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros eiaanreum. Mon. testé oblongo-fusiformi, medio ventricosd, basi attenuata, levigatd, transversim obsolete costatd, columella inferne subplanulati, labro simplici, integro, aperturd ampld ; pallidé luteo-fusces- cente, costis saturatioribus, aperture fauce croced. THE GIGANTIC Monoceros. Shell oblong fusiform, ven- tricose in the middle, attenuated at the base, smooth, transversely obsoletely ribbed, columella a little flat- tened towards the lower part, lip simple, entire ; aperture large; pale yellowish brown, ribs darker, interior of the aperture yellow. Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, (1826), Moll. p. 405. p. 11. f. 4. Monoceros Fusoides, King, Zool. Journ. (1830). Hab. Conception, Chili (in rocky places at a depth of from three to five fathoms); King. Very few examples of this fine species have yet been found in good condition; M. Lesson appears to have pre- ceded Capt. King in the discovery of it by three or four years, Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Monocrros BREVIDENTATUM. Mon. testd ovatd, crassa, spird brevi, subacuminata, transversim impresso-striata, obsolete triseriatim nodoso-costatd ; cinereo-nigricante, maculis albis cinetd, apertura alba. September, 1846. MONOCEROS.—P tate I. THE SHORT-TooTHED Monoceros. Shell ovate, thick, Purpura cornigera, De Blainville. spire short, somewhat acuminated, transversely im- Testa junior, Purpura ocellata, Kiener. pressly striated, encircled with three obsolete noduled | Had. Xipixapi and Monte Christi, West Columbia (in ribs; ashy blackish, encircled with white spots, aper- crevices of rocks at low water); Cuming. ture white. The tooth, though perfectly developed, is rather minute Gray, Wood’s Index Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 10. in this species. Monocervs F. Reeve imp MONOCEROS. iBrarE Tl Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) MoNOcEROs TUBERCULATUM. Mon. testd ovatd, basi um- bilicatd, spird brevi, plus minusve exsertd, anfractibus superné depressiusculis, transversim plicato-costatis, costis angustis tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, supe- rioribus valde prominentioribus, costarum interstitiis sulcatis, apertura oblonga, fauce lineata ; lutescente- alba, apertura carned. THE TUBERCULATED Monoceros. Shell ovate, umbili- cated at the base, spire short, more or less exserted, whorls narrow, tuberculated, tubercles compressed, upper ones very prominent, interstices between the ribs grooved, aperture oblong, interior lineated ; yellowish white, aperture flesh-tinted. Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Monoceros, fig. 9. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks) ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by the narrow compressed tuber- cled structure of the ribs. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) MoNOCEROs GRANDE. breviusculd, acuta, anfractibus superne concavis, trans- versim costatis, costis grandibus peculiariter crebri- squamatis, squamis utringue depresso-fornicatis, subinde latioribus, interstitiis profundeé excavatis, liris minute squamatis ornatis, apertura ovata, fauce lineata, labro laqueato, dente subelongato, conspicuo ; purpureo-fuscd, apertura alba, columella rufo tincta. THE GREAT Monoceros. Shell ovate, thick, spire rather short, sharp, whorls concave round the upper part, transversely ribbed, ribs large, peculiarly closely scaled, scales depressly vaulted on either side, now and then wider, interstices deeply excavated, orna- mented with minutely scaled ridges; aperture ovate, interior lineated, lip fluted, tooth rather elongated, conspicuous ; purple brown, aperture white, columella tinged with red. Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 124. Purpura Grayi, Kiener. Mon. testé ovatd, crassa, spird Hab. James Island, Gallapagos, (in the clefts of rocks at low water); Cuming. M. Kiener appears to be unacquainted with the beauty and grandeur of this magnificent species, having questioned the propriety of Mr. Gray’s generic arrangement of it merely from the circumstance of his having no other than a young specimen, in which the tooth was scarcely deve- loped. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Monocrros MURICATUM. hiariter depresso-truncatd, anfractibus superné planatis, transversim costatis, costis, quarum superioribus valdé Mon. testé ovatd, spird pecu- majoribus, tuberculatis et creberrimée squamatis, cos- tarwm interstitiis sulcatis et squamatis ; columella pla- niusculd ; apertura semi-ovald, fauce lineatd ; carneo- fusca, columella labroque rufescentibus. THE PRICKLY Monoceros. Shell ovate, spire peculiarly depressly truncated, whorls flattened round the upper part, transversely ribbed, ribs, the upper of which are much the largest, tuberculated and closely scaled, interstices between the ribs grooved and scaled ; colu- mella rather flattened; aperture semi-ovate, interior lineated ; fleshy brown, lip and columella reddish. Purpura muricata, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p- 125. Purpura truncata, Duclos, Magazin de Zool., 1833, pl. 22. f. 2. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks) ; Cuming. The MW. muricatum is chiefly distinguished from the M. tuberculatum by its more depressed form, and by the peculiarly broad squamate structure of the ribs; there is a close affinity between them, but the series of each species in various stages of growth, in Mr. Cuming’s collection, sufficiently demonstrate the difference in their specific character. M. Duclos’ figure, ike M. Kiener’s of the preceding species, is evidently drawn from an immature toothless specimen. September, 1846. = > - 4 ' " ¥ ae ~ : , . o @ tb & io c os = - Pa ale be cis % 1! = ’ : a i a : = is a te ALlonoca MONOCEROS. Puate III. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros PLUMBEUM. Mon. testé globoso-ovatd, crass, ponderosa, spira brevissimd, acutd ; anfractibus superne tumidis ; columellé arcuatd, basi mucronata, superne callosa, labro tenui, simplici, dente parvo basem versus munito ; aurantio-luted, epidermide crassd olivaceo- Suscd induta. THE LEADEN Monoceros. Shell elobosely ovate, thick, ponderous, spire very short, sharp; whorls swollen round the upper part; columella arched, pointed at the base, callous at the top, lip thin, simple, furnished towards the base with a small tooth; orange-yellow, covered with a thick olive-brown epidermis. Buccinum plumbeum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p- 86. pl. 188. f. 1806, 1807. Buccinum plumbeum, (Sect. Les Monodontes), Deshayes. Eburna plumbea, Sowerby. 9 Hab. This appears to be the most natural situation for this vevata species ; its generic character is far removed from the type of Buccinum. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros LuGuBRE. Mon. testd ovatd, subventricosd, anfractibus costis tribus vel quaternis rudis cingulatis, costis hie illic tumidis, inciso-striatis, interstitiis lacu- nosis, aperture fauce denticulatd, dente marginali longissimo incurvo ; fuscd, maculis flammulisve nigris variegatd, columella et aperture fauce purpureo-fuscis. THE MOURNING Monoceros. Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose, whorls encircled with three or four rude ribs, ribs swollen here and there, engraved with stri, interstices guttered, interior of the aperture denticu- lated, marginal tooth very long, curved inwards ; brown, variegated with black blotches or flames, colu- mella and interior of the aperture purple-brown. SoweErsy, Genera of Shells, Monoceros. f. 3. Buccinum cymatum, Solander MSS. Monoceros cymatum, Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue. Monoceros armatum, Gray, Wood Ind. Test. Supp. Hah. California (on rocks) ; Belcher. This species originally received the name of Buccinum eymatum from Dr. Solander, and the manuscript in which it occurs is accessible to all who desire to consult it among the records in the library of the British Museum ; it cannot however, in justice to foreign authors, be re- garded of any authority, and the word cymatum has never been published except in an equally inauthentic inventory of species in the Tankerville Catalogue. If Mr. Sowerby, to whom this confusion of names is incidentally due, had issued a description or figure of the species, under its original title, in his valuable appendix to that Catalogue, it would have been duly established ; but, as this is not the case, the species becomes entitled to the new name of lugubre, somewhat indisereetly introduced by the same author in his ‘ Genera of Shells.’ Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros tmpricatum. Mon. testd ovatd, ventricosd, iris subangustis undique cingulatd, liris interstitiisque densissime imbricato-squamosis, aperturd, dilatatd, den- te longissimo, erecto; rufescente-fuscé columella cet aperture fauce albis. THE IMBRICATED Monoceros. Shell ovate, ventricose, encircled throughout with rather narrow ridges, which, together with the interstices are very thickly imbricately scaled ; aperture dilated, tooth very long, straight ; reddish-brown, columella and interior of the aperture white. Variety 8. (Fig. 10. 4.) Testa levigata. Shell smooth. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p. 119. Buccinum monoceros, Chemnitz. Buecinum monodon, Gmelin. Rudolpha monodon, Schumacher. Variety 8, Monoceros striatum? Lamarck. Hab. Cape Horn. It would scarcely be supposed that there are states of this species in which the imbricating scales almost wholly disappear ; in the specimen represented at Fig. 10 4, there is only just sufficient indication of the squamate sculpture at the lip to identify it. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros cincuLatum. Aon. testd ovatd, spirad sub- prominuld, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, liris September, 1846. MONOCEROS.—Ptats Ill. planis, subobsoletis, undique cingulatis, interstitis striatis, lird minutd labrum versus medio decurrente, columella uniplicatd, apertura breviusculd, dente acuto, incurvo ; intus extusque alba, liris nigerrimo-fuscrs, epidermide luteo-fused indutd. Tur GrrRDLED Monoceros. Shell ovate, spire rather prominent, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, girdled throughout with rather obsolete flattened ridges, interstices striated, with a minute ridge running through the middle towards the lip ; columella one-plaited ; aperture rather short; tooth sharp, incurved ; white within and without, ridges very dark brown, covered with a yellowish-brown epidermis. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p.118. Turbinella cingulata, Kiener. Buccinum pseudodon, Burrows. Hab. Panama (in clefts of rocks at low water); Cuming. Quite inseparable from the present group, although distinguished, like Tubinellus, by a winding plait upon the columella. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros caucar. Mon. testé suborbiculari-ovata, concavo-depressd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus ventri- cosis, liris interstitiisque densissimé imbricato-squa- matis, apertura ampliter dilatatd, dente longissimo, erecto ; rufescente-fuscd, columella et aperture fauce albis. Tur spur Monoceros. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, concavely depressed, spire rather narrow, ridges and interstices between them very thickly imbricately scaled, aperture largely dilated, tooth very long and erect; reddish brown, columella and interior of the aperture white. Drsuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 122. Buccinum calcar, Martyn, Universal Conchology. vol. 2. pl. 50. Monoceros breve, Sowerby. Hab. Cape Horn. This only differs from the Af. imbricatum in respect 0 form; the sculpture is the same. Monoce Reeve imp MONOCEROS. Puate IV. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) TonocEROS acumMINATUM. Mon. testi oblongo-ovatd, spird peculiariter acuminatd ; spiraliter liratd, liris pares, subdistantibus, liris interstitiisque tenuissime squamatis, squamis interdum in laminis continuiter decurrentibus ; albidd, ferrugineo-fusco varid, apertura alba, labri margine intus purpureo-fusca. HE ACUMINATED MoNOCEROS. Shell oblong-ovate, spire particularly acuminated, spirally ridged, ridges small, rather distant, ridges together with the inter- stices very finely scaled, the scales sometimes running down continuously in lamine ; white, variegated with rusty brown, aperture white, edge of the lip tinged within with purple-hrown. SowERBY, Conch. [lustrations, Monoceros, Fig. 10. Hab. Valdivia, Chili (on rocks at low water); Cuming. Approximating very closely in general character to the M. crassilabrum, but so widely removed from it in form, that it is impossible to be reconciled to the propriety of maintaining the A. calcar and imbricatum, as distinct species without adopting the distinction in the present case. ——————— Species 14. (Fig. a, b,c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Monoceros crasstLaprum. Mon. testa ovata, crassis- sima, ponderosa, aut levigatd aut aperturd parva, labro valde plano-incrassato, margine interno, obsolete denticulato, dente acuto, erecto ; citrino vel rubente-fusco, columellé labroque lacteis. es squamilirata ; Tue tTHICK-LIP Monoceros. Shell ovate, very thick, ponderous, either smooth or scaly ridged ; aperture small, lip very flatly thickened, inner edge obsoletely denticulated, tooth sharp, erect ; citron yellow or reddish brown, lip and columella milk-white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 120 Fig. 14 ¢. Monoceros globulus, Sowerby. Fig. 14d. Monoceros citrinum, Sowerby. Hab. Valparaiso, Chili (under stones at low water); Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its broad flattened lip. Jp hy Se De eee Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) MonoOCEROS GLABRATUM. Mon. testé oblongo-ovatd, cras- siusculd, spird subacuminatd ; anfractibus COnvELIS, glabratis, labro oblique planato, dente acuto, erecto ; rubente-fusco varia, labro et aperture fauce albis. Tux smoota Monoceros. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thick, spire somewhat acuminated ; whorls convex, smooth, lip obliquely flattened, tooth sharp, erect ; variegated with reddish brown, lip and interior of the aperture white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. p- 120. Hab. Island of Chiloe (on rocks at low water); Cuming. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. Little more, apparently, than an acuminated growth of the preceding species. September, 1546. > 7 h @ a € =. _ ees Tag MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS De WEe Ti l AS “ Well hast thou taught the way that might direct Our knowledge, and the scale of Nature set From center to cireumference.’—Milton. Bullia P Reeve BULLE LA. PrLate I. Genus BULLIA, Gray. Testa ovato-turrita, spird subulato-acuminatd, spire suturis nune impressis, nunc callosis ; columella plus minusve callosd, labro sepissimé simplici, aperturd basi late emar- ginata; lutescente aut pallide livida. Shell ovately turreted, spire subulately acumimated, sutures of the spire sometimes impressed, sometimes callous ; columella more or less callous, lip mostly simple, aperture widely emarginated at the base; yellowish or pale livid colour. The genus Bullia was founded by Mr. Gray for the purpose of distinguishing a very natural group of species, intermediate between Buccinum and Terebra, and of which the Buccinum levissinum and Terebra vittata of Lamarck, may be regarded as typifying a peculiarity of character fully borne out by a difference in the animal, which, ac- cording to the representations of MM. Quoy and Gaimard, is remarkably characterised by the wide expansion of its ventral disc. Of the multifarious genera enumerated by Mr. Gray in his ‘Synopsis of the Collection of the British Museum’, few are more deserving of attention than the present, introduced in his ‘Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage of the Blossom’; not only are the shells distinguished by a subu- late turreted growth, different from that of any Teredra, and are for the most part of a curious callous formation, but they possess a livid peculiarity of colouring and texture which assumes a certain degree of generic importance. The species at present known are about two- or three- and twenty in number, several of which have been con- founded together, for want of investigation, under similar names. They do not appear to be confined to any parti- cular locality ; in respect to their habits, the author notices that they “‘ are found crawling on the sand in bays; they generally remain at the bottom of the water, and are easily caught alive with a bit of meat tied at the end of a strings as they immediately attach themselves to it.” Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Buiiia tenuis. Bul. testd tenuiculd, acute turritd, basem versus ventricosd, spire suturis subimpressis ; anfrac- tibus levigatis, supra suled unicd minutd, infra sulcis subtilibus plurimis cingulatis, aperturd latiusculd ; sor- dide albd. Tue THIN Buiira. Shell rather thin, sharply turreted, ventricose towards the base, sutures of the spire rather impressed; whorls smooth, encircled with several fine grooves below and a single minute one above, aperture rather wide ; dull white. Gray, MSS., British Museum. Fab. ? A thin delicate species, comparatively smooth, and white. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Buia armata. Bul. testd turritd, spire suturis callosis ; anfractibus superné angulato-declivibus, nodis promi- nentibus submucronatis irregularibus ad angulum arma- tis; columella superné callosd ; albidd, fasciis duabus rufo- vel ceruleo-fuscis latiusculis ornata. THE ARMED Buia. Shell turreted, sutures of the spire callous; whorls angularly slanting round the upper part, armed at the angle with irregular prominent pointed nodules; columella callous at the upper part ; whitish, ornamented with two rather broad reddish or blueish-brown bands. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 26. Buccinum moniliferum, Valenciennes. Hab. ? Easily distinguished from any other species at present known, by the armature of elevated nodules with which the whorls are coronated. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Buia Grapata. Bul. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, spird euserti, suturis callosis ; anfractibus supernée depresso- planis, subgrundaé rotundatdé marginatis undique levir gatis, columella supra callosd ; pallidé luteo-spadiced, rufo-fusco hie illic longitudinaliter flammatda. Tue step Buiira. Shell ovate, rather thick, spire ex- serted, sutures callous; whorls depressly flattened round the upper part, margined with a rounded ledge, smooth throughout; columella callous above; pale yellowish bay, longitudinally flamed here and there with reddish-brown. Desuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 186. Hab. ——? This shell was referred by Mr. Gray in his ‘ Zoology of December, 1846. BULLIA.—Ptatez I. Beechey’s Voyage’, and by M. Kiener in his ‘Iconographie’, to the Buccinum cochlidium of Chemnitz, until M. Deshayes, with his usual acumen, observed a marked dissimilarity between the shell here represented and the figure in the ‘Conchylien Cabinet’. Upon the discovery of this want of resemblance he introduced the species under considera- tion with the name here adopted, and I am happy to bear testimony to the value of his discrimination by publishing in Plate IV. a figure of the true Buccinuim cochlideum of Chemnitz, taken from a worn and rather mutilated speci- men in the British Museum, the only one I have seen. Fig. 4 proves to be merely a contracted belted growth of the B. levigata, Sp.6. For Sp. 4 see Plate IV. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Butta GLosunosa. Bul. testd ovatd, ventricosd, spird brevi; anfractibus superné rotundatis, undique levi- | gatis, columella subcallosd, apertura subampla ; pur- pureo- aut fuscescente-albd, columella luteo-aurantid. THE GLOBULAR Buia. Shell ovate, ventricose, spire short; whorls rounded at the upper part, smooth throughout, columella somewhat callous, aperture rather large; purple- or brownish-white, columella yellowish orange. Buceinum globulosum, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv.p. 2. pl.10. £.3. Hab. ? Distinct from the following, the globose variety of which it approximates in general aspect ; the sutures of the spire are not filled up with any callous deposit of enamel, the shell is of a more rude obtuse growth, and it is distinguished by a different system of colouring. Species 6. (Fig. 4 and 6, Mus. Cuming.) BuLLIA LmvIeatTa. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, basem versus inflata, spird acuta, suturis callosis, anfractibus undique levigatis, sulco parvo subobsoleto superne cingulatis ; apertura subampla ; purpureo-albida, rubiginoso apicem versus tinctd, columella albd, macula purpureo-fuscd ornatd. Tur smootH Buuura. Shell ovately turreted, inflated towards the base, spire sharp, sutures callous, whorls smooth throughout, encircled round the upper part with a small rather obsolete groove; aperture rather large ; purple-white, stained towards the apex with rusty brown, columella white, ornamented with a purple-brown blotch. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 127. Buceinum levigatum, Martin. Buecinum levissimum, Gmelin, Lamarck. Nassa levissima, Deshayes. 2) Hab. @ This species, as shown by the examples represented at Fig. 4 and 6, varies exceedingly in its growth, some speci- mens being very much contracted and belted, whilst in others the spire is sharply acuminated ; a character, too, | which appears to be worth noticing as of constant oceur- rence, is the purple brown blotch on the columella. 5 Bullia Plt FLCEVE IMP BULLIA. Puate II. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Buia GRAYI iter attenuata, et acute aciculatd ; anfractibus levi- gatis, transversim superficialiter sulcatis, costd callosd pland spirali juxta suturam ; livido-fuscescente, costa | spirali livido-albidd, columella albd, aperture fauce rubiginosa. Gray’s Bunrta. Shell ovately turreted, spire pecu- liarly attenuated and sharply aciculated; whorls smooth, transversely superficially grooved, with a flattened callous spiral rib next the suture; livid brown, spiral rib livid-white, columella white, inte- rior of the aperture rust-brown. Hab. iy There is a magnificent specimen of this sharply acicu- lated species in the British Museum, nearly twice the size of the one here figured, and which I regret not having observed until after the accompanying plate was engraved. T consider it distinct from the smaller &. Mauwritiana, and dedicate it to the founder of the genus. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Burra Bevancert. Bul. testd turritd, spire suturis subprofundis, anfractibus levigatis, basi profundée sul- catis, lird pland superne juxta suturam cingulatis ; Bul. testdé ovato-turritd, spird peculiar- apertura parviusculd; pallide lividd, lineis rufis exilibus | undulatis longitudinaliter tincta. BeLANGER’s Butta. Shell turreted, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls smooth, deeply grooved at the base, encircled with a flattened ridge round the upper part next the suture; aperture rather small ; pale livid colour, stained longitudinally with waved faint red lines. Buccinum Belangeri, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 14. f. 48. Buccinum politum, Deshayes (not of Lamarck) in Bélanger’s Voyage. Hab. Ceylon. This species which may be easily recognised by its un- dulating faint red lines, was figured by Martini, Conch. Cab. vol.iy. pl.155. £.1468 ; and is one of many instances of species published in that important work between sixty and seventy years since, which escaped the observation of Lamarck, and have since remained in obscurity. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) BuLura virrata. Bul. testa elongato-turritd, spire suturis subimpressis, anfractibus levigatis aut concentricée sul- catis, superne jueta suturam tenuiplicatis ; albidd, aper- ture fauce croced. THE RIBAND Buuira. Shell elongately turreted, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls smooth or concentri- cally striated, spirally delicately grooved, finely plaited round the upper part next the suture; whitish, in- terior of the aperture yellowish. Buccinum vittatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12thedit.)p.1206. Terebra vittata, Lamarck. Hab. Ceylon. Two species appear to have been confounded under this head by Linnzeus and subsequent authors; that which I retain to represent it, answers best with the Linnean diagnose, and is the one figured in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’, and by Kiener; the other species which follows under the name B. livida, is that figured by Martini and De Blainville. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Buia tivipa. Bul. testa elongato-turritd, spire suturis impressis, anfractibus levibus politis, spiraliter obsolete impresso-striatis, superne juata suturam fortiter crenu- lato-plicatis, labro incrassato, varicoso, aperturd brevi ; livido-cerulescente, columellé alba, aperture fauce rubiginosa. Tue Livip Burita. Shell elongately turreted, sutures of the spire impressed, whorls smooth, polished, spirally obsoletely impressly striated, strongly crenu- lately plicated round the upper part next the suture, lip thickened, varicose, aperture short; livid-blue, columella white, interior of the aperture rust-brown. Hab. Zanzibar. This species may be readily distguished from the for- mer with which it has been hitherto confounded; the plicated crenulations round the summit of each whorl are much more strongly developed, whilst there are no con- centric striae, the lip has a thickened varix, sometimes two or three upon it, the uniform livid colouring of the shell is characteristic, and it is from a very different locality. December, 1846. BULLIA.—Ptare If. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Buitra Tanerrensts. Bul. testd turritd, anfractibus rotundatis, transversim planiliratis, liris confertissimis, duabus tribusve juata suturam quam ceteris distan- tioribus, granosis, late «liter excavatis ; Jlavido-cinered, aurantio-fusco hic illic punctatd, aperture fauce rubi- ginosa. Tue Tanerre Burtra. Shell turreted, whorls rounded, transversely flatly ridged, ridges very close-set, two | or three next the suture more distant than the rest, | granose, excavated at the sides; yellowish ash colour, dotted here and there with orange brown, interior of the aperture rust-brown. Gray, MSS. British Museun. Hab. Taheite. The only species at present known in which the shell is disposed in spiral ridges. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Burtra Mauritiana. Bul. testé subulato-ovatd, spire suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus levigatis, politis, sub- obsolete spiraliter impresso-striatis, lird pland callosd Juata suturam ; pallidé livida. Tue Mavrrrius Buia. Shell subulately ovate, sutures of the spire somewhat impressed; whorls smooth, polished, rather obsoletely spirally impressly striated, | THE ANNULATE BULLIA. with a flattened callous ridge next the suture; pale livid colour. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage p. 126. Hab. Madagascar. Closely approximating to the B. Grayi, but is less ven- tricose towards the base, whilst the spire is less aciculated at the apex; it is also uniformly smaller, although the spe- cimens represented in the accompanying plate do not ex- hibit that comparative difference of proportion. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) | Burira annunata. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, spire suturis callosis, anfractibus supra plano-depressis, anguli mar- gine rotundato, annulato, infra creberrime impresso- striatis ; pallidé luteo-spadiced, columella alba. Shell ovately turreted, sutures of the spire callous, whorls flatly depressed round the upper part, edge of the angle rounded, annulate, very closely impressly striated beneath; light yellowish bay, columella white. Buccinum annulatum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des- hayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 156. Nassa annulata, Deshayes. Hab. ? This and the B. gradata aud cochlidium, are the only species at present known in which the whorls are depressly flattened with a ledge round the summit. Ll: Tia Bulloa Wa ump owerby del BU Wil A Prate III. Fig. 14 proves to be a variety of the Bullia Mauritiana Sp. 12. For Sp. 14 see Plate IV. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Buiira TruNcATA. Bul. testd subulatd, basi peculiariter truncata, anfractibus minutissimée spiraliter striatis, striis numerosis, creberrimis ; columellé subobsoleté cor- rugatd et verrucosa, callosi superne munitd, apertura brevi, pared, fauce suleatd, labro incrassato, margina- to ; lutescente-albia. Tue truncated Buxiia. Shell subulate, peculiarly truncated at the base, whorls very minutely spirally striated, striae numerous, very close set; columella rather obsoletely wrinkled and warty, furnished with a callosity at the upper part, aperture short, small, interior grooved, lip thickened marginated ; yellowish white. P Hab. Of very peculiar structure at the aperture. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Butta turrita. Bul. testd angustd, subulatd, anfracti- bus levibus, e suturis subtilissime et irregulariter plica- tis; columelld sulcata, subcontortd, apertura pared, labro tenui ; lutescente-albd, fusco basi exiliter tincta. THE TURRETED Buia. Shell narrow, subulate, whorls smooth very finely and irregularly plaited from the sutures; columella grooved, somewhat twisted, aper- | ture small, lip thin; yellowish-white, faintly stained round the base with brown spots, Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 126. Hab. ? _ The form of this shell at the base approaches that of Terebra, but it is of lighter growth and readily distinguised as belonging to the present group. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Buira semirLamMeEa. Bul. testé ovato-turritd, levigatda, aut striis minutissime decussatd, basi sulcatd : columellad callosd, basi mucronata ; lutescente-albd, maculis rubi- dis quadratis longitudinaliter flammatis medio cingu- lata. THE HALF-FLAMED Buu. Shell ovately turreted, smooth, or very minutely decussated with striz, grooved round the base; columella callous, pointed at the base ; yellowish white, encircled round the middle with a row of ruddy square spots which are flamed down- wards. > Hab. This species is strongly characterized by its spiral chain of longitudinally flamed ruddy spots. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6 and c. Mus. Cuming.) Buia semipricata. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, spira acute aciculatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter fortiter plicatis, costa callosd spirali subconspicud juxta sutu- ram, anfractu ultimo levigato, plicis evanidis ; colu- mellé callosé; albidé aut lutescente, fasciis duabus, rufo- aut violaceo-fuscis interdum cingulata. THE HALF-PLAITED Buttra. Shell ovately turreted, spire sharply aciculated, whorls longitudinally strongly plaited, with a rather conspicuous spiral callous rib next the suture, last whorl smooth, the plaits fading away ; columella callous ; whitish or yellowish, some- times encircled with two reddish or violet-brown bands. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage. p. 127. Hab. ? Distinguished by the strongly plaited growth of the first few whorls, and prominent spiral callous rib next the suture; the spire is also peculiarly aciculated. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Buni1a pourra. Bul. testé ovato-oblongd, subventricosa, spird breviusculd, acutd ; anfractibus levigatis, vitreis, nitidis, ad apicem ewiliter plicatis ; columella brevi, excavatd, basi contortd, aperture fauce peculiariter corrugatd, labro tenui, acuto ; livido-olivaced, fascia nigricante-fuscd obscura prope suturam cingulata. THE PoLIsHED Bututa. Shell ovately oblong, rather short, sharp; whorls smooth, vitreous, shining, faintly plaited at the apex; columella short, excavated, twisted at the base, interior of the aperture peculiarly wrinkled, lip thin, sharp ; livid olive colour, encircled with an obscure blackish-brown band near the suture. Buceinum politum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p.126. December, 1846. BULLIA.—Ptrate III. Nassa polita,, Deshayes. Hab. ? One of the least acuminated of the genus, and presenting | characters intermediate with those of Nassa. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Buuura virrea. Bul. testd ovato-oblongd, spird acutd, anfractibus levigatis, nitidis, aut minutissime concen- trice striatis, ad apicem leviter plicatis ; columella ex- cavata, subcontortd, aperture fauce levi, labro tenui, acuto ; livido-fuscd, apicem versus rubiginosd, longitu- dinaliter subtilissimé rufo-lineata. THE viTREoUs Buutra. Shell ovately oblong, spire sharp, | whorls smooth, shining, or very minutely concentri- cally striated, slightly plaited at the apex; columella excavated, somewhat twisted, interior of the aperture smooth, lip thin, sharp; livid-brown or yellowish, rust-colour towards the apex, marked with very fine | longitudinal red lines, | o Hab. 2) Very similar to the preceding, but certainly distinct. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Butta pEForMIs. Bul. testd subquadrato-ovatd, crassa, ponderosa, spird brevissimd ; anfractibus superné valde caliosis, levibus, medio concavis; columella callosd, apertura pared, labro acuto; lutescente, fascia viola- ceo-fuscd obscura medio cingulata. THE DEFORMED Buxiia. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, thick, ponderous, spire very short; whorls very cal- lous round the upper part, smooth, hollow round the middle; columella callous, aperture rather small, lip sharp; yellowish, encircled round the middle with an obscure violet brown band. Buccinum deforme, King, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 349. Hab. Rio de la Plata; King. Remarkable on account of its short ponderous callous growth. Bulli P/M BeUai ial Ac Prate IV. Species 4. (Mus. Gray.) BuLw1a pierratis. Bul, testd acuminato-turritd, basem versus gradatim effusd, truncata, spire suturis subcallo- sis, lined spirali incisis ; anfractibus levibus, ultimo sulco spirali prope basem ; ferrugined, columella albidé, aperture fauce purpureo-fuscescente. Tue FINGER-sHAPED Buiira. Shell acuminately tur- reted, gradually effused towards the base, truncated, sutures of the spire rather callous and engraved with a spiral line; whorls smooth, last whorl with a spiral groove towards the base; rust colour, colu- mella whitish, interior of the aperture purple-brown. Buccinum digitale, Meuschen, Mus. Gevers. p. 296. Buccinum achatinum, Lamarck. Nassa achatina, Deshayes. Bullia achatina, Gray. 2 Hab. We are indebted to the accuracy of Mr. Dillwyn for showing this to be the Buccinum digitale of Meuschen, though it is probable one or two of its congeners were confounded with it under the same title. The specific name attachedto it by Lamarck is doubly inapplicable, on account of the term Buccinum achatinum having been already given by Muller and others to the type of his genus Achatina (A. perdiv). Species 14. (Brit. Mus.) Burra sutcata. Bul. testd acuminato-turritd, basi sub- effusd, anfractibus concentricé creberrime undulato-sul- catis ; ceruleo-plumbed. THE GRooveED Butta. Shell acuminately turreted, some- what effused at the base, whorls concentrically very closely undulately grooved; blueish lead colour. Hab. ? A peculiarly dark blueish lead-coloured shell of rather solid structure, very closely concentrically grooved through- out. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Butira semiusta. Bul. testd acuminato-turritd, basi truncata, levigatd, politd ; anfractibus supra albidis, infra ustulato-fuscis, columella eburned, THE HALF-scoRCHED Buntta. Shell acuminately tur- reted, truncated at the base, smooth, polished ; whorls white above, bumt brown below, columella ivory- white. Hab. ? Distinguished in form, as well as by its peculiar contras of colouring. Species 23. (Mus. Brit.) Buia cocuiipium. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, tenuiculd, anfractibus superné rotundatis et subcanaliculatis, levi- bus, columellé arcuatd ; pallide fulvd. THE WINpDING-starR Buia. Shell ovately turreted, rather thin, whorls rounded and somewhat channelled round the upper part, smooth; columella arched, pale fulvous yellow. Buccinum cochlidium, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. v. 11. p. 275. pl. 209. f. 2053, 4. ? Hab. It may be observed that a considerable portion of the shell here represented is broken away, but I value it as enabling me to confirm the view taken by M. Deshayes, that the Buccinum cochlidium of Chemnitz, with whose figure this specimen accords, is specifically distinct from the Bullia gradata with which it has been hitherto con- founded. Species 24. (Mus. Gray.) Burra caLuosa. Bul. testa acuminatd, basem versus gibbosd et effusd, spire suturis subprofundis, anfractibus levibus, columelld arcuatd, truncata, callositate ampla munitd ; ceruleo-fuscescente, callositate eburned, pur- pureo-fusco tincta. Tue cattous Burria. Shell acuminated, gibbous and effused towards the base, sutures of the spire rather deep, more or less callous ; whorls smooth, columella arched, truncated, furnished with a large callosity ; blueish-brown. Buceinum callosum, Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. ? Hab. Remarkable for the callous deposit of enamel which overspreads the columella and a considerable portion of the body-whorl. February, 1847. BULLIA.—Ptate IV. Species 25. (Mus. Gray.) Buttra rHopostoma. Bul. acuminata, subventricosd, spire suturis subprofundis, anfractibus levibus, fascid callosé supra suturas ornatis ; lacted, aperture fauce rufo-fuscd. THE RED-MouTH Buta. Shell acuminated, somewhat ventricose, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls smooth, ornamented above the sutures with a callous band; cream white, interior of the aperture reddish brown. Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). Hab. ? Of a peculiar cream colour and characterised by a band of enamel deposited above the sutural line. Species 26. (Mus. Gray.) Buriia squarrpa. Bul. testd ovato-oblongd, ventricosd, levi, basi subcontortd et recurvi, columellé arcuata; Sulvo-fuscd, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-luteis, Tue pirty Butta. Shell ovately oblong, ventricose, smooth, somewhat twisted and recurved at the base, columella arched; fulvous brown, columella and interior of the aperture orange-yellow. Buccinum squalidum, King, Zool. Journ. v. 5. p. 349. Buccinum Paytense, Valenciennes, Kiener. Hab. Payta, T have not seen any example of this species with the dark brown epidermis, represented by M. Kiener. aagniiis (EVEN Soeroee Sone ar annulata (Buc.), Lamarck ...... TRIES (Goo see nD oan eouoe Belangeri (Buc.), Kiener ....... callosa (Buc.), Wood .......... cochlidium (Buc.), Chemnitz ,... deformis (Buc.), King ......... digitalis (Buc.), Meuschen ..... globulosa (Buc.), Kiener ...... gradata (Buc.), Deshayes ...... GMaL VS RLLCEVCN al =ovei anes cueve eset stare levigata (Buc), Martini....... lINGE, i720) eaaipadadeos dace Mauritiana, Gray ...... 206+ a BUD A [Lemporary Index.] Species. 13 2 2 anwakrywet = o 12 polita (Bue.), Lamarck rhodostoma, Gray ............ SEMIUStay MCCUE inser sterersleietsinte semiflammea, Reeve . . semiplicata, Gray .... squalida (Buc.), King . sulcata, Reeve ....... Taheitensis, Gray .... WME, (Fr01) eon sno oocccoouNs CHUN CALAN LILCEUC a. severe) ctthererer-tey- TuIitayy G7ypaetests1e ferrelsterletsr~ vitrea, Reeve ......-- vittata (Bue.), Linnzeus Species. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Betic Cb NU ME: * Endued with various forms, various degrees Of substance. ’—Jhlton, Bucetnun 1 Re Sowerby del etimth BUCCINUM. Puate I. Genus Buccinum, Linneus. Testa ovata vel fusiformi-oblonga, bast emarginata, interdum subcanaliculata et plus minusve recurva; columella plerumque levigatd ; apertura callositate aut denticulis sepissime superne munitd ; labro tenuiculo, nunc sim- plici, nunc crenulato. Shell ovate or fusiformly oblong, base emarginated, some- times channelled and more or less recurved; colu- mella generally smooth; aperture most frequently furnished with a callosity or denticles ; lip rather thin, sometimes simple, sometimes crenulated. The Latin word Buccinum, a trumpet, was applied indiscriminately by the ancients to any sort of spiral univalve shell; Linnzeus adopted the term in a more res- tricted sense, yet his genus of that name included a multi- tude of very anomalous character. Lamarck divided the Linnean Buccina into several excellent acknowledged genera, the chief portion of which constitute his family Purpurifera; and it has been considered necessary to institute a still further subdivision of those species dis- tinguished by the titles Nassa, Bullia, Cyllene and Phos. The Buccinum undatum and its congeners, though mostly retained as the typical series, are separated by M. Deshayes under the title of Zritoniwm, once assigned to them by Miiller; they are mostly of northern origin, and it cannot be disputed that they present a particular uniformity of character, still there is a transition from this characteristic group to an extensive and varied series, mostly of smaller size, inhabiting the tropical regions, which are of more solid growth, of brighter colours, and of which the aperture is mostly distinguished by the presence of a callosity or denticles. With these I include Lamarck’s Purpure sertum, Francolina and lagenaria, also Fusus articulatus of the same author, and numerous species distinguished as a new genus by Mr. Gray with the name of Pollia. A number of interesting new species have now to be added, collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, exhibiting an extremely interesting variety of form —" and sculpture. Species 1. (Fig. Kiener.) ~Buccinum ciuiatum. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, tenut, ven- : tricosd, spiré acuta; anfractibus rotundatis, transver- 4 A sim creberrime striatis ; columella brevi, subcontortd ; apertura ampla ; carneo vel cinereo-fuscescente, obscure fasciatd, flammulis fuscis longitudinaliter variegata. THe HAIRY Buccinum. Shell ovately conical, thin, ven- tricose, spire acute; whorls rounded, transversely very closely striated; columella short, a little twisted, aperture large; fleshy or ashy brown, obscurely banded, variegated longitudinally with brown flames. Fasricius, O. Fauna Grenlandica p. 401. Buccinum ventricosum, Kiener. An Buccinum Humphreysianum ? Bennett. Hab. Newfoundland; Sowerby. Northern Seas; Kiener. Massachusetts, United States, (taken from fishes caught for the most part at the banks); Gould. This species I regret to say I have not seen; there can however be no fear of mistaking it from the striking figure here copied from M. Kiener’s (though probably a little exaggerated) and that of Dr. Gould in his invaluable Report of the Invertebrates of Massachusetts. Of the Buccinum Humphreysianum described by Mr. Bennett in the Zoological Journal, specimens are said to have been taken by some fishermen alive in Cork Harbour, perfectly identical with some received from Newfoundland by Mr. Sowerby. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Donovant. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, tenuiculd, spird acuta ; anfractibus rotundatis, transversim lineatis et obscuré carinatis, apicem versus concentrice plicatis ; columelld brevi, aperturaé subquadrato-ovata ; albidé aut fuscescente, epidermide indutd. Donovan’s Bucctrnum. Shell ovately conical, rather thin, spire sharp; whorls rounded, transversely lineated and obscurely ridged, concentrically plicated towards the apex; columella short, aperture some- what squarely ovate; whitish or light brown, covered with an epidermis. Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 128. Buccinum glaciale, Donovan. Hab. Massachusetts, United States (inhabits the Bank fishing grounds); Gould. The shell here represented, it will be observed, does not agree very accurately either with the figures of Donovan December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Piatez I. or Dr. Gould; still, I believe it to be the species, whose | Tue acuminateD Bucctnum. Shell conically subulate, most constant character is retamed in the short square- like effusion of the aperture; the thickness and plicated structure of this group varies, as will be noticed in the following species, according to circumstances of habitation. Specics 3. (Mus. Cuming,) Buccrnum unpatum. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, spird sub- acuminata, suturis profundis ; anfractibus rotundatis, transversim lineatis et liratis, concentricé plicatis, plicis e suturis descendentibus ; albiddé aut pallide fer- rugined epidermide seepissime induta. THe wavep Buccinum Shell ovately conical, spire some- what acuminated, sutures deep; whorls rounded, transversely lineated and ridged, concentrically pl- cated, folds descending out of the sutures; whitish, or pale rusty colour, most frequently covered with an epidermis. Linn avs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1204. Varietates, Buccinum vulgare, Da Costa. Buccinum striatum, Pennant. Buccinum solutum. Dillwyn. Hab. Shores of Europe and the United States. This well known species, the common Whelk of our market, varies in growth according to the situation it inhabits ; in a rocky gravelly soil the shell is stout and strongly plicated, on mud and in a soft bottom it is thin, comparatively smooth and covered with a soft epidermis. Species 4. (Mus. Brit.) Bucctnum acumtnatum. Buc. testd conico-subulald, basi contracta, anfractibus medio leviter concavis, trans- versim regulariter liratis, interstitiis subtilissimé gra- noso-striatis ; columellé uniplicatd, plicd subampld ; alba, epidermide tenui partim induta. contracted at the base, whorls shghtly concave in the middle, transversely regularly ridged, interstices very finely granosely striated; columella one-plaited, plait rather large ; white, partially covered with a thin epidermis. Broperte, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 44. pl. 3. fig. 1 and 2. Hab. Torquay, south coast of England. This remarkable light Zeredra-like species, of which there are in the British Museum two other smaller speci- mens, was taken alive some twenty years since by a fisher- man off Torquay, on the coast of Devonshire; the original proprietor of the shell, Lord Kilcoursie, beg in the boat at the time. It is of light structure and of singularly acu- minated growth, approaching very much in these respects to a specimen in the possession of John Bates, Hsq., R.N., Sec. Royal Yacht Society, thought to be a variety of the B. glaciale, recently taken alive by a fisherman off Cowes in one of the basket pots laid along shore in about two or three fathoms water for catching Whelks. Species 5. (Mus. Brit.) Buccinum LapraporEense. Buc. testé conico-ovatd, ventricosd, tenuiculd, anfractibus rotundatis, transver- sim tenuissime striatis, e suturis subobsolete plicatis ; albd, epidermide corned partim indutd, aperture fauce pallide croced. Tue Lasprapor Buccrnum. Shell conically ovate, ven- tricose, rather thin, whorls rounded, transversely very finely striated, rather obsoletely plicated from the sutures; white, partially covered with a horny epi- dermis, interior of the aperture pale saffron colour. Hab. Uabrador; Lady K. Douglas. This species, of which there are four or five specimens in the British Museum, collected by Lady Katherine Douglas, appears to be quite distinct from any hitherto | recorded. Bucenum Pl LY Reeve BUCCINUM. Puate II. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum stenum. Bue. testd ovatd, subventricosd, sub- Pyrulaformi, contortd, basi productd et oblique recurva ; anfractibus transversim peculiariter minutissimée undu- lato-striatis, superne angulatis, ad angulum plicato- nodosis, nodis prominentibus ; apertura ampla ; cinered, luteo-fuscescente tinctd, lineis castaneis subdistantibus cingulata. THe FLAG Bucctnum. Shell ovate, ventricose, somewhat Pyrula-shaped, contorted, produced and obliquely re- curved at the base; whorls transversely peculiarly very minutely striated in a waved manner, angulated round the upper part, plicately noduled on the angle, nodules prominent, aperture large ; ash-colour stained with yellowish brown, encircled with rather distant chesnut brown lines. P) Hab. A remarkable shell having somewhat the aspect of the Purpura lineata, but of quite a different form; the general character of this species, and of those which accompany it in the present plate, has almost tempted me to introduce them in a new and separate genus. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum trocuuus. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi contortd, canaliculaté et recurvd, spird acutd; an- Sractibus votundatis, undique creberrimé tenuiliratis, prope apicem nodosis ; apertura oblonga, fauce irregu- lariter et imterrupte lirata ; luteo-spadiced, lineis albis distantibus cingulata. THE LITTLE Top Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, twisted, channelled and recurved at the base, spire sharp ; whorls rounded, very closely finely ridged through- out, noduled near the apex ; aperture oblong, interior irregularly and interruptedly ridged; yellowish bay colour, encircled with distant white lines. :) Hab. Another characteristic species of rarity which does not appear to have been hitherto recorded. Species 8. (Mus. Brit.) BuccinuM IMPERTALE. Bue. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, inflata ; anfractibus transversim striatis et obscure liratis, superné concavo-angulatis, ad angulum obtuse carinatis ; apertura perampla ; sordidé albidd, auran- tio-fusco, precipue ad angulum, maculatd et punctata. THE IMPERIAL Buccrnum. Shell ovate, rather thin, inflated ; whorls transversely striated and obsurely ridged, concavely angulated round the upper part, obtusely keeled at the angle; aperture very large; dull white, blotched and dotted, especially at the angle, with orange-brown. Hab. ? A species of very peculiar form and colouring, unique, as far as I can ascertain, in our national collection. Species 9. (Mus. Cwning.) Buccinum Fusores. Bue. testé fusiformi, basi canali- culataé et recurvd, transversim undique liratis, liris angustis, confertiusculis, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura oblonga, fauce liraté ; fuscescente, iris maculis parvis saturatioribus profuse tinctis. Tue Fusus-LrKe Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, channelled and recurved at the base, transversely ridged through- out, ridges narrow, rather close-set, interstices longi- tudinally striated; aperture oblong, interior ridged ; light brown, ridges profusely stained with small spots of a deeper colour. ? Hab. If it were not that this species falls into the present series, distinguished by the recurvature of the channelled base, it might be referred with propriety to the genus Fusus, Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum varicosum. Bue. testé subfusiformi-turrita, basi canaliculatd et recurvd, spire suturis subimpressis, anfractibus subrotundis, transversim conspicué elevato- striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis obtusis, subdis- tantibus ; aperturé parvd ; sordidé fuscescente. Tur varicose Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly turreted, channelled and recurved at the base, sutures of the spire rather impressed; whorls nearly round, transversely conspicuously elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs obtuse, rather distant ; aperture small; dull brown, December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—P tate II. Murex varicosus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 256. pl. 162. f. 1546, 7. > Hab. The Murex varicosus of Chemnitz falls so peculiarly into this novel group of recurved-chamnelled Buccina, that I included it in the series, before noticing that M. Kiener had described it under the head of Fusws, and M. Deshayes observed that it has as much the appearance of Buccinum as of Fusus, (“coquille qui a autant Vapparence d’un Buccin que Vun Fuseau”), and I incline to think the situation to which I have here assigned it is the more ap- propriate. Lamarck does not appear to have noticed the species. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum CassIDARI®FORME. Bue. testé ovati, sub- ventricosd, bast canaliculatd et recurvd; anfractibus transversim undique subirregulariter sulcatis, superné declivibus et angulatis, ad angulum conspicue nodosis ; apertura oblonga, fauce liratd ; intus extusque fusco- aurantia. THE CASSIDARIA-SHAPED Bucctnum. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, channelled and recurved at the base; whorls transversely somewhat irregularly grooved throughout, sloping and angulated round the upper part, conspicuously nodose at the angle ; aperture oblong, interior ridged; brownish-orange within and without. 2 Hab. None of the rare and interesting species of this plate from Mr. Cuming’s cabimet and the British Museum were collected by him, nor does he possess any information as to their locality or circumstances of habitation. mum Fl LL, Buci del Reeve 2 ei et th owerby =) BUCCINUM. Puate III. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Nassorpgs. apice acuminata ; anfractibus superné concavis, concen- trice nodoso-plicatis, transversim obsolete liratis et sub- tilissime striatis ; aurantio-fuscescente, nodulis lirisque albidis. Tue Nassa-LikE Buccinum. Shell pyramidally ovate, acuminated at the apex; whorls concave round the upper part, concentrically nodosely plicated, trans- versely obsoletely ridged and very finely striated ; orange-brown, nodules and ridges whitish. a) Buc. testé pyramidali-ovata, Hab. Mr. Cuming possesses no information relative to this new and interesting species. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinuM sprraLe. Bue. testd ovatd, spird acuminaté, | suturis profundis ; anfractibus superné plano-angulatis, longitudinaliter obsolete tuberculato-plicatis, transver- sim liratis, liris prominentibus, interstitiis excavatis et . striatis ; aperture fauce sulcatd et crenatd ; alba, fusco hic illic sparsim tineté. Tue sprraL Buccrnum. Shell ovate, spire acuminated, sutures deep; whorls flatly angulated round, the upper part, longitudinally obsoletely tubercularly pli- cated, transversely ridged, ridges prominent, inter- stices excavated and striated ; interior of the aperture grooved and crenate|; white, sparingly tinged here and there with brown. Pollia spiralis, Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage,p. 111. Hab. Mauritius. | Though not uncommon I find no mention of this species, except in the work above quoted ; some collectors possess it, named in manuscript B. fuscatum, but it is obviously not the B. fuscatum of Bruguiére. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) | ; | | Buccrxum Eryrurostoma. Bue. testé ovatd, spira acu- | minatd, anfractibus concentrice tuberculatis, transversim | subtiliter et creberrimé liratis ; aperture fauce sulcatd | et crenata ; lutescente, epidermide sericed indutd, tuber- culis nigricante-fuscis, aperture fauce alba, columellé labrique limbo interno rufis. | | THE RED-MouTH Buccrnum. Shell ovate, spire acumi- nated, whorls concentrically tuberculated, transversely finely and closely ridged; interior of the aperture grooved and ecrenated; yellowish, covered with a silken epidermis, tubercles blackish brown, interior of the aperture white, columella and inner margin of the lip red. Hab. Ceylon. Easily distinguished by the characteristic blood red colouring of the mouth. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinuM MELANOSTOMA. ventricosd, anfractibus superné rotundato-cngulatis, su- turis profundis, longitudinaliter plicato-undatis, trans- versim irregulariter liratis et striatis, apertura ovat, Sauce sulcata et crenatd ; aurantio-fused, maculis satura- Buc. testé oblongo-ovatda, sub- tioribus hic illic tincta, columella nigricante-fusca, aperture fauce alba. THE BLACK-mMouTH BucctNum. Shell oblong-ovate, some- what ventricose, whorls rotundately angled round the upper part, sutures deep, longitudinally plicately waved, transversely irregularly ridged and striated, aperture ovate, interior grooved and crenated ; orange brown, stained here and there with spots of a darker brown, columella blackish brown, interior of the aper- ture white. Sowersy, Tankerville Catalogue, Appendix, p. 21. Hab. Ceylon. M. Deshayes arranges this species together with the B. sepimentum and plumbeum (Monoceros plumbeus, mihi), in a separate section, under the title of “Les Monodontes”’; I do not, however, see that it has any such affinity with them. It may be easily distinguished from the B. Tran- quebaricum with which species M. Kiener has confounded it, under an impression that they are the same in different ages. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum macutatum. Bue. test gibboso-ovatd, spird breviusculd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, medio turgidis, levibus, ad apicem tuberculato-nodosis ; colu- mella excavatd, superne callosd et canaliculatd, basi am- pliter emarginatd ; griseo-flavd, teniis fusco-articulatis undique cingulata. December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Ptate III. Tue sporrep Bucctnum. Shell gibbously ovate, spire rather short, whorls slightly concave at the upper part, swollen at the apex; columella excavated, cal- lous and channelled at the upper part, base largely emarginated; greyish yellow, encircled throughout with brown-articulated fillets. Martyn, Universal Conchology, vol. ii. pl. 49. Buccinum adspersum, Chemnitz. Buccinum turgidum, Dillwyn. Buccinum testudineum, var. Wiener. Hab. New Zealand. I quite agree with M. Deshayes in the propriety of dis- tinguishing this from the B. testudinewm, independent of the specific difference which he notices in the animal. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum TRANQUEBARICUM. Buc. testd ovatd, subven- tricosd, anfractibus superné rotundato-angulatis, longi- tudinaliter fortiter plicato-costatis, transversim undique liratis ; aperture fauce sulcata et crenata ; flavescente, zond angustd albd interdum cingulatd, liris rufescenti- bus, columella et aperture fauce albis. Tur TRaNQuEBAR Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose, whorls rotundately angled round the upper part, longitudinally strongly plicately ribbed, trans- versely ridged throughout; interior of the aperture ridged and crenated; pale bright yellow, sometimes encircled with a narrow white zone, ridges reddish, columella and interior of the aperture white. Nassa Tranquebarica Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. 4. p. 35. pl- 128. f. 1146, 7. Hab. Tranquebar. Not often so brightly coloured as the specimen here figured, which is moreover distinguished by a central white band. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccrnuM GULACTIALE. suturis profundis, anfractibus subplanatis longitudina- Buc. testdé subulato-ovatd, spire liter oblique plicatis, transversi bi-tri-carinatis, carina- rum interstitiis regulariter elevato-striatis; apertura brevi, labro conspicue effuso; sordidée flavido-fuscd, labro albo. Tur rcy Buccinum.~ Shell subulately ovate, sutures of the spire deep, whorls somewhat flattened, longitudi- nally obliquely plicated, transversely two-three-keeled, interstices between the keels regularly elevately striated; aperture short, lip conspicuously effused ; dull yellowish brown, lip white. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th. edit.) p. 1204. Tritonium glaciale, Muller. An eadem? Buccinum angulosum, Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 127. pl. 36. f. 6. Hab. Northern Seas. Thave not seen the fractured specimen from Iey Cape described by Mr. Gray under the above mentioned name, but fear nevertheless it is a variety of the present species. Bucenum. Po. Reev th owerby del eth: c S) Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrsum Mopestum Bue. testd ovato-fusiformi, basi sulcatd, supra subtiliter striata ; apertura oblonga, labro incrassato, marginato ; albidd aut lutescente, rufescente- castaneo tinctd, in strigis juata suturas disposito, an- fractu ultimo zond angusta albidé cingulata. Tur mopest Buccrnum. Shell ovately fusiform, grooved at the base, finely striated above; aperture oblong, lip thickened, marginated; whitish or yellowish, stained with reddish chesnut, arranged in streaks next the sutures, last whorl encircled by a narrow white zone. Powis, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 94. Hab. Bay of Montija, Central America (dredged from muddy gravel at a depth of from seven to seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum costatum. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovatd, anfrac- tibus transversim undique creberrimée sulcatis, superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum nodosis, wfra obsolete plicato-costatis ; columella excavatd, aperture fauce liratd ; albidé aut cinered, areis inter sulcos transver- sos rufo-fusco articulatis, columella aurantio-fuscd, aperture fauce alba. Tue riBBeD Bucctnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls transversely very closely grooved throughout,concavely angled round the upper part, nodose at the angle, obsoletely plicately ribbed beneath, columella exca- vated, callous and channelled at the upper part, interior of the aperture ridged ; whitish or ash colour, areas between the transverse rows articulated with reddish brown, columella orange-brown, interior of the aperture white. Quoy & Garmarp. Voy. de l’Astrol. Zool. vol. ii. p. 417, pl. 30. f. 17, to 20. ‘ab. South Australia. The name selected for this species is a very inappro- priate one, there being little or no appearance of ribs. H Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum acutrnoposum. Buc. testa ovatd, spird bre- viusculd, turritd, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad an- gulum acute nodosis, transversiin undique creberrime sulcatis ; columelld eacavatd et superne canaliculata ; cinereo- vel caruleo-albicante, areis inter sulcos nigri- cante-fusco articulatis, aperture fauce purpureo-nigri- cante. THE sHARPLY NoDULED Buccinum. Shell ovate, spire rather short, turreted, whorls angulated round the BUCCINUM. Pare IV. upper part, sharply noduled at the angle, trans- versely very closely grooved throughout ; columella excavated and chamnelled at the upper part; ashy or blueish white, areas between the transverse grooves articulated with blackish brown, interior of the aper- ture purple-black. Hab. South Australia. Closely approximating to the preceding species and from the same locality; its more gibbous and shortened erowth cannot be estimated of any specific importance, but the columella is rather different, and the interior of the aperture deep purple-black. Mr. Cuming possesses speci- mens of each without any intermediate modification of these characters. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrxum porcatum. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, anfrac- libus supern® concavis, liris plano-convewis, subdistanti- bus regulariter cinctis, lirarum interslitiis tenuiter striatis ; columelld superné lird callosd munitd, supra canaliculatd ; labro tenui, simplici ; ferrugineo-fusco, liris saturatioribus, columella albd, aperture fauce car- neo tincta. Tu rnipGep Buccinum. Shell ovately oblong, whorls concave round the upper part, régularly encircled with rather distant flatly convex ridges, interstices between the ridges finely striated ; columella furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above ; lip thin, simple; rusty brown, ridges darker, colu- mella white, interior of the aperture tinged with flesh- colour. GueEtin, Syst. Nat. p. 3494. Buceinum asperius striatum, &e., Martini. Buccinum Mevicanum, Bruguitre. Purpura ligata, Lamarck. Buccinum ligatum, Wiener. Hab. ? I refer this species to the Purpura ligata of Lamarck solely on the authority of M. Kiener. , Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Anaurcanum. Bue. testa oblongd, tenuiculd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, liris parvis con- fertiusculis striisque cinctis, columelld superné lira callosd munitd, supra canaliculald ; labro simplict ; ferrugineo-fused, columella et aperture fauce albidis. Tur Exeuish Buccinum. Shell oblong, rather thin, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, encir- cled with close-set small ridges and striz, columella furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge, December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Puats IV. channelled above; lip simple; rusty brown, colu- mella and interior of the aperture whitish. Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. iv. p. 70. pl. 196. f. 1212. Buecinum Norvegicum, Enc. Méth. Hab. Coasts of England and Norway. Very like the preceding species, differmg only in having the ridges more frequent and less strongly developed, and the whorls less elevated one wpon each other at the sutures. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum papyracnum. Bue. testd ovata, subfusiforme, tenui, anfractibus transversim tenuissime striatis ; colu- melld subewcavatd, Vird callosd superné munitd, supraé canaliculata ; ferrugineo-fuscd, columellé et aperture Sauce albis. THE parpyracrtous Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat fusiform, thin, whorls transversely very finely striated; columella somewhat excavated, furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above ; light rusty brown, columella and interior of the aperture white. BRUGUIERE, Enc. Méth. Dict. no. 22. Hab. ? So closely do this and the two preceding species approx- imate to one another, that they may prove to be nothing more than different states of the same. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinumM ovum. anfractibus rotundatis, ventricosis, levigatis, labro tenui ; Bue. testé ovaté, spiré breviusculd, eburned, epidermide tenui lutescente induta. Tue enGG Bucctnum. Shell ovate, spire rather short, whorls round, ventricose, smooth, lip thin; ivory white, covered with a thin yellowish epidermis. Turton, Zool. Journal, vol. ii. p. 366. pl. 13. f. 9. An Buceinum fusiforme, Kiener (not of Broderip) ? Hab. Britain. I have no shell that comes so near to M. Kiener’s figure, B. fusiforme, as the present; it is of rather a more elon- gated form, and if on comparison it should prove distinct must be re-named. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccINuM TENEBROSUM. Buc. testé tenui, subinflatd, spira mediocri, ad apicem subplicatd ; anfractibus ro- tuidis, aut superne leviter depressis, spiraliter indis- tincté carinatis, carinis feré obsoletis, labro acuto ; intus eatusque violaceo- aut livido-fused, columella supra nigricante. THE DARK Buccinum. Shell thin, somewhat inflated, spire middling, slightly plaited at the apex, whorls round or a little depressed round the upper part, spirally indistinctly keeled, keels almost obsolete, lip sharp; violet or livid brown within and without, columella blackish above. Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p. 327. plbe tale: Hab. West coast of Davis’s Strait, between Greenland and North America (dredged from a blue clay bottom at a depth of from fifteen to twenty fathoms); Warham and Harrison. An interesting species of which there are several exam- ples in Mr. Cuming’s collection, described almost simul- taneously with the present by Mr. Hancock, one of the accomplished authors of the ‘ British Nudibranchiate Mol- lusca’ issuing under the auspices of the Ray Society. The new species of shells just described in the Magazine above quoted, were dredged in a deep bay on the west coast of Davis’s Strait, through the zeal of Messrs. Warham and Harrison, masters of whaling vessels belonging to the port of Newcastle-on-Tyne. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum tenure. Bue. testd fusiformi-ovatd, tenui, spird subacuminatd, anfractibus subrotundis, levibus aut minutissime spiraliter striatis, concentricé plicato- costatis, labro tenui ; sordidé alba. Tue THIN Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, thin, spire rather acuminated ; whorls somewhat round, smooth, or very minutely spirally striated, concentrically pli- cately ribbed, lip thin; dead white. Gray, Zool. of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 128. pl. 36. £19. Hab. Vey Cape. Well characterized by its concentric scalariform ribs. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum ZEALANDICcUM. Buc. testdé conico-ovatié, sub- ventricosd, anfractibus spiraliter striatis, e suturis con= centrice fortiter oblique semiplicatis, labro subincrassato ; albidd aut lutescente, maculis rubidis transversim ob- longis inter plicas vittatd, aperture fauce aurantio- luted. Tue New Zeananp Buccinum. Shell conically ovate, somewhat ventricose, whorls spirally striated concen- trically, strongly half-plicated from the sutures, lip rather thickened, whitish or yellowish, filleted between the folds with transversely oblong red spots, interior of the aperture orange-yellow. Hab. New Zealand. The rows of oblong red spots which encircle the upper portion of the whorls in the interstices between the folds, constitute a character by which this species may be easily recognised. Buconum Lt V OF BUCCINUM. Puate Y. Species 29. (Mus. Brit.) Buccinum ciuratum. Buc. testdé ovatd, spird brevi, an- fractibus rotundatis, transversim subtilissimé striatis, concentricé e suturis fortiter plicato-costatis ; intus ea- tusque alba. THE ciLttaTED Buccinum. Shell ovate, spire short, whorls rounded, transversely very finely striated, con- centrically strongly plicately ribbed from the sutures ; white within and without. Mo.rer, Index Moll. Greenl. Hab. Greenland. A small ovate white shell very strongly concentrically plicately ribbed. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum Antarcricum. Bue. testd ovato-fusiformi, basi truncata, anfractibus apicem versus fortiter plicato- costatis, costis anfractiis ultimi evanidis ; extus epider- mide crassa olivaced indutd, intus purpureo-fuscd, colu- mella labrique margine interno albis. THe Antarctic Bucctnum. Shell ovately fusiform, truncated at the base, whorls strongly plicately ribbed towards the apex, ribs of the last whorl fading away ; exterior covered with a thick olive epidermis, interior purple-brown, columella and inner edge of the lip white. Hab. Falkland Islands; Ross. One of the few species brought home by the Antarctic Expedition of H.M. Ships ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ under the command of Captain Sir James Clarke Ross. Species 31. (Mus. Brit.) Buccinum FustrorMeE. Bue. testa fusiformi, spiraé acumi- natd, anfractibus transcersim creberrime liratis et con- centricée costatis, costis subgranosis ; albd, epidermide Suscescente induta. THE FusIroRM Buccinum. Shell fusiform, spire acumi- nated, whorls transversely very closely ridged and concentrically ribbed, ribs subgranose ; white, covered by a brownish epidermis. Broperip, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 45. pl. 3. f. 3. Hab. Cork, Ireland. Partaking very much of the character of Fusus. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum intinctum. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui- culd anfractibus superné leviter depressis, transversim undique creberrimé striatis, columella levi, callositate superne munitd, aperture fauce radiatim subtiliter liratd ; castaneo-rufd epidermide tenui indutd, intus alba. Tur pyep Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, whorls slightly depressed round the upper part, trans- versely very closely striated throughout, columella smooth, furnished with a callosity at the upper part, interior of the aperture radiately finely ridged ; ches- nut red, covered with a thin epidermis, interior white. Hab. ? This species has, I fear, been confounded with the B. papyraceum, from which it is constantly distinguished by its less elongated form and deep red colour. Species 33. (Fig. 33 and 34. Mus. Cuming.) BuccrnuM LAGENARIUM. Bue. testdé ovatd, transversim tenuissime striata, anfractibus superne compresso-pla- natis et lacunatis ; lutescente, lineolis strigisque spa- diceo-fuscis longitudinaliter undulatis varie picta. THE CALABASH-SHAPED BuccinuM. Shell ovate, trans- versely very finely striated, whorls compressly flat- tened and guttered round the upper part ; yellowish, variously painted with longitudinally waved brown lines and streaks. Variety 8. (Fig. 33 and 34.) Testa obsolete plani-lirata, liris maculis quadratis aurantio- Suscis articulatis. Shell obsoletely flatly ridged, ridges articulated with square orange-brown spots. Dersuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 81. note. Purpura lagenaria, Lamarck. Variety a. Purpura cucurbita, Duclos. Variety 8. an Purpura zebra? Wiener. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. By some unfortunate mistake two examples of Var. 8 have been figured in place of one of each variety; Var. a has been, however, well represented by M. Duclos in the ‘Magasin de Zoologie’ for 1833, and it is a shell of very common occurrence. December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Puats V. Species 35. (Mus. Brit.) Buccrnum Ltimposum. Bue. testé conico-ovata, anfractibus superné concavo-depressis, transversim subtilissime et cre- berrimé striatis, aperture fauce radiatim tenuiliratd ; purpureo-nigricante, columella et aperture fauce albis, fusco-purpureo tinctis. THE coLLARED Buccrinum. Shell conically ovate, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, transversely very finely and closely striated, interior of the aper- ture radiately finely ridged; purple-black, columella and interior of the aperture white, tinged with brownish purple. Purpura limbosa, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 78. Hab. ? A species not often met with, of which there are two or three fine examples in the British Museum; it was only known to Lamarck in a young state. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccrnuM LINEOLATUM. elevatiusculd, levigatd ; griseo-fuscescente lineis nigris Buc. testé conico-ovatd, spird aqualibus nune interruptis, nunc integris, cingulatd, aperture fauce cerulescente, columella labrique margine interno rufo-aurantiis. THE LINEATED Bucctnum. Shell conically ovate, spire rather elevated, smooth; greyish brown, encircled with equal black lines sometimes interrupted, some- times entire, interior of the aperture blueish, colu- mella and inner edge of the lip stained with orange. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) p. 164. and p. 186. Hab. New Zealand. M. Deshayes has published this as a new species of M. Quoy, without observing it to have been already described by Lamarck under the same name; should M, Quoy’s entire-lined shell prove eventually to be distinct from the interrupted-lined species of Lamarck (figured by M. Kiener at pl. 8. f. 25. as a variety of B. maculatum), I may here suggest that it be named Buceinwm Quoyi, in honour of the indefatigable naturalist of the ‘ Astrolabe.’ Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum atveotatum. Bue. testa conico-ovatd, spird elevatiusculd, levigatd ; griseo- aut cerulescente-albidd, maculis ceruleo-nigris transverse oblongis creberrimd seriatim cinctd. THE TESSELLATED Bucctnum. Shell conically ovate, spire rather elevated, smooth; greyish or blueish white, closely encircled with transversely oblong blue-black spots. KiENER, Icon. coq. viv. p. 32. pl. x. f. 34. Hab. New Holland. This is little more than a variety of the interrupted-lined B. lineolatum, in which the lines assume the width of inter- rupted bands ; an argument however in favour of its beg regarded as a species, is, that it never occurs with entire bands. Species 38. (Mus. Brit.) BuccinuM PLURIANULATA. Bue. testd conico-ovati, an- fractibus superné concavo-depressis, levigatis, aperture fauce subtiliter liratd ; griseo-albidd, lineis nigris un- dique creberrimé cingulatd, aperture fauce nigricante, labri margine interno albicante. THE MANY-RINGED Buccinum. Shell conically ovate, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, smooth, interior of the aperture finely ridged; greyish- white, very closely encircled throughout with black lines, interior of the aperture blackish, imer edge of the lp whitish. Hab. Swan River. Perfectly distinguished from the B. lineolatum both in form and colouring. > if a 7 + “\tee eh -ie a ¥, ae 7 wee Bacanvium. Fl Vi. AU 0% ‘owerby del et hth BUCCINUM. Prate VI. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum pristis. Buc. testé elongato-turritd, acumi- nati, basi subcontortd ; anfractibus superné declivibus, apicem versus subobsolete plicatis et striatis, ceteris levibus, politis; apertura brevi, labri limbo pulcherrimé et conspicué serrato ; intus extusque livido-olivaced. THE ELONGATED Bucctnum. Shell elongately twrreted, acuminated, somewhat twisted at the base; whorls depressly slanting round the upper part, somewhat obsoletely plicated and striated, the rest smooth, polished ; aperture short, edge of the lip very beauti- fully and conspicuously serrated; livid olive within and without. Drsuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 192. Buecinum serratum Dufresne. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia. The name pristis has been given to this singular species by M. Deshayes in consequence of that of serratum intro- duced by Dufresne being pre-oceupied in reference to a fossil species ; it was originally dedicated by Mr. Gray in manuscript to Lady North, Buccinum Northie, but I can- not learn that this name ever reached publicity. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum situta. Bue. testé oblongo-ovaté, spird brevi, anfractu ultimo amplo, inflato ; levigaté aut obscuris- simé elevato-striatd ; aperturé ampld, callositatibus duabus superné munita, labro simplici ; fulvo-rubida, maculis violascente-albis seriatim aspersd, aperture fauce rufescente-aurantia. THE LITTLE WatTeR-scoorp Buccrnum. Shell oblong- ovate, spire short, last whorl large, inflated, smooth or very obscurely elevately striated; aperture large, furnished at the upper part with two callosities, lip simple; fulvous red, sprinkled with rows of violet- white blotches, interior of the aperture reddish-orange. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. An interesting new species abundantly distinguished from the two which follow by its shorter and more inflated growth, smooth surface and peculiar style of painting. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Francouinus. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, cras- siusculd, spird brevi, subobtusd ; anfractibus superne depresso-concavis, transversim ewilissime et ereberrime elevato-striatis, interstitiis minutissimé cancellatis, an- fractu ultimo inflato; apertura ampla, callositatibus duabus superne munitd ; luteo-aurantid, fusco-rubido hie illie strigaté et reticulata, aperture fauce luteo- albidd. Tue FRancotrine Buccrnum. Shell ovately oblong, rather thick, spire short, somewhat obtuse, whorls depressly concave round the upper part, transversely very faintly and closely elevately striated, the inter- stices being very minutely cancellated, last whorl im- flated; aperture large, furnished at the upper part with two callosities ; yellowish orange, streaked and reticulated here and there with brownish-red, interior of the aperture yellowish white. Brueurere, Enc. Méth. Dict. ne. 24. Purpura Francolinus, Lamarck. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. This may easily be distinguished from the foregoing and following species, by its minutely cancellated sculpture and delicate tone of colouring. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum sertum. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, spird brevi, subobtusd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, transver- sim granoso-striatis, striis nunc rudis nunc tenuibus, an- fractu ultimo infiato ; aperturd ampla, callositatibus duabus superne munité ; luteo-aurantid, rufo-castaneo tinctd et variegatd, aperture fauce luteo-albida. THE GARLAND Bucctnum. Shell ovately oblong, spire short, rather obtuse, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, transversely granosely striated, strize sometimes rude sometimes fine, last whorl inflated ; aperture large, furnished at the upper part with two callosities ; yellowish orange, stained and variegated with red-chesnut, interior of the aperture yellowish- white. Brucurere, Enc. Méth. Dict. no. 25. Purpura sertum, Lamarck. The painting of this species is mostly darker than that of the preceding; the sculpture sometimes coursely, some- times delicately engraved. December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Ptats VI. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum pusio. Buc. testi fusiformi, anfractibus su- perne leviter concavis, levigatis aut transversim tenuis- sime striatis; columellé excavatd, apertura oblonga, superne callositatibus munitd, fauce sulcatd ; purpureo- plumbed, teniis fusco-articulatis undique cingulaté, aperture fauce cerulescente, aurantio margine tincta. THE youne Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, smooth or transversely very finely striated; columella excavated, aperture oblong, furnished at the upper part with callosities, interior grooved; purple-lead colour, encircled through- out with brown-articulated fillets, interior of the aper- ture blueish, stained at the edge with orange. Linn2vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1223. Buccinum plumatum, Gmelin. Fusus pusio Ene. Méth. Fusus articulatus, Lamarck, Hab, Honduras, California. A great deal of confusion has arisen in regard to the origin of this species, in consequence of Linnus having formed his description from an immature specimen (sug- gestive of the name pusio) “ about the size of a hazel-nut,” in which the dark spots range in longitudinal streaks, as he describes, instead of forming articulated bands; and in quoting the Mediterranean Sea as its habitat, thereby leading Philippi and others to confound it with the B.macu- losum, of that locality. Thanks, however, to Mr. Hanley for calling my atten- tion to it, we possess in the collection of our Linnean Society the very shell from which the diagnose in the ‘Systema Nature’ was drawn up, with the number refer- ring to it on the shell, in Linneus’s handwriting; and the specimen agrees precisely with the immature representa- tions of the species in Gualter and Bonanni to which he refers. So many of Linnzus’ shells were in young or bad con- dition, that his descriptions scarcely apply to the same of mature age and in finer state of preservation. ALte h 51 Lee BUCCINUM: Piate VIL. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum D’Orpienyr. Buc. testd fusiformi-ovata, basem versus paululum contractd ; anfractibus concen- tricé plicato-costatis, transversim striatis et sulcatis ; labro intus plicato-dentato ; luteo nigroque pulcherrimé varia, zond angusta albidd cingulatda. D’Orzieny’s Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, a little contracted towards the base; whorls concentrically plicately ribbed, transversely striated and grooved ; lip plicately toothed within; beautifully variegated with black and yellow, encircled with a narrow white zone. PayRANDEAU, Cat. Moll. de. Corse. p. 159. pl. 8. f. 4 to 6. Cancellaria D’ Orbignyi, De Bainville. Hab. Mediterranean. The colouring of this shell is extremely characteristic ; the plicated ribs are divided, as it were, by the transverse grooves into nodules which are bright yellow on the front side and black at the back. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinuM RINGENS. Bue. testd ovata, solidd, gibbosiusculd, spird brevi, acuté ; anfractibus fortiter turberculato- plicatis, transversim subtilissime liratis et striatis, colu- mellaé labroque profuse sulcatis et corrugatis, superné canaliculatis ; fusco viridique varia, liris fusco articu- latis, columella et aperture fauce albis. THE GRINNING Buccinum. Shell ovate, solid, rather gib- bous, spire short, acute ; whorls strongly tubercularly plicated, transversely very finely ridged and striated, lip and columella profusely grooved and wrinkled, channelled at the upper part; variegated with green and brown, ridges articulated with brown, columella and interior of the aperture brown. Hab. Panama (on the rocks at low water) ; Cuming. Of a dark blue-green colour, varied with fine spiral cord-like ridges articulated with rusty brown. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccINUM H#®MASTOMA. spird brevi, anfractibus medio tuberculato-plicatis, transversim subtilissimé liratis et striatis, columella Buc. testé ovata, solidiusculd, margine minute verrucosa, superne lira callosd munitd, supra canaliculata ; viridi, liris transversis hie illic sanguiners, columella labrique limbis vivide sanguineis, columelle verrucis albis, aperture fauce albd. THE BLOOD-RED-MoUTH Bucctnum. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire short, whorls tubereularly plicated in the middle, transversely very finely ridged and striated, edge of the columella minutely warty, furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above ; dark green, transverse ridges here and there dark blood-red, warts of the columella white, interior of the aperture white. Pollia hemastoma, Gray, Zool. of Beechey’s Voyage, p- 112. Hab. Panama (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Easily recognised by the blood-red colouring of the lip and columella, the latter sprinkled with minute white warts. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum RuBiGiINosuM. Buc. testd oblongd, ovato-fusi- formi, concentricé subobsolete plicatd, transversim sub- wrregulariter liraté et striatd ; aperture fauce suleata ; Serrugineo-aurantid, fusco hie illic tinctd, zoné unica alba cingulata. Tne rusty Buccrnum. Shell ovately fusiform, concen- trically somewhat obsoletely plicated, transversely somewhat irregularly ridged and striated ; interior of the aperture grooved; rusty-orange, stained here and there with brown, encircled with a single white zone. Hab. Red Sea. This species has a very strong resemblance with the B. Proteus which follows at Sp. 51, but is more elongated and constantly distinct. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum variecatum Buc. testa oblongo-ovatd, spird acuta, anfractibus superné depressiusculis, liris subti- libus superficiaris undique cingulatis ; columella, exca- vata, lira callosé superné munitd, supra canaliculata ; cinereo-fusca, maculis viridibus variegatd, liris nigris interdum viridi interruptis, aperture fauce cerules- cente-alba. THE VARIEGATED Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire sharp, whorls rather depressed at the upper part, December, 1846. ; BUCCINUM.—Piats VII. encircled with fine superficial ridges ; columella exca- vated, furnished with a callous ridge at the upper part, channelled above; ashy brown, variegated with blotches of light green, ridges black, sometimes interrupted with green, interior of the aperture pale blueish white. Le Tafon, Adanson. Pollia variegata, Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage p. 112. Buccinum viverratum, Kiener. Hab. Senegal. I cannot recognise with M. Deshayes the propriety of naming this species Buccinum Tafon; the french word Tafon, given to it by Adanson, will not assist the Latin binomial in a grammatical sense. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum GEMMATUM. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, spird breviusculd, acutd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter subob- solete plicatis, superne depressiusculis, transversim striatis, liris peculiariter interruptis undique cingulatis ; columella, subverrucosd, excavatd, lird callosd superné munitd, supra canaliculatd, aperture fauce sulcatd et crenata ; ferrugineo-fuscd, maculis albis variegatd, liris interruptis conspicue atris, columella et aperture fauce albis. JEWELLED Buccinum. Shell ovate, thick, spire rather short, sharp; whorls longitudinally obsoletely plicated, slightly depressed round the upper part, tranversely striated, encircled throughout with pecu- liarly interrupted ridges; columella a little warty, excavated, furnished with a callous ridge at the upper part, channelled above, interior of the aperture grooved and crenated ; rusty brown, variegated with blotches of white, interrupted ridges conspicuously jet black, columella and interior of the aperture THE white. Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (in clefts of the rocks) ; Cuming. A very striking species of which the transverse jet beads remind one of the irridiscent Turbinella prismatica. M. Kiener figures it for the female B. wndosum. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum pacopus. Buc. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird acuminatd, anfractibus superné depresse rotundato- angulatis, apicem versus concentricé tuberculatis, liris irregularibus undique cingulatis ; columella subexcava- ta, liré callosd parvd superné munitd, aperture fauce suleaté et crenaté ; castaneo-fusco undique tincta et variegatd, columella et aperture fauce cerulescente- albis. Tur pacopa Buccinum. Shell ovately fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls depressly rotundately angulated round the upper part, concentrically tubercled towards the apex, encircled throughout with irregular ridges ; columella a little excavated, furnished at the upper part with a small callous ridge, interior of the aperture grooved and crenated; stained and varie- gated throughout with chesnut-brown, columella and interior of the aperture pale blueish white. Hab. Island of Taboga, Bay of Panama (in clefts of the rocks at low water) ; Cuming. An elegantly formed species of which Mr. Cuming only collected one or two specimens. Species 51. (Fig. a, 4, c. Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Prorevs. Buc. testé subfusiformi-ovatd, spira subacutd, anfractibus longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, transversim creberrimé liratis et striatis; columellé subexcavatd, superné callositate parva munitd, aperture fauce sulcaté et crenatd ; albidd aut lutescente, fusco tinctd, zoné albidé medio formante, laris costas super fusco saturatioribus. Tue Prorean Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire sharp, whorls longitudinally plicately ribbed, transversly very closely ridged and striated ; columella a little excavated, furnished with a small callosity at the upper part, interior of the aperture grooved and crenated, whitish or yellowish, stamed with brown so as to leave a central white band, ridges stained with darker brown on crossing the ribs; lip tinged with orange. Hab. Ceylon and the Philippine Islands. Variety B. Fig. 51. 4. Testa undique vivide crocea. Shell bright yellow throughout. Hab. Australia. The brown colouring of Var. a is much darker in some specimens than in others; in Var. 8. from Australia the colour is one uniform delicate bright yellow a Buccorum. lV BUCCINUM. Prats VIII. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum ave“LaAna. Buc. testé subabbreviato-ovatd, crassd, solidd, spird brevi, anfractibus superné rude plicato-nodosis ; columellé subexcavatd, labro simplict ; albidd, castaneo nigroque irregulariter tincté et fas- ciatd, columella et aperture fauce albis. THE FILBERT-NUT Buccrnum. Shell somewhat abbrevi- ately ovate, thick, solid, spire short, whorls rudely plicately noduled round the upper part ; columella a little excavated, lip simple; whitish, irregularly stained and banded with chesnut and black, colu- mella and interior of the aperture white. Hab. North Coast of New Holland; Dring. A heavy solid shell of rude structure and somewhat irregular style of painting. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucornum conrractum. Buc. testé subfusiformi, basi contractd et canaliculatd, canali subrecurvo ; anfrac- tibus transversim conspicue elevato-striatis, longitudi- naliter plicato-costatis, superne angulatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, labro intus noduloso ; ferrugineo- fusco varid, columella et aperture fauce albis. Tue contractep Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiform, contracted and canaliculated at the base, canal slightly recurved; whorls transversely conspicuously elevately striated, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle, lip nodose within; variegated with rusty brown, columella and interior of the aperture white. Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines (in sandy mud at the depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming. On the left side of the last whorl is a fully developed varix, imparting a Ranella-like appearance to the shell which I have not noticed in the description fearing it may be of inconstant occurrence. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum anomatum. Bue. testd gracili-fusiformi, spiré acutd, anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costis an- gustis, numerosis, tranversim liratis, liris acutis, tenui- bus, regularibus, labro intus minute noduloso ; rosaceo~ albd, fuscescente fasciatim tincté et maculata, aperture fauce rosaceo-alba. Tur anoMaLous Buccrnum. Shell slenderly fusiform, spire sharp, whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, numerous, transversely ridged, ridges sharp, thin, regular, lip minutely noduled within; pink-white, stained and spotted in bands with light brown, aper- ture pink-white. 2 Hab. Partaking also of the character of both Murex and Fusus. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum wunposum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, spird acuta, anfractibus longitudinaliter subobsolete plicatis, liris undosis conspicuis undique creberrime cingulatis ; columella subexcavatd, aperture fauce sulcatd et cre- natd; aurantio-albidd, liris olivaceo-nigris, columella et aperture fauce albis, margine vivide aurantio-luteis. wavep Buccrnum. Shell ovate, thick, spire sharp, whorls longitudinally somewhat obsoletely plicated, very closely encircled throughout with conspicuous waved ridges; columella a little excavated, interior of the aperture grooved and crenated; orange-white, ridges olive-black, columella and interior of the aper- ture white, edge bright orange yellow. Buccinum undosum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th. edit.) p. 1203. Nassa undosa, Martini. Triton undosum, Lamarck. Variety, Buccinum affine, Gmelin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; Australia ; Philippine and Society Islands; Cuming. THE The errors which M. Kiener has committed in reference to this ancient and well known species, have been so fully exposed by M. Deshayes, that it is unnecessary here to recur to them, except for the sake of noticing that the shell figured by him, under some new dogma, as a sexual variety characteristic of the female, appears to be the B. gemmatum, Sp. 49. found in a locality which the B. wndo- sum does not inhabit. Lamarck referred the B. wndosum to the genus Zviton in consequence of having incidentally met with a specimen in which a varix had been deposited on the last whorl, in a manner similar to that just spoken of in the B. contractum, Sp. 43. December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Puatr VIII. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum vustuLatum. Buc. testd subfusiformi-ovata, spird acuminata ; anfractibus transversim undique ere- berrime liratis, liris angustis, acutis, longitudinaliter rude plicatis, leviter tuberculatis ; albd, aurantio-fusco tinctd et maculata, aperture fauce alba. Tue sincep Buccryum. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire acuminated; whorls transversely very closely ridged throughout, ridges narrow, sharp, lon- gitudinally rudely plicated, slightly tubercled ; white stained and spotted with orange brown, interior of the aperture white. ? Hab. An interesting species of new form and colouring. Species 56. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Buccrnum tienrum. Bue. testd ovatd, anfractibus trans- versim tenué funiculatis, longitudinaliter varicosis, vari- cibus solidis, tuberculatis; aperture fauce sulcaté et crenata ; luteo-fuscescente, castaneo-fusco fasciatim ma- culata, funiculis fuscis. THE woopEN Buccrnum. Shell ovate, whorls trans- versely finely corded, longitudinally varicose, varices solid, tuberculated ; interior of the aperture grooved and crenated; yellowish brown, stained with bands of brown blotches, cords brown. P) Hab. The longitudinal plicated growth of this shell is depo- sited in varices throughout the last whorl, partaking very much in this respect of the generic character of Murex. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum insienis. Bue. testd fusiformi-ovatd, subven- tricosd, anfractibus superné leviter depressis, trans- versim undique wregulariter liratis et sulcatis ; colu- mella superné lird callosd munitd, supra canaliculatd, aperture fauce sulcatd; alba, castaneo-fusco variegata. THE REMARKABLE Buccrinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, somewhat ventricose, whorls slightly depressed round the upper part, transversely irregularly ridged and grooved throughout ; columella furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above, interior of the aperture grooved; white, variegated with chesnut-brown. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the clefts of rocks at low water) ; Cuming. A fine species encircled throughout by grooves and ridges of a peculiar style of carving. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum BaLTeatuM. Buc. testd subfusiformi-ovata, spira acuta, anfractibus transversim liratis, longitudi- naliter creberrimeé tuberculato-costatis, aperture fauce suleatd ; lutescente-albd, nigricante-fusco balteatd, cos- tarum interstitiis superne fusco tinctis. THE BELTED Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, spire sharp, whorls transversely ridged, longi- tudinally very closely tubercularly ribbed, interior of the aperture grooved; yellowish-white, belted with blackish brown, interstices between the ribs stained with brown. Hab. Torres Straits. Distinguished by the frequency of the broad longitudinal ribs and characteristic style of painting. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum amyepaua. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassa, solidd, spird brevi, acuté ; anfractibus longitudinaliter obtuse costatis, transversim creberrime incisis, liris inter- mediis obtusis, subtilissime squamatis ; columelld superné callosa et canaliculatd ; aurantio-fuscescente, castaneo basi tinctd, columellé et aperture fauce aurantio-lacteis. THE aLMonD Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, solid, spire short, acute; whorls longitudinally ob- tusely ribbed, transversely very closely cut, interme- diate ridges obtuse and very finely scaled; columella callous and channelled at the upper part, orange brown, stained at the base with chesnut, columella and interior of the aperture orange cream colour. Purpura amygdala, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. x. f. 26. Hab. North coast of New Holland. Very peculiar in form and general appearance, and easily distinguished by its minute squamate sculpture. Species 61. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Buccrnum FunicuLtatum. Buc. testé fusiformi, basi recurvd, anfractibus superné subangulatis, longitudina- liter rudé costatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, trans- versim undique funiculatis ; albidd, funiculis fuscescen- tibus, pone costas nigris. THE corDED Buccinum. Shell fusiform, recurved at the base, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, longitudinally rudely ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle, transversely corded throughout; whitish, cords brown, black behind the ribs. ? Hab. Peculiar in having the corded ridges scarcely coloured except at the back of the ribs, where they are jet black. Bucanitia ll 1X. g e 6 p 6 1p Heeve i. et lith_ Sowerby del BUCCINUM. Puate IX. Species 62. (Mus. Taylor.) Bucctnum CoroManDELIANUM. Bue. testd ovata, crassa, subcompressa, spird breviusculd ; anfractibus superné depressis, infra nodoso-plicatis, transversim subtiliter livatis et striatis, columelld labroque intus sulcatis et corrugatis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco tinctd et maculata. THE CoromanpeEt Buccrnum. Shell ovate, thick, some- what compressed round the upper part, nodosely pli- eated beneath, transversely ridged and striated, lip and columella grooved and wrinkled within ; whitish, stained and blotched with orange-brown. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 169. Hab. Coromandel; Panama; Cuming. The specimen here figured is remarkable for its bright blotches of colouring, the species generally having a much more sombre appearance. ; Species 63. (Mus. Taylor.) BuccrnuM LAUTUM. versim liratis, liris conspicuis, angustis, subdistantibus, longitudinaliter fortiter costatis, costis nodosis ; colu- mella labroque corrugatis et sulcatis; alba, rubro- aurantio costas super vivide maculata. THe Gay Buccrnum. Shell ovate, whorls transversely ridged, ridges conspicuous, narrow, rather distant, longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs nodose; lip and columella wrinkled and grooved; white, vividly blotched with red-brown upon the ribs. ? Bue. testé ovatd, anfractibus trans- Hab. A prettily coloured species, in which the sculpture is developed with peculiar force. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Fusorpes. Bue. testd fusiformi, basi contortaé et recurvd, spird acuminata ; anfractibus medio obtuse angulatis, ad angulum eleganter nodosis, transversim creberrime liratis, liris subtilibus, leviter undulatis ; Suscescente, fusco hie illic flammulatéa. Tue Fusus-t1ke Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, twisted and recurved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls obtusely angled in the middle, elegantly noduled at the angle, transversely very closely ridged, ridges fine, slightly undulated; light brown, stained here and there with brown flames. Hab. Of a character similar to that of the group figured in Plate IT. ? Species 65. (Mus. Taylor.) Buccinum Errusum. Buc. testd ovato-conicd, tenui, in- flatd, spird breviusculd autem elevatd ; anfractibus obscure planiliratis et minute striatis, labro simplici, effuso ; castaneo-fuscd. THE EFFUSED Buccinum. Shell ovately conical, thin, inflated, spire rather short but elevated, whorls ob- scurely flatly ridged and minutely striated ; lip simple, effused ; chesnut-brown. Hab. > The ridges of this species are of quite a superficial cha- racter. Species 66. (Mus. Taylor.) Bucctnum testupInEuM. Bue. testd ovatd, basi subcon- tortd, spird subobtusd, anfractibus superné depressius- culis, levigatis ; cinered, nigerrimo-fusco tessellaté et Jlammatd; columella rufescente-aurantid, aperture fauce purpureo-nigricante. THE TORTOISE-SHELL Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat twisted at the base, spire rather obtuse, whorls rather depressed at the upper part, smooth; ash-colour, tes- sellated and flamed with black-brown; columella red- dish orange, interior of the aperture purple-black. Martyn, Universal Conch. vol. i. pl. 8. Hab. New Zealand. The B. maculatum has been regarded by most writers as a variety of this species, but M. Deshayes considers that the animals vary sufficiently with the shells to allow of their being separated. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccrnuM MopiricatuM. Buc. testd subobeso-fusiforii, basi contortd et recurvd, anfractibus superné subangu- latis, ad angulum eleganter plicato-nodosis, transversim creberrimé liratis, liris parvis, angustis, leviter undu- latis ; pallidé luteo-fuscescente. THE Moprrrep Bucctnum. Shell somewhat stoutly fusiform, contorted and recurved at the base, whorls slightly angulated towards the upper part, elegantly plicately noduled at the angle, transversely very December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Ptate IX. closely ridged, ridges small, narrow, slightly waved ; pale yellowish brown. Hab. ? This is another species of the peculiar form of that figured above it, and of those represented in Plate II. ; the detail of sculpture is the same in a modified form. Species 68. (Mus. Taylor.) Buccinum opscurum. Bue. testa pyramidali-ovatd, an- fractibus superné depressiusculis, levigatis aut trans- versim obscure liratis; plumbeo-albicante, aperture | fauce purpureo-fusca. THE OBSCURE BucciNnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls rather depressed round the upper part, smooth or transversely obscurely ridged, leaden white, interior of the aperture purple-brown. Hab. > Having somewhat the general aspect of a Planazis. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum cyaneum. Bue. testd ovata, tenui, subinflaté, spird breviusculd, levigatd aut obscure incisd, labro simplici, subeffuso ; plumbed, maculis perpaucis fuscis oblongis tinctd, aperture fauce castaneo-fusca. THE AZURE Bucctnum. Shell ovate, thin, somewhat in- flated, spire rather short, smooth or obsoletely en- graved, lip simple, effused ; lead colour, stained with a very few transversely oblong spots, interior of the aperture chesnut brown. Mutter; Gray MSS. British Museum. Hab. ? A light thin shell of a dull leaden colour exteriorly, and of a deep chesnut interiorly. Species 70. (Mus. Taylor.) BuccinuM citrinum. Bue. testd ovatd, basi truncata et late emarginata, spird breviusculd, anfractibus convexis, levigatis, etate rugosis ; columella brevi, labro tenui, simplici ; pallidé luteo-aurantid. THE CITRON-COLOURED Bucctnum. Shell ovate, trun- cated and widely emarginated at the base, spire rather short, whorls convex, smooth, rough with age, colu- mella short, lip thin, simple; pale yellowish orange. Hab. B Of rather an aberrant form, and which M. D’Orbigny has, I believe, proposed for the type of a new genus. Buceinun FA, Specimens shghtly magmfed BUCCINUM. Prate X. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum BILrratuM. Bue testd fusiformi, basi subcon- tractd, leviter recurvd ; anfractibus liris subtilibus binis undique cingulatis, interstitiis minute cancellatis ; labro crenato ; lutescente, castaneo marmoratda. THE DOUBLE RIDGED Buccinum. Shell fusiform, some- what contracted and a little recurved at the base; whorls encircled throughout by pairs of fine ridges, the interstices between which are minutely cancel- lated; lip crenated; yellow, marbled with chesnut. Hab, Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming. An elegantly sculptured fusiform species with a varicose lip like the small Tritons. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnvum concentricum. Bue. testa fusiformi, basi con- tortd, anfractibus crebré concentricé costatis, costis liris acutis striisque decussatis, liris costas super mucrona- tis ; cerulescente-albd, rufo-fusco variegati. THE CONCENTRIC Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, a little twisted at the base, whorls closely concentrically ribbed, ribs crossed with sharp ridges and_ strie, ridges pointed on the ribs; blueish white, variegated with red-brown. Hab. ? The red-brown colouring is mostly in the interstices between the ribs. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming,) Buccrnum nicricostatum. Bue. testd subfusiformi, basi recurvd, spird acuminatd ; anfractibus concentrice cos- tatis, funiculis subtilibus undique cingulatis ; apertura parva ; olivaceo-luted, costis nigris. THE BLACK-RIBBED Buccrinum. Shell nearly fusiform, recurved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls con- centrically ribbed, encircled throughout with fine cords ; aperture small; olive yellow, ribs black. Hab. Panama (under stones at low water); Cuming. Easily to be recognized by its dark concentric ribs. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Pictum. cata, tenuiculd, levigata, labro simplici, subeffuso ; luteo- Bue. testa elongato-ovata, basi trun- albicante, rufo-castaneo maculata et flammata. THE PAINTED Buccinum. Shell elongately ovate, trun” cated at the base, rather thin, smooth, lip simple, slightly effused ; yellowish white, spotted and flamed with reddish chesnut. Tritonium buccinulum, Martini Conch. Cab. vol. iv. Pode eoplo 2 feel 2ii: Hab. sland of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming. A smooth handsomely painted species, described by Martini in 1780, and since left in obscurity. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum crncunatum. Bue. testd acuminato-ovatd, basi leviter recurvd, levigald, aperturd parva, labro sub- effuso ; plumbeo-fuscd, lineis nigris undique cingulata. THE ENCIRCLED Buccrnum. Shell acuminately ovate, shghtly recurved at the base, smooth, aperture small, lip alittle effused ; leaden-brown, encircled throughout with black lines. ? Hab. The lines which encircle this shell exist only in colour, but are nevertheless seen within the lip. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Fascicutatum. Buc. testd elongato-ovata, basi truncatd, laevigata, politd, obsolete liratd, liris apicem versus distinctioribus ; labro subincrassato, minute cre- nulato ; aurantid, teniis nigris angustis hic illic albi- punctatis regulariter cingulata. THE FINELY-BANDED Bucctnum. Shell elongately ovate, truncated at the base, smooth, polished, or obsoletely ridged, ridges more distinct towards the apex; lip rather thickened, minutely crenulated ; orange, regu- larly encircled with narrow black fillets, dotted here and there with white. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. The dark fillets of this beautiful species are elevated iu ridges on the first one or two whorls, and gradually be- come obsolete towards the margin. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum TRIToNoIpEs. ventricosd, basi truncata, anfractibus levibus, aut obso- let transversim incisis, labro subeffuso, crenulato ; rufo undique maculaté et variegata. Buc. testd elongato-ovatd, sub- December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—Ptate X. Tut TRITON-SHAPED Bucctnum. Shell elongately ovate, rather ventricose, truncated at the base, whorls smooth or obsoletely transversely engraved, lip somewhat effused, crenulated ; blotched and variegated through- out with dark red. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. Allied in form to the species figured above it, but quite distinet im detail. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccInuM T#NIATUM. brevissima, anfractu ultimo peroblongo, transversim Buc. testé oblongo-ovata, spira tenuissime elevato-striato, columella plano-excavatd, callositate parvd superne munitd, labro intus minute denticulato ; castaneo-fuscd, taniis angustis fulvo- aurantiis regulariter cingulatia. Tue FrLLeTeD Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire very short, last whorl very oblong, transversely very finely elevately striated, columella flatly excavated, furnished at the upper part with a small callosity, lip minutely denticulated within; chesnut brown, regularly encircled with narrow fulvous orange fillets. Purpura teniata, Powis, Proceedings Zool.Soe., 1835. p.96. Hab. Maldon Island, Pacific Ocean; Frembly. T refer this species to Buccinwm on account of the callo-— sity and denticles at the upper extremity of the aperture. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccrnuM vextttum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird brevissimd, acutd, anfractu ultimo peroblongo, laevigata aut transversim minutissime incisd ; columella plano- excavatd, callositate parva superné munita, labro intus minute denticulato; rufo-aurantid, fasciis angustis nigris regulariter cingulatd. Tue FLAG Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire very short, sharp, last whorl very oblong, smooth or very minutely transversely engraved; columella flatly ex- cavated, furnished at the upper part with a small cal- losity, lip minutely denticulated within; reddish- orange, regularly encircled with narrow black bands. Strombus vexillum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 222. pl. 157. f. 1504, 1505. Purpura vevillum, Lamarck. Cassidaria vexillum, Kiener. Hab. Island of Ticao, Phiippmes; Cuming. Authors have been somewhat divided as to the generie situation of this singular species, which I have refered to Buccinum for the same reason given in reference to the preceding. M. Kiener’s appropriation of it is inconsistent. Bucetnum Ll XT S34 10 del et hth BUCCINUM. Puate XI. Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum putcnrum. Bue, testd ovatd, medio gibbosd, utrinque attenuata, anfractibus longitudinaliter fortiter tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis, costas super liratis, labro intus denticulato ; caruleo-olivaced. Tae pretty Bucctnum. Shell ovate, gibbous in the middle, attenuated at both ends, whorls longitudinally strongly tubercularly ribbed, transversely striated, ridged across the summit of the ribs ; lip denticulated within ; blueish olive, banded with black, short ridges white, interior of the aperture violet. Hab. Gallapagos Islands; Cuming. The colouring of this species is very characteristic; a livid olive or green crossed by narrow black bands passing between short white ridges surmounting the mbs. Species 81. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Buccinum sourpum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, solidd, basi leviter recurved, spird acuminata ; anfractibus rotun- datis obscure plicato-costatis, transversim subobsolete liratis, interstitiis minutissimé incisis ; apertura parva, fauce sulcaté ; sordide alba, maculis quadratis nigris inter costas uniseriatim cincta, aperture fauce luted. THE sotip Buccinum. Shell ovate, solid, slightly re- curved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls rounded, obscurely plicately ribbed, transversely rather obso- letely ridged, interstices very minutely engraved ; aperture small, interior grooved; dead white, en- circled with a single row of square black spots be- tween the ribs, interior of the aperture yellow. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. Easily recognised by the central row of square black spots; the columella is obscurely plaited, presenting a link with Lurbinellus. Fig. 82 proves on further examination to be identical with Sp. 54. Tor Sp. 82 see Plate XIII. Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum raputum. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, solidi- usculd, basi contractd, contortd et recurvd, levigaté, basi striatd ; alld, epidermide lutescente induta. Tue LirtLe rurNrp Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid, contracted, twisted and recurved at the base, smooth, striated at the base; white, covered with a yellowish epidermis. Hab. Malacea. A stout smooth shell of a form rather foreign to the present genus, though irreferable to any other. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccryum crnis. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovata, basi leviter recurva, anfractibus granulis rugosis undique seriatim decussatis, aperture fauce suleatd, superne callositatibus munitd ; cerulescente-albd, granulis atris. Tu cinpEr Buccrnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, slightly recurved at the base, whorls decussated throughout with rows of rough granules, interior of the aperture grooved, furnished with callosities at the upper part ; blueish white, granules jet black. Hab. Gallapagos Islands (under stones) ; Cuming. The granules of this shell impart a rough touch to it, resembling that of a coal cinder. Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum MActLosum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassd, levigatd, transversim tenuissime et creberrime incisd ; columellaé minute denticulatd, superné callosd, labro intus denti- culato ; olivaceo-fuscd, albo profuse et irregulariter strigaté et maculata. Tue sporrep Buccrnvum. Shell ovate, rather thick, smooth, transversely very finely and closely engraved; colu- mella minutely denticulated, callous at the upper part, lip denticulated within ; olive-brown, profusely and irregularly streaked and spotted with white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.164. Voluta striata, Gmelin. Purpura variegata, Schubert and Wagner. Purpura Gualtieri, Scacchi. Purpura maculosa, De Blainville, Kiener. FBadem, varietas fasciolata. Purpura fasciolaris, Lamarck. Hab. Mediterranean. Dr. Philippi has expressed his opmion in ‘ Wiegman’s Avchives ’, that this species is without doubt (absque ullo dubio) the Buceinum pusio of Linnzeus; I have, however, December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—P tate XI. through the kindness of Mr. Hanley in drawing my atten- tion to it, identified that species with Lamarck’s Fusus articulatus by an examination of the very specimen, in the collection of our Linnean Society, from which the diagnose in the ‘Systema Nature’ was drawn up. It is a specimen of immature growth, in which the dark spots are disposed in longitudinal streaks, in a manner very similar to a figure of the species in Bonanni, to which Linnzeus refers. Gmelin appears to have been the first to notice the B. ma- culosum under the title of Voluta striata, a name which cannot be used as a specific with the present genus, in consequence of its having been already made use of by his predecessors Martyn and Gronovius. M. Deshayes quotes the Voluta Syracusana of Gmelin as synonymous with the present species; but this is unsatisfactory inasmuch as Gmelin refers to the same figure in Bonanni, beyond doubt Lamarck’s F. articulatus, as Linneus does for the B. pusio, and his description agrees with that species although it is equally unfavourable in respect of locality. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) Bucctnum pistortum.- Bue. testd ovatd, crassissimd, ponderosa, spird brevi, desessdé ; anfractibus levibus, apicem versus sulcatis et nodosis, ultimo basi inciso, superné rotundato, distorte elevato, ad aperturam in alam sinuatam extenso; columelld subexcavatd, corru- gata, labro intus sulcato ; albd, castaneo-fusco profuse tincta et variegata. THE DIsToRTED Buccinum. Shell ovate, very thick, ponderous, spire short, sunken; whorls smooth, grooved and noduled towards the apex, last whorl engraved, rounded at the upper part, distortedly ele- vated, extended at the aperture into a kind of sinuated wing; columella alittle excavated, wrinkled, lip grooved within ; white, profusely stained and variegated with chesnut brown. Gray, Wood’s Index Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 7. Hab. Punto, St. Elena, West Columbia; Cuming. A species of curiously distorted growth, reminding one very much of the remarkable 7wrbinella-like shell described by Mr. Hinds in the ‘ Zoology of the Sulphur’ as the type of a new genus, under the name of Cyrtulus. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Livipum. Bue. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, an- fractibus transversim creberrimé elevato-striatis, medio angulatis, ad angulum compressé nodosis ; labro intus denticulato ; livido-fuscd, variegatd, aperture fauce fusca. THE LIVID BUCCINUM. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, whorls transversely very closely elevately striated, angulated in the middle, compressly nodose at the angle; lip denticulated within, livid brown, variegated, interior of the aperture brown. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming. This and the following species belong rather to the den- ticulated group which I have introduced under the head of Ricinula. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Bimucronatum. Bue. testé ovatd, subfusi- formi, anfractibus transversim rude liratis, medio an- gulatis, ad angulum biseriatim nodosis, nodis acute mucronatis ; labro intus denticulato ; cinereo-fusca. THE DOUBLE-POINTED BucctnumM. Shell ovate, some- what fusiform, whorls transversely rudely ridged, angulated in the middle, encircled with two rows of sharp pointed nodules at the angle; lip denticulated within; ashy brown. Hab. Philippines ; Cuming. A stouter shell than the preceding, and more sharply noduled. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) BucctnuM PasTINAca. Buc. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, spire suturis excavatis, anfractibus rotundatis, longi- tudinaliter creberrimé plicato-costatis, costis latiusculis, liris transversis acutis decussatis; columellé minute corrugatd, apertura subrotundd, fauce sulcaté ; alba, epidermide flavescente induta. Tur parsnip Bucctnum. Shell ovate, rather thick, sutures of the spire excavated, whorls rounded, longi- tudinally very closely plicately ribbed, ribs rather broad, crossed with sharp transverse ridges ; colu- mella minutely wrinkled, aperture nearly round; white, covered with a yellowish epidermis. : Hab. Bay of Montija, West Columbia; Cuming. A distinct varix is formed at the lip of this shell after the manner of some of the Zritons. Buccentm. £1 XIT 90 Nb Ia EVE owerby del et hth do BUCCINUM. Prats XII. Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinvM AsstMite. Buc. testd ovata, parvd, transversim creberrimeé liratd, longitudinaliter subobsoleté concen- tricé costatd ; lutescente, purpureo-fusco variegata. THE stm1~ar Buccrnum. Shell ovate, small, transversely very closely ridged, longitudinally rather obsoletely concentrically ribbed; yellowish, variegated with purple-brown. 9 Hab. Very closely allied to the B. D’ Orbignyi of the Mediter- ranean, but seemingly distinct. Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum optraurcostatum. Buc. testa fusiformi, basi subrecurvd, longitudinaliter oblique et creberrimé cos- taté, costis liris parvis decussatis ; labro incrassato ; fusco-rufd, liris transversis subalbidis. THE OBLIQUELY RIBBED Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, re- curved at the base, longitudinally obliquely and very closely ribbed, ribs crossed with small ridges; lip thickened; brown-red, transverse ridges whitish. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. The first of a peculiar fusiform group of which the species represented at Fig. 95, 96 and 97 also belong. Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccitnum pirum. Bue. testa fusiformi, basi leviter re- curva, anfractibus rotundatis, striis rugosis conspicuis elevatis undique cingulatis, aperture fauce sulcata ; intus extusque sordide fusca. THE pisMAL Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, slightly recurved at the base, whorls rounded, encircled throughout with conspicuous elevated rough striz, interior of the aperture grooved; dull brown within and without. ) Hab. The striz with which the entire surface of this species is engraved almost assume the character of fine ridges. Species 93. (Mus. Taylor.) Buccinum EBURNEUM. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovatd, spird acutd, anfractibus superné concavis, ad angulum nodosis, infra obscuré liratis, apertura breviusculd ; intus ex- tusque eburned, epidermide viridi-luted induta. Tur ivory Bucctnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, spire sharp, whorls concave round the upper part, nodose at the angle and obscurely ridged beneath, aperture rather short ; ivory white within and without, covered with a greenish yellow epidermis. ) Hab. A pure white pyramidal shell. Species 94. (Mus. Taylor.) Buccinum Lirrorinoipes. Bue. testd fusiformi, bast subrecurvd, levigatd, labro simplici ; olivaceo-fusci, obscure lineatd, aperture fauce pallide carned. Tue PERIWINKLE-LIKkE Buccinum. Shell fusiform, a little recurved at the base, smooth, lip simple; olive- brown, obscurely lineated, interior of the aperture pale fiesh-colour. Hab. New Zealand; Earl. A smooth sombre looking shell encircled with faint lines. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Marmoratum. Buc. ¢estd subelongato-fusi- formi, basi recurvd ; anfractibus convevis, liris subtili- bus obtusis granosis longitudinalibus et transversis de- cussatis ; rosaceo-albd, rubido-fusco conspicue marmo- rata. THE MARBLE Bucctnum. Shell somewhat elongately fusiform, recurved at the base ; whorls convex, crossed throughout with fine obtuse granulated ridges; pinkish white, conspicuously marbled with reddish-brown. Hab Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming. An interesting species constituting the type of a section of the genus, of which the two following form part. Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccoinum eRacite. Bue. testd gracili-fusiformi, basi canaliculatd et recurvd ; anfractibus medio subangu- latis, liris granosis obtusis longitudinalibus et trans- versis decussatis, labro intus minute denticulato ; albidé, granorum seriebus longitudinalibus aurantio-fuscis. Tur stenpER Buccinum. Shell slenderly fusiform, channelled and recurved at the base; whorls a little angulated in the middle, crossed by longitudinal and December, 1846. BUCCINUM.—P ate XII. ~ transverse obtuse granose ridges, lip minutely denti- culated within ; whitish, longitudinal rows of granules orange-brown. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippine Islands, (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. The granules at the angle are more prominent than the rest, and of rather darker colour. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum crocatum. Buc. testd subelongato-fusiformi, basi canaliculatd et recurvd, longitudinaliter creberrime plicatd, transversim granoso-liratd, labro intus minute denticulato; croceo-aurantid, hie illic albipunctata, striis inter Uiras aurantio-fusco saturatiore. THE SAFFRON-COLOURED Buccrnum. Shell somewhat elongately fusiform, channeled and recurved at the base, longitudinally very closely plicated, transversely granosely ridged, lip minutely denticulated within ; saffron-orange, specked here and there with white, strie between the ridges of a darker orange brown. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming. More deeply coloured than either of the preceding species of this form. Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum TRILINEATUM. Buc. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, basi subrecurvd, anfractibus apicem versus plicato-no- dosis, ultimo levigato, apertura subcontractd, fauce sulcatd ; albida, fasciis duabus, utraque lineis tribus cinereo-nigris compositd, cingulata, THE THREE-LINED Buccrnum. Shell shortly fusiform, a little reeurved at the base, whorls plicately noduled towards the apex, last whorl smooth, aperture some- what contracted, interior grooved; whitish, encircled by two bands each of which is composed of three ashy-black lines. Hab. 2 Easily recognised by the bands of lines which are scarcely sufficiently distinguished in the figure. ‘ Buccinum LAT GU Vie Sowerty del et ith Reeve imp. BUCCINUM. Prate XIII. Species 47. (Fig. Kiener.) Buccinum pisconor. Bue. testd parvi, Oliveformi, vio- laceo-grised, transversim tenuissime striata, spird acutd, superné plicis longitudinalibus distincté ; anfractibus convexiusculis ; aperturd cinered, ovatd; columellé levi ; labro dextro denticulato, intus plicato. THE DIScoLOURED Buccrnum. Shell rather small, Olive- shaped, voilet grey, transversely very finely striated, spire sharp, distinguished at the upper part by longi- tudinal plaits; whorls rather convex ; aperture ash- colour, ovate; columella smooth ; night lip denticu- lated, plaited within. Quoy, and Garmarp, Voy. de lAstrol. pl. 30. f. 23, 25. Hab. Island of Tonga-Tabou. As this species has a characteristic appearance I venture to copy M. Kiener’s figure and description of it ; it is quite unknown to me. Species 100. (Fig. Kiener.) Bucctnum Buarnvrnyu. Bue. testé ovata, elongatd, albescente ; spird acutd, cancellaté, costulis longitudi- nalibus et striis transversis decussatd ; anfractibus an- gustis, in medio carinatis ; aperturé ovatd, violascente ; columella rufescente ; labro dextro intus tenue striato. BLAINVILLE’s Buccrnum. Shell ovate, elongated, whitish, spire sharp, cancellated, decussated with fine longitu- dinal ribs and transverse stria; whorls narrow, keeled in the middle; aperture ovate, pale violet ; columella reddish ; right lip finely striated within. Desnayes, Voy. Bellanger aux Indes Orientales. Buccinum textum, Wood. Buceinum cancellatum, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Malabar. This species I insert also on the authority of M. Kiener, Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) Bocernum cincILtuM. Bue. testd ovatd, spird breviusculd, spire suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus converts, cre- berrime undiqué tenuisulcatis, apertura oblonga ; labro intus denticulato ; rufo-castaned, zonulé angusté alba medio cincta. THE LITTLE GIRDLE Buccrinum. Shell ovate, spire rather short, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls convex, very closely finely grooved throughout ; aper- ture oblong, lip denticulated within; reddish chesnut, encircled round the middle with a narrow white zone. Hab. 19 It should perhaps be observed that there is a small callosity at the upper part of the columella. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Ferreum. Buc. testé acuminato-turritd, sub- Susiformi, anfractibus rotundatis, superne leviter sulca- tis; columellé subcontorté, aperture fauce radiatim tenuilirata ; cinereo-fuscd, nigro obscure spiraliter lineata. THE tRoN Buccrnum. Shell acuminately turreted, some- what fusiform, whorls rounded, slightly grooved round the upper part; columella slightly twisted, interior of the aperture rayed with fine ridges; ashy- brown, obscurely spirally lineated with black. Hab. ? A smooth polished shell of an ashy slate colour, obscurely lineated throughout. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) BUccINUM HYDROPHANUM. tenui, subhyalind, epidermide tenui virescente partin induté ; spird productd, anfractibus rotundatis, levi- bus aut tenuissime concentrice striatis ; columellé brevi, subtruncatd ; cinered aut livido-ceerulescente, intus vivide ferrugineo-castaned. THE HYDROPHANOUS BuccINuM. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, somewhat hyaline, partially covered with a thin pale green epidermis ; spire produced, whorls rounded, smooth or very finely concentrically striated; colu- mella short, somewhat truncated; ash colour or livid blue, bright ferruginous chesnut within. Mancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p- 325. Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison. Buc. testé oblongo-ovatd, A thin bright ferruginous brown shell more or less enveloped with that livid chalky coating, permeable to water, which is in a manner peculiar to Arctic species. February, 1847. _ BUCCINUM.—Ptate XIU. Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinumM PYRAMIDALE. Buc. testd acuminato-turrita, spird valde producté ; anfractibus superne fortiter oblique plicatis et corrugatis, apertura breviusculd ; albida, ferrugineo-luteo tinctd. THE PYRAMIDAL Buccinum. Shell acuminately turreted, spire very much produced ; whorls strongly obliquely plicated and wrinkled round the upper part ; aperture rather short ; whitish, stained with rusty yellow. Hab. ? This appears to be distinct from any of the numerous varieties of B. wndatum. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Tuputosum. Buc. testd ovato-turritd, spird acuminatd, valde productd ; anfractibus rotundatis, e suturis fortiter plicatis, transversim ereberrime tenui- liratis ; apertura brevi, rotundata ; luteo-fuscd, aper- ture fauce albidd, aurantio tinctd. quBuLous Buccinum. Shell ovately turreted, spire acuminated, very much produced ; whorls rounded, strongly plaited from the sutures, trans- versely very closely finely ridged ; aperture short, rounded ; yellowish-brown, interior of the aperture whitish, tinged with orange. P) THE Hab. Distinguished by the rounded tubular structure of the whorls. Species 106. (Fig. Kiener.) Buccrnum DELALANDII. turriculatd, cinered, transversim tenuissime striata, Buc. testé ovato-oblonga, sub- fasciis longitudinalibus undulatis ; spird acutd ; aper- turd ovato-oblongd ; labro levi, albo, dilatato, intus striato, rubescente ; epidermide virescente. DELALAND’s Bucctnum. Shell ovately oblong, some- what turriculated, ash colour, transversely very finely striated, with waved longitudinal bands; spire sharp, aperture ovately-oblong ; lip smooth, white, dilated, striated within, reddish; covered with a greenish epidermis. Kreyer, Icon. coq. viv. p. 15. pl. 5. f. 15. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. This is another species described and figured by M. Kiener as here represented, which is unknown to me; his reference to Chemnitz however is certainly incorrect. Species 107. (Fig. Kiener.) Buccinum Quoyi. Buc. testd ovato-oblongd, fulod, trans- versim plurimum longitudinaliter tenuissime striata ; spird acutd ; columella prominuld ; apertura ovali- formi, rubescente ; labro arcuato, interné striato. Quoy’s Buccinum. Shell ovately oblong, fulvous, trans- versely very numerously and finely longitudinally striated ; spire sharp; columella prominent ; aperture oval-shaped, reddish ; lip arched, striated internally. Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 16. pl. 5. f. 18. Hab. New Zealand. Also transcribed and illustrated from M. Kiener’s ‘Icono- eraphie’, as a characteristic looking species with which I am not acquainted. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccrnum Arurors. Bue. testa ovata, spird breviusculd, anfractibus superné late plano-depressis, regulariter cos- tatis, costis grandibus convexis interstitiis latiusculis, excavatis ; columella et aperture fauce subcorrugatis aut liratis ; albd, epidermide corned anthracina indutd. THE BLACKAMOOR BuccinuM. Shell ovate, spire rather short, whorls broadly flatly depressed round the upper part, regularly ribbed, ribs large, convex, interstices rather broad, excavated; columella and interior of the aperture somewhat wrinkled and ridged ; white, covered with a coal-black horny epidermis. ) Hab. A yemarkable species approximating in form and general character to the Purpura trochlea and its congeners. O09 Buccinum LLXL!~ Reeve imp BUCCINUM. Prats XIV. Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.) BUCCINUM GLANDIFORME. Bue. testé abbreviato-ovaté, anfractibus superné concavo-depressi, nodosis, infra undique striatis ; albidé, ceruleo-plum- beo tinctd, zonuld angustd cinereo-nigricante prope nodulos, columella et aperture fauce cinereo-purpureis. Tur acorn-sHaprep Buccrnum., Shell abbreviately ovate, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, then conspicuously noduled, striated throughout beneath ; whitish, stained with blueish lead-colour, with a narrow ashy black zone near the nodules, columella and interior of the aperture ashy purple. 2 8, deinde conspicue flab. The edge of the lip is slightly sinuated on the nodulous angle. Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.) BuccinuM corruGatum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, an- Sractibus transversim striatis, striis basem versus for- tioribus, superné oblique corrugatis ; pallide spadiced. THE WRINKLED Buccrnum. — Shell oblong-ovate, whorls transversely striated, strie stronger towards the base, obliquely wrinkled round the upper part; light bay colour. Hab. > Peculiarly characterized by the oblique concentric wrinkles. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum RuGatuM. Bue testé Susiformi-ovatd, spird acutd, transversim undique elevato-striatd, longitudi- naliter wregulariter varicosd ; albidd aut Suscescente. THE WRINKLED Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire transversely elevately striated throughout, longitu- dinally irregularly varicose ; whitish or light brown, 2) Hab. A peculiarly formed species in which the varicose growth does not appear to be of accidental occurrence. Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum cretaceum. Buc. testd acuminato-pyramidali, subfusiformi, anfractibus rotundatis, levibus concen- tricé plicatis ; cretaceo-albé, Suscescente tincta. THE CHALKY Buccrnum. Shell acuminately pyramidal, somewhat fusiform, whorls rounded, smooth, concen- trically plicated ; chalky-white, tinged with pale brown Hab ——? Of simple structure, but clearly distinct from any pre- viously described species. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum Cancettartorpes. Bue. testa ovato-fusiformi, tenuiculd, anfractibus supernée rotundatis, concentricd plicato-costatis, transversim incisis 3 lutescente. Tae CaNcELLARIA-LIKE Bucctnum. Shell ovately fusi- form, rather thin, whorls rounded at the upper part, concentrically plicately ribbed, transversely engraved ; yellowish. 2) Hab. Peculiar in form and neatly sculptured. Species 114. (Mus. Hancock.) BuccinuM sERIcATUM. culd, spird brevi; anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter striatis, columelld arcuatd, labro subeffuse ; pallidé castaned, epidermide sericed virescente partim induta. Tub sILk-ctap Buccrnum. Shell globosely ovate, rather thin, spire short; whorls rounded, spirally striated, columella arched, lip somewhat effused ; pale chesnut, partially covered with a light green silken epidermis. Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p- 328 pl. 4. f. 7. Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison. Buc. testé globoso-ovaté, tenui- This species is unknown to me, but I can have no hesi- tation in inserting it on the authority of Mr. Hancock. Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum tortuosum. Bue. testa fusiformi, subtubulosd, tenui, levi, concentricd indistinctd et irregulariter plicatd, basi peculiariter canaliculaté et contracté ; apertura pared, lutescente-alba. THE TWISTED Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, somewhat tu- bulous, thin, smooth, concentrically indistinetly and February, 1847. BUCCINUM.—Ptate XIV. irregularly plicated, peculiarly channelled and con- tracted at the base ; aperture small ; yellowish white. Hab ? A light delicate species in which the whorls are of a tubulous Scalaria-like growth. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) Buccinum LINearE. Bue. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, levi- gata, spird brevi, acuta ; anfractibus superne subcom- | pressis ; columellé arcuatd, superne callosé ; cinereo- aut viridescente-fuscd, lineis nigris inequalibus undique conspicue cingulatd, columella albidd, aperture Sauce purpureo-cinered. THE LINE-DRAWN Buccrnum. Shell ovate, rather thick, smooth, spire short, acute ; whorls somewhat com- pressed round the upper part; columella arched, callous above; ash or greenish brown, conspicuously encircled throughout with unequal black lines, colu- mella whitish, interior of the aperture purple ash. Hab. ? A very characteristic species of solid srowth not much unlike the common periwinkle in general aspect. Species 117. (Mus.,Cuming.) Buccrsum Lacteum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird acutd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis ; columella arcuatd, aperture fauce radiatim liratd ; lacteo-ceru- led, lineis nigricantibus obscuré notatd, aperture fauce luted, purpureo-fusco tinctd, liris radiantibus albis. THE MILKY BuccrnuM. whorls concavely impressed round the upper part ; Shell oblong-ovate, spire sharp, _ columella arched, interior of the aperture radiately ridged; milky-blue, marked with obscure black lines, interior of the aperture yellow, stained with purple- brown, radiating ridges white. Hab. ? This shell is enveloped by a milky coating through which a dark layer of colouring is discovered ; the aperture exhibits a great deal of character, being of a pale yellow ground, distinguished by a rich purple-brown stain over which the radiating ridges are white. Species 118. (Mus. Hancock.) Buccrnum Grenianpicum. Bue. testé oblongo-ovati, tenui, subventricosd, anfractibus superné leviter angu- latis, bicarinatis, longitudinaliter subobscuré plicatis, plicis carinas super nodulosis ; columella subindistincte plicatd, labro subeffuso ; rufescente-spadiced, epidermide viridi-flavd partim induta. Tur GREENLAND Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, somewhat ventricose, whorls slightly angulated round the upper part, two-keeled, longitudinally somewhat obscurely plicated, plaits nodulous in crossing the keels; columella somewhat indistinctly plaited, hp slightly effused ; pale reddish fawn colour, partially covered witha greenish yellow epidermis. Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p. 322. pl. 5. f. 8, and 9. Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison. Another of the interesting additions made to this genus by Mr. Hancock through the dredging exertions of Messrs. Warham and Harrison of Newcastle on Tyne, in the locality above quoted. BUCCINUM. [Lemporary Indew.] Plate. Species. Plate. Species. acuminatum, BYOGErIp c.5..---- Ig 4 fusiforme, (Broderipie ene V. acutinodosum, Reeve .......... IV. 21 Susiforme, Kiener ............. IV. 25 adspersum, Chemnitz .......... Til. 16 Fusoides, Reeve .............. 101, 9 Althiops, Reeve .............. XIII. 108 gemmatum, Reeve ............ VIL. 49 affine; Gmelinease). ss. asses. VIL. 55 glaciale, Linneus............. HI. 18 alveolatum, Kiener ............ V. 37 glandiforme, Reeve ............ XIV. 109 amygdala (Purp.), Kiener ...... VIII. 60 praciley Reeve ses. ee XU 96 anomalum, Reeve............. VIII. 54 Greenlandicum, Hancock ....... XIV. 118 Anglicanum, Martini .......... IV. 23 hemastoma (Pollia.), (Cp ocace WIL 46 angulosum, Gray ............. Ii. 18 Humphreysianum, Beunett .... . . Ik 1 Antarcticum, Reeve............ V. 30 hydrophanum, Hancock ........ XIII. 103 assimile, Reeve... ............ XI. 90 ep eral es eee ec a eee Tif 8 nclbineh JO ee oecochadesoce Wildl 52 INSIGNISNeheCre en ae VIII. 58 balteatum, Reeve ............. VIII. 59 intinctum, Reeve.............. We 32 bihratum, Reeve .............. X& 71 Labradorense, Reeve .......... Ve 5 bimucronatum, Reeve.......... XI. 88 Jacteum, Reeve ............... XIV. 117 Blainvillii, Deshayes........... XIII. 100 lagenarium (Purp.), Lamarck.... V. 33 Cancellarioides, Reeve .......... XIV. 113 lautum, Reeve................ TEX 63 Cassidarizeforme, Reeve ........ IDK, 11 ligatum, Kiener .............. IV. 22 ciliatum, O. Fabricius.......... 1, 1 limbosum (Purp.), Lamarck .... V. 35 cimeulatum:) Reeve! ae exe 75 lineolatum, Lamarck .......... V. 36 cingillum, Reeve.............. XIII. 101 lineare, Reeve................ XIV. 116 CINISMLeeue rahe ee ee ee XI. 84 ligneum, Reeve............... VIII. 57 ciirinums cere = ae 1X 70 Littorinoides, Reeve ..... 2... XII. 94 concentricum, Reeve........... Xe 72 lina(shhien, (P20) oossauacnencac, vil 87 contractum, Reeve ............ VIII. 53 maculatum, Martyn ........... III. 16 corrugatum, Reeve ............ XIV. 110 maculosum, Lamarck .......... XI. 85 Coromandelianum, Lamarck .... IX. 62 marmoratum, Reeve ........2 XII. 95 costatum, Quoy.............. IN. 20 melanostoma, Sowerby ......... Il. 15 eretaceum, Reeve.............. XIV. 112 Mexicanum, Bruguitre ....... .. ID. 22 crocatums Reeve... 5.255. 0. XII. of modestum, Powis............. IV. 19 cyaneum, Moller... -52.0..5.. Xe 69 modificatum, Reeve ........... IX. 67 Delalandii, Kiener ............ XIII. 106 Mollenyeecoe yee ane Ve 29 GiiWMN, WAP seeocesouseeress Dll 92 Nassoides, Reeve.............. Il. 12 Ghi@ollere, (WEP osadacdacecusnc XIII. 99 nigricostatum, Reeve .......... X. 73 distortum, Gray.............. XI. 86 Norvegicum, Ene. Méth......... IV. 23 Donayaniss Gaye eee ie 2 obliquicostatum, Reeve......... XI. 91 D’Orbignyi, Parandeau ........ VII. 44 WCU, TEA Soccncoaesaan IDS 68 eburneum, Reeve ............. XII. 93 OUD, ID ce oo covenonecest IV. 25 Gin, WIAA bso oogheceacoes IDS 65 pagodus, Reeve............... \ Al; 50 erythrostoma, Reeve........... TI. 14 papyraceum, Brugiére ......... IV. 24. fasciculatum, Reeve ........... X. 76 pastinaca, Reeve .............. OE 89 AEMEUIN PLCCUCI I sete eae XII. 102 jatennn, JAE. oo capo onaneaue XG 74 Francolinus (Pwrp.) Lamarck ... © VI. 41 plumatum, Gmelin ............ VI. 43 funiculatum, Reeve ............ WAG, 61 plurianulatum, Reeve .......... V.~ 38 porcatum, Gmelin........ PUISUIS, DES AYE8: <. ore = oem = 1 ose = IPT OLEUSs LCCUE Ne «= ve vialeteleie pulchrum, Reeve ........ pusio, Linn@us ........... pyramidale, Reeve ........ Quoyaekeenen eee TOMI, SOFA vals 6566 6 SH HOH s ids, JURA Gan oan ees rubiginosum, Reeve ...... rugatum, Reeve ......... serratum, Dufresne....... sericatum, Hancock ...... sertum Bruguiére ........ Seis IIS Gasoagessbecose Sink’, J22208 S onepoaoede- solidum, Reeve .......... solutum, Dillwyn ........ spadiceum, Reeve ........ spirale (Pollia), Gray......... striatum, Pennant ....... BUCCINUM. Species. Plate. 22 teniatum (Purp.), Powis ....... VI. 39 tenebrosum, Hancock .......... VIl. 51 ay CoS o-65 babgocnansas XI. 80 testudineum, Martini .......... VI. 43 tortuosum, Reeve ... XII. 104 trilineatums Reeve! 55s Se sees XIII. 107 Tritonoides, Reeve............ XI. 83 (RRO UNS, JHA oo Gab oo oodo oe VII. 45 TUDUIOSUMEPARCere rene eee Vil. 47 turgidum, Dillwyn ............ XIV. lil Tranquebaricum, Martini ...... VI. 39 undatum, Linn@eus ............ XIV. 114 undosum, Jinmmeus............ Wile 42 ustulatum, Reeve ............- I. 6 varicosum (Murex.), Chemnitz . . WIE 40 variegatum (Pollia.), Gray ..... XI. 81 ventricosum, Kiener ..........- I, z vexillum (Stromé.), Chemnitz... . IX. 64 viverratum, Kiener ...........- Ill. 13 eulgare, Wa Costa ....:::...--. Uf, 3 Zealandicum, Reeve ...........- ERRATA. Plate V. Sp. 29,—for B. ciliatum, read B. Molleri. Sp. 38,—for B. plurianulata, read B. plurianulatum. Plate IX. Sp. 64,—for B. Fusordes, read B. spadiceum. Species. Plate I NA aS am Seti eaepliciaephoaia fennctae Sous See conte ee es ears Sia serpin eee ene ee Fag ese eo LI ped Sede og penne ater Ea pre ote pare : ees Saige an fer eat et ecpapa trae ge enone ss ane