Se eames rae i POI lek elie eee cack n ot oe me whe eee + William Healey Dall 4g Div ision of Mollusks onal Library So as St Ts ia ae | ~® ' 7 - ee 4 7 7 i are - 7 7 a 7 7 ~~ 7 _ 7 - } i?’ ij i f if : : 7 6 : : - wa i a a a} ' 7 ’ 7 - i - iss a 2 - ) oF - 7 = - - ce : : 7 - > ” 7 i ss . i. >a 7 - 2 7 _ 7 > 7 - at ’ - - s ® o 7 ; ay ke > ne 7 e 6 an ai 7 ‘rn i) aac f 7 : i) : ; : ) = : / -” ’ 7 Oa - - — . _ a - < _ = i aan ‘4 » ‘ - - 7 ’ 7 - ~*~ i i : : _ . : _ 7 - ry : an + - o a ° i > 7 , a > @ - € 7 - - - 7 s . - - _ a 7 7 ) , 7 ——- : ; = 7 Ff 7 - 7 5 - : - 2 7 ae L_ ay - . 7 7: - - 7 i 7 “aA ” {> _ J a = = a ; . ’ , ; mn 7 ; - - 0 - 7 rf! { a - j ' , : iJ “ : ‘ : . 7 vwte- 7— . A . _ 7 . Te i] : v : ° : a J CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: OR, ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. VOL. VII. CONTAINING A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS jl Oud BED, BY LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBERG, AND OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURA! HISTORY OF NEW YORK, “But who hath praise enough? Nay, who hath any ? None can express Thy works but he that knows them And none can know Thy works, which are so many / And so complete, but only He that owes them.”—Her/ LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1854. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUREN 8TREET, LINCOLN'’S INN FIELDS. W JUN 14 1957 LIBRARY MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS fe aE il Xe “ In wood or grove, by mossy fountain-side In valley or green meadow.’ —Ji/t _ - * - , 7 7 7 + 7 - 7 7 7 7 Os : * ' . . - = 7 ‘ : : - a 7 — @ s ; r * ) * - A = . _ : a - , : fe 4 ’ & 7 > Pe: . os : : ; 1-3 xe , ; a ‘ 1a : 4 = : ‘ 7 7 Helix, 1711 HELIX. Pate |. Species 1. (Fig. 1, 2,4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ovum. Hel. testdé subumbilicatd, globoso-depressé, oblique striata et irregulariter rugosa, lineis impressis, apice confertissimis, in anfractu ultimo remotis et irre- gularibus subdecussatd, nonnunquam rugoso-malleatd, obtuse carinata, fulvo-castaned, interdum fascid supra carinam pallida, infra carinam purpureo-nigricante ornatd ; suturis canaliculatis; anfractibus quingue, superné tumidis, ultimo ad columellam excavato ; aper- turd lunato-ellipticd, intus nitide lacted ; peristomate simplici, crasso, margine dextro arcuatim dilatato. Tue EGG Heix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, globosely depressed, obliquely rugose, subdecussated with im- pressed lines, very close-set at the apex, remote and irregular on the last whorl, sometimes roughly in- dented, obtusely keeled, fulvous chestnut, sometimes encircled with a pale band above the keel, tinged with purple-black below the keel; sutures channelled ; whorls five, swollen at the upper part, the last whorl excavated about the columella; aperture lunar-ellip- tical, shining white within; lip simple, thick, right edge arcuately dilated. VALENCIENNES, Voy. Humboldt and Bonpland, Zool. vol. ii. p. 242. pl. 56. f. 4. Helix Otaheitana, Pérussac. Helix meridionalis, Wood. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Panay, Philippines; Cuming. The three specimens here figured represent the extreme varieties of the species, Fig. 4 being the type, Fig. 1 the variety 8 of Pfeiffer, and fig. 2 the variety y of the same author. In the first the whorls are broad and compressed, in the second they are more swollen and encircled by a band of light epidermis. The third variety is chiefly re- markable for its wrinkled indented scwpture. At first they seemed to represent so many distinct species, and are numbered accordingly in the plate, but upon further examination they prove to be, as defined by Pfeiffer, different states of the same. ; The specimen of H. ovum figured by M. Valenciennes in Humboldt and Bonpland’s Voyage, from the collection of a gentleman who resided at Manilla, is a dead bleached shell deprived of its epidermis. For Sp. 2 and 4, see Pl. IX. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix saGirtirera. Hel. testé subumbilicata, depressd, oblique striaté et obsoletéd rugosa, fulvd, maculis sagit- tiformibus et ad carinam obsoletam fascia unica rufa ornata ; suturis impressis, ad anfractum ultimum sub- canaliculatis ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, plani- usculis, ultimo inflato ; apertura perobliqua, lunato- ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate simplici, ad columel- lam subincrassato, vie reflero, margine supero deflexo. THE ARROW-HEAD-MARKED Hextx. Shell sub-umbili- cated, depressed, obliquely striated and obsoletely wrinkled, fulvous, ornamented with arrow-headed marks and an obsolete red band at the keel; sutures impressed, rather channelled in the last whorl ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, last whorl in- flated ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, white within ; lip simple, rather thickened about the columella, but little reflected, upper edge deflected. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 86. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The arrow-head marks in this species are exceedingly characteristic; they are sometimes nearly obsolete, but, however faint, are sufficient to distinguish the species. March, 1851. Helix, Ft. Hf BeBe hx. Prats IT. Species 5. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx sarcrnosa. Hel. testd imperforata, ovato-globosd, sublevigatd, absque nitore, coloribus varia, nunc vires- cente aut brunned, nunc flavo-brunned, fascid fusco-rubra | medio cingulatd, epidermide varid ; spird late conoided, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quinque, conveaiusculis, ultimo | magno, inflato, interdum obsolete angulato ; columellé rosea, subrectd, basi intortd, subtruncatdé; apertura | lunato-subovali, intus nitide lacted ; peristomate vio- | lascente-rubro, expanso, reflexiusculo, marginibus callo tenui, nitido, introrsum diffuso, junctis. THe BURDENSOME Heurx. Shell imperforated, ovately globose, nearly smooth, without glitter, various in | colour, sometimes greenish or brownish, sometimes yellowish-brown, encircled round the middle with a brown-red band, epidermis variable; spire broadly conoid, obtuse at the apex, whorls five, rather convex, the last whorl large, inflated, sometimes obsoletely angled ; columella pinkish, nearly straight, twisted at the base, slightly truncated ; aperture lunar-suboval, shining milk-white within ; edge of the lip violet-red, expanded, slightly reflected, margins joined by a thin shining callosity diffused inwards. Fervussac, Prodrome, p. 323, Hist. Moll. pl. 109. f. 1-3. Hab. \slands of Masbate, Guimaras, and Negros, Philip- pines. This fine species is extremely variable both in colour and in the pattern afforded by the layers of epidermis, di- vested of which, it has the appearance represented by Férussae. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TURBINOIDES. bosd, lineis incrementi oblique striata, viridi, fasciis Hel. testa imperforata, conico-glo- albis hydrophanis cingulatd, apice saturate fulvo- rubra ; spird obtuse conicé; anfractibus quinque, tu- midis, ultimo spiram subequante ; columella arcuatéa, purpureo-fuscd ; aperturd lunato-subovali, fere circu- lari, intus nitidissimé lacted ; peristomate simplici, re- Jlexo, brunneo-marginato. THE TOP-LIKE Hewrx. Shell imperforated, conically globose, obliquely striated with lines of growth, green, encircled with white hydrophanous bands, dark ful- vous-red about the apex; spire obtusely conical ; whorls five, swollen, the last nearly equal to the spire ; columella arched, purple-brown ; aperture lunar-sub- oval, nearly circular, glittering milk-white within ; edge of the lip simple, reflected, purple-brown. BrovertP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840. p. 23. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The colouring of this elegantly formed species, a rich blue-green, varies only a very little in shade. The spiral bands differ according to the arrangement of the epidermis. March, 1851. HELIX. Priate III. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx cryprica. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-depressi, solidd, striata, rugis obliquis sculptd et lineis elevatis cincté, purpureo-brunned, epidermide fusculd indutd ; spird brevi, nudé ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo medio angulato, antice descendente ; columella declivi, valdd dilataté, carned ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali, intus argenteo-cerulescente ; peristomate laté expanso, incrassato, refleco, carneo-livido. Tue concEaLep Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, solid, striated, sculptured with oblique wrinkles and encircled with raised lines, purple- brown, covered with a brownish epidermis; spire short; whorls four, rather convex, last whorl slightly angled in the middle, descending anteriorly ; colu- mella slanting, much dilated, flesh-tinted ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, silvery-bluish within; edge of the lip thickened, reflected, livid flesh-colour. BropeEriP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 22. Hab. (sland of Samar, Philippines ; Cuming. This species is of a rounded form, and has a peculiar elaucous-livid roughened surface. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix porpoyria. Hel. testd perforata, depress, solidd, oblique rugoso-striatd, rufa, maculis et strigis creber- rimis, flavido-albidis, subprominulis marmoratd, cari- natd, infra carinam fusco-fasciatd, bast olivaceo-fulva, nitidiore ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis, regulariter accrescentibus, ultimo circa perforationem apertam excavato ; aperturaé subrhombed ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margine columellart arcuatim reflexo. Tur porpnyry Hewrx. Shell perforated, depressed, solid, obliquely roughly striated, red, marbled with rather prominent close yellowish-white blotches and streaks, keeled, banded with brown below the keel, fulvous-olive and more shining at the base; whorls four to five, rather flattened, regularly increasing, the last excavated around the umbilicus; aperture sub- rhomboid; edge of the lip simple, thin, arcuately reflected over the columellar margin. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. $7. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines ; Cuming. The upper surface of the shell is neatly characterized by a mottled disposition of the epidermis. Species 9. (Mus, Cuming.) Heuix nepatica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressiuscula, striis confertis spiralibus et obliquis minute decussata, subcarinata, fumeo-castaned, apicem versus rufescente, ad carinam zonulé fuled cingulata, infra saturatiore, subtus olivaced ; spird parum exserld ; anfractibus qua- tuor, planiusculis ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, margine supero inflexo, columellari valde? dila- tato-reflexo. THE LIVER-coLoURED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, minutely decussated with close-set spiral and oblique stria, slightly keeled, smoky-chestnut colour, reddish towards the apex, encircled with a narrow yellow zone at the keel, darker below, olive underneath ; spire but little exserted ; whorls four in number, rather flattened ; aperture lunar-oval ; edge of the lip simple, upper margin inflected, columellar margin dilately reflected back. Hab. Bulinao, Province of Zambales, Island of Luzon (under decayed leaves) ; Cuming. This species is always distinguished from 1. dulla, to which it is nearest allied, by its peculiar smoky-brown colour, its narrow yellow keel-zone, and firmer growth. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx tarirans. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depressa, solid, longitudinaliter striatd, sulcis concentricis obso- let? notata, atro-rufescente, epidermide tenui, flacescente- grised induté, medio rufo-fasciatd ; spira brevi; an- fractibus quatuor, converiusculis, ultimo obsoleté angu- lato; columelld declivi, lata, plana, fusco-carnea ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali, intus nitidd, livida ; peristomate intus fusco-carneo, late expanso, tenuius- culo, vir reflexo, marginibus callo nitido junctis, supero arcuato, basali cum columellari angulum formante. Tue LURKING Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, solid, longitudinally striated, obsoletely marked with concentric grooves, black-red, covered with a thin yellowish-grey epidermis, red-banded about the middle; spire short; whorls four, rather March, 1851. HELIX.—Ptare II. convex, the last obsoletely angled; columella slanting, broad, flat, brownish-flesh ; aperture rather oblique, lunar-oval, livid and shining within; edge of the lip brown-flesh within, broadly expanded, rather thin, but little reflected, margins joined by a thin shining callous layer, forming an angle at the base with the columella. BropertP, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 3. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. This fine species is of a dark mahogany-colour, the epi- dermis showing chiefly below the periphery of the last whorl. The lip is broadly expanded and of a strong flesh-tint. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) He1rx monocuroa. el. testd profunde umbilicatd, semi- globosi, tenuiusculd, pallid? brunned, interdum rufo varie fasciaté, minutd rugulosé ; spird mediocri; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo rufo bifasciato ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate extus caruleo-fusco, subincrassato, refleco, columellari crasso, late expanso, umbilicum semitegente. THE YELLOW-TINGED Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, semiglobose, rather thin, pale yellowish-brown, some- times variously banded with red, minutely wrinkled ; spire middling; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last red-banded; aperture very oblique, lunar- oval, milk-white within; lip blue-brown without, rather thickened, reflected; columella thick, broadly expanded, half-covering the umbilicus. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 1. Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines; Cuming. Of rather globose form, of a peculiar yellowish tinge, with a livid blue-white lip. Species 12. (Mus, Cuming.) Hexix capucior. Hel. testd oblique umbilicatd, de- pressd, carinatd, supra carinam minute granulatd, infra minute rugulosd, pallide olivaced, fascid angustaé nigricante ; spird parum elevatd ; anfractihus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis et minutd decussatis ; aper- turd lat2 ellipticé, intus opalind ; peristomate sim- plici, tenui, dilatato, umbilicum obliquum semitegente. Tue more BritrLe Hexrx. Shell obliquely perforated, depressed, keeled, minutely granulated above the keel, wrinkled below it, light olive, with a narrow blackish band below the keel; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, rather flat and minutely decus- sated ; aperture broadly elliptical, interior opaline ; lip simple, thin, dilated at the columella, reflected, half-covering the oblique umbilicus. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines; Cuming. Of thin brittle substance and yellowish-olive hue, mi- nutely granulated above, minutely wrinkled below. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix cretata. Hel, testd umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, solidd, sub epidermide griseo-flavida, sepe obscure zonata, nitide atro-rufescente ; spird subelevatd, semiglobosa, strigis epidermidis variegatd ; anfractibus quatuor, con- vexis, ultimo lineis elevatis, concentricis cincto et irre- gulariter malleato ; columelld declivi, strictiusculd, dilatatd, plana, albd vel rubellé; apertura ampla, lunato-ovali, intus iridescente; peristomate lat2 ex- panso, reflexo, margine supero arcuato, basali cum colu- mellari angulum obtusum formante. Tue cHaLKy Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, solid, shining dark red, covered with a_yel- lowish-grey epidermis, often zoned; spire somewhat raised, semiglobose, variegated with streaks of epi- dermis ; whorls four, convex, the last encircled with raised lines and irregularly dented; columella slant- ing, rather drawn out, dilated, flat, white or reddish ; aperture large, lunar-oval, iridescent within; lip broadly expanded, reflected, upper edge arched, basal edge forming an obtuse angle with the columella. BropertP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 23. Hab. Island of Leyte, Philippines; Cuming. The surface of this shell, covered with a thick chalky epidermis, is peculiarly dented throughout. Helix, Pl. IV HE EX. Prats IV. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix stovernora. el. testd umbilicatd, subdiscoided, sublevigatd, oblique striatd, obtuse angulatd, superné depressd, pallidissime carneo-fulvescente, basi convexd, infra angulum fascia rufa, deorsum pallescente, reti- culato-striata circumdatéd ; anfractibus quatuor, pla- niusculis ; apertura perobliqud, valde depressa ; peri- stomate vix incrassato, marginibus callo umbilicum fere tegente junctis. Tue roBpep Hetix. Shell umbilicated, subdiscoid, rather smooth, obliquely striated, obtusely angled, depressed at the upper part, very light flesh-brown, base convex, surrounded with a red band beneath the angle, then pale and reticulately striated ; whorls four, rather flat; aperture very oblique, very depressed ; lip scarcely thickened, margins joined by a callous layer, which nearly covers the umbilicus. VaLENcrENNES, Voy. Humboldt and Bonpland, Zool. p. 242. pl. 56. f. 4. Helix buphthalmus, Férussac. Hab. New Spain; Valenciennes. Distinguished chiefly by its depressly flattened growth and purplish flesh-brown colouring. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Buia. Hel. testd subumbilicata, globoso-depressd, tennissimd, pellucida, striis confertis spiralibus et obli- quis minute decussatd, subcarinatd, pallidé fuled, ad carinam rufo-cingulatéd ; suturis vix impressis ; spird parum exserla; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, intus iridescente, unifas- ciaté ; peristomate simplici, margine supero introrsum flexo, columellari vix expanso. Tue BuBBLE Hexrx. Shell sub-umbilicated, globosely depressed, very thin, pellucid, very closely decussated with close-set spiral and oblique striz, slightly keeled, light fulvous, encircled with a red band at the keel; sutures slightly impressed ; spire but little ex- serted ; whorls four, rather flattened ; aperture lunar- rounded, iridescent and one-banded within; lip simple, upper edge slightly inflected, columellar edge very little expanded. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 151. Hab. Province of Albay, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. A very slight transparent shell, similar in form and design to 1. hepatica. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Exits. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subdiscoided, cari- natd, pellucidd, tenerd, pallid? fulvidd, supern2 de- pressd, argut? striatd, subtus convexiore, striis minus distinctis ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultima non descendente, fascid angustd, rufa, infra carinam ornato ; area umbilicali interdum rufo-fuscd ; apertura latd, ellipticd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columel- lari brevissimeé reflexo. THe sLENDER Hewix. Shell sub-umbilicated, discoid, keeled, pellucid, light, pale fulvous, depressed at the upper part, prominently striated, more convex beneath, with the striae less distinct; whorls six in number, rather flattened, the last not descending, ornamented with a narrow red band beneath the keel; area of the umbilicus sometimes reddish-brown ; aperture broad, elliptical; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge very shortly reflected. Mutter, Verm. vol. ii. p. 22. Helix explanata, Quoy. Hab. New Guinea; Quoy. Cuming. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; The upper convex surface of this shell is remarkable for its crowded concentric striz. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Zeus. Hel. testd oblique umbilicatd, suidepresso- convexd, solidd, rugis obliquis striisque spiralibus ele- vatis sculptd, rufa, strigis albis fulminatis superne ornatd; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis, ultimo basi convexo, medio angulato, infra carinam sulcis pro- fundis concentricis excavato; aperturdé perobliqua, subtrapeziformi ; peristomate acuta, recto, margine colu- mellari brevi, supra umbilicum reflexo. THE RAIN-SHOWER Hexrx. Shell obliquely umbilicated, somewhat depressly convex, solid, sculptured with oblique wrinkles and raised spiral strim, red, orna- mented about the upper part with zigzag streaks ; whorls four to five, convex, the last convex at the base, angled in the middle, ploughed with deep con- . centric grooves beneath the keel; aperture very March, 1851. HELIX.—Puare IV. oblique, subtrapeziform ; lip sharp, straight, columel- lar edge short, reflected over the umbilicus. Jonas, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 188. Hab. \sland of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. This is a very distinct species, first, in form, owing to a peculiar depression of the sutures ; secondly, in marking, which consists of a shower of zigzag marks upon a dark chestnut ground. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix napa. Hel. testa oblique umbilicatd, convezo-ro- tundaté, lineis concentricis sulcis spiralibus decussatd, pallid2 olicaceo-fuscé ; anfractu ultimo fascia angusta castaned cingulato, subtus undique minulé malleato ; spiré subelecatd ; apertura obliqua, lunato-ovali ; peri- stomate simplici, margine columellari breviter dilatato, Tue nave Hewrx. Shell obliquely umbilicated, convexly rounded, decussated with concentric lines and spiral grooves, pale olive-brown; last whorl encircled with a narrow chestnut band, minutely indented throughout beneath ; spire rather raised; aperture oblique, lunar oval; lip simple, columellar edge shortly dilated, nearly covering the umbilicus, Mo.tex, Verm. vol. ii. p. 67. Hos. (sland of Amboyna; Beck. This species is referred to Miiller’s 1. rapa, but it is difficult, out of the several allied species now known, to say which is the original type. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Mowers. Hel. testa viz umbilicalé, convero-or- hiculaté, subcarinatd, solidd, fulcd, basi saturatiore, infra carinam fascia laté rufa notatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, supremis planis, minutd rugoso-re- ticulatis, ullimo versus aperturam convexo, irregula- riter malleato-rugoso ; aperturd lunato-ovali ; peri- stomate simplici, margine supero subinflexo, columellari breviter expanso, perforationem tegente. Mviier’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, convexly orbicular, slightly keeled, solid, fulvous, darker at the base, marked with a broad red band beneath the keel ; whorls four to five, upper ones flattened, minutely rugosely reticulated, last whorl convex towards the aperture, irregularly roughly indented ; aperture lunar- oval; lip simple, upper edge slightly inflected, colu- mellar edge shortly expanded, covering the umbilicus. Prererer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1844, p. 178. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Of an orbicular form, with a rather roughly indented surface. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Lamarckrans. Hel. testd oblique umbilicata, de- press, subcarinata, tenui, supra carinam minute granu- losd, infra rugulosd, olivaceo-rufa, infra carinam fascia nigro-rufa, deorsum dilutd, ornata ; suturis impressis ; spird parum elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, supremis planiusculis, minutissime decussatis et mal- leatis ; apertura late ellipticd, intus lacted vel opalind ; peristomate simplici, tenui, ad columellam dilatato, re- Sflexo, umbilicum obliquum semitegente. Lamarck’s Hexrx. Shell obliquely umbilicated, de- pressed, irregularly striated and wrinkled, olive-red, ornamented with a black-red band beneath the keel, then fading; sutures impressed; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, the uppermost rather flat, indented and very minutely decussated; aperture broadly elliptical, milk-white or opaline within; lip simple, thin, dilated and reflected at the columella, half-covering the oblique umbilicus. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. vii. p. 461. pl. 12. f. 11. Hab. \sland of Masbate, Philippines ; Cuming. A bold, rather solid shell, with the upper surface thickly rudely indented. - _ " > Helix, Fl. V. HELIX. Puate V. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Norrist. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressd, solidd, obsolet2 malleatd, glabra, fulco-citrind, zonis opacis, candidis, et infra suturas maculis irregu- laribus albis notatd ; spird semiglobosé ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, converis, ultimo ad columellam latam, callosam, arcuatim prolongatam, excavato ; apertura lunato-subcirculari, intus lacted ; peristomate crasso, latissimé expanso. Norris’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, solid, obsoletely indented, smooth, fulvous-lemon, with opake white epidermis zones, and marked with irregular white epidermis spots below the sutures ; spire semiglobose; whorls four to five, convex, the last excavated at the broad, callous, arcuately pro- longed columella; aperture lunar-subcircular, white within ; lip thick, very broadly expanded. SoweErsy, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 85. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. This delicate species comes very near H. pulcherrima, but is certainly distinct. It is always of a clear uniform fulvous lemon-colour, zoned and blotched with opake white epidermis. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx pusiosa. Hel. testé imperforatd, depresso-globosd, tenui, obsolete malleatd, fulva, fascia suturali et area columellari nigro-rufis, fasciisque plurimis epidermidis hydrophane albide ornaté ; spird subsemiglobosd ; an- Sractibus quatuor, converiusculis, celeriter accrescenti- bus; columellé planulatd, declivi; apertura lunato-ro- tundata, peristomate tenui, albo, late expanso, viv re- flexiusculo, margine basali cum columella angulum ob- soletum formante. THE povusTruL Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, thin, obsoletely indented, fulvous, ornamented with black-red in bands and in columellar area, and with numerous white epidermis bands and lines; spire sub-semiglobose ; whorls four in number, rather convex, enlarging rapidly; columella flattened, slanting; aperture lunar-rounded; lip thin, white, | ' broadly expanded, scarcely reflected, basal margin forming an obsolete angle with the columella. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 123. Helix decipiens, var. Sowerby. Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines ; Cuming. This species is distinct from the following, but it comes very near to H. miradilis, so much so as to make it doubtful whether it is distinguished by anything more than a diffe- rent kind of epidermis. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX DECIPIENS. Hel. testa imperforata, subglobosa, tenui, levi, non nitente, pellucida, fulcd vel sulphureé, epidermide hydrophana alba strigata et fasciatd ; spird subelata ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; columella alba, subarcuata ; aperturé lunato-subcirculari, intus lacted ; peristomate expanso. THE DECEPTIVE Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, smooth, not shining, pellucid, fulvous or sul- phurous, streaked and banded with white hydro- phanous epidermis; spire slightly raised; whorls four, rounded; columella white, subarcuate; aper- ture lunar-subcircular, white within ; lip expanded. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 96. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Several of Mr. Sowerby’s varieties are to be excluded from this species, which is of light substance, streaked longitudinally with broken lines of white hydrophanous epidermis. Species 24. (Fig. a, 4,c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Pan. Hel. testa imperforata, conoideo-globosa, ob- ligué striata, epidermide hydrophand ubique obductd, albida vel fusca, zonis variis fulvis et nigricantibus ornatad ; spird elaté; anfractibus quingue, planius- culis; columella subrecte descendente, albida, dila- tata ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate angusté reflexo, intus brunneo vel albido. Tue Pan Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conoid-globose, obliquely striated, covered everywhere with hydro- phanous epidermis, whitish or brown, ornamented with various fulvous and blackish zones; spire raised; whorls five, rather flattened; columella nearly straight, descending, whitish, dilated; aper- ture lunar-oval, white within; lip narrowly reflected, brownish or whitish within. March, 1851. ce HELIX.—Puate V. i , Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 23. data, intus alba; peristomate lato, reflexo, valde in- Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines; Cuming. crassato, vitellino. Tue GOLDEN-Lip Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather thick, obliquely striated, pale rose- tinted, covered with an olive-yellow shining epider- mis; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, convex, the last much inflated; columella very oblique, dilated, entering deeply, slightly excavated, egg-yolk coloured; Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) aperture lunar-rounded, white within; lip broad, ‘ 2 reflected, much thickened, egg-yolk coloured. Fae, : Flu es fe ned : sheen Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 3. mide nitidd oli lated indulé,; epiré. obiuad ; on- Hab. \sland of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, converis, ultimo valde A fine solid shell, remarkable for its brilliant golden- inflato ; columella perobligud, dilatatd, profund2 in- | yellow colouring and shining horny epidermis, without trante, subexcavaté, vitellind ; aperturd lunato-rotun- | pattern or marking. This is more covered with epidermis than most species. The rich-brown bands are variously disposed, and the lip has a livid purplish tinge. Helix, PL. VI ——— = — —_ foe * EM st OR Se are STS WGA RK oeeees nh TX. Prare VI. Species 26. (Fig. @ to &, Mus. Cuming.) HeLix putcuerrta. Hel. testd subglobosd, imperforatd, unicolore vel coloribus variis pulchré pictd, plerumque epidermide albidéi elegantissimée reticulato-fasciata ; spird parvuld, obtuse conoided, apice nitide sanguinea ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, converis, ultimo valde inflato, ad columellam excavato ; columella obliqud, albido-callosd, superné obsolete unidentaté ; apertura lunato-circulari, intus nitidissima ; peristomate sim- plici, expanso. THE VERY BEAUTIFUL Hextrx. Shell imperforated, sub- globose, of one uniform colour, or beautifully painted with various colours, generally very elegantly reticu- lately banded with a whitish epidermis; spire rather small, obtusely conoid, shining blood-rose tint at the apex; whorls four to five, convex, last whorl much inflated, excavated at the columella; columella ob- lique, white and callous, obsoletely one-toothed at the upper part; aperture lunar-circular, very shining within ; lip simple, expanded. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 90. Hab. Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The colours and varieties of epidermis-pattern ex- hibited in this beautiful species are so numerous, that the accompanying ten figures are insufficient to illustrate it fully. The prevailing colours are dark chestnut, rose, and yellow, and all are remarkable for their peculiar deli- cacy and clearness. The lip is white, mostly edged with rose, and the apex is generally rose, whether the body of the shell is light or dark-coloured. Mr. Cuming collected this species in the island of Luzon, where he discovered it in all its varieties within a very limited area. March, 1851. Helix, PL. VU. HELIX. Prate VII. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx cuLorocuroa. Hel. testé imperforatd, sub- globosi, tenuiusculd, fulvidd vel pallide brunned, albo-marmoratd et strigatd, epidermide cinereo-fusces- cente induté ; spird semiglobosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam ob- solet? angulato ; columella oblique arcuatd, denticu- laté ; aperturé rotundato-lunari ; peristomate sub- incrassato, expanso, fusco. Tue yeLLowisu Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, rather thin, yellowish or pale brown, marbled and streaked with white, covered with a light ash-brown epidermis ; spire semiglobose; whorls four to five, rather convex, last whorl obsoletely angled at the periphery ; columella obliquely arched, denticulated ; aperture rounded-lunar; lip rather thickened, ex- panded, brown. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 2. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. It is somewhat doubtful whether this is not a light unspotted variety of H. Mindanaensis. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx Cuviertana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, tenui, pel- lucidd, oblique striata, carinatd, olivaceo-lutescente, infra carinam fascia latd rufo-virescente,deorsum dilutd, ornatd ; spird vie elatd ; anfractibus quinque, planu- latis, ultimo basi convexo ; apertura latd, lunari; peri- stomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari breviter reflewiusculo. Cuvrer’s Hetx. Shell umbilicated, thin, pellucid, ob- liquely striated, keeled, olive-yellow, ornamented with a broad red-green band beneath the keel, di- luted below; spire scarcely raised; whorls five, flattened, last whorl convex at the base; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge shortly reflected. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. vii. p. 461. pl. 12. f. 12. Hab, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A thin convexly flattened shell, very sharply keeled at the periphery, of a rich horny-green colour underneath. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix rutvipa. Hel. testé subumbilicata, globoso-tur- binatd, tenui, pellucidd, pallid2 fulvescente, superne sub lente confertissime granulosd, basi glabra, nitida ; spird subelatd, apice obtusd; anfractibus quinque ad sez, supremis planis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari subincrassato, ad perforationem obsoletam reflexo. Tue Frutvous Hetrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, glo- bosely turbinated, thin, pellucid, pale fulvous, very closely granulated beneath the lens at the upper part, smooth and shining at the base; spire slightly raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, the upper- most flattened, the last rounded; aperture lunar ; lip simple, columellar margin rather thickened, re- flected about the obsolete umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 87. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. This differs mainly from the preceding species in having the surface minutely granulated, and in the whorls being rounder and little keeled. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Granpis. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-turbi- natd, solidd, ponderosa, striatd, nigricante-rufa, epi- dermide griseo-fuscescente fasciatim obducté ; spird conicd, apice pallida; anfractibus sex, vie converius- culis, ultimo spird breviore, basi inflato, fortius striato ; columella verticali, brevi, subtortd ; apertura latd lu- nari; peristomate nigricante, late expanso, margine basali incrassato, reflexo, cum columellari valde dila- tato, albido, angulum obtusum formante. Tue Larce Herx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbi- nated, solid, heavy, striated, blackish-red, covered with a greyish-brown epidermis disposed in bands; spire conical, apex pale; whorls six, rather convex, the last shorter than the spire, inflated and more strongly striated at the columella vertical, short, rather twisted ; aperture broadly lunar ; lip blackish, broadly expanded, basal margin thickened, reflected, with the columellar edge strongly dilated, whitish, base ; forming an obtuse angle. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 43. Hab. Near Bangui, Province of Locos, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. April, 1851. HELIX.—P arte VII. The locality of_this species is given with some accu- racy, as the specimen there collected, from which our drawing is made, is the only one at present known. Species 31. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx rutcens. el. testd imperforatd, globoso-conicd, crassiusculd, levi, supernd albidd, basi fusco-fulvd, Jasciis aliquot nigris cinctd ; spira elatd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis ; aper- turd lunato-subcirculari, intus albé ; columellé dila- tatd, albo-callosé ; peristomate breviter reflexo. Tue sHintnG Hewrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, rather thick, smooth, whitish round the upper part, brown-fulvous below, encircled by a few black bands; spire raised, rather obtuse; whorls four to five, rather convex; aperture lunar-subcir- cular, white within; columella dilated, white-callous ; lip shortly reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 3. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. The varieties of this species here figured show that the dark bands are variably disposed, with sometimes a very dark one beneath the sutures. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Mrnpanaensis. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso- conicd, solidd, oblique rugoso-striata, apice obtusa, pal- lida, luteo-fuscd, opacd, maculis variis rufis pellucidis ornatd ; spird conoided ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, convexiusculis, ultimo medio obtus? angulato, infra angulum fascia lata hydrophand albidé signato ; co- lumellé lividd, subrecté descendente, medio subintorta ; aperturd tetragono-ovali, intus plumbed ; peristomate subincrassato, parum reflexo, livido-fusco, margine supero arcuatim dilatato. Tue Mrynpanao Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, solid, obliquely rugosely striated, obtuse at the apex, pale, yellowish-brown, opake, ornamented with variable transparent reddish spots ; spire conoid ; whorls four to five, rather convex, last whorl obtusely angled in the middle, marked with a broad whitish hydrophanous band below the angle; columella livid, descending nearly straight, slightly twisted in the middle ; aperture quadrangularly oval, lead-colour within ; lip slightly thickened, but little reflected, livid brown, upper edge arcuately dilated. Sowersy, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 85. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. Of a dull gloomy brown hue, interspersed with dark chocolate-brown spots and dashes. Helix, [Vill HELIX. Prate VIIL Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Camuracpi. Hel. testd imperforata, depresso- globost, solidd, longitudinaliter ruguloso-striatd, lineis concentricis impressis nonnullis notata, luteo-fulcd, fasciis duabus nigro-castaneis, pluribusque angustis epi- dermidis albide hydrophane cincta ; spird brevi, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, supremis planulatis, re- liquis convezis, ultimo magno, basi subplanulato, con- centrice sulcato, anticé paululum descendente ; colu- mellé obliqud, lata, alba, excavata ; apertura ampld, perobliquaé, lunato-obocali, intus mitide alba ; peri- stomate lat2 expanso, breviter reflexo, albo. Carnyraup’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, solid, longitudinally roughly striated, marked with some impressed concentric lines, fulvous, en- circled with two blackish-chestnut bands and several narrow bands of white hydrophanous epidermis ; spire short, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, upper ones flattened, the rest convex, the last large, rather flattened at the base, concentrically grooved, de- scending a little anteriorly ; columella oblique, broad, white, excavated ; aperture large, very oblique, lunar- oboval, shining white within ; lip broadly expanded, shortly reflected, white. Desnayres, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1839, pl. 5. Eadem var. Helix ferruginea, Lea. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. This is a very elegantly formed species, the last whorl forming a gracefully reflected curve at the lip. In mark- ing, it is encircled by two narrow remote dark bands and numerous lines of opake white epidermis. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex curta. Hel. testa imperforata, ovato-conica, cras- siusculd, substriatd, luted, epidermide pallida hydro- phand strigaté et marmoratd, apice rubellé, nitidd ; spira elevatd, conicd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus sez, planulatis, ultimo anticé paululum descendente, basi brunnescente, epidermide grised radiato ; columella ob- liquéd, albd, introrsum vald2 dilatata, dentato-truncatd ; aperturé coarctatd, irregulariter semiovali ; peristo- mate crassiusculo, albo, nitido, breviter reflexo. Tue sort Hexrx. Shell imperforated, ovately conical, rather thick, somewhat striated, yellowish, streaked and marbled with a pale hydrophanous epidermis, reddish and shining at the apex ; spire raised, conical, rather obtuse ; whorls six, rather flattened, the last descending a little anteriorly, light brown at the base, rayed with a grey epidermis; columella ob- lique, white, much dilated inwards, dentately trun- cated; aperture contracted, irregularly semi-oval ; lip rather thick, white, shining, shortly reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 20. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. A stout conical shell, with a small contracted apertare and thickened reflected lip. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx irpata. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-conica, solidiusculd, apice obtuad, lutescente, epidermide fusca, obscure fasciata, indutd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, subrotundatis ; columella subrecta, lata, subpro- Sund2 intrante, albé, fascia nigricante circumdata ; apertura subquadrato-rotundata ; labro tenui, paululum reflezo, purpureo-fusco. Tue sacetFicep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, rather solid, obtuse at the apex, yellowish, covered with an obscurely banded brown epidermis ; whorls four to five in number, somewhat rounded ; columella nearly straight, broad, entering rather deeply, white, surrounded by a blackish band ; aper- ture somewhat squarely rounded; lip thin, a little reflected, purple-brown. Helix Butleri, car., Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. This species appears to be distinct from H. Butlers, both in form and in the character of its epidermis. It was procured by Mr. Cuming from the mountains of the Erigotes, an uncivilized tribe dwelling in neat huts, in a part of Luzon as yet unconquered by the Spaniards. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Harrorpi. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-sué- turbinaté, substriaté, fuled, epidermide hydrophana, Sfusco tessellatim maculatd, indutd, ad peripheriam pal- lide fasciaté ; spird subelatd, apice obtusd, pallida, April, 1851. _-~—lCcC el OOOS.STCTS!FCC™C~—‘— 5, dere¢ — > Toe Al . ad SAO te) od & =. Cer” “~ HELIX.—Ptare VIL. nitida ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, viz converius- culis, ultimo obsolet2 angulato; columelld obliqud, medio incrassatd, carneo-fuscd ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus carulescente-albidé ; peristomate subincrassato, breviter reflezo, carneo-fusco marginato. Harrorp’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely sub- turbinated, substriated, fulvous, covered with an hydrophanous epidermis, tessellately blotched with brown, with a light band of epidermis round the periphery ; spire somewhat raised, obtuse at the apex, pale, shining; whorls four to five, slightly con- vex, last whorl obsoletely angled ; columella oblique, thickened in the middle, flesh-brown ; aperture lunar- oval, blue-white within ; lip rather thickened, shortly reflected, edged with flesh-brown. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming. This fine species is mainly distinguished by its globular form, freckled epidermis, and flesh-brown colouring of the lip and columella. Species 837. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Butters. Hel. testd imperforaté, globosd, tenuius- culd, levi, apice obtusa, albd ; spird semiglobosd ; su- turd mediocri ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, pla- niusculis, ultimo inflato, pallid2 lutescente, lineis con- Jertis, fuscis, interruptis, ornato ; columella subrecté, lata, profunde intrante; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, albo, margine dextro vix expanso, basali subincrassato, cum columellé angulum obtusum Sormante. Butier’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, rather thin, smooth, apex obtuse, white ; spire semiglobose ; suture middling ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last inflated, pale yellow, ornamented with close- set interrupted brown lines ; columella nearly straight, broad, entering deeply ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, white, right edge scarcely expanded, basal edge rather thickened, forming an obtuse angle with the columella. Prerrrenr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p- 87. Hab, Island of Penang, Philippines; Cuming. This interesting species is named in honour of Mr. Butler, an amateur collector of shells resident at Manilla, to whom Mr. Cuming was much attached and indebted for many kind services during his sojourn in that country. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Brueurereana. Hel. testa imperforatd, turbinato- globosa, solida, nigro-castaned, epidermide hydrophana, fused, strigatd, sursum pallescente, obductd ; spird conoided, apice obtusd, purpured, nitidd ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo basi viz convexo, denu- dato ; columella intrante, obliqua, planata, alba ; aper- turd lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate simplici, brevissime reflexiusculo, intus nigro-marginato. BruGurere’s Hevrx. Shell imperforated, globosely tur- binated, solid, blackish-chestnut, covered with a streaked dusky brown hydrophanous epidermis, lighter towards the apex ; spire conoid, obtuse at the apex, purple, shining; whorls five in number, rather con- vex, last whorl scarcely convex and denuded at the base ; columella entering, oblique, flattened, white ; aperture lunar-oval, cream-coloured within ; lip sim- ple, very shortly reflected, edged with black within. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 44. Hab. Philippine Islands. Allied to H. carbonaria, but of a more globosely conical form. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix cerorpes. Hel. testé imperforatd, subglobosd, tenui, glabriusculd, ad suturas concentricé sulcaté et striata, rufa, basi pallidiore ; spird conoided ; anfrac- tibus septem, tumidis ; columella brevissima, contorta, albo-callosd, unidentaté ; aperturé lat2 lunari, intus alba ; peristomate tenui, subreflexo. THE ONION-L1KE Hexrx. Shell imperforated, nearly globose, thin, rather smooth, concentrically grooved and striated at the sutures, red, paler at the base ; spire conoidal; whorls seven in number, swollen ; columella very short, twisted, white-callous, one- toothed ; aperture broadly lunar, white within ; peri- stome thin, a little reflected. Lexa, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1841, p. 462. pl. 12. f. 14. Hab. Island of Luban, Philippines ; Cuming. This singular species is well characterized by its globu- Jar form and numerous whorls, and by its convex base and short twisted columella. <=. we ye “~ > = 7 _ in’ 7 7 7 a 0 an : Th a 7a, 3 Helix Pl IX. HELIX. Puate IX. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Batanica. Hel. testé imperforatd, tenuiculd, sub- globosd, corneo-fulvd, fasciis duabus castaneo-nigris ornatd, epidermidis opaco-albe lineis fasciisque varie cingulata ; spird obtusd ; columelld planatd, subezca- vata ; peristomate tenui, abo, late effuso, vix reflexo. Tue Baran Hewrx. Shell imperforated, rather thin, subglobose, horny-fulvous, ornamented with two chestnut-black bands, variously encircled with bands and lines of opake-white epidermis; spire obtuse ; columella flattened, slightly excavated; lip thin, white, broadly effused, but little reflected. Hab. Island of Batan, north of the Philippine Group; Belcher. This species is peculiar to the island of Batan, where it was found by Captain Belcher in great abundance, and is the predominant snail of the locality. It is quite distinct from H. pulcherrima, which is restricted to a limited area in Cagayan, a province of the neighbouring island of Luzon. It is of a lighter and more horny sub- stance, and has the lip less thickly reflected. Species 4. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ZONIFERA. Hel. testé imperforatd, subglobosd, tenui, fulvd, plerumque castaneo-fasciatd, zonis variis opacis lutescenti-albidis epidermidis ornatd ; anfracti- bus quatuor, convexis, supremis depressis ; columella pland, recta, elongata; apertura lunato-rotundatd, in- tus nitidd ; peristomate simplici, expanso, albo. Tue zonep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, fulvous, generally banded with chestnut, and ornamented with various opake yellowish-white bands of epidermis; whorls four, convex, depressed at the upper part; columella flattened, straight, elongated ; aperture lunar-rounded, shining within; lip simple, expanded, white. Sowerby, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 85. Hab. Island of Leyte, Samar, and Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. The colouring of this species, as may be seen in the accompanying figures, is extremely variable; but they have all the same form, and are characterized by the same idea of pattern. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix wienarta. Hel. testa imperforata, subgloboso- depressa, solida, levigatd, purpureo-castaned, fasciis variis epidermidis fusco-cineree obducta ; spird vix ele- vatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, viz con- vexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo ad periphe- riam subangulato ; columellé perobliqua, lata, planata, purpureo-fuscd ; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus al- bidd ; peristomate subincrassato, brevissimé reflexo, fusco-marginato. THE WoopEN Hettx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, solid, smooth, purple-chestnut, covered with various bands of brown-ash epidermis; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls four to five in number, scarcely convex, rapidly increasing, the last slightly angled at the periphery; columella very oblique, broad, flattened, purple-brown ; aperture rotundately lunar, whitish within; lip rather thickened, very shortly reflected, edged with brown. PreEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 111. Hab. Surigao, Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. This species is stouter and more depressed than the preceding, and of a rich purple-chestnut colouring, more thickly clothed with an epidermis, of which the band below the sutures is interrupted in a very distinctive manner with bruised patches. April, 1851. Helix Pl. X HELIX. Puate X. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Luzontca. Hel. test imperforatd, conico-globosd, crassiusculd, oblique striatd, rufa, apice sanguinea, epidermide ferd omnino tectd, medio fascia lata albidé ornatd ; spird conoided ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis; columella obliqud, dilatata, tuberculosa ; apertura lunato-circulari, intus lacted ; peristomate incrassato, lat2 reflexo, albo vel purpureo-roseo late limbato. Tue Luzon Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conically glo- bose, rather thick, obliquely striated, red, rose-pink at the apex, almost entirely covered with an epider- mis, ornamented with a broad white band round the middle; spire conoidal; whorls five to six in number, rather convex; columella oblique, dilated, tuber- cular; aperture lunar-circular, white within; lip thickened, broadly reflected, broadly edged with white or purple-rose. Sowersy, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 85. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The lip of this species is mostly characterized by a deep purple-rose colour; sometimes, however, it is colourless. The white-lipped varieties are mostly of smaller size. Species 42. (Fig. a tof, Mus. Cuming.) Heix speciosa. Hel. testé imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, tenui, subpellucidd, levi, castaned, fuled, spa- diced, vel olivaced, apice obtuso, purpureo-roseo ; spirad semiglobosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo magno ; columella plana, declivi, albé ; aperturé lunato-subcirculari, intus lacted ; peri- stomate reflexo, extus fusco-marginato. Tue BEAUTIFUL Hettx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, thin, semitransparent, smooth, chestnut, fulyous, fawn, or olive, obtuse and purple-rose at the apex; spire semiglobose; whorls four to five in number, rapidly increasing, last whorl large ; colu- mella flat, slanting, white; aperture lunar-subcir- cular, white within; lip reflected, edged with brown. Jay, Catalogue of Shells, 1836, pl. 3. f. 9. Helix coccomelos, Sowerby. Eadem var. Helix cromyodes, Pfeiffer. Had. Island of Tablas, Philippines; Cuming. The most constant character in this species is the purple- rose colouring of the apex. The ground-colour of the shell is dark chestnut, or fawn, or fulvous, or green, banded sometimes with darker colour, sometimes with strips of light epidermis. Fig.a@ and 4, which are of lighter sub- stance, represent H. cromyodes, Pfeiffer. April, 1851. a : = ; » i ’ : ~ ¥ 7 ih _ - “4 ‘ ‘ = . u : 0 7 " i ¢ ve eee XT. he. Helix HELIX. Prate XI. Species 43. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Heix FLoripus. Hel. testd imperforatd, ovato-conoided, crassiusculd, levi, viridi vel olivaced, infra suturam sepe fascia nigra vel fuscd ornata, apice obtusa, palli- dé; suturé distinctad, angusté albo-marginata ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, convexis ; columella alba, dilata- ta, arcuaté; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate reflexo. Tue FLoRID Hetrx. Shell imperforated, ovately conical, rather thick, smooth, green or olive, often encircled beneath the suture with a black or brown band, apex obtuse, pale; suture distinct, narrowly edged with white; whorls five to six, convex; columella white, dilated, arched ; aperture very oblique, lunar- oval, white within ; lip reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 87. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. Distinguished by its solid growth and very delicate smooth colouring, the sutures being very finely edged with white. Species 44. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) HeLIx pPotycHroa. Hel. testé imperforatd, ovato-cono- idea, tenui, levigata, nitidd, apice obtuso albidd cel fulvidd aut viridi, aut intense castanea ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, strigis obliquis saturatioribus et cin- gulo lato albo ad suturam ornatis; columella verticali, subrecta, dilatatd ; apertura irregulariter lunato-ro- tundata, intus nived ; peristomate simplici, albo brevi- ter reflexo. THE MANY-COLOURED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, ovately conical, thin, smooth, shining, apex obtuse, white or fulvous, or green, or dark chestnut; whorls five, con- vex, obliquely marked with darker streaks, and ornamented with a broad white band beneath the suture; columella vertical, nearly straight, dilated ; aperture irregularly lunar-rounded, white within ; lip simple, white, shortly reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 87. Bulimus virido-striatus, Lea. Heliz galactites, var., Grateloup. Hab. Island of Temple, Philippines ; Cuming. This species differs from the preceding in being of a larger and lighter growth, and in being constantly encircled beneath the suture with a broad white band, however variable may be the pattern and colour in other respects. Mr. Cuming observed that this was the only snail in the Philippines which was attacked and eaten by the birds. April, 1851. o Helix. Fl. XU HELIX. Puate XII. Species 45. (Fig. a tog, Mus. Cuming.) Herx minapiis. Hel. testd imperforata, subglobosd, solidiusculd, lavissimd, nitente ; candida, fasciis nigri- cantibus vel aurantio-castaneis varié et irregulariter cingulatd, epidermide tenui corned indutd ; spird ob- tusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convewiusculis, ultimo plerumque trifasciato ; suturd marginatd ; colu- mellé arcuatd, intrante, leviter excavaté ; apertura ampld, lunato-ovali, basi effusd; peristomate albo, margine dextro late refleco, basali subincrassato, ap- presso, fasciis pone labrum peculiariter interruptis. THe wonperruL Hexix. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, rather solid, very smooth, shining; white, va- riously and irregularly encircled with blackish or orange-chestnut ends, covered with a thin horny epidermis; spire obtuse; whorls four to five in number, rather convex, last whorl generally three- banded; suture margined ; columella arched, enter- ing, slightly excavated; aperture large, lunar-oval, effused at the base; lip white, right edge broadly re- flected, basal edge rather thickened, appressed, bands peculiarly interrupted behind the lip. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 320. Hist. Moll. pl. 31. f. 4-6. Helix formosa, Wood. Helix galactites, Lamarck. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Marinduque, Philippines ; Cuming. The specimens selected for the illustration of this species show that it varies greatly both in form and colouring. The whorls are convoluted, now into a globose, now into a comparatively oblong form, and the bands are sometimes broad, black or pale orange-chestnut, and sometimes linear. The surface is mostly covered by a thin shining horny epidermis. It is a peculiarity worth noting in this species, that the colouring abruptly ceases just before reaching the reflected lip. April, 1851. Helix fi. X27 . HELIX. Piate XIII. Species 67. (Fig. 46 a, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx micans. Hel. testd imperforatd, globosd, tenui, Sragili, striatuld, lineis confertissimis obsolete decussaté, diaphand, albidd ; spiré parvuld ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo inflato ; colu- mellé tenui, intrante, excavatd ; apertura rotundato- lunari; peristomate simplici, recto, margine dextro antrorsum subarcuato. Tue GuirrertnG Heix. Shell imperforated, globose, thin, fragile, finely striated, obsoletely decussated with very close-set lines, diaphanous, white; spire rather small; whorls four, rather flattened, increasing rapidly, the last inflated; columella thin, entering, excavated ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, straight, right edge slightly arched forward. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 71. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A delicate uncoloured shell with a sharp simple lip, quite distinct from the species which follows. The error in the numbering of the accompanying figure is accidental. Species 46. (Fig. 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix aurata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressd, tenui, longitudinaliter et concentrice obsolete et confertim striatd, aured, fascia laté rubelld prope suturam et plerumque angusté caruled supra peripheriam ornaté ; spird vie exsertd, apice obtusd, purpured ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo inflato, non descendentibus ; columella leviter arcuatd, excavatd, alba; aperturé parum obliquad, lunari ; peristomate simplici, breviter expanso, margine supero antrorsum dilatato. Tue Gimr Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, thin, longitudinally and concentrically obsoletely and closely striated, gold-tinged, with a broad pale red band next the suture, and mostly ornamented with a blue line at the periphery; spire scarcely exserted, apex obtuse, purple; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last inflated, not descending; colu- mella slightly arched, excavated, white; aperture but little oblique, lunar; lip simple, shortly ex- panded, upper edge dilated in front. April, 1! Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 100. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Mr. Cuming collected only a very few of this species, some with the light red band and blue ring, and some without, as represented in the accompanying figures. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PONDEROSA. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressd, tumidd, solidd, ponderosd, leviusculd, striis in- crementi et concentricis confertissimis vir conspicuis, albd, basi epidermide nitidé pallidd corned induta ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato, fasciis albis hydrophanis infra angulum interdum obsolete notato ; columella recta, laté, per- obliqud ; apertura subauriformi, intus alba; peri- stomate late reflexo. Tue neavy Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, swollen, solid, heavy, rather smooth, striwe of growth and very close-set concentric striz little con- spicuous, white, covered towards the base with a thin shining horny epidermis; whorls four to five in number, rather convex, the last slightly angled, sometimes obsoletely marked with white hydropha- nous bands beneath the angle; columella straight, broad, very oblique; aperture subauriform, interior white; lip broadly reflected. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 38. Hab. Province of Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. A stout unspotted shell, with an unusually broadly re- flected lip. Species 48. (Fig. a, J, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexirx Arparensis. Hel. tesld imperforatd, depresso- globosi, tenui, nitidd, alba, unicolore vel fusco-zonata ; spird depressd ; suturd lineari; anfractilus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo subtus inflato ; columella tenui, subrectd, declivi, profundé excavatd ; apertura lunato- ovali, margine supero subdepresso; peristomate late reflexo, allo, margine subincrassato, cum columellé an- gulum distinclum formante. 851. HELIX.—Prare XU. Tae Aupay Heix. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, thin, shining, white, uncoloured or zoned with brown; spire depressed; suture linear; whorls four in number, rather flattened, the last inflated below ; columella thin, nearly straight, slanting, deeply ex- cayated ; aperture lunar-oval, upper edge a little de- pressed ; lip broadly reflected, white, edge somewhat thickened, forming a distinct angle with the colu- mella. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 100. Hab. Province of Albay, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The bands which characterize the coloured varieties of this species sometimes combine into one, as shown at Fig. 48 c. The variety represented at Fig. 48 a is of lighter and rather more inflated growth, from a different locality. It was collected by Mr. Cuming in the pro- vince of Cagayan, in the same island, upon orange-trees in the Governor’s garden. i - : i 7 7 _ 7 a ; _ = te > . wise - = G J : : ibe ie o 7 7 sy a — \ - —_ i _ - _ a - eee - 7 a7 oo - 7 - : 7 : 7 7 . fl os ; Ae : a : _ : 7 7 -_ ie vay eh, Helin. Fl. ALF; SU. a I0.6 HELIX. Pirate XIV. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx optusa. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosi, tenui, striis incrementi et lineis impressis concentricis obsoletis subdecussatd, nitidd, late castaned vel alba ; spird subelevatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo inflato ; columella obliqua, acutd, alba ; aper- turd dilatatd, subauriformi ; peristomate simplici, ex- panso. Tue opruse Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, faintly decussated with striae of growth and obsolete concentric impressed lines, shining, pale chestnut or white; spire somewhat raised, obtuse ; whorls four, convex, the last inflated; columella ob- lique, sharp, white; aperture dilated, somewhat ear- shaped ; lip simple, expanded. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 38. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The pale chestnut colouring of this species is due to a thin horny epidermis. Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX FENESTRATA. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-tur- binatd, solidé, crassa, nitide castaned, epidermide hy- drophand, fusculd, pallide fasciata, indutd, macularum epidermide destitutarum unica serie infra suturam fe- nestrata ; spird turbinatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo basi nudo; columella declivi, dilatatd, alba ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; pe- ristomate intus incrassato, albo, nitido, breviter reflexo. Tue winpowep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, solid, thick, shining chestnut, covered with a light banded brownish epidermis, windowed with a row of bruised spots of epidermis beneath the suture; spire turbinated, obtuse; whorls five to six, convex, last whorl void of epidermis at the base; columella slanting, dilated, white; aperture very ob- lique, lunar-oval; lip thickened within, white, shin- ing, shortly reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soe, 1840, p. 137. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The bruised voids of epidermis which encircle the whorls of this species beneath the suture, are of a similar character to those observed in H. lignaria, Sp. 40. It is constant in all examples of the species. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Cuminer. Hel. testd imperforaté, depressi, ob- tusé angulatd, apice obtusd, oblique striatd, nigricanti- rufa, epidermide fusculd, superné maculis irregularibus, basi fasciis multis, ornatd; anfractibus quatuor, supremis planiusculis, ultimo subinflato ; columella rect2 descen- dente, laté callosé ; apertura latd, subquadrangulari ; peristomate late expanso, margine inferiore incrassato. Cumine’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, ob- tusely angled, apex obtuse, obliquely striated, blackish-red, ornamented with a light brown epi- dermis showing blotches above and narrow bands below; whorls four, the uppermost rather flat, the last a little inflated ; columella descending straightly, broadly callous; aperture broad, subquadrangular ; lip broadly expanded, lower edge thickened. PreiFrFeR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 88. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. An interesting dark chestnut-purple shell, in which the epidermis is so interrupted on the upper surface of the whorls as to show oblique oblong-square bald blotches, spi- rally crossed with indiscriminate lines and narrow bands. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx amicta. Hel. testé imperforaté, depresso-conica, apice obtusa, alba, epidermide fulcd corned immaculata nitente indutd ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; colu- melli arcuatd, subprofundé intrante; apertura sub- quadrato-ovata ; peristomate reflexo, albo. Tue cLorHeD Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly conical, obtuse at the apex, white, covered with a shining horny unspotted fulvous epidermis; whorls five, rounded; columella arched, entering rather deeply ; aperture somewhat squarely oval; lip re- flected, white. Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines ; Cuming. This is certainly distinct from H. cullodes, with which species it has been arranged. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix pLatyopon. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-tur- binatd, minutissim2 granulato-striata, alba, fasciis fuscis albo-guttatis ornatd ; spird elevatd, obtusiusculd ; April, 1851. HELIX.—Piate XIV. ~ anfractibus sex, viz converiusculis, ultimo basi subpla- nulato, antic deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali, intus alba; peristomate latd expanso, reflexo, mar- ginibus callo albo junctis, columellari perdilatato, ap- presso, dente lato munito. Tue BROAD-TooTHED Hexix. Shell imperforated, de- pressly turbinated, very minutely granularly striated, white, ornamented with white-speckled brown bands ; spire raised, rather obtuse; whorls six, but little convex, last whorl rather flattened at the base, de- flected anteriorly ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, white within; lip broadly expanded, reflected, mar- gins joined by a white callosity, columellar edge much dilated, appressed, furnished with a broad tooth. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 132. Hab. ? The main peculiarities of this species consist in the broad appressed tooth against the columellar edge of the lip, and in the white dots with which the light-brown bands are promiscuously speckled. Species 54. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heirx cotumBartia. Hel. test umbilicatd, depressd, ob- liqué subtiliter striata, stramined, brunneo varie zonatd, maculis sulphureo-albidis tessellatis ad suturam et basin variegatd ; spird parum elatd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis, ultimo juxta aperturam valde constricto ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura subauriformi ; peri- stomate carneo, marginibus junctis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, obsoleted unidentato. THE pIGEON-HOLED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, obliquely finely striated, straw-coloured, variously zoned with brown, tessellated beneath the sutures and variegated beneath the base with sulphur- white blotches; spire but little raised; whorls five, convex, the last much constricted next the aperture ; umbilicus narrow, conspicuously open; aperture somewhat ear-shaped ; lip flesh-tinted, margins joined, upper edge expanded, basal edge reflected, obsoletely one-toothed. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 19. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. This beautiful species is very singularly marked. The shell is of a dull straw-colour, encircled with reddish- chestnut bands which are very conspicuously tessellated and variegated with opake sulphur-white epidermis. Species 55. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx putormes. Hel. testa imperforatd, depressa, solida, sub epidermide corticind, strigis saturatioribus varie- gata, nitidd nigricanti-rufad ; spird subplanulatd, su- turd profundé; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, con- vexis ; columelld subrectd, perobliquad, subexcavata ; apertura late lunari, intus lividd ; peristomate incras- sato, reflexo, fusco. THe BARK-cLAD Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, solid, shining blackish-red beneath a bark-like epi- dermis, which is variegated with darker streaks ; spire rather flattened, suture deep; whorls four to five, convex; columella rather straight, very oblique, slightly excavated; aperture broadly lunar, livid in the interior; lip thickened, reflected, brown. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 151. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. Astout, very dark purple, lenticular shell, covered with a thick brown epidermis, variegated with numerous concen- tric streaks. FETS. Helix 36. O06 C0.a o/ HELIX. PLaTE XV. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Leyrensts. Hel. testd imperforata, globosd, tenuis- simd, fragili, leviusculd, pallide virente, fasciis inter- ruptis, albis, opacis ornatd; spird parvuld, parum elata ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide accrescentibus, pla- niusculis, ultimo permagno, subangulato ; columella tenui, subrectd ; apertura ampld, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, breviter eapanso. Tue Leyre Herrx. Shell imperforated, globose, very thin, fragile, rather smooth, pale green, ornamented with interrupted opake white bands; spire rather small, but little raised; whorls four, increasing rapidly, rather flat, the last very large, somewhat angular; columella thin, nearly straight; apertwre large, rotundately lunar; lip simple, shortly ex- panded. Helix fragilis, Sowerby (not of Pfeiffer), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841. Helix Leytensis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Leyte, Philippines; Cuming. The mature form of this extremely delicate and cha- racteristic species is not as yet known. The specimen here figured, collected by Mr. Cuming at the island of Leyte, is doubtless an entire whorl short of its adult growth. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) HEix 1GNopiuis. Hel. testd imperforaté, conoideo-glo- bosi, tenui, striis concentricis minutissimis sculpla, albidd, castaneo-bifasciatd ; spird conoided, apice ob- tusiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planu- latis, ultimo obtuse angulato ; columellé obliqud, dila- tata, alba ; apertura lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate laté expanso, margine incrassato. THE 1GNoBLE Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conically glo- bose, thin, sculptured with minute concentric striz, white, with two chestnut bands; spire conoidal, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last obtusely angled; columella oblique, dilated, white; aperture lunar-subcircular ; lip broadly expanded, edge thickened. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 102. Hab. Islands of Romblon and Tablas, Philippines ; Cuming. The colouring of this species is very simple, and there is little variety in it. In the specimen represented at Fig. 57 4 the bands are rather broader, and the shell is suffused at the base with an olive-green hue. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Moricanpr. Hel. testa umbilicatd, semiglobosa, basi planiusculd, nitidd, albidd, fasciis rufis cincta ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo margine dextro subito deflexo ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; aper- turé horizontali, transverse pyriformi; peristomate connexo, margine supero expanso, basali late refleco, ad basin dente unico crasso instructo. Moricanp’s Heurx. Shell umbilicated, semiglobose, rather flattened at the base, shining, whitish, en- circled by two or three red bands; whorls five to six, convex, last whorl with the right edge suddenly deflected ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture hori- zontal, transversely pyriform ; lip continuous, upper edge expanded, basal broadly reflected, furnished with a single thick tooth at the base. Sowersy, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 86. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines. A depressly convoluted shell, concave at the base, with the aperture perfectly horizontal. Species 59. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx arata. Hel. testé umbilicata, cylindraceo-ovata, pupaformi, crassiusculd, fusca, albo-unifasciata, inter- dum albdé vel pallidé lutescente, costis obliquis magis minusve confertis exaratd ; suturd profunda ; anfrac- tibus sex, inflatis ; columella recté descendente, dila- lata, latissimé reflexd, plicd lata umbilicali intrante ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, intus alba; peristomate laté refleco, intus nigro-marginato, basi obsolete den- tato, marginibus callo junctis. Tue pLoucHED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, cylindrically ovate, pupa-shaped, rather thick, brown, with a single white band, sometimes white or yellowish, ploughed with more or less close-set oblique ribs ; suture deep ; whorls six, inflated; columella straightly descending, dilated, very broadly reflected, with an umbilical fold broad, entering; aperture lunar-ro- tundate, white within; lip broadly reflected, edged May, 1851. HELIX.—Puarte XV. within with~black, base obsoletely toothed, margins | H. polychroa, but narrower. The burnt-brown colouring joined by a callosity. of the base is constant and characteristic. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1540, p. 89. Bulimus aratus, Pfeiffer. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines ; Cuming. Hewrx primera. Hel. testd imperforatd, subgloboso-conica, It is somewhat difficult to determine to what genus apice oblusd, tenuiusculd, epidermide viridiflavd ; an- this interesting species should be referred, for it partakes fractibus quinque, convexis, oblique striatis, primis alike of the characters of Helix, Bulimus, and Pupa. Species 60. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx orpituna. Hel. lestd imperforatd, ovato-globosd, crassiuscula, lavi, alba, basi fusco-lutescente, fasciis rufis et viridibus varie ornatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis ; suturd distinctd, crenulatd, alba ; columellé laté, albé, subarcuatd ; apertura lu- nato-rotundata, intus alba ; peristomate simplici, late expanso. Tue utpressep Heix. Shell imperforated, ovately globose, rather thick, smooth, white, brown-yellow at the base, variously ornamented with red and green bands; whorls four to five, rather convex; suture purpurascentibus, penultimo allo, ultimo coloribus bi- partitis, dimidio supremo albo, altero purpureo-nigro ; suturéd distinctd, purpureo-nigra, marginala ; apertura semilunari, intus alba; peristomate angusté reflezo, Jusco-nigro ; columella oblique descendente, albidé, dilatata. Tue Breartite Hexix. Shell imperforated, somewhat globosely conical, obtuse at the apex, rather thin, covered with a pale green epidermis ; whorls five in number, convex, obliquely striated, the first tinged with purple, the last but one white, the last equally divided in respect of colour, the upper half white, the lower half purple-black ; suture distinct, purple- black ;. aperture semilunar, interior white; lip thinly reflected, brown-black ; columella obliquely descend- distinct, crenulated, white; columella broad, white, ing, white, dilated. slightly arched; aperture lunar-rotundate, white | Jonas, Mollusk. beitr. D2 2B. ple Ulan iy: within; lip simple, broadly expanded. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 87. The divided colouring of the whor is species i Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Re ACEC OBLOLOINE “Ot ANG Wane ee aac very characteristic, the lower half being of a rich purple- The last whorl of this species is mostly tinged with | black, the upper half white, covered with a delicate pale olive-green, leaving a white band next the suture as in | green epidermis. Helios, Fears 13 Md a Dh, ae Pirate XVI. Species 62. (Fig. a, 4,c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx TeNERA. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-conicd, tenui, levi, alba, fasciis nigricantibus et viridibus ornatd, subhyalind ; spird depresso-conoided ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis ; columella sub- recta, tenui, subexcavatd ; aperturdé lunato-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, parum expanso. Tue pevicare Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, thin, smooth, white, ornamented with blackish and green bands, subhyaline ; spire depressly conoid; whorls four to five, rather convex; columella nearly straight, thin, slightly excavated; aperture lunar- rounded; lip simple, but little expanded. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 102. Hab. Islands of Tablas and Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. The bands are exceedingly variable in this species, being sometimes very broad, and irregular, sometimes almost wanting. Species 63. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heiix carponarta. Hel. testa imperforatd, subtrochi- formi, levi, purpureo-nigricante, epidermide fusca, hy- drophand, oblique strigatd, apice rubra vel violaced ; sutura lineari ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ul- timo carinato, basi plano; basi subrecté, dilatatd, fusciduld ; apertura subtetragond, intus livida ; peri- stomate simplici, vie incrassato. THE coaL-BLACK Herx. Shell imperforated, somewhat Trochus-shaped, smooth, purple-black, obliquely- streaked with a brown epidermis, apex reddish or violet ; suture linear; whorls five, rather flat, the last keeled, flat at the base; columella nearly straight, dilated, brownish; aperture subquadrangu- lar, livid within; lip simple, scarcely thickened. Sowersy, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. $6. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. The specimen represented at Fig. 63 @ has an obliquely streaked pattern upon the epidermis; in that at Fig. 63 4 there is no pattern beyond what is derived from the ordinary lines of growth. Species 64. (Fig. @, J, and Fig. 65, Mus. Cuming.) Hetix cortopes. Hel. testa imperforatd, subsemiglobo- sd, tenui, intense castaned vel fusco-lutescente, nitidd, apice carned ; suturd distinctd, rufo-marginald ; an- Sractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo basi subplanu- lato ; columella brevi, obliqua, tenui ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari, intus albé ; peristomate expanso, subincras- sato, nigricante. Tue GuMMED HeEtix. Shell imperforated, subsemiglo- bose, very dark chestnut or yellowish, shining, apex flesh-colour ; suture distinct, edged with red; whorls five, rather convex, the last rather flattened at the base; columella short, oblique, thin; aperture rotun- dately lunar, white within; lip expanded, slightly thickened, blackish. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 102. Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines; Cuming. In both the specimens here figured, differing so ma- terially in colour, the form is identical, and each has a naturally polished surface. For Fig. 65, see Pl. XXT. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix campanuta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globosd, so- lidé, subtiliter et regulariter oblique striatd, castanea ; spird semiglobosd, apice obtusi, pallida; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo antecedente viz latiore, antice vix descendente, medio pallid? cin- gulato ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali, intus lives- cente, peristomate fusco, incrassato, breviter reflexo ; marginibus callo junctis, basali introrsum obsolete albo- unidentato, extrorsum dilatato, umbilicum angustun profundum semioccultante. THE LITTLE BELL Heix. solid, finely and regularly obliquely striated, dark chestnut; spire semiglobose, apex obtuse, pale; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last but little broader than the preceding, scarcely descending in front, encircled round the middle with a pale band ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, bluish within ; lip brown, thickened, shortly reflected, margius joined by a callosity, inwardly obscurely white-one- toothed at the base, outwardly dilated, half concealing a narrow deep umbilicus. PrerrFeR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 65. Hab. The form of this species is chiefly remarkable for the Shell umbilicated, globose, 2 slightly apparent increase of the last whorl. May, 1851. Helix, Favaver, CI. a 7/. HELIX. Pirate XVII. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx taneurpa. Hel. testa imperforati, ylobosi, tenui- usculd, regulariter et confertim oblique striata, apice obtuso, lutescente ; suturd lined fuscd nitidad notatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convewiusculis, ultimo rufo, epidermide hydrophand cinerascente induto, albo- lineolato, basi nudo, nitido ; columelld verticali, albo- callosa. THE PEEBLE Hexix. Shell imperforated, globose, rather thin, regularly and closely obliquely striated, obtuse and yellowish at the apex; suture marked with a shining brown line; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last reddish, covered with an ash-brown white-lined hydrophanous epidermis, base naked, shining; columella vertical, callous, white. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 150. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines; Cuming. This is merely a young shell described by Dr. Pfeiffer from the circumstance of its not being referable to any known adult species. ‘lwo specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-named locality in the leaf of a palm-tree. Species 69. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix HypropHana. Tel. testa imperforatd, obovatd, tenuiusculd, lutescente, fasciis rufis ornata, nitidd, epi- dermide tenuissimd, subpellucida, hydrophand indutéd ; spira apice obtusissimd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis ; columella subrectd, latd, nived, in tu- berculum obsoletum productd, nigro-cingulatd ; aper- turd lunato-rotundatd, intus nitidissime albd ; peristo- mate subincrassato, parum expanso, candido. HYDROPHANOUS Hetix. Shell imperforated, ob- ovate, rather thin, yellowish, ornamented by two red bands, shining, covered with a very thin subpellucid hydrophanous epidermis; spire very obtuse at the apex; whorls four to five, rather convex; columella nearly straight, broad, snowy-white, produced into an obsolete tubercle, encircled by a black band; aperture lunar-rotundate, very shining, white within ; lip rather thickened, but little expanded, white. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 88. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. THE feo] It is very much to be doubted whether this species is anything more than a local variety of the following. The shell is smaller and thinner in substance, but in structure and plan of colouring there is no difference whatever, ex- cepting perhaps half a whorl less in convolution. Species 70. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HeLix MeTarormis. Hel. testd inperforata, oblonyo- ovata, solidd, levi, luted, apice rubescente, Sasctis rufis varié ornatd, epidermide tenui hydrophand induta ; anfractibus quinque, converis, ultimo spird breviore : columella crassa, dilatatd, basi tuberculato-truncaté. plerumque nigro-cingulatd ; apertura obliqud, lunato- ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate incrassato, alho, bre- viter reflexo. Tue contcat Hexix. Shell imperforated, oblong-ovate, solid, smooth, yellowish, reddish at the apex, vari- ously ornamented with red bands and covered by a thin epidermis; whorls five, convex, last whorl shorter than the spire; columella thick, dilated, tu- bercularly truncated at the base, generally encircled with black; aperture oblique, lunar-oval, milk-white within ; lip thickened, white, shortly reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 108. f. 2. Helix ovularis, Menke. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. There is only one band in some examples of this species, and in others it is altogether wanting. Fig. 71. (Mus. Cuming.) This appears to be the coloured J. obtusa, deseribed with a figure of the white variety at Pl. XIV. Fig. 49. For Sp. 71, see Pl. XXV. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx wettcorpes. Hel. testa imperforala, subglobosd, oblique striata, apice obtusa, alba, immaculata ; an- Jractibus quinque ad sex, subrotundatis ; columella planulatd, subarcuatd ; aperturd subcirculari ; peristo- mate subreflexo, effuso. Tue HELIcomp Hexix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, obliquely striated, obtuse at the apex, white, un- spotted; whorls five to six, somewhat rounded ; co- lumella flattened, slightly arched; aperture nearly circular ; lip slightly reflected, effused. Bulimus helicoides, Pfeiffer, (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Philippine Islands. The portion of the body-whorl within the aperture is characterized in this species by a thin horny layer of epidermis, extending round the columella. —————— ne May, 1851. Helix, Pl.XVITT. 735.6 HELIX. Pirate XVIII. Species 73. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Rorssyana. el. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, crassiusculd, levi, varie coloraté, epidermide hydro- phand plerumque obductd ; spird obtusissimd ; anfrac- tibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo ventricoso ; colu- melld declivi, latiusculd, pland ; apertura sublunari, intus albd ; peristomate expanso, nigro-marginato. Rorssy’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, rather thick, smooth, variously coloured, generally covered with a hydrophanous epidermis; spire very obtuse ; | whorls five, rather convex, the last ventricose ; colu- mella slanting, rather broad, flat; aperture sublunar, white within; lip expanded, edged with black. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 104. f. 2, 3. Hab. (sland of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. The colouring, though variously disposed, is mostly of a dark burnt chestnut. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx unica. Hel. testé imperforatd, globosd, solidius- culd, oblique striatuld, albidé ; suturd profunda ; an- fractibus quinque ad sex, inflatis, supremis planius- culis ; columellé profunde intrante, arcuaté, subcanali- culaté ; apertura perobliqua, subcirculari, intus alba ; peristomate late expanso, intus fulvido, marginibus approximatis, basali incrassato. Tue unrgue Heix. Shell imperforated, globose, rather solid, obliquely striated, white; suture deep; whorls five to six, inflated, the uppermost rather flat ; colu- mella entering deeply, arched, slightly channelled ; aperture very oblique, nearly circular, white within ; lip broadly expanded, fulvous internally, margins approximated, basal margin thickened. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 151. Hab. Samboanga, Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. Mr. Cuming possesses only a worn discoloured spe- cimen of this species. It is very distinct in form; parti- cularly as regards the roundness of the lower whorls. Species 75. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Matruetis. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressd, tenuiusculd, oblique striata, nigricante, epider- | mide fusco-cinered hydrophand induté ; ared columel- lari nitide luted, fascid nigricante circumdatéa ; spird parum elatd ; suturad levi; anfractibus quatuor, su- premis complanatis ; columella obliqué validé (inter- dum obsoletius) dentald, extrorsum dilatataé, brunnea ; apertura subtrapezoidali, intus lividd ; peristomate in- crassato, expanso, brunneo-marginato. Tue attired Hexix. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, rather thin, obliquely striated, blackish, covered with a brown-ash hydrophanous epidermis ; area round the columella shining yellow, surrounded with a blackish band; spire but little raised; suture smooth; whorls four, the uppermost smooth; colu- mella obliquely strongly toothed, the tooth being sometimes rather obsolete, dilated outwardly, brown ; aperture subtrapeziform, livid within; lip thickened, expanded, edged with brown. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 24. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. The yellowish colouring about the area of the columella is derived from a thin horny epidermis which covers this part, differing from the hydrophanous epidermis which terminates with the encircling dark band. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Monrrortrana. Hel. testa imperforatd, turbi- natd, crassd, ponderosa, nigricanti-rufa, epidermide fusco-cinered hydrophand indutd ; spird conoided, apice violaceo-purpurascente, nuda, nitidd, obtusé ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, viz converiusculis, ultimo angulato, angulo antice evanescente ; columella declivi, callosd, albd, basi subdentata ; apertura subte- tragond, intus nitidé alba ; peristomate breviter re- Jflexo, nigro-fusco limbato. Monrtrort’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, turbinated, thick, ponderous, blackish-red, covered with a brown- ash hydrophanous epidermis; spire conoid, apex ob- tuse, naked, violet-purple ; whorls four to five, but little convex, last whorl angled, angle disappearing towards the front; columella slanting, callous, white, slightly toothed at the base; aperture somewhat square, white and shining within; lip shortly re- flected, edged with black-brown. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 38. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A short, Trochus-shaped, rather solid species, allied to H. carbonaria. May, 1851. i Helix , Pl. XIX HELIX. Puiate XIX. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix apusta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, cylindraceo-ovata, Pupaformi, solidiusculd, oblique striata, castaned, apice pallida; suturd levi; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo pallide unifasciato ; columella recté descendente, intus subtorto-truncatd ; aperturé rotundato-ovali ; peristomate castaneo, late expanso, reflexo, margine co- lumellari perdilatato, reflexo, subappresso. Tue BurNt Hexix. Shell umbilicated, cylindrically ovate, Pupa-shaped, rather solid, obliquely striated, chestnut, pale at the apex; suture smooth; whorls six, rather convex, the last faintly one-banded; colu- mella descending straightly, slightly twisted and trun- cated within; aperture rotundately oval; lip chestnut, broadly expanded, reflected, columellar edge very much dilated, reflected, and appressed. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 39. Bulimus adustus, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. This species, like H. brachyodon, partakes almost in equal measure of the characters of Helix, Bulimus, and Pupa. Species 78. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX crnERAScENS. Hel. testdé imperforatd, globoso- turbinatd, tenuiusculd, stramined, fasciis nigricantibus supra infraque ornatd, epidermide tenui, hydrophand, cinered induta ; spird breviter turbinatd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo basi inflato ; columelldé subarcuatd, carneo-fuscd ; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus albd ; peristomate breviter ex- panso, subincrassato, castaneo-limbato. THe PALE AasH Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, rather thin, straw-coloured, ornamented above and below, on each whorl, with two blackish bands, covered with a thin hydrophanous ash epider- mis; spire shortly turbinated, obtuse at the apex ; whorls five to six, rather convex, last whorl inflated at the base; columella slightly arched, flesh-brown ; aperture rotundately lunar, interior white ; lip broadly expanded, rather thickened, edged with chestnut. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 54. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines; Cuming. A very characteristic species, of which Mr. Cuming col- lected only a few specimens. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Bracuyopon. Hel. testé umbilicatd, ovata vel glo- bosd, castaned, pallide fasciatd, oblique striatulé ; su- turd distinctd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ullime ad aperturam deflexo; columelld lat? reflexd, intus unidentatad, albo-callosd ; apertura lunato-rotundaté, perobliqud, basi unidentaté ; peristomate lat? reflexo, nigro-fusco marginato. THE sHoRT-rooTHED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, ovate or globose, chestnut, faintly banded, obliquely finely striated; suture distinct; whorls six, rather convex, the last deflected at the aperture; columella broadly reflected, one-toothed within, white, callous; aperture lunar-rounded, very oblique, one-toothed at the base ; lip broadly reflected, edged with black-brown. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 89. Bulimus brachyodon, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. This curious species may always be recognized by the callous tooth-like processes at the columellar base of the aperture, as represented in the accompanying figure. Species 80. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MELANOCHEILA. el. test imperforatd, depresso- globosd, crassiusculd, fusca, epidermide hydrophand cinereo-fuscd fasciatim obductd, fasciis nigris ornata ; spird depresso-semiglobosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, vie convexiusculis ; columella perobliqua, late expansd, alba ; apertura lunato-rotundata, intus alba ; peristomate subincrassato, expanso, nigricante. THE BLACK-LIPPED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressly globose, rather thick, brown, covered with a banded ash-brown hydrophanous epidermis, orna- mented with black bands; spire depressly semiglo- bose; whorls four to five, rather convex; columella very oblique, broadly expanded, white; aperture lunar-rounded, interior white ; lip slightly thickened, expanded, blackish. May, 1851. HELIX.—Puate XIX. VALENCIENNES, Grateloup, Trans. Soc. Nat. Hist. Bor- deaux, vol. xi. p. 397. pl. 4. f. 12. Heliz brunnea, Sowerby. Hab. (sland of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. An extremely interesting species, allied in form and general aspect to H. Pan, but perfectly distinct on com- parison. Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix turso. Hel. testd imperforata, turbinatd, soli- diusculd, distincté striata, sub epidermide tenuissimd, decidua, flavescente, alba, medio rufo-fasciatd ; spird conoided, obtusd; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, basi vic convexo, columella subverticali, dilatato, albido ; apertura irregulariter lunari ; peristomate expanso, margine columellari di- latato, reflexo. Tue top Hexix. Shell imperforated, turbinated, rather solid, distinctly striated, white, faintly red-banded in the middle, beneath a very thin deciduous yellow- ish epidermis; spire conoid, obtuse ; whorls five, rather flat, last whorl obsoletely angled, base slightly convex; columella subvertical, dilated, whitish ; aperture irregularly lunar; lip expanded, columellar edge dilated, reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 64. Hah. Philippine Islands; Cuming. The epidermis of this species is of a thin horny charac- ter, and does not form any pattern upon the shell. 7 a Helix, Fl. ££. PEL IX. Pate XX. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix retusa. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosa, apice retusa, tenui, levigaté, basi concentricé striolatd, cas- taneo-fulvd, epidermide hydrophand, albidd, decidud, partim strigata et flammulatd, sursum pallescente, cas- taneo-fasciatd ; spird brevi ; anfractibus quatuor, con- vexiusculis, ultimo subangulato, via descendente ; colu- mellé intrante, alba ; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus iridescente; peristomate late expanso, reflexo. Tue BLUNT Hetix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, blunt at the apex, thin, smooth, concentrically finely striated round the base, fulvous chestnut, broadly streaked and flamed with white hydrophanous epider- mis, partially deciduous, pale above, faintly chestnut- banded; spire short; whorls four, rather convex, last whorl slightly angled, but little descending; colu- mella entering, white; aperture rotundately lunar, iridescent within; lip broadly expanded, reflected. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1845, p. 132. Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines; Cuming. This shell is quite transparent except where the whorls are streaked by opake-white hydrophanous epidermis. It is of a peculiar blunt globose form. Species 83. (Fig.a tof, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix mtorta. Hel. testa imperforatda, depresso-globosa, tenui, diaphand, subtilissimé striata, coloribus vald2 va- riante ; suturd lineari, opaco-albd, plerumque rufo-mar- ginata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, viz converius- culis, supremis depressis, ultimo subtus inflato ; colu- mella oblique descendente, acuta, subexcavata ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, reflexiusculo. THE curLED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, thin, diaphanous, very finely striated, varying considerably in colour; suture opake white, gene- rally edged with red; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the uppermost depressed, last whorl inflated below ; columella obliquely descending, sharp, slightly excavated; aperture lunar-rotundate; lip simple, a little reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 168. Hab. Islands of Bohol, Capul, Negros, and Siquijor, Philippines ; Cuming. The form of this species is always the same, but the colouring is extremely variable, consisting of delicately tinted brown, or green, or yellowish-olive. One charac- teristic feature of the species is that the sutural line of the spire is always finely picked out with opake white. May, 1851. Helix, Pl. XX1. HELIX. Puate XXI. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) HEtx PuELLA. Hel. testa imperforaté, globoso-depressa, tenui, striatuld, non nitente, alld, diaphand ; spird fornicatd ; suturd lineari; anfractibus quatuor, vix convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo basi in- lato, medio carinato, ad carinam fusco-cingulato ; co- lumellé declivi, strictiusculé ; apertura irregulariter lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine supero expanso, basali reflexo, cum columellari angulatim juncto. THe DAMSEL Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, thin, finely striated, not shining, white, dia- phanous ; spire vaulted over; suture linear ; whorls four, slightly convex, increasing rapidly, last whorl inflated at the base, keeled round the middle, encir- cled with a narrow brown band at the keel; colu- mella slanting, rather twisted; aperture irregularly lunar; lip simple, upper margin expanded, basal margin reflected, angularly joined with the columellar margin. Carocolla puella, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1841, p.45. Helix puella, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines ; Cuming. This species is mainly distinguished by a brown band, which only appears in the latter half of the last whorl, increasing gradually in intensity as the shell approaches maturity. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX Fiuaris. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-globosd, tenui, striis incrementi validis notatd, albidd, epider- mide pallide corned, decidud, instructé; spird parum elevatd, obtusa, apice fusca ; sutura lineari, fusco vel albo-marginatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ul- timo obtuse angulato ; columellé obliqud, margine gra- nulosa ; aperturd dilatatd, lunari ; peristomate nigro, subincrassato, parum expanso. THE THREAD-MARKED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressly globose, thin, marked with conspicuous strie of growth, whitish, furnished with a pale horny deci- duous epidermis; spire but little raised, obtuse, brown at the apex; suture linear, edged with brown or white ; whorls four, rather flat, last whorl obtusely angled ; columella oblique, granulous at the edge ; aperture dilated, lunar ; lip black, rather thickened, but little expanded. VALENCIENNES, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 38. Hab. Island of Marinduque, Philippines ; Cuming. The lip of this species is stained with black-brown, and the apex is tinged with the same colour. Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX NyMpHA. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-depressa, tenui, oblique striatuld, nitidd, diaphand, virenti-albida ; spira brevissimad, apice obtusa ; suturd albo-filosa ; an- Sractibus quatuor, subplanis, rapidé accrescentibus, ul- timo subdepresso, basi convexo; columella intrante, subverticali, compressa, alba; apertura obliqua, late lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, castaneo-limbato, margine supero recto, basali breviter reflero, cum colu- mella angulum obtusum formante. Tue NymMpH Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, thin, obliquely finely striated, shining, dia- phanous, greenish-white; spire very short, obtuse at the apex ; suture white-threaded ; whorls four, rather flat, rapidly increasing, the last rather depressed, convex at the base; columella entering, subvertical, compressed, white ; aperture oblique, broadly lunar ; lip simple, thin, edged with chestnut, upper margin straight, basal shortly reflected, forming an obtuse angle with the columella. PreiFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 129. Hab. Philippine Islands. This species is but little distinguished from the pre- ceding; the spire is more elevated, so as to give a de- pression to the suture, and the apex has no tinge of colour, but these differences are of no great value. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix casta. Hel. testa imperforatd, depressd, supra in- Jraque subequaliter converd, carinata, striatuld, un- dique peculiariter malleald, nitidd, sub epidermide decidud pallide lutescente-albd ; sutura lineari, cre- taced ; anfractibus quatuor, subplanis, ultimo jurta suturam et infra carinam obsoleté angulato ; columella brevi, declivi, excavald, basi subtorta ; apertura sub- May, 1851. = HELIX.—P ate XXI. trapezid ; peristomate expanso, albo, margine basali le- viter arcuato, cum columelld angulum formante. Tue cHaste Hextx. Shell imperforated, depressed, about equally convex above and below, keeled, finely striated, peculiarly indented throughout, shining, yellowish-white, beneath a pale deciduous epidermis ; suture linear, chalky; whorls four, rather flattened, the last obsoletely angled; columella short, slanting, excavated, slightly twisted towards the base; aper- ture subtrapezoid ; lip expanded, white, basal margin slightly curved, forming an angle with the columella. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 110. Hab. ? This interesting species is mainly distinguished by a character which Dr. Pfeiffer has incidentally overlooked. The entire surface of the shell is peculiarly superficially indented. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix VaLencrennesit. el. testa imperforatd, glo- boso-depressd, tenui, diaphand, nitiduld, minute striata, alba ; spird parca, superné depressd ; sulurd lineari, supernd rufo-marginald ; anfractibus quatuor, planius- culis, ultimo subamplo, obsolet2 angulato ; columella declivi, subexcavatd ; apertura lunato-elliptica ; peri- stomate simplici, expanso. VaLencrennes’ Hexix. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, thin, diaphanous, shining, minutely stri- ated, white; spire small, depressed at the upper part; suture linear, edged at the upper part with red; whorls four, rather flat, the last somewhat large, obsoletely angled ; columella slanting, slightly excavated ; aperture lunar-elliptical ; lip simple, ex- panded. Eypoux, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1838, pl. 115. f. 2. Hab, Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. A delicate subpellucid greenish-white shell, with the sutural line tinged with red towards the apex. It is allied in form to HZ. Albaiensis. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Broperren. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-de- pressi, striatuld, tenui, albidd, carinata ; spird vix elevald, apice fere impressd ; anfractibus quatuor, pla- nulatis, celeriter accrescentius, ultimo basi inflato ; columella subdeclivi, superné intrante ; aperturd trans- verse latd lunari, intus nitidd ; peristomate simplici, margine supero et basali expansis, columellari incras- sato-reflexo. Broperip’s Heirx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, finely striated, thin, whitish, keeled; spire scarcely raised, almost impressed at the apex, whorls four, flattened, increasing quickly, the last inflated at the base ; columella rather slanting, entering at the upper part; aperture transversely broadly lunar, shining interiorly ; lip simple, upper and basal edges expanded, columellar edge thickly reflected. Carocolla dealbata, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 45. Helix Broderipii, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines; Cuming. This approaches very closely to H. casta, but the shell is not so sharply angled, and is not indented upon the surface. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix virco. Hel. testa imperforatd, superne depressa, sublus inflata, acute carinatd, subtiliter striata, nitidd, diaphand, pallide stramined ; anfractibus quatuor, pla- niusculis ; columella oblique descendente, basi gibbuld ; apertura securiformi ; peristomate simplici, rufo, mar- gine supero recto, basali vix refleriusculo. Tue vircin Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed at the upper part, inflated beneath, sharply keeled, finely striated, shining, diaphanous, pale straw-colour ; whorls four in number, rather flat ; columella obliquely descending, rather gibbous at the base; aperture wedge-shaped ; lip simple, red, upper edge straight, basal edge slightly reflected. Carocolla virgo, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1841, p- 44. Helix virgo, Pfeiffer. Had, Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. Always of a uniform pale straw-colour, with the lip edged with red-brown. ’ - , a = f<@ iA} . a , a e , _ a » : i) = _ 9 7 — Pe . o : - Se, _ 7 * i} e ‘ 1 on _ ¢ - by 4a ‘% - » 7 v 7 - ' - =4 Ld _¢ a +. a > 716 —_— + IF. a G+ a 2.3 Heltx, Pl. XX. I4.b 1s a ig) a Me, Pirate XXII. Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix papyracea. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressa, tenuissimd, striis longitudinalibus et concentricis sub- tilissimé decussatd, pellucida, pallidé stramined ; spird depressi, planiusculd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, subplanulatis, ultimo basi inflato, acute carinato ; colu- mella brevi, declivi; aperturd subtrapezia ; peristo- mate tenui, simplici, margine supero recto, basali bre- vissime reflexo, cum columellari dilatato, albo, calloso, angulum formante. Tue paper Hevix. Shell imperforated, depressed, very thin, very finely decussated with longitudinal and concentric striae, pellucid, pale straw-colour; spire depressed, rather flat; whorls three to four, some- what flattened, the last inflated at the base, sharply keeled ; columella short, slanting; aperture subtra- pezoid; lip thin, simple, upper margin straight, basal very slightly reflected, with the columellar edge dilated, white, callous, forming an angle. Carocolla papyracea, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 36. Helix papyracea, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Extremely sharply angled and remarkably broadly ap- pressed at the base of the columella. Species 91. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetx coponopes. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-conoi- dei, solidd, oblique striatuld, lineis spiralibus confertis sublilissimé sculptd, nitidd, alba vel stramined, cas- taneo-fasciald ; spira campanulatd, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, vix convexis, ultimo antice descendente, basi juxta aperturam gibboso-subconstricto ; apertura obliqud, subquadrangulari-rotundata ; peri- stomate incrassato, reflexo, marginibus subapproximatis, callo nitido junctis, mellari. intus protuberantia dentiformi munito, extus dilatato, patente, sinuoso. THE BELL-LIKE Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely conoid, solid, obliquely finely striated, very finely sculptured with close-set spiral lines, shining, white or pale straw-colour, encircled with one or two chest- nut bands; spire bell-shaped, rather obtuse at the apex ; whorls five to six, slightly convex, the last descending in front, gibbosely constricted at the base next the aperture; aperture oblique, somewhat squarely rounded ; lip thickened, reflected, margins nearly approximated, joined by a shining callosity, columellar margin furnished inwardly with a tooth- like protuberance, dilated outwardly, open, sinuous. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 112. Hab. (sland of Nicobar ; T. Philippi. The aperture of this species is characterized by a strongly reflected callous lip, dilated over the umbilicus, where it is furnished with a tooth-like protuberance. Species 92. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LaBiuM. Hel. testa angusté umbilicatd, conoided, oblique striatuld, nitidd, tenui, pallid2 fulod, rufo-uni- cingulatd ; spird laté conoided, apice acuta ; anfrac- tibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo depressiusculo, basi subplano ; columella brevi, obliqua ; apertura angulato- lunari, intus albidd, fascia pellucente; peristomate tenui, latissimé expanso, reflexo, albo, latere dextro angulato, margine columellari umbilicum semioccul- tante. Tue wie Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, conoidal, obliquely finely striated, shining, thin, pale fulvous, encircled round the middle with a dark red band ; spire broadly conoidal, sharp at the apex; whorls six, rather convex, the last rather depressed, some- what flattened at the base; columella short, oblique ; aperture angularly lunar, whitish within, with the band showing through; lip thin, very broadly ex- panded, reflected, white, with the right side angled, columellar margin half-covering the umbilicus. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 64. f. 6. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. The form of this shell is that of a depressed cone, with a widely expanded lip to the aperture. Species 93. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx itituus. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-conoidea, apice obtusa, nitidd, albicante, luteo-fuscd vel rufo- castaned, zond rufa vel nigricante circumdata ; anfrac- tibus sex, sensim accrescentibus, convexiusculis, ultimo basi planiusculo ; aperturd transversé ovata ; peristo- mate valde reflexo, intus nigricante vel roseo, margine basali strictiusculo, cum columellari dilatato, umbilicum Sere tegente, angulum formante. May, 1851. HELIX.—Prare XXII. Tue rrumpetT Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly conoid, obtuse at the apex, shining, whitish, yel- lowish-brown or reddish-chestnut, encircled with a red or blackish zone ; whorls six, increasing gradually, rather convex, the last rather flat at the base ; aperture transversely ovate ; lip strongly reflected, blackish or tinged with rose within, basal margin rather drawn out, with the columellar margin dilated, almost covering the umbilicus and forming an angle. Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 309. Helix Ardouinii, Deshayes. Helix Papuensis, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. New Guinea. A fulvous red-zoned orbicular shell, of which the aper- ture is suffused with purplish-red. Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx zonauis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depressé, leviter strialuld, albido-flavd, fasciis castaneis cingulata ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo an- tice vix descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; aper- turd lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate albo, reflexo, marginibus disjunctis, columellari obtus? unidentato. Tue zoned Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, slightly striated, whitish-yellow, encircled with three to four chestnut bands; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last descending but little anteriorly ; umbilicus middling, open ; aperture lunar- subcircular; lip white, margins disjoined, columellar margin obtusely one-toothed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 70. f. 3. Hab. Moluccas. This has a rather more swollen form than the pre- ceding species, and is painted with more decided bands, especially around the base. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx xcrorus. Hel. testd imperforatd, subgloboso- depress, oblique tenuistriata ; spird convexd, apice obtusa, albida, epidermide tenui stramined indutd ; an- Jractibus quatuor, convexiusculis ; apertura lunari- ovata ; columella declivi, appressd; peristomate vix reflexo. Tue stckty Heitx. Shell imperforated, somewhat glo- bosely depressed, obliquely finely striated; spire convex, obtuse at the apex, white, covered with a thin straw-coloured epidermis; whorls four, rather convex; aperture lunar-ovate; columella slanting, appressed ; lip slightly reflected. Had. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. This is distinct throughout from J. Aldaiensis, but chiefly in the appressed part of the columella. Helix Pl. ALM =v HELIX. Pruate XXIII. Species 96. (Fig. a,b, e, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Srrena. el. testé imperforata, globoso-depressé, diaphand, spiraliter minutissime et confertissime striata, pallidé viridi aut stramined, fasciis rufis et saturate viridibus ornatd ; spird parum elevatd ; suturd levi ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo ad periphe- riam interdum subangulato, albido-cingulato, antice subito deflexo ; columella brevi, arcuatd, macula fused circumdaté ; apertura lunato-ellipticd, intus fasciald ; peristomate simplici, laté eapanso, nigricante vel albo, marginibus conniventibus. Siren’s Herrx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, diaphanous, spirally very minutely and closely stri- ated, pale green or straw-colour, ornamented with red and darker green bands; spire but little raised ; suture smooth; whorls four, rather convex, the last sometimes slightly angled at the periphery, encircled with white, suddenly deflected in front; columella short, arched, surrounded with a brown blotch; aperture lunar-elliptical, banded within; lip simple, broadly expanded, blackish, or white, with the edges closing inwards. Beck, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 39. Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines; Cuming. Distinguished by a peculiarly compressed form, the shell is of rather transparent substance, with the lip as fre- quently white as it is black. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix opauina. Tel. testa imperforatd, pyramidali, apice obtusa, tenui, hyalind, virescente-albidd, levi, nitidd ; suturd lineari, albo-marginata ; anfractibus sex, planis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; columella tenui, arcu- até, subdentatd, sulco obsoleto circumdatd ; apertura perobliquad, lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, vir expanso. Tue opat Hexrx. Shell imperforated, pyramidal, obtuse at the apex, thin, hyaline, greenish-white, smooth, shining; suture linear, edged with white ; whorls six, flat, the last obtusely keeled ; columella thin, arched, somewhat toothed, surrounded by an obsolete groove; aperture very oblique, lunately subcireular; lip simple, scarcely expanded. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 98. Hab, Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. This species, from its pyramidal plan of conyolution, approaches the Bulimus form; it must not, however, be confounded on that account with B. opalinus. Species 98. (Tig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) HeLix oomorpna. Hel. testd umbilicatd, ovato-oblonga, crassiusculd, longitudinaliter minut2 striatd +t sub- decussatim malleatd, castaned, prope suturam pallide fasciatdé ; spird obtuse ovato-conoided ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo spird paulo breviore ; apertura subverticali, ovali, intus nitide albé; peristomate late expanso, reflexo, marginibus approximatis, columellari valdé dilatato, reflero, umbilicum velante. THE EGG-SHAPED Buiimus. Shell umbilicated, ovately oblong, rather thick, longitudinally minutely striated and subdecussately indented, chestnut, with a pale band near the suture; spire obtusely ovately conical ; whorls five in number, convex, the last rather shorter than the spire; aperture subvertical, oval, shining white within ; lip broadly expanded, reflected, with the margins approximated, columellar margin much dilated, reflected, covering the umbilicus. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 103. Bulimus oomorphus, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines; Cuming. A rather solid shell, obliquely superficially indented, with a characteristic light band near the suture. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx optonca. Hel. testd umbilicatd, oblonga, subey- lindraced, tenui, brunned, subrugosd; spird magis minusve elongata, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, converis, ullimo spird multo breviore ; apertura subverticali, oblongo-ovali, intus livida ; pe- ristomate expanso, subreflexo, margine columellari valde dilatato, umbilicum suboccultante. Tue optone Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, oblong, sub- cylindrical, thin, brown, subrugose; spire more or less elongated, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six in number, convex, the last much shorter than the spire; aperture subvertical, oblong-oval, livid within; lip expanded, slightly reflected, colu- mellar margin much dilated, nearly concealing the umbilicus. June, 1851. a Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 40. Bulimus Lubanicus, Pfeiffer. Hab, (sland of Luban, Philippines. This approaches nearer to the type of Bulimus, but it was hardly necessary to remove the species to that genus, when it involved the necessity of altering the specific name. . Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Gapenti. Hel. testé imperforatd, conoided, lineis obliquis minutissimé subdecussatd, pallide flavescente, strigis undatis et flammis fuscis pictd ; suturd im- pressé ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo basi an- gulato ; columella obliqué, dilatatd, superne incras- satd ; aperturé subhorizontali, lunato-elliplicd ; peri- stomate lat2 expanso, albo, marginibus approximatis. Gasert’s Herrx. Shell imperforated, conoid, very mi- nutely decussated with oblique lines, pale yellowish, painted with brown waved streaks and flames ; suture impressed ; whorls six, rather flat, the last angled at the base; columella oblique, dilated, thickened at the upper part; aperture nearly horizontal, lunar- elliptical; lip broadly expanded, white, margins approximated. s880N, Voy. de la Coquille, vol. ii. p. 314. » Helix trochus, Quoy and Gaimard. Helix trochoides, Lamarck. Hab. New Guinea; Quoy. ‘This has completely the form of a Trochus, and is cha- racterized by broad closely painted zigzag streaks of Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewtx conrrormis. el. testé imperforatd, orbiculato- conoided, lavigatd, albido-fuscescente, fasciis fuscis sape articulatis ornald ; suturd profunda ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo basi planiusculo, antice de- scendente ; apertura perobliqué, magnd, ovali; peri- tibus, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato, appresso. stomate albo, tenui, late expanso, marginibus conniven- | HELIX.—Puate XXIII. Tne cone-suarep Hewrx. Shell imperforated, orbicu- larly conoidal, smooth, whitish-brown, ornamented with brown bands which are often articulated ; suture deep ; whorls five, convex, the last rather flattened at the base, descending in front; aperture very ob- lique, large, oval; lip white, thin, broadly expanded, margins drawn inwardly, basal margin reflected, columellar dilated, appressed. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 108. f. 1. Helix turbinata, Deshayes. Helix Tuffetii, Lesson. Hab. New Ireland. This approaches very closely to the preceding species ; it is chiefly characterized by the whorls being rounder and forming a deeper suture. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Dumonti. Hel. testa imperforata, coniformi, apice obtusiusculd, albidé ; anfractibus quingue, latis, converiusculis, ultimo basi subplanulato, ad peripheriam lined nigricante cincto ; columella intrante, obliqud, dilatatd ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristo- mate simplici, breviter expanso, margine supero an- trorsum arcuato, basali subreflexo. Dumont’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, cone-shaped, rather obtuse at the apex, whitish; whorls five, broad, rather convex, the last rather flattened at the base, encircled with a single black line at the peri- phery ; columella entering, oblique, dilated; aper- ture very oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, shortly expanded, upper margin arched in front, basal margin slightly reflected. Preirrer, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Helix, pl. 7. p. 6. Hal. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. The black line which encircles this shell is covered by the whorls, in their convolution, at the suture, which is of an opake white. It is not a line of colouring matter, but a line of deciduous epidermis deposited in a narrow groove. 403.6 104.8 105.4 108. a 104 a 106 Helia, Pl. 4X11 103.¢. HELIX. Puate XXIV. Species 103. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hevtx monticoia. Hel. testé imperforatd, semiovatd, tenui, oblique striata, flava, absque nitore, rufo-fasciatd, basi erugined ; apice obtuso ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis ; sutura lineari ; columella tenui, excavatd, arcuatd, alba ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peri- stomate simplici, reflexiusculo, margine dextro anticé subconstricto, antrorsum arcuato. THE HILL-INHABITING Hexrx. Shell imperforated, semi- ovate, thin, obliquely striated, yellow, without glitter, red-banded, base blue-green; apex obtuse; whorls four to five, rather flattened; suture linear; colu- mella thin, excavated, arched, white; aperture lunar- oval; lip simple, a little reflected, right margin sub- constricted in front, arched anteriorwards. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 167. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The most constant character in this species is its blue- green base. As illustrated by the accompanying figures, it is sometimes encircled with mottled brown bands on opake-white epidermis, sometimes with only a_ single band, and sometimes without any. Species 104. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix spuartca. Hel. testd imperforatd, globosd, ob- lique irregulariter rugulosd, flavd, haud nitente, fascia nived ad suturam, saturate rufa ad peripheriam ornatd, interdum fusco-strigata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, conveviusculis, ultimo juxta aperturam constricto ; columella lata, alba, subtuberosd, ared nigricante cir- cumdatd ; apertura lunato-circulari, intus nitide nived ; peristomate reflexo, nigro-marginato. Tue spnertcaL Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, obliquely irregularly rugulose, yellow, not shining, with a snow-white band at the suture, ornamented with a dark red band at the periphery, sometimes streaked with brown; whorls four to five, rather convex, last whorl constricted next the aperture ; columella broad, white, subtuberous, surrounded with a blackish area; aperture lunately circular, shining white within; lip reflected, edged with black. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 26. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Zebu, Philippines. This species is marked by a very rounded form, and is of rather unusually thick substance. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BiGonta. Hel. testa umbilicata, depresso-conoidea, tenui, oblique striatuld, fulvido-albd, fasciis rufis or- natd, basi planulatad ; suturd lineari; spird late conoi- ded; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo basi angulato; umbilico angusto, percio ; apertura horizontali, ellipticé ; peristomate simplici, margine supero expanso, basali late reflexo. THE TWO-ANGLED Hettx. Shell umbilicated, depressly conoidal, thin, obliquely finely striated, fulvous white, ornamented with reddish bands, flat at the base; suture linear; spire broadly conoidal; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last angled at the base; umbi- licus narrow, open; aperture horizontal, elliptical ; lip simple, upper edge expanded, basal broadly re- flected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 70. f. 2. Helix Samarensis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines; Cuming. Conspicuously encircled throughout with red-brown bands upon a yellowish-white ground. Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx ropiens. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subglobosd, tenui- usculd, diaphand, rufo-corned, oblique confertim pli- catd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato ; umbilico angusto, pervio; apertura lu- nato-subcirculari, intus nitidé carned; peristomate subeapanso, margine columellari dilatato, reflexo. prercep Hex1x. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, rather thin, diaphanous, reddish-horny, obliquely closely plicated ; whorls five to six, rather convex, THE last whorl slightly angled; umbilicus narrow, open ; aperture lunately subcircular, shining flesh-tinged within; lip slightly expanded, columellar edge di- lated, reflected. PreIrFeER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 39. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The horny substance of this species is quite unlike that of the Philippine Helices in general. The aperture is nearly round, with the lip tinged with flesh-pink. June, 1851. 1083 a 70G a 107.6 709 Wilh bc& Sf. HELIX. Pate XXV. Species 71. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Barreata. Hel. testa imperforatd, elongato-glo- bosi, solida, pallide sulphured, zonis viridibus et griseo- violaceis elegantissime notatd, apice obtuso, plerumque roseo ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis ; columella lat, perobliqud, superné obsolete tuberculatd, alba, purpureo-roseo tinctd ; aperturaé lunari; peristomate subincrassato, vix expanso, extus viridi, intus violaceo. THE BELTED Hewix. Shell imperforated, elongately glo- bose, solid, pale sulphur-coloured, elegantly marked with green and greyish-violet zones, apex obtuse, mostly rose; whorls five, rather convex; columella broad, very oblique, obsoletely tubercled at the upper part, white, tinged with purple-rose ; aperture lunar ; lip somewhat thickened, slightly expanded, green without, violet within. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 136. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines. The predominating colours of this species, in which there is little variety, are in grey and green rings upon a bright yellow ground, the apex and columella being mostly tinged with purple-rose. Species 107. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Festiva. Hel. testd imperforatd, crassi, globosd, purpurascente-rosed, epidermide hydrophand, fasciatd et oblique striata, indut@; spird obtuse conicd ; an- fractibus quinque, subrotundatis ; columella obliqud, intrante, vivide rosea ; peristomate valde incrassato, laté expanso, roseo. Tue Festive Hexrx. Shell imperforated, thick, glo- bose, purple-rose, covered with a banded and obliquely streaked hydrophanous epidermis ; spire obtusely conical; whorls five, somewhat rounded; columella oblique, entering, bright pink; lip very much thickened and broadly expanded, pink. Donovan, Naturalist’s Repository, vol. iii. pl. 103. Hab. San Juan, Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. This elegant species was described and admirably figured many years since by Mr. Donovan in his ‘ Natu- ralist’s Repository,’ from a specimen in the possession of Mrs. Mawe. It partakes of the characters of the IZ. pul- cherrima and Luzonica, subsequently discovered by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, and is from the same locality. It is chiefly distinguished by its solid globose form, and broadly expanded thickened lip. Species 108. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PERDITA. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-conicé, tenuiculd, oblique striatuld, apice suboblusd, ceruleo- albicante, apice rufo-aurantid, interdum omnino rufo- aurantid ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converis ; colu- mellé arcuatd, subintrante ; aperturd orbiculari-ovata, subverticali ; peristomate tenui, parum reflezo. Tue Lost Heurx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, rather thin, obliquely finely striated, rather obtuse at the apex, bluish-white, red-orange at the apex, sometimes entirely red-orange; whorls five to six, convex; columella arched, somewhat entering; aper- ture orbicularly ovate, nearly vertical; lip thin, but little reflected. Hab. Island of Batan, north of the Philippine group; Belcher. A considerable number of this species, extremely deli- cately coloured, were collected at the above-named island, by Sir Edward Belcher, during the voyage of the Sama- rang. It was thought to be a variety of H. Buschi, but does not agree with Dr. Pfeiffer’s description of that species. Species 109. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Inoconnsts. Hel. testd imperforatd, ovato-glo- bosd, crassiusculd, levi, coloribus diversissimis ornata ; spird conoided, obtusé ; anfractibus quingue, convexius- culis; columellé subrecta, lata ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate albo, simplici, lat? expanso, margine dextro extus medio impresso. Tue Inocos Herrx. Shell imperforated, ovately glo- bose, rather thick, smooth, ornamented with dif- ferent colours; spire conoid, obtuse; whorls five, rather convex; columella nearly straight, broad ; aperture lunar-oval, milk-white within; lip white, simple, broadly expanded, right margin impressed without in the middle. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 116. Hab. Province of Locos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Mr. Sowerby enumerates eighteen varieties of this spe- cies. They partake mostly of yellow and grey, encircled with light and red rings. June, 1851. Helix, fC AIT7 2 = HELIX. Piate XXVI. Species 110. (Fig. a, 4, c,d, e, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX annuLata. Hel. testd imperforatd, ovato-globosd, crassiusculd, aurantid vel citrind, fasciis purpureis rufis et violaceo-brunneis varie ornata ; anfractibus quinque, via convexiusculis, ultimo interdum subangulato ; colu- mella latd, crassi, albd, roseo circumdata ; apertura rotundato-lunatd, intus alba; peristomate incrassato, expanso, extus rufescente. Tue RrINGED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, ovately glo- bose, rather thick, orange or lemon colour, ornamen- ted with purple or red or violet-brown bands; whorls five in number, rather convex, the last sometimes slightly angled; columella broad, thick, white, rose- encircled ; aperture rotundately lunar, interior white ; lip thickened, expanded, reddish without. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p- 135. Hab. Province of Locos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. This little thickened species is variously banded, but has always an orange or yellow ground-tint. The suture of the spire is mostly painted with a deep crimson-red ring. Species 111 (Fig. 111 a, 4, and Fig. 114, Mus. Cuming.) HELIx spHxRion. Hel. testé imperforatd, globulosd, tenuiculd, striatuld, luteo-fulvd, epidermide non nitente, tenuissimd, induté; spird semiglobosd, apice obtuso, albo, nitido; sutura pallidé marginatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, supremis planulatis, ultimo inflato ; columellé tenui, arcuaté, subexcavata, alba ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus lacted, anticd fusciduld ; peristomate simplici, vie expansiusculo, margine supero antrorsum arcuato. THE LITTLE GLoBE Hettx. Shell imperforated, globu- lar, rather thin, finely striated, fulvous-yellow, covered with a thin dull epidermis ; spire semiglobose, obtuse, white, and shining at the apex; suture finely edged with white; whorls four to five, the uppermost rather flat, the last inflated; columella thin, arched, subexcavated, white; aperture lunar-oval, brown- tinted towards the front; lip simple, but little ex- panded, upper edge curved anteriorly. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 2. Hab. Islands of Leyte and Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. A light thin globular shell of fulyous or dark chestnut colour, characterized by a fine white edging round by the suture. —— ee Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TEPHRODES. Hel. testa imperforata, subglobosa, solidd, ponderosa, fulvescente, undique rufo-fusco lati- Sasciatd, strigis epidermidis cineree Iydrophane fere obtecté ; anfractibus qualuor ad quinque, cOnvEeris, su- premis depressis, rotundatis ; columelld lata, albé, sub- arcuatd ; apertura lunato-subcirculari, intus albé - peristomate simplici, reflexo. THE ASH-coLouRED Hexix. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, solid, ponderous, yellowish, encircled through- out with broad red-brown bands, almost covered with streaks of ash-coloured hydrophanous epidermis ; whorls four to five, convex, the uppermost depressed, rounded; columella broad, white, slightly arched ; aperture lunar-subcircular, white within ; lip simple, reflected. PrerrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p lve Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. This partakes very much of the characters of H. hydro- Phana and metaformis. All three are probably different states of one and the same species. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Jonast. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-convided, solidiusculd, levigatd, non nitente, pallide virescente ; spira obtuse conica ; anfractibus quinque, converiusculis, ultimo basi subplanato; columella albé, obliqua ; apertura lunari ; peristomate breviter incrassato, mar- gine columellari subdilatato, appresso. Jonas’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conoid, rather solid, smooth, not shining, pale sea-green ; spire obtusely conical; whorls five, rather convex, the last rather flattened at the base; columella white, oblique ; aperture lunar ; lip shortly thickened, colu- mellar margin slightly dilated, appressed. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p- 126, Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. This is apparently a white shell, its light sea-green co- louring being chiefly due to the presence of a thin epi- dermis. June, 1851. Helix, PLIXVH. 116.6 116.24 117. a So HELIX. PiLate XXVII. Species 115. (Fig. 115 and Fig. 117 a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SEMIGRANOSA. Hel. testdé obtecté umbilicatd, de- pressd, orbiculari, plus minus carinatd, crassiusculd, su- perneé olivaceo-fusca et minute granulatd, subtus radia- tim striatd et nitidissimé olivaceo-viridi, ad carinam rufo-fusco fasciata ; spird depresso-conoided, rufescente tincta ; anfractibus sex, nunc planulatis, nunc con- vexis ; aperturd angulaté lunari, intus albidd ; peri- stomate simplici, basi incrassatd, ad columellam sub- expanso. THe HALF-GRAINED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated and coyered, depressed, orbicular, more or less keeled, rather thick, olive-brown and minutely granulated over the upper part, radiately striated and very shin- ing olive-green beneath, banded with red-brown at the keel; spire depressly conoidal, tinged with red ; whorls six, now flattened, now convex; aperture angularly lunar, whitish within ; lip simple, thickened at the base, rather expanded at the columella. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1841, p. 26. Helix Blainvilleana, Lea. Eadem var. Helix Panayensis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Islands of Luban and Panay, Philippines ; Cuming. The upper and lower surfaces of this species present a striking contrast; the one being finely granulated, whilst the other is highly polished. Species 116. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heitx worizontatis. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressd, oblique striata, plus minus carinatd, luteo rufo-fas- ciatd, fasciis duabus supra, und infra, und ad carinam ; anfractibus quinque, planis, ultimo ad aperturam subitd fere verticaliter deflexo ; apertura horizontali, integra, oblonga ; peristomate crasso, reflexo, carneo, marginibus junctis. Tue wortzZonTaL Herx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, obliquely striated, more or less keeled, yellowish, red- banded, two bands above the keel, one on the keel, and one below it; whorls five, flat, the last suddenly almost vertically deflected at the aperture; aperture horizontal, entire, oblong; lip thick, reflected, flesh- tinged, margins joined. Helix horizontalis, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, f. 40. Radem var. Helix Reeveana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Islands of Bantayon and Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. Encircled throughout with rather broad red bands, while the aperture is characterized by having its thickened lip continuous. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SEMIGLOBOSA, globosd, tenui, lutescenti-corned, supra minutissime Hel. testé subumbilicaté, semi- granulatd ; suturd vix impressa ; anfractibus sex, planis, ultimo carinato, infra carinam lavigato, nitido, Sascid dilutd brunned notato ; apertura lunato-ellip- ticd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari late reflexo, umbilicun angustissimum semitegente. THE sEMIGLOBOSE Hetrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, semiglobose, thin, yellowish-horny, minutely granu- lated over the upper part ; suture scarcely impressed ; whorls six in number, flattened, the last keeled, smooth and shining below the keel, marked with a dilute brownish band; aperture lunar-elliptical ; lip simple, acute, columellar margin broadly reflected, half-covering the very confined umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 38. Hab, Islands of Leyte and Samar, Philippines; Cuming. - This only differs from H. semigranosa by its thin in- flated growth, and by the minuter character of its sculpture. Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SrQuijoRENSIS. Hel. testa imperforata, depressa, carinatd, crassiusculd, oblique striatuld, rufa, epider- mide albd hydrophand obductd ; spird parum exserta ; suturd lineari; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, pla- nulatis, ultimo non deflexo; carind acuta; aperturd securiformi ; peristomate intus nitido, supernd expanso, basi refleco, ad columellam arcuatam subincrassato, Tue Siquior Herrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, keeled, rather thick, obliquely finely striated, red, covered with a whitish hydrophanous epidermis ; spire but little éxserted; suture linear; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last not deflected; keel sharp; aperture wedge-shaped; lip shining within, expanded above, reflected at the base, somewhat thickened towards the arched columella. Carocolla Siquijorensis, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841,p.38 Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines; Cuming. This fine species is of a rich chestnut-red colour, covered partially with a slight hydrophanous epidermis, and tinged about the lip with purple. June, 1851. oa) ‘ Helix, FU.AA VIM. 470. Pree HELIX. Piate XXVIII. Species 120. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix parmMuLa. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressissimd, dis- coided, carinata, tenui, oblique striata, pallide fulva, Sasciis angustis rufis circumdatd ; spird vix elatad ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quingue, planis, ultimo ad aper- turam rugoso et angulatim deflexo ; carind acutissimd, alba ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura horizontali, lanceolata ; peristomate simplici, marginibus junctis, supero expanso, basali late reflero. THE LITTLE sHIELD Heurx. Shell umbilicated, very depressed, discoid, keeled, thin, obliquely striated, light fulvous colour, encircled with narrow red bands ; spire scarcely raised; whorls from four to five, flat, the last rough and angularly deflected at the aperture; keel very sharp, whitish; umbilicus middling, open ; aperture horizontal, lanceolately ovate; lip simple, with the margins joined, upper margin expanded, basal broadly reflected. Carocolla parmula, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 38. Hab. Islands of Negros and Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. This species is remarkable for its flatly compressed len- ticular form. Species 121. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Lasauii. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressd, cras- siusculd, levi, fulvescente, brunneo trizonata et epider- mide allbida hydrophand marmorata ; spird viz elaté ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo tereti, ad aperturam subito deflero ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura horizontali, auriformi ; peristomate valde incrassato, reflexo, continuo, margine supero si- nuoso, impresso, basali obsolete dentato. Lasati’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather thick, smooth, fulvous, encircled with three dark brown zones, marbled with whitish hydrophanous epidermis ; spire scarcely raised ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last lengthened, suddenly de- flected at the aperture; umbilicus middling, open; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped; lip very much thickened, reflected, continuous, upper margin sinu- ous, compressed, basal margin obsoletely toothed. Eypoux, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. pl. 115. f. 1. Helix meretriz, Sowerby. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Very conspicuously zoned, beneath a light net-work of epidermis, with a bold open umbilicus. Species 122. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PLANULATA. Hel. tesld umbilicata, orbiculato-con- verd, lenticulari, solidd, leviuscula, albd, Susco-griseo marmorata et interrupte fasciatd ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, plus minus planatis, ultimo tereti. interdum subangulato, antic? subits deflexo; umbilice mediocri, percio; apertura horizontali, integra, ellip- ticd ; peristomate incrassato, marginibus junctis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, unidentato. THE FLATTENED Hetrix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, lenticular, solid, rather smooth, white, marbled and banded in an interrupted manner with grey-brown; spire short, obtuse; whorls five in number, more or Jess flat, the last lengthened, some- times a little angled, anteriorly suddenly deflected ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture horizontal, entire, elliptical; lip thickened, with the margins joined, upper margin expanded, basal margin reflected, one- toothed. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p- 40. Helix auriculata, Swainson. Heliz papilionacea, Valenciennes. Helix collapsa, Férussac. Heliz Listeri, Gray. Hab. Islands of Mindoro, Luban, Negros, and Luzon, Phi- lippines ; Cuming. This species varies extremely in form, being sometimes very flat and lenticular, sometimes rounded and convex. It is always characterized by the same idea of grey speckled painting. Species 123. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heitx Pennantiana. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicata, orbiculato-conoidea, acute carinatd, tenui, striatuld. trregulariter et leviter malleatd, unicolori, carned, apice purpurascente ; anfractibus quingue ad ser, viz con- vexiusculis, ultimo anticé viz descendente, basi planius- culo ; aperturd perobliqud, angulato-lunari, intus albé. June, 1851. HELIX.—Puiate XXVIII. peristomate purpureo-roseo, laté expanso, margine basali gularly lunar, interior white ; lip purple-rose, broadly refleco, columellari brevi, umbilicum fer? tegente. expanded, basal margin reflected, columellar margin Pennant’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbicu- short, almost covering the umbilicus. larly conoid, sharply keeled, thin, finely striated, ir- | Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 67. _ regularly and lightly indented, pale nankeen colour, | Has, ——? purplish at the apex; whorls five to six, scarcely con- we bbe - vex, the last esol descending anteriorly, wep This is a very characteristic species, and at present one flattened at the base; aperture very oblique, an- bi great xarity. Ita Jocality 3s unknown. Hela PL AXIS 12%4.a 125.4 . 125.8. 126.a 126.0. 126.d. 126.6 | Ue ed Brad ie, Ge Prats XXIX. Species 124. (Fig. a, b,c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Dryore. Hel. testd imperforatd, orbiculato-con- vead, tenut, subtilissime decussatd, nitiduld, flavescenti- viridi, acute carinata ; spird subelevatd, apice nigri- cante ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, subplanulatis, ultimo basi planiusculo, antic? breviter deflexo ; aper- turd subhorizontali, angulato-ellipticd, ad carinam sub- canaliculatéd ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margine supero recto, basali breviter refleco, columellari dila- tato, appresso, albo vel nigro. Dryore’s Herix. Shell imperforated, orbicularly convex, thin, very finely decussated, shining, yellowish-green, sharply keeled; spire slightly raised, blackish at the apex; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last rather flattened at the base, shortly deflected in front ; aperture nearly horizontal, angularly elliptical, slightly channelled at the keel; lip simple, thin, upper mar- gin straight, basal margin shortly reflected, colu- mellar dilated, appressed, white or black. Carocolla Dryope, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 37. Helix prasina, Koch, Hab. Island of Burias and Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A delicate semitransparent sea-green shell, sometimes encircled with a black-brown spiral band. Where the columella is black-brown the colour is mostly continued along the lip. Species 125. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heix Recin». Hel. testa imperforatd, depressi, tenuis- sima, subtiliter striatd, lineis minutissimis concentricis subdecussatd, pellucida, nitidd, smaragdind ; spird de- pressd, planiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor, subplanulatis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo acute carinato, basi inflato ; apertura angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margine supero expanso, basali breviter reflexo, colu- mellari leviter arcuato, subdilatato, appresso. Tue Qurey’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, very thin, finely striated, slightly decussated with very minute concentric lines, transparent, shining, emerald-blue ; spire depressed, rather flattened ; whorls four, rather flattened, increasing rapidly, the last sharply keeled, inflated at the base: aperture angularly lunar ; lip simple, thin, upper margin ex- panded, basal margin shortly reflected, columellar margin slightly arched, dilated, and appressed. Carocolla Regine, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p- 36. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. This extremely delicate and beautiful species is truly remarkable for its fine emerald-blue colouring. Species 126. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Hex Tuersires. Hel. testé imperforatd, subcompla- natd, gibbd, tenui, subdiaphand, sulphured, castaneo- Sasciatd ; spird parum elatd ; sutura lineari ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo non de- flexo, acute carinato, prope aperturam subitd rotundato, gibbo ; aperturd subhorizontali, semiovali; peristomate simplici, late expanso. Tuersites’ Hexrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat smooth, gibbous, thin, rather diaphanous, sulphur- coloured, banded with chestnut; spire but little raised; suture linear; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last not deflected, sharply keeled, sud- denly rounded near the aperture, gibbous; aperture almost horizontal, semioval; lip simple, broadly ex- panded. Carocolla Thersites, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 38. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. This species is characterized by a singular contracted growth just before reaching maturity. It has the ap- pearance of an accidental distortion, but is constant in all specimens. June, 1851. 129 .a 43O.8 427.a Helix, £1. ANN. 727.C 725.6. HELIX. Puate XXX. Species 127. (Pig. a, b,c, Mus. Cuming.) Herix Sotarromwes. Hel. testa umbilicatd, valde depressa, lenticulari, tenui, pellucida, pallidé castanea aut lutes- cente, fascia fuscd aut nigricante ad suturam ornatd, sutura interdum albo-marginatd ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo acute carinato ; umbilico subamplo, pervio ; apertura subhorizontali, compresso-ovata ; labro tenui, simplici. Tue Sovartum-Like Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, very de- pressed, lenticular, thin, pellucid, light chestnut or pale yellow, ornamented with a brown or black band at the suture; suture sometimes edged with white ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last sharply keeled ; umbilicus rather large, wide open; aperture nearly horizontal, compressly ovate ; lip thin, simple. Hab. Dalaguete, Philippines ; Cuming. A thin flatly depressed transparent shell, formed very much like a Solarium, encircled with a characteristic dark band next the suture. Species 128. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix rota. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-lenticulari, superné planiusculd, basi inflatd, carinald, irregula- riter crispato-corruyatd, costis basalibus validioribus, obtusis, sordidé albidd vel spadiced, fasciis angustis castaneis, supra et infra carinam acutam, tuberculis albis undulatam, ornatd; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planis, ultimo antice subitd deflexo ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura lanceolata, ovata ; peristo- mate simplici, lale expanso, marginibus junctis, basali unidentato. Tue wHeeL Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly lenti- cular, rather flat above, inflated at the base, keeled, irregularly crisply wrinkled, the basal ribs being stronger; dull white or fawn-colour, encircled with narrow chestnut bands, two above and one below the keel, which is sharp and undulated with white tuber- cles; whorls four to five, flattened, the last suddenly deflected anteriorly ; umbilicus middling, open; aper- ture lanceolately ovate; lip simple, broadly expanded, margins joined, basal margin one-toothed. Carocolla rota, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1841, p. 45. Had, Island of Siquijor, Philippines; Cuming. This very pretty species is well characterized by its numerous concentric crisped wrinkles, while the keel at the periphery of the shell obtains a crimped pattern. Species 129. (Fig. a,4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix maroinata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, acute carinatd, oblique striata, pallid? fulvescente, fasciis pluribus rufis ornatd ; spird parum elatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo juxta aperturam superné inflato, valde deflexo ; carina alba, usque ad apicem con- spicud ; umbilico angusto, percio ; apertura horizon- tali, ellipticd ; peristomate simplici, marginibus junctis, supero late éxpanso, basali reflexo. THE MARGINED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, sharply keeled, obliquely striated, pale fulvous, orna- mented with numerous red lines; spire but little raised; whorls four, rather flat, the last inflated at the upper part near the aperture, very much deflected; keel white, conspicuous as far as the apex; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture horizontal, elliptical; lip simple, margins joined, upper margin broadly ex- panded, basal reflected. Mutter, Vermium terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 41. Helix scabrosa, Férussac. Helix Grayana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines ; Cuming. Dr. Pfeiffer refers this species to H. marginata of Miul- ler, but it is difficult to identify it without some doubt. Species 130. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GALLINULA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, acute carinatd, solidd, flavescenti-grised, fasciis nonnul- lis rufis et epidermide hydrophand, maculas triangulares pallidas formante, ornata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planis, ultimo ad aperturam subitd deflezo ; apertura horizontali, ellipticd ; peristomate subin- crassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali reflexo, ad umbilicum mediocrem, percium arcuato. THe LITTLE HEN Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, sharply keeled, solid, yellowish-grey, ornamented with some red bands and a hydrophanous epidermis forming light triangular blotches; whorls four to five, June, 1851. HELIX.—Puarte XXX. flat, the last suddenly deflected at the aperture ; aperture horizontal, elliptical ; lip slightly thickened, with the margins joined by a thin callosity, basal margin reflected, arched towards the umbilicus, which is large and open. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 40. Hab. Islands of Zebu and Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. This approaches very nearly to some varieties of H. pla- nulata, but is apparently distinct. Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix scropicuntata. el. testé umbilicatd, lenticulari, tenui, obliqué rugosa, fulvido-albidd, fusco-zonatd, cari- natd, basi lineis minutissimis concentricis ornatd ; spird parum elata, apice obtuso, nitido, glabro ; suturd lineart; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexius- culis, ultimo antice angulatim deflexo, basi prope aper- turam gibboso-inflato ; cariné subacutd ; umbilico an- gusto, pervio ; apertura transverse pyriformi ; peristo- mate simplici, continuo, superné expanso, basi late reflexo, unidentato ; dente obtuso, extus scrobiculum Sormante. Tue rurrowep Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, thin, obliquely rugose, fulvous-white, zoned with brown, keeled, marked at the base with minute con- centric lines; spire but little raised, apex obtuse, shining, smooth; suture linear; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last angularly deflected anteriorly, gibbously inflated at the base near the aperture ; keel rather sharp; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture transversely pear-shaped ; lip simple, continuous, expanded at the upper part, broadly reflected at the base, one-toothed; tooth obtuse, forming out- wardly a furrow. PrerFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 88. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. Allied in some measure to H. rota, but wanting in the peculiar erisped wrinkles and crimped keel which charac- terize that species. Helix, Pl. ££. IS2.a 132 3 782.C. 133. 6. 734.8 HELIX. Puate XXXI. Species 132. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix xantuorricna. Hel. testa obtecté subumbilicata, subdepressa, cinnamomed, interdum fasciatd, superne et ultra peripheriam regulariter et minute granulata, epidermide velutind indutd, pilis confertis, brevibus, aureis ; suturad profunda ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis, ultimo basi glabro, nitido; apertura latd, lunari, intus lacted, fusco-marginata ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari valde incrassato. THE YELLOW-HATRED Hexrx. Shell concealedly slightly umbilicated, rather depressed, cinnamon-coloured, sometimes banded, regularly and minutely granulated above and beyond the periphery, covered with a fleecy epidermis, of which the hairs are close-set, short, and of a golden colour; suture deep; whorls six, rounded, the last smooth and shining at the base ; aperture broad, lunar, milk-white within, edged with brown; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge much thickened. Helix velutina, Sowerby (not of Lamarck), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 25. Helix xanthotricha, Pfeiffer. An eadem var.? Helix Morchiana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Islands of Guimaras and Negros, Philippines; Cum- ing. The shell represented at Fig. 132 a is the variety which Dr. Pfeiffer has now elevated to the rank of a species. It is of lighter substance and banded, but is charac- terized by precisely the same peculiar granulated sculp- ture and yellow hairs. Species 133. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Zepurnsis. Hel. testé imperforatd, depressi, saturale rufa, epidermide liberd, hydrophand, rugulosé, variegatd vel omnino obductd, acute carinatd, basi sepe multifasciatd et radiata, apice nitidd, nigricante ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo vir deflexo ; columella subrectd, declivi, callosd ; apertura securiformi, intus nitide cerulescente ; peristomate su- perné tenue expanso, basi incrassato, reflexo. Tae Zesu Herix. Shell imperforated, depressed, dark red, variegated or altogether covered with a free wrinkled hydrophanous epidermis, often many-banded and rayed at the base, shining and blackish at the apex ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last scarcely deflected ; columella nearly straight, slanting, callous ; aperture wedge-shaped, shining pale blue within ; lip sometimes thin, expanded, thickened and reflected at the base. Carocolla Zebuensis, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 46. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. The epidermis of this very interesting species is some- times obliquely tessellated as at Fig. a, 4, and sometimes plain as at Fig. c,d; but in the latter case it is thicker and of a fibrous texture. Species 134. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GUMMATA. depressd, superné striis longitudinalihus et transversis minutim decussatd, fuscd, absque nitore, epidermide guamaceé induté, basi levi, nitidissima, fusco-lutes- cente, fascid lata luted ad peripheriam, latiore rufé subtus circumdald ; anfractibus sex ad septem, con- vexis, angustis; apertura lata, lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari incrassato, reflexo, um- bilicum fere obtegente. THE GumMMED Hetix. Shell slightly umbilicated, coni- cally subdepressed, minutely decussated at the upper part with longitudinal and transverse strie, brown, not shining, covered with a gummed epidermis, base smooth, very shining, brownish-yellow, encircled with a broad yellow band at the periphery and a broader red band underneath; whorls six to seven, convex, narrow; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, columellar edge thickened, reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 23. Helix luteo-fasciata, Lea. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Hel. testé subumbilicatd, conico-sub- Well characterized by the upper portion of the whorls having a peculiar gummed-like epidermis upon them, while below this they are shiny as porcelain. Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx sETIGERA. Hel. testd obtect2 subumbilicata, smé- semiglobosd, tenui, drunned, medio et superne grant- July, 1851. HELIX.—Puate XXXI. lata, epidermide seriatim setigera indutd, basi glabra, the periphery; spire depressly conoid; whorls six, nitidd, lutescente, fascia latd brunned infra peri- convex; aperture subrotundately lunar; lip simple, pheriam ; spird depresso-conoided ; anfractibus sex, columellar edge thickened. convexis ; apertura subrotundo-lunari ; peristomate | SowEnsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 25. simplici, margine columellari incrassato. Hab. (sland of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Tue Bristiy Hexrx. Shell concealedly slightly umbili- This species agrees with the preceding in the shiny cated, somewhat semiglobose, thin, brown, granu- | porcelain character of the shell, below the portion that is lated at the middle and upper part, covered with an | covered with an epidermis; but the epidermis is of quite epidermis planted with rows of bristles, base smooth, | another character, being thick-set with a profusion of deli- shining, yellowish, with a broad brown band beneath | cate bristles. Helix, Pl LLL. 736. 736.6 738.8 137.6 IO a 736 .¢€ Dp ee’ 136.1f . HELIX. Pirate XXXII. Species 136. (Fig. a to, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Hueeur. Hel. testa imperforatd, lenticulari, soli- diusculd, plus minus carinatd, nitidd, subltiliter striata, lineis minutissimis spiralibus sub lente decussata, flavida, viridi aut fusco varié cingulald ; spird vix elevala ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo antice breviter descendente; apertura subhorizontali, elliptico-ovata ; peristomate simplici, albo, marginibus conniventibus, supero breviter reflexo, basali leviter ar- cuato, appressé reflexo. Hucex’s Hers. Shell imperforated, lenticular, rather solid, more or less keeled, shining, finely striated, decussated beneath the lens with very minute spiral lines, yellowish, variously encircled with green or brown; spire but little raised; whorls four to five in number, rather convex, the last shortly descending in front ; aperture nearly horizontal, elliptically ovate ; lip simple, white, margins approximating, upper edge shortly reflected, basal edge slightly arched, ap- pressed, reflected. Carocolla bifasciata, Lea, Trans. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 1841, p. 465, pl. 12. £18. Helix Hugeli, Pfeiffer. Eadem var. Helix amena and H. Hanleyana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. This is an extremely variable species, both with respect to form and colouring. The sharply keeled state repre- sented at Fig. d andeis H. Hanleyana, and the grey variety at Fig. fis H. amena. Species 137. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIx FrBuLa. Hel. testd imperforatd, lenticulari, solidd, acute carinatd, oblique striatuld, lutescente-albd, utrin- que fascia unicd latiusculd griseo-nigricante, a carind remotd, linedque suturali castaned ornatd ; spird vie elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, vix convexius- culis, ultimo antice breviter deflexo ; apertura subhori- zontali, angulato-ellipticd ; peristomate simplici, mar- ginibus remotis, supero vie expanso, basali reflexo, appresso. Tue BuTTON Hexix. Shell imperforated, lenticular, solid, sharply keeled, obliquely finely striated, yellowish- white, with a single rather broad grey-black band on each side remote from the keel, and ornamented with a chestnut sutural line; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last shortly deflected in front ; aperture nearly horizontal, angu- larly elliptical; lip simple, margins distant, upper margin a little expanded, lower reflected, appressed. Prerrrer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 300. Carocolla fibula, Broderip. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. There is little or no variation in this species. Of the many specimens collected in the above-named locality by Mr. Cuming, all are of the same uniform size and colouring. Species 138. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GMELINIANA. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso- depressd, soliduld, irregulariter rugoso-malleata, cari- natd, nitidd, pallidé viridi, ad suturam et infra cari- nam albo-cingulatd ; spird subelevatd, apice obtusa, albidd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, viz convexius- culis, sensim accrescentijus, ultimo non descendente, basi planiusculo ; apertura angulato-lunari ; peristo- mate subincrassato, margine supero breviter expanso, antrorsum arcuato, basali reflero, columellari declivi, dilatato, albo-calloso. Gmein’s Hetix. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, rather solid, irregularly rugosely indented, keeled, shining, pale green, encircled with white at the suture and beneath the keel; spire slightly raised, obtuse and whitish at the apex; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing gradually, the last not descending, rather flattened at the base; aperture angularly lunar; lip rather thickened, upper edge shortly expanded, arched anteriorly, basal edge re- flected, columellar edge slanting, dilated, callous- white. PreirFEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 43. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A delicate and very characteristic species, of which the surface is irregularly indented throughout. It is of a peculiar light sea-green colour, encircled by a narrow opake-white band of epidermis beneath the spiral keel. July, 1851. ( 42.4. thhia 14-3. Helio, PLAKAT. 142.8. 144.8. HELIX. Prate XXXII. Species 139. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx cyatuus. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculato- conicd, superné arcuatim costulato-striatd, unicolore, fusca; spird elevatd, obtuse conicad ; suturd distinctd, crenulato-marginatd ; anfractibus sez ad septem, con- veviusculis, ultimo carinato, basi sublevigato, planius- culo ; umbilico magno, profundo, cyathiformi ; apertura subverticali, angulato-lunari; peristomate simplici, margine supero recto, basali arcuato, reflexiusculo, colu- mellari breviter descendente. Tue cur Hetix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly conical, sculptured over the upper part with arched rib-like strize, uniform brown colour; spire raised, obtusely conical; suture distinct, crenulately margined ; whorls six to seven, slightly convex, the last keeled, rather smooth and flattened at the base; umbilicus large, deep, cup-shaped ; aperture rather vertical, angularly lunar; lip simple, upper edge straight, basal edge arched, a little reflected, columellar edge shortly de- scending. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 123. Hab. St. Juan, Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. A thin horny sharp-angled species, having the form of Solarium. Species 140. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix acutmmarco. Hel. test depressi, supra planius- culd, basi convexd, tenui, pellucida, pallidé corned, acute carinatd, supra carinam striis nonnullis spiralibus con- fertis notaté ; anfractibus sex, lente accrescentibus ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; aperturdé angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THe sHarp-EDGED Hexix. Shell depressed, rather flat at the upper part, convex at the base, thin, trans- parent, light horny, sharply keeled, marked above the keel with a few close-set spiral lines; whorls six, increasing slowly; umbilicus middling, open; aper- ture angularly lunar; lip simple, acute. PreirreR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 40. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming. This has very much the form of HZ. planorbis, but it is of a different substance, pale horny and transparent. The keel forms a kind of thread around the spire, and is seen throughout in the place of the suture. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex raputa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, sublenti- culari, solidiusculd, pallid2 corned, carinatd, striis in- crementi confertis et lineis acuté prominentibus spirali- bus exasperatd ; anfractibus sex, converiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo basi inflato, confertim et radialim costulato-striato ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura lunato-elliptica ; peristomate simplici, viz incrassato, marginibus callo lineari junctis. THe GRATER Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, sub- lenticular, rather solid, light horny, keeled, roughened with close-set strice of growth and sharply prominent spiral lines; whorls six, rather convex, increasing slowly, last whorl inflated and sculptured at the base with close-set rayed rib-like strie; umbilicus mid- dling, open; aperture lunar-elliptical ; lip simple, but little thickened, margins joined by a linear callosity. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 40. Hab. Province of Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. The chief peculiarity of this species consists in the de- licate raised lines which encircle the spire. Species 142. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix quiets. Hel. test@ umbilicatd, subdiscoided, ful- vescente-corned, diaphand, sub lente undigque minutis- sim2 granoso-punctatd ; spird depressd ; anfractibus quingue, viz convexis, ultimo ventricoso ; umbilico me- diocri, profundo, pervio ; apertura lunato-rotundata, verticali ; peristomate carneo-albicante, subexpanso, ar- cuatim descendente. THE UNDISTURBED Heurx. Shell umbilicated, subdis- coid, fulvous horny, diaphanous, beneath the lens everywhere minutely granosely punctured ; spire de- pressed ; whorls five, convex, last whorl ventricose ; umbilicus middling, deep, open; aperture lunately rounded, vertical; lip flesh-white, a little expanded, arcuately descending. Hab. Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philip- pines; Cuming. This approaches very nearly in form to H. discordialis, Férussac, but it will be found to be distinct on comparison. ee Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) Heux Micuenstana. Hel. testd umbilicata, globosd, July, 1851. subpellucidd, valde et confertim plicatd, in interstitiis minute spiraliter striatd, rufa vel lutescente-fuscd ; spi- ra conoideo-semiglobosd ; anfractibus quinque, convezis, ultimo ventricoso, antice vir descendente, circa umbilicum angustum compresso ; apertura subverticali, rotundato- lunari ; peristomate vix expanso, albo, margine columel- lari dilatato-patente. Micuexs’ Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globose, subpel- lucid, strongly and closely plicated, minutely spirally striated in the interstices, reddish or yellowish-brown; spire conoidal-semiglobose ; whorls five, convex, the last ventricose, scarcely descending in front, com- pressed around a narrow umbilicus; aperture nearly vertical, rotundately lunar; lip scarcely expanded, white, columellar edge dilately open. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab. Surigao, Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. Characterized throughout by an irregular closely plicated concentric sculpture. Species 144. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BREVIDENS. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui- usculd, minute granulata, pallide fuscd, lined fusca superne circumdaté ; spird subplanulaté ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo basi inflato ; umbilico an- gusto, semitecto; apertura lunari, intus alba; peri- stomate simplici, reflero, margine columellari expanso, basali unidentato. Tue suort-rootH Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, minutely granulated, pale brown, encircled at the upper part by a brown line; spire rather flattened ; whorls four, rather flat, the last inflated at HELIX.—Puare XXXIII. the base; umbilicus narrow, half-covered; aperture lunar, interior white; lip simple, reflected, colu- mellar edge expanded, basal edge one-toothed. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 25. Hab. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. The granules by which this species is characterized appear to belong to the epidermis. Species 145. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Beckrana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, tenui, oblique striata, fusca, vix nitiduld ; spird parum elatd ; sulurd lineari ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo de- flewo, basi planiusculo, ad peripheriam angulato ; angulo ad aperturam obsoleto ; umbilico majusculo, pervio ; apertura fere horizontali, subtrapezoidali ; peristomate calloso, margine columellari brevi, basali reflero, quasi in tuberculum incrassato. Beck’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, obliquely striated, brown, scarcely shining; spire but little raised; suture linear; whorls six, rather flattened, the last deflected, rather flattened at the base and angled at the periphery; angle obsolete next the aperture; umbilicus rather large, open; aperture nearly horizontal, subtrapezoid; lip callous, colu- mellar edge short, basal edge reflected as though it were thickened into a tubercle. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 87. Kadem var. Helix Kierulfii, Pfeiffer. Hab. \sland of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The callous thickening of the lip is a peculiarity to be observed in this species. The variety noticed above is of lighter substance, with the whorls more spread. A 7 ' a on a i an’ _ _ ape - _ ; ; “} 7 147.a 150. werty, del et hth W484 co 10a, Helta, [7 XYNIN. - 17.6. 159. HELIX. Pirate XXXIV. Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix sarcopes. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, tenuissimd, levi, fragili, stramineo-corned, pellucida ; spird parum elevatd, suturd marginatd ; anfractibus quatuor, plano- convexris, ultimo multo majore, inflato ; apertura la- tissimé lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columel- lari tenuiter reflexo. THE FLESH-TINTED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, very thin, smooth, fragile, straw-coloured horny, transparent ; spire but little raised, suture margined ; whorls four, flatly convex, last whorl much larger, inflated ; aper- ture very broadly lunar; lip simple, columellar edge thinly reflected. Preirrer, MSS. Mus. Cuming. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This species has more the form of Vitrina than HT. Vi- trinoides, by reason of the broader and more inflated growth of the last whorl. The shell represented at Fig. 147 a, 4, named in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet H. subcentralis, Beck, proves to be a variety of Sp. 150, 7. ceratodes. Species 148. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hex spectaBiuis. el. testa vie umbilicatd, turbinato- depressa, solida, nitidissima, corneo-luted, fascia unicd rufa vel nigricante percurrente interdum ornatd ; spird magis minusve elevatd, apice sepe rubicundd ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo infra fas- ciam angulato; apertura late lunari; peristomate simplict, acuto, margine columellari subreflexo, umbili- cum tegente. THE REMARKABLE Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, tur- binately depressed, solid, very shining, horny yellow, sometimes encircled by a red or blackish band ; spire more or less raised, often reddish at the apex ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last angled below the band; aperture broadly lunar; lip simple, acute, co- lumellar edge a little reflected, covering the umbilicus. Prererer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 41. Hab. Islands of Samar and Leyte, Philippines ; Cuming. A rather solid, shining, horny species, mostly encircled with a conspicuous band. The shell can hardly be said to be umbilicated. Species 149. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX stmiuaris. Hel. testd angust? umbilicatd, subde- presso-globosd, minut? striata, diaphand, corned, inter- dum rufi-zonata; spird magis minusve elatd; anfractibus quingue, convewiusculis ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate albo, reflexo, margine columellari subdila- tato. Tue stmriar Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, some- what depressly globose, minutely striated, diaphanous, pale horny, sometimes encircled by a red zone ; spire more or less raised; whorls five in number, rather convex ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip white, re- flected, columellar margin slightly dilated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 25 B. f.1, 4, and pl.27 4. £.3. Helix translucens, King. Helix Woodiana, Lea. Helix cestus, Benson. Eadem var. Helix addita, Férussac. Hab. Brazil, Bourbon and Cuba, Java, Seychelles, Mauri- tius, Bengal, China, Philippine Islands. Whilst most Helices are extremely local in their habita- tion, this obtains a singularly wide range. It is found with little variation in all the localities above recorded. Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ceratopEs. Hel. testé vir umbilicata, globoso- depressd, tenui, minute striatuld, nitiduld, pellucida, corned ; spird parum elevaté ; anfractibus quingue, subplanulatis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo subde- presso ; apertura ampla, oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari breviter reflexius- culo, umbilicum fere occultante. THE WAX-LIKE Heix. Shell slightly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, thin, minutely striated, shining, transparent, horny ; spire but little raised ; whorls five, rather flattened, increasing rapidly, last whorl slightly depressed ; aperture large, obliquely lunar ; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin shortly mode- rately reflected, almost concealing the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 128. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. A simple horny shell, distinguished from its allied species by a row of short arched striw next the suture. July, 1851. HELIX.—Priate XXXIV. Species 151. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx Vitrrinomes. Hel. testd vie umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, laevigata, fragili, pallide corned ; spird via ele- vata ; suturé marginald ; anfractibus sex, vix con- vexiusculis, ultimo lato, basi convexiore ; apertura late lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto, margine columellari vie reflexiusculo. Tue VirriNa-Like Heuix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressed, thin, smooth, fragile, pale horny ; spire but little raised ; suture margined; whorls six, slight- ly convex, the last broad, more convex at the base ; aperture broadly lunar ; lip simple, straight, sharp, columellar edge very little reflected. Desuayes, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1831, pl. 26. Hal. Philippine Islands. Very similar to the preceding species, but smaller, more compressed, and of a lighter horny substance, Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix excentrica. Hel. lestd subumbilicata, superné planiusculd, basi inflata, tenui, cered, nitidd, striis excentricis subcostulatd, acute carinaté ; anfractibus quatuor, supra planis, rapide accrescentibus ; apertura securiformi ; peristomate simplici, acuto, ad perfora- tionem angustissimam dilatato-reflexo. Tue excentric Hexix. Shell slightly umbilicated, rather flat at the upper part, inflated at the base, thin, wax- like, shiny, faintly ribbed with fine excentric striw, sharply keeled ; whorls four, flat above, increasing rapidly ; aperture wedge-shaped ; lip simple, sharp, dilately reflected over the very narrow umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 41. Hab. \sland of Siquijor, Philippines ; Cuming. Of the true Carocolla type, with all the appearance of being an immature shell. (55.8. Bewweriy, dol ot hth 185.a. 158. b. 156.4 Meler S71 AAAY. 154.0, HELIX. PraTe XXXV. The shells figured in the central column of this Plate at Fig. 153 a, 4, and 156 a, 4, prove, upon a careful examination and comparison of many specimens, to be identical with H. Metcalfei, Pfeiffer, described and figured by me at Plate XXX. as a new species, in error, with the name ZH. Solarioides. The shell figured in the accompany- ing plate at 153 a, 6,is H. albocincta, Pfeiffer, but all these now appear to be so many different varieties of J. planorbis, Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, p. 312. pl. 13. f. 4. I propose, therefore, to regard H. Metcalfei, Solarioides, and albocincta, as synonymes of H. planorbis, Sp. 127. Species 154. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Bonorensts. Sel. testé imperforatd, depressi, lenticulari, acuté carinata, tenui, corneo-albida ; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus septem, planulatis, regula- riter confertim striatis, supra carinam lineis duabus acute elevatis approximatis cinctis, ultimo basi con- vexiusculo, striatulo, medio vix impresso, antice non descendente ; aperturd verticali, depressissimd, angulato- lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero brevissimo. Tue Bonon Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, len- ticular, sharply keeled, thin, horny white; spire rather convex; whorls seven, flattened, regularly closely striated, encircled above the keel with two sharply elevated approximating lines, last whorl rather convex at the base, finely striated, scarcely impressed in the middle, not descending anteriorly ; aperture vertical, very depressed, angularly lunar ; lip simple, sharp, upper edge very short. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 123. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines; Cuming. There is a great deal of character in the upper surface of this shell, each whorl being closely striated in delicate con- centric folds, and encircled next the keel by two fine linear ridges. Species 155. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix anceps. Hel. testé subumbilicatd, lenticulari, pallidé corned, acute carinatd, supra striata, subtus nitidad ; anfractibus sex, vie converiusculis, ultimo basi convexiore, levigato, infra carinam compresso breviter prominente lineis nonnullis impressis concentricis no- tato ; aperturd angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margine columellari vix refleciusculo. THE TWo-FaceD Hetix. Shell slightly umbilicated, len- ticular, pale horny, sharply keeled, striated above, shining below; whorls six, scarcely convex, last whorl more convex, smooth, marked with a few im- pressed lines beneath the keel, which is rather pro- minent ; aperture angularly lunar; lip simple, thin, columellar edge but little reflected. Carocolla anceps, Gould, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 454. p. 24. £. 4. Hab. Tavoy, Burmah. The striee which characterize the upper surface of this species are very thickly and irregularly sculptured, and have the appearance of concentric folds. For Species 156 see Pl. XXXIX. Species 157. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BIANGULATA, lel. testd subumbilicatd, convero- orbiculari, tenui, corneo-rubella, leviter striata, niti- diusculd ; anfractibus septem, ultimo bicarinato, carina inferiore filari ad periphe- riam, superiore per omnes anfractus ascendente ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, um- bilicum angustissimum fere occultante. Tue TWwo-aNGLeD Hetrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, convexly orbicular, thin, horny, ruddy, closely stri- ated, rather shining ; whorls seven, increasing slowly, last whorl two-keeled, lower keel thread-like around the periphery, upper keel ascending throughout the spire; aperture lunar-oval ; lip simple, sharp, almost concealing the very narrow umbilicus. PrerrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 40. Hab. Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. lent2 accrescentihus, The upper and lower keels are both seen throughout the spire, the latter having a more distinct thread-like form. July, 1851. Melo, 14. AXA. Hib YTx. Puate XXXVI. Species 158. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx rrocincra. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, pellucidd, corned, striatuld, nitidd ; spird parum ele- vatié, obtusa; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexius- culis, carinatis, ultimo basi convexo; carina filiformi, in anfractibus superioribus conspicud, sed non exserta ; apertura verticali, lunato-subauriformi ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari perobliquo, elon- gato, descendente, ad dextrum subitd ascendente. THE THREAD-GIRT Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, pellucid, horny, finely striated, shining; spire but little elevated, obtuse; whorls five to six, rather convex, keeled, last whorl convex at the base; keel thread-like, conspicuous in the upper whorls, but not exserted; aperture vertical, lunately subauriform ; lip simple, straight, columellar margin very oblique, elongated, descending, ascending suddenly to the right. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 124. Hab. Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. The keel of this little horny species is rather prominent, and passes around the spire like a fine thread. Species 159. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx ortnostoma. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depress, superne confertim subarcuato-striatd, tenui, pellucida, pallidé cornea ; spird via elevatd, obtusa ; anfractibus sex, angustis, convexis, suturis impressis, ultimo basi sublevigato ; umbilico majusculo, cylindraceo ; apertura verticali, oblique lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero brevi, basali valdé arcuato, columellari dilatato, sinuato. THE sTRAIGHT-MoUTH Hettx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, closely subarcuately striated above, thin, pellucid, pale horny; spire scarcely raised, obtuse ; whorls six, narrow, very convex, with the sutures impressed, last whorl rather smooth at the base; umbilicus somewhat large, cylindrical; aperture ver- tical, obliquely lunar; lip simple, sharp, upper edge short, basal edged much arched, columellar edge di- lated, sinuated. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 124. Hab. Dingle, Island of Panay, Philippines; Cuming. The whorls of this little species are so convex at the upper part as to give the sutures of the spire a very im- pressed character. Species 160. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sTRIGILIS. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressd, lenti- culari, tenui, pellucida, pallidé corned, aculé carinata ; spird parum elecatd ; anfractibus sex, angustis, vir convexiusculis, superne confertim radiatim costulato- striatis, lineis elevatis, spiralibus reticulatis, ultimo basi convexiore, levigato, nitido ; umbilico mediocri, cylindraceo ; apertura subcerticali, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero brevi, basali valdé arcuato. THE FINELY STREAKED Heurx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, lenticular, thin, pellucid, pale horny, sharply keeled; spire but little raised; whorls six, narrow, slightly convex, closely radiately sculptured with minute rib-like striae and reticulated with raised spiral lines, last more convex at the base, smooth, shining; umbilicus middling, cylindrical; aperture subvertical, angularly lunar ; lip simple, acute, upper edge short, basal edge much arched. PreIrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 124. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. Well distinguished by the minutely reticulated sculpture of the upper surface of the whorls. Species 161. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hextx succtnea. Hel. testé depressd, obsolet2 subumbi- licatd, tenui, pellucida, nitidd, succined, medio saturate fasciaté ; suturd mediocri, submarginatd ; anfractibus quinque, celeriter accrescentibus, vix convexiusculis ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari subreflexo, umbilicum obsoletum tegente. Tur aMBER Hetrx. Shell depressed, obsoletely slightly umbilicated, thin, pellucid, shining, amber-coloured, banded darker round the middle; suture middling, slightly margined; whorls five, increasing rapidly, scarcely convex ; aperture lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge a little reflected, covering the obso- lete umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 39. Hab. Island of Luzon and Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. July, 1851. HELIX.—Prate XXXVI. This little species may be recognized by its bright transparent amber-colour, forming a darker band around the periphery. Species 162. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Wrytertana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressi, superne convexiusculd, pallide corned, nitiduld, obsolete carinatad ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo descendente ; umbilico lato, pervio; aperturd subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, simplici, margine basali subreflexo. Winrer’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, slightly convex above, pale horny, but little shining, obso- letely keeled ; whorls five to six, rather flattened, the last descending; umbilicus broad, open; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, simple, basal margin slightly | reflected. Preirrer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 41. Hab. Java; Winter. Island of Guimaras, Philippines ; Cuming. This little species has a rather dull silky appearance, and the keel is more prominent in some specimens than in others. | Goutp’s Heurx. Species 163. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Gouupi. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-conica, tenuiusculd, subtiliter striatuld, vir nitiduld, unicolore Suscé ; spird elevatd, conoided ; anfractibus sex, con- vexiusculis, ultimo carinato, antice subrotundato, basi planiore ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; aperturd lunato- circulari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus subconni- ventibus, dextro recto, columellari subdilatato, patente, basali reflexiusculo. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly conical, rather thin, very finely striated, uniform bright brown; spire raised, conoid; whorls six, slightly convex, the last keeled, subrounded anteriorly, flatter at the base; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunately circular; lip simple, with the margins in- clined to approximate, right edge straight, colu- mellar edge subdilated, patent, basal edge a little re- flected. PreIFrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 124. Hab. Islands of Luzon and Negros, Philippines; Cuming. A light semitransparent golden-brown shell, of which the whorls are convoluted more into the form of a cone. Ml 17 XNNNVUL. 164. "ek tS. S.a he 166. => a (00a. 168. b. 170. werby, Gel et. hth Paix. Puate XXXVI. Species 164. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Luctpevia. Hel. testd minutd, umbilicatd, depressd, striatulii, nitidissimd, rufescente-brunned ; spird sub- planulatd ; suturé albo-marginaté ; anfractibus qua- tuor, planis, ultimo basi vix convexiore, medio impresso, angustissime umbilicato ; apertura obliqué lunari ; pe- ristomate simplici, obtuso, margine columellari declivi, viz incrassato. THE GLITTERING Hexix. Shell minute, umbilicated, depressed, finely striated, glittering, red-brown; spire rather flattened; suture white-edged; whorls four, flat, the last more convex at the base, impressed in the middle, very narrowly umbilicated; aperture obliquely lunar; lip simple, obtuse, columellar edge slanting, scarcely thickened. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 41. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. An extremely small shining horny shell of reddish hue, in which the suture shows like a fine white thread. Species 165. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetx Grapata. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-turbi- natd, striatuld, tenui, hyalind ; spird turbinatd, apice acuta ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, gradatis, ultimo medio acute carinato, basi convexo, sub lente minutis- sime concentrice striato ; apertura subtetragono-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari breviter et verticaliter descendente. THe step-BurLr Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, finely striated, thin, hyaline; spire turbi- nated, sharp at the apex; whorls six, rather convex, arranged like steps, the least whorl sharply keeled round the middle, convex at the base, beneath the lens very minutely concentrically striated ; aperture some- what quadrangularly lunar; lip simple, sharp, colu- mellar edge shortly vertically descending. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab. Island of Leyte, Philippines; Cuming. A small glassy shell turbinated somewhat pyramidally in the form of a Zrochus. Species 166. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Toneana. Hel. testd imperforatd, orbiculato-co- nicd, striatuld, fragili, pellucida, carinatd, corneo-alhi- cante ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo basi sub- impresso ; aperturd angulato-lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine columellari brecissim> reflexo. Tux Tonea Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly co- nical, finely striated, fragile, pellucid, keeled, horny- whitish ; whorls six, rather convex, the last some- what impressed at the base; aperture angularly lunar ; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge very shortly reflected. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de I’ Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 130. p- 11. f. 19-23. Hab. Island of Tonga Tabou; Quoy. Philippines ; Cuming. Island of Negros, This is of aless pyramidal form than the preceding species, and broader and more impressed at the base. Species 167. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Henix rurpinrrorsus. Hel. testd umbilicatd, Trochi- formi, oblique striatuld, corneo-albidd ; spird elevald, apice acuta ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, parum ex- sertis ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE TOP-SHAPED HeELix. Shell umbilicated, Trochus- shaped, obliquely finely striated, horny-white ; spire raised, sharp at the apex; whorls five, convex, but little exserted ; aperture lunar; lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 350. Helix pyramidatoides, D’Orbigny. Helix subpyramidalis, Adams. Eadem var. Helix depressa, Adams. Hab. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica; Adams. This little glassy species differs from the preceding species in being umbilicated and not keeled. Species 168. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Gemma. Hel. test@ subumbilicaté, conoideo-orbicu- latd, tenui, laevigata, nitidd, pellucida, virenti-hyalina ; spirad depresso-conoided ; suturd submarginalad; an- Sractibus quatuor, vir convexiusculis, sensim accrescen- tibus, ultimo non descendente ; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari brevi, arcuato, superné reflexiusculo. Tue Gem Hextx. Shell slightly umbilicated, conoidal July, 1851. e HELIX.—Puiate XXXVI. orbiculated, thin, smooth, shining, transparent, greenish-hyaline; spire depressly conoid; suture slightly marginated ; whorls four, scarcely convex, increasing gradually, last whorl not descending ; aperture but little oblique, rotundately lunar; lip simple, straight, columellar edge short, arched, a little reflected at the upper part. Preirrek, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 109. Hab. Islands of Camiguing and Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A small delicate species having somewhat the form of Vitrina, and referred to that genus in manuscript by Dr. Beck, under the name /’. su/uralis. Species 169. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx arcuata. Hel. testd umbilicata, orbiculato-con- vera, tenui, pellucida, pallidé corned, confertim et re- gulariter arcuato-plicatd ; spird late conoided, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus sex, vix convexiusculis, carind acuta serrulaté marginatis, ultimo circa umbilicum magnum fere cylindraceum subcompresso ; apertura an- gulato-lunari, lata ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari brevi, verticali. Tue akcuaTep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, thin, pellucid, pale horny, closely and regu- larly arcuately plicated; spire broadly conoidal, ra- ther obtuse at the apex ; whorls six, but little convex, edged with a sharp serrulated keel, last whorl com- pressed around the umbilicus, which is large and almost cylindrical ; aperture angularly lunar, broad ; lip simple, sharp, with the columellar edge short and vertical. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. The whorls of this species are convoluted round a broad perspective umbilicus, aud are delicately sculptured on the upper surface by close-set plicated striz. Species 170. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx cyatuenitus. Hel. testa umbilicatd, conicad, ob- lique plicato-striatd, costatd, tenuiculd, corned ; spird pyramidatd, acutiusculd ; anfractilus novem, angus- lissimis, carind filiformi cinctis, ultimo basi planiusculo, sublevigato ; umbilico majusculo, pervio; apertura depress, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, mar- gine supero brevi, recto, basali leviter arcuato, brevis- sime reflexo. Tue LiTtLe-cur Heurx. Shell umbilicated, conical, ob- liquely plicately striated, very thin, horny; spire pyramidal, rather sharp; whorls nine, very narrow, encircled by a thread-like keel, last whorl rather flat and smooth at the base; umbilicus large, open ; aperture depressed, angularly lunar ; lip simple, up- per edge short, straight, basal edge slightly arched, very shortly reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 41. Hab. Dingle, Island of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming. Very similar in form to the preceding species, but larger, with more whorls. — a . “ 7 7 - 7 > eS , ’ tae * gy : , . 7 o , 7 . > _ — : . - - 7 = = 4. ek . . - ae . “2 - af © ‘=> _ . a P . bg - 7 re : 7 . = st) - a = - a a aad —— a om Cc ; _ - 7 ee oom 7 iaA ' a 7 - = mena > [Fr —- 7 ms’ _ a vo. = . r - - - Pe a ~ a 7 > - _ _ > ee , . a A 7 i a eee _ - » ©. ’ 7 ‘ > 7 . ' a] i . ® . - . _ =< oe - - ’ i. 7 > © | Hela 17. XXXVI HET. Pirate XXXVIII. Species 171. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLiIx Lanx. Hel. lestd lat? umbilicatd, depressd, obtuse carinatd, oblique striatd et rugoso-malleatd, fuscé, infra carinam saturatiore, circa umbilicum olivaceo- luted ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo antice subdeflexo ; umbilico peramplo, pervio ; apertura lu- nato-ellipticd, intus subiridescente ; peristomate re- flexo, intus carulescente-albo, marginibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, dextro sinuoso. Tur pis Hextx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, obtusely keeled, obliquely striated and rugosely in- dented, brown, darker beneath the keel, olivaceous- yellow around the umbilicus; whorls five, rather flat, the last a little deflected in front; umbilicus very large, open; aperture lunately elliptical, rather iri- descent within; lip reflected, inner edge bluish- white, margins approximated, joined by a thin callo- sity, right edge sinuated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 65. f. 7. Eadem. Helix Radama, Lesson. Hai. Madagascar. A very characteristic species allied in form to H. sepul- chralis and Cunninghami. Species 172. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx ovrrormis. Hel. testé vix umbilicatd, ovatd, tenui- usculd, minutissime striato-granulatd, rugis obliquis obsolete sculptd, rufescente-fuscd, castanco bifasciald ; spird brevi, subconoided, apice retusa ; anfractibus qua- tuor, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo multo inflato ; colu- mella alba, subintorta ; aperturé ampld, lunato-ovali, intus lividd ; peristomate simplici, late expanso, bre- viter reflexo, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, colu- mellari dilatato, appresso. Tue EGG-suareD Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, ovate, rather thin, very minutely striately granuled, and obsoletely sculptured with oblique wrinkles, red- dish-brown, marked with two chestnut bands; spire short, subconoid, blunt at the apex; whorls four, increasing rapidly, the last much inflated; columella white, rather twisted; aperture large, lunar-oval, livid within; lip simple, broadly expanded, shortly reflected, margin joined by a very thin callosity, columellar margin dilated, appressed. GrateLoup, Act. Soc. Linn, de Bordeaux, vol. xi. p. 396. We pliget. 2: An eadem? Helix amphibulima, Férussac. Hab, Madagascar. The columella has a very characteristic twist in this species, giving an elegant curvature to the aperture, which serves to distinguish it, among other peculiarities, from the larger H. Goudotiana. Species 173. (Mus. Cuming.) FIELIX CORNU-GIGANTEUM. Hel. testa umbilicaté, de- presso-ovatd, auriformi, tenuiculd, minute et regulariter oblique sculptd, rugulosd, sub epidermide castaned vel olivaced, decidud, pallide rufescente ; spird viz elecala ; anfractibus quatuor, rapidissimé accrescentibus, ultimo peramplo, ad peripheriam costis nonnullis obsoletis cincto, subtus concavo ; apertura perobliqua, ovali ; pe- ristomatle incrassato, reflexo, marginibus callo crasso angulatim junelis, columellari dilatato, umbilicum fere tegente. THE GIaNntT’s HORN Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly ovate, ear-shaped, rather thin, minutely and regu- larly obliquely sculptured, rugulose, pale reddish beneath a deciduous chestnut or olive epidermis; spire scarcely raised; whorls four, increasing very rapidly, the last very large, encireled at the periphery by a few obsolete ribs, concave beneath; aperture very oblique, oval; lip thickened, reflected, margins angularly joined by a thick callosity, columellar edge dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 247. pl. 208. f 2051-2. Helix vesicalis, Lamarck. Leiostoma vesicalis, Swainson. Hab, Madagascar. Among the peculiarities of this species may be chiefly noticed the concavely impressed growth of the last whorl in the vicinity of the umbilicus. Species 174. (Tig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Goupotrana. lel. testd imperforata, depresso- ovatd, tenuiculd, undique minute granulata, rufo-cas- taned, nigricante bifasciata ; spird parcula, semiglo- bosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, converiusculis, rapidissime accrescentibus, ullimo inflato; opertura July, 1851. HELIX.—Puarte XXXVIII. ~ obliqud, lunato-oblongd, intus subiridescente ; peristo- mate albo, subincrassato, breviter expanso, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro subarcuato, columellari su- pern® valde dilatato, appresso. Govupot’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly ovate, rather thin, minutely granulated throughout, red- dish-chestnut, with two blackish bands ; spire rather small, semiglobose; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing very rapidly, the last inflated ; aperture oblique, lunately oblong, slightly iridescent within ; lip white, rather thickened, shortly expanded, margins joined by a thick callus, right edge some- what arched, columellar edge much dilated at the upper part and appressed. Ferussac, Hist. Mol. pl. 10 4. f. 4-6. Hab. Madagascar. This and /. oviformis represent a form precisely inter- mediate between Heliz and Bulimus, which might be re- ferred to either genus with equal propriety. Species 175. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLIx MaGnirica. Hel. testd imperforatd, oblique ovatd, tenui, granulato-striata, fulod, fasciis plurimis nigri- cante-castaneis, nunc latis nunc angustis ornald ; an- Sractibus tribus ad quatuor, rapidissimé accrescentibus, ultimo inflato ; apertura perobliqud, amplé, elongato- ovali, intus subiridescente, fasciis perlucidis ; colu- mellé brevi, subrectd ; peristomate tenui, vir reflexo, Susco, marginilus callo tenui junctis, columellari dila- talo, appresso. Tue MAGNIFICENT Hexrx. Shell imperforated, obliquely ovate, thin, granulately striated, fulvous, ornamented with numerous blackish-chestnut bands, now broad, now narrow; whorls three to four, increasing very rapidly, the last inflated; aperture very oblique, large, elongately oval, slightly iridescent within, with the bands transparent; columella short, nearly straight ; lip thin, searcely reflected, brown, margins joined by a thin callosity, columellar edge dilated, appressed. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 10. f. 4. Helix polyzonalis, Lamarck. Hab. Madagascar. This shell, it may be observed, is composed of only three to four whorls, convoluted, with the last prolonged very obliquely into an inflated oblong oval. Heltx., Pl ALLL. HELIX. Pirate XXXIX. Species 147. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sEPULCHRALIS. Hel. testa lat2 umbilicaté, de- press, tenui, levigatd, vari oblique plicata, castaned, albo-conatad vel pallid2 fulvescente ; spira brevissimd, vir emersi ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide accrescentibus, sulco concentrico impressis, ultimo basi conveziusculo, circa umbilicum infundibuliformem angulato, antice de- flexo ; apertura perobliqua, elliptico-orali, intus ce- rulescente ; peristomate late reflero, marginihus callo tenui junctis, dextro medio angulatim dilatato. Tue sepuLcHRAL Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, smooth, variously obliquely plicated, chestnut, zoned with white or pale yellow; spire very short, but slightly raised; whorls four, rapidly in- creasing, impressed with a concentric groove, last whorl rather convex at the base, angular and funnel- shaped around the umbilicus, deflected anteriorly ; aperture very oblique, elliptically oval, bluish within ; lip broadly reflected, margins joined by a thin callous layer, right margin angularly dilated in the middle. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 75. f. 1. and pl. 75 C. f. 1-12. Heliz labrella, Lamarck. Heliz trivittata, Born. Has. Madagascar. This elegantly-formed species is variously banded, the umbilicus being sometimes dark chestnut within, as in Fig. 147 4, and sometimes yellow, as in Fig. 147c. The first of these varieties differs slightly in form, while it is more compressly flattened around the umbilicus, of more solid structure, and the dark purple-chestnut colouring of the bands runs into the blue-white of the lip. Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Stuperiana. Hel. testa imperforata, subglobosa, tenui, saturate brunnea vel olivaceo-fusca, oblique striata et transcersim minutissimé rugulosa ; spird semiglobo- sa; anfractibus sex, summis planulatis, eleganter gra- nulatis, ultimo inflato, obsolete angulato vel sulco im- presso ad peripheriam notato ; apertura rotundato-lu- nari, intus margaritacea ; columella subcontortd, cal- losa ; peristomate reflezo, intus albo. Stuper’s Hewrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, dark brown or olive-brown, obliquely striated, and transversely very minutely wrinkled; spire semi- globose; whorls six, upper ones rather flattened, elegantly granulated, the last inflated, obsoletely angled, or marked at the periphery with an impressed groove; aperture rotundately lunar, pearly within ; columella slightly twisted, callous; lip reflected, white within. Frrvssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 103. f. 6. Hab. Seychelle Islands. Of a peculiar semiglobose inflated form, with an inclina- tion in the columella to become twisted. Species 156. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX UNiDENTATA. Hel. test@ imperforaté, orbiculato- conoided, striaté, rugulis concentricis lineisque minutis oblique decussatis sculpta, saturate castaned ; spird obtuse conoided ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo ad periphe- riam angulato, basi concero; columella breviter et validé truncato-dentata, contorta ; apertura late lunari, intus margaritaced ; peristomate superne expanso, basi reflezo, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. THE onE-TooTHED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicu- larly conoid, striated, sculptured with concentric wrinkles and obliquely decussated minute lines, dark chestnut ; spire obtusely conoid; whorls six, convex, the last angled at the periphery, convex at the base ; columella shortly and strongly one-toothed, twisted ; aperture broadly lunar, pearly within; lip expanded at the upper part, reflected at the base, margins joined by a very thin callous layer. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 273. pl. 208. f. 2049-50. Helix microdonta, Desbayes. Heliz ventricosa, Jan. Hab. Seychelle Islands. This species is from the same locality as the preceding and belongs to the same exact type. The twisted toothed columella indicated in H. Studeriana is here fully deve- loped. The dark chestnut colouring is mostly relieved by a faint band running around the periphery of cach whorl.” Species 176. (Mus. Cuming.) Heitx prrostoma. Hel. testé imperforatd, depressed. utringue concerd, strialuld, mitidé, fulcescente-albé, September, 1851. _ HELIX.—P rare XXXIX. acute carinald, caring subflecuosd et utrinque malleata ; convex, the last inflated beneath the keel, deflected anfractihus quatuor ad quingue, viz convexiusculis, anteriorly ; aperture irregularly elliptical; lip rather ultimo infra carinam inflato, antic deflexo ; apertura thickened, broadly expanded, fiery red, margins joined irregulariter ellipticd ; peristomate subincrassato, late by a callous layer, columellar margin dilated, flat, expanso, igneo, marginibus callo junctis, columellari obsoletely toothed, basal margin reflected. dilatato, plano, obsolete dentato, basali reflexo. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 15. f. 3, 4. Tue rep-MouTH Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressed, | Had. P convex on both sides, finely striated, shining, fulvous white, sharply keeled, keel subflexuous and indented on each side; whorls four to five, rather This species is one of extreme rarity, unknown, so far as [ am aware, in fine condition with epidermis. Helix Lt AL. 177.6 178 Sibese 757 HELIX. Piate XL. Species 177. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX INversicotor. Hel. testa imperforata, orbiculari, utrinque convexd, acute carinatd, superne rufa, striata, bast nigricante, striata et lineis concentricis distantibus decussatd ; spird brevi ; anfractibus septem, planulatis ; columella brevi, obliqua, callosd ; apertura subquadran- gulari; peristomate subincrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero arcuato. THE INVERSE-coLoURED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, convex on each side, sharply keeled, red- dish and striated above, blackish beneath, striated and decussated with concentric lines; spire short ; whorls seven, rather flattened; columella short, oblique, callous; aperture somewhat square; lip slightly thickened, margins joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin arched. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 58 4. f. 7-12. Carocolla bicolor, Lamarck. Carocolla Mauritiana, Lamarck. Hadem var. Helix puerocune, Péron. Hab. Mauritius. This species in fine condition is covered about the upper surface with a delicate net-work of epidermis, as in the specimen Fig. 177 3. Species 178. (Mus. Cuming.) Yevix Duvatn. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculatd, co- nico-depressd, castaned, transversim longitudinaliterque striata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, depresso- convexiusculis, suturd impressé separatis et fascid brunned marginatis, ultimo medio zond lutescente circumdato, subtus lutescente, ad umbilicum medio- crem pervium compresso ; apertura ampld, ovali ; pe- ristomate simplici, tenui, marginibus conniventibus, dextro vix expanso, basali breviter reflexo. Duvau’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, conically depressed, chestnut, transversely and longitudinally striated; whorls four to five, somewhat depressly convex, separated by an impressed suture and edged with a brown band, last whorl encircled round the middle with a yellowish band, yellowish beneath, compressed about the open umbilicus ; aperture large, oval; lip simple, thin, margins approximating, right margin a little expanded, basal margin shortly re- flected. Petit, Mag. de Zool. 1844, pl. 93. Hab. Madagascar. The strie with which this species is transversely and longitudinally sculptured have a granular character. Species 179. (Mus. Hanley.) Hevix Carrra. Hel. testé umbilicaté, inflata, subde- presso-globosd, tenui, fragili, costulato-striatd, viriduld, Susco-viridi irregulariter strigata ; spird brevi, obtusd; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo subdepresso ; apertura magna, lunato-ovali, intus margaritaced ; peri- stomate tenui, acuto, simplici, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari reflexo, perforationem semioccultante. THe Carrre Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, inflated, sub- depressly globose, thin, fragile, marked with rib-like strie, greenish, irregularly streaked with brownish- green; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, rather con- vex, the last rather depressed; aperture large, lunar- oval, pearly within; lip thin, sharp, simple, margins joined by a thin callous layer, columellar margin re- flected, half-concealing the umbilicus. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. An elegantly convoluted shell of delicate texture, con- centrically corded, covered with a green epidermis, and peculiarly iridescent in the interior. Species 180. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIx cocnata. Hel. testé imperforata, depressd, solida, transverse ovata, oblique striata, obsoletd granulosa, nitidd, spadiceo-grised, punctis rufis irregulariter as- persd ; spird brevissimd ; anfractibus quatuor, planius- culis, ultimo interdum medio pallide cingulato, basi albo, inflato, anticé breviter deflexo ; apertura perob- liqud, transverse ovali, intus nitidd, lividd ; peristo- mate albo, crasso, breviter refleco, margine columellari dilatato, appresso, excavato. Tue atiiep Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, solid, transversely ovate, obliquely striated, obsoletely granuled, shining, fawn-grey, irregularly sprinkled with reddish dots; spire very short; whorls four, rather flattened, the last sometimes faintly banded round the middle, base white, inflated, anteriorly shortly deflected ; aperture very oblique, transversely oval, shining and livid within; lip white, thickened, September, 1851. ~ HELIX.—Puate XL. shortly reflected, columellar margin dilated, appressed, excavated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 44. f. 4. Hab. West Indies ? An extremely characteristic species of exactly the same typical form as 7. aspera. It is of a shining fawn-grey colour, marked in the spiral direction with oblong linear dots, somewhat after the manner of JZ. sagittifera. The body-whorl is stained interiorly with glazed chestnut, as in H. aspera, and the aperture is of the same oblong form, but toothless. Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Carmeuita. Hel. testd imperforatd, suborbicu- lari, granulato-striatd, carinatd, oblique striaté, nitide castaned, fascia unica pallidiore supra carinam ornala ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis, ultimo basi inflato, anticé vix descendente ; apertura perobliqua, Tue Carme vite Hewrx. lunato-ellipticd ; peristomate reflexo, intus albo, mar- ginibus callo lato junctis, columellari dilatato, intror- sum obsolete unidentato. Shell imperforated, suborbi- cular, granulately striated, keeled, obliquely striated, shining chestnut, ornamented with a lighter band above the keel; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last inflated at the base, slightly descending in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-elliptical ; lip re- flected, white within, margins joined by a broad cal- losity, columellar margin dilated, obsoletely one- toothed inwardly. | Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 32. f. 4. Helix mora, Gray. Hab. ? A well-defined species of obliquely depressed solid erowth, characterized by a broadly flattened callous de- posit in the place of the umbilicus. Helix, PLXAL. 183 Rees 183.6 187. é HELIX. Prate XLI. Species 182. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix viripis. Hel. testd imperforatd, turbinato-globosa, tenui, levigatd, sub epidermide viridi alba, fasciis variis nigricante-rufis ornatd ; spird conoided, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiuscu- lis ; columella oblique strictiusculd ; apertura lunato- ovali ; peristomate breviter incrassato, subreflexo, mar- gine columellari dilatato. THE GREEN Heix. Shell imperforated, turbinately glo- bose, thin, smooth, white beneath a green epidermis, encircled with various blackish-red bands; spire conoid, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex; columella oblique, rather drawn out ; aperture lunar-oval; lip shortly thickened, slightly reflected, columellar margin dilated. Desnayes, Anim. sans vert. (2nd edit.) vol. viii. p. 102. Hal. Madagascar. M. Deshayes takes this species to be the Trochus hor- -tensis of Chemnitz (Conch. Cab. vol. ix. pl. 122. f. 1055- 6). It is possible, but doubtful, the figure being a very obscure one. Species 183. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heirx cHLatura. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, solidiusculd, striis incrementi distinctis lineisque spiralibus puncturatis irregulariter distantibus excavatd, Sulcido-fuscd, apicem versus purpurascente ; spira brevi, late conoided ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convex- iusenlis, ultimo basi jucta columellam compresso ; aper- turd lunato-ovali; peristomate recto, subincrassato, margine dextro sinuoso, columellari calloso. THe EMBossED Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather solid, engraved with distinet strie of growth and irregularly distant punctured spiral lines, yellowish-brown, purplish towards the apex; spire short, broadly conoid; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last compressed at the base next the columella; aperture lunar-oval; peristome straight, rather thickened, right margin sinuous, columellar margin callous. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 28. f. 3, 4. Helix exarata, Wiegman. Hab. Island of Bourbon. A broad Trochiform shell engraved with spiral punc- tured lines, and rather impressed around the seat of the columella. Species 184. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX oMpHALODES. Hel. testa late umbilicatd, depressa, solidd, leviter striatuld, nigricante-castaned ; spird vix convexd ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo sub- carinato, antice via descendente, basi paulo convexiore, circa umbilicum magnum spiralem subcompresso ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; peristomate breviter reflexo, marginibus conniventibus. THE SHIELD-LIKE Heix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, solid, finely striated, blackish-chestnut; spire but little convex ; whorls five, rather flattened, last whorl slightly keeled, scarcely descending in front, base a little more convex, rather compressed around the um- bilicus, which is large and spiral; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip shortly reflected, brown, with the margins approximating. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 64. Hab. ? Characterized by a peculiarly compressed growth about the base of the last whorl, surrounding a broad perspec- tive umbilicus. Species 185. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Herx xystera. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, de- pressd, acutissimé carinatd, tenui, diaphand, olivaceo- fuscd ; suturd levissind ; anfractibus quatuor, planis, ultimo supra superficialiter ruguloso et malleato, basi convexo, circa umbilicum infundibuliformem subangu- lato ; apertura perobliqua, depress, irregulari ; pe- ristomate reflexo, margine supero dilatato, columellari brevi, cum basali angulum obtusum formante. Tne sHorn Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, de- pressed, very sharply keeled, thin, diaphanous, olive- brown; suture very smooth; whorls four, flattened, the last superficially wrinkled and indented on the upper surface, convex at the base, rather angulated around the umbilicus, which is funnel-shaped ; aper- ture very oblique, depressed, irregular ; lip reflected, upper margin dilated, columellar margin short, forming an obtuse angle with the basal margin. VALENCIENNES, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. i. p. 41. September, 1851. HELIX.—Piate XLI. Hah. Madagascar. Resembling the preceding species in form, but more lenticularly compressed and very sharply keeled. Species 186. (Fig. a, , Mus. Cuming.) Hexix GLosutus. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-conoided, irregulariter costulato-striata et malleatd, sordid2 albd, violascente-cinereo nebulosa ; anfractibus quinqgue, con- vevis, ultimo magno, inflato, rotundato ; umbilico angus- to, semioblecto ; columella levi, subarcuato ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus nitide violaceo-purpured ; peristo- mate incrassato, reflexo, rubicundo, marginibus dis- tantibus, callo diffuso violaceo-purpureo junctis, colu- mellari dilatato, reflexo. Tue GLopurar Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely conoid, irregularly rib-like striated and indented, dirty white, clouded with violet-ash; whorls five, convex, the last large, inflated, rounded; umbilicus narrow, half-covered; columella smooth, slightly arched; aperture lunar-oval, shining violet-purple within; lip thickened, reflected, ruddy, margins dis- tant, joined by a diffused violet-purple layer of enamel, columellar margin dilated, reflected. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 68. Helix lucana, Lamarck (not of Muller). Eadem var. Helix rosacea, Muller. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. The species varies considerably in size, as may be re- marked in the specimens figured, but is always charac- terized by the same rich violet-purple colouring about the aperture. Externally it is of a dirty fawn or ash-white, without marking. Species 187. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx tucana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, subpellucidd, nitidd, supernée fulvescente-rubra, subtus et in suturis alba ; anfractibus quinque, supremis lente accrescentibus, planulatis, convexis ; apertura lunato- rotundata ; peristomate crasso, reflexo, marginibus con- niventibus, callo junctis. Tue uGHr Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, subpellucid, shining, fulvous-red over the upper part, white beneath and in the sutures ; whorls five, the uppermost ones increasing slowly, flattened, con- vex ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip thickened, reflected, margins approximating, joined by a callous layer. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 75. Hab. Cape of Good Hope? This is quite a distinct species from the preceding. It is of a thin semitransparent texture, peculiarly white-edged in the suture, is more discoidly convoluted, with the um- bilicus freely open, and has no indication of purple co- louring in the aperture. 19/ @ 193 a 190. 192. Helta: ,PUXLM. 159.6 191. b. 193.5. HELIX. Piate XLII. Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Barctayana. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-tur- binatd, confertim obliqué tenuissime costatd, alba, epi- dermide fusco-olivaced indutd; spird conoided, apice obtusa ; suturd profundd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo medio carinato, interdum obsolete bi- carinato, basi convexiusculo ; umbilico mediocri, fere cylindraceo ; apertura subverticali, quadrangulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari ver- ticuliter descendente, cum basali angulum formante. Barciay’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly turbi- nated, closely obliquely very finely ribbed, white, covered with a brown-olive epidermis; spire conoid, obtuse at the apex; suture deep; whorls five to six, convex, the last keeled round the middle, sometimes obsoletely two-keeled, rather convex at the base; umbilicus middling, almost cylindrical; aperture nearly vertical, quadrangular ; lip simple, sharp, co- lumellar margin descending vertically, forming an angle with the basal margin. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab. Mauritius. Sculptured throughout with very fine close-set ribs. The aperture is of a peculiar vertical quadrangular form, with the lip unreflected. The species is named in honour of Sir David Barclay, an assiduous collector of shells, re- siding near the locality in which it occurs. Species 189. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Mavritrana. Hel. testé vir umbilicatd, orbiculari, depresso-conoided, tenuiculd, supra obliqué costulatd, infra laevigata, olivaceo-fuscé ; anfractibus sex ad septem, carind acutd ad peripheriam funiculatis ; apertura subverticali, labro simplici. Tue Mauritius Heurx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, or- bicular, depressly conoid, rather thin, obliquely finely ribbed above, smooth beneath, olive-brown; whorls six to seven, corded round the periphery with a sharp keel; aperture somewhat vertical, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Mauritius. The fine ribs upon the upper surface of this species are slightly obliquely arched, and more distant than in the preceding. Species 190. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX UNIcoLor. Hel. testé umbilicaté, depressa, acu- lissimé carinatd, tenui, rufo-fuscd, supernd subtiliter striata, subtus striatd et malleata ; spirad depresso- conoided ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo antic? non descendente, basi con- vexo, ad umbilicum angustum abrupte angulato ; aper- turd rhomboided ; peristomate purpureo-fusco, mar- ginibus supero dilatato, expanso, basali ascendente, stricto, columellari brevi, dilatato, umbilicum semi- occultante, cum basali angulatim juncto. THE ONE-coLOURED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, very sharply keeled, thin, red-brown, finely striated on the upper surface, striated and indented on the lower; spire depressly conoid; whorls five, rather flat, enlarging gradually, the last not descend- ing anteriorly, convex at the base, abruptly angulated around the umbilicus, which is rather narrow; aper- ture rhomboid ; lip purple-brown, upper margin di- lated, expanded, basal margin ascending, drawn out, columellar margin short, dilated, half-concealing the umbilicus, angularly joined with the basal margin. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 64. Hab. ? The form and upper surface of this species is much the same as in H. xystera. It differs principally in being composed of five instead of four whorls, and in haying a more confined umbilicus. Species 191. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx styLopon. Hel. testa imperforata, depressinscula, soliduld, luteo-corned, subtiliter striata, interdum de- cussatd ; spird vix elecatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis, ultimo obtus? angulato ; apertura lunari ; columella dente obliquo, valido, albo instructd ; peri- stomate simplici. Tue HARD-TooTHED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, rather depressed, rather solid, yellowish-horny, finely stria- ted, sometimes decussated ; spire slightly raised ; whorls six to seven, convex, the last obtusely angled; aperture lunar; columella furnished with a strong oblique white tooth ; lip simple. Prerrrer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 40. Hab. Mauritius. September, 1851. > HELIX.—Puiate XLII. The horny coating of this species is of a yellowish-olive colour beneath, and dull brown above. The columella is distinguished by a callous tooth-like thickening in the place of the umbilicus. Species 192. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Gatactostoma. Hel. testé umbilicaté, convexo- orbiculari, solidd, striata, sub lente granulatd, fulvd ; spiral brevi, fornicatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, penultimo angulato, ultimo aperturam versus rotundato, antic? deflezo, basi in umbilicum subamplum subangulatim descendente ; apertura perobliqua, lunari-ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate subincrassato, fusculo-limbato, mar- ginibus conniventibus, callo junctis, dextro brevissimé expanso, basali reflexo, columellari albo, supra umbili- cum dilatato-reflezo. Tue mitky-MouTH Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, convexly orbicular, solid, striated, granulated beneath the lers, fulvous; spire short, arched over, obtuse; whorls four to five, rather convex, enlarging gradually, last whorl but one angled, the last rounded towards the aperture, deflected in front, descending subangularly at the base into a rather large umbilicus; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, milk-white within; lip slightly thickened, edged with pale brown, margins approxi- mating, joined by a callosity, right margin very shortly expanded, basal reflected, columellar margin white, dilately reflected over against the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 131. Hah. Madagascar. An extremely characteristic species, with a rather more depressed form than might be gathered from the fore- shortened position of the shell in the accompanying figure. Species 193. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx rvura. Hel. testd umbilicata, depressiusculd, tenui, confertim striata, lineis concentricis obsoletis subde- cussatd, rufo-olivaced, corned; spird parum elevata ; anfractibus. sex, convexiusculis, ultimo dilatato, basi converiore, supra medium angulato, angulo anticé evanescente ; apertura subverticali, lineari; peristo- mate simplici, obtuso, margine columellari brevissime dilatato. Tue rep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, thin, closely striated, slightly decussated with ob- solete concentric lines, reddish-olive, horny; spire but little raised ; whorls six, rather convex, the last dilated, more convex at the base, angled above the middle, angle more obscure towards the aperture; aperture subvertical, lunar; lip simple, obtuse, colu- mellar margin very shortly dilated. Lesson, Voyage de la Coquille, p. 305. pl. 13. f. 2. Hab. Mauritius; Guerin. New Ireland; Lesson. Distinguished by its neat sculpture of spiral and ob- lique strie, the latter of which are the stronger, and by its angular, sometimes faintly biangular, growth above the centre of the last whorl. Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx tancuta. Hel. testdé umbilicata, orbiculari, de- press, oblique striata, lineis confertissimis spiralihus sub lente decussata, nitide fulod, olivaced, carinatd, carina anticé subobsoleta ; spird parum elata, pallida ; anfractibus quatuor, planatis, ultimo basi planiusculo, circa umbilicum mediocrem, non percium, subangulato ; apertura perobliqua, transverse lunato-ellipticd ; peri- stomate subincrassato, breviter reflero, marginibus callo introrsum diffuso junctis, dextro dilatato, depresso, basali strictiusculo, cum columellari obliquo angulum obtusissimum formante. Tue scaLe-Bastn Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, depressed, obliquely striated, decussated beneath the lens with very close-set spiral lines, shining fulvous- olive, keeled, keel somewhat obsolete anteriorly ; spire but little raised, pale; whorls four, flattened, the last rather flat at the base, rather angulated around the umbilicus, which is confined; aperture very oblique, transversely lunar-elliptical; lip rather thickened, shortly reflected, margins joined by a callous layer, which is diffused internally, right mar- gin dilated, depressed, basal margin rather drawn out, forming a very obtuse angle with the oblique columellar margin. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 65. f. 4-6. Hah. Madagascar. Of a peculiar lenticular form, very depressed towards the periphery, with the umbilicus very much contracted. 196.a 198.a 200 195 197 Helix, Pl. ALM. 796.6 198.6 207. HELIX. Pruate XLII. (Figures moderately enlarged.) Species 195. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Lovent. Hel. testd umbilicatd, superne planiusculd, basi inflata, tenui, pellucida, corned, oblique via costel- lata ; spird planulatd, apice acutiusculd ; anfractibus quingue, supra planiusculis, ultimo supra peripheriam obtuse carinato, costellis pilosis ; aperturd subangulato- lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari dilatato-reflexo, umbilicum partim tegente. Loven’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, rather flattened at the upper part, inflated at the base, thin, horny, obliquely scarcely ribbed ; spire rather flattened, rather sharp at the apex; whorls five, rather flattened above, last whorl obtusely keeled above the periphery, with the ribs hairy; aperture somewhat angularly lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin dilately reflected, partially covering the umbilicus. Krauss, Sudafrikanischen Moll. p. 76. pl. 4. f. 21. Hab. Natal, South Africa. This transparent horny species, which is characterized by a peculiar depression of the upper surface, is scarcely ribbed in sculpture, but obtains that appearance from being overlaid with very delicate oblique strips of hairy epidermis. Species 196. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Herx potiotum. Hel. testd umbilicatd, turbinatd, con- Sertissimé et minuté costulato-striatd, pellucida, non nitente, corned ; spird turbinatd, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, ultimo basi subplanato; apertura depress, late lunari ; peristomate simplicis- simo, recto. THE LITTLE BARREL Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, turbi- nated, very closely minutely rib-like striated, pellu- cid, not shining, horny ; spire turbinated, rather ob- tuse at the apex; whorls five, rounded, the last rather flattened at the base; aperture depressed, broadly lunar; lip very simple, straight. Pre1rrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 41. Hab, Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. A minute turbinated horny species, with rounded whorls, more proportionably enlarged in the accompanying plate than the rest of the figures. Species 197. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MUCRONATA. tenuissimd, corned, acul? carinalé, concentric costel- Hel, testé imperforata, conoided, lato-striatd, striis spiralibus minulis confertis incisis sub lente decussatd, apice mucronata, olicaceo-viridi, pellucidé ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-concezis, ultimo oblique inflato, ad peripheriam acutissimd angulato ; aperturd ampla, subhorizontali ; peristomate simplici, Tue pvorntep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conoid, very thin, horny, sharply keeled, concentrically rib-like striated, and decussated beneath the lens with close- set, minute, spiral engraved stria, sharp at the apex, olive-green, pellucid ; whorls four, flatly convex, last whorl obliquely inflated, very sharply angulated at the periphery ; aperture large, nearly horizontal; lip simple. PreiFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Mauritius. I doubt very much if this shell belong to a Helix. It is of a peculiar thin horny substance, without any indica- tion of an internal calcareous lining. Species 198. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Henix vernicosa. Hel. testé umbilicata, subdepressa, tenuissimd, pellucida, flavido-corned, supernd oblique costulato-striatd ; spird planiusculd ; anfractibus qua- tuor, convexiusculis, ultimo basi convexo, sublevi, quasi vernicoso ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; aperturd obliqua, suborbiculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine dextro arcuato. THE VARNISHED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, rather de- pressed, very thin, pellucid, yellowish-horny, obliquely rib-like striated at the upper part ; spire rather flat- tened; whorls four, rather convex, last whorl convex at the base, rather smooth, as though varnished ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture oblique, nearly orbicular ; lip simple, sharp, right margin arched. Krauss, Sudafrikanischen Moll. p. 76. pl. 4. f. 23. Hab. Natal, South Africa. A Cyclostoma-like horny shell, with a peculiar bright shining epidermis. September, 185 1. Oe Oa ae HELIX.—Prate XLII. ~ Species 199. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Rawsonts. Hel. test viz umbilicaté, depresso- conoitled, corned, pellucida ; anfractibus sex, supern2 convexis, creberrim2 concentricé costulato-striatis, an- Sractu ultimo ad peripheriam acut2 carinato, basi ro- tundato et costulato-striato; labro simplici, margine columellari brevissime reflero, umbilicum partim tegente. Rawson’s Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, depressly conoid, horny, transparent ; whorls six, convex at the upper part, and very closely concentrically rib-like striated, last whorl sharply keeled at the periphery, rounded and rib-like striated at the base ; lip simple, columellar margin very shortly reflected, partially covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hai. Mauritius. This species is unusually rounded at the base, and con- centrically rib-like striated throughout, both above and below. Species 200. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx prncurs. Hel. testa viz umbilicata, orbiculari, subdiscoided, cornea, nitente ; spird depressa ; suturis distinctis ; anfractibus quinque, concezis, lent2 accrescen- tibus, ullimo rotundato ; apertura parca, lunari ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari brevissimé reflexo, umbilicum partim tegente. Tue Greasy Hewix. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbicular, somewhat discoid, horny, shining; spire depressed ; sutures distinct; whorls five, convex, slowly enlarging, the last rounded; aperture small, lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin very shortly reflected, par- tially covering the umbilicus. Kravss, Sudafrikanischen Moll. p. 75. pl. 4. f. 19. corned, concentric? undique confertissimé costulato- striald; spird depressiusculd ; suturis distinctis ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quingue, subrotundatis ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari bre- vissime reflexo, umbilicum partim tegente. THE suN-BpURNT Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, thin, horny, very closely concentrically rib-like striated throughout ; spire rather depressed ; sutures distinct ; whorls four to five, rather rounded ; aperture lanar ; lip simple, columellar margin very shortly reflected, partially covering the umbilicus. Krauss, Sudafrikanischen Moll. p. 77. pl. 4. f. 26. Hab. Natal. The shell here described and figured does not answer correctly to Krauss’s description and figure of H. eprica in the work above referred to, but it has been received by Mr. Cuming with other authentic specimens of Natal shells so named, and is characterized by a peculiar bronze glow, just such as might have suggested the appellation of * sun-burnt.’ Species 202. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx Capensis. Hel. testé umbilicata, globoso-depressa, tenui, opaca, nitiduld, alba, apice carned, punctis nigri- cantibus aspersi, obsolet? fusco-radiata et fasciata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis ; wmbilico angustissimo ; apertura subampld, lunari, intus fulves- cente ; peristomate simplict, acuto. | Tue Care Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, A small shining horny species, of regular discoid growth, approaching the form of Planorbis. Species 201. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX APRICA. Hel. testé umbilicata, orbiculari, tenui. thin, opake, rather shining, white, flesh-tinged at the apex, sprinkled with black dots, obsoletely brown- rayed and banded ; whorls four to five, convex; um- bilicus very narrow; aperture rather large, lunar, ful- vous within ; lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Symbolz, vol. i. p. 40. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Closely allied to a well-known European form. Helix, FEAT 206. a ; L206. 2 207 HELIX. Pirate XLIV. Species 203. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HeELix saGemon. Hel. testé obtecté umbilicatd, orbicu- lato-converd, crassa, striata, luted vel rufescente, fasciis latis nigricantibus varie ornatd ; spira obtusa ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, planulatis, ultimo carinato, basi planiusculo, antice gibbo, deflexo ; aperturd perobliqud, subtriangulari ; peristomate incrassato, reflexiusculo, albo vel violascente-fusco, marginibus callo lato junctis. THE MILITARY CLOAK Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly convex, thick, striated, yellow or reddish, variously ornamented with broad blackish bands; spire obtuse; whorls five to six, flattened, the last keeled, rather flattened at the base, gibbous and deflected anteriorly; aperture very oblique, somewhat triangular; lip thickened, a little reflected, white or violet-brown, margins joined by a callous layer. Carocolla sagemon, Beck, Index, p. 31. Helix marginata, var., Férussae. Helix marginatoides, D’Orbigny. Hab. Cuba. This species has been frequently confounded with the following, from which it differs in having the spire less flatly depressed, and the umbilicus wholly or partially covered with the callous extension of the margins of the aperture. Species 204. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Bornir. Hel. test@ umbilicatd, orbiculato-converd, solidd, oblique rugoso-striatd, acute carinatd, sub epi- dermide lutescente decidua alba, fasciis duabus latis nigro-castaneis ornatd ; spird obtusd ; suturé lineari ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo anticé sub- gibbo, paululum deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lunato- elliptica ; peristomate incrassato, albo, refleco, mar- ginibus callo junctis, columellari dilatato, umbilicum amplum partim tegente. Born’s Hextx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, solid, obliquely roughly striated, sharply keeled, white beneath a yellow deciduous epidermis, orna- mented with two broad blackish-chestnut bands ; spire obtuse; suture linear; whorls five, rather flat, the last rather gibbous and a little deflected an- teriorly; aperture very oblique, lunar-elliptic; lip thickened, white, reflected, margins joined by a cal- lous layer, columellar margin dilated, partially cover- ing a large open umbilicus. Helix Bornii, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p- 80. pl. 125. f. 1097. Helix marginata, Born. Helix marginella, Gmelin. Helix fasciata, Plainville. Carocolla marginata, Lamarck. Carocolla unifasciata, Schumacher. Carocolla Lamarckii, Sowerby. Carocolla indiscreta, Beck. Hab. Porto Rico. Chiefly distinguished from the preceding species by its more depressed lenticular form, and open spiral umbilicus. Species 205. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix vampas. Hel. testé imperforatd, sublenticulari, tenuiusculd, rufo-castaned, subtiliter striata, malleatd, acute carinaté ; spird parum elevatad; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo anticé breviter deflera, basi convewiore, lineis elevatis obsolet2 cincto ; aper- turd transversd, subtriangulari, intus nitide livida vel lutescente ; peristomate simplici, vix incrassato, rufo- aurantio, margine dextro expanso, hasali reflexo, ap- presso, columellari in callo lato dilatato. Tue tamp Hexrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat lens- shaped, rather thin, reddish-chestnut, finely striated, indented, sharply keeled; spire but little raised ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last shortly deflected in front, more convex at the base, obsoletely encir- cled with raised lines; aperture transverse, somewhat triangular, shining livid or yellowish within; lip simple, slightly thickened, red-orange, right margin expanded, basal reflected, appressed, columellar mar- gin dilated into a broad callosity. Helix lampas, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 12. Helix carocolla, Chemnitz. Helix carina, Wood. Carocolla magna, Schumacher. Discodoma gigas, Swainson. Hab. Xsland of Hayti? This fine species is remarkable for its broad lenticular form and smooth arched spire, the entire surface being September, 1851. HELIX.—Puare XLIV. marked with superficial indentations. The lip is of a deep vermilion-orange. Species 206. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Herx ancistomMa. Hel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, orbicu- laté, utrinque converd, solidd, subtiliter striatd, fulvo- rufa, fasciis saturatioribus ornatd, suturis lividis ; an- Sractibus sex ad septem, planis, quatuor ultimis suba- | qualibus, ultimo acute carinato ; aperturd angulato-lu- connexis, basali reflexo, perforationem prorsus tegente. THE NARROW-MoUTH Hetrx. Shell with the umbilicus nari; peristomate incrassato, calloso, marginibus callo fem pone iets covered, orbicular, convex on both sides, solid, finely | striated, fulvous-red, ornamented with darker bands ; sutures livid; whorls six to seven, flat, the last four nearly equal, the last one sharply keeled; aperture angularly lunar; lip thickened, callous, margins con- nected by a callosity, basal margin reflected, entirely covering the umbilicus. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 60. f. 1. Carocolla angistoma, Lamarck. Hab. West Indies. A perfect lens-shaped form, of a foxy-red colour, with the sutures of a peculiar livid aspect. Species 207. (Mus. Cuming.) } | Herx aspera. Hel. testé imperforatd, transverse pyri- | formi, solidé, undique confertim et irregulariter gra- nos, albé ; spird brevi, obtusd, strigis nonnullis rufis fulgurata ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, rapide ac- crescentihus, ullimo obsolet2 angulato, turgido, a latere subcompresso, antic? deflexo ; apertura angustd, trans- vers? ovali, intus nitidd, fauce castaned ; peristomate vald2 incrassato, refleco, marginihus callo junctis, supero repando, basali dilatato, prope columellam varie dentato, etate calloso, bisinuoso. Shell imperforated, transversely pear-shaped, solid, closely and irregularly grained throughout, white; spire short, obtuse, coloured with a few reddish streaks; whorls four, flattened, rapidly enlarging, the last obsoletely angled, swollen, a little compressed at the side, deflected anteriorly ; aperture narrow, transversely oval, shining within, interior chestnut; lip much thickened, reflected, margins joined by a callosity, upper margin spread, basal margin dilated, variously toothed near the co- lumella, callous and bisinuous with age. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 44. f. 1-3. Helix granosa, Wood. Hab. Jamaica. The dentation of this singular and well-known species is extremely variable; in the specimen before me the lip is five-toothed. . - we 7 - - a 7 ‘ : ’ _ = ° is > ae) =<) » = : lS . - = - : — 4 7 ae oF > Sn & *f -. 7 , i : ov Ph ). ; . wa @ 7? 7 = 7¥-.42— 9 _ . -_ a) a we - ee 2 - —_: “-¢ am # WW = - * Helix PL.XLV. HELIX. Prate XLV. Species 208. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx MacMurrayi. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso- turbinatd, tumidiusculd, lineis incrementi undique cre- berrimé striatd, lineis spiralibus impressis obsolete de- cussatd, alba, epidermide fulvé corned decidud indutd ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, superné subconcavis, suturis tenue marginatis ; apertura sub- orbiculari ; columella callosd, subcontortd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. M‘Murray’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, globosely tur- binated, rather swollen, very closely striated through- out with lines of growth, obsoletely decussated with impressed spiral lines, white, covered with a fulvous, deciduous, horny epidermis; spire obtuse; whorls five, rounded, rather concave round the upper part, sutures finely margined; aperture nearly orbicular ; columella callous, rather twisted ; lip simple, sharp. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 32. Hab. Jamaica. Allied to H. tumida, from which it differs mainly in being larger and of more solid growth. It is a subtrans- parent blue-white shell, covered with a fulvous-olive horny epidermis, inclined readily to peel off in places. * Species 209. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX crAsstLaBris. Hel. testd imperforaté, depressa, crassa, ponderosa, irregulariter striatd et undique gra- nulatd, albida, lineis spiralibus, undulatis, fuscis, fas- cidque unica castaned ad peripheriam ornaté ; spird vie elevatd, distinct? granulatd, apice nuda, albé ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, sensim ac- crescentibus, ultimo minutissime granulato, medio sub- carinato, antice vix descendente; apertura obliqud, semiellipticd, intus alba; peristomate undique incras- sato-reflexo, margine dextro subsinuoso, columellari intus obsolete plicato. THE THICK-L1e Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, thick, ponderous, irregularly striated and granulated throughout, whitish, ornamented with brown waved spiral lines and a single chestnut band round the periphery; spire but little raised, distinctly granu- lated, naked and white at the apex; whorls four to five, rather flat, enlarging gradually, last whorl very minutely granulated, faintly keeled in the middle, descending a little anteriorly; aperture oblique, semielliptical, white within; lip thickly reflected throughout, right margin rather sinuous, columellar margin obsoletely plaited within. Hab. Cuba. A shell of heavy solid growth, well characterized by the callous thickening of the lip. Species 210. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX coRNU-MILITARE. Hel. testd imperforaté, glo- boso-depressd, solida, striatd, suleis impressis nonnullis cingulata, alba, epidermide fusca decidua induta ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo basi inflato ; apertura rotundato-lunari, patuld, intus nitidée alba ; peristomate simplici, reflexo, margine su- pero arcuato, columellari calloso, valde dilatato. THE MILITARY HORN Hextx. Shell imperforated, glo- bosely depressed, solid, striated, encircled with a few impressed grooves, white, covered with a brown deci- duous epidermis; spire short, obtuse; whorls five, rather flat, the last inflated at the base; aperture ro- tundately lunar, wide open, shining white within ; lip simple, reflected, upper margin arched, columellar margin callous, much dilated. Linn vs, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1243. Helix malum terre, Chemnitz. Helix gigantea, Lamarck. Hah. ——? This fine species, though known to Linneus, is still of very rare occurrence. The surface of the last whorl, in addition to the characters above recited, is sculptured with long oblique indentations, which are worthy of notice. Species 211. (Fig. @, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hezix AupEparpi. Hel. testd imperforaté, subgloboso- turbinatd, undique oblique concentrice striatd, apice obtusa, alba, epidermide castaned, oblique promiscué ni- gricante strigata, indutd ; anfractibus quingue ad sez, converis, ad suturas subimpressis ; apertura subqua- drato-lunari ; peristomate subincrassato, reflero, caru- lescente-albo. Avupeparp’s Herrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat glo- bosely turbinated, obliquely concentrically striated throughout, obtuse at the apex, white, covered with September, 1851. 7 HELIX.—Ptate XLV. a chestnut epidermis, promiscuously obliquely marked with blackish streaks; whorls five to six, convex, rather impressed at the sutures; aperture somewhat squarely lunar ; lip rather thickened, reflected, bluish- white. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. ? There is no spiral pattern upon this shell, the dark oblique streaks noted above follow the direction of the lines of growth. Species 212. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX unDuLaTA. Hel. testa imperforatd, globosd, soli- diuscula, striata, lutescente, lineis fimbriatis confertis inequalibus fuscis cincta ; anfractibus quatuor ad guin- que, convexiusculis, supremis albis, minutissimé granu- latis, ultimo permagno; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus cerulescente-alba ; peristomate candido, breviter reflero, margine columellari dilatato, appresso. Tue wavep Hextx. Shell imperforated, globose, rather solid, striated, yellowish, encircled with unequal close- set fimbriated brown lines; whorls four to five, rather convex, the uppermost white, and very minutely gra- nulated, the last very large; aperture rotundately lunar, bluish-white within; lip white, shortly re- flected, columellar margin dilated, appressed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 16. f. 3-6. Heliz lineolata, Lamarck. Hab. Island of Hayti. The waved pattern of the lines with which this species is encircled, is produced by the intrusion of the strie of growth. The colouring matter is moved up and down by the successive uneven additions of calcareous matter, giving to the surface somewhat the appearance of an im- perfectly joined piece of weaving. Helia, PLALV. »s,% ws 2146 £14 C HELIX. Pirate XLVI. Species 213. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix pinarata. Hel. testa imperforatd, oblique sub- ovata, granulato-striatd, pallidé luted, lineis confer- lissimis brunneis interruptis supra et infra fasciam concolorem medii anfractiis ultimi pictd, apice albida ; spira pared, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide accrescentilus, ultimo amplissimo ; columella albo-cal- losd, stricta ; apertura maxima, obliqué ovali, intus lacted ; peristomate recto, subincrassato, margine dex- tro antrorsum arcuato. Tue pitatep Hexrx. Shell imperforated, obliquely subovate, granulately striated, pale yellow, marked with very close-set interrupted brown lines above and below a band round the middle of the last whorl, whitish at the apex; spire small, rather obtuse; whorls four, rapidly enlarging, the last very large ; columella white, callous, drawn out; aperture very large, obliquely oval, bluish-white within ; lip straight, rather thickened, right margin arched anteriorly. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 42. Hah. ——? Of a peculiar obliquely inflated form, and the inter- rupted marking with which its surface is covered are fine hair lines, with a somewhat granular aspect. Species 214. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix uma. Hel. testé imperforatd, orbiculato-subco- noided, solida, griseo-fusca, granulis albis confertissi- mis exasperatd ; anfractibus qyuatuor ad quinque, pla- nulatis, ultimo obsolet2 carinato, antice gibbo, subitd deflexo; apertura perobliqud, angustd, irregulariter lunari ; peristomate incrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero refleco, basali late calloso, introrsum dilatato. Tue rite Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly sub- conoid, solid, greyish-brown, roughened with very close-set white granules; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last obsoletely keeled, gibbous ante- riorly, suddenly deflected; aperture very oblique, narrow, irregularly lunar; lip thickened, margins joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin reflected, basal margin broadly reflected, dilated interiorly. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 46. f. 1, 2, and pl. 464. f. 4, 5. Helix punctifera, Lamarck. Eadem var. Helix incerta, Férussac. Hah. Jamaica. Though always more or less granulated, this species is extremely variable even in form. The variety represented at Fig. 214 c, d, may be regarded as the type of the species. In that at 214 a, 4, representing H. incerta, Férussac, the aperture is less obliquely prolonged, and the callous thickening of the columellar margin is pro- portionably abrupt and irregular. Species 215. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Dominicensts. Hel. testd imperforatd, subobliqué globosd, tenuiculd, concentric? et spiraliter obsolet? striatd, undique, precipué versus apicem, minut? rugu- loso-malleatd, opaco-alha, epidermide tenui fulco- area fasciaté decidua indutd ; spird obtusa ; anfrac- tibus quatuor, plano-convezis ; aperturd subquadrato- lunari ; peristomate reflero, margine columellari late appresso, calloso. THe Domixco Hetrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat obliquely globose, rather thin, concentrically and spirally obsoletely striated, minutely wrinkled and indented throughout, more particularly towards the apex, opake white, covered with a thin deciduous fulvous-bronze epidermis; spire obtuse; whorls four, flatly convex; aperture somewhat squarely lunar ; lip reflected, columellar margin broadly ap- pressed, callous. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 71. Hab. Island of St. Domingo. An extremely interesting opake white shell, covered with a bright fulvous epidermis, encircled throughout with delicate bronze bands, and a single narrow chestnut zone at the periphery. The epidermis is peculiarly deciduous, and peels off mostly in bands, as in the specimen repre- sented at Fig. 215 a. Species 216. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heux anoustata. Hel. testa imperforalé, ovato-de- pressd, carinatd, Jlacescente-cinered, lineis spiralihus fuscis undatis ornatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planius- culis, ultimo a latere compresso, antice gibbo, subdeflexo ; apertura lunato-ellipticad ; peristomate reflexo, albido, marginibus remotis, supero antrorsum arcuato, basali calloso, dilatalo-appresso. September, 1851. HELIX.—Puate XLVI. Tue pincuep Hexrx. Shell imperforated, ovately de- pressed, keeled, yellowish-ash, ornamented with brown waved spiral lines; whorls four, rather flattened, the last compressed at the side, gibbous and a little de- flected anteriorly ; aperture lunar-elliptical ; lip re- flected, white, margins distant, upper margin arched anteriorly, basal callous and dilately appressed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 61. f. 1. Hab. Jamaica; Adams. The waved pattern of the numerous brown lines with which this shell is spirally painted, is occasioned by the intrusion, on the surface, of the lines of growth. The species is allied to H. lima, but is characterized by the same peculiar lateral compression as in 1. Thersites of the Philippine Islands. Species 217. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx crispata. Hel. testa imperforata, globosd, tenuius- culd, substriatd, nitidd, fusco-lutescente, lineis brun- neis confertis spiralibus undulato-crispis elegantissime circumdatéd ; spird brevi ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, convexis, ultimo inflato ; columellé arcuatd, dila- tatd, albé; apertura lunato-circulari, intus lacted ; peristomate simplici, recto. Tue curLep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globose, rather thin, slightly striated, shining, brownish-yellow, very elegantly marked with close-set waved curly brown lines ; spire short; whorls four to five, convex, the last inflated ; columella arched, dilated, white; aper- ture lunar-circular, milk-white within; lip simple, straight. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 23. f. 7, 8. Hab. Island of Hayti. The marking of this species is extremely characteristic, the entire surface being marked with very delicate short wavy brown lines. Helv, PLNLV: HELIX. Puate XLVI. Species 218. (Mus. Adams.) Hex patina. Hel. testa imperforata, levigatd vel ob- solete granulatd, acul carinatd ; spird fornicatd, apice obtusa, olivaceo-rufa, subtus virescente; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo supra concavo, infra plano-convexo ; apertura subhorizontali, purpureo- carned, marginibus callo junctis, columellari valde cal- loso, supero simplici, basali reflexo, unidentato. Tue pan Hexrx. Shell imperforated, smooth or ob- soletely granulated, sharply keeled; spire arched, obtuse at the apex, olive-red, greenish beneath ; whorls five, rather flattened, last whorl concave above, flatly convex beneath; aperture nearly hori- zontal, purple-flesh colour, margins joined by a cal- lous layer, columellar margin very callous, upper margin simple, basal margin reflected, one-toothed. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 29. Hab. Jamaica. This is an authentic representation of Professor Adams’s H. patina, and it may prove to be a variety of H. ingens, and not, as the author suggests, a variety of H. acuta. Species 219. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix acuta. Hel.testd obtecté umbilicatd, discoided, utrin- que convexd, solidd, fulvd, minutim granulosé ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo convexo, ca- rinato ; apertura fere horizontali, laté lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, marginibus callo junctis, supero parum expanso, basali subrecto, late reflexo, bidentato. Tue snare Hexix. Shell with a partially covered um- bilicus, discoid, convex on both sides, solid, fulyous, minutely granulated ; whorls five to six, rather flat- tened, the last convex, keeled; aperture nearly hori- zontal, broadly lunar ; lip simple, margins joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin but little ex- panded, basal margin nearly straight, broadly re- flected, two-toothed. Lamarck, Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 462. f. 1. Helix Lamarckii, ¥érussac. Carocolia Lamarekii, Villa. Eadem var. Helix acutissima, Deshayes. Carocolla acutissima, Lamarck. Helix heteroclites, Lamarck. Hab. Jamaica. This is usually regarded to be the original H. acuta, al- though any one of the species figured in the accompanying plate may have been referred to that type at the time it was founded. Species 220. (Mus. Adams.) Heuix Cuemnitziana. Hel. testa imperforatd, depressé, superné radiatim plicato-malleata, undique granulosa, sub epidermide olivcaced rufa, acut2 carinatd ; spira subelevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus quingue, planis, ultimo bast convero ; apertura subtriangulari, intus nitidé, carned ; peristomate carneo, margine supero subex- panso, basali reflexo, dente valido munito, columellari stricto, dilatato, appresso, inequaliter pluridentato. Cuemnitz’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, ra- diately plicately indented round the upper part, gra- nuled throughout, red beneath an olive epidermis, sharply keeled; spire scarcely elevated, obtuse; whorls five, flat, last whorl convex at the base; aperture nearly triangular, shining within, flesh- colour; lip flesh-colour, upper margin rather ex- panded, basal reflected and furnished with one strong tooth, columellar margin drawn out, dilated, ap- pressed, unequally many-toothed. PrerFreER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 43. Heliz fluctuata, Adams. Hab. Jamaica. This species is chiefly characterized by a number of obliquely plicated indentations, ranging spirally on the upper surface next the periphery. Species 221. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HE.ix 1NGENS. Hel. testé plerumque wmbilicata, discoi- ded, acut? carinatd, juxta carinam concacd, plus minus granulosd, rufa vel fulco-olicaced ; spird parum ele- vatd, obtusd; anfractibus quingue, sublus conceris ; apertura subtriangulari, carned aut fulcescente-albé, marginibus callo junctis, supero plano-erpanso, basali reflexo, dentibus duobus, interdum unico, munito. Tue LarcE Hexrx. Shell generally umbilicated, discoid, sharply keeled, concave next the keel, more or less granulated, red or fulvous-olive ; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls five, convex beneath ; aperture nearly October, 1851. HELIX.—Puate XLVI. triangular, flesh-colour or fulvous-white, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin flatly ex- panded, basal reflected, furnished with two teeth, sometimes only one. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 76. Hab. Jamaica. This is the largest of this form of Helix, and, excepting H. Chemnitziana, the most sharply keeled. The umbilicus is sometimes entirely, sometimes only partially covered, and the dentition of the aperture varies. In the specimen represented at Fig. 221 a, there are two strong teeth and a slight indication of a third; in that at Fig. 221 4, which is equally an adult shell, there is but a single tooth, and that a small one. Species 222. (Fig. a, Mus. Adams; and Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Barnprmcer. Hel. testa plerumque umbilicatd, depressa, discoided, solidad, undique granulatd, cinna- momed vel violacescente, basi fulod ; spird vie elevata, obtusd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planis, ultimo ro- tundato, ad peripheriam sepe albo-zonato, basi con- veriusculo; apertura perobliqua, lunato-triangulari, carned ; peristomate subincrassato, fusco-carneo, mar- ginibus callo junctis, supero late expanso, basali reflexo, sudappresso, dente unico valido instructo, columellari perdilatato, umbilicum partim vel omnino obtegente. BaryperpeGe’s Heix. Shell generally umbilicated, de- pressed, discoid, solid, granulated throughout, cin- namon or violet-red, fulvous at the base; spire scarcely elevated, obtuse ; whorls five to six, flat, the last rounded, often white-zoned at the periphery, rather convex at the base; aperture very oblique, lunately triangular, flesh-tinged ; lip rather thickened, brown-flesh, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin broadly expanded, basal reflected, slightly appressed, furnished with a single strong tooth, columellar margin much dilated, covering wholly or partially the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 44. Hab. Jamaica. Demerara. This species is mainly distinguished by the keelless rounded growth of the periphery. As in the preceding species, the umbilicus is sometimes partially, sometimes wholly covered. Helix, PL. XLVI. 2° nae HELIX. Puate XLVILII. Species 223. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix cara. Hel. testéd imperforald, depressd, lenticu- lari, acutissimé carinatd, levigatd aut minutissime granulatd, fusco-olivaced ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, planis; apertura subtriangulari, marginibus callo tenui junctis ; peristomate incrassato, depresso-re- jfleco, margine basali intus quadridentato, dentibus an- gustis, erectis, duobus anticis approximatis, basi cal- losis et elevatis. Tue precrous Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, lens-shaped, very sharply keeled, smooth or very minutely granulated, brown-olive; spire obtuse; whorls five, flat; aperture subtriangular, margins joined by a thin callous layer ; lip thickened, depressly reflected, basal margin four-toothed within, teeth narrow, erect, the two front teeth contiguous, callous and raised at their base. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 29. Hab. Jamaica. An extremely interesting species, allied to the following, but readily distinguished on comparison. It is uniformly of smaller size, not so much flattened out at the periphery, and covered by a more horny kind of epidermis. Species 224. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx peracutissima. Hel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, depressissimo-pland, lenticulari, tenuiculd, fusca, exile granulata ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, planis, ultimo in carinam lamelliformem acutissimam ad peri- pheriam expanso; apertura perdepresso-triangulari ; peristomate refleco, margine basali intus quadridentato, dentibus angustis, erectis, duobus anticis basi elevatis. Tue very suare Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, very depressly flattened, lens-shaped, rather thin, brown, finely granuled; spire obtuse ; whorls five, flat, expanded at the periphery into a very sharp lamelliform keel; aperture very depressly triangular; lip reflected, basal edge four-toothed within, teeth narrow, erect, the two front ones raised at the base. Apams, Pro. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. 1845, p. 15. Hab. Jamaica. Remarkably characterized by its depressed growth, the last whorl being pinched and flattened round the periphery into a thin plate. Species 225. (Mus. Cuming.) Henrx Oxentana. Tel. testd imperforatd, orhiculari, utringue convexd, obtuse carinatd, undique regulariter granulatd, superné fusca, basi pallidd; anfractilus quinque ad sex, rotundato-planatis, ullimo antic? deflexo, basi profundé bi-scrobiculato ; apertura subhorizon- tali, ellipticd, coarctatd ; peristomate carneo-fusco, in- crassato, marginibus callo junctis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, tridentato, dentibus equidistantibus, an- tico superne sulcato. Oxen’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, convex on both sides, obtusely keeled, regularly granuled throughout, brown on the upper surface, pale on the lower; whorls five to six, rotundately flattened, last whorl deflected in front, deeply two-furrowed at the base; aperture nearly horizontal, elliptical, contracted ; lip flesh-brown, thickened, margins joined by a cal- losity, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, three- toothed, teeth equidistant, front tooth grooved at the upper part. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 63. Hab. Jamaica. Distinguished by a somewhat depressly globose form, with a light brown band beneath the periphery. Species 226. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Lisnzana. Hel. umbilicatd, depressd, supra con- vexd, infra rotundatd, acute carinatd, pallidé fulod, supra rugoso-malleata, infra minute et oblique rugulosd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, lente accrescentibus, planu- latis, ultimo basi subinflato, anticd viz descendente ; umbilico majusculo, cylindrico; apertura angulato- lunari, ad carinam canaliculaté ; peristomate incras- sato, carneo, marginibus callo junctis, supero breci, ex- panso, basali arcuato, reflexo, columellari breviter de- scendente, subdilatato. Tue Linnean Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, convex above, rounded beneath, sharply keeled, pale fulvous, rugosely indented above, minutely ob- liquely wrinkled beneath ; whorls five to six, enlarging slowly, flattened, the last rather inflated at the base, October, 1851. hk. HELIX.—Puate XLVIUI. searcely descending anteriorly; umbilicus rather large, cylindrical; aperture angularly lunar, channelled at the keel; lip thickened, flesh-tinged, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin short, expanded, basal arched, reflected, columellar margin shortly descending, rather dilated. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 43. Hab. P The habitat of this characteristic species, which is at present unique, in the collection of Mr. Cuming, is un- known, but it is here arranged with the large Jamaica Helices, because it partakes in some degree of the typical form of H. ingens and its congeners. Species 227. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx caracotia. Tel. testd imperforatd, solidd, co- noideo-depressd, striatié, sub epidermide olivaceo-fuscd vel nigricante-rufa ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo acut2 carinato, basi con- vexiusculo ; aperturd subtriangulari, intus albd aut livido-cerulescente ; peristomate incrassato, albo aut livido-cerulescente marginibus cailo junctis, basali di- latato, umbilicum obtegente. Tue cap Hexrx. Shell imperforated, solid, conoidly depressed, striated, red, beneath an olive-brown or blackish epidermis ; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last sharply keeled, rather convex at the base; aperture somewhat triangular, interior white or livid-blue; lip thickened, white or livid- blue, margins joined by a callous layer, basal margin dilated, covering the place of the umbilicus. Helix carocolla, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1243. Helix tornata, Born. Caracolla albilabris, Lamarck. Hab, West India Islands. The lip and aperture of this ancient species are more frequently white, than of the dark livid-blue colour repre- sented in the accompanying figure. Species 228. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Spenerertana. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglo- bos, depressd, solidd, striatd, nitidd, pallide castanea ; spird parum elevatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, supremis planis, minutissime granulatis, ultimis duobus convexis, ullimo medio obtuse carinato, basi converius- culo; apertura perobliqud, lunari, intus fusculd ; pe- ristomate late expanso, breviter reflexo, marginibus callo nitido junctis, basali sinuoso, reflexo, subappresso, columellari perdilatato, adnato, umbilicum prorsus tegente. Spencier’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, somewhat glo- bosely depressed, solid, striated, shining, pale chest- nut; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls five to six, the uppermost flattened and minutely granulated, the last two convex, the last obtusely keeled in the middle, slightly convex at the base; aperture very oblique, lunar, brownish within; lip broadly ex- panded, shortly reflected, margins joined by a callous layer, basal margin sinuous, reflected, rather appressed, columellar margin much dilated, adnate, covering the seat of the umbilicus. Hab. Jamaica. Scarcely distinguished from H. Bainbridgei, except in being of a more globosely convoluted form. Species 229. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LuceRNA. Hel. testd imperforatd, orbiculari, gla- briusculd, supra convexo-pland, rufescente-castaned, subtus inflatd, olivaceo-fulvd, minute granulatd ; spird brevissind, suturd lineari, marginata; anfractibus quingue, planulatis, ultimo convexo, obtuse carinato, anticé vix descendente ; apertura laté lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, su- pero expanso, subincrassato, columellari brevi, dilatato, umbilicum tegente, basali reflexo, calloso, bidentato, dentibus fere equalibus, compressis. Tue vamp Hexix. Shell imperforated, orbicular, rather smooth, convexly flattened above and reddish chest- nut, inflated beneath, olive-fulvous, minutely gra- nulated; spire very short, suture linear, margined ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last convex, obtusely keeled, scarcely descending anteriorly; aperture broadly lunar; lip simple, margins joined by a very thin callous layer, upper margin expanded, rather thickened, columellar margin short, dilated, covering the seat of the umbilicus, basal reflected, callous, two-toothed, teeth almost equal, compressed. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 13. Caracolla lucerna, Lamarck. Eadem var. Caracolla Julia, Gray. Hab. Jamaica. This species approximates to the H. acuta type, and partakes of the same granulated sculpture and tone of colouring. Helta, PL XIAN sirey «ly — Mines Wii jt HAY HELIX. Pirate XLIX. Species 230. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix aneurata. Hel. testa imperforatd, depressd, su- perné planiusculd, ad peripheriam valde turgidd, acute carinatd, oblique striata, undique albidd ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo per- inflato, juxta columellam declivem strictiusculam sub- compresso ; apertura subrhombed ; peristomate subin- crassato, breviter reflexo. Tue anGLep Heix. Shell imperforated, depressed, rather flattened at the upper part, very much swollen and sharply keeled at the periphery, ob- liquely striated, white throughout; whorls four, flat- tened, enlarging rapidly, last whorl much inflated, slanting towards the columella, which is drawn out and a little compressed; aperture subrhomboid ; lip rather thickened, slightly reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 61. f. 2. Helix inflata, Deshayes. Caracolla inflata, Lamarck. Caracolla angulata, Gray. Hab. Porto Rico. Of a peculiar parachute-like form, the angled periphery of the last whorl being nearly on a plane with the spire, from the circumference of which the shell is attenuated gradually to the base of the columella. Species 231. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetx opiiterata. Hel. testé imperforatd, orbiculatd, carinatd, supra subconicd, subtus valde turgidd, granu- losd, sub epidermide fuscescente albicante ; anfractibus quatuor, subplanulatis ; columellé albi, leviter ar- cuatd ; aperturd angulato-lunari; peristomate subin- crassato, breviter reflexo, margine dilatato, calloso. Tue worn Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, keeled, slightly conical at the upper part, much swollen beneath, granular, whitish beneath a light brown epidermis; whorls four, rather flattened ; columella white, slightly arched; aperture angularly lunar ; lip rather thickened, shortly reflected, margin dilated, callous. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 61. f. 3. Hab, Porto Rico, The name given to this species by Férussac can only apply to a specimen in bad condition. The shell here re- presented, from Mr. Cuming’s collection, is covered with a fine fresh obliquely streaked epidermis. Species 232. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx Jamaicensis. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, striis incrementi obsoletis lineisque impressis obliquis confertissimis subreticulatd, rufo-castaned, albo-conata ; spird parculd, brevi, obtusd ; sutura lineari ; anfrac- tibus tribus ad quatuor, summis planis, ultimo per- magno, inflato; apertura lunato-ovali; peristomate incrassato, expanso, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Tue Jamatca Hewrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, faintly reticulated with obsolete strie of growth and very close-set oblique impressed lines, reddish chest- nut, zoned with white; spire rather small, short, obtuse; suture linear; whorls three to four, the uppermost flat, the last very large, inflated; aperture lunately oval ; lip thickened, expanded, margins joined by a thin callosity. Cuemni1z, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 115. pl. 129. f. 1140-1. Hab. Jamaica. This well-known species stands out very conspicuously among the Helices of Jamaica, as being the only re- presentative of a type, remarkable in its locality for form and size. Species 233. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix cepa. Hel. testé imperforatd, depresso-globosé, ob- liqué irregulariter rugoso-striata, rufa, pallide fas- ciald ; spird brevi; suturd levi ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo subcarinato, jurta aperturam a latere compresso, sulcoque elongato, intus plicam validam formante, instructo ; aperturé lunari ; peristomate expanso, marginibus callo junctis, basali laté calloso, unidentato. 8 ONION Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, obliquely irregularly rugosely striated, red, faintly banded ; spire short ; suture smooth ; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last faintly keeled, compressed at the side next the aperture, furnished with an elongated groove forming a strong fold in- ternally; aperture lunar; lip expanded, margins joined by a callosity, basal margin broadly callous, one-toothed. October, 1851. . HELIX.—Ptare XLIX. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 94. Helix impressa, De Blainville. Hab. Island of Hayti. Remarkably distinguished bya deeply impressed furrow behind the lip in the last whorl. Species 234. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx Patvasiana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, compresso- orbiculari, discoided, superné oblique arcuatim rugoso- striata, infra rotundatda, albida, ad peripheriam fusco- zonatd ; spird obtusd; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo carinato, carina versus aper- turam obsoletd ; aperturé lunari-rotundatd, labro re- flexo, marginibus approximatis ; umbilico amplo, pro- Sundo, pervio. Pauuas’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, compressly orbi- cular, discoid, obliquely arcuately rugosely striated at the upper part, rounded beneath, whitish, encircled with a brown zone at the periphery; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last keeled, keel obsolete towards the aperture; aperture lunar- rounded ; lip reflected, margins approximated; um- bilicus large, deep, open. Prererer, Zeitschrift fir Malac. 1850, p. 67. Hab. Bermuda. The whorls of this species are characterized by a more than usually discoid tubular form of convolution, around a deep perspective umbilicus. Helix’, Pl. L£. £36,a 236.6 238. a 240.6. 239.6 HELIX. Prate L. Species 235. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX picturata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-or- biculari, ad peripheriam rotundatd, undique creberrimé granulosa, rufo-castaned, epidermide tenui hydrophand albidé wundato-radiatad; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, ultimo infra labrum quadri-scrobicu- lato ; aperturd horizontali, angusté lunari; labro re- Jflexo, basali calloso, quadridentato. Tue specKLED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly orbicular, rounded at the periphery, very closely granuled throughout, red-chestnut, rayed in a zigzag manner with a light hydrophanous whitish epidermis; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, the last four-furrowed beneath the lip; aperture horizontal, narrowly lunar ; lip reflected, basal lip callous, four-toothed. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 30. Hab. Jamaica. Readily distinguished by a conspicuous zigzag pattern, derived from an overlying light hydrophanous epidermis. Species 236. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Scuroetrerrana. Hel. testa imperforata, de- presso-orbiculari, ad peripheriam obtuse carinatd, so- lida, obsolete granulatd, olivaceo-castaned, zona luteold cingulatd ; spird convexd ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo antice deflexo, infra labrum scrobiculato; apertura horizontali, oblongo-lunari ; peristomate incrassato, re- flexo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali expanso, appresso, intus quadridentato, dentibus duobus anticis basi approximatis et callosis. Scuroerer’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly or- bicular, obtusely keeled at the periphery, solid, ob- soletely granuled, olive-chestnut, encircled with a yellow zone; spire convex; whorls five, last whorl deflected in front, furrowed beneath the lip; aperture horizontal, oblong-lunar; lip thickened, reflected, margins joined by a thin callous layer, basal margin expanded, appressed, four-toothed within, the two front teeth approximated and callous at their base. PreirreER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 44. Hab. Jamaica. A solid olivaceous-tinted shell, with the lip strongly coloured with a swarthy flesh-colour. Species 237. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TuMIDA. Hel, testd imperforatd, globosd, rugoso- striatd, nitidiusculd, albd, epidermide fulco-olicaced indutd ; spird parculd, elecatd, apice nudé ; anfrac- tibus quinque, tumidis, ultimo permagno ; columella subverticali, elongata, albo-callosd, basi subtorté ; apertura ampld, lunato-rotundatd, intus caeruleacente ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine dextro arcuato, basali cum columella angulum formante. THE sWoOLLEN Heix. Shell imperforated, globose, ru- gosely striated, rather shining, white, covered with a fulvous-olive epidermis; spire rather small, raised, apex deprived of epidermis ; whorls five, swollen, the last very large; columella subvertical, elongated, white- callous, slightly twisted at the base; aperture large, lunar-rounded, bluish within; lip simple, straight, right edge arched, basal edge forming an angle with the columella. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 130. Hab. West Indies? A light inflated shell, with a peculiarly contorted ap- pressed columella. Species 238. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx soror. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressé, lenticulari, acute carinatd, oblique striata, granulata, violaceo- fusca, medio late albido-cingulata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis, ultimo anticé deflexo, basi viz convezo, antice scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, ellip- ticd ; peristomate subincrassato, marginibus callo june- tis, supero sinuoso, expanso, basali reflexo, umbilicum mediocrem semitegente, dentibus equaliter distantibus, lamelliformibus, intrantibus arcuato. Tur sister Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, len- ticular, sharply keeled, obliquely striated, granulated, violet-brown, broadly encircled with white round the middle; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last de- flected in front, but little convex at the base, fur- rowed anteriorly; aperture horizontal, elliptic; lip rather thickened, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin sinuous, expanded, basal reflected, half-covering a middling umbilicus, armed with four entering teeth, which are lamelliform and equidistant. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 54. f. 4. October, 1851. HELIX.—Pware L. Carocolla soror, Wood. Carocolla quadridentata, Menke. Hab. Jamaica. Remarkable for its compressed lens-shaped form, flatted out at the periphery into a very thin sharp keel. Species 239. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix avuricoma. el. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, solidd, superne plicis obliquis confertis sculptd, basi nitidd, striata, citrind ; spird brevi, obtusa ; su- turd mediocri; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, con- veviusculis, ultimo inflato ; aperturd irregulari, coarc- tatd, intus alba; peristomate incrassato, margine dextro arcuato, columellari dilatato, stricto, pecu- liariter appresso, subexcavato. THE GOLDEN HAIR Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, solid, sculptured at the upper part with close-set oblique folds, striated and shining at the base, citron-colour; spire short, obtuse ; suture mid- dling; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last inflated; aperture irregular, contracted, interior white; lip thickened, right margin arched, colu- mellar margin dilated, long drawn out, peculiarly appressed, slightly excavated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 46. f. 7-9. Helix Bonplandi, Valenciennes (not of Lamarck). Fadem minor. Helix microstoma, Lamarck. Helix noscibilis, Férussac. Hab. Cuba. The small variety, Fig. 239 4, described by Férussac and Lamarck as a distinct species, is of rather more solid growth. The species is mainly characterized by its con- tracted aperture, and by the hollow appressed growth of its basal margin. Species 240. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Cuirryana. el. testd imperforatd, depresso- orbiculari, lenticulari, fusco-rufa, ad peripheriam acute carinatam albicante, epidermide tenui hydrophand in strigis tenuibus, acute undatis, supra et infra profuse radiaté ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis ; apertura horizontali, oblongo-lunari ; peri- stomate reflexo, fusco-carneo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali incrassato, intus quadridentato. Currry’s Heirx. Shell imperforated, depressly orbicular, lens-shaped, brown-red, whitish at the sharply keeled periphery, profusely rayed with a thin hydrophanous epidermis deposited in thin sharply zigzag streaks ; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, flattened ; aperture horizontal, oblong-lunar; lip reflected, brown-fiesh, margins joined by a thin callous layer, basal margin thickened, four-toothed within. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No, 2. p. 30. Hab. Jamaica. This very characteristic new species is named by Pro- fessor Adams in honour of the Hon. E. Chitty, Chairman of Quarter Sessions, Jamaica, an assiduous conchologist, by whom he was greatly assisted during his researches in that island. Helix, Pui. = Sieben La S = HELIX. Puate LI. Species 241. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Bronni. Hel. testd imperforatd, semiglobosd, tenuistriatd, punctatd, nitiduld, castaned, ad apicem obtusum pallida ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo obsolete carinato, basi planulato, granuloso, et caeru- lescente-albido, fascia castaned unicd infra carina, antic? defleco, profunde scrobiculato ; apertura subho- rizontali, elliptico-oblonga ; peristomate laté incrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali dilatato, reflexo, fusco-maculato, intus quadridentato. Bronn’s Herrx. Shell imperforated, semiglobose, finely striated, punctured, shining, chestnut, pale at the apex which is obtuse; whorls five, convex, the last obsoletely keeled, rather flattened, granulated and bluish-white at the base, ornamented with a single chestnut band beneath the keel, deflected anteriorly, deeply furrowed ; aperture nearly horizontal, ellipti- cally oblong; lip broadly thickened, margins joined by a thin callous layer, basal margin dilated, reflected, brown-blotched, four-toothed within. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 131. Helix sinuata, var., Férussac. Hab. Jamaica. Distinguished by its compact globose form and absence of chestnut colouring at the base. Species 242. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HeELIx INvaLipa. Hel. testé inperforatd, subglobosa, un- dique minut? granulatd et punctatd, ad peripheriam carind tenui cingulatd, rufo-castaned, zonuld alba medio ornatd ; spird elevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus quin- que, rotundatis, ultimo antic deflexo, tri-scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, oblongo-lunari, marginibus ap- proxinatis, basali reflexo, appresso, intus quadridentato. Tue weak Hexix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, minutely granulated and punctured throughout, en- circled round the periphery with a fine keel, reddish chestnut, ornamented with a narrow white zone round the middle; spire raised, obtuse ; whorls five, rounded, the last deflected in front, three-furrowed ; aperture horizontal, oblong-lunar, margins approx- imated, basal margin reflected, appressed, four- toothed within. - Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 79. Eadem var. H. candescens, Adams. Hab. Jamaica. This, and one or two other allied species, are charac- terized by a fine thread-like keel which encircles the last whorl in the centre of a narrow white band. Species 243. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix stnuata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-globosa, solidd, undique minulé granulatd, saturaté castaned, fascia pallida cingulatd, basi violascente ; spird semi- globost ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ullimo carinato, basi convexo, anticé deflexo, valde stricto, scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, angusté lunari ; peristomate sub- incrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero ex- panso, basali appresso, quadridentato, dentibus compres- sis, intrantibus. Tue sinuatep Herx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, solid, minutely granulated throughout, dark chestnut, encircled with a faint band, violet-tinged at the base; spire semiglobose; whorls five, convex, the last keeled, convex at the base, deflected an- teriorly, much drawn out, and furrowed ; aperture horizontal, narrowly lunar ; lip somewhat thickened, margins joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin expanded, basal margin appressed, four-toothed, teeth compressed, entering. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 15. Hab. Jamaica. This may be regarded as the original type of the cha- racteristic group of Jamaica Helices, of which others are represented in the accompanying plate. Species 244. (Tig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heix strancunata. Jel. testd imperforata, globosd, solidd, undique minulé granulata et punctala, rufo- castaned, basi pallida, virescente ; spird obtusa ; an- Sractibus quingue, ultimo anticé deflexo, late scrobicu- lato; apertura oblongo-lunari, contracta ; peristomate dilatato, marginibus approximatis, basali late reflexo, appresso, intus tridentato, dentibus lamellaribus t- trantibus. Tue STRANGLED Hexix. Shell imperforated, globose, solid, minutely granulated and punctured throughout, reddish-chestnut, pale and greenish at the base ; spire obtuse; whorls five, the last deflected anteriorly and October, 1851. HELIX.—Puiate LI. ~ broadly furrowed ; aperture oblong-lunar, contracted; lip dilated, margins approximated, basal margin broadly reflected, appressed, three-toothed within, teeth lamellar, entering. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 30. Hab. Jamaica. This species is of a peculiarly globose form, with the aperture contracted and the peristome unusually broadly dilated. Species 245. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix vatma. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, basi planulaté, ad peripheriam tenuicarinaté, undique minute granulatd et punctatd, rufo-castaned, zonulé pullidd cingulatéd, basi pallida, virescente ; spird ob- tusd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, ultimo anticé deflexo et scrobiculato; apertura oblongo-lunari, valde dilatata, marginibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, supero di- latato, basali calloso, late reflexo, intus quadridentato. Tue stronG Hetix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, flattened at the base, finely keeled at the periphery, minutely granulated and punctured throughout, red- dish-chestnut, encircled with a pale zone, pale and greenish at the base ; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, the last deflected anteriorly and furrowed; aperture oblong-lunar, much dilated, margins approximated, joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin dilated, basal margin callous, broadly reflected, four-toothed within. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 77. Hab. Jamaica. A large robust species, chiefly distinguished by the pro- longed dilated growth of the aperture. Species 246. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Adams.) Heix aNnoMaLa. Tel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculari, un- dique minute granulosa et punctatd, purpureo-castaned, carind tenui albicante ad peripheriam cingulatd ; spiré obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo basi ro- tundato, antic? reflexo, quadri-scrobiculato ; umbilico profundo, pervio ; apertura horizontali, trigono-oblongd, margine integro, incrassato, calloso, carneo-fusco, pecu- liariter elevato, intus quadridentato, dentibus intranti- bus, suboccultis. Tue aNomaLous Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, minutely granulated and punctured throughout, purple-chestnut, encircled at the periphery with a thin whitish keel; spire obtuse; whorls five, convex, the last rounded at the base, deflected in front, four-fur- rowed ; umbilicus deep, open; aperture horizontal, triangularly oblong, margin entire, thickened, cal- lous, flesh-brown, peculiarly raised, four-toothed within, teeth entering, nearly hidden. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 9. p. 171. Hab. Jamaica. This species belongs to the same natural type as the others of this plate, but is distinguished by a remarkable peculiarity in the aperture. Instead of the margin being divided and spread in a callous layer over the axis of the whorls, it is entire and thickly elevated after the manner of H. labyrinthus, leaving an open axial umbilicus. Species 247. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix consancuinea. Hel. testd@ nune imperforata, nunc umbilicatd, orbiculari, solidd, subdepressa, undique granulosd et punctatd, ad peripheriam carina tenui filiformi cincté; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo anticé deflexo, quadri-scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, subdilatata, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero parum reflexo, basali reflexo, appresso, intus quadridentato, dentibus lamellaribus, erectis. Tne atuiep Hetrx. Shell sometimes imperforated, sometimes umbilicated, orbicular, solid, somewhat depressed, granulated and punctured throughout, en- circled at the periphery with a thin thread-like keel ; spire obtuse; whorls five, convex, the last deflected in front, four-furrowed; aperture horizontal, some- what dilated, margins joined by a thin callous layer, upper margin but little reflected, basal margin re- flected, appressed, four-toothed within, teeth lamel- lar, erect. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 9. p. 170. Hab, Jamaica. This is rather a doubtful species, intermediate between H. valida and sinuata. Hex [’/ Lil ees e = & © HELIX. Prate LIT. Species 248. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix tycunucuus. Hel. testé imperforatd, orbiculato- conoided, solidd, fusca, undique granulatd ; spird co- noided, obtusd ; suturé lineari; anfractibus quinque, subplanulatis, ultimo acute carinato, anticé subitd de- flexo, infra carinam scrobiculato ; apertura subrhombed; peristomate fusco, incrassato, marginibus callo crasso junctis, supero vix expanso, basali dilatato, reflexo, in- tus bidentato, dentibus intrantibus, antico multo vali- diore. Tue canpLestick Hexix. Shell imperforated, orbicu- larly conoid, solid, brown, granulated throughout ; spire conoid, obtuse; suture linear; whorls five, rather flattened, the last sharply keeled, suddenly de- flected in front, furrowed beneath the keel; aperture subrhomboid ; lip brown, thickened, margins joined by a thick callous layer, upper margin expanded, basal dilated, reflected, two-toothed within, teeth entering, front tooth much the stronger. Moc ter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p- 81. Hab. Martinique, Guadaloupe. A compact trochiform shell, sharply keeled at the periphery, beneath which part the shell is concave and then rounded. Species 249. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Isapenia. Hel. testé imperforatd, orbiculari, sub- globosd, levigatd aut minute oblique striatd, suturd lineari, fusco-olivaced, ad peripheriam pallide fasciata ; spirad obtusd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; apertura ovato-lunari, coarctatd ; peristomate incrassato, livido- fusco, marginibus callo junctis, supero introrsum dila- tato, basali subobscuré unidentato. Tue Isapetta Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, subglobose, smooth or minutely obliquely striated, suture linear, brown-olive, faintly banded at the periphery ; spire obtuse; whorls five, convex ; aper- ture ovately lunar, contracted; lip thickened, livid- brown, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin dilated inwardly, basal margin rather obscurely one-toothed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 47. f. 2. Hab, Barbadoes. This is very closely allied to the following species, and should probably be referred to it as a variety. Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX DENTIENS. Hel. testd imperforaté, subglobosd, so- lidd, obliqué striata, nigrescente-fuscd ; sutura lineari ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo subangulato, antice gibbo ; aperturé subhorizontali, coarctaté, trans- verse oblonga ; peristomate latd incrassato, maryini- bus callo junctis, supero introrsum dilatato, basali ir- regulariter denticulato. Tue TEETHING Hetix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, solid, obliquely striated, blackish-brown; suture linear ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last subangu- lar, gibbous anteriorly ; aperture subhorizontal, con- tracted, transversely oblong; lip broadly thickened, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin di- lated inwardly, basal irregularly toothed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 48. f. 2, and pl. 48 4. f. 1. Hab. Martinique, Guadaloupe. Of a more solid robust form than the preceding, but participating in the same characters, one of which worth noting is that the upper margin of the aperture is curved inwardly. Species 251. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ORBICULATA. globosd, solidd, striata, virente-fuscd ; spird converd, Hel. testé imperforata, subsemi- obtusé ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, ad peripheriam zonis angustis nigricante-rufis circumdato, basi planiusculo ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ellipticd ; peristomate incrassato, re- jflexo, fusco-violaceo, marginibus callo junctis, basali obscure late transverse dentato. Tue orpicuLtar Hetrx. globose, solid, striated, greenish-brown; spire con- vex, obtuse; whorls five to six, rather flattened, the last obsoletely angled, encircled with two narrow blackish-red zones at the periphery, rather flat at the base; aperture thickened, reflected, brownish-violet, margins joined by acallous layer, basal margin obscurely broadly Shell imperforated, subsemi- very oblique, lunar-elliptical; lip transversely toothed. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. +7. f. 4. Hab. Guyana, Cayenne. The lower of the two characteristic bands which en- circle this shell, falls below the suture, so that it is con- cealed in all but the last whorl. October, 1851. Species 252. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GRaNniFERA. Hel. testa imperforatd, orbiculari, depresso-conicé, solida, pallid? brunned, granis parcis albis aspersa ; spird convera, obtusa ; anfractibus quin- que, converiusculis, ultimo acut2 carinato, anticé de- Slexo, subgibbo, basi plano, viz scrobiculato; apertura subhorizontali, transverse triangulari-ovali ; peristomate albo, incrassato, marginibus callo albo junctis, supero expanso, reflexiusculo, basali lat2 reflexo, strictiusculo, dentibus non intrantibus, antico multo validiore. Tue Grarvep Heurx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, depressly conical, solid, pale brown, sprinkled with small white grains; spire convex, obtuse ; whorls five, rather convex, the last sharply keeled, deflected in front, rather gibbous, flat at the base, scarcely fur- rowed ; aperture nearly horizontal, transversely tri- angularly oval; lip white, thickened, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin expanded, a little reflected, basal margin broadly reflected, furnished with two teeth not entering. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 68. Hai. Trinidad, Granada; Beck. Very closely resembling H. lima, from which it differs in being more conspicuously grained, and in having two teeth within the aperture. Species 253. (Mus. Cuming.) HE.rIx piscotor. Hel. testé imperforata, depresso-globosa, striatd, obsoleté granulata, rufo-castaned ; spird semi- globosd ; anfractibus quatuor, summis planiusculis, ul- timo tnflato, angulato, supra angulum fascia pallidd ornato, subtus saturatiore, antice gibbo, subitd deflexo ; apertura irregulariter ovali ; peristomate lat2 incras- salto, reflexo, marginibus callo junctis, supero dilatato, basali dente oblongo calloso munito. THE DiscoLovreD Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, striated, obsoletely granulated, red-chestnut ; spire semiglobose ; whorls four, the uppermost rather flattened, the last inflated, angled, ornamented with a light band above the angle, darker beneath, gibbous in front and snddenly deflected ; aperture irregularly oval ; lip broadly thickened, reflected, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin dilated, basal margin furnished with an oblong callous tooth. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 46. f. 3-6. Hab. Trinidad, Martinique. This well-known species is found not unfrequently of larger dimensions than the specimen here figured. Species 254. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Formosa. Hel. testa imperforatd, semiglobosd, caslaned, fasciis fulois et strigis obliquis promiscuis stramineis vel albidis ornatad ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo anticé subitd deflexo, basi granuloso ; apertura subhorizontali, angusta, ovali, in- tus fuled; peristomate infundibuliformi, marginibus acutis, continuis, columellari introrsum dilatato, in- crassato, late dentato. Tne BEavtirvL Hexrx. Shell imperforated, semiglo- bose, chestnut, ornamented with fulvous bands and ob- lique promiscuous white and straw-coloured streaks ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last suddenly deflected anteriorly, granular at the base; aperture nearly horizontal, narrow, oval, fulvous within; lip funnel-like, with the margins sharp and continuous, columellar margin inwardly dilated, thickened, broadly toothed. Hab. West Indies ? Remarkably characterized by its oval continuous aper- ture, and pretty white streaked pattern. Species 255. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELIx punctata. Hel. testé imperforatd, conoideo-glo- bosa, solida, oblique antrorsum plicatulo-striatd, casta- ned, zona pallida cireumdata ; spird oblusé conoided ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, ultimo basi inflato, anticé subitd defleco, superné gibbo et constricto ; apertura obliqua, lunari; peristomate fusco-aurantio, crasso, marginibus callo lato, dente oblongo magno obliquo armato, junctis, supero brevi, stricto, dextrd bidentato, basali dentem majorem et minores nonnullos gerente. Tur puncturepD Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conoidly globose, solid, obliquely plicately striated in the an- terior direction, dark chestnut, encircled with a faint thin zone; spire obtusely conoid; whorls five to six, the last inflated at the base, suddenly deflected in front, gibbous, and drawn out at the upper part; aperture oblique, lunar; lip brown-orange, thick, margins joined by a broad callosity armed with a large oblique oblong tooth, upper margin short, drawn out, right margin two-toothed, basal margin bearing a large tooth and other smaller ones. Born, Test. Mus. Cws. Vindobonensis, p. 372. pl. 14. f. 17, 18. Heliz nux denticulata, Chemnitz. Heliz hippocastanum, Lamarck. Hab. Martinique. The plicated sculpture of this species is peculiar in run- ning in the anterior direction, the reverse of that which marks the growth of a shell. Its great columellar tooth is also remarkable. a = 5 bee { 9 / ee, | . a 7 } ha Helix. Fl LIM. HELIX. Prate LITI. Species 256. (Fig. a to k, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix picta. Hel. testd imperforata, sub-Neriteformi, solidula, glabra, vari2 colorata, fasciis variis et inter- dum strigis remotis varicosis ornata ; spira brevi ; an- Sractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo inflato ; columella arcuata, callosa ; aperturéd subampla, lunato-orali, fauce lacted aut violaced ; péristomate simplici, intus subincrassato, purpureo-nigro vel coccineo limbato. Tue parnteD Hetrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat Nerite-shaped, rather solid, smooth, variously co- loured, ornamented with variously coloured bands and sometimes with remote varicose stripes; spire short; whorls four, convex, the last inflated; colu- mella arched, callous; aperture rather large, lunar- oval, interior milk-white or violet ; lip simple, rather thickened within, and edged with purple-black or scarlet-red. Born, Test. Mus. Ces. Vindobonensis, p. 386. pl. 15. This is, perhaps, the most varicoloured of all the land snails. The following varieties, selected from Mr. Cuming’s cabinet, represent the principal features. Fig. 256 a, a plain unbanded bright yellow, bordered with a line of deep scarlet-red. Fig. 256 4, a bright chestnut, with a sutural and a central white band. Fig. 256 ¢, similar to the preceding, except that the chestnut instead of being uniform is broken up into irregular bands and dotted lines upon a straw-coloured ground. Fig. 256 d, a rich orange-vermilion, with a contiguous black and white central band. Fig. 256 ¢, painted with numerous irregular blue-black and chestnut bands upon a white ground. Species 256 f, dark blackish-violet, with a central white fine thread-like band. Fig. 256 g, olive- green with a sutural and a central white band, lip and suture edged with black. Fig. 256 &, bright yellow, with a sutural and a central black band, lip edged with black. Fig. 256 i, a delicate salmon-colour, with a sutural and a contiguous black and white central band, the latter having a white band beneath it, lip edged with black. Fig. 2564, a bright yellow, with a central white thread-like band, a sutural black band, and a black varicose band, lip edged with black. October, 1851. eas ede | . 7 ae - ow : ; Pas’ ° bd La - '¢ — FT eer : mr = Ce od > aja =. 4 , : » : . ¢ =, 2, 2 ave eq -_ a 4 ees ona ¢ a _ AT | 11D a ii, a : : ; | Bisetlh on wi. ed @ a > a) ' ae ai: 7 yy aT sf : é 7 so Bp OT) os ee ee ; GH iin bem 4; ti +t) ‘eq na heptee a ashe borin j@ fue 7 5) WARDS at ones bowl 6 bight 6-44 | ap! 7 ee Te Ge . 7 a _ =~ > >= 7 as - + = i ape. if _ —> ' - < a rr 45 4 = : i : "ae ' ov on ’ a - ~~ ws i» aes i - @ ( me _ —— -_ Ba) = a B ev. - om 7 : a is 7 7 ~ = : ve = 7 5 7 7 al 7 % . © a % : : f - a aa 64 L a a) => a. a - . <= eer) ere he 7 ee: ; ih Ske : . w Helix, Fl. LIV. — ‘ HELIX. Pirate LIV. Species 257. (Pig. a to 7, Mus. Cuming.) enix ataupa. Jel. testa imperforatd, depresso-globosa, solidiusculd, nitidd, albido-grised, fulvo-cerulescente et castaneo zonatd et marmoratd ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo antice subitd deflexo, basi circa colu- mellam excavato ; aperturd lunato-subcirculari, intus livido-fulva ; peristomate simplici, plerumque roseo, margine supero expanso, columellari dilatato, oblique interdum dentato. ; Tue Lark Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather solid, shining, light grey, zoned and marbled with fulvous-blue and chestnut ; whorls five, convex, the last suddenly deflected in front, excavated at the base around the columella; aperture lunar-subcir- cular, livid-fulvous within; lip simple, frequently tinged with rose, upper margin expanded, columellar dilated, sometimes obliquely toothed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 103. f. 2, 3. Helix purpuragula, Lea. Hab. Cuba. The four specimens represented in the accompanying plate are selected to show how extremely variable this species is in colouring, yet it is very constant in form and may be readily distinguished with care. Species 258. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) Hetix versicotor. Hel. testd imperforata, subglobosd, glabriusculd, alba, lineis fuscis citrinis et roseis elegan- tissimé circumdaté; spird prominente; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo inflato; columella subdila- tatd, rosed ; apertura lunato-subcirculari, fauce rosea ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue MANy-coLourED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, sub- globose, rather smooth, white, elegantly encircled with brown, citron, and rose lines; spire prominent ; whorls four, convex, the last inflated; columella sub- dilated, pink; aperture lunately subeircular, pink in the interior; lip simple, sharp. Born, Test. Mus. Cas. Vindobonensis, p. 386. pl. 16. ret Sill; Hab. Cuba. . A light subporecelain shell, very prettily painted with dark and coloured lines and bands upon a white ground, the aperture and vicinity of the columella being stained with deep pink. Species 259. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewtrx Bonpiranpir. Hel. testa angust® umbilicalaé, or- biculato-convera, fulvescente-fusci, nigro obsolel2 bi- cingulatd, striis incrementi et spiralibus tenuissimis decussata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, converius- culis ; aperturd transverse ovali, intus fusco-violaced ; peristomate simplici, margine dextro dilatato, basali subincrassato, ad columellam reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente. Bonpiann’s Herrx. Shell narrowly umbiliecated, orbi- cularly convex, fulvous-brown, faintly marked with two blackish bands, decussated with very fine spiral striz and strive of growth; whorls four to five, rather convex ; aperture transversely oval, brownish-violet within; lip simple, right margin dilated, slightly thickened at the base, reflected at the columella, almost covering the umbilicus. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p. 40. Hab. Cuba. The margins of the aperture are not united by a callous layer in this species, but they are more than usually ap- proximated. Species 260. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx muscarum. Jel. testé imperforata, globosé, solida, laevigata, nitidd, luted vel albd, fasciis variis ornata, punctisque griseis irregulariter conspersd ; anfractibus qualuor ad quinque, convexis; columella subrecté, dilatatd, alba vel rosea, area columellari rosed ; aper- turd subverlicali, rotundato-lunari, fauce interdum rosea; peristomate simplici, obtuso, intus sublatiato, marginibus callo lenui junctis, Tue rLy-sporren Herix. Shell imperforated, globose, solid, smooth, shining, yellow or white, ornamented with various bands and irregularly sprinkled with grey dots; whorls four to five, convex; columella rather straight, dilated, white or pink, area of the columella pink ; aperture subvertical, rotundately lunar, interior sometimes pink; lip simple, obtuse, thickened inwardly, margins joined by a thin callous layer. Lea, Observations, vol. i. p. 163. pl. 19. f. 59. Heliz carnicolor, D’Orbigny. Hab. Cuba. This characteristic promiscuously dotted species is of the same porcelain-like type as II. versicolor, and is coloured with the same delicate pink about the area of the columella. October, 1851 Helix, PL. LY. HELIX. Pirate LV. Species 261. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX AVELLANA. Hel. testa imperforatd, conoideo-glo- bosd, crassa, ponderosa, sublevigatd, castanea, interdum albo irregulariter radiata et variegata ; spira conoided, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ad suturam pro- fundam plerumque plicatulis et albo-fasciatis, ultimo ventricoso, antice vix descendente ; apertura obliqua, parculd, subsemicirculari ; peristomate subrecto, intus incrassato, marginibus callo junctis, columellari lato, reflexo, appresso. THe FiLBert Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conoidly glo- bose, thick, ponderous, rather smooth, chestnut, sometimes irregularly rayed and variegated with white; spire conoid, obtuse; whorls five, convex, white-banded and generally finely plaited at the suture, which is deep, last whorl ventricose, scarcely descending in front; aperture oblique, rather small, somewhat semicircular ; lip rather straight, thickened within, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin broad, reflected, appressed. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 103. f. 4, 5. Hah. ——? A thin solid shell, marked obliquely with fine chestnut lines. Fig. 262. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here represented proves to be a variety of H. Gossei. Species 263. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Parrarana. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-conica, crassa, spiraliter sulcatd, fulvo-rubra, zona albidd et JSuscad cincla; spird elevatd, conicd; anfractibus sex ad septem, conveziusculis, ultimo subangulato, antice gibbo, ad aperturam constricto ; apertura parva, obtus? triangulari ; peristomate incrassato, breviter reflexo, margine dextro sinuoso, columellari strictiusculo, medio introrsum calloso. Parra’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely conical, thick, spirally grooved, fulvous-red, encircled with a whitish or brown zone ; spire raised, conical; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last slightly angled, gibbous anteriorly, drawn out at the aperture ; aper- ture small, obtusely triangular; lip thickened, shortly reflected, right margin sinuous, columellar margin rather drawn out, inwardly callous about the middle. D’OrsiGyy, Hist. Moll. Cuba, vol. i. p. 146. pl. 7. f. 7-9. Hab. Cuba. This species is chiefly characterized by its spiral grooving. Species 264. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX suPERTEXTA. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicaté, orbi- culato-conoidea, solidiusculd, striis incrementi et lineis impressis concentricis subdecussata, rufescente-fulea, medio pallidé unifasciata, epidermide hydrophana ra- diatim indutd ; suturad profundé, crenulata ; anfrac- tibus quinque, converis ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus fusca ; peristomate albo, margine supero expanso, basali incrassato, reflexo, umbilicum angustum semilegente. THE coveRED Herx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, or- bicularly conoid, rather solid, slightly decussated with striz of growth and impressed concentric lines, reddish-fulvous, with a faint band round the middle, radiately covered with a hydrophanous epidermis ; suture deep, crenulated ; whorls five, convex; aper- ture lunar-oval, brown within; lip whitish, upper margin expanded, basal thickened, reflected, half- covering a narrow umbilicus. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 153. Hab. Cuba. : This species approximates in some measure to the horny North American type of Helix. Species 265. (Mus, Cuming.) Hexix Sacratana. Tiel. testa angustd umbilicata, sub- Trochiformi, liris permultis spiralibus acute elevatis interstitiis malleatis cinctd, solidiusculd, albidé ; spiré conoided ; anfractibus sex ad seplem, viz convexiusculis, ultimo subcarinato, basi converiusculo, circa umbilicum subcompresso ; apertura obliqud, lunari; peristomate breviter reflexo, margine columellari dilatato, tubercu- lato-sinuato. Tue Sacrat Herrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, some- what Trochus-shaped, encircled with numerous sharply raised spiral lines, indented in the interstices, rather solid, whitish ; spire conoidal ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last slightly keeled, rather convex at the base, slightly compressed around the umbi- December, 1851. HELIX.—Puate LV. ~ licus ; aperture oblique, lunar; lip shortly reflected, columellar margin dilated, tubercularly sinuous. D’Orsieny, Hist. Moll, Cuba, vol. i. p. 145. pl. 7. f. 4-6. Hab. Cuba. Though very distinct specifically, there is a strong affi- nity between this species and H, Parraiana. Species 266. (Mus. Adams.) Hewix muitistriata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, tenui, fragili, translucidd, corned, lineis re- gularibus spiralibus creberrimis notata; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obsolete angulato et bicincto, cingulis angustis, conti- guis, supero rufo, infero albido; apertura lunari; peristomate intus sublabiato, margine supero expanso, basali dilatato, reflexo, umbilicum semitegente, prope columellam subdentato. THE MANY-STRIATED HELIX. pressly globose, thin, fragile, transparent, horny, marked with very close regular spiral lines; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled and two-banded at the periphery, bands narrow, contiguous, upper one red, lower one white; aper- ture lunar; lip slightly thickened inwardly, upper margin expanded, basal dilated, reflected, half- covering the umbilicus, slightly toothed near the columella. Desuayes, Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. ii. p. 248. Shell umbilicated, de- | Helix circumtexta, FGrussac. Helix bicincta, Menke. Helix vesica, Lea. Hab. Cuba. The form and sculpture of this shell are much the same as in 7, Sagraiana, but the substance is thin and horny. Species 267. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Poryt. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-convexd, tenui, confertim obliqué costulato-striala, badid, epi- dermide decidua, subvelutiné; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo carinato, anticé deflexo ; columella brevi, verticali ; aperturd subangulato-lunari ; peri- stomate dilatato, purpurascente, margine supero ex- panso, basali reflexo, columellari valdé dilatato, um- bilicum semioccultante. Pory’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, thin, closely obliquely rib-like striated, brown, covered with a deciduous slightly velvety epidermis ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last keeled, deflected in front; columella short, vertical; aperture subangu- larly lunar; lip dilated, purplish, upper margin ex- panded, basal reflected, columellar margin much di- lated, half-covering the umbilicus. Prrir, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1836, pl. 74. Hab. Cuba. Beautifully seulptured throughout with fine close-set rib-like lines. Ww Species 268. age iatus munifo. Tae reics Heo Shell : | in ; : =—ee cS 719s a: | _. oot lie on rigs map 7 } - a i =¢ a > oe jae wor ' ¢ a i — oé : 7 e - f f — ” : > 7 Helix, Pl. LX. 296. 297. £393. & _ HELIX. Pirate LX. Species 293. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX NEMORALINA. Hel. lestd imperforata, depressd, subdiaphand, albido-rosed, tenuissime striata; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, ultimo ned fuscé cincto, antic® defleco; apertura lunato-rotun- data ; peristomate roseo, intus labiato, margine dextro subpatulo, columellari strictiusculo, dilatato, plano. THE LITTLE woop Heztrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, subdiaphanous, pale rose, very finely striated ; spire obtuse; whorls four, rather flattened, last whorl en- circled with a brown line, deflected in front; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip rose-coloured, thickened inwardly, right edge effused, columellar margin rather drawn out, dilated, flattened. Petit, Guerin’s Mag. de Zoologie, 1836, pl. 80. Has. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. A pretty delicately rose-tinted species, encircled with a dark line, which in the upper whorls falls in the place of the suture. Species 294. (Fig. a, J, Mus. Cuming.) HeELIx MoNopoNTA. Hel. testé imperforata, depressé ovata, opacd, glabra, nitida, albidd, fusco-bifasciata vel multilineata ; spira brevi ; anfractibus quatuor, convex- iusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo obsoleté angulato, anticé subitd valdé deflexo; apertura subhorizontali, transverse lunato-ovali, intus sublabiata ; peristomate simplici, expanso, margine basali reflexiusculo, columel- lari dilatato, excavato, introrsum unidentato. THe toornep Hettx. Shell imperforated, depressly ovate, opake, smooth, shining, whitish, two-banded or many-lined with brown ; spire short; whorls four, rather convex, increasing rapidly, the last obsoletely angled, suddenly much deflected in front; aperture subhorizontal, transversely lunar-oval, somewhat thickened inwardly ; lip simple, expanded, basal edge slightly reflected, columellar edge dilated, excavated, inwardly one-toothed. Lea, Observations, vol. i. p. 165. pl. 19. f. 62. Hab. Haiti. Characterized by a small tooth on a part of the lip nearer to the columella than usual. Species 295. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PeMPHIGODES. Hel. testé imperforata, subglobosa, tenui, membranaced, oblique plicatula, diaphand, lutes- cente-corned ; spird brevi, papillata ; anfractibus qua- tuor, viz converis, ultimo magno, carinato, juxta su- turam inflato, basi convero, antic? viz descendente ; co- lumellé simplici, aculd, subcerticali ; apertura ampla, feré circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. THE BLADDER-LIKE Hewrx. Shell imperforated, sub- globose, thin, membranaceous, obliquely plaited, dia- phanous, yellowish-horny; spire short, papillary ; whorls four, slightly convex, the last large, keeled, in- flated next the suture, convex at the base, scarcely descending in front; columella simple, sharp, sub- vertical; aperture large, nearly circular; lip simple, sharp, with the margins approximating. PrEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab. Cuba. A light inflated shell of delicate vesicular texture. Species 296. (Mus. Adams.) ~ Herix Bupprana. Hel. testa imperforatd, subglobosa, tenui, inflatd, fulvescente, subdiaphand ; apird brevis- simd ; suturd distincta ; anfractibus quatuor, suboblique creberrime tenuistriatis ; columella tenerrimé, arcuata; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Bupp’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, in- flated, light fulvous, subdiaphanous; spire very short ; suture distinct ; whorls four, somewhat obliquely very closely finely striated ; columella very thin, arched ; aperture lunately circular, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 9. p. 135. Hab. Jamaica. A light delicate inflated shell of semitransparent texture, covered with a thin fulvous epidermis. Species 297. (Mfus. Cuming.) Heurx munpa. Hel. testé imperforaté, depresso-globosd, tenui, peilucida, subinflata, epidermide fulod indulé ; spira breci; sutura subimpressa ; anfractibus quingue, converis, suboblique creberrime striatis ; columella sub- callosd, appressd ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. December, 1851. HELIX.—Ptate LX. Tue NEAT Hewrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, thin, pellucid, slightly inflated, covered with a fulvous epidermis ; spire short; suture somewhat impressed ; whorls five, convex, somewhat obliquely very closely striated; columella rather callous, appressed; aper- ture lunar, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 32. Hab, Jamaica. Similar in texture and general aspect to the preceding species, but of a more depressly orbicular form. Species 298. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx coLvuMELLata. Hel. lestd imperforatd, convexo- globosd, cerulescente-albd, epidermide olivaceo-luted induté; spird brevi, suturd peculiariter impressa ; an- Sractibus quinque, rotundatis, obliqué tenuistriatis ; co- lumellé arcuatd, callosd, appressd ; apertura semilu- nari, labro simplict. THE coLUMELLATE Hexix. Shell imperforated, con- vexly globose, bluish-white, covered with an olive- yellow epidermis; spire short, with the suture pecu- liarly impressed; whorls five, rounded, obliquely finely striated; columella arched, callous, appressed ; aperture semilunar, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 80. Hab. Jamaica. This has scarcely the appearance of a mature shell. It is of a semitransparent bluish-white substance, covered with a deciduous olive-yellow epidermis. Species 299. (Fig. 299 and 300, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Cupensis. el. testd imperforatd, globulosd, ni- tiduld, longitudinaliter tenerrimé striata, basi convexd, albidd, fuscescente fasciatd aut punctata ; spira brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, convewiusculis, ultimo ventroso; columella brevi, subverticali, descendente, superné viz dilatatd ; apertura magna, lunato-rotunda- ti; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue Cusa Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globular, shining, longitudinally very finely striated, convex at the base, whitish, banded and dotted with light brown; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, rather convex, the last ventricose ; columella short, subvertical, descending, a little dilated at the upper part; aperture large, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, acute. Prerrrer, Wiegman’s Archiv. 1840, p. 250. Helix Lanieriana, D’Orbigny. Helix penicillata, Gould. Hab. Cuba. A very thin subtransparent shell, coloured with bands or pencils of light brown, and sometimes rose-tinted. Species 300. (Fig. 301, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Aupersi. Hel. testd umbilicaté, tenui, orbiculari, aperturam versus subproductd, carneo-olivacea ; spira brevi ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, undigque creber- rimé nitide costulato-striatis ; apertura ovata, margini- bus subreflexis, conniventibus, margine columellari laté dilatato, deinde dente oblongo munito. Aupers’ Hezrx. Shell umbilicated, thin, orbicular, somewhat produced towards the aperture, flesh-tinted olive ; spire short; whorls four, convex, very closely neatly rib-like striated throughout; aperture ovate, with the margins gently reflected and approximating, columellar margin broadly dilated, then furnished with an oblong tooth. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Haiti. Delicately sculptured throughout with neat close-set rib- like striz. 302 @ 304 a BCG a 307 304 Htelex 306.6 ,_Pl. L&S. HELIX. Puate LXI. Species 301. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx sururaris. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, depressi, subdiscoided, tenui, sub lente minutissime granulosd, pilosa, fusco-corned ; spird pland, medio subimmersd, suturad profundd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexissimis, ultimo antice descendente ; apertura perobliqud, subcir- culari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus, deatro recto, superné fornicato, columellari subrecedente, arcuato, basalique breviter reflexis. suTuRAL Hetrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, subdiscoid, thin, minutely granulated beneath the lens, brown-horny ; spire flat, slightly immersed, with the suture deep; whorls four, very convex, the last descending in front; aperture very oblique, nearly circular ; lip simple, with the margins approx- imating, right margin straight, arched above, colu- mellar margin somewhat receding, arched, and, with the basal margin, shortly reflected. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 37. Hab. Honduras. A rounded horny discoid shell with a broad perspective umbilicus. THE Species 302. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix immunpa. Hel. testa umbilicaté, discoided, tenui, corned, epidermide tenui indutd ; spird depressd; suturd profunda ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis ; umbilico profundo, pervio; apertura semilunari; peristomate simplici. THE UNCLEAN Hertx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, thin, horny, covered with a thin epidermis; spire de- pressed; suture deep; whorls five, rounded ; umbilicus deep, open; aperture semilunar ; lip simple. Avams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 36. Hab. Jamaica. The umbilicus is narrower and deeper in this than in the preceding species, and the aperture consequently less circular. Species 303. (Mus, Cuming.) Heix Buanprana. Hel. testa imperforatd, subdepresso- orbiculari, fuscescente-albd, lined fuscd hic illic pro- miscue notald ; spird convexd, apice fusca ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, undique creberrimé elevato-striatis, ultimo subangulato ; apertura lunari, labro simplici ; columella subcallosd, alba. Buianp’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, somewhat depressly orbicular, brownish-white, promiscuously marked here and there with a brown line; spire convex, brown at the apex; whorls five, convex, very closely elevately striated throughout, last whorl slightly angled; aper- ture lunar, lip simple; columella rather callous, white. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 7. p. 107. Hab. Jamaica. The entire surface of this species is sculptured with close-set raised lines. Species 304. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix concotor. Hel. testa umbilicatd, discoided, la- vigatd, substriatd, fulvd, castanco alternatim strigata ; spirad pland; suturé lineari; anfractibus quatuor, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo superné depresso, basi conveviore ; apertura lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus approximatis. Tue untrorm Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, smooth, substriated, fulvous, alternately streaked with chest- nut; spire flat ; suture linear ; whorls four, increasing rapidly, the last depressed at the upper part, convex at the base; aperture Junar-subcircular ; lip simple, acute, with the margins approximating. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 82. f. 2. Hab. Porto Rico. Strongly characterized by its complete discoid Planor- bis-like form. Species 305. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx strematica. Jel. testéd umbilicatd, orbiculari, tenui, luteo-corned, subdiaphand, min utissimée granulata ; spira pland ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convezis, supremis horizontalibus, ultimo sensim descendente, ro- tundato ; apertura lunato-subcirculari ; peristomale simplici, recto, margine dextro vix expansiusculo, colu- mellari parum reflexo. Tue BRANDED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, thin, yellowish-horny, subdiaphanous, minutely granulated ; December, 1851. HELIX.—Puate LXI. spire flat; whorls four to five, convex, the uppermost horizontal, the last descending gradually and rounded; aperture lunar-subcircular ; lip simple, straight, right margin slightly expanded, columellar margin a little reflected. PrEIFFER, Symbole, vol. i. p. 40. Hab. Cuba. The finely granulated surface of this species has a rough- ness which is very peculiar. Species 306. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Adams.) Heiix GRamInicona. Hel. testd umbilicata, subdepresso- globosd, olivaceo-fuscescente, pellucida, zoné albidé ob- scurd, lined intens? fusca cingulatd ; spird convexd ; anfractibus quingue, minute striatis ; apertura lunari ; peristomate tenud reflexo, margine columellari late dila- tato. THE GRASS-INHABITING Heuix. Shell umbilicated, somewhat depressly globose, light olive-brown, trans- parent, encircled with an obscure whitish zone and deep brown line; spire convex; whorls five, minutely striated ; aperture lunar; lip thinly reflected, colu- mellar margin broadly dilated. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 32. | | Hab. Jamaica. An extremely characteristic species, encircled by a dark brown line, which falls in the place of the suture and has an obscure whitish zone beneath it. Species 307. (Mus, Cuming.) Heiix ammonirormis. Hel. testd late umbilicaté, orbi- culato-concavi, depressa, tenui, diaphand, albido-grisea, sublevigatd ; spird subimpressd ; anfractibus quingue, depressis, ultimo perdilatato ; aperturd obliqué lunato- ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conni- ventibus, supero antrorsum curvato. THe RAM’s HORN Heurx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbicularly concave, depressed, thin, diaphanous, whitish-grey, rather smooth ; spire rather impressed ; whorls five, depressed, the last much dilated; aper- ture oblique, lunar-oval ; lip simple, acute, margins approximating, upper margin curved in front. D’Orsreny, Voy. dans l’Amér. mérid. pl. 26. f. 10-13. Hah. Province of Yungas, Bolivia. This species is unknown to me in fine condition. M. D’Orbigny has figured a very characteristic specimen with the living animal. as iS a n aon - a » 44 » : - «ar 7 A _ " 7 _ . a _ a me i - ay 3 aa’ ied ¢* > _ , - al / - - : ‘ ==! 7 a ' - a i _ 7 7 7 [a : 7 7 7 ' ~ iv é - - -— - : _ t a ; ier ht 7 7 > 7 _ — ‘ ae "7 7 o 7 “~ ; “ge = : ! a ; , _ 7 >a uly’ — 7 7 af Helix. FL. LfXN. 3774.6 Species 308. (Mus. Adams.) Hewix Cooxtana. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso-cono- idea, leviter striatuld, levigata, sub epidermide corned alba; spird conoidea, obtusa; anfractibus octo ad novem, convezis, ultimo vir angulato, basi profunde ex- cavato; columella brevi, perobliqua ; apertura de- press, lunari, fauce lamella basali interrupta instructd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Coox’s Heurx. Shell imperforated, depressly conoid, faintly striated, smooth, whitish beneath a horny epidermis; spire conoid, obtuse; whorls eight to nine, convex, the last scarcely angled, deeply exca- vated at the base; columella short, very oblique; aperture depressed, lunar, interior furnished with an interrupted lamella; lip simple, acute. Gwe ry, Syst. Nat. p. 3642. Heliz epistylium, Miller (not of Férussac). £pistylia conica, Swainson. Hab. Jamaica. The species represented in this plate, peculiar in form and texture, are characterized by a curious opake-white lamellar ridge within the aperture. They constitute a well- defined natural group, and have been elevated to the rank of a genus by Swainson, with the name Epistylia. Species 309. (Fig. a, 5, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx torreracta. Hel. testd imperforatd, conoided, sub epidermide tenuissima corned pellucido-alha ; spiré obtusa; anfractibus octo ad novem, convexis, leciter arcuatim striatis, ultimo subangulato, basi excavato ; columella callosd, subcontorta ; apertura lunari, fauce lamella instructa ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tae scorched Hextx. Shell imperforated, conoid, transparent-white beneath a very thin horny epider- mis; spire obtuse; whorls eight to nine, convex, faintly striated in an arched manner, the last slightly angled, excavated at the base; columella callous, rather twisted; aperture lunar, furnished with a lamella in the interior ; lip simple, acute. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 31. Hab. Jamaica. Of a much more elevated conical form than the pre- ceding species, and uniformly smaller. HELIX. Pirate LXII. Species 310. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Foremaniana. Hel. tesld imperforaté, lat2 co- noided, basi subobesd, sub epidermide corned pellucido- alhé ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus octo, converis, arcuatim striatis, ultimo tumidiusculo, viz angulato, basi pro- Jund2 excacato; apertura lunari, fauce lamella hic lic interrupta instructd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Forreman’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, broadly conical, rather stout at the base, transparent white beneath a horny epidermis; spire obtuse; whorls eight, convex, striated in an arched manner, last whorl rather swollen, scarcely angled, deeply excavated at the base ; aperture lunar, furnished in the interior with a lamella which is here and there interrupted; lip simple, acute. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 80. Hab. Jamaica. Closely allied to H. Cookiana, but of a larger and more robust growth. Species 311. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ALLIGANS. Hel. testa imperforata, erecto-conndea, sub epidermide olivaceo-corned pellucido-albd ; spira ad apicem obtus? depressd ; anfractibus novem ad decem, planulatis, ultimo obtus? angulato, subtus latd depresso- excacato; apertura lunari, fauce lamella pared ia- structaé ; peristomate tenui, acuto. Tue treD Hextx. Shell imperforated, erectly conical, transparent white beneath an olive horny epidermis ; spire obtusely depressed ; whorls nine to ten, flat- tened, the last obtusely angled, broadly depressly excavated beneath; aperture lunar, furnished in the interior with a small lamella; lip thin, sharp. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 7. p. 105 Hab. Jamaica. Chiefly distinguished by its erect sugar-loaf form and depressly hollowed base. Species 312. (Mus. Adams.) Heurx connectens. Hel. testd imperforatd, late co- noided, calde depressd, sub cpidermide corned albida . spird obtusd ; anfractibus octo ad waves, plano-comvers, arcuatim striatis, ultimo swbangulato, bai depresw- December, 1851. en a, a> ee SS or HELIX.—Puate LXII. concavo ; apertura lunari, subhorizontali, fauce lamella tenui instructd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE connectTinG Hexix. Shell imperforated, broadly conoid, much depressed, whitish beneath a horny epidermis ; spire obtuse; whorls eight to nine, flatly convex, arcuately striated, last whorl slightly angled, depressly concave at the base; aperture lunar, rather horizontal, furnished with a thin lamella in the in- terior; lip simple, acute. Avams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 7. p. 105. Hab. Jamaica. This species is distinguished from all others of the group by its broad depressed plan of convolution. Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix EpistyLorpes. Hel. testé imperforaté, solidd, globoso-conicd, oblique costulato-striatd, sub epidermide corneo-lutescente alba; spird elatd, semiglobosd ; an- JSractibus novem, convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete an- gulato, reliquis vir latiore, basi impresso ; columellé brevi, perobliqud, basi dilataté; apertura valdé de- pressa, oblique lunari, lamellé intus munitd ; peristo- mate simplici, acuto. THE CHAPITER-LIKE Hexrx. Shell imperforated, solid, globosely conical, obliquely rib-like striated, white beneath a yellowish-horny epidermis; spire raised, semiglobose; whorls nine, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled, scarcely broader than the rest, im- pressed at the base; columella short, very oblique, dilated at the base; aperture very depressed, ob- liquely lunar, furnished within with a lamella; lip simple, acute. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51 B. f. 2. Hab. Jamaica. This species differs from H. alligans only in being erectly convoluted. Species 314. (Mus. Cuming.) HELrIx eEpistyLium. el. testd imperforatd, solida, semi- globoso-conoided, regulariter costulato-striatd, sub epi- dermide fulvescente decidud alba; spira elevata, ob- tusé conicd ; anfractibus septem ad octo, lent2 accres- centibus, convexiusculis, ultimo dilatato, basi subplanu- lato, substriato ; columella brevi, obliqua, basi dilatata ; apertura depressa, lunari, intus lamella valida acuta munitd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THe cuariter Hewix. Shell imperforated, solid, semi- globosely conoid, regularly rib-like striated, white beneath a light fulvous deciduous epidermis; spire raised, obtusely conical; whorls seven to eight, in- creasing slowly, rather convex, the last dilated, rather flattened and finely striated at the base; columella short, oblique, dilated at the base; aperture de- pressed, lunar, furnished within with a strong, sharp lamella; lip simple, acute. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 57. Hab, Jamaica. Rather broader and more inflated at the base than the preceding species, with a lighter-coloured epidermis. 317. Helix, PILE MI. a HELIX. Pirate LXITT. Species 315. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix oscutans. Hel. testd imperforatd, tenui, vitreo- albidd, depresso-orbiculari ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quingue, oblique tenuissime et creberrime costulato-stri- atis, ultimo carinato, basi excavato ; apertura depresso- lunari, fauce lamella tenui opaco-alba munitd. THE INTERMEDIATE Her1x. Shell imperforated, thin, glassy white, depressly orbicular; spire obtuse ; whorls five, obliquely very finely and closely rib-like striated, last whorl keeled, excavated at the base; aperture depressly lunar, furnished in the interior with a thin opake-white lamella. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 7. p. 107. Hab. Jamaica. This little glassy shell belongs to the same type as the group represented in the preceding plate. The whorls are convoluted nearly in a discoid plane, and the internal lamella shows distinctly through the base. Species 316. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx ANTHONIANA. Tel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculari, pellucido-albd ; spird subelevatd, sutura distinctd ; an- Sractibus quinque, rotundatis, oblique tenuissime striatis ; columella brevi, basi dilataté ; apertura depressa, lu- nari; peristomate tenui, acuto. Antuony’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, trans- parent white; spire slightly raised, suture distinct ; whorls five, rounded, obliquely very finely striated ; columella short, dilated at the base; aperture de- pressed, lunar; lip thin, sharp. Apams, Contributions to: Conchology, No. 3. p. 35. Hab. Jamaica. A small glassy species, of a distinct type from the pre- ceeding which has an internal lamella. Species 317. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix simruis. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculari, subdis- coided, pellucido-corned ; spird depressé ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis, oblique striatis ; umbilico profundo ; apertura semilunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tae smmi~ar Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, sub- discoid, transparent horny; spire depressed ; whorls six, rounded, obliquely striated; umbilicus deep ; aperture semilunar ; lip simple, acute. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 34. Hab. Jamaica. A transparent horny subdiscoid shell closely allied to H. arboreoides. Species 318. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LAMELLIFERA. el. testd imperforatd, orbiculari, subglobosd, corned, granulis minutis elevatis sculpla ; spird convexd, suturd distinctd ; anfractihus quinque, convexis ; apertura semilunari, fauce lamella tenuissima instructa ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE LAMELLIFEROUS Hexix. Shell imperforated, or- bicular, subglobose, horny, sculptured with minute raised granules; spire convex, suture distinct; whorls five, convex ; aperture semilunar, furnished in the interior with a very thin lamella; lip simple, acute. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 31. Hab. Jamaica. The granular sculpture which characterizes this species is very unusual in a shell of horny substance. Species 319. (Mus. Adams.) Hetrx arporeorpes. Hel. testa imperforata, depressa, striatuld, tenui, nitidd, hyalina ; spird viz elevatd, ob- tusissimad, suturd marginatd ; anfractibus septem, viz convexiusculis, ultimo antic2 non descendente, basi medio profunde excavato ; apertura subverticali, obliqué lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari per- obliquo, supernd brevissimé reflero. Tue Tree Heurx. Shell imperforated, depressed, finely striated, thin, shining, hyaline ; spire but little raised, very obtuse, suture margined ; whorls seven, slightly convex, the last not descending in front, deeply ex- cavated in the middle at the base ; aperture somewhat vertical, obliquely lunar; lip simple, acute, colu- mellar margin very oblique, very shortly reflected above. Apams, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., 1845. Hab. Jamaica. A light hyaline horny shell, convoluted in a manner nearly discoid. January, 1852. HELIX.—Pate LXIII. Species 320. (Mus. Adams.) HeLix ampicua. Hel. testa viz umbilicata, depresso-orbi- culari, corned ; spird convexd, suturd impressa ; anfrac- tibus sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura lunari; peristomate tenui, acuto. Tue poustruL Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, horny; spire convex, suture im- pressed ; whorls six, convex, the last rounded ; aper- ture lunar; lip thin, acute. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 35. Hab, Jamaica. This species appears to be of firmer growth than the preceding, while it is smaller, and has a more confined umbilicus. Species 321. (Mus. Adams.) Hewrx Houtanpr. Hel. testé umbilicata, subdiscoided, corned ; spird converd, suturd impressd; anfractibus sex, convexis, striatis, ultimo depresso-excavato ; aper- turd lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto. Hotianp’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, subdiscoid, horny; spire convex, suture impressed; whorls six, convex, striated, the last depressly excavated ; aperture lunar; lip simple, sharp. | Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 34. Hab. Jamaica. Chiefly distinguished from the species nearest allied to it by the depressly excavated form of the base of the last whorl. Species 322. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx prua. Hel. testa obtecte perforata, valdé globosa, pellucido-alla, vitred, nitente; spird elatd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus sex ad septem, rotundatis, oblique subtilissime striatis ; columella tenui, dilatato-reflera ; apertura lunari, fauce lamella erecta prominente opaco- alba instructa ; peristomate tenui, acuto. THe BALL HeErx. Shell with a small covered umbilicus, very globose, transparent white, glassy, shiping ; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls six to seven, rounded, obliquely very finely striated; columella thin, dilately reflected; aperture lunar, furnished in the interior with an erect prominent opake-white la- mella; lip thin, sharp. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 31. Hab. Jamaica. An extremely interesting variety of the form represented by the species in the preceding plate,—very globular and of a thin glassy substance. I27. a, 329. a. 330. Helix, PU LXTV. 327.3. F2I9.d. a rv-e HELIX. Prate LXIV. Species 323. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix tTurBinirormis. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, pyra- midali-conicd, oblique rugoso-striatuld ; spird elevata, suturad impressa ; anfractibus septem, convexis, ultimo basi angulato, infra subplanato ; apertura ovali, sub- horizontali, labro simplici, margine columellari reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente. THe tor-sHapep Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, pyramidally conical, obliquely roughly striated ; spire raised, suture impressed; whorls seven in number, convex, last whorl angled at the base, rather flat- tened beneath; aperture oval, nearly horizontal, lip simple, columellar edge reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. PrerrFeER, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 350. Helix pyramidatoides, D’ Orbigny. Helix pyramidalis, Adams. Var. perdepressa. Helix depressa, Adams. Hab. Cuba. A white semitransparent glassy shell, of a true pyra- midal Trochus-like growth, more or less depressed in its manner of convolution. Species 324. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix rraGitis. Hel. testa subprofundé umbilicata, de- presso-globosd, oblique corrugato-costatd, nitide corned ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo ro- tundato ; aperturé ampla, subcirculari, labro tenui, margine columellari subreflexo. THE FRAGILE Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, obliquely ribbed in a wrinkled manner, shining horny; spire obtuse; whorls four, convex, the last rounded; aperture large, nearly circular, lip thin, columellar edge a little reflected. Prerirrer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 350. Hab, Cuba. A dark bright brown pea-shaped shell, obliquely ribbed throughout in a peculiarly wrinkled manner. Species 325. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PERAFFINIS. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressi, | striatuld, hyalind ; spird brevissind, obtusa; anfrac- tibus sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato, basi planiusculo ; umbilico medivcri; apertura subverticali, triangulato- lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine dextro subverticali, columellari brevissimé reflero, basali stric- tiusculo. THE CLOSELY ALLIED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, finely striated, hyaline; spire very short, obtuse ; whorls six, convex, the last rounded, rather flat at the base; umbilicus middling ; aperture nearly vertical, triangularly lunar; lip simple, acute, right margin subvertical, columellar margin very shortly reflected, basal margin rather drawn out. Avams, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., 1845, p. 16. Hab. Jamaica. A species of simple form without any particularly cha- racteristic feature. Species 326. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix prycuopes. Hel. lesté umbilicatd, depressissima, discoided, tenuissimd, arcuato-plicata, sub epidermide tenui, fusca, decidua hyalina ; spird planiuscula ; an- fractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis, ultimo basi viz concexo ; umbilico mediocri; apertura perobliqua, ampla, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE FOLD-LIKE Hetix. Shell umbilicated, very de- pressed, discoid, very thin, arcuately plicated, hyaline beneath a thin brown deciduous epidermis; spire rather flattened ; whorls four to five, flattened, the last but little convex at the base; umbilicus middling ; aperture very oblique, large, angularly lunar; lip simple, acute. PrerrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 137. Hab. Jamaica; Gosse. A thin transparent horny Carocolla form, with the spire perfectly depressed on a broad plane, and plicately wrinkled, Species 327. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Griszoia. Hel. testé umbilicata, depresso-globosa, oblique striatuld, nitidula, grised, cingulis lineisque opaco-albis circumdaté; spird brevi; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, vie converiusculis ; umbilico angustissimo ; January, 1852. HELIX.—Puate LXIV. apertura lunari; peristomate simplici, albo, reflexius- culo, margine columellari subexpanso. Tue GreyisH Hewix. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, obliquely finely striated, shining, greyish, en- circled with opake-white zones and lines ; spire short ; whorls four to five, slightly convex; umbilicus very narrow ; aperture lunar; lip simple, white, a little re- flected, columellar edge slightly expanded. PrerrFER, Symbole, vol. i. p. 41. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico. A pretty white-zoned shell, with very much the form and general aspect of a Helicina. Species 328. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix puspescens. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculari, sub- discoided, tenui, semipellucida, punctis numerosis setosis undique sculpt ; spird planulatd, suturd impressa ; an- fractibus quinque, rotundatis ; umbilico angusto, pro- fundo; apertura semilunari; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue puBEscENT Heix. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, nearly discoid, thin, semitransparent, sculptured throughout with numerous bristly dots; spire flat- tened, suture impressed; whorls five, rounded ; um- bilicus narrow, deep; aperture semilunar ; lip simple, acute. ‘ Preirrer, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. P A light semitransparent straw-coloured shell, covered with small bristly dots. Species 329. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx patuposa. Hel. testéd umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- veriusculd, corneo-fusca, tenui, nitidd, superné oblique rugosa, subtus substriatd ; anfractibus quingue, supra planulatis, basi converis, ultimo subangulato ; umbilico infundibuliformi ; apertura obliqud, lunari; peristo- mate simplici, reflexo, intus sublabiato ; pariete apertu- rali dente parculo munito. Tue mMarsny Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly slightly convex, horny brown, thin, shining, obliquely wrinkled above, finely striated beneath; whorls five, flattened above, convex at the base, last whorl slightly angular; umbilicus funnel-shaped ; aperture oblique, lunar; lip simple, reflected, slightly thickened in- wardly ; wall of the aperture furnished with a small tooth. PrerFFER, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 350. Helix lingulata, Deshayes. Helix Ramonis, D’Orbigny. Hab. Cuba. A horny species of Planorbis-like form, with a small white callous tooth upon the body-whorl. Species 330. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LEUCORAPHE. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, pellucido-corned, suturis peculiariter opaco-albo zonatis ; spird converd ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo rotundato ; apertura lunxari, labro simplici. THE WHITE-suTURED Heurx. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cular, transparent horny, with the sutures peculiarly zoned with opake-white; spire convex; whorls five, the last rounded ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. P Distinguished by a characteristic white zone at the suture. Aletta, ft LXV A ] : £ , 322% 332.4 HELIX. Prate LXV. Species 331. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ticHostoma. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, subdiscoided, albidd, nitente; spird depressd ; anfrac- tibus quingue, striatis, ultimo rotundato, lamella acuta intrante in aperturam instructo ; umbilico amplo, la- lissimo, perspectivo ; apertura subcirculari, labro sim- plici. THE LAMELLATED MouTH HELIX. orbicular, somewhat discoid, whitish, shining; spire depressed ; whorls five, striated, last whorl rounded, furnished with a sharp entering lamella; umbilicus large, very broad, perspective ; aperture nearly circu- lar, lip simple. Prerrrer, MSS-(Mus-Cuming:) > ~ Hab. iy In this little spirally umbilicated species the inner wall of the aperture is furnished with a sharp ridge similar to that which in several other species appears within the outer. Species 332. (Mus. Adams.) Hewix spreta. Hel. testé minuté umbilicatd, tenui, glo- bosi, supra depressd, pallide straminea ; *spird planata ; anfractibus tribus levigatis, ultimo peculiariter tumido ; apertura ampla, sublunari. THE DESPISED HeELrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, thin, globose, depressed at the upper part, light straw- colour ; spire flattened; whorls three, smooth, the last peculiarly swollen ; aperture large, sublunar. Apams, Catalogue, p. 7. Hab. Jamaica. This singular little pea-like species has very much the appearance of an immature shell. Species 333. (Mus. Adams.) He1ix Boorutana. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, conoi- deo-globosd, hyalina, minutissimé striatd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, subpatulo, ad umbilicum subreflexo. Boorn’s Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, conoidly globose, hyaline, very minutely striated ; whorls five, convex ; aperture lunar-oval; lip simple, acute, sub- | | Tue Larricep Hewix. patulate, slightly reflected at the umbilicus. Shell umbilicated, | Preirrer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 351. Hab. Cuba. An extremely delicate white hyaline shell, somewhat globose in general form. Species 334. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Casstqurensis. Hel. testa minut2 umbilicata, conoided, rufo-corned ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, tenuistriatis, ultimo subobsoleté angulato ; aperturd lunari; peristomate simplici, margine colu- mellari reflexo. Tue Cassiqur Hexix. Shell minutely umbilicated, conoid, red-horny; spire rather elevated; whorls five, finely striated, the last somewhat obsoletely angled ; aperture lunar; lip simple, columellar edge reflected. Newcomse, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Cassiqui, Cuba. A little shining red-horny species, very minutely umbi- licated. Species 335. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix aupicans. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, albicante-corned, nitente ; spird plano-con- verd, suturd subimpressd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, subrotundatis ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. Tue wuitish Hewrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, whitish-horny, shining ; spire flatly convex, with the suture rather impressed; whorls five to six, somewhat rounded; aperture lunar, lip simple. 9 Hab. Of a stout horny substance, but transparent and shining. Species 336. (Mus, Cuming.) HELIX CLATHRATULA. Jel. testd lat2 umbilicata, sordide alba, epidermide decidud indutd, supra depressd, spira- liter liratd, interstitiis tenue clathratis, infra rotundala, striata ; anfractibus sex, ullimo angulato ; umbilico amplo, perspectico ; aperturd pared, lunari, superné sinuata. Shell broadly umbilicated, dirty January, 1852. . HELIX.—Puate LXV. white, covered with a deciduous epidermis, depressed and spirally ridged above, interstices finely latticed, rounded and striated beneath; whorls six, the last angled; umbilicus large, perspective ; aperture small, lunar, sinuated at the upper part. Hab. ? Singularly characterized by its strongly-marked latticed sculpture. Species 337. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX vortex. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, convexo- discoided, hyalina ; anfractibus quinque ad sea, convex- iusculis, angustis, obsolete striatis, ultimo subangulato, plerumque deorsum deviato ; apertura lata, lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari reflex- iusculo. Tue vorrex Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, con- vexly discoid, hyaline ; whorls five to six, rather con- vex, narrow, obsoletely striated, last whorl slightly angled, generally deviating downwards; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin somewhat reflected. Pretrrer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, p. 351. Hab. Cuba. A flatly convoluted shell, with a somewhat narrow and deep umbilicus. 353. a, 340. Heliae; Pl. LXVI HELIX. Pirate LXVI. Species 338. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Brevior. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-orbicu- lari, corned, suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, levibus ; umbilico subamplo, perspectivo ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue sHorter Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly or- bicular, horny, sutures impressed; whorls five, rounded, smooth; umbilicus rather large, perspec- tive ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. Apams, Catalogue, p. 7. Hab. Jamaica. A small flat horny species, with the whorls so rounded as to give an impressed suture to the spire; originally named H. depressa by Professor Adams. Species 339. (Mus. Adams.) Herx apex. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, pallidé corned, suturis impressis ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis, oblique creber- rimé subtilissime costulato-striatis ; umbilico subamplo, perspectivo ; apertura subcirculari, labro simplici. Tue APEX Herrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, pale horny, sutures impressed; whorls four to five, rounded, obliquely very finely and closely rib-like striated; umbilicus rather large, perspective ; aperture nearly circular, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 36. Hab. Jamaica. Beautifully sculptured throughout with a number of | very delicate stria, which encircle the whorls like so many fine rings. Species 340. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx sincera. Tel. testd umbilicaté, depressd, tenui, confertim costulatd, cereo-albidé; spird pland; an- Jractibus quatuor, convexiusculis ; umbilico lato, per- spectivo ; apertura subverticali, lunato-circulari ; peri- stomate simplicissimo. Tue TRUE Hetix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, closely finely ribbed, waxen-white; spire flat; whorls four, rather convex; umbilicus broad, perspective; aper- ture nearly vertical, lunar-circular ; lip very simple. Apams, Pro. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., 1845, p. 16. | | | | | | Hab. Jamaica. This little horny species approximates very closely to I. brevior figured above it. Species 341. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Brevis. Hel. test@ umbilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, albidd, nitente ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis, ullimo infra planulato; wmbilico angusto ; apertura lunari. Tue snort Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbi- cular, whitish, shining; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, convex, the last flattened beneath: umbilicus narrow ; aperture lunar. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 35. Hab. Jamaica. Chiefly distinguished by a peculiar flattening of the base, and by its shining surface. Species 342. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx EPIsTYLIuLUM. Hel. testa umbilicata, conoided, alba, tenuissimé striata ; spird convera, tumidiusculd, sutura impressad ; anfractibus sex ad seplem, ultimo subangulato ; umbilico angusto, profundo; aperturd lunari, labro simplici. THE LITTLE caPiTaL Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conoid, white, very finely striated; spire convex, rather swollen, with the suture impressed; whorls six to seven, the last rather angular; umbilicus narrow, deep ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 2. p. 31. Hab. Jamaica. This little species has some resemblance with the group represented in Plate 62, but no direct affinity. The internal lamella, which is the typical characteristic of /. episty- lium and all its congeners, is wanting. Species 343. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ancustisprra. lel. test umbilicata, subdepresso- globosi, pallidé corned, tenuissime striata ; spird con- verd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, subrotundatis, on- gustis, ultimo tumidiusculo ; umbilico subprofundo ; apertura transversd lunari, labro simplici. January, 1852. HELIX.—Prate LXVI. Tug Narrow spire Hexix. Shell umbilicated, some- what depressly globose, pale horny, very finely striated ; spire convex ; whorls five to six, somewhat rounded, narrow, last whorl rather swollen; umbi- licus rather deep; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple. Avams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 36. Hab. Jamaica. Chiefly distinguished from its congeners by the more rapid enlargement of the whorls, which gives the shell a more globose form. Species 344. (Mus. Adams.) Hewrx perpepressa. lel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculari, discoided, albido-corned ; spird peculiariter concavo- depressé ; anfractibus quinque, superné obtuse angu- latis, infra rotundatis ; umbilico latissimo, amplo, per- spectivo ; apertura elliptico-lunari, labro simplici. THE VERY DEPRESSED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cular, discoid, whitish-horny; spire peculiarly con- cavely depressed; whorls five, obtusely angled at the upper part, round beneath; umbilicus very broad and large, perspective; aperture elliptically lunar, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 36. Hab. Jamaica. Well characterized by its broad open umbilicus, and by the spire being pushed in, as it were, into a hollow plane. Helix, Fl. LX VAL. » So7. HELIX. Pirate LXVII. Species 345. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix Gunpiacui. Hel. testd umbilicaté, depresso-tur- binatd, nitidd, fulod ; anfractibus quinque, convexius- culis, lenté accrescentibus, ultimo basi subplanulato, lineis subtilibus sub lente sculpto, circa umbilicum ex- cavato ; apertura depressd, lunari; peristomate sim- plici, recto, acuto. Gunpiacn’s Hetrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, de- pressly turbinated, shining, fulvous; whorls five, rather convex, enlarging slowly, the last rather flat- tened at the base, sculptured, beneath the lens, with fine lines, hollow around the umbilicus; aperture depressed, lunar ; lip simple, straight, sharp. PrEIFFER, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1840, p. 250. Helix pusilla, Pfeiffer (not of Lowe). Hab, Cuba. A very small fulvous-horny species, somewhat de- pressly hollowed around the umbilicus. Species 346. (Mus. Adams.) Hewix prurnura. Hel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, pal- lide corned ; spird vix elevatd, suturis impressis ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, subrotundatis ; umbilico amplo ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. THE DimiNisHED Hetrtx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, pale horny; spire but little raised, sutures im- pressed; whorls four to five, somewhat rounded ; umbilicus large ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Apvams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 36. Hab. Jamaica. An extremely minute discoidal horny species, with a large umbilicus and small aperture. Species 347. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx proscoricona. Hel. testa subumbilicatd, globoso- turbinatd, tenui, subtilissimé striatd, corned; spirdé elevata, obtusd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, convexis, ultimo medio subimpresso; apertura lunari-rotun- data ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari subverticaliter descendente, brevissime reflexo. THE STAKE-INHABITING Hettx. Shell slightly umbili- cated, globosely turbinated, thin, very finely striated, horny; spire raised, obtuse ; whorls three to four, convex, the last slightly impressed in the middle; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip simple, acute, columellar margin descending somewhat vertically, very shortly reflected. Apams, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., 1845, p. 16. Hab. Jamaica. A minute species, convoluted into a more oblong spiral than usual. Species 348. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx ruscuta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subconicd, fus- culd ; spird elecatiusculd, apice subacutd ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; aperturé sublunari ; peristomate tenui, acuto. THE BRowNIsH Hetix. Shell umbilicated, subconical, brownish; spire rather elevated, rather sharp at the apex; whorls four, rounded; aperture sublunar ; lip thin, sharp. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 35. Hab. Jamaica. A conical species, characterized by a somewhat in- flated growth. Species 349. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix minuscuta. Hel. testd umbilicata, depress, tenui, pellucida, nitente, sub lente ruguloso-striata ; spird viz elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo te- reti, reliquis vie latiore ; umbilico lato, pervio ; aper- turd subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue tirrLe Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, transparent, shining, rugosely striated beneath the lens ; spire scarcely raised; whorls four, rather flat, last whorl drawn out, but little broader than the rest; umbilicus broad, open; aperture nearly circu- lar; lip simple, acute. Binney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., vol. iii. p. 435. pl. 22. f. 4. Hab. Vermont, Ohio, North America. A minute discoidal shell, minutely striated throughout in a wrinkled manner. January, 1852. HELIX.—Piare LXVIL. Species 350. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix rnconspicua. Hel. testé umbilicatd, subdiscoided, pallidé corned, tenuissimé striatd ; spird vix elevati, apice obtusd; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, con- vexis, ultimo superné subangulato ; aperturé angustd, lunari, labro simplici. THE INcoNspiIcuous Hetix. Shell umbilicated, sub- discoid, pale horny, very finely striated; spire but little raised, obtuse at the apex ; whorls four to five, convex, the last slightly angled at the upper part; aperture narrow, lunar, lip simple. Avams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 37. Hab. Jamaica. Chiefly distinguished by the angular structure of the upper part of the whorls, which gives a broad flattened appearance to the spire. Species 351. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELIx stmuLans. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, ovata, fulvo- corned, nitente ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus qua- tuor, plano-convexis, lineis obliquis incrementi subti- lissimé sculptis ; aperturd lunari-rotundata, labro sim- plici. THE RESEMBLING Hetix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, ovate, fulvous-horny, shining; spire rather elevated ; whorls four, flatly convex, very finely sculptured with oblique lines of growth; aperture lunar-rounded, lip simple. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 3. p. 35. Hab. Jamaica. Professor Adams seems rightly to have distinguished this species from 7. fusca of Miiller, more especially as there is so little in common between the faunas of Europe and the West Indies. Species 352. (Mus. Adams.) Hetrx saxicota. Hel. testa subprofundé umbilicata, or- biculato-convexd, tenui, nitidd, minutissime striata, corneo-fusca ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexr- iusculis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. THE STONE-INHABITING Hettx. Shell somewhat deeply umbilicated, orbicularly convex, thin, shining, very minutely striated, horny-brown; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing gradually; aperture nearly circular ; lip simple, sharp, with the margins approxi- mating. Prerrrer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1840, p. 251. Hab. Cuba. Resembling the preceding species, except that the whorls are more depressly and widely convoluted, giving a larger umbilicus. 4 s = Helix, Pl. LAVTH. HELIX. Pirate LXVII. Species 353. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix prunum. Hel. testd umbilicaté, subdepresso-glo- bosd, fulvd, nitidd, oblique striata, obsolete granulata ; spira brevi; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo ven- troso, basi inflato, antice parum descendente ; apertura lunato-subcirculari, intus nitidd, rubescente ; peristo- mate breviter expanso, margine columellari superneé dilatato, umbilicum augustum semioccultante. Tue pLtum Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat de- pressly globose, fulvous, shining, obliquely striated, obsoletely granulated ; spire short; whorls six, flat- tish, the last ventricose, inflated at the base, but little descending anteriorly ; aperture lunar-subcir- cular, shining and reddish within; lip slightly ex- panded, columellar margin dilated above, half-cover- ing the umbilicus, which is narrow. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 26. f. 7, 8. Helix argillacea, Gray. Hab. Australia. A semitransparent shell of a dull fawn-colour, distin- guished by a blush of purple-red about the expanded mar- gin of the aperture. Species 354. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Durvyana. Hel. testé imperforatd, subdepresso- conicd, undique minutissimé granuloso-reticulata, oli- vaceo-fulva, zonis duabus castaneis remotis cingulatd ; spird subobtusd ; anfractibus quingue, plano-convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, subtus depresso, medio leviter excavato ; apertura subhorizontali, trigono- ovata ; peristomate reflexo, calloso, castaneo, intense nigricante-castaneo, nitente. Dupvy’s Hetix. Shell imperforated, somewhat depressly conical, very minutely granulately reticulated through- out, olive-fulvous, encircled with two distant chestnut zones ; spire rather obtuse ; whorls five, flatly convex, the last angled at the periphery, depressed beneath, slightly excavated in the middle; aperture rather horizontal, triangularly ovate; lip reflected, callous, very dark shining blackish-chestnut. Prerrrer, Chemnitz, 2nd edit. pl. 124. f. 15, 16. Hab. Bellingen River, Australia (in the brushes); Mac- gillivray. An extremely characteristic species of a depressed coni- | cal form, encircled by two distant chestnut zones upon an olive-fulvous ground, and having a very dark shining chestnut-black lip. Species 355. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX Fatconart. Hel. testd profundé umbilicata, ovata, tenui, vesiculari, pallidé brunned, fasciis interruptis maculisque prope suturam nigris ornata ; spira par- vuld, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ra- pide accrescentibus, ultimo valdé inflato, minutissime granulato, antice declivi, circa umbilicum magnum infundibuliformem subcompresso ; apertura lunato- oblonga, intus subviridescente ; peristomate recto, mar- ginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, columellari valde dilatato, reflexo. Fatconar’s Hetrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, ovate, thin, veiny, pale brown, ornamented with black in- terrupted bands and blotches near the suture ; spire small, rather obtuse; whorls four, convex, rapidly increasing, the last much inflated, very minutely gra- nulated, slanting in front, rather compressed around the umbilicus, which is large and funnel-shaped ; aperture lunar-oblong, slightly iridescent within ; lip straight, margins joined by a very thin callosity, columellar margin much dilated and reflected. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63. Hab. Bellingen River, New Holland (in the brushes) ; Macgillivray. The brown colouring of this fine species is curiously mottled throughout, and the bands are composed of blotches. The blotches next the suture are large and flame-like. Species 356. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Incer. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, solidula, striata, sub epidermide pallide Sulod, alba, fasciis angustts castaneis cingulata ; spird elevala, acutiusculd ; anfractibus septem, converiusculis, ui- timo circa umbilicum mediocrem, percium, subcom- presso ; columella arcuaté ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; peristomate albo, tenui, intus sublabiato, margine dextro viz expanso, basali reflexo, columellari in laminam triangularem dilatato, umbilicum semi- tegente. January, 1852. HELIX.—Puate LXVII. Ixce’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, rather solid, striated, white, beneath a light fulvous epidermis, encircled with narrow chestnut bands ; spire raised, rather sharp; whorls seven, rather con- vex, the last rather compressed round the umbilicus, which is middling and open; columella arched ; aper- ture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip white, thin, slightly thickened inwardly, right margin but little expanded, basal margin reflected, columellar margin dilated into a triangular lamina which half conceals the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 126. Hab, North Australia ; Ince, Macgillivray. Of the two varieties of this species here figured one is of an uniform fulvous-brown, while in the other the brown is in bands and lines. The lip and sutures are white in both. Helix, Pl. LXIX. 35S. a HELIX, Pirate LXIX. Species 357. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Macerurvrayt. Hel. testa imperforata, subpyra- midali-conicd, laevigata, lineis subundatis undique spi- raliter incisd, purpurascente-flavd, punctis cinereis albo-ocellatis irregulariter sparsd; spird acuminata, apice acuto, nigricante-cinereo ; anfractibus sex, plano- convexis, ultimo acute angulato, oblique producto, antice subdescendente, basi convexo-planato ; columella arcua- ta, castaneo-tincté ; apertura subhorizontali, trigono- ovata, fauce purpured, nitente ; peristomate albo, in- Serné expanso, superné introrsum tortili-bisinuato. Maceriiivray’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, somewhat pyramidally conical, smooth, spirally engraved throughout with slightly waved impressed lines, pur- plish-yellow, irregularly sprinkled with white-eyed ash dots; spire acuminated, apex sharp, dark ash; _ whorls six, flatly convex, last whorl sharply angled, obliquely produced and a little descending in front, — convexly flattened at the base; columella arched, | stained with chestnut; aperture nearly horizontal, | triangularly ovate, interior purple, shining ; lip white, | below expanded, above twisted and bisinuated in- | wards. Forbes, Appendix, p. 377, Voy. Rattlesnake, pl. 3. f. 1. Hab. Frankland Island, North Australia (on trunks and | branches of trees) ; Macgillivray. This new and interesting species is chiefly distinguished by the curious crumpling inwards of the upper margin of the aperture. The ocellated marking of the shell is also peculiar. Species 358. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) He1ix GranuLata. Hel. testd imperforatd, globosd, tenuiter granulatd, subaured vel rufescente, fascia fusca cincld ; spird brevi; anfractibus quingue ad sex, pla- niusculis, ultimo imagno, inflato ; apertura ampld, lu- nato-ellipticd ; peristomate parum reflexo, albo, mar- gine columellari emarginato, valde dilatato. THE GRANULATED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globose, finely granulated, somewhat golden or reddish, en- circled with a faint brown band; spire short ; whorls tive to six, rather flat, the last large and inflated ; aperture large, lunar-elliptical; lip but little re- flected, white, columellar margin emarginated, very much dilated. Quoy and Gaimanrp, Voyage de I’ Astrolabe, vol. ii. p- 95. pl. 7. f. 6-9. Hab. Port Dorey, New Guinea. A light inflated shell of a uniform warm golden-red hue, curiously granulated throughout. Species 359. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix preartita. Hel. testé umbilical, globosd, subin- Jlatd, sub lente minutissime granulatd, fulvescente, in- Jern2 sepissime intense castaned ; spird obtusd ; an- Sractibus septem, plano-convexis, ad suturas plus minus plicato-rugulosis, ultimo anticé descendente ; apertura subcirculari; peristomate effuso, reflero, marginibus con- niventibus, columellari umbilicum subamplum profun- dum semitegente. Tue Brpartite Herix. Shell umbilicated, globose, somewhat inflated, minutely granulated beneath the lens, light fulvous, lower part mostly dark chestnut ; spire obtuse ; whorls seven, flatly convex, more or less plicately wrinkled at the sutures, last whorl deseend- ing in front; aperture nearly circular; lip effuse, re- flected, margins approximating, columellar margin half-covering the umbilicus, which is rather large and deep. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 75 4. f. 1. Hab. Percy Island, North Australia; Macgillivray. This fine species, collected by Mr. Macgillivray during the voyage of the Rattlesnake, presents a striking con- trast of colour on that portion of the whorls, which being covered in the order of convolution, only, therefore, shows it on the last whorl. Species 360. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Frasert. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-tur- binatd, solidiusculd, leviter striata, fuled, fasciis cariis nigricante-brunneis ornata ; spird lated conoided ; an- Sractibus sex ad seplem, converiusculis, ultimo antice paululum deflero ; aperturd lunato-ovali, intus nitid? lividd ; peristomate late expanso, reflero, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro arcuato, columellari swperné valde dilatato. January, 1852. HELIX.—Puare LXIX. Fraser’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbi- | nated, rather solid, slightly striated, fulvous, orna- mented with various dark brown bands; spire broadly conoid; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last a little deflected in front ; aperture lunar-oval, shining livid within; lip broadly expanded, reflected, margins joined by a thin eallosity, right margin arched, columellar margin much dilated at the upper part. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 63. Hab, Wide Bay, Clarence River, &c., Australia; Macgil- livray. There is a strong resemblance between this species and H. Pan of the Philippine Islands, but little or no affi- nity, as they present characters illustrative of two different typical provinces of the genus. Among the characters chiefly noticeable in H. Fraseri, is the peculiar livid hue of the enamel which lines the shell and is deposited on the place of the umbilicus. Helix. Pl LXA 365 lescente ; pacer reflezo, marginvius conniventibus. very largely open, perspective : aperture nearly hori- zontal, ovate, bluish within: lip refiecied, margins Hab. Australia. This species is very closely allied to the simcularly — formed H. Cuaninghami. It is of smaller size and of a duller darker colour. Dr. Pfeiffer had named it in manu- script in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet, H. Muklfeldtiana, but that — name is already occupied by Ziegler. Species 362. (Fig. a, 5, Mus. Cuming.) HeErrx rome. Hel. testa umbilicatd, globosd, striis in- crementi rugata, lineisque transversizs obsolet2 sculpta, sub epidermide teaui olivascentz albidd, swpern2 rufes- cente, basi pallidé; sutura trregulariter crenulatd : spira brevi, obtusa; anfractibus quatucr ad quingue, comveriusculiz, ultimo subiti defiero, juria umbilicum angustum percium canaliculato; apertura Inuato-ro- tundatéd ; peristomate alba, margine dextro incrassato, subrefiero, columellari intus latz dentato, extus reflezo, wubilicum semitegente - Tue appte Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, clobose, wrinkled with strie of growth and obsoletely sculptured with transverse lines, whitish beneath a thin olive epi- | dermis, reddish at the upper part, pale at the base; suture irregularly crenulated; spire short, obtuse; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last suddenly deflected, channelled next the umbilicus, which is _ narrow and open; aperture lunar-rounded; lip | white, right margin thickened, a little reflected, colu- _ half-covering the umbilicus. Preirrze, Symbole, vol. ii. p- 37. Heliz sphaeroides, Le Guillon. Hat. Port Essington, New Holland (about roots of trees) - Macgillivray. Of a particularly globose form, with the surface more ot less plicately wrinkled, and with the columellar margin unosaally broadly flatly reflected over the umbilices. Species 363. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Cessrscuami. Hel. testd letissim? eawbilicaté. valde depress, solida, rnguloce-ciriaté, cated prr- cas very largely open, perspective ; apiincejle lip thickened, reflected, margins approximated, jomed by a callosity, right margin arched, basal margin drawn oat, very callous at the place of imsertion. Gear, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1534, p. 64. Griffith, An Kingd pl 36. f. 4. Has. Darling Downs, Australia; Macgilivray. This fine species is mainly distinguished by its remark- | able plan of convolution, and which leaves the umbilices very largely open, so as to form a wide perspective basin Species 364. (Fig. «, 6, Mus Cuming.) | Hinsak PACHEOETEA. Hel. teatd imperforeti, globeel, tummdy- sotaté, sirius ldignis et spirelibus undigue ragulos- decussatd ; spiré obtusd ; exfrectsbas qramgee, covers, January, 1332 HELIX.—Puate LXX. ultimo antice descendente ; columellé peculiariter laté excavato-planatd, albd, margine aculd ; apertura ovatd, alba, subcontracté ; peristomate subreflexo. THe THICK-PILLAR Hexix. Shell imperforated, globose, rather swollen, yellowish, obliquely marked here and | there with brownish streaks, rugulosely decussated throughout with spiral and oblique striz ; spire ob- tuse; whorls five, convex, last whorl descending in front ; columella peculiarly broadly excavately flat- tened, sharp at the edge, white; aperture ovate, white, somewhat contracted ; lip a little reflected. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 71. Hab, Facing Island, Port Curtis; Dunk Island; Cape Upstart, Australia (at roots of bushes) ; Macgillivray. Distinguished by a peculiarly globose form, and a cha- racteristic broad flatness of the columella. Species 365. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix RicumMonpiana. Hel. testa imperforatd, acute pyramidali, latiusculd, laevigata vel oblique subtilissime striata, intense? fusca, apice rufescente ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus sex, planatis, ultimo concavo, ad periphe- riam acute carinato, subtus plano ; apertura horizon- tali, trigono-ovatd, intus livido-carulescente ; peristo- mate incrassato, reflexo, livido-fusco, marginibus callo junctis. Tue RicumMonp Hexrx. Shell imperforated, sharply pyramidal, rather broad at the base, smooth or ob- liquely very finely striated, dark brown, reddish at the apex ; spire obtuse; whorls six, flattened, last whorl concave, sharply keeled at the periphery, flat beneath ; aperture horizontal, triangularly ovate, livid blue within; lip thickened, reflected, livid brown, margins joined by a callosity. Prei1rrer, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Australia. A dark chestnut-brown Trochus-shaped species, remark- able for its broad flattened base. : Helix, Pl. LXAI. GO7. a 367.6 HELIX. Piate LXXI. Species 366. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) HeELix HmMastoma. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-co- noided, minutissimé granoso-punctatd, castaned, infra peripheriam zond laté albd ornatd, apice rosea ; spira conoided, obtusd; suturé mediocri, albo marginatda ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, rapide accrescen- tibus, ultimo basi subcompresso ; apertura perobliquad, oblonga, intus albd ; peristomate late reflexo, purpureo- roseo aut nigro, marginibus callo lato junctis, columel- lari valde dilatato, subexcavato. Tue prnk-MourH Herix. Shell imperforated, globosely conoid, very minutely granosely punctured, chestnut, ornamented with a broad wide zone beneath the peri- phery, apex pink; spire conoid, obtuse ; suture mid- dling, white-edged; whorls four, rather convex, in- creasing rapidly, last whorl rather compressed at the base; aperture very oblique, oblong, white within ; lip broadly reflected, purple-rose or black, joined by a broad callosity, columellar margin much dilated, slightly excavated. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1247. Helix hematragus, Born. Hab. Ceylon. Although this well-known species is named from its pink lip, the lip is as frequently jet-black. The white-lip variety represented at Fig. 366 @, is of much rarer occur- rence. Species 367. (Fig. 2,4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MELANoTRAGUS. el, testé imperforatd, subglo- boso-conoided, tumidd, oblique producté, minutissime granoso-punctaté, fulvescente et rosea, fusco tinctd, nunquam zonatd ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-converis, subrudé convolutis, rapide accrescentibus, lineis incre- menti conspicue notatis; apertura valde obliqud, sub- quadratd, labro refleco, purpureo-nigro aut roseo, mar- ginibus callositate, eodem colore, junctis, columellari latissimé dilatata. THe BLACK-LIP Hexix. Shell imperforated, somewhat globosely conoid, swollen, obliquely produced, very minutely granosely punctured, fulvous or rose, stained with brown, never zoned; whorls four, flatly convex, rather rudely convoluted, rapidly increasing, lines of increase conspicuously marked; aperture very ob- lique, somewhat square, lip reflected, purple-black or rose, margins joined by a callosity of the same colour, columellar margin very broadly dilated. Born, Mus. Vindobonensis, p. 388. Helix hemastoma var., Pfeiffer. Hab. Ceylon. This is constantly distinguished from the preceding species by its larger, lighter, ruder, and more swollen growth, and the style of painting is also distinct, being devoid of light or dark bands. Species 368. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Henix superba. Hel. testa imperforata, subdepresso- conicd, tumidd, oblique productd, minutissimé granoso- punctatd, ustulato-castaneo, pone labrum et circa colu- mellam lacted ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convezris, ultimo peculiariter declivi et obtuse angulato, subtus planato, superficie undique malleato ; apertura valde obliqua, subquadratd, fauce cerulescente, labro reflexo, albo carneolo-marginato, marginibus callo junctis, mar- gine columellari latissimé dilatata et excavata. Tue supers Hetrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat de- pressly conical, swollen, produced obliquely, very minutely granosely punctured, burnt-chestnut, milk- white behind the lip and around the columella ; whorls four, flatly convex, the last peculiarly slant- ing and obtusely angled, flattened beneath, the sur- face indented throughout; aperture very oblique, somewhat square, interior bluish, lip reflected, white, edged with carnelion, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin very broadly dilated and excavated. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Ceylon. This fine species is well distinguished from the foregoing by its hard depressly angular growth and indented surface, and by the peculiar carnelion enamel edging of the lip, of which the under surface is milk-white. February, 1852. oe Si ypres @ HD. 484 ~ : ; : : sve ee) Vcr 4: Ma reetaoane nara , 4 & f - . of 6 iw Sil i; 7 2 ay - fad - : ha mare are > ast) Ae Ga > a ve i r, ate 5 + _ ma LA GA hg fee oh eg es os ER iene og 7 ee Pun wah ats a if | “ : «4 = Ta - we Coie a > ant 7 ¢ yt aie a ve = » 7 “% _ ing - fis > ~ fies in en 7 é Ly i) | . od : J 7 oa cay ‘ er 2 Fi - rf - 4 - % ai ot, os ( aed oe = : 5 Ss 0 ets ahha : il : \% = eet) See (AC 4 uF ey — ye ee +e 8 : A: 1 & A ' oer} ia » (= “P °—@4Pp i 7 - pe it puse*?) e » Sa ow" 7 ie a . Sen ean 7 , : (enw f ae Tk iy ‘ Ciena = ; “a 7 7) - fot a ne io a ; y 4 NAC a , : — = 4 ce ; lin rm > >/- |S » =. * & mon 4 q ia a ae n i ite | a al i = 7 - ee *@ ¥. ae 2. 7 ew | Gl? 7 2 : - - : 7 - 7 ‘aj . wt 7 NM : a ’ ad 7 Ts uA = oe . afoe Id 7 7 [ven SN. is +i bebe im : : - “i ©. ae a oe 7 - - 7 : 7 ee Bs 7 ala £ 7 . _ oa . Ae ape ») ~~ :. } a) Dp . menry.s 2 aie - 7 o , 7 4 7 P A ios 7a ”7 cel : mu i. | ce _ va Boy c 2 >> - ie & 7 7 * : 4 ® 579 Jieeges at, i Fan a — ee eee a) ay hte ac) ba =" AY +t haa buy . ror, © 7 a fran? TAG, fs ans, , ae ie ad iy uh : ea a me lems i = g ~ 2a ~p Ware 7 y BG, Mes! - f= ay : ‘a with 4 i - a iy Vive. : oy a ie ou Os ) of al a, ob aie 7 Mm w % _ - ‘ > o 7 y 7 2 a. t) ies ay a 7 nt 4) : tp a - > oe we ais i© rh a - y i 7 i Seay _ \ Pi eh +i) ) ade wr gt me i i we ' » hae "A ie, ia a _ — . a | o +4 . 7 : ~ —. | o! >: : —" ee 2 Oe =|) yee cal ‘nel oan even : } a drut “" i =, 7 5 oe a , a. Jn 2 Aes ? _ 7 24) Seen? Sa msl J 42 - 7 re | «. 7 a te Wilt 7 Y ‘A a [4 au _ 3) ” va io re L s a « oe | os “436 @ * A oe « o > pte se 7 eT = x a & a 4 eee ore i hs die a ae | « - Senalidaieatal a i atl wONy i le sege & ub. a meet ae @: 40 af bee) 0 Pare : ead ye oe > \Raifiiageth ate saad Juels 7 ‘ ne el 1] oe - 7 iw 7 -_ : : 7 - ae ' * 7 7 7 oF a ae _ = Sam) al - - Helix, PU. LXXM. 369 370. HELIX. Piate LXXII. Species 369. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix rerrorsa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depressa, sinistrali, tenuiculd, subtilissimé striata, striis subcor- rugatis malleato-decussatd, corneo-olivaced ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quinque, plano-convexis, ultimo acute carinato; umbilico angusto, profundo; apertura lunari- ovali ; peristoimate simplici, margine columellari recur- vato. Tue rEVERSED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, sinistral, rather thin, very finely striated, indentedly decussated with fine corrugate stri«, horny-olive; whorls four to five, flatly convex, last whorl sharply keeled; umbilicus narrow, deep ; aper- ture lunar-oval; lip simple, columellar margin re- curved. GouLp, Boston, Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 455. pl. 24. f. 4. Hab. Tavoy, Burmah. A sharply keeled sinistral species of a dull horny-olive colour. Species 370. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Cuenvut. Hel. testé subumbilicata, depressa, tenui- usculd, striis subtilibus et lineis impressis spiralibus mal- leato-subdecussatd, castaneo-fulrd ; spird vix elevatd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ad suturam vie impressam breviter rugoso-striatis, ul- timo angulato, non descendente, fascia peripherica pal- lidé et adjacente castaned, deorsum dilutd, ornato ; aperturé parum obliquda, truncato-ovali, intus opalind ; peristomate recto, simplici, margine columellari subin- crassato, ad umbilicum clausum breviter dilatato-re- Jjlexo. Cuenv’s Herrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, indentedly decussated with fine strie and spiral impressed lines, chestnut-fulvous ; spire scarcely raised, obtuse; whorls four to five, rather flat, shortly rugosely striated at the slightly impressed suture, last whorl angled, not descending, ornamented with a pale band at the periphery, then chestnut, turning pale beneath; aperture but little oblique, truncately oval, opaline within; lip straight, simple, columellar margin rather thickened, shortly dilately reflected over the closed umbilicus. Preirrek, in Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 145. Hab. Ceylon? Of a dark livid fulvous colour, darker immediately below the periphery ; and of a lighter olive around the umbilicus. Species 371. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx cicarricosa. Jel. testd sinistrorsd, umbilicata. depresso-globosd, irregulariter rugosa et cicatricosé, Sulvicante-fuscd, lineis et fasciis rufis varie ornaté anfractibus quinque ad sex, rotundatis, ultimis duobus inflatis, ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, ad umbilicuy mediocrem, pervium, compresso ; apertura lunari; pe- ristomate expanso, subincrassato, marginihus callo tenui Jjunctis, columellari breviter arcuato, lat2 expanso, um- bilicum semitegente. Tue scarrepD Hetrx. Shell sinistral, umbilicated, de- pressly globose, irregularly wrinkled and scarred, ful- vous-brown, variously ornamented with red bands and lines; whorls five to six, rounded, the last two inflated, the last angled, compressed around the open middling umbilicus; aperture lunar; lip expanded, rather thickened, margins joined by a thin callosity, columellar margin shortly arched, broadly expanded, half-covering the umbilicus. Mutter, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluy. vol. ii. p. 12. Helix Senegalensis, Chemnitz. Helix Chinensis, Wight. Hab. China. This well-known species, which is found abundantly in China, is always convoluted sinistrally. Species 372. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Wattonr. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressa, py- riformi, solidd, longitudinaliter et concentricé striata, Suscd, rubicundo-fasciatd, maculis triangularibus fla- vidis epidermidis hydrophane ornatd ; spird minimd, obtusd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, rapidissimé ac- crescentibus, ultimo ventroso, depresso, sulcis nonnullis concentricis signato ; aperturd perobliqua, lunato-ovali, intus nitid2 rosed ; peristomate lat2d expanso, reflexo, nigro, marginibus callo nigro introrsum diffuso junctis, columellari declivi, strictiusculo, superné valde dilatato, excavato. February, 1852. HELIX.—Prarte LXXII. Watton’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, pear- shaped, solid, longitudinally and concentrically stri- ated, brown, red-banded, ornamented with yellowish triangular blotches of hydrophanous epidermis ; spire very small, obtuse; whorls three to four, increasing very rapidly, last whorl ventricose, depressed, marked with concentric grooves; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, shining rose within; lip broadly expanded, reflected, black, margins joined by a black callosity which is diffused inwardly, columellar margin slanting, rather drawn out, very much dilated and excavated above. REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 49; Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 166. f. 23. Hab. Ceylon. This fine species may be readily distinguished by its depressly oblique growth, coppery-rose hue covered with a profusely speckled hydrophanous epidermis, and shining jet-black lip. The egg of this species is about the same size as, and very similar to, that of a sparrow. a few Species 373. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Juntana. Hel. testd viz umbilicatd, depresso-tur- binatd, apice obtusd, ad suturam plicato-striata, fulves- cente aut rosea ; anfractibus quingue, converiusculis, ultimo infra roseo, ad suturam lined castaned cincto, ad peripheriam et circa umbilicum fascié castanea or- nato, basi planiusculo, medio impresso ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, obtuso, margine basali subincrassato. Juuta’s Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, depressly turbinated, obtuse at the apex, plicately striated at the suture, fulvous or rose; whorls five, rather con- vex, the last rose beneath, encircled with a chestnut line at the suture, ornamented at the periphery and around the umbilicus with a chestnut-black band, base rather flat, impressed in the middle; aperture obliquely lunar; lip simple, obtuse, basal margin rather thickened. Nanina Juliana, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 58. Helix rosacea, Sowerby. Helix Dufourii and citrinoides, Grateloup. Hab. Ceylon. For the very richly coloured and beautiful specimen here figured of this species, I am indebted to Sir J. Emer- son Tennent, who collected it at Suffragam, Ceylon. ap Helix, PL LAAT HELIX. Puate LXXIII. Species 374. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Gemina. Hel. testé angusté wmbilicatd, depresso- turbinatd, obsolete angulatd, striis concentricis et obli- quis irregulariter malleato-decussatd, lutescente-albd, rufescente-brunneo late bifasciatd ; anfractibus scx, vie convewiusculis ; aperturé lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, superné inflexo. Tue twin Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly- turbinated, obsoletely angled, irregularly faintly mal- leately decussated with concentric and oblique striae, yellowish-white, broadly two-banded with reddish- brown ; whorls six, slightly convex ; aperture lunar- oval; lip simple, inflected at the upper part. Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. and Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 9. piel te ls Hab. Java? Of the two bands with which this shell is encircled, one is above the periphery, and the other is below it. Species 375. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx pensa. Jel. testd umbilicatd, subdiscoided, densa, obtuse carinatd, superné depressiusculd, oblique plicato- striata, undique eximié malleato-decussatd ; fulvescente, infra carinam fascia laté castaned circumdata ; anfrac- tibus quingue ; apertura transverse lunatd, intus alba ; peristomate simplici, intus subincrassato. Tue THICK Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, subdiscoid, thick, obtusely keeled, rather depressed at the upper part, obliquely plicately striated, delicately indentedly de- cussated throughout; fulvous, encircled with a broad chestnut band beneath the keel; whorls five ; aper- ture transversely lunar, white within; lip simple, slightly thickened inwardly. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 62. pl. 16. f. 8. Hab. Philippine Islands; Belcher. Allied to H. citrina, but of stouter growth, with the surface indentedly decussated. Species 376. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Laprata. Hel. testé perangustd umbilicatd, de- pressd, tenui, striatuld, superne lineis concentricis ob- soleté decussatd, basi levigatd, nitidd, fulvd ; spird planiusculad ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo dilatato, depresso ; apertura latd, lunari; peristomate acuto, plerumque rufescente, intus calloso-labiato, mar- gine supero antrorsum rotundato, basali pland subar- cuato, columellari vix reflexiusculo. Tue LippepD Hexrx. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, depressed, thin, finely striated, obsoletely decussated above with concentric lines, smooth at the base, shining, fulvous; spire rather flat; whorls six, rather convex, the last dilated, depressed ; aperture broad, lunar ; lip sharp, generally stained with red, callously lipped within, upper margin rounded in front, basal flatly subarched, columellar margin but little reflected. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 65. Hab. Landour, Hindoostan; Hutton. The surface of this species is not characterized by the indented net-work of the preceding, but is smooth and shining. Species 377. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrrx Brooker. Hel. testd sinistrali, imperforata, sub- discoided, obesd, carinatd, supra carinam allida, cas- taneo tinctd et strigillata, infra intensd castaned ; an- fractibus quatuor ad quinque, plano-convezis, ultimo basi rotundato, radiatim striato, medio impresso; aper- turd oblique ovata, intus cerulescente ; peristomate in- crassato, marginibus callo junctis. Brooxe’s Herrx. Shell sinistral, imperforated, subdis- coid, stout, keeled, above the keel whitish, stained and streaked with chestnut, below it very dark chestnut ; whorls four to five, flatly convex, the last rounded and radiately striated at the base, im- pressed in the middle ; aperture obliquely ovate, bluish within; lip thickened, margins joined by a callous layer. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 60. pl. 15. f. 4 a, 6. Hab. Mountains of Borneo. This fine species is named in honour of the illustrious British rajah, Sir James Brooke, whose zealous labours to establish a civilized colony in Borneo, and to exterminate piracy from the seas of the eastern Archipelago, deserve the thanks of all oriental merchant-traders, and the honest approval of every right-minded Englishman. February, 1852. HELIX.—Puate LXXIM. Species 878. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Sounryetiana. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, orbiculari-depressd, fulvescente, zond castaned angusté infra carinam, superne confertim costulato-striatd, lineis spiralibus obsolet2 decussatad ; spird obtusd ; an- fractibus sex, vix convexiusculis, ultimo acute angulato, basi glabro, nitido ; aperturé truncato-ovali ; peristo- mate albo, breviter expanso, marginibus conniventibus. Soutryer’s Hextx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, fulvous, with a narrow chestnut zone beneath the keel, closely rib-like striated at the upper part, obsoletely decussated with spiral lines; spire obtuse ; whorls six, rather convex, the last sharply angled, smooth and shining at the base; aperture truncately oval; lip white, shortly expanded, margins approximating. Petit, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1841. p. 99. Hab. Seychelle Islands. Of a silken aspect above, arising from its minute de- cussated sculpture, and shining beneath, with a very small umbilicus. Species 379. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix ScHUMACHERIANA. Hel. testd umbilicata, orbi- culari-depressd, ustulato-olivaced, undique subtiliter corrugato-decussata; spird brevissimd, obtusa; anfrac- tibus quingue ad sex, plano-convexis, ad suturas tenui- marginatis, ultimo acute carinato ; umbilico subangusto, pervio, profundo ; apertura lunari-ovatd, peristomate simplict. ScuumacHer’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, burnt-olive, finely corrugately decussated throughout; spire very short, obtuse; whorls five to six, flatly convex, finely margined at the sutures, last whorl sharply keeled ; umbilicus rather narrow, open, deep ; aperture lunar-oyal, lip simple. Prerrrer, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Borneo. A new species of the Nanina form lately received from Borneo. Species 380. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Bussyr. Hel. testd late umbilicatad, depressd, sub- discoided, opaco-albd, epidermide crassa, glabra, nitidd, saturate viridi, peristoma superante, indutd; spira plana, subrugosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo glabro, antice deflexo et depresso ; umbilico lato, perspectivo ; apertura oblique lunato- ovali, intus cerulescente ; peristomate simplici, undique inflexo. Bussy’s Herrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, subdiscoid, opake-white, covered with a thick, smooth, shining, dark green epidermis, which curls over the lip; spire flat, subrugose ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last smooth, deflected and depressed in front ; umbilicus broad, perspective; aperture ob- liquely lunar-oval, bluish within; lip simple, turned inwards. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p. 317. Hab. New Zealand ; Dieffenbach. This species may be readily distinguished by its very peculiar thick horny epidermis curling over the margin of the aperture. Helix , Flt. LXELV. 387. 383. 34. 38S. 387. HELIX. Pirate LXXIV. Species 381. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx nopiuis. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, orbicu- lari, striis undique minuté malleato-decussatd, ustulato- fulvd, subtus albidd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, con- vexis, ultimo rotundato, fascia intense castaned ad peri- pheriam cingulato ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristo- mate simplici. Tue NoBLE Hewrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbi- cular, minutely indentedly decussated throughout with striae, burnt-fulvous, whitish beneath; whorls six to seven, convex, the last rounded, encircled at the periphery with a very dark chestnut band; aper- ture obliquely lunar; lip simple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 127. Hab, Borneo and the Philippine Islands. Distinguished from the two species figured beneath it in the accompanying plate, by the more rounded form of the whorls and of the shell. Species 382. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Luavana. lari, depressiusculd, lineis incrementi irregulariter ru- gulosd, brunneo-olivaced ; anfractibus sex, converis, ul- timo rotundato, supra medium fascid angustd nigricante cincto, anticé via descendente, circa umbilicum infundi- buliformem subcompresso ; aperturé latd, rotundato- lunari; peristomate intus subincrassato, marginibus conniventibus, supero arcuato, expanso, basali breviter reflexo, columellari via dilatato. Tue Loo-Croo Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, nearly orbicular, rather depressed, irregularly wrinkled with lines of growth, brown-olive; whorls six, convex, the last rounded, encircled above the middle with a Fel. testé laté umbilicatd, suborbicu- narrow blackish band, slightly descending in front, rather compressed and funnel-shaped around the umbilicus; aperture broad, rotundately lunar ; lip slightly thickened within, margins approximating, upper margin arched, expanded, basal margin shortly reflected, columellar margin but little dilated. Sowerby, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 140. pl. 35. f. 4. Hab. Loo-Choo Islands. Characterized by a rather depressed spire and by an open perspective umbilicus. Species 383. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx mercatorta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, turbinato- depressi, costulato-striatd, olivaceo-brunned, zona unica nigricante, utrinque pallidé marginatd, circumdata ; spira elevatd, oblusiusculd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, basi inflato ; umbilico angustissimo, vix pervio; apertura lunari ; peristomate incrassato, breviter reflexo. THE MERCHANT Hexix. Shell umbilicated, turbinately depressed, rib-like striated, olive-brown, encircled with a single blackish band pale-edged on either side; spire raised, rather obtuse ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled, inflated at the base; umbilicus very narrow, but little open; aperture lunar ; lip thickened, shortly reflected. Gray, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 154. Hab. China. Closely allied to the preceding, but less depressed and with a narrower umbilicus. The striae of growth obtain almost the character of fine ribs. Species 384. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix opriguata. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, sub- orbiculari, depressd, striis undique minute malleato- decussatd, fulvescente, subtus albidd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato, prominente, fascia castaned, superne pallidd marginatd, cingulato ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici. THE OBLIQUELY-TURNED Hetx. Shell narrowly um- bilicated, nearly orbicular, depressed, minutely in- dentedly decussated throughout with stri, fulvous, whitish beneath; whorls five to six, convex, the last rounded, prominent, encircled by a chestnut band pale-edged along the upper side; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip simple. | Hab. Borneo. This species is certainly distinguished from those figured above and below it in the accompanying plate, by a smaller and more depressed spire and by the more swollen and prominent growth of the last whorl, which imparts an obliquely lunar form to the aperture. February, 1852. HELIX.—Prare LXXIV. Species 385. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Germanus. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-sub- globosd, striis incrementi subconspicuis, fusco-aurantid, fasciis duabus nigricantibus cingulatd; anfractibus guingue, rotundatis; umbilico pervio, perspectivo ; apertura subcirculari; peristomate reflexo, violaceo, marginibus fere junctis. Tue atirep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly sub- globose, with the striae of growth rather conspi- cuous, brownish-orange, encircled with two blackish bands; whorls five, rounded; umbilicus open, per- spective; aperture nearly circular ; lip reflected, vio- let, with the margins almost joined. Helix orientalis, Adams and Reeve (not of Gray), Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 61. pl. 16. f. 4. Hah. Borneo. The aperture of this species obtains a more circular form than is usual in this group, the margins almost meeting on the body-whorl. Species 386. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx SowerByana. Hel. testd subumbilicatd, depress, solidiusculd, striis concentricis confertis et striis in- crementi prominentibus decussatd, olivaceo-castanea ; spird depressa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, pla- niusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo depresso, anticé dilatato, basi circa umbilicum profundé excavato ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali, intus lacted ; peri- stomate incrassato, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, supero antrorsum arcuato, columellari reflewiusculo. Sowersy’s Herrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, depressed, rather solid, decussated with close-set concentric strie and prominent strie of growth, olive-chestnut ; spire depressed; whorls four to five, rather flat, in- creasing rapidly, the last rather depressed, dilated in front, deeply excavated around the umbilicus; aper- ture very oblique, lunar-oval, milk-white within ; lip thickened, margins joined by a very thin callosity, upper margin arched forwards, columellar margin somewhat reflected. PFEIFFER, Symbole, vol. i. p. 36. Helix pachystoma, Hombron and Jacquinot. Hab, Carolina Islands. Characterized by a peculiar depression of the under part of the shell, hollowed around the umbilicus, with a thickened inflected lip. In general aspect the shell re- minds one of the marine Trochiscus Norrisii. Species 387. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexvrx Humpnureysiana. Hel. testd subangusté umbili- cata, orbiculato-conoided, subtus convexa, malleato- decussatd et striata, luteo-fulvd, ad peripheriam cas- taneo-fasciatd ; spird elatd, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ultimo circa umbilicum compresso ; apertura obliqua, lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine columellari vir reflexo. Humenrers’ Herrx. Shell rather narrowly umbili- cated, orbicularly conoid, convex beneath, inden- tedly decussated and striated, yellowish-fulvous, en- circled with a chestnut band at the periphery; spire raised, rather sharp; whorls six to seven, rather con- vex, the last compressed around the umbilicus ; aper- ture oblique, lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin but little reflected. Lea, Trans. American Phil. Soc. vol. vii. p. 463. pl. 12. f. 16. Hab. Mount Ophir, Malacca. The spire is more elevated in this species than in the two nearest allied represented above, and the last whorl fuller and rounded. Helix, PLLXAXV. 38. SIO. SI/. SIS - HELIX. Piate LXXV. Species 388. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Basapera. Hel. testd umbilicatd, sinistrali, sub- globost, tenui, tumidiusculd, conspicue creberrimé plica- to-corrugatd, rugis subtus ecanidis, fulvd, apicem ver- sus rufescente, subtus allidd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, plano-convexis, ultimo medio angulato, sub- carinato ; umbilico angusto, profundo; apertura sub- circulari; peristomate simplici, margine columellari circa umbilicum valde dilatato. Tue Basapere Hewix. Shell umbilicated, sinistral, sub- globose, thin, rather swollen, conspicuously very closely plicately wrinkled, wrinkles fading away on the under part of the shell, fulvous, light red towards the apex, whitish underneath; whorls four to five, flatly convex, last whorl angled in the middle, slightly keeled; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture nearly cir- cular; lip simple, columellar margin much dilated around the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Bengal. A delicate slightly swollen reversed shell, thickly wrinkled throughout the upper surface, of a light fulvous colour, tinged with red towards the apex. Species 389. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Hrmarayana. Hel. testd anguste umbilicaté, si- nistrorsi, depressd, tenui, pellucidd, superne costulato- striata, fulco-olivacea ; spird parum elevatd ; anfracti- bus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo subcarina- to, carina fusco-fasciata, basi tumido ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine colu- mellari circa umbilicum late dilatata. Tae Hrwaraya Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, sinistral, depressed, thin, pellucid, finely rib-like striated, fulyous-olive ; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, last whorl slightly keeled, keel brown-banded, base swollen; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin broadly dilated around the umbilicus. Lea, Observations, vol. i. p. 167. pl. 19. f. 66. Heliz Himalayana, Benson. Hab. Himalaya mountains. Of the same typical form and sculpture as the preceding species, from which it mainly differs in being much less prominently wrinkled, of a uniform fulvous-olive colour, encircled at the periphery with a narrow chestnut band. Species 390. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix viteuina. Hel. testd angust2 umbilicatd, subglo- bosd, striis subtilibus spiralibus et obliquis supra peri- pheriam cancellatim decussald, vitellind ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractius quinque, rotundatis ; apertura sub- circulari ; peristomate simplici, marginilus conniventi- bus, columellari incrassato, reflexo. Tue york Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, subglo- bose, cancellately decussated above the periphery with fine spiral and oblique striae, yolk-coloured ; spire short, obtuse; whorls five, rounded; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, margins approximating, columellar margin thickened and reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 109. Hah. ——? A subglobose shell, very finely cancellated throughout, and tinged with a delicate egg-yolk colour. Probably a variety of H. Tranquebarica. Species 391. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx semrevcata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globosd, tenu- iusculd, pallid? fulvescente, striis incrementi lineisque impressis concentricis superné usque ad peripheriam an- fractis ultimi subdecussatd ; anfractibus quingue, com- veriusculis, ultimo magno, inflato; apertura lunato- subovali ; peristomate simplici, obtuso, margine colu- mellari dilatato, umbilicum fere tegente. Tue war-weinktep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, glo- bose, rather thin, light fulvous, subdecussated as far as the periphery of the last whorl with impressed lines and strie of growth; whorls five, rather convex, the last large, inflated; aperture lunar-suboval ; lip simple, obtuse, columellar margin dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. Galarias semirugata, Beck, Index, p. 42. Heliz globulus, Chemnitz (not of Miiller). Has. Carnatic, Hindoostan. Very closely allied to the preceding species, from which it differs chiefly in being of a more swollen globular form and of lighter growth. February, 1852. HELIX.—Puate LXXV. Species 392. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx Maperaspatana. Hel. testd angustissimé umbili- catd, depresso-globosd, striato-rugosd, pallide rufa, albo cincté et lentiginosd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, vix converiusculis, ultimo subinflato; apertura obliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, ad umbilicum sub- incrassato, reflexo. Tue MaperaspataN Hexrx. Shell very narrowly um- bilicated, depressly globose, striately wrinkled, pale red, banded and freckled with white; whorls five to six, slightly convex, the last a little inflated; aper- ture oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, rather thickened and reflected at the umbilicus. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 67. Helix Pondicherriensis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Maderaspatan, Neilgherries, India. Characterized by a pale rust-red tinge of colouring, sprinkled irregularly with white freckles, and encircled by a narrow white band at the periphery. Species 393. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Savutim. Hel. testd umbilicaté, globoso-depressd, solidiusculd, oblique striata, fulvidd, medio fascia an- gusta unica, suturis rufo-marginatis ornatd ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, via conveaiusculis, ultimo basi subplanato, anticé subitd deflexo, circa umbilicum angustum pervium rufo ; aperturad perobliqud, lunato- ovali ; peristomate breviter reflexo, incrassato, pur- pureo-castaneo, marginibus conniventibus, callo tenui junctis, columellari purpureo-castaneo, valde dilatato, umbilicum fere occultante. Savui’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, rather solid, obliquely striated, fulvous, with a single narrow band round the middle, sutures red-edged ; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, slightly convex, last whorl rather flat at the base, suddenly deflected in front, reddish around the umbilicus which is nar- row and open; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip thickened, shortly reflected, purple-chestnut, mar- gins approximating, joined by a thin callosity, colu- mellar margin purple-chestnut, much dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. PrerrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 72. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, but not yet known in suffi- ciently good condition, to describe the colouring accurately. Species 394. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Tranquesarica. Hel. testé anguste umbilicata, globosd, crassd, distincté striata, lineis obsoletis superné decussata, albidi; spird parum elevatd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé descen- dente ; aperturd lunato-ovali; peristomate subincras- sato, marginibus convergentibus, columellari calloso, reflexo. Tae TranqueBar Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globose, thick, distinctly striated, decussated round the upper part with obsolete lines, whitish; spire but little raised; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last descending in front; aperture lunar-oval; lip rather thickened, margins approximating, columellar margin callous, reflected. Fasrictius, Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 41. Galavias Tranquebarica, Beck. Hab. Tranquebar. Tt is extremely doubtful whether this and H. vitellina are not different states of the same species. Helio, EL. LALVI BGI af HELIX. Piare LXXVI. Species 395. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx rieurata. Hel. testd anguste umbilicata, depresso- globosd, superné longitudinaliter striatd, minute decus- sata, sublus glabré, alba, fascia unica, latiusculd, luted, supra peripheriam cingulald ; anfractibus quin- que, planulis, ultimo basi convexo; apertura irreyu- lariter lunato-ellipticd ; peristomate simplici, margine dextro recto, columellari reflexiusculo, cum basali an- gulum obsoletum formante. Tue tiep Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, longitudinally striated at the upper part, minutely decussated, smooth beneath, white, en- circled by a single rather broad yellowish band above the periphery; whorls five, rather flattened, last whorl convex at the base ; aperture irregularly lunar-elliptical; lip simple, right margin straight, columellar margin somewhat reflected, forming an obsolete angle with the basal margin. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 31. f. 2. Hab. Bengal. The broad yellowish band, which is a characteristic feature of this species, rests, so to speak, upon the suture, and is darker in colour as it approaches the apex. Species 396. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Javanica. Hel. testé umbilicaté, orbiculato-con- veri, superné confertim costulato-striatd, basi suble- vigatd, lutescente-corned, fasciis angustis rufis zonatd, duabus ad peripheriam approximatis, tertid ad suturam; spird brevi; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo subca- rinato, carind anticé evanescente ; area umbilicali rufa ; apertura subangulato-lunari; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari ad umbilicum pervium breviter di- latato, refleriusculo. Tue Java Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, | closely rib-like striated at the upper part, rather | smooth at the base, yellowish-horny, zoned with three narrow red bands, two near the periphery and the third at the suture; spire short; whorls six, rather flat, the last slightly keeled, keel vanishing in front ; umbilical area red ; aperture rather angularly lunar ; lip simple, straight, columellar margin shortly dilated and somewhat reflected at the umbilicus, which is open. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p. 45. Helix Javanensis, Férussac. Hab. Sava. Of the two central bands which characterize this species, one is immediately above the keel and one below it. The area of the umbilicus is particularly dark-coloured. Species 397. (Mus. Cuming.) HEiix Lzvives. Hel. testé umbilicatd, sinistrali, subor- biculatd, depressiusculd, tenuiusculd, subcarinaté, striis incrementi distinctis lineisque spiralibus nonnullis sub lente decussata, alhidd, fasciis tribus rufo-fuscis cin- gulatéd; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, subplanulatis ; apertura parvula, subobliqud, lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine columellari reflexiusculo. THE LEFT-HANDED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, sinistral nearly orbicular, somewhat depressed, rather thin, slightly keeled, decussated beneath the lens with dis- tinct strie of growth and a few spiral lines, whitish, encircled with three red-brown bands; whorls four to five, rather flattish; aperture somewhat small, rather oblique, lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin a little reflected. Mutter, Hist. verm. terr. et fluv. vol. ii. p. 22. Heliz trifasciata, Chemnitz. Helix spadicea, Gmelin. Hab. Malabar. Tranquebar. The two central bands of this species, which is always reversed, are broader and wider apart than in the pre- ceding. Species 398. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ravipa. Hel. testé umbilicaté, globosd, tenui, corned, pellucida, striis longitudinalibus et transversis obsolet2 decussata; spird breviler conoided, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex, concexiusculis, ultimo centroso ; aper- turd lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, mar- gine columellari arcuato, dilatato, fornicato-reflero, umbilicum semioccultante. THe Tawny Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globose, thin, horny, transparent, obsoletely decussated with longi- tudinal and transverse stri; spire shortly conoid, rather sharp ; whorls from five to six, rather convex, February, 1852. : HELIX.—Puare LXXVI. the last ventricose ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip sim- ple, acute, columellar margin arched, dilated, reflected in a vaulted manner, half-covering the umbilicus. Benson, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. 1842, p- 486. Hab. Chusan, China. A light inflated shell, distinguished by a tawny silken aspect, arising from the decussated strie. Species 399. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix rnguinaTa. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, depresso- conoided, tenui, nitiduld, minute granuiatd, pellucido- rosed, opaco-albo lentiginosd, apicem versus immaculata ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo rotun- dato, obsolete carinato ; aperturé elliptico-lunari, labro simplici, acuto. Tue starneD Herrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly conoid, thin, shining, minutely granuled, transparent rose, freckled with opake white, unspotted towards the apex; whorls five to six, rather flat, last whorl rounded, obsoletely keeled ; aperture elliptically lunar, lip simple, acute. Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 10. pl. 1. f. 4. Hab. Sava. A depressly conoid form of a delicate transparent rose substance freckled with opake white. Species 400. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx zonutata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, tenui, lineis minutissimis decussantibus scabrius- culd, nitiduld, fulvescente-carned, ad peripheriam fascia diluta albidd, superné zonulé unica ruféi angusté mar- ginatd, circumdatd; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo ventroso; columelld tenui, rubicundd, callosd ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, re- flexo, margine columellari dilatato, umbilici locum prorsus tegente, cum basali angulum subdenticulatum Sormante. Tue zonep Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, thin, rather roughened with very minute de- cussating lines, shining, fulvous flesh-colour, encircled with a dilute white band, margined above with a nar- row red zone; whorls five, rather convex, the last ventricose; columella thin, ruddy, callous; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, reflected, columellar margin dilated, covering the place of the umbilicus, and forming a slightly denticulated angle with the basal margin. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 67. Helix Listeri, Férussac. Helix lemniscata, Lesson. Hab, New Guinea. Very closely allied to H. intorta of the Philippine Islands. Species 401. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MANDARINA. Hel. testd imperforata, turbinato- globosd, solida, striata, castaned; spird elatd, conoided, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis, ultimo pallidé cingulato, interdum medio subangulato ; suturad profundd ; apertura late rotundato-lunari ; peristomate subincrassato, margine supero viz expanso, basali et columellari dilatato, arcuato, corneo. THE MANDARIN Herrx. Shell imperforated, turbinately globose, solid, striated, chestnut ; spire raised, conoid, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, convex, the last palely banded, sometimes slightly angled round the middle; suture deep; aperture broadly rotun- dately lunar; lip rather thickened, upper margin slightly expanded, basal and columellar margins dilated, arched, flesh-coloured. Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 143. pl. 38. f. 3. Hab. Loo-Choo Islands. It is a characteristic feature in this, being a dark chest- nut shell, that the lip and apex are of a delicate flesh tint. Helix , Pl. LXXVI. 403 406 407. HELIX. PiaTE LXXVII. Species 402. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix antigua. Hel. testd vix umbilicutd, globoso-acu- minatd, levigatd, alld; spird elatd; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, convexis, oblique tenuistriatis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblique orbiculari; peristomate lato, effuso-reflexo, marginibus conniventibus, columel- lari dilatato, late appresso, umbilicum occultante. THE ANTIQUE Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, glo- bosely acuminated, smooth, white; spire raised ; whorls four to five, convex, obliquely finely striated, the last rounded; aperture obliquely orbicular ; lip broad, effused, reflected, with the margins approxi- mated, columellar margin dilated, broadly appressed, concealing the umbilicus. Apams and Rrrve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 61. pl. 16. f. 1. Hab. Unsang, Borneo. An elegantly convoluted uncoloured species, found by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher at the above-named locality among loose stones. Species 403. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Knysnaensts. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globosi, so- lidiusculd, costulato-striatd, sericind, corneo-olivacea ; spird brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, converius- culis, ultimo inflato, basi nitidissimo ; umbilico an- gusto, pervio ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari dilatato. Tue Knysna Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globose, rather solid, rib-like striated, silken, horny-olive; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, rather convex, the last inflated, very shining at the base ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, colu- mellar margin dilated. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 131. Hab. Knysna, Cape of Good Hope. The rib-like striz of this species are developed with remarkable neatness and regularity near the apex. Species 404. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CONNIVENS. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-orbi- culart, oblique creberrime tenuistriatd, corneo-strami- net, fascia rufo-fuscescente ad peripheriam cingulatd, spire suturis impressis ; anfractilus sex, plano-con- veris, ultimo obsolet2 carinato; umbilico subperspec- tivo ; aperturd circulari ; peristomate intus incrassato, parum reflexo, marginihus conniventibus. THE CONNIVING Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, obliquely very closely finely striated, horny- straw colour, encircled round the periphery with a light red-brown band, sutures of the spire impressed ; whorls six, flatly convex, the last obsoletely keeled ; umbilicus subperspective; aperture circular; lip thickened inwardly, but little reflected, margins ap- proximating. PrerFFeER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 130. Hah. Voo-Choo Islands. The sutures of the spire are sufficiently impressed to show the peripheric band throughout. Species 405. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Novretr. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, conico-de- pressd, purpureo-castaned, lucida, longitudinaliter et oblique striatd, striis obliqnis subplicatis, subtus de- pressd, nitidiore; anfractibus quingue ad sex, de- presso-convexis ; spird exsertiusculd, obtusd ; aperturd obliqua, labio acuto, margine columellari subincrassato, carneo, umbilicum minimum occultante aut suboccul- tante. Novter’s Hewrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, conically depressed, purple-chestnut, lucid, longitudinally and obliquely striated, oblique strie subplicate, depressed and more shining beneath; whorls five to six, de- pressly convex; spire but little exserted, obtuse ; aperture oblique, lip sharp, columellar margin some- what thickened, flesh-coloured, concealing or nearly concealing the very small umbilicus. Lx Gurtton, Revue zool. Soc. Cuv. 1542, p. 137. Hai. Feejee Islands. A dark purple-chestnut shell, covered towards the base with a peculiar livid greenish porcellanous coating. Fig. 406. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection, whereit has the names H. Koreana, Pfr. and H. Herr- manseni attached to it, proves to be a variety of H. conmi- vens, represented at Fig. 404. February, 1852. Species 407. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx tevcostoma. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, suboblique productd, subconspicué striata, pallid2 stramined, aurantio-castaneo latifasciatd, juxta suturas peculiariter lacted; spird obtusd; anfracti- tibus quingue, planulatis, ultimo anticé descendente ; umbilico subamplo, pervio ; aperturd transverse lunari; peristomate late reflexo, albo, marginibus conniventibus, basali obscuré dentato. Tue waire-mMouTH Hextx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, rather obliquely produced, somewhat con- spicuously striated, pale straw-colour, broadly banded with orange-chestnut, peculiarly milk-white next the sutures ; spire obtuse; whorls five, flattened, the last descending in front; umbilicus rather large, open ; aperture transversely lunar; lip reflected, white, mar- gins approximating, basal margin obscurely toothed. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 16. pl. 16. f. 3. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Belcher. Intermediate in its characters between //. zonalis and sepulchralis. Peculiarly milk-white next the sutures. HELIX.—Pratre LXXVIL. Species 408. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx sprrauis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-orbi- culari, pallid stramined, nitente, striis radiantibus crebris, interdum obsoletis, sculpta ; spird obtusa ; an- fractibus quinque, depresso-convexiusculis, superne in- fimo medio fascia castaned ornato ; umbilico angustis- simo, profundo ; apertura semiovata, labro acuto, ad umbilicum via reflexo. Tue sprrat Heurx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbi- cular, pale straw-colour, shining, sculptured with close-set radiating striz, which are sometimes ob- solete; spire obtuse; whorls five, depressly con- vex, the lowest encircled round the middle with a chestnut band; umbilicus very narrow, deep; aper- ture semi-ovate, lip acute, scarcely reflected at the wnbilicus. Le Guiiton, Revue zool. Soc. Cuv. 1845, p. 188. Hab. Arrow Island. This species approximates also to ZH. connivens, but may be readily distinguished by its less thickened lip and smaller umbilicus. Helix, Pl LXEVIM. 7 a HELIX. Prate LXXVIII. Species 409. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx orrentaris. el. testd minute umbilicatd, orbi- culari, utrinque convexd, supra spadiced, creberrime striata, infra corned, laevigata, politd, vix pellucida ; anfractibus septem, convexis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; aperturd transverse lunari, labro simplici, introrsum subincrassato. Tue orrentaL Hexix. Shell minutely umbilicated, or- bicular, convex on both sides, fawn-colour and very closely striated above, horny, smooth, and polished beneath, scarcely transparent; whorls seven, convex, the last obtusely keeled ; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple, rather thickened inwardly. Gray, Annals of Philosophy, 1825, vol. ix. p. 412. Hab. East Indies ? There is a characteristic contrast of colour in this species, the upper surface being of a bright reddish-fawn tint, densely striated, and the lower of a subtransparent polished olive. Species 410. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Borvint. Hel. testd imperforatd, subtrochiformi, oblique minutissime striata, nitidd, albida, fasciis nigro- fuscis varie cinctad ; spird conicd, acutiusculd ; anfrac- tibus quinque, converiusculis, ultimo anticé descendente, basi subplanato, dilute rufescente ; aperturd perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; columelldé perobliqua, lata, stricta, alba, supra depresso-planulatd ; peristomate subincrassato, brevissime reflexo, albo, aurantio-marginato. Borvin’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat Trochus- shaped, obliquely very minutely striated, shining, whitish, variously encircled with black-brown bands ; spire conical, rather sharp; whorls five, rather convex, last whorl descending in front, rather flattened at the base, tinged with red; aperture very oblique, lunar- oval ; columella very oblique, broad, drawn out, white, depressly flattened above; lip rather thickened, very shortly reflected, white, edged with orange. Petit, Revue zool. Soc. Cuv. 1841, p. 184. Hab. Solomon’s Islands. An exquisitely painted porcelain-like shell, very distinct from any other species. Fig. 411. (Mus. Cuming.) For description of this species, Helix bistrialis, see Pl. LXXXVI._ The shell here figured has but one coloured stria, and is Pfeiffer’s var. 8. Subsequently he described it as a distinct species with the name H. Ceylanica. Species 412. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Henix virtata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, striata, albidd, fusco et luteo varie fasciatd ; spird brevi, apice sepe nigricante ; anfractibus quingue, pla- nulatis, ultimo basi convexo, antice descendente ; aper- turaé lunato-ovali, intus cum fauce fusco-nigricante ; peristomate labiato, expanso, marginibus conniventilus callo junctis, columellari dilatato, umbilicum semite- gente. THE FILLETED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, striated, whitish, variously banded with brown and yellow; spire short, often blackish at the apex ; whorls five, flattened, the last convex at the base, descending in front; aperture lunar-oval, brown- black; lip thickened, expanded, margins approxi- mating, joined by a callosity, columellar margin di- lated, half-covering the umbilicus. Mutter, Hist. verm. terr. et fluv. vol. ii. p. 76. Helix Spinola, Villa. Helix zonula, Wood. Hab, Ceylon, Malabar, &c. Whatever may be the absence or variety of painting on the outer surface of this species, the inner is always characterized by a very rich dark chocolate-brown co- louring. Species 413. (Mus. Cuming.) Heitx Rivoun. Hel. testd latissimé umbilicata, oblongo- discoided, peculiariter compressa, superné plano-con- cava, costato-striata, rufo-olivaced, sublus levigala, ni- tidd ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis, ultimo paululum descendente ; umbilico peramplo, perspectivo ; apertura perobliqua, subquadrato, subtubaform ; peristomate incrassato, reflexo, marginibus callo albido, lamellam validam intrantem emittente, junctis. February, 1852. Th 7 Rrvour’s Heurx. Shell very broadly umbilicated, ob- long-discoid, peculiarly compressed, flatly concave at the upper part, rib-like striated, reddish-olive, smooth and shining beneath; whorls five, rounded, the last alittle descending ; umbilicus very large, perspective; aperture very oblique, somewhat square, rather trum- pet-shaped ; lip thickened, reflected, margins joined Desnayes, Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. ii. p. 208. Helix carabinata, Férussac. Hab. Ceylon. Of a peculiar discoid growth, concave on both sides and singularly distortedly compressed. Helix PU. LXXLE. HELIX. Pirate LXXIX. Species 414. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx squatus. Hel. testd ampliter umbilicatd, globosd, tenui, corned, undique minutissime scabra ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo magno, ventricoso; apertura magna, lunari; peristomate tenui, acuto, reflexo, columellam Jere tegente. Tue prety Hexrx. Shell largely umbilicated, globose, thin, horny, very minutely scabrous throughout ; whorls five, last whorl large, ventricose ; aperture large, lunar; lip thin, acute, reflected, almost cover- ing the columella. Hips, Voyage of the Sulphur, Moll. p. 55. pl. 19. f. 12. Hab. Port Carteret, New Ireland. Characterized throughout by a minute seabrous gra- nular sculpture, a prominently effused lip, and an open perspective umbilicus. Species 415. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix arciitacea. Hel. testd anguste umbilicata, sub- globosd, diaphand, corneo-rufescente ; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, anticé subito deflexo; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali; peri- slomate late expanso, breviter reflexo, marginibus ap- proximatis, columellari dilatato, umbilicum semitegente. Tue cuay Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, somewhat globose, diaphanous, horny-red ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last inflated, suddenly detlected in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip broadly expanded, shortly reflected, margins approximated, columellar margin dilated, half-covering the umbilicus. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 26. f. 1, 2. Hab, Island of Timor. This species, though diaphanous, is rather of firm struc- ture. It is of an uniform reddish-clay colour. Species 416. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Stranger. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, nitente, superne confertim tenuissime costulato- striatd, olivaceo-corned, lineis subtilibus decussatd, in- Serné levigatd ; spird parum elevatd, obtusa ; anfrac- tibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo declivi, basi ro- tundato ; apertura subobliqud, lunari-ovali; peristomate simplici, tenui, marginibus conspicue conniventibus. StranGe’s Herrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, shining, closely very finely rib-like striated at the upper part, and decussated with fine lines, smooth at the lower; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls five, rather convex, the last slanting, rounded at the base ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, thin, margins conspicuously approximating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. p. 109. Hab. Brisbane Water, New South Wales; Strange. A thin shining olive-horny species, finely sculptured above and smooth beneath, with a deep open umbilicus. Species 417. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx corrarta. Hel. lestd suboblect2 umbilicata, de- presso-globosd, solida, ruditer rugosd et subtilissime granulatd, leté castaned; spirdé late conoided, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé subdeflexo ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristo- mate recto, obtuso, marginibus distantibus, columellari declivi, incrassato-refleco, superné in laminam trian- gularem, umbilicum fere occultantem dilatato. THe TANNED HELIX. licus, depressly globose, solid, rudely rough and very Shell with a nearly covered umbi- finely granulated, light chestnut; spire broadly co- noid, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, rather convex, the last slightly deflected in front; aperture rotun- dately lunar ; lip straight, obtuse, margins distant, co- lumellar margin slanting, thickly reflected, dilated into a triangular lamina, almost covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847. p. 145. Hab. Ceylon? A somewhat rough light chestnut species, resembling H. argillacea in form. Species 418. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Porrettana. Hel. testa viz umbilicatd, conyforms, oblique tenuistriata, albidd, fuscescente pallide tincta ; spird elevatd, apice subpapillari ; anfractibus seplem, plano-concexis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtus? angulato, fascia fuscé interrupld obscure cingulatd ; aperturd parviuscula, subquadrata ; peristomate simplici, intus paululum incrassalo, marginibus subconniventibus, co- lumellari lat2 tenud reflero et dilatato, umbilicum omnino legente. March, 1852. e HELIX.—Puiate LXXIX. Porret’s Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, cone-shaped, obliquely finely striated, whitish, faintly tinged with light brown ; spire raised, somewhat papillary at the apex ; whorls seven, flatly convex, last whorl obtusely angled at the periphery, and obscurely encircled with an interrupted brown band; aperture rather small, somewhat square; lip simple, a little thickened within, margins rather approximating, columellar margin broadly thinly reflected and dilated, entirely covering the umbilicus. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Port Essington, Australia. An elevated cone-shaped species, not distinguished by any peculiarity of marking. Species 419. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLtx GAERTNERIANA. Hel. testa umbilicatd, coniformi, solidiusculd, oblique confertim plicato-striatd, sordidé albidé aut fulvescente ; spird elevatd, apice subpapil- lari; anfractibus septem, subangustis, plano-convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtuse angulato, lined tenui rufa conspicue cingulato, basi planulato ; umbilico angusto, subprofundo ; aperturd transverse quadraté ; peristo- mate albo, calloso, reflexo, margine columellari dilatato, purpureo-violaceo. GaertNeR’s Hextrx. Shell umbilicated, cone-shaped, rather solid, obliquely closely plicately striated, dirty white or pale fulvous; spire elevated, somewhat pa- pillary at the apex; whorls seven, rather narrow, flatly convex, last whorl obtusely angled at the peri- phery, conspicuously encircled with a fine red line, rather flat at the base ; aperture transversely square ; lip white, callous, reflected, columellar margin dilated, purple-violet. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Night Island, North Australia (on trunks and branches of a Bombax); Macgillivray. Another elevated cone-shaped species, in which the last whorl is encircled with a strongly painted red thread-like line, while the columellar margin, which is reflected over the umbilicus, is stained with a characteristic purple-violet bloteh. Species 420. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix immacurata. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicata, tenui, globosi, obliqué lenuistriata, albidd, semipellucida, epi- dermide tenui corned partim indutd; spird subconoided ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, plano-converis, ullimo ob- tusé carinato ; apertura lunato-orbiculari ; peristomate tenui, parum reflexo. Tue unspotrep Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, thin, globose, obliquely finely striated, whitish, semi- transparent, partially covered with a thin horny epi- dermis; spire subconoid; whorls five to six, flatly convex, last whorl obtusely keeled ; aperture lunately orbicular; lip thin, but little reflected. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 62. pl. 16. f. 5. Hab. Philippine Islands. A semitransparent white, horn-clad shell, with an obscure ring-like keel round the periphery of the last whorl. Helix , Pl. LXXLX. HELIX. Pirate LXXX. Species 421. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Typrnsana. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, subdiscoided, oblique plicato-striata, fusco- olivaced ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, an- gustis, plano-convewis, ultimo rotundato, fascia albidé cingulato ; umbilico pervio, perspectivo ; apertura par- viusculd, subcirculari ; peristomate reflexo, carneo, mar- ginibus valde conniventibus. Tue Typrnsan Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, subdiscoid, obliquely plicately stri- ated, brownish-oliye; spire obtuse; whorls six to seven, narrow, flatly convex, last whorl rounded, en- circled with a whitish band; umbilicus open, per- spective ; aperture rather small, nearly circular ; lip reflected, flesh-coloured, margins nearly approximat- ing. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 60. pl. 14. f. 3 a, 6. Hab. Island of Ty-pin-san, Meiacoshima Group (under decayed leaves in the pine-woods) ; Adams. Of this Solarium-like form there are three distinct species in the centre column of the present plate. Species 422. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix grata. Hel. testa angusted umbilicatd, trochiformi, tenui, striatd, citrind, epidermide fulvd fasciatim ob- ductd ; spird conicd, acutd ; anfractibus quinque, pla- niusculis, ullimo acuté carinalo, basi convexiusculo ; columella oblique descendente, dilatatd ; apertura sub- rhombed ; peristomate simplici, late expanso, margine columellari dilatato, arcuatim reflexo, umbilicum occul- tante, nec obtegente. THe wetcome Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, tro- chus-shaped, thin, striated, lemon-coloured, covered with a fulvous-banded epidermis; spire conical, sharp; whorls five, rather flat, the last sharply keeled, rather convex at the base; columella descend- ing obliquely, dilated; aperture sub-rhomboid ; lip simple, broadly expanded, columellar margin dilated, arcuately reflected, concealing but not covering the umbilicus. Carocolla grata, Michelin, Mag. de Zool. 1831. Moll. pl. 9. Helix acuta, Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Port Dorey, New Guinea; Quoy. The sharp keel of this interesting and rare species is edged with opake white, which on the spire is faintly seen in the place of the suture. Species 423. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix picryores. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, sub- lenticulari, oblique plicato-striatd, tenuiculd, diaphand, pallid2 corned, fusco subtiliter reticulata, maculis cas- taneis juxta suturam et carinam ornata ; spird late co- noided ; anfractibus seplem, vix convexiusculis, ultimo acuté carinato, anticé non descendente ; apertura sub- verticali, depressd, lunari; peristomate simplici, mar- gine columellari breviter dilatato, basali sinuoso, re- Jleviusculo. THe NeET-L1KE Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, somewhat lens-shaped, obliquely plicately striated, very thin, diaphanous, pale horny, finely reticulated with brown and ornamented next the suture and keel with chestnut blotches; spire broadly conoid ; whorls seven, rather convex, the last sharply keéled, not de- scending in front; aperture subvertical, depressed, lunar; lip simple, columellar margin shortly dilated, basal margin sinuous and slightly reflected. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 111. Hab. New Guinea; Ince. Curious, blotched throughout with irregular straggling chestnut spots next the keel and suture. Species 424. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx vermis. el. testa latissime et profund2 umbilica- ld, discoided, plano-depressd, pallid? fulvescente ; spird convexo-pland ; anfractibus septem ad octo, angustis, ultimo oblus2 carinato, basi rotundato ; aperturd circu- lari, marginibus conniventibus ; peristomate lenui, le- viter reflexo. Tue worm Hetrx. Shell very broadly and deeply um- bilicated, discoid, depressed, pale fulvous ; spire con- vexly flattened ; whorls seven to eight, narrow, last whorl obtusely keeled, rounded at the base ; aperture circular, margins approximating ; lip thin, slightly re- flected. Hab. Meiacoshima Group. This species, which is certainly distinct from H. Typin- March, 1852. ‘ HELIX.—Puate LXXX. sana, being very much broader and more depressly convo- luted, was collected in the Samarang, but not described in the Zoology of that voyage. Species 425. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Dunnix. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, fused, carinatd, irregulariter granulato-striatd ; spirdé parum elevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, ultimo anticé paululum descendente, basi convexo, circa umbi- licum infundibuliformem compresso ; apertura perobli- qua, irregulari, transverse oblonga, latere effusd ; peri- stomate simplici, margine supero depresso, antrorsum di- latato, columellari breviter reflexo. Dunn’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, brown, keeled, irregularly granularly striated ; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls four, rather flattened, last whorl descending a little in front, convex at the base, compressed around the umbilicus, which is funnel- shaped ; aperture very oblique, irregular, transversely oblong, effused at the side; lip simple, upper margin depressed, dilated towards the front, columellar mar- gin shortly reflected. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, p. 317. Hab. New Zealand. The surface of this shell is peculiarly minutely cross- grained, and the suture is curiously impressed. Species 426. (Mus. Cuming.) For description of this species, H. regalis, see Plate XCVL., this specimen being an abnormal variety of the typical example there figured. Species 427. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Cuiensis. Hel. testa latissime et profunde um- bilicatd, striata, nitidd, subpellucidd, superné pallidé Sulvescente, basi albida ; spird vix elevatd, apice non obtusatd ; anfractibus octo, convewis, lente accrescenti- bus, ultimo priores paulo superante, basi vix latiore ; aperturd parvuld, obliqud, lunato-circulari ; peristo- mate albo, reflexo, marginibus approximatis. Tue Curva Hexrx. Shell very broadly and deeply um- bilicated, striated, shining, subpellucid, pale fulvous at the upper part, whitish at the base; spire scarcely raised, not obtuse at the apex; whorls eight, convex, inereasing slowly, the last but little larger than the preceding, scarcely broader at the base; aperture rather small, oblique, lunar-circular; lip white, re- flected, margins approximating. Puripri, Abbild.und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 9. pl. 6. f. 1. Hab. China. Of the same peculiar discoid and largely umbilicated type as H. vermis and Typinsana, between which species it is about intermediate in its characters. Helix. Pl. LXX£41. 433 HELIX, Pirate LXXXI. Species 428. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ELEGANTISSIMA. Hel. testa subampliter umbili- caté, plano-orbiculari, valdé depressa, subpellucidd, pallide stramined, oblique subtilissimé plicato-striatd ; anfractibus septem, planatis, ultimo acutissimé cari- nato, carina alba, peculiariter serrulato ; umbilico pervio, perspectivo ; apertura trigono-ovatd ; peristo- mate subincrassato, reflexo, albo, marginibus conniven- tibus. THE VERY ELEGANT Hexix. Shell rather largely umbi- licated, flatly orbicular, very depressed, rather trans- parent, pale straw-colour, obliquely very finely pli- eately striated; whorls seven, flattened, last whorl very sharply keeled, keel white, peculiarly finely ser- rated; umbilicus open, perspective; aperture trian- gularly ovate; lip rather thickened, reflected, white, margins approximating. Preirrer, Mus. Cuming. /* ~ Hab. ——? This very delicate species is characterized in a manner extremely curious. The finely plicated stria become deve- loped at their extremity on the keel into a fine serrated fringe, which is seen in the place of the suture throughout the spire. Species 429. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Nov#-Hipernix. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso- depressa, carinatd, oblique ruguloso-striatd, tenui, ful- vescente, ad carinam lined ruféi cinctd ; anfractibus sex, vir convexiusculis, ultimo basi convexiore, sublevi- gato, lineis concentricis obsoleté decussato ; apertura lunari, intus nitidé ; peristomate recto, obtuso, mar- gine columellari subincrassato. Tue New Iretanp Hexix. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, keeled, obliquely striated in a wrinkled manner, thin, fulvous, encircled with a red line at the keel; whorls six, rather convex, the last more convex and smoother at the base, obsoletely decus- sated with concentric lines; aperture lunar, shining within ; lip straight, obtuse, columellar margin rather thickened. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de |’Astrolabe, Zool. vol. ii. p- 124. pl. 10. f. 14-17. Hab. Port Carteret, New Ireland. The red-brown line which encircles this species at the | periphery, is faintly seen in the sutures of the spire. Species 430. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX RESPLENDENS. Hel. testd subumbilicatd, depressd, glaberrimd, lucida, tenui, pellucidd, lutescente-cornea ; spird vir prominuld ; anfractibus sex ad septem, con- veciusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo regulariter aucto, basi convexo, medio profunde impresso ; apertura Jere verticali, depress, lata, lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine columellari peroblique descendente. THE RESPLENDENT Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, depressed, very smooth, shining, thin, pellucid, yel- lowish-horny ; spire but little prominent ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, increasing slowly, the last regularly enlarged, convex at the base, deeply im- pressed in the middle; aperture almost vertical, de- pressed, broad, lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin descending very obliquely. Puittert, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846, p. 192. Hab. Burmah; Philippi. This transparent horny shell has very much the ap- pearance of a Vitrina. The upper part of the whorls is faintly plicately striated next the suture. Species 431. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx tricotor. el. testa lenticulari-conoided, tenui, carinatd, undique confertim concentricé striata, hya- lind, superné lineis albis et ad suturam fascia alba castaneo-punctaté ornata ; spird brevi, conoided, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo ca- rind albd lineis castaneis marginatd et articulald mnu- nito, supernd et ad carinam subitd deflexo, basi juxta columellam subgibbo ; apertura angustd, perobliqua, subtriangulari ; peristomate simplici, castaneo-limbalo, margine dextro recto, basali breviter reflero, columellari perdeclivi, introrsum dilatato, excavato, saturaté cas- taneo. Tur tricoLoureD He.tx. Shell lenticularly conoid, thin, keeled, closely concentrically striated through- out, hyaline, ornamented at the upper part with white lines, and at the suture with a white chestnut- dotted band ; spire short, conoid, obtuse at the apex ; whorls four, rather flat, the last furnished with a March, 1852. HELIX.—Piare LXXX1. white keel, edged and reticulated with chestnut lines, suddenly deflected at the upper part and at the keel, slightly gibbous at the base near the columella; aperture narrow, very oblique, somewhat triangular ; lip simple, chestnut-edged, right margin straight, basal margin shortly reflected, columellar margin very slanting, dilated inwardly, excavated, dark chestnut. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 129. Has. St. Christoval Island, Salomon’s Group. A rather solid pale straw-coloured hyaline shell, en- circled with delicate opake-white hair lines, with an opake- white keel at the periphery, marked with chestnut lines and dots. The lip and columella are conspicuously stained with chestnut. Species 432. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Kurri. Hel. testd umbilicaté, depressa, tenui, punctis distantibus sub lente scubriusculd, diaphand, corneo-albidé, fascid angustéd rufa ornatd ; spird plana ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingque, primis con- veviusculis, ultimo sensim descendente, utrinque sub- plano, antic subconstricto ; apertura obliqud, subtri- angulari-lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margini- bus conniventibus, supero late expanso, basali reflexo, columellari brevi, triangulatim dilatato. Kurr’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, slightly roughened beneath the lens with distant punctures, diaphanous, horny-white, ornamented with a narrow red band; spire flat; whorls four to five, the first rather convex, the last gradually de- scending, slightly flattened on both sides, rather drawn out in front; aperture oblique, somewhat tri- angularly lunar; lip simple, thin, margins approxi- mating, upper margin broadly expanded, basal mar- gin reflected, columellar margin short, triangularly dilated. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 228. Hab. ——? In some examples of this species, there is a second faint band a little below the first. Species 433. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix conspersuta. Hel. testd umbilicald, turbinata, striatuld, opacd, tenuiusculd, stramined vel cinnamo- med, punctis albis confertissimé conspersd ; spird co- | | | | | noided, apice obtusiusculd, nigricante ; sulurd mediocri, castaneo-marginata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato, basi planiusculo ; columella ob- ligud, subarcuatd, subexcavatd, alba, castaneo-mar- ginaté ; aperturd ampld, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplict, breviler expanso. THE FINELY SPRINKLED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, tur- binated, finely striated, opake, rather thin, pale straw or cinnamon-coloured, very closely sprinkled with white dots; spire conoid, rather obtuse and blackish at the apex; suture middling, edged with chestnut ; whorls six, rather convex, the last slightly angled, rather flat at the base; columella oblique, slightly arched, rather hollow, white, chestnut-edged; aperture large, lunar-oval; lip simple, shortly expanded. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 124. Hab. ? The delicate white dots which characterize this shell are quite superficial, composed of hydrophanous epidermis. Unlikely as it may appear, this species runs very closely into varieties of 1. fusco-cincta, from Jamaica. Species 434. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Greenwoopi. Hel. testd subampliter umbili- cata, orbiculari-depressd, aperturam versus oblique productd, oblique confertissimé corrugato-striata, oli- vaced ; spird obtuse depressd; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convexis, ultimo medio peculiariter diagonaliter plicato, circa umbilicum angulato ; apertura lunari- ovali ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus. GreeNwoop’s Hetrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, obliquely produced towards the aperture, obliquely very closely striated in a wrinkled manner, olive; spire obtusely depressed ; whorls four, flatly convex, the last peculiarly diago- nally plicated in the middle, angled around the um- bilicus ; aperture lunar-oval; lip simple, margins ap- proximating. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 165. Hab. New Zealand. An interesting species, of the same peculiar typical cha- racter as 7. Dunnia, Sp. 425, from which it differs mainly in having a larger umbilicus, though the shell is smaller, and in having several folds ranging diagonally about the periphery of the last whorl. oy -_ > a - 7 + _ a “fal i,” h - = . 7 ls” fi ' u - 7 , 7 ’ cy : — , - ' is a) ad - 7 1 Y 7 ‘ ; - ¥ i u ie ._ 7 _ > 7 ; : - 4 , oe iy - : Se | _ pry y } i , ee 438 w 3S. G39. Helix, fl. LAXXIU. HSE DB HEREYTX., Piare LXXXIT. Species 435. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex procumBens. Hel. testa late umbilicatd, depressd, discoided, tenui, subliliter striatd, pallide corned ; spird pland ; anfractibus quatuor, subplanulatis, ultimo an- tice deflexo, basi inflato, circa umbilicum latum per- spectivum subcompresso ; apertura perobliqua, subcircu- lari; peristomate effuso, marginibus subcontiguis, supero late expanso, basali reflexo. Tue BENDING Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, finely striated, pale horny; spire flat ; whorls four, rather flattened, last whorl deflected in front, inflated at the base, rather compressed around the perspective umbilicus; aperture very oblique, nearly circular; lip effused, margins almost contiguous, upper margin broadly expanded, basal margin re- flected. Govxp, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iv. p. 453. pl. 24. f. 1. Hab. Tavoy, Burmah. A horny, discoid species, largely umbilicated, with a round effused trumpet-shaped aperture. Species 436. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix reruGa. Hel. testd sinistrorsd, latissimé umbilica- ta, subdiscoided, superné pland, basi concavd, soliduld, oblique minute rugatd et supernd concentrice striald, alba, epidermide decidud flavescente-corned indutd ; an- Jractibus sex ad septem, angustis, ultimo antice perde- jlexo, basi subangulato ; apertura perobliqud, lunari ; peristomate breviter et abrupte reflexo, albo-calloso, mar- ginibus lamind medio elevatd lamellam transversam in- trantem emittente. THE FLYING BAcK Herrx. Shell sinistral, very broadly umbilicated, discoid, flat at the upper part, concave beneath, rather solid, obliquely finely wrinkled and concentrically striated, white, covered with a deci- duous yellowish-horny epidermis; whorls six to seven, narrow, last whorl considerably deflected in front, slightly angled at the base; aperture very oblique, lunar; lip shortly and abruptly reflected, white, callous, margins joined by a lamina, raised in the middle, and emitting a transverse lamina which enters the aperture. GouLp, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. iii. p. 2. pl. 10. f. 4. Hab. Burmah. Of a more discoid form than the preceding species, very widely umbilicated, with a characteristic transverse lamina on the body-whorl within the aperture. Species 437. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LEPTOGRAMMA. bosd, lenui, striata, lineis impressis, concentricis, con- Jertis sculptd, carneo-albidd, fasciis angustis rufis orna- ta ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, convexiusculis, ullimo inflato, antic? breviter descendente; aperturd viz obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate albo, breviter expanso, marginibus callo tenuissimo diffuso junctis, columellari valdé dilatato, allo, nitido, reflexo, umbilicum semioc- cultante. THE DELICATELY PAINTED Hexix. Shell narrowly um- bilicated, globose, thin, striated, sculptured with close-set concentric impressed lines, flesh-white, or- namented with three to four narrow red bands ; whorls four to five, rather convex, last whorl inflated, slightly descending in front; aperture a little oblique, rotundately lunar; lip white, shortly expanded, mar- gins joined by a very thin diffused callosity, columel- lar margin much dilated, white, shining, reflected, half-covering the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 127. Hab. South Australia. Hel. testé anguste umbilicaté, glo- A light globose shell, encircled round the middle and upper part with three to four delicately painted brown-red bands. Species 438. (Fig. a,4, Mus. Cuming.) Herrx CAMPBELLI. utringue converd, superne confertim rugoso-striata, Hel. testé imperforata, orbiculata, striis spiralibus leviter decussatd, pallid brunned, fas- cid unicd pallidd supra peripheriam ornatd ; spira conoided, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo medio angulato, basi lavigatiore, nitidd, columella brevi, obliqud, subincrassata; apertura angulato-lunari ; peristomate tenui, acuto. Camppeti’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicular, con- March, 1852. i HELIX.—Puate LXXXI. yex on both sides, closely striated in a wrinkled man- ner on the upper part, faintly decussated with spiral strie, pale brown, with a single pale band above the periphery ; spire conoid, obtuse; whorls four to five, rather flat, last whorl angled in the middle, smoother and shining beneath ; columella short, oblique, rather thickened; aperture angularly lunar; lip thin, sharp. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 65. Hab. Phillip Island, Pacifie Ocean. This species is mostly of a dull olive-colour above, and shining chestnut below, the contrast being very signifi- cantly marked at the periphery. Species 439. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Forstertana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, tenui, undique peculiariter granulatd, fulvescente, fas- cits duabus pallidé rufo-fuscis cingulatd ; spird subde- pressa, suturis impressis et subrudé plicatis ; wmbilico profundo ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, mar- gine columellari breviter dilatato et reflexo, rufo-fusco. Forster’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, thin, peculiarly granulated throughout, fulvous, encircled by two rather faint red-brown bands ; spire somewhat depressed, sutures impressed and rather rudely pli- cated; umbilicus deep; aperture lunar; lip simple, columellar margin shortly dilated and reflected, red- brown. PrerrFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Australia. Characterized by a peculiarly granulated surface, and by the sutures of the spire being finely rudely plicated. Species 440. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix crrcutus. Hel. testd wnbilicatd, depressi, solida, ruguloso-striatd, nitiduld, alba ; spird vic elevatd ; an- Sractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo subangulato, non descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura obliqua, parculd, lunato-circulari, intus callo circulari coarctata ; peristomate breviter expanso, marginibus conniventiLus. Tue orp Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, solid, roughly striated, shining, white; spire but little raised; whorls five to six, convex, the last slightly angled, not descending; umbilicus middling, open; aperture oblique, rather small, lunar-circular, thick- ened by a circular callosity within; lip shortly ex- panded, margins approximating. Preirrer, Symbola, vol. iii. p. 76. Hab. 2 The aperture of this species is perfectly round, much after the manner of a Cyclostoma. Species 441. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx papitata. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressa, sub- discoided, solidiuscula, irregulariter striata, opaca, al- bidd, spadiceo-nebulosd saturatiusque strigata et macu- lata ; spira pland, apice papillata ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo descendente, depresso-rotundato ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura obliqud, lunato-sub- circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine colu- mellari vir dilatato. THE PAPILLATED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, subdiscoid, rather solid, irregularly striated, opake- whitish, clouded with fawn-colour, and streaked and spotted of a darker colour; spire flat, papillated at the apex ; whorls five, rather flat, the last descending, depressly rounded ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture oblique, lunar-subcircular; lip simple, acute, colu- mellar margin a little dilated. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 129. Hab. The darker band derives a purplish hue from an over- coating of opake white. ? A & . . Helix, Pl. LXXLT1. 443.b 443. a 444, 445.6 446. HELIX. Pruare LXXXIII. Species 44.2. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix cInNaMoMEA. Hel. testd via umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, nitidd, diaphand, minutissimé et irregulariter striatd, cinnamomed ; suturd mediocri; anfractibus septem, angustis, vix convexiusculis ; umbilico parco, semitecto; apertura subobliqud, semilunari; peristo- mate simplici, tenui, acuto. THE CINNAMON Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, shining, diaphanous, very minutely and irregularly striated, cinnamon-coloured ; suture mid- dling; whorls seven, narrow, slightly convex ; umbi- licus small, half-covered; aperture rather oblique, semilunar; lip simple, thin, sharp. VALENCIENNES, Eydoux, Mag. de Zool. 1838, pl. 116. f. 1. Hab. Natunas Archipelago, China Sea. A smooth shining horny species, of a peculiar cinnamon- colour. Species 443. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Taranaki. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, solidi- usculd, pallidé corned, nitiduld, superné confertim cos- tulato-striatd, basi leviore ; spird parum elevatd ; an- fractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo latiore, antice viz descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura transverse lunato-ovali ; peristomate tenui, expanso, intus nitide albo, margine basali strictiusculo, reflexo, columellari dilatato, patente. Tue Taranakrt Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather solid, pale horny, shining, closely rib-like striated at the upper part, smoother at the base ; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather convex, the last broader, scarcely descending in front ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture transversely lunar-oval ; lip thin, expanded, shining white within, basal margin rather drawn out, reflected, columellar margin dilated, open. Gray, New Zealand, App. pl. 1. f. 6, 7. Hab. New Zealand. Possession Island, Torres Straits ; Ince. Of a transparent horny texture, sculptured on the upper part with very fine rib-like striae, which at the base become obsolete. Species 444. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix opiita. Hel. testa angusté umbilicatd, depressd, corned, tenui, pellucida, superné conspicue confertim costulato-striatd, basi leviore ; anfractibus sex, plano- convexis, ultimo carinato ; apertura transverse lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, margine columellari viz dilatato. Tue DerILep Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressed, horny, thin, transparent, conspicuously closely rib-like striated at the upper part, smoother at the base ; whorls six, flatly convex, the last keeled ; aper- ture transversely lunar; lip simple, thin, columellar margin scarcely dilated. PrerirFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab, ——? Tn this species, which is of a very thin pellucid texture, the strie are very prominently developed on the upper surface, and, extending over the keel, give it a finely ser- rated character. Species 445. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix TouranNnensis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subglobosa, corned, pellucida, superne irregulariter subtiliter costu- lato-striata, suturd tenuimarginatad ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, rotundatis ; apertura circulari ; peristomate simplici, intus incrassato, carneo, marginibus conniven- tibus, columellari subdilatato. Tue Tourann Heurx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globose, horny, transparent, irregularly finely rib-like striated, suture thinly marginated ; whorls five to six, rounded ; aperture circular; lip simple, thickened within and flesh-tinted, margins approximating, colu- mellar margin rather dilated. SouteEreEt, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1842. p. 101. Hab. Cochin-China, Canton. The lip of this transparent horny species has a callous ring developed inwardly of a delicate flesh-tint. Species 446. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Garpnert. Hel. testé subumbilicatd, turbinatd, solidd, striis longitudinalibus et spiralibus distantibus decussata, nitidd, castaned ; spird elevald, acutiusculé ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ultimo majore, sublavigato, ad peripheriam cingulo albo ornato ; aper- turd oblique lunari, intus alba; peristomate simplici, March, 1852. HELIX.—Puiate LXXXIM. recto, margine columellari subincrassato, superné sub- dilatato, perforationem fere claudente. Garpner’s Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, turbi- nated, solid, decussated with distant longitudinal and spiral striae, chestnut; spire raised, rather sharp ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last larger and rather smooth, ornamented with a white band at the periphery ; aperture obliquely lunar, white within ; lip simple, straight, columellar margin rather thick- ened, slightly dilated at the upper part, almost closing the umbilicus. Prerrrer, in Second EKdition of Chemnitz Conch. Cab. pl. 112. f. 12, 13. Hab. Ceylon (in the woods, at 8,000 feet elevation) ; Gardner. A dark shining chestnut shell, encircled with a single narrow white band, and beautifully decussately sculptured towards the apex. Species 447. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Coreanica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-glo- bosd, subtiliter rugulosa et malleatd, juxta suturas alba, infra pallidé spadiceo-rufa, albido plus minus obscure cingulata ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate sim- plicit, marginibus conniventibus, columellari breviter dilatato. Tue Corea Hevrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, finely wrinkled and indented, white next the sutures, light fawn-red beneath, more or less obscurely banded with white; aperture lunately circular; lip simple, margins approximating, columellar margin shortly dilated. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 61. pl. 16. f. 2. Hab. Corean Archipelago. The common snail of the islands of the Corean Archi- pelago, where it is eaten by the natives as an ordinary article of food. Species 448. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Inpica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-convera, solidiusculd, superné costulato-striatd, lineis impressis confertim granulato-decussatd, fulvd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo basi convexiore, lavi- gato, infra carinam lineis nonnullis impressis concen- tricis notato ; apertura angulato-lunari ; peristomate recto, albo, margine columellari subincrassato, breviter reflexo. Tue Inpran Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly con- vex, rather solid, rib-like striated on the upper part, and closely granulately decussated with impressed lines, fulvous; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last more convex at the base, smooth, marked with a few impressed concentric lines below the keel; aperture angularly lunar; lip straight, white, columellar mar- gin rather thickened, shortly reflected. Preirrer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 66. Hab. Neilgherries, Hindoostan. The upper surface of this species is very elaborately sculp- tured with fine rib-like strize, which are granulated. Helix, PU. LXXL1LV. 469. 450 W 452. W. 452d 453 a5eb 45%, a > HELIX. Puate LXXXIV. Species 449. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx conicorpes. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso- conicd, tenui, fuscescente, vitred, subtilissimé striata, nitidd ; spird pyramidali-elatd, suturis tenuimargina- tis; anfractibus septem, ultimo acutissime carinato ; apertura transverse rhomboided ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue conorp Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly conic, thin, light brown, glassy, very finely striated, shin- ing; spire pyramidally elevated, sutures finely mar- gined; whorls seven, the last very sharply keeled ; aperture transversely rhomboid ; lip simple, sharp. Metcatre, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Borneo. A light brown glassy shell, with a peculiarly elevated spire. Species 450. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heix Nitacrrica. Hel. testd latissime umbilicatd, de- pressa, discoided, striata, corneo-albidé, lined unica rufa supra peripheriam cincté ; spird planiusculd ; an- Sractibus quinque, rotundatis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice abrupte deflexo ; umbilico anfractum penultimum late monstrante, medio angusto, pervio ; apertura parva, horizontali, rotundato-ovali ; peristomate continuo, albo, effuso, reflexo, marginibus fere junctis. Tue NettGnerry Hexrx. Shell very broadly umbili- cated, depressed, discoid, striated, horny-white, en- circled with a single red line at the periphery ; spire rather flat; whorls five, rounded, increasing slowly, the last abruptly deflected in front ; umbilicus broadly showing the penultimate whorl, narrow and open in the middle; aperture small, horizontal, rotundately oval; lip continuous, white, effused, reflected, mar- gins almost joined. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1845, p. 130. Hab. Neilgherry Hills, Hindoostan. A species in which the whorls are so widely convo- luted, that the shell looks like that of a Serpula. Species 451. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix apusta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-discoided, sub lente minut? punctulatd ; spird concavo-planatd, suturis unpressis ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo superné declivi, antic? descendente; umbilico amplo, percio ; apertura subtrigono-quadratd ; peristomate reflezo, marginihus conniventibus. Tue apust Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely discoid, minutely punctured beneath the lens; spire concavely flattened, sutures impressed; whorls five, the last slanting round the upper part, descending in front ; umbilicus large, open; aperture somewhat triangu- larly square ; lip reflected, margins approximating. Hrnps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 55. pl. 19. f. 11. Hab. Port Carteret, New Ireland (among the fallen de- caying leaves on the shore) ; Hinds. The spire of this shell has the appearance of being pressed almost concavely inwards. Species 452. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX HONESTA. Hel. tesld viz umbilicata, orbiculata, la- vigata, subvitred, nitidé castaned, suturis pallidiorihus ; anfractibus sex, plano-convexis, ultimo obsolete obtuse carinato ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue NEAT Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbicular, smooth, somewhat glassy, shining chestnut, sutures rather paler; whorls six, flatly convex, last whorl obsoletely obtusely keeled; aperture lunar; lip sim- ple, sharp. Gov tp (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Burmah. A shining, dark chestnut, glassy shell. Species 453. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Trortvus. Hel. testa umbilicatd, subdepressd, ob- ligqué tenuistriata, intensé castaned, lineis pallidis dua- bus, und infra und supra peripheriam cingulatd, apice obtusa ; anfractihus quingue ad sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato vel obtuse carinato ; aperturd lunato-subcir- culari ; peristomate simplici, subincrassato, marginibus conniventibus. Tue Tromus Herrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat de- pressed, obliquely finely striated, dark chestnut, en- circled with two pale lines, one above the periphery and one below it, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, the last rounded or obtusely keeled; aperture March, 1852. HELIX.—Puate LXXXIV. lunar, subcircular; lip simple, rather thickened, margins approximating. Goutp, Expedition Shells, 1846, p. 23. Hab. Island of Samoa. A very dark chestnut species, encircled with two cha- racteristic pale lines, one above and the other below the periphery. Species 454. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix geprxantHa. Hel. testa umbilicatd, subglobosi, tenui, corned, sub lente minutissimé granulatd ; spud pland ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ultimo sub- inflato ; apertura lunari ; peristomate tenui, simplici. Tue yeLLowtsH Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globose, thin, horny, beneath the lens very minutely granulated ; spire flat; whorls four to five, the last rather inflated; aperture lunar; lip thin, simple. Prerrrer (Mus. Cuming). Hab. China. A simple horny shell, somewhat remarkable for its very minutely granulated surface. Species 455. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx pyrruozona. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, subdiaphand, corneo-albidd, superne confertim costulato-striata, basi tenuiter striata; spirad parum elevaté ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam rufo-unizonato, anticé vir de- scendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura subver- ticali, lunari ; peristomate vix expansiusculo, intus in- crassato, albo, ad basin tuberculum indistinctum for- mante. THE RED-BANDED Hextx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, subdiaphanous, horny-white, closely rib-like striated at the upper part, finely striated at the base; spire but little elevated; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last red-banded at the periphery, scarcely descending in front; umbilicus middling, open; aperture subvertical, lunar; lip slightly ex- panded, inwardly thickened, white, forming an in- distinct tubercle at the base. Puiirrt, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 9. pl. 6. f. 4. Hab. China. The rib-like striae which characterize this species are very strongly developed. 457. & 459. U 4E64.au 456. 4+60.a 460.6 Helin, Ft. LXAXG. 457.6 459.6 +678 HELIX. Pirate LXXXV. Species 456. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Canpauarica. Tel. testé umbilicata, orbiculato- converiusculd, oblique striatuld, fuscescente - albidd, fasciis angustis, maculose interruptis, nigricantibus et rufis ornatd ; spird vix elevatd, apice nitidd, corned ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis; umbilico infundibu- liformi ; apertura obliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. Tue Canpanar Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, obliquely finely striated, brownish-white, or- namented with spot-interrupted blackish and red narrow bands; spire scarcely raised, apex shining, horny ;. whorls five, slightly convex; umbilicus fun- nel-shaped ; aperture oblique, lunar-oval ; lip simple, sharp, margins approximating. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 37. Hah. Candahar. A small stone-white shell, variegated with interrupted brown-black bands. Species 457. (Fig. 2,4, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Guertni. Hel. testa umbilicatd, trochiformi, epi- dermide fuscescente induté; anfractibus septem ad octo, vie conveciusculis, basi carinatis, carinis pilis confertis dense ciliatis ; basi converiusculé ; umbilico angustissimo, pervio; apertura lata, lunari; peristo- mate simplici, marginibus callo tenuissimo nitido junctis. Guenin’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, trochus-shaped, covered with a light brown epidermis ; whorls seven to eight, scarcely convex, keeled at the base, keels densely ciliated with close-set hairs; base slightly convex ; umbilicus very narrow, open; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, margins joined by a thin shining callosity. Preirrer, Revue zool. Soc. Cuv. 1842. p. 304. Hah. Neilgherry Hills. A pyramidally conical shell of very compact regular growth, with the whorls very slowly enlarging. Species 458. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Fortuner. Hel. testa subprofunde umbilicaté, si- nistrali, virescente-corned, pellucidd, solidiusculd, fascia unicd intense castaned medio cingulatd, oblique con- Sertim lenuissimé striata ; anfractibus quinque, plano- convexis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomale expanso, marginibus conniventibus. Fortune’s Heurx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, sinistral, greenish-horny, transparent, rather solid, encircled round the middle with a dark chestnut band, obliquely very closely finely striated; whorls five, flatly convex, the last rounded ; aperture lunar- circular ; lip expanded, margins approximating. PreirreER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851 (?). Hab. Shanghai, China; Fortune. A clear greenish-horny shell, very transparent, but yet rather solid, encircled by a central dark chestnut band, of which the upper edge is seen in the sutures of the spire. Species 459. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX FALLACIOSA. zonis fuscis variis plerumque ornata ; spird brevissima ; Hel. testd umbilicata, depressé, alba, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo subitd descendente; umbilico infundibuliformi ; apertura subhorizontali, ellipticd ; peristomate simplici, margini- bus junclis, supero breviter expanso, basali angulatim reflexo. Tue FratLacious Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, white, generally ornamented with various brown zones ; spire very short; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last suddenly descending ; umbilicus funnel- shaped ; aperture somewhat horizontal, elliptical ; lip simple, margins almost joined, upper margin shortly expanded, basal margin angularly reflected. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 71. f. 1. Hab. Ceylon and Hindoostan. The bands are somewhat variable in this species. In the specimen here figured there is one strong central band, with a delicate line, at some distance, above and below it. Species 460. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix tricnotroprs. fel. testd latd umbilicatd, calde depressd, corned, sub lente spiraliter minutissime con- fertim striata ; spird plano-converd ; anfractibus sez, planulatis, ultimo acutissime carinato, carina subpro- ducté ; apertura transverse ovata ; peristomale tenni, exrpanso. March, 1852. é HELIX.—Prate LXXXV. THE HAIR-KEEL Hetrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, very depressed, horny, beneath the lens spirally very mi- nutely closely striated ; spire flatly convex ; whorls six, flattened, the last very sharply keeled, keel some- | what produced ; aperture transversely ovate ; lip thin, expanded. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851 (?). Hab. China. A depressed sharply keeled horny species, spirally en- graved with numerous very close-set striae, and the keel in fine specimens is set with hairs. Species 461. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix serrvuta. Hel. testd subprofund? umbilicata, valde depressd, striis costulatis subcorrugatis confertim sculpta, sordide albd, carinatd, carind striis serrulata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis ; apertura transverse ovata ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue LITTLE saw Hexix. Shell somewhat deeply umbi- licated, very depressed, closely sculptured with rib- like slightly wrinkled strie, dirty white, keeled, keel serrated with the stria; whorls six, slightly convex ; aperture transversely ovate ; lip simple, sharp. Benson (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Himalaya. The keel obtains its saw-like edge from the overrunning of the raised striz. Helix, PL IXNAAV/ 4035. 466. W 466 b 467 HELIX. Puate LXXXVI. Species 462. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Stuartia. Hel. testd obsolete umbilicatd, depresso- turbinatd, striaté, albd, fasciis fuscis et nigricantibus varie ornatd; spiraé late conoided; anfractibus sex, vie converiusculis, ultimo basi subplanulato ; apertura perobliqua, lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine su- pero antrorsum arcuato, columellari breviter reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente. Sruarr’s Herrx. Shell obsoletely umbilicated, depressly turbinated, striated, white, variously ornamented with brown and blackish bands; spire broadly co- noid; whorls six, but little convex, last whorl rather flattened at the base; aperture very oblique, lunar ; lip simple, upper margin arched forward, columellar margin shortly reflected, almost covering the um- bilicus. Sowrrsy, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 154. Hab. Island of Celebes. Helix Stuartie somewhat resembles Helix Pan of the Philippine Islands in general aspect. In that species the marking is produced by the varied pattern of the epider- mis; in this it is produced by colour stained in the shell. Species 463. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Baraviana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, tenui, obtuse carinatd, superné cinnamomed, oblique confertim costulatd, subtus castaned, striata, versum umbilicum pallida, ared umbilicali castaneéd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, vix convexiusculis ; apertura angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, ad umbilicum arcuatum reflexo. Tue Batavia Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, thin, obtusely keeled, cinnamon at the upper part, obliquely closely ribbed, chestnut beneath, stri- ated, pale towards the umbilicus, umbilical area chestnut; whorls six to seven, but little convex ; aperture angularly lunar; lip simple, reflected in an arched manner at the umbilicus. Buscn, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. pl. 1. f. 3. Hab. Java. The colouring of this species, as above described, is ex- tremely characteristic. | Tue pistrnct Hetrx. Species 464. (Mus. Cuming.) I[eLIx crparis. Hel. testd subumbilicata, orbiculato-co- noided, oblique costulato-striata, subobscur2 corrugata et malleatd, flavescente-alha, fascia fusco-rubraé infra peripheriam cingulatd ; spird turgidd, apice obtusd ; anfractibus sex, viz convexiusculis ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine colu- mellari breviter dilatato, reflexo. THE TURBAN Hextx. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbi- cularly conoid, obliquely rib-like striated, somewhat obscurely wrinkled and indented, yellowish-white, encircled below the periphery with a red-brown band; spire swollen, obtuse at the apex; whorls six, slightly convex ; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin shortly dilated and reflected. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p. 45 Hab. Island of Timor. The rib-like striz are very regular and well-formed on the first five whorls; in the last whorl they begin to fade, and as they become more indistinct, so is the surface more indented and wrinkled. Species 465. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx pistincta. Jel. testa umbilicata, subglobosa, tur- gidd, subtiliter corrugaté et malleatd, rufescente-spa- diced, fascid albidé ad peripheriam, infra suturatiore, deinde alba ; spird brevi; anfractibus quinque ad sez, convexis, ultimo subrotundato ; umbilico mediocri, pro- fundo ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globose, swollen, finely wrinkled and indented, red- dish-fawn, with a whitish band at the periphery, darker below the periphery, then white; spire short ; whorls five to six, convex, last whorl somewhat rounded ; umbilicus middling, deep; aperture lunar ; lip simple. | Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. P Hab. Distinguished from H. monozonalis, to which it is allied, by its more swollen spiral form, fine indently wrinkled sculpture, and light reddish-fawn colouring. March, 1852. HELIX.—Puare LXXXVI. Species 466. (Fig. a, 4, Mus, Cuming.) Heuix concisa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, sub- discoided, solidd, aurantio-rufa, striata, sulcis obliquis, subcorrugatis, punctatis, nunc interruptis nunc divari- catis, incisd ; spird planiusculd, suturis impressis ; an- fractibus sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato, anticé vix de- flexo ; umbilico infundibuliformi, profundo ; apertura obliquad, lunato-ovali; peristomate subincrassato, ex- panso, albo, marginibus callo albo arcuato conniventibus. Tae cur Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, subdis- coid, solid, orange-red, striated, engraved with ob- lique grooves which are somewhat wrinkled and punctured, now interrupted, now divaricate; spire rather flat, with the sutures impressed; whorls six, convex, the last rounded, slightly deflected in front ; umbilicus funnel-shaped, deep; aperture oblique, lunar-oval; lip rather thickened, expanded, white, margins approximating, with an arched callous layer between them. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 78. f. 3, 4. Hab. Island of Aroa. This very scarce species is remarkably characterized by the vein-like grooves which cross the shell in an oblique direction. Species 467. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix mMonozonais. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato- convexd, ventricosd, nitidd, superne lineis confertis longitudinalibus et transversis subtilissimg decussata ; castaned, supra peripheriam albo-zonatd, infra satura- tiore castaned, deinde alba; spird brevi ; anfractibus quinque, convexis ; umbilico parvo ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari breviter re- flexo. Tuer ONE-zONED Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, ventricose, shining, very finely decussated at the upper part with close-set longitudinal and trans- verse lines, chestnut, with a white zone above the periphery, darker chestnut below, then white; spire short; whorls five, convex; umbilicus small; aper- ture lunar; lip simple, columellar margin shortly re- flected. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p. 29. Hab. Amboyna. Very finely granulately decussated from the sutures down to the white band, and smooth and shining below. Helix Pl. LXXXVH. eititon Le 478. Sowerby, del et lith ¥. Reeve, imp os HELIX. Pirate LXXXVII. Species 468. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix uneurcuta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, discoided, le- viter striatd, aurantid, albido aliquando fasciatd, su- perné pland ; suturd distincté ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planulatis, ultimo tereti, antice vix descendente ; umbilico infundibuliformi ; apertura lunari ; peristo- mate reflexo, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. THe LirrLe NAIL Hexix. Shell umbilicated, discoid, faintly striated, orange, sometimes encircled by a white band, flat at the upper part; suture distinct ; whorls five to six, rather flattened, the last lengthened, slightly descending in front; umbilicus funnel-shaped; aperture lunar; lip reflected, margins joined by a very thin callosity. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 76. f. 3, 4. Hab. Java. This species differs from H. ungulina in its more dis- coid growth, and broader flatter spire. , Species 469. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Grunent. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, su- perne planiusculd, minutissimé punctato-striata, au- rantio-rufa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, sensim accre- scentibus, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato, reflexo, anticé vic defleco ; umbilico angusto, pervio; apertura sub- verticali, depressd, late lunari ; peristomate incrassato, reflexo, marginibus callo tenui, superné dentem arcua- tum validum formante, junctis. Gruner’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather flat at the upper part, very minutely puncture- striated, orange-red; whorls five to six, increasing slowly, rather flattened, the last rounded, a little deflected in front; umbilicus narrow, open; aper- ture subvertical, depressed, broadly lunar ; lip thick- ened, reflected, margins joined by a thin callosity, forming at the upper part a strong arched tooth. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 63. Hab. ? An interesting species, allied to the preceding, but uni- formly of smaller size, distinguished by having the callo- sity which joins the margins thickened and raised into a strong edge. In other words, the reflected lip is carried across the body-whorl. Species 470. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX circumpata. Hel. testé umbilicatd, subdiscoided, superne concavd, laevigata, albidd, lineis aurantio-rufis numerosis angustis regularibus ornatd ; spird concavd, granulatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, primis paucis angustissimis, ultimo basi subplanato, medio excavato ; umbilico mediocri ; aperturd subcer- ticali, angusta, lunari ; peristomate subreflexo. THe surrouNDED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subdiseoid, concave above, smooth, whitish, regularly ornamented with numerous narrow orange-red lines; spire con- cave, granuled; whorls five to six, rather convex, the first few whorls very narrow, the last rather flat at the base, hollowed in the middle; umbilicus middling ; aperture subvertical, narrow, lunar; lip thinly reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 77. f. 1. Hab. Moluccas. Of the same peculiar type as the two preceding species, pencilled with numerous orange-brown lines, sometimes conglomerated in parts into a band. Species 471. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix mamiia. Hel. testd subangusté umbilicata, glo- bosd, vald2 rugosd et oblique corrugata, fulvescente, fusco bifasciald ; spird semiglobosa ; anfractibus sex, convexis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura perobliqua, irregulariter lunato-ovali; peristomate laté expanse, dense reflexo, albido, marginibus callo junctis, basals dilatato, umbilicum semitegente. Tue NrppLe Hewix. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, globose, very rough and obliquely wrinkled, fulvous, two-banded with brown; spire semiglobose ; whorls six, increasing slowly; aperture very oblique, irre- gularly lunar-oval ; lip broadly expanded, thickly re- flected, whitish, margins joined by a callosity, basal margin dilated, half-covering the umbilicus. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 25. f.1, 2. Hab. Island of Celebes. A broad globose shell, with the surface peculiarly rough and wrinkled. April, 1852. Species 472. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix zopraca. Tel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, minute granulatd, rufo-aurantia, subtus pallidiore, medio albo- zonatd ; spird planiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor, vir convexiusculis, ultimo anticé vix descendente; umbi- lico mediocri ; apertura subverticali, transversé ovali ; peristomate late expanso, incrassato, ad columellam dilatato. THe BELTED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, mi- nutely granulated, reddish-orange, paler underneath, white-zoned round the middle; spire rather flat; whorls four, but little convex, the last scarcely de- scending in front ; umbilicus middling ; aperture sub- vertical, transversely oval; lip broadly expanded and thickened, dilated at the columella. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 75. f. 2. Hab. \sland of Celebes. A fine species, closely minutely granulated throughout, partaking somewhat of the generic form of Cyclostoma. HELIX.—Puate LXXXVII. Species 473. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLIx UNGULINA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, utrinque concavd, lenuiculd, striatd, rufa ; spird pro- Sunde immersa ; anfractibus quingue ad sez, convezis, angustis, ultimo magno, inflato, antice descendente, basi circa umbilicum infundibuliformem excavato ; apertura subverticali, lunari; peristomate simplici, margine dextro expanso, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato. THE GREAT NAIL HELrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, concave on both sides, rather thin, striated, red ; spire deeply immersed ; whorls five to six, convex, narrow, the last large, inflated, descending in front, excavated at the base around the funnel-shaped umbi- licus ; aperture subvertical, lunar; lip simple, right margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar dilated. Linna&vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1245. Helix badia, Gmelin. Hab. Sava. Remarkable for its peculiarly swollen discoid growth, which renders the spire deeply immersed. “— Helisc, Pl. LXXXVU. 480. HELIX. Puate LXXXVIII. Species 474. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Nemorensts. el. testa vix umbilicatd, orbiculato- conicd, solidd, nitidd, albd aut flavescente, fasciis cinereo- Suscescentibus circumdatd ; anfractibus sex, via convex- tusculis ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine basali introrsum incrassato, ad co- lumellam reflexiusculo. Tue Grove Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbicu- larly conic, solid, shining, white or yellowish, sur- rounded with ash-brown bands; whorls six, but little convex ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip simple, acute, basal margin thickened inwardly, slightly reflected at the columella. Motter, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluy. in ind. Nanina nemorensis, Gray. Hab. Molucea Islands and New Ireland ; Hinds. The bands have a rusty-brown character towards the apex ; towards the last whorl they are ash-tinted, and — more or less obsolete, from being overlaid with a warm yellowish coating. Species 475. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx trocuus. Hel. testé viv umbilicatd, orbiculato- conicd, solidd, obliqué subirregulariter plicato-striatd, alba, fascia ferrugineo-fuscd interruptd cingulaté ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, labro simplici, introrsum subincras- sato, juxta columellam dilatato, reflexo. » Tue top Heirx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbicularly conic, solid, obliquely rather irregularly plicately striated, white, encircled with an interrupted rust- brown band; whorls five to six, rather convex ; aperture lunar, rounded, lip simple, slightly thick- ened inwardly, dilated and reflected next the colu- mella. Mutter, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluy. vol. ii. p. 79. Hab. Java. This is closely allied to the foregoing, and may prove to be a variety of it. Species 476. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sutpuurea. el. testd vix umbilicatd, abbreviato- conicd, oblique subirregulariter striatd, carulescente- ald, basin versus sulphured, lined cinereo-fusca con- spicuad medio cingulatd, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converiusculis ; apertura lunari-rotun- data; peristomate simplici, introrsum subincrassato, jucta columellam dilatata et reflexd. THE BRIMSTONE Hettx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, shortly conic, obliquely somewhat irregularly striated, bluish-white, brimstone-coloured towards the base, encircled round the middle with a conspicuous ash- brown (line, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, slightly convex ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip simple, a little thickened inwardly, dilated and reflected near the columella. Hab. Java. There is a peculiarity in the more depressed form, and in the band painting of this species, which distinguishes it constantly from its near ally H. nemorensis. Species 477. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix tumens. Jel. testé vix umbilicatd, subdepresso- orbiculari, striis obliquis, ad suturas plicatis, lineisque incisis spiralibus minutis decussata, carneo-alhidd, lined rufa medio cingulatd, apice depresso-obtusd ; anfrac- tibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura lunari- rotundatd ; peristomate simplici, introrsum subincras- sato, juxta columellam paululum reflexo. THE SWOLLEN Heix. Shell searcely umbilicated, rather depressly orbicular, decussated with minute spiral im- pressed lines and oblique striae, which are puckered at the sutures, flesh-white, encircled round the middle with a red line, depressly obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip simple, slightly thickened inwardly, a little re- flected next the columella. Desnares, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 108 C. f. 11, 13. Hab. Moluceas. Of a peculiar livid flesh-tinge towards the apex, encircled round the middle with a red line, which appears above the suture of the spire throughout. Fig. 478. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured represents a variety of H. cifrina (for which see next Plate), proposed by Mr. Shuttleworth April, 1852. . HELIX.—Priare LXXXVIII. to be distinguished as a species, with the name J. vitel- lus. Tt only differs in being rather more than usually globular. Species 479. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Moussoni. Hel. testa anguste umbilicatd, turbi- natd, tenui, carinatd, striis incrementi et lineis confer- tissimis impressis, oblique antrorsum descendentibus, subtilissime decussatd, diaphani, albidd, lined rufa medio cingulatd ; spird conoided, apice obtusiusculd, suturd submarginatd ; anfractibus sex, subplanulatis, ultimo magno, infra lined rufa carinato, basi convexius- culo ; apertura obliqua, subangulato-lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, margine columellari juata columellam breviter reflexo. Movusson’s Hextx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbi- nated, thin, keeled, very finely decussated with strie of growth, and very close-set impressed lines, de- scending obliquely anteriorly, diaphanous, whitish, encircled round the middle with a red line; spire conoid, rather obtuse at the apex, suture slightly margined ; whorls six, rather flattened, the last large, keeled below the red line, rather convex at the base ; aperture oblique, somewhat angularly lunar ; lip sim- ple, columellar margin shortly reflected next the colu- mella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 126. Hab, Java. A light diaphanons shell of a peculiar pagoda-like form, very minutely engraved with close-set wrinkles running in an opposite direction to the strie of growth. Species 480. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Rumen. Hel. testé vir umbilicata, sinistrali, tenuiculd, carinatd, saturate cinnamomed, ad carinam Jascid angustd castaned albimarginatad pictd, superné planiusculd, striata et malleatd, basi subrotundata, striis incrementi lineis spiralibus impressis sub lente minutis- sime decussatis ; anfractibus quinque ad sex ; apertura subrhombed, intus livido-fuscescente ; peristomate sim- plici, columellam versus subreflexo. Rumputus’ Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sinistral, rather thin, keeled, dark cinnamon, painted at the keel with a narrow white-edged chestnut band, rather flattened at the upper part, striated and indented, somewhat rounded at the base, very minutely decus- sated beneath the lens with spiral impressed lines ; whorls five to six; aperture subrhomboid, livid- brown within ; lip simple, slightly reflected towards the columella. Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. pl. 1. f. 2. Hab. Java. A very characteristic, light, reversed species, of a pecu- liar livid cinnamon-colour. Helix’ Pl. TIKIT HELIX. Prate LXXXIX. Species 481. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx avnica. Hel. testd viz umbilicatd, depresso-orbicu- lari, tenuiculd, inflaté, levigatd, varie coloratd et fas- ciatd, coloribus vividis, suturé interdum opaco-albd ; spird depressd, apice plus minus obtusé ; anfractibus quingue, superné plano-declivibus, anfractu ultimo su- perne concavo, lineis perpaucis irregularibus peculiariter inciso, medio obtuse carinato ; aperturd ampld, lunari ; peristomate simplici, jucta columellam breviter reflexo. Tue courr Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, rather thin, inflated, smooth, variously coloured and banded, colours bright, suture sometimes opake white ; spire depressed, more or less obtuse at the apex; whorls five, flatly slanting at the upper part, last whorl concave at the upper part, and pe- culiarly engraved with a few irregular lines, obtusely keeled in the middle; aperture large, lunar; lip simple, shortly reflected next the columella. Preirrer (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Moluceas. Distinguished from H. citrina by its larger size, more depressed spire, and by the slanting concavity of the last whorl, which is further characterized by a few obliquely straggling impressed lines. Species 482. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix crtrima. Hel. vir umbilicatd, convero-orbiculari, levigaté, nitidd, varie coloratd et fasciatd, coloribus vividis, suturd plerumque opaco-alba ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo basi convexo ; apertura subampld, lunari ; peristomate simplici, juxta columellam breviter reflexo. THE LEMON-coLoURED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, con- vexly orbicular, smooth, shining, variously coloured and banded, colours bright, suture generally opake white; spire obtuse; whorls five, convex; aperture rather large, lunar; lip simple, shortly reflected next the columella. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1245. Nanina citrina, Gray. Vitrina citrina, Quoy and Gaimard. Zonites citrina, Swainson. Hab. Molucca Islands. The colouring of this well-known species is extremely variable. In addition to the four varieties here selected for illustration, there are many more, differing more or tess in tint and in the bands. It is constantly distinguished from the preceding species, not having any indication of the slanting concavity, nor of the impressed lines. April, 185% on ou ww Helix, PULXC. 4838. Pe 4E84.a 485. &. 486.6 455.0 48S HELIX. PrLate XC, Species 483. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix pistrtaiis. Hel. testd subumbilicatd, globoso- depress, tenui, fragili, subtilissimé striata, striis con- fertis obsoletis sub lente decussatd, stramineo-corned, lineis rufis approwimatis medio cinctd ; spird via con- vera ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, rapide accre- scentibus ; apertura ampld, lunari-ovali ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari recurvato. Tue two-striatep Herix. Shell slightly umbilicated, zlobosely depressed, thin, fragile, very finely striated, decussated beneath the lens with obsolete close-set striae, straw-horny, encircled round the middle with two approximating red lines; spire but little convex ; whorls four, rather flat, increasing rapidly ; aper- ture large, lunar-oval ; lip simple, columellar edge recurved, Nanina bistrialis, Beck. Ind. p. 2. Helix exilis, Chemnitz (not of Miiller). Helix diaphana, Lea. Hab. Pondicherry, Tranquebar. Of the two characteristic red lines which encircle this shell, the upper one appears in the place of the suture. The lines which are engraved on the upper part of the whorls in a spiral direction are rather distant, and look like faint grooves. Species 484. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Nasas. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso-globosa, tenui, subtilissimeé striatd, sub epidermide decidud lutes- cente hyalind, alba; spird brevi; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo valde inflato ; columella leviter arcuatd ; aperturd parum obliqud, lunato-ovali ; peri- stomate simplici, undique breviter expanso. Tue Nagas Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, thin, very finely striated, hyaline, beneath a deciduous yellowish epidermis; spire short ; whorls four, rather convex, the last much inflated; columella arched ; aperture but little oblique, lunar-oval ; lip simple, shortly expanded throughout. Preterer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 71. Hab, Java. A very delicate swollen hyaline shell, partially covered with a thin yellowish-horny epidermis. Fig. 485 a, 6. (Mus. Cuming.) These are two varieties of H. citrina, which have very much the appearance of being a distinct species. They are more globose in form; and there is a peculiarity in the bright carnelion-red colouring of the apex. Species 486. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex wauata. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, subglobosa, subhyalind, solidd, levigatd, vivide cerulescente-viridi, basi et apice albicantibus; spird obtusd; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis; apertura subquadrato-lunaré ; peristomate simplici, juxta columellam breviter reflexo. THE BLUE-GREEN Hextx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, somewhat globose, subhyaline, solid, smooth, bright blue-green, whitish at the base and apex ; spire ob- tuse ; whoils five to six, convex ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip simple, shortly reflected next the columella. Mousson, Land. und Suss. Moll. Java, p. 112. pl. 21. f. 2. Hab, Sava. A shell of simple structure, distinguished by a peculiarly delicate verdigris-colour. Species 487. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx puatystyLa. Hel. testd imperforatd, conica, solida, costulato-striatd, albidd, lined rufa ad suturam ornata ; spird conicd, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex, convexius- culis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo obsoleld angulato, basi subplano ; apertura obliqua, late lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, marginibus subremotis, dextro breviter expanso, columellari perdilatato, calloso. THE THICK-PILLAR Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conic, solid, rib-like striated, whitish, ornamented at the suture with a red line; spire conic, rather sharp ; whorls six, rather convex, increasing gradually, the last obsoletely angled, rather flat at the base; aper- ture oblique, broadly-lunar ; lip simple, margins rather distant, right margin shortly expanded, colu- mellar margin very much dilated and callous. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 130. Hab. Molucca Islands ? The shell here figured, the specimen described by Dr. Pfeiffer, is not in good condition. In a finer state it April, 1852. = HELIX.—Puare XC. doubtless presents colours of which there is here little or globose, solid, strongly wave-ribbed, bluish and red- Species 488. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix papriua. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicatd, ovato- globosi, solidd, validé undulato-costatd, superne cerules- cente et rufo variegatd, costis albis, basi albida ; spird elatd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convex- iusculis, ultimo obtuse angulato, anticé deflexo; apertura perobliqud, transverse oblonga, intus lividd; peristomate incrassato, late reflexo, marginibus callo continuo, pro- minente, umbilicum plus minus tegente, junctis, supero sinuoso, basali obsolete dentato. Tue par Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, ovately no indication. variegated above, ribs white, and whitish below ; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last obtusely angled, deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, transversely oblong, livid; lip thickened, broadly reflected, margins joined by a prominent continuous callosity, more or less covering the umbilicus, upper margin sinuous, basal margins obsoletely toothed. Muuer, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluv. vol. ii. p. 100. Trochus papilla, Chemnitz. Hab. Islands of the Australian Archipelago ; Beck. This fine species is well characterized by the undulating character of the ribs, with which the aperture is conform- able. Helix’, PLXCTI . 4839. eS a — ON <=. oe 4G GR 493.6 4G3.a 696 HELIX. Priate XCI. Species 489. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Harrmanni. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depress, sub- discoided, acuté carinatd, arcuatim distincté striatd, fusca; spird via elatd; suturd lineari; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo non descendente, basi convexis ; umbilico magno, perspectivo ; apertura depressd, secu- riformi; peristomate recto, margine supero simplici, antrorsum arcuato, basali subincrassato. HartrMann’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, some- what discoid, sharply keeled, distinctly arcuately striated, brown; spire scarcely raised ; suture linear ; whorls six, rather flattened, the last not descending, convex at the base; umbilicus large, perspective ; aperture depressed, wedge-shaped ; lip straight, upper margin simple, arched in front, basal margin some- what thickened. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 125. Hab. Java. Extremely flatly depressed, with a very sharp keel and broad open perspective umbilicus. Species 490. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx conus. Hel. testd imperforatd, conicd, trochiformi, basi acute carinatd, levi, fulvd, carind albida, utrinque cingulo angusto rufo-marginaté ; spird elatd, apice acuta ; anfractibus octo, planis, ultimo basi planiusculo, medio impresso ; apertura depressd, oblique quadran- gulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columel- lari perobliquo, subincrassato. Tue cone Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conic, trochus- shaped, sharply keeled at the base, smooth, fulvous, keel white, margined on either side with a narrow red band; spire raised, sharp at the apex; whorls eight, flat, the last rather flat at the base, impressed in the middle; aperture depressed, obliquely qua- drangular ; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge very oblique, rather thickened. Putuipri, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. pl. 1.f. 6. Hab. Java. A very characteristic trochus-shaped shell, curiously marked with a dark red-brown band above and below the keel, which is white, the rest of the shell being of a warm orange-red colour. Species 491. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Wintertana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depress, supernd conveiusculd, pallide corned, nitiduld, obsolete carinatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ul- limo descendente ; umbilico lato, pervio ; apertura sub- circulari ; peristomate tenui, simplici, margine basali subreflexo. Wiyter’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather convex at the upper part, pale horny, shining, ob- soletely keeled; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last descending ; umbilicus broad, open; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, simple, basal margin a little re- flected. PreiFFER, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 41. Hab. Sava. A small horny species of the same peculiar widely con- voluted type as H. Chinensis. Species 492. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex raricurrata. Hel. testd vie umbilicatd, turbi- natd, tenui, inflata, cinered, apicem versus purpuras- cente, obliqué arcuatim striata, striis ad suturas tenui- plicatis; spird brevi, apice suboblusd; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE RARE-SPOTTED HeLrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, turbinated, thin, inflated, pale ash, purplish towards the apex, obliquely arcuately striated, strie finely plicated at the sutures; spire short, rather obtuse at the apex ; whorls five, rather convex ; aperture lunar- circular; lip simple, acute. Movsson, Land. und Suss. Moll. Java, p. 112. pl. 21. f. 3. Hab. Java. A light inflated species, so tinged with purple in the interior towards the apex as to show through the shell in faint promiscuous blotches. Species 493. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx pruevus. Hel. testd obtect2 umbilicaté, coniformi, levigatd, alba, rufo-castaneo varid fasciata; spird elongata, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo obsoleté angulato, basi planulato, castaneo ; co- lumellé brevi, obliqud ; apertura lunato-ovali ; pert- stomate simplici, late expanso, albo, margine supero antrorsum subarcuato, basali reflero, columellari dila- tato, reflexo, umbilicum fere occultante. Tue cap Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, coni- form, smooth, white, variously banded with reddish- April, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate XCI. chestnut ; spire elongated, rather sharp; whorls six, rather flattened, the last obsoletely angled, flat at the base, chestnut ; columella short, oblique; aper- ture lunar-oval; lip simple, broadly expanded, white, upper margin slightly arched in front, basal reflected, columellar margin dilated and reflected, almost con- cealing the umbilicus. Mutuer, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluv. vol. ii. p. 80. Helix pileata, Gmelin. Trochus pileus, Chemnitz. Geotrochus pileus, Swainson. Hab. Amboyna; Hinds. This well-known erectly-conical species varies more or less in the chestnut-banded painting, but is constant in form. Species 494. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Janus. Hel. testd umbilicatd, sinistrali, orbicu- lari, tenui, diaphand, obliqué regulariter et confertim costulato-striatd, superne fusca, basi convead, rufo-cas- taned, nitidiusculé ; spird late conoideo-depressd ; an- fractibus septem, planulatis, ultimo carinato ; aperturd lunari; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine columellari refleciusculo. Tae Janus Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, sinistral, orbicu- lar, thin, diaphanous, obliquely regularly and closely finely rib-like striated, brown at the upper part, base convex, reddish-chestnut, shining; spire broadly conoidly depressed; whorls seven, rather flattened, the last keeled; aperture lunar; lip thin, sharp, co- lumellar margin slightly reflected. Helix Janus bifrons, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 307. pl. 213. f. 3016-17. Helix Mackensiana, Souleyet. Helix Balesteriana, Lea. Hab. Mount Ophir, Malacca. A sinistral shell, of a warm reddish-chestnut colour, with the upper surface beautifully finely rib-like striated. Species 495. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Srepoup1ana. Wel. testa vie umbilicatd, turbinatd, tenui, semipellucidd, inflata, oblique rude striatd, cor- neo-albd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, rotundatis ; aper- turd circulari; peristomate tenui, acuto, juxta colu- mellam breviter dilatato et reflexo, umbilicum occul- tante. Siepoup’s Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, turbinated, thin, semitransparent, obliquely rudely striated, horny-white; whorls five to six, rounded ; aperture circular; lip thin, sharp, shortly dilated and reflected next the columella, concealing the umbilicus. Prevrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850. p. 87. Hab, Japan. a A thin inflated roughly striated shell, partaking of the typical form of Paludina. Species 496. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Japonica. Hel. testé umbilicatd, trochiformi, tenui, plicato-striatd, interstitiis minute impresso-linea- tis, epidermide corneo-stramined indutd ; spird convexo- conoided, apice obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, subplanis, ultimo carinato, anticé vix descendente, basi vix convexo, jurta umbilicum angustum percium compresso ; apertura obliqud, sinuato-lunari ; peristo- mate tenui, breviter expanso, margine dextro arcuato, basali strictiusculo. Tue Japan Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, trochus-shaped, thin, plicately striated, the interstices being minutely impressly lineated, covered with a horny-straw epi- dermis ; spire convexly conoid, rather obtuse at the apex ; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last keeled, descending in front, slightly convex at the base, compressed next the umbilicus, which is narrow and open; aperture oblique, sinuately lunar; lip thin, shortly expanded, right margin arched, basal margin rather drawn out. PreirreEr, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847. p. 146. Hab. Japan. A light horny trochus-shaped shell, covered with a delicate deciduous epidermis, beneath which the inter- stices between the plicated stri of the shell are spirally minutely impressly lineated. Species 497. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix conrormis. Hel. testa imperforatd, compressé, carinatd, minuté striata, alba, diaphand, epidermide tenui corned stramined indutd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo magno, dilatato; aperturd magnd ; peristomate reflexo, angusto, latere columellari de- presso, recto. THE CONFORMABLE Hetrx. Shell imperforated, com- pressed, keeled, minutely striated, white, diaphanous, covered with a thin horny straw-coloured epidermis ; whorls three to four, the last large, dilated; aperture large; lip reflected, narrow, columellar side de- pressed, straight. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 25 A. f. 10. Hab. Timor. Very thin and of very transparent substance, but firm, covered with an extremely delicate shining horny epi- dermis. Helix, Pl. XCH HELIX. Puate XCII. Species 498. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx tortivasia. el. testd umbilicatd, suborbiculari, discoided, flavido-albd, unicolore vel fulvo-fasciata, apice et peristomate interdum rosaceis ; spird pland ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo sub- depresso, antice parum deflexo, superne gibboso-cristato, inferné constricto ; umbilico mediocri ; apertura per- obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate reflexo, mar- ginibus conniventibus. Tue twistED Lip Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, suborbi- cular, discoid, yellowish-white or fulvous-banded, lip and apex sometimes pink; spire flat; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last somewhat depressed, but little deflected in front, gibbously crested at the upper part, drawn in at the lower; umbilicus middling ; aperture very oblique, rotundately lunar ; lip reflected, margins approximating. Lesson, Zool. Voy. de la Coquille, p. 311. pl. 13. f. 1. Eadem var. Helix torticollis, Le Guillou. Hab. New Guinea; Lesson. Amboyna; Cuming. Curiously distinguished by a constriction of the lip, which throws up a swollen gibbous crest behind it. Species 499. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix zepra. Hel. testd umbilicaté, suborbiculari, dis- coided, albidd, aurantio-fusco undato-strigatd, circa umbilicum immaculatd ; spird concavo-impressd ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo gibboso, basi subcompresso ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate late reflexo, marginibus conniventibus. Tae zeBRA Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, nearly orbicular, discoid, whitish, wave-streaked with orange-brown, unspotted around the umbilicus; spire concavely impressed; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last gibbous, rather compressed at the base ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip broadly reflected, margins ap- proximating. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850. p. 83. Hab. Moluccas. Of a contracted, gibbous growth, painted throughout, except round the umbilicus, with close orange-brown waved streaks. Species 500. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix covuser. Hel. testa umbilicaté, orbiculato-de- pressd, glabra, albidd, maculis corneis seriatis ornaté ; spird pland, medio subimmersd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, rapide accrescentilus, ultimo lato, depresso, costulato-striato, ad peripheriam et subtus rufo-conato ; ared columellari dilatatd, pallid2 corneo- zonatd, ad aperturam supernd sulcato, basi constricto, antice deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lunari-ellipticé ; peristomate acuto, late expanso, reflero, margine basali obsoleté unidentato. THE sNAKE Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, smooth, whitish, ornamented with rows of horny spots ; spire flat, slightly immersed in the mid- dle; whorls four to five, rather flat, increasing ra- pidly, the last broad, depressed, rib-like striated, red- zoned at and beneath the periphery ; columellar area dilated, faintly horny-zoned, grooved at the upper part next the aperture, constricted at the base, de- flected in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-elliptic ; lip acute, broadly expanded and reflected, basal mar- gin obsoletely one-toothed. Planispira coluber, Beck, Index, p. 30. Helix zonaria, var., Chemnitz. Hab. Sava. Distinguished by its broad flattened dilated growth, and faint semi-transparent horny zones round the umbilicus. The upper part of the shell is encircled by simple bands, with, in some varieties, a row of arrow-headed spots next the suture. Species 501. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Exceptiuncuta. Hel. testa obtectd perforata, de- presso-globosd, glabra, alba, fasciis rufis et nigricanti- bus varie cingulatd ; spird subelevatd, apice depressa, pland ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ullimo anticé in- flato, ad aperturam perobliquam lunato-rotundatam subconstricto ; peristomate albo, tenui, late reflexo, marginibus conniventibus, columellari intus dente pro- minente instructo. THe LITTLE EXCEPTION HeLIx. umbilicus, depressly globose, smooth, white, variously encircled with red and blackish bands; spire rather elevated, depressed and flat at the apex ; whorls five, convex, the last inflated in front, rather constricted Shell with a covered April, 1852. HELIX.—Prare XCII. at the aperture, which is very oblique and lunar-roun- ded; lip white, thin, broadly reflected, margins ap- proximating, columellar margin furnished with a pro- minent tooth, Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 70. f.1, and pl. 73 A. f. 1. Eadem var. Helix Thetis, Pfeiffer. Hab. ? A solid ivory-white shell, encircled with black-brown bands or lines, and an upper light reddish band. Dr. Pfeiffer’s H. Thetis is a specimen with the umbilicus rather less covered over. Species 502. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx cornicuLum. Hel. testé@ umbilicatd, depresso-orbi- culari, pellucido-albd, cond intense fusca, apicem versus purpurascente tinctd, cingulatd ; spird convexd, apice subimpressa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, plano- convexis, ultimo basi pone labrum constricto ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, expanso, parum reflexo. THE LITTLE HORN Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, transparent white, encircled with a dark brown zone, which is stained towards the apex with light purple; spire convex, rather impressed at the apex; whorls four to five, flatly convex, the last con- stricted at the base behind the lip; aperture nearly circular ; lip thin, expanded, but little reflected. Pperrrer (Mus. Cuming). Hab. ? This species is about intermediate in its characters be- tween ZH. coluber and tortilabia. Species 503. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexurx zonarta. Hel. testd umbilicala, orbiculato-de- press, glabra, tenuissimé striata, albidd, fusco, rufo et livido varie zonaté et nubeculatd ; spird plana, medio paululum immersé ; anfractibus quingue, superné pla- niusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo descendente, de- presso, basi subplanulato, juxta umbilicum angustum cylindricum scrobiculato ; apertura perobliqud, ovali ; peristomate acuto, margine supero expanso, in medio impresso, basi reflexo, juxta columellam obtuse dentato. THE GrrDLED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, smooth, very finely striated, whitish, variously zoned or clouded with brown-red and livid bands ; spire flat, a little immersed in the middle; whorls five, rather flat at the upper part, increasing rapidly, the last descending, depressed, rather flat at the base, scooped out next the narrow cylindrical umbilicus ; aperture very oblique, oval; lip acute, upper margin expanded, impressed in*the middle, reflected at the base, obtusely toothed next the columella. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1245. Jfab. Molucea Islands. This shell, which is regarded as the Linnean type of the group, is of rather a solid contracted growth, variously marked with livid bands and lines. Helzx, Pt. XCM. 504.a BY} 504.6 HELIX. Puate XCITII. Species 504. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Coprineton1. Hel. testd obtecte umbilicata, sub- depressd, solidd, striata, fusco-corneo et albido irre- gulariter strigatd et marmoratd ; spird depresso-co- noided ; anfractibus quinque, convewiusculis, ultimo lined obsoletaé alba cingulato; apertura perobliqua, semiovali, intus nitidissimd ; peristomate acuto, intus albo-labiato, margine columellari breviter arcuato, ba- sali dilatato, prope columellam incrassato. CoprinGton’s Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, rather depressed, solid, striated, irregularly streaked and marbled with brown-horn and white; spire de- pressly conoid; whorls five, rather convex, the last encircled with an obsolete white line ; aperture very oblique, semioval, very shining within; lip sharp, white-edged within, columellar margin shortly arched, basal margin broadly dilated, thickened near the columella. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 67. Helix Ferussaci, Christofori and Jan. Helix spiriplana, Deshayes. Helix vermiculata, var., Cantraine. Hah. Greece. The umbilicus of this species is usually covered over by a broad callous enlargement of the columellar edge of the lip, which below this is prolonged into an oblong tooth. Species 505. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Atonensis. Hel. testdé oblecte umbilicata, de- presso-globosd, solidiusculd, albidd, varie fusco fasciatd vel marmorata, striis irregularibus lineisque spiralibus subtiliter decussatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo magnu, tumido, antice breviter deflexo ; aperturé ampld, rotundato-lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, intus albo-sublabiato, marginibus sub- conniventibus, supero et basali vix expansis, columellari late reflexo, appresso. Ture Aton Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressly globose, rather solid, white, variously banded and marbled with brown, finely decussated with irregular strie and spiral lines; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last large, swollen, shortly de- flected in front; aperture large, rotundately lunar ; lip simple, white-edged within, margins rather ap- proximating, upper and basal margins but little ex- panded, columellar margin broadly reflected, ap- pressed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 39. f. 1-9. pl. 39 B. f. 8. Hab. Spain. In the variety of this species selected for illustration, the bands are somewhat obscured on a cream-coloured ground, and there are a few black dots sprinkled over the base of the shell. Species 506. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Hispanica. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressa, fusculo-albida, fusculo variegataé albidogue ma- culata, castaneo quinque-fasciatd ; anfractibus quinque, celeriter accrescentilus, planulatis ; apertura perobli- qua, late rotundato-lunari ; peristomate hepatico, subla- biato, margine exteriore reflexiusculo, interiore calloso. Tue Spanish Hewix. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, brownish-white, variegated with light brown and white-spotted, encircled with five chest- nut bands; whorls five, increasing rapidly, rather flat; aperture very oblique, broadly rotundately lunar ; lip liver-coloured, outer margin slightly re- flected, callous within. Partscu, Mus. Ciesar. Vindobonensis; Rossmasler, Hist Moll. p. 15. f. 460. Hab. Spain. Of a greyish speckled ground, prettily painted with interrupted chestnut bands. Species 507. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Povzouzt. Hel. testa apertd wmbilicata, orbicu- lato-convexiusculd, striata, superne spiraliter lineata, saturatd olivaced, obscure fusco-trizond ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis, ultimo anticd deflexo ; apertura late lunari ; peristomate reflexo, incrassato, albido vel sor- didé carneo. Povzouz’ Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicularly rather convex, striated, spirally lineated at the upper part, dark olive, faintly three-banded with brown ; whorls six, rounded, the last deflected in front; aper- ture broadly lunar; lip reflected, thickened, whitish or dark flesh-tinged. April, 1852. HELIX.—P arte XCIT1. Desnayes, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1831. Moll. pl. 30. Helix Varronis, Cantraine. Hab. Corsica; Pouzolz. Albania and Montenegro. Sometimes the bands are almost obsolete in this species. Species 508. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx TRIZONA. Hel. testé apertée umbilicata, orbiculato- convexiusculd, lutescente-albidd, castaneo-trizonatd, epi- dermide olivaced indutd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, subplanulatis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; aperturd perob- liquad, rotundato-ovali ; peristomate subsimplici, mar- ginibus conniventibus, supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato. THE THREE-ZONED Hextx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicularly rather convex, yellowish-white, three- banded with chestnut, covered with an olive epider- mis; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last deflected in front; aperture very oblique, rotundately oval ; lip nearly simple, margins approximating, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar dilated. ZIEGLER, Rossmasler, Hist. Moll. vol. ii. p. 1. f. 87. Helix zonata, var., Férussac. Testa minor, Helix Rumelica, Ziegler. Hab. Mehadia ; Turkey. This differs little from the preceding species, except in having a more perspective wnbilicus. Species 509. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix GrisEa. Hel. testd obtecte perforata, subglobosa, solidiusculd, striis incrementi rugosis lineisque im- pressis confertissimis subdecussatd, fusco-grised, fascia latissima castaned vel sordide fuscd supra peripheriam et duabus pallidioribus ad basin cinctd ; spira brevi, conicd ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo magno, ventroso ; apertura ovato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, intus li- vido-purpurascente, margine columellari obliquo, dila- tato, subincrassato, castaneo tincto. Tue Grey Hewrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, sub- globose, rather solid, very closely decussated with rough lines of growth and very close-set impressed lines, brown-grey, encircled with a very broad chest- nut or dark brown band above the periphery, and two paler bands below it; spire short, conical ; whorls five, the last large, ventricose ; aperture ovately lunar; lip simple, livid purplish within, columellar margin oblique, dilated, rather thickened, stained with dark chestnut. Linn vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 693. Helix cincta, Miller. Helix lemniscata, Brumati. Helix obtusata, Ziegler. Helix Philibinensis, Frivaldsky. Helix vulgaris, Parreyss. Hab. South of France, Italy, ete. Allied in form, and somewhat in marking, to our well- known H. pomatia. Helix, Fl. X CIV. 510. 5717.6 15 BELIX. Puate XCIV. Species 510. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Gussonrana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, conico-glo- bosd, solidd, distincte minutissimé reticulata, fulves- cente-albidd, fasciis castaneo-rufis ornatd ; spira ele- catd, conoided ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo vie descendente ; columellé arcuatd ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari, intus nitidd ; peristomate subsimplici, margine dextro vix expansiusculo, columellari dilatato, refleco, umbilicum fere tegente. Gusson’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conically globose, solid, distinctly very minutely reticulated, fulvous white, ornamented with five chestnut-red bands ; spire raised, conoid; whorls five, convex, the last searcely descending; columella arched; aperture rotundately lunar, shining within ; lip rather simple, right margin but little expanded, columellar margin dilated, reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. SuurrLewortH, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 71. Hab. Vicinity of Naples. The bands of this species are of irregular width, irregu- larly spaced, and sometimes partially interrupted. Species 511. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Mazzuuii. Hel. obtecte umbilicatd, gloloso-co- nici, tenui, costulato-rugosd, pallide fulvescente, nigri- cante-fusco interdum quinquefasciatd ; spird conicd, acutiuscula ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ra- pide accrescentibus, ultimo magno, inflato ; aperturd ampld, fere circulari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus callo tenui nitido junctis, supero patulo, basali reflexo. Mazzuiui’s Herix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globosely conic, thin, finely rib-like wrinkled, light fulvous, sometimes encircled with five blackish-brown bands ; spire conic, rather sharp ; whorls four, slightly convex, increasing rapidly, the last large, inflated ; aperture large, almost circular; lip simple, margins joined by a thin shining callosity, upper margin spreading, basal reflected. Jan, Mantissa, p.1; Philippi, Enum. Moll. p. 126. pl. 8. f. 8. Helix crispata, Costa. Helix ritirugis, Cautraine. Hab. Sicily, on the mountains round Palermo. This species is closely allied, in respect both of form and painting, to our common J. aspersa, but differs in being of lighter structure, and in having the surface covered with fine close-set rib-like stria. Species 512. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LucoruM. Hel. testd subobtect2 umbilicatd, glo- bosd, substriatd, lineis minutissimis subdecussatd, cas- taneo late fasciaté et remotd strigatd ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, antic? breviter descendente ; apertura lunato-rotundaté, intus nitidé ; peristomate obtusato, simplici, fusco, marginihus callo tenuissimo junctis, columellari dilatato, late reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente, basali strictiusculo, subcalloso. Tue HELIX oF THE Woops. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, globose, finely striated, slightly decussated with minute lines, broadly banded and remotely streaked with chestnut; whorls five, rather convex, the last inflated, shortly descending in front ; aper- ture lunar-rounded, shining within ; lip obtuse, sim- ple, brown, margins joined by a very thin callosity, columellar margin dilated, broadly reflected, almost covering the umbilicus, basal margin rather drawn out and somewhat callous. Linnxus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1247. Helix mutata, Lamarck. Hab. Italy, Turkey, Syria. This is the largest species inhabiting Europe. It is mostly of a dark mottled chestnut within and without, encircled by a narrow light band. Species 513. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex aspersa. Jel. testd imperforatd, conoideo-globosa, ruguloso-matleata, tenui, griseo-lutescente, fasciis cartis castaneis flammulisque flavidis ornaté ; spird brevi, conoided ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo ventroso, anticd subitd deflero; columella obliqua, leviter arcuatd, alba ; aperturd lunato-ovali ; peristo- mate acuto, expanso, breviler reflero, marginihus con- niventibus, columellari dilatato. THE SPRINKLED Hextx. Shell imperforated, conoidly globose, finely roughly indented, thin, greyish-yellow, ornamented with various chestnut bands and yellow flames; spire short, conoid; whorls four, slightly convex, the last ventricose, suddenly deflected in April, 1852. HELIX.—Puare XCIV. front; columella oblique, slightly arched, white ; aperture lunar-oval ; lip sharp, expanded, shortly reflected, margins approximating, columellar margin dilated. Muuier, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluv. vol. ii. p. 59. Helix grisea, Linnzeus. Helix variegata, Gmelin. Helix hortensis, Pennant. Hab. Britain, Southern Europe, the Azores, &e. The common snail of our gardens, distributed over the whole of Southern Europe, and into some of the islands and countries beyond, is characterized by a peculiar finely wrinkled indented surface, encircled with flame-mark bands. Species 514. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Rasparmi. Hel. testd obtect? perforata, orbicu- lato-depressd, fusco-luted, rufo-trizond, striatd, solidi- usculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, ultimo antic? subdeflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lunato- ovali ; peristomate fusco, margine supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari valde dilatato. Raspar~ur’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly depressed, brownish-yellow, encircled with three red bands, striated, rather solid; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last slightly deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval; lip brown, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar much dilated. PayraupgEav, Cat. Moll. de Corse, p. 102. pl. 5. f. 7, 8. Hab. Corsica. Of a more depressly orbicular solid structure than the general European form of Heliz. Species 515. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Licata. Hel. testd imperforata, turbinato-globosa, striatd, lineis spiralibus interdum obsolet? decussatd, fusco-albidé, fasciis angustis, subequalibus, interdum confluentibus, spadiceis ornata ; spird elecata ; anfrac- tibus quatuor, conveviusculis, ultimo inflato, vir de- scendente ; columella obliqud, strictiusculd, carned ; apertura lunato-rotundatd ; peristomate breviter ex- panso, margine columellari dilatato, diffuso-calloso. Tue pound Hetrx. Shell imperforated, turbinately globose, striated, sometimes obsoletely decussated with spiral lines, brownish-white, ornamented with five narrow nearly equal fawn bands, sometimes flow- ing together; spire raised; whorls four, rather con- vex, the last inflated, scarcely descending ; columella oblique, rather drawn out, flesh-tinged; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip shortly expanded, columellar margin dilated, diffusely callous. Mutter, Verm. Hist. terr. et fluy. vol. ii. p. 58. Helix cincta, Kuster. Helix albescens, Jan. Hab. Italy, Sicily, Turkey, &e. A large inflated species, with the bands somewhat in- terrupted. Helix, PLXCV HELIX. PiaTe XCV. Species 516. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex ricuLina. lel. testé subobtecté umbilicatd, conico- globosd, tenui, ventricosd, rugulosd, sordid albidd, fasciis fusculis interruptis quinque cingulata ; anfrac- tibus quatuor, vie converiusculis ; aperturd acute ovato- lunari; peristomate recto, subincrassato, albido, margine columellari arcuato, dilatato, subappresso, reflexo. Tue porrer’s Hevix. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, conically globose, thin, ventricose, rugulose, dull white, encircled with five interrupted light brown bands; whorls four, rather convex ; aperture sharply ovately lunar ; lip straight, slightly thickened, whitish, columellar margin arched, dilated, rather appressly reflected. Parreyss, Rossmasler, Hist. Moll. terr. et fluv. vol. ix. p. 9. f. 580. Helix ligata, var., Férussac. Hab. Dalmatia, Greece, ete. The rugulose striae are finely plicately puckered next the sutures. Species 517. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Nicrensis. Hel. testé subobtecté umbilicata, glo- boso-depressa, striata, albidd, nigro-fusco maculose fas- ciatd ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo ; aperturé transverse lunato-ovali, intus lilaci- na ; peristomate intus lilacino-labiato, margine supero patulo, basali appresse dilatato. Tur Nice Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, globosely depressed, striated, whitish, encircled with five black-brown spotted bands; whorls five, rather flat, the last deflected in front ; aperture trans- versely lunar-oval, lilac within ; lip lilac-edged, upper margin effuse, basal margin appressly dilated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 39 A. f. 1. and pl. 40. f. 9. Hab. Nice. A pretty depressly globose species, encircled with five interrupted black-brown blotchy bands, tinged with lilac at the aperture. Fig. 518. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is the variety of Sp. 506, H. His- panica, named by Ziegler H. Balearica. Species 519. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Tavurica. Hel. testé obtecté umbilicald, globosa, ventrosd, obliqué striatd, lineis impressis concentricis obsolete decussatd, lutescente-alhidd, strigis ustulato- fuscis irregulariter radiatd ; spird conoided ; anfrac- tibus quinque, convexiusculis, medio subfasciatis, ultimo magno; apertura ampld, rotundato-lunata ; peristo- mate subsimplici, hepatico, margine columellari perdi- latato, fornicatim reflexo. Tue Datmatian Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbili- cus, globose, ventricose, obliquely striated, obsoletely decussated with concentric impressed lines, yellow- ish-white, irregularly rayed with burnt-brown streaks ; spire conoid; whorls five, rather convex, faintly banded round the middle, last whorl large ; aperture large, rotundately lunar; lip nearly simple, liver- coloured, columellar margin much dilated, reflected in an arched manner. Krynickt, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Moscow, vol. vi. p. 423. pl. 9. elix radiosa, Ziegler. Hab. Dalmatia, Georgia. A large light inflated species, closely allied to 17. /ucorum. Species 520. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix LuTescens. Jel. testa obtect2 umbilicatd, turbina- to-globosd, striatuld, albo-lutescente, rard dilute fusculo- fascial ; spird brevi, conoided, apice obtusd ; anfrac- tibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, descendente ; columella subverticali, leviter arcuatd, alba ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, intus alba ; peristomate breviter ex- panso, margine columellari superné dilatato, fornicato- reflexo. THe YELLOWISH HELIX. turbinately globose, finely striated, whitish-yellow, sometimes faintly banded with pale brown; spire short, conoid, obtuse at the apex ; whorls four, rather convex, the last inflated, descending ; columella nearly vertical, slightly arched, white; aperture lunately rounded, white within; lip shortly expanded, colu- mellar margin dilated at the upper part, reflected in an arched manner. ZreEGLER, Rossmasler, Hist. Moll. terr. et fluv. vol. v. p. +. f. 292. Hab. Gallicia. Shell with a covered umbilicus, May, 1852. HELIX.—Puate XCV. Intermediate in its general aspect between H. pomatia Species 522. (Mus. Cuming.) and figulina, but of more solid growth than either. Henix romania. Hel. testd semioblect®? umbilicaté, glo- bosi, rugoso-striatd, lineis confertis concentricis magis Species 521. (Mus. Cuming.) minusve decussatd, rufescente vel flavescente, fasciis Suscis obsoletis notatd ; anfractibus quinque, converius- culis, ultimo magno, subcompresso ; columella arcuata; apertura ampld, lunato-ovali, intus nitidd ; peristomate patulo, subincrassato, margine columellari dilatato, re- flexo, carneo vel fuscescente. | Tue appLe Hexix. Shell with a half-covered umbilicus, globose, rugosely striated, decussated with close-set lines, which are more or less concentric, reddish or yellowish, marked with obsolete brown bands; whorls five, rather convex, the last large, somewhat com- scurely banded, plicately striated; whorls four, con- — acaan penn pee Sie large, po vex, the last inflated, deflected in front; columella | oval, shining within; lip patulate, rather thickened, oblique, rather drawn out; aperture large, lunar- columellar margin dilated, reflected, flesh-tinged or ’ ? oY | Ey brownish. rounded, flesh-tinted and shining within; body- | ny ae ne iBeh ot i whorl blackish-chestnnt® lip blackish-chestnutwithin, | 1"*08: Syst. Nat. (12th e it). p, ESAs : : 2 : Pomaria antiquorum, Leach. straight, thickened, right margin rounded, columellar mae margin dilated, diffused, a little reflected at the base. ee ee ae! . < Helix pomaria and scalaris, Miller. DraparnauD, Hist. Moll. p. 91. pl. 5. f. 25. | Hab. E d the British Tel Hah. Southern Europe. Nubia; Ehrenberg. BY. EOTODE SRG e ne A light, globosely inflated, flesh-tinged or greyish In this well-known species there is little variation in species, distinguished by a layer of dark blackish-chestnut form, colour, or marking, notwithstanding its wide area of colouring on the body-whorl and within the lip. It is | distribution. probably only a variety of the Linnean H. grisea. HeLix MELANosToMA. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicatd, globosd, ventrosd, cinereo-carned, subfasciata, plicato- striata ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo inflato, antice defleco ; columella obliqua, strictiuscula ; aper- turd ampld, lunato-rotundaté, intus carned, nitidd ; fauce nigricante-castaned ; peristomate intus nigricante- castaneo, recto, subincrassato, margine dextro rotundato, columellari dilatato, diffuso, basali subreflexo. Tue BLAcK-mourH Hexrx. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, globose, ventricose, ashy flesh-colour, ob- . PAL s 2) ~\ Aelia, Pl. XCVT. HEOTX, Piate XCVI. Species 523. (Mus. Belcher.) Herx conorpauis. Hel. testd suboblecte umbilicatd, or- biculato-conoided, superné elevatd, basi convexd, radia- tim striata, pallidé rufescente; anfractibus quinque, superne marginatis, reticulato-striatis aut corrugatis, rufo-violascentibus, ultimo fascia angusté castaned circumdato; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, vix incrassato. THE conorpaL Hetrx. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, orbicularly conoid, raised at the upper part, convex at the base, radiately striated, pale reddish ; whorls five, margined at the upper edge, reticulately striated or wrinkled, reddish-violet, the last encircled by a narrow chestnut band ; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip simple, searcely thickened. Apams and Reserve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 63, pl. 16. f. 11. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Belcher. “A light purplish-red shell, with a central band, the lip simple, and umbilicus nearly covered. Species 524. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) Heuix Taytortana. Hel. testé imperforatd, conicd, Trochiformi, levi, subpellucidd, basi acute carinaté, fulvd, ad apicem carneold et reticulaté, maculis pel- lucidis fuscis sparsd, obliqué striatd et transversim subtilissimé rugulosd ; spird acuta; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, ultimo basi convewiusculo, fulvo, circa re- gionem columellarem carneolo ; apertura triangulari, antice valde productéd et coarctatd ; peristomate atro- purpureo, incrassato, reflexo. Taytor’s Heurx. Shell imperforated, conic, Trochus- shaped, smooth, rather transparent, sharply keeled at the base, fulvous, flesh-tinged and reticulated at the apex, sprinkled with pellucid brown spots, obliquely striated and transversely very finely wrinkled ; spire sharp; whorls five to six, the last rather convex at the base, fulvous, flesh-tinged about the region of the columella ; aperture triangular, very much produced and contracted in front ; lip black-purple, thickened, reflected. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59. pl. 15. f. 2. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, with a peculiar spouted angular lip, collected by Captain Sir Edward Belcher in one of the Eastern Islands, during the surveying expedi- tion of the Samarang, unique in the collection of Thomas Lombe Taylor, Esq., in honour of whom it is named. Species 525. (Mus. Belcher.) HELIX caLIGINosa. Hel. testé umbilicatd, subglobosa, strigis obliquis elevatiusculis concentric notatd, supern® lutescente-albd ; anfractibus sex, ultimo spadiceo-fusco, Jascid angustd rufa circumdatd ; aperturd depresso- lunatd ; peristomate reflexo. Tae Dim Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globose, marked concentrically with slightly raised oblique streaks, yellowish-white at the upper part; whorls six, the last fawn-brown, surrounded by a narrow red band ; aperture depressly lunar ; lip reflected. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 62. pl. 16. f. 6. A characteristic new species, belonging to the group of which ZZ. ungulina is the type. Species 526. (Mus. Dennison.) HELIX REGALIS. Tel. testd umbilicald, sinistrali, subdis- coided, acuté carinatd, superné depressd, suturd indis- tinctd, anfractuum marginibus interdum obsolete pli- cato-nodulosis, carneold, fasciis quatuor ad quingue fulvicantibus cingulatd, interdum omnino brunned, striis undulatis granulosis obliquis et lineis concen- tricis decussatd ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo basi convexo, fasciis duabus fulvicantilus circumdato ; carind et regione umbilicali opaco-albis ; apertura de- pressd, angulata, obliquad ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tne royaL Hewrix. Shell umbilicated, sinistral, sub- discoid, sharply keeled, depressed at the upper part, suture indistinct, edges of the whorls sometimes ob- soletely plicately noduled, flesh-colour, encircled with four to five fulvous bands, sometimes altogether brown, decussated with oblique waved granulous strie and concentric lines; whorls six, rather flat, the last convex at the base, encircled with two ful- vous bands ; keel and region of the umbilicus opake white ; aperture depressed, angled, oblique ; lip sim- ple, sharp. May, 1852. HELIX.—Prare XCVI. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850. vol. v. p. 215. Helix vittata, Adams and Reeve (not of Miiller). Hab. Borneo. Of this fine species, collected in the Samarang, and figured with the animal in the Zoology of the voyage, spe- cimens have since been received of a dark uniform brown colour. For a figure of this variety see Plate LXXX. Fig. 426. Species 527. (Mus. Dennison.) Hexix Mackensit. Hel. testa late umbilicatd, orbiculari- depressd, olivaceo-castaned; spird converd; anfractibus sex ad septem, planiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam acute carinato et setoso, infra rotundato; umbilico amplo, perspectivo ; apertura pared, lunato-circulari ; peristo- mate subincrassato, paululum reflexo, carneo, marginibus callo carneo junctis. Mackenste’s Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbi- cularly depressed, olive-chestnut ; spire convex ; whorls six to seven, rather flat, the last sharply keeled and bristled at the periphery, rounded be- neath ; umbilicus large, perspective ; aperture small, lunar-cireular ; lip rather thickened, a little reflected, flesh-coloured, margins joined by a flesh-coloured callosity. | VALENCIENNES, Voy. de la Bonite, pl. 25. f. 14. Hab. Island of Ty-pin-san, Meiacoshima Group; Belcher. The bristly hairs with which this shell is furnished at the periphery, are the most fully developed in immature specimens. Species 528. (Mus. Belcher.) HELIX PLURIZONATA. Hel. testa obtect2 umbilicatd, sub- globosd, alba, maculis pallide fuscis nebulatd, striato- rugosa, fasciis plurimis spadiceis et purpurascentibus cinclaé ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo rotun- dato ; apertura lunato-circulari, intus fusca ; peristo- mate late reflexo, albo, margine inferiore subcalloso. THE MANY-ZONED HELIX. Shell with a partially covered umbilicus, somewhat globose, white, clouded with light brown spots, striately rugose, encircled with numerous fawn and purplish bands; whorls four, convex, the last rounded; aperture lunar-circular, brown within ; lip broadly reflected, white, lower margin rather callous. Apams and REEVE, Zool. Voy. Samarang, p. 62. pl. 16. f, 19: Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Belcher. The alternate purple and fawn bands are doubtless pecu- ' liar to the species, and among its chief characteristics. Melia, LUXOV1 HELIX. Pruate XCVII. Species 529. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx eximia. Tel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, oblique rugosa et confertissimé granulosa, olivaceo-cor- ned, fasciis fusco-viridibus ornald; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo permagno, circa aream umbilicalem compresso-inflato ; aperturd lunato-ovali, intus pallideé lilacind ; peristo- mate simplici, angusté reflexo, umbilicum angustum semitegente. Tue cHorce Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, obliquely wrinkled and very closely finely gra- nulated, olive-horny, ornamented with five brown- green bands ; whorls four to five, rather convex, in- creasing rapidly, the last very large, compressly in- flated around the umbilical area; aperture lunar-oval, faintly tinged within with lilac; lip simple, narrowly reflected, half-covering the narrow umbilicus. Prerrrer, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. vol. i. p. 153. pl. 5. f. 6. Hab. Central America. A very characteristic species, encircled with conspicuous green bands upon a light olive-horny ground, while the lip is delicately tinged with lilac. Species 530. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx capuca. Hel. testd sublate umbilicatd, depressd, Sragili, leviter striatuld, albidd, epidermide fulvo-cornea indutd ; spird parum elevatd, vertice subtili ; anfracti- bus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo multo latiore, basi subplanulato, circa umbilicum angustum externe subinfundibuliformem eaxcavato ; aperturd majusculd, oblique truncato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, tenui, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari vie expansi- usculo. THE BRITTLE Hevix. Shell rather broadly umbilicated, depressed, fragile, finely striated, whitish, covered with a fulvous-horny epidermis ; spire but little raised, fine to the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last much broader and rather flat at the base, excavated round the umbilicus, which is narrow, and externally funnel-shaped ; aperture rather large, obliquely truncately oval; lip simple, thin, with the margins approximating, columellar margin but little expanded. PreirreRr, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846, p. 158. A thin shell, but of solid substance, chiefly distinguished from its congeners by the compressly flattened convexity of the base around the edge of the umbilicus. Species 531. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ciNcINNUS. Hel. testd lat2 et umpliter umbilicaté, orbiculato-depressd, tenui, confertissim? ruguloso-striala, basi leviore, nitente, vivide olicaced, spird saturatiore ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, lent2 accrescentihus, superné subplanulatis, infra rotundatis, ultimo anticé deflexo; aperturd horizontali-lunari, intus ceerulescente- lacted ; peristomate simplici, marginibus subconniven- tibus, columellari leviter reflexo. THE curL Hex. Shell broadly and largely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, thin, very closely rugulosely striated, smoother and shining at the base, bright olive, darker about the spire; whorls four to five, increasing slowly, rather flattened above, rounded beneath, last whorl deflected in front; aperture hori- zontally lunar, blue-white within ; lip simple, margins approximating, columellar margin slightly reflected. Hab. Maule, Chili (under decayed leaves) ; Cuming. This is Dr. Pfeiffer’s H. larata, variety y, which he quotes as being probably the H. umbilicata of Anton, a name pre-occupied by Montagu in reference to another species ; it is evidently distinct. Mr. Cuming found it in great abundance at the above-named locality, within fifty miles of H. laxata, but not with it. The form of the shell is rounder, and the last whorl is less enlarged to- wards the aperture. No specimens of intermediate form were collected, and it was mostly of adult growth. Species 532. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Laxata. Hel. testa late et perampliter umbilicata, orbiculato-depressd, aperturam versus oblique producta, tenui, confertissime ruguloso-striald, superne fulco-ru- fescente, basi nitid2 fulvo-olivaced, lineis concentricis conferlissimis minutd decussald ; spird viz elevala ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo lato, depresso, antice descendente ; apertura subhorizontali, ampla, transverse ovali, intus cerulescente-albd ; peristomate subsimplici, marginibus Jere junctis, supero tenui, expanso, basali subcalloso, reflexo. May, 1852. S HELIX.—Puare XCVII. THE LOOSELY convoLuTED Hexrx. Shell broadly and very largely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, ob- liquely produced towards the aperture, thin, very closely rugosely striated, fulvous-red about the upper part, fulvous-olive and shining at the base, minutely decussated with very close-set concentric lines ; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing rapidly, last whorl broad, depressed, de- scending in front; aperture somewhat horizontal, large, transversely oval, blue-white within; lip rather simple, margins almost joined, upper margin thin, expanded, basal margin rather callous and reflected. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 74. f. 3. Helix Peruviana, amarck. Helix Deshayesii, Anton. Hab. Chili; Cuming. This fine and well-known species does not inhabit Peru, as indicated by the name given to it by Lamarck. It has been for a long time known to collectors by the unpub- lished name of H. Banksit. Species 533. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx puryompnara. el. testd late umbilicata, orbicu- lato-convead, tenui, pellucidd, virente-corned, superne regulariter costulato-striatd, lineis concentricis obsolete decussatd, basi distantius striatd, nitidissimad ; spird parum elevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus sea, convexiusculis, ultimo dilatato, subdepresso, antice non descendente ; umbilico magno, pervio ; apertura oblique lunato- ovali ; peristomate recto, simplici, marginibus conni- ventibus. THE BROADLY UMBILICATED Hetx. Shell broadly um- bilicated, orbicularly convex, thin, pellucid, greenish- horny, regularly finely ribbed about the upper part, obsoletely decussated with concentric lines, more distantly striated and shining at the base; spire but little raised, obtuse ; whorls six, rather convex, the last dilated, somewhat depressed, not descending in front ; umbilicus large, open; aperture obliquely lunar-oval ; lip straight, simple, margins approxi- mating. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 71. Hab. Cuba? If the above locality, quoted on the authority of Dr. Pfeiffer, be correct, it is somewhat curious to find in the North Antilles a shell belonging so minutely in all its de- tails to the Chilian type H. laxata. It differs little from that species, except in being of a rounder form. Species 534. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Frora. Hel. testd sublatd umbilicatd, tenui, dura, pellucido-albd, epidermide virescente-olivaced corned indutd, vix striata, nitente ; spird plano-depressd ; an- fractibus quatuor ad quingue, superné planatis, infra rotundatis ; aperturé lunato-cireulari ; peristomate tenui, marginibus conniventibus. Tue Frora Hexrx. Shell rather broadly umbilicated, thin, hard, transparent white, covered with a greenish- olive horny epidermis, but little striated, shining ; spire flatly depressed ; whorls four to five, flat at the upper part, rounded beneath; aperture lunar-cireu- lar; lip thin, margins approximating. Preirrer, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Andes of Columbia. This species differs from its congeners collected in this Plate, in not having the close-set rib-like strie, with which the upper portion of the whorls is sculptured. Here it is smooth and horny. Species 535. (Mus. Cuming.) Hextrx Guiesprecuti. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicata, orbiculato-globosd, striatd et subtilissimé granulata, epidermide brevipilosd indutd, brunned, zonis nigrican- tibus et luteis ornatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, con- vexiusculis, ultimo magno, rotundato, circa umbilicum subcompresso ; apertura lunato-rotundatd ; peristomate expanso, albo, breviter reflexo, marginibus conniventibus, columellari dilatato. Guiesprecut’s Hex. Shell rather largely umbili- cated, orbicularly globose, striated and very finely granulated, covered with a short hairy epidermis, brown, ornamented with blackish and yellowish zones; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last large, rounded, slightly compressed around the um- bilicus ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip expanded, white, shortly reflected, margins approximating, columellar margin dilated. Nyst, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Brussels, 1841. vol. viii. p. 343. f. 2. Hab. Chiapa, Mexico ; Nyst. The epidermis of this fine species is covered with nume- rous short silken golden hairs. Helix, FLUXCVUL HELIX. Piate XCVIII. Species 536. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Brasiviana. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculato- depressiusculd, undique equaliter granulosa, superne castaned, taniis albido-flammulatis, subtus conveviore, pallidiore, seriebus pluribus punctorum rufescentium ornatd ; spird subplanulatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, vix convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete subangulato ; columella brevi, dilatatd; apertura lata, transverse lunari ; peristomate tenui, breviter reflexo. Tue Brazriran Hextx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly rather depressed, equally granulated throughout, chestnut-tinged about the upper part, with white- flamed fillets, more convex beneath and paler, orna- mented with many rows of reddish dots; spire rather flattened ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled ; columella short, dilated; aperture broad, transversely lunar; lip thin, shortly reflected. Desnares, Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. ii. p. 211. Helix pellis-serpentis, var., Férussac. Hab. Brazil. Scarcely keeled and very elaborately painted. Species 537. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx serPENS. Hel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, utrin- que convexd, confertim undulato-striatd, tenui, corneo- stramined, fascia interruptd rufa ad suturam ornatéa ; anfractibus quinque, planis, ultimo acute carinato, infra carinam fascia rufa lineisque permultis rufis sig- natd; aperturaé angulato-lunari; peristomate tenui, breviter reflexo. Tue serreNnt Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, lens-shaped, convex on both sides, closely undulately striated, thin, horny straw-colour, ornamented with an in- terrupted red band at the suture; whorls five, flat, the last sharply keeled, marked below the keel with a red band and numerous red lines; aperture angu- larly lunar; lip thin, shortly reflected. Solarium serpens, Spix, Test. Brasil. pl. 17. f. 2. Helix serpens, Pfeiffer. Helix punctata, Wagner. Hab. Brazil (in the woods of Piauhy and Pernambuco); Spix. A lighter shell than the preceding, characterized by a different style of painting, prominently keeled. Species 538. (Mus. Cuming.) HWenix wentaca. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculatd, de- pressi, carinatd, rugulosd, granulatd, subtus levigatd, flavidd, fasciis rubris interruptis ornatd; spira ob- tusd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo depresso ; apertura depressd, lunato-subtriangulari ; peristomate nitidé albo, margine utrogue sinuoso, supero latd ex- panso, breviter reflexo, columellari brevi, subdilatato, basali plane arcuato, breviter reflexo. Tue sun Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, depressed, keeled, rugulose, granulated, smooth underneath, yel- lowish, ornamented with five interrupted red bands ; whorls six, rather convex, the last depressed ; aper- ture depressed, lunar-subtriangular; lip shining- white, margin on both sides sinuous, upper margin broadly expanded, shortly reflected, columellar margin short, slightly dilated, basal flatly arched, shortly re- flected. D’Orsieny, Voyage dans l’Am¢rique Méridionale, p. 244. pl. 26. f. 1-5. Heliz cicatrica, Anton. Hah. Bolivia; D’Orbigny. There is a general peculiarity in the form and painting of this species different from either of the preceding. Species 539. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Gippont. ticulari, superné longitudinaliter et regulariter striata, Hel. testa umbilicata, depressd, sublen- fasciis flammeis rubris albisque pictd, sublus seriebus pluribus punctorum rufescentium ornata ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo subcarinatlo, basi convero ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura late lunari ; pe- ristomate subincrassato, sinuoso, reflexo, basali ad um- bilicum breviter dilatato. Grppon’s Hetrx. what lens-shaped, longitudinally regularly striated at the upper part, painted with bands of red and white Shell umbilicated, depressed, some- flames and ornamented underneath with numerous rows of red dots; whorls five, rather flattened, the last slightly keeled, convex at the base; umbilicus middling, open; aperture broadly lunar; lip rather thickened, sinuous, reflected, basal margin shortly dilated at the umbilicus. Preirrer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 37. May, 1852. ~ HELIX.—Piate XCVMULI. Helix magnifica, Lea. Hab. New Granada; Gibbon. This species is always larger in size than any other of the group collected in this Plate. Species 540. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Arpournt. Hel. testd profundé umbilicaté, orbi- culato-depressd, subobscuré ruguloso-plicata et malleatda, Jflavo-olivaced, zonis angustis tribus nigricantibus cingu- laté ; spird plano-convexd, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quingue, planulatis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtusissime carinald ; aperturd transverse ovali ; peristomate re- Jlexo, calloso, allo, marginibus conniventibus, callo lacteo junctis. Axpourn’s Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, somewhat obscurely rugulosely pli- cated and indented, yellowish-olive, encircled with three blackish zones; spire flatly convex, obtuse at the apex ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last very obtusely keeled; aperture transversely oval; lip re- flected, callous, white, margins approximating, joined by a milk-white callous layer. D’OrpieNy, Voyage dans lAmér. Mérid. Moll, p. 239. pl. 24. f. 4-6. Eadem var. Helix orewigena, D’Orbigny. Hab. Province of Yungas, Bolivia; D’Orbigny. This fine species is of the same peculiar typical form as the European H. trizona and Pouzolzi. The lip is more callous and reflected than in either. Species 541. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix potycyrata. Hel. testa latissimé umbilicatd, dis- coided, superne planissimd, subtus excavatd, solidd, striata, lineis minutis concentricis subdecussatd, oli- vaced, conis latissimis nigricante-rufis superne circum- data ; anfractibus novem, convexis, perangustis, ultimo antice descendente ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-rotun- datd ; peristomate albo, breviter reflexo, marginibus callo junctis. THE MANY-WHORLED Hetix. Shell very broadly um- bilicated, discoid, very flat at the upper part, hollowed beneath, solid, striated, faintly decussated with mi- nute concentric lines, olive, encircled at the upper part with very broad black-red zones; whorls nine, convex, very narrow, the last descending in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-rounded; lip white, shortly reflected, margins joined by a callous layer. Born, Test. Mus. Vindobonensis, p. 373. pl. 14. f. 19, 20. Hab. Brazil. This well-known species is remarkably characterized by its peculiarly discoid Planorbis-like form. Species 542. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PELLIS-SERPENTIS. Hel. testa anguste umbilicatd, tumido-globosd, superné confertissime granulosé, basi striata, griseo-flavicante, fasciis latis albo- et rufo- flammulatis, subtus cingulis angustis interruptis rufis ornaté ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo obsoleté angulato, latere aperture opposito impressionibus pro- fundis indentato ; aperturdé lat2 lunari; peristomate intus albo, calloso, marginibus callo junctis, supero ex- panso, columellari et basali reflexis. THE SERPENT’S SKIN HeEtrx. Shell umbilicated, swollen globose, very closely granulated about the upper part, striated at the base, greyish-yellow, ornamented with broad white-and-red-flamed bands, beneath with nar- row interrupted bands; whorls six, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled, indented with two deep impressions in the side opposite to the aperture ; aperture broadly lunar; lip white within, callous, margins joined by a callous layer, upper margin ex- panded, columellar and basal margins reflected. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. part 2. p. 79. pl. 125. f. 1095-6, and vol. xi. p. 268. pl. 208, f. 2046-7. Hab. Guyana. This is regarded by Dr. Pfeiffer as the typical /. pellis- serpentis, but there is no indication in either of Chemnitz’s figures of the curious indentations which appear to be constant and so eminently characteristic in the species under consideration. elie, PUXCIX —_—— HELIX. Prats XCIX. Species 543. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix supcastanea. Hel. testd umbilicald, orbiculato- convead, subcastaned, minutissime granulatd; spird sub- elevatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, viv convexius- culis, ultimo angulato, anticé subito deflexo, basi inflato, ad aperluram constricto et scrobiculato ; umbilico me- diocri ; apertura perobliqud, auriculari ; peristomate albo, incrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro arcuato, basali strictiusculo, denticulato, ambobus dente magno intrante separatis. THE CHESTNUT-TINGED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, or- bicularly convex, chestnut-tinged, very minutely gra- nulated ; spire slightly raised; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last angled, suddenly deflected in front, inflated at the base, drawn in and furrowed at the aperture; umbilicus middling; aperture very oblique, ear-shaped ; lip white, thickened, joined by a thin callous layer, right margin arched, basal rather drawn out, toothed, both separated by a large en- tering tooth. Caracolla globosa, Broderip (not H. globosa, Sowerby), Pro. Zool. Soe. 1832, p. 30. Helix subcastanea, Pfeiffer. Hab. Tumaco, West Columbia; Cuming. Distinguished by an obscure oblong protuberance on the columellar margin, and a single prominent narrow raised tooth at the base. Species 544. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix pitupercurata. el. testa imperforatd, orbicu- lari-conicd, busi plano-concavd, intense nigricante-cas- taned, epidermide luted undato-lentiginosd ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; apertura horizontali, suboblongo-quadrata ; peristomate albo, re- flexo, marginibus callo junctis, columellari dentibus parcis duobus, basali dentibus parvis duobus subdistan- tibus prominentibus acutis. Tue TWo-TUBERCLED Hetix. Shell imperforated, orbi- cularly conical, flatly concave at the base, very dark blackish-chestnut, zigzag-freckled with a yellowish epidermis; whorls five, convex, the last obtusely keeled; aperture horizontal, somewhat oblong-square; lip white, reflected, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin with two small teeth, basal mar- gin with two small rather distant prominent sharp teeth. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1846. Hab. Tungaragua, Ecuador; Bourcier. This little species is well distinguished from the rest of its congeners collected in this Plate, by its pretty wave- freckled epidermis. Species 545. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Bourctert. Hel. testd imperforata, globosd, su/- inflata, plicato-striatd, intensd castaned, apice ru- Jescente ; spird obtusé depressd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ullimo vir carinato, rotundato, basi medio impressa ; apertura horizontali, suboblongo-quadrata ; peristomate incrassato, breviter reflexo, albido et pur- purascente, margine columellari dentibus parvis duobus contiguis obtusis, basali dente parvo unico subobsoleto. Bourcrer’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globose, some- what inflated, plicately striated, dark chestnut, red- dish at the apex; spire obtusely depressed ; whorls four, convex, the last scarcely keeled, rounded, im- pressed in the middle at the base; aperture horizon- tal, somewhat oblong-square ; lip thickened, shortly reflected, whitish and purplish, columellar margin with two small contiguous blunt teeth, basal margin with a single small nearly obsolete tooth. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Otoralo, Ecuador; Bourcier. Collected by, and named in memory of, M. Bourcier, late Consul-General of Ecuador. Species 546. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Oreas. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressi, angulata, striata et minulissim2 granulosa, livido-castaned, ad apicem rufescente ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quin- que, planiusculis, ultimo anticé rotundato, ad aperturam constricto, basi inflato ; apertura perobliqua, semiovali, bidentata ; peristomate albo, reflexo, marginibus callo albo funiculato junctis, supero arcuato, basali strictius- culo, ambobus dente acuto separatis, dente altero in pa- riete illi opposito. Tur Oreas Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, angled, striated and very minutely granulated, livid-chest- May, 1852. HELIX.—Ptarte XCIX. nut; reddish at the apex; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat, the last rounded in front, con- stricted at the aperture, inflated at the base; aperture very oblique, semi-oval, two-toothed ; lip white, re- flected, margins joined by a white ridged callosity, upper margin arched, basal rather drawn out, both separated by a sharp tooth, the other tooth being opposite to it on the body-whorl, Kocn, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 151. pl. 5. f. 2. Hab. Quendeu and other mountains of New Granada. The teeth are rather small and peculiarly sharp, one of them being situated on the body-whorl. Species 547. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Juno, Hel. testd inperforatd, depresso-globosd, solidiusculd, plicato-striatd, sordidé castaned; spird ob- tusé ; anfractibus quinque, convexd, ultimo carinato ; aperturé horizontali, subauriculari ; peristomate incras- sato, livido-alba, marginibus callo junctis, columellari late appresso, rudé calloso, obscure denticulato, basali calloso, vix obscure denticulato. Tue Juno Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather solid, plicately striated, dull chestnut; spire obtuse ; whorls five, convex, the last keeled ; aperture horizontal, somewhat ear-shaped; lip thickened, livid- white, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin broadly appressed, rudely callous, obscurely toothed, basal margin callous, faintly obscurely toothed. Pretrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 66. Hab. Andes of Columbia. A solid, depressly globose species, with the lip rudely callous, presenting only very faint indications of teeth. Species 545. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx NEoGRANADENSIS. Tiel. testd imperforatd, depres- sd, carinatd, tenui, undique minute granulatd, saturate rufié ; spird vie elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, planiusculis, ultimo carinato, basi convexo, antic? deflero, constricto ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-rotun- dato; peristomate lutescente, expanso, refleriusculo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali obsoletissime uni- dentato, columellari brevi, dilatato, appresso. Tue New Granapa Hexrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressed, keeled, thin, minutely granulated throughout, dark red; spire scarcely raised; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last keeled, convex at the base, de- flected and constricted in front; aperture very ob- lique, lunar-rounded ; lip yellowish, expanded, slightly reflected, margins joined by a thin callosity, basal margin yery obsoletely toothed, columellar margin short, dilated, appressed. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 64. Hal. Mountain of Quendeu, New Granada. A bright chestnut finely granulated shell of light struc- ture, with the faintest possible indication of a small tooth. Species 549. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx arrata. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressd, solidiusculd, minutissimé granulatd, obscure pli- cato-striald et malleata, atro-castaned ; spira obtusa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, plano-convexis, ultimo sub- acute carinato, anticé deflexo et constricto, basi plano- impresso ; apertura subquadrato-auriculari ; peristo- mate incrassato, calloso, livido-carneo, marginibus callo junctis, margine basali dentibus parvis duobus, plus minus obsoletis. THe JeT-BLAcK Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely depressed, rather solid, very minutely granu- lated, obscurely plicately striated and indented, jet- black chestnut ; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, flatly convex, the last rather sharply keeled, deflected and constricted in front, flatly impressed at the base ; aperture somewhat squarely ear-shaped; lip thickened, callous, livid flesh-colour, margins joined by a cal- losity, basal margin with two small teeth, more or less obsolete. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Puntophaya, Ecuador; Bourcier. A large stout shell of a much blacker chestnut-colour than any of the preceding species, and equally distinct in all particulars. oe - 7 a a - ve 7 on il - » 7 - ' an t Ae - , = : 4 ¥ > _ ‘ 7 7 _ al oe fi - - -)@ f _— ? — _— ? cy : _ : a , _ v i= : ’ a4 7 | ‘@ : ’ ain * “ 7 , re 9 ~ *7 : : 7 _ ~ p. 7 “dain ae i 7 a U : - £. . 7 ‘a a —~— i 2 4* N : > i ») 4 - q VJ - _ co} S| ad 7 * 7 7 es 7 - _ - a an e v) - ; : ' > : - ‘ _ - * Tht 4 4a HELIX, Puate C, Species 550. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Lasyrintuus. Hel. testé umbilicatd, lenticulari, minute granulatd, rufo-castaned ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo basi constricto, biscrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, auriformi, coarctataé; peristomate subincrassato, breviter reflexo, sinuoso, ad carinam ca- naliculato, marginibus callo alte prominente, laminam erectam latam intrantem emittente junctis, supero arcuato, basali flexuoso, juxta canalem lamind latissimd, triangulari, oppositam fere attingente, et dente valido in medio instructo, lamind tertid parvuld in fundo. THe LABYRINTH Hexrtx. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, minutely granulated, reddish-chestnut ; whorls five, rather convex, the last constricted and two-furrowed at the base; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped, con- tracted ; lip rather thickened, broadly reflected, si- nuous, channelled at the keel, margins joined by a high callosity, emitting a broad erect entering la- mella, upper margin arched, basal flexuous, furnished with a very broad triangular lamina next the canal, nearly touching the opposite one, with a strong tooth in the middle, and a third small lamina at the bottom. Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 271. pl. 208. f. 2048. Helix Otis, Solander. Eadem var. Caracolla subplanata, Petit. Hab. Central America. Of the forms here collected together, this is considered to be the type of the old H. labyrinthus. Species 551. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx stostoma. el. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, sub- obesa, rufo-castaned ; anfractibus quinque, plano-con- vexis, ultimo constricto et profunde scrobiculato ; aper- turd horizontali, auriformi, coarctatd ; peristomate subincrassato, elevato, marginibus integris, lamellam prominentem in pariete formantihus, margine columel- lari dente unico valido, basali dentibus duobus lamelli- Sormibus, ad basin coadunatis et callosis. Tue pLait-MoutH Herx. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, rather stout, reddish-chestnut ; whorls five, flatly convex, the last constricted and deeply furrowed ; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped, contracted ; lip rather thickened, raised, with the margins entire, forming a prominent lamella on the inner wall of the body- whorl, columellar margin with a single strong tooth, basal margin with two lamelliform teeth, united to- gether and callous at the base. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1851-2? Hab. Andes of New Granada. Smaller and stouter than the preceding species. The aperture is not channelled at the keel; and in the place of the triangular basal lamina are two lamelliform teeth, callous and united at the base. Species 552. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix unciGera. Jel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, sub- discoided, acutissimé carinatd, minute granulata, alba, fasciis nigro-fuscis cinctd ; spird vir elevatd ; anfrac- tibus quinque, planis, ultimo basi planiusculo, antice subito deflexo, subtus scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, rhombed, lamella validd albd pariete coarctata ; peri- stomate subincrassato, marginibus callo funiculato junc- tis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, juxta carinam la- mellé tenui intrante, retrorsum uncinatd, et prope colu- mellam dente obtuso armato. THE HOOK-BEARING Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, somewhat discoid, very sharply keeled, minutely granulated, white, encircled with two black-brown bands ; spire but little raised ; whorls five, flat, the last rather flat at the base, suddenly deflected in front, furrowed beneath; aperture horizontal, rhom- boid, contracted, with a strong white lamella on the wall of the body-whorl; lip slightly thickened, margins joined by a corded callosity, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, with a thin entering la- mella next the keel turning back into a fine hook, a blunt tooth next the columella. Carocolla uncigera, Petit, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1838. Moll. pl. 113. Hab, Panama. This extremely interesting species is characterized by the presence of a fine gracefully curved hook within the aperture. Species 553. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix piicata. Hel. testa umbilicata, orbiculari, acute carinald, utrinque converd, solidiusculd, castaned cel May, 1852. HELIX.—Prate C. fuscd, striatd, lineis concentricis confertissimis sub- tilissime granulato-decussatd ; anfractibus quinque, ul- timo antice convexo, ad aperturam extus scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, auriformi; peristomate reflexo, ad carinam subcanaliculato, marginibus lamind ele- vatd, lamellam elongatam intrantem emittente, junctis, columellari breviter arcuato, basali bidentato, dente al- tero lato, brevi, obtuso, altero majore, sulcato. Tue pricatep Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, sharply keeled, convex on both sides, rather solid, chestnut or brown, striated, very finely granulately decussated with close-set concentric lines; whorls five, the last convex in front, furrowed without the aperture; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped; lip reflected, slightly channelled at the keel, margins joined by a raised lamella, emitting an entering elongate lamella, columellar margin shortly arched, basal margin two-toothed, one tooth broad and short, the other larger and grooved. Born, Test. Mus. Vindobonensis, p. 368. Carocolla Hyadina, Lea. Hab, Central America. This differs little from ZH. labyrinthus, except in being of larger and more solid growth, and more callous about the aperture. Species 554. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix pirurcata. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, orbiculari, leviter striata, fulvd, subtus pallidd, vel medio tantum pallidé cingulatd ; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo obsolete carinato, anticé subiti de- flexo ; apertura depressd, transverse pyriformi, lamind elongatd, compressd, erectd, intrante coarctatd ; peri- stomate albido, refleco, marginibus callo prominente junctis, basali dentibus duobus, altero depressé triangu- lari, altero bifurcato, instructo. Tue Birurcate Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, orbicular, slightly striated, fulvous, pale beneath, or encircled with a pale band only round the middle; whorls five, rather flat, the last obsoletely keeled, suddenly deflected in front; aperture depressed, transversely pear-shaped, contracted by an elongate, compressed, erect, entering lamella; lip white, re- flected, margins joined by a prominent callosity, basal margin furnished with two teeth, one of which is depressly triangular, the other bifurcate. Desnayes, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. pl. 111. f. 2. Hab. Guyana. The bifureate tooth is very solid and callous at the base and most conspicuously developed. Species 555. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ANNULIFERA. Tel. testd umbilicata, depress, len- ticulari, minute granulatd, rufo-castaned, ad periphe- riam alba ; anfractibus quinque, plano-converis, ultimo ad aperturam biscrobiculato, anticé deflexo ; apertura horizontali, auriformi; peristomate incrassato, albo, elevato, ad carinam peculiariter retrorsum sinuato, marginibus integris, lamellam intrantem pariete emit- tentibus, basali dentato, deinde exrcavato, dente trian- gulari lamelliformi instructo, dentibus lamellisque albis. Tue RINGED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, lens- shaped, minutely granulated, reddish-chestnut, white at the periphery; whorls five, flatly convex, the last two-furrowed at the aperture, deflected anteriorly ; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped ; lip thickened, white, raised, peculiarly sinuated backwards at the keel, margins entire, emitting an entering lamella on the wall of the body-whorl, basal margin toothed, then excavated, and furnished with a triangular lamelli- form tooth, teeth and lamellz white. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Central America. The aperture of this species is characterized in a man- ner (not sufficiently shown in the accompanying figure) which is quite peculiar, being sinuated at the keel so as to form a spouted channel on the upper surface of the shell. Helow, Pt. CT. HELIX: PuateE CI. Species 556. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Tamsrana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressé conicd, granulatd, fusca, acute carinatd ; spird conoided, ver- tice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus quinque, subplanis, ul- timo basi vie convewiusculo, antice angulatim deflexo, ad aperturam constricto ; apertura subhorizontali, au- riformi, quadridentatd ; peristomate tenui, marginibus lamind callosd, umbilici partem tegente et medio dentem linguiformem emittente junctis, supero expanso, uni- dentato, basali reflexo, dentibus fere aqualibus munito. Tams’ Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly conical, gra- nulated, brown, sharply keeled; spire conoid, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls five, somewhat flattened, the last rather convex at the base, angularly deflected in front, constricted at the aperture ; aperture nearly horizontal, ear-shaped, four-toothed; lip thin, mar- gins joined by a callous layer, partly covering the umbilicus, and emitting on the body-whorl a tongue- shaped tooth, upper margin expanded, one-toothed, basal margin reflected, furnished with two nearly equal teeth. Dunxer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847. p. 81. Hab. Venezuela; Dr. Tams. A small conical transparent horny shell, with the teeth of the aperture delicately formed. Species 557. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix Quapripentata. Tel. testd umbilicatd, orbicu- lata, tenuiusculd, striata, granulatd, fuscd ; spird de- presso-conoided ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, vie con- vexiusculis, ultimo carinato, basi convexo, anticée subitd deflexo, scrobiculato ; apertura auriformi, fuscd, dente lamelliformi pariete coarctatd ; peristomate simplici, marginibus callo funiculato junctis, supero late ex- panso, basali sinuoso, infra carinam dente acuto pro- minente et prope umbilicum mediocrem duobus mino- ribus instructo. THE rour-rootHEeD Hexrrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicu- lar, rather thin, striated, granulated, brown; spire depressly conoid ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last keeled, convex at the base, suddenly de- flected in front, furrowed ; aperture ear - shaped, brown, contracted by a lamelliform tooth on the wall of the body-whorl; lip simple, margins joined by a corded callosity, upper margin broadly ex- panded, basal sinuous, furnished with a prominent sharp tooth beneath the keel, and two smaller teeth near the umbilicus. Carocolla quadridentata, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 30. Hab, Central America (in the woods) ; Cuming. Similar in form to the preceding species, but of much more solid structure, with the teeth and lip more strongly developed. Species 558. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELrx teucopon. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, sub- lenticulari, undique subtiliter granulatd, saturate cas- taned ; spira plane elevatd, vertice obtuso ; anfractibus quingue, subplanulatis, ultimo carinato, anticé gibbo, ad aperturam subitd deflexo, constricto, subtus scrobi- culato; apertura perobliqud, irregulariter pyriformi ; peristomate tenui, albo, expanso, refleriusculo, margini- bus lamina elevatd, flecuosd, medio lamellam erectam linguiformem emittente junctis, supero dente parculo, basali dentibus parvulis duobus munito. THE WHITE-TOOTHED Hextx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, sublenticular, finely granulated throughout, dark chestnut ; spire flatly raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, rather flat, the last keeled, gibbous in front, suddenly deflected and constricted at the aperture, furrowed beneath ; aperture very oblique, irregularly pear-shaped; lip thin, white, expanded, slightly reflected, margins joined by a raised flexuous lamina, emitting in the middle a raised tongue-shaped lamella, upper margin furnished with one small tooth, basal with two to three small teeth. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1547. p. 51. Hab. Tovah, Venezuela; Dyson. A dark solid species of robust form, in which the basal margin is thickly reflected, while the teeth are small. Species 559. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Dunxert. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicaté, or- biculari, cald2 depressd, granulatd, aculissimé carinata, lutescente-corned, nigricante-castaneo juxta peripheriam fasciatd, carina sublilissimé albo-marginala ; anfracti- May, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CI. bus quingue, planatis, subtus rotundatis, ultimo anticé conspicue deflexo et constricto, subtus scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, transverse ovali, marginibus inte- gris, lamella pariete formatd, margine columellari ni- tide quadridentato. Dunker’s Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, or- bicular, very depressed, granulated, very sharply keeled, yellowish-horny, banded next the periphery with blackish-chestnut, keel very finely edged with white; whorls five, flattened, rounded beneath, the last conspicuously deflected and constricted in front, furrowed beneath; aperture horizontal, transversely oval, margins entire, a lamella formed on the wall of the body-whorl, columellar margin neatly four- toothed. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Andes of New Granada. A pretty bright horny species encircled with a dark band next the periphery, the sharp edge of which is con- spicuously white. Species 560. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Leprisuri. Jel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculatd, conoideo-depressd, fulvd, subcarinatd; carind albicante ; anfractibus quinque, vix convexiusculis, ultimo anticé subitd defleco, basi scrobiculato ; wmbilico mediocri ; apertura angustissimd, horizontali, subauriformi; pe- ristomate subincrassato, albo, marginibus lamella erecta, umbilicum semioccultante, aliamque angulatim longe in- trantem emittente junctis, supero expanso, basali sinuoso, refleco, tuberculo dentiformi et juxta carinam dente valido geminato instructo. Leprrevre’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, co- noidly depressed, fulvous, obtusely keeled, white at the keel; whorls five, slightly convex, the last sud- denly deflected in front, furrowed at the base; um- bilicus middling; aperture very narrow, horizontal, somewhat ear-shaped; lip rather thickened, white, margins joined by an erect lamella, half-covering the umbilicus, emitting another angulately and promi- nently entering the aperture, upper margin expanded, basal sinuous and reflected, furnished with a tooth- shaped tubercle, and next the keel a strong double tooth. Petit, Revue Zoologique Soc. Cuv. 1840, p. 74. Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1841, Moll. pl. 32. Hab, Guyana. The flexuous lip and teeth of this species are remarkably strongly developed. Species 561. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX NIGRITELLA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, conoideo-de- pressd, solidiusculd, fuscd, epidermide nigricante-oli- vaced indutd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, vir convexi- usculis, lent2 accrescentibus, ultimo basi convexo, medio acute carinato ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura securiformi ; peristomate simplici, margine supero an- trorsum arcuato, acuto, basali reflexo. Tue swartHy Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conoidly de- pressed, rather solid, brown, covered with a blackish- olive epidermis; whorls five to six, slightly convex, increasing slowly, the last convex at the base, sharply keeled in the middle; umbilicus middling, open; aperture hatchet-shaped; lip simple, upper margin curved towards the front, sharp, basal margin re- flected. Purvrprr, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol.ii. p. 4. pl.6.f. 8. Hab. Pacific Islands; Cuming. A dark little Trochiform shell, tinged with red at the apex, and having a simple toothless aperture. Species 562. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex auricunina. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculatd, carinatd, utrinque convexd, granulato-striatd, fulved, ad carinam lutescente; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo subito deflexo, basi scrobiculato ; apertura hori- zontali, auriformi, plicis coarctatd, und lamelliformi, ad parietem profunde intrante, secundd dentiformi, et tertid furcatd in margine basali; peristomate albo, refleco, marginibus ad umbilicum mediocrem pervium junctis. THE LITTLE EAR Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, keeled, convex on both sides, granularly striated, fulyous, yellowish at the keel; whorls five, rather flattened, the last suddenly deflected, furrowed at the base; aperture horizontal, ear-shaped, contracted with three plaits, one of which is lamelliform, deeply entering upon the wall of the body-whorl, the second tooth-shaped, and the third bifurcate upon the basal margin; lip white, reflected, margins joined at the umbilicus, which is middling and open. Perit, Revue Zoologique Soc. Cuv. 1840, p. 74. Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1841, pl. 33. Hab, Guyana. The development of the aperture is nearly the same as in H. Leprieurii, figured above it; the shell is smaller, and the whorls are rounder. Lh loa, FU. CM. HELIX. Prate CII. Species 563. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX cuLorozona. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicaté, orbiculari, subdepressd, subtus convexa, albd, castaneo late trifasciatd ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, oblique striatis, ultimo ad periphe- riam obtuse carinato; apertura lunato-circulari; peristo- mate tenui, paululum reflexo, marginibus approximatis. THE PALE-BANDED Hextx. Shell rather largely umbili- cated, orbicular, somewhat depressed, convex be- neath, white, encircled with three broad chestnut bands; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, rather flat- tened, obliquely striated, last whorl obtusely keeled at the periphery; aperture lunar-circular; lip thin, a little reflected, margins approximating. Gratetovp, Act. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, vol. xi. p. 409. pl. 1. f. 4. Hab. Madagascar. The chestnut bands being very broad and occupying more of the shell than the white ground upon which they are painted, make it appear as if the shell were white- banded upon a chestnut ground. Species 564. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Satieana. Hel. testé imperforatd, conicd, tenui- culd, striatuld et subtiliter malleaté, nitidiusculd, ci- nereo-lutescente, ad peripheriam fasciis duabus fusco- viridibus punctisque castaneis ornatd; spird conicd, acutiuscula ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo lineis concentricis impressis sculpto, subangulato, basi parum convero; apertura subobliqud, lunari-ovali, fasciis intus notatad ; peristomate tenui, expanso, pau- lulum refleco, allo, margine columellari calloso, late dilatato, appresso. Savie’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conical, rather thin, finely striated and indented, rather shining, ash- yellow, marked with chestnut dots and two brown- green bands at the periphery; spire conical, rather sharp; whorls five, rather convex, last whorl sculp- tured with impressed concentric lines, slightly angled, but little convex at the base ; aperture rather oblique, lunar-oval, marked interiorly with the bands; lip thin, expanded, a little reflected, white, columellar margin callous, broadly dilated, appressed. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 129. Hab. Guatemala (on the banks of St. John’s River); Sallé. The marking and general aspect of this shell reminds one in some measure of the rare and curious H. Macgil- livrayi of New Holland; from which it is nevertheless far removed and not of the same typical form. Species 565. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Burronrana. Hel. testd perangustd umbilicata, subglobosd, distincte granulatd, tenui, inflata, plicis validis obliquis exasperatd, castaned, albo irregulariter strigatd, fasciis nigricantibus obsolete ornatd; spira parvuld, conoided, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, con- vexis, ultimo permagno, vesiculari ; apertura lunato- ovali, intus lividd, subiridescente ; peristomate obtuso, marginibus conniventibus, columellari arcuato, forni- catim reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente, basali incrassato, breviter reflexo. Burron’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, subglo- bose, distinctly granulated, thin, inflated, roughened with strong oblique folds, chestnut, streaked irre- gularly with white, ornamented with three rather obsolete blackish bands; spire rather small, conoid, obtuse; whorls four, convex, the last very large, vesicular; aperture lunar-oval, livid and slightly iri- descent within; lip obtuse, with the margins ap- proximating, columellar margin arched, reflected in a vaulted manner over the umbilicus, basal margin thickened, shortly reflected. Pretrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 152. Hab. Interior of Mexico. This and the following characteristic Mexican species are quite of the European type, related in form and general aspect to the common //. aspersa of our gardens. Species 566. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Humpoupriana. Hel. testa angusté umbilicaté, subglobosd, oblique rugosa, granulosé, fasciis badiis cincté, epidermide fuscd strigatim indutd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo ventroso; apertura magna, lunato-rotundata, intus nilide alba, trifas- ciatd ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus, columellari late expanso, patente, basali subreflexo. Humpoupt’s Hetx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat glo- May, 1852. Se ee ee ee Os ae ni HELIX.—Puare CI. bose, obliquely wrinkled, granulated, encircled with three brown bands, covered with a brown-streaked epidermis ; whorls four, rather convex, the last ven- tricose ; aperture large, lunar-rounded, shining white and marked with the three bands within; lip simple, margins approximating, columellar margin broadly expanded, open, basal a little reflected. VALENCIENNES, Pfeiffer, Symbolw, vol. i. p. 37. Hab. Interior of Mexico. It is extremely doubtful whether this is really distinct from the preceding species. It may prove to be merely a different state of it. Species 567. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx semipecussata. el. testd viz umbilicatd, tenui, subtrochiformi, tumidiuscula, undique subtiliter gra- nato-decussatd, fulvo-brunned, basi leviore ; anfracti- bus sez, plano-convexis, ad suturas tenuicarinatis, ul- timo ad peripheriam carinato ; apertura lunari; peri- stomate simplici, paululum incrassato. THE sEMIDECUSSATED Heix. Shell scarcely umbili- cated, thin, somewhat Trochus-shaped, rather swollen, finely granularly decussated throughout, fulvous- brown, smoother at the base; whorls six, flatly con- vex, finely keeled at the sutures, last whorl keeled at the periphery ; aperture lunar ; lip simple, slightly thickened. PrerrFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Mauritius. A delicate bright fulvous-brown shell, with the surface granularly decussated, the granules at the base being almost obsolete. Helia, FU. CI. d68. ee 5696 260. A P| bo o HELIX. Species 568. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Anpicota. Hel, testd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, undique granulatd, opacd, corneo-albidd, fasciis pluri- bus rufis, interruptis, denticulatis vel maculoso-tessella- tis teniatd, interstitiis rufo-flammulatis ; spird plana; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo dilatato, rotun- dato ; apertura rotundato-lunari; peristomate tenui, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero breviter expanso, basali reflewiusculo, columellari dilatato, reflexo, umbi- licum angustum semitegente. Tue ANDES-INHABITING Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, granulated throughout, opake, horny- white, filleted with numerous red, interrupted, den- ticulated or spot-tessellated bands, the interstices between them being red-flamed; spire flat; whorls four, convex, the last dilated, rounded; aperture rotundately lunar; lip thin, margins joined by a thin eallosity, upper margin shortly expanded, basal a little reflected, columellar margin dilated and re- flected, half-covering a narrow umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 129. Has. Kastern Cordilleras, Columbia. The bands are very irregular, and in one or two in- stances are little more than lines. Species 569. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heurx rosaritum. Hel. testd umbilicaté, depressd, tenui, superne subtilissime granulatd, deinde oblique corru- gata, diaphand, pallidé fulvd, flammis a sutura ex- euntibus, cingulisque tribus moniliformibus rufis ornata; spird plana ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis, ultimo subdepresso, subtus lineis perpaucis spiralibus inciso, circa umbilicum infundibuliformem subcom- presso ; umbilico subobliquo, trigono-lunari ; peristo- mate subcalloso, reflexo. Tue rosary Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, very finely granulated at the upper part, then ob- liquely wrinkled, diaphanous, pale fulvous, orna- mented with three necklace-like bands, and with red flames coming out of the suture; spire flat; whorls four to five, convex, the last rather depressed, en- graved with a few spiral lines, slightly compressed around the funnel-shaped umbilicus ; umbilicus rather oblique, triangularly lunar; lip rather callous, re- flected. Puare CII. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 131. Hab. Banks of the Amazon, Brazil. A subtransparent horny shell, delicately pencilled with red-dot bands and flames. Species 570. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX caTeNntFERA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, sub- inflata, undique distincté granulata, tenui, subpellucida, corneo-albidd, cingulis rufo-maculatis maculisque ir- regularibus juxta suturam ornatd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, convexis; umbilico subamplo; apertura lunari ; peristomate tenui, subreflexo. THE CHAIN-BEARING Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, somewhat inflated, distinctly granulated throughout, thin, rather transparent, horny-white, ornamented with red-dotted bands, with irregular blotches next the suture ; whorls five to six, convex ; umbilicus rather large; aperture lunar; lip thin, somewhat reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Andes of New Granada. The painting of this species is very similar to that of the last, except that instead of being in regular flames next the suture, it is in irregular blotches. There are no oblique wrinkles on the surface, which is distinctly gra- nulated throughout. Species 571. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx scererostoma. Hel. testd lat2 umbilicata, tenui, subdiscoided, squamato-granosd, setis brevibus instructa, pellucido-spadiced, maculis punctisque rufis subirregu- lariter tinctd et fasciatd ; spiré depresso-concavd ; an- Jractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis ; apertura Iu- nato-circulari ; peristomate ezpanso, subreflero, purpu- rascente. Tue PoLLUTED-MoUuTH Hextx. Shell broadly umbilicated, thin, somewhat discoid, squamately granose, furnished with short bristles, transparent fawn-colour, some- what irregularly stained and banded with red spots and dots; spire depressly concave; whorls four to five, convex; aperture lunar-circular; lip expanded, a little reflected, stained with purple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab, Gualea, Ecuador; Bourcier. June, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CITI. The granules are in this species developed into scales, as on the surface of a coarse file, from which short bristles are emitted. Species 572. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix MONILE. Hel. testd latissimée umbilicatd, subdis- coided, superne impressd, tenui, minutissime granulata, translucidd, pallid2 corned, superné maculis strigisve rufis angulatis moniliformibus ornatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convewis, ultimo inflato ; apertura verticali, lunato-circulari; peristomate simplici, su- perne breviter expanso, basi reflexo. Tue NEcKLAcE Hetrx. Shell very broadly umbilicated, somewhat discoid, impressed at the upper part, thin, very minutely granulated, transparent, pale horny, ornamented with angular necklace-like red spots and streaks; whorls four to five, convex, the last inflated; aperture vertical, lunar-circular; lip simple, shortly expanded at the upper part, reflected at the base. BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 29. Helix planorbis, Jay. Hab. Salango, Columbia; Cuming. Of more solid structure and of a more discoid growth than the preceding species. Species 573. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix wtans. Hel. testé subobtect2 umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, pellucida, nitidiusculd, undique regulariter et confertim granulatd, pallid2 corned, strigis angustis, rufis, approximatis, undulatis, interdum ramosis et ad suturam fascia pallida, maculis irregularibus rufis tes- sellatd, ornatd ; spird plana ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis, ultimo inflato, subcompresso, antic? viz descendente ; apertura subobliqud, ampla, lunato- rotundatd ; peristomate tenui, expanso. Tue GapInG Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, depressed, thin, transparent, rather shining, regularly and closely granuled throughout, pale horny, ornamented with close-set, waved, narrow, red streaks, sometimes branching, and with a pale band next the suture tessellated with irregular red blotches; spire flat; whorls four to five, convex, the last inflated, somewhat compressed, but little de- scending in front; aperture rather oblique, large, lunar-rounded ; lip thin, expanded. PrerrFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 130. Hab. ? This belongs to the same type, and is doubtless from the same locality, as the preceding species of this Plate, but the umbilicus is small and nearly covered over by the reflected expansion of the columellar margin of the lip. JSC. Hi lia, lak CTS: i HELIX, Puate CIV. Species 574. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLIx BrrascraTa. Hel. testd imperforatd, acute conicd, Trochiformi, tenui, subdiaphand, albida vel rosea, ni- gricante-rufo varie cingulatd ; anfractibus septem, su- perne convexis deinde concavis, ultimo acut2 carinato, antice non descendente, basi vix convexo; aperturé perobliqua, triangulari ; peristomate simplici, albo vel roseo, margine supero expanso, basali reflexo. THE TWO-BANDED Hextx. Shell imperforated, sharply conical, Trochus-shaped, thin, rather diaphanous, whitish or rose, variously banded with blackish-red ; whorls seven, convex at the upper part, then concave, the last sharply keeled, not descending in front, a little convex at the base; aperture very oblique, tri- angular; lip simple, white or rose, upper margin expanded, basal reflected. Trochus bifasciatus, Burrows, Elements of Conchology, pl. 27. f. 2. 5 Carocolla bifasciata, Gray. Helix pyramidella, Wagner. Helix Bosciana, Férussac. Helix Blanchetiana, Moricand. Helicina pyramidella, Spix. Hab. Brazil, Bahia. Although described as variously banded, the bands are mostly two in number, the lower one, as in the specimen here figured, being the broader. Species 575. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Hartweer. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressa, cari- natd, solida, striatuld, fused; spird vix elevatd ; an- fractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo basi paulo con- veriore, anticé non descendente; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura perobliquad, irregulariter subqua- draté ; peristomate albo, incrassato, breviter reflexo, marginibus callo junctis, dextro sinuoso, basali subrecto, dilatato, introrsum calloso, dente unico interposito. Harrwee’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, keeled, solid, finely striated, brown; spire but little raised ; whorls five, rather flat, the last a little more convex at the base, not descending in front ; umbilicus nar- row, open; aperture very oblique, irregularly sub- quadrate ; lip white, thickened, shortly reflected, margins joined by a callosity, right margin sinuous, basal nearly straight, dilated, callons inwardly, with a single tooth interposed. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 126. Hah. ¥) Catamaija, near Loxa, Ecuador; Hartweg. A solid brown depressed shell, with a somewhat con- tracted aperture and callous lip. Species 576. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Guittarmapi. Hel. testa imperforatd, lenticulari- depressit, solidiusculd, acute carinatd, lavigatd cel sub- tilissimd striata, supernd stramined, aperturam versus roseo-aurantio tinctd ; sutura opaco-alha, fascia angusta Susco-nigra jucta carinam cingulata, subtus alba, fascia latiore fusco-nigrd cingulala ; spird obtusa; anfrac- tibus quatuor, plano-convezris ; apertura subtrigono- ovata ; peristomate calloso, reflexo, alho. GuItLarMap’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, lenticularly depressed, rather solid, sharply keeled, smooth or very finely striated, straw-colour at the upper part, tinged with rose-orange towards the aperture; su- ture opake-white, encircled with a narrow brown- black band next the keel, white beneath, encircled with a broader black-brown band; spire obtuse ; whorls four, flatly convex; aperture somewhat tri- angularly ovate ; lip callous, reflected, white. SnutrLtewortu, MSS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Vera Cruz. A very characteristic species, in which the bands, at first obsolete and scarcely marked, become gradually broader and darker towards the aperture, when a second band is faintly marked next the suture. Species 577. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TRIGRAMMEPHORA. lel. testa umbilicata, orticu- lato-converiusculd, striatuld, nitidd, flaco-albida, lineis castaneis ornata ; spird brevi, obluséd ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ullimo anticé descendente ; apertura rotundatg-lunari ; peristomate subsimplici, albo, marginibus conniventibus, supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato, umbilicum mediocrem won occultante. THE THREE-LINE HELIX. rather convex, finely striated, shining, yellowish- Shell umbilicated, orbicularly June, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CIV. white, ornamented with three chestnut lines; spire short, obtuse; whorls five, rather convex, the last descending in front; aperture rotundately lunar; lip rather simple, white, margins approximating, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar dilated, not sufficient to conceal the umbilicus. D’Orwiayy, Voyage dans ?Amér. Mérid. p. 242. pl. 25. f. 9-11. Hab. Bolivia; D’Orbigny. A semitransparent yellowish shell, encircled with three conspicuous chestnut lines, of which the middle one is on the periphery of the whorls. Species 578, (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Esterua. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globuloso-de- pressd, tenui, diaphand, irregulariter malleatd, brun- neo-flavicante vel olivaced, fascid unicd rufo-brunned ornatd ; spird brevi, apice obtusd, brunned ; anfracti- bus quatuor, convexis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; apertura lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate reflexo, albo, margine columellari dilatato, appresso, umbilicum fere occul- tante. Tae Estevta Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globularly depressed, thin, diaphanous, irregularly indented, brownish-yellow or olive, ornamented with a single red-brown band; spire short, obtuse at the apex; whorls four, convex, the last deflected in front; aper- ture lunately circular; lip reflected, white, columellar margin dilated, appressed, almost concealing the um- bilicus. D’Orpieny, Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid. p. 241. pl. 25. f. 5-8. Hab. Bolivia; D’Orbigny. The surface of this species is peculiarly closely indented throughout. Species 579. (Mus, Cuming.) Hevix Grirritut. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressa, solidiusculd, levigatd, superne leviter striatuld, olivaceo-fuscd, corned ; spird breviter elevatd, conoidea ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo ad suturam cas- taneo-marginato, ventroso ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura vix obliqud, amplé, rotundato-lunari, intus iridescente ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. GrirFitH’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, rather solid, smooth, finely striated at the upper part, olive-brown, horny; spire a little raised, conoid ; whorls six, rather convex, the last ventricose and edged with chestnut at the suture; umbilicus middling, open; aperture a little oblique, large, ro- tundately lunar, iridescent within; lip simple, sharp, margins joined by a very thin callosity. Pre1rrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 127. Hab. ? A dark horny species of solid growth, convoluted much after the manner of a Cyclostoma. Species 580. (Mus. Cuming.) He.ix strosiivus. Hel. testa imperforatd, conico-globosa, oblique striata, nitidé, nigricante-castaned, interdum cingulo lato fusco circumdatd, circa columellam area flava ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexris, ultimo basi planulato, antice deflexo; aperturd lunato-ovali ; columella lata, alba, intrante, excavatd ; peristomate albo, refleco, margine columellari declivi. Tue PINE-APPLE Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conically globose, obliquely striated, shining, dark chestnut, sometimes encircled with a broad brown band, co- lumellar area yellowish; whorls five to six, convex, the last flattened at the base, deflected in front; aperture lunar-oval; columella broad, white, enter- ing, excavated ; lip white, reflected, columellar mar- gin slanting. Frrussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 103. f. 1. An eadem var. Helix mamitla, Lea. Hab. Guatemala. A very dark reddish-chestnut shell of solid growth, concavely hollowed about the columella. AN? d8o. Aelvx, PUCK HELIX. Prate CV. Species 581. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx curvinaprum. Tel. testé umbilicatd, conicd, basi acute carinatd, levi, flavicante, prope suturam cingulo lato rufo-castaneo ornatd, basi planiusculd, omnino cas- taned ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planatis ; apertura subangulald, depressd, obliqud, margine superiore dila- talo, inflexo; peristomate incrassato. THE curvED-LIP Hetrx. Shell umbilicated; conical, sharply keeled at the base, smooth, yellowish, orna- mented with a broad reddish-chestnut belt near the suture, rather flat and chestnut-coloured at the base ; whorls five to six, flattened ; aperture somewhat an- gular, depressed, oblique, upper margin dilated, in- flected ; lip thickened. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59. pl. 14. f. 9, 4. Hab. Philippine Islands. A flat conical shell, conspicuously umbilicated, with the upper lip peculiarly curved at the edge. The base is of a dark reddish-chestnut, the spire yellowish, encircled by a chestnut belt next the suture. Species 582. (Mus. Belcher.) Hewrx troprpopnora. Hel. testdé imperforatd, subdis- coided, acute et fortiter carinata, brunned, striis minutis confertis reticulata ; anfractibus quinque, convexiuscu- lis ; apertura lunato-transversd, angulatd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE KEEL-BEARING Herx. Shell imperforated, some- what discoid, sharply and prominently keeled, brown, reticulated with close-set minute striz; whorls five, rather convex ; aperture lunar-transverse, angled ; lip simple, sharp. Apams and Rexrve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59. pl. 14. f. 14. Hab. Borneo. A comparatively thin shell, with simple lip, sharply and prominently keeled, with a shining horny base. Species 583. (Mus. Belcher.) Hevix trapita. Hel. testd late et profunde umbilicatd, discoided, olivaced, obligud striatd, striis transversis distinctis decussatd ; spirdé depressd ; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, rotundatis; apertura lunato-rotundatd, labro simplici, acuto. THE TRADITIONAL Hexix. Shell broadly and deeply umbilicated, discoid, olive, obliquely striated, decus- sated with distinct transverse striw ; spire depressed ; whorls four to five, rounded; aperture lunately rounded, lip simple, sharp. Helix obscurata, Adams and Reeve (not of Porro), Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59. pl. 14. f. 18. Hab. Borneo (under decayed leaves in the forests); Adams. A small rounded species, belonging to the type repre- sented in Pl. 97. Sp. 530-534. Species 584. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TRIGONOsTOMA. Jel. testa imperforata, Trochi- Sormi, tenui, oblique striatuld, lineis nonnullis concen- tricis impressis notatd, alba, fasciis supern2 linearibus, basi latioribus, fusco-violaceis ornatd ; spird late co- nica ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo spiram superante, obsolete angulato ; columella brevi, callosé ; aperturaé subtriangulari; peristomate simplici, margine supero parum expanso, columellari appresso, reflexo. THE TRIANGULAR-MOUTH Hetrx. Shell imperforated, Trochus-shaped, thin, obliquely finely striated, marked with some concentric impressed lines, white, orna- mented with brown-violet bands, which on the upper part of the shell are linear, on the lower broader ; spire broadly conical ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last exceeding the spire, obsoletely angled; colu- mella short, callous; aperture somewhat triangular ; lip simple, upper margin but little expanded, colu- mellar margin appressed, reflected. PreirrER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 41. Hab. Vera Cruz, Honduras. A characteristic milk-white shell encireled with brown- violet lines about the spire, and with distinct bands at the base. Species 585. (Mus. Belcher.) Hetix caturostoma. lel. testa obtectd umbilicatd, sub- conicd, acutd carinald, supernd planiusculd, oblique striatd, striis interruptis, lineis impressis conferté de- cussald, albd, cingulis angustis maculisque rufo-ciolas- centibus circumdald ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo infra carinam concavo, basi con- June, 1852. : HELIX.—Puate CV. vero, reticulato-striato, rufo multifasciato ; apertura angulata, depressi, purpureo-violascente ; peristomate intus incrassato, rubicundo. THE BEAUTIFUL MouTH Hewtx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, subconical, sharply keeled, rather flat about the upper part, obliquely striated, strie inter- rupted, closely decussated with impressed lines, white, encircled with red-violet blotches and narrow bands ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last concave beneath the keel, convex at the base, reticulately stri- ated and profusely red-banded ; aperture angled, de- pressed, purple-violet ; lip thickened inwardly, red. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59. pl. 14. f. 7a, d. Hab. ? A solid, depressed, sharply angular species, encircled throughout with irregular reddish-violet and purple-brown linear bands, whilst the aperture is deeply stained with violet-red. Species 586. (Mus. Belcher.) Heurx pecora. Hel. testd imperforatd, conoideo-globosd, pallidé stramined, epidermide spadiced indutd, oblique striatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo sub- carinato ; apertura lunato-orbiculari, intus alba; peri- stomate reflexo, albo, nitente. GRACEFUL Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conoidly globose, pale straw-colour, covered with a fawn epi- dermis, obliquely striated; whorls four, rather flat, the last faintly keeled ; aperture lunar-orbicular, white within ; lip reflected, white, shining. Apams and Regve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 62. pl. Gosia: Hai. (sland of Mindoro, Philippines; Adams. A smooth solid shell of a delicate shining straw-colour, the upper portion of the shell being covered with a fawn epidermis. THE Species 587. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix canescens. el. testd subobtecte umbilicatd, glo- bosa, opaco-alba, strigis obliquis lineisque plurimis con- centricis nigricantibus interruptis interdum fascia con- spicud centrali ornatd ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo rotundato-inflato ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristo- mate intus incrassato, in margine columellari calloso. THe Grey Hexrx. Shell with a partially covered umbi- licus, globose, opake-white, ornamented with oblique blackish streaks and numerous interrupted lines, with sometimes a conspicuous central band; whorls five, the last rotundately inflated ; aperture ]unar-rounded ; lip thickened within, callous at the columellar edge. Apams and Rerve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 62. pl. 16. f. 10. Hab. Africa. A globose white shell with simple lip, variously streaked and linear-banded in an interrupted manner with rusty black. Species 588. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Baranica. Hel. testé angusté umbilicatd, sub- globosa, sinistrali, albidd, fasciis fusco-rubris circumda- td, epidermide olivaceo-luted indutd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexiusculis, transversim oblique striatis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura transverse lunari; peristomate in- crassato, subreflexo. Tue Baran Hewix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, some- what globose, sinistral, whitish, encircled with brown- red bands, and covered with an olive-yellow epider- mis; whorls five, rather convex, transversely obliquely striated, the last rounded ; aperture transversely lunar; lip thickened, slightly reflected. Apams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 60. pl. 15. f. 5. Hab. Island of Batan, Bashee Group (under weeds and low plants on the ground); Adams. Several specimens of this rare species were collected at the above-mentioned locality during the voyage of the Samarang, all distinctly characterized, with little or no variation of colour or marking. IFO 5g92@ oGZ: 4 2&4. 99d: ISI The (Lr, CVI 2 590° HELIX. Prate CVI. Species 589. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx pruerrormis. Hel. testa umbilicaté, pyramidali- Trochiformi, tenui, striata, fragili, olivaceo-fusca ; spird elatd, conicd, acuta; anfractibus septem, plana- tis, ultimo carinato, basi convexiusculo ; apertura sub- quadrangulari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro et basali expansis, columellari di- latato, refleco, umbilicum fere ocultante. Tue cap-sHaPpeD Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, pyrami- dally Trochus-shaped, thin, striated, fragile, olive- brown; spire raised, conical, sharp; whorls seven, flattened, the last keeled, rather convex; aperture somewhat square; lip simple, margins joined by a thin callosity, right and basal margins expanded, columellar dilated, reflected, nearly concealing the umbilicus. Moricanp, Mémoires Nat. Hist. Soc. Geneva, vol. vii. part 2. p. 420. pl. 2. f. 2. Has. Brazil; Moricand. A delicate pyramidal shell of horny texture, partici- pating in the generic characters of Bulimus. Species 590. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetix sutpuurosa. Hel. testdé imperforatd, subglobosd, inflatd, levigatd, sulphured ; spird pared, abbreviatd ; suturis rubidis ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis ; aper- tura lunari-ovali, labro simplici, intus subincrassato. THE BRIMSTONE-COLOURED He.ix. Shell imperforated, somewhat globose, inflated, smooth, brimstone-co- loured; spire small, short; sutures ruddy; whorls four, convex; aperture lunar-oval, lip simple, thick- » ened inwardly. Moretet, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. ? It is extremely doubtful whether this is distinct from H. picta. It varies a little from the ordinary form of that species, and Dr. Pfeiffer has confirmed the view taken of it by M. Morelet. Species 591. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix MENKEANA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressa, subtus convexiore, tenuiusculd, levi, alba, fasciis fuscis, su- premaé latissimd, punctisque promiscuis ornatd, epi- dermide pallidé corned diaphand induta; spird de- pressa ; anfractibus quatuor, vix convexiusculis, celeri- ter accrescentibus ; apertura subverticali, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari su- perne perdilatato, reflexo. Menxe’s Herx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, convex beneath, rather thin, smooth, white, ornamented with three to four brown bands, the uppermost of which is the broadest, and with promiscuous dots, and covered with a pale horny transparent epidermis ; spire depressed ; whorls four, rather convex, increas- ing rapidly; aperture subvertical, lunar-oval; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin much dilated at the upper part, reflected. PFEIFFER, Symbols, vol. ii. p. 33. Hab. Cape of Good Hope; Krauss. Peculiarly promiscuously dotted throughout in a man- ner resembling the appearance of fly-spots. Species 592. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TRIZONALIS. Hel. testé umbilicatd, crassiuscula, orbiculato-convera, subglobosd, eleganter sulcato-plica- tuld, pallide lutescente, conis tribus vivide castaneis cingulatd, basi immaculatd ; anfractibus quatuor, con- vezis, ultimo pone labrum peculiariter scrobiculato ; aperturé oblique ovata, intus bidentata, dente altero ad marginem basalem, altero in fauce; peristomate ex- panso, refleco, ad columellam appresso-dilatato, umbi- licum fere tegente. THE THREE-ZONED Heurx. Shell umbilicated, rather thick, orbicularly convex, subglobose, elegantly finely plicated and grooved, pale yellow, encircled with three bright chestnut bands, base unspotted ; whorls four, convex, the last peculiarly furrowed behind the lip; aperture obliquely ovate, two-toothed within, one tooth on the basal margin, the other in the throat of the aperture ; lip expanded, reflected, appressly di- lated at the columella, almost covering the umbilicus. Gratetovp, Act. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, vol. xi. p. 401. pl. 1. f. 8. Hab. Cuba. A shell of solid growth, approximating to the H. sinuata form of Jamaica, but nevertheless distinct from it both specifically and typically. June, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CVI. Species 593. (Mus. Cuming.) A dark solid shell, nearly allied in form and general Herrx Kusrenr. Hel. tert subumbilicaté, orbiowlate- | Sbaracter to H. curvilabrum. convexd, solidd, striatd, carinatd, castaned, apice fulvd ; spira parum elevatd, obtusd ; suturd marginatd ; an- fractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé Hevix pivuta. Hel. test@ umbilicata, depress, orbicu- Species 594, (Mus. Cuming.) non descendente, basi vix convexo ; apertura depressa, lunato-triangulari ; peristomate recto, margine supero simplici, antrorsum arcuato, basali strictiusculo, calloso, incrassato, columellari brevissimo. Kusrer’s Herrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, solid, striated, keeled, chestnut, fulvous at the apex; spire but little raised, obtuse ; suture mar- gined; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last not descending in front, slightly convex at the base ; aperture depressed, lunar-triangular; lip straight, upper margin simple, arched in front, basal margin rather drawn out, callous, thickened, columellar mar- lari, tenui, pellucida, flavo-corned, fasciis ornatd, me- did saturate rufa, super et inferd latioribus dilutis ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura perobliqud, lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, margine columellari expanso, carneo. Tue wasHEeD Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, or- bicular, thin, pellucid, yellowish-horny, ornamented with three bands, the middle one dark red, the upper and lower ones fading into the ground-colour of the shell; whorls four, rather flat; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture very oblique, lunar; lip simple, co- lumellar margin expanded, flesh-tinged. PFEIFFER, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 27. Hab. Cusco, Peru. Banded with dark chestnut on a thin greenish ground. gin very short. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 153. Hab. Tahiti. Helix, LU. CVU. SIS. 556 | eat: verby, ded et hth F Reeve HELIX. Pirate CVII. Species 595. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx coactiiata. Hel. testd laté umbilicata, depressd, subdiscoided, tenui, sub lente minutissime granulato-stri- atd, haud nitente, pallide corned, fasciis angustis rufis ornatd ; spird vix elevaté ; anfractibus quatuor, con- vevis, ultimo anticé subdeflexo, basi vix latiore ; aper- turd perobliquad, subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus fere contiguis, supero recto, basali breviter reflexo. Tur FELTED Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, somewhat discoid, thin, very minutely gra- nularly striated beneath the lens, not shining, pale horny, ornamented with three to four narrow red bands ; spire but little raised; whorls four, convex, the last a little deflected in front, scarcely broader at the base; aperture very oblique, nearly circular ; lip simple, margins nearly contiguous, upper margin straight, basal shortly reflected. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. (Deshayes’ edit.) p. 18. pl. 72. f. 1-5. Helix Nystiana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Central America. A nearly discoid light horny shell, encircled with three distant red lines. ; Species 596. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ORNATELLA. Hel. testa imperforald, orbiculato- convexiusculd, leciter striatuld, nitidissima, fulvescente- luted, unicolore vel fasciis saturate fulvis et castaneis multimode ornatd et radiata ; spird convexiusculd, ob- tusd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, via convewiusculis, ultimo basi planiore; aperturé rotundato-lunari ; pe- ristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari subobli- quo, dilatato, albo. THE ORNAMENTED Hewrx. Shell imperforated, orbicu- larly rather convex, finely striated, very shining, ful- vous-yellow, of one colour, or variously ornamented and rayed with dark fulvous or chestnut bands ; spire rather convex, obtuse; whorls three to four, slightly convex, the last flatter at the base; aperture rotun- dately lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin rather oblique, dilated, white. Prerrrer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 36. Hab. Pitcairn’s Island, and island of Opara; Cuming. A shining horny species, sometimes pale yellow, some- times prettily painted with dark bands. Species 597. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX HELIGMOIDEA. Hel. test latissim2 umbilicaté, depressissima, discoided, lavigatd, luteo-corned ; spird planissimd, medio subimpressa ; anfractibus novem, convexiusculis, utringue equalibus ; apertura oblique semiovali, sinuosd ; peristomate breviter reflero, mar- ginibus callo valido dentiformi triquetro junctis, su- pero medio impresso, intus unidentato. Tue HELIcoID Herix. Shell very broadly umbilicated, very depressed, discoid, smooth, yellowish-horny ; spire very flat, slightly impressed in the middle i whorls nine, rather convex, equal on both sides ; aperture oblique, semioval, sinuous; lip shortly reflected, margins joined by a strong triangularly- shaped tooth-like callosity, upper margin impressed in the middle, toothed within. D’Orpieny, Voyage dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 237. pl. 23. f. 1-4. Hab. Guayaquil. A flattened closely convoluted shell, completely discoid, after the manner of a Planorbis. Species 598. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Tuars. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-conica, acut? carinatd, tenui, corned, saturat2 fusca, superne striis concentricis et obliquis subtiliter decussaté, in- ferne lavigatd, nitente ; anfractibus sez, planatis ; aperturé trigono-lunari ; labro simplici, ad columellam subexcavato. Tur Tuais Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly coni- cal, sharply keeled, thin, horny, dark brown, finely decussated about the upper part with oblique and concentric stri, smooth and shining at the lower; whorls six, flattened ; aperture triangularly lunar; lip simple, slightly excavated about the columella. Jacauinor, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1849. p. 63. Hab. Marquesas Islands. A thin dark brown horny shell of simple character, de- cussately striated above, smooth and shining beneath. June, 1852. ~ HELIX.—Puate CVII. Species 599. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx wetreyciomes. Hel. testé latissimé umbilicatd, discoided, supra concavo-pland, infra excavatd, griseo- flavicante, subdiaphand ; anfractibus decem, superné planatis, deinde rotundatis; aperturé parva, semi- lunari ; labro simplici, subincrassato, albo. Tuer neLIcycLorD Hexix. Shell very broadly umbili- cated, discoid, concavely flattened above, excavated beneath, greyish-yellow, subdiaphanous ; whorls ten, flattened at the upper part, then rounded; aperture small, semilunar ; lip simple, rather thickened, white. D’Orsieny, Voyage dans lAmér. Mérid. p. 246. pl. 28. f. 1-4. Hab. Bolivia. A very depressed shell of discoid growth, convoluted on a plane with the spire after the manner of the Brazilian H. polygyrata. Species 600. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Wooprana. Hel. testé umbilicaté, subdepresso- orbiculari, corned, pellucidd, levigatd, nitente ; an- Sractibus sex, convexis, ad suturam submarginatis, ul- timo obsolete obtusé carinato ; aperturd transverse lu- nari; labro simplici. Woop’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat depressed, orbicular, horny, transparent, smooth, shining; whorls six, convex, slightly margined at the suture, last whorl obsoletely obtusely keeled; aperture transversely lu- nar; lip simple. PreiFrrek (not of Lea), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Ceylon; Layard. A fine horny shell of somewhat glassy texture, with a simple lip and small umbilicus. Fig. 601. (Mus. Cuming.) This little shell proves to be a variety of HZ. tropidophora, represented at P]. CVII. Sp. 583. Species 602. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix orsicuta. Hel. testd lat2 umbilicatd, subdiscoided, subliliter striatuld, nitida, diaphand, griseo-flavicante ; spird vie elevata, obtusissimd ; anfractibus septem ad octo, convexiusculis, ultimo basi vir latiore, non descen- dente ; umbilico latissimo, tertiam anfractuum latitudi- nis partem monstrante ; apertura vix obliqua, rotundato- lunari ; peristomate tenui, acuto. THE LITTLE orB Hexix. Shell broadly umbilicated, nearly discoid, finely striated, shining, diaphanous, greyish-yellow ; spire but little raised, very obtuse ; whorls seven to eight, rather convex, the last scarcely broader at the base, not descending; umbilicus very broad, showing one-third part of the width of the whorls ; aperture a little oblique, rotundately lunar ; lip thin, sharp. D’Orxieny, Voyage dans lAmér. Mérid. p. 250. pl. 27 f. 16-19. Hab. Bolivia. Resembling the other Bolivian species figured above it, but of less discoid growth. Helva, Ft. CVI & 3 4 } wear) 7s @ DU Ly : OU4 HELIX. Prate CVIII. Species 603. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX approximatTa. el. testd umbilicatd, abbreviato- conicd, carinatd, fuscd, cinereo-lutescente variegata ; anfractibus sex, subconvexis, basi depressis, ultimo mar- gine acuto, subtus convexo, radiatim tenuiter striolato, striis concentricis signato ; spird conico-depressa ; um- bilico profundo ; apertura oblique quadratd, incrassaté, anterius aculd, superné productd eateriusque com- pressa. THe atLieD Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, shortly conical, keeled, brown, variegated with ash-yellow; whorls six, slightly convex, depressed at the base, edge of the last whorl sharp, convex beneath, radiately finely striated, marked with concentric strie; spire coni- cally depressed ; umbilicus deep; aperture obliquely quadrate, thickened, sharp in front, produced at the upper part, and compressed outwardly. Le Guritov, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1842. p. 139. Hab. Island of Ternate. The variegated ash-yellow colouring of this shell arises from the promiscuous sprinkling of a thin epidermis upon a dark-brown band next the keel. Species 604. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Brarprana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subgloboso-tur- binatd, tenui, corneo-fuscd, pellucida, oblique creberrime plicato-striaté ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo obtusé carinato, tumidiusculo ; apertura lunato-circu- lari; peristomate tenui, subexpanso. Brarb’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globosely turbinated, thin, horny-brown, transparent, obliquely very closely plicately striated; whorls five, convex, the last obtusely keeled, rather swollen; aperture lunately circular; lip thin, a little expanded. PrerrFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Island of Bourbon. A transparent brown-horny shell, covered in parts with a light opake freckled epidermis. Species 605. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Zournceri. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicata, depressissimo-conicd, subtus medio excavata, laevigata, saturate rufo-brunned ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quin- que, plano-convezis, tenuimarginatis, ultimo acutissime carinato ; apertura depresso-securiformi, labro sim- plici. ZOLLINGER’s Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, very depressly conical, excavated in the middle beneath, smooth, dark red-brown; spire obtuse , whorls five, flatly convex, thinly margined, last whorl very sharply keeled; aperture depressly hatchet- shaped, lip thin. PretrrER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Java. A flatly compressed, largely umbilicated shell, of a pecu- liar dark red-brown colour. Species 606. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Trocuirormis. Tiel. testd umbilicatd, solidé, Trochiformi, apice obtusa, basi pland, acut2 carinata, oblique ruguloso-striatd, saturate rufa vel fusco-luted, nigricante-fasciatd ; anfractilus sex, supra carinam prominentem stramineam vel opaco-albam convexiuscu- lis ; umbilico angusto, percio; apertura irregulariter rhombed ; peristomate superné simplici, recto, antror- sum dilatato, margine columellari rect2 descendente, subdilatato, basali reflexiusculo. Tre Trocuvs-sHAPED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, solid, Trochus-shaped, obtuse at the apex, flat at the base, sharply keeled, obliquely rugulosely striated, dark red or brownish-yellow, banded with brown-black , whorls six, rather convex above the keel, which is straw-coloured or opake-white; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture irregularly rhomboid ; lip simple and straight at the upper part, dilated in front, columel- lar margin descending straightly, somewhat dilated, basal margin a little reflected. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 301. Carocolla circumdata, Mihlfeldt. Hab. Islands of Tahiti and Opara. The colour and marking of this species is extremely variable. The specimen represented at Fig. 606 a is en- circled with a broad brown-black band, against which the fine keel is opake-white. That at Fig. 606 4 is simple, encircled with a red line upon a straw-coloured ground. June, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CVIII. Species 607. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Swarnsoni. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressissimd, tenui, pellucidé, subarcuatim ruguloso-striatd, vires- cente-fulvd, lineis rufis ornatd ; anfractibus quinque, depressis, medio convexiusculis, carinatis, carind acuta ; umbilico mediocri, profundo ; apertura perobliqua, de- presse. securiformi ; peristomate simplici, recto, mar- gine columellari subincrassato. Swatnson’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, very depressed on both sides, thin, pellucid, somewhat arcuately roughly striated, greenish-yellow, ornamented with two red lines; whorls five, depressed, rather convex in the middle, keeled, keel sharp ; umbilicus middling, deep; aperture very deep, depressly hatchet-shaped ; lip simple, straight, columellar margin rather thick- ened. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 28. Hah. Tahiti. Very closely allied to H. Zollingeri figured above it. Of the two red lines mentioned in the description, one is above the keel and the other below it, but they are not always present, and the shell is sometimes partially co- yered with a light freckled epidermis. Species 608. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heutx Eminrana. Hel. testé minute umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, olivaceo-corned, basi converd, levi, tumidulé, superne creberrime costulato-striatd, striis peculiariter granulatis ; spird apicem versus elevatd ; anfractibus sex, converis, ultimo acute carinato ; apertura trans- verse ovata, labro simplici. Emiv’s Hetrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, olive-horny, convex at the base, smooth and rather swollen, very closely rib-like striated at the upper part, ribs peculiarly granuled ; spire raised towards the apex ; whorls six, convex, the last sharply keeled; aperture transversely ovate, lip simple. PrerFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Ceylon; Layard. A thin horny shell, characterized by a very remarkable fine grain-ribbed sculpture on the upper surface, while all below the keel is smooth and polished. Fig. 609. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured appears to be identical with Z. Swainsoni figured above it, and both answer to the H. Eu- rydice described in the same year by Dr. Gould, among the new shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition. HH. Zollingeri may prove to be only another variety of the same. 672. Helar, Ft. CIN. HELIX. Puate CIX. Species 610, (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Sanpvicensis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, striata, nitiduld, luteo-corned ; spird pland, suturd im- pressa; anfractibus quinque ad sex, lente uccrescentibus, ultimo depresso, basi vix convexiore; umbilico lato, dimidium fere diametri occupante; apertura parum obliqud, lunari-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, recto, tenui, marginibus conniventibus. Tur Sanpwicu Herrx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, stri- ated, shining, yellowish-horny ; spire flat, suture im- pressed; whorls five to six, increasing slowly, the last depressed, scarcely broader at the base; umbili- cus broad, occupying nearly half the diameter of the shell; aperture a little oblique, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, straight, thin, margins approximating. Pre1rFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 128. Had. Sandwich Islands. An opake horny shell of nearly discoid growth. Species 611. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Herx Tiara. Hel. testa late et profundé umbilicatd, de- presse turbinatd, subrudé oblique striata, flavicante, strigis fulguratis rufo-brunneis ornatd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis; aperturd lunato-circulari, labro simplici, tenui. Tue TuRBAN Hetrx. Shell broadly and deeply umbili- cated, depressly turbinated, somewhat rudely obliquely striated, yellowish, ornamented with red-brown zigzag streaks ; whorls five to six, convex; aperture lunar- circular, lip simple, thin. Micuets, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U. 8. 1845, p. 19. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Mighels. A conspicuously red-streaked shell, distinguished by a very broad and deep umbilicus. Species 612. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Powrstana. Hel. testa imperforatd, depressa, superne convexiusculd, basi planiusculd, medio impressd, tenuissimd, striatuld, nitidissimd, corned ; anfractibus plane involutis, ultimo antice oblique depresso ; aper- turd depressd, lunato-oblonga ; peristomate simplici, recto, marginibus utrinque centro teste insertis, dextro antrorsum arcuato-dilatato. Powts’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, rather convex at the upper part, rather flattened at the base, impressed in the middle, very thin, finely striated, very shining, horny; whorls involuted upon the same plane, the last obliquely depressed in front; aperture depressed, lunar-oblong; lip simple, straight, margins inserted in the centre of the shell on either side, right margin arcuately dilated in front. Preirrer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 34. Helix involuta, Pfeiffer (in Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845). Hab. Quendeu, New Granada. A bright transparent horny shell, in which the whorls are involuted one into the other after the manner of Vaw- tilus. Species 613. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Virrina. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, depress, subdiscoided, striatuld, nitidissima, pellucida, corneo- lutescente ; spird pland, subexcavata ; anfractibus qua- tuor, convexiusculis, rapid? accrescentibus, ultimo lato, depresso, peripherid rotundaté, anticé non descendente ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero antrorsum arcuato, columellari non reflexo. Virrina Hetix. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, nearly discoid, finely striated, very shining, transparent, horny-yellow; spire flat, a little exca- vated ; whorls four, rather convex, increasing rapidly, last whorl broad, depressed, rounded at the periphery, THE not descending in front; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip simple, sharp, upper margin arched in front, colume!- lar margin not reflected. WaGne_r, in Spix Test. Bras. p. 25. Helix circumplexa, Férussac. Solarium imperforatum, Spix. Testa junior Helix nana, Wagner. Solarium pygmeun, Spix. Hab. South Brazil. Of thin bright transparent horny texture, convoluted in a manner nearly discoid. Species 614. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Layarpi. Hel. testd viz unbilicala, conico-turbi- June, 1852. “= 5 4s, _ HELIX.—Puare CIX. natd, inflata, sub-Trochiformi, tenui, pellucido-corneo- albidé, superne lineis concentricis et obliquis creberrimé decussatd, inferne laevigata, nitente ; spird acutd ; an- fractibus sea, convewiusculis, ultimo carinato, basi tu- mido ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, ad colu- mellam tenue dilatato et reflexo, umbilicum fere tegente. Layarp’s Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, conically turbinated, inflated, somewhat Trochus-shaped, thin, transparent horny-white, very closely decussated on the upper part with oblique and concentric lines, smooth and shining upon the lower; spire sharp; whorls six, rather convex, the last keeled, swollen at the base; aperture lunar; lip simple, thinly dilated and reflected at the columella, almost covering the umbilicus. PreIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Ceylon; Layard. A species of very characteristic form and sculpture, ex- tremely thin and transparent. Species 615. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Zonrtes. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, diaphand, confertim costulato-striatd, lutescente-corned, fascia unicé aut pluribus castaneis, plerumque latius- culis, ornatd ; anfractibus sex, superné planiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato, basi leviore, nitente ; umbilico parvo ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplict. Tue Zonrres Hettx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, diaphanous, closely rib-like striated, yellowish-horny, ornamented with one or more chestnut bands, mostly rather broad; whorls six, rather flat at the upper part, the last rounded at the periphery, smoother and shining at the base; umbilicus small; aperture ob- liquely-lunar ; lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 127. Hab. Vera Cruz. The specimen described by Dr. Pfeiffer was encircled by only a single chestnut band next the suture; that here described and figured has three broad bands. Species 616. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX RECTANGULA. Hel. testa imperforatd, orbiculato- conicd, solidd, striatuld, griseo-stramined, fasciis latis castaneis ornatd, lined suturali aredque basali casta- neis ; spird elevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ultimo subrectangule carinato, basi pla- niusculo, medio subexcavato ; apertura depressa, sub- trapezid, margine columellari incrassato, calloso-suluni- dentato. THE RIGHT-ANGLED Hewix. Shell imperforated, orbi- cularly conical, solid, finely striated, greyish straw- colour, ornamented with chestnut bands, sutural line and basal area chestnut; spire elevated, obtuse ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last keeled at aright angle, base rather flat, slightly excavated in the middle; aperture depressed, subtrapezoid, colu- mellar margin thickened, with a slightly developed callous. tooth. PrerrFER, Pro, Zool. Soe. 1845, p. 140. Hab. Marquesas Islands. A solid Trochus-shaped shell of the form of an abrupt cone, 678. 624 O20. Helix, Fl. CL. a EE ———————— Species 617. (Mus. Cuming.) ~ Hexrx sprrutata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressd, len- ticulari, subtilissimé striata, lineis elevatis concentricis utrinque notatd, tenui, fulvd, carinatd, carind com- pressd, subexsertd ; spiré parum elevatd ; anfractibus quinque, lente accrescentibus, supra carinam convexius- culis, ultimo basi via convexo, medio impresso ; aper- turd depressd, subrhomboided ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue sprruLep Hetix. Shell imperforated, depressed, lenticular, very finely striated, marked on both sides with raised concentric lines, thin, fulvous, keeled, keel compressed, a little exserted; spire but little raised ; whorls five, increasing slowly, rather convex above the keel, last whorl slightly convex at the base, impressed in the middle; aperture depressed, sub- rhomboid ; lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 129. Hab. Real lejos, Central America (on the bark of trees) ; Cuming. A light reddish-fulvous shell, characterized above and beneath by concentric circles of raised lines. Species 618. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx rapians. Hel. testd imperforatd, depress, tenui, vivide corned, translucidd ; anfractibus quatuor, lavi- bus, plano-converis, ad suturam subtilissime margi- natis, ultimo obtusé carinato ; apertura lunari; labro simplici, acuto. Tue GLitrertnG Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, thin, bright horny, transparent; whorls four, smooth, flatly convex, very finely margined at the suture, last whorl obtusely keeled; aperture lunar ; lip simple, sharp. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 185). Hab. Tahiti. An extremely transparent bright horny species of sim- ple character. Species 619. (Mus. Cuming.) HeEtix quaprata. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, sub lente confertissime striata, lenui, diaphanid, stramined, rufo-flammulatd et fasciatd ; spird depressd ; anfrac- HELIX. Puate CX. tibus quinque, convexiusculis, celeriter accrescentihus ; umbilico majusculo, perspectivo ; apertura lunato- ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conni- ventibus, columellari subdilatato. Tue QuapraTe Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, very closely striated beneath the lens, thin, diapha- nous, straw-coloured, red-flamed and banded; spire depressed ; whorls five, rather convex, increasing rapidly ; umbilicus rather large, perspective; aper- ture lunar-oval; lip simple, sharp, margins approxi- mating, columellar margin slightly dilated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. (Deshayes’ edit.) p. 20. pl. 69 C. foeldealie. Helix Kingi, Pfeiffer. Hab. Juan Fernandez; Cuming. A small Cyclostoma-like shell encircled with a red band, above which the shell is painted with red flames. Species 620. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX cHRYSOMELA. Hel. tesla imperforata, depresso-glo- bosd, rugoso-malleatd, alba ; anfractibus quinque, pla- niusculis, ultimo subangulato, basi planjusculo, antice breciter deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, truncato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, obtuso, intus aurantio-limbato, marginibus callo aurantio, nitido, introrsum diffuso junctis, basali dilatato, planulato. THE GOLDEN-LIpPED Hexix. Shell imperforated, de- pressly globose, roughly indented, white ; whorls five, rather flat, the last slightly angled, rather flat at the base, shortly deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, truncately oval; lip simple, obtuse, edged inwardly with orange, margins joined by a shining orange cal- losity which is diffused inwardly, basal margin dilated, rather flat. Prerrrer, Symbole, vol. iil. p. 72. Hab. Brazil. An opake white indented shell, with a bright orange- red mouth, very much resembling a Helicina. Species 621. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Guayaavuriensis. el. testa late umbilicata, sub- discoided, pallidd corned, oblique crebre striata ; spird depressd ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis ; apertura luna- to-circulari ; labro simplici, acuto, June, 1852. HELIX.—Puare CX. Tue Gvuayaquit Heix. Shell broadly umbilicated, somewhat discoid, pale horny, obliquely closely stri- ated; spire depressed; whorls six, rounded; aper- ture lunar-circular ; lip simple, sharp. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Babahoya, Guayaquil. Of a pale horny but firm texture, marked irregularly with opake white lines and patches. Fig. 622. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, originally described under the name of Helix Powisiana, is now referred to the larger one of the same peculiar Nautiloid growth named H. involuta, of which it is supposed to be the young, see Pl. CIX. Fig. 612. For Sp. 622 see Pl. CXIV. Species 623. (Mus. Cuming.) Hextx orpis. Hel. testd imperforati, discoided, virenti- lutescente, glaberrimad, nitida, pellucida, supra pland, subtus convexiuscula, medio impressd ; suturd submar- ginata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planis, ultimo penultimo viz latiore, superne angulato ; apertura sub- verticali, latd, lunari; peristomate recto, acuto, sim- plici. Tue ors Hexrx. Shell imperforated, discoid, greenish- yellow, very smooth, shining, transparent, above flattened, rather convex beneath, impressed in the middle; suture faintly margined; whorls five to six, flat, the last scarcely broader than the last but one, angled at the upper part; aperture nearly vertical, broad, lunar; lip straight, sharp, simple. Helicopsis orbis, Beck, Index, p. 2. Helix orbis, Pfeiffer. Helix planulata, Anton. Hab. Island of Opara, Pacifie Ocean; Cuming. A flat horny species of slowly enlarging growth, not um- bilicated. Fig. 624 and 625. (Mus. Cuming.) These two figures have been inserted accidentally. The first is H. paludosa, represented in Pl. LXIV. Fig. 329, and the second is H. suturalis, Pl. LXI. Fig. 301. For Sp. 624 and 625 see Pl. CXIV. Helix, Pl. CHI. HELIX, Prats CXI. Species 626. (Mus. Cuming.) HELix susriuis. lel. testé imperforatd, depressd, tener- rimd, nitidé, pallidé corned ; spird vie exsertd ; an- fractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, sensim ac- crescentibus, ultimo basi paulo convexiore ; suturd in- terdum rufo-marginata ; apertura transverse lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue peticate Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, very thin, shining, pale horny; spire but little ex- serted; whorls four to five, rather flat, increasing slowly, the last a little more convex at the base; suture sometimes edged with red; aperture trans- versely lunar; lip simple, sharp. Anton, Verz. p. 35, Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Kuster’s edit.) Helix, pl. 29. f. 33-35. Hab. Island of Ohetaroa, South Pacific; Cuming. A dull shining horny species, of simple character. Species 627. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix Exmaquata. Hel. testdé imperforata, discoided, tenui, lucida, glabrata, corned, ad peripheriam rotunda- ta, infra subpland, in foveam centralem devexd ; anfrac- tibus septem, arcté volutis, supra planulatis, suturd marginatd, bene impressd, discretis, spiram planam ef- formantibus ; apertura angustd, transversd ; labro sim- plici, portione sinistra fere horizontali, recedente, sub- reflexa. THe LEVELLED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, discoid, thin, lucid, smooth, horny, rounded at the periphery, rather flattened beneath, declining into a central pit ; whorls seven, convoluted in an arched manner, rather flattened above, separated by a well-impressed suture, forming a flat spire; aperture narrow, transverse ; lip simple, left portion almost horizontal, receding, a little reflected. Goutp, Expedition Shells, f. 9. Hal. Sandwich Islands. A flattened discoid shell, rounded at the periphery. Species 628. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix BRuNNEA. Hel. testd imperforatd, orbiculato-con- vexd, nitidissimd, saturate fulvd, superné punctis albis conspersd ; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, subplanulatis, sensim accrescentibus, ul- timo basi converiusculo, medio impresso ; apertura ro- tundato-lunari ; peristomate acuto, simplici, tenuissi- mo, loco umbilici subincrassato. Tue Brown Hetrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly convex, very shining, dark yellow, sprinkled about the upper part with white dots; spire rather convex ; whorls four to five, rather flattened, increasing slowly, the last rather convex at the base, impressed in the middle; aperture rotundately lunar; lip sharp, simple, very thin, slightly thickened in the place of the umbilicus. Anton, Verz. p. 35. Hab. Pitcairn’s Island; Cuming. Distinguished by its shining bright brown colour, sprinkled with white dots. Species 629. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix pissrmitis. Hel. testd umbilicata, depressa, tenui, superne confertim plicatuld, pallid? corneo-stra- mined, superne maculis et flammis irregularibus, basi punctis rufis ornatd ; spird plana ; suturd profunda ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; umbilico magno, percio ; apertura via obligud, rotundato-lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue pisstm1Lar Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, closely finely plicated at the upper part, pale horny-straw, ornamented about the upper part with red spots and flames, and at the base with faint dots ; spire flat; suture deep; whorls five, convex; umbi- licus large, open; aperture a little oblique, rotun- dately lunar; lip simple, acute. D’Orsieny, Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid. p. 247. pl. 26. f. 18-21. Helix histrio, Mublfeldt. Hab. Concepcion, Chili; D’Orbigny. Painted in a very characteristic manner about the upper part with red-brown spots and flames. Species 630. (Mus. Cuming.) Hentx LAMELLosA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, tenui, nitidd, glabra, acute carinald, flavescente, macu- lis et flammis rufis ornald ; spird subelevata ; anfrac- August, 1852. : HELIX.—Ptarte CXI. tibus septem, planis, ultimo basi inflato, ad umbilicum mediocrem cylindricum angulato ; apertura depressd, trapezid, lamellis magnis duabus in pariete aperturali, plurimis minoribus in margine columellari, quatuor in basali, und in supero. THE LAMELLOSE Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, lens-shaped, thin, shining, smooth, sharply keeled, yellowish, or- namented with red spots and flames; spire slightly raised; whorls seven, flat, the last inflated at the base, angled about the umbilicus, which is middling and cylindrical; aperture depressed, trapezoid, fur- nished with two large lamellae on the body-whorl, and several smaller ones, one on the columellar mar- gin, four on the basal, and one on the upper margin. Frrussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51 A. f. 3. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Resembling the former species in respect of painting, but of a totally different form, being lens-shaped, with a sharp periphery, and having numerous lamellze within the aperture. Species 631. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Jacaurnoti. Hel. testi wmbilicatd, depresso- conoided, soliduld, acute carinatd, confertim arcuato- costatd, fulvo et rufo variegatd ; anfractibus octo, an- gustis, subconcavis, omnibus carinatis, carind exsertd, compressa, costis decurrentibus denticulatd, anfractu ultimo basi vie convexiusculo, radiatim striato; um- bilico amplo, lamina horizontali coarctato ; apertura depressa, securiformi, lamellis sex intrantibus munitd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Jacaurtnor’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly co- noid, rather solid, sharply keeled, closely arcuately ribbed, variegated with fulvous and red; whorls eight, narrow, slightly concave, all keeled, the keel being exserted and compressed, and denticulated at the edge by the decurrent ribs, last whorl slightly convex at the base, radiately striated; umbilicus large, contracted by a horizontal lamina; aperture depressed, wedge-shaped, furnished with six entering lamellae ; lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 128. Hab. Tahiti and Marquesas Islands. A prettily painted Solariiform shell, sculptured with fine ribs which run over and denticulate the periphery. Species 632. (Mus. Cuming.) IleLIx MISELLA. Jel. testd imperforatd, orbiculato-con- vexiusculd, tenui, obsoletissimé striatuld, nitidd, pel- lucida, pallidé corned; anfractibus quinque ad sez, planiusculis, ultimo carinato, basi convexiusculo, medio impresso ; apertura subverticali, angulato-lunari ; pe- ristomate simplici, tenui, margine columellari oblique arcuato, subincrassato. Tue poor Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly rather convex, thin, very obsoletely finely striated, shining, transparent, pale horny; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last keeled, rather convex at the base, im- pressed in the middle ; aperture nearly vertical, angu- larly lunar; lip simple, thin, columellar margin ob- liquely arched, rather thickened. Ferussac, Voyage de Freycinet, Zool. p. 473. Hab. Molucca and Sandwich Islands. A smooth bright transparent yellowish glassy shell. Species 633. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Tuckerr. Hel. testéd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, pellucida, oblique striata, breviter et sparsim pilosd, fusco-corned, rufo obsolete unicingulata ; spird viz elaté ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo anticé gibbo, constricto, subitd deflexo ; umbilico angusto, per- vio; apertura perobliqua, subcirculari; peristomate intus albido, undique breviter reflexo, marginibus ap- proximatis. Tucker’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, pellucid, obliquely striated, sparingly short-haired, brown-horny, encircled with an obsolete red line; spire but little raised; whorls four, rather flat, the last gibbous in front, constricted, suddenly deflected ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture very oblique, nearly circular; lip whitish within, shortly reflected throughout, with the margins approximated. Prerrrer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 77. Hab. Hardy's Island, Pacitie Ocean. Encircled with a single reddish line just above the peri- phery, beneath which it is whitish. Species 634. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix cALLirera. Hel. testa imperforatd, subdepresso- orbiculari, infra convexiore, laevigata, pellucida, nitida, vivide corned ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quatwor ad quingue, convewis, ad suturam tenuimarginatis ; aper- turé lunari; peristomate simplici, prope columellam calloso. Tne cALLous Hexrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat de- HELIX.—Ptare CX1. pressly orbicular, more convex beneath, smooth, trans- parent, shining, bright horny; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, convex, finely margined at the suture ; aperture lunar ; lip simple, callous near the columella. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850. p. 68. Hah. Marquesas Islands. A smooth thin transparent bright horny shell, with the lip a little callous next the columella. Species 635. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix pursatevta. Hel. testa umbilicatd, conicad vel planulatd, pervariabili, supra maculis fuscis et albidis alternantibus flecuosis tessellatd, infra cinereo-alhidé vel flammulis fuscis flecuosis radiata, costis numerosis- simis acutis radiantibus liratd, subtus convexiusculd, interdum simplici, interdum concentricé striatd, nunc radiatim costellata, nunc albidd, nunc fusco-flammula- ta; anfractibus octo ad novem, eaterné excavatis, ulti- mo carinato ; suturd impressd, plerumque marginatda ; apertura parca, transversd, fauce cum lamellis septem, quarum duabus superioribus, und columellari, quatuor remotis (und supra, tribus infra carinam) ad labrum simplex ; umbilico cavernoso, in junioribus acetahuli- Sormi, in majoribus ad januam parvo, constricto. THE LITTLE TOWER Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conical or rather flat, very variable, tessellated about the upper part with alternating brown and white flexuous spots, ash-white beneath, rayed with little flexuous flames, sculptured with very numerous sharp radiating ribs, rather convex beneath, sometimes simple, sometimes concentrically striated, now rayed with fine ribs, now white, now brown-flamed ; whorls eight to nine, excavated, the last keeled; suture im- pressed, generally margined ; aperture small, trans- verse, with seven lamell# in the interior, two of which are superior, one columellar, and four remote (one above the keel and three below it) from the lip, which is simple; umbilicus cavernous, in young spe- cimens cup-shaped, in older specimens small and con- stricted at the entrance. Gov.p, Expedition Shells, 1846, p. 22. Hab. Tahiti. An extremely characteristic species, partaking of the characters and typical form of H. Jacguinoti. elias: Fl Care 6 Be nd 4 645 HELIX. Pirate CXII. Species 636. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Suurrreworrar. el. testa utrinque umbilicata, subcompressd, corned, pellucida ; spird immersd ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, rolundatis, involutis, levibus, nitidis ; aperturd angustd, compresso-lunari, labro simplici, acuto. Suurtireworra’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated on both sides, rather compressed, horny, transparent; spire immersed ; whorls four to five, rounded, involuted, smooth, shining; aperture narrow, compressly lunar, lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1851. p. 14. Hab, Bahia. A small Nautiloid species, the whorls being convoluted one into the other, so as to form an umbilicus on each side. Species 637. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SEMEN-LINI. Tel. testé umbilicatd, subconicd, tenui, corned, pellucida; spird brevi; anfractibus quingue, convexis, levibus, nitidis ; apertura lunari- ovata, subhorizontali. THE FLAX-SEED Heix. Shell umbilicated, somewhat conical, thin, horny, transparent; spire short; whorls five, convex, smooth, shining; aperture lunar-ovate, nearly horizontal. Morrcanp, Mem. Nat. Hist. Soc. Geneva, 3rd suppl. p. 55. pl. 5. f. 17. Hab. Bahia. A little transparent horny species, of simple and regular subconical growth. Species 638. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewx costernata. Hel. testa subampliter umbilical, tenui, fused; spird depressd; suturd distinctd ; an- Sractibus quingue, rotundatis, subtilissimé costellatis ; apertura rotunda, labro tenui, acuto. THE FINELY-RIBBED Hexrx. Shell rather largely um- bilicated, thin, brown; spire depressed; suture dis- tinet ; whorls five, rounded, very finely ribbed ; aper- ture round, lip thin, sharp. D’Orsieny, Voyage dans l’Amér, Mérid. p. 252. pl. 26. f. 6-9. Hab. Montevideo, Eastern Paraguay. An opake brown shell, as if covered with an epidermis, partaking of the form of Cyclostoma. Species 639. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix epipermia. Hel. testd latd et profunde umbilicata, discoided, epidermide brunned indutd, utrinque costel- lata ; spird plana ; anfractilus quatuor, sensim accres- centibus, convexiusculis ; apertura subverticali, subcir- culari; peristomate acuto, simplici, marginibus ap- proximatis. THE EPIDERMIS-COVERED Heix. Shell broadly and deeply umbilicated, discoid, covered with a brown epidermis, finely ribbed on both sides; spire flat ; whorls four, increasing slowly, rather convex; aper- ture nearly vertical, subcircular; lip sharp, simple, with the margins approximating. Anton, Verz. p. 36. Helix costellata, Deshayes. Hab. Valparaiso; Cuming. It is extremely doubtful whether this species differs specifically from the preceding. Species 640. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Pacirica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, sub-Trochiformi, tenui, pellucidd, striatuld, corned; spira conoided, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, converiusculis, ullimo acute carinato, basi paulo convexiore, levigato, nitido ; apertura depressd, angulato-lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, acuto, margine columellari viz dilatato, in perforationem punctiformem inserto. Tue Pacterc Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat Tro- chus-shaped, thin, transparent, finely striated, horny; spire conoid, rather sharp ; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last sharply keeled, a little more convex, smooth and shining at the base; aperture depressed, angularly lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar mar- gin scarcely dilated, inserted in the puncture-like umbilicus. Prerrrer, Symbola, vol. iii. p. 66. Hab. Cocos Island, Pacific Ocean. The surface of this little horny species has a silken as- pect above the keel, and a smooth polished one below it. August, 1852. . HELIX.—Puarte CXII. Species 641. (Mus. Cuming.) THexvrx Srrepraxon. Hel. testdé umbilicatd, depressé, distanter arcuato-costatd et sub lente minutissimé spi- raliter striata, spadiced, brunneo-tessellatd ; spird for- nicald, superne depressd ; anfractibus octo ad novem, angustis, carinatis, ullimo infra penultimum recedente, tertiam pagine infere penultimi partem liberam relin- quente, basi convexiusculo, radiatim costato, distinctius concentrice striato ; umbilico profundo, extus lamina horizontali coarctato ; aperturd depressd, securiformi, lamellis sex intrantibus munitd, duabus in pariete aper- turali, duabus in margine basali, und in supero, und dentiformi in columelld ; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto, margine basali retrorsum in laminam umbili- cum coarctantem continuatd. Tue Srrepraxis-Li1ke Henrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, distantly arcuately ribbed, and, beneath the lens, very minutely spirally striated, fawn-colour, tessellated with brown; spire arched, depressed at the upper part; whorls eight to nine, narrow, keeled, last whorl receding below the penultimate whorl, leaving a third of the lower edge of the penultimate whorl bare, base rather convex, radiately striated ; umbilicus deep, contracted outwardly by a horizontal lamina; aperture depressed, wedge-shaped, furnished with six entering lamelle, two on the wall of the aperture, two on the basal margin, one on the upper margin, and one tooth-shaped on the columella; lip simple, straight, sharp, basal margin continued back- ward into a lamella contracting the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. (H. coarctata) 1849. p. 129. Hab, Tahiti. A singularly-formed species, characterized by the pecu- liarly contracted growth of the last whorl. Species 642. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx tivipa. Hel. testa umbilicatd, conicd, tenui, stria- tuld, fusco-corned, diaphand ; spiraé conicd, obtusius- culd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo basi ven- troso, supra medium carinato; apertura rotundato- lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, recto. Tue Livrp Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conical, thin, finely striated, brown-horny, diaphanous; spire conical, rather obtuse; whorls six, rather convex, the last swollen at the base, keeled above the middle ; aper- ture rotundately lunar; lip simple, sharp, straight. Stenopus lividus, Guilding, Zoological Journal, vol. iii. p. 528. pl. (suppl.) 27. f. 1-3. Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. A transparent horny shell, of extremely simple and re- gular growth. Species 643. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX RADIELLA. Tel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, sub- discoided, spadiced, rufo-fusco undique flammata ; spira obtusd ; sulurd impress ; anfractibus quinque, rotun- datis, costellato-striatis ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro simplici, acuto. Tue RAYED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, some- what discoid, fawn-colour, flamed throughout with red-brown; spire obtuse; suture impressed; whorls five, rounded, rib-like striated; aperture rotundately lunar, lip simple, sharp. PreirFer, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 125. Hab. Island of Opara, Pacific Ocean; Cuming. A flatly-compressed Cyclostoma-like species, very prettily marked throughout with waved red rays. Species 644. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX vortex. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, convero- discoided, hyalina ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, con- veviusculis, angustis, obsolete striatis, ultimo subangu- lato, plerumque deorsum deviato; apertura lata, lu- nari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari reflexiusculo. THe wuirt Hertx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, con- vexly discoid, hyaline; whorls five to six, rather con- vex, narrow, obsoletely striated, the last slightly an- gled, generally turned downwards; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin slightly reflected. Preirrer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1839, vol. i. p. 351. Hab. Islands of Cuba and Santa Cruz. Of a light hyaline substance, very minutely striated be- neath the lens. Species 645. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Cuirrensts. Hel. test umbilicatd, globoso-depressi, tenui, pellucida, fusco-corned, sub lente rugosa et minu- tissimé granulatd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis ; um- dilico mediocri, pervio; aperturaé subcirculari ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto, marginibus approximatis, Tue Curit1 Herrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, thin, pellucid, brown-horny, wrinkled and very minutely granulated beneath the lens; whorls four, convex; umbilicus middling, open; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, sharp, with the margins approximated. Muvutrexpt, in Anton, Verz. p. 36. Hab, Valparaiso (under stones) ; Cuming. A small horny Cyclostoma-like shell, very minutely wrinkled and granulated. > 646 649 OSS. Heliac, Pl. CHM. Species 646. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BILAMELLATA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, conic, tenui, corned, longitudinaliter valid? et regulariter plicaté; spird elongata, sursum valde attenuatid, acuté; anfractibus novem, carinatis (carind exsertd, acuta, subaculeatd), ultimo basi convexiusculo ; umbi- lico angusto, pervio; apertura subverticali, subqua- drangulari, lamellis duabus coarctatd, alterd intrante in pariete aperturali, alterd crassiore ad columellam ; peristomate simplici, recto. THE BILAMELLATED Heurx. Shell umbilicated, conical, thin, horny, longitudinally strongly and regularly plicated; spire elongated, much attenuated and sharp towards the upper part; whorls nine, keeled (keel exserted, sharp, slightly prickly), last whorl rather conyex at the base; umbilicus narrow, open; aper- ture subvertical, quadrangular, contracted by two lamelle, one entering on the wall of the aperture, the other thicker, upon the columella; lip simple, straight. Prererer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845. p. 84. Hab. Island of Opara, Pacifie Ocean; Cuming. A minute horny pyramidally conical shell, with one lamella on the inner surface of the body-whorl, the other on the columella. Species 647. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix contorra. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, Sragili, striata, tenuissime pilosa, luteo-flavd, flammulis longitudinalibus rubris pictd ; spird vix convend ; an- fractibus quatuor ad quinque, convecis ; umbilico lato, percio; apertura subrotundd, dentatd, lamellis paral- lelis duabus intrantibus, parietem aperturalem coare- tantibus ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine dextro dentibus acutis munito. Tue tTwistep Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, fragile, striated, very finely hairy, yellowish, painted with red longitudinal flames; spire but little convex ; whorls four to five, convex ; umbilicus broad, open; aperture somewhat round, seven-toothed, with two parallel lamellw, entering and contracting the wall of the aperture; lip simple, sharp, right margin furnished with five sharp teeth. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51 A. f. 2. Helix intercarinata, Mighels. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A small cycloid species, characterized by a complicated arrangement of teeth and lamella in the aperture. HELIX. Prate CXIII. Species 648. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SEXLAMELLATA. Jel. testa angustissime umbili- cald, subsemiglobosd, tenui, regulariter costulatd, lutes- cente, maculis castaneis tessellatd ; spird elevatd, ob- tusd ; anfractibus sex, converis, angustis, ullimo bas planulato ; apertura depressd, oblique lunari, lamellis acute elevatis coarctatd; tribus parallelis in ventre an- Sractis penultimi, tribus in fundo aperture illis oppo- sitis, pluribus minoribus obsoletis interjectis ; peristo- mate simplici, acuto. THE SIX-LAMELLATED Hertx. Shell very narrowly um- bilicated, somewhat semiglobose, thin, régularly finely ribbed, yellowish, tessellated with chestnut spots ; spire raised, obtuse; whorls six, convex, narrow, the last flattened at the base; aperture depressed, ob- liquely lunar, contracted by six sharply raised lamellee, three parallel in the body of the penultimate whorl, three at the bottom of the aperture opposite to them, with many smaller obsolete ones lying between ; lip simple, sharp. Pretrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845. p. 85. Hab. Gambier Island, Pacifie Ocean. Another small species with a complicated arrangement of lamellw in the aperture, but of very different form. Species 649. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Marmorevta. Hel. testa umbilicaté, depressd, tenuissima, distanter costellata, pellucidé, stramined, strigis obliquis et maculis rufis marmoratd ; spira pland ; anfractibus tribus, vie converiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo basi paulo convexiore ; apertura perobliqud, ampld, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus callo tenui junctis, supero antrorsum subarcuato. THE PINELY-MARBLED Heuix. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, very thin, distantly finely ribbed, transpa- rent, straw-colour, marked with oblique red streaks and spots; spire flat; whorls three, slightly convex, increasing rapidly, the last a little more convex at the base; aperture very oblique, large, lunar-oval ; lip simple, sharp, margins joined by a thin callosity, upper margin a little arched forward. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845. p. 125. Hab, Juan Fernandez. ' A very delicate zebra-like painted species, Species 650. (Mus, Cuming.) HELIX WELICOPHANTOIDES. Hel. testé umbilicatd, de- pressi, tenui, oblique et confertim costulato-striala, August, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CXII. stramined, rufo tessellata et strigatd; spird planius- culd; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, vix convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo depresso ; apertura per- obliqud, ampla, subovali; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus approximatis, callo tenuissimo junctis. Tue HeticopHANntTa-LIkE Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, obliquely and closely rib-like striated, straw-colour, streaked and tessellated with red; spire rather flat ; whorls three to four, slightly convex, in- creasing rapidly, the last depressed; aperture very oblique, large, lunar-oval; lip simple, acute, with the margins approximating, and joined by a very thin callosity. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 125. Hab. Suan Fernandez. Closely resembling the preceding species, from which it differs in being uniformly smaller, and of more opake sub- stance. Species 651. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX TESSELLATA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, utrinque pland, tenui, pallidé corned, strigis angustis undatis rufis pictd; anfractibus sex ad septem, angus- tissimis, ultimo subtus subinflato; umbilico mediocri, pervio; aperturd lunato-rotundatd ; peristomate sim- plici. THE TESSELLATED Hettx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, flat on both sides, thin, pale horny, painted with narrow waved red streaks; whorls six to seven, very narrow, the last slightly inflated beneath; umbilicus middling, open ; aperture lunar-rounded; lip simple. Mvutretp?, Anton, Verz. p. 36. Hab. Juan Fernandez. Another example of this interesting little type from Juan Fernandez, of more discoid growth than either of the preceding species. Fig. 652. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be a variety of HZ. Tur- biniformis, Pl. XXXVII. Sp. 167. Species 653. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix arctispira. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, sub- discoided, confertim costatd, albidd, epidermide tenui Suscescente indutd ; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis, angustissimis ; umbilico lato, perspectivo ; apertura parvuld, subverticali, lunato- subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE ARcHED-spire HeLix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, subdiscoid, closely-ribbed, whitish, covered with a thin light brown epidermis; spire rather convex ; whorls five to six, convex, very narrow; umbilicus broad, perspective; aperture rather small, subver- tical, lunar-subcircular ; lip simple, sharp. PreirreER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 41. Hab. Suan Fernandez. Closely allied to H. ¢essellata, but of smaller and still more compressed growth, with a larger umbilicus. Species 654. (Mus. Cuming.) Henrx Opartca. Jel. testé subumbilicatd, orbiculato- convexiusculd, tenui, costulato-striald, fuscescente, ob- soleté rubro-maculata ; spird depressd; anfractibus quatuor ad quinqgue, angustis, convexiusculis ; apertura laté lunari; peristomate acuto, usque ad umbilicum producto ; dentibus tribus lamelliformibus in pariete aperturali, quatuor in margine basali. Tue Opara Hexix. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbicu- larly convex, thin, rib-like striated, brownish, obso- letely red-spotted ; spire depressed; whorls four to five, narrow, rather convex; aperture broadly lunar ; lip sharp, produced as far as the umbilicus; three lamelliform teeth in the wall of the aperture, four on the basal margin. Anton, Verz. p. 39. Hab. Island of Opara, Pacifie Ocean; Cuming. An interesting minute species, with the same typical characteristics as H. contorta and sexrlamellata. Species 655. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx uystrix. Hel. testé umnibilicatd, depressd, subdis- coided, regulariter costulatd, corneo-luted, pilis rectis rigidis deciduis hirsutd, superne rufo tessellata ; spird pland, medio subimmersd ; anfractibus quingue, con- vexis, ultimo descendente, basi lineis elevatis, interdum obsoletioribus decussato; umbilico lato, perspectivo ; apertura lunato-subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue porcupine Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, nearly discoid, regularly finely ribbed, horny-yellow, covered with erect rigid hairs, tessellated about the upper part with red; spire flat, slightly immersed in the middle; whorls five, convex, the last descending, decussated at the base with raised lines, which are sometimes obsolete; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture lunar-subcircular; lip simple, sharp. Miauets, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 67. Hab. Wahoo, Sandwich Islands. Tessellated in a conspicuous manner with dark red, and curiously bristled over with rigid hairs. Helix, Pl. CXIV. Oso. 658. etlith Species 622. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix zateta. Hel. testd obtecté perforata, depresso-glo- bosd, confertissimé costulato-striald, flavd ; spird pa- rum elaté vel depressiusculd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peri- stomate angulatim late reflexo, intus albo, nitido, calloso, marginibus callo tenuissimo, dentem compressum lin- . guiformem oblique intrantem emittente junctis, colu- mellari brevi, arcuato, dilatato. Tue muppy Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, very closely rib-like striated, yel- lowish; spire a little raised or rather depressed ; whorls five to six, rather convex; aperture rotun- dately lunar; lip angularly broadly reflected, white, shining and callous within, margins joined by a cal- losity, emitting an obliquely entering compressed tongue-shaped tooth, columellar margin short, arched, dilated. Say, Binney in Journ. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soe. vol. i. p. 492. pl. 20. Hab, Ohio, Missouri, &c., North America. This is probably a variety of the following, the callosity on the body-whorl being hardly sufficient to distinguish it specifically. Species 624. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix arpotasris. Hel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, costulis obliquis striisque spiralibus ob- soletis confertissimis subdecussatd, flavd ; spird parum elatd; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate angulatim late reflexo, intus albo, nitido, calloso, ad columellam brevem arcuatam dilatato. THE WHITE-LIe Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, faintly decussated with fine ob- lique riblets and very close-set obsolete spiral striz, yellowish ; spire but little raised; whorls five to six, rather convex; aperture rotundately lunar; lip an- gularly broadly reflected, white, shining and callous within, dilated at the columella, which is short and arched. Say, Nicholson’s Encyc. (Amer. edit.) vol. iv. pl. 1. f. 1. Hab, North America. “Found in large numbers,” says Dr. Gould, of Boston, HELIX. Pate CXIV. U.S., “in all the partially cleared forests of New England, sheltered in the moist mould under decaying logs and rot- ten stumps; and sometimes about stone walls and rocks in the open fields. It is found in all the States, except perhaps the southernmost.” Species 625. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx TowNnsenDIANA. globosa, tenui, concentricé minutissim2 striata, longi- Hel. testa umbilicata, depresso- tudinaliter costulato-rugosd, corneo luleoque variegata ; spird parum elevata; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo inflato, anticé deflexo ; apertura rotundato-lu- nari, intus fuscescente ; peristomate alho, intus laliato, marginibus conniventibus, supero lat expanso, basali strictiusculo, refleco, columellari brevi, dilatato, umbi- licum non occultante. TownsENp’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, thin, concentrically very minutely striated, lon- gitudinally fine rib-like wrinkled, horny, variegated with yellow; spire but little raised; whorls six, rather flat, the last inflated, deflected in front; aper- ture rotundately lunar, brownish within; lip white, edged inwardly, margins approximating, upper broad and expanding, basal rather drawn out and reflected, columellar short, dilated, not concealing the umbilicus. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 99. pl. 23. f. 80. Hab. Wahlamat, North America. California; Lea. The surface of this species is characterized by a curious yellow-wrinkled character. Fig. 656. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is named in Mr. Cuming’s col- lection H. Petitiana, D’Orbigny, but it differs from the description of that species in being sculptured obliquely with close-set riblet striae, and in having from five to six whorls. It is doubtless only a monster 1. aléolabris. Species 657. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex FIDELIS. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-conoidea, ruguloso-striatd, subtilissime decussala, fuscescente aut flavicante, interdum Susco-nebulosd, basi converd, tnter- dum nigricante-castaned, infra peripheriam wnifascia- ta; anfractibus septem, convexis ; umbilico medioert, August, 1 852. HELIX.—Puate CXIV. pervio ; apertura oblique lunari, intus lacted, fasciata ; peristomate supern2 expanso, basi incrassato, subreflexo, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari dilatato. Tue rarruruL Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly conoid, rugulosely striated, very finely decussated, brownish or yellowish, sometimes clouded with brown, convex at the base, sometimes blackish-chestnut, with a band beneath the periphery ; whorls seven, convex; umbilicus middling, open; aperture obliquely lunar, milk-white within; lip expanded at the upper part, thickened at the base, slightly reflected, margins somewhat approximating, columellar margin dilated. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 67. Helix Nuttailliana, Lea. Hab. Fort Vancouver, Oregon, North America. This species, as may be seen by the examples figured, yaries considerably in colour, but the band which encircles it is always present. Species 658. (Mus. Cuming.) He1rx avus. Hel. testé subampliter et profunde umbili- cata, subdepresso-orbiculari, solidd, levigata vel sub lente minute oblique striata, fuscescente linctd, ad su- turam saturatiore, ad peripheriam albifasciatd ; spird converd, oblusd; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis ; apertura subrotunda ; peristomate incrassato, calloso-re- jflexo, albo, marginibus callo albo conspicuo junctis. THE GRANDFATHER Hexix. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, somewhat depressly orbicular, solid, smooth, or very minutely obliquely striated beneath the lens, stained with light brown, which is darker next the suture, white-banded at the peri- phery; spire convex; whorls four, rather flat; aper- ture nearly round ; lip thickened, callous, reflected, white, margins joined by a conspicuous white callous layer. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Philippine Islands. A shell of very characteristic solid growth, largely and deeply umbilicated with a peculiarly callous, thickened, much reflected lip, the margins of which are joined on the body-whorl by a broad-spread callous layer. 662 @ OC4 yerby ae OI. 667. CO3. Helia, PL. OXY. CO? HELIX. Prate CXV. Species 659. (Mus. Cuming.) l Species 661. (Mus, Cuming.) Hexix Dupvetirnovarsi. Hel. testdé umbilicatd, orbi- | Herrx Cartrornrensis. Hel. testa angustd umbilicata, culato-convexd, laevigata vel substriatd, saturated cas- depresso-globosd, tenui, rugulosd, granulatd, fulvd, taned, superné pallidiore, nigricante-rufo cingulata ; luteo-maculatd ; spird subturbinatd ; anfractibus sep- spird conoideo-obtusd ; anfractibus septem ad octo, an- tem, convexiusculis, ullimo supra peripheriam fascia gustis, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato ; apertura ovato- unicd angusta rufa cincto, basi inflato; aperturd lu- semilunari, intus alba, fasciald ; peristomate simplici, | nato-rotundald, intus alld, unifasciatd ; peristomate brevissime reflexo, margine columellari arcuato, superne intus albo-labiato, reflexiusculo, margine columellari dilatato-reflexo, umbilicum mediocrem non occultante. | dilatato, refleco, umbilicum semioccultante. Duverit-THovars’ Herix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly | Tue Cattrorntan Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, convex, smooth or finely striated, dark chestnut, depressly globose, thin, finely wrinkled and granular, paler at the upper part, encircled with blackish-red ; fulvous, yellow-spotted ; spire subturbinated ; whorls spire conoidly obtuse ; whorls seven to eight, narrow, seven, rather convex, the last encircled with a single rather convex, the last inflated; aperture ovately red-brown band above the periphery, inflated at the semilunar, white and banded within ; lip simple, very base; aperture lunar-rounded, white within, one- shortly reflected, columellar margin arched, dilately banded; lip white-thickened inwardly, slightly re- reflected at the upper part, not concealing the mid- flected, columellar margin dilated and reflected, half- dling umbilicus. concealing the umbilicus. Desuayes, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv, 1839, p. 300. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 99. pl. 23. f. 79. Hab. California. Hab. California, near Columbia River. Belonging to the same type, and closely allied speci- This agrees with the preceding species both in sculpture tically, to HZ. fidelis of the preceding Plate. and painting, but differs in form, being composed of more ————— whorls, more closely turbinated. Species 660. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) -- Hexix vincra. Hel. testd obtecte umbilicatd, globosa, Species 662. (Fig. a, 2, Mus. Cuming.) tenui, inflata, obliqué subtiliter et densissimé ruguloso- striata, olivaced, flavicante marmoratia, fascid angustad nigricante-fuscd supra peripheriam cingulatd ; anfrac- tibus quingue, convewis; aperturd subcirculari ; peri- stomate tenui, marginibus conniventibus, supero recto, columellari reflexo et dilatato. Tue HARD-Grrt Heitx. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, globose, thin, inflated, obliquely finely and very closely striated in a somewhat wrinkled manner, olive, marbled or freckled with yellow, encircled above the periphery with a narrow black-brown band; whorls five, convex; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, mar- gins approximating, upper margin straight, columel- lar margin reflected and dilated. VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, Moll. pl. 1. f. 2. Hab. California. A globose light inflated shell, finely sculptured with wrinkled subgranulated striz. Hetrx sonitarta. Hel. testa late pervio-umbilicaté, glo- boso-depressd, solidiusculd, oblique confertim rugosé, lutescente-corned, brunneo-fasciaté ; anfractibus sex, convexis; suturad profundaé; apertura lunato-rotun- datd, intus nitide albd, fasciatd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari dilatato, subreflexo. Tue sovitary Hexrx. Shell with a broad open umbi- licus, globosely depressed, rather solid, obliquely closely wrinkled, yellowish-horny, encircled with two to three brown bands; whorls six, convex; suture deep; aperture lunar-rounded, shining white within, banded ; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin dilated, a little reflected. Jay, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 157. Hab. Missouri, Ohio, North America. Of a Cyclostoma-like form, encircled between the peri- phery and the suture with three dark burnt-brown bands. ¥ August, 1852. HELIX.—P ate CXV. Species 663. (Mus. Cuming.) Heux Reuser. Hel. testa imperforatda, globosd, soli- diusculd, levigatdé vel sub lente minute oblique striata, lutescente, viridi-nigricante, aut fusco trifasciatd, fas- cid centrali latiore ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peri- stomate albo, expanso, refleo, ad columellam planato. Rewsein’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, globose, rather solid, smooth, or beneath the lens minutely obliquely striated, yellowish, encircled with three greenish or brown bands, of which the middle one is broader than the others; aperture lunar-circular ; lip white, expanded, reflected, flattened at the columella. PreirFreR, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1852. Hab. Philippine Islands. A new species received by Mr. Cuming from the Philip- pine Islands, closely allied to H. spherica and orbitulus. Species 664. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx areonata. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, orbiculato- conoided, striatd, nitiduld, albd, lineis fuscis interrup- tis varie ornatd ; spird depresso-conoided ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo vie descendente, basi parum convexo; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus fus- cescente ; peristomate acuto, intus sublabiato, margine columellari breviter arcuato, unidentato, dilatato, re- leno, umbilicum fere tegente. THE CHEQUERED Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, or- bicularly conoid, striated, shining, white, variously ornamented with interrupted brown lines; spire de- pressly conoid; whorls five, rather convex, the last a little descending, but little convex at the base; aperture rotundately lunar, brownish within; lip sharp, slightly thickened inwardly, columellar margin shortly arched, obsoletely one-toothed, dilated, re- flected, almost covering the umbilicus. Sowersy, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845. p. 154. Hab. California, near the Columbia River; Hinds. Encircled with numerous irregular interrupted blotchy brown lines, upon an opake-white ground. Species 665. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx Kewxverri. Hel. testéd angustd umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, tenui, rugulosd, granulata, fulcd, sor- didé flavo et opaco-allo conspersd, rufo unifasciata ; spira subturbinata ; anfractibus sex, converiusculis, ul- timo ad peripheriam fascia pallida cincto, basi subin- flato ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, intus pallide fuscé unifasciatd ; peristomate reflexiusculo, margine colu- mellari dilatato, reflexo, umbilicum plus minus occul- tante. Ketxerr’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, thin, wrinkled, granulated, fulvous, sprinkled with dirty yellow and opake white, with a single red- brown band round the middle; spire somewhat tur- binate; whorls six, rather convex, last whorl en- circled with a pale band at the periphery, slightly inflated at the base; aperture lunar-rounded, pale brown and one-banded within; lip a little reflected, columellar margin dilated, reflected, more or less concealing the umbilicus. Forbes, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1850, p. 55. Hab, Central America ? This interesting species, besprinkled with opake-white flames, belongs apparently to a Californian type of the genus. It is named by Professor Edward Forbes in honour of Captain Kellett, R.N., late of H.M.S. Herald, and now Commander of H.M.S. Resolute, on her way to the Polar Regions in search of Sir John Franklin. Helix, Pl. CXV. 607 GCS C69. 670. 672 HELIX. Pirate CXVI. Species 666. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx wornata. Hel. testé anguste et profund2 umbi- licatd, globoso-depressd, superné confertim subtilissime oblique costellato-striatd, olivaceo-fuscd, basi subcon- cavo-excavatd, virescente ; spird converd, obtusa; an- Sractibus quinque, planiusculis ; apertura subampld, lu- nato-circulari, fauce cerulescente ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus, columellari breviter dilatato. THE UNADORNED Hexix. Shell narrowly and deeply umbilicated, globosely depressed, closely very finely obliquely rib-like striated at the upper part, olive- brown, greenish and somewhat concavely excavated at the base; spire convex, obtuse; whorls five, rather flat; aperture rather large, lunar-circular, interior bluish; lip simple, sharp, margins approximating, columellar margin shortly dilated. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 371. Has. Pennsylvania. The upper surface of this shell, which is of a delicate bright olive-brown colour, obtains a silky appearance from the close and regular accumulation of riblet strie. The under surface of the shell is smooth, greenish, and impressly hollowed. Species 667. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix crarnyra. Hel. testé vir umbilicatd, depressd, superne planiusculd, tenui, olivaceo-virente, levigata, nitente ; suturd lineari; anfractibus quinque, planius- culis, sensim accrescentibus ; umbilico angustissimo ; apertura lata, lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, mar- ginibus conniventibus. Tue NEAT Herix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressed, rather flat at the upper part, thin, olive-green, smooth, shining; suture linear; whorls five, rather flat, in- creasing gradually ; umbilicus very narrow ; aperture broad, lunar ; lip simple, sharp, margins approximat- ing. Jay, Nichol’s American Cyclopedia, pl. 1. f. 3. Hab. Pennsylvania. Dr. Gould considers this species to be identical with the European 7. cellaria of Miiller, and that it has been im- ported thence in plants or about water-casks. I take it to be distinct, belonging to a type indigenous to North America, and abundantly represented in H. Vancouverensis, levigata, inornata, interlexta, Planorboides, and fuliginosa, collected in this Plate. Species 668. (Mus, Cuming.) HELIX (NTERTEXTA. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, orbicu- lalo-convexd, virescente, oblique argute striata, lineis confertis concentricis granulato-decussatd ; spira eleva- td, obtusa ; anfractibus ser ad septem, converiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, fasciis obsoletis saturatiorihus cincto ; apertura lunari; peristomale simplici, recto, acuto, margine columellari superné reflexiusculo, intus calloso-incrassato. THE woven Hettx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, greenish, strongly obliquely striated, decussately granulated with close-set concentric lines ; spire elevated, obtuse; whorls six to seven, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled, encircled with ob- solete darker bands; aperture lunar; lip simple, straight, sharp, columellar margin a little reflected at the upper part, callously thickened inwardly. Bryney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iii. p. 413. pl. 20. f. 2. Hab. Pennsylvania, Ohio, South Carolina. Of a pale greenish colour, thickly set with obliquely arched stri, which are crossed by minute, almost obsolete, spiral lines. Species 669. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Vancouverensis. el. testé late umbilicaté, or- biculato-depressd, solidiusculd, minutissimé et confer- tim striaté et rugulosd, olivaceo-cornea ; spird viz ele- vatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo basi subcompresso, antice deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, subcirculari ; peristomate superne depresso, simplici, basi incrassato, breviter re- jflexo, marginibus approximatis, Tue Vancouver Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, rather solid, very minutely and closely striated and wrinkled, olive-horny; spire but little raised ; whorls four to five, rather flat, increas- ing slowly, the last somew hat compressed at the base, deflected in front; aperture very oblique, nearly cir- August, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CXVI. cular; lip depressed at the upper part, simple, thick- ened and shortly reflected at the base, margins ap- proximated. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 87. pl. 23. f. 72. Hab. North America. A fine dark olive species of Cyclostoma-like growth, in- habiting the banks of the Columbia River, Xe. Species 670. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ALTERNATA. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, orbicu- lato-depressd, tenui, luteo-corned, strigis interruptis rufis ornatd, striis confertis elevatis scabra ; anfrac- tibus quingue ad sez, planiusculis, ultimo interdum obtus® carinato; umbilico magno, pervio; apertura perobligud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, ad umbilicum via expanso. Tue atrernate Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, or- bicularly depressed, thin, yellowish-horny, ornamented with red interrupted streaks, rough with close-set raised strie; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last sometimes obtusely keeled; umbilicus large, open ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip simple, acute, a little expanded at the umbilicus. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 161. Helix scabra, Lamarck. Helix radiata, Gmelin. Hab. North Ameriea, on the banks of the rivers and in damp parts of the forests, upon decaying logs and stumps. Characterized by its conspicuous red-streaked and mot- tled painting, and deep open perspective umbilicus. Species 671. (Mus. Cuming.) Hletrx Panporm. Hel. testd obtecte umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, lenui, rugulosa, concentrice minutissimé striata ; anfractibus supra peripheriam fuscis, infra et prope peripheriam albidis, fusco cingulatis, basi albidis ; apertura rotundatd, intus fused, albido-fasciatd, mar- gine interno incrassato, albo ; peristomate reflexiusculo, extus albo-labiato, margine columellari dilatato, reflexo, | umbilicum occultante. Pxnpora’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressly globose, thin, wrinkled, concentrically very minutely striated ; whorls above the periphery brown, beneath and near the periphery whitish, encircled with brown, at the base whitish; aperture rounded, | brown and white-banded within, inner edge thickened, white; lip slightly reflected, white-edged outwardly, columellar margin dilated, reflected, concealing the umbilicus. Forses, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 55. Has. Central America, near the Straits of Juan del Fuaco. A small grey-brown species with somewhat of a Euro- pean aspect. Species 672. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix tavieata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, virescente-corned, superne minute costulato-striata, basi convexiusculd, sublevigata ; spird vie elevaté ; anfrac- tibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo lato, antic? non de- scendente ; apertura ampla, laté lunari, intus cerules- cente; peristomate acuto, recto, marginibus conniven- tibus, columellari vix dilatato, reflexiusculo. Tue smoorH Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, greenish-horny, minutely rib-like striated, rather convex at the base, nearly smooth; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat, the last broad, not descending in front; aperture large, broadly lunar, bluish within; lip sharp, straight, margins approxi- mating, columellar a little dilated and reflected. Mesomphix levigata, Rafinesque, Beck, Index, p. 7. Hab. Pennsylvania, Kentucky. Thin, transparent, smooth, and horny, of a greenish hue, with only a moderate-sized umbilicus. Species 673. (Mus. Cuming.) Hextx vevticata. Hel. testd aperté umbilicata, tenui, convexo-depressd, luteo-virescente, subnitida, sulcato- striata, striis minutissimis spiralibus decussatd ; spird converiusculd; anfractibus sex, ultimo rotundato, magno, antice dilatato, subdescendente ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-oblongd, fauce albd ; peristomate effuso, margine subreflexo, superne deflexo-sinuato. Tur prxcueD Hetrx. Shell openly umbilicated, thin, convexly depressed, greenish-yellow, rather shining, groove-striated, decussated with very minute spiral strie ; spire rather convex; whorls six, the last rounded, large, dilated and a little descending in front; aperture very oblique, lunar-oblong, interior white; lip effused, edge a little reflected, deflectedly sinuated at the upper part. Forses, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 55. Hab. Panama? Distinguished by the peculiar pinched deflected forma- tion of the lip-margins. Species 674. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Puanorsorpes. Hel. testdé late umbilicatd, de- pressd, superné leviusculd, hasi costulato-striata, dia- phand, corneo-flavidd ; spird brevissimd ; suturé me- diocri ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo anticé non defleco; aperturd vix obliqud, lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus approximatis, basali reflexiusculo. THe PLANORBIS-LIKE HeELrIx. Shell broadly umbili- cated, depressed, rather smooth at the upper part, finely rib-like striated at the base, diaphanous, horny- yellow; spire very short; suture middling; whorls five, rather flat, the last not deflected in front ; aper- ture scarcely oblique, lunar-circular ; lip simple, with the margins approximated, basal margin a little re- flected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 82. f. 4. Mesomphia Planorboides, Rafinesque. Helix concava, Say. Had. Mlinois and Missouri, North America. HELIX.—P tare CXVI. A very delicate pale greenish-yellow shell, partaking of the form of Planorbis and of Cyclostoma. Species 675. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX FULIGINOSA. Hel. testa angusté umbilicatd, de- pressd, tenui, strialuld, nitidd, olivaceo-corned ; spira viz elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planius- culis, rapide accrescentibus, ultima magno, subdepresso ; apertura perobliqud, ampla, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine umbilicali reflexiusculo. Tue sooty Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, finely striated, shining, olive-horny ; spire but little raised; whorls four to five, rather flat, increasing rapidly, the last large, a little depressed ; aperture very oblique, large, lunar-oval; lip simple, sharp, umbilical edge a little reflected. GrirritH, Binney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, vol. ui. p. 417. pl. 24. Hah. Pennsylvania, Ohio. A sombre olive-horny species, rather inflated in the last whorl. ¢ Helix, Pl. OCXVL. S | Species 676. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Pennsytvanica. Hel. testa obtecté perforata, subglobosd, tenui, pellucida, luteo-corned, subtiliter ob- liqué costulatd ; anfractihus quinque, planiusculis, ul- timo ad aperturam subconstricto; apertura lunari ; peristomate late reflexo, intus albo-labiato, margine co- lumellari subrecto, expanso, umbilicum obtegente. THE PENNSYLVANIAN Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, subglobose, thin, pellucid, yellow-horny, finely obliquely ribbed; whorls five, rather flat, the last somewhat constricted at the aperture ; aperture lunar; lip broadly reflected, white-edged inwardly, columellar margin nearly straight, expanded, cover- ing the umbilicus. Green, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum of Natural History, No. 1. p. 8. Helix clausa, Say. Hab. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Mlinois. The species collected in this Plate are all different forms of one peculiar North American type. Species 677. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx tuyrrorpes. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, de- presso-globosa, corneo-luted, regulariter striata ; spird magis minusve elecatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo basi convero ; apertura lunari ; peristomate reflexo, intus alho, calloso, marginibus callo tenui medio tuberculum dentiforme gerente junctis, colu- mellari umbilicum semioccultante. ‘THe suieLp-11ke Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, horny-yellow, regularly striated ; spire more or less raised; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last convex at the base; aperture lunar; lip reflected, white and callous within, margins joined | by a thin callosity bearing a tooth-shaped tubercle in the middle, columellar margin half-covering the umbilicus. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 161. Mesodon leucodon, Kafinesque. Hab. North America. Of light subtransparent texture, with a broad flatly ap- pressed lip and a tooth-like tubercle on the body-whorl. HELIX. Puate CXVII. Species 678. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix PALLrata. Hel, testd obtect? umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, fusco-corned, granulato-striald ; spird viz ele- vata; anfractibus quinque, subplanulatis, ultimo ob- tuse angulato, antic? paululum descendente ; apertura coarctatd, subtriangulari ; peristomate tenui, angulato- reflexo, intus bidentato, dente in margine dextro, altero transverso in hasali pariete aperturali dente tertio lin- guiformi munito. Tae cLotaep Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressed, thin, brown-horny, granulately striated ; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat, the last obtusely angled, a little descending in front; aperture contracted, somewhat triangular ; lip thin, angularly reflected, two-toothed within, one tooth ou the right margin, one transverse on the basal, fur- nished with a third linguiform tooth on the wall of the aperture. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. iii. p. 152 Heliz denotata, ¥ Grussac. Heliz notata, Deshayes. Heliz Carolinensis, Lea. Hab. North America. Of a more compressed form than the preceding species, with the lip toothed inwardly along the edge, and an elon- gated tongue-shaped tooth on the body-whorl. Species 679. (Mus. Cuming.) Ifeurx Sayr. Hel. testé umbilicata, orbiculato-depressé, tenui, luteo-rornea, costulato-striaté ; anfractibua sez, convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente ; umbilico medio- cri; apertura lunato-subcirculari, dente linguiformi in pariete aperturali coarctaté ; peristomate intus albo- labiato, angust2 reflero, margine basali unidentato, co- lumellari dilatato. Say’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, thin, yellowish-horny, finely rib-like striated ; whorls six, rather convex, the last not descending; umbi- licus middling; aperture lunar-subcircular, con- tracted by a linguiform toothon the wall of the aper- ture; lip white-edged inwardly, narrowly reflected, basal margin one-toothed, columellar dilated. Brxney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iii p. 379. pl. 16 August, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXVII. Hah. North America. Broader and more widely convoluted, with a deep per- spective umbilicus. Species 680. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Roemert. Hel. testd obtect2? umbilicatd, depress, tenuiusculd, confertim striatuld, diaphand, vix nitiduld, sordide corned; spird vie elevatd ; suturd leviter im- pressi; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, lente ac- crescentibus, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato, antice vie descendente ; apertura obliqué, lunari, dente ob- longo in pariete aperturali; peristomate validé albo- labiato, margine supero recto, basali reflexo, columellart dilatato. Rormer’s Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressed, rather thin, closely finely striated, diapha- nous, but little shining, dull horny; spire but little raised ; suture slightly impressed ; whorls five, rather convex, increasing slowly, the last slightly angled at the periphery, scarcely descending in front; aperture oblique, lunar, with an oblong tooth on the body- whorl; lip strongly white-edged, upper margin straight, basal reflected, columellar dilated. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1848, p. 117. Hab. Texas. This species, collected near Braunfels, Texas, by Dr. Ferdinand Roemer, belongs to the same North American type as the other species figured in this Plate. Species 681. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix Evevata. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicata, subglobosa, oblique striata, sub epidermide lutescente alba ; spird elevatd, turbinatd ; anfractibus septem, conveviusculis, ultimo inflato; apertura subtriangulari ; peristomate lato, intus albo, labiato, marginibus callo tenui dentem validum linguiformem emittente junctis, dextro ex- panso, basali strictiusculo, reflexo, columellari dilatato. Tue RAISED Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, subglobose, obliquely striated, white, beneath a yel- lowish epidermis; spire raised, turbinated ; whorls seven, rather convex, the last inflated; aperture somewhat triangular ; lip broad, white edged, margins joined by a thin callosity emitting a strong tongue- shaped tooth, right margin expanded, basal margin rather drawn out and reflected, columellar dilated. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 154. Helix Knoxvillina, F Grussac. Hab. North America. Chiefly distinguished from its congeners by its more elevated globose form. Species 682. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELIx prorunpa. el. testé profunde umbilicata, orti- culato-convexré, tenui, confertim costulato-striatd, vivide aureo-corned, interdum fascia unicd lata rufa supra peripheriam ornaté; spird vie elevala; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo viz descendente ; um- bilico pervio, perspectivo ; apertura lunari; peristo- mate lato, angulatim expanso, margine basali reflero. Tue DEEP Heurx. Shell deeply umbilicated, orbicularly convex, thin, closely rib-like striated, bright golden- horny, sometimes ornamented above the periphery with a broad red band; spire scarcely raised ; whorls five, rather convex, the last a little descending; um- bilicus open, perspective; aperture lunar; lip broad, angularly expanded, basal margin reflected. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 160. Hab. North America. A beautifully bright transparent species, with the whorls convoluted round a broad axis after the manner of a Solarium. Species 683. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Henrx opstricta. Hel. testa obtect2 umbilicatd, de- pressd, costulato-striatd, epidermide nuda pallide fusca vestita ; spird planiusculd ; anfractibus quingue, de- pressis, acute carinatis, carind prominente, anfractu ul- timo basi convexo; apertura obliquad, subtriangulari, dente linguiformi arcuatim intrante parietis apertura- lis coarctatd; peristomate tenui, late expanso, intus laté albo-calloso, margine supero valid unidentato, basali stricto, dilatato, reflexo, obsolet2 unidentato. Tue tTreED Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressed, rib-like striated, clothed with a pale brown naked epidermis; spire rather flat; whorls five, de- pressed, sharply keeled, keel prominent, last whorl convex at the base; aperture oblique, subtriangular, contracted by a tongue-shaped tooth entering in an arched manner upon the wall of the aperture; lip thin, broadly expanded, broadly white-callous within, upper margin strongly one-toothed, basal drawn out, reflected, obsoletely one-toothed. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 154. | Hab, Ohio, North America; Say. HELIX.—P uate CXVII. Of the same type as the preceding species, but having the periphery produced throughout into a sharp prominent keel. : Species 684. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Baskervitier. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso- depress, solidiusculd, subpellucida, oblique plicato-ru- gulosd, lineis spiralibus impressis minute decussata, olivaceo-fuscd ; spird subconoided ; anfractihus sex, an- gustis, convexiusculis, ultimo rotundato, antice via de- scendente ; apertura oblique lunari, dente linguiformi albo pariete aperturali ; peristomate late incrassato, carneo-albido, margine basali appresso, subdentato, co- lumellari dilatato, calloso, umbilicum semitegente. BaskeRvILLeE’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, rather solid, subtransparent, obliquely pli- cately wrinkled, minutely decussated with impressed spiral lines, olive-brown; spire subconical; whorls six, narrow, rather convex, the last rounded, but little descending in front; aperture obliquely lunar, with a white tongue-shaped tooth on the wall of the aperture; lip broadly thickened, flesh-white, basal margin appressed, slightly toothed, columellar dilated and callous, half-covering the umbilicus. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 130. Hah. Vancouver's Island; Lieut. Baskerville. This species from Vancouver's Island presents the same trifling but characteristic departure from the North American type as the H. Roemeri from Texas, namely, that the regular rib-likes tri are replaced by irregular plicately wrinkled strie. Melia. Pl. CXVIIL HEU Prare CXVIII. Species 685. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix spinosa. Hel. testa obtecté umbilicata, lenticulari, tenui, corneo-fuscd, hispidd, basi convexd; spird vir elevatd ; anfractibus sex, planis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice gibbo, subdeflexo, acutissimée carinato ; apertura depressd, transversd, sublineari, dente magno linguiformi oblique intrante in toto pariete aperturali coarctatd ; peristomate calloso, margine supero reflexo, basali introrsum incrassato, obsolete denticulato. Tue spinous Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, lenticular, thin, horny-brown, hairy, convex at the base; spire scarcely raised; whorls six, flat, increas- ing slowly, last whorl gibbous in front, a little de- flected, very sharply keeled; aperture depressed, transverse, nearly linear, contracted by a large tongue-shaped tooth, obliquely entering all along the wall of the aperture; lip callous, upper margin re- flected, basal inwardly thickened, obsoletely toothed. Carocolla spinosa, Lea, Observations, vol. i. p. 114. pl. 15. f, 35. Helix spinosa, Binney. Has, Alabama, Tennessee, North America. A peculiarly flattened lens-shaped shell, characterized by a long erect linguiform tooth upon the body-whorl, which almost closes upon the aperture. Species 686. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix raLuax. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, costulato-striatd, corneo-luted; spird convexd; anfrac- tibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo, con- stricto ; aperturd trisinuosd, dente parietis aperturalis magno linguiformi oblique arcuatim intrante coarctata ; peristomate reflexo, intus calloso, albo, bidentato, dente superiore introrsum flexo, a margine remoto, altero sub-basali. Tue raise Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, finely rib-like striated, horny-yellow ; spire convex; whorls six, rather convex, the last deflected and constricted in front; aperture tri-sinuous, con- tracted by a large oblique tongue-shaped tooth, en- tering upon the wall of the aperture in an arched manner; lip reflected, callous within, white, two- toothed, upper tooth bent inwardly, remote from the margin, the other sub-basal. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. v. p. 119. Hab. North America, Virginia, Texas, Philadelphia. A small compact shell, of a light semitransparent horny texture, peculiarly constricted round the aperture. Species 687. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx ventrosuta. Hel. testd angust2 umbilicald, de- presso-qlobosd, lenui, subtiliter striata, pellucida, cor- neo-albidé ; spird vix elecatd; anfractihus quingue, viz converiusculis, ultimo superne subangulato, subitd deflero, basi inflato, antic? gibbo et valde constricto ; apertura perobliqud ; peristomate acuto, late reflexo, marginibus viz conniventibus, laminas elevatas in ventre anfractiis penultimi angulatim junctas emittentibus, dextro lamina subperpendiculari dilatato, basali den- tibus acutis munito. THE sWOLLEN Hewrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly globose, thin, finely striated, pellucid, horny- white; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather convex, the last slightly angled at the upper part, suddenly deflected and inflated at the base, gibbous and much constricted in front; aperture very oblique: lip sharp, broadly reflected, margins a little approxi- mating, emitting raised angularly joined lamella on the body-whorl, right margin dilated into a nearly perpendicular lamina, basal furnished with two sharp teeth. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 131. Hab. Mexico; Hinds. Texas; Sowerby. Somewhat like the last species in general aspect, but smoother, more swollen, and characterized by a peculiar triangular lamella on the body-whorl. Species 688. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Reprrevpu. Hel. testé angusle umbilicata, sub- globoso-turbinatd, tenui, ventricosd, carneo-fuscescente ; spird subacuminala ; anfractibus quingue, concexis, ob- lique plicato-striatis, lineis spiralibus minutis impresse decussatis ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, marginibus conniventibus, columellari breviter dilatato. Reprreip’s Heuix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, some- what globosely turbinated, thin, ventricose, light flesh-brown ; spire somewhat acuminated ; whorls August, 1852. HELIX.—Prare CXVIII. five, convex, obliquely plicately striated, impressly decussated with minute spiral lines; aperture nearly circular ; lip thin, margins approximating, columellar margin shortly dilated. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Shanghai, China; Fortune. Of a subacuminated Bulimus-like growth, thin and semi- transparent, and of a uniform light flesh-brown hue. Species 689. (Mus. Cuming.) He.ix appressa. Tel. testé obtecte umbilicata, orbicu- lato-depressi, pellucida, costulato-striatd, corneo-lutes- cente ; spird planulatd ; anfractibus quingue, superne planulatis, ultimo obtuse angulato (angulo anticé eva- nescente), anticé constricto ; apertura coarctatd, sub- triangulari ; peristomate angulatim late reflexo, intus calloso, marginibus callo tenui, dentem linguiformem oblique intrantem emittente, junctis, dextro et basali strictiusculo obsolete dentatis. THE APPRESSED Heix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly depressed, pellucid, finely rib-like striated, horny-yellow ; spire flattened; whorls five, flattened at the upper part, the last obtusely angled (the angle disappearing towards the front) constricted anteriorly ; aperture contracted, nearly triangular; lip angularly broadly reflected, callous within, margins joined by a thin callosity, emitting an obliquely entering tongue- shaped tooth, right and basal margins rather drawn out, obsoletely toothed. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 151. Helix linguifera, Férussac. Hab. Ohio and Missouri, North America. Characterized in great measure by its appressly flattened growth. Species 690. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix tTRIDENTATA. Jel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato- depressd, confertim costulato-striata, corneo-luted vel Suscescente ; spird brevissimd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo antice vix descendente; aper- turé lunari, subtriangulari ; peristomate reflexo, albo, intus calloso, marginibus conniventibus, callo tenut dentem linguiformem intrantem emittente junctis, dex- tro et basali unidentatis, dentibus inaqualibus, in ipso margine calli positis. Tue THREE-TooTHED Hextix. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cularly depressed, closely rib-like striated, horny- yellow or brownish; spire very short; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last a little descending in front; aperture lunar, subtriangular; lip reflected, white, callous within, margins approximating, joined by a thin callosity, emitting an entering tongue- shaped tooth, riglit and basal margins one-toothed, teeth unequal, placed on the callous edge. Say, Nichol’s Encyclopedia (Aierican edition), vol. iv. Hab, Atiautic States of North America. Although resembling H. fallar in the dentition of the aperture, the shell is specifically distinct in form and man- ner of convolution. Species 691. (Mus. Cuming.) W[eELIX MULTILINEATA. Tel. testd obtect2 umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, tenui, pellucidd, costulis minutis obli- quis confertissimis ornata, corneo-stramined, cingulis variis angustis rufis circumdatd ; anfractibus sex, con- vexiusculis ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate acuto, angulatim reflexo, margine columellari in lami- nam tenuem, umbilicum prorsus oblegentem, expanso. THE MANY-LINED HeELrx. Shell with a covered umbili- cus, depressly globose, thin, pellucid, ornamented with oblique close-set minute ribs, horny-straw co- lour, encircled with various narrow red bands and lines; whorls six, rather convex; aperture lunar- rounded; lip sharp, angularly reflected, columellar margin expanded into a thin lamella, entirely cover- ing the umbilicus. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 150. Had. Mllinois and Missouri, North America. This delicate finely-ribbed transparent species, encircled with red bands and lines, stands alone as a distinct type by itself among the North American snails. Species 692. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Cotumpiana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressd, tenui, luteo-corned, striatd, pilis brevibus ri- gidis obsita ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus sex, con- vexis, ultimo antice vie defleco, ad aperluram con- stricto; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate laté expanso, intus albo, calloso, margine columellari brevi, subverticali, dilatato, reflexo, umbilicum angustum fere occultante, basali strictiusculo, Tue Conumpia Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, thin, yellowish-horny, striated, covered with short rigid hairs; spire somewhat raised ; whorls six, convex, the last a little deflected in front, constricted at the aperture; aperture rotundately lunar; lip broadly expanded, white, callous within, columellar margin short, subvertical, dilated, re- flected, almost concealing the narrow umbilicus, basal margin rather drawn out. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 89. pl. 23. f. 75. Hab. Fort Vancouver, California, Nootka Sound. Distinguished by its covering of numerous short bristles, which are arranged obliquely in a direction contrary to the lines of growth. Species 693. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix wicera. el. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-convexd, nitidd, pallide luted, superne arcuatim costulato-stri- até, basi levigatd; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo basi planiore ; aperturdé lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, recto, margine columellari vir reflexiusculo, intus subincrassato. Tue t1eED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, | HELIX.—Ptare CXVII. shining, pale yellow, arcuately rib-like striated at the upper part, smooth at the base; whorls six, convex, the last flatter at the base; aperture lunar ; lip sim- ple, sharp, straight, columellar margin scarcely re- flected, slightly thickened within. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 157. Heliz Wardiana, Lea. Helix Rafinesquea, Vérussac. Hab. Missouri, Kentucky, Cincinnati, North America. The chief peculiarity of this species, compared with other forms of the same type, is that there is no callous reflected thickening of the lip. Fig. 694. (Mus. Cuming.) This species proves to be H. clausa, Say (not of Rafi- uesque), which is a variety of 17. Pennsylvanica, represented in Pl. CXVIL. pe Vee it : baP he ane antl -_— 7 if i ‘4p. te i) a & va eon oe 7 Yas Ge . . a & < 4 * i 7 ‘ 3 } ‘ : : ‘ i 1 _ _ : ? A « Helix Pl. CHIL. HELIX. Piate CXIX. Species 695. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx perspectiva. Hel. testd late et perspective umbi- licatd, depresso-orbiculari, superné vix convexiusculd, subtus excavatd, tenui, rufo-corned, regulariter cos- tulatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus ; aperturaé parva, lunato-subcirculari; peristomate acuto, marginibus distantibus. Tue Perspective Hexrx. Shell broadly and perspec- tively umbilicated, depressly orbicular, slightly convex at the upper part, excavated beneath, thin, red-horny, regularly finely ribbed; whorls six to seven, rather convex, increasing slowly ; aperture small, lunar-sub- circular ; lip simple, acute, margins distant. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 18. Helix patula, Deshayes. Has. North America, near Lake Erie. A small depressly excavated species, with the whorls widely convoluted so as to form a large open perspective umbilicus. Species 696. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix convexa. Hel. testd subobtecte umbilicata, glo- boso-depressd, diaphand, rufescente-corned, pilis bre- vissimis obsitd ; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, supremis planiusculis, ultimis duobus con- vexris, ultimo anticé gibbo, ad aperturam constricto ; umbilico angusto, pervio; apertura late lunari, dente lamelliformi in pariete aperturali coarctatd ; peristo- mate acuto, reflexo, intus albo-calloso. Tue convex Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, globosely depressed, diaphanous, reddish- horny, covered with very short hairs; spire rather conyex ; whorls five to six, the uppermost rather flat, the last two convex, the last gibbous in front, con- stricted at the aperture; umbilicus narrow, open ; aperture broadly lunar, contracted by a lamelliform tooth upon the wall of the aperture; lip sharp, re- flected, white-callous within. Rarinesave, Deshayes, Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. ii. p- 253. Helix monodon, Rackett. Eadem var., Helix fraterna, Say. Hab. Ohio, North America. A small globose species, covered with very short hairs, which, however, are generally more or less obsolete. Species 697. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix sicostata. Hel. testd vic umbilicatd, semiglo- bosd, superné subarcuatim rugoso-striata, nitiduld, vi- rente-flavidd ; spird magis minusve elevaté ; anfracti- bus septem, angustis, convexiusculis, ultimo basi sub- plano, medio impresso, levigato, lineis concentricis ob- soletis sub lente notato; apertura lated lunari, basi costis validis, marginem non attingentibus, munitd ; pe- ristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari perobli- quo, calloso. THE TWO-RIBBED Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, semiglobose, somewhat arcuately rugosely striated at the upper part, shining, greenish-yellow ; spire more or less raised; whorls seven, narrow, rather convex, the last somewhat flattened at the base, impressed in the middle, smooth, marked beneath the lens with obsolete concentric lines; aperture broadly lunar, furnished at the base with two strong ribs, not reaching to the margin; lip simple, acute, columellar margin very oblique and callous. PFEIFFER, Symbolz, vol. iii. p. 69. Hab. Tennessee, North America. This little species partakes of the same peculiar typical characters as H. Cookiana, and others collected in PI. LXIL., being of the same hollow-based pyramidal form, furnished with internal ribs or lamella. Species 698. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx cereouus. Tel. testd late umbilicata, orbiculata, corned, oblique costulala ; spird planata ; anfractibus septem ad octo, superne angustissimis, subequalibus, penultimo supernd immerso, omnibus basi conspicuis, inequaliter prominentibus, ultimo superne carinato ; apertura reniformi; peristomale simplici, angulatim refleco, marginibus lamella dentiformi junctis. Tue LITTLE TAPER Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbicular, horny, obliquely finely ribbed ; spire flat- tened; whorls seven to eight, very narrow at the upper part, nearly equal, penultimate whorl immersed August, 1852. a HELIX.—Puate CXIX. at the upper part, all conspicuous at the base, un- equally prominent, last whorl keeled at the upper part; aperture kidney-shaped; lip simple, angularly reflected, margins joined by a toothed lamella. Muutre.pt, Berlin, Mag. vol. viii. p. 11. pl. 2. f. 18. Helix septemvolva, Férussac. Helix planorbula, Lamarck. Helix polygyrata, Binney. Hab. Georgia, Florida, North America. A very singular species, with the whorls convoluted one over the other like a wax taper. Species 699. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX FLORULIFERA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressd, superne planiusculd, areuatim striata, basi ro- tundata, griseo-albidé ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo circa umbilicum parcum tumidiusculo ; apertura par- viusculd, horizontali, constrictd, dentibus duobus la- melldque auriformi peculiariter coarctata ; peristomate expanso. THE FLOWER-BEARING Hexix. Shell umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, rather flat at the upper part, ar- cuately striated, rounded at the base, greyish-white ; whorls five, the last rather swollen around the um- bilicus, which is small ; aperture rather small, horizon- tal, constricted, peculiarly contracted by two teeth and an ear-shaped lamella ; lip expanded. Prerrrer, MSS. Hab. Florida. The dentition of this species is extremely peculiar. Species 700. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx avunicutata. Hel. testé compresso-umbilicatd, superné planiusculd, subtus inflata, costulato-striatd, lutescente vel fusca ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, an- gustis, ultimo ad aperturam deflexo, disjuncto, subtus constricto, scrobiculato ; umbilico plano, penultimum anfractum modo monstrante ; apertura subhorizontali, auriformi, fere clausd ; peristomate continuo, margi- nibus plicé oblonga intrante superne excavald junctis, dextro intus lamella profundd munito, cum basali late unituberculoso angulum subacutum formante. Tue aurtcuULATED Hetrx. Shell compressly umbilica- ted, rather flat at the upper part, inflated beneath, finely rib-like striated, yellowish or brown; whorls five to six, narrow, the last deflected at the aperture, disjoined, constricted and pitted underneath; umbi- licus flat, sometimes showing the penultimate whorl ; aperture subhorizontal, ear-shaped, almost closed ; lip continuous, margins joined by an oblong entering fold, excavated at the upper part, right margin fur- nished with a deep lamella, inwardly forming with the broadly one-tubercled basal margin a rather sharp angle. Polygyra auriculata, Say, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- phia, vol. i. part 2. p. 277. Helix auriculata, Férussac. Hab. Florida. Closely allied to the preceding species, but more closely compressly convoluted. Species 701. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix CuMBERLANDIANA. Hel. testd subampliter et perspective umbilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, subtus con- vexd, conspicue arcuatim costato-striata, carinatd, infra carinam impressa, fuscescente, rufo maculald ; anfrac- tibus quingue; apertura angulata ; peristomate tenui, acuto. ‘Te CUMBERLAND HeExix. Shell somewhat largely and perspectively umbilicated, depressly orbicular, convex beneath, conspicuously arcuately rib-like striated, keeled, impressed beneath the keel, pale brownish, spotted with red; whorls five; aperture angled; lip thin, acute. La, Observations, vol. iii. p. 67. pl. 6. f. 61. Hab. Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, North America. A conspicuously rib-striated red-blotched shell, allied to H. alternata. Fig. 702. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be Dr. Pfeiffer’s Variety 8 of the Helix hirsuta, Say, for which see Pl. CXXI. It is of much larger and more opake growth than the typical species, and is said to have been named in manuscript by De Férussac H. stenotrema. Species 703. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Epveartana. Hel. testé imperforatd, lenticulari, subtus convexiore, arcuatim striatd, lineis spiralibus impressis minutissimée decussatd, pellucido-albicante ; anfractibus quinque, plano-convexis, ultimo ad peri- pheriam carinato ; apertura angustissimd, horizontali, dente elongato lamindque coarctatd, dente in medio in- ciso ; peristomate antice incrassato, erecto. HELIX.—Ptate CXIX. HpGar’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, lenticular, more convex beneath, arcuately striated, very minutely de- cussated with spiral impressed lines, transparent whitish ; whorls five, flatly convex, the last keeled at the periphery; aperture very narrow, horizontal, contracted by an elongated tooth which is slit in the middle and a lamina; lip thickened anteriorly and erect. Carocolla Edgariana, Lea, Pro. American Phil. Soc. 1841, vol. i. p. 31. Hab. Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, North America. Closely allied to 7. dirsuta in the form and dentition of the aperture, but of a different texture and sculpture. Species 704. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix ciausa. Hel. testd obtecté umbilicatd, orbiculato- convend, granulato-striatd, pubescente, griseo-fuscd ; spira brevi; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo ad aperturam superne gibboso, lateraliter constricto ; apertura coarctaté ; peristomate reflexo, intus calloso, margine dextro dente majore intrante, basal dente minore marginali, munitis, pariete aperturali dente ter- tio linguiformi intrante predito. THE cLosED Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly convex, granularly striated, pubescent, greyish-brown ; spire short ; whorls five, slightly con- vex, the last gibbous about the aperture at the upper part, constricted at the side; aperture contracted ; lip reflected, callous within, right margin furnished with a large entering tooth, basal margin with a smaller upon the edge, wall of the aperture with a third tongue-shaped entering tooth. RaFINeEsQuE, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51. f. 2. Helix inflecta, Say. Hab. Missouri, Carolina, North America. A rather solid shell, covered with very fine pubescent hairs. wey Ts 7 i emery _ A a ° ” » at a) , ‘ a 1 | - . 7 ; a, ‘ ‘ j f ie 0 vi ; 7 : Ps ae * - ' eT * : > ! a= 5 . 7 ‘ - S - _ : : 7 7 . = ‘ ; - i ‘ 7 7 i ‘ 7 S a ’ - - » rn 1 709... Sowerby, del et hith 705 708. 770 Helux , Pl. CHE. 709.8 | { HELIX, Pirate CXX. Species 705. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix microponta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato- pland, corned vel pallide rufescente, superne plana, ob- liqueé et argute striata, subtus convexd, tenerrime striata, nitidd, maculis opacis radiantibus notatd ; umbilico in- Sindibuliformi, excavatd ; anfractibus sex, ultimo ad aperturam gibbo ; apertura subtriangulari ; peristomate subincrassato, reflexiusculo, marginibus dente parvo cal- loso triangulari junctis. THE sMaLL-roorta Herix. Shell umbilicated, orbicu- larly flattened, horny or pale red, flat at the upper part, obliquely and smartly striated, convex beneath, very finely striated, shining, marked with opake ra- diating spots; umbilicus funnel-shaped, hollowed ; whorls six, the last gibbous at the aperture ; aperture somewhat triangular ; lip rather thickened and a little reflected, margins joined by a small callous triangular tooth. Desuayes, in Férussac, Hist. Moll. p. 6. pl. 72. f. 13. Helix plana, Dunker. Hab. Texas and Bermuda Islands. Distinguished by the small tooth which is set in a tri- angular form on the body-whorl. Species 706. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Troostrana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, utrinque costulatd, corned, superne planulatd, basi con- vexiore; spird planiusculd ; anfractibus quingque ad sex, planulatis, penultimo subtus umbilicum latum pla- nulatum formante, ultimo anticée deflexo, constricto ; apertura obliqua, lunari, coarctatd ; peristomate acuto, angulatim reflexo, intus calloso, marginibus callo den- tem linguiformem subtriangularem emittente junctis, ba- sali dente submarginali, dextro dente latiore profundo, munitis. Troost’s Heix. Shell umbilicated, discoid, finely ribbed on both sides, horny, flattened at the upper part, convex at the base; spire rather flat ; whorls five to six, flattened, penultimate whorl forming underneath a broad flattened umbilicus, last whorl deflected and constricted in front; aperture oblique, lunar, con- tracted ; lip sharp, angularly reflected, callous within, margins joined by a callosity emitting a subtriangular tongue-shaped tooth, basal tooth submarginal, right margin furnished with a deep broader tooth. Polygyra Troostiana, Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 170. pl. 24. f. 119. Hab. Tenessee, North America. The tongue-shaped tooth upon the body-whorl of this species is unusually broad and excavated. Species 707. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Texastana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-de- pressa, tenuiusculd, nitiduld, albd vel rubella, superne confertim plicatd, basi convexd, levigatd ; spird bre- vissimd, viz elevatd ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo prope aperturam argute plicato, antice deflero, subtus constricto, basi deviante, rimam arcuatam formante ; aperturé lunari, coarctatd ; peristomate albo, reflero, marginibus dente linguiformi acuto triangulari junctis, dextro dente minuto, basali dente validiore, munitis. Tue Texas Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, rather thin, shining, whitish or reddish, closely plicated at the upper part, convex and smooth at the base; spire very short, scarcely raised ; whorls six, flattened, the last neatly plicated near the aper- ture, deflected in front, constricted beneath, deviating at the base so as to form an arched rim; aperture lunar, contracted; lip white, reflected, margins joined by a sharp triangular tongue-shaped tooth, right margin furnished with a minute tooth, basal with a stronger one. Moricanp, Mem. Soe. Hist. Nat. Geneva, vol. vi. p. 538. pl. 1. f. 2. Hab. Texas, Alabama. The tooth on the body-whorl forms a distinct hollowed triangle joining with the margins of the aperture Species 708. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Bertanpertana. Hel. festd angusl? umbilicaté, depresso-globosd, striata, lucid, alba vel cinered, in- terdum unifasciatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo basi inflato ; apertura lunato- subcirculari ; peristomate acuto, intus labiato, margine columellari juxta umbilicum angustum reflero, dilatato BERLANDER’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- August, 1852. pressly globose, striated, lucid, white or ash-coloured, sometimes one-banded; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last inflated at the base; aperture lunar- subcircular ; lip sharp, thickened within, columellar margin reflected and dilated next the aperture. Moricanp, Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Geneva, vol. vi. p. 537. jst Fs Ie Hab. Texas. This species, which has the appearance of a glassy bub- ble, is very distinct from any of the North American forms; so much so, as almost to cast a doubt upon its locality. Species 709. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Hoprronensis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subde- presso-orbiculari, undique creberrimé costato-striatd, olivaceo-corned ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; aper- turd lunato-circulari ; peristomate effuso, subreflexo, intus labiato, marginibus conniventibus, dente brevi albo in pariete aperturali, margine columellari dente parvo, basali dente latiore, munitis. Tue Hoprretron Herrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat depressly orbicular, very closely rib-like striated throughout, olive-horny ; whorls five, rounded; aper- ture lunar-circular; lip effused, a little reflected, thick- ened within, margins approximating, with a short white tooth on the wall of the aperture, columellar margin furnished with a small tooth, basal with a broader one. SHUTTLEWoRTH, MS. Hab, Texas. A neatly closely ribbed rounded species, of a glossy olive aspect, having three small teeth in the aperture, one on the body-whorl, and two on the inner edge of the lip opposite. Species 710. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix CayENNENSIS. Jel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, striatula, nitidd, corneo-lutescente ; spird subplanu- lata; anfractibus quingue, viz convexiusculis, ultimo via dilatato, non descendente ; umbilico magno, pervio ; aperturd lunalo-circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue Cayenne Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, finely striated, shining, horny-yellow; spire rather flat- tened ; whorls five, but little convex, the last scarcely dilated, not descending; umbilicus large, open; aperture lunar-cireular ; lip simple, acute. PPEIFPER, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 21. HELIX.—Puate CXX. Hab. Cayenne; Petit. A shell of simple Planorbis-like growth, without any indication of teeth in the aperture. Species 711. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix vuituosa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-orbi- culari, undique creberrimé costellato-striata, olivaceo- corned ; spird convexd ; anfractibus sex, subangustis, convexis, ultimo subobscuré carinato ; umbilico parco, profundo ; aperturd subquadrato-lunari, dente pro- minente linguiformi in paricte aperturali ; peristomate incrassato, subreflexo, margine columellari dente ob- longo, dextro dente triangulari introverto, munitis. THE GRIM-LOOKING Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, very closely rib-like striated throughout, olive-horny; spire convex; whorls six, rather narrow, convex, the last somewhat obscurely keeled; umbilicus small, deep; aperture somewhat squarely lunar, with a prominent tongue-shaped tooth on the wall of the aperture; lip thickened, a little reflected, columellar margin furnished with an ob- long tooth, right margin with a triangular tooth turned inwards. Govuxp, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soe. Boston, 1848, p. 38. Hab. Texas. This is very closely allied to H. Hopetonensis, but is more closely convoluted, having a whorl more, and there is a difference in the form of the teeth. Species 712. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Hinpst. Hel. testé angusté umbilicatd, depressa, subtiliter striata, corneo-lutescente, diaphand, nitida ; spird parum elevaté ; anfractibus quinque, planiuscu- lis, ultimo basi convexiore, anticé deflero, subtus con- stricto ; apertura perobliqué, lunari ; peristomate bre- viter reflexo, marginibus conniventibus, callo triangu- lari dentiformi junctis, dextro lamella subverticali, basali dentibus aculis, munitis. Hinps’s Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed, finely striated, horny-yellow, diaphanous, shining ; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat, the last more convex at the base, deflected in front, con- stricted beneath; aperture very oblique, lunar; lip shortly reflected, margins approximating, joined by a triangular tooth-shaped callosity, right margin fur- nished with a nearly vertical lamella, basal with two sharp teeth. HELIX.—Ptare CXX. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 132. Hab. Texas. Of a hyaline yellowish-white substance, only faintly striated, with a prolonged triangular tooth on the body- whorl. Species 713. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix DorreviLueana. Hel. lesté umbilicatd, nitidd, rufo-corned, superne brevissimée conoided, plicato-stria- ta, inferné subinflatd, levigatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé vix deflexo ; apertura majuscula, interdum dente in pariete aper- turali ; peristomate reflexo, albo, dentibus duobus mar- ginalibus intus munito. | DorreumLie’s Hevrx. Shell umbilicated, shining, red- dish-horny, very shortly conoid at the upper part, plicately striated, somewhat inflated and smooth at the lower; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last slightly deflected in front; aperture rather large, sometimes with a tooth on the wall of the aperture ; lip reflected, white, furnished interiorly with two marginal teeth. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. p. 107. pl. 24. f. 118. Hab. Ohio, North America. Honduras; Dyson. The specimen here figured has no teeth on the inner wall of the aperture, it being as commonly absent as | | Present. ae wee a in c =) ae : wth 2 fey! aden ra Th he 7 ¥ De _ Po ilweney «(voi an a = 7 a ‘ ~ 7 > aa : 7 — 2 v7 lie 7 gw " gee T, ip = 4 7 ; 7 7 7 7 Seat? Pat 'f 7 i " Tr dee iy ® ae : ' bes 10 ad Pays) ie ke) aie « is a A ‘ ad bear Ade Di i a -a halen gone 2 be | “Aa nad hale! i A — , > ye ere a -_ Te : iP lb mn : ee a 7 a ie - PL? i ibe Sore eed — ae ae A _ r~ = a ae + ie a a , coe 7 aay Mie \ Pa in ae | fobs? 2% By ’ - oe - > ~d | aa | e : -) 7 7 : ¢@ 7 : a a 7 = = 7 - a 7 Sy 7 7 = 7 - - 7 > 7 5 7 - _ 4 i 7 7. | RS. > Sate — 7 ; ; 4 ne Lai. -- s b - — ; 7 a a a nd - 7 7 7 . 7 - - : _ ae os 1a °a@ : P = —e : : = @ win — 7 x o > - : - 7 se pe J - 7 ee 2s me he - > : : ae 7 - > «& - _ 7 a ee 7 . = 7 7 > « g ah, 7 a S 7 Ss ; - - oO a - 7 s , - ap * FF a g 7 - , (in-¢ — 7 Be w _— a 7 _ a 7 - : . : > ss 1 _ - a a : on 7 ~ @ _ - - -= = a . 7 7 -_ a +e - : : ; . 2 ® aa 7 - 7 ve : = = - _— a nail : = 7 >- = a. ae Ts —_— a -. = 7 - a - 7 - > <€ » =J _ 7 = a - a7 > e - > “7 7 - = _ — 7 _ . > 7 > = - : _ ; —~i _ => - ” i< ; 7 7 7 7 ; _ a = _ hp» - } > ge: 7 7 _ - - o on > ) tr The Aelea, Fl, CHIT. HELIX. Piate CXXI. Species 714. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix wirsuta. Hel. testd imperforatd, globulosd, dia- phand, rufa, undique hirsuta, subtus inflata ; anfracti- bus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé gibbo, angu- latim deflexo ; apertura irregulariter transverse lunari, rimulaformi, dente prelongo lamelliformi in pariete aperturali coarctatd ; peristomate superné vix expanso, basi callo trisinuoso introrsum prominente subincras- sato. Tue wary Herix. Shell imperforated, globular, dia- phanous, reddish, hairy throughout, inflated beneath ; whorls five, rather convex, the last gibbous in front, angularly deflected ; aperture irregularly transversely lunar, rim-shaped, contracted by a prolonged lamel- liform tooth on the apertural wall; lip a little ex- panded at the upper part, thickened inwardly at the base by a prominent trisinuous callosity. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 17. Helix fraterna, Wood. Hab. Pennsylvania, North America. Closely allied to H. stenotrema, but smaller and of more transparent texture. Species 715. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx pura. Hel. testé umbilicaté, depressd, virescente- corned, pellucida, nitidd, striatula; spird subplanu- lata ; anfractibus quatuor, vie convexriusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo depresso; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-rotundata ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto. THE TRANSPARENT HELIx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, greenish-horny, transparent, finely striated; spire rather flattened ; whorls four, slightly convex, in- creasing quickly, last whorl depressed; umbilicus middling, open; aperture very oblique, lunar- rounded ; lip simple, acute. Axper, Catalogue, p. 12. Felicella nitidiosa, Férussac. Helix nitidiosa, Rossmiissler. Helix nitidula, var., Draparnaud. Helix lenticula, Held. Helix electrina, Gould. Zonites purus, Gray. Eadem var. TZelixr radiatula, Alder. Helix clara, Held. Hab. Germany, France, Britain, Massachusetts, U.S. A small greenish glassy shell, more or less faintly striated. Species 716. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SELENINA. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-orbi- culari, pellucido-corned, albidd, tenuissim2 obsolete striata ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo ob- tusé carinato ; umbilico parvo, profundo ; apertura lu- nato-circulari ; peristomate tenui, simplici. THE MooN-LIKE Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, transparent-horny, whitish, very finely ob- soletely striated ; whorls five, rather flat, the last ob- tusely keeled; umbilicus open, deep; aperture lunar- circular; lip thin, simple. GouLp, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1848, p. 38. Hab. Florida. A small whitish-horny species of very simple character. Fig. 717. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, received with the name ZH. monodon, Binney, proves to be identical with H. convera, Rafinesque, given at Pl. CXIX. Sp. 696. Species 718. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX INTERNA. Hel. testa angustissime umbilicaté, or- biculato-conveziusculd, superne regulariter et confertim costulatd, subtus leviuscula, nitidd, pallid2 corned ; spird parum elecatd ; anfractibus septem, angustis, superné planatis, ultimo basi converiore; umbilico punctiformi ; apertura late lunari; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, margine basali dentibus pliciformihus, ad marginem non porrigentibus, munito. THE INTERNAL Hexrx. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, regularly and closely ribbed at the upper part, rather smooth and shining beneath, pale horny; spire but little raised; whorls seven, narrow, rather flat at the upper part, last whorl more convex at the base; umbilicus puncture-like ; aper- ture broadly lunar; lip simple, sharp, basal margin furnished with two plait-like teeth, not reaching to the edge. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 155 Helix pomum-Adami, Green. Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Hab. Missouri, America. Distinguished by its numerous narrow whorls, strongly rib-striated, and by the internal plait-like teeth of the aperture. August, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CXXI. Species 719. (Mus. Cuming.) Heutx eutaris. Hel. testd subumbilicatd, orbiculato-con- vera, tenui, striatuld, nitidd, luteo-corned ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, angustis, planiusculis; apertura lunari, intus dentibus pliciformibus, margine basali adnatis, ex- tus conspicuis, coarctatd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue GuiLer Hewrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbieu- larly convex, thin, finely striated, shining, yellowish- horny ; whorls five to six, narrow, rather flat; aper- ture lunar, contracted by two plait-like teeth, which extend to the margin, and are conspicuous from without; lip simple, acute. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol, ii. p. 156. Hab. Ohio, Pennsylvania, North America. The internal plait or plaits extend for some little dis- tance within the aperture, and are seen from the outside. Species 720. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx avara. Hel. testé rimato-umbilicaté, depressa, striata, hispidd, fusco-corned ; spird brevissimd ; an- fractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo basi umbilicum latum non pervium formante ; apertura brevi, coare- taté, triangulari-subreniformi ; peristomate reflexo, marginibus dente magno uncinato junctis, basili dente majusculo triangulari, deatro dente latiore illi approai- mato, munitis. Tue Greepy Heurx. Shell rim-like umbilicated, de- pressed, striated, hairy, brown-horny; spire very short; whorls five, rather flat, the last forming at the base a broad closed umbilicus; aperture short, contracted, triangularly somewhat kidney-shaped ; lip reflected, margins joined by a large hooked tooth, basal margin furnished with a rather large triangular tooth, right margin with a broader tooth near to it. Polygyra avara, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 277. Helix Sayi, Wood. Hab. Louisiana and West Florida. The mouth of this species is nearly closed up by the strong development of the lip and marginal teeth. Species 721. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix pustuLa. Hel. testa wmbilicatd, depressd, minute striatuld, rufo vel pallide corned ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, vix convexiusculis, ul- timo basi convexiore, antice breviter deflexo, constricto ; aperturd obliqud, angustd, sinuato-lunari ; peristomate breviter refleco, marginibus dente mediocri linguiformi junctis, basali dilatato, dentibus approximatis munito. Tue pustuLe Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, mi- nutely striated, reddish or pale horny ; spire scarcely raised; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last more convex at the base, shortly deflected and con- stricted in front; aperture oblique, narrow, sinuately lunar ; lip shortly reflected, margins joined by a mid- dling tongue-shaped tooth, basal margin dilated, fur- nished with two approximating teeth. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 50. f. 1. Hab. Texas. This appears to be the smallest of the North American species, distinguished by an oblong tongue-shaped tooth on the body-whorl. Species 722. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex reportna. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicata, depres- siusculd, fusco-corned, oblique striatd ; spird convexa ; anfractibus quinque, convezis, ultimo obtuse carinato; aperturd obliqud, angustd, dente linguiformi laminari in pariete aperturali intrante ; peristomate erecto, sub- effuso, margine columellari dilatato, basali dentibus duobus intus munito. Tue HARE Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, rather de- pressed, brown-horny, obliquely striated; spire con- vex ; whorls five, convex, the last obtusely keeled ; aperture oblique, narrow, with a laminar tongue- shaped tooth entering upon the wall of the aperture ; lip erect, effused, columellar margin dilated, basal furnished inwardly with two teeth. Gou.p, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1848, p. 39. Hab. Tennessee, North America. It has been much doubted whether this and the pre- ceding species are not varieties of the same; still the smaller shell has the larger umbilicus. Species 723. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix suppressa. Hel. testé infundibuliformi-umbili- cata, depresso-orbiculari, virescente-olivaced, vitred, subtiliter plicato-striata ; anfractibus septem ad octo, angustis, plano-convexis, ultimo basi subconcavo ; aper- turd lunari, lamind tenui internd munitd ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THe conceaLep Hexrx. Shell with a funnel-shaped umbilicus, depressly orbicular, greenish-olive, glassy, finely plicately-striated ; whorls seven to eight, nar- row, flatly convex, the last somewhat concave at the base ; aperture lunar, furnished with a thin internal lamina ; lip simple, acute. Say, Description of new terrestrial shells, p. 14; Binney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, vol. iii. p. 410. pl. 11. f. 8. Hab. Tennessee, North America. Dr. Pfeiffer quotes this species as a variety of H. gularis, but it is composed of more whorls, has a narrow deep fun- nel-shaped umbilicus, and the lamina of the aperture is more internal. Helix, Pl. CHEM. HELIX. Piate CXXII. Species 724. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix vineata. Hel. testd late umbilicaté, subdiscoided, tenui, pallide flavescente, striis concentricis conferlis lineatd ; spird brevissina ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, suturd impressa ; aperturd lunari, intus remote bidentatd ; peristomate simplici. THe LINEATED Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, sub- discoid, thin, pale yellow, lineated with close-set concentric lines; spire very short; whorls four to five, with the suture impressed; aperture lunar, re- motely two-toothed within ; lip simple. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. i. part 1. p- 18; part 2. p. 373. Hab. Philadelphia, Massachusetts, North America. Distinctly characterized by its spiral concentric lines. Species 725. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix puLcHetta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, subdepressa, albidd, nitidd, glabra ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, convewiusculis, ultimo antice dilatato, non deflexo ; apertura obliqud, subcirculari; peristomate reflexo, candidé sublabiato, marginibus approximatis. Tue prerry Herix. Shell umbilicated, somewhat de- pressed, whitish, shining, smooth; whorls three to four, rather convex, the last dilated in front, not de- flected; aperture oblique, nearly circular; lip re- flected, white-thickened inwardly, with the margins approximating. Muuter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 30. Helix paludosa, Walker. Helix minuta, Say. Helix erystallina, Dillwyn. Hab. Europe, Madeira, North America. A small white glassy Cyclostoma-like shell. Fig. 726. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, an authentic specimen of H. minuta, Say, can only be regarded as a variety of the preceding, if not synonymous with it. Species 727. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sTRIATELLA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato- convexiusculd, tenutssima, fusco-corned, confertim cos- tulatd ; anfractibus quatuor, viz conveziusculis, ultimo basi inflato, latiusculo; umbilico majusculo, percio ; apertura subcirculari; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus approximatis, THE FINELY stRIATED Herx. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, very thin, brown horny, closely finely ribbed; whorls four, rather convex, the last inflated and rather broad at the base; umbilicus rather large, open; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, sharp, with the margins approximating. AntHony, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iii. p- 278. pl. 3. f. 2. Hab. Ohio, Massachusetts, North America. Distinguished by its hollowed base, dark-brown colour, and characteristic ribbed sculpture. Species 728. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LABYRINTHICA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, conicéd, costulatd, saturate rufa, subtus pallidiore, levigaté, nitidd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converiusculis ; umbilico angusto, pervio; apertura vir obliqua, lu- nari; peristomate breviter reflexo, simplici; pariete aperturali dente majusculo lamelliformi intrante et lined elevaté interdum obsoletd prope columellam munito. THE LABYRINTHINE Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, conical, finely ribbed, dark red, paler smooth and shining beneath ; whorls five to six, rather convex ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture scarcely oblique, lunar; lip shortly reflected, simple; wall of the aperture fur- nished with a rather large entering lamelliform tooth, with a raised line, which is sometimes obsolete, near the columella. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. i. part 1. p- 124. Pennsylvania, North America. Hab. Missouri, Massachusetts, Texas, A small finely-ribbed shell, of conical growth, of a dark- brown colour, with sometimes a blood-red iridescent hue, having one sometimes two entering lamellar plaits on the body-whorl. Species 729. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx mMuttimpentata. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbicu- lata, depressd, nitiduld, corned, superne regulariter August, 1852. es HELIX.—Puare CXXII. striata, basi laevigata ; spird viz elevatd, obtusd ; an- fractibus sex, angustis, subplanulatis, ultimo superne subangulato, intus seriebus pluribus remotis dentium munito, dentibus in serie basi pellucente ; umbilico angustissimo, pervio ; aperturd depressd, lunari ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto. THE MANY-TOOTHED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cular, depressed, shining, horny, regularly striated at the upper part, smooth at the base; spire scarcely raised, obtuse; whorls six, narrow, rather flattened, the last slightly angled at the upper part, furnished within with several distant rows of teeth, five in a row on the transparent base; umbilicus very narrow, open; aperture depressed, lunar; lip simple, sharp. GouLp, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iii. p. 425. pl. 22. f. 5. Hab. Vermont, North America. The rows of teeth which characterize this species are in- ternal, and not seen at the aperture. Species 730. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix mpentata. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, depressa, pellucida, pallidé corned, nitidissimd, lineis radiantibus impressis regulariter distantibus notatd ; spird plani- usculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, celeriter ac- crescentibus, ultimo circa umbilicum punctiforme exca- vato; apertura depressd, ampla, lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero antrorsum arcuato. THE INDENTED Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, transparent, pale horny, very shining, marked with regularly distant impressed radiating lines ; spire rather flat ; whorls four to five, increasing rapidly, the last excavated around the puncture-like umbilicus ; aperture depressed, large, lunar; lip simple, sharp, upper margin curved forward. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 372. Hab. New Sersey, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, North America. A bright glassy shell, indented throughout with radi- ating ridges. Species 731. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix minuscuLa. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressi, tenui, pellucida, hyalind, nitidd, sub lente ruguloso-striatd ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo tereti, via latiore ; umbilico lato, pervio ; aper- turd subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tne LittLe Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, transparent, hyaline, shining, finely striated in a wrinkled manner beneath the lens; spire but little raised ; whorls four, rather flat, last whorl tapering, scarcely broader than the rest; umbilicus broad, open; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, sharp. Binney, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. vol. iii. p- 435. pl. 22. f. 4. Hab. Vermont, Ohio, North America. The smallest of the North American species. Species 732. (Mus. Cuming.) HE.ix Frutva. Hel. testa viz umbilicatd, turbinato-globosa, corned, minutissime striatuld, nitidd ; anfractibus sex, convexis, angustissimis, ultimo basi convexiusculo ; aper- turd depressd, lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, acuto. Tue FuLVous Hextx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, turbi- nately globose, horny, véry minutely striated, shining ; whorls six, convex, very narrow, the last rather con- vex at the base; aperture depressed, lunar; lip straight, simple, sharp. Mutter, Verm. terr. et fluv. Hist. vol. ii. p. 56. Helix trochiformis, Montagu. Helix trochulus, Dillwyn. Helix chersina, Say. Helix Mandralisci, Bivon. Helix Mortoni, Jeffreys. Hab. Europe, North America. A smooth transparent globular shell. Species 733. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ARBOREA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, niti- duld, striatuld, virente vel fulvescente cornea ; spird convexd, parum elatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo via depresso ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto. THE ARBOREAL Heurx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, shining, finely striated, greenish or fulvous horny ; spire convex, but little raised; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last slightly depressed ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture lunar-circular; lip simple, sharp. Say, American Encyclopedia, pl. 4. f. 4. Helix Ottonis, Pfeitter. IIab, Ohio, Massachusetts, North America. A bright olive glassy shell, extremely thin and trans- parent. bal ¥ =) ~<9 : 7 a . > - 7 , . ak, se ’ = + al e ¢ Ls i. i = al ” -— 7 wi fe 7 >= . - = ( > a - my ’ : ; , , + _ 7. : 7 a) , i > Helix, Pl. CALM HELIX. Pirate CXXIII. Species 734. (Mus. Benson.) Hewix oxytes. el. testd ampliter umbilicatd, depressd, lenticulari, ferrugineo-carned aut fulvescente, arcuatim tenué plicato-striald ; spird convexd, suturis non ex- cavatis ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planulatis, ultimo acute carinato; umbilico late perspectivo, anfractus usque ad apicem exhibente ; apertura subquadrato- lunari ; peristomate paululum reflexo. THE sHarp-EDGED Hexix. Shell largely umbilicated, depressed, lenticular, rusty flesh-colour or yellowish, arcuately finely plicately striated; spire convex, with the sutures not excavated; whorls five to six, rather flattened, the last sharply keeled; umbilicus broadly perspective, exhibiting the whorls as far as the apex ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip a little re- flected. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta, 1836. vol. v. p- 351. Hab. Bast Frontier of Bengal. A fine large sharply keeled species, remarkable for its large and deep perspective umbilicus. Species 735. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) Hewix tuyrevs. Hel. testa profunde umbilicatd, sinis- trali, olivaceo-corned, infra carinam pallidé fusco-fas- ciatd, solidiusculd, arcuatim sublilissimé striata ; spira parum convexd, apice obtusd; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo carinato, deinde rotundato ; aper- turd subquadrato-lunari ; peristomate paululum incras- sato, refleco, carneo, marginibus conniventibus. THe SHIELD Hexix. Shell deeply umbilicated, sinistral, olive-horny, faintly banded with brown beneath the keel, rather solid, areuately very finely striated ; spire but little convex, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, flattened, the last keeled, then rounded; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip a little thickened, di- lated, flesh-coloured, with the margins approximated. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. ix. Hab. Southern India; Jerdon. A rather solid reversed species, of a dull olive hue, faintly banded below the keel, with a deep, but not broad, um- bilicus. Species 736. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) HELIX aMPuLLA. Hel. testa imperforatd, oblique ovata, tenut, valde inflata, intense virente-olivaced, corned ; spird parvd, obtusd ; anfractibus tribus, primis duobus confertim plicato-costellatis, ultimo radiatim et divari- catim anguloso-striato et malleato, costellis evanidis ; apertura perampla ; peristomate tenui, marginibus ap- proximatis. Tue ruask Hexix. Shell imperforated, obliquely ovate, thin, very much inflated, dark greenish-olive, horny ; spire small, obtuse ; whorls three, the first two finely and closely plicately ribbed, the last radiately and divaricately striated and indented in a wrinkled man- ner, ribs faded away ; aperture very large; lip thin, margins approximated. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 213. Hab. Khoonda Pass, Nilgherries; Jerdon. This very interesting and distinct species has the ob- long-ovate inflated form of H. magnifica, with the texture and external sculpture of the South African H. Caffra, save that in the last whorl the riblets disappear and the surface is indented and cross-veined with broad superficial wrinkled strie. It is a remarkable species both as re- gards its specific and its typical character. Species 737. (Mus. Benson.) Heix cystis. Hel. testa subangust2 umbilicaté, sinistrali, sordide olivaced, apicem versus carneo-tincldé, arcuatim tenui-striatd ; spird converd, suboblusd ; anfractibus quingue, plano-convexis ; aperlurd lunato-circulari ; peristomate paululum reflexo, marginibus conniventibus. Tre BLADDER Hewrx. Shell somewhat narrowly um- bilicated, sinistral, dirty-olive, flesh-tinged towards the apex, arcuately finely striated; spire convex, rather obtuse; whorls five, flatly convex; aperture lunar-circular ; lip a little reflected, with the margins approximating. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. ix. Hab. Nilgherry Mountains ; Jerdon. A large reversed dirty-olive shell, flesh-tinged towards the apex, covered with a very thin darker olive epidermis. August, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CXXIII. Species 738. (Mus. Benson.) plicated next the suture, very finely decussated be- Hewrx oropra. Hel. testd minutd umbilicatd, orbiculari, neath the Tens with impressed spiral stria, fulvous- subdepressd, arcuatim striata, striis jucta suturam pli- horny: » encircled with 7 reddish-chestnut band at the catis, lineis impressis spiralibus sub lente subtilissime periphery, base greenish, beneath the lens very mi- decussatd, fulvo-olivaced, fascia rufescente-castaned ad nutely granulated ; whorls five, convex; aperture peripheriam cingulatd, basi virescente, sub lente minu-, lunar ; lip simple, callous-ringed within. tissimé granulatd; anfractibus quinque, convexis ; BENSON, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 158. apertura lunari; peristomate simplici, intus calloso- Hab. Darjeeling, Sikkim-Himalaya. annulato. Convex on both sides, with a very small but deep um- THE MOUNTAINEER Herx. Shell minutely umbilicated, | bilicus, characterized by minute sculpture beneath the lens. orbicular, slightly depressed, arcuately striated, striae Helix, Fl. CLYXTV. oo. @ ; 7 7 HELIX. Pirate CXXIV. Species 739. (Mus. Benson.) Herix acupucta. Tiel. testd minute umbilicatd, tenui, superné plano-depressd, subtus rotundatd, fulvescente- corned, arcuatim costellato-striatd, striis lineis spiralibus minutis impressis sub lente decussatd, basi leviore ; an- fractibus quingue, ultimo acutissimé carinato, supra et iufra carinam subconcavo-impresso ; apertura subqua- drato-lunari ; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine colu- mellari breviter revoluto. Tue scratcHep Hetix. Shell minutely umbilicated, thin, flatly depressed at the upper part, rounded beneath, fulvous-horny, arcuately rib-like striated, strie decussated beneath the lens with minute im- pressed lines, base smoother; whorls five, the last sharply keeled, slightly concavely impressed above and below the keel; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip thin, sharp, columellar margin shortly turned back. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 214. Hai. Tn woods on the summits of the Nilgherries ; Jerdon. A brittle transparent horny shell sharply keeled in the middle, of which the upper surface is comparatively flat, in part concave, throughout elaborately finely sculptured, and the under surface is rounded and smoother. Species 740. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) Hetix cotytrponis. Hel. testé imperforatd, subconoi- ded, tenui, levigatd, pellucido-corned, rufo-fuscd, fascia lata epidermidis hydrophane opaco-albe cingulata ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; apertura lunari, labro tenui, acuto. THe coryLepon Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subconoid, thin, smooth, transparent horny, red-brown, encircled with a broad opake-white band of hydrophanous epidermis; whorls five, convex; aperture lunar, lip thin, acute. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 216. Hab. Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope; Benson. A delicate red-brown transparent shell, distinguished by a band of opake-white hydrophanous epidermis, after the manner of the Philippine snails. Species 741. (Mus. Benson.) Hevix souuta. Hel. testd subobtect? umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, anticé suboblique productd, plicato-striatd, opaco-albd, cinereo-linctd, nigro-punctald, lined fusco- rufa cingulatd, apicem versus livido-purpurascente ; anfractibus quinque, plano-convexis ; apertura trans- verse lunari, fauce fusco-rufa, labro subsimplici, mar- gine columellari reflexiusculo, THE FRECKLED Hewrx. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, depressly orbicular, rather obliquely produced in front, plicately striated, opake white, ash-tinged, black-dotted, and encircled with a brown-red line, livid purple towards the apex; whorls five, flatly convex ; aperture transversely lunar, brown-red in the interior, lip nearly simple, columellar margin a little reflected. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 158. Hab. Nilgherries; Jerdon. Of a peculiar ash-tinted opake white, changing to livid purple towards the apex, promiscuously sprinkled through- out with black dots. Species 742. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) Hewix ciimactertca. Hel. testd imperforata, depresso- pyramidali, subtus tumidd, sordide albé ; spird gradata, apice elevatd ; anfractibus octo, superne arcuatim cre- berrimé costellato-striatis, deinde aculé angulato-ca- rinatis, ultimo basi convexro, medio excavato ; apertura transverse lunari, ad carinam subsinuata ; peristomate simplici, subincrassato. Tue starr Hevrx. Shell imperforated, depressly pyra- midal, swollen beneath, dirty-white; spire step-like, raised at the apex; whorls eight, very closely arcu- ately rib-like striated at the upper part, then sharply angularly keeled, last whorl convex at the base, ex- cavated in the middle; aperture transversely lunar, a little sinuated at the keel; lip simple, rather thick- ened. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta, 1836, vol.v.p.352. Hab. East Frontier of Bengal. A very peculiar species, in which each whorl drops one below the other throughout, so as to form on the spire 4 keel-bound stair, ascending step by step to the apex. August, 1852. HELIX.—Piate CXXIV. Species 743. (Mus. Benson.) Heuix pecussata. Hel. testé minute umbilicatd, depres- sa, subdiscoided, tenui, vivide corned, pellucidd ; an- fractibus sex ad seplem, supra planiusculis, levigatis, ad suturam marginatis et tenuiplicatis, ultimo obtuse cari- nato, subtus convexo, medio excavalo; apertura ob- liqué lunari ; peristomate simplict. Tue peEcussatep Hetrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, depressed, somewhat discoid, thin, bright horny, transparent ; whorls six to seven, rather flat at the upper part, smooth, margined and finely plicated at the suture, last whorl obtusely keeled, convex be- neath, excavated in the middle; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip simple. Nanina decussata, Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta, 1836, vol. v. p. 351. Hab. Past Frontier of Bengal. A bright pellucid golden-horny shell, with a horny coat- ing about the under part which is more or less deciduous. Species 744. (Mus. Benson.) HeELrIx cacuMINIFERA. Hel. testa vix umbilicatd, tenui, fusco-corned, pyramidali-Trochiformi ; spird concavo- elevatd, apice acutd ; anfractibus octo, superné plano- concavis, granulis spiraliter gemmatis, ultimo acutissime carinato, subtus convexo, polito; aperturd transverse lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, ad carinam subsi- nuato. THE STEEPLE-crowNED Hetix. Shell scarcely umbi- licated, thin, brown-horny, pyramidally Trochus- shaped; spire concavely raised, sharp at the apex ; whorls eight, flatly concave at the upper part, and spirally gemmed with granules, last whorl very sharply keeled, convex and polished beneath; aper- ture transversely lunar; lip simple, sharp, slightly sinuated at the keel. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 214. Hab. Summits of Nilgherry Mountains. This is a remarkable species, differing from all others in the development of a Trochus-like grain-pattern sculpture. Species 745. (Mus. Benson.) Hetx Trorrer1ana. Hel. testd imperforatd, subgloboso- turbinatd, inflata, tenuissima, hyalino-alba, epidermide tenui corned virescente indutd, apice carneo-rufa ; spird breviuscula ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, irre- gulariter plicato-striatis ; aperturd ampla; peristo- mate simplici, acuto, margine columellari breviter re- voluto. Trorrer’s Hetrx. Shell imperforated, somewhat glo- bosely turbinated, inflated, very thin, hyaline-white, covered with a thin horny greenish epidermis, flesh- red at the apex; spire rather short; whorls four, con- vex, irregularly plicately striated ; aperture large ; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin shortly turned back. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 161. Hab. Uitenhage, South Africa; R. Trotter. An inflated vesicular species, of hyaline substance, co- vered with a transparent greenish-horny epidermis, tinged with red at the apex. “ + NN 750.a 746 Hetix, Pl. CLRV. 750. 2 752.6 F. Reeve amp HELIX. Puate CXXV. Species 746. (Mus. Benson.) Hewix crinicera. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso- conoided, sordidé olivaced, hirsuté, presertim ad su- turas ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus sex ad septem, pla- natis, ultimo acute carinato, basi convexo, medio exca- vato; apertura transverse lunari; peristomate sim- plici, acuto. Tae marry Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly conoid, dirty-olive, hairy, especially at the sutures; spire obtuse; whorls six to seven, flattened, the last sharply keeled, convex at the base, excavated in the middle ; aperture transversely lunar ; lip simple, acute. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 214. Hab. Nilgherry Mountains; Jerdon. Characterized by a sprinkling of bristly hairs, protrud- ing chiefly from the sutures. Species 747. (Mus. Benson.) Hetrx crasstcostata. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, de- presso-pland, subtus rotundatd, opaco-lacted ; anfracti- bus quatuor, undique valde irregulariter plicato-costata, ultimo superné angulato-carinato ; apertura transverse ovata ; peristomate subreflero, marginibus fere junctis. THE THICK-RIBBED HeELIx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressly flattened, rounded beneath, opake cream- colour ; whorls four, very irregularly plicately ribbed throughout, the last angularly keeled at the upper part; aperture transversely ovate; lip a little re- flected, margins almost joined. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 159. Hab. Southern India; Jerdon. A peculiarly wrinkle-ribbed chalk-like shell, with a per- fectly level spire. Species 748. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx rvuainosa. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicata, de- pressd, opaco-lacted, fascid angusté rufa cingulata ; spirad subelevata ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, irre- gulariter plicato-costatis ; apertura transverse ovata ; peristomate subreflexo, marginibus fere junctis. THE WRINKLED Hettx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, depressed, opake cream-colour, encircled with a nar- row red band; spire somewhat raised; whorls four, convex, irregularly plicately ribbed; aperture trans- versely ovate; lip a little reflected, margins almost joined. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 71. f. 4. Hah. Southern India. The preceding species only differs from this in having the spire completely flatly depressed, and in having a larger umbilicus. The presence of a red band is a cha- racter of little importance. Species 749. (Mus. Benson.) HeELrx capitium. Hel. testd umbilicatd, Trochiformi, tenui, striatuld, rufescente-corned, opaco-albg lentigi- nosd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, supernd rotundatis, deinde subconcavis, ultimo acut2 carinato, basi plano- convexo ; apertura transcers? ovata ; peristomate tenni, margine columellari late dilatato, umbilicum fere te- gente. THE Top-KNoT Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, Trochus- shaped, thin, finely striated, reddish-horny, freckled with opake-white ; whorls five to six, rounded at the upper part, then slightly concave, last whorl sharply keeled, flatly convex at the base; aperture trans- versely ovate; lip thin, columellar margin broadly dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 160 Hah. Sicrigully, Province of Bahar, Northern India; Boys. A very characteristic white-freckled species, partaking of the characters of Bulimus. Species 750. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) HELIX TAPEINA. pressd, subdiscoided, lutescente ; anfractibus sex, cun- Hel. testé perampliter umbilicatd, de- veris, superficialiter plicato-striatd, ultimo carinato, subtus rotundato ; umbilico lat2 perspectivo, anfractus omnes exhibente ; aperturd lunato-cireulari ; peristo- mate vie reflexo, marginibus conniventibus. Tue LowLy Henix. pressed, somewhat discoid, yellowish; whorls six, convex, superficially plicately striated, last whorl keeled, rounded underneath; umbilicus broadly per- spective, exhibiting all the whorls; aperture lunar- Shell very largely umbilicated, de- August, 1 852. f HELIX.—Ptare CXXV. circular; lip slightly reflected, margins approxi- mating. Benson, Journ. Asiatic. Soc. of Calcutta, 1836, vol. v. p- 352. Had. East Frontier of Bengal. Mr. Benson describes this species as being covered with a very minutely wrinkled epidermis. Species 751. (Mus. Benson.) Hewtx cestus. Hel. testd angusté umbilicata, sudbco- noidea, creberrimé obligué plicato-striata, fuscescente, fascia angusta rufaé supra peripheriam cingulata ; an- fractibus quingue, plano-convexis, ultimo obtusé angu- lato ; apertura oblique ovatd ; peristomate tenui, re- flexo, margine columellari laté dilatato, umbilicum fere tegente. THe Grrpte Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, subco- noid, very closely obliquely plicately striated, brownish, encircled above the periphery with a narrow red band; whorls five, flatly convex, last whorl obtusely angled ; aperture obliquely ovate ; lip thin, reflected, columel- lar margin broadly dilated, almost covering the um- bilicus. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta, 1836, vol. v. p.353. Hab, Nilgherry Mountains; Jerdon. An authentic specimen of this species enables me to cor- rect an error, copied from Dr. Pfeiffer, in quoting it as a variety of H. similaris (P]. XXXIV. fig. 149). It is of a more angular obliquely convoluted form and altogether different. Species 752. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Benson.) HELIX ASPERELLA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, gra- nulis minutis undique exasperatd, sordidé alba, fasciis rufis varia cingulatd ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiuseulis, ullimo basi convexo, antic? parum descendente, juxta umbilicum mediocrem infundibubu- liformem subcompresso ; apertura obliqua, lata, subcir- culari; peristomate expanso, marginibus approximatis callo tenui junctis. Tue RouGHIsH Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, faintly roughened throughout with minute grains, dull white, variously encircled with red lines; spire but little raised; whorls four, rather flat, the last convex at the base, descending but little in front, compressed near the umbilicus, middling and funnel- shaped ; aperture oblique, broad, nearly circular ; lip expanded, margins approximating, joined by a thin callosity. PreIFFEk, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 78. Had. Bundelkhund, India; Benson. A prettily banded species, very minutely granulated throughout. Species 753. (Mus. Benson.) HELIX RADICICOLA. Hel. testd minuté umbilicatd, subglo- boso-conoided, pellucido-corned, tenué plicato-striata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, plano-converis, ultimo obsolete angulato ; aperturé orbiculari, subverticali ; peristomate tenui, reflexiusculo, margine columellari dilatato, umbilicum fere tegente. THE ROOT-DWELLING Hetrx. Shell minutely umbili- cated, somewhat globosely-conoid, transparent-horny, finely plicately striated; whorls four to five, flatly convex, the last obsoletely angled ; aperture orbicular, subvertical; lip thin, a little reflected, columellar margin dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, vol. ii. p. 161. Had. Landour, Western Himalaya (in ravines) ; Benson. A transparent yellowish-horny shell. Helix PL. CXEV1 > HELIX. Pirate CXXVI. Species 754. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Lessonr. Hel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, globulosd, minute striatula, solidula, nigricante-castaned, apicem versus pallidiore; spird obtusa; anfractibus ser, vir convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, anticé deflexo ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, intus lilaced ; peristomate undique expanso, albo, margine columellari superne perdilatato, umbilicum tegente. Lesson’s Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globular, minutely finely striated, rather solid, blackish-chestnut, paler towards the apex ; spire ob- tuse; whorls six, slightly convex, last whorl inflated, deflected in front; aperture lunar-rounded, lilac within ; lip expanded throughout, white, columellar margin very broadly dilated at the upper part, cover- ing the umbilicus. PFEIFFER, Symbolz, vol. iii. p. 71. Helix Rangii, Lesson (not of Férussac). Hab. Australia. A very dark chestnut shell, with a somewhat livid pur- plish hue. Species 755. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Grayt. Hel. testa obtecte umbilicatd, subglobosa, tenui, corned, fascia purpureo-rufa ad suturam et circa umbilicum ornata ; spird breviusculd, suturd impressa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis, minute granulatis, plicato-striatis, striis apicem versus costellatis, anfractu ultimo rotundata ; apertura lunari ; peristomate tenui, reflexiusculo, roseo-labiato, margine columellari purpu- reo-rufo, perdilatato, umbilicum fere tegente. Gray’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, sub- globose, thin, horny, ornamented on the suture and around the umbilicus with a purple-red band; spire rather short, with the suture impressed ; whorls five to six, convex, minutely granulated, plicately striated, strie towards the apex rib-like, last whorl rounded; aperture lunar; lip thin, pink-edged, slightly reflected, columellar margin very broadly di- lated, almost covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 68. Mon. Hel. viv. vol. i, p. 134. Hab, Eastern Australia. A globose yellowish horny shell, of rather solid growth, encircled next the suture and around the umbilicus with a dark purple-red band. Species 756. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Dunkrensts. Hel. testd profunde umbilicata, de- presso-globosd, supern2 rude plicato-striata et minute granulaté, subtus laviore, polita, sordide olivaced ; an- fractibus sex, converis ; apertura subcirculari ; peristo- mate tenui, expanso, parum reflero, marginihus conni- ventibus. Tue Dunk Istanp Hetrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, rudely plicately striated and mi- nutely granulated at the upper part, smooth and polished at the lower; whorls six, convex; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, expanded, but little re- flected, margins approximating. Forses, Moll. Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, Appen- dix, p. 378, pl. 2, f. 7, a, 4. Hab. Dunk Island, north-east coast of Australia. This is also an olive horny-like species, but of more solid growth than the preceding, the interior of the aper- ture being lined with a thin whitish callous layer. Species 757. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx rperator. el. testd oblect2 umbilicata, depressd, carinatd, oblique rugosé et striata, fuscd, ad carinam pallide fasciatd ; anfractibus quinqgue, planiusculis ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate vald? incras- sato, calloso, reflero, albo, intus dentibus seplem inequa- libus obtusis instructo, marginihus perdilatatis, callo junctis. Tus emperor Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressed, keeled, obliquely wrinkled and striated, brown, faintly banded at the keel ; whorls five, rather flat; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip very much thick- ened, callous, reflected, white, furnished within with seven obtuse unequal teeth, margins broadly dilated, joined by a callous layer. Polydontes imperator, De Montford, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. p. 155. pl. 39. Helix imperator, Férussac. Hab. Cuba. Of this extremely rare species, the specimen here figured, August, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXXVI. which is stripped of its epidermis, and not, therefore, brown, as described above, is the only one I have seen. Species 758. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Jervisensis. Hel. testa subobtecte umbilicata, glo- boso-depressd, solidiusculd, rufescente-fuscd, obscure fas- ciatd, subtus pallidé olivaced, circa umbilicum fused ; anfractibus sex, converis, obligué rude plicato-striatis ; apertura oblique lunari; peristomate subincrassato-re- flexo, margine columellari dilatato, umbilicum tegente. Tue Jervis Bay Hex. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, globosely depressed, rather solid, reddish- brown, obscurely banded, pale olive beneath, brown around the umbilicus; whorls six, convex, obliquely rudely plicately striated; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip somewhat thickly reflected, columellar margin di- lated, covering the umbilicus. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, vol. ii. pl. 10. f. 26-30. Hab. Servis Bay; Quoy and Gaimard. Brisbane Water (under logs in dry, stony, and scrubby ground) ; Macgillivray. Allied to H. Grayi, and somewhat similarly painted, but of much more solid obliquely compacted growth. Species 759. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix tenvuts. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, tenui, fused, rufo-conata, lineis obsoletis impressis concentricis notata, epidermide tenuissima sericind indutd ; spird obtusiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, celeriter acerescenti- bus, vir convexiusculis, ultimo mayno, inflato, ad colu- mellam obliquam subtortam eacavato ; apertura lunato- ovali ; peristomate recto, simplici, basi subincrassato. Tue THIN Hewrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, brown, red-zoned, marked with obsolete concentric impressed lines, covered with a very thin silken epi- dermis; spire rather obtuse; whorls five, increasing rapidly, but little convex, the last large, inflated, excavated at the columella, which is oblique and rather twisted; aperture lunar-oval; lip straight, simple, slightly thickened at the base. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 41. Hab. ? A very distinct and characteristic species, of which the habitat is not yet known. Species 760. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex prycHompHaLa. Tel. testéd ampliter umbilicata, subdepressd, superné creberrime ruguloso-striatd, striis conspicué elevatis, subtus laevigata, rufo-castaned, apice rosed, circa umbilicum lutescente ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexo-declivibus, ultimo anticé deflexo ; umbilico perspectivo, profundo, plicato-ruguloso ; aper- turd oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, marginihus conniventibus. THE PLICATED UMBILICUS Hexix. Shell largely umbili- cated, somewhat depressed, very closely rugulosely striated at the upper part, the strie being conspi- cuously raised, smooth underneath, reddish-chestnut, pink at the apex, yellowish around the umbilicus; whorls four to five, convexly slanting, the last de- flected in front ; umbilicus perspective, deep, plicately wrinkled ; aperture obliquely lunar; lip simple, with the margins approximating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Port Essington. Of a Cyclostoma-like form, with the whorls peculiarly slanting, not to say depressed, round the upper part, with a large wrinkle-lined umbilicus. 1, Helix, PU. CXXVIL 2”) @&. 762. 763 Species 761. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Ductosiana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-glo- bosd, tenui, pellucida, levigatd, vel arcuatim plicato- striata, albidd; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis ; umbilico parvo; aperturd subangustd, lunari-ellipticd, intus callo lato protuberante coarctatd; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari reflexo. Ductos’ Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, thin, transparent, smooth, or arcuately plicately stri- ated, white; whorls five, rather convex; umbilicus | small; aperture rather narrow, lunar-elliptic, con- tracted within by a broad swollen callosity ; lip sim- ple, sharp, columellar margin reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51 A. f. 6. Helix macrodon, Menke. Hab. New Holland. A semitransparent white shell, having a tooth-like cal- losity within the aperture, and no corresponding indenta- tion without. Species 762. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix convexa. Jel. testa vie umbilicatd, depressd, sub- discoided, fusco-corned, striata, lineis concentricis con- fertis minutissime reticulata ; spird vix elevatd, apice obtusata ; anfractibus sex, vie convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato ; suturd leviter impressd ; apertura lata, lunari; peristomate simplici, recto, intus callo albido late labiato, margine columellari vix reflexo. Tue convex Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, some- what discoid, brown-horny, striated, very minutely reticulated with close-set concentric lines; spire but little raised, blunted at the apex; whorls six, slightly convex, the last obsoletely angled; suture slightly im- pressed; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, straight, broadly banded within by a white callosity, columel- lar margin slightly reflected. Benson, Peiffer, Monog. Hel. viv. vol. i. p. 130. Nanina imonticola, Wutton. Hab. Mahassa, Himalaya; Hutton. Distinguished, like ZH. labiata, by a broad callous band within the lip. | I pl, Pirate CXXVII. Species 763. (Mus. Cuming.) | Henix strumosa. Hel. testa subprofund2 umbilicata, de- pressd, subpellucidd, oblique undique nitidé costellata, pallide olivaced, medio brunnescente, supra peripheriam pallidé fasciatd ; spire suturis impressis ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo, e labro subremote, scrobiculato ; aper- | turd ovatd, subhorizontali, marginibus carneis, conni- ventibus, columellari reflexo, intus oblongo-dentato. | Tue neck-prrrep Hexrx. Shell rather deeply umbili- cated, depressed, subtransparent, neatly obliquely finely ribbed throughout, pale olive, brownish in the middle, with a light band immediately above the periphery; sutures of the spire impressed; whorls five, the last pitted rather distantly from the lip; aperture oval, nearly horizontal, margins flesh-tinted, approximating, columellar margin reflected, oblong- toothed within. PreiFreR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. St. Domingo; Salle. A neatly finely ribbed shell, with a pit in the last whorl at some little distance from the aperture. Fig. 764. (Mus. Cuming.) A finer specimen of H. Vitrinoides than was represented at Pl. XXXIV. Fig. 151, from Landour, India. Fig. 765. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be identical with // | Campbelli, represented in Pl. LXAXXII. Sp. 438. Species 766. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Gabata. Tel. lestd late et profunde umbilicata, albido-corned, supra planulaté, infra valde convexd ; anfraclibus quatuor ad quinque, leviter striata, ultimo cariné castaned circumdato; aperturd subquadrato- ovaté ; peristomate late reflero, marginibus conniven- tibus. Tne pLatrer Hevix. Shell broadly and deeply umbili- cated, whitish-horny, flattened above, very convex beneath ; whorls four to five, lightly striated, last whorl surrounded by a chestnut keel; aperture some- October, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CXXVI. what squarely oval; lip broadly reflected, with the margins approximating. Govxp, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., vol. iv. p. 454. pl. 24. f. 9. Hab. Tavoy, Burmah. This species, which does not appear to have been known to Dr. Pfeiffer, is an extremely characteristic one, as well in form as in the chestnut-tinted keel with which it is en- circled. Fig. 767. (Mus. Cuming.) A characteristic variety of H. similaris, represented at Pl, XXXIV, Fig. 149. Species 768. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Poapra. Hel. testd obtecte umbilicata, depressa, sublus concavd, corned, valde pellucida ; anfractibus quingue, subobscuré plicato-sulcatis, ultimo obtus? cari- nato ; apertura lunari, subproducta ; peristomate sim- plici, subincrassato, margine columellari late dilatato. Tur Puz#pra Hextx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressed, hollowed beneath, horny, very transparent ; whorls five, somewhat obscurely plicately grooved, last whorl obtusely keeled ; aperture lunar, somewhat produced ; lip simple, slightly thickened, columellar margin broadly dilated. Prer1rrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. St. Domingo; Salle. A Vitrina-like species, of very transparent horny sub- stance. 2 Helix, P1. CXXVHL. HELIX. Piate CXXVIII. Species 769. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Driner. Hel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, fragili, superné confertim plicatuld, albidd, opa- cd, lineis pellucidis cingulata ; spird subplanulatéd ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quingue, via convexiusculis, ultimo latere subcompresso, basi levigato, inflato; apertura lunari ; peristomate expanso, intus subincrassato, mar- gine columellari breviter arcuato, dilatato, reflexo, ap- presso. Drine’s Herx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressed, thin, fragile, very closely finely plicated at the upper part, whitish, opake, encircled with trans- parent lines; spire rather flattened; whorls four to five, scarcely convex, the last a little compressed at the side, smooth and inflated at the base; aperture lunar ; lip simple, slightly thickened, columellar mar- gin shortly arched, dilated, reflected, appressed. Prerrrer, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 73. Hab. Torres Straits, Bast Australia (under decayed leaves); Dring. A delicate flatly globose opake-white species, encircled with pellucid bands and lines. The specimen here figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection is the only one at present known. Species 770. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX INFRENDENS. Hel. testdé imperforatd, orbiculatd, depresso-conoided, corneo-virescente, subcarinatd, supra rugoso-striatd, subtus glabra, nitidd, regione umbilicali excavatd ; anfractibus septem, convexiusculis ; sutura impressa ; apertura coarctatd, labro vix reflexo, calloso, margine basali sinuato, dentibus complanatis majoribus nonnullisque minoribus munito. THE TEETH-GNASHING Hetix. Shell imperforated, or- bicular, depressly conoid, horny-greenish, slightly keeled, roughly striated above, smooth beneath, shin- ing, region of the umbilicus excavated ; whorls seven, rather convex; suture impressed ; aperture contracted, lip slightly reflected, callous, basal margin sinuated, furnished with two larger smooth teeth and some smaller ones. GovLp, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., vol. iv. p. 453. pl. 24. f. 6. Hab. 'Tavoy, Burmah. A small species, having the lip much appressed upon | the body-whorl, and still further contracted by small teeth. Species 771. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx GLAUCA. noided, glaberrimd, nitidd, glaucescente-hyalind ; spird Hel. testé subumbilicata, orbiculato-co- elevatd, acutiusculd ; anfractibus sex, converiusculis, ultimo multo latiore, rotundato ; apertura subverticali, lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari vix dilatato, perforationem fere claudente. THe GLuaucous Herrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, or- bicularly conoid, very smooth, shining, pale glaucous hyaline ; spire raised, rather sharp ; whorls six, rather convex, the last much broader and rounder; aperture subyertical, lunar; lip simple, straight, columellar margin a little dilated, almost closing the umbilicus. Nanina glauca, Benson, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 65. Hab. Almorah, Bengal. A transparent azure straw-coloured shell, tinged with brown at the lip. Species 772. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Remea. Hel. testa obtecté umbilicata, globoso-de- pressd, soliduld, oblique striatuld, albidd, fascié unica castaned pluribusque lineis aurantiis ornatd ; spird sub- elewaté ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, converiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo subtus convexo, antice de- scendente ; apertura perobliqud, angusta, subtriangulato- lunari ; peristomate breviter expanso, intus albo-laliato, margine columellari strictiusculo, obsolete et obtuse wni- dentato. Tue Reinca HELIx. globosely depressed, solid, obliquely striated, whitish, ornamented with a chestnut band and numerous orange lines; spire rather elevated; whorls five to Shell with a covered umbilicus, six, rather convex, increasing by degrees, the last convex beneath, descending in front; aperture very oblique, narrow, somewhat triangularly lunar; lip shortly expanded, white-edged within, columellar margin rather drawn out, obsoletely and obtusely one-toothed. Gray (Mus. Cuming). Hab. New Zealand. Allied in general typical form to the H. Dringi from October, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXXVIIL. Eastern Australia, but of more solid structure richly banded. Species 773. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx supruGcata. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, pellucido-corned, arcuatim irregulariter rugaté ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo carinato ; apertura subtrigono-ovatd, labro simplici, acuto. THE FAINTLY-WRINKLED Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbi- licated, depressed, thin, transparent-horny, arcuately irregularly wrinkled; whorls six, flattened, the last keeled; aperture somewhat triangularly ovate, lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. A very thin, perfectly transparent, bright horny species. Species 774. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx i6nrrLua. Hel. testa subprofundée umbilicaté, depressiusculd, arcuatim striata, lineis spiralibus im- pressis sub lente minutissime decussald, sordidé fusca, flammis rufis e suturd oblique divergentibus ; anfracti- bus quingue, planulatis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; aper- turd subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. Tuer FrrE-FLowING Hexrx. Shell somewhat deeply umbilicated, rather depressed, areuately striated, very minutely decussated beneath the lens with spiral im- pressed lines, dull brown, with red flames diverging from the suture; whorls five, flattened, the last ob- tusely keeled; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, sharp, with the margins approximating. Helix lambda, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. New Zealand. The letters of the Greek alphabet cannot be recognized for specifie names ; first, because the use of them for that purpose is not in accordance with the established form of nomenclature, and, secondly, because they are frequently used to distinguish varieties. Species 775. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix pimorrna. Hel. testa vie umbilicatd, globoso-dis- coided, tenui, pellucido-fuscescente, maculis rufis varie- gata; spird planald; suturd impressd; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, subliliter costellato-striatis, ultimo tumido, basi medio concavo ; apertura verticaliter lu- nari; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine columellari reflexo-dilatato. Tue pimorrnous Herix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, globosely discoid, thin, transparent-brown, variegated with red spots; spire flattened; suture impressed ; whorls three to four, finely rib-like striated, the last swollen, concave at the base in the middle; aperture vertically lunar; lip thin, acute, columellar margin reflectedly dilated. 2 PreiFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Being flat at the spire and concave at the base, the shell is convoluted in a manner nearly discoid. Species 776. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix mpistincta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari, undique oblique confertim nitidé costellald, sordide oli- vaced ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo rotundato, sublus convexo-plano ; apertura circulari-ovali ; peri- stomate tenui, reflexo, marginibus conniventibus, colu- mellari incrassato, dilatato, intus dente oblongo in- structo. Tue InDIstinct Heurx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, obliquely closely neatly fine-ribbed throughout, dull olive; whorls four, convex, the last rounded, con- vexly flattened beneath; aperture circularly oval; lip thin, reflected, margins approximating, columellar margin thickened, dilated, furnished within with an oblong tooth. Frrussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 38. f. 1. Hab. Island of Haiti. A shell of rather solid growth, neatly obliquely rib-like striated throughout. Species 777. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BREVIPTLA. el. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depres- sa, pilis brevissimis rigidis quincuncialiter dispositis, haud nitidd, saturate brunned ; spird parum elevaté, obtusa ; anfractibus vie quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo rotundato, anticé subdeflexo, circa umbilicum angustum subcompresso ; apertura obliqud, rotundato-lunari, in- tus nitidd ; peristomate tenui, brunneo-carneo, breviter expanso, marginibus conniventibus, columellari subdila- tato-reflexo. sHort-HAIR Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, roughened with very short stiff hairs, dis- posed in rows of five, not shining, very dark brown ; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls scarcely five, rather convex, the last rounded, slightly deflected in front, a little compressed around the umbilicus, which is narrow ; aperture oblique, rotundately lunar, shin- ing within; lip thin, brown-flesh, shortly expanded, margins approximating, columellar margin somewhat dilately reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 130. Hab. Fast coast of New Holland; Dr. Stanger. THE Well distinguished by its rough covering of minute rigid hairs. ~ 7 = 3 a - : 7 7 i. _ > ’ 7 - ro 7 - . J > cS ; a a 7 - 7 > - - — - , i. 7 _— _ - = oa = 7 : 2 7 = 7 Om . a =) _ a : av, _—-_-; . = : - wo _ = a > a 7 =e = f .; a ve E+ tana — a - C668 FS a SS a ee : 7 > — a 7 ££ 7 -_ 7 = ' - a _ : é 7 os a i - Si al 7 cm Helix. Pl. CXXIX. HELIX. Piate CXXIX. Species 778. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Sorarium. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-pyra- midatd, subdepressd, acute carinatd, striatd, diaphand, fulod; spird brevi, conicd, apice obtusd ; anfractibus septem, exsertiusculis, planis, ultimo bast planulato, ad umbilicum pervium perspectivum angulato ; apertura depressa, securiformi ; peristomate simplict, acuto. Tue Sotartum Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly pyramidal, rather depressed, sharply keeled, striated, diaphanous, fulvous ; spire short, conical, obtuse at the apex; whorls seven, rather exserted, flat, the last flattened at the base, angled round the umbilicus, which is open and perspective; aperture depressed, hatched-shaped ; lip simple, sharp. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 131. pl. 11. f. 24-29. Hab. Port Carteret, New Ireland. Named after its resemblance in form to a Solarium. Species 779. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Licutroorr. Hel. testd angust? umbilicatd, sub- depressd, corneo-albd ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis ; aperturd lunato-circulari, labro sub- incrassato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, i umbilicum retrorso, margine basali subexpanso, unidentato. Licutroot’s Hetix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, some- what depressed, horny-white; spire slightly raised ; whorls six, rounded; aperture lunar-circular, lip slightly thickened, margins joined by a thin callosity, which turns back into the umbilicus, basal margin slightly expanded, one-toothed. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Banks of the Brisbane River, Australia; Strange. A small whitish horny shell, peculiarly characterized by the thin callosity which connects the margins of the aper- ture turning back into the umbilicus. Species 780. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Zetanpix. Tel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, tur- biniformi, pallide corned, pellucida, maculis rufis varie- gatd, minute striatuld ; spird convexd; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo carinato, convero ; umbilico profundo ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate sim- plici, acuto. Tue New Zearanpd Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, turbiniform, pale horny, transparent, variegated with red spots, minutely striated; spire convex ; whorls five, rather flattened, the last keeled, convex ; umbi- licus deep ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip simple, sharp. Gray, Dieffenbach’s Travels, vol. i. p. 247. Hab. New Zealand. A small horny shell, faintly variegated towards the apex with red-brown spots. Species 781. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX NUDA. tenuissimd, vitred, vivide olivaced, nitente ; anfractibus Hel. testa viv umbilicata, tumidiusculd, quingue, convexis ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristo- mate tenut, acuto. Tue NAKED Heuix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, rather swollen, very thin, glassy, bright shining olive; whorls five, convex ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip thin, sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Himalaya; Fortune. A delicate bright olive glassy Vitrina-like shell. Species 782. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix piectostoma. lel. testd sinistrali, umbilical, depresso-conoided, subtus tumidd, albidd, epidermide corned decidud indutd; spird exsertiuscula ; axfrac- tibus sex, supra planatis, radiatim plicatis, lineis ele- vatis confertis decussatis, ultimo superne angulcto, lineis paucis elevatis infra cingulum notato ; apertura lunari, dente triangulari parietis aperturalis obsoletiore ; umbilico subcylindraceo, percio ; peristomate albo, bre- viter angulatim reflezo, marginibus callo junctis, supero antrorsum arcuato-dilatato. Tue pLarr-MoutH Heix. Shell sinistral, umbilicated, depressly conoid, swollen beneath, whitish, covered with a deciduous horny epidermis; spire rather ex- serted ; whorls six, flattened above, radiately plicated, decussated with close-set raised lines, last whorl an- gled at the upper part, marked with a few raised lines below the angle ; aperture lunar, with a trian- gular tooth on the wall of the aperture, often more obsolete; umbilicus subeylindrical, open ; lip white, shortly angularly reflected, margins joined by a cal- losity, upper margin arcuately dilated forward. October, 1852. —— HELIX.—Prarte CXXIX. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Calcutta, vol. v. p. 351. Hab. North Bengal. A reversed rounded horny shell, with one or two more or less obsolete folds upon the body-whorl within the aperture. Species 783. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix wruLa. Hel. testa via umbilicatd, pyramidali-tur- binatd, tenuissimd, pellucido-corned, subtiliter striata ; anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-convexis, medio obso- let2 carinatis, ultimo basi plano-convexo ; apertura sub- verticali, lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tur TURBAN Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, pyra- midally turbinated, very thin, transparent-horny, finely striated; whorls six to seven, flatly convex, obsoletely keeled in the middle, last whorl flatly con- vex at the base; aperture nearly vertical, lunar; lip simple, acute. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, p. 160. Hab. Rajmahal Hills, Hindoostan. Of very transparent horny substance, with the whorls faintly keeled. Species 784. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx prurnosa. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, globosd, tenui, inflata, undique creberrime costellato-plicatd, ru- Sescente-fusca, medio pallide fasciatd, non nitente ; spird parva, depressi ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo multo maximo; apertura ampld ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THe raGGED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, globose, thin, inflated, very closely rib-like plicated, reddish-brown, faintly banded in the middle, not shining; spire small, depressed ; suture impressed ; whorls three to four, the last much the largest; aperture large; lip simple, acute. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. St. Domingo; Salle. A peculiarly formed inflated dull red-brown shell, very closely rib-like striated throughout. Species 785. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix acuminata. Hel. testé imperforatd, acuminato- globosd, solidiusculd, oblique productd, opaco-alba, lineis saturatioribus sub lente obscuré cingulata ; an- Sractibus quatuor, ultimo antic? descendente ; apertura oblique ovatd ; peristomate effuso, vix reflero, fauce pallide fuscescente. THe acumiInaTeD Henrx. Shell imperforated, acumi- nately globose, rather solid, obliquely produced, opake-white, obscurely encircled beneath the lens with faint darker lines; whorls four, the last de- seending in front; aperture obliquely ovate; lip effused, scarcely reflected, interior light brown. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1851, p. 16. Hab. St. Domingo; Sallé. A rather solid oblique-globose shell, partaking some- what of the typical form of Helicina. Species 786. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Hurroni. Hel. testa umbilicatad, orbiculato-con- vexiusculd, subdiaphand, pallidé corned, epidermide scabra indutd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo angulato, antic? via descendente ; umbilico latiusculo, perspectivo ; apertura obliqud, lunato-rotundata ; peri- stomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus, dextro recto, basali breviter reflexo, columellari subdilatato. Hurron’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, subdiaphanous, pale horny, covered with a rough epidermis; whorls six, rather convex, last whorl an- gled, a little descending in front ; umbilicus rather broad, perspective ; aperture oblique, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, margins approximating, right margin straight, basal margin shortly reflected, columellar margin rather dilated. Prerrrer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 82. Helix orbicula, Mutton (not of D’Orbigny). Hab. Himalaya. A horny species, with an open Solarium-like umbilicus. nal : d “}e - ‘et . ee - 7 “AM? = _ - — - 7 : 7 - e 2 _ a - _ 7 -— Os 7 ez - ° w _ 7 oe 2 _ 7 : 7 7 = =. - 7 ; =) 7 = > _ _ 7 - a - - 7 : a 7 7 . - , : 7 . : > 7 -_ 7 : a _ a a a +) 7 7 7 7 7 ean 7 7 - at) : ; : - . ary @ , @ = ’ - - —_ - ° - = 7971. 796. Helix, [1. CXXX. Species 787. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix nyrororea. Hel. testi umbilicatd, depressd, un- dique creberrime plicato-striatd, olivaced ; spird con- vead, suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo basi rotundato ; aperturd lunato-circulari ; pe- ristomate tenui, acuto. THE UNDER-TURNED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, very closely plicately striated throughout, olive; spire convex, suture impressed; whorls five, convex, the last rounded at the base; aperture lunar- circular ; lip thin, sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand ; Strange. A small horny shell, with the whorls somewhat rounded and finely plicated. Species 788. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Jerrreystana. Jel. testa latissime umbilicatd, de- pressd, subdiscoided, impresso-striata, pellucido-corned, nitente ; spird planata, suturd impressd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo rotundato ; apertura circu- lari, marginibus conniventibus. Jerrrey’s Herix. Shell very broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, somewhat discoid, impressly striated, trans- parent horny, shining ; spire flattened, with the suture impressed ; whorls three to four, last whorl rounded ; aperture circular, margins approximating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. ——? Of a thin shining horny substance, with the whorls con- voluted after the manner of a Planorbis. Species 789. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Ine. Hel. testa subampliter umbilicatd, depressé, pellucida, intense castaneo subremote radiata, liris mem- branaceis pilosis undique decussatd ; spird impressda, subconcava ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo tumidiusculo ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue Ine Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, de- pressed, transparent, somewhat distantly rayed with dark chestnut, decussated throughout with hairy mem- branaceous ridges ; spire impressed, somewhat con- HELIX. Prate CXXX. cave; whorls five, the last rather swollen ; aperture lunar ; lip simple, acute. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 166. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Greenwood. An extremely characteristic species, peculiar in form, | sculpture, and marking. Species 790. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix puLocorpnora. el. testé subumbilicata, depres- siusculd, tenuissimd, striatuld, pellucida, nitida, fuleo- luted, flammulis angulatis et serrulatis rufis confertis pictd ; spird parum elevatd, apice subpapillalé; an- Sractibus tribus ad quatuor, concexis, rapid? accrescen- tibus, ultimo depresso, basi planiusculo ; apertura per- obliqud, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari subreflexo. THE FLAME-BEARING Hextx. Shell slightly umbilicated, rather depressed, very thin, finely striated, transpa- rent, shining, fulvous-yellow, painted with close-set angled and serrulated flames; spire but little raised, somewhat papillated at the apex; whorls three to four, convex, increasing rapidly, the last depressed, rather flattened at the base; aperture very oblique, rotundately lunar; lip simple, straight, columellar margin slightly reflected. PreiFFEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1549, p. 127. Helix multilinbata ? Hombron and Jacquinot. Hab. New Zealand. A light delicate horny shell, brightly painted with close- set brown stripes. Species 791. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx compressivoLuta. Hel. testé angusté umbilicata, depress, subtus concava, tenue plicato-striaté, pelluci- do-corned ; anfractibus quatuor, angustis, superne de- clivibus ; apertura lunari-elliptico ; peristomate lenui, margine columellari tenuissimo, late dilatalo, umbili- cum fere occultante. THE COMPRESSLY-WHORLED HELIX. bilicated, depressed, coneave underneath, thinly pli- cately striated, transparent horny; whorls four, nar- row, slanting at the upper part; aperture lunar-el- liptic; lip thin, columellar margin very thin, broadly dilated, almost covering the umbilicus. Shell narrowly um- October, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXXX. Helix omega, Pfeiffer. Hab. New Zealand. The whorls of this species slant towards the periphery at the upper part, and at the lower are concavely com- pressed. Species 792. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix opnuBiLa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, in- tense fusca, sulcis impressis spiralibus striisque obliquis undique decussatd ; spird depressd, sutura distinctd ; anfractibus quinque, plano-concexis, ultimo rotundato ; aperturd lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue pusky Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, dusky brown, decussated with impressed spiral grooves and oblique strie; spire depressed, suture distinct ; whorls five, flatly convex, the last rounded ; aperture lunar ; lip simple, sharp. Helix sigma, Pfeiffer. Hab. New Zealand. Of a peculiarly dark dusky-brown colour, decussated with oblique strize and distinct spiral grooves. Species 793. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix pyxis. Jel. testa imperforatd, pyramidali-globosd, diaphand, soliduld, pellucido-albd, nitente ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, subrotundatis, carind angustd acuta medio cingulatis ; aperturd horizontali, subcircu- lari ; peristomate acuto, reflexo. Tue Box Hetrx. Shell imperforated, pyramidally glo- bose, diaphanous, rather solid, transparent white, shining; whorls four to five, somewhat rounded, en- circled round the middle with a sharp narrow keel ; aperture horizontal, nearly circular; lip sharp, re- flected. Hinps, Zool. Voy. Sulphur, Moll. p. 55. pl. 19. f. 10. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, of rather solid growth, but yet of delicate transparent white substance, encircled by a narrow sharp keel-like ridge. Species 794. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Kivi. Hel. testd imperforatd, turbinatd, albd, tenui, oblique confertim striatd, strigis brevibus irregu- laribus obliquis purpureo-brunneis ornald ; spird sub- conicd, oblusd; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato, basi convexo, levigato ; apertura latd, lu- | THE UNDECKED HeEtrx. nari ; peristomate simplici, reflexo, margine columellari reflexiusculo, Tue Kivi Herix. Shell imperforated, turbinated, white, thin, obliquely closely striated, ornamented with short, irregular, oblique, purple-brown stripes; spire sub- conical, obtuse; whorls six, rather flat, the last rounded, convex and smooth at the base; aperture broad, lunar; lip simple, straight, columellar margin slightly reflected. Gray, Dieffenbach’s Travels, vol. i. p. 262. Hab. New Zealand. The brown stripes which distinguish this species are broad, short, and rather distant, not seen from the under- side of the shell. Species 795. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx mpexa. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, convexo-de- pressd, pellucido-corned, tenui, nitente ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, superné declivibus ; apertura transverse lunari; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine columellari tenué dilatato. Shell searcely umbilicated, con- vexly depressed, transparent horny, thin, shining; spire obtuse; whorls four to five, slanting at the upper part; aperture transversely lunar; lip thin, sharp, columellar margin thinly dilated. Helix inconspicua, Forbes (not of Benson), Voy. Rattle- snake, App. p. 372. pl. 2. f. 3. Hab. Islet in Trinity Bay, Australia; Macgillivray. Of very simple character, without sculpture or marking. Species 796. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx coma. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, depressd, pallidé Suscd ; spira planulatd ; anfractibus quinque, convezis, oblique et confertim acute elevato-lineatis, fusco-striatis ; umbilico conico, perspectivo ; apertura perobliqua, ro- tundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui. Tue warm Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, light brown; spire flattened; whorls five, convex, obliquely and closely, sharply, elevately lineated, brown-striated ; umbilicus conical, perspective ; aper- ture very oblique, rotundately lunar; lip simple, thin, Zonites coma, Gray, Dieffenbach’s Travels, vol. i. p. 263. Hab. New Zealand. The whole spire of this shell is conspicuous, blotched and rayed with chestnut-red. Hi Lise Fl. CXXAT. HELIX. Pirate CXXXI. Species 797. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Cutron. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, oliva- ceo-viridi, pellucido-vitred, nitente ; spird plano-con- cavi, suturé impressd ; anfractibus tribus, convexis, sub lente superné arcuatim plicato-liratis ; lunato-circulari. Tue Curron Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, olive- green, transparent glassy, shining; spire flatly con- cave, with the suture impressed; whorls three, con- vex, arcuately plicately ridged at the upper part be- neath the lens; aperture lunar-circular. Zonites Chiron, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 166. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand ; Greenwood. Of very transparent dark olive-green glassy substance. Species 798. (Mus. Cuming.) Hettx Ecesta. Hel. testd laté umbilicata, depressé, in- tense fuscd ; spiré planata ; anfractibus quinque, ro- tundatis, sulcis spiralibus lirisque obliquis decussatis, anfractu ultimo peculiariter descendente ; apertura lu- nato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue Ecrsta Hexix. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, dark brown; spire flattened; whorls five, rounded, decussated with spiral grooves and oblique ridges, last whorl peculiarly descending; aperture lunar-cireular ; lip simple, acute. =a Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 166. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Dr. Sinclair. Distinguished by a peculiar distorted appearance, from the dropping of the last whorl. Species 799. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Cevinpe. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, subdepresso- conicd, fusca, oblique tenuissime costellato-striald ; an- fractibus quinque, rotundatis ; apertura lunari ; peri- stomate tenui, margine columellari subreflexo-dilatato. Tue Cevinpe Herrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, some- what depressly conical, brown, obliquely very finely rib-like striated; whorls five, rounded; aperture lu- nar; lip thin, columellar margin somewhat reflectedly dilated. Nanina Celinde, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 164. Hab, Auckland, New Zealand. apertura The umbilicus, which is extremely small, is nearly con- cealed by a thinly reflected dilation of the columellar margin. Fig. 800. (Mus. Cuming.) This proves to be a variety in fine condition of Z/. coma figured in the preceding plate. Species 801. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Hevenensis. Hel. (esta latissime umbilicatd, plano-discoided, sordidé fuscd, rufo-variegalé ; spire sutura distincta ; anfractibus septem, rotundatis, lon- gitudinaliter creberrimé costellato-strialis ; aperturé lunato-circulari, parca, lamellis duabus angustis in pariete aperturali, plurimis minoribus opposilis. Tue St. Hevena Hexrx. Shell very broadly umbili- cated, flatly discoid, dirty brown, variegated with red; suture of the spire distinct; whorls seven, rounded, longitudinally very closely rib-like striated ; aperture lunar-circular, small, with two narrow la- melle on the body-whorl, and several smaller ones opposite. Forses, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851. Hab. St. Helena. A pretty variegated shell, of nearly discoid growth, having the aperture crowded with small lamella. Species 802. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx ancuicuius. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressd, sub- discoided, fuscescente, strigis rufis subremotis ornata ; spire suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, rotun- datis, longitudinaliter tenuissimé costellato-striatis ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, marginibus conniventibus, THE LITTLE SNAKE Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, nearly discoid, light brown, ornamented with rather distant red streaks; suture of the spire impressed ; whorls five, rounded, longitudinally very finely rib- like striated ; aperture nearly circular; lip thin, with the margins approximating. Helix theta, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1851. Hab. New Zealand. October, 1852. HELIX.—Priatre CXXXI. Less widely convoluted than the preceding species, and without lamella in the aperture. Species 803. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrix austratis. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- vera, glabra, obsolete striata, albidd, maculis radian- tibus fasciisque interruptis obsoletis cinereis pictd ; anfractibus quingue, rapide accrescentibus ; umbilico angusto, aperto; apertura lunari-rotundata, fauce ferrugined ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari reflexo-dilatato. THE sourHERN Hetix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, smooth, obsoletely striated, whitish, painted with ash-coloured radiating spots and interrupted bands ; whorls five, rapidly increasing ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture lunar-rounded, interior rust- coloured; lip simple, columellar margin reflectedly dilated. Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 6. Hab. Swan River, New Holland. A small striped species of European aspect. Species 804. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevtx Martz. Hel. testd angusté obtecte umbilicata, perdepresso-conica, fumeo-fuscd, acute carinatd, supra corrugata, infra superficialiter granulatd ; anfractibus quinque, planatis; apertura trigono-ovatd; peristomate simplici, margine columellari tenué dilatato. Maria’s Hetrx. Shell with a narrow covered umbilicus, very depressly conical, smoky-brown, sharply keeled, wrinkled above, superficially granuled below ; whorls five, flattened; aperture triangularly ovate; lip sim- ple, columellar margin thinly dilated. Nanina Maria, Gray, Fauna of New Zealand, p. 262. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Greenwood. A finely keeled species, of dingy brown colour, finely reticularly granularly sculptured above and below, the upper sculptures being disposed in arched wrinkles. Species 805. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CREBRIFLAMMEA. Hel. testé subampliter umbili- caté, depresso-turbinatd, pellucido-lutescente, flammis rubidis undique creberrimé pictd ; spird pared, suturé impressd ; anfractibus tribus, levigatis, juxta suluram tenuiplicatis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura subtransversd ovatd ; peristomate simplici. THE CLOSE-FLAMED He.ix. Shell somewhat largely umbilicated, depressly turbinated, transparent yellow, very closely painted throughout with red flames ; spire small, with the suture impressed ; whorls three, smooth, finely plicated next the suture, last whorl rounded ; aperture somewhat transversely ovate ; lip simple. PreIFFeER, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. A conspicuously striped shell, of trausparent horny sub- stance. Species 806. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Portia. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicaté, con- vexo-depressa, fuscd, strigis rufis angulatis subremotis ornatd ; spire suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis, undique creberrimé costellato-striatis; aper- turd lunato-circulari; peristomate simplici, subexpanso. Tue Portia Hex. Shell rather largely ‘umbilicated, convexly depressed, brown, ornamented with rather remote red angled streaks ; suture of the spire im- pressed; whorls five, rounded, very closely rib-like striated ; aperture lunar-cireular; lip simple, a little expanded. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 165. Hal. Auckland, New Zealand ; Dr. Sinclair. Of a dull brown, streaked at rather wide intervals with red, and sculptured throughout with fine ring-like raised striae. Helix, Pl. CXXXIL HELIX. Pirate CXXXII. Species 807. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Coresia. pellucido-corned, olivaced; spird parva; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, tenué costellato-striatis, ultimo ro- tundato; apertura subampld, circulari; peristomate subexpanso. Tue Coresta Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, rather de- pressed, transparent horny, olive; spire small ; whorls three to four, finely rib-like striated, the last rounded; aperture rather large, circular; lip a little expanded. Zonites Coresia, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 166. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Greenwood. A very delicate subtransparent shell, composed of horny epidermal substance. Species 808. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx irecta. Hel. testa ampliter umbilicatd, con- vexo-depressd, fuscescente, maculis rufis grandibus qua- | dratis ornatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, tenue costellato-striatis, ultimo rotundato ; aperturd parvé, lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici. Tue TarnteD Hexrx. Shell largely umbilicated, con- vexly depressed, light brown, ornamented with large red square spots; whorls four to five, finely rib-like striated, last whorl rounded; aperture small, lunar- circular ; lip simple. Helix zeta, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Well characterized at the upper part by its tessellated painting of large square red blotches. Species 809. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix pruuLa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subglobosd, tumidi- usculd, fuscescente, rufo tenué lentiginosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis, creberrime costellato- striatis ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici. Tur prt, Herrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat globose, rather swollen, light brown, finely freckled with red ; whorls four to five, convex, very closely rib-like stri- ated ; aperture lunar; lip simple. Helix iota, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. | Of the same typical character as the preceding species, Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressiuscula, | but globosely rounded, and more closely striated. Species 810. (Mus. Cuming.) HELix Brconcava. Hel. testd latissim2 umbilicatd, an- guste discoided, fuscescente, rufo strigatd et variegatd ; spird concavo-impressd ; anfractibus quinque, creber- rimé tenuissime costellato-striatis ; apertura lunato- circulari ; peristomate simplici. THE Biconcave Hewtx. Shell very broadly umbili- cated, narrowly discoid, light brown, streaked and variegated with red; spire concavely impressed ; whorls five, very closely and finely rib-like striated ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Convoluted on a discoid plane, concave both on the upper and under surface. Species 511. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX COLLYRULA. Hel. lestd umbilicatd, supra planatd, infra conxexd, fuscescente, rufo maculata et lentiginosd ; anfractibus quatuor, superné obtuse angulatis, creber- rimé et tenuissime costellato-striatis ; aperturd lunari ; peristomate simplict. THE LITTLE CAKE Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, flattened above, convex beneath, light brown, blotched and freckled with red; whorls four, obtusely angled at the upper part, very closely and finely rib-like stri- ated; aperture lunar; lip simple. Helix kappa, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. This and the two preceding species, though differing so materially in their plan of convolution, belong to the same peculiar type of which so many different forms have been collected in New Zealand. Species $12. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SERICATULA, coided, subliliter et confertim costellato-striatad, subse- Hel. testd umbilicata, depressa, dis- ricd, griseo-corned, lineis brunneis irregularibus radi- ala; spird plana; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo subrotundato, jurta umbilicum October, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CXXXII. subimpresso ; apertura subverticali, laté lunari ; peri- stomate simplici, recto, obtusiusculo, margine basali declivi, superne refleco, umbilicum fere occultante. Tur sttky Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, discoid, finely and closely rib-like striated, somewhat silky, greyish-horny, rayed with irregular brown lines; spire flat; whorls four to five, convex, the last some- what rounded, slightly impressed near the umbili- cus; aperture subvertical, broadly lunar ; lip simple, straight, rather obtuse, basal margin slanting, re- flected at the upper part, almost concealing the um- bilicus. PrerrFreR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 127. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia; Strange. Allied in general character to the small New Zealand type of the genus. Species 813. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix strputata. Tel. testd subpyramidali-conicd, ob- lique costellato-striatd, striis subremotis, fuscescente, ob- scure maculata, epidermide induta@; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo basi angulato ; aperturd parvd, sub- trigono-ovata ; peristomate simplici, jucta umbilicum subexpanso. Tue tHatcHED Hetrx. Shell somewhat pyramidally conical, obliquely rib-like striated, striae rather dis- tant, light brown, obscurely spotted, covered with an epidermis ; whorls six, flattened, last whorl angled at the base; aperture small, somewhat triangularly ovate; lip simple, a little expanded next the colu- mella. Helia alpha, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Distinguished from its numerous allies by its pyramid-— like conical form. Species 814. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix BarBatuLa. Hel. testd subanguste umbilicatd, pyranidali-conicd, oblique arcuatim costellato-striatd, Suscescente, maculis rufis subquadratis tessellatd, sub- pilosé ; anfractibus sex, planatis, ultimo basi angulato ; apertura parva, subtrigono-ovatd ; peristomate simplici. THE FINELY BEARDED Hextx. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, pyramidally conical, obliquely arcuately rib-like striated, light brown, tessellated with some- what square red spots, a little hairy; whorls six, flattened, last whorl angled at the base; aperture small, somewhat triangularly ovate ; lip simple. Helix beta, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. This approaches very closely to the preceding species, but it is more narrowly pyramidal and more sharply an- gled at the base. Species 815. (Mus, Cuming.) Hewix pe@civosticra. Hel. testd obtecté umbilicata, py- ramidali-conica, oblique tenuissimée et creberrime ele- vato-striald, sericeo-fuscescente, carind angustd promi- nente rufo-punctatd ad basin anfractuum cingulata ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo angulato ; apertura transverse ovata ; peristomate simplici, prope columel- lam dilatato-reflexo. THe vari-potreD Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, pyramidally conical, obliquely very finely and closely elevately striated, light silky-brown, encircled round the base of the whorls with a prominent nar- row red-dotted keel; whorls six, flattened, the last angled; aperture transversely ovate; lip simple, di- lately reflected. PrrIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Neatly characterized by the narrow red-dotted necklace- like keel. Species 816. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Barraxrorensis. Hel. testa vix umbilicatd, py- ramidali-conica, tenuissimda, levigatd, pellucido-corned ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ad basin tenuicarinatis ; apertura subtrigono-ovata ; peristomate simplici, juxta columellam dilatato-reflexo. Tue Barrakrore Heiix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, pyramidally conical, very thin, smooth, transparent- horny; whorls six, flattened, thinly keeled at the base; aperture somewhat triangularly ovate; lip simple, dilately reflected next the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Barrakpore, India; Bacon. A simple bright horny conical shell, finely keeled. 82h ) Lelaa. Pl, CXXXI N74 Species 817. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Ericone. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, pyrami- dali-conicd, apice obtusa, pellucido-corned, fusco macu- laté ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, subtilissimé corrugato-striatis, ultimo basi angulato et carinato; aperturd subtrigono-ovatd; peristomate tenui, jucta columellam dilatato-reflexo. Tue Ertcone Hewix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, py- ramidally conical, obtuse at the apex, transparent horny, spotted with brown; whorls four to five, rather convex, very finely wrinkled-striated, the last angled and keeled at the base; aperture somewhat triangularly ovate; lip thin, dilately reflected next the columella. Nanina Prigone, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 165. Had. Auckland, New Zealand; Greenwood. The smallest species of the genus at present known. Species 818. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CAPUT-SPINULE. Hel. testa umbilicatd, turbinatd, pellucido-corned, levigatd ; anfractibus tribus ad qua- tuor, rotundatis; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate subexpanso. THE PIN’s-HEAD Hextx. Shell umbilicated, turbinated, transparent horny, smooth; whorls three to four, rounded; aperture nearly circular; lip a little ex- panded. Helix epsilon, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. A very minute horny species, turbinated somewhat after the manner of a Cyclostoma. Species 819. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix sBuLtuLta. Hel. testa obtecte umbilicatd, sub- globosd, tenui, pellucido-stramined ; anfractibus sex, angustis, convexis, ultimo basi tumidiusculo ; apertura lunari; peristomate simplici, margine columellari dila- tato-reflexo. THE LITTLE BUBBLE Hexix. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, somewhat globose, thin, transparent straw- colour; whorls six, narrow, convex, last whorl rather swollen at the base; aperture lunar; lip simple, co- lumellar margin dilately reflected. HELIX. Prate CXXXIII. Hvrron, Journ. Asiatie Society of Caleutta, vol. vii. part 1. p- 218. Hab. Landour, India. A subtransparent straw-coloured globular shell, com- posed of several narrow whorls. Species 820. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Lermonras. Hel. testd subobtectd umbilicata, py- ramidali-conicd, pellucido-corned, tenuissimd ; anfrac- tibus seplem, planatis, levigatis, nitentibus, ultimo me- dio spiraliter sulcato ; apertura trigono-ovatd, trila- mellata, lamellis angustis, acutis, und in pariele aper- turali, duabus oppositis ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari dilatato-reflexo. Tue Leimontas Hewrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, pyramidally conical, transparent horny, very thin; whorls seven, flat, smooth, shining, last whorl spirally grooved in the middle; aperture tri- angularly ovate, three-lamellated, Jamelle narrow, sharp, one on the wall of the aperture, two opposite to it; lip simple, columellar margin dilately reflected. Bulimus ? (Laoma) Leimonias, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soe, 1349, p- 167. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Greenwood. This is certainly not the young of a Pupa, as Mr. Gray intimates it may be, but a well-defined mature species. Species 821. (Mus. Cuming.) FELIX BucCINELLA. Hel. testd subampliter wnbilicata, discoided, fuscescente, strigis rufis subdistantibus ob- lique pictd ; spird planulatd, suturd impressd ; anfrac- tibus quingue, convexis; aperturd suboblongo-ovata ; peristomate simplici, subexpanso. Tue uittLte TRUMPET Hexix. Shell rather largely um- bilicated, discoid, brown, obliquely painted with rather distant red streaks; spire flattened, with the suture impressed ; whorls five, convex ; aperture sub- oblong-ovate ; lip simple, a little expanded. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Of open discoid growth, painted with rather distant oblique streaks. October, 1851. HELIX.—Prate CXXXILL. Species 822. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix GuaBriuscuLa. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, coni- co-depressi, pellucido-corned, strigis castaneis angustis medio flecuosis ornald ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ullino obtuse angulato ; aperturd transverse ovatd ; peristomate simplici. Tue smooru Heurx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, coni- cally depressed, transparent horny, ornamented with narrow chestnut streaks, flexuous in the middle; whorls five, convex, the last obtusely angled; aper- ture transversely ovate ; lip simple. PreirreRr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. A shining transparent horny shell, prettily marked with fine flexuous red lines. Species 823. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Fastie1ata. el. testd vie umbilicatd, albido- corned, pyramidali, minutissimé granuiatd ; anfracti- bus septem, convexiusculis, ultimo acute angulato, basi plano-convexo ; apertura transverse ovatd ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari reflexo. Tur pyraMiIpAL Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, white-horny, pyramidal, very minutely granulated; whorls seven, rather convex, the last sharply angled, flatly convex ; aperture transversely ovate; lip sim- ple, columellar margin reflected. Hurron, Journ. Asiatic Society of Calcutta, vol. vii. part 1. p- 217. Hab. Simla, Himalaya. Of very simple character, the granules being almost obsolete. Species 824. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix varrcosa. Hel. testéd umbilicaté, subdepressi, apice acutd, fuscescente, rufo-maculatd ; anfractibus quingue, superne subplanatis, deinde convewis, costis subdistantibus undique ornatis ; apertura lunato-circu- lari ; peristomate simplici, subexpanso. THe varicose Hettx. Shell umbilicated, subdepressed, sharp at the apex, brownish, spotted with red ; whorls five, rather flattened at the upper part, then convex, ornamented throughout with rather distant ribs; aper- ture lunar-circular ; lip simple, a little expanded. PreirFreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. Distinguished in a peculiar manner by the prominent varix-like developement of the ribs. Species 825. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix numiyis. Hel. testa latissimé umbilicata, convexo- depressd, corned, sordidé fuscd ; anfractibus quingue, subangustis, rotundatis ; aperturd fere circulari ; peri- stomate simplict. Tue HUMBLE Hewix. Shell very broadly umbilicated, convexly depressed, horny, dull brown; whorls five, rather narrow, rounded ; aperture nearly circular ; lip simple. Hurton, Journ. Asiatic Society of Calcutta, vol. vii. part 1. p- 217. Hab. Landour and Simla, Himalaya. A minute smooth horny circular species. Species 826. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx cornicuLtum. el. testd ampliter umbilicata, dis- coided, tenui, sub lente tenuissimée et creberrimé elevato- striatd, lutescente, inmaculatd ; spird impressd, suturd distincté ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; apertura Jere circulari ; peristomate simplici. THE LITTLE HORN Hexix. Shell largely umbilicated, discoid, thin, very finely and closely elevately striated beneath the lens, yellowish, unspotted; spire im- pressed, suture distinct ; whorls four, rounded ; aper- ture nearly circular; lip thin. Helix eta, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. New Zealand. A delicate unspotted horny species, of the small New Zealand type, in which the rib-like striae are very finely developed. Helix, 11. CXXXIN. HELIX. Prate CXXXIV. Species 827. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix sarcostoma. Hel, testa imperforatd, subglobosd, soliduld, obsolete striata et yranulato-punctulata, fuscd, castaneo fasciatd et pallidé marmoratd ; anfractibus quingue, viv convewiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo ; aper- turd perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; peristomate amplo, re- Jjlexo, subrevoluto, nitido, carneo, marginibus approxi- matis, callo crassiusculo junctis, basali sape subdentato. Tue FLEsH-MouTH Hexix. Shell imperforated, some- what globose, rather solid, obsoletely striated and granularly dotted, brown, banded and faintly marbled with chestnut; whorls five, slightly convex, the last deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip large, reflected, a little turned back, shining, flesh- colour, margins approximated, joined by a rather thick callosity, basal margin often slightly toothed. Wess and BerTHeELot, Syn. p. 312. Hab. Grand Canary Island. A prettily variegated solid shell, distinguished by an unusually broadly reflected flesh-tinged lip. Species 828. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Porto-Sanctana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depres- sd, oblique rugoso-striatd, obsolete granulatd, superne | rufa, pallide fasciatd, basi lutescente vel albidd ; spird subprominuld ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ul- timo anticeé deflexo ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; aper- turd perobliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate carneo, mar- ginibus fere contiguis, callo crassiusculo junctis, supero expanso, basali incrassato, reflexo. Tue Porro Sancro Hettx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, obliquely rugosely striated, obsoletely gra- nuled, reddish and faintly banded at the upper part, yellowish or whitish at the base; spire rather pro- minent ; whorls five, rather convex, the last deflected in front; umbilicus middling, open; aperture very oblique, nearly circular; lip flesh-tinged, with the margins almost contiguous, joined by a rather thick eallosity, upper margin expanded, basal thickened and reflected. Sowerby, Zoological Journal, vol. i. p. 57. pl. 3. f. 5. Hab. Island of Porto Sancto, Madeiras. A lightly wrinkled red-banded shell, with a nearly cireu- lur aperture. Species 829. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Apansoni. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bost, solidd, virente-fulod vel castaned, minutissim2 granulald ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo convexo, angulato, antice inflato, ad aperturam deflexo, constricto ; apertura subtriangulato-lunari, intus lac- ted ; peristomate incrassato, margine supero breviter reflexo, infero recto, late appresso, ad columellam sub- tuberculato. Apanson’s Heurx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, solid, greenish-fulvous or chestnut, very mi- nutely granulated ; whorls five, rather convex, the last convex, angulated, inflated in front, deflected and constricted at the aperture; aperture somewhat tri- angularly lunar, milk-white within; lip thickened, upper margin shortly reflected, lower margin straight, broadly appressed, slightly tubercled at the columella. Wess and Berrue.or, Syn. p. 313. Le Pouchet, Adanson. Helix Pouchet, Deshayes. Hab. Senegal, Canaries, and Cape de Verd Islands. This species was first published by Adanson, in his ‘Voyage en Sénégal,’ but his names are not available for our present form of nomenclature. Species 830. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Lown. Jel. testd umbilicata, turbinatd, tenui, subinflald, densissimé ruguloso-striata, rufescente-lacted, lineis rufis duabus medio cingulata ; spird subelevata ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato, basi rotundato ; apertura circulari, labro refleciusculo, marginibus fere contiguis, callositate junclis. Lowe’s Heurx. Shell umbilicated, turbinated, thin, somewhat inflated, very thickly rugosely striated, reddish-cream colour, encircled round the middle with two red lines; spire somewhat raised; whorls five, convex, the last slightly angled at the periphery, rounded at the base; aperture circular, lip rather reflected, with the margins almost contiguous, joined by a callosity. Fervussac, Bull. Zool, 1835. p. 89. — Had. Island of Porto Sancto, Madeiras. This shell, which is only found in a pale semi-fossil state, October, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXXXIV. is regarded by Dr. Pfeiffer as a colossal variety of H. Porto- Sanclana. ‘The spire is more raised, and the marking dif- fers slightly. Species 831. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx unpata. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-turbina- ta, nigricante-fuscd, plicis validis undatim corrugata ; spira late conoided ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convex- iusculis, ultimo antice valde deflexo ; apertura ampla, lunato-ovali ; peristomate superné simplici, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, columellari dilatato, appress? reflexo, plano. Tue waved Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressly tur- binated, blackish-brown, wrinkled in a waved man- ner with strong plaits; spire broadly conoid; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last strongly deflected in front; aperture large, lunar-oval; lip simple at the upper part, with the margins joined by a very thin callosity, columellar margin dilated, appressly reflected, flat. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 41. pl. 5. f. 5. Helix Groviana, Férussac. Feliz: scabra, Wood. Hab. Madeira. Remarkably sculptured throughout with very strong plicated wrinkles. Species 832. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Savuueyi. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-depressd, oblique rugulosd, undique minute malleatd, albidd, fus- co-maculatd, fasciis angustis castaneis ornatd ; anfrac- tibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo antice subitd de- fleco; apertura perobliqud, coarctata, lunato-ovali ; peristomate albo vel roseo, marginibus subparallelis, dextro late expanso, reflewiusculo, columellari dilatato, introrsum late tuberculato. Sautcy’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, obliquely wrinkled, minutely indented throughout, whitish, spotted with brown, ornamented with five narrow chestnut bands; whorls five, rather convex, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture very oblique, contracted, lunar-oval; lip white or rose- tinged, margins nearly parallel, right margin broadly expanded, rather reflected, columellar margin dilated, broadly tubercled inwardly. D’Orsteny, Moll. Canaries, p. 56. pl. 3. f. 9-11. Hab. Island of Fuerteventura, Canaries. Distinguished by a somewhat white-freckled appearance, with the stri forming into oblique wrinkles. Species 833. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx suppiicata. Hel. testd imperforata, subglobosd, longitudinaliter validé plicatd, epidermide luteo-fusca vel castaned indutd ; spird elata, obtusa ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, inflatis, rapide accrescentibus ; aper- turd ampld, subcirculari, intus nitidd, plicata ; peri- stomate simplici, marginihus fere contiguis, callo tenui junctis, columellari subincrassato, dilatato. THe suBPLICATE HeELrix. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, longitudinally strongly plicated, covered with a yellowish-brown or chestnut epidermis; spire raised, obtuse; whorls three to four, inflated, increasing rapidly ; aperture large, nearly circular, shining and plicated within; lip simple, with the margins almost continuous, joined by a thin callosity, columellar margin rather thickened, dilated. Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 56. pl. 3. f. 1. Hab. Island of Porto Sancto, Madeiras. An obliquely plicated inflated shell, with a rather pro- minent turbinated spire. ee Helv, Fl. CXXXV. ee _ HELIX. Pirate CXXXV. Species 834. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexvix Gaupryr. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bos, striata, obsolete malleatd, superne fusco-violaced, maculis violaceis in zonas dispositis vel maculis albidis ornatd ; spird brevi, obtusa; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo antice subitd deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-oblongd ; peristomate sub- incrassato, albo, marginibus subparallelis, supero ex- panso, basali strictiusculo, dilatato, appresso. Gaupry’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, striated, obsoletely indented, brownish-violet at the upper part, ornamented with violet spots arranged in four bands, or with whitish spots; spire short, ob- tuse; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last sud- denly deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, lunar- oblong; lip rather thickened, white, margins nearly parallel, upper margin expanded, basal rather drawn out, dilated, and appressed. D’Orsieny, Moll. Isles Canaries, p. 57. pl. 3. f. 15-17. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Of the four violet-tinged bands which characterize this species, the lowest is nearly obsolete. Species 835. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix punetutata. Hel. testd subobtecté umbilicatd, sub- globosd, concentricé lineata, flavo-fuscd, fasciis saturate brunneis vel nigricantibus ornatd, epidermide setigera indutd; spird breviusculd, suturad distinctd, depressius- culd ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo convero ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, albo, reflexo. Tue porrep Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, subglobose, concentrically lineated, yellowish- brown, ornamented with two dark brown or blackish bands, covered with a bristly epidermis; spire rather short, with the suture distinct and a little depressed ; whorls five, the last convex; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, right margin shortly expanded, columellar margin dilated, white, reflected. Sowersy, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 56. pl. 3. f. 2. Eadem subfossilis, Helix Bowdichiana, Férussac. Hab. Porto Santo, Madeira. Covered, except at the base, with granular dots. Species 836. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix mopesta. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, tenui, reticulato-malleata, virente-luted ; spirad subelevata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convez- iusculis, ultimo anticd subitd deflero, basi subgibbo ; apertura perobligud, lunato-ovali, intus albd ; peri- stomate lat2 expanso, refleriusculo, albo vel roseo, mar- ginibus subconniventibus, basali strictiusculo, dilatato, planato. Tue mopest Hetx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, thin, reticulately indented, greenish-yellow ; spire a little raised ; whorls four to five, rather con- vex, the last suddenly deflected in front, slightly gibbous at the base; aperture very oblique, lunar- oval, white within; lip broadly expanded, a little re- flected, white or rose-tinted, margins somewhat ap- proximating, basal margin rather drawn out, dilated, flattened. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 42. f. 1. Hab. Island of Fuertaventura, Canaries. The surface of this species is peculiar in being finely re- ticulately indented throughout. Species 837. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix piicaria. Hel. testa obtecté umbilicata, orbicu- lato-depressd, violascente-fuscd, basi pallidiore, oblique plicato-costata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, con- vexis, ultimo anticé valde deflero; apertura subhori- zontali, angustd, subovali, intus albd; peristomate acuto, angulatim latissimé expanso, intus incrassato, marginibus callo junctis. Tue pricateD Hetx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly depressed, violet-brown, paler at the base, obliquely plicately ribbed; whorls four to five, con- vex, the last much deflected in front; aperture rather horizontal, narrow, sub-oval, white within ; lip sharp, very broadly angularly expanded, thickened within, margins joined by a callosity. Lamarck, Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 462. f. 3. Helix plicatula, Lamarck (in Anim. sans vert.). Helix orbiculata, Wood. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Strongly marked by its sharply wrinkled plait-like sculpture. November, 1852. HELIX.—Prate CXXXV. Species 838. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Vinurersit. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-de- press, tenui, rugosa, profunde et irregulariter plicata (plicis obliquis, acutis, interruptis), fusco-corned, lineis angustis fuscis vittatd ; spird vir elevatd ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, subcarinatis ; apertura perob- liqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine supero expanso, columellari dilatato, ad umbilicum reflexo. Vittrers’ Herrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, thin, rough, deeply and irregularly plicated (plaits oblique, sharp, and interrupted), brown-horny, filleted with narrow brown lines; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat, slightly keeled; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval ; lip thin, sharp, upper margin ex- panded, columellar dilated, reflected at the umbilicus. D’Orsteny, Moll. Isles Canaries, p. 5. pl. 3. f. 12-14. Hah. Grand Canary Island. A worn discoloured specimen, showing the plaited sculpture but indistinctly, is the only one I have been able to procure of this species. Species 839. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx xantHopon. Hel, testd imperforatd, subglobosd, depressiusculd, alba, solidé; spird convexd ; anfrac- tibus quingue, convewiusculis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura rotundata, perobliquad, minusculd ; peristomate refleco, albo-labiato, margine columellari calloso, uni- dentato. THE YELLOW TooTH He.ix. Shell imperforated, sub- globose, a little depressed, white, solid; spire con- vex ; whorls five, rather convex, increasing slowly ; aperture rounded, very oblique, rather small; lip re- flected, white-edged, columellar margin callous, one- toothed. Anton, Rossmiisler, Moll. vol. 9. p. 6. f. 363. Hab. Oran, Algiers. A globose, solid species, with a conspicuously developed oblong tooth on the columellar margin. Species 840. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix consoprina. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressa, reticulato-malleata, fusco et flavido marmoratd et obsolete fasciald ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, conveviusculis, ultimo magno, ad aperturam constricto ; aperturé subhorizontali, transverse auriformi, intus nitidd, cerulescente ; peristomate late expanso, reflexo, roseo, marginibus subparallelis, basali dilatato, late tuberculato. THE cousin Hextx. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, reticulately indented, marbled and obsoletely banded with brown and yellow; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last large, constricted at the aper- ture; aperture rather horizontal, transversely ear- shaped, shining and bluish within; lip broadly ex- panded, reflected, rose-coloured, margins subparuallel, basal margin dilated, broadly tubercled. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 42. f. 2. Hab, Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Of a dark chestnut-colour, with little yellowish flames emerging from the suture. Species 841. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PELLIS-LACERTI. Hel. testd imperforatd, depres- so-globosd, solidiusculd, undique confertim subtiliter granulosa, virente-fulvd, fasciis saturate castaneis or- natd, strigis albis epidermidis lentiginosd, apice purpu- rascente-rosed ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, con- vexiusculis, ultimo inflato, anticé breviter deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, obtuse triangulari ; peristomate Susco-carneo, incrassato, breviter reflexo, margine dextro ad insertionem obsolete, in medio valide, tuberculato, basali strictiusculo, introrsum dilatato, calloso. THE LIZARD-SKIN HeEtrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather solid, closely finely granulated through- out, greenish-yellow, ornamented with dark chestnut bands, and freckled with white streaks of epidermis, purple-rose at the apex; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last inflated, shortly deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, obtusely triangular ; lip brown, flesh-tinged, thickened, shortly reflected, right margin obsoletely tubercled at the insertion, strongly tuber- cled in the middle, basal margin rather drawn out, dilated inwards and callous. Helix malleata, var. 8, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Lancerota, Canaries. Instead of being plicately wrinkled and indented, as in H. malleata, the surface of this species is very closely finely granulated throughout. Species 842. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MALLEATA. Tel. testd imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, solidiusculd, undique oblique corrugato-plicata et malleatd, fulvescente, castaneo fasciata, epidermide alba HELIX.—Puiare CXXXV. lentiginosa, apice purpurascente-rosed ; anfractibus Species 843. (Mus. Cuming.) quatuor ad quingue, convewiusculis, ultimo antice subitd deflexo ; aperturd transverse obliqud, obtus? triangu- lari; peristomate incrassato, albo, breviter reflexo, margine dextro ad insertionem obsolet2, medio valid, tuberculato, basalt strictiusculo, introrsum dilatato, calloso. THE INDENTED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, rather solid, obliquely corrugately plicated and indented throughout, fulvous, banded with chestnut, and freckled with white epidermis, purple- rose at the apex ; whorls four to five, rather convex, last whorl suddenly deflected in front; aperture transversely oblique, obtusely triangular; lip thick- ened, white, shortly reflected, right margin obsoletely tubercled at the insertion, strongly tubercled in the middle, basal margin rather drawn out, dilated in- wards, callous. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 48. f. 4. Helix bidentalis, Lamarck. Has. \sland of Teneriffe, Canaries. Heurx Vutcanta. Hel. testd obtect2 umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, tenui, subpellucidd, oblique corrugato-plicata, et malleatad, fumeo-olivaced, fasciis duabus nigro-fuscis subremotis superne cingulatd, lineis breviius albidis, cristatim dispositis, e sutura obscure emergentibus ; an- Jractibus quinque, convexis ; aperturd oblique circular ; peristomate tenuiter reflexo, intus calloso-limbato, mar- ginthus conniventibus, columella subappressé. Tue Vutcan Hextx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, thin, subtransparent, obliquely cor- rugately plicated and indented, dingy-olive, encircled round the upper part with two black-brown bands, with short whitish lines, arranged in tufts, emerging from the suture; whorls five, convex; aperture obliquely circular ; lip thinly reflected, cullous-edged within, margins approximating, columella a little ap- pressed. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p- 113. Hab. Island of Deserte Grande, Madeira. An extremely characteristic species, of semipellucid sub- stance, wrinkled and indented throughout. This and the preceding species are peculiarly charac- teristic of the principal natural type of this locality. vrte ee .Y ‘1.2 i be? y* « Vey vr RO aT Oe er nie) oe tot eae ry ik ‘ ns iv tee Oe ; : > a! » - a a aie 6 el Sia IVE Myers ene we) ou digteed 4 di re. ¢ Olan ie & De i aii - i . bow ‘i uhbwit4 wet " ? laqe ve ian ® : ; : — a5 ate) ice Saas | ‘ iu ern vee oak) T : ic! aa ed zt ¢ i ] " dow Biauy $34 —) a ou) yaaa rt cle pt : Fy Dial poet hii i era diver | r (ALialt. 36 vit a1 is eee iC Maadeee tee geil ee) ee, ee Bs re A o ‘ ; 4 Varin if Aeiert “Uw id bak Pate eb, t e. ( : ; e ii orn shih db eub veh 4 < ro ee ar ¥ i¢ 4 pp aes , haat eT a ges pat) odie ret j hi fd af dig wo ie ihe ied GVO cape UPd ee - gl ahi PO, Heed Ud, i a | iw ef ‘ oegiag.s) |e fo ¥en ahinutd it Pa pC oman Len ’ ! “s 1 i n LAS A Rape ZO)'h ow ligt aay ogee a = Y i : ‘ 7 ay) s ¢ j a tii be ve tae PE yw Kia alee ; Bie (edl) Ji am. Tow ehpeg - igo .. Aur VE sae! Wik iW A lew ieiee n jo 4 j e ih oy | OP =a } 9 Abe Gi Bis t { i ; A 7) on : aad 7 STs At ar’? } - f ji r ' ale iz | i i j Me f ‘ . ' > ; _ . > Te \ ? 1) ab AY ’ | : . = i * ' 0 ’ ( * - 5 & Helia:; Pl. CHXAXTL HELIX. Pirate CXXXIX. Species 874. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix papinio. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, superné granulato-corrugatd, albidd, ma- culis rufis subdistantibus lessellatd, subtus laevigata, im- maculatd ; spiré medio elevaté; anfractibus septem, angustis, ultimo superne angulato ; apertura lunato- circulari, subhorizontali ; peristomate reflexo-expanso, marginibus conniventibus. THe BUTTERFLY Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, granularly wrinkled at the upper part, whitish, tessellated with rather distant red spots, smooth beneath, unspotted ; spire raised in the middle; whorls seven, narrow, the last angled at the upper part; aperture lunar-circular, rather ho- rizontal; lip reflectedly expanded, margins approxi- mating. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 116. | 1° Hab. Island of Baxo, Madeiras. A prettily painted species, of a depressed subpyramidal form. Species 875. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Cuerrantutcora. Hel. testd umbilicatd, pyra- midali, subcarinatd, solidiusculd, rugoso-striatd et un- dique granulato-scabra, sordidé albd, fascid lata rufa ad suturam, obsoletioribusque ad basin ornatd ; spird elevatd, oblusé; suturd impressa; anfractibus octo, convexis, tumidis, ultimo basi convexiusculo, antice de- frevo ; umbilico infundibuliformi, non pervio ; apertura perobliqua, subcirculari ; peristomate acuto, simplici, marginibus approximatis, callo junctis, basali reflexo. Tue CHEIRANTHUS-INHABITING Hettx. Shell umbi- licated, pyramidal, slightly keeled, rather solid, ru- gosely striated and everywhere granularly roughened, dull white, encircled with a broad red band at the suture, and more obsolete bands at the base; spire raised, obtuse ; whorls eight, convex, swollen, the last slightly convex at the base, deflected in front; umbilicus funnel-shaped, not open; aperture very oblique, nearly circular; lip sharp, simple, margins approximating, joined by a callosity, basal margin reflected. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 57. pl. 6. f. 17. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras (on shrubs of Chei- ranthus tenuifolius); Lowe. A strongly marked brown-banded Trochus-shaped species. Species 876. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Lvemniscata. Hel. testd obtect2 umbilicatad, tur- binald, oblique distinct? striatd, fusciduld cel alba, rufo vel nigricante fasciatd, fasciis pluribus sa@pe inter- ruptis ; spird elatd, conicd, apice acutiusculd ; anfrac- libus sex, planiusculis, ultimo non descendente, basi subplanulato ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate recto, intus fusco sublabiato, margine columellari brevi, subverticali, reflexiusculo, umbilicum omnino tegente. THE RIBAND-BOUND Hextx. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, turbinated, obliquely distinctly striated, light brown or white, banded with red or black, many of the bands often interrupted ; spire raised, conical, rather sharp at the apex; whorls six, rather flat- tened, the last not descending, a little flattened at the base; aperture rotundately lunar; lip straight, white-edged within, columellar margin short, sub- vertical, slightly reflected, altogether covering the umbilicus. Wess and BEeRrtHELot, Synopsis, p. 317. Hab. Canary Islands. Of a globosely conical form, encircled for the most part with rather distant narrow dark bands, covered with a slight epidermis. Species 877. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex caucanea. Hel. testd vir umbilicata, subglobosa, tenuissime subirregulariter striata, calcareo-albd, lined pallida subtus fasciala ; spird concera ; anfractibus quingue, convesis, medio subtilissimé plus minus ob- solet2 carinatis, ultimo subinflato; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, intus labiato, margine columel- lari reflexo, umbilicum Sere tegente. Tue caLcareous Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subglo- bose, very finely somewhat irregularly striated, chalk- white, banded below with a faint line ; spire convex ; whorls five, convex, very finely obsoletely keeled in the middle, last whorl rather inflated ; aperture lunar; lip simple, edged within, columellar margin reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. November, 1852. HELIX.—Piate CXXXIX. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. A perfectly white shell, encircled beneath with a faint subtransparent thread-like line and obscurely keeled round the middle. Species 878. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix oprecta, Hel. testd umbilicatd, depress, superne Planiusculd, basi convead, solidiusculd, eroso-scrobicula- td, subgranulata, sordide fuscescente ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis, primis tmmersis, sequentibus turgidis, ultimo superne angulato, antic? deflexo; umbilico me- diocri, pervio; aperturd subcirculari; peristomate continuo, vie expanso, intus subincrassato. COVERED Huxrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather flat at the upper part, convex and rather solid at the base, erodely pitted, subgranular, dull brown- ish; whorls five, convex, the first immersed, the fol- lowing swollen, the last angled at the upper part, de- flected in front; umbilicus middling, upen ; aperture nearly cireular; lip continuous, a little expanded, slightly thickened within. Lows, Faun. Mader. p. 47. pl. 5. f. 20. Hai. Islands of Baxo and Porto Santo, Madeiras. THE Characterized in chief measure by its roughly pitted surface. Species 879. (Mus. Cuming.) Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressa, | HELIX SEMICOSTULATA. subtus convevd, subdiscoided, solide corned, livido-ci- nered, nitente, supra tenud striatd, infra levigald ; | syira plano-convexa; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE HALP-RIBBED Hix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, convex heneath, somewhat discoid, solid horny, livid- ash, shining, thinly finely striated above, smooth helow; spire flatly convex; whorls five, rather flat- tened ; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip simple, sharp. Beck, Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic. viv. p. 435. Hab. Island of Grand Canary. | | A livid-ash horny species, with somewhat of a Planorbis- aspect. Species 880. (Mus. Cuming.) | Hexix Lyevuiana. Hel. testd umbilicaté, depresso-co- nica, solidiusculd, acutissime carinatd, arcuatin tenui- striata, fuscescente, castaneo fasciatd et variegaté ; spird obtusd; anfractibus octo, planatis; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, expanso, margi- ntbus callo tenui junctis, columellari reflexo. Lyrvi’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly conic, rather solid, very sharply keeled, arcuately finely striated, light brownish, banded and variegated with chest- nut; spire obtuse; whorls eight, flattened; aperture lunar-circular; lip simple, expanded, margins joined by a thin callosity, columellar margin reflected. Lowe, Ann, and Mag, Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 117. ITab. Island of Deserte Grande, Canaries. Curiously allied to the H. Listeri type of the Philippine Tslands. Species 881. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx srrrons. Jel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculari-con- veviusculd, subcarinatd, tenui, nitidd, corneo-virescente, infra leviusculd, obsolet? striatd, supra costulato-stri- até; spird vie elevala; suturd distinctd, impressa ; anfractibus septem, lent2 accrescentibus, ultimo basi convexo ; umbilico parvo, cylindraceo, profundo ; aper- turé lunari ; peristomate simplici, tenui, acuto, intus latissime albo-labiato. two-FraceD ]{eL1x. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly rather convex, slightly keeled, thin, shining, horny greenish, rather smooth beneath, obsoletely striated, rib-like striated above ; spire but little raised; suture distinct, impressed; whorls seven, increasing slowly, the last convex at the base; umbilicus small, cylin- drical, deep; aperture lunar; lip simple, thin, sharp, very broadly white-edged within. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 46. pl. 5. f. 18. Hab. Madeira. Of regular circular growth, rib-like striated above, and smooth below. THE Species 882. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Lents. Hel. testé latd umbilicata, globoso-depressa, tenerd, striatd, diaphand, olivaced aut rufescente, ni- tente ; spird vix elevatd, oblusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convewiusculis, ultimo subrotundato ; aper- turd lunari-circulari, parviuscula ; peristomate recto, simplict, acuto, » smooTH Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, thin, striated, diaphanous, olive or reddish, shining; spire but little raised, obtuse ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last somewhat rture lunar-cireular, rather small; lip simple, sharp. lenis, Shuttleworth, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 4. pl i.f 3: Hab. (sland of Palma, Canaries. A horny Cyelostoma-like species, with an open spiral umbilicus. Species 883. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx anactyprica. Hel. testé profunde umibilicatd, globosi, tumidiusculd, undique granosa et plicato-stri- ata, virescente, castaneo-brunneo superne latifasciata ; _ _ HELIX.—Puare CXXXIX. spird elevatiuscnld ; anfractibus quingue, subrotunda~ tis; apertura circulari; peristomate simplici, recto, intus lacteo-calloso, marginibus connicentiLus, columel- Tue empossep Hetix. Shell deeply umbilicated, glo- hose, rather swollen, granulated and plicately striated throughout, greenish, broadly banded about the upper part with chestnut-brown ; spire rather raised ; whorls five, somewhat rounded; aperture circular ; lip simple, straght, white-callous within, margins approximating, columellar margin dilated. Hab. \sland of Flat Deserte, Canaries. This fine species from the Canary Islands does not appear to have been hitherto deseribed. ° E LOM. ‘Fl ° CAL HELIX. Pirate CXL. Species 884. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix cuticuta. Hel. testd imperforata, tenui, membra- naced, olivaceo-viridi, depresso-orbiculari ; spird brevi, acutd ; anfractibus tribus, arcuatim plicato-striatis, ad peripheriam acute carinatis, ultimo peramplo, oblique inflato; apertura ovali-securiforme ; peristomate via reflexo. Tue cuticte Hexrx. Shell imperforated, thin, mem- branaceous, olive-green, depressly orbicular; spire short, sharp; whorls three, arcuately plicately stri- ated, sharply keeled at the periphery, last whorl very large, obliquely inflated ; aperture oval hatchet- shaped ; lip scarcely inflated. SuurrLewortu, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 8. pl. 4. f. 5. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries (in fissures of the rocks and under plants) ; Shuttleworth. A membranaceous species, not shining, but plicately striated. Species 885. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix wtenticura. Tel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, carinald, subtilissime costulalo-striatd, fusco-corned, opacd ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo an- tice vix descendente; apertura lunari ; peristomate Jfleauoso, superne simplici, recto, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari reflexiusculo, subtiliter limbato. THE PIMPLE Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, lens-shaped, keeled, | very finely rib-like striated, brown-horny, opake ; whorls five, rather convex, the last a little descending in front; aperture lunar; lip flexuous, simple at the | upper part, straight, margins joined by a thin cal- losity, columellar margin a little reflected, finely edged. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 66. f. 1. Helix subtilis, Lowe. Helix Pintorella, Bonelli. Hab, Southern Europe, North Africa, Sicily, Madeira and Canary Islands. A small horny orbicular plicately striated species, with an open subperspective umbilicus. Species 886. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix actinopuora. Hel. testa umbilicaté, orbiculari, depressi, basi converiore, sublurgidd, tenui, fusco-ru- Jescente, acute carinata ; spird convexiusculo-depressd ; suturd distinctd ; anfractibus quingue, planatis, striis creberrimis, tenuissimis, transversim undulatim lami- nosis, quibusdam ad carinam suturamce radiantibus ; umbilico parvo ; apertura transversd, rotundato-ovali, sublunata ; perislomate refleriusculo. Tne nayep Hexix. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, de- pressed, more convex at the base, swollen, thin, brown-red, sharply keeled; spire rather convexly depressed; suture distinct; whorls five, flattened, transversely undulately laminated with very fine close-set stria, some of which radiate on the suture and at the keel; umbilicus small; aperture trans- verse, rotundately oval, sublunar; lip a little re- flected. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 45. pl. 5. f. 14. Hai. Madeira (in the woods); Lowe. Allied in form and sculpture to 7. cuticula, but of more solid structure and umbilicated. Species 887. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix vacintosa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subglobosd, ob- liqué corrugato-plicatd, intens? castaned, nitente, albo interrupte trifasciatd, epidermide subsetosé hic illic munitd ; suturd impressd; anfractibus quingue, ro- tundatis, ultimo anticé descendente ; umbilico parco ; apertura circulari; peristomate rufescente, expanso- reflexo, marginibus junctis. | THe pLuarteD Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, obliquely corrugately plaited, dark chestnut, shining, three-banded in an interrupted manner with white, furnished here and there with bristly epidermis; su- ture impressed; whorls five, rounded, last whorl de- scending in front; umbilicus small; aperture circu- lar ; lip reddish, expandedly reflected, margins joined. | Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 114. Hab. \slaud of Deserte Minore, Canaries. A richly coloured shell, of a rounded form, with an im- pressed suture. Species 888. (Mus. Cuming.) | Hex crrcumsessus. lel. testd perspective umbilicala, November, 1852. HELIX.—Prare CXL. depresso-orbiculari, rufescente-corned, subtiliter plicato- striata ; spird converd ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura lunari-ovali, obliqudé ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus. SURROUNDED Hexrx. Shell perspectively umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, reddish-horny, finely pli- cately striated; spire convex; suture impressed ; whorls four to five, convex, increasing gradually ; aperture lunar-oval, oblique; lip simple, with the margins approximating. SuvrrrewortH, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 5. pl. 1. f. 6. Hab. Island of Teneriffe (under stones and dead leaves) ; Shuttleworth. THE A bright reddish-horny rounded species, rather largely umbilicated. Species 889. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sTEPHANOPHORA. Jel. testé umbilicatd, conico- globosd, olivaceo-corned ; anfractibus novem, angustis, superne creberrime oblique costatis, infra levibus ; um- bilico parviusculo, profundo ; apertura subanguste lu- nari, laminarum brevium seriebus ad intervalla equa- lia interne munita ; peristomate simplici. THE CRowNED Hextx. Shell umbilicated, conically ¢lo- bose, olive-horny ; whorls nine, narrow, very closely obliquely ribbed on the upper surface, smooth be- neath; umbilicus rather small, deep; aperture rather narrowly lunar, furnished interiorly at equal distances with rows of short lamelle ; lip simple. Desnayes, Ed. Férussac, Hist. Moll. vol. i. p. 111. pl. 90. f. 8. Helix calathus, Lowe. Hab. Madeira. Curiously distinguished by the presence of rows of short inner lamine, placed throughout the shell at intervals like cross internal varices. Species 890. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLrx Consors. converd, superné costulato-granulatd, basi levigatd, striatuld, nitidd, albo et fusco variegata, subtus palli- diore ; spird converd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo rotundato, basi convexo, antice subitd deflexo ; umbilico punctiformi ; aperturd lunato-ovali, intus alba ; peristomate simplici, marginibus distantibus, su- pero recto, basali reflexiusculo. Tue consort Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, rib-like granulated at the upper part, smooth at the base, finely striated, shining, variegated with white and brown, paler underneath; spire con- vex; whorls six, rather convex, the last rounded, convex at the base, suddenly deflected in front ; um- bilicus puncture-like; aperture lunar-oval, white within; lip simple, margins distant, upper margin straight, basal a little reflected. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 51. pl. 6. f. 3. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. A chestnut-brown transparent horny species, mottled with opake-white, and slightly granulated. Species 891. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Lautus. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subglobosd, subtus convexd, tenuiusculd, alba, fasciis angustis interruptis fuscis obsoletis ornatd, nitidiusculd ; suturd distincta ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, conferlissime transversim striatis, ultimo rotundato ; umbilico parvo, cylindraceo, profundo, aperto ; apertura lunaté, subrotunda ; peri- stomate acuto. Tue wasHep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, convex beneath, rather thin, white, ornamented with obsolete, narrow, interrupted brown bands, rather shining ; suture distinct; whorls five, convex, very closely transversely striated, the last rounded; um- bilicus small, cylindrical, deep, open; aperture lunar- rounded ; lip sharp. Lows, Faun. Mader. p. 53. pl. 6. f. 9. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. The interrupted brown band next the suture is mostly _ well-marked. Hel. testé subumbilicatd, orbiculato- | Species 892. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix pEaLBaTa. Hel. testa angustd umbilicatd, de- pressi, striatuld, et granulis minutis undique exas- peratd, solidiusculd, albidd ; spird parwm elevata ; an- Sractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo superne subangulato, basi convexo, antice vix descendente ; apertura subcir- culari ; peristomate simplici, intus sublabiato, margini- bus callo junctis. Tue wurrep Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressed, finely striated, roughened throughout with minute granules, rather solid, whitish; spire but little raised ; whorls six, rather flat, the last slightly angled at the upper part, convex at the base, a little HELIX.—Puate CXL. deflected in front; aperture nearly circular ; lip sim- ple, slightly edged within, margins joined by a cal- losity. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 48. pl. 5. f. 21. Had. Islands of Porto Santo and Baxo, Madeiras. Of an ash tinge, the lip of the circular aperture being yellowish-brown. Species 893. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexvix Despreauxi. Hel. testdé umbilicatd, acute conicd, ' Despreaux’s He.rx. calcared, alba, acute carinatéd ; anfractibus quingue, | exsertis, bicarinatis carinis dentato-serratis, inferiore — | of chalk-white substance, stained in the mouth with dark magis prominente ; apertura perobliqua, depressi, ellip- licd, intus fusciduld ; peristomate simplici, recto, mar- ginthus fere contiguis, callo tenui junctis, columellari reflexo, umbilicum angustum fere occultante. Shell umbilicated, sharply coni- cal, Trochus-shaped, rather convex at the base, ru- gosely tubercled, chalky, white, sharply keeled ; whorls five, exserted, two-keeled; keels dentately serrated, the lower the more prominent; aperture very oblique, depressed, elliptic, brown within ; lip simple, straight, with the margins nearly contiguous, joined by a thin callosity, columellar margin re- flected, almost covering the narrow umbilicus. Trochiformi, basi convexiusculé, rugoso-tuberculatd, — D’Orpreny, Moll. Isles Canaries, p. 65. pl. 3. f. 21-23. Hab. Island of Fuerteventura, Canaries. A very characteristically sculptured Trochus-like species, chestnut. ~ Serre vii.) < 7 . Ve se en : SAS 897. I00 Helix, Pl. CXL. HELIX. Pirate CXLI. Species 894. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX THIARELLA. Tel. testi angustissine umbilicaté, trochiformi, allo et fusco variegald, bicarinatd, ad su- turam tuberculato-plicatd ; spird conicd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus sex ad septem, ultimo basi confertim et con- centrice granulato-sulcato, antic angulatin deflexo ; apertura subhorizontali, circulari; peristomate ex- panso, continuo, soluto. THE LITTLE TURBAN Hetrx. Shell very narrowly umbi- licated, trochus-shaped, variegated with brown and white, two-keeled, tubercularly plicated at the su- ture; spire conical, obtuse at the apex; whorls six to seven, the last closely concentrically granularly grooved at the base, angularly deflected in front ; aperture subhorizontal, circular; lip expanded, con- tinuous, free. Wess and Berrnetor, Synopsis, p. 316. D’Orbigny, Moll. Isles Canaries, p. 62. pl. 1. f. 26-28. Hab. Madeira and Canary Islands. The shell here represented is dead and discoloured, but characteristic in respect of form and sculpture. Species 895. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix paupercuLa. fel. testd laté umbilicatd, subdis- coided, superné plana vel parum elevatd, sub lente mi- nutissime granulatd, yrised, punctis fuscis aspersa ; anfractibus trilus ad quatuor, supra planis, ultimo superné anguluto, basi convero, ad aperturam circu- larem angulatim coarctato; peristomate continuo, acuto, fusco, quasi duplicato. Tue poor Heurx. Shell broadly umbilicated, somewhat discoid, flat or but little raised at the upper part, very minutely granulated beneath the lens, grey, sprinkled with brown dots; whorls three to four, flat above, the last angled at the upper part, convex at the base, angularly contracted at the aperture, which is circular; lip continuous, sharp, brown, as though double. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 47. pl. 5. f. 19. Hab. Islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. The peculiar thickening of the lip behind its sharp edge appears to be constant. Species 896. (Mus. Cuming.) TWe1ix LENTIGINOSA. Jel. testé umbilicaté, rotundato- depressa, infra subplanulatd, subcarinaté, tenui, macu- latd et subfasciata ; spird concexo-depressd ; suturd distincté ; anfraclibus quinque, convexiusculis, striatis ; aperturd transverse ovali ; peristomate reflero, expanso, marginibus callo junctis. Tue FRucKLED Herix. Shell umbilicated, rotundately depressed, rather flattened beneath, slightly keeled, thin, spotted and faintly banded with brown ; spire convexly depressed; suture distinct; whorls five, rather convex, striated; aperture transversely oval ; lip reflected, expanded, margins joined by a callosity. Lows, Faun. Mader. p. 49. pl. 5. f. 25. Hab. Madcira. The colouring of this species in fine condition is a bright chestnut-brown, freckled with opake-white. Species 897. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MicroMPHALA. Hel. testé angustd umbilicata, sub- globusd, virente-corned, pellucidd, superné subobsoletd plicato-striaté, subtus laevigata ; anfractibus sex, sub- angustis, convexis, ultimo antice paululum deflexo ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate subexpanso, marginibus conniventibus, callo tenui junctis. Tne sMALL-uMBILIcUS Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbili- cated, somewhat globose, greenish-horny, transparent, somewhat obsoletely plicately striated at the upper part, smooth beneath; whorls six, rather narrow, convex, the last a little deflected in front ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip a little expanded, margins ap- proximating, joined by a thin callosity. Lowe, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850. Hab. Island of Deserte Grande, Madeiras. A rounded horny species of simple form, striated above and smooth beneath. Species 898. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix ArmitaGeana. Hel. testd angustd et profunde umbilicald, depresso-globosd, virente-corned, fusco pal- lide Lifasciaté, pellucidd, oblique subobsoleté plicato- striata, striis subhispidis ; anfractibus quingue, con- November, 1852. HELIX.—Piate CXLI. veris, ultimo antice subdeflexo ; aperturd late lunari ; peristomate refleco-expanso. Armirace’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly and deeply umbili- cated, depressly globose, greenish-horny, faintly two- banded with brown, transparent, obliquely rather ob- soletely plicately striated, strize a little hairy; whorls five, convex, the last a little deflected in front ; aper- ture broadly lunar; lip reflectedly expanded. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 115. Hab. Madeira. Distinguished chiefly by its faint banded colouring and delicate hairy striae. Species 899. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix compacta. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- vexi, solidiusculd, superné costulato-striatd et granu- lata, basi levigatd, striatuld, nitidd, albido et corneo variegatd, subtus obsolete fusco-unifasciatd ; spird con- vexd ; anfractibus sex, vix convexiusculis, ultimo obso- lete angulato, antice vix descendente ; umbilico minimo ; aperturd lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, mar- ginibus approximatis, basali reflewiusculo. Tue compact Heurx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, rather solid, rib-like striated and granulated, smooth at the base, shining, variegated with white and horn, encircled with an obsolete brown band be- neath; spire convex; whorls six, slightly convex, the last obsoletely angled, a little descending in front ; umbilicus very small; aperture lunar-cireu- lar; lip simple, margins approximating, basal margin a little reflected. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 50. pl. 6. f. 2. Helix innominata, Gray. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeira. The umbilicus of this little solid species is nearly closed in. Species 900. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix catva. Hel. testa obtectd umbilicatd, subdepresso- globosd, superné costulato-striatd, basi levigatd, dia- phand, corned, obsolete et anguste fusco-bifasciatd ; an- fractibus septem, via convexiusculis, ultimo anticé vix descendente ; apertura lunari; peristomate tenui, sub- expanso, intus albo-labiato, margine basali plane ar- cuato. Tue scatp Herrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, glo- bosely depressed, rib-like striated at the upper part, smooth at the base, diaphanous, horny, obsoletely narrowly brown-banded; whorls seven, slightly con- vex, the last a little descending in front; aperture lunar ; lip thin, a little expanded, white-edged within, basal margin flatly arched. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 49. pl. 5. f. 26. Hab, Madeira. Of more globose form than its congeners, encircled with two light brown bands. Species 901. (Mus. Cuming.) Hertix persimiits. Hel. testa subobtect? umbilicata, globoso-turbinatd, plicato-striatd, tenui, sordid2 cornea, Jasciis duabus fuscis, sepe interruptis, maculisque al- bidis variegatd ; spird globoso-elevatd, subobtusd ; an- JSractibus sex, sensim accrescentibus, convexis, ultimo obsolete subangulato, antice non descendente ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto, margine columellari tenuiter dilatato, umbilicum semi- occultante. THE veRY-LIKE Hexix. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, globosely turbinated, plicately striated, thin, dull horny, variegated with two often inter- rupted brown bands and white spots; spire glo- bosely raised, rather obtuse; whorls six, increasing slowly, convex, last whorl obsoletely slightly angled, not descending in front ; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip simple, straight, sharp, columellar margin thinly dilated, half-covering the umbilicus. SuurrLeworru, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 7. pl. 3, f. 8. Hab, Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. A bright very prettily painted species. Species 902. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx coronata, el, testa profunde et sublaté umbili- cata, discoided, planulatd, lacted, solidad ; anfractibus quingue, oblique arcuatim costato-laminatis, medio spi- raliter acute carinatis, carind prominente, erecta; aper- turd minima, peculiariter trigonaliter contracta, medio unidentatd. THE cCRowNED Hetrx. Shell deeply and rather broadly umbilicated, discoid, flattened, cream-colour, solid ; whorls five, obliquely arcuately riblike-laminated, spirally sharply keeled in the middle, keel prominent and erect; aperture very small, peculiarly triangularly contracted, one-toothed in the middle. Desuayes, Ed. Férussac, Hist. Moll. vol. i. p. 71. pl. 69 K. f. 1-4. HELIX.—P tate CXLI. Helix Juliformis, Lowe. Sractibus tribus, superné angulato-carinatis, infra ro- Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. tundatis ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, P : ; : ee irregulart. De ener oe tenon degree by. ats peculianty” | ine isomers Bare Riel umbilicated, depressed, of sculpture, the whorls being encircled round the middle striated, submembranaceous; spire flat; suture im. by a sharp raised keel, with arched somewhat distant ribs pressed; whorls three, angularly keeled at the upper above and below it. part, rounded beneath ; aperture nearly circular ; lip thin, irregular. ; | Lowe, . and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 114. Species 903. (Mus. Cuming.) ae ae ag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 11 HELIX LaTENS. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, striatd, | The dark appearance of the figure of this species arises submembranaced; spird pland; suturd impressd; an- | from its being encrusted with agglutinated earth. ? Helix, Pl. CYL. HELIX. Pirate CXLIT. Species 904. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix putcuerta. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, subde- pressd, albidd, nitidd, glabré ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, convewiusculis, ultimo antic dilatato, non deflexo ; apertura obliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate reflexo, candidé sublabiato, marginibus approximatis. Tue prerry Herrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, rather depressed, whitish, shining, smooth; whorls three to four, rather convex, the last dilated in front, not de- flected; aperture oblique, nearly circular; lip re- flected, white-edged, margins approximating. Mutter, Verm. vol. il. p. 30. Helia paludosa, Walker. Helix nitidula, Studer. Helix minuta, Say. Helix crystallina, Dillwyn. Hab. Europe, Madeiras, North America. A minute subglassy species, widely distributed through- out the chief portion of the north temperate zone. Species 905. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx arcta. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depressi, distincté et confertim costulatd, pallidé corned, albo-marmoratd, rufo-maculata et obsolete fasciatd ; spird vix convexd ; | anfractibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo cari- nato, basi conveviore, anticé subitd breviter deflexo ; umbilico punctiformi; apertura perobliqud, lunato- circulari, dente oblique intrante albo calloso coarctatd ; peristomate acuto, reflexo, intus albo-calloso, marginibus Sere contiguis. Tue smaLL Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, dis- tinctly and closely finely ribbed, pale horny, white- marbled, red spotted and obsoletely banded; spire but little convex; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last keeled, more convex at the base, suddenly shortly deflected in front; umbilicus puncture-like ; aperture very oblique, lunar-circular, contracted by a narrow tooth entering obliquely ; lip sharp, reflected, white- callous within, margins almost contiguous. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 42. pl. 5. f. 7. Hab, Madeira. Much variegated in marking, chestnut-brown, freckled with white. Species 906. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ARMILLATA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, ob- liqué elevato-striatd, castaneo-brunned, albido lentigi- nosd ; spird suboblusd ; anfractibus quatuor, subangu- latis, deinde rotundatis ; apertura subcirculari, mar- ginibus conniventibus, columellari paululum reflexo. Tue BraceLeT Herix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, obliquely elevately striated, chestnut-brown, freckled with whitish; spire somewhat obtuse; whorls four, rather angled, then rounded ; aperture nearly cir- cular, margins approximating, columellar margin a little reflected. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 113. Hab. Madeira. Resembling the preceding species in colour and mark- ing, but of a more rounded form. Species 907. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Guertnrana. Hel. testd latissimé perspective um- bilicatd, depresso-pland, discoided, alhido-fuscescente, subcorned, supra maculis rufis tessellata, infra pallide strigatd ; anfractibus septem, angustis, costulato-stri- atis, obtuse angulatis ; apertura parca, lunari ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto, Guerrtin’s Hexrx. Shell very broadly perspectively um- bilicated, depressly flattened, discoid, whitish-brown, subhorny, tessellated with red spots above, faintly streaked beneath; whorls seven, narrow, rib-like striated, obtusely angled ; aperture small, lunar ; lip simple, sharp. Lows, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 115. Hab. Madeira. A very characteristic discoid Planorbis-like species, con- spicuously tessellated on the spire with square red spots. Species 908. (Fig. 908 and 909, Mus. Cuming.) Henrx proarmata. Hel. testé umbilicatd, Trochiformi, granulis aspersis undique obsitd, brunned ; spird ele- vatd, scalaformi ; anfractibus quingue, bicarinatis, ul- timo anticd subitd deflexo, basi viz convero ; umbilico punctiformi ; aperturd horizontali, circulari ; peristo- mate simplici, acuto, brevissime undique expanso, mar- ginibus continuis, solutis. November, 1852. HELIX.—Puare CXLII. THE TWO-KEELED HeELix. Shell umbilicated, Trochus- shaped, set throughout with sharp granules; spire raised, step-formed ; whorls five, two-keeled, the last suddenly deflected in front, but little convex at the base; umbilicus puncture-like; aperture horizontal, circular; lip simple, sharp, very shortly expanded throughout, margins continuous, free. Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 58. pl. 3. f. 7. Helix duplicata, Lowe. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. A roughly granuled rather solid prominently two- keeled species, of a dark brown colour. Species 910. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix EcHINuLATA. Hel. testa wmbilicatd, Trochiformi, granulis echinulatis scaberrimd, fuscd, basi rufo-bifas- ciatd ; spird elevatd, apice obtusd; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo acute carinato, basi planiusculo, juxta carinam sulcato, antice subito deflexo ; umbilico minimo, punctiformi ; apertura circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, continuo, soluto, expansiusculo. Tre prickLy Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, Trochus-shaped, roughed with prickly granules, brown, encircled with two red bands at the base; spire raised, obtuse at the apex ; whorls six, convex, the last sharply keeled, rather flat at the base, grooved next the keel, suddenly deflected in front; umbilicus very small, puncture- like; aperture circular ; lip simple, sharp, continuous, free, a little expanded. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 57. pl. 6. f. 19. Hab. Island of Porto Santo, Madeiras. Allied to the preceding species, but more strongly grained and having but one keel. Species 911. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX STELLARIS. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicatd, de- pressd, tenuiculd, vivide fuscescente, albido lentiginosd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis ; aperturd trans- verse ovata ; peristomate tenui, subexpanso, marginibus Sere contiguis. Tue steLLAR Hexix. Shell rather largely umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, bright brown, freckled with whitish ; whorls four, rather convex ; aperture trans- versely ovate; lip thin, a little expanded, margins almost contiguous. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 118. Hab. Madeira. Resembling Z. arcta, but thinner and of a more trans- parent colour. Species 912. (Mus. Cuming.) He1rx arripEns. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, cari- natd, tenui, pallidé corned, rugoso-striatuld, hispida ; spird viv elevatd ; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ul- timo basi convexiore, anticé breviter deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, depressd, irregulariter lunari ; peristomate acuto, margine dextro simplici, brevi, arcuato, basali strictiusculo, breviter reflexo, umbilicum semioccultante. Tue smi~inc Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, keeled, thin, pale horny, finely rugosely striated, hairy; spire scarcely raised; whorls five, rather flattened, the last more convex at the base, shortly deflected in front; aperture very oblique, depressed, irregularly lunar; lip sharp, right margin simple, short, arched, basal rather drawn out, shortly reflected, half-cover- ing the umbilicus. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 43. pl. 5. f. 9. Hab. Madeira. A more broadly lunar aperture than in its allied species, the basal margin being dilated half over the umbilicus. Species 913. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx enconata. Hel. testé latissimé perspective umbi- licatdé, depressi, brunneo-rufescente, costulatd ; spird convexa ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis, ul- timo ad peripheriam carinato, circa umbilicum conicum acute angulato ; apertura non descendente, subquadraté ; peristomate recto, simplici, acuto. Tue MANY-aNGLED Hetrx. Shell very broadly perspec- tively umbilicated, depressed, brownish-red, finely ribbed; spire convex; whorls six to seven, rather convex, last whorl keeled at the periphery, sharply angled around the conical umbilicus; aperture not descending, somewhat square; lip straight, simple, sharp. Suutriewortu, Diag. Mollusken, p. 5. pl. 1. No. 1. 1a HTab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Of widely convoluted discoid growth, allied to H. Gue- | riniana. 2@ J. fa Heliay , Pl. CRLIM. Species 914. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Crymene. Hel. testd minutd, late umbilicatd, de- pressd, discoided, Nautiliformi, tenui, levigatd, dia- phand, rufescente-corned, subtus nitiduld ; spird exigud, profunde immersa ; anfractibus tribus, celeriter accres- centibus, ultimo magno, inflato, antice paululum de- flexo ; apertura obliqua, lunari-subcirculari ; peristo- mate simplici, recto, marginibus remotis. Tue Ciymene Hexrx. Shell minute, broadly umbili- cated, depressed, discoid, Nautilus-shaped, thin, smooth, diaphanous, reddish-horny, shining beneath ; spire small, deeply immersed ; whorls three, increas- ing quickly, the last large, inflated, a little deflected in front; aperture oblique, lunar-subcircular ; lip simple, straight, margins distant. SuurrLewortu, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 4. Mem. Conch. pl. 1. f. 5. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. An extremely minute species, of discoid Nautiloid growth. Species 915. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewurx servitis. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicatd, glo- boso-depressd, lamellis tenuissimis eximié costulatd, corneo-rufescente ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente ; apertura rotundata ; peristo- mate recto, simplici, acuto. Tue servILE Hetrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, globosely depressed, delicately finely ribbed with very thin lamella, horny-red; whorls four, rather convex, last whorl not descending ; aperture rounded; lip straight, simple, sharp. Sautrtewortu, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 6. Mem. Conch. pl. 2. f. 2. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Of more globose form than the preceding species. Species 916. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix pyem@a. Hel. testé apert2 umbilicata, orbiculato- converd, fusculd, minutissime striatd, sericind ; an- fractibus tribus ad quatuor, subequalihus, convexius- culis; aperturé lunari; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto. Tue promy Hextx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicu- larly convex, brownish, very minutely striated, silky ; whorls three to four, nearly equal, rather convex ; aperture lunar; lip simple, straight, sharp. HELIX. Piate CXLIII. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 114. pl. 8. f. 8-10. Helix minuta, Studer. Helix Kirbii, Sheppard. Zonites pygmaeus, Gray. Hah. Europe. A minute subglobose horny species, with a rather large open umbilicus, Species 917. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix pracipa. Hel. testa apert2 sed mediocriter umbi- licatd, depresso-turbinatd, tenui, subtilissimd *strialé, diaphand, sericind, pallidd corned ; anfractibus qua- tuor, convexis, ultimo anticé vir descendente ; apertura rotundatd ; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto. Tue pLacip Hetrx. Shell openly but middlingly umbili- cated, depressly turbinated, thin, very finely striated, diaphanous, silky, pale horny; whorls four, convex, last whorl a little descending in front; aperture rounded ; lip simple, straight, sharp. SuurrtewortH, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 6. Mem. Conch. pl. 2. f. 1. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Not so largely umbilicated as the preceding species, and of more globular form. Species 918. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Textitis. Hel. testa perspective umbilicata, glo- boso-depressd, tenui, suborbiculari, corneo-flavida, in- distincté rufescente-maculatd, costulatd ; anfractibus septem, convexis, lente accrescentibus; apertura sub- verticali, lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, margini- bus conniventibus. Tue TEXTILE Hexrx. Shell perspectively umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, thin, nearly orbicular, horny-yellow, indistinctly red-spotted, finely ribbed ; whorls seven, convex, increasing slowly; aperture subvertical, lunar; lip straight, simple, margins approximating. Suurrtewortu, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 6. Mem. Conch. pl. 1. f. 11. Hab. Island of Palma, Canaries. Of much larger size than the preceding species, more depressed and more largely umbilicated. Species 919. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Rosetti. Hel. testé umbilicatd, semigloboso-conica, December, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXLIT. distinct? costulato-striatd, sordid? albidd, fascia inter- rupld rufa et maculis fuscis seriatis ornatd ; spird elevatd, conicd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, antice non descendente ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate acuto, recto, intus sub- labiato, margine columellari subdilatato, umbilicum non occultante. Roser’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, semiglobosely conical, distinctly rib-like striated, dead-white, ornamented with an interrupted red band and brown spots; spire raised, conical; whorls six, rather convex, the last obsoletely slightly angled, not descending in front ; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip sharp, straight, slightly edged inwardly, columellar margin subdi- lated, not concealing the umbilicus. Micuavp, Cat. coq. d’Algérie, p. 6. pl. 1. f. 17, 18. Helix phalerata, Webb and Berthelot. Hab. Algeria, Morea, and Canary Islands. A light prettily marked conical species, with a small deep umbilicus. Species 920. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Orpienyi. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, globoso- turbinatd, sordidé alba ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, medio obsolete angulatis, irregulariter striatis ; aper- turd rotundatd, subampld ; peristomate simplici. Orsicny’s Herrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bosely turbinated, dirty white; whorls four, convex, obsoletely angled in the middle, irregularly striated ; aperture rounded, rather large ; lip simple. Wess and Berrueror, Synopsis, p. 59. pl. 2. f. 31-33. Has. \sland of Teneriffe, Canaries. A thin white-brown species, with a rather large rounded aperture. Species 921. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx conspurcats. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, subcarinatd, corneo-cinered, minute variegatd, capil- laceo-costulatd, hispiduld ; spird viv elevatd ; anfrac- tibus quatuor ad quinque, depressis ; umbilico angusto ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, aculo, margine columellari via reflexiusculo. Tue sprinKLep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, slightly keeled, horny-ash, minutely variegated, finely ribbed, hairy; spire but little elevated; whorls four to five, depressed; umbilicus narrow; aperture ro- tundately lunar; lip straight, simple, sharp, colu- mellar margin a little reflected. Drararnaup, Hist. Moll. p. 105. pl. 7. f. 23-25. Helix hispida, Jeffrey. Hab, France, Spain. A rather depressed shell, brown-sprinkled about the upper part. Species 922. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Pompyira. Hel. testd umbilicatd, supra depressa, sublus convead, suborbiculari, arctispird, corneo-rufes- cente, subtus strigis maculisque albidis tenuissimis ful- guratim radiata, superné costulatd ; anfractibus octo, lentissimé accrescentibus, ullimo circa umbilicum erca- vato ; apertura subverticali, angust2 lunari; peristo- mate subflecuoso, acuto, simplici, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Tut Pomvyit1a Hevix. Shell umbilicated, depressed at the upper part, convex beneath, suborbicular, close-spired, radiated beneath with very fine white zigzag streaks and spots, fiuely ribbed at the upper part; whorls eight, increasing very slowly, the last excavated around the umbilicus; aperture subver- tical, narrowly lunar; lip rather flexuous, sharp, simple, margins joined by a thin callosity. SuurrLteworrs, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 6. Mem. Conch. pl. 1. f. 12. Hab. Island of Palma, Canaries. Convoluted in a peculiar vertically compressed manner, which gives to the species a very characteristic aspect. Species 923. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix oLeacea. Hel.testd suboblecté umbilicata, tenui, glo- boso-depressd, oblusé carinatd, corned, subliliter striata, maculis brunneis subseriatis strigisque pallidis ornaté ; spird subelatd; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura lunari-ovali ; peristo- mate reflewiusculo, tenui, acuto, margine columellari subdilatato. Tue onive Hevrx. Shell with a partially covered um- bilicus, thin, globosely depressed, obtusely keeled, horny, finely striated, ornamented with pale streaks and rows of brown spots; spire somewhat raised ; whorls five, rather convex, increasing gradually ; aperture lunar-oval ; lip a little reflected, thin, sharp, columellar margin somewhat dilated. SnutrLewortH, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 8. Mem. Conch. pl. 3. f. 9. Hab. Island of Palma, Canaries. Resembling ZZ. Roseti, both in form and marking, but of a more delicate horny substance. G28 Heliay, Pt. CXL. I30O I32 Species 924. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Nivarrensis. Hel. testd subobtect2 angustissine umbilicatd, globoso-conicd, carinatd, argut2 striald, sordide alba, fasciis duabus interruptis rufis maculisve fuscis seriatim ornald ; spird conicd, aculd ; anfracti- bus sex, sensim accrescentibus, planulatis, subtus planatis, caring versus aperluram evanidd ; apertura rotundato- lunari ; peristomate acuto, recto, margine columellari tenuiter dilatato. Tue Nivarta Hexrx. Shell with a very narrow, par- tially covered umbilicus, globosely conical, keeled, briskly striated, dead white, ornamented with two interrupted red bands or brown spots; spire conical, acute; whorls six, increasing slowly, rather flattened, flat beneath, keel fading away towards the aperture ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip sharp, straight, colu- mellar margin thinly dilated. SuurrLeworrn, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. Mem. Conch. pl. 3. f. 4. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Very closely allied to 47. Roseti. Species 925. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Armeniaca. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-or- biculari, convexiusculd, valide plicato-striatd, corneo et cinerascente-albido variegald ; anfractibus sex, de- pressis, ullimo angulato, breviter deflexo ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura perobliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate remote et prominule albo-labiato, margini- bus approximatis, supero recto, basali breviter reflexo. Tue ArmeNnIA Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly or- bicular, strongly plicately striated, variegated with horn and ash-white ; whorls six, depressed, the last angled, shortly deflected ; umbilicus middling, open ; aperture very oblique, nearly circular ; lip remotely and prominently white-edged, margins approximated, upper margin straight, basal margin shortly reflected. Prerrrer, Mon. Helic. viv. p. 363. Hab. Armenia. The strong plicated striae are opake ash-white upon a livid red-brown ground. Species 926. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix wisprputa. Hel. testd orbiculato-depressd, subtus converiusculd, carinatd, substriald, hispiduld, fusco- corned ; spird depresso-conicd ; anfractibus quinque, carinatis ; apertura suborbiculari, compressa ; peristo- mate refleco, acuto ; umbilico magno, patulo. HELIX, Pirate CXLIV. Tue warry Herx, Shell orbicularly depressed, rather convex beneath, keeled, substriated, hairy, brown- horny ; spire depressly conical; whorls five; aperture nearly orbicular, compressed ; lip reflected, sharp, umbilicus large, open. Carocolla hispidula, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p. 148. Hab. Islaud of Teneriffe, Canaries. A subtransparent dark horny shell, obliquely rib-like striated and slightly hairy. Species 927. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Mepa. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, supra globosé, subtus convexd, oblique costellato-striatd, albidé, fascia subferrugined interrupld maculisque obscure pict ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ullimo suhearinato ; aperturd lunari; peristomate simplici, margine colu- mellari subdilatato. Tue Mepa Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, globose above, convex beneath, obliquely rib-like striated, whitish, obscurely painted with a somewhat rusty interrupted band and spots; whorls five, convex, the last faintly keeled; aperture lunar ; lip simple, colu- mellar margin a little dilated. Porro, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1840. p. 126. Hab. Sardinia. Of simple growth, strongly plicately rib-like striated. Species 928. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix BILINEATA. nitidd, pellucida, levigatd, lutescente-corned ; spird Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressa, tenui, planiusculd ; suturd striolatd ; anfractibus quinque, vix convexiusculis, regulariter accrescentibus, ultimo subdepresso, lineis castaneis, allerd supra peripheriam, allerd suturali, ad apicem usque conspicud, ornato ; umbilico angusto ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristo- mate simplici, acuto, margine columellari brevissime reflexo. THe two-LIne Hex. thin, shining, transparent, smooth, yellowish-horny ; Shell umbilicated, depressed, spire rather flat; suture finely striated; whorls five, slightly convex, increasing regularly, the last a little depressed, ornamented with two chestnut lines, one above the periphery, the other sutural, conspicuous to the apex; umbilicus narrow; aperture obliquely lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin very shortly reflected. Pretrrer, Pro, Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 128. Hab. ? December, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CXLIV. The strong chestnut lines which characterize this species being upon a transparent olive ground, are unusually con- spicuous. Species 929. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Gyria. Hel. testé aperté umbilicata, orbiculatd, valde depressd, supra plana, radiatim striata, olivaceo- JSuscd ; spird demersd ; anfractibus septem, angustis, subeequalibus, basi convexiusculd, circa umbilicum an- gulata, levi; apertura semilunari; peristomate reflexo. Tue wHort Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicular, very depressed, flat above, radiately striated, olive- _ brown; spire coneavely sunk; whorls seven, narrow, nearly equal, rather convex at the base, angled and smooth around the umbilicus; aperture semilunar ; lip reflected. Roru, Diss. p. 16. pl. 1. f. 17, 18. Hab. Asia Minor. Of a peculiar discoid growth, with the spire sunk into a slight hollow. Species 930. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix maritima. Hel. test@ umbilicatd, convideo-globosd, subcarinatd, alba, fasciis et maculis striatis fuscis mul- timodé variante ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis ; apertura rotundato-lunatd ; peristomate recto, acuto, Susculo, intus albo-labiato. THe maritime Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conoid-glo- bose, slightly keeled, white, variously painted with brown bands and striated spots; whorls five, rather flat; aperture rotundately liar; lip straight, sharp, brownish, white-edged within. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 85. pl. 5. f. 9, 10. Hab. \slaud of Teneriffe, Canaries. This prettily-marked species is said to inhabit also the south of France. Species 931. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix rortunata. Hel. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, carinatd, striatd, via nitiduld ; spird depresso-convexi- usculd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planis, sensim ac- crescentibus, ultimo supra carinam impresso, anticd sub- dilatato, subdeflexo ; apertura perobliqud, securiformi ; peristomale subexpanso, superne acuto, basi arcuato, re- Jlexo, subincrassato, ad umbilicum modice dilatato. Tue rortunate Hexix. Shell umbilicated, lenticular, keeled, striated, a little shining ; spire depressly con- vex ; whorls five to six, flat, increasing gradually, last whorl impressed above the keel, slightly dilated and a little deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, hatchet-shaped ; lip rather expanded, sharp at the upper part, arched at the base, reflected, slightly thickened, moderately dilated at the umbilicus. SuurrLewortH, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 7. Mem. Conch. pl. 2. f. 4. Hab. \sland of Teneriffe, Canaries. The keel of this species is rather high up on the whorls, giving a flattened lens-like aspect to the spire. Species 932. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex arricta. el. testd umbilicatd, discoided, lutes- cente-corned, subpellucidd, minutissime striata, nitidd ; spird pland ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planis, acu- tissimé albo-carinatis, ultimo subtus medio convexius- culo, circa umbilicum mediocrem, pervio, obtuse? angu- lato ; apertura perobliqud, securiformi ; peristomate superne simplici, acuto, basi arcuato, reflexo. THE FRAMED Hetrix. Shell umbilicated, discoid, yel- lowish-horny, subtransparent, very minutely striated, shining ; spire flat; whorls five to six, flat, very sharply white-keeled, last whorl rather convex in the middle beneath, obtusely angled round the umbilicus, which is middling and open; aperture very oblique, hatchet-shaped; lip simple and sharp at the upper part, arched and reflected at the base. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 66. f. 5. Carocolla planaria, Lamarck. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Resembling the preceding species, but more sharply keeled. Species 933. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix potymorpena. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-py- ramidatd, striata, granulis confertis magis minusve ex- asperatd, superne fusco et albo marmoratd, basi sordidé alba, fusco-fasciatad; anfractibus septem ad octo, planu- latis, ultimo acute carinato, anticé subgibbo, subitd de- Jflewo, basi convexiusculo, interdum sublevigato ; umbi- lico infundibuliformi ; apertura perobliqua, subcircu- lari ; peristomate simplici, marginibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, basali reflexo. Tue muLtirorm Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly pyramidal, striated, more or less granulated, marbled about the upper part with brown and white, dirty white at the base, banded with brown; whorls seven to eight, rather flat, last whorl sharply keeled, slightly gibbous in front, suddenly deflected, rather convex, and sometimes smooth at the base; umbilicus fan- nel-shaped ; aperture very oblique, nearly circular ; lip simple, with the margins approximated, joined by a thin callosity, basal margin reflected. Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 54. pl. 6. f. 11-16. Hab. Madeira. A characteristic granulated subconical species, with a rounded enamelled aperture. * } Helix, Pl. CXL V. I38.b HELIX. Piate CXLV. “ Species 934. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix Ravenrerensts. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso- depressd, tenui, subtiliter rugoso-striata, sub lente gra- nulatd, corneo-albidd, pellucida, fascid latd subopacd albidé ad suturam, angustiore albd ad peripheriam, ornata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo antice subdeflexo ; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate acuto, expanso, intus calloso-albo, acute labiato, mar- gine columellari dilatato, umbilicum angustum pervium semitegente. Tue Raverctan Herix. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, thin, finely rugosely striated, granulated beneath the lens, horny-white, transparent, orna- mented with a broad whitish subopake band at the suture, and a narrow white band at the periphery; whorls six, rather convex, the last a little deflected in front; aperture lunar-rounded; lip sharp, ex- panded, callous-white within, sharply edged, colu- mellar margin dilated, half-covering the umbilicus which is uarrow and open. Ferussac, Bull. Zool. 1835, p. 21. Helix limbata, Krynicki. Feliz Caucasica, Pfeiffer. Hab. Caucasia. Of an extremely delicate transparent straw-colour, stri- ated and banded with opake-white. Species 935. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix numMus. Hel. testé subumbilicatd, depressissind, subdiscoided, acute carinatd, tenuiusculd, conferlim ru- goso-striatd, superné albido et fusco variegatd, basi pal- lide lividé ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planis, non exsertis, ultimo basi vix ventricosiore, anticé non descendente ; aperturd depressd, angulato- lunari; peristomate tenui, marginibus subparallelis, supero recto, basali breviter reflexo, columellari vie di- latato, refleco, appresso. Tue money Hertx. Shell slightly umbilicated, very de- pressed, subdiscoid, sharply keeled, very thin, closely roughly striated, variegated on the upper part with brown and white, pale livid at the base; spire but little raised ; whorls five to six, flat, not exserted, the last scarcely more ventricose at the base, not descending in front; aperture depressed, angular- lunar ; lip thin, margins nearly parallel, upper margin straight, basal margin shortly reflected, columellar margin a little dilated, reflected, appressed. EnRENBERG, Symb. Phys. Moll. Pfeiffer, Hel. viv. vol. 1. p- 209. Heliz Hedenborgi, Pfeiffer. Hab. Syria, Egypt. Peculiarly characterized on the upper part with a pro- fusion of curved opake-white strie upon a subtransparent horny ground. ‘The keel is also opake-white. Species 936. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PRATENSIS. vexd, ruguloso-striatd, albidd, fasctis castaneis cincté , Fel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- spirad subelevata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo antic viz descendente; umbilico mediocri, percio ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate expanso, intus remote albo-labiato, marginibus conniventibus, columel- lari dilatato. Toe MeEapow Heurx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, rugulosely striated, whitish, encircled with two chestnut bands; spire somewhat raised ; whorls six, rather convex, the last slightly descending in front; umbilicus middling, open; aperture rotun- dately lunar; lip expanded, remotely white-edged within, margins approximating, columellar margin dilated. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 132. Hab. Banks of the river Tortoom, Asiatic Russia. Not very unlike the widely-distributed //. similaris. Species 937. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Bernencourtiana. Hel. testa obtecté umbilicata, tenui, orbiculato-depressd, lutescente-fuscd, fasciis quin- que brunneis interdum confluentibus vel obsoletia or- natd, eleganter plicato-costatd, costis levibus; spird depress ; anfractihus quatuor ad quingue, convexius- culis, ultimo anticé subitd deflezo ; apertura subhort- zontali, subovali ; peristomate acuto, expanso, reflexo, fusco-violaceo, marginibus conniventibus, basali calloso. Beruencourt’s Hexrx. Shell obtusely umbilicated, thin, orbicularly depressed, yellowish-brown, ornamented with five brown bands, sometimes flowing together, December, 1852. HELIX.—Ptate CXLV. sometimes obsolete, elegantly plicately ribbed, ribs smooth; spire depressed ; whorls four to five, rather conyex, last whorl suddenly deflected in front; aper- ture nearly horizontal, suboval ; lip sharp, expanded, reflected, brown-violet, margins approximating, basal margin callous. Suvurrteworra, Diag. Mollusken, No. 1. p. 9. Mem. Conch, pl. 5. f. 3. Hab. Island of Teneriffe, Canaries. Apparently distinct from H. plicaria, though belonging to the same exact type. Species 938. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX sPLENDIDA. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicatd, globoso- depressd, albidd, leviusculd, fasciis fuscis seepe evanes- centibus vel superné confluentibus ornata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, celeriter accrescen- tibus, ultimo antice subdeflexo ; apertura lata, ovali ; peristomate recto, albo-labiato, margine columellari di- latato, umbilicum angustissimum obtegente. Tue spLeNDID Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globosely depressed, whitish, rather smooth, orna- mented with five brown bands, often fading or flow- ing into each other at the upper part; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing quickly, the last a little deflected in front; aperture broadly oval; lip straight, white-edged, columellar margin dilated, co- vering a very narrow umbilicus. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 98. pl. 6. f. 9-11. Hab. Southern France and Spain. A light strongly banded species, the bands being very irregular, according to the different varieties. Species 939. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Graiistana. Hel. testa imperforaté, globosa, luteo-corned, tenui, oblique leviter striata ; anfractibus quatuor, ultimo ceteris duplo majore, zonis ex maculis rufo-fuscis seriatim dispositis ornato ; labro tenui, colu- mellé et peristomate carneis. Gras’ Hexrx. . Shell imperforated, globose, yellowish- horny, thin, obliquely lightly striated; whorls four, the last twice as large as the rest, ornamented with five red-spotted zones; lip thin, columella and lip flesh-tinged. Presrrrer, Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 437. Helix Grateloupi, Greells (not of Pfeiffer). Hab. \sland of Majorca. The zones articulated red-brown and white, and the flesh-tinged enamel of the columella, are characteristic features in this species. Species 940. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix crrcumornata. Hel. testé imperforata, globoso- depressa, glabra, alba, fascid unica rufa in medio, et seriebus macularum aurantio-fuscarum cingulald ; an- Sractibus quatuor, planulatis, ultimo inflato ; apertura lunato-ellipticd, intus fusculd ; peristomate subreflexo. THE ENcrRcLED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, smooth, white, encircled with a single red band in the middle, and with three rows of orange- brown spots; whorls four, rather flat, the last in- flated; aperture lunar-elliptic, brownish within ; lip a little reflected. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 41. f. 2. Hab. ——? The rows of spots are mostly broken up into waved flames. Species 941. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Ercuwaupi. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, ru- guloso-striatd, nitidd, albidd, punctis corneis conspersa et corneo-bifasciatd ; spird planiusculd ; anfractibus sex, viz convexiusculis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; umbilico latiusculo, pervio ; aperturd perobliqua, fere circulari ; peristomate expanso, intus remote et prominenter albo- labiato, marginibus acutis, fere contiguis. Ercuwa.p’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, roughly striated, shining, whitish, sprinkled with horny spots, and two-banded with horn; spire rather flat; whorls six, slightly convex, the last deflected in front; um- bilicus rather broad, open; aperture very oblique, almost circular; lip expanded, remotely and promi- nently white-edged within, margins sharp, almost contiguous. PFEIFFER, Symbole, vol. ii. p. 77. Hab. Caucasia. A bluish-white shell, encircled with two horn-brown bands, having a round expanded aperture with a strong callous ring within. Fig. 942. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured, 1. rudis, Mublfeldt, is a variety of H. arbustorum. HELIX. Pirate CXLVI. Species 943. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix arBustorum. Hel. testd subobtect2 umbilicaté, depresso-globosd, tenui, concentrice minutissime striata, longitudinaliter, presertin ad suturam, ruguloso-stria- tula, fusca, stramineo conspersa, plerumque rufo-unifas- ciatd ; spird magis minusve elevatd ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo anticé via descendente ; apertura lu- nato-rotundatd ; peristomate candide labiato, margine supero expanso, basali refleco, ad umbilicum dilatato. Tue tree Hewx. Shell with a partially covered umbi- licus, depressly globose, thin, concentrically very mi- nutely striated, longitudinally, especially at the suture, roughly striated, brown, sprinkled with straw-colour, generally red-banded ; spire more or less raised ; whorls six, convex, the last a little descending in front; aperture lunar-rounded; lip white-edged, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, dilated at the umbilicus. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) p. 771. Helia castanea, Muhlfeldt. Helix rudis, Mublfeldt. Cochlea unifasciata, Costa. Helix Wittmanni, Lawadsky. Helix Xatartii, Farini. Helix alpestris, Ziegler. Helix turgidula, Wood. Hal. Europe. Widely distributed under various aspects, not differing particularly in colour, throughout Europe. Species 944. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx marmorata. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressd, lutescente-corned, interrupt? fasciatd, fusculo albidoque marmorata ; anfractibus quinque, viv con- veviusculis, ultimo anticd defleco ; apertura late lu- nari; peristomate simplici, intus roseo, marginibus conniventibus, dextro patulo, columellari appresso, sub- dilatato, levigato. THe MARBLED Hetix. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pessed, yellowish-horny, interruptedly five-banded, marbled with light brown and white; whorls five, but little convex, the last deflected in front; aperture broadly lunar; lip simple, pinkish within, margins approximating, right margin patulate, columellar margin appressed, subdilated, smooth. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 40. f. 8. Hab. Gibraltar. The bands below the periphery are firm and distinct, whilst those above it are broken up into marbling. Fig. 945. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, illustrative of H. Repellini, Chapentier, must we fear be regarded as a variety of H. arbustorum. It is of a more depressly orbicular growth and the umbilicus is only partially overlaid; but all its essential details of cha- racter are the same. Species 946. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Carica. Hel. testé lat2 umbilicatd, depresso-orli- culatd, obtus? carinatd, supra sericind, sublilissime de- cussala, seriatim granulatd, striata, corneo-lutescente, sublus levi, corneo-albescente, luteo-radiald ; sutura profundd ; anfractibus quinque, converiusculis ; aper- turd oblique lunato-ovali ; peristomate acuto, recto, intus calloso, potius labiato, labio albo, externé luteo- pellucente. Tne Cartan Hewrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, silky above, very finely decussated, seriately granulated, striated, horny-yellow, smooth beneath, horny-white, yellow-rayed ; suture deep ; whorls five, rather convex; aperture obliquely lunar- oval ; lip sharp, straight, callous within, rather edged, edge white, outwardly transparent yellow. Roru, Diss. p. 17. pl. 1. f. 6, 7, 21. Hab. Caria, Asia Minor. Of a somewhat tropical aspect, elaborately granulated on the upper surface, smooth below. Species 947. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hewix sytvatica. Hel. testa depresso-globosd, albido- lutescente, striata, quadrifasciald, fasciis sepe maculose interruptis, vel confluentibus; anfractibus quingue, con- ceriusculis, ultimo antic? viz descendente ; apertura lunato-rotundaté ; peristomate viz patulo, recto, labi- ato, margine columellari callo introrsum viz dilatato munito maculdque umbilicali plerumque violaceo-rufis. December, 1852. HELIX.—Puate CXLVI. Tue woop Hetrx. Shell depressly globose, whitish- yellow, striated, four-banded, bands often interrupted in blotches or flowing together; whorls five, rather convex, the last a little descending in front; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip slightly patulate, straight, edged, columellar margin furnished inwardly with a subdi- lated callosity and with an umbilical spot which are generally violet-red. DrapaRNavp, Hist. Moll. p. 93. pl. 6. £1, 2. Helix signata, Férussac. Helix mutabilis, Hartmann. Hab. France and Switzerland. The bands vary in number from three to five, and fre- quently flow broadly into each other. Species 948. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hevix atroLaBrata. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso- globosd, solidd, ruguloso-striatd, epidermide sordide fla- vescente induta, nigro-trifasciatd ; spird exsertd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ul- timo anticé valde deflexo; apertura transversim dila- tatd, lunari; peristomate late expanso, intus atro- brunnescente, marginibus callo nigro, introrsum diffuso, junctis, basali reflexo, lato, plano, medio subincrassalo. THE BLACK-LIPPED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressly globose, solid, roughly striated, covered with a dull yellowish epidermis, encircled with three black bands ; spire exserted, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last much deflected in front; aperture transversely dilated, lunar; lip broadly expanded, black-brown within, margins joined by a black eallosity which is diffused inwardly, basal margin dilated, broad, flat, rather thickened in the middle. Krynicxt, Bull. Mose. vol. vi. p. 425. pl. 9. Hab. Caucasia. Closely allied to the preceding species, though larger and stouter, and conspicuously enamelled with brown- black. Species 949. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) Hewix Vinpoponensis. Hel. testd imperforata, subglo- bosd, costulato-striaté, luteo-alba vel luted, fasciata ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé bre- viter defleco ; apertura late subangulato-lunari ; peri- stomate late expanso, hepatico, marginibus approximatis, columellari strictiusculo, albo-labiato, basi replicatim adnato. Tue Vienna Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, rib-like striated, yellowish-white or yellow, four- banded ; whorls five, rather convex, the last shortly deflected in front; aperture broadly subangularly lunar ; lip broadly expanded, liver-coloured, margins approximated, columellar margin rather drawn out, white-edged, folded back at the base. Helix sylvatica, var. Vindobonensis, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 32 A. f. 6, 7. Helix Vindobonensis, C. Pfeiffer. Helix mutabilis, Hartmann. Helix Austriaca, Muhifeldt. Helix arvensis, Krynicki. Hab. Austria. Chiefly distinguished from H. sylvatica by its more glo- bose form. 951. a Helix, Pl CLLVH HELIX. Pirate CXLVII. Species 950. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Constantina. Hel. testa imperforatd, subglobosé, striatuld, nitidd, albidé, fasciis interdum obsoletis fuscis vel rufis ornatd ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; pe- ristomate simplici, albo, sublabiato, late expanse, mar- gine columellari strictiusculo, subdentato. Tue ConsTanTINE HeELIx. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, finely striated, shining, whitish, ornamented with five sometimes obsolete brown or red bands; whorls five, convex, the last deflected in front; aper- ture rotundately lunar; lip simple, white, slightly edged, broadly expanded, columellar margin rather drawn out, slightly toothed. Forbes, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1838. Helix Cirte, Terver. Hab. Province of Constantina, Algiers. Distinguished from H. vermiculata chiefly by its short globose form. Species 951. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx cespitum. Hel. testa umbilicatd, globoso-depressa, striatd, alba, plerumque fusco-multifasciatd ; spird parum elevatd, obtusa ; anfractibus sex, convexriusculis, ultimo magno, tereti, anticé vix descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura lunato-rotundatd ; peristo- mate recto, acuto, albo-labiato, marginibus conniventi- bus, columellari subdilatato, patente. Tue turF Herix. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, striated, white, generally many-banded with brown; spire but little raised, obtuse; whorls six, rather convex, the last large, terete, searcely descend- ing in front; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip straight, acute, white-edged, mar- gins approximating, columellar margin subdilated, open. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 109. pl. 16. f. 14, 15. Helix fasciolata, Poiret. Helicella Eurythmia, Hartmann. Hab. Southern Europe. The form of this species is rather depressed and inclined to discoid, the band-painting being extremely variable. Species 952. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Enrensercr. el. testd obtect2 umbilicatd, glo- boso-depressd, transvers2 dilatald, calcared, crassa, so- lida; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ultimo ventricoso ; aperlurd angulosa, latiore quam alta ; peristomale rec- to, superstructo, margine columellari stricto, calloso, gibbo, albo, fauce fusca. Enrensere’s Herrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globosely depressed, transversely dilated, ealeareous, thick, solid; whorls four to five, the last ventricose ; aperture angular, broader than high; lip straight, built upon, columellar margin drawn out, callous, gibbous, white, interior brown. Roru, Diss. p. 12. pl. 1. f. 15. Helix irregularis, var. Pérussac. Hab. Banks of Lake Mareotis, Egypt. A white chalk-like shell, peculiarly irregularly wrinkled and indented, brown-stained in the interior. Species 953. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Gcurrata, Hel. testa obtecté umbilicata, depressa, superne planiusculd, basi convexiore, tenui, costulato- striatd, grised, interrupté fusco-fasciaté ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, ultimo antic® viz de- Jflexo ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate expanso, intus sublabiato, marginibus conniventibus, columellari dilatato, regionem umbilicalem prorsus tegente. Tue MoTTLED Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressed, rather flat about the upper part, more con- vex at the base, thin, rib-like striated, grey, inter- ruptedly brown-banded ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last a little deflected in front; aperture ro- tundately lunar; lip expanded, slightly edged, mar- gins approximating, columellar margin dilated, alto- gether covering the region of the umbilicus, Oxivier, Voy. Levant, vol. ii. p. 334. pl. 31. f. 8. Hab. Syria, Egypt. Peculiarly characterized by an edging prominence of the whorls at the suture. Species 954. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx sprripLana. Hel. tesld umbilicaté, suborbiculato- depressd, oblique sulcato-plicatd, olivaceo-lutescente, al- February, 1853. HELIX.—Ptare CXLVII. bido-subflammulata, maculoso-subfasciatd ; anfractibus quingue, supremis planulatis, carinatis, ultimo rotun- dato, anticé subitd deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, trans- vers? ovali ; peristomate albo-labiato, marginibus sub- contiguis, callo elevato junctis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato, umbilicum semitegente. FLATTENED SPIRE Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, sub- orbicularly depressed, obliquely groove-plaited, olive- yellowish, white-flamed and interruptedly five-banded ; whorls five, the uppermost flattened, keeled, the last rounded, suddenly deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, transversely oval; lip white-edged, margins nearly contiguous, joined by a raised callosity, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar margin dilated, half-covering the umbilicus. Oxivier, Voy. Levant, vol. i. p. 415, pl. 17. f. 7. Hab. Islands of Crete and Rhodes. This appears to be a variety of the preceding species, in which the whorls are more widely convoluted, and the umbilicus only partially covered by the columellar margin. THE Species 955. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hex vactea. Hel. testé imperforatd, globoso-depressi, transverse dilatatd, albidi vel lutescente, plerumque rufo-fasciatd, lacteo-atomatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, summis planulatis, ultimo convexo, antic? deflexo; apertura perobliqud, late lunari; peristomate incrassato, obtuso, sublabiato, reflexo, margine columel- lari stricto, calloso, gibbo, fauce et peristomate casta- neis. Tue CREAM-coLourED Heix. Shell imperforated, glo- bosely depressed, transversely dilated, whitish or yellowish, generally red-banded and white-punctured ; | whorls four to five, the uppermost flattened, the last convex, deflected in front; aperture very oblique, broadly lunar; lip thickened, obtuse, slightly edged, reflected, columellar margin drawn out, callous, gib- bous, lip and interior of the aperture chestnut. Mu.zer, Verm. Hist. Nat. vol. ii. p. 19. Helix faux-nigra, Chemnitz. Helix punctata, Miiller. Hab, Southern Europe and North Africa. Extremely variable in painting and in size, but always characterized by the chestnut-black enamel of the aperture. Species 956. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx EreMopuita. Hel. testd subprofunde umbilicata, orbiculari-depressd, subdiscoidea, calcareo-albd ; spird planulatd, suturd distinctd ; anfractibus quingue, sub- rotundatis, irregulariter malleatis et corrugalis ; aper- turd parviusculd, oblique horizontali, subcirculari ; peri- stomate tenui, marginibus conniventibus, fauce fusces- cente tincld. P THE SOLITUDE-LOVING Hexix. Shell rather deeply um- bilicated, orbicularly depressed, rather discoid, chalk- white ; spire rather flattened, suture distinct; whorls five, somewhat rounded, irregularly indented and wrinkled ; aperture rather small, obliquely horizontal, nearly circular; lip thin, margins approximating, in- terior stained with brown. Borssrer, (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Palestine. In the chalk-white substance, in the peculiar crinkling of the surface, and in the coloured interior, this shell re- sembles H. Lhrenbergi, but it is widely different in form. Species 957. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx macrostoma. Hel. testa aperté umbilicatd, orbi- culato-depressd, opaci, superné subtilissimé granulata, flavescente, rufo-unizonatd ; anfractibus quingue, vix convexiusculis, ultimo antice descendente ; aperturd late lunari ; peristomate late reflexo, albo-labiato, palato subincrassato. Tue LonG-mMouTH Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, opake, very finely granulated at the upper part, yellowish, with a single red zone; whorls five, rather convex, the last descending in front; aperture broadly lunar; lip broadly reflected, white-edged, palate rather thickened. MvuuLretpt, in Mus. Cs. Vindobonensis; Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. 4. p. 1. f. 216. Helix planospira, Philippi. Helix Siculina, Ziegler. Helix pervia, Mublfeldt. Helix cryptozona, Ziegler. Hab. Sicily. This shell partakes somewhat of a tropical aspect. ISI. I6/.a 963. Helix, Pl. CXLVIT. 506.6 I67.b. 904 a 964.0 HELIX. Pirate CXLVIII. Species 958. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Arapica. Hel. testd imperforatd, globosd, albida, solidd, minutissimé striata, fasciis fuscis interruptis albo-punctatis ornatd ; anfractibus quinque, planius- culis, lente accrescentihus, ultimo antice inflato, subitd deflexo ; aperturé angustatd, intus castaned ; peristo- mate albo-labiato, marginibus subparallelis, dextro ex- panso, basali dilatato, gibbo, unidentato. Tue Arapic Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, whitish, solid, very minutely striated, ornamented with white- punctured interrupted brown bands ; whorls five, rather flat, increasing slowly, the last inflated in front, suddenly deflected; aperture narrow, chestaut within; lip white-edged, margins nearly parallel, right mar- gin expanded, basal dilated, gibbous, one-toothed. TerveER, Catalogue, p. 14. pl. 2. f. 1, 2. Hab. Atlas mountains, North Africa. A rather solid bepunctured shell, with a prominent tooth in the aperture. Species 959. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Seetzent. Hel. testd angustissimé umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, soliduld, cretaced, striata ; spird parum elatd, vertice subtili; anfractibus quingue ad sea, con- veviusculis, ultimo ventroso, antice parum descendente, apertura lunari-subcirculari, intus alba ; peristumate recto, acuto, intus labiato, marginibus convergentibus, columellari subdilatato, valde arcuato. Seetzen’s Hexix. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly globose, rather solid, chalky, striated; spire but little raised, fine at the apex; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last ventricose, but little de- scending in front; aperture lunar-subcircular, white within ; lip straight, sharp, edged within, margins converging, columellar margin subdilated, much arched. Kocu, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 14. Hab. On the shores of the Dead Sea, between Dschidda and Jericho; Seetzen. A dead white calcareous shell, of simple growth. Fig. 506 4. (Mus. Cuming.) A variety of Helix Hispanica, described and figured at Pl. XCIII. Species 960. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Dovorertana. Hel. testa imperforata, subgloboxd, albida, rugulis et lineis spiralibus subopacd, interdum Susco-fasciala vel concolore ; anfractibus quingue, su- premis planulatis, ullimis duobus convexis, ullimo antice subild valde deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lal2 lunari ; peristomate fusculo-albido, reflexo, acuto, sublabiato, margine columellari strictiore, gibbo, fauceque cas- taneis. Duporer’s Hextx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, whitish, subopake, with fine wrinkles and spiral lines, sometimes with five brown bands, or entirely brownish ; whorls five, the uppermost rather flat- tened, the last two convex, the last suddenly much deflected in front; aperture very oblique, broadly lunar; lip brownish-white, reflected, sharp, sub- lipped, columellar margin more drawn out, gibbous, and with the interior chestnut. Terver, Catalogue, p. 13. pl. 1. f. 4-6. Helix Zaffarina, Terver. Hah. North Africa. The white specimen selected for representation in the ac- companying plate is the more frequent state of the species. Species 961. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Botsstert. el. testa obtect2 umbilicata, conico- globosd, crassé, irregulariter striata, nitiduld, creta- ced ; spird elevatd, apice obtusa ; anfraclibus quingue, convexiusculis, ullimo antice deflexo, rugato, constricto, basi impresso ; apertura perobliqud, parould, securi- Sormi, latere dextro angulato ; peristomate labio crasso albo munito, marginibus callo lenui supra wmbilicum expanso junctis, labio marginis basalis arcuato, dilatato, versus dextrum atlenuato, margine supero tuberculis crassis subconfluentibus instructo. Botsster’s Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, co- nically globose, thick, irregularly striated, shining, chalky ; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, rather convex, last whorl deflected in front, wrinkled, constricted, impressed at the base; aperture very oblique, rather small, hatchet-shaped, angulated on the right side; lip thick, white-edged, margins joined by a iain callosity, expanded above the umbilicus, edge of the basal margin arched, dilated, attenuated February, 1853. HELIX.—Puiate CXLVIII. towards the right, furnished upon the upper margin with two thick tubercles flowing together. Cuarpentier, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 133. Hab. Arabia Petriea. Singularly characterized by the hatchet-shaped contrac- tion of the aperture. Species 962. (Mus, Cuming.) Hevix vermicutata. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-de- pressa, lutescente, lineolis punctisque incrassatis albis, Sasciisque rufis superis sepissime teniatis varie ornata ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo antice de- flewo; apertura perobliquad, late lunari; peristomate albo, late refleco, margine columellari strictiusculo, cal- loso. THE WoRM-EATEN Hextx. Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, yellowish, variously ornamented with white thickened lines and punctures and red bands, the uppermost often filleted; whorls five, rather convex, the last deflected in front; aperture very oblique; broadly lunar; lip white, broadly reflected, columel- lar margin rather drawn out, callous. Mutter, Verm. Hist. Nat. vol. ii. p. 20. Helix lactea, Hartmann. Helix thalassina, Porro. Hab. Southern Europe. The surface of this fine species is peculiarly characte- rized by a multitude of oblique worm-like indentations. Species 963. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLrx nieroGtypHicuta. Hel. testd imperforatd, de- pressd, solidd, nitidd, albido-carned, fusco-atomatd, fasciis nigro-fuscis, superioribus plerumque maculose interruptis ornald ; spird convead, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planis, summis carinatis, ultimo antice valde defleco; apertura ovato-lunari, subhori- zontali, intus castaned ; peristomate obtusato, margini- bus subparallelis, dextro leviter arcuato, columellari strictiore, calloso, gibbo. THE uiERoGLYPHIC Hewrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressed, solid, shining, whitish-flesh, brown-pune- tured, ornamented with four to five black-brown bands, the upper ones being generally spot-inter- rupted; spire convex, obtuse; whorls four to five, flat, the uppermost keeled, the last much deflected in front ; aperture ovately lunar, subhorizontal, chestnut within ; lip obtuse, margins nearly parallel, right margin shortly arched, columellar margin more drawn out, callous, gibbous. Micuavp, Cat. Moll. d’Alger. Hab. North Africa. Chiefly distinguished by the freckled character of a light epidermis, which makes the upper bands appear broken up into spots. Species 964. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HeLix peserToRUM. Hel. testd subobtect2 umbilicata, subglobosd, depressiusculd, longitudinaliter striaté aut leviusculd, varie coloratd et zonatd ; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, convexiusculis ; aperturad angulata, margine columellari in angulum descendente ; fauce uscd ; peristomate simplici vel reflexo. THe peserT Hevix. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, subglobose, rather depressed, longitudinally striated or rather smooth, variously coloured and zoned; whorls four to five, rather convex; aperture angled, columellar margin descending into an angle ; interior brown; lip simple or reflected: ForskakL, Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. Helix maculosa, Born. Helix irregularis, Férussac. Helix rhodia, Chemnitz. Helix Forskalii, Ehrenberg. Helix Hemprichii, Ehrenberg. Helix Hasselquistii, Ehrenberg. Hab. Deserts of Egypt, Libya, Arabia Petriea, ete. Variously dark zoned and streaked ; sometimes without marking. Helis PL. CELIXZ. a HELIX. Piate CXLIX. Species 965. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix 1sopon. Hel. testa subampliter umbilicatd, lenti- culari, fulvo-fuscd ; spird subelevaté, dens? tenuistri- até ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo carinato, antic valde deflexo; apertura transvers? trigono-ovata; peristomate expanso-reflexo, marginibus continuis, den- tibus tribus aut quatuor ad basalem, dente magno la- melliformi ad parietem oppositam. THE EQUAL-TOOTHED Heix. Shell somewhat largely umbilicated, lenticular, fulvous-brown; spire some- what raised, densely finely striated ; whorls five, con- vex, the last keeled, much deflected in front; aper- ture transversely triangularly ovate; lip expandedly reflected, margins continuous, with three to four teeth | on the basal margin, and one large lamelliform tooth on the opposite wall. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hah. West Columbia. A very prominently-toothed species, of a livid fulvous- brown colour, with the edge of the aperture continuous and prominently expanded. Species 966. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Beryrensis. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-glo- bosi, tenui, subpellucidd, luteo-fulvicante, minutissine granulatd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo magno, obsolete angulato ; umbilico angusto ; apertura lunato-rotundatd ; peristomate simplici, intus labiato, margine columellari reflexo, basali et dextro vir expansis. Tue Beyrour Herrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, thin, subtransparent, yellowish-fulvous, very minutely granulated ; whorls five to six, rather flat- tened, the last large, obsoletely angled ; umbilicus narrow; aperture lunar-rounded; lip simple, edged within, columellar margin reflected, basal and right margins a little expanded. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 260. Helix granulata, Roth. Hab. Beyrout, Syria. Of an uniform light fawn colour, without spot or mark- ing. Species 967. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx picuroa. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depressi, tenui, oblique striata, lineis confertis sub lente decussata, pallid? corned, diaphand, cingulis permultis opacis albis interruplis ornata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, ul- timo anticé deflero, busi convexo ; umbilico angusto ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate tenui, margin- bus conniventibus, supero expansiusculo, basali breci- simé reflexo, columellari dilatato, nitido, reflero. Tue tTWo-coLtoureD Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, thin, obliquely striated, decussated beneath the lens with close-set lines, pale horny, dia- phanous, ornamented with many interrupted opake white bands; whorls six, rather convex, the last de- flected in front, convex at the base; umbilicus nar- row; aperture lunar-circular; lip thin, margins ap- proximating, upper margin a little expanded, basal very shortly reflected, columellar dilated, shining, re- flected. PFEIFFER, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 76. Had. Shanghai, China; Fortune. The opake-white bands above described exist only in the epidermis, and are sometimes wanting. Species 968. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Launcestonensis. Hel. testa subprofundé um- bilicatd, obtuse conicd, supra ferrugineo-fuscd, rugis tenuibus lirisque granulatis nigricantibus cingulata, infra corned, nitente, nigro et luteo vivid? fasciaté ; anfractibus quingue, concexiusculis, supernd leviler de- pressa, ullimo paululum deflexo ; apertura transverse semilunari ; peristomate vir reflero, purpurascente. Tne Launceston Heurx. Shell rather deeply umbili- cated, obtusely conical, rusty-brown above, encircled with fine wrinkles and blackish granulated ridges, horny and shining beneath, vividly banded with black and yellow; whorls five, rather convex, slightly de- pressed at the upper part, last whorl a little de- flected ; aperture transversely semilunar ; lip scarcely reflected, purple-tinged. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1852. Hab. Launceston, Van Diemen’s Land; Gunn. For the discovery of this interesting species, which pre- sents a different set of typical characters from any hitherto February, 1853. HELIX.—Puate CXLIX. known group, we are indebted to the researches of Mr. Ronald C. Gunn. Species 969. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx pisutcata. Hel. testd ampliter umbilicatd, So- lariiformi, peculiariter tenue corrugato-striald, striis subdistantibus concentricis incisis decussatd, vivide oli- vaced, nitente, apice rufescente; spird convexo-depressa ; anfractibus sex, ad suturam breviplicatis, deinde declivi- convexis, ultimo sulco amplo superficiario supra et infra notato ; umbilico perspectivo, intus plicato-corrugato ; apertura sublunari ; peristomate simplici, intus per sulcum peculiariter verruco-dentato. THE DOUBLE-GROOVED Hex. cated, Solarium-shaped, peculiarly finely wrinkle-stri- ated, decussated with rather distant engraved striz, bright olive, shining, tinged with red at the apex; spire convexly depressed ; whorls six, puckered at the suture, then slantingly convex, last whorl marked above and below by a large superficial groove ; umbi- licus perspective, plicately wrinkled within; aperture sublunar ; lip simple, peculiarly wart-toothed within along the ridge formed by the impressed groove. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land; Gunn. Another very peculiar typical species, collected also by Mr. Gunn in the above-named country. Species 970. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Minerva. Hel. testé profundé umbilicatd, de- presso-orbiculari, tenuiculd, subtilissimé striatd et mal- leatd, lutescente, versus apicem purpurascente-lividd, Sascid intense castaned angustd supra et infra cingu- laté ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-converis, ultimo acute Shell largely umbili- | carinato ; apertura lunari ; peristomate simplici, mar- gine columellari sublate dilatato. Tue Minerva Hevix. Shell deeply umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, rather thin, very finely striated and indented, yellowish, tinged with purple-livid towards the apex, and encircled above and below with a nar- row dark chestnut band; whorls four, flatly convex, the last sharply keeled; aperture lunar; lip simple, columellar margin rather broadly dilated. PreiFrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Island of Celebes ? A shell of simple character, but yet distinct from any _ hitherto-deseribed species. Species 971. (Mus. Cuming.) Hertx Merziana. Hel. testd subampliter perspective um- bilicatd, tenuiculd, supra depresso-conicd, infra plano- concavd, castaneo-fusca, strigis luteis brevihus inter- rupltis hic illic aspersd, infra circa umbilicum lutescente, immaculatd ; anfractibus quinque, convexo-declivibus, ultimo acuté carinato, carind albidd ; apertura ovato- trapeziformi; peristomate simplici, margine basali pau- lulum reflexo. Merz’s Hexrx. Shell somewhat largely perspectively um- bilicated, rather thin, depressly-conical above, flatly concave beneath, chestnut-brown, sprinkled here and there with short interrupted yellowish streaks, yel- lowish and unspotted beneath around the umbilicus ; whorls five, convexly slanting, the last sharply keeled, the keel whitish; aperture ovately trapeziform; lip simple, basal margin a little reflected. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. St. Christoval, Solomon’s Island. Typically the same as H. Solarioides, but specifically distinct. I76. a Helix, FU. CL. I76.6 I77 I78.b _ HELIX. Prate CL. Species 972. (Mus. Cuming.) Henrx mcrassata. Hel. testé subampliter umbilicatd, subdepressd, discoided, sordidé corned; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, basi subangulato-producté ; apertura subrotundata ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conni- ventibus. Tue encrusted Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbili- cated, somewhat depressed, discoid, dirty-horny; | whorls four, convex, rather angularly produced at the base; aperture subrounded; lip simple, margins approximating. Pogy, (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Havana. The aperture of this little species is scarcely so angu- larly produced as represented in the figure. Species 973. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix sprenprputa. Hel, testé umbilicatd, depressis- sima, pallid? olivaceo-corned, nitidd, striatuld, lineis concentricis magis minusve distinctis obsolete reticu- latis; spird pland; suturd profundd; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, subplanulatis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo lato, anticé non descendente ; umbilico lato, per- spectivo ; apertura obliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus, dextro ob- | liqué descendente, antrorsum subarcuato. THE spLENDID Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, very de- pressed, pale olive-horny, shining, finely striated, ob- soletely reticulated with more or less distinct concen- tric lines; spire flat; suture deep; whorls three to four, slightly flattened, increasing quickly, the last broad, not descending in front; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, sharp, margins approximating, right margin obliquely descending, slightly arched in front. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 128. Hab. Torres Strait, Australia. A subdiscoid shining olive-horny species, hardly splen- did enough in appearance to justify its specific name. Species 974. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx morpipa. Hel. testd angusté umbilicata, globosd, tenui, corned ; suturd subimpressd, rubidd ; anfractibus quatuor, converis, ullimo obsolele fasciald ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, intus rubido- annulato, margine basali dilatalo, umbilicum partim tegente. Tue biseaseD Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bose, thin, horny; suture rather impressed, red ; whorls four, convex, the last obsoletely banded ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, lined with a red ring within, basal margin dilated, partially co- vering the umbilicus. | Morevet, (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Cuba. The red colouring noticed above is perhaps the most characteristic feature of this species. Species 975. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx avutacosprra. Tel. testd ampliter perspective umbilicatd, depressa, subdiscoided, infra concavd, striis impressis concentricis subdistantibus undique incisd, vivide olivaced, nilente ; anfractibus quatuor, concavo- declivibus ; apertura rotundato-lunari, intus verruco- dentalé ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE FURROWED-sPIRE Hexix. Shell largely perspec- tively umbilicated, depressed, somewhat discoid, con- cave beneath, engraved throughout with rather dis- tant concentric impressed strive, bright olive, shining; whorls four, concavely slanting ; aperture rotundately lunar, wart-toothed within; lip simple, sharp. PretrFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852? re Hab. New Hebrides. This belongs to the same peculiar type as H/. bisuleata of the preceding Plate from Van Diemen’s Land. The wart-like tooth, above noticed, is, in this species, too far within the shell to appear in the figure. Species 976. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Henrcrnores. Hel. testa imperforata, conicd, versus aperturam oblique productd, arcuatim striata, lutescente, plus minus pellucida vel opaco-alba, rufo- castaneo lalifasciata ; spird acula ; anfractibus gua- tuor ad quingue, plano-concexis, ad basin acute dilatatis el carinatis ; aperturé ovato-trapeciformi ; peristomate expanso-riflexo. February, 1853. HELIX.—Puate CL. Tue Hexrerxa Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conical, ob- liquely produced towards the aperture, arcuately stri- ated, yellowish, more or less transparent, or opake- white, broadly banded with red-chestnut ; whorls four to five, flatly convex, sharply dilated and keeled at the base; aperture ovately trapeziform ; lip ex- pandedly reflected. Hompron and Jacquinot, (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Isle of Tanna, New Caledonia. A very distinct and characteristic species, resembling the Helicina-form kinds of Cyclostoma. Species 977. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Eva. Hel. testd imperforatd, pyramidali-conicd, tenni, subpellucidd, oblique striatd, livido-carned ; an- fractibus quinque, plano-convevis, basi acute carinatis ; apertura ovato-trapeziformi; peristomate subincrassato. Tue Eva Hexrx. Shell imperforated, pyramidally-coni- cal, thin, somewhat transparent, obliquely striated, livid flesh-colour; whorls five, flatly convex, sharply keeled at the base; aperture ovately trapeziform ; lip slightly thickened. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Solomon’s Island. Of a peculiar livid flesh-tint, allied in form to the pre- ceding species. Fig. 978. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be the H. acuminata in finer condition than was represented at Pl]. CXXIX. Sp. 785. Species 979. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Jenynsi. Hel. testa subumbilicata, turbiniformi, strialuld, tenui, nitidd, carinatd, lacted, supra carinam unifasciald ; spird brevi, conicd, aculd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, vie convexiusculis, ultimo basi concexr- tore; aperturd angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari superné reflexiusculo, umbi- licum fere claudente. Jenyns’ Hexix. Shell slightly umbilicated, turbiniform, finely striated, thin, shining, keeled, cream-colour, with a single brown band above the keel; spire short, conical, sharp; whorls five to six, scarcely convex, the last more convex at the base; aperture angular- lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin a little reflected at the upper part, almost closing the umbi- licus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 131. Hab. \sle of Tanna, New Caledonia. Of a delicate opal-white, encircled above the periphery by a conspicuous subtransparent brown band. ISC IS3. Helix, Fl CL1 __ HELIX. Piate CLI. Species 980. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewvix Lerespvritana. el. testé umbilicald, orbiculato- depress, planospird, lenerd, pubescente, cinereo-corned, unifasciald ; anfractibus quinque, planalis, ultimo an- tice deflexo ; apertura perobliqui, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate acuto, reflexo, albido-labiato, marginibus conniventibus, curvatis. Leresvri’s Herix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, flat-spired, thin, hairy, ash-horny, one- | banded; whorls five, flattened, last whorl deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, rotundately lunar ; lip sharp, reflected, white-edged, margins approximat- ing, curved. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 69. f. 6. Helix hirsuta, Brumati. Hab. Austria. A subtransparent horny shell, granulately roughened about the upper part, smooth below. Species 981. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SETIPILA. pressd, alutaced, opacd, nigro-setulosd, fusco-corned, in albidd vittd fusco-unifasciatd, superius alterd fascia pallidé fusca ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planu- latis, ultimo via descendente ; aperturé rotundato-lu- nari; peristomate refleco, albido-labiato, marginibus remotis. THE BRISTLE-HAIRED Hettx. Shell umbilicated, orbi- cularly depressed, tanned, opake, black - bristled, brown-horny, brown-banded within a white fillet, one of the upper bands pale brown; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last scarcely descending ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip reflected, white-edged, margins distant. ZieG ER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ii. p. 2. f. 89. One of the chief characteristics of this species consists in the brown band being placed on a white fillet. The upper surface of the shell is more strongly bristled than in the preceding. Species 982. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Banatica. Hel. testé apert? umbilicaté, globoso- depress, minutissimé decussata, opacd, olivaceo-fusculd, Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-de- | | | | rufo-unifasciala ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planius- culis, ullimo non descendente, carinato, carind anticé evanescente ; apertura obliqué laté lunari ; peristomate acuto, albo-labiato, margine dextro expanso, columellari dilatato, reflexo. Banat Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, globosely depressed, very minutely decussated, opake, olive- brown, encircled with a red band; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last not descending, keeled, keel fading away in front; aperture oblique, broadly lu- nar; lip sharp, white-edged, right margin expanded, columellar margin dilated and reflected. Partscu, Mus. Ces. Vindob.; Rossmisler; Hist. Moll. vol. vil. p. 14. f. 457. Hab. Hungary. THE A subtransparent species, encircled with a characteristic band at the keel. Species 983. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrrx GuaLtTrertaNa. Hel. testé obtect2? umbilicata, su- perne pland, subtus turgidd, compresso-carinata, scabra, decussatim plicatd, albidd ; anfractibus quatuor, ex- sertis, ultimo deflexo; apertura angulatd, lunato-secu- riformi ; peristomate simplici, refleco, margine colu- mellari appresse dilatato. Gvautrer’s Heuix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, flat at the upper part, swollen beneath, compressly keeled, rough, decussately plicated, whitish; whorls four, exserted, the last deflected; aperture angled, lunar- hatchet-shaped ; lip simple, reflected, columellar mar- gin appressly dilated. Linn vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1243. Helix obversa, Born. Hab. Spain. Well characterized by its depressed Carocolla-like growth and roughened surface. Species 984. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Horrmanni. Hel. testé subprofund2 umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, tenerd, hispidd, lutescente, uni- vel obsolet® trifasciatd ; anfractibus quingue, converiuscu- lis, ultimo anticd valde deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, rotundato-ovali ; peristomate lato, reflexo, sublabiato, marginibus conniventibus, basali dilatato, calloso. April, 1853. HELIX.—Puare CLI. Horrmann’s Hlexrx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, thin, hairy, yellowish, one- or ob- soletely three-banded ; whorls five, rather convex, the last much deflected in front; aperture very ob- lique, rotundately oval; lip broad, reflected, slightly edged, margins approximating, basal margin dilated, callous. Panrrscu, Mus. Cres. Vindob.; Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iv. p. 4. f. 224. Hab. Dalmatia. A very delicate straw-coloured subtransparent shell, covered with fine hair. Species 985. (Mus. Cuming). HeELix T1er1na. Hel. testa late umbilicatd, suborbiculaté, superné planiusculd, sericind, subtiliter striald, subtus convexd, fusculo albidoque variegatd; anfractibus quin- que, planiusculis, ultimo carinato, anticée subitd deflexo ; aperturé subcirculari ; peristomate intus sublabiato, marginibus conniventibus, supero simplici, basali deflexo. THE TIGER-sPoTTED Heurx. Shell broadly umbilicated, suborbicular, rather flat at the upper part, silky, finely striated, convex beneath, variegated with brown and white ; whorls five, rather flat, last whorl keeled, suddenly deflected in front; aperture nearly circular ; lip slightly edged within, margins approximating, upper margin simple, basal reflected. Cristorort and Jan, Catal. Mant. p. 2; Rossmisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iv. p. 4. f. 226. Hab. Lombardy. Of a reddish flesh-tinge, freckled, or rather flaked, with white. Species 986. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Hispana. Hel. testd aperté umbilicatd, orbiculato- depressa, nuda, nitidd, corned, in albidd vitta rufo-uni- Jasciatd, superius fascid alterd rufa, diluté ; anfracti- bus quinque ad sex, planulatis, ultimo antic? breviter deflexo ; aperturd rotundato-lunari ; peristomate re- Jlexo, albo-labiato, marginibus remotis. Tue Spanisu Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbieu- larly depressed, naked, shining, horny, encircled with a reddish band within a white fillet, with another reddish band above; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last shortly deflected in front; aperture rotun- dately lunar; lip reflected, white-edged, with the margins distant. Lryy aus, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) p. 772. Helix vittata, Cristofori and Jan. Heliz planospira, Rossmiisler. Hab. North Italy. Of a dark burnt olive-red colour, with a flesh-white lip. * “a. : = Le ’ ae > =. — 1d IS7.a Helix, Fl. CLH _— HELIX. Piate CLI. Species 987. (Mus. Cuming). Herix Pisana. Hel. testa angustissimé umbilicaté, sub- globosd, albido-lutescente, spiraliter subtilissime lineatd, diversissimé castaneo-fasciatd et taniald ; anfractibus quingue, convewis ; apertura dilatato-lunari ; peristo- mate recto, roseo-labiato, margine columellari reflexo. Tue Pisa Hevix. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, somewhat globose, whitish-yellow, spirally finely li- neated, diversely chestnut-banded and filleted ; whorls five, convex ; aperture dilately lunar; lip straight, pink-edged, columellar margin reflected. Mutter, Vermes, vol. ii. p. 60. Helix cingenda, Montagu. Helix strigata, Dillwyn. Helix zonaria, Pennant. Helix rhodostoma, Draparnaud. Helix petholata, Olivier. Helix Alboranensis, Webb and Berthelot. Helix sardoa and albina, Ziegler. Hah. Southern Europe and North Africa. Banded according to various patterns with brown-black, and delicately tinged about the aperture with rose. Species 988. (Mus. Cuming). Hewix vircata. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, depresso- turbinatd, lavigatd, albida vel sordide lutescente, fasciis fuscis, sep? interruptis, multimode ornatd ; spird sub- elevatd, apice corned ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, con- vexiusculis, ultimo anticé via descendente ; apertura lunato-rotundatd; peristomate recto, acuto, intus fusco- labiato, marginibus conniventibus, columellari subdila- tato. Tue stripep Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly turbinated, smooth, whitish or dirty yellow, variously ornamented with brown bands, often inter- rupted; spire a little raised, horny at the apex; whorls five to six, slightly descending in front ; aper- ture lunar-rounded ; lip straight, sharp, edged with brown within, margins approximating, columellar margin dilated, open. Monracu, Test. Brit. p. 415. pl. 24. f. 1. Helix variabilis, Draparnaud. Helix striata, Beard. Helix zonaria, Donovan. Helix subalbida, Poiret. Helix obsoleta, agreabilis, and maculosa, Ziegler. Helix monilifera, Menke. Helix meridionalis, Parreyss. Helix Terverii, Michaud. Helix elegans, Brown. Helix disjuncta, Turton. Hab. Southern Europe and the British Isles. Somewhat indistinctly encireled with brown bands and lines upon a dirty white ground. Species 989. (Fig. a to d, Mus, Cuming.) Henix nemorauis. Hel. testa imperforata, subglobosd, striata, fasciatd vel concolore ; anfractibus quinque, converiusculis, ultimo antic2 descendente; apertura late angulato-lunari ; peristomate reflexo, labiato, margine dextro arcuato, columellari strictiusculo, dilatato, cal- loso, fauce et peristomate fuscis vel nigricantibus. Tue Grove Hextx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, striated, banded, or of one uniform colour; whorls five, rather convex, the last descending in front ; aperture broadly angularly lunar; lip reflected, edged, right margin arched, columellar margin rather drawn out, dilated and callous, lip and interior of the aperture brown or blackish. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1247. Helix cincta and quinquefasciata, Sheppard. Helix turturum, Stewart. Helix mutabilis, Hartmann. Helix lucifuga, Ziegler. Helix hortensis, Miiller. Helix hybrida, Poiret. Helix subglobosa, Binney. Helix libellula, Risso. | Hab. Northern and Central Europe, and the British Isles. We have selected four varieties of this well-known species, but they fail adequately to represent its numerous phases and patterns of colouring. Species 990. (Mus, Cuming.) For description of this species, see Plate CLIII. Sp. 994. April, 1853. HELIX.—Puiate CLI. ’ Species 991. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Srcana. Hel. testa imperforaté, conoideo-globo- sé, alba, rarius fusco-fasciatd, substriatd ; anfracti- bus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo ; apertura parcd, perobliqui, irregulariter rotundato- lunata ; peristomate breviter reflexo, albo-labiato, mar- ginibus approximatis, columellari gibbo. Tur Stcwran Hexrx. Shell imperforated, conoid-glo- bose, white, faintly brown-banded, substriated ; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last deflected in front ; aperture small, very oblique, irregularly ro- tundately lunar; lip shortly reflected, white-edged, margins approximating, columellar margin gibbous. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 28 B. f. 7. Helix soluta, Ziegler. Hai. Sicily. Distinguished chiefly by its un-umbilicated conically globose form. Species 992. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix sEerPentina. Hel. tesld obtecté umbilicata, glo- boso-depressa, glabriusculd, alba, serialim fusco-macu- lata et signata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, con- vexiusculis, ultimo anticé descendente, macula umbili- cali brunned; aperturé late lunari; peristomate patulo, albo-labiato. THE SERPENTINE Hevix. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, globosely depressed, rather smooth, white, marked with rows of brown spots; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last descending in front, with a brown umbilical blotch; aperture broadly lunar ; lip patulate, white-edged. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 40. f. 7. Helix undulata, Michaud. Helix Magnettii, Cantraine. Hab. Italy and Sardinia. Of a depressed form, profusely blotched and banded, with a dark brown spot in the place of the umbilicus. Helix, Fl. CLUL a a HELIX. Piate CLIT. Species 993. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIx Lapicipa. Hel. testé aperté umbilicatd, lenticulari, depressd, acute carinatd, subtilissimé granulatd, lutes- cente-corned, fusco-maculatd ; anfractibus quingue, me- dio convewiusculis, ultimo anticd subitd deflexo ;“aper- turd horizontali, transverse ovali ; peristomate continuo, soluto, margine columellari reflexo, sublabiato. THE STONE-HEWER Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, lenticularly depressed, sharply keeled,very finely gra- nuled, yellowish-horny, brown-spotted; whorls five, rather convex in the middle, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture horizontal, transversely oval; lip continuous, open, columellar margin ‘reflected, slightly edged. Linn 2vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1241. Helix affinis, Linnzus. Helix acuta, Da Costa. Carocolla lapicida, Lamarck. Helix terebra, Turton. Helix cochlea, Brown. Hab. Europe and the British Isles. Widely distributed over the continent from Sweden to Switzerland. Species 994. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Mezirensts. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso- globosa, glabra, albidd, unicolore vel maculis pallide Jfuscis subseriatis nubeculaté ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo anticé deflexo; apertura lunato- ellipticd, intus lividé ; peristomate albo, reflexo, mar- ginibus conniventibus, dextro arcuato, basali stricto, calloso. Tue Marta Hetix. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, smooth, whitish, one-coloured, or subserially | clouded with pale brown spots; whorls four, rather flat, the last deflected in front ; aperture lunar-ellip- tic, livid within; lip white, reflected, margins ap- proximating, right margin arched, basal drawn out, callous, Fervssac, Hist, Moll. pl. 25. f. 11, 12. Hab. Malta. A delicate, though rather solid species, in which the spots are wave-clouded and have a semitransparent aspect. Species 995. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Naxrana. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, oblique striata, albidd, fasciis tribus fuscis angustis su- perné cingulatd, interdum fusciore; spira subelata ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo, strictiusculo ; umbilico angusto, aperto ; apertura lu- nato-circulari ; peristomate intus albo-labiato, margini- bus approximatis. Tue Naxra Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, obliquely striated, whitish, encircled at the upper part with three narrow brown bands, some- times browner; spire a little raised; whorls five, rather flat, the last deflected in front, slightly drawn out; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture lunar-circu- lar; lip white-edged within, reflected, margins ap- proximating. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 69. f. 1. Hab, Islands of Naxia and Candia, Grecian Archipelago. The specimen here figured is Dr. Pfeiffer’s var. 8, col- lected near Suda, in the Island of Candia, by Professor Edward Forbes. Species 996. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix uirnta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-depressa, planospird, tenerd, hirtd, cinereo-corned, obsoleté uni- fasciatd ; anfractihus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo vix descendente; aperturd irregulariter late lunari; peristomate reflexo, fleruoso, candido-labiato, margine columellari recto. Tne sHaccy Herx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, flat-spired, thin, shaggy, ash-horny, obso- letely one-banded; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last descending a little; aperture irregularly broadly lunar; lip reflected, flexuous, white-edged, columellar margin straight. Menke, Synopsis, p. 76; Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ii. p. 5. f. 95, and vol. x. p. 12. f. 599. Hab. lyria and Croatia, Austria. An olive-horny species, faintly one- or two-banded, with a somewhat Indian aspect. Species 997. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Prrenaica. Hel. testa anguste umbilicaté, orbi- culato-depressé, supernd planiusculd, tenui, pellucida, olivaceo-corned ; anfractibus quingue, subplanulatis, ul- timo non descendente ; apertura lunari; peristomate acuto, reflexo, candido-labiato, margine columellari di- latato. April, 1853. HELIX.—Puarte CLIII. Tue Pyrenean Hewrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, rather flat at the upper part, thin, pellucid, olive-horny; whorls five, rather flat, the last not descending ; aperture lunar; lip sharp, reflected, white-edged, columellar margin dilated. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 111. pl. 13. f. 7. Hab, Pyrenees. Of a clear transparent olive texture, allied in form to the preceding species. Species 998. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix Faustina. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculate-con- verd, levigati, nitidd, superné luted, rufo-unifasciata, subtus fuscescente ; anfractibus quinque, vir converius- culis, ultimo antice non deflexo; apertura lunato-ro- tundaté ; peristomate albo-labiato, angulatim reflexo, marginibus subconvergentibus. ‘THe FavoureD Heuix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, smooth, shining, yellowish about the upper part, with a single red band, brownish about the lower; whorls five, but little convex, the last not de- flected in front ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip white- edged, angularly reflected, margins rather approxi- mating. Z1EGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ii. p. 4. f. 93. Varieties, Helix sativa and associata, Ziegler. Hab. Central Europe. Distinguished by a very characteristic dark red band. Species 999. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx zonata. Tel. testéd umbilicatéd, orbiculato-con- vera, olivaced, subpellucidd, fusco-unifasciatd ; anfrac- tibus quingue ad sea, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé de- scendente ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, marginibus subconniventibus, supero expanso, basali re- Jlexo, columellari dilatato. Tue zoneD Herix. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly con- vex, olive, subtransparent, with a single brown band ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last descending in front; aperture lunar-oval; lip simple, margins rather approximating, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar dilated. Sruper, Naturwiss. Anzeiger, 1820. Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 68. f. 8. Zonites planospirus, Hartmann. Hab, Piedmontese Alps. Approximating in general character to the preceding species, but of a different form. Species 1000. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Carsgouvana. Tel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, orbi- culato-depressii, albidd, maculaté quadrifasciald, subtili- ter striata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexius- culis ; apertura perobliqua, ovali ; peristomate apert2 reflexo, plerumque fusculo, sublabiato, marginibus ap- proximatis. Tue Carsgour Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly depressed, whitish, encircled with four spot-bands finely striated; whorls four to five, rather convex ; aperture very oblique, oval; lip openly re- flected, generally brownish, slightly edged, margins approximating. Helix muralis, var., Cantraine. Hab. Environs of Carseoli, Italy. Allied to H. Melitensis, but more probably a variety of the species which follows. Species 1001. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix muratis. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicatd, subde- press, superné valde rugoso-costatd, striata, albidé, Susco-maculatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, con- vexiusculis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, transversé subovali, intus fusca ; peristomate albo-la- biato, acuto, marginibus viz conniventibus, dextro ex- panso, basali levissime arcuato, reflero, appresso. THE wALL Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, rather depressed, strongly wrinkle-striated, whitish, brown-spotted; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last deflected in front; aperture very oblique, transversely suboval, brown within; lip white-edged, sharp, margins rather approximating, right margin expanded, basal very smoothly arched, reflected, ap- pressed. Mutter, Vermes, vol. ii. p. 14. Helix rugulosa, Risso. Hab. Italy and Sicily. This differs little from the preceding species except in being more depressed, and more strongly wrinkle-striated. Species 1002. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix incHoata. Hel. testd orbiculato-converd, tenui, umbilicatd, corneo-lutescente vel avellanaced, sepius pel- lucidé ; spird prominuld ; anfractibus seplem, subpla- nis, striatulis, infimo fasciato, subtus turgidulo ; aper- turd subrotundé, labro simplici, fragili. THE UNFINISHED Hextx. Shell orbicularly convex, thin, wmbilicated, horny yellow or filbert-coloured, often transparent; spire prominent; whorls seven, rather flat, finely striated, the lowest banded, rather swollen beneath; aperture nearly round, lip simple, fragile. More et, Moll. of Portugal, ». 70, pl. 70. f. 1. Hab. Portugal. A shell of simple globular form, of which the lip scarcely thickened. oe. 1 Helix, Pl. CLIV. HELIX. Piate CLIV. Species 1003. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Lecta. Hel. testd umbilicatad, globoso-depressd, tenui, oblique confertim costato-plicatd, albi, fasciis an- gustis fuscis interdum cingulatd ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo basi ventroso, antic? deflexo ; um- bilico angusto, pervio ; apertura perobliqud, subcircu- lari; peristomate intus labiato, albo, undique breviter | expanso, marginibus approximatis, callo junctis, colu- mellari dilatato. Tuer cHorce Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, thin, obliquely closely plicately ribbed, white, sometimes encircled with three narrow brown bands; whorls five, rather flat, the last ventricose at the — base, deflected in front; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture very oblique, nearly circular; lip edged within, white, shortly expanded throughout, margins approximated, joined by a callosity, columellar mar- gin dilated. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 69. f. 2. Hab. Island of Candia, Grecian Arcipelago. Beautifully sharply wrinkle-ribbed throughout. Species 1004. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx parButa. Hel. testd aperte umbilicatd, lenticu- lari, carinatd, corned, arctispird, confertim subtilis- simé costulaté ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo non descendente, antice constricto ; apertura depressa, an- gustd, lunato-trisinuatd ; peristomate flexuoso, basi re- plicato, albo-labiato, bidenticulato. THE LITTLE BEARD HeEttx. Shell openly umbilicated, lenticular, keeled, horny, close-spired, closely very finely ribbed ; whorls six, rather flat, the last not de- scending, constricted in front; aperture depressed, narrow, lunately trisinuated; lip flexuous, folded back at the base, white-edged, two-toothed. CuHarrentiER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. vii. p. 11. f. 451. Carocolla Guerini, Anton. Hab. Portugal. A small light olive-brown species, more or less ob- securely keeled. Species 1005. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX OCCIDENTALIS. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, glo- boso-depressa, ruguloso-striatd, epidermide virente-flavd hispida indutd, plerumque rufo-bizonatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, converis, sutura profundd distinc- tis, ullimo dilatato, basi convero; apertura lunato- semiovali, intus lacted ; peristomate aculo, expansius- culo, intus validé albo-labiato, margine columellari di- latato. Tue wesTeRN Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, roughly striated, covered with a slightly hairy greenish-yellow epidermis, generally two-zoned with red; whorls four to five, convex, distinct at the the suture which is deep, last whorl dilated, convex at the base; aperture lunar, semi- oval, milk-white within; lip sharp, rather expanded, strongly white-edged within, columellar margin di- lated. Recius, Revue Zool. 1845, p. 311. Helix Porrentina, Morelet. Felix Lishonensis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Portugal. A small subtransparent-greenish shell, faintly banded at the periphery. Species 1006. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Scumiptm. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato- convexiusculd, solida, fusca, rugoso-striatd, straminev vel albido variegata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, con- vexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo anticé viz deflero ; umbilico mediocri, percio ; aperturé rotundato-lunari, fauce fuscd ; peristomate albo-labiato, marginibus con- niventibus, supero vie expanso, basali breviter reflexo, columellari viz dilatato. Scumip1’s Het1x. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly rather convex, solid, brown, wrinkle-striated, variegated with white or straw-colour; whorls five to six, con- vex, increasing slowly, last whorl a little deflected in front; umbilicus middling, open; aperture rotun- dately lunar, interior brown; lip white-edged, mar- gins approximating, upper margin a little expanded, basal shortly reflected, columellar a little dilated. Z1EGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iii. p. 5. f. 156. Helix colubrina, var., Deshayes. Had. Italy. Of a subconoidal spiral form, red-brown, profusely mot- tled with ash-white. Species 1007. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix aupina. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicata, orbi- April, 1853. HELIX.—Prare CLIV. — culato-convexa, obsolet2 carinata, luteola, epidermide de- cidud fusculo-variegatd, striata, lineis spiralibus subti- lissimis undulatis sculptéd ; anfractibus quinque, con- veris; apertura rotundato-lunari; peristomate sim- plici, albo-labiato, margine supero recto, basali breviter, columellari latius reflexo. Tre auprne Hewrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, orbicularly convex, obsoletely keeled, yellowish, with a brown-variegated deciduous epidermis, striated, sculptured with very fine waved spiral lines; whorls five, convex ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, white-edged, upper margin straight, basal shortly, columellar widely, reflected. Faure-BiGnet, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 67. f. 3. Helix strigata, var., Cantraine. Helix phalerata, Ziegler. Hab. French Alps. Very similar in form and general character to the pre- ceding species, and, possibly, a variety only. Species 1008. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Fonrenriiit. Hel. testa late et profundé umbili- catd, orbiculato-depressa, pellucida, aliido corneoque marmoratd, longitudinaliter striatd ; anfractibus sex, subplanis, ultimo carinato, vie descendente ; apertura subverticali, lunari; peristomate reflewiusculo, albo- labiato, margine columellari subdilatato. FonTentLui’s Hetrx. Shell broadly and deeply umbili- cated, orbicularly depressed, pellucid, marbled horny and white, longitudinally striated; whorls six, rather flat, the last keeled, a little descending; aperture nearly vertical, lunar; lip a little reflected, white- edged, columellar margin somewhat dilated. Micuaup, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bordeaux, vol. iii. p, 267. f. 13 and 14. Helix strigata, var., Cantraine. Hab. France. It may be doubted whether this is not also a variety of the preceding species. Fig. 1009. (Mus, Cuming.) The shell here figured is H, alpina, var. B, named by Ziegler H. phalerata. Species 1010. (Mus, Cuming.) Hevix cornea. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-subde- pressa, striatuld, superné albido-corned, diluté unizo- naté vel castaned, subtus pallidé fuscd ; anfractibus quinque, vie convexiusculis, ultimo anticé subitd deflexo; apertura perobliqua, transverse ovato-rotundata ; peri- stomate labiato, angulatim reflexo, marginibus approwi- matis, basali strictiusculo, introrsum subdilatato. THe worny Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly sub- depressed, finely striated, whitish-horny, dilutely one- =a zoned, or chestnut, light brown beneath ; whorls five, rather convex, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture very oblique, transversely ovately rounded ; lip edged, angularly reflected, margins approximating, basal rather drawn out, slightly dilated inwards. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 110. pl. 8. f. 1-3. Helix Desmoulinsii, Férussac. Hah. Germany, France, and North Italy. In the specimen here figured, which is Dr. Pfeiffer’s var. 8, there is a sharp minute tooth on the expanded basal margin. Species 1011. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix peviita. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- vend, subdepressd, fulvidd, fascid albd utrinque rufo- marginata ornata, costulato-striatd, pilis erectis rigidis obsild ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo an- tice deflexo ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate acuto, intus albo-labiato, marginibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis. ‘ THE SKIN-CLOTHED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicu- larly convex, rather depressed, fulvous, ornamented with a white, red-edged band, rib-like striated, co- vered with erect rigid hairs; whorls five, rather convex, the last deflected in front; aperture nearly circular; lip sharp, white-edged within, margins ap- proximated, joined by a thin callosity. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. pl. 69. f. 3. Hab. Grecian Archipelago. A light subtransparent shell, encircled with a broad white zone, red-banded on both sides, and covered over with a soft bristly epidermis. Species 1012. (Mus. Cuming.) HeEwix F@Tens. Hel. testa late umbilicata, depressa, cor- ned, albido-cinctd, fusco-subfasciala et quasi variegata ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planulatis, ultimo anticé defleco ; apertura perobliqud, subrotundata ; peristo- mate simplici, expanso, marginibus approximatis, exte- riore deflexo. Tue nauseous Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, horny, white-encircled, indistinctly brown- banded, and as though variegated ; whorls five to six, rather flattened, the last deflected in front; aperture very oblique, somewhat rounded; lip simple, ex- panded, margins approximated, outer margin de- flected. Stuper, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ii. p. 4. f. 92. Helix euzona, Menke. Helix achates, Ziegler. Helix achatina, Potiez and Michaud. Helix cingulina, Deshayes. Hab. Austria. A rather solid, subobscurely banded species, partaking somewhat of the Cyclostoma form. i ae 1074 1016 HELIX. Pirate CLV. Species 1013. (Mus. Cuming.) Hettx Owenrr. Hel. testé anguste et profundd umbili- catd, subdepresso-orbiculari, superné arcuatim corru- gata et granulatd, aureo-fuscescente, infra laevigata, po- lita et subtiliter malleatd, virescente, infra peripheriam fusco-fasciatd ; anfractibus quatuor, ultimo carinato ; apertura oblique ovatd ; peristomate simplici, subin- crassato, margine columellari breviter revoluto. Owen’s Herx. Shell narrowly and deeply umbilicated, somewhat depressly orbicular, arcuately wrinkled, granulated and golden-brown at the upper part, polished, finely indented and greenish at the lower, with a brown band beneath the periphery; whorls four, the last keeled; aperture obliquely ovate; lip simple, rather thickened, columellar margin shortly rolled back. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1853. Hab. Philippine Islands. A bright subtransparent shell, granulated and obliquely arch-wrinkled above, and smooth below. Species 1014. (Mus. Dennison.) Hewix Mapacascarrensis. Hel. testa subampliter um- bilicatd, oblique orbiculari, depressd, tenuiter striata, subpellucido-alba, castaneo bifasciatd ; spird brevi, ob- tusd; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, plano-convexis ; apertura transverse ovali ; peristomate breviter reflexo, marginibus fere junctis. Tue MapaGascar Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbili- cated, obliquely orbicular, depressed, finely striated, subtransparent white, with two chestnut bands ; spire short, obtuse; whorls three to four, flatly convex ; aperture transversely oval; lip shortly reflected, mar- gins almost joined. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p- 44. Hab. Madagascar. Closely resembling 7. sepulchralis, but of thinner and more transparent substance. Species 1015. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx maxima. Hel. testd@ angust2 subobtectd umbilicaté, orbiculari-convexd, superne fuscescente, lineis fasciisque Jlavidis prope peripheriam subirregulariter cingulata, infra castaned ; spird subdepressd, sulura versus aper- turam impressd ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ullimo me- dio carinald ; apertura oblique ovata ; peristomate simplici, incrassato. Tue very Larce Hexrx. Shell narrowly and rather deeply umbilicated, orbicularly convex, brownish about the upper part, somewhat irregularly encircled near the periphery with yellowish bands and lines, chestnut beneath; spire rather depressed, suture impressed towards the aperture; whorls six, convex, the last keeled round the middle; aperture obliquely ovate ; lip simple, thickened. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Philippines. Very closely allied to H. ovum, from which species it | differs in being of a rounder form, with the spire more depressed, and composed of a whorl more. Species 1016. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Lars. el. testdé imperforatd, subglobosa, tenui- culd, virescente-alba, fascia vivide castaned ad periphe- riam cingulatd ; spird subobtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convexis ; apertura latd lunari; peristomate tenui, refleco, margine columellari laté dilatato-ap- presso, subincrassato, albo. Tue Lars Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, rather thin, greenish-white, encircled at the periphery with a rich chestnut band; spire rather obtuse; whorls four, flatly convex; aperture broadly lunar ; lip thin, reflected, columellar margin broadly dilately ap- pressed, rather thickened, white. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Philippines. Allied to H. intorta. An extremely chaste and delicate species, named in honour of a Sicilian courtezan ! Species 1017. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Luctuosa. Hel. testd angustd umbilicata, oblique orbiculari, convexo-depressi, oblique densé impresso- striatd, plus minus politd, superné livido-fuscescente, infra albé, fasciis duabus albd et castaned ad periphe- riam cingulatd, area umbilicali castaned ; anfractibus May, 1853. HELIX.—Puare CLV. quatuor, plano-convevis ; aperturd transvers? lunari ; Species 1018. (Mus. Cuming.) peristomate simplici, subincrassato, margine columellart | yersy yacisteR. Hel. testd imperforaté, subpyramidali- breviter revoluto. a globosd, oblique striata, purpureo-castaned, epidermide Tue mournruL Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, tenuei hydrophand subfasciaté decidud induté; spird obliquely orbicular, convexly depressed, obliquely elaté, obtued ; anfractibus quinque, convezis ; aout thickly impressly striated, more or less polished, lunari ; peristomate reflexo RPE Sikes ee livid-brown at the upper part, white beneath, encir- ala wes ri late Faxtatoouseaia ae — cled with two bands, a white and a chestnut one, at | pup yasrer HeLIx. Shell inape rforated cane hy the periphery, umbilical area chestnut ; whorls four, vamidally.glolipse,-cbliquely stziated, pumileadeiekint, flatly convex; aperture transversely lunar; lip sim- covered with a thin sub-banded deciduous hydropha- ple, rather thickened, columellar margin shortly nous epidermis ; spire raised, obtuse; whorls five turned back. ; convex; aperture lunar; lip reflected, livid-chestnut, BEck, ase (Mus. Cuming). columellar margin broadly dilately appressed, white. Hab! Pretrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852. Of the same typical character as H. citrina, from which | Had. Philippine Islands. species it differs in the manner in which it is striated, in its more solid substance, and in its plan of colouring. Very distinct in form from any species hitherto de- scribed from the Philippines. Helix, FL. CLV. 702/ ORK. HELIX. Puate CLVI. Species 1019. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix conompHaLa. Hel. testé subampliter perspectiv? umbilicatd, plano-orbiculari, lenticulari, tenui, acutis- sime carinatd, pellucido-fuscescente, fascia angusta cas- taned supra et infra cingulala ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis ; aperturd securiformi ; peristomate tenui, simplici. THE CONE-UMBILICATED HeExtx. Shell rather largely per- spectively umbilicated, flatly orbicular, lens-shaped, thin, very sharply keeled, light transparent-brownish, encircled above and below with a narrow chestnut band; whorls four, flattened; aperture hatchet-shaped ; lip thin, simple. PreiFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Philippine Islands. A thin subtransparent sharply keeled lens-shaped shell, encircled above and below with a characteristic narrow chestnut band. Species 1020. (Mus. Dennison.) Heuix Dennisoni. Hel. testa imperforatd, globosd, so- lidiusculd, oblique rugoso-striatd, opaco-alba, lineis fuscis et nigris oblique conspicue strigatd ; spird sab- obtusa, suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, subro- tundatis ; apertura ovato-lunari, parviusculd ; peristo- mate tenui, subrefleco, margine columellari peculiariter late strictiusculo et dilatato-appresso, fauce intens? castaned. Dennison’s Hexix. Shell imperforated, globose, rather solid, obliquely roughly striated, opake-white, con- spicuously obliquely streaked with black and brown lines ; spire rather obtuse, with the suture impressed ; whorls five, somewhat rounded; aperture ovately lunar, rather small; lip thin, a little reflected, colu- mellar margin peculiarly drawn out and dilately ap- pressed, interior deep chestnut. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Cuba. A very striking species, owing mainly to its peculiarity of painting. Species 1021. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Ceres. Hel. testé subobtectd umbilicatd, subglo- | bost, solidd, laevigata, flavescente, rufescente pallid? Sasciatd ; spird obtuse converd ; anfractibus sex, sub- angustis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; apertura rotundato- lunari ; peristomate reflexo, subexpanso, calloso, vivid? purpurascente-carneo. Tue Ceres Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, subglobose, solid, smooth, yellowish, encircled with faint reddish bands; spire obtusely convex ; whorls six, rather narrow, the last obtusely keeled ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip reflected, somewhat expanded, callous, bright purplish-flesh. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Philippine Islands. A solid obtusely globose species, partaking somewhat of the well-known Jamaica type. Species 1022. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX EXCELLENS. Hel. testd obtect2 umbilicataé, de- presso-pyramidali, crassiusculd, oblique tenuissim? striata, intense fumeo-castaned ; anfractibus sex, con- cavo-planatis, ultimo carinato, basi convexo-plano ; apertura transverse oblonga, subhorizontali ; peristo- mate incrassato, marginibus lird callosd junctis, supra umbilicum late appressa. THE EXCELLENT Hetrx. Shell witha covered umbilicus, depressly pyramidal, rather thick, obliquely very finely striated, very dark smoky-chestnut; whorls six, concavely flattened, last whorl keeled, convexly flat at the base ; aperture transversely oblong, nearly horizontal ; lip thickened, margins joined by a callous ridge which is broadly appressed over the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852. Hab. St. Domingo, Salle. This is little distinguished from the old Linnean Helix carocolla, except in being more depressly sunk and spread into a flattened pyramid. Species 1023. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix penupata. Tiel. testé umbilicatd, turbinato-de- pressd, nuda, lutescente, fusco trifasciald ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo anticd subitd) de- flexo; aperturd perobliqud, rotundata ; peristomate continuo, soluto, reflexo, margine basali laté appresso, oblongo-dentato. May, 1853. HELIX.—Puare CLVI. Tue penupep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, turbinately depressed, nude, yellowish, three-banded with brown ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture very oblique, rounded; lip continuous, unrolled, reflected, basal margin broadly appressed, oblong-toothed. RossMasLer, Hist. Moll. vol. iv. p. 3. f. 223. Hah, Dalmatia. Of a subtransparent yellowish sea-green hue, encircled with three rather faint brown bands. Species 1024. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex serosa. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicatd, orbi- culato-depressd, setosd, tenerd, striatd, Jlutescente- corned, pallidé trifasciatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo; apertura perobliqua, rotundaté ; peristomate continuo, soluto, lato, reflexo, sublabiato, margine basali oblongo-dentato. Tue BristLy Herx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, bristly, thin, striated, yellowish horny, faintly three-banded ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last suddenly deflected; aperture very oblique, rounded; lip continuous, unrolled, broad, reflected, slightly edged, basal margin oblong-toothed. Z1EGLER, -Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iy. f. 3. p. 222. Hab. Dalmatia. Of a more depressed and broadly orbicular form than the preceding species, covered with an epidermis of bristly hairs. Species 1025. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Crrce. Hel. testa imperforatd, subglobosd, spa- diceo-fuscescente, versus apicem lividd, epidermide hy- drophand opaco-albé eleganter trifasciatd ; spird ob- tusd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo ad aper- turam expanso; aperturd lunato-circulari ; peristo- mate incrassato, laté reflexo, ad columellam laté ap- presso et calloso. Tue Circe Herix. Shell imperforated, subglobose, light fawn-brown, livid towards the apex, elegantly three- banded with opake-white hydrophanous epidermis ; spire obtuse; whorls four, convex, last whorl ex- panded at the aperture; aperture lunar-circular; lip thickened, broadly reflected, broadly appressed and callous at the columella. PreIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab, Philippine Islands. This fine species, lately received by Mr. Cuming from the Philippines, partakes chiefly of the characters of H. pulcherrima. Helix LL CLV 1026 wa 1027. 1028 1029. 1030. W 7030.6 4033 S032 é? 7034 HELIX. Pirate CLVII. Species 1026. (Mus. Cuming). Hex Creryi. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, pyramidali-co- nicd, tenui, subpellucidd, oblique dens? fortiter striatd, allidd, fascia angusta rufo-fuscescente supra peripheriam cingulatd ; spird elevatd, acutd ; anfractibus sex, con- vero-planis, ultimo acute carinato, basi convexo, ni- tente ; apertura ovato-securiformi ; peristomate tenui, simplici, ad columellam breviter revoluto. Crery’s Herix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, pyramidally conical, thin, somewhat transparent, obliquely strongly densely striated, whitish, encircled above the peri- phery with a narrow reddish-brown band; spire raised, sharp ; whorls six, convexly flattened, the last sharply keeled, convex at the base, shining; aperture ovately hatchet-shaped; lip thin, simple, shortly rolled back at the columella. Reciuz, Revue Zoologique. Hab. Solomon’s Island. A densely striated pyramidal subtransparent shell, en- circled with a light reddish-brown band immediately above the periphery. Species 1027. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Swanecuarensis. Hel. testa subampliter umbili- cata, pyramidali-conicd, tenui, corned, oblique peculia- riter undulato-striata, striis ad basin interruptis et corrugatis ; anfractibus septem, planulatis, ultimo ex- panso et carinato; apertura circulari; peristomate simplici, vie refleco, ad columellam dilatato. Tue SHaneuat Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, pyramidally conical, thin, horny, obliquely peculiarly wave-striated, the striae being at the base interrupted and wrinkled; whorls seven, flattened, the last ex- panded and keeled; aperture circular; lip simple, slightly reflected, dilated at the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Shanghai, China; Fortune. A ie species, distinguished by a wrinkled peculiarity in its mode of striation. Species 1028. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Veronica. Hel. test latd apert? umbilicata, plano-discoided, arcuatim striaté, flavescente-corned, pellucidd, nitente; spird concavo-pland ; anfractibus quatuor, ultimo subdeclivi ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate tenui, simplici. Tue Veronica Hextx. Shell broadly openly umbili- cated, flatly discoid, arcuately striated, yellowish- horny, transparent, shining; spire concavely flat- tened; whorls four, the last rather slanting down ; aperture obliquely lunar; lip thin, simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Solomon’s Island. A bright yellowish-olive horny shell, convoluted in a discoid Nautiloid manner. Species 1029. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix rucata. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso-conicd, oblique tenuistriatd, striis spiralibus impressis subtilis- simd decussatd, albidd, sparsim nigro-punctatd, lineis duabus nigris fascidique pallidd fuscescente cingulata, apice rufescente, areé columellari violaceo-nigra ; an- fractibus quinque, planulatis ; apertura obliqué ovata ; peristomate tenuiculo, reflero, versus columellam pur- purascente. Tue stainep Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely co- nical, obliquely thinly striated, very finely decussated with impressed spiral stria, whitish, sparingly black- dotted, encircled with two black lines and a faint brownish band, apex reddish, columellar area yiolet- black; whorls five, flattened; aperture obliquely ovate; lip rather thin, reflected, purple-tinged to- wards the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Wide Bay, east coast of Australia; Strange. A prettily painted porcelain-like shell. Species 1030. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Macanprewrana. el. testa obtect? umbilicata, subglobosd, tenui, solidd, spiraliter sub lente tennissimée undulato-striatd, rosaceo-albidd, lineis nigris tenuilus creberrim? profuse cingulatd, apice et columella intense roseis; spird obtusd, apice nuda ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide accrescentibus, concexiusculis ; apertura sub- quadrato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, ad columellam tenuiter recoluto. * Mac Anprew’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, subglobose, thin, solid, spirally very finely wave-stri- May, 1853. HELIX.—Priate CLVI. ated beneath the lens, pinkish-white, very closely pro- fusely encircled with fine black lines, apex and colu- mella deep rose; spire obtuse, apex nude; whorls four, rapidly increasing, rather convex ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip simple, thinly rolled back at the columella. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Great Salvages Island, Madeira. The characters of this species, as may be seen by the description and figures, are peculiarly distinct from any hitherto discovered. Species 1031. (Mus. Hamilton.) Henrx nasuta. Hel. test@ angustissimé umbilicatd, sinis- trali, depresso-orbiculari, ad peripheriam acutissime carinatd, aureo-stramined, corned, valde pellucida, ad carinam saturatiore, arcuatin xfriatd, striis ad su- turam subplicatis, striis spiralibus impressis sub lente subtilissimé dense decussatd; spird convexo-obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, ultimo ad aperturam peculiariter productd et siphonatd ; aperturd angusté securiformi ; peristomate subreflexo. Tue Nosep Hettx. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, sinistral, depressly orbicular, very narrowly keeled, golden-straw colour, horny, very transparent, darker at the keel, areuately striated, striae slightly plicate at the suture, very closely densely decussated be- neath the lens with impressed spiral strie; spire convexly obtuse; whorls five, flattened, the last pe- culiarly produced and siphoned; aperture narrowly hatchet-shaped ; lip slightly reflected. Mercatre, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo; Rajah Brooke. An extremely transparent horny shell, of a pure golden- straw colour without pattern or marking, having the keel produced into a curious siphon at the aperture. Species 1032. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Armipa. Jel. testd anguste wmbilicatd, orbiculari- depressd, arcuatim striata, sordide fuscescente, nitente, ad suturam peculiariter carinatéd ; spird obtuse con- verd; anfractibus sex, angustis, lente accrescentibus, supra carinam planulatis, infra convexis; aperturd transverse lunari; peristomate simplici. Tue Anmipa Hetrrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbi- cularly depressed, arcuately striated, dull light brown, shining, peculiarly keeled at the suture; spire ob- tusely convex ; whorls six, narrow, increasing slowly, flattened above the keel, convex below it; aperture transversely lunar; lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Mount Isarof, Island of Luzon, Philippines (on bushes). Characterized by a peculiar cord-like keel at the peri- phery, which is seen throughout the spire in the place of the suture. Species 1033. (Mus. Cuming.) . Hexix rricata. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-orbicu- lari, subdiscoided, arcuatim plicato-striata, corned, li- neis duabus rufis remote cingulatad ; spird obtuse de- pressé; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, plano-decli- vibus ; apertura transverse ovato-lunari ; peristomate tenui, simplici. Tue nuBBED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbi- cular, somewhat discoid, arcuately plicately striated, horny, distantly encircled with two red lines; spire obtusely depressed ; whorls four to five, flatly slant- ing; aperture transversely ovately lunar; lip thin, simple. Goutp, Expedition Shells, 1851, p. 32. Hab. Australia. Of the two characteristic red lines which encircle this species, one is at the periphery, and the other at the suture. Species 1034. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Brrpwitut. Hel. testa imperforatd, pyramidali- conicd, levigatd, alba, ustulato-fusco lineari-maculata, basi saturatiore maculata, peristomate et pariete in- ternd intense nigro-fuscis ; spird elevata ; anfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo acuté angulato, basi planato ; apertura ovata, horizontali ; peristomate tenué reflexo, marginibus lamina callosd junctis, margine basali ap- pressa. Bripwitt’s Herix. Shell imperforated, pyramidally conical, smooth, white, linearly spotted with burnt- brown, darker-spotted at the base, lip and internal wall very dark black-brown; spire raised; whorls six, flattened, last whorl sharply angled, flat at the base ; aperture ovate, horizontal ; lip thinly reflected, margins joined by a callous lamina, basal margin ap- pressed. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Wide Bay, Australia (on the bark of trees); King. A rather solid species, peculiarly blotched and lineated with light burnt-brown. 2€ Helix, Pl. CLVIT. HELIX. Pirate CLVITI. Species 1035. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX cEROIDES. Hel. testi subampliter umbilicatd, glo- bosd, subdiscoided, corned, oblique striata ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo tumidiusculo ; aperturd lu- nato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, ad columellam tenuiter reflexo. THE WAX-LIKE Hexix. Shell rather largely umbilicated, globose, subdiscoid, horny, obliquely striated ; whorls four, convex, the last rather swollen; aperture lunar- circular; lip simple, thinly reflected at the columella. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Juan Fernandez (under stones). A small horny species, largely and deeply umbilicated. Species 1036. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix putcwena. Hel. testd umbilicaté, subdepressd, albida, nitidd, glabra; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, convexis, ultimo anticé dilatato, non deflexo ; apertura obliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate late reflexo, sublabi- ato, marginibus fere junctis. Tue pretty Hevrx. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, whitish, shining, smooth; whorls three to four, con- vex, last whorl dilated in front, not deflected; aper- ture oblique, nearly circular; lip broadly reflected, slightly edged, margins almost joined. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 30. Helix paludosa, Walker. Helix minuta, Say. Helix crystallina, Dillwyn. Hab. Europe, North America, and the Madeiras. A minute crystalline white shell, with a rounded broadly reflected aperture. Fig. 1037. (Mus. Cuming.) Th.s appears, on further examination, to be only a more largely umbilicated variety of the preceding species. Species 1038. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix rapma. Hel. testé ampliter apert? umbilicatd, planospiratd, subdiscoided, corned, pellucida, rufo-cas- taneo vivide profuse undulata, strigis juxta suturam perpaucis, grandibus, striis spiralibus et obliquis undique sublilissime decussata ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, converis ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate sim- plici. THe rapip Hexix. Shell largely openly umbilicated, flat-spired, subdiscoid, horny, transparent, brightly profusely waved with reddish-chestnut, streaks next the suture few and large, very finely decussated throughout with spiral and oblique strie ; whorls three to four, convex; aperture lunar-circular ; lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. New Zealand. A gracefully convoluted, vividly marked, horny shell, of subdiscoid growth, and concavely flattened spire. Species 1039. (Mus. Cuming). Hewrx Huanerensis. el. testa latissim2 apert2 umbi- licatd, convexo-pland, arcuatim tenuistriata, fuscescente- albidd, subcorned, maculis sordidé rufis tessellaté ; an- fractibus quingue ad sex, angustis, ultimo acute cari- nato ; apertura parvd, lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, lird angustd in pariete internd. Tue Huanerne Herrx. Shell very broadly openly um- bilicated, convexly flattened, arcuately finely striated, brownish-white, rather horny, tessellated with dull reddish spots; whorls five to six, narrow, the last sharply keeled ; aperture small, lunar-circular ; lip simple, with a narrow ridge on the internal wall. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. Society Islands (under decayed leaves). Of the same peculiar type as Z/. radiela, and other spe- cies from the Pacific Isles. Species 1040. (Mus. Cuming). Hewrx cutruta. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, globoso-turbi- natd, corned, pellucida, nitente ; spird obtus? convexd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ad suturam tenuisuleatis ; apertura transvers2 lunari ; peristomate simplici. Tue LiTrLe Drop Hertx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, glo- bosely turbinated, horny, transparent, shining ; spire obtusely convex ; whorls four, convex, finely grooved at the suture ; aperture transversely lunar ; lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. May, 1853. HELIX.—Puate CLVIII. Hab. New Zealand. A small, dull brown, shining, glassy-looking shell. Fig. 1041. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be a large unspotted variety of Z. microdonta, represented at Pl. CXX. Sp. 705. Species 1042. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx nitmpa. Hel. testa aperte umbilicatd, globoso-de- press, striata, corned, pellucida, nitente ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo tereti, circa umbilicum excavato; aperturd lunato-circulari; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine basali, arcuato. Tue suininc Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, striated, horny, transparent, shin- ing; whorls five, rather convex, the last terete, exca- vated around the umbilicus; aperture lunar-circular ; lip thin, sharp, basal margin arched. Motter, Hist. Nat. Verm. vol. ii. p. 32. Helix lucida, Draparnaud. Zonites lucidus, Gray. Hab. Europe and the British Isles. A small subdepressed horny species, rather excavated about the umbilicus. Species 1048. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx rriarra. Hel. testé perspective umbilicatd, parva, depressd, corned, eleganter costulatd ; spird converd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus sex, convewiusculis, lente ac- crescentibus, ullimo superne angulato, subtus attenuato ; aperturd perobliqud, sinuosd ; peristomate reflexo, labi- ato, margine exteriore expanso, intus unidentato. Tue rESERVE Hextx. Shell perspectively umbilicated, small, depressed, horny, elegantly fine-ribbed ; spire convex, rather obtuse; whorls six, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last angled at the upper part, attenuated beneath; aperture very oblique, sinuous ; lip reflected, edged, outer margin expanded, one- toothed within. Frivaupsky, Rossmiisler, vol. x. p. 13. f. 611. Hab. Banat, Hungary. The riblets of this species are thin and distant, and have the appearance of being merely epidermal. Species 1044. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Excavata. Hel. testé late apert2 umbilicata, de- pressd, tenui, striata, pellucido-corned, nitente ; spird parum elevaté ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, lenté accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente ; apertura obliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate tenui, simplici. Tue Excavatep Hexrx. Shell broadly openly umbili- cated, depressed, thin, striated, transparent horny, shining; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather convex, increasing slowly, the last not descending ; aperture oblique, nearly circular; lip thin, simple. Bran, Alder. Mag. Zool. and Bot. vol. ii. p. 107. Zonites excavatus, Gray. Hab. British Isles. Closely allied to H. ducida, but more broadly and largely umbilicated. 1046 VOGR A Helix, Fl. CLIX. VO45 1047. 1048 1050. 1052.6 7053 : HELIX, Pirate CLIX. _ Species 1045. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Navuritirormis. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressé, suborbiculatd, arcté obvolutd, corned, hispida; spird immersd ; anfractibus quinque, superné vix conspicuis, ultimo magno, reliquos involvente ; umbilico perspectivo ; apertura subverticali, angusté lunari; peristomate ru- bello-fusco, reflexo, margine dextro superne dilatato. Tue Navtitvs-sHarep Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, nearly orbicular, very obvolute, horny, hairy ; spire immersed ; whorls five, but little conspicuous at the upper part, the last large, involving the rest ; umbilicus perspective; aperture nearly vertical, nar- rowly lunar ; lip reddish-brown, reflected, right mar- gin arcuately dilated at the upper part. Drepanostoma Nautiliforme, Porro, Malac. p. 23. pl. 1.f. 3. Helix Nautiliformis, Cantraine. Hab. Lombardy. A small discoid horny shell, with the spire completely immersed, as in Nautilus. Species 1046. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix proponta. Hel. testé late umbilicata, discoided, minutim granulato-striatd, corneo-fuscd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo vie subcari- nato, anticé deflexo, ad aperturam constricto, superné impresso; apertura subhorizontali, panduraeformi; pe- ristomate acuto, reflexo, rubicundo, dentibus oppositis in margine supero et infero munito. THE OPPOSITE-TOOTHED Hetix. Shell umbilicated, dis- coid, minutely granulately striated, horny-brown ; whorls four to five, scarcely convex, the last slightly keeled, deflected in front, constricted at the aperture, impressed at the upper part; aperture nearly hori- zontal, pan-pipe-shaped; lip sharp, reflected, ruddy, furnished with two opposite teeth, one on the upper, the other on the lower margin. Muu retpt, Mus. Ces. Vind. TFeérussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 51 A. f. 1. Hab, Banat, Hungary. A rather flat perspectively umbilicated shell, with the aperture very horizontal and peculiar, contracted in the middle by two opposite teeth. Species 104.7. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix anateyra. Hel. testd apertd umbilicatd, discoided, superne concavd, subtus pland, pallide corned, superne May minutissimé punctulata et striolata ; anfractibus sez, converis, ultimo compresso, antice gibbo, subitd deflezo ; apertura perobliqua, subtriangulato-lunari ; peristo- mate reflexo, albido-labiato. THE NARROW-WHORLED Hexrx. Shell openly umbili- cated, discoid, concave at the upper part, flat under- neath, pale horny, minutely punctured and striated about the upper part; whorls six, convex, the last compressed, gibbous in front, suddenly deflected ; aperture very oblique, subtriangularly lunar; lip re- flected, white-edged. ZiEGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. i. p. 70. f. 21". Hab. North Italy and Switzerland. A shell of Planorbis-like growth, all the whorls being convoluted on a plane, and more or less immersed in the last whorl. Species 1048. (Mus, Cuming.) HEix Corcyrensis. Hel. testd apert2 umbilicatd, orbi- culato-depressa, arctispird, supra costulato-striatd, cor- ned, hispidd ; anfractibus septem, converiusculis, ultimo superné obtuse angulato, subtus convexo, antice gibbo, deflexo ; apertura parum obliqud, angustd, lunari ; pe- ristomate flecuoso, albo-labiato, reflezo. Tue Corru Hextx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, close-spired, rib-like striated above, horny, hairy; whorls seven, rather convex, the last obtusely angled at the upper part, convex under- neath, gibbous in front, deflected; aperture a little oblique, narrow, lunar; lip flexuous, white-edged, reflected. Partscu, Mus. Ces. Vind. Férussac, Hist. Moll. (Des- hayes’ edit.) p. 21. pl. 69 E. f. 1-5. Helix contorta, Ziegler (not of Férussac). Hab. Corfu. Allied to the preceding species, but closer and more swollen. Species 1049. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx opvotuta. Hel. testd apert2 wmbilicatd, orbicu- lata, utringue plana, brunned, opacd, pilosd ; spird me- dio concavd ; anfractibus sex, angustis, converiusculis, penullimo prominulo, ullimo compresso, anticd viz de- scendente, scrobiculato ; apertura obtuse triangulari ; peristomate reflexo, intus lilacino, margine dextro et basali obtusd unidentatis. , 1853. HELIX.—Puate CLIX. Tur opvotute Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbi- cular, flat on both sides, brown, opake, hairy ; spire concave in the middle; whorls six, narrow, rather convex, the penultimate whorl little prominent, last whorl compressed, slightly descending in front, fur- rowed; aperture obtusely triangular; lip reflected, lilac-tinged within, right and basal margins obtusely one-toothed. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 27. Helix trigonophora, Lamarck. Helix bilabiata, Lamarck. Helix holosericea, Gmelin. Hab. Northern and Central Europe. The original type, of which the two preceding and fol- lowing species are also forms. Species 1050. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix nonoserica. Hel. testé aperté umbilicatd, orbi- culatd, depressi, subtus convexd, corned, tenui, holose- ricd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, ul- timo anticé constricto, scrobiculato ; apertura trisinu- ata ; peristomate lato, angulatim reflexo, labiato, valide bidentato. Tue vetver Hetrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicu- lar, depressed, convex underneath, horny, thin, silky ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last constricted in front, furrowed ; aperture trisinuous; lip broad, an- gularly reflected, edged, strongly two-toothed. Sruper, Verz. p. 16. Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 61. f. 5. Hab, Central and Southern Europe. The teeth are more strongly developed in this than in the preceding species of the same type. Species 1051. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx mNcARNATA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-glo- bosd, leviter carinatd, tenui, opacd, rufescente, pellucide unifasciatd, minutissime granulaté ; anfractibus sex, convewiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo ; aperturd lunari ; peristomate acuto, subreflexo, extus rufescente, intus la- bio incarnato. Tue FLESH-TINGED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, faintly keeled, thin, opake, reddish, trans- parently one-banded, very minutely granulated ; whorls six, rather convex, the last deflected in front ; aperture lunar; lip sharp, slightly reflected, reddish without, flesh-tinged along the edge within. Muvuer, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 63. Helix sericea, Miiller. Helix sylvestris, Hartmann. Helix tecta, Ziegler. Hab. Germany, France, ete. Rather globosely inflated, dark-tinged next the suture. Species 1052. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Ranetana. Hel. testd aperte umbilicaté, lenticu- tari, acut2 carinatd, corned, confertin radiato-striata ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis ; apertura depress? lunari ; peristomate supern2 simplici, sinuato, ad carinam uncinatim recurvato, margine basali incras- sato, reflexo, unidentato, extus scrobiculato. Rane’s Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, lens-shaped, sharply keeled, horny, closely radiately striated ; whorls six to seven, rather convex; aperture de- pressly lunar; lip simple at the upper part, sinuated, uncinately recurved at the keel, basal margin thick- ened, reflected, one-toothed, furrowed without. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 65. f. 1. Helix Rangii, Deshayes. Hab. Pyrenees. Peculiarly characterized by the sinuated and uncinately recurved growth of the lip next the keel. Species 1053. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex personata. Hel. testa subobtect? umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, corned, opacd, pubescente ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé constricto ; aperturd coarctatd, angulato-tri- sinuatd ; peristomate late replicato, intus calloso, bi- dentato, marginibus dente linguiformi transvers? fere junctis. Tne MASKED Hexrx. Shell with a partially covered epi- dermis, depressly globose, horny, opake, pubescent ; spire a little raised; whorls five, rather convex, the last constricted in front; aperture contracted, angu- larly trisinuous ; lip broadly folded back, callous and two-toothed within, margins almost joined by a transverse tongue-shaped tooth. Lamarck, Journ. d’Hist. Nat. pl. 42. f. 1. Helix isognomostomos, pars, Gmelin. Hab, Germany, France, ete. The aperture of this species is unusually contracted by the prominent tongue-shaped tooth across the body-whorl, and the broad folding back of the lip. “aun 1055.2 1056 I052 Helix, Flo Cie 1035.6 HELIX. Prater CLX. Species 1054. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix stricata. Hel. testd angust2 umbilicatd, orbicu- lato-depressiusculd, albd, fuscescente interrupt? quadri- Sasciatd, superné costato-plicatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo ; aper- turé rotundato-ovali ; peristomate reflexo, sublabiato, marginibus approximatis. Tue stREAKED HeExrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, or- bicularly rather depressed, white, interruptedly four- banded with light brown, rib-like plicated at the upper part; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last deflected in front; aperture rotundately oval; lip reflected, slightly edged, margins approximated. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 61. Helix umbrica, Charpentier. Hab. Italy and Sicily. The four interrupted light brown bands are but faintly indicated in the specimen here figured, and are sometimes altogether wanting. Species 1055. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix TuRRIPLANA. Hel. testdé subanguste perspective umbilicatd, crassiusculd, opaco-albd, pallidé ferrugineo tinctd, depressa, carinatd, punctis eminentibus scabrius- culd, apice levi, planissimo ; anfractibus sex, margi- natis, ultimo subtus turgido, circumsulcato ; apertura depressd, angusta, subtetragond ; peristomate flexuoso, replicato, calloso, albo-labiato, bidenticulato, extus pli- cis geminis impressis signato. THE TOWER-FLATTENED Heurx. Shell rather narrowly perspectively umbilicated, rather thick, opake-white, stained with light rust, depressed, keeled, roughened with conspicuous granules, apex smooth, very flat ; whorls six, margined, the last swollen beneath, grooved around; aperture depressed, narrow, subtetragonal ; lip flexuous, folded back, callous, white-edged, two- toothed, marked outwardly by two impressed folds. Moretet, Moll. du Portugal, p. 59. pl. 6. f. 3. Hab. Portugal. Peculiarly characterized by the raised turreted periphery of the whorls, and flattened spire. Species 1056. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix QurapertaNna. Hel, testé apert2 umbilicatd, de- pressd, striata, tenui, diaphand, olivaceo-corned, strigis lutescentibus irregulariter radiata; spird concavius- culd; anfractibus quingue, converis, ultimo inflato ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura subverticali, lunari; peristomate acuto, reflexo, intus albo-labiato, margini- bus distantibus, columellari brevi, dilatato. Tur Quimper Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, de- pressed, striated, thin, diaphanous, olive-horny, irre- gularly rayed with yellowish streaks; spire rather concave; whorls five, convex, the last inflated; um- bilicus narrow, open; aperture subvertical, lunar ; lip sharp, reflected, white-edged within, margins dis- tant, columellar margin short, dilated. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 75 B. f. 1-3, and pl. 76. f. 2. Helix Corisopitensis, Deshayes. Helix Kermovani, Michaud. Hah. France. A thin Planorbis-like shell, of large turgid growth. Species 1057. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CHRULANS. Jel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, subtus turgidd, carulescente-lividd, striata ; spird apice ma- millaté ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; umbilico mediocri, semiobtecto ; apertura per- obliqud, circulari, intus fuscescente ; peristomate sim- plici, marginibus continuis, basali labiato, subreflero. Tue siuisH Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, turgid underneath, bluish-livid, striated; spire mamillated at the apex; whorls five, convex, the last deflected in front; umbilicus middling, half-covered; aperture very oblique, circular, brownish within; lip simple, margins continuous, basal margin edged, slightly re- flected. Muutrexpr, Mus. Ces. Vind., C. Pfeiffer, Naturg. vol. iii. pl. 6. f. 17 and 18. Helix lacticina, Ziegler. Hab. Croatia. A small thin livid-white species, pale brownish in the interior, with the margins of the aperture almost cireu- larly joined. Species 1058. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Lusitanica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, discoided, olivaceo-fuscd, subobliqud confertim costulata ; spird May, 1853. HELIX.—Puare CLX. plana ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, exterioribus pre- cedentibus duplo latioribus, ultimo anticé non descen- dente; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura lunari ; peristomate albo, angulatim reflexo, margine dextro sinuoso, columellari arcuato. Tue Lusrranrtan Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, discoid, olive-brown, rather obliquely closely ribbed; spire flat; whorls five to six, the outer whorls twice the width of the preceding, last whorl not descending in front ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunar; lip white, angularly reflected, right margin sinuous, co- lumellar margin arched. Preirrer, Symbole, vol. i. p. 41. Hab. Portugal. Of simple discoid form, very closely and regularly rib- striated over the upper surface. Species 1059. (Mus. Cuming.) Heutx crneunata. Hel. testd profundé umbilicata, or- biculato-convexd, griseo-carned, fusco-unifasciatd ; an- fractibus quingue, vix convexiusculis, ultimo deflexo ; apertura perobliqua, subrotundd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, intus sublabiato, marginibus approximatis, supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari dilatato. THE GirpLED Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, orbicu- larly convex, grey flesh-tinged, encircled with a brown band; whorls five, slightly convex, the last deflected ; aperture very oblique, nearly round; lip simple, sharp, slightly edged within, margins approximated, upper margin expanded, basal reflected, columellar dilated. Sruper, Verz. p. 14. Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 68. f. 5 and 6. Helix Baldensis, Villa. Helix colubrina, Jan. Hab. Lombardy and the Tyrol. A bold Cyclostoma-like species, encircled at the peri- phery with a single conspicuous bright brown band. Species 1060. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx mntermepia. Hel. testé aperte umbilicatd, de- pressa, suborbiculatd, striata, lutescente-albidd vel rufo- trifasciatd, fasciis lateralibus interruptis ; anfractibus quingque, planiusculis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; apertura subhorizontali, ovato-rotunda ; peristomate reflexo, mar- ginibus fere contiguis, basali introrsum dilatato. THE INTERMEDIATE Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, depressed, nearly orbicular, striated, yellowish-white, or encircled with three red bands, the lateral bands being interrupted; whorls five, rather flat, the last deflected in front; aperture subhorizontal, ovately rounded; lip reflected, margins almost continuous, basal margin dilated inwardly. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 68. f. 1 and 2. Helix catenulata, Muhlfeldt. Helix tetrazona, Jan. Hab, Austria and Lombardy. Mostly encircled with three bands, of which the central is the strongest. Species 1061. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx cuacraris. Hel. testa umbilicatd, orbiculato-con- vewiusculd, apice obtusa, leviter carinatd, lutescente, sordidé variegatd, superné plicato-striatd, subtilissime spiraliter lineata, rufo-unifasciatd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexiusculis, ultimo vir deflexo ; umbilico me- diocri, pervio ; apertura lunato-rotundatd ; peristomate leviter albo-labiato, margine supero vie expanso, basali breviter reflexo. Tue GuactaL Hexrx. Shell umbilicated,’ orbicularly slightly convex, obtuse at the apex, faintly keeled, yellowish, dirtily variegated, plicately striated at the upper part, very finely spirally lineated, encircled with a single red band; whorls five, rather convex, the last slightly deflected; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip faintly white-edged, upper margin a little expanded, basal shortly re- flected. Tuomas, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 67. f. 2. Hab. Piedmont. Plicately striated and grooved, encircled at the peri- phery with a narrow band, and obscurely stained through- out. Species 1062. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Zrecuerr. Hel. testa laté umbilicatd, depressa, suborbiculata, obtuse subcarinatd, albido-cesiad, inter- rupte subtrifasciatd, superné costulato-plicatd; an- Sractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo anticé subitd de- Jjlexo ; apertura subcirculari ; peristomate labiato, mar- ginibus fere connexis, supero expanso, basali strictius- culo, reflexo. ZieGcuer’s Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, nearly orbicular, obtusely faintly keeled, whitish- grey, interruptedly three-banded, rib-plicated at the upper part; whorls five, rather flat, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture nearly circular; lip edged, margins almost connected, upper margin ex- panded, basal rather drawn out, reflected. Scumipt, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iii. p. 4. f. 154. Helix strigata, var., Cantraine. Hab. Venetian Alps. Although closely approximating to 2. strigata both in form and sculpture, the whorls of this species are more widely convoluted, and form in consequence a larger um- bilicus. Helix, Fl. CLXTI. eon a 1069 . HELIX. Puate CLXI. Species 1063. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix averta. Hel. testé imperforatd, ovato-globosd, in- flata, tenui, plicato-striata, olivaceo-fuscd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus ; aper- turd obovali; peristomate simplici, acuto, albo-limbato. Tue oven Hettx. Shell imperforated, ovately globose, inflated, thin, plicately striated, olive-brown; whorls four, rather convex, increasing rapidly ; aperture ob- ovate; lip simple, acute, white-edged. Born, Mus. Ces. Vind. p. 387. pl. 15. f. 19 and 20. Helix Neritoides, Chemnitz. Helix Naticoides, Draparnaud. Helix Karalitana, Sowerby. Hab. Southern Europe. An extremely inflated globose species, of horny, vesi- eular substance. Species 1064. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx onivetoruM. Hel. testé aperte umbilicatd, glo- boso-depressa, nitidd, glabriusculd, supra corneo-rufa, subtus virente-albidd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, pla- niusculis, ultimo anticé non descendente ; apertura lu- nato-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, acuto, recto, margine columellart vix reflexiusculo. Tue oLiveyarD Hexix. Shell openly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, shining, smooth, horny-red above, greenish-white beneath; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last not descending in front; aperture lunar- rounded ; lip simple, sharp, straight, columellar mar- gin slightly reflected. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3639. Helix incerta, Draparnaud. Helix cespitum, var., Cantraine. Helix Leopoldina, Charpentier. Helia filicum, Krynicki. Hab. France and Italy. The H. Leopoldina, Charpentier, is a large-sized variety of this species. Species 1065. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix rruticum. Hel, testd aperté umbilicatd, globoséd, semipellucidd, rufescente aut albido-lutescente, rard castaneo unifasciata ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, con- vexis, concentricé obsolete striolatis, ultimo basi inflato, circa umbilicum excavato ; aperturd lunato-rotundata ; peristomate subpatulo, sublabiato. THe surus Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, globose, semitransparent, reddish or yellowish-white, with, rarely, a light chestnut band; whorls five to six, convex, concentrically obsoletely finely striated, last whorl inflated at the base, excavated around the um- bilicus ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip subpatulate, slightly edged. Motte, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 71. Heliz terrestris, Gmelin. Heliz cinerea, Poiret. Hab. Germany, France, and Switzerland. The aperture is nearly circular, and the columellar mar- gin is somewhat broadly dilated over towards the umbi- licus. Species 1066, (Mus. Cuming.) HELrx atcira. Hel. testé latd umbilicatéd, orbiculato-con- vera, obsolete angulatd, supra minutissimée granulato- decussatd, epidermide corneo-lutescente decidud radi- até, subtus nitida ; anfractibus sex, supremis planis, ultimo convexo ; apertura late obliqué lunari ; peristo- mate recto, intus calloso. THE wHorLED Hexix. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, obsoletely angled, very minutely gra- nularly decussated above, rayed with a yellowish- horny deciduous epidermis, shining beneath; whorls six, uppermost flat, the last convex ; aperture broadly obliquely lunar ; lip straight, callous within. Linn2zvs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1242. Helix oculus-capri, Miiller. Helix egophthalmos, Gmelin. Hab. South of France, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica. This fine large species may be readily distinguished by its orbicularly convoluted form, and deep perspective um- bilicus. Species 1067. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix verticruius. Hel. testa latd umbilicatd, subsems- globosé, supernd minutim decussatd, luteo-fused, strigis latis remotis luteis ornatd, subtus glabré, nitida, ci- rescente-luted ; anfractibus septem, omnibus convezis ; May, 1853. HELIX.—Puiate CLXI. apertura lunato-subcirculari; peristomate acuto, sim- plici, intus albo-calloso. Tue wHort Hex. Shell broadly umbilicated, subsemi- globose, minutely decussated at the upper part, yel- lowish-brown, ornamented with distant broad yellow streaks, smooth and shining beneath, greenish-yel- low; whorls seven, all convex; aperture lunar-sub- circular; lip sharp, simple, white-callous within. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 80. f. 8 and 9. Hab. Austria. Smaller and more closely convoluted than the preceding species, and of darker colour. Species 1068. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx acres. Hel. testé laté umbilicatd, convexo-lenticu- lari, carinatd, superné rufo-corned, subopacd, costato- striata, subtilissimé decussatd, subtus albidd, nitidé, infra carinam compressam albidam diluté corned ; an- Sractibus sex ad septem, contabulatis ; apertura lunato- securiformi ; peristomate recto, acuto, intus tenuissimé labiato. Tuer sHARP-EDGED Hexix. Shell broadly umbilicated, convexly lens-shaped, keeled, reddish-horny at the upper part, subopake, rib-striated, very finely decus- sated, whitish and shining beneath, dilutely horny between a white compressed keel; whorls six to * seven, planked ; aperture lunately wedge-shaped ; lip straight, very finely edged within. Partscu, Mus. Ces. Vind. Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 80. feds Hab. Dalmatia? Chiefly characterized by a prominent compressed white keel at the periphery, which is slightly raised throughout the spire. Species 1069. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Aupanica. Hel. testaé late umbilicald, discoidea, obsolete carinatd, superne granulato-decussata, corneo- Susca, albido-cinctd, subtus lutescente, fascia lata cor- neo-fusca ornatd, nitidd ; anfractibus sex, convexiuscu- lis ; umbilico magno, pervio ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, intus calloso, marginibus subapproximatis. Tue ALBANIAN Hexix. Shell broadly umbilicated, dis- coid, obsoletely keeled, granulately decussated at the upper part, horny-brown, white-zoned, yellowish be- neath, ornamented with a broad horny-brown band, shining ; whorls six, rather convex ; umbilicus large, open; aperture obliquely lunar; lip simple, sharp, callous within, margins approximated. Z1EGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iii. p. 1. f. 148. Hab. Dalmatia and Albania. The nearest allied species to the Linnean HZ. algira. 107+ 1077 7073 Heli, Pl. CLXL. 7072 HELIX. Priate CLXII. Species 1070. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix vittosa. Hel. testa aperte umbilicatd, orbiculato- depressi, villosd, lutescente-corned, opacd, striata, sub- alutaced, lenera ; anfractibus quinqgue ad sex, convexis, ultimo non deflexo; aperturd ovato-lunari ; peristo- mate subpatulo, intus labro tenui, lato, candido munito, margine columellari reflexiusculo, subincrassato. Tae wary Herrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, hairy, yellowish-horny, opake, stri- ated, somewhat leathery, thin; whorls five to six, convex, the last not deflected; aperture ovately lu- nar; lip subpatulate, with a thin broad white ring within, columellar margin somewhat reflected, rather thickened. DrararnavD, Hist. Moll. p. 104. pl. 7. f. 18. Hab. Bavaria, France, Switzerland. A small circular horny shell, covered with fine shaggy hair. Species 1071. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Ontviert. Hel. testd obtecté umbilicatd, subglo- bosd, tenera, pellucida, albida, dilute fusculo-fasciata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura lunato-roundata ; peristomate recto, intus albido-la- biato. Ourvrer’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, sub- globose, thin, transparent, whitish, dilutely brown- banded; whorls five to six, rather convex; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip straight, white-edged within. Ferussac, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. vi. p. 37. f. 365. Helix dilucida, Ziegler. Hab. Dalmatia, Corfu, Sicily. The columellar margin is, in adult specimens, thinly callously rolled back over the umbilicus. Species 1072. (Mus. Cuming). HELIX striceLLa. el. testd apert? umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, striat@, corned, albido-cingulaté, fugacissime pubescente ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis, ultimo antic? descendente ; aperturd lunato-rotundaté ; peristomate reflexiusculo, remote labiato, marginibus approximatis, columellari dilatato. THE FINELY sTRIATED HeELIx. Shell openly umbilicated, depressly globose, striated, horny, white-zoned, most fugaciously downy; whorls five to six, rather flat, the last descending in front ; aperture lunar-rounded; lip a little reflected, remotely edged, margins approxi- mated, columellar margin dilated. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 84. pl. 7. f. 1 and 2. Helix sylvestris, Alten. Helix Altenana, Gartner. Helix plebeja, Krynicki. Helix cornea, Hartmann. Hab. Europe and East Indies. A bright silken transparent species, distributed over nearly the whole of Europe and in India. Species 1073. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Rissoana. Hel. testa umbilicatd, globosd, tenui, striata, diaphand, vir nitidd, rufa; spird conoided, obtusiusculad ; anfractibus sex, converiusculis, ultimo subangulato, medio pallide cingulato, anticé breviter descendente, basi ventroso ; apertura magna, semicir- culari; peristomate intus rubello-labiato, breviter ex- panso, margine columellari in laminam brevem, umbi- licum semioccultantem, reflexo. Risso’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globose, thin, stri- ated, diaphanous, scarcely shining, red; spire conoid, rather obtuse; whorls six, rather convex, last whorl slightly angled, faintly zoned in the middle, shortly descending in front, ventricose at the base; aperture large, semicircular; lip red-edged within, shortly ex- panded, columellar margin reflected into a short la- mina, half-covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 110. Hab, Greece. Quite distinct from any of the hitherto described Euro- pean species, Species 1074. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix rruticota. Hel. testd angustd umbilicata, orbi- culato-convexd, tenuiusculd, striata, albidé ; spird pro- minuld, acutiusculd ; anfractibus septem, converiuscu- lis, ultimo anticd valde deflexo ; apertura obliqud, ro- tundato-lunari ; peristomate recto, acuto, intus angusté albo-labiato, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari supernd dilatato, fornicatim reflexo, umbilicum semi- tegente. THE sHRUB-INHABITING Hexix. Shell narrowly um- bilicated, orbicularly convex, rather thin, striated, whitish; spire a little prominent, rather sharp ; whorls seven, rather convex, the last much deflected in front; aperture oblique, rotundately lunar; lip straight, sharp, narrowly white-edged within, margins approximated, columellar margin dilated at the upper part, arch-reflected, half-covering the umbilicus. May, 1853. HELIX.—Puate CLXI. Krynicki, Bull. Moscow, vol. vi. p. 429, and vol. ix. p- 181. Hab. South Tartary. A delicate subtransparent straw-coloured shell, glo- bosely subinflated. Species 1075. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Orsinut. Hel. testé subanguste umbilicatd, durius- culd, depressd, leviter striatd, supra albd, fascia unicd corned aut coffed ornatd, subtus omnino corned vel coffed ; anfractibus sex; umbilico infundibuliformi ; aperturé ovatd, oblongiusculd ; peristomate reflexius- culo, leviter labiato, marginibus approximatis. Orsrnr’s Hetrx. Shell somewhat narrowly umbilicated, rather rough, depressed, slightly striated, white above, ornamented with a single horny or coffee- coloured band, beneath altogether horny or coffee- coloured ; whorls six ; umbilicus funnel-shaped ; aper- ture ovate, rather oblong ; lip slightly reflected, faintly edged, margins approximated. Porro, Villa disp. syst. p. 54. Has. South Italy and Sicily. Distinguished, among other characters, by its peculiar coffee-brown tinge of colouring. Species 1076. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx rristis. Hel. testé imperforatd, ovato-globosa, tenui, striatd, lineis concentricis obsolete decussatd, oli- vaceo-fuscd, rufo-fasciatd ; spird parvuld, conoided ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato ; apertura lunato-ovali, intus nitidd ; peristomate sim- plici, recto, margine columellari dilatato, reflewo, ap- presso. Tur sap Hetrx. Shell imperforated, ovately globose, thin, striated, obsoletely decussated with concentric lines, olive-brown, five-banded with red; spire rather small, conoid ; whorls four, rather convex, the last inflated; aperture lunar-oval, shining within; lip simple, straight, columellar margin dilated, reflected, appressed. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 66. Helix ceratina, Shuttleworth. Hab. Corsica. A characteristic subtransparent banded species, inflated after the manner of H. aperta. Species 1077. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Cantiana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-depressd, tenui, pellucidd, striata, corneo-lutescente ; spird vir elata ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convewiusculis, ra- pide accrescentibus, ultimo inflato, non deflexo ; aper- turd lunari ; peristomate acuto, intus labiato, margine columellari dilatato, umbilicum angustum, pervium non tegente. Cant’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, thin, pellucid, striated, horny-yellow; spire scarcely raised ; whorls five to six, rather convex, increasing rapidly, the last inflated, not deflected; aperture lunar; lip sharp, edged within, columellar margin dilated, not covering the umbilicus, which is narrow and open. Monracu, Test. Brit. p. 422. pl. 23. f. 1. Helix Carthusiana, Draparnaud. Helix pallida, Jeffreys. Hab, Britain and the South of France. A light rust-tinged shell, simply turbinated, with a nearly circular aperture. Species 1078. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Fruscosa. Hel. testa aperté umbilicata, subdepressd, decussato-plicatuld, subtus levi, nitidissimd, pallida ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, angustis ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, acuto. Tue piney Hettx. Shell openly umbilicated, rather de- pressed, decussately finely plicated, smooth beneath, very shining, pale; whorls five to six, narrow; aper- ture rotundately lunar; lip straight, simple, sharp. ZrecueER, Rossmiisler, vol. viii. p. 35. f. 523. Hab. Sicily, Corsica. Of a shining brown-red above and. yellowish-green be- neath, with an open subperspective umbilicus. Species 1079. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LimBata. Hel. testa subobtecté umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, subtilissimé striatd, pellucid2 corneo- lutescente, ad peripheriam subcarinatd, carind alba, opacd ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ultimo anticé non descendente ; apertura lunari ; peristomate reflext- usculo, leviter labiato, margine columellari breviter di- latato, umbilicum semitegente. Tue LIMBED Hextx. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, depressly globose, very finely striated, trans- parent horny-yellow, slightly keeled at the periphery, keel white, opake; whorls six, rather flat, last whorl not descending in front; aperture lunar; lip a little reflected, slightly edged, columellar margin shortly dilated, half-covering the umbilicus. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 100. pl. 6. f. 29. Hab. Britain. Encircled throughout the periphery with a very charae- teristic white keel. ri Helix, Pl. CLAM. WSO 7053 10856 7088 sh re a —— 7 a i HELIX. Piare CLXILL. Species 1080. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Cypria. Jel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, solidius- culd, superne costulato-striatd, sericindé, fulvd, basi levigatd, pallidiore ; spird vix elevatd, obtusissimd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planiusculis, lente accres- centibus, ullimo anticé non descendente, basi subplanu- lato, circa umbilicum mediocrem impresso ; apertura obliqud, rotundato-lunavi ; peristomate simplici, acuto. Tue Cyperus Herix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather solid, finely rib-like striated at the upper part, silky, fulvous, smooth aud paler at the base; spire scarcely raised, very obtuse; whorls five to six, rather flat, increasing slowly, last whorl not descending in front, rather flattened at the base, impressed around the middling umbilicus; aperture oblique, rotundately lunar; lip simple, sharp. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fi Malac. 1847. p. 12. Hab. sland of Cyprus. A dull light fulvous shell, shining around the umbilicus, Species 1081. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix umBrosa. Jel. testé umbilicatd, suborbiculato- depress, obtuse carinatd, tenui, pellucidd, corned vel alhido-lutescente, subtilissimée granulaté; unfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo vix deflexo ; umbilico infundibuliformi ; apertura transverse ovali ; peristo- mate intus tenuissimé labiato, simplici, expunso, mar- ginibus approximatis, Tue suapvy Herrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat orhi- cularly depressed, obtuscly keeled, thin, transparent, horny or whitish-yellow, very finely granwated ; whorls five, rather convex, the last deflected in front; um- bilicus fuunel-shaped ; aperture transversely oval ; lip very thinly edged within, simple, expanded, with the margins approximated, Partscu, Mus. Ces. Vindobonensis ; Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. i. p. 64. f. 13, and vol. vii. p. 1. f. 424. Hab, Austria, Bavaria, Saxony. A light transparent subdiscvid species. Species 1082. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix LANUGINOSA. Hel. testa umbilicald, globoso-de- pressi, lutescente-corned, hispidd, opuct, lavissime sul- carinaté ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, planiusculis ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomute subpatulo, acuto, intus levissimé calloso, roseo, margine colunel- lari reflexo. Tue powny Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, yellowish-horny, hairy, opake, very faintly vbsoletely keeled; whorls five to six, rather flat ; aperture rotundately lunar; lip subpatulate, sharp, very smooth within, callous, rose-tinged, columellar margin reflected. Botssy, Mag. de Zool. 1535, Moll. pl. 69. Helix roseotincta, Forbes. Hah. \sland of Majorea, Oran, Constantine. A light thin shell, of a delicate blush-rose tint about the lip, covered with a slight down. Species 1083. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX NEGLECTA. Hel. testd apertd umbilicatd, subtur- binato-depressé, allidd, fusco fasciaté ; anfractilus quingue, convexis, ullimo non deflero; apertura lu- nato-rotundd ; peristomale recto, intus subrufo-labiato, marginibus subapproximatis. THE NEGLECTED HeELix. Shell openly umbilicated, some- what turbinately depressed, whitish, brown-banded ; whorls five, convex, the last not deflected ; aperture lunar-rounded ; lip straight, faintly red-edged within, margins rather approximated. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 108. pl. 6. f. 12, 13. Hab. France, Spain, North Italy. A prettily banded species, with a pink-tinged rounded aperture. Species 1084. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix antiaria. Hel, testa angustlé umbilicata, convexo- depress, politd, nilidissima, diaphand, supernd fulod, sublus albida ; anfractiius quinque, viz convexiusculis, regulariter accrescentibus ; uperturd depressd, oblique lunari; peristomale recto, acuto, simplici. Tue Gartick Herx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, con- vexly depressed, polished, very shining, diaphanous, fulvous at the wpper part, whitish beneath; whorls five, scarcely convex, regularly increasing ; aperture depressed, obliquely lunar; lip straight, sharp, simple. Mixer, Annals of Philosophy, vol. vii. p. 379. Helix alliacea, Jeffreys. Helix glubra, Studer. Helix lurida, Studer. Tlelix nitens, Sheppard. Helix fotida, Stark. Helix tenera, Hartmann. Zonites alliarius, Gray. June, 1853. OLELULA.-FLATE OLA. Hab. Germany, France, Britain. A depressed glossy horny species, with a rather small open umbilicus. Species 1085. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Cartuustana. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressd, minute striatd, corneo-albidd, subpellucida ; spird parum elatd, plerumque mammillata ; anfracti- bus quingue ad sex, vix convewiusculis, ultimo anticé subdefleco ; apertura late lunari, intus labiatd ; peri- stomate acuto, subexpanso, rubello, margine basali sub- recto, columellari umbilicum semitegente. Tue Cartaustan Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, minutely striated, horny -white, rather transparent; spire but little raised, generally mamil- lated; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last a little deflected in front; aperture broadly lunar, edged within; lip sharp, a little expanded, reddish, basal margin nearly straight, columellar margin half- covering the umbilicus. Muter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 15. Helix nitida, Chemnitz. Helix Carthusianella, Draparnaud. Helix Olivieri, var., Férussac. Helix Gibbsii, Leach. Heliz rufilabris, Jeffreys. Hab. Southern Europe and the British Isles. Chiefly characterized by its inner-thickened red-edged lip. Species 1086. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix Gemonensis. Hel. testd laté umbilicata, orbicu- lato-convexd, carinatd, lutescente, superné striata, sub- decussatd, sericind, subtus glabra; anfractibus sex, planiusculis ; aperturé angulato-lunatd ; peristomate recto, acuto, sublabiato. Tue Gemona Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, keeled, yellowish, striated at the upper part, slightly decussated, silky, smooth be- neath; whorls six, rather flat; aperture angularly lunar ; lip straight, sharp, a little edged. Frrussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 80. f. 6. Helix isodoma, Jan. Hab. Environs of Gemona, Italy. A pale silky horny species, depressed and keeled, with an open subperspective umbilicus. Species 1087. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix rurescens. Hel. testd perspective umbilicatd, sub- globoso-depressd, subcarinatd, striatuld, pallidé rufes- cente; spird parum elatd ; anfractibus sex, convexius- culis, ultimo obscur? albido-cingulato, antice non de- fleco ; aperturé ovato-lunari ; peristomate patulo, re- mote albo-labiato, margine columellari reflewiusculo. Tue reppisH Hexrx. Shell perspectively umbilicated, somewhat globosely depressed, slightly keeled, finely striated, pale reddish; spire but little raised; whorls six, rather convex, the last obscurely white-girt, not deflected in front; aperture ovately lunar; lip patu- late, remotely white-edged, columellar margin a little reflected. Pennant, British Zoology (4th edit.) vol. iv. p. 134. pl. 85. f. 127. Helix turturum, Gmelin. Helix corrugata and clandestina, Hartmann. Helix circinata, Studer. Helix montana and strialata, C. Pfeiffer. Hab. France, Britain, Germany. A reddish subtransparent silky species, largely perspec- tively umbilicated. Species 1088. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Supensis. Hel. testd subampliter umbilicata, de- pressd, regulariter et confertim costulatd, tenui, dia- phand, rubello-corned ; spird vix elevatd ; anfractibus sex, convexis ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari vix dilatato. Tue Supa Hetrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, de- pressed, regularly and closely fine-ribbed, thin, dia- phanous, reddish-horny; spire but little raised ; whorls six, convex; aperture rotundately lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar edge scarcely dilated. PFEIFFER, Symbol, vol. iil. p. 67. Hab. Suda, Island of Candia; Forbes. Allied to the preceding species, but somewhat rougher in growth, and less broadly depressed. Species 1089. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx canpicans. Hel. testd umbilicaté, convexo-de- pressd, striatuld, nitidd, candida, interdum lineis pal- lide rufis circumdatd ; spird vie elatd, apice fusca ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo non descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; aperturd magna, lunato- rotundatd ; peristomate simplici, intus subtiliter labi- ato, maryinibus approximatis. Tur wurtisnh Hexix. Shell umbilicated, convexly de- pressed, finely striated, shining, whitish, sometimes encircled with faint red lines; spire scarcely raised, brown at the apex ; whorls five, convex, the last not descending ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture large, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, finely edged within, margins approximated. Z1EGLER, Pfeiffer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1841, p. 220. Varieties, Helix arenosa, Ziegler. Helix dejecta, Jan. Hab. Hungary. Of a Qyclostoma-like form, with an open funnel-shaped umbilicus. 1041 1094 Helix, Pl. CLX1V. 1040 7092 1098 . 1096 47098 709). a HELIX. Pirate CLXIV. Species 1090. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix cAPERATA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-glolosd, costulato-striatd, allidd vel lutescente, fasciis strigisque Suscis plerumque interruptis ornatd ; spird acute con- vera; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo non de- jfleco ; umbilico mediocri, aperto ; apertura lunato-ro- tundd ; peristomate recto, acuto, intus fulvo- vel rufo- labiato. THE WRINKLED Herix. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, fine rib-like striated, whitish or yellowish, or- namented with brown streaks and bands, generally interrupted; spire sharply convex ; whorls five, con- vex, the last not deflected ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunar-rounded; lip straight, sharp, fulvous or red-edged in the interior. Monvraav, Test. Brit. p. 430. pl. 11. f. 11. Helix striata, Draparnaud. Helix intersecta, Poiret. Helix crenulata, Dillwyn. Hab. Britain and Southern Europe. A small concentrically banded species, rouge-tinted in the aperture. Species 1091. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GLABELLA. Hel. testa umbilicatd, subdepressd, gla- bra, nitidd, cornea ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, pla- niusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo obsolet2 angu- lato, lined pallida circumdato, antice subdeflexo ; um- bilico angusto, pervio ; apertura rotundato-lunari ; pe- ristomate recto, acuto, intus sublabiato, margine colu- - mellari reflexiusculo. Tue smoot Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, smooth, shining, horny; whorls five to six, rather flat, increasing gradually, the last obsoletely angled, encircled with a faint line, a little deflected in front ; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip straight, sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin slightly reflected. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 102. pl. 7. f. 6. Helix sericea, var., Rossmiisler. Hab. France. A slightly depressed semitransparent horny shell, ob- tusely keeled at the periphery. Species 1092. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CELLARIA. Hel. testd apertd umbilicata, depressé, planiusculd, nitidd, subpellucidd, striatuld, pallide vi- rente-corned, subtus albida; anfractihus sex, planu- latis, ultimo depresso ; aperturd vix obliqud, depress, oblique lunari; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari non reflexo. Tue ceLLar Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, depressed, rather flat, shining, semitransparent, finely striated, pale greenish-horny, whitish beneath; whorls six, rather flat, the last depressed; aperture a little ob- lique, depressed, obliquely lunar; lip simple, acute, columellar margin not reflected. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 28. Helix lucida, Pulteney. Helix nitens, Maton and Rackett. Hab, Central Europe. A pale straw-coloured, subtransparent, but rather solid shining shell. Species 1093. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Batmer. Hel. testd apert2 umbilicata, orbiculata, convexiusculd, striata, corneo-fulvd, subtus lactescente, striis longitudinaliter regulariter dispositis ; anfrac- tibus ser, convexis ; suturd impressd; apertura ovali, compressa, labro simplici, acuto, apice obtuso. Batme’s Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, orbicular, rather convex, striated, horny-fulvous, whitish be- neath, with longitudinally regularly disposed strix ; whorls six, convex ; suture impressed ; aperture oval, compressed, lip simple, sharp, ‘apex obtuse. Porrez and Micuaup, Moll. Galerie de Douai, vol. i. p- 120. Hab. Sardinia. Closely allied to the preceding species, but more com- pressed and of darker colour. Species 1094. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx TurBINATA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, conico-globosa, solidiusculd, minutd striata, alba, fasciis et flammulis Juscis variegatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converi- usculis, ultimo inflato; apertura lunato-rotundata ; peristomate simplict, intus labiato, margine columel- lari subreflexo, umbilicum angustissimum semitegente. Tue TURBINATED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conically globose, rather solid, minutely striated, white, varie- gated with brown bands and flames; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last inflated; aperture lunar- rounded ; lip simple, edged within, columellar mar- gin a little reflected, half-covering a very narrow um- bilicus. June, 1853. MWELIX.—Puiate CLXIV. Jan, Mautissa, p. 2. Hab. Sicily, Jan. The identification with this species of the shell, re- presented in the accompanying plate, is not so satisfactory as could be wished. Species 1095. (Mus. Cuming.) Heutx pettucrns. el. testa umbilicatd, conoideo-glo- bos, tenui, oblique conferlissimé striatd, diaphand, pallide fulvescente, lineis et fasciis saturatioribus sepe interruplis ornatd ; spird conoided, acutiusculd ; an- Sractibus sex, convewiusculis, ultimo anlice non descen- dente, busi ventroso ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peri- stomate acuto, intus sublabiato, margine columellari membrunaceo, breviter reflexo. THE SUBLRANSPARENT Hopurx. Shell umbilicated, co- noidly globose, thin, obliquely very closely striated, diaphanous, pale fulvous, ornamented with darker lines and bands, which are often interrupted; spire conoid, rather sharp; whorls six, rather convex, the last not descending in front, ventricose at the base ; aperture lunar-cireular; lip sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin membranaceous, shortly reflected. SuutrLeworri (Mus. Cuming). Mab. Corsica. A very prettily banded half-opake half-diaphanous shell. Species 1096. (Mus. Cuming.) Verrx Brpuns. el. testé obtectd umbilicatd, turbinato- globosa, corned, pellucide cingulatd, superné eleganter costulato-striatd ; anfractibus septem, vix convexiuscu- lis; apertura depress, trisinuato-lunari ; peristomate subreflexo, albo- vel rufo-labiato, basi intus bidentato, exlus scrobiculato. Tur tTwo-toorHeD Hrurx. Shell with a covered umbi- lieus, turbinately globose, horny, transparently belted, elegantly rib-like striated about the upper part ; whorls seven, rather convex; aperture depressed, trisinuately lunar; lip a little reflected, white or red- edged, two-toothed at the base within, pitted with- out. Trochus bidens, Chemnitz, Conch, Cab. vol. xi. part 2. p- 50. pl. 122. f. 1052. Helix hidentata, Gmelin. TTelix pyramidea, Hartmann. Tlah. Germany, Vrance, Sweden. A characteristically two-toothed shell, with somewhat of a Neritina aspect. Species 1097. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex pyrammpata, Jel. testa orbiculato-pyramidati, striatuld, ulbidii, unicolore vel varie fusco-fusciald et . ie varieqgutd ; spird conicd, obtusa ; anfractibus sex, con- vexis, ullimo basi planiusculo, antice non descendente ; apertura depressd, late lunari ; peristomate recto, intus labiato. Tue pyramipaL Hexrx. Shell orbicularly pyramidal, finely striated, whitish, of one colour, or variously brown-banded and variegated ; spire conical, obtuse ; whorls six, convex, the last rather flat at the base, not descending in front; aperture depressed, broadly lunar; lip straight, edged within. Draparnavd, Hist. Moll. p. 80. pl. 5. f. 6. Hab, Frauce, Italy, Greece, Sicily. Of a somewhat depressed pyramidal form. Species 1098. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Syrraca. Hel. lesté obtect® umbilicatd, globoso- depressd, grised, pelluciduld, plerumque fasciis calca- reis opacis ornatd, parum nilidd, minutissimé rugu- losa ; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, plani- usculis, ultimo anticé vix descendente; apertura late lunari; peristomate subpatulo, rufo, albo-labiato. Tue Syrran Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globosely depressed, grey, transparent, generally or- namented with two opake chalk-like bands, but little shining, very minutely rugulose ; spire rather convex ; whorls five, rather flat, the last a little descending in front ; aperture broadly lunar; lip rather patulate, red, white-edged. Enrenserc, Symb. phys. moll. Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 131. Helix onychina, Rossmiisler. Helix gregaria, Ziegler. Hab. Syria, Egypt, Algeria. A semitransparent shell, encircled with two very cha- racteristie opake chalk-like bands. Species 1099. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx criata. Jel. test umbilicatd, globoso-depressd, carinatd, conicd, opacd, syuamulis membranaceis trans- versim dispositis aspera, carind membranaceo-ciliata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis ; apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomale refleniusculo, fusculo-subla- biato. Tue cruratep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, keeled, horny, opake, roughened with meim- branaceous scales arranged transversely, keel mem- Irane-ciliated ; whorls four to five, rather flat; aper- ture lunar-oval; lip somewhat reflected, brownish sub-edyed. VENETZ, Studer, Syst. Verz. p. 86. Tlelix hirsuta, San. Hab, Switzerland and the Tyrol. Readily distinguished hy its ciliated surface and keel. Helix, Fl. CLAY. 7100. 7/02 1104 2S 11038 . a —_ ee =S 7103 7104 a 7106 W085 W109 Sowerby, del ethth HELIX. Prate CLXV. Species 1100. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewtx excavatTa. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, striata, nitidd, pellucidd, corned ; spird subele- vata ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, lent2 accres- centibus, ultimo non descendente ; apertura obliqud, subcirculari ; peristomate simplici, tenui. Tue ExcAvaTED HeLix. Shell broadly umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, striated, shining, transparent, horny ; spire scarcely raised; whorls five, rather convex, in- creasing slowly, the last not descending; aperture oblique, nearly circular; lip simple, thin. Bean, Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot. vol. ii. p. 107. Helix nitida, var., Jeffreys. Has. Britain and Ireland. A horny circular shell, with a broad, open, perspective umbilicus. Species 1101. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLrx rupERATA. Hel. testa perspective umbilicata, de- pressa, lutescente-corned, concolore, sublilissimé costu- lato-striatd ; spird convexa ; anfractibus quinque, con- vexis, ultimo basi rotundato ; apertura perobliqud, lu- nato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. THe ruBBisH Hexrx. Shell perspectively umbilicated, depressed, yellowish-horny, of one colour, very finely rib-like striated; spire convex; whorls five, convex, the last rounded at the base; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, sharp, with the margins ap- proximating. Sruperr, Verz. p. 12; Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 79. f. 6. Helix rotundata, var., Nilsson. Hai. Europe. Distributed throughout the continent, from Switzerland to Sweden. Species 1102. (Mus, Cuming.) HeLix nitma. Hel. testé aperte umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressi, striata, pellucidd, fulvo-fuscd, concolore, ni- tidd ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo tereti, circa umbilicum excavato ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine basali arcuato. Tue sHINING Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, striated, transparent, fulvous - brown, of one colour, shining ; whorls five, rather convex, the last slender, excavated around the umbi- licus ; aperture lunar-circular ; lip thin, sharp, basal margin arched. Mcuter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 32. Heliz lucida, Draparnaud. Hab. Europe. Of a peculiar reddish fulvous-brown colour. Species 1103. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx uisprpa. Hel. testa apert2 umbilicata, suborbicu- lato-depressd, corned, pilis brevibus hispida, nitiduld ; spird convera ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converius- culis, angustis ; apertura late lunari; peristomate pa- tulo, intus albo-labiato, labio in margine basali stricti- usculo, acute prominente. Tue narry Hexrx. Shell openly umbilicated, rather or- bicularly depressed, horny, downy with short hairs, shining; spire convex ; whorls five to six, rather con- vex, narrow; aperture broadly lunar; lip patulate, white-edged within, lip at the basal margin a little drawn out, sharply prominent. Linn vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1244. Heliz sericea, C. Pfeiffer. Helix concinna, Jeffreys. Helix hispidula, Jan. Hab. Germany, France, Austria. Somewhat globosely convoluted, with a rather narrow, though open, umbilicus. Species 1104. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Fusca. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressd, tenuis- sim, pellucida, corned, nitidd, superné rugoso-plicatula, basi converiusculd, levigatd; spird vir elevata; an- fractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo obsoletd angu- lato; columella brevissima, subcerticali ; apertura lu- nari ; peristomate simplici, aculo, margine columellari refleriusculo. Tue Brown Hetrx. Shell imperforated, depressed, very thin, transparent, horny, shining, finely rugosely pli- cated about the upper part, rather convex and smooth at the base; spire scarcely raised ; whorls five, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled; columella very short, subvertical; aperture lunar; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin rather reflected. Montacu, Testacea Britannica, p. 424. pl. 13. f. 1. Helix subrufescens, Miller. Hab. Britain and Ireland. June, 1853. HELIX.—Puiate CLXV. This species would hardly be recognized by its name, being a delicate wrinkled shell, of a light transparent yel- lowish horny substance. Species 1105. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx nitipuna. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, globoso-de- press, sublavi, superné rufescente, subtus albidd ; spird subelevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, vix con- veriusculis, ultimo anticé dilatato; apertura perobli- qua, lunato-oblongd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, mar- gine supero antrorsum dilatato, columellari breviter arcuato. Tue sHINING Heix. Shell broadly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, rather smooth, reddish about the upper part, whitish beneath; spire scarcely raised ; whorls four to five, but little convex, the last dilated in front; aperture very oblique, lunar-oblong ; lip simple, sharp, upper margin dilated in front, colu- mellar shortly arched. Draparnavd, Hist. Moll. p. 117. Zonites nitidulus, Gray. Hab. Europe. More or less shining in some specimens than others, and more or less flatly convoluted. Species 1106. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx Copresrana. el. testé umbilicatd, conoideo-glo- bosd, corned, multispird, pubescente ; anfractibus sex, ultimo albido-cingulaté ; apertura depressd, lunari ; peristomate patulo, intus labiato, margine basali uni- dentato. Tue Coprestan Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conoidly globose, horny, many-spired, pubescent ; whorls six, the last white-encircled ; aperture depressed, lunar ; lip patulate, edged within, basal margin one-toothed. ALTEN, Moll. p. 79. pl. 9. f. 18. Helix unidentata, Draparnaud. Helix monodon, Férussac. Toothless variety. Helix edentula, Draparnaud. Hab. Germany, France. Of a peculiar globosely conoid form, with a character- istic oblong tooth, which is sometimes obsolete. Species 1107. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix pepruata, Hel. testé umbilicatd, subgloboso-de- pressd, striata, nitidd, corned ; anfractibus sex, angus- tis, convexis, ultimo obsolete angulato, lined pallidé cir- cumdato ; umbilico majusculo, pervio; apertura de- press, lunari; peristomate recto, acuto, intus albo- labiato, margine basali stricto, cum columellari brevis- simo angulum formante. Tue BALD Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat glo- bosely depressed, striated, shining, horny; whorls six, narrow, convex, the last obsoletely angled, en- circled by a faint line; umbilicus rather large, open ; aperture depressed, lunar; lip straight, sharp, white- edged within, basal margin drawn out, forming an angle with the very short columellar margin. C. Prerrrer, Moll. vol. i. p. 35. pl. 2. f. 18. Hab, Germany. A light yellowish horny shell of globose form, deeply umbilicated. Species 1108. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix REVELATA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, tenui, diaphand, nitidad, virente-corned, subtilissime striatd et corrugatuld, hispidd, pilis sparsis, brevibus, rigidulis ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, rapide accres- centibus, ultimo inflato ; apertura lunato-circulari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari subdi- latato, patente. THE DISCOVERED Herix. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, thin, diaphanous, shining, greenish-horny, very finely striated and wrinkled, hairy, hairs few, short, and rather rigid; whorls four, convex, in- creasing rapidly, the last inflated; aperture lunar- circular; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin a little dilated, patent. Fervussac, Prodrome, p. 273. Hab. France, Guernsey, Jersey. Of a delicate greenish Vitrina-like aspect. Species 1109. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix sericea. Hel. testd umbilicatad, subglobosd, cor- ned, pilis minutis densis hirtd ; anfractihus quinque, convexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus ; apertura late lunari ; peristomate vix patulo, acuto, intus sublabiato, margine columellari refleiusculo, umbilicum semite- gente. Tue strky Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, horny, densely covered with minute hairs; whorls five, rather convex, increasing rapidly; aperture broadly lunar ; lip scarcely patulate, sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin a little reflected, half-covering the umbilicus. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 103. pl. 7. f. 16, 17. Helix pallescens and rubiginosa, Ziegler. Helix granulata, Alder. Hab. Europe. Very transparent, covered with short hairs, sometimes tinged with red at the apex. a - ‘ 7 . - 7 = > _ _ 7 - 7 , 7 , , 7 ) _ : _ 7 - i 7 » os ae 7 7 We = 7 7 a? ’ = oD * 7 & . 7 . Pay = a - = a ‘ Lal > ; : > -\& y he = ” _ - & oe. (antl = - o — 5 7? 7 7 - oe Felix, FL.CLEVA, HELIX. Pirate CLXVI. Fig. 1110. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be H. pura, Alder, de- scribed in Pl. CXXI. Fig. 715. Species 1111. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx acuLeata. Hel. testé umbilicatd, pusilla, globoso- turbinatd, corneo-lutescente, lamellicostatd, costis in ci- lia elongatis ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis ; apertura rotundata ; peristomate membranaceo, subexpanso, mar- ginihus approximatis. Tue prickLy Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, small, glo- bosely turbinated, horny-yellow, lamella-ribbed, ribs elongated into lashes; whorls four, convex ; aperture rounded ; lip membranaceous, a little expanded, with the margins approximated. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 81. Helix spinulosa, Lightfoot. Trochus terrestris, Pennant. Hab. Central and Southern Europe. A minute prickly haired shell, with somewhat the form of a Paludina. Fig. 1112. (Mus. Cuming.) A variety of H. occidentalis, described in Pl. CLIV. Sp. 1005. Species 1113. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx sonarta. Hel. testd latissime umbilicaté, lenticu- lari, superné planiusculd, subtus excavatd, tenui, cos- tulato-striatd, corned, rufo-maculatd, acute carinatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, planulatis, lente accrescenti- bus ; apertura securiformi ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE suN-LIKE Hexrx. Shell very broadly umbilicated, rather flat at the upper part, excavated beneath, thin, rib-like striated, horny, red-spotted, sharply keeled ; whorls six to seven, flat, increasing slowly ; aperture wedge-shaped ; lip simple, sharp. MeENKE, Synopsis (2nd edit.), p. 19. Moll. vol. vii. p. 12. f. 453. Helix perspectiva, Muhlfeldt. Helix Megerlei, Jan. Helix rotundata, var., Férussac. Hab. Austria. Rossmiisler, ist. | | | HELIX ROTUNDATA. Very widely convoluted, almost on a sharp discoid plane. Species 1114. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx crystaiina. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, vitred, diaphand, glabra, nitidissima ; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, planiusculis ; aperturd lunari ; peri- stomate recto, simplict. THE CRYSTALLINE Hetix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, glassy, diaphanous, smooth, very shining; whorls four to five, rather flat; aperture lunar; lip straight, simple. Mutter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 23. Helix pellucida, Pennant. Helix eburnea, Hartmann. Helix vitrea, Brown. Hab. Europe. A minute pale glassy shell, of rounded form. Species 1115. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex umpriicata. el. testé umbilicald, depresso-tur- binatd, minul2 striata, sericind, fusco-corned ; anfrac- tibus quinque, convexis, ultimo anticé non descendente ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; aperturd rotundata ; peri- stomate simplici, acuto, recto. Tue umBILIcaTeD Heix. Shell umbilicated, depressly turbinated, minutely striated, silky, brown-horny ; whorls five, convex, the last not descending in front ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture rounded; lip simple, sharp, straight. Monracu, Testacea Britannica, p. 434. pl. 13. f. 2 Helix rupestris, Férussac. Helix aliena, Ziegler. Helix spirula, Villa. Zonites umbilicatus, Gray. Hab. Central and Southern Europe. A minute brown-horny species, deeply umbilicated Species 1116. (Mus. Cuming.) Hel. testd perspective umbilicata, depressd, arctispird, corneo-lutescente, rufo-maculata, subtiliter costulato-striata ; spird convera; anfracti- bus sex ad seplem, planulatis, ultimo angulato ; aper- June, 1853. HELIX.—Piate CLXVI. tura depressd, lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, acuto. THe nounpED Hexix. Shell perspectively umbilicated, depressed, close-spired, horny-yellow, red-spotted, finely rib-like striated; spire convex; whorls six to seven, flattened, the last angled; aperture depressed, lunar ; lip straight, simple, sharp. Mctter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 29. Helix radiata, Da Costa. Helix Turtoni, Fleming. Zonites rotundatus, Gray. Hab. Britain, Germany, France, Sweden. A flattened subdiscoid shell, with an open perspective umbilicus, spotted and streaked with red. Species 1117. (Mus. Cuming.) Heutx rutva. Hel. testd imperforatd, turbinato-globoséa, corned, minutissimé striatuld, nitidd ; anfractibus sex, converis, angustissimis, ultimo basi convewiusculo ; apertura depressd, lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici, acuto. THe FuLtvous Herrx. Shell imperforated, turbinately globose, horny, very minutely finely striated, shin- ing ; whorls six, convex, very narrow, the last rather convex at the base; aperture depressed, lunar ; lip straight, simple, sharp. Motter, Hist. Verm. vol. ii. p. 56? Helix trochiformis, Montagu. Helia trochulus, Dillwyn. Helix chersina, Say. Helix Mandralisci, Bivon. Helix Mortoni, Jeffreys. Hab. Europe and North America. A small glassy trochus-shaped species, not umbilicated. Species 1118. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LAMELLATA. Hel. testd umbilicatad, conoideo-glo- bosi, membranaceo-costulaté, sericind, corned ; anfrac- tibus quinque, subequalibus ; apertura depressa, lu- nari; peristomate simplici, recto, acuto. THE LAMELLATED He.rx. Shell umbilicated, conoidly globose, membranaceously fine-ribbed, silky, horny ; whorls five, nearly equal; aperture depressed, lunar ; lip simple, straight, sharp. JEFFREYS, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 333. Helix Scarburgensis, Turton. Helix seminulum, Rossmiisler. Had. Britain and Ireland. A small, delicately transparent, globosely turbinated shell, encircled throughout with very fine membranaceous lamelle. Species 1119. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is the H. radiatula, Alder (Zonites radiatulus, Gray), but Dr. Pfeiffer considers it to be only a more distinctly striated variety of H. pura. Helir, LU, CLXVU. > a ee HELIX. Prate CLXVII. Species 1120. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Kocur. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-depressd, soliduld, oblique distinct? striatd, albida, fasciis plu- ~ ribus rufis ad peripheriam ornaté ; spird parum ele- vatd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus sex, convexis, sensim acerescentibus, ultimo subcylindraceo ; umbilico magno, pervio; apertura lunato-circulari; peristomate sim- plici, acuto, marginibus conniventibus, dextro antror- sum arcuato, columellari dilatato. Kocu’s Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, rather solid, obliquely distinctly striated, whitish, ornamented at the periphery with several red bands ; spire but little raised, rather obtuse; whorls six, convex, increasing gradually, the last subcylindrical ; umbilicus large, open; aperture lunar-circular; lip simple, sharp, margins approximating, right margin arched in front, columellar dilated. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 127. Hab. ? Partaking very much of the form of Cyclostoma. Species 1121. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx mnsoumwa. Hel. testé umbilicatd, globoso-depressé, nuda, corneo-lutescente, angusté trifasciatd, striata ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo antice subito de- jflexo ; apertura obliqua, transverse ovali ; peristomate reflexo, sublabiato, marginibus conniventibus, subconvexis, columellari basi dilatato, tuberculifero. Tue ticur Hexix. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, nude, horny-yellow, narrowly three-banded, striated; whorls five, convex, the last suddenly de- flected in front; aperture oblique, transversely oval ; lip reflected, slightly edged, margins approximating, almost connected, columellar margin rather dilated and tuberculiferous at the base. ZieG LER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. viii. p. 31. f. 506. Helix pretextata, Parreyss. Zab. Albania. A light transparent species, with a rather large and deep umbilicus. Species 1122. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Zonites. Hel. testd umbilicatéd, depressd, tenui, diaphana, confertim costulato-striata, lutescente-cornea ; spirad via elatd; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, regu- lariter accrescentibus, ullimo supra medium lined rufé, ad apicem usque conspicud ornato, basi leviore, subpla- nulato ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura depressé, oblique lunato-ovali, intus margaritaced ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari breviter patente. Tue Zonrres Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, diaphanous, closely rib-like striated, yellowish-horny ; spire but little raised; whorls six, rather convex, in- creasing regularly, last whorl conspicuously orna- mented with a red line above the middle as far as the spire, smoother and rather flattened at the base ; umbilicus middling, open; aperture depressed, ob- liquely lunar-oval, inclined to pearl within; lip sim- ple, straight, columellar margin shortly patent. PrerrFeER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 127. Hab. ? Well characterized by its densely rib-striated surface. Species 1123. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLtx compressa. Hel. testd late umbilicata, depresso- orbiculatd, obtuse angulatd, superne rufescente, sericina, minutissime clathratd, subtus nitidd, albido-cincta, ci- nereo albidoque radiata, infra angulum interrupte rufes- cente-vittald; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis; apertura obliqué lunari; peristomate recto, acuto, intus sudbla- biato. THE compRESsSED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, obtusely angled, reddish at the upper part, silky, very minutely cancellated, shining beneath, white-encircled, rayed with ash and white, inter- ruptedly red-filleted beneath the angle; whorls six, rather convex ; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip straight, sharp, slightly edged within. Z1EGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iii. p. 2. f. 150. Hab, Fiume. A broad subdiscoid shell, more or less compressly flat- tened. Species 1124. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Herx Croatica. Hel. testd late umbilicatd, orbiculato- convexd, superne confertim costulato-striatd, subtilissime decussatad, sericind, corned, obtuse angulatd, albido- July, 1853. HELIX.—Purate CLXVII. cinctd, subtus nitidd, lutescente-albidd, infra angulum corneo-fasciata; anfractibus septem, supremis acute ca- rinatis, reliquis convexiusculis ; aperturd oblique lu- nari; peristomate recto, acuto, intus vix albo-calloso. Tue Croatian Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, or- bicularly convex, closely rib-like striated about the upper part, very finely decussated, silky, horny, ob- tusely angled, white-encircled, shining and yellowish- white beneath, horn-banded below the angle ; whorls seven, the uppermost sharply keeled, the rest rather conyex ; aperture obliquely lunar ; lip straight, acute, a little white-callous within. Parrscu, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. iii. p. 3. f. 151. Helix acies, var., Cantraine. Hab. Croatia. A dull olive species, shining and largely umbilicated beneath. Species 1125. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Sapiertana. Hel. testa late et aperté umbilicaté, orbiculato-depressi, superne pilis brevissimis rigidis dense obsitd, tenui, diaphand, lutescente-corned, rufo unifasciald, in albidé vitté utrinque fasciis dilutissimis | terminatd ; anfractibus quinque, planulatis ; apertura | rotundato-lunari; peristomate reflexo, albo-labiato, mar- | Hab ‘ab. ginibus distantibus. Sapier’s Hexrx. Shell broadly and deeply umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, densely beset with very short, rigid hairs, thin, diaphanous, yellowish-horny, red- banded, terminated in a whitish fillet, with very faint bands on each side; whorls five, rather flattened ; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip reflected, white-edged, with the margins distant. ZIEGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. vii. p. 29. f. 502. Hab. Croatia. A light, semitransparent, straw-coloured shell, faintly banded, beset with minute bristles. Species 1126. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Dititwyntana. Hel. testi subprofunde umbilicatéa, orbiculatd, crassiuscula, opaco-albd, subrugosd, apice livido-fuscd ; spird impresso-pland ; anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, subrotundatis ; apertura oblongo-lu- nari; peristomate late reflexo, appresso, marginihus subapproximatis. Ditiwyn’s Hetrx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, or- bicular, rather thick, opake-white, rather rough, livid- brown at the apex; spire impressly flattened; whorls four to five, somewhat rounded; aperture oblong- lunar; lip broadly reflected, appressed, margins rather approximated. PreirFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. +) A characteristic solid opake-white shell, stained with bright livid-brown at the extreme apex. Helia, Ft, CLXVII. —_— = HELIX. Pirate CLXVITI. Species 1127. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Herrx GroumManni. Hel. testa obtecté umbilicatd, orbi- culato-depressa, carinatd, subtiliter striata, albidd, seriatim fusco-maculata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, subplanulatis, ultimo anticé subdeflexo ; apertura securiformi, lunatd, intus saturate fasciatd ; peristo- mate simplici, margine supero subexpanso, basali ap- presse reflexo, ad columellam subdilatato, carneo. Groumann’s Hexrx. orbicularly depressed, keeled, finely striated, whitish, with three or four brown-blotched bands; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last a little deflected in front ; aperture wedge-lunar, darkly banded | within ; lip simple, upper margin a little expanded, basal appressly reflected, slightly dilated and flesh- Shell with a covered umbilicus, tinged at the columella. Purtrers, Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 128. pl. 8. f. 3. Hab. Sicily. Rather roughly rib-striated, with the red-brown band much interrupted and blotched. Species 1128. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx pecorata. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, tenui, striatuld, albidd, teniis variis interruptis castaneis interdum confluentibus decoraté ; spira brevi, obtusa; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis, ultimo descendente ; apertura rotundato-lu- nari, intus livido-fuscd ; peristomate acuto, intus vir labiato, margine columellari membranaceo, dilatato, fornicatim reflexo. Tue aporNeD Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly globose, thin, finely striated, whitish, adorned with various interrupted chestnut bands, sometimes flowing into one another ; spire short, obtuse ; whorls four to five, convex, the last descending; aperture rotundately lunar, livid-brown within; lip sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin membrana- ceous, dilated, archly reflected. PrEIFFER, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 69. Hab. ——? A light subglobose shell, very neatly conspicuously banded. Fig. 1129. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be the colourless sub- fossil variety of H. punctulata (see Pl. CXXXV. f. 835) named by De Férussac 17. Bowditchiana. Species 1130. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX vartioLosa. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressd, acute carinatd, soliduld, opacd, lutescente, supern2 conferlis- simé plicatd, lineisque concentricis regulariter decus- sald, pustulis albis subfasciatim obsitd ; spird planius- culd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, viz convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo basi concexo, infra cari- nam impresso ; columella brevi, verticali; apertura lat2 securiformi ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari breviter reflexo, umbilicum fere occultante. THE MEASLED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, sharply keeled, rather solid, opake, yellowish, very closely plicated at the upper part, and regularly de- cussated with concentric lines, thick-set with bands of white pustules; spire rather flat; whorls three to four, slightly convex, increasing rapidly, last whorl convex, impressed beneath the keel; columella short, vertical; aperture broadly wedge-shaped ; lip simple, sharp, columellar margin shortly reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 128. Hab. ? The character termed pustules in the description of this curious species is merely an arrangement of superficial white blotches. Species 1131. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix tirrurata. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso-glo- bosd, laevigatd vel subtilissimé plicato-striata, subtus tenue malleatd, roseo-lutescente, lined nigra centrali, punctis fuscis utrinque bifasciatim cingulaté ; spira converd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo anticé paululum descendente ; apertura subquadrato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, intus labiato, margine columellari calloso, roseo-tincld. Tur strReEAKED Hevix. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, smooth or very finely plicately striated, finely indented beneath, pinkish-yellow, encircled with a July, 1853. HELIX.—Prare CLXVIII. central blackish line, with two bands of brown dots on each side; spire convex ; whorls five, convex, the last whorl a little descending in front ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar; lip simple, edged within, columellar margin callous, rose-tinged. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. ? Very characteristic, both in respect of colour and mark- ing. Species 1132. (Mus. Cuming.) He.ix Srurmrana. Hel. testé subampliter et profundé umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, subobliqud, olivaceo-cor- ned, solidiusculd, superné dense costulato-striatd, infra laevigata, nitente; spird obtusd; anfractibus quatuor, superné declivibus, deinde rotundatis ; apertura circu- lari; peristomate subreflero, marginibus fere junctis, columellari albo-calloso. Srurm’s Hexrx. Shell rather largely and deeply umbili- eated, depressly globose, rather oblique, olive-horny, rather solid, thickly rib-like striated at the upper part, smooth and shining beneath; spire obtuse ; whorls four, slanting at the upper part, then rounded ; aperture circular; lip a little reflected, margins al- most joined, columellar margin white-callous. PrerrreR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. ? A rotundately convoluted olive species, densely finely rib-like striated at the upper part, smooth and shining below. Species 1133. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx mnputa. Jel. testé umbilicatd, lenticulari, cari- natld, solidd, superné confertim plicato-striatd, lineis concentricis confertis decussatd, subtus striata, spadiced, basi pallescente, circa umbilicum castaned, epidermide tenuissimad corned grised undique indutd ; anfractibus quingue, planis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura sub- rhombed ; peristomate simplici, margine columellari vir reflexiusculo, Tue cLorHep Hexix. Shell umbilicated, lens-shaped, sharply keeled, solid, closely plicately striated about the upper part, decussated with close-set concentric lines, striated beneath, fawn-coloured, pale at the base, chestnut around the umbilicus, covered every- where with a very thin horny grey epidermis; whorls five, flat, increasing slowly; aperture subrhomboid ; lip simple, columellar margin a little reflected. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 128. Hab. ——? An interesting species, belonging apparently to the sec- tion Nanina. Helix, PU. CLXIX. HELIX. Pirate CLXIX. Species 1134. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Carascatensis. Hel. testd angust2 umbilicatd, globoso-depressa, striatd, lutescente, corneo-variegata et subfasciolata ; spird convewiusculd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura transverse rotun- dato-lunari; peristomate patulo, acuto, intus leviter labiato, margine columellari late reflexo. Tue Carascat Hextx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, striated, yellowish, horn-variegated and faintly banded ; spire rather convex; whorls five to six, rather convex; aperture transversely rotun- dately lunar; lip patulate, sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin broadly reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 67. f. 1. Hab. Arragonia. A small light yellowish-white shell, with intervals of horny pattern. Species 1135. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewx Testxz. Hel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-converi- usculd, minutim striata, nitidd, glabra, superne corned, basi pallidiore ; spird subelevatd ; anfractibus sex, pla- niusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo basi planulato ; umbilico mediocri, pervio; apertura subtriangulari- lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine supero antrorsum arcuato. Testa’s Hextx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly convex, minutely striated, shining, horny at the upper part, paler at the base; spire slightly raised; whorls six, rather flat, increasing slowly, the last flattened at the base; umbilicus middling, open; aperture somewhat triangularly lunar; lip simple, sharp, upper margin arched in front. Purirprt, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1844, p. 104. Helix Philippi, Testa. Hab, Sicily. A depressed subdiscoid species, of a pale livid horn- colour. Species 1136. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx nitens. Hel. testa umbilicatd, convexo-depressé, tenerd, glabriusculd, diaphand, supra lutescente, subtus albidd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, ultimo anticd dilatato et subdefleo ; apertura obliqud, lunato-ovali; peristomate recto, repando, simplici, acuto. THe sHintnc Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, convexly de- pressed, thin, rather smooth, diaphanous, yellowish above, whitish beneath; whorls four to five, rather flattened, the last dilated and a little deflected in front; aperture oblique, lunar-oval; lip straight, spread, simple, acute. Micnavp, Complément, p. 44. pl. 15. f. 1-3. Helix cellaria, var., Porro. Hab. Austria, France, Italy, Portugal. Of a peculiar transparent reddish hue at the upper part. Species 1137. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HErIx consona. Hel. test obtectd umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, lutescente-corned, fascia intermedia pellucida, leviter striata, nitiduld, pellucida ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé vix descen- dente ; aperturd late lunari ; peristomate recto, acuto, intus albo-labiato, marginibus remotis, columellari dila- tato, umbilicum angustum fere obtegente. THE AGREEABLE He rx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, yellowish-horny, with an interme- diate pellucid band, slightly striated, shining, pellu- cid; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last a little descending in front; aperture broadly lunar; lip straight, sharp, white-edged within, margins distant, columellar margin dilated, almost covering the nar- row umbilicus. ZrEGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ix. pl. 8. f. 572-3. Hab, Sicily. A rather firm delicate straw-coloured species, without pattern or marking. Species 1138. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLtx osscunata. Hel. testd apert2 umbilicatd, de- presso-planiusculd, carind depresso-ovatd, nitidd, du- riusculd, corneo-brunned, substriatd ; apertura ovato- depress, oblique lunatd ; peristomate simplici, acuto, repando, Tur rorcotreN Hetrx. Shell openly umbilicated, de- pressly rather flattened, keel depressly ovate, shining, July, 1853. HELIX.—Piate CLXIX. rather hard, horn-brown, faintly striated; aperture ovately depressed, obliquely lunar ; lip simple, sharp, spread. Porro, Villa Disp. syst. p. 56. Hab. Corsica and Sardinia. A transparent subdiscoid shell, faintly red-tinged about the upper part. Species 1139. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx Pacrnrana. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicata, depressd, carinatd, rugosa, rugis albis, interstitiis lividis ; an- fractibus quingue, via planiusculis, ultimo anticé de- flexo ; aperturé angulato-lunari ; peristomate reflexo, albo-labiato, marginibus approximatis, columellari di- latato, appresso. Pacrnr’s Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressed, keeled, rough, wrinkles white, interstices livid; whorls five, a little flattened, the last deflected in front; aperture angularly lunar; lip reflected, white-edged, margins approximated, columellar mar- gin dilated, appressed. Puitrert, Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 127. pl. 8. f. 9. Helix muralis, var., Férussac. Helix vieta, Rossmiisler. Hab. Sicily. A rather solid roughly wrinkled shell, with the spire more or less impressed. Species 1140. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex cineuLeLia. Hel. testé late umbilicaté, depressi, tenuiusculd, striatd, nitiduld, sordidé albd, livido-ra- diatd, lined fuscd supra peripheriam cincta ; spird sub- pland ; anfractibus quinque, depressis, ultimo superné obsolete angulato, antice breviter descendente ; apertura perobliqud, transverse ovali, subcirculari ; peristomate subsimplici, tenué expansiusculo, marginibus approxi- matis, columellari subdilatato, patente. THE LITTLE BELTED Hexrx. Shell wmbilicated, de- pressed, rather thin, striated, shining, dead white, livid-rayed, encircled with a brown line above the periphery; spire rather flat; whorls five, depressed, the last obsoletely angled at the upper part, shortly descending in front; aperture very oblique, trans- versely oval-subcircular; lip rather simple, thin, a little expanded, margins approximating, columellar margin subdilately patent. ZIEGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. vi. p. 40. f. 373. Hab. Mountains of Volhynia. Of a delicate livid-white, encircled above the periphery with a conspicuous red band. Species 1141. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx rmstasiiis. Hel. testé late umbilicatd, depressa, striato-rugosd, solidd, albidi; anfractilus quinque, convexis, lenté accrescentibus, ultimo tereti, vix descen- dente ; apertura fere virculari; perislomate simplici, acuto, murginibus fere contiguis. THE CHANGEABLE He1rx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, striately rugose, solid, whitish; whorls five, convex, increasing slowly, the last slender, but little descend- ing; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, sharp, mar- gins almost contiguous. ZrEGLER, Pfeiffer, Symbole, vol. ii. p. 31. Helix ericetorum, var., Rossmiisler. Hab. Gallicia. A blue-white shell, with a rather contracted rounded aperture. Species 1142. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx stenostoma. el. testd imperforatd, globuloso- depressd, solidd, sublevigata, nitidd, alba, fascié unica fusca ad peripheriam et macularum aurantiarum serie- bus duabus ornata, punctisque griseis obsolete aspersa ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, vix convexiusculis, ul- timo ventroso, antice abrupte deflexo; apertura subho- rizontali, ellipticd ; peristomate labiato, albo, margi- nibus approwinutlis, supero breviter expanso, basali ar- . cuato, appresse reflexo. THe conTracrep-moutit Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globulosely depressed, solid, rather smooth, shining, white, ornamented at the periphery with a single brown band, and two rows of orange spots, obso- letely sprinkled with grey dots; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last ventricose, abruptly deflected in front; aperture nearly horizontal, elliptic; lip edged, white, margins approximating, upper margin shortly expanded, basal arched, appressly reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 28. Hab. ? A rather solid compact form, more or less indistinctly marked, Heliw, FU. CLXX. M43. VN, 9. HELIX. Priate CLXX. Species 1143. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX HYALINA. Hel. testd vie subumbilicatd, suborbi- culatd, arctispird, vitred, diaphand, glabra, nitidis- sima ; anfractibus sex, planulatis ; apertura angustis- simé lunari ; peristomate recto, simplici. THE HYALINE Hexrx. Shell very slightly umbilicated, suborbicular, close-spired, glassy, diaphanous, smooth, very shining; whorls six, rather flattened; aperture very narrow, lunar; lip straight, simple. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 224. Helix contorta, Veld. Vitrea diaphana, Fitzing. Hab. Germany, France. A minute straw-coloured glassy shell. Species 1144. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX HYDATINA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, albidd, pellucida, striatuld; suturé maryinatd ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo non descendente, basi sub- planulato ; apertura depressd, oblique lunari ; peristo- mate recto, acuto, siinplici, margine dextro antrorsum subarcuato, columellari viv reflexiusculo. Tue watery Hoxrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, whitish, transparent, finely striated; suture mar- gined; whorls five, rather flat, the last not descend- ing, rather flat at the base; aperture depressed, ob- liquely lunar ; lip straight, sharp, simple, right margin arched in front, columellar a little reflected. . Rossmas er, Hist. Moll. vol. viii. p. 36. f. 529. Hab, Corfu. Allied to the preceding species, but more opake, and more distinctly umbilicated. Species 1145. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX crrcuMLiINnEATA. Tel. testé umbilicatd, depressé, subdiscvided, tenerd, hyalind, supernd lineis cunfertis spiralibus sculpli; suturd impress, inaryinatd ; an- Sractibus quinque, ungustis, viv convexiusculis ; umbi- lico lato, perspectivo ; uperturd verticuli, lat lunari ; peristomate siinplici, acuto, margine supero antrorsum arcuato, columellari brevi, subsinuato, non dilatato. THE CIRCUMLINEATED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, de- pressed, subdiscoid, light, hyaline, engraved round the upper part with close-set spiral lines; suture impressed, margined; whorls five, narrow, slightly convex; umbilicus broad, perspective; aperture ver- tical, broadly lunar; lip simple, sharp, upper margin arched in front, columellar margin short, subsinuated, not dilated. Kuster, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 68. Hab. Dalmatia. Remarkably characterized on the upper part by a num- ber of fine spiral linear grooves. Species 1146. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX FILIcINA. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, pellucida, purpurascente-corned, pilis brevissimis spar- sis obsitd ; anfractilus sex, lent2 accrescentibus, ultimo albido-cingulato ; umbilico angusto, aperto; apertura lunari ; peristomate intus roseo-labiato, margine colu- mellari reflexiusculo. Tue FERN Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, pellucid, purple-horny, beset with very short scat- tered hairs; whorls six, increasing slowly, the last white-ringed; umbilicus narrow, open; aperture la- nar; lip rose-edged within, columellar margin a little reflected. Scuminr, Pfeiffer, Symboli, vol. i. p. 39. Hab. Carniolia. Of a rich subtransparent purple-horn colour. Fig. 1147. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured on a magnified scale, proves to be ZZ. alliaria, described at Pl. CLXIII. Sp. 1084. Species 1148. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx compranata. Jiel. testa sublatd umbilicata, dis- coided, depress, tenui, diaphand, fuscescente, superné pland, swhlus umbilico excacata ; anfractibus quatuor, conrexiusculis, longiludinaliter striatis, striis ad peri- pheriain eranescentibus ; apertura rotundato-semilu- nari, labro simplici, tenvissimo. Tue smooru Heutx. Shell rather broadly umbilicated, discoid, depressed, thin, diaphanous, brownish, flat at the upper part, excavated about the umbilicus ; whorls four, rather convex, longitudinally striated, strie becoming faint at the periphery; aperture ro- tundately semilunar, lip simple, very thin. July, 1853. HELIX.—Priate CLXX. Desnayes, Férussac, Hist. Moll. p. 9. pl. 69 B. f. 2. Hal), ——? A transparent horny shell, light reddish about the upper part, paler beneath. Species 1149. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix FLAvipA. Hel. testd aperté umbilicata, depressé, suborbiculatd, arctispird, flavidd, eleganter striato-cos- tulata ; anfractibus sex, convexis, lenté accrescentibus ; apertura subverticali, lunari ; peristomate recto, acuto, intus levissimé calloso. THe YELLOWIsH Heurx. Shell openly umbilicated, de- pressed, suborbicular, close-spired, yellowish, ele- gantly striately ribbed; whorls six, convex, increas- ing slowly; aperture subvertical, lunar ; lip straight, acute, very smoothly callous within. Zinc ER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. 10. p. 13. f. 610. Hab. Sicily. A yellowish subtransparent shell, obliquely thread- ribbed throughout. Species 1150. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx Paruatorrs. Hel. testd umbilicaté, depressd, ca- rinatd, supra pland, subtus convexd, corned, pilis longis villosd ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo de- scendente ; apertura subangulatd, rotundato-lunari ; pe- ristomate recto, simplici, acuto, marginibus approwi- matis. Partatore’s Heiix. Shell umbilicated, depressed, keeled, flat at the upper part, convex beneath, horny, villous with long hairs; whorls four, rather flat, the last de- scending ; aperture slightly angled, rotundately lunar; lip straight, simple, sharp, margins approximating. Brvon, l’Occhio, 1839, No. 9. f. 1. Hab, Sicily. Peculiarly flat-angled about the upper part. Species 1151. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix Cypartsstas. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depressius- culd, subtiliter et confertim costulata, alba, corneo-punc- tata vel fusco irregulariter maculata et subfasciatéa ; spird plane elevatd, vertice acutiusculo, corneo; an- Jractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo tereti, antlicé non descendente ; aperturd subcirculari ; peristomate recto, acuto, tenuiter fulvo-labiato, marginibus approximatis, columellari via dilatato. Tne Cyprus HELrx. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, finely closely ribbed, white, horn-dotted, irregularly spotted and indistinctly banded with brown; spire flatly elevated, rather sharp and horny at the apex ; whorls five, convex, the last terete, not descending in front ; aperture nearly circular; lip straight, sharp, thinly fulvous-edged, margins approximating, colu- mellar margin but little dilated. Parreyss, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 32. Hab. Island of Cyprus. A subturbinated greyish-white sbell, mottled with dots and faint interrupted band-marks. Species 1152. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix stmpricuna. Hel. testa late umbilicatd, lenticulari, tenuissime striata, pallide corned ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo subangulato, subtus convexiusculo ; apertura de- pressd ; peristomate simplici. THe stmMpLE Herx. Shell broadly umbilicated, lens- shaped, very thinly striated, pale horny ; whorls five, the last slightly angled, rather convex beneath ; aper- ture depressed ; lip simple. Moretet, Moll. du Portugal, p. 56. pl. 6. f. 2. Hab. Portugal, between Mertola and Castro Verde. A small discoid species of very simple character. ae Helva, Ft. CLXX1. 1433 HELIX. Piate CLXXI. Species 1153. (Mus. Benson.) Hexix Lusrica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, obsolete radiata, politissimd, luteo-fulvescente vel olivaced; spird planiusculd, apice viz prominuld, obtusé ; suturd leviter canaliculatd ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo rotundato, basi convexo ; apertura laté lunari, vix obliqud ; peri- stomate acuto, intus interdum subremote albido-labiato, margine columellari obliqué descendente, subsinuato, le- viter incrassato, superne reflexiusculo. Tue strmy Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, obso- letely rayed, very polished, yellowish-fulvous or olive; spire rather flat, slightly prominent and obtuse at the apex; suture a little channelled ; whorls five, the last rounded, convex at the base; aperture broadly lunar, a little oblique; lip sharp, sometimes rather distantly white-edged witbin, columellar margin obliquely de- scending, rather sinuous, slightly thickened, a little reflected at the upper part. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. x. p. 349. Hab. Darjecling, Sikkim Himalaya; Dr. Chapman. A smooth polished horny species, rather depressly dis- coidly convoluted. Species 1154. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx tescorum. Jel. testa imperforatd, globosd, solidi- usculd ; spird convexd ; suturd peculiariter canalicu- latd ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, obliqué subpli- cato-striatis, ultimo anticé descendente; apertura ro- tundato-lunari ; peristomate subexpanso, margine colu- mellari reflexo, ad aream umbilicalem laté calloso-dila- tato. Tue witps Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, rather solid; spire convex; suture peculiarly channelled ; whorls five, rounded, obliquely subplicately striated, last whorl descending in front; aperture rotundately lunar ; lip a little expanded, columellar margin re- flected, broadly callously dilated over the umbilical area. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. p. 30. Hab. Shark’s Bay, Australia. The shell here represented has a worn opake-white as- pect, but it has some faint traces of rusty brown, so that the species in fine condition may probably be coloured. Species 1155. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx tucurium. el. testé minut? umbilicatd, tenui, virente-corned, pellucida, subpyramidali-depressd ; spira plano-declivi, apice mucronata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, superne dens2 sublilissim2 costulato-striatis, striis spiralibus decussatis ; subtus politd ; apertura oblique lunari ; peristomate simplici, margine ad umbilicum brevissime reflexo. Tue sHep Heurx. Shell minutely umbilicated, thin, greenish-horny, transparent, somewhat pyramidally depressed ; spire flatly slanting, pointed at the apex ; whorls five to six, densely very finely rib-like striated, decussated with spiral strize; polished beneath ; aper- ture obliquely lunar; lip simple, margin very shortly reflected at the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. x. p. 348. Hah. Darjeeling, Sikkim Himalaya; Trotter. The spire of this species, which is densely decussately striated, has somewhat a pyramidally raised form. Species 1156. (Mus. Benson.) HeELrx cyctoptax. Hel. testa lat2 profunde umbilicata, orbiculato-depressd, supra confertim et undatim radiato- striatd, striis spiralibus decussatd, granulata ; rufes- cente-corned, subltus leviore, pallida, fascié mediand castaned circumdatd ; spird convexiuscula, apice pla- natd ; suturé primum subobsoletd, demum impressd ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo carinato ; aperturd sub- quadrato-lunari, obliqud, intus interdum albo-sublabi- ata ; peristomate simplici, acuto. THE ROUND-TABLE Heuix. Shell broadly deeply umbi- licated, orbicularly depressed, closely radiately wave- striated above, decussated with spiral striw, granu- lated ; reddish-horny, smoother beneath, pale, sur- rounded with a central chestnut band; spire rather convex, flattened at the apex; suture at first rather obsolete, at last impressed; whorls five, the last keeled ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar, oblique, slightly white-edged within; lip simple, acute. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. x. p. 348. Hab. Darjeeling, Sikkim Himalaya; Trotter. A broad chestnut-banded species, flattened down, as it were, at the apex. October, 1853. HELIX.—Prate CLXXI. Species 1157. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx Nicoparica. Hel. testd umbilicatd, sinistrali, so- lidé, globulosd, oblique striata, castaneo-rufa, ad peri- pheriam, suturam, et basin albo-zonaté ; spira brevi, ob- tusa; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converiusculis, ultimo antice descendente, basi inflato ; apertura rotundato-lu- nari; peristomate simplici, obtuso, albo, margine colu- mellari reflexiusculo, umbilicum fere tegente. Tur Nricopar Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, sinistral, solid, globular, obliquely striated, chestnut-red, white-zoned at the periphery, the suture, and the base; spire short, obtuse; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last descending in front, inflated at the base; aper- ture rotundately lunar; lip simple, obtuse, white, columellar margin rather reflected, almost covering the umbilicus. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 79. pl. 108. f. 911-12. Hab. Cuddapah, near Madras ; Wilson. A reversed banded species, of light texture. Species 1158. (Mus. Benson.) Heurx Naninorpes. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, orbi- culato-convexd, solidiusculd, pallide fulvd, superné ru- fescente, distincte et confertim striatd, lineis concentricis, sa@pe obsoletis, decussatd, hasi sublavigatd, distanter striatuld ; spird depresso-conoided, apice obtusd ; an- fractibus sex, via convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato, medio impresso ; apertura transverse lunari; peristo- mate recto, obtuso, subincrassato, ad umbilicum brevis- sime reflexo. Tue Nanrna-Like Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, rather solid, light fulvous, reddish at the upper part, distinctly and closely striated, decus- sated with concentric lines, which are often obsolete, rather smooth at the base, and distantly faintly stri- ated ; spire depressly conoid, obtuse at the apex ; whorls six, slightly convex, the last a little angled, impressed in the middle; aperture transversely lunar ; lip straight, obtuse, rather thickened, very shortly re- flected at the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, vol. ix. p. 486. Hab. Singapore; Dr. Cantor. The finely decussated sculpture is less prominent to- wards the lower part, leaving off at the periphery some- what abruptly in places. Species 1159. (Mus. Benson.) HELrx mnterrvupta. Hel. testé umbilicatd, sinistrali, or- biculato-convexd, tumidiuscula, ad peripheriam obtuse angulatd, superné arcuatim plicato-striatd, striis spira- libus tenuicancellatis, fulvo-stramined, semipellucidd, zona pallidé castaned ad peripheriam cingulatd ; spira convexd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, ultimo ca- rinato ; apertura orbiculato-lunari ; peristomate sim- plici, subincrassato, fuscato, ad umbilicum subdilatato- reflexo. THE INTERRUPTED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, sinistral, orbicularly convex, rather swollen, obtusely angled at the periphery, areuately plicately striated at the upper part, finely cancellated with spiral strie, fulvous straw-colour, semitransparent, encircled at the peri- phery by a faint chestnut zone; spire convex, obtuse at the apex; whorls four, the last keeled; aperture orbicularly lunar; lip simple, rather thickened, browned, subdilately reflected at the umbilicus. Benson, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 461. Hab. Botanic Garden, Calcutta; Benson. Allied to H. Himalayana, Lea, but differing in form and sculpture. 14 63. 1466.7 1460. 1168. Helix, Ft. CLXXU. 1464 ° 1164. uv“ HELIX. Prate CLXXII. Species 1160. (Mus. Benson.) Hewix castra, Hel. testé subampliter umbilicatad, de- pressissimo-conicd, tenut, exiliter oblique acuto-stria- tuld, corned ; spird ad apicem obtusa ; suturis margi- natis ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, planulatis, ultimo ad peripheriam acutissimé carinato, subtus planiusculo ; apertura oblique subquadratd, margine acuto. Tue camp Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, very depressly conical, thin, finely obliquely sharply stri- ated, horny ; spire obtuse at the apex; sutures mar- gined; whorls five to six, a little flattened, the last very sharply keeled at the periphery, rather flattened beneath; aperture obliquely subquadrate, margin acute. Benson, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. x. p. 349. Hab. Darjeeling, Sikkim Himalaya; Trotter. A flattened horny Solarium-like species, rather largely umbilicated. Species 1161. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Benson.) Heiix tycunia. Hel. testé imperforatd, valde depresso- conicd, tenui, translucente, politd, fusca ; spird conicd, obtusiusculd ; suturis marginatis ; anfractibus sex ad septem, angustis, planiusculis, ultimo vix latiore, ad peripheriam acute compresso-carinato, subtus convexius- culo, medio excavato ; apertura vi obliqud, angustd, securiformi ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine in- feriore arcuato, versus periomphalum leviter incrassato. Tue canpLesticK Hexix. Shell imperforated, very de- pressly conic, thin, translucent, polished, brown; spire conical, rather obtuse; sutures margined ; whorls six to seven, narrow, rather flat, the last scarcely broader than the rest, sharply compressly keeled at the periphery, rather convex beneath, ex- cavated in the middle; aperture a little oblique, nar- row, hatchet-shaped; lip simple, sharp, lower margin arched, slightly thickened towards the seat of the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. x. p. 349. Hab. Singapore; Dr. Bacon. Of the same typical form as the preceding species, but not umbilicated, Species 1162. (Mus. Benson.) Hetx prectiuis. el. testd obtectd umbilicatd, tenui- culd, globosd, carulescente-albd, opacd, undique pecu- liariler crispato-corrugata ; spird convera ; anfractihus quatuor, subrotundatis ; apertura circulari; peristo- mate expanso, super umbilicum plus minus dilatato, marginibus callositate planatd junctis. Tue crumpLeD Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, rather thin, globose, bluish-white, opake, peculiarly crisply puckered throughout; spire convex; whorls four, rather rounded; aperture circular; lip ex- panded, more or less dilated over the umbilicus, margins joined by a flattened callosity. Benson, Ann. and Mag. 1853, vol. xi. p. 29. Hab, Shark’s Bay, West Australia. The crumpled sculpture of this species is quite distinct from anything previously known. Species 1163. (Mus. Benson.) Hewix vesicuta. Hel. testé umbilicata, conoideo-de- press, tenui, sublevigatd, nitidd, translucente, pallide corned; spird brevi, conoided, apice acuminata ; su- turd profundd ; anfractibus sex, ultimo rotundato, non descendente, basi convexo; aperturd subverticali, lu- nato-rotundaté ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columellari verticali, ad umbilicum in laminam brecem triangularem reflexo. THE LITTLE BLADDER Hewrx. Shell umbilicated, co- noidly depressed, thin, rather smooth, shining, trans- lucent, pale horny; spire short, conoid, acuminated at the apex; suture deep; whorls six, the last rounded, not descending, convex at the base; aperture sub- vertical, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, sharp, columel- lar margin vertical, reflected at the umbilicus into a short triangular lamina. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. vol. vii, p. 216. Hab. Sotee-Durga and Rajmahal, Bengal; Benson. The apex is sometimes dark brown, with a little brown in the suture. Species 1164. (Mus. Benson.) Heuix vecytuis. Jel, testé subumbilicatd, conoideo-de- October, 1853. HELIX.—Piate CLXXI. press, tenui, sublevigatd, nitidé, translucente, pallide rubello-corned ; spird brevi, conoided, acuminatiusculd ; anfractibus sex, vix convexiusculis, ultimo latiore, non descendente, basi subplanulato ; apertura subverticali, lat2 lunari ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine colu- mellari arcuato, subdeclivi, superné brevissime reflexo. vase Hexrx. Shell slightly umbilicated, conoidly depressed, thin, rather smooth, shining, translucent, pale reddish-horny ; spire short, conoid, rather acu- minated ; whorls six, slightly convex, the last broader, not descending, rather flattened at the base ; aperture subvertical, broadly lunar; lip simple, sharp, colu- mellar margin arched, rather slanting, very shortly reflected at the upper part. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 406. Hab. Rajmahal Hills, India; Benson. Very like the preceding species, but less umbilicated and rather more acuminated. y THE Species 1165. (Mus. Benson.) Hetrx supsecta. Hel. testd umbilicata, conoideo-depressd, tenui, striatd, corned, oleosd ; spird breviter conoided, acutiusculd ; sutura levi, albido-marginatd ; anfracti- bus sex ad septem, vie convewiusculis, ultimo lato, subde- presso, non descendente, basi parum convexo ; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, margine columellari subrecedente, arcuato, su- perne brevissime reflexo. Tue sussect Herrx. Shell umbilicated, conoidly de- pressed, thin, striated, horny, oily; spire shortly conoid, rather sharp; suture smooth, white-edged ; whorls six to seven, slightly convex, the last broad, a little depressed, not descending, but little convex at the base; aperture rather oblique, rotundately lu- nar; lip simple, straight, columellar margin slightly receding, arched, very shortly reflected at the upper part. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 407. Hab. Rajmahal Hills, India; Benson. Of flatter and more discoid growth than the preceding species, from the same locality. Species 1166. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Benson.) Hexrx Bacont. Hel. testa angusté umbilicatd, depresso- turbinatd, tenuissimd, pellucida, pallidé corned, superne eleganter decussatim corrugato-striatd, sericed, sublus politd, radiato-striata ; spird conoided, apice acutius- culd, fuscatd ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quinque, subconvexis, lenté accrescentibus, superioribus superne fascia rufo-fuscd angustd, demum obsoletd, marginatis, ultimo non descendente, carinato ; aperturd subverticali, angulato-lunari ; peristomate acuto, marginibus con- vergentibus, columellari verticali, cum basali angulum rotundatum formante, supern2 brevissime reflexo. Bacon’s Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly turbinated, very thin, pellucid, pale horny, elegantly decussately wrinkle-striated at the upper part, silky, polished beneath, radiately striated; spire conoid, rather sharp and brown at the apex; suture im- pressed; whorls five, rather convex, increasing slowly, upper whorls margined at the upper part with a red-brown band, which becomes obsolete, last whorl not descending, keeled; aperture nearly verti- cal, angularly lunar; lip sharp, margins converging, columellar margin vertical, forming, with the basal margin, a rounded angle, very shortly reflected at the upper part. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. vi. p. 251. Hab. Banks of the river Gungun, near Moradabad, India ; Dr. Bacon. The specimen here figured is the only one that has been at present found of this species. Species 1167. (Mus. Benson.) HELIX ALBIDENS. el. testd imperforatd, subdepresso- conoided, basi depresso-rotundata ; spird gradatim ele- vata, rufo-fuscescente, lined mediand castaned cingu- laté ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis, subobsolelé arcuatim plicato-striatis ; apertura angusté lunari ; peristomate tenui, margine columellari dente incrassato calloso albo conspicué munito. Tue wuite-TootH Herx. Shell imperforated, somewhat depressly conoid, depressly rounded at the base ; spire gradually raised, reddish-brown, encircled round the middle by a chestnut line; whorls six to seven, con- vex, rather obsoletely arcuately plicately striated ; aperture narrowly lunar; lip thin, columellar margin conspicuously furnished with a thickened white cal- lous tooth. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1853, vol. xi. p. 31. Helix monodonta, Grateloup (not of Lea). * Hab. Mauritius; Sir David Barclay. Well distinguished by its callous Monodonta-like tooth MbB9% 1474. 1168. 4470. W470. Helva, LU, CLAN. 169.2 Species 1168. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx remota. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, subdis- coided, tenui, sublevigati, parum nitidd, diaphand, corneo-lutescente ; spird planiusculd ; sulurd impressd, marginatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexi- usculis, ultimo latiore, depresso, non descendente, basi vie conveciore ; umbilico mediocri, aperto; apertura parum obliqud, late lunari ; peristomate simplici, recto, marginibus vix conniventidus, columellari arcuato-de- clivi. Tue pistant Hex. Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather discoid, thin, smooth, but little shining, dia- phanous, horny-yellow ; spire rather flat; suture im- pressed, margined; whorls four to five, rather con- vex, the last broader, depressed, not descending, scarcely more convex at the base; umbilicus mid- dling, open; aperture but little oblique, broadly lu- nar; lip simple, straight, margins rather approxima- ting, columellar margin arcuately slanting. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vol. vii. p. 263. Hab. St. Helena (under stones in elevated places) ; Benson. A light thin horny discoid shell, rather deeply umbi- licated. Species 1169. (Mus. Benson.) Hievix perropia. Hel. testé subanguste sed profunde um- bilicaté, globoso-discoided, undique densé subtiliter cos- tulato-striatd, fulvo-fuscd, subtus olivaced, sericed ; spird converd ; suturad impressd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis ; apertura lunari; peristomate simplici, ad umbilicum breviter reflexo. THE STONE-DWELLING Hexix. Shell rather narrowly but deeply umbilicated, globosely discoid, densely finely rib-like striated throughout, fulvous-brown, olive underneath, silky; spire convex; suture im- pressed; whorls four to five, rounded; aperture lu- nar; lip simple, shortly reflected at the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851. Hab. High Constantia, Cape of Good Hope; Benson. _ A small silky brown globosely discoid species, densely finely rib-like striated. Species 1170. (Mus. Benson.) Hexrx retrrera. Hel. testd umbilicatd, obtuse trochiformi, Prare CLXXIII. [Figures magnified to about twice the natural size.) striato-plicatuld, lineis nonnullis concentricis elevatis reticulald, carinatd, diaphand, sericind, pallidé corned ; spird elevatd, oblusi ; anfractibus sex ad septem, pla- niusculis, ullimo basi subplano, striato; umbilico me- diocri, percio; apertura depressi, securiformi ; peri- stomate simplici, acutlo, margine supero brevi, basali plane arcuato. Tne Net-BeEARING Hexix. Shell umbilicated, obtusely trochus-shaped, striately plicated, reticulated with some raised concentric lines, keeled, diaphanous, silky, pale horny; spire elevated, obtuse; whorls six to seven, rather flat, the last rather flat at the base, striated ; umbilicus middling, open ; aperture depressed, wedge- shaped ; lip simple, acute, upper margin short, basal flatly arched. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 73. Hab. Nilgherries, India; Jerdon. Of a distinct Trochus-shaped growth, keeled at the basal periphery. Species 1171. (Mus. Benson.) Heuix piscutpta. Hel. testd umbilicald, orbiculato-de- pressd, translucente, parum nitida, subtus corned, supra rufescente, utrinque eleganter confertissimé striato- plicatd, plicarum verticalium interstitiis longitudina- liter striatissimis, striisque spiralibus decussatis ; spira depresso-convexd, apice levi, obtuso ; sulurd profundé ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis, lent2 accres- centibus, ultimo non descendente, rotundato, sublus con- vexiore ; apertura verlicali, lunari; peristomate sim- plici, aculo, margine columellari arcuato, declivi, cras- siusculo, supra breviler late reflexo, laminam triangu- larem formante. Tue pouBLy-scuLpTURED Hewurx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, transparent, but little shining, horny beneath, reddish above, elegantly very closely plicately striated on each side, interstices of the ver- tical striw much striated, decussated with spiral strie ; spire depressly convex, smooth and obtuse at the apex; suture deep ; whorls four to five, convex, increasingly slowly, the last not descending, rounded, more convex beneath; aperture vertical, lunar ; lip simple, acute, columellar margin arcuately slanting, rather thick, shortly broadly reflected above, forming a triangular lamina. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vol. vii. p. 103. October, 1853. ee ee HELIX.—Puare CLXXIII. Hab. Camps Bay, Cape of Good Hope (under stones) ; Benson. : Distinguished by a delicate cancellated sculpture in the interstices between the rib-like striw. Species 1172. (Mus. Benson.) Hevrx pumeticota. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, superné costulato-striald, subtus leviore, corneo-albidd, epidermide luted, quasi lubricd, indutdé ; spird convexi- usculd, apice obtusa ; suturd impressa ; anfractibus tri- bus ad quatuor, convewiusculis, ultimo rapide accres- centibus, subdepresso, basi convexo; umbilico latiusculo, profundo ; apertura magna, parum obliqud, lunato- ovali ; peristomate simplici, tenui, acuto, marginibus subapproximatis, columellari superneé dilatato, patente. Tue coppice Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, rib-like striated at the upper part, smoother beneath, horny-white, covered with a yellowish smooth epider- mis; spire rather convex, obtuse at the apex; suture impressed; whorls three to four, rather convex, the last increasing rapidly, a little depressed, convex at the base; umbilicus rather broad and deep ; aperture large, but little oblique, lunar-oval; lip simple, thin, acute, margins rather approximating, columellar mar- gin dilated at the upper part, patent. \ Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vol. vii. p. 106. Hab. Cape of Good Hope (among thickets on the shores of False and Table Bays) ; Benson. Partaking rather of the form of Cyclostoma. Species 1173. (Mus. Benson.) HeLix PERPLICATA. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatéd, conoi- deo-semiglobosd, tenui, corned, subdiaphand, utrinque oblique plicatd, plicis subdistantibus, interstitiis longi- tudinaliter striatis ; spird elevatiusculd, subconoided, apice levi, acutiusculo, lutescente ; suturd impressé ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convewiusculis, lente accres- centibus, ultimo leviter depresso, non descendente, sub- tus convexiore; apertura rotundato-lunatd, vir ob- liquad ; peristomate simplici, acuto, margine columel- lari tenui, superne breviter reflexo. THe MANY-PLAITED Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, conoidly-semiglobose, thin, horny, subdiaphanous, obliquely plicated on both sides, plaits rather dis- tant, striated longitudinally in the interstices; spire rather raised, subeonoid, apex smooth, rather sharp, yellowish ; suture impressed; whorls five to six, rather convex, increasing slowly, the last slightly depressed, not descending, more convex beneath; aperture rotundately lunar, a little oblique; lip sim- ple, acute, columellar margin thin, shortly reflected at the upper part. a ei Col Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vol. vii. p. 104. Hab. Cape of Good Hope (in stumps and putrid fungi under the Devil’s Mountain) ; Benson. Of the same typical character as H. petrobia, but more acuminated in the spire. Species 1174. (Mus. Benson.) Hexix cosmia. Hel. testd apert2 profund2 umbilicata, depressd, tenui, rugoso-plicatuld, translucente, nitidius- culd, cered, virenti-corned ; spird vix elevatd, apice obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, subplanatis, rapide accres- centibus, ultimo anticé dilatato, non descendente ; aper- turd obliqud, lunato-rotundatad; peristomate tenui, margine dextro superné arcuato, columellari breviter reflexiusculo. THE ADORNED Hexix. Shell openly deeply umbilicated, depressed, thin, rugosely plicated, transparent, rather shining, wax-like, greenish-horny; spire scarcely raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls four, rather flat- tened, increasing rapidly, the last dilated in front, not descending; aperture oblique, lunar-rounded ; lip thin, right margin arched at the upper part, columellar margin slightly reflected. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852, p. 112. Helix munda, Benson (not of Adams). Helix cerea, Pfeiffer (not of Gould). Hab. Cape of Good Hope (at the foot of Lion’s Head, Camps Bay, among fallen leaves); Benson. A light transparent waxen horny shell, openly flatly convoluted. Species 1175. (Mus. Benson.) Herx surruura. Hel. lesté viv umbilicatd, depresso- conicd, subtus medio subexcavatd, stramineo-corned, sub lente subtilissimé oblique densé striata ; spird conveza ; suturd impressa ; anfractibus sex, subrotundatis ; aper- turd lunari; peristomate tenui, paululum reflexo, ad columellam contorto, dente prominente calloso-albo intus munito. THE UNDER-PROPPED Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly conical, slightly excavated in the middle underneath, straw-horny, beneath the lens very finely densely obliquely striated; spire convex ; suture im- pressed ; whorls six, rather rounded ; aperture lunar; lip thin, a little reflected, twisted at the columella, and furnished inwardly with a prominent white cal- lous tooth. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. p. 31. Hab. Mauritius ; Sir David Barclay. Distinguished by the same typical characteristic twisted columellar tooth as HZ. albidens from the same locality. Helo, Fl. CLAXIV. 1776. 7 1478 F 7. 4/4 soe TA 60 & 1184. Species 1176. (Mus. Benson.) Hewix orcura. Hel. testa umbilicaté, conico-globosa, tenui, irregulariter costulato-striata, scabraé, corned, translucente ; spird obtuse conicd ; sulurd profunda ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, rotundatis, ultimo vir descendente ; aperturdé perobliqud, lunato-rotundata ; peristomate simplici, recto, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari reflexiusculo, umbilicum: semitegente. THe LirtLe TUN Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, conically globose, thin, irregularly rib-like striated, rough, horny, transparent; spire obtusely conical; suture deep ; whorls three to four, rounded, the last searcely descending ; aperture very oblique, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, straight, margins rather approximating, columellar margin a little reflected, half-covering the umbilicus. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. vi. p. 251. Hab. Bahar and Bengal, India (on trunks of trees); Dr. Bacon. A very minute species, partaking somewhat of the form of Paludina. Fig. 1177. (Mus. Benson.) The shell here figured is the Helix sublesta of Benson, lately described in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1853, vol. xi. p- 30. On examination, however, it proves to be opercu- lated, and should be referred to the genus Oyclostoma. It is from Freemantle, West Australia. Species 1178. (Mus. Benson.) Hewrx Barctayi. Hel. testa minute umbilicatd, parvuld, turbinatd, corned, scabra, rude oblique leviterque stri- até ; spird conoided, apice obtusiusculd ; suturd leciter impressd, marginata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, lente crescentibus, converiusculis, ultimo subtus convexiore, nitidulo, medio impresso, peripherid leviter carinato, carina anticé evanescente ; aperturd parum obliqud, subangulato-lunari ; peristomate tenui, acuto, margine columellari brevi, reflexiusculo. ‘Barciay’s Herix. Shell minutely umbilicated, rather small, turbinated, horny, rough, rudely obliquely lightly striated ; spire conoid, rather obtuse at the apex; suture lightly impressed, margined ; whorls five to six, increasing slowly, rather convex, the last more convex underneath, shining, impressed in the middle, periphery slightly keeled, keel disappearing in front; aperture but little oblique, subangularly lunar; lip thin, sharp, columellar margin short, a little reflected. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. vi. p. 252. Hab. Moka, Mauritius (under stones) ; Dr. Bacon. A minute, depressly-acuminated, horny shell, a little excavated underneath. Species 1179. (Mus. Benson.) Heix paLupicota. Hel. testé umbilicatd, subgloboso-de- pressd, tenui, striatuld, opaciter alba, punctis translu- centibus fasciisgue strigisce purpureo-fuscis ornata ; spird elevatiusculd, fusco-rubente, apice obtusiusculo, corneo ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ullimo inflato, interdum omnino vel versus aperturam purpu- reo-fusco ; aperturd rotundato-lunari, intus fuscd ; pe- ristomate simplici, margine columellari dilatato, reflexo. Tue marsH Heurx. Shell umbilicated, somewhat glo- bosely depressed, thin, finely striated, opake-white, ornamented with transparent dots and purple-brown bands and streaks; spire rather elevated, brown-red, apex rather obtuse and horny ; whorls five to six, the last inflated, sometimes purple-brown altogether or towards the aperture; aperture rotundately lunar, brown within ; lip simple, columellar margin dilated and reflected. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. vi. p. 253. Hah. Cape of Good Hope (in flowers of Zantedeschia Athio- pica, in a marsh at Baszaarms Kraal); Benson. This little characteristic species is opake-white in places, owing to the epidermis being deciduous, and liable to peel off. Species 1180. (Mus. Benson.) Hexrx saputetorum. Hel. testé umbilicatd, orbiculato- depressd, solidiuscula, utringue confertissim2 striata, plicisque arcuatis distantioribus notata, non nitente, pal- lid2 corned ; spird convexiusculd, apice oblusd ; sulura profundé ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, lente ac- crescentibus, convexis, ullimo rotundato ; umbilico lati- usculo, profundo ; aperturd viz obliqud, lunato-rotun- data ; peristomate simplici, marginibus conniventibus, columellari breviter subreflexo. Tue sanps Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly de- pressed, rather solid, very closely striated on both sides, marked with arched distant plaits, not shining, pale horny ; spire rather convex, obtuse at the apex ; suture deep; whorls four to five, increasing slowly, convex, the last rounded ; umbilicus rather broad and deep; aperture slightly oblique, lunar-rounded ; lip simple, with the margins approximating, columellar margin shortly slightly reflected. October, 1853. HELIX.—Prate CLXXIV. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, vol. vii. p. 105. A light horny species, delicately encircled thro Hab. Cape of Good Hope (in sandy tracts, in Hunt and | with fine ring-like riblets. False Bays) ; Benson. A minute Cyclostoma-like species, of a dull straw-colour. Species 1181. (Mus, Benson.) Heurx vorticrauis. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subdiscoided, supernd depresso-planatd, tenui, rufescente-corned ; spird concaviusculd ; suturad profundd ; anfractibus quatuor, angustis, convexis, confertim radiato-plicatis, penullimo prominente, ultimo non descendente, a latere subcompresso, sublus valde convexo ; umbilico lato, pro- Sundo, margine subangulato ; apertura verticali, rotun- dato-lunari, altiore quam latd ; peristomate simplici, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, callo tenuissimo junctis. Tue warr~poot Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subdiscoid, depressly flattened at the upper part, thin, reddish- horny ; spire rather concave; suture deep; whorls four, narrow, convex, closely radiately plicated, last whorl but one prominent, the last not descending, a little compressed from the side, very convex beneath ; umbilicus broad, deep, rather angled at the edge ; aperture vertical, rotundately lunar, higher than broad ; lip simple, straight, margins rather approxi- mating, joined by a very thin callosity. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. v. p. 216. Hab. Cape of Good Hope (under stones near Green Point, and on Camp-Ground); Benson. An interesting delicate Planorbis-like species, broadly openly umbilicated. Species 1182. (Mus. Benson.) Henix cyanea. Hel. testd laté ampliter umbilicaté, orbi- culato-depressi, subdiscoided, tenui, fusco-corned, undi- que eximié annulato-costellatd, striis spiralibus in in- terstitiis sub lente minutissimé decussatd ; spird con- vewd ; sulurd subcanaliculata ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, subangustis ; apertura subcirculari ; peristo- mate simplici, marginibus conniventibus, columellari breviter reflexo. Tue swan Hertx. Shell broadly largely umbilicated, orbicularly-depressed, subdiscoid, thin, brown-horny, delicately finely ring-ribbed throughout, decussated beneath the lens in the interstices with very minute spiral strize; spire convex; suture slightly channelled ; whorls four, convex, rather narrow; aperture nearly circular; lip simple, margins approximating, colu- mellar margin shortly reflected. Benson, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1853, vol. xi. p. 30. Hah. Perth, West Australia; Dr. Bacon. Species 1183. (Mus. Benson.) Henix rarrpyicata. Hel. testdé umbilicald, depressd, tenui, corned, plicis arcuatis subdistantibus munila ; spird parum elevatd; suturé profundd; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo tereti, non descendente ; umbi- lico angusto, pervio ; aperturé parum obligud, lunato- circulari ; peristomate simplici, recto, marginibus con- niventibus. THE FEW-PLAITED Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, horny, furnished with rather distant arched plaits; spire but little raised; suture deep; whorls four, convex, the last tapering, not descending; um- bilicus narrow, open ; aperture a little oblique, lunar- circular; lip simple, straight, with the margins ap- proximating. Benson, Ann. aud Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, vol. vi. p. 254. Hab. Cape of Good Hope (under stones at Green Point); Benson. Allied to the preceding species, but more faintly and irregularly ring-sculptured. Species 1184. (Mus. Benson.) HELIX BIDENTICULATA. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso- conicd, obsolete radiato-striata, albidé (decorticata) ; spird subconicd, apice obluso; suturd impressd ; an- fractibus sex, arcté convolutis, convexis, omnibus su- perne lineis equidistantibus elevatiusculis instructis, ultimo carinato, subtus convexo ; apertura arcté securi- formi, verlicali ; peristomate margine superiore brevis- simo, columellari oblique descendente, expanso, superne reflewo, basali arcuato, dentibus minutis, distantibus, submarginalibus, dextro prominentiore, munito ; umbi- lico pervio. Tue TWo-rooTHEeD Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly conic, obsoletely radiately striated, whitish (decorti- cated); spire subconic, obtuse at the apex; suture impressed ; whorls six, closely convoluted, convex, all furnished at the upper part with two equidistant raised lines, last whorl keeled, convex beneath ; aper- ture closely wedge-shaped, vertical; lip with the upper margin very short, the columellar obliquely descending, expanded, reflected above, the basal arched, furnished with two minute distant submar- ginal teeth, of which the right is the more prominent ; umbilicus open. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, vol. ix. p. 405. Hab. Nilgherry Mountains, south of India; Jerdon. A small trochiform species, encircled with two very cha- racteristic raised spiral lines, and furnished with two small teeth in the mouth. Helio PL. CLXXV. Wr R 1 Yincent Drooxks HELIX. Pirate CLXXV. Species 1185. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIx ScuReNnkKII. Jel. testd mediocriter umbilicatd, co- noideo-semiglobosa, tenuiusculd, striata et sub lente de- cussatuld, diaphand, corneo-albidd, fascia unici satu- rate castaned, ad suturam ascendente, ornatd ; spird conoided, obtusuld; anfractibus sex ad septem, con- vexis, ultimo non descendente ; aperturd lunato-rotun- data, labro intus leviter labiato, margine columellari dilatato. Scurenk’s Hexrx. Shell moderately umbilicated, co- noid, semiglobose, rather thin, striated, and, beneath the lens, finely decussated, diaphanous, horny-white, ornamented with a single dark chestnut band, rising from the suture; spire conoid, rather obtuse ; whorls six to seven, convex, the last not descending ; aper- ture lunar-rounded, lip slightly edged within, colu- mellar margin dilated. Mippenporr, Reise Sibir. vol. ii. p. 302. pl. 30. f. 20-26. Hab, Siberia. A simple horn-white Cyclostoma-like species, encircled by a dark chestnut band. Species 1186. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix Denner. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, soli- duld, subtilissimé reticulata, albd, superne fascia latius- culd, subtus angustioribus pluribus luteo-fuscis ornalda ; spird brevi; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtuse angulato, antice paululum descen- dente, basi inflato ; apertura subverticali, depressd, lu- nari, fauce rosea, labro recto, intus rubello-labiato, margine columellari reflexo-appresso. Deune’s Herx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, rather solid, very finely reticulated, white, ornamented with a rather broad yellowish-brown band at the upper part, and several smaller ones beneath; spire short ; whorls five, rather flat, the last obtusely angled at the periphery, a little descending in front, inflated at the base; aperture subvertical, depressed, lunar, rose in the interior, lip straight, red-edged within, columellar margin reflexly appressed. RossMas ter, Zeitschrift fir Malac. 1846, p. 173. Hab. Africa? A globose faintly banded opake-white shell, with a pink mouth, found by Dr. Dehne, among some Arabic gum. Species 1187. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hex Cretica. Hel. testé umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, oblique striatula, sordide albd, fasciis fuscis interruptis varie pictd ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, sensim ac- crescentibus ; umbilico mediocri, pervio ; apertura lu- nato-rotundatd, labro acuto, recto, intus tenuissimé labiato. Tue Cretan Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, obliquely finely striated, dirty-white, variously painted with interrupted dirty-brown bands; whorls six, rather convex, increasing slowly; umbilicus middling, open; aperture lunar-rounded, lip sharp, straight, very finely edged within. Ferussac, Prodrome, No. 288. Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. i. p. 40. Hab. Islands of Candia, Rhodes, and Naxos. Very like the British H. virgata, with rather larger um- bilicus. Species 1188. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx Toeovort. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, subdiaphand, corneo-lutescente, superné confertissimée costulatd, lineis concentricis impressis decussala, bast leviore, excentrice striatuld, lineis concentricis versus umbilicum sensim evanescentibus ; spird parum elevatd, oblusiusculd ; suturd impressd, rufo obsolete marginata; anfractibus sex ad septem, vie convexiusculis, lente ac- crescentibus, ultimo obsolete angulato; apertura de- pressd, lunari, labro simplici, recto, margine columellari perobliqueé descendente, supernd brevissime reflexo. Turopore’s Herrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, subdiaphanous, horny-yellow, very closely finely rib- bed at the upper part, decussated with depressed concentric lines, smoother at the base, excentrically finely striated, the concentric lines gradually fading away towards the umbilicus; spire but little raised, rather obtuse; suture impressed, obsoletely edged with red; whorls six to seven, slightly convex, in- creasing slowly, the last obsoletely angled ; aperture depressed, lunar, lip simple, straight, columellar mar- gin very obliquely descending, very shortly reflected at the upper part. Puitrert, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846, p. 191. Hab. Mergui, East Indies; Philippi. April, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CLXXV. A subtran3parent olive-horny species, but little umbili- cated, with a thin simple lip. Species 1189. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix TRENQUELLEONIS. Hel. testé unguste umbilicatd, depressd, rude striatd, sub epidermide olivaceo-fuscd, albidd, fascid rufa cingulatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo depresso, antic? deflexo, basi paulo convexiore, levigatd; apertura perobliqud, subcirculari, labro breviter ex- panso, intus rufo-labiato, marginibus perapproxinatis, callo tenui junctis, columellari dilatato, reflexo. Tue TRENQUELLEON Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed, rudely striated, white, encircled with a red band, beneath an olive-brown epidermis ; whorls four to five, rather flat, increasing quickly, the last de- pressed, deflected in front, a little more convex at the base, smooth; aperture very oblique, nearly cir- cular, lip shortly expanded, red-edged within, mar- gins very approximated, joined by a thin callosity, columellar margin dilated and reflected. GravteLoup, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 13. Hab. Cordova, Argentine Republic. A European form, but distinguished by characteristic detail. Species 1190. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeELIx ALABAsTRITES. Hel. lestd imperforatd, depresso- globosd, subtiliter striatd, nitidd, albd, fasciis quingue pallidé cinctd; spird convexd, obtusd; anfractibus quingue, planulatis, lenté accrescentibus, ultimo com- presso, obsolete? angulato, antice subito valde deflexo ; apertura feré horizontali, angustd, lunato-ovali, labro intus labiato, marginibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, dextro arcuato, expanso, columellari strictius- culo, introrsum vix dilatato. Tue aLaBaster Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, finely striated, shining, white, sometimes en- circled with five pale brown bands; spire convex, obtuse; whorls five, rather flat, increasing slowly, the last compressed, obsoletely angled, suddenly much deflected in front; aperture nearly horizontal, narrow, lunar, lip edged within, margin approxima- ted, joined by a thin callosity, right margin arched, expanded, columellar margin rather drawn out, a little dilated inwards, Micuavp, Cat. Moll. d’Alger. vol. i. p. 279. Hab. North Africa. Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. viv. | A species of simple character, allied in form to the Eu- pean HH. nemoralis. Species 1191. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexvix mina. el. testa suboblect2 umbilicatd, conoideo- depressd, solidd, oblique striata, fulod, supernd fasciis duabus latiusculis nigricantibus tertidque angustd ad carinam cinctd ; spird convexo-conoided, obtusi ; an- fractibus quinque, vix convevis, ultimo carinato, anticé vir deflexo, basi subplanato, luted, fascia unicd nigri- cante ; apertura perobliqud, subrhombeo-lunari, labro candido, incrassato, reflexo. Tue Treat Hevix. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, conoidly depressed, solid, obliquely striated, fulvous, encircled at the upper part with two rather broad blackish bands, and a third narrow one at the keel; spire convexly conoid, obtuse; whorls five, searcely convex, the last keeled, slightly deflected in front, rather flattened at the base, which is yellow, with one black band; aperture very oblique, subrhomboid, lunar, lip white, thickened, retlected. PreirFer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852, p. 92. Hab. Cuba. It is extremely doubtful whether this is anything more than a variety of H. Bornii. Species 1192. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX DEFLEXA. Hel. test angusté umbilicata, depresso- globosd, solidiusculd, oblique striata, albida, fusco ob- soleté cingulatd et maculatd ; spird brevi ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planiusculis, ultimo anticé valde deflexo, busi planulato ; apertura lunato-ovali, coare- tatd, labro expanso, marginibus approximatis, callo junclis, columellari recto, elecato, umbilicum feré te- gente. Tur perLecteD Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, rather solid, obliquely striated, whitish, obsoletely encircled and spotted with brown ; spire short; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last very much deflected in front, rather flat at the base ; aperture lunar-oval, contracted, lip expanded, mar- gins approximated, joined by a callosity, columellar margin straight, erect, almost covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 153. Hab, Cuba. The lip of this species is unusually deflected on the body-whorl, causing the aperture to be contracted and the margins approximated. HELIX.—Puate CLXXYV. Species 1193. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Species 1194. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Henix suprostrata. Hel. testé umbilicaté, conoideo- | Hewix Bompayana. Hel. testa umbilicald, subglobosa, globosd, depresso-turbinata, laevigata, albidd aut sordide lutescente, fasciis fuscis interruplis sepe cingulata ; spird subelevatd, apice corned ; anfractibus quinque ad ser, converis, ultimo antice vix descendente ; apertura lunato-rotundatd, labro recto, acuto, intus fusco-labiato, marginthus approximatis, columellari dilatato. THE SLIGHTLY-BEAKED Hextx. Shell umbilicated, co- noidly globose, depressly turbinated, smooth, white or dirty-yellow, frequently encircled with interrupted brown bands; spire rather raised, horny at the apex; whorls five to six, couvex, the last scarcely descend- ing in front; aperture lunar-rounded, lip straight, sharp, brown-edged within, margins approximated, columellar margin dilated. Ferussac, Prodrome, No. 287. Hab. Spain, Algiers. A rounded thin-lipped opake-white shell, frequently en- circled with interrupted brown bands. paululum depressd, subdiaphand, nitidd, pallid rosea, longitudinaliter subtilissimé striata ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis; umbilico parvo ; apertura semirotun- data, labro acuto, leviter reflezo, albimarginato. Tue Bombay Hexix. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, a little depressed, subdiaphanous, shining, pale rose, longitudinally very finely striated; whorls five, con- vex; umbilicus small; aperture semicircular, lip sharp, slightly reflected, white-edged. GraTeLoup, Act. Soc. Nat. Hist. Bordeaux, vol. xi. p. 406. pl lot: Hab. Bombay. A light subtransparent fulvous-rose shell, pale yellow on the under surface. i il ew ; >a : _ Y : "9 wustaeae > siiall head wie : y = aig > a ee (Oo ' aati y EA iPres) AT, « 4 P 7 oa . and @ adj > fr ra Pair ye H » oF Heli [1 CLNNN1 HELIX. Pirate CLXXVI. Species 1195. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) He1ix scasriuscuna. Hel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, de- pressd, compresse carinatd, striato-rugosd, albidd ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, exsertis, supra planula- tis, fusco-maculatis, ultimo basi turgido, anticé descen- dente; apertura angulatd, lunato-securiformi, labro tenut, marginibus approximatis, supero recto, basali sublabiato, angulatim reflexo, columellari dilatato, ap- press. THE RouUGHISH Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressed, compressly keeled, striately rugose, white; whorls four to five, exserted, flattened above, brown- spotted, the last swollen at the base, descending in front ; aperture angular, lunately hatchet-shaped, lip thin, margins approximated, upper margin straight, basal slightly edged, angularly reflected, columellar margin dilated and appressed. Desnares, Ene. Méth. vol. ii. p. 130. Helix erycina, Jan. Helix selinuntina, Philippi. Hab. Sicily. The upper surface of the whorls is peculiarly concavely flattened, rendering them keeled and exserted at the edge. Species 1196. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx Lupovier. lenticulari, opacd, calcared ; spiré convexd, obtusd ; anfractibus septem, superis planiusculis, sequentibus convexiusculis, omnibus acute et subexserte carinatis, ultimo infra carinam compressam convexo, radiatim suleato et rudé granulato ; apertura fere diagonali, rotundato-lunari, labro subexpanso, margine basali ar- cuato, breviter reflexo. Louts’ Hexrx. Shell perspectively umbilicated, some- what lens-shaped, opake, chalky; spire convex, ob- tuse; whorls seven, uppermost rather flat, the fol- lowing rather convex, all sharply and rather exsertly keeled, the last convex beneath the compressed keel, radiately grooved and rudely granuled; aperture al- most diagonal, rotundately lunar, lip a little expanded, basal margin arched, shortly reflected. Axpers, Zeitschrift fiir Malac, 1852, p. 157. Hab. Island of Porto Santo. Hel. testa perspective umbilicaté, sub- A wrinkle-grained opake chalky shell, of the form of a Solarium. Species 1197. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX pDepressuLa. el. testd umbilicatd, lenticulari, rugoso-striatd, lutescente-albidd, compresso-carinata; anfractibus sex, prominulis, subplanulatis, ultimo basi convexo, antic? vie descendente ; umbilico lato, per- spectivo ; apertura securiformi, labro recto, angulato, intus labiato, marginibus approximatis. THE Depressed Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, lens-shaped, roughly striated, yellowish-white, compressly keeled ; whorls six, rather prominent, rather flattened, the last convex at the base, a little descending in front; umbilicus broad, perspective; aperture hatchet- shaped, lip straight, angled, edged within, margins approximated. Parreys, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. ix. p. 6. f. 562. Has. Oran, Algeria. Peculiarly convex at the base, the overhanging keel of the periphery being unusually prominent. Species 1198. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeELIx pLatycuena. Hel. testd imperforatd, subglobosd, cesio-albd, fasciis quatuor maculatis interdum cinctd, subliliter striata ; spiré conoided ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, convexis, ullimo antic? valde deflexo ; aper- turd perobliqua, truncato-rotundatd, labro late ex- panso-reflexo, albo sublabiato, margine columellari calloso, gibboso. THE BROAD-LIPPED Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, bluish-white, sometimes encircled with four spotted bands, finely striated; spire conoid; whorls five to six, convex, the last very much deflected in front; aperture very oblique, truncately rounded, lip broadly expandedly reflected, slightly edged with white, columellar margin callous, gibbous. MeNKE, Syn. 2nd edit. p. 125, Rossmiisler, Hist, Nat. vol, vii. p. 7. f. 443-445, and vol. x. p. 12. f. 593, Helix pretecta, San. Helix Sicana, var., Philippi. Helix spheroidea, Philippi. | Hab. Sicily. April, 1854. HELIX.—Priate CLXXVI. A globose shell, faintly marked with interrupted brown | bands, with a lip rotundately obliquely expanded. Species 1199. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx carrosuna. Hel. testd obtect? umbilicata, sub- semiglobosd, carinatd, superné globoso-converd, cariosd, subtus planiusculd, sordidé albd, carind filiform, su- turdique tuberculato-erosis ; anfractibus quinque, pla- niusculis ; aperturd lunari, labro simplici, sublabiato, angulato, margine supero subdeflexo, basali subincras- sato, columellari dilatato, reflexo, umbilicum tegente. THE SLIGHTLY WORM-EATEN Hexix. Shell with a co- vered umbilicus, subsemiglobose, keeled, globosely convex at the upper part, worm-eaten, rather flat, beneath dirty-white, with a thread-like keel, and with a suture tubercularly eroded ; whorls five, rather flat; aperture lunar, lip simple, slightly edged, an- gled, upper margin a little deflected, basal rather thickened, columellar dilated, reflected, covering the umbilicus. Micnavp, Moll. Algérie, p. 5. pl. 1. f. 11 and 12. Hab. Algeria. Closely allied to H. Ludovici, but with a contracted covered umbilicus. Species 1200. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX SEGESTANA. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depressa, acute carinatd, plicatd, superné planiusculd, albido et corneo variegatd, seriatim fusco-maculatd, sub carind inter- rupte fasciatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; apertura angulato-lunari, labro simplici, marginibus subapproximatis, columellari re- Jflexo. Tue marred Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, sharply keeled, plaited, rather flat at the upper part, variegated with white and horn, marked with rosy- brown stripes, interruptedly banded beneath the keel; whorls four to five, flat, the last deflected in front ; aperture angularly lunar, lip simple, margins nearly approximated, columellar reflected. Carocolla segestana, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. p. 136. pl. 8. f. 6. Hab. Sicily. Distinguished by a surface of fine irregularly wrinkle- plaited ridges. Species 1201. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix Jurtets. Hel. testa imperforatd, subgloboso-de- press, albida, fasciis quingue fusculis cingulata ; spira converd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, sensim accrescen- tibus, summis planis, ultimo antice valde deflexo ; aper- turd ovato-lunari, transversali, perobliqud, columella et aperture fauce castaneis, labro subexpanso, margine columellari stricto, calloso, gibbo. Jumuer’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobosely de- pressed, whitish, encircled with five bands of light brown; spire convex; whorls five to six, increasing slowly, the uppermost flat, the last very much de- flected in front ; aperture ovately lunar, transverse, very oblique, columella and interior of the aperture chestnut, lip a little expanded, columellar margin drawn out, callous, gibbous. Trerver, Cat. p. 17. pl. 2. f. 3 and 4. Helix Wagneri, Rossmiisler. Hab. Algeria; Wagner. It is doubtful whether this is anything more than a va- riety of H. lactea. Species 1202. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hetrx cariosa. Hel. testd umbilicata, orbiculari, cari- natd, utrinque convert, alba, crispato-rugellosd, rudi ; spird depresso-hemispharica ; anfractibus quinque, me- dio convexis, ultimo antice vix deflexo, circa umbilicum abrupt angulato ; apertura angulato-subcirculari, labro simplici, marginibus callo junctis, columellari crasso, reflexo. THE WorM-EATEN Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicular, keeled, convex on both sides, white, crisply finely wrinkled, rude ; spire depressly hemispherical ; whorls five, convex in the middle, last whorl a little deflected in front, abruptly angled round the umbilicus ; aper- ture angularly subcireular, lip simple, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin thick and reflected. OxtvieR, Voyage, vol. ii. pl. 221. pl. 31. f. 4. Hab. Syria. An opake chalk-white shell, chiefly distinguished by the compressly angled growth of the whorl around the wall of the umbilicus. Species 1203. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx Orrntana. Tel. testa umbilicatd, depressa, sub- lenticulari, carinatd, alba, striata; spird convexd ; suturd subcrenulata ; anfractibus quingue, planulatis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo antice vix deflexo ; aper- turd perobliqué, rotundato-lunari, subangulatd, labro simplici, umbilicum partim tegente. HELIX.—Puare CLXXVI. Orrui’s Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, somewhat lens-shaped, keeled, white, striated; spire convex, slightly crenulated at the suture; whorls five, rather flat, increasing slowly, the last a little deflected in front; aperture very oblique, rotundately lunar, slightly angled, lip simple, partially covering the umbilicus. Forses, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 250. Helix Jeannotiana, Terver. Hab. Bugia, North Africa. A comparatively smooth chalk-white shell, with a deli- cate sutural keel throughout. Species 1204. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeErx arietina. Hel. testdé angusté umbilicatd, depressa, soliduld, obliqué striata, lineis confertis impressis spi- ralibus subtiliter reticulata, opaco-alba, calcared, fas- ctis luteis latis lineisque fuscis nonnullis ornata, acute carinatd, carind compressa ; spird parum elecatd ; an- Jractibus quingue, superné subplanulatis, exsertis, ul- timo anticé descendente, basi convexo ; apertura lunato- securiformi, labro recto, acuto, intus validé labinto, margine columellari late reflexo. Tue RAM-HEAD Hewrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, ce- pressed, rather solid, obliquely striated, finely reticu- lated with close-set impressed spiral lines, opake- white, chalky, ornamented with a few broad yellow bands and brown lines, sharply keeled, keel com- pressed ; spire but little raised; whorls five, rather flat at the upper part, exserted, the last descending in front, convex at the base ; aperture lunar hatchet- shaped, lip straight, sharp, strongly edged within, columellar margin broadly reflected. RossMasLER, Zeitschrift fiir Malac, 1846, p. 172. Hab. Sierra of St. Cristoval, Spain; Dr. Willkomm. Chiefly distinguished by its flatly-raised spiral sutural keel and minute umbilicus. © iat ty tot be eH re Pri oe. et rig fae a Tee ope (eS $ . 1 (ae «18 ‘ ie} 7 ‘eo aad ’ : we ~*~ nlh. iatd ant bee é ht Ma be @ Pa sonq As : a f 7 Ts _ wh yp Aa, i ‘ ! ww sf , AL , wv al ; i 7 3 L Hedia, 2, CLX XVI 9205 = HELIX. Pirate CLXXVII. Species 1205. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix Mercvrensis. cata, depressd, utrinque convexd, carinatd, tenui, sub- tilissime granulato-striatd, pilis sparsis brevibus obsita, wallide fuscescente, carina subcompressd, lined castaned nolatd ; spird vix elevatd, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo antice deflexo, circa Hel. testa late perspective umbili- umbilicum angulato-compresso ; apertura perobliqua, labro late reflexo, appresso, marginibus fere continuis. Tue Merour Hexrx. Shell broadly perspectively um- bilicated, depressed, convex on both sides, keeled, thin, very finely granularly striated, covered with a few short hairs, light-brownish, keeled, rather com- pressed, marked with a chestnut line; spire scarcely raised, obtuse ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last deflected in front, angularly compressed about the umbilicus ; aperture very oblique, lip broadly reflected, appressed, margins almost continuous. Puitirrt, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846. p. 192. Hab. Mergui, Burmah. A subtransparent shell, with a rather broad obtusely angled umbilicus. Species 1206. (Mus, Pfeiffer.) Hewrx serrutata. Hel. testé angustissime umbilicatd, trochiformi, corrugato-striatd, sordidé alba, carinatd, carind obscure tuberculatd ; anfractibus sex, converius- culis, supremis subbicarinatis ; apertura rotundato-lu- nari, labro simplici, acuto, intus subtiliter labiato. THe sERRULATED Hexix. Shell very narrowly umbili- cated, trochus-shaped, wrinkle-striated, dull white, keeled, obscurely tuberculated; whorls six, rather convex, the uppermost slightly two-keeled ; aperture rotundately lunar, lip simple, sharp, slightly edged within. Turricula serrulata, Beck, Index, p. 10. Helix crenulata, Olivier. Hab. Alexandria. A rough-wrinkled trochus-shaped shell, peculiarly slant- ingly tubercled at the periphery of each whorl. Species 1207. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HEeLIx GALLopavonis. Jel. testa vix umbilicatd, sub- globosd, tenui, rugulosd, albidd, fasciis latis fascis cir- cumdatd et fusco-marmorata ; spira conica ; anfracti- bus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis ; apertura lu- nato-rotundatd, intus roseo-labiata ; columella latius- culd, expansd, rosed, labro simplici, subreflexo. THE PEACOcK’s-ckesT Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbili- cated, subglobose, thin, rugulose, whitish, surrounded with broad brown bands, and marbled with brown ; spire conical; whorls four to five, rather convex ; aperture lunar-rounded, edged with rose within; co- lumella rather broad, expanded, rose, lip simple, a little reflected. VALENCIENNES, Pfeiffer, Symbol, vol. ii. p. 28. Hab. Turk’s Island, near San Domingo. Chiefly distinguished by the pink colouring of the colu- mella and inner edge of the lip. Species 1208. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix Smyrnensis. Hel. testd late umbilicata, orbicu- lato-converd, obtuse carinatd, lutescente-corned, superneé subtiliter granulato-decussatd, sublus levi, nitida, re- mote luteo-radiatd ; anfractibus sex, convexo-declivi- bus; apertura oblique lunari, labro recto, simplici, acuto, intus remote labiato. Tue Smyrna Herx. Shell broadly umbilicated, orbi- cularly convex, obtusely keeled, yellowish horny, finely granulately decussated at the upper part, smooth and shining beneath, distantly yellow-rayed ; whorls six, convexly slanting; aperture obliquely lu- nar, lip straight, simple, sharp, remotely edged within. Roru, Diss. p. 16. pl. 1. f. 8, 9. Hab. Smyrna. An orbicularly depressed olive-horny shell, rather obso- letely keeled at the periphery and broadly deeply umbili- cated. Species 1209. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hetix GLoBuLomea. Hel. testa subangusté umbilicatd, conoideo-depressd, soliduld, irregulariter striata, nitide alba, interdum multifasciala ; spird breviusculd, apice subacutd ; anfractibus sex, convero-declicibus ; aper- turd lunato-rotundatd, labro simplici, acuto, intus pal- lide carneo-labiato, marginibus subapproximatis. Tue GLopuLorp Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly umbili- cated, conoidly depressed, rather solid, irregularly May, 1854. HELIX.—Puiate CLXXVII. striated, shining white, sometimes many-banded ; spire short, rather sharp at the apex; whorls six, convexly slanting ; aperture lunar rounded, lip simple, sharp, faintly flesh-edged within, margins rather ap- proximated. Terver, Catalogue, p. 26. pl. 3. f. 5, 7. Hab. Algeria. A shining white species, sometimes encircled with nu- merous bands. Fig. 1210. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Helix perpleca, Férussac, synonymous with I. grani- Jera, Gray, described and figured in Plate LIL. Sp. 252. Species 1211. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix srenompnata. el. testd angust? umbilicatd, glo- boso-depressi, subtiliter striata, lutescente, castaneo trifasciatd, fasciis extimis dilatatis et dilutis ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, convewiusculis, ultimo inflato, antice vix descendente ; apertura late lunari, labro re- Jleviusculo, late albo-labiato, margine columellari re- jflexo, appresso, umbilicum fere tegente. Tue NARROWLY umpBiLicaTeD Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely depressed, finely striated, yel- lowish, encircled with three chestnut bands, the outer of which are dilated and diluted; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last inflated, scarcely descending in front; aperture broadly lunar, lip slightly reflected, broadly white-edged, columellar margin reflected, ap- pressed, nearly covering the umbilicus. Menke, Synopsis (2nd edit.), p. 126. Hah. Croatia. Distinguished chiefly by the character of its three encir- cling bands, the outer of which are faintly marked and spread, whilst the centre is dark and determined. Species 1212. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Helix OCHROLEUCA. buloso-depressi, leciter striatd, albidd, superné ochraceo Hel. testé angusté umbilicata, glo- variegald, et fasciis aurantiis varie cingulald ; spird brevi, obtusa; suturd lineari; anfractibus septem, planis, ultimo medio carinato ; columella brevissind, verticali ; aperturd latd, lunari, labro simplici, mar- gine columellari reflexo, umbilicum partim tegente. Tue YELLow-wuite [e.tx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globulously depressed, slightly striated, whitish, va- riegated at the upper part with ochre, and variously encircled with orange bands; spire short, obtuse ; suture linear; whorls seven, flat, the last keeled in the middle; columella very short, vertical; aperture broad, lunar, lip simple, columellar margin reflected, partially covering the umbilicus. Helix (Helicostyla) ochroleuca, Férussac, Prodrome, p. 308. Hist. Moll. pl. 30. f. 1. Helix albella, Chemnitz. Hah. Bermuda; Menke. A delicately painted shell, with somewhat the aspect of a Helicina. : Species 1213. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heix ExpLANaTA. Hel. testa umbilicata, depressd, plano- spirata, opaco-alba, dense corrugato-striata ; anfracti- bus quingue, ad peripheriam carind compressé inflatis ; apertura securiformi, labro acuto, intus labiato. THe FLATTENED Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, depressed, flatly spired, opake-white, densely -wrinkle-striated ; whorls five, inflated at the periphery with a com- pressed keel; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip sharp, edged within. Mutter, Verm. vol. ii. p. 26. Helix planorbis marginata, Chemnitz. Helix albella, Draparnaud. Carocolla albella, Lamarck. Hab. Algeria and South of France. The whorls of the species are pinched out at the peri- phery into a compressed keel, which is seen throughout the spire in the place of the suture. Species 1214. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heuix Levis. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, globosd, tenui, lavi, oblique striata, obsolete granulatd, albida, punc- tis seriatis vel fasciis pellucidé corneis vari2 ornata ; spird brevi, acutiusculd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo inflato ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro acuto, intus sublabiato, margine columellari superné dilatato et refleco, umbilicum fere tegente. Tue tieHr Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, globose, thin, light, obliquely striated, obsoletely granulated, whitish, variously ornamented with rows of trans- parent horny dots or bands ; spire short, rather sharp ; whorls five, convex, the last inflated; aperture ro- tundately lunar, lip sharp, slightly edged within, columellar margin dilated and reflected at the upper part, almost covering the umbilicus. Prererer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac, 1845, p. 152. Hab. Banks of the Columbia River, California. A light inflated shell, extremely delicately pencilled with semitransparent horny lines and rows of dots. Helix. Pl. CLXXVIT . HELIX. Prate CLXXVIII. Species 1215. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexix Sprarrir. Hel. testd lat2 perspective umbilicaté, depressi, confertim costulatd, sordidé albd, vel fusca, saturatius fusco-carinatd, carind compressa, prominente, denticulatad ; spird vie elevaté ; anfractibus quinque, supra carinam valdé turgidis, subangulatim elevatis, ultimo basi convexo, antic? non descendente; apertura parvuld, angulato-subrotundatd, labro recto, acuto, intus albo-labiato. Sprarr’s Hexrx. Shell broadly perspectively umbili- cated, depressed, closely finely ribbed, dull white or brown, darker-banded, keeled, keel compressed, pro- minent, denticulated ; spire scarcely raised ; whorls five, much swollen above the keel, rather angularly raised, the last convex at the base, not descending in front; aperture rather small, angularly sub-rounded, lip straight, sharp, white-edged within. PFEIFFER, Symbolz, vol. iii. p. 69. Hab. Malta; Capt. Spratt. Of very peculiar growth, the whorls being swollen above the keel and then sunk into a hollow round the suture. Species 1216. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx costurata. Hel. testé umbilicaté, globoso-de- pressd, confertim costulald, albida vel fusco fasciatd et | radialé, vel nigricante, basi albo-cincld ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis ; aperturd dilatatd, lunato-cir- culari, labro tenui. THE FINELY-RIBBED Hexix. Shell umbilicated, glo- bosely depressed, closely finely ribbed, whitish or brown-banded and rayed, or blackish, encircled with white at the base; whorls five, rather convex; aper- ture dilated, lunar-circular, lip thin. ZIEGLER, Mus. C. Pfeiffer, Naturg. vol. iii. p. 32. pl. 6. f. 21, 22. Helix candidula, var., Rossmiisler. Helix striatula, Miill. Verm. vol. ii. p. 24. Helix intersecta, Michaud. Hab. Germany. Generally banded or lineated conspicuously with dark brown. Species 1217. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX BICALLOSA. bosd, tenui, striatuld, rufo-corned, oleoso-micante ; spird convexo-conoided ; anfractibus octo, convexiusculis, ul- timo subcarinato, albido-fasciato, antice descendente, bast subplanulato ; apertura subquadrato-lunari, intus den- tibus duobus callosis armatd, labro lenue reflexo. Hel. subobtect? umbilicatd, semiglo- THe BrcaLLous Hetrx. Shell witha nearly covered um- bilicus, semiglobose, thin, finely striated, reddish- horny, oil-shining; spire convexly conoid; whorls eight, rather convex, last whorl slightly keeled, white- banded, descending in front, rather flat at the base ; aperture subquadrately lunar, armed within with two callous teeth, lip thinly reflected. Frivatpszky, MSS. Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. iii. p- 638. Hab. Siberia. A shortly conical globose species, of shining horny sub- stance, composed of numerous narrow whorls, Species 1218. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hetx TerrestRIs. Hel. testd angust2 profund2 umbili- catd, pyramidali-conicad, dense oblique elevato-striata, opaco-albd, fusco spiraliter fasciald, infra planatd ; an- Sractibus sex, ullimo basi acute carinato ; apertura se- curiformi, labro recto, acuto, intus albo-labiato. THE TERRESTRIAL Hewix. Shell narrowly deeply um- bilicated, pyramidally conical, densely obliquely ele- vately-striated, opake white, spirally banded with brown, flat beneath; whorls six, the last sharply keeled at the base; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip straight, sharp, white-edged within. Trochus terrestris, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. part 2. p. 47. pl. 122. f. 1045. Helix terrestris, Fleming. Helix elegans, Gmelin. Helix trochulus, Hartmann. Carocolla elegans, Lamarck. Hah. South of France, Italy, Sicily, and North Africa. Though included by some authors in the British fauna, it is not a native of our isles. Species 1219. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewtx Noverca. Sel. testé umbilicatd, conoideo-depressé, oblique striata, fulvido-olivaced, medio albizonatd, zona rufo-marginala, sutura alhimarginatd ; anfractibus quingque ad sex, convexiusculis, ullimo antic® breviter descendente ; apertura diagonaliter rotundaté, labro appresso-expanso, albidd, marginibus perapproximatis. | Tue ster Hexix. Shell umbilicated, conoidly depressed, obliquely striated, fulvous olive, white-zoned in the middle, zone red-edged, suture white-edged ; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last shortly descending in front; aperture diagonally rounded, lip appressly expanded, white, margins very approximated. June, 1854. HELIX.—Puiate CLXXVIII. Frivaipszky, MSS. Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. iii. p. 648. Hab. Island of Crete. A dull olive shell, encircled round the middle with a characteristic white zone, bordered on each side by a red line. Zi Species 1220. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heuix emus. Hel. testd subangustée umbilicatd, depressa, tenuiculd, striald, opaco-alba, fasciis angustis nonnul- lis rufis cincld ; spird via elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planiusculis, ultimo anticé breviter deflexo ; apertura obliqud, lunato-circulari, labro tenui, subex- panso. Tue rivat Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, striated, opake white, en- circled with a few narrow red bands; spire scarceiy raised; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last shortly deflected in front; aperture oblique, lunar-circular, lip thin, a little expanded. RossMASLER, MSS. Pfeiffer Mon, Helic. viv. vol. iii. p. 235. Hab. Istria. A small rather flatly depressed shell, obliquely rugosely striated, encircled more or less with red-brown lines. Species 1221. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewrx wens. Hel. testé aperte umbilicatd, lenticulari, arctispird, acute carinald, superne costulato-striatd, ra- rissime pilosa, fusco-cornea ; anfractibus septem, sube- qualibus, planulatis ; aperturé depresso-lunari, labro refleco, appresso-expanso, subcalloso, allo, marginibus subapproximatis. Tue Lens Hetrx. Shell openly umbilicated, lens-shaped, close-spired, sharply keeled, rib-like striated at the upper part, very rarely hairy, brown-horny; whorls seven, nearly equal, flat; aperture depressly lunar, lip reflected, appressly expanded, rather callous, white, margins approximating. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 66. f. 21. Helix barbata, Deshayes. Hab. Morea and Grecian Archipelago. A flat closely convoluted dull horny shell, closely ele- vately striated on the upper part. Species 1222. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Herx pristrormis. Jel. testé anguste umbilicatd, glo- bost, tenui, oblique striata, striis ad suturas subplicatis, corneo-lutescente, fascid opaco-albd cingulatd ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sea, convexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro tenui, intus remote albo-labiato. THe peA-SHAPED Hextx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globose, thin, obliquely striated, striae subplicated at the suture, horny-yellow, encircled with an opake- white band; whorls five to six, convex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip thin, distantly white-edged within. Preirrer, Symbolie, vol. iii. p. 95. Hab. The Caucasus. A light globose species of a horny-yellowish colour, en- circled round the middle with a characteristic opake-white band. Species 1223. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx rugosa. Hel. testé late perspective umbilicata, orbiculato-depressi, sublus convexd, costato-plicatd, al- bidd, subtus obscure rufo-fasciolata ; spird vix elecata, suturd tenuimarginald ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, planulatis, ullimo convexo, carind filiformi crenulataé cinclad ; apertura lunato-rotundata, labro acuto, intus labiato, marginibus approximatis. Tne wriNktep Hexrx. Shell broadly perspectively umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, convex beneath, rib-plaited, whitish, obscurely red-banded beneath ; spire scarcely raised, suture thinly margined ; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last convex, encircled with a crenulated thread-like keel ; aperture lunar-rounded, lip sharp, edged within, margins approximated. Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. part 2. p. 152. pl. 133. f. 1208. Helix corrugata, Gmelin. Helix Gargotta, Rossmisler. Helix Groyana, Pérussac. Hab. italy, Sicily. An opake stone-coloured thread-keeled shell, densely wrinkled throughout. Species 1224. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix renvutcostata. Hel. testa vix umbilicatad, de- presso-globosd, solidiusculd, oblique costato-striatd, al- bidd, rufo plus minus cinctd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo tumido, anticé deflexo ; apertura lunato-ovali, labro tenuireflexo, appresso-ex- panso, umbilicum fere tegente. THE FINELY RIBBED Herx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly globose, rather solid, obliquely rib-striated, whitish, more or less encircled with red ; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last swollen and deflected in front; aperture lunar-oval, lip thinly reflected, ap- pressly expanded, nearly covering the umbilicus. Donker, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Helix pl. 6. f. 13. Hab. Mexico ? Finely rib-striated throughout, of a light stone-colour, more or less faintly encircled with red lines. Helix, Pl. CLAXIX & @ HELIX. Pirate CLXXIX. Species 1225. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX CINCTELLA. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, subgloboso- depress, lutescente, crystallind vel rubra, subtilissime striata, zonuld opaco-alba carinatd ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, planiusculis ; aperturd lunari, labro su- perné simplici, acuto, margine basali reflexiusculo. THE GIrDLED Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sub- globosely depressed, yellowish crystalline or reddish, very finely striated, keeled with an opake-white zone ; whorls five to six, rather flat; aperture lunar, lip simple at the upper part, sharp, basal margin slightly reflected. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 99. pl. 6. f. 28. Hab. Southern Europe. A horny subtransparent shell, encircled at the periphery by a narrow opake-white zone. Species 1226. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexrx Rorut. Hel. testd subobtect? umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, opaca, sordide alba, zonuld lineari rufa cingu- lata, subtus subpellucidd ; anfractibus sex, convexius- culis, ultimo viv descendente; apertura lunari, labro acuto, intus albo-labiato. Rora’s Herix. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, depressly globose, opake, dull white, encircled with a linear red zone, subpellucid beneath; whorls six, rather convex, the last scarcely descending ; aperture lunar, lip sharp, white-edged within. PreirFer, in Wiegman’s Archives, 1841, p. 218. Helix Olivieri, var., Roth. Hab. Island of Syra; Forbes. A horny shell of rather solid growth, subpellucid below, opake aboye, encircled with a red linear zone. Species 1227. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx Nararensis. el. testé imperforatd, subglobosé, tenui, levigatd, subdiaphand, corneo-albidd, lineis fus- cis irregulariter radiatd ; spird elevatiusculd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, leviter convexis ; columella sub- verticali, filiformi, profundé intrante ; aperturd luna- to-rotundatd, intus fulvd, nitidd, labro simplici, acuto. Tue Navan Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subglobose, thin, smooth, subdiaphanous, horny-whitish, irregularly rayed with brown lines; spire slightly raised, obtuse ; whorls four, slightly convex ; columella subvertical, thread-like, entering deeply ; aperture lunar-rounded, fulvous, and shining within, lip simple, sharp. Prerrrer, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 65. Hab. Natal, South Africa. A very light subglobose shell, obliquely streaked with pale brown. Species 1228. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx Krynicxu. Hel. testé angust? umbilicata, de- pressd, striatuld, nitidd, alba, apice corned, fasciis variis nigris, ad basin fuscidulis, interruptis ornatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, superné planiusculis ; aper- turd lunato-subcirculari, labro acuto, intus albo-labiato, marginibus conniventibus. Krynicki’s Hextx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressed, finely striated, shining, white, horny at the apex, ornamented with various interrupted black “bands, brownish at the base; whorls five to six, flat- tish at the upper part; aperture lunar-subcircular, lip sharp, white-edged within, margins approximating. AnprzEJowskI, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Moscow, vol. vi. p- 434. Helix cespitum, var., Férussac. Helix Babondubii, Parreyss. Hab. Croatia, Russia. The bands below the periphery are interrupted and of lighter colour. Species 1229. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx exciusa. Hel. lestd umbilicata, discoided, depressa, striata, acutissime carinatd, lutescente, fasciis duabus rufis cingulatd ; anfractibus quingue, concavo-planatis, ultimo circa umbilicum excacato ; apertura rhomboidali, labro simplici, acuto, margine basali leviter arcuato. Tue EXCLUDED Heuix. Shell umbilicated, discoid, de- pressed, striated, very sharply keeled, yellowish, en- circled with two red bands; whorls five, concavely flattened, last whorl excavated round the umbilicus ; aperture rhomboidal, lip simple, sharp, basal margin slightly arched. Hab. Islands of New Guinea and Vanikoro. June, 1854. HELIX.—Puiate CLXXIX. A very depressed hard horny species, encircled above and below the periphery with a conspicuous red band. Species 1230. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexix Bryneyana. Hel. testd late aperte umbilicata, depressd, subdiscoided, corneo-lutescente, strigis casta- neis oblique undatis subtus dilutis pictd, striis longi- tudinalibus et spiralibus minutis sub lente decussaté ; spird pland, suturd impressd; anfractibus quinque, convexis ; apertura peroblique lunari, labro acuto, mar- gine basali reflexiusculo. Bryney’s Hexrx. Shell broadly openly umbilicated, de- pressed, subdiscoid, painted with obliquely waved chestnut streaks, diluted beneath, decussated beneath the lens with minute longitudinal and spiral strize ; spire flat, suture impressed; whorls five, convex ; aperture very obliquely lunar, lip sharp, basal margin a little reflected. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 13. Hab. Island of Chiloe; E. B. Philippi. A discoid Cyclostoma-like species, richly painted on the spire with obliquely waved chestnut streaks. Species 1231. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeLix caLaMEecHRoa. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatéa, globoso-depressa, tenui, nitidd, pellucidé, stramined, transversim regulariter striata, lineis spiralibus tenuis- simis sub lente decussatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura lunari, labro simplici, acuto. THE sTRAW-cOLOURED Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbili- cated, globosely depressed, thin, shining, pellucid, straw-coloured, transversely regularly striated, decus- sated beneath the lens with very fine spiral lines; whorls five to six, increasing gradually; aperture lunar, lip simple, sharp. Jonas, Philippi Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 47. pl. 3. f. 2. Hab, Guinea. A delicate straw-coloured species of simple form. Species 1232. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix srmunata. Hel. testa angusté umbilicaté, globoso- turbinatd, regulariter costulato-strialé, albidd vel grised, fusco vel spadiceo interrupt? fasciatd ; spird te 5 ' A : conoided ; anfractibus quingue, conveviusculis ; aper- turd lunato-subcirculari, labro acuto, intus labiato, marginibus approximatis. THe ALLIED Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bosely turbinated, regularly rib-like striated, whitish or grey, encircled with interrupted brown or fawn bands; spire conoid; whorls five, rather convex ; aperture lunar-subcircular, lip sharp, edged within, margins approximating. Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 289. Hab, Syria, Egypt, Canary Islands. Of an opake bluish-white, interruptedly banded and finely rib-striated throughout. Species 1233. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELiIx Prummareo. Hel. testd perspective umbilicatd, de- pressi, supra planiusculd, calcareo-alha, rard fasciata, carina filosd cingulatd ; anfractibus quingue, convexi- usculis ; apertura rotundatd, labro recto, acuto, intus remote sublabiato, marginibus subapproximatis. THE THREAD-EDGED Hexix. Shell perspectively umbi- licated, depressed, flat above, chalk-white, rarely banded, encircled with a thread-like keel ; whorls five, rather convex ; aperture rounded, lip straight, sharp, distantly slightly edged within, margins rather ap- proximating. ZinGLER, Rossmiisler Hist. Moll. vol. vi. p. 33. f. 358. Helix Taurica, Partsch. Tab. Tauria. A chalk-white shell, encircled with a thread-like keel running through the groove of the suture. Species 1234. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix petrrecta. Hel. testa imperforata, lenticulari, ca- rinatd, fusca, minute elevato-striata ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, carina late prominente, in omnibus anfrac- tibus suture appressa; apertura securiformi, labro superné simplici, margine basali subincrassato. Tur perecteD Heiix. Shell imperforated, lens-shaped, keeled, brown, minutely elevately striated ; whorls five to six, keel broadly prominent, in all the whorls appressed to the suture; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip simple above, basal margin slightly thickened. Ferussac MSS. Pfeiffer Symbol, vol. ii. p. 27. Hab. Island of Bourbon. A hard depressed dull olive species, with the periphery peculiarly pressed out into a keel which passes through the spire in the place of the suture. 1242 1258 1244 Enlarged ':; diame Mediv, Pl. CLAN. HELIX. Prate CLXXX. Species 1235. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heuix parva. Hel. testd angustissine umbilicatd, de- presso-lurbinatd, striatuld, nitente, sordidé lutescente ; spird conoided, apice acutiusculd, corned ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, vic convexiusculd, ultimo ad periphe- riam albo-subcarinato; apertura lunato-circulari, labro acuto, margine columellari reflexo. THE sMALL Hexrx. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, depressly turbinated, finely striated, shining, dull yellow; spire conoid, rather sharp and horny at the apex; whorls five to six, scarcely convex, last whorl faintly white-keeled at the periphery ; aperture lunar- circular, lip sharp, columellar margin reflected. Parreyss, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. i. p. 441. Hab. Sardinia. A small dull yellowish species, encircled round the peri- phery with a narrow whitish zone. Species 1236. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Herx rnscuirta. Tel. testd imperforatd, depressd, len- ticulari, utrinque @equaliter convexd, acute carinatd, soliduld, castaned, superne costulis confertis et lined spirali carina parallela insculptd ; anfractibus quingue, planis, ultimo basi levigato, sublus carinam impressa ; columella dente brevi acuto albo munitd ; apertura de- presso-securiformi, labro simplici. THe ENGRAVED Hewtx. Shell imperforated, depressed, lens-shaped, equally convex on both sides, sharply keeled, rather solid, chestnut, engraved on the upper part with fine close-set ribs, and a spiral line parallel to the keel; whorls five, flat, the last smooth at the base, and impressed beneath the keel ; columella fur- nished with a short sharp white tooth; aperture de- pressly hatchet-shaped, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 129. Hab, ——? A small dark Rotella-shaped shell, encircled with a faintly impressed line above the keel, which is sharply pressed out at the periphery. Species 1237. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heix voivoxis. Jel. testa aperte umbilicatd, orbicu- lari-discoided, rufescente-corned, regulariter costato- striatd ; spird convexo-planatd, suturd impressd ; an- fractibus septem, rotundatis, lentd accrescentibus, ul- timo angulato, infra angulum declivi-inflato ; apertura | reniformi, labro calloso, reflexo, marginibus callo breci triangulari dentiformi junclis. Tue worm-Like Hexix. Shell openly umbilicated, or- bicularly discoid, reddish-horny, regularly rib-like striated ; spire convexly flattened, suture impressed ; whorls seven, rounded, increasing slowly, the last angled, below the angle slantingly inflated; aperture kidney-shaped, lip callous, reflected, margins joined by a short, angular, tooth-like callosity. Parreyss, Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. iii. p. $0. Hab. Georgia, Florida, North America. A horny discoid shell, so convoluted that the umbilicus is unusually broader in the centre of the last whorl than of the rest. Species 1238. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX HIPPOCREPIS. depressit, confertim costato-striata, albida aut Suscula ; spird convero-planata ; anfractibus quinque ad sez, Hel. testd subapert2 umbilicaté, carinatis, supra plano-convexis, infra declivi-tumidis, ultimo subitd deflero, pone aperturam scrobiculato ; apertura horizontali, subauriformi, labro reflero, an- Sractis penultimi pariete lamind ovato-quadrangulari munild. Tue worsk-snog Hetrx. Shell rather openly umbili- cated, depressed, closely rib-like striated, whitish or brownish; spire convexly flattened; whorls five to six, keeled, flatly convex above, slantingly swollen beneath, last whorl suddenly deflected, pitted behind the aperture; aperture horizontal, somewhat ear- shaped, lip reflected, wall of the penultimate whorl furnished with an ovately quadrangular lamina. Preirerer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1848, p. 119. Hab. Texas, North America; Dr. Roemer. Distinguished by a very peculiarly developed aperture, the wall of the penultimate whorl being furnished with a lamina of the shape of a horse-shoe. Species 1239. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix virernatis. Hel. testa angustd umbilicatd, sub- depresso-orbiculari, caleareo-alba, tenué corrugato-stri- alo; spird brevi, suturd subimpressd ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis ; apertura lunato-rotundaté, labro aculo, intux ecrasse albilabiato, marginibus approxi- matis. Tue MAIDEN Heurx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, sub- June, 1854. HELIX.—Piate CLXXX. depressly orbicular, chalk-white, finely wrinkle-stri- ated ; spire short, suture rather impressed ; whorls five, rounded; aperture lunar-rounded, lip sharp, thickly callous-edged within, margins approximating. Jan, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. viv. vol. ii. p. 132. Hab. Texas? This shell, quoted erroneously by Dr. Pfeiffer in the first edition of his monograph as a variety of 1. Berlanderiana, is more opake and solid than that species, and more likely to be a native of the locality quoted. Species 1240. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heuix Hartunet. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, sub- depressi, tenuissimé striata, nitente-albd, apice corned ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis, ultimo sublate rotundato ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro acuto, in- tus albo-labiato, marginibus approximatis. Hartune’s Herx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, rather depressed, very finely striated, shining white, horny at the apex ; whorls five to six, convex, the last rather broadly rounded; aperture lunar-circular, lip sharp, white-edged within, margins approximating. ALBERS, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852, p. 30. Hab. (sland of Porto Sancto; Hartung. A thin, delicate, shining white shell, of simple spiral form. Species 1241. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIx LEUCOZONA. Hel. testa vie umbilicatd, orbiculari- convexd, dilute rufescente, subpellucidd, zonuld pellu- cidd albé medio cingulatd, subtiliter striatd ; anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, convexis ; apertura transversim lunari, labro plano-reflexo, albo-labiato, margine basali stricto. THE WHITE-ZONED Hetix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbicularly convex, dilutely reddish, subpellucid, en- circled round the middle with a white transparent zone, finely striated; whorls five to six, convex ; aperture transversely lunar, lip flatly reflected, white- edged, basal margin drawn out. ZieGuer, C. Pfeiffer, Moll. vol. iii. p. 34. pl. 6. f. 19, 20. Helix delopida, Jan. Hab. Austria and North Italy. The transparent white zone which encireles this shell at the periphery is seen throughout the spire. Species 1242. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heuix canpiputa. Hel. testa umbilicatd, globoso-de- pressd, minute striata, albida, interdum fusco fasciata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexiusculis, ullimo antice vix deflexo; apertura lunari-rotundata, labro simplici, intus valideé albo-labiato. Tue wuitish Hextx. Shell umbilicated, globosely de- pressed, minutely striated, whitish, sometimes banded with brown; whorls four to five, rather convex, the last a little deflected in front ; aperture lunar-rounded, lip simple, strongly white-edged within. Sruper, Syst. Verz. p. 87. Helix bidentata, Draparnaud. Helix thymorum, Krynicki. Helix striatula, Hartmann. Hab. Southern Europe. A simple dull whitish shell, sometimes faintly banded or streaked with light-brown. Species 1243. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexix Avspert. Hel. testé angusté umbilicata, globoso- depressd, tenuiculd, subtilissimé striata, cerev-albida aut stramined ; spira conoided, subobtusd ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis, ullimo latiore, tumidiusculo ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. Auper’s Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely depressed, rather thin, very finely striated, wax-white or straw-colour; spire conoid, rather obtuse ; whorls five, rather convex, the last broader, rather swollen ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Orpieny, Moll. Cuba, vol. i. p. 157. pl. 7. f. 13, 16. Hab, Cuba. A light straw-coloured waxen shell, without marking. Species 1244. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeELix provea. Hel. testa umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, albidd, fusco interdum maculata aut fasciata ; spira conoided, apice corned ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura circulari, labro simplici, paululum expanso. Tue protean Hexix. Shell umbilicated, depressly glo- bose, whitish, sometimes spotted or banded with brown; spire conoid, horny at the apex ; whorls five to six, convex, the last rounded ; aperture circular, lip simple, a little expanded. Zirauer, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. viii. p. 34. f. 521. Hab. Corfu. A chalk-white shell, with rounded whorls more or less interruptedly banded. 4249 670 ( Magnified diam?!) Helix FL CLXXXI | HELIX. Puate CLXXXI. Species 1245. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix Zreperruyt. Hel. testa conoided, trochiformi, minute umbilicatd, sordidé albd, apice corned ; spirdé turritd ; anfractibus quinque, dense tenue plicato-annu- latis, ultimo basi plano-convexd ; apertura parva, intus carned, labro simplici. ZrEBETRUL’s Hexix. Shell conoid, trochus-shaped, mi- nutely umbilicated, dead white, horny at the apex; spire turreted ; whorls five, rounded, densely finely plicately ringed, the last flatly convex at the base; aperture small, flesh-tinged within, lip simple. Apers, Pfeiffer, MSS. Hab. ? A small Scalaria-like shell, with a turreted pyramidal spire, annulated throughout with fine plait-like rings. Species 1246. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix AMMONITOIDES. umbilicatd, confertissime filoso-plicatd, corned, rufo obsolete strigata ; spird immersd ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis ; apertura subverticali, lunari, labro sim- Hel. testé involutd, utrinque plici, marginibus remotis. Tur AMMONITE-LIKE Hetrx. Shell involute, umbili- cated on both sides, very closely thread-plaited, horny, obsoletely red-streaked ; spire immersed ; whorls four, rounded ; aperture subvertical, lunar, lip simple, mar- gins distant. Helix omicron, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1851, p. 128. Hab. Australia. A small nautiloid species, the spire being completely im- mersed, making the shell to be umbilicated on both sides. Species 1247. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heix trocurironipes. Hel. testd sublate umbilicatd, orbiculato-convexiusculd, tenuistriatd, pellucido-albd ; spird via elevatd ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis ; aper- turd subverticali, lunato-subcirculari, labro recto, acuto, marginibus conniventibus. THE LITTLE TRocHoID Hexix. Shell rather broadly umbilicated, orbicularly slightly convex, finely striated, transparent white ; spire scarcely raised ; whorls six, rather flat; aperture subvertical, lunar-subeircular, lip straight, sharp, margins approximating. D’Orpieny, Voy. dans |’Amér. Mérid. p. 251. p. 27. f. 12, 15. Hab. Bolivia and near Lima, Peru; D’Orbigny. Of simple flattish growth, somewhat perspectively um- bilicated. Species 1248. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX ELATA. planulatd, sordidé albd ; spird pyramidali ; anfracti- bus octo, plano-declivibus, obliqué costato-striatis, ad peripheriam acute filo-carinatis ; apertura securiformi, Hel. testa minute umbilicatd, conicd, basi labro simplici, acuto. Tue ratseD Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, coni- cal, flat at the base, dead white; spire pyramidal ; whorls eight, flatly slanting, obliquely rib-striated, sharply thread-keeled at the periphery; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip simple, sharp. Faure-Bicuet, Férussac, Prodrome, No. 304. Hab. Capri, Sicily ; Philippi. Of a sharply conical pyramid form, obliquely rib-striated throughout. Species 1249. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx compar. Tel. testd ampliter umbilicata, depressé, sordidé olivaced, fasciis rufis duabus spiralibus ; spird subcanaliculatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, superne obtuse angulatis, infra rotundatis, striis plicatis albi- dis conspicuis eleganter annulatis ; apertura perobliqua, subcirculari, margine continuo, albido, subexpanso. Tue Like Hextx. Shell largely umbilicated, depressed, dull olive, with two red spiral bands; spire slightly channelled ; whorls six to seven, obtusely angled at the upper part, rounded below, elegantly ringed throughout with conspicuous whitish plait-like strix ; aperture very oblique, nearly circular, margin con- tinuous, whitish, subexpanded. Lowe, Faun. Madér. p. 48. pl. 5. f. 23. Hab. Madeira. Exquisitely sculptured throughout with prominently raised plait-like rings. Species 1250. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heurx Scuomprit. Hel. testd umbilicatd, subdepressa, June, 1854. HELIX.—Piate CLXXXI. densissimd elevato-striatd, albidd, fasciis corneo-fuscis supra infraque cingulatd ; anfractibus quinque, ad su- turam impressis, medio carinatis ; apertura securiformi, labro simplici. Scnompri’s Hexix. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, very densely elevately striated, whitish, encircled above and below with horn-brown bands; whorls five, im- pressed at the suture, keeled in the middle; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip simple. Scaccut, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. vol. i. p. 444. Hab. Sicily. An opake white shell, encircled with light horn-brown bands, with a cord-like keel round the periphery. Species 1251. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hexix Caronr. Hel. testé minute umbilicata, pyrami- dali-conica, basi planulatd, sordide alba ; anfractibus decem, plano-declivibus, dense obliqué plicato-striatis, ad peripheriam conspicué serrato-carinatis ; apertura depresso-securiformt. Caron’s Hertx. Shell minutely umbilicated, pyramid- ally conical, flat at the base, dead white; whorls ten, flatly slanting, densely obliquely plicately striated, conspicuously serrately keeled at the periphery ; aper- ture depressly hatchet-shaped. Desnayes, Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. ii. p. 262. Helix turrita, Rossmiisler. Hab. Sicily. A sharply conoid pyramid, like /. e/ata, but more ser- rately striated over the keel. Species 1252. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix ruGcostuscuna. Hel. lesté umbilicatd, subdepressa, undique confertim elegantissime costulato-striatd, pal- lidé grisea, apice corned; anfractibus quingue, con- vexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. THE SLIGHTLY WRINKLED Hevix. Shell umbilicated, rather depressed, very elegantly closely rib-like stri- ated throughout, light grey, horny at the apex; whorls five, convex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Micuaup, Complement, p. 14. pl. 15. f. 11-14. Hah, Central Pyrenees. Of simple form, elegantly sculptured throughout with fine raised strie, Species 1253. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hevix tTrocnorpes, Hel, testa umbilicatd, globoso-py- ramidali, basi plano-convexd, albida, interdum pallidé JSasciatd ; spird subobtusd, apice corned ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexis, carind filiformi inferné cine- tis ; apertura late lunari. Tue TrocHorD Hexix. Shell umbilicated, flatly convex at the base, globosely pyramidal, whitish, sometimes faintly banded; spire rather obtuse, horny at the apex; whorls five to six, convex, encircled at the lower part with a thread-like keel; aperture broadly lunar. Porret, It. Barbad. vol. ii. p. 29. Helix conica, Draparnaud. Helicella solarium, Risso. Hab. Southern Europe. Of a more globosely conoid form than the preceding pyramidal species of this plate, the whorls being more con- vex, and the cord-like keel round the basal periphery of each less prominent. Species 1254. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heirx Syrensis. noided, confertim obliqué costulato-striata, carinata, Tel. testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-co- albidd, spadiceo marmorata ; spird subdepressd, apice acuta, corned ; anfractibus quingue, planulatis ; aper- turd rotundato-lunari, labro simplici. Tue Syra Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, orbicularly conoid, closely obliquely rib-like striated, keeled, whitish, marbled with fawn ; spire rather depressed, sharp and horny at the apex ; whorls five, flat; aperture rotun- dately lunar, lip simple. PreirreER, Symbol, vol. iii. p. 69. Hab. Island of Syra; Forbes. A rather flatly depressed sharply-angled conoid shell, obliquely rib-striated throughout, = Helix, Pl. CLXXXTJ/. HELIX. Piate CLXXXII. Species 1255. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Hewix Bescxer. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicaté, orbicu- lato-convexd, levigatd, corneo-luted, nitidissima ; spira subconoided ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, re- gulariter accrescentibus ; aperturd late lunari, labro simplici. Bescke’s Hexix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, smooth, horny-yellow, very shining; spire subconoid ; whorls five to six, convex, increasing re- gularly ; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. Donker, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1847, p. 81. Hah. Brazil; Bescke. A small depressly conoid subglassy species, with a bright glossy surface. Species 1256. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Kawarensis. Hel. testd late spiraliter umbili- cata, orbiculato-converd, fuscescente-corned ; spird sub- depressd, sutura distinctd ; anfractibus quatuor, sub- rotundatis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue Kawar Hexrx. Shell broadly spirally umbilicated, orbicularly convex, brownish-horny ; spire rather de- pressed, suture distinct; whorls four, somewhat rounded ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Kawai, Sandwich Islands; Newcomb. A minute conoidly spiral shell, with only slight increase in the whorls, which coil around a broad open umbilicus. Species 1257. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix supaauita. Hel. testé angusté et profundé um- bilicatéd, orbiculato-convexrd, corneo-stramined, tenui, semipellucidé, laevigata ; spird subobtusd, suturd im- pressé ; anfractibus quatuor, convewis ; aperturd late lunari, labro simplict. THE suNn-BuRNT Hextx. Shell narrowly and deeply umbilicated, orbicularly convex, horny straw-colour, thin, semitransparent, smooth; spire rather obtuse, with the suture impressed; whorls four, convex ; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. SuurrLteworrH, Mus. Cuming. Had. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. Mr. Cuming’s specimen of this species is of a light semitransparent straw-colour. Species 1258. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HELIX TABELLATA. Hel. testa subperspecticd umbilicata, perdepressa, tenuiculd, supernd minute rugosa et granu- lata, fusculo et albido marmorald ; spird concavo-pla- nata, versus apicem elevatiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, ad peripheriam acute angulatis, infra converis, fusco- fascialis ; apertura oblique rotundato-lunari, labro sub- expanso. THe tTaBLe Herx. Shell somewhat perspectively um- bilicated, very depressed, rather thin, minutely wrinkled and granulated at the upper part, marbled brown and white; spire concavely flattened, a little raised towards the apex; whorls five, very sharply angled at the periphery, convex beneath, brown- banded; aperture obliquely rotundately lunar, lip slightly expanded. Lowe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Second Series, vol. ix. p. 116. Hah. Madeira. A very characteristic species, distinguished chiefly by its broadly convoluted concavely depressed spire. Species 1259. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevrx reGuLaris. Hel. testd vix umbilicata, pyramidali- conicd, breviusculd, basi convexo-pland, trochiformi, pellucido-corned ; anfractibus quingue, convexo-planis, ultimo angulato-carinato ; apertura depresso-lunari, labro tenui, simplici. Tue recuLtar Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, pyra- midally conical, rather short, convexly flattened at the base, trochus-shaped, transparent horny; whorls five, convexly flattened, the last angularly keeled ; aperture depressly lunar, lip thin, simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. New Zealand. A somewhat obtuse trochiform horny species, sharply angularly keeled round the basal periphery. Species 1260. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx excisa. Hel. testa latissimd aperté umbilicata, June, 1854. HELIX.—Puiare CLXXXI. orbiculato-depressd, subdiscoided, tenuissimd, pellucido- corned, undique striato-annulald ; spird depressd, su- turd canaliculaté ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor ; aperturd parod, subcirculari, labro simplici. Tue cur Hetrx. Shell very broadly openly umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, subdiscoid, very thin, transpa- rent horny, striately ringed throughout; spire de- pressed, suture channelled; whorls three to four ; aperture small, nearly circular, lip simple. PrerrFreR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. A very widely coiled transparent horny shell, the whorls very little increasing. Species 1261. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeLix patirpuna. Hel. testé angust2 umbilicatd, con- vexo-depressd, tenui, pellucida, confertim oblique striata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexiusculis ; apertura obliqua, laté lunari, labro simplici. Tue pate Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, convexly depressed, thin, transparent, closely obliquely striated ; whorls five to six, rather convex ; aperture oblique, broadly lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846. p. 128. Hab. Chili? Of transparent horny substance, simply convoluted, marked with oblique strie and a very small umbilicus. Species 1262, (Mus. Cuming.) Hextx pLacuprycua. Hel. testi anguste et profunde umbilicatad, oblique turbinatd, subtrochiformi, tenui, corned ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexis ; apertura parva, subcirculari, labro simplici. THE OBLIQUELY-corLED Hexrx. Shell narrowly and deeply umbilicated, obliquely turbinated, somewhat trochus-shaped, thin, horny; whorls four to five, con- vex ; aperture small, nearly circular, lip simple. SuurTLeWworTH, Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. A small horny species of a short trochiform shape, with the suture rather impressed. Species 1263. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) Heiix EGENA. Jel. testd imperforata, semigloboso-turbi- natd, glabra, nitidissima, vitred ; spird conoideo-ele- vatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, lent ac- crescentibus, ultimo basi convexo, medio impresso-punc- turato ; apertura depresso-lunari, labro simplici. Tue pistrEssED Heurx. Shell imperforated, semiglo- bosely turbinated, smooth, very shining, glassy ; spire conoidly raised ; whorls five to six, convex, increasing slowly, the last convex at the base, impressly punc- tured in the middle; aperture depressly lunar, lip simple. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. v. p. 120. Hab. Philadelphia; Say. A minute semiglobose glassy shell, semipunctured in the place of the umbilicus. Species 1264. (Mus. Pfeiffer.) HeLrx PROBLEMATICA. Jel. testdé umbilicatd, convero- depressa, tenuissima, striatuld, pellucida, nitente, pal- lidé stramined ; spirdé converd, apice subprominulo, obtuso, suturd submarginata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, infra peripheriam subangulatis, basi planiusculis ; apertura obliqua, subtrapezoided, labro simplici, maryine colu- mellari sub umbilicum interdum expanso. THe PROBLEMATIC Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, convexly depressed, very thin, finely striated, transparent, shining, light straw-colour ; spire convex, apex rather prominent, obtuse, suture faintly margined ; whorls four to five, rather convex, increasing rapidly, slightly angled below the periphery, rather flat at the base ; aperture oblique, subtrapezoid, lip simple, columellar margin sometimes expanded over the umbilicus. Prererer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1852. p. 91. Hab. ? A light transparent straw-coloured shell, of extremely thin texture. Melio, LICL ANN HELIX. Puare CLXXXTIL. Species 1265. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix #£RvUGINOSA. Tel. testd imperforatd, sudepresso- globosd, tenuistriatd, nitente, subpellucido-albd, virente versus suturas tinctd; spird tumidiusculd, apice ob- tusd; anfractibus quatuor, concexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro tenué reflexo ; columelld stricta, calloso- appressd. THE CANKERED Hewix. Shell imperforated, subde- pressly globose, finely striated, shining, subpellucid- white, tinged with green towards the sutures; spire rather swollen, obtuse at the apex; whorls four, con- vex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip thinly reflected ; columella drawn out, callously appressed. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Philippine Islands. A thin shining ivory-white shell, tinged with canker- green, more especially next the suture. Species 1266. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Lacera. Hel. testa imperforatd, oblongo-globosd, solidiusculd, obliqué tenuistriatd, fulvo-brunned, epi- dermide hydrophand obliqué strigatd; spird tumida, perobtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, convewiusculis, ad su- turas minute marginatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro reflexo ; columella latissimé calloso-appressa. Tue TorN Hexrx. Shell imperforated, oblong-globose, rather solid, obliquely finely striated, fulvous-brown, obliquely streaked with a hydrophanous epidermis ; spire swollen, very obtuse; whorls four, slightly con- vex, minutely margined at the suture; aperture ob- liquely ovate, lip reflected; columella very broadly callously appressed. PreirFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of a peculiar oblong-globose form, very broadly callous, appressed at the columella, differing characteristically in form from any of the species collected in the same locality by Mr. Cuming. Species 1267. (Mus. Cuming.) Henix GaNoma. Hel. testd anguste umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, circa umbilicum excavatd, olivaceo-fusces- — cente, infra peripheriam et circa umbilicum castaneo | latifasciatd ; spird convexd, suturd subimpressd ; an- fractibus quinque, convexis, spiraliter minulé sulcatis, arcuatius striatis, striis ad suturas subplicatis ; aper- turd oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue BEAUTIFUL Hexurx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly orbicular, excavated around the umbilicus, olive-brown, broadly chestnut-banded below the pe- riphery and around the umbilicus; spire convex, spi- rally minutely grooved, arcuately striated, the stria being faintly plicated at the suture; suture rather impressed; whorls five, convex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; F. Layard. Very closely allied to H. Juliana. Species 1268. (Mus. Cuming.) Hextx microsprra. el. testd imperforata, globosa, in- Jlatd, levigatd, albida, fasciis duabus purpureo-nigris cincld, epidermide corned nitente induld ; spird parcd, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo maximo, tumido ; aperturé ampld, late lunari, labro reflexo ; columella laté calloso-appressa. THE SMALL sprrED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, inflated, smooth, whitish, encircled with two purple- black bands, covered with a shining horny epidermis ; spire small, obtuse; whorls four, convex, the last very large, swollen; aperture large, broadly lunar, lip reflected; columella broadly callously appressed. PreiFreRr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Philippine Islands. This species is closely allied to H. coccomelos, but the last whorl is much larger and more inflated. Species 1269. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix prericryis. Hel. testé imperforata, orbiculari- depressd, subinflata, albidd, fulvescente tincta, zonis brunneis tribus distantibus cingulata ; spird brevi, ob- tus; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convexis ; apertura subampla, subquadrato-lunari, labro reflero ; columella latissimé calloso-appressd. Tue pirricutt Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly depressed, rather inflated, whitish, stained with ful- vous and encircled with three distant brown zones ; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, flatly convex ; aper- ture rather large, somewhat squarely lunar, lip re- flected ; columella very broadly callously appressed. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of the’same typical character as the preceding species, but more depressly convoluted. June, 1854. 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L , ( mf ‘ ' u-. wine D - : \ : © i 7 f 7 ‘oe ; _% t.3 O 1 n 43 : — - je 4 d AL - re ei, ee 7 Gl 7 iW b.) 9 ‘> : _ : 7 7 © : ’ : ; mh @or : a h : ae? ie + : 7 a6 eRe 7 : aj § . 4 > 7 7 ‘ Nilix, L. CEA. HELIX. Puate CLXXXIV. Species 1270. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix continua. Hel. testa ampliter et profunde um- bilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, lentiformi, rufo-castaneéa ; spird plano-convexd ; anfractibus quinque, oblique ar- cuato-striatis, ad peripheriam angulato-carinatis, ul- timo antice descendente ; apertura subquadrato-lunari, horizontali, dente parvo in anfractu penullimo, labro reflexo, marginibus lamind callosa junctis. Tue continuous Hetix. Shell largely and deeply um- bilicated, depressly orbicular, lens-shaped, reddish- chestnut ; spire flatly convex ; whorls five, obliquely arcuately striated, angularly keeled at the periphery, the last descending in front; aperture subquadrately lunar, horizontal, with a small tooth on the penulti- mate whorl, lip reflected, margins joined by a callous lamina. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Province of Ocana, Ecuador ; Schlim. Chiefly distinguished from its allies already figured, by the presence of a single small tooth upon the body-whorl. Species 1271. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix sannio. Hel. testa sinistrali, anguste umbilicata, orbiculato-convexd, dense arcuatim elecato-striatd, su- pra pallida, infra olivaceo-castaned ; spird subconoided ; anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-convexis, ad periphe- riam obluse carinatis ; apertura subquadrato-lunari, labro subreflexo, albido, nitente. Tue mire Hexix. Shell sinistral, narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, densely arcuately elevately striated, pale above, olive-chestnut beneath ; spire subconoid ; whorls six to seven, flatly convex, obtusely keeled at the periphery; aperture subquadrately lunar, lip a little reflected, white and shining. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. ? A reversed species, densely sculptured throughout with arched raised stric, with a marked distinction between the colouring of the upper and lower halves of the shell. Species 1272. (Mus. Cuming.) Haexix roveata. Hel. testa sinistrali, angusté umbilicati, orbiculari, supra depresso-convera, et superficialiter corrugato-indentata, arcuatim striata et sub lente mi- nutissime granulatd, infra rotundata et laevigata ; ru- Jescente-castaned, subpellucida, circa umbilicum luteo- olivaced ; anfractibus quingue, ad peripheriam acute carinatis et albidis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro tenui, subrefleco. Tue pirrep Hexrx. Shell sinistral, narrowly umbili- cated, orbicular, depressly convex above, and super- ficially wrinkle-indented, arcuately striated, and be- neath the lens very minutely granuled, rounded and smooth beneath; reddish-chestnut, subtransparent, yellowish-olive round the umbilicus; whorls five, sharply keeled and whitish at the periphery ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip thin, slightly reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. India. A reversed species of rather thin texture, peculiarly characterized on the upper surface by numerous superficial corrugated indentations. Species 1273. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix procera. Jel. testd subprofundé umbilicata, con- vexo-orbiculari, solidiusculd, intens? castaned, undique minute granulata, spiraliter obsoleté sulcatd et inden- tata, ad peripheriam carinatd ; anfractibus quingue ; apertura trigono-subquadrata, labro calloso, reflexo, dentibus duobus parvis acutis oppositis, marginihus la- mind callosd junctis. Tue Tat, Hexrx. Shell somewhat deeply umbilicated, convexly orbicular, rather solid, dark chestnut, every- where minutely granulated, spirally obsoletely grooved and indented, keeled at the periphery; whorls five ; aperture triangularly subquadrate; lip callous, re- flected, with two small sharp opposite teeth, margins joined by a callous lamina. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Province of Antioquia, Ecuador; Schlim. A fine large species, allied to H. continua, having the same small tooth on the body-whorl, with one of similar form opposite to it on the lip. Species 1274. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetix Luauttiensis. el. testd imperforatd, globosd, solidd, ad aperturam oblique producta, intense brunned, June, 1854. HELIX.—Piatre CLXXXIV. oblique arcuato-striatd ; spird tumidd, apice obtusé ; anfractibus quinque, ad suturas obsoleted marginatis, ultimo carind parcd fere obsoletd cingulato ; apertura oblongo-quadrata, labro late reflexo, albo, margine basali late calloso, strictiusculo, subangulato. Tue Luguito Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, solid, obliquely produced at the aperture, dark brown, obliquely arcuately striated; spire swollen, obtuse at the apex; whorls five, obsoletely margined at the sutures, the last encircled with a single small, nearly obsolete keel; aperture oblong-quadrate, lip broadly reflected, white, basal margin broadly callous, drawn out, and slightly angled. SHurrLewortu, Mus. Cuming. Has. Luquillo, Island of Porto Rico, West Indies. A very characteristic species, of solid globose Pupa-like form. Species 1275. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix aBnormis. Hel. testd imperforatd, orbiculato- conoided, basi planulatd, solidd, castaneo-rufad, arcu- ato-striata et granulatd ; spird elevatd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, plano-convexis ; apertura subquadrato-lunari, horizontali, labro expanso, mar- gine basali calloso-refleco, dente unico acuto. THe aBNoRMAL Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly conoid, flat at the base, solid, chestnut-red, arcuately striated and granuled; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls five to six, flatly convex ; aperture subquadrately lunar, horizontal, lip expanded, basal margin callously reflected, with a small sharp tooth. PreirFeR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Jamaica. A somewhat doubtful ill-conditioned specimen. Species 1276. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX PRESTANS. Hel. testd imperforata, orbiculari-con- vexd, tumidiusculd, obliqué tenuistriatd, nitente, spa- diced, castaneo supra strigato-marmorata, infra inter- rupte conatd ; spird obtus? converd ; anfractibus qua- tuor, convexis ; apertura laté lunari, labro reflero, livido. THE EXCELLING Heurx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly convex, rather tumid, obliquely finely striated, shin- ing, fawn-colour, mottled with chestnut above, inter- ruptedly zoned beneath ; spire obtusely convex ; whorls four, convex ; aperture broadly lunar, lip re- flected, livid. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Province of Ocana, Ecuador ; Schlim. A fine richly coloured species, belonging to the group of which H. pellis-serpentis is the typical species. Helix Pl. CLNXXY. ; HELIX. Puate CLXXXV. Species 1277. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Evusprra. Hel. testd latissime apert? umbilicata, discoided, sericeo-olivaced ; spird plano-depressd ; an- Sractibus quinque, subliliter dense corrugato-striatis, lineis spiralibus decussalis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro tenui, marginibus subapproximatis. THE PRETTY-sPIRED Hexrx. Shell very broadly openly umbilicated, discoid, silky olive; spire flatly de- pressed; whorls five, finely densely wrinkle-striated, decussated with spiral lines ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip thin, margins rather approximating. Prerirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Brazil. A silky-olive discoid shell, of nearly transparent sub- stance. Species 1278. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx saccata. el. testd sinistrali, vix umbilicata, al- bido-corned, pellucida, oblique arcuato-striald, striis numerosis spiralibus tenuicorrugatis conspicue decus- sata ; spird convexd ; anfractibus quingue, plano-con- vevis, ad peripheriam acute carinatd ; aperturd rotun- dato-lunari, subobliqud, labro simplici, marginibus sub- approximatis. Tue BacGep Hexrx. Shell sinistral, scarcely umbili- cated, whitish-horny, transparent, obliquely arcuately striated, conspicuously decussated with numerous finely wrinkled spiral striae; spire convex; whorls five, flatly convex, sharply keeled at the periphery ; aperture rotundately lunar, rather oblique, lip thin, margins rather approximated. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. India. A very characteristic transparent shell, closely decus- sated over the surface, and sharply pressed out into a keel at the periphery. Species 1279. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Caprranea. el. testa vir umbilicatd, convexo- orbiculari, polito-corned, nitente, substriatd, ad sutu- ram marginata ; anfractibus quinque, convexo-declivi- bus, ad peripheriam carinatis, ultimo supra carinam zonuld rufescente-fuscd cingulato ; apertura subsecurt- Sormi, labro simplict. Tur Caprary Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, con- vexly orbicular, polished-horny, shining, faintly stri- ated, marginated at the suture; whorls five, convexly slanting, keeled at the periphery, last whorl encircled with a red-brown zone above the keel; aperture some- what hatchet-shaped, lip thin. PrerrFer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Island of St. Christoval, Solomon’s Group; Captain Keppell. Of a peculiar polished horny substance, looking as if covered with a shiny cuticle. Species 1280. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix IsaBentina. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, subtus convexrd, pellucido-corned, lutescente- alba, nitente, oblique arcuatim striata, striis minutis- simis spiralibus decussata ; spird plano-converd ; an- Sractibus quinque, ad peripheriam acute carinatis ; apertura ovato-securiformi, labro simplici. Tue IsaBELLINE Heurx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, convex beneath, transparent horny, yellowish-white, shining, obliquely arcuately striated, decussated with very minute spiral strie ; spire flatly convex ; whorls five, sharply keeled at the periphery ; aperture ovately hatchet-shaped. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah, Ceylon; Thwaites. A delicate Carocolla-formed species, of a shining subme- tallic transparent texture, which becomes more solid and opake with age. Species 1281. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx purpurascens. Jel. testé imperforatd, depresso- conoided, solidiusculd, obliqué plicato-striata, undique minut? granulatd, purpurascente-castaned, fascié alba cingulatd ; spird obtusd; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo obtuse carinato ; aperturd lunari-oblongé, ho- rizontali, labro reflexo, saturate colorato, ad columel- lam calloso-diffuso. Tne purptisn Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly conoid, rather solid, obliquely plicately striated, every- where minutely granuled, purplish-chestnut, encircled with a white band; spire obtuse; whorls six, convex, June, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CLXXXV. the last obtusely keeled; aperture lunar-oblong, ho- rizontal, lip reflected, darker-coloured, callously dif- fused at the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah, Korea. A rather solid purplish-chestnut conoid species, encir- cled with a narrow white band at the periphery. Species 1282. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Premrrert. Hel. testd subumbilicatd, orbiculato- converd, solidd, levigatd, nitente, ad suturam submar- ginatd et tenuissime plicatd, livido-castaned, apice ful- vidd ; spird subelevatd; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis,. angustis, ultimo subtus subdepresso ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam calloso- reflexo. Prererer’s Heix. Shell slightly umbilicated, orbicularly convex, solid, smooth, shining, slightly margined and very finely plicated at the suture, livid chestnut, ful- yous at the apex ; spire rather raised ; whorls six to seven, convex, narrow, the last rather depressed be- neath; aperture rotundately lunar, lip simple, cal- lously reflected at the columella. Purtrert, Arch. fiir Nat. 1845, p. 62. Hah, China. A solid species, of a peculiarly shining livid hue. Species 1283. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Gratetourr. Hel. testd angustd umbilicatd, semi- globosd, superné regulariter et confertim striata, lineis spiralibus irregulariter decussatd, pallidé livido-cas- taned, obscure albifasciatd, subtus levigatd ; anfracti- bus sex, convexiusculis, ultimo basi subplanulato ; su- turd submarginatd ; apertura lunari, labro simplici, acuto, ad columellam reflexo. Gratetour’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, semi- globose, regularly and closely striated at the upper part, irregularly decussated with spiral lines, pale livid chestnut, obscurely white-banded, smooth beneath ; whorls six, rather convex, the last rather flattened at the base; suture slightly margined; aperture lunar, lip simple, sharp, reflected at the columella. Prerrrer, Symbole, vol. ii. p. 99. Helix rufescens, Grateloup. Hab, Madagascar ? Peculiarly tinged with livid chestnut-red about the upper surface of the whorls. Fig. 1284. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured comes from Dr. Pfeiffer as the type of H. Rivolii, and he proposes to name the shell al- ready figured in Plate LXXVIIL. Fig. 413, under that title, 17. erronea. The specific difference between them is slight, and, it may be, unimportant. In the preseut speci- men the aperture is more horizontal, and the lip more con- spicuously reflected, and there is a slight variation in the general contour of the shell. Species 1285. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Cuarpentiers. Tel. testa latissime aperté um- bilicatd, discoided, undique costato-striatd, solidiuscula, epidermide olivaceo-cornea nitente induld ; spird con- cavo-planaté ; anfractibus sex, angustis, rotundatis ; apertura subcirculari, horizontali, labro calloso-albé, latissime refleco, murginibus approximatis. CHarrentier’s Hexrx. Shell very broadly openly umbi- licated, discoid, rib-like striated throughout, rather solid, covered with a shining olive-horny epidermis ; spire concavely flattened; whorls six, narrow, rounded ; aperture nearly circular, horizontal, lip callous white, very broadly reflected, margins approximating. PrerFrFeR, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon ; ¥. Layard. Of the same peculiar type as HW. Rivolii, rounder and more regular in convolution, without any lamiuar ridge in the aperture. Species 1286. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix camprsina. el. testd umbilicatd, subgloboso-de- pressd, oblique striata, striis spiralibus decussata, gri- seo-albidd, fuscescente interrupte fasciatd et maculata ; spira brevi, oblust ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, obliqué producto, anticé subitd deflexo ; apertura lunato-circulari, laté expanso- refleco, marginibus callo approximatis. Tue Frrevp Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, subglobosely de- pressed, obliquely striated, decussated with spiral striee, greyish-white, interruptedly bandedand blotched with light brown; spire short, obtuse ; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last inflated, obliquely produced, suddenly deflected in front ; aperture lunar circular, broadly expandedly reflected, margins ap- proaching by a callosity. Ezaverra, Bronn. Cat. 1845. Hah. Spain. A greyish species, mottled with interrupted light brown bands, having the aperture obliquely produced and broadly expanded at the lip, with the margins nearly approximating. Helio:, Pl, CLXXXNT, @ HELIX. Pirate CLXXXVIL. Species 1287. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX LUTEO-cornEa. Tel. testa subampliter et pro- Sunde umbilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, luteo-corned, su- pra striis arcuatis et spiralibus decussatd, infra levi- gatd, nitente ; spird plano-convexd, suturd subimpres- sd; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; apertura lunato- circulari, labro simplici. THE YELLOW-HoRNY He.ix. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, depressly orbicular, yellowish- horny, decussated above with spiral and arched striw, smooth and shining below ; spire flatly convex, with the sutures rather impressed ; whorls five, rounded ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Navigators’ Islands. A rather solid yellowish-horny species, of Cyclostoma-like form, smooth and shining below, silky, decussated above. Species 1288. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX BuLLacea. Hel. testd subampliter et profunde umbilicatd, subdepresso-orbiculari, cinerascente-corned, supra costellis arcuatis striisque spiralibus decussatd, infra levigatd, nitente ; spird declivi-converd ; anfrac- tibus quatuor, convexis, ad peripheriam obsolete rotun- dato-carinatis ; aperturé lunato-circulari, labro sim- plici. THE BUBBLE-LIKE Hetrx. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, rather depressly orbicular, ash- horny, above decussated with fine arched ribs and spiral striae, below smooth and shining; spire slant- ingly convex; whorls four, convex, obsoletely rotun- dately keeled at the periphery ; aperture lunar-circu- lar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia; Strange. Very like the preceding, though well distinguished by the more slanting-convex form of the spire and its rib-like sculpture. Species 1289. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX DERMATINA. Hel. testa imperforatd, subconoided, semipellucido-corned, oblique subirregulariter plicato- striata, liris tenuibus spiralibus decussatd, sordide oli- vaced, zonulis duabus castaneis angustis, quarum infe- riore latiore cingulata; spird conicd; anfractibus quingue, inflatis, ultimo ad peripheriam carinato ; apertura fere circulari, subverticali, labro tenue re- Jlexo, castaneo-marginato. Tue teatner Hexrx. Shell imperforated, subconoid, semitransparent horny, obliquely somewhat irregu- larly plicately striated, decussated with thin spiral ridges, dull olive, encircled with two narrow chestnut zones, of which the lower is the broader; spire coni- cal; whorls five, inflated, the last keeled at the peri- phery ; aperture nearly circular, subvertical, lip thinly reflected, chestnut-edged. SuurrLewortu (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. A very characteristic subtransparent trochiform J7Zeliz, encircled with two thread-like zones, of which the lower is the broader. Fig. 1290. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, collected by Mr. Strange at Moreton Bay, Australia, appears to be identical with ZZ. Indica, described at Plate LXXXIIL. Fig. 448. ’ Species 1291. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ceraria. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, depresso-or- biculari, luteo-corned, supra striis pliciformibus arcua- tis sulcisque spiralibus decussata, infra nitente; an- Jractibus quatuor, plano-convexis, ultimo ad periphe- riam carinato ; apertura obliqué lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue waxy Heuix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, yellowish-horny, decussated with arched plait-like striae and spiral grooves, below shining ; whorls four, flatly convex, the last keeled at the peri- phery ; aperture obliquely lunar-circular, lip simple. Benson (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. Resembling H. /uteo-cornea and bullacea in general form and texture, but the shell is more inflated and the sculpture has a more wrinkled character. Species 1292. (Mus, Cuming.) Hexrx pouitissima. Hel. testé umbilicata, depresso-or- July, 1854. HELIX.—Puatre CLXXXVI. biculari, corned, subpellucidd, nitidissimé olivaced, ar- cuatim minute striata ; spird subdepressd, sutura dis- tinctd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis ; aperturd oblique lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue VERY POLISHED Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, horny, subtransparent, very shin- ing olive, arcuately minutely striated; spire subde- pressed, suture distinct ; whorls four to five, rounded ; aperture obliquely lunar-circular, lip simple. PrerrreER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. Of a very polished olive-horny texture, like a Vitrina. Species 1293. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix scepasma. Hel. testd ampliter et profundé umbi- licatd, depresso-orbiculari, crassiusculd, subpellucido- albd, undique tenue corrugato-striata ; spird depresso- conoided ; anfractibus septem, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo ad peripheriam carinato ; apertura subcirculari, leviter securiformi, labro late reflexo. Tue vert Hewrx. Shell largely and deeply umbilicated, depressly orbicular, rather thick, subtransparent white, everywhere finely wrinkle-striated; spire depressly conoid; whorls seven, increasing rapidly, the last keeled at the periphery; aperture nearly circular, slightly hatchet-shaped, lip broadly reflected. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. . Hab, ——? A white alabaster-like species, peculiarly finely wrinkle- striated throughout. Species 1294. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Novetta. Hel. testé vix umbilicatd, depresso-or- biculari, tenuiculd, olivaceo-corned, leviter plicato- striatd ; spird declivi-convexd, sutura subindistincta ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo ad periphe- riam carinato ; aperturd transversim lunari, labro sim- plici, ad umbilicum subreflexo. Tue TENDER Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, rather thin, olive-horny, faintly plicately striated; spire slantingly convex, suture rather indistinct; whorls five, rather flat, the last keeled at the periphery ; transversely lunar, lip simple, slightly reflected at the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. Of a slanting-conoid depressed form, with a minute umbilicus. Species 1295. (Mus, Cuming.) HELIX Lampra. Hel. testd subprofundé umbilicaté, orbi- culari, tenuiculd, corned, politissimd, supra rufo-cas- taned, subtiliter arcuatim costellato-striata, infra vi- rescente, levigata ; spird parcviusculd, depressd ; an- Sractibus quatuor, converis; aperturaé lunari-rotun- data, subampla, labro simplici. Tue Giirrertnc Hexrx. Shell rather deeply umbili- cated, orbicular, rather thin, horny, very polished, above reddish-chestnut, finely arcuately rib-like stri- ated, below greenish and smooth ; spire rather small ; whorls four, convex ; aperture lunar-rounded, rather large, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Launceston, Van Diemen’s Land; R. C. Gunn. A very shining firm horny shell, finely rib-like striated about the upper part, smooth beneath; collected by Mr. Ronald C. Gunn, F.R.S. Species 1296. (Mus. Cuming.) HeEiix stroncyiopes. Hel. testa latissime perspective umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, alba, rufo-fusco stri- gatd et maculata, undique oblique costellatad ; spire suturd multo impressd ; anfractibus sex, plano-rotun- datis, ultimo anticé descendente ; apertura circulari, parviusculd, labro simplici, marginibus approximatis. Tne rounp Herx. Shell very broadly perspectively umbilicated, depressly orbicular, white, streaked and spotted with red-brown, obliquely finely ribbed throughout; suture of the spire much impressed ; whorls six, flatly rounded, the last descending in front; aperture circular, rather small, lip simple, margins approximating. Preirrer, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, Texas. A shell of somewhat discoid growth, with a peculiarly impressly sutured spire, obliquely finely ribbed, white, streaked and spotted with red-brown, Melia, PCL NXXVII HELIX. Pirate CLXXXVII. Species 1297. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX HYPHASMA. Tiel. testa vir umbilicatd, acut2 co- nicd, basi conver, semipellucido-albd, subcorned, striis oblique arcuatis et spiralibus decussatd ; spird elevata; anfractibus sex, concavo-planis, ultimo ad peripheriam acutissimé carinato ; apertura securiformi, labro sim- plici, ad umbilicum breviter reflexo. THe wes Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sharply conical, convex at the base, semipellucid-white, rather horny, decussated with obliquely arched and spiral strie ; spire raised; whorls six, concavely flattened, the last very sharply keeled at the periphery; aper- ture hatchet-shaped, lip simple, shortly reflected at the umbilicus. PrerFrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, Ceylon; Thwaites. A subtransparent horny-white concavely conoid species, swollen and convex at the base, and scarcely umbilicated. Species 1298. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Evcnaris. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, subgloboso- conoided, tenui, pellucido-albd, lutescente, superné mi- nuté granoso-decussald, infra levigatd ; spird subob- tusé conoided ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo acute carinato, basi convexo; aperturd subampla, lunato- subtrigond, obliqud, labro simplici, acuto. Tue GRaceruL Hewrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sub- globosely conoid, thin, pellucid-white, yellowish, mi- nutely granosely decussated at the upper part, smooth beneath; spire rather obtusely conoid; whorls six, convex, last whorl sharply keeled, convex at the base; aperture rather large, lunar-subtriangular, oblique, lip simple, sharp. Desuayes, Férussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 64 A. f. 7, 8. Hab. Solomon’s Island. Somewhat like the preceding, but more globose, with the whorls convex instead of concave. Species 1299. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx veLutina. Hel. testé anguste umbilicatd, sub- globoso-discoided, minutissime striata, epidermide lu- tescente velutind indutd; spire suturd canaliculata ; anfractibus quingue, angustis, rotundatis, ultimo infra excavato ; aperturd lunari, labro simplici. Tue veLtvety Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, sub- globosely discoid, very minutely striated, covered with a yellow velvety epidermis; suture of the spire channelled; whorls five, narrow, rounded, the last excavated beneath ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. viii. p.63. Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. A swollen species, of a somewhat discoid growth, co- vered with a fine yellowish velvety epidermis. Species 1300. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx savamosa. Hel. testa obtect2 umbilicata, globoso- depressa, ad peripheriam carinatd, transcersim longi- tudinaliterque striata, luteo-fulcd, fusco irregulariter maculata, carinatd, carina squamosa ; anfractibus quin- que ; aperturd oblique lunari, labro reflexo, rubescente. Tuer scaty Herx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, glo- bosely depressed, keeled at the periphery, transversely and longitudinally striated, yellowish-fulvous, irregu- larly spotted with brown, keeled, keel scaly; whorls five; aperture obliquely lunar, lip reflected, reddish. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 41. f. 3. Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. A very characteristic brown-spotted shell, with the lip red-tinged. Species 1301. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx supancutata. Hel. testa profundé umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, obsolet® plicato-striata, corneo- lutescente, fascia castaned supra et duabus infra cin- guiatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, superné de- clivi-angulatis, obtus? carinatis ; apertura lunato-cir- culari, labro simplici. Tue suicutty aNGLED Hewix. Shell deeply umbili- cated, rather depressly orbicular, above obsoletely pli- cately striated, horny-yellow, encircled with a single chestnut band above and two below; whorls four to five, slantingly angled at the upper part, obtusely keeled ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land; Ronald C. Gunn. A simple yellowish-horny species, encircled with three chestnut bands, one above the periphery and two below it. July, 1854. HELIX.—Ptiate CLXXXVIL. Species 1302. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx supopaca. Hel. testd vir umbilicata, orbiculari, opaco-lutescente, nitente, undique arcuatim costato- striata, infra politissimd ; spire suturé subcanalicu- laté ; anfractibus sex, converis ; apertura oblique lu- nari, labro simplici. Tue supopake Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, or- bicular, opake-yellow, shining, arcuately rib-striated throughout, very polished beneath; suture of the spire slightly channelled; whorls six, convex; aper- ture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. ti A very shining opake-yellow shell, strongly rib-striated throughout. Species 1303. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix NavicatoruM. Hel. testd subampliter profunde umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, lenticulari, irregulari- ter plicato-striatd, castaneo-fuscd, nitente ; spird ob- tusd ; anfractibus quingue, plano-declivibus, ad sutu- ras filo-marginatis, ultimo ad peripheriam filo-cari- nato ; apertura subsecuriformi, labro simplici. Tue Navicators’ Heurx. Shell rather largely deeply umbilicated, depressly orbicular, lens-shaped, irregu- larly plicately striated, shining chestnut-brown ; spire obtuse; whorls five, flatly slanting, thread-margined at the sutures, last whorl thread-keeled at the peri- phery ; aperture subhatchet-shaped, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Navigators’ Islands. Chiefly distinguished by a thread-like keel, which leaves an edge on the whorls of the spire immediately below the suture. Species 1304. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx mansvurta. Hel. testd subprofund2 wmbilicatéd, orbiculari, tumidiusculd, rufescente-fulvd, sub lente minutissime granulatd, obsolete plicato-striatd ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, plano-convezis, ultimo obtuse carinato, circa umbilicum pallid2 fas- ciaté ; apertura subquadrato-lunari, labro reflexo, ex- panso. Tae mitp Hewrx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, or- bicular, rather swollen, reddish-fulvous, beneath the lens very minutely granulated, obsoletely plicately striated ; spire obtuse ; whorls five to six, flatly con- vex, the last obtusely keeled, faintly banded round the umbilicus ; aperture somewhat squarely lunar, lip reflected, expanded. Prerrrer, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Moreton Bay ; Strange. A fulvous ruddy-tinged species, with a rather broadly reflected lip, very minutely granulated throughout. Species 1305. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix Keprerur. Hel. testa imperforatd, depresso-orbi- culari, tenui, pellucido-corned, viridescente, nitente ; anfractibus quingue, converiusculis, obsolet2 striatis, ultimo obtus® carinato; apertura latd lunari, labro simplici. Keppet’s Hexrx. Shell imperforated, depressly orbicu- lar, thin, transparent horny, greenish, shining ; whorls five, rather convex, obsoletely striated, last whorl ob- tusely keeled; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Had. Island of St. Christoval, Solomon’s Group; Hon. Capt. Keppell. A very thin transparent highly polished greenish-horny shell. Species 1306. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX URNULA. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, naticoided, inflata, tenui, corneo-cuticulari, obligué corrugata, ni- gro-olivaced ; spirad parca; anfractibus tribus, con- veris, ultimo perinflato; apertura quadrato-lunari, labro paululum reflexo. THE LITTLE PitcHEeR Hewtx. Shell scarcely umbilica- ted, naticoid, inflated, thin, horny-cuticular, obliquely wrinkled, blackish-olive; spire small; whorls three, convex, the last much inflated; aperture squarely lunar, lip a little reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. New Zealand. An inflated Natica-shaped species, of a peculiar dark olive-horny texture, cuticular and wrinkled. Helix, Pl. CLXX XVII. (308 HELIX. Puate CLXXXVIIL. Species 1307. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix Zeveport. Hel. testd subanguste umbilicatd, or- biculari, irregulariter subplicato-striatd, cerulescente- alba, zonulis duabus purpurascente-fuscis cingulata ; anfractibus quinque, superne planis, deinde rotundatis ; apertura fere circulari, labro subexpanso, marginibus approximatis. Zevepore’s Hexix. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, orbicular, irregularly subplicately striated, bluish- white, encircled with two purple-brown zones; whorls five, flat at the upper part, then rounded ; aperture almost circular, lip rather expanded, margins approxi- mating. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1853. p. 186. Hab. Servia. A simple blue-white shell, encircled with two narrow purple-brown zones, one above the periphery, aud the other immediately below it. Species 1308. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Marmatensis. Hel. testd subprofundé umbilicata, globoso-discoided, tenui, sub lente minutissime granu- lata, opaco-albidd, maculis parvis rufis quadratis nitide seriatim tessellatd; spird planatd, suturd canaliculato- impressd ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro tenui, pau- lulum expanso. Tue Marmatro Herrx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, globosely discoid, thin, beneath the lens very mi- nutely granulated, opake white, neatly tessellated with rows of small red square spots; spire flattened, suture impressly channelled ; aperture lunar-circular, lip thin, a little expanded. PreirFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Marmato, New Granada. A thin subdiscoid shell, neatly tessellated about the upper part with rows of small red spots. Species 1309. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix REcEDENS. Hel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, arcuatin costellato-striata, lutescente-alba, filo fuscescente ad peripheriam cingulatd ; spird obtuse de- pressd ; anfractibus sex, plano-compressis, deinde an- gulato-carinatis, ultimo antice peculiariter deflexo ; apertura parvd, transverse ovata, labro simplici, sub- incrassato. Tue netreinc Hexrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, arcuately rib-like striated, yellow- ish-white, encircled at the periphery with a light brown thread ; spire obtusely depressed ; whorls six, flatly compressed, angularly keeled, last whorl peculiarly deflected in front ; aperture small, transversely ovate, lip simple, rather thick. oa Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. ? A compact closely convoluted species, of a yellowish- white tint, encircled at the periphery with a thread of light brown. Species 1310. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx scytopes. Hel. testd subampliter et profunde umbilicatd, conoideo-depressd, tenui, corned, obsolete striata, pallidé ustulato-fuscescente, versus apicem li- vescente ; anfractibus sex, subplanatis, angustis, ultimo carinato ; apertura pared, subtransverse lunari, labro paululum expanso. Tue TANNED Hexix. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, conoidly depressed, thin, horny, obso- letely striated, pale burnt brown, livid towards the apex ; whorls six, rather flat, narrow, the last keeled ; aperture small, somewhat transversely lunar, lip a little expanded. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 185+. Hab. Solomon's Island. A thin horny shell, of a Solarium-\ike form, clad in a delicate burnt-brown epidermis. Species 1311. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix partita. {Zel. testd umbilicaté, orbiculari, oli- vaceo-corned, nitente, supra tenuicostaté, infra lavi- gata ; spird brevi, suturd impressa ; anfractibus quin- que, rotundatis ; apertura transcers® lunari, labro sim- plict. Tue pivipep Heurx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, orbi- cular, olive-horny, shining, finely ribbed above, smooth beneath; spire short, suture impressed ; whorls five, rounded; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple. Hab. Ceylon ; F. Layard. Distinguished by its impressed suture and ribbed spire- sculpture. : July, 1854. HELIX.—Piare CLXXXVIIL. Species 1312. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix piapHana. Hel. testd imperforatd, semiglobosd, tenui, sublevigatd, nitente, fulvido-corned, pellucida ; spird oblusd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ul- timo circa columellam excavato; columella profundeé intrante, concave calloso-dilatatd ; apertura lunato- ovali, labro simplici. Tue piapHaNous Hetrx. Shell imperforated, semiglo- bose, thin, nearly smooth, shining, fulvous horny, transparent; spire obtuse; whorls four, rather con- vex, the last excavated round the columella ; columella entering deeply, concavely callously dilated ; aperture lunar-oval, lip simple. Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vili. p. 62. Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Blauner. Chiefly characterized by the concave callously dilated structure of the columella. Species 1313. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Moretonensis. el. testd vix umbilicata, sub- globoso-conoided, olivaceo-corned, infra lutescente, sub- pellucida, superné arcuatim plicato-striatd, lineis im- pressis spiralibus decussatd ; spiré convexo-planata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, ultimo carinato ; apertura laté lunari, labro simplici. Tue Moreton HeEtrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, some- what globosely conoid, olive-horny, yellowish beneath, arcuately plicately striated at the upper part, decus- sated with impressed spiral lines; spire convexly flattened ; whorls five to six, the last keeled; aper- ture broadly lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia; Strange. An olive-horny species, of simple structure, scarcely umbilicated. Species 1314, (Mus. Cuming.) Heux pompycina, el. testd sublat2 perspective umbi- licatd, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, oblique dense costellato-striatd, corned, nigricante-viridi, vittis rufis interruptis nitide tessellatim cingulatd ; spiré plano- depress ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo rotun- dato; aperturé circulari, labro simplici, marginibus approximatis. THe BoMBASINE Herrx. Shell rather broadly perspec- tively umbilicated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, obliquely densely rib-like striated, horny, blackish- green, neatly tessellately encircled with interrupted red fillets ; whorls three to four, the last rounded ; aperture circular, lip simple, margins approximated. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land; Ronald C. Gunn. A neatly-marked characteristic species, of silky aspect, though of thin hard horny texture. Species 1315. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX concavo-sprra. Jel. testd minutissim2 umbili- cald, acute conoided, basi converd, pellucido-albida, supra dens? costellato-striatd et decussalim granulata, infra levigatd et tumido-concerd ; spird erecta, ad latus subconcavd ; anfractibus sex, ad suturas minute Jfilo-marginatis, superné convexis, deinde concavis, ul- timo ad peripheriam acute filo-carinato ; apertura se- curiformi, labro simplici. THE HOLLOW-sPIRED Hewrx. Shell very minutely um- bilicated, sharply conoid, convex at the base, trans- parent whitish, densely rib-striated and decussately granulated above, smooth and tumidly convex be- neath; spire erect, subconcave at the side; whorls six, minutely thread-margined at the sutures, convex at the upper part, then concave, the last sharply thread-keeled at the periphery; aperture hatchet- shaped, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. A deiicate pagoda-like shell, closely allied to H. hy- phasma from the same locality, of trausparent-whitish tex- ture, minutely granulately rib-striated, and made concave next the periphery by a sharp subreflected keel. Species 1316. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SEMICONVEXA. Jel. testa sublate umbilicata, de- presso-orbiculari, castaneo-corned, zonula castaned cin- gulatd, eximié corrugato-striatd, versus apicem lives- cente ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, plano-convezis, ad suturas tenuimarginatis, ultimo ad peripheriam filo- carinato ; apertura transverse lunari, labro simplici. THE seMICcONVEX Hewix. Shell rather broadly umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, chestnut-horny, encircled with a chestnut zone, faintly wrinkle-striated, rather livid towards the apex; whorls four to five, flatly convex, finely margined at the suture, the last thread- keeled at the periphery ; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, Solomon's Island. A subtransparent chestnut-brown shell, encircled with a fine thread-like keel at the suture of each whorl. 1523 Helix. Ft. CLNXXIX. e HELIX. Piate CLXXXIX. Species 1317. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix GuaBerrima. Hel. testd subprofundd umbilicata, orbiculari-depressd, lutescente-corned, politissimd, ni- tente ; spird plano-convexd ; anfractibus quinque, sub- angustis, concexis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici. THe very sMootH Hettx. Shell rather deeply umbi- licated, orbicularly depressed, yellowish-horny, very polished, shining; spire flatly convex; whorls five, rather narrow, convex; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. PretrFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Solomon’s Island. A very shining yellowish-horny species, rather deeply umbilicated. Species 1318. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX MEMBRANICOSTA. Hel. testd subprofunde umbili- catd, subgloboso-conicd, corned, epidermide tenui fusca indutd, obscure costellato-striatd ; spird subelecata ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo an- gulato-carinato ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. THE MEMBRANE-RIBBED Hettx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, subglobosely conical, horny, covered with a thin brown epidermis, obscurely rib-like stri- ated; spire rather raised ; suture impressed ; whorls six, convex, the last angularly keeled ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1825. Hab. Solomon's Island. A light globosely conoid shell, covered with a thin brown membranous epidermis. a+] Species 1319. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx crrcumrirmata. Hel. testd subprofunde umbili- catd, conoided, arcuatim striatd, lutescente-corned, maculis rufis parvis numerosis tessellatd ; spird sub- obtusd ; anfractibus septem, angustis, convexis ; aper- turd parviusculd, lunari, labro simplici. Tne cLose-Bpounp Hexrx. Shell rather deeply umbi- licated, conoid, arcuately striated, yellowish-horny, tessellated with numerous small red spots; spire rather obtuse; whorls seven, narrow, convex; aper- ture rather small, lunar, lip simple. Reprreid, Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York. Hab, Bermuda. A closely convoluted conoid horny shell, densely tessel- lated about the spire with small red spots. Species 1320. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix #£NEA. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicatd, subglobosd, tenui, inflata, confertissime minul2 costellato-striata, fusco-corned, subdiaphand ; spird pared ; suturd im- pressd ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convexis ; aper- turd subampld, obliqué lunari, labro simplici, ad um- bilicum breviter dilatato. Tue BrazeN Hewix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, sub- globose, thin, inflated, very closely minutely rib- striated, brown-horny, subdiaphanous; spire small ; suture impressed; whorls four, flatly convex; aper- ture rather large, obliquely lunar, lip simple, shortly dilated at the umbilicus. Krauss, Moll. Siidafric. p. 75. pl. 4. f. 18. Hab. Natal, South Africa; Plant. A light inflated shell, of only four whorls, of which the outer surface is unusually minutely rib-striated. Species 1321. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Newcomai. Hel. testa minute umbilicata, oblique turbinatd, depressd, pellucido-corned, tenuissimd, ar- cuatim striata, ad suturas radiatim plicatad; spird pared ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo inflato ; apertura subampla, fere circulari, labro simplici. Newcomse’s Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, ob- liquely turbinated, depressed, transparent horny, very thin, arcuately striated, radiately plicated at the sutures; spire small; whorls three to four, the last inflated; aperture rather large, nearly circular, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands ; Newcombe. A very delicate Vitrina-like shell, composed of scarcely more than three whorls. Species 1322. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx raprarta. Hel. testd minute obtecté umbilicata, globoso-conoided, tenuiculd, oblique striata, griseo- alld, maculis nigricante-fuscis perpaucia radiata ; July, 1854. HELIX.—Puiare CLXXXIX. spird subobtusd ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quin- que, declivi-rotundatis ; apertura obliqué lunari, labro simplici, versus columellam subcalloso, Tue rayep Hewrx. Shell with a minute covered umbi- licus, globosely conoid, rather thin, obliquely striated, greyish-white, rayed with a few black-brown blotches ; spire rather obtuse; suture impressed ; whorls five, slantingly rounded; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple, rather callous towards the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Solomon’s Island. A rather firm, grey, tessellated, obtusely conic shell. Species 1323. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx gvctasta. Hel. testa angust2 umbilicata, orbicu- lari, fusco-corned, dens® costellato-striata ; spird con- vera ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que; apertura transversim lunari, labro simplici, ad umbilicum sublate dilatatd. THE NEATLY RIBBED Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbili- eated, orbicular, brown-horny, densely rib-like stri- ated ; spire convex; suture impressed; whorls four to five; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple, rather broadly dilated at the umbilicus. Suurrtewortu (Mus. Cuming). Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Blauner. A simple brown-horny species, densely rib-like striated throughout. Species 1324. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix suprusca. Hel. testdé vir umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, subinflatd, aurantio-fuscd, laevigata, nitente ; spird obtuse? planata ; suturd indistinctd, leviter mar- ginaté ; anfractibus quatuor, viz convexis, celeriter accrescentibus ; apertura late lunari, subobliqua, labro simplici, ad umbilicum breviter dilatato. Tue BrownisH Hex. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, rather inflated, orange-brown, smooth, shining; spire obtusely flattened; suture indistinct, slightly margined ; whorls four, scarcely convex, in- creasing quickly; aperture broadly lunar, rather ob- lique, lip simple, shortly dilated at the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 109. Hab. Sorsogon, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A light orange-horny transparent shell, partaking of the characters of Vitrina. Species 1325. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Pranti. Hel. testa anguste umbilicatd, depresso- globosd, sordidé olivaceo-corned, epidermide subpilosé, oblique tenuistriatd ; spird depressd, apice subacuta ; anfractibus quinque, plano-convexis, ultimo obtuse ca- rinato ; apertura transverse lunari, labro simplici, ad umbilicum breviter late dilatato. Puant’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, dirty olive-horny, with a subpilose epidermis, obliquely finely striated ; spire depressed, apex rather sharp; whorls five, flatly convex, the last obtusely keeled ; aperture trausversely lunar, lip simple, shortly broadly dilated at the umbilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Cape Natal, South Africa. A dull horny shell, with a slightly hairy epidermis. Species 1326. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLIx suBcoNoIpDEA. Hel. testa viz umbilicatd, de- presso-orbiculari, tenui, pellucido-corned, nitente, su- pra densé plicato-costellata, infra leviore ; spird sub- conoided ; anfractibus quinque, superné planiusculis, deinde obtusé angulatis ; apertura obliqué lunari, labro simplici. Tue susconoip Hetrx. Shell umbilicated, depressly orbicular, thin, transparent horny, shining, densely plicately fine-ribbed above, smoother below; spire subconoid ; whorls five, rather flat at the upper part, then obtusely angled; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, ——? A bright olive-horny shell, of almost glassy texture, densely fine-ribbed on the spire, obtusely angled at the periphery. Helix, Pl. CX( HELIX. Puiate CXC. Species 1327. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX VERRUCULA. Jel. testd vir umbilicatd, depresso- conoided, pellucido-vitred, nitente-olivaced, supernd confertim tenuissime costulato-striatd, striis sulcis spi- ralibus decussutis, medio acute carinatd, infra carinam impressd, levigatd; spird brevi, acutd ; anfractibus quatuor, declivibus ; apertura subsecuriformi, labro simplici. Tue warty Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly conoid, transparent glassy, shining olive, closely very finely rib-like striated at the upper part, stria decus- sated with spiral grooves, sharply keeled in the mid- dle, beneath the keel impressed, smooth ; spire short, sharp; whorls four, slanting; aperture somewhat hatchet-shaped, lip simple. PreIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Ceylon; Thwaites. A small transparent bronze-like glassy species, having the spiral half of the shell curiously sculptured with raised strie, cut, as it were, by decussating grooves into minute warts. Species 1328. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevx Betcneri. Hel. testd late profundée umbilicatéa, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, virescente-corned, su- pra arcuatim costulato-striatd, infra levigatd, nitente ; spird obtuse convexd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis ; apertura subcirculari, labro simplici. Beicuer’s Herrx. Shell broadly deeply umbilicated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, greenish-horny, ar- cuately rib-like striated above, smooth and shining below; spire obtusely convex ; whorls four to five, convex ; aperture nearly circular, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. 4/5 Hab. ? A greenish-horny shell, arcuately rib-like striated on the spiral surface, smooth below, found among the stores remaining from the specimens collected during the voyage of the Sulphur. Locality not preserved. Species 1329. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Honpana. Hel. testa late perspective umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, corned, obscure ru- goso-striatd ; spird plano-convera ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, lent2 accrescentibus, circa umbilicum ob- tuse angulatis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro acuto. Tue Honpa Hexrx. Shell broadly perspectively umbi- licated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, horny, ob- scurely roughly striated; spire flatly convex ; whorls five to six, increasing slowly, obtusely angled round the umbilicus ; aperture lunar-circular, lip sharp. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Wonda, New Granada; Bland. Of more discoid growth than the preceding species, not rib-striated, with a more widely open perspective um- bilicus. Species 1330. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Musticoxa. Tel. testé minute profunde umbilicata, depresso-conoided, tenuissimd, olivaceo-brunned, arcu- atim plicato-striatd ; spird subobtusd; sutura im- pressd; anfractibus quatuor, convexo-declivibus, ul- timo subinflato ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro sim- plici. Tue Mysra Hewix. Shell minutely deeply umbilicated, depressly conoid, very thin, olive-brown, arcuately plicately striated ; spire rather obtuse; suture im- pressed; whorls four, convexly slanting, the last a little inflated ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. Suourrtewortu, MS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab. Luquillo, Porto Rico; Blauner. A very light subinflated olive-brown shell, rudely pli- cately striated throughout. Species 1331. (Mus, Cuming.) Hexrx rapiuscuna. Hel. testd profundé perspective wn- bilicatd, plano-depressd, lentiformi, corned, arcuato- striaté, carind filiformi ad peripheriam cingulata ; anfractibus quinque, plano-concexis ; apertura securt- Sormi, labro simplici. Tur PINELY-RAYED Hewix. Shell deeply perspectively umbilicated, flatly depressed, lens-shaped, horny, ar- cuately striated, encircled at the peripbery with a thread-like keel ; whorls five, flatly convex ; aperture hatchet-shaped, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, ? August, 1854. HELIX.—Ptare CXC. Another small horny species from the remaining stores of the voyage of the Sulphur. Species 1832. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Tuomasr. Hel. testd laté perspective umbilicatd, depresso-pland, subdiscoided, pellucido-vitred, pallide olivaced, obsolete arcuato-striata ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, lent2 accrescentibus, ultimo rotundato ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro acuto. Tuomas’s Hexix. Shell broadly perspectively umbili- eated, depressly flattened, subdiscoid, transparent glassy, pale olive, obsoletely arcuately striated ; whorls four to five, increasing slowly, the last rounded ; aperture lunar-circular, lip sharp. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Marmata, New Granada; Bland. A simple olive-glassy discoid shell, obsoletely striated and rather largely umbilicated. Species 1333. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Heuix nematorHora. Jel. testd obtecté umbilicatd, glo- boso-discoided, undique dens? filo-striatd, subcorned, rufo nitide strigatd et tessellaté ; spird obtuse planata; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ultimo tumidiusculo ; apertura laté lunari, labro simplici, ad umbilicum in laminam dilatatam appresso. THE THREADED Hetix. Shell with a deeply covered umbilicus, globosely discoid, densely thread-striated throughout, subhorny, neatly streaked and_tessel- lated with red; spire obtusely flattened; whorls four to five, the last rather swollen ; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple, appressed at the umbilicus into a dilated lamina. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Solomon’s Island. An interesting species, of a new and peculiar type of form. Species 1334. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix puteotus. Hel. testd latd profund2 umbilicata, depresso-discoided, virescente-corned, radiatim striolata, ad peripheriam eximi2 bicarinatd ; spird obtuse pla- naté ; anfractibus sex, superné angulatis, infra con- vexo-declivibus ; apertura compresso-lunari, labro acuto. THE LITTLE WELL Hexrx. Shell broadly deeply umbili- cated, depressly discoid, greenish-horny, radiately striated, delicately two-keeled at the periphery ; spire obtusely flattened ; whorls six, angled at the upper part, convexly slanting beneath; aperture compressly lunar, lip sharp. Benson, MS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab, Ceylon; Cuming. Characterized by a fine double keel which runs through- out the spire, and a broad well-like umbilicus. Species 1335. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx umbprina. Hel. testd viz umbilicata, depresso- orbiculari, fusco-vitred, levigata, polita ; anfractibus quatuor, plano-convexis, ad suturam submarginatis ; apertura laté lunari, labro simplici. Tue sHapy Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, brown, glassy, smooth, polished; whorls four, flatly convex, faintly margined at the suture; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. A red-brown transparent glassy shell, smooth and shi- ning throughout. Helix, PL. CAC, HELIX. Puate CXCIL. {Shells considerably magnified. ] Species 1336. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Trwarresit. el. testa subprofunde umbilicati, orbiculari-depressd, subdiscoided, pellucido-vitred, lu- tescente ; spire suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinque, angustis, convexis, lentd accrescentibus, infern2 con- tractis ; apertura verticali-lunari, subangustd, labro simplict. Tuwarres’s Hexrx. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, or- bicularly depressed, somewhat discoid, transparent glassy, yellowish ; sutures of the spire impressed ; whorls five, narrow, convex, increasing slowly, con- tracted at the lower part; aperture vertically lunar, rather narrow, lip simple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. An interesting little glassy shell, of somewhat discoid growth. Species 1337. (Mus. Cuming.) Heiix mepiocris. Hel. testé angusté umbilicatd, orbi- culari-planatéa, discoided, ad peripheriam tumidd, tenui, corned, pallidé luted; spire suturis impressis ; an- Sractibus tribus ad quatuor ; apertura transverse ovata, labro simpliet. THE MIDDLING Hetix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, or- bicularly flattened, discoid, swollen at the periphery, thin, horny, pale yellow; sutures of the spire im- pressed; whorls three to four; aperture transversely ovate, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Santa Anna, New Granada; Bland. A flatly convoluted pale yellow-horny shell, of some- what Nautiloid growth, the body-whorl being more than usually immersed within the porch of the aperture. Species 1338. (Mus. Cuming.) HeEix amMMonoceras. Tel. testé latissimé aperté umbi- licatd, discoided, pellucido-vitred, lutescente ; spird parva, concavd ; anfractibus tribus, ullimo transverse tumido ; apertura transverse ovali, labro simplici. THE AMMON-HORN Jlexrx. Shell very broadly openly umbilicated, discoid, transparent glassy, yellowish ; spire small, concave; whorls three, last transversely swollen ; aperture transversely oval, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Santa Anna, New Granada; Bland. Of still more Nautiloid growth than the preceding, from the same locality, the spire being pressed concavely in. Species 1339. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetx MoNoNEMA. Jel. testa subobtecté umbilicatd, glo- boso-pyramidali, corneo-alba, subopaca ; spird elevata ; anfractibus septem ad octo, concexis, obscure plicato- striatis, carind tenui filiformi ad peripheriam cingu- latis ; apertura transverse lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam reflexo. THE oNneE-tHREAD Hewrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, globosely pyramidal, horny-white, rather opake; spire raised; whorls seven to eight, convex, obscurely plicately striated, encircled at the periphery with a fine thread-like keel; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple, reflected at the columella. Benson, MS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hab, Ceylon. Chiefly distinguished by a very minute thread-like keel encircling the periphery. Species 1340. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Quirensis. Jel. testd vix umbilicata, globoso- - conoided, pellucido-vilred, levigatéd ; spird converd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplict, ad columellam reflezo. Tue Quito Herx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, globosely conoid, transparent glassy, smooth; spire convex ; whorls four to five, rounded ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple, a little reflected at the columella. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, Quito. A little glassy species, of simple conoid structure, scarcely umbilicated. Species 1341. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Prrrteana. Hel. testa globoso-pyramidali, pel- August, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CXCI. lucido-vitred, oblique minute plicato-striaté ; spird subobluse elevatd ; anfractibus septem ad octo, angustis, convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam eximié angulato ; aper- turd transverse lunari, labro tenui, versus columellam paululum reflexo, dentibus parvis duobus internis. Pirrie’s Hexrx. Shell globosely pyramidal, transparent glassy, obliquely minutely plicately striated; spire rather obtusely raised; whorls seven to eight, nar- row, convex, the last delicately angled at the peri- phery; aperture transversely lunar, lip thin, a little reflected towards the columella, with two small in- ternal teeth. Prererer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hat. Walaghat, Koondah Mountains, near Calicut, India; Pirrie. Allied to H. mononema, with two delicate small teeth in the aperture. Species 1342. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix contermina. Hel. testé angusté umbilicatd, co- nico-globosd, pupaformi, subpellucido-corned, albidd, oblique densé costellato-striata ; spird obtuse elevala ; anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis, ultimo basi con- veviusculo ; apertura obliqué lunari, labro late reflexo, intus sublabiato, THE CLOSE-wHoRLED Hexix. Shell narrowly umbili- cated, conically globose, pupa-shaped, subtransparent horny, whitish, obliquely densely rib-like striated ; spire obtusely raised; whorls six to seven, convex, the last rather convex at the base; aperture obliquely lunar, lip broadly reflected, slightly edged within. SuurrtewortH, MS. (Mus. Cuming.) /5'/4 Hab, ——? A small subtransparent-white shell, partaking of the characters of Streptaris and Pupa. Species 1343. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix cyenea. Hel. testa late aperté umbilicata, depresso- orbiculari, subdiscoided, castaneo-corned, oblique dense costato-striatd ; spird impressd, sulurd subprofunda ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis ; apertura lunato-circu- lari, labro tenui, vir reflexo. THE SWAN-LIKE Hexrx. Shell broadly openly umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, chestnut-horny, obliquely densely rib-like striated; spire impressed, with the suture rather deep; whorls four, convex ; aperture lunar-circular, lip thin, scarcely reflected. Benson, MS. (Mus. Cuming.) Hah. Freemantle, Swan River, Australia. A very characteristic circular shell, of a chestnut-horny substance, densely rib-like striated throughout. Species 1344, (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX SanTANNAENSIS. Hel. testd laté apert2 umbili- cata, orbiculari-depressa, pellucido-corned, lutescente, oblique leviter striata ; spird planulatd ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis; apertura circulari, labro sim- plici. Tue Santa Anna Hexrx. Shell broadly openly umbi- licated, orbicularly depressed, transparent horny, yel- lowish, obliquely lightly striated; spire flattened ; whorls five, rounded ; aperture circular, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Santa Anna, New Granada. A small yellowish glassy shell, of rapid convolution, largely umbilicated. Species 1345. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Opnenia. Hel. testa subangusté umbilicata, or- hbiculari, subdepressd, fulvo-corned, flammis parvis ru- bro-fuscis pallidé notatd ; spird planulata ; anfracti- bus quatuor, convexis, ad peripheriam obsolete obtusé carinatis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici, ad columellam paulo dilatato. Tue Opnetta Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly umbili- cated, orbicular, subdepressed, fulvous-horny, faintly marked with small red-brown flames ; spire flattened ; whorls four, convex, obsoletely obtusely keeled at the periphery ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple, a little dilated at the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Australia. A rather dull horny shell, marked about the spire with faint reddish-brown flames. Helix , ft. CXCH HELIX. Pirate CXCIL. Species 1346. (Mus. Griiner.) Heuix Eucnroes. Jel. testa obtect? umbilicata, pyra- midali-conicd, levigatd, vel tenuissime oblique striata, ustulato-aurantid, zonis duabus castaneis cingulatd, quarum superiore dilutd, fascidque opaco-albé juxta suturam ; spird pyramidali-elevatd ; anfractibus sep- tem, convexo-planis, ultimo antice subdescendente ; apertura transversé ovata, horizontali, oblique produc- ta; labro late expanso-reflexo, violascente tincto, ad co- lumellam calloso-dilatato, umbilicum partim tegente. THe HEALTHY Hewrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, pyramidally conic, smooth, or very finely obliquely striated, burnt-orange, encircled with two chestnut zones, of which the upper is faint, and with an opake- white band next the suture; spire pyramidally raised; whorls seven, convexly flattened, the last slightly de- scending in front; aperture transversely ovate, hori- zontal, obliquely produced; lip broadly expandedly reflected, tinged with violet, callously dilated at the columella, partially covering the umbilicus. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1854, p. 57. Hab. Island of Celebes. A fine new species, allied to H. pileus, from the collec- tion of Mr. Griiner. Species 1347. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Arropos. Hel. testa subampliter et profunde um- bilicatd, orbiculato-depressa, apice obtusa, oblique irre- gulariter striata, rufescente-castaned, zonis tribus al- bidis cingulatd ; anfractibus quinque, medio convexis, supra infraque planulatis, ultimo antice abrupte de- scendente ; apertura transverse ovali, labro reflexo, marginibus approximatis. Tue Atropos Hexrx. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, obtuse at the apex, obliquely irregularly striated, reddish-chestnut, encir- cled with three whitish zones; whorls five, convex in | the middle, flattened above and below, last whorl abruptly descending in front; aperture transversely oval, lip reflected, margins approximated. Fervssac, Hist. Moll. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. i. p. 56. pl. 69 H. f. 13, 15. Hab. Madagascar. A subtransparent solid species, alternately spirally banded with reddish-chestnut and white, the coloured bands being the broader. Species 1348. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx semicasTanga. el. testé subprofund2 umbili- cata, turbinato-globosd, oblique striata, et sub lente minute granulata, supra fulvd, infra olivaceo-castaneda, zonuld albidd medio cingulatd ; spird obtusd ; anfrac- tibus sex, vir convexis, ultimo antice subdescendente ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro alho, reflexo. THE HALF-CHESTNUT Hexix. Shell rather deeply um- bilicated, turbinately globose, obliquely striated, and beneath the lens minutely granulated, fulvous above, olive-chestnut beneath, encircled round the middle with a narrow whitish zone; spire obtuse; whorls six, scarcely convex, the last a little descending in front ; aperture lunar-circular, lip white, reflected. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1849, p. 77. Hab. ? Chiefly distinguished by its peculiarity of colouring, the under half being a dark olive-chestnut, whilst the upper half is of a lighter fulvous. Species 1349. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX GENERALIS. Tel. testé imperforatd, subgloboso- conoided, tenuiculd, tumidd, oblique product, undique decussatim striatd, epidermide pallidé olivaceo-flavi- canle indutd, medio ‘obscure tenuizonatd, ad apicem albicante ; spira subobtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, de- clivi-convexis, rapidé accrescentibus ; apertura perob- liqua, subquadrata, labro tenuireflexo, ad columellam calloso-dilatatd, appressda. Tne GENERAL Hetx. Shell imperforated, subglobosely conoid, rather thin, swollen, obliquely produced, de- cussately striated throughout, covered with a pale olive-yellow epidermis, obscurely thinly zoned about the middle, whitish at the apex; spire rather obtuse ; whorls four, slantingly convex, increasing rapidly ; aperture very oblique, rather square, lip thinly re- flected, callously dilated and appressed at the colu- mella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Philippines. August, 1854. HELIX.—Prare CXCII. A very characteristic new species, of the same peculiar type as H. melanotragus. Species 1350. (Mus. Griiner.) Hewix sutcosa. Hel. testé subampliter et profunde umbilicatd, depresso-globosa, subdiscoided, intus extus- que intense castaneo-rubra, oblique spiraliter corru- gato-sulcatd et indentaté ; spird convexo-pland ; an- Sractibus quingue, convexis; aperturd transverse lu- nari, labro late expanso, subreflexo. Tar GRooveD Hetrx. Shell rather largely and deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, subdiscoid, deep chestnut-red within and without, obliquely spirally wrinkle-grooved and indented; spire convexly flat- tened; whorls five, convex; aperture transversely lunar, lip broadly expanded, a little reflected. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1854, p. 65. Hab. Island of Celebes. A new and very characteristic species, received by Mr. Griiner from Celebes, along with H. euchroes. The sculp- ture consists of a superficial network of obliquely spiral wrinkle-grooves and indentations. Species 1351. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Bucuu. Hel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, conico- globosd, tenui, tumida, oblique rugoso-striatd, sub lente striis dense decussaté, pallidd spadiceo-alba, spadiceo quinquefasciatd, albilentiginosd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis ; apertura verticali-lunari, la- bro vix refleco, ad umbilicum lat? reflexo. Bucn’s Heurx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, coni- cally globose, thin, swollen, obliquely roughly stri- ated, beneath the lens densely decussated with strim, light fawn-white, encircled with five fawn bands, freckled with white; whorls four to five, rounded ; aperture vertically lunar, lip scarcely reflected, at the umbilicus broadly reflected. Dusots, Kuster Conch. Cab. Helix, pl. 148. f. 6, 7. Hab. Colchis. Very closely allied to H. pomacea, but distinguished by its light subtransparent roundness and freckled colouring. // ; { AY, // —- is he HELIX. Prate CXCIII. Species 1352. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Punrtea. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-globosa, striis obliquis sulcisque minutis spiralibus decussatd, alba, spadiceo-fusco quadrifasciatd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis, ultimo anticé deflero ; apertura trans- vers? subquadratd, intus spadiceo tinctd, labro subla- biato, ad columellam spadiceo tincto. Tue Puntc Herx. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, decussated with oblique striz and minute spiral grooves, white, encircled with four fawn-brown bands ; whorls five, convex, the last deflected in front; aper- ture transversely subquadrate, tinged with fawn with- in, lip slightly edged, fawn-stained at the columella. Moretet, Journ. Conch. 1851, p. 352. pl. 9. f. 3, 4. Hab. Constantine, Algeria. I give a figure of this species since it is acknowledged as such by Dr. Pfeiffer, but consider it no more than a variety of H. lactea. Species 1353. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx APPENDIcULATA. Jel. testa obtecté umbilicatd, globoso-turbinatd, oblique subrugosé striatd, striis ad suturas leviter plicatis, fuscescente-lacted, nigro spira- liter fasciatd et lineata, epidermide tenui corned lutes- cente indutd ; spird obtusd ; anfractihus quinque, con- vexis, ultimo anticé deflexo ; aperturd subquadrato- lunari, labro reflexo, ad umbilicum late calloso-ap- presso, fumeo-purpurascente. Tue aAPPENDAGED Hexix. Shell with a covered umbili- cus, globosely turbinated, obliquely rather roughly striated, striz slightly plicated at the sutures, brown- ish cream-colour, spirally banded and lineated with black, covered with a thin yellowish-horny epidermis ; spire obtuse; whorls five, convex, the last reflected in front; aperture somewhat squarely lunar, lip re- flected at the umbilicus, broadly callously appressed, smoky-purple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Australia. Allied somewhat to 17. Fraseri, from the same locality, but a very distinct and characteristic species. Species 1354. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix BELLA. Hel. testa via umbilicatd, globoso-conicd, tumidiusculd, subobsolete plicato-striatd, spadiceo-fusca, versus apicem castaneo-rufa, fascia opacd infra peri- pheriam et ad suturas cingulatd ; spird elecatd, apice obtusa ; anfractihus sex, conceriusculis ; apertura qua- drato-lunari, labro simplici. Tue pretty Hextx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, glo- bosely conic, somewhat swollen, rather obsoletely pli- cately striated, fawn-brown, chestnut-red towards the apex, encircled with an opake-white band below the periphery and sutures; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls six, rather convex ; aperture quadrately lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Moluccas. A light globose fawn-red shell, peculiarly characterized by opake white in the sutures. Species 1355. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix auesita. Hel. testé profund2 umbilicatd, tenui- globosd, sinistrali, obliqué subrugoso-striatd, semipellu- cido-albd, zonula@ castaned angusté medio cingulata ; spird subobtusd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; aper- turd rotundato-lunari, labro tenui, subreflexo. Tue soucut Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, thinly globose, sinistral, obliquely rather roughly striated, semitransparent white, encircled round the middle with a narrow chestnut zone; spire rather obtuse ; whorls five, convex; aperture rotundately lunar, lip thin, a little reflected. Desnayres, Hist. Moll. vol. i. p. 179. pl. 10 B. f. 10-12. Hab. Moluceas. A reversed shell, of light semitransparent white sub- stance, encircled round the middle with a narrow chestnut zone. Species 1356. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Martini. Hel. testé excavate subanguste umbili- catd, depresso-ylobosé, pallide sericeo-olivaced, subtus concavd, undique pulcherrimé densd costellato-striatd, interstitiis sub lente minute cancellatis ; spird obtusd, suturd impressé ; anfractibus octo, rotundatis, ultimo ad peripheriam obsolete carinato; aperturd oblique lunari, labro, precipue ad marginem inferiorem, re- flexo. August, 1854. HELIX.—Puare CXCIM. Martin’s_Heurx. Shell excavately rather narrowly um- bilicated, depressly globose, pale silky-olive, concave beneath, very beautifully densely rib-striated without, interstices beneath the lens minutely cancellated ; spire obtuse, with the suture impressed; whorls eight, rounded, the last obsoletely keeled at the pe- riphery ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip, especially at the lower margin, reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Pedang, Island of Sumatra; Capt. Adolphe Martin. Chiefly distinguished by its very beautiful densely stri- ated sculpture, which has a silky aspect. Species 1357. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex zosteropHora. el. testa imperforata, depresso- orbiculari, subtus excavatd, striis obliquis sulcisque spiralibus minutis superficialiter decussaté, albidé, zoni castaned unicd fasciisque duabus ferrugineis cingulaté ; spird subelecatd ; anfractibus sex, supra plano-declivibus, deinde convexis; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue crrpLtep Herrx. Shell imperforated, depressly or- bicular, excavated beneath, superficially decussated with oblique stria and minute spiral grooves, whitish, encircled with a single chestnut zone and two rust bands ; spire slightly raised ; whorls six, flatly slant- ing above, then convex ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, ——? Allied to H. citrina, but of more solid structure. Al- though imperforated, there is indication of a closed um- bilicus. Heli, Pl. CX CIV. 1364 HELIX. Piate CXCIV. Species 1358. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX worioMPHALA. T1el. testd latissim2 apertd um- bilicatd, plano-orbiculari, depressissimd, subdiscoided, subtus convexi, sordide stramined, semipellucida, sub lente tenuissimée decussatim striaté ; spird tenuimar- ginatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, lentd accrescenti- bus, acutissime carinatis ; apertura compresso-securi- Sormi, labro simplici ; umbilico peculiariter marginato. THE EDGE-UMBILICATED Hetrx. Shell verybroadly openly umbilicated, flatly orbicular, very depressed, subdis- coid, convex beneath, dirty straw-colour, semitrans- parent, beneath the lens very finely decussately stri- ated; spire thinly margined; whorls six to seven, increasing slowly, very sharply keeled; aperture com- pressly hatchet-shaped, lip simple; umbilicus pecu- liarly edged. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Japan Archipelago. A remarkable species from Japan, peculiarly typically distinct about the umbilicus, which has the appearance of being artificially scooped out. Species 1359. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx pacoputa. Hel. testd imperforatd, conoided, sub- tus convexa, sordidé alba, sub lente minutissimé decus- satim striata; spird subobtusé ; anfractibus sex, con- vexo-planis, ad peripheriam carinatis, carina conspicue recurod ; apertura ovato-securiformi, labro vir re- Slexo. THE LITTLE PaGopA Hetrx. Shell imperforated, conoid, convex below, beneath the lens very minutely de- cussately striated; spire somewhat obtuse; whorls six, convexly flattened, keeled at the periphery, keel conspicuously turned up; aperture ovately hatchet- shaped, lip scarcely reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. E A conical pagoda-like dead-white shell, chiefly charac- terized by the keel which encircles the periphery of the whorls being turned up all round. Species 1360. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx curvipens. Hel. terld imperforatd, subglobosa, crassiuscula, semipellucido-alba, oblique striata, subtus granoso-indentata ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, ultimo subobscure carinato, carind opaco- alla ; apertura lunari-ovatd, labro paululum reflero, ad columellam usque ad basin lat appresso-calloso, dente curcato ; columelld excavala. Tue curvep-Toora Hetix. Shell imperforated, sub- globose, rather thick, semitransparent-white, ob- liquely striated, granosely indented beneath ; spire obtuse; whorls four, convex, the last somewhat ob- scurely keeled, keel opake-white; aperture lunar- ovate, lip a little reflected, at the columella as far as the base broadly appressly callous, with a curved tooth; columella excavated. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, semitransparent-white though solid, encircled with a somewhat obscure keel, which, near the aperture, is opake-white. From the colu- mella to the base the lip has a broad callous shelf on it, ending in a curved tooth. Species 1361. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx supvitrea. Hel. testé subangust2 profund2 wm- bilicatd, conoided, basi plano-convexa, subvitreo-alba, tenuissime decussatim striata; spird elevata, apice subobtusa ; anfractibus sex ad septem, planulatis, cari- natis, deinde convexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro ad basin calloso-reflexo, ad columellam laté appresso, umbilicum semitegente. Tue ouass-L1ke Hetrx. Shell rather narrowly deeply umbilicated, conoid, flatly convex at the base, sub- glassy-white, very finely decussately striated ; spire raised, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls six to seven, flattened, keeled, then convex; aperture ob- liquely lunar, callously reflected at the base, broadly appressed at the columella, half-covering the um- bilicus. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1854. Hab. Moluccas. A rather solid obtusely conical species, of transparent- white substance, keeled at the periphery. September, 1854. HELIX.—Piate CXCIV, ~ Species 1362. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix GonrompHata. Hel. testd angustissime umbili- cata, orbiculari-subconoided, olivaceo-fuscd, subtus lu- tescente-viridi ; spird breviusculd, apice obtusa ; an- Jractibus sex ad septem, angustis, planatis, tenui-mar- ginatis, lenté accrescentibus, ultimo ad peripheriam acuté carinato ; apertura horizontali, labro simplici, ad basin calloso. THE NARROW-UMBILICATED Hexix. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, orbicularly subconoid, olive-brown, yel- lowish-green beneath; spire rather short, obtuse at the apex; whorls six to seven, narrow, flattened, finely margined, increasing slowly, the last sharply keeled at the periphery; aperture horizontal, lip sim- ple, callous at the base. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. ? A closely convoluted species, of smooth angular broadly conical growth. Species 1363, (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Funricutata. Hel. testa subampliter umbilicatd, orbiculari, tumidiusculd, obliqué plicato-striata et ru- goso-granata, fulvo-castaned, zond unica pallida cin- guiatd ; spird convexd, suturaé impressd ; anfractibus septem, rotundatis, ultimo carind laté obtusa subob- scure cincto ; apertura orbiculari-lunatd, labro subre- jflexo, ad columellam late appresso. Tue corpep Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, orbicular, rather swollen, obliquely plicately striated and rugosely granuled, fulvous-chestnut, encircled with a single pale zone; spire convex, with a suture impressed ; whorls seven, rounded, the last somewhat obscurely encircled with a broad obtuse keel; aper- ture orbicularly lunar, lip a little reflected, broadly appressed at the columella. Prerrrer, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. (sland in Torres Straits, North Australia. Roughly granuled throughout, and obscurely encircled round the periphery with a rather broad obtuse keel. Species 1364. (Mus. Cuming.) HeLix crasstpens, Hel. testa imperforatd, globosd, crassd, nigro-castaned, oblique lirato-striatd ; spird brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus quingue, plano-concezis, ad peripheriam obsolete carinatis; apertura horizontali, angustd, contracta, labro dens? calloso, marginibus Junctis, superiore dente oblongo crasso, inferiore denti- bus duobus tenuibus internis. Tue tTHIck-rooTHED Hexrx. Shell imperforated, glo- bose, thick, black-chestnut, obliquely ridge-like stri- ated; spire short, obtuse; whorls five, slightly con- vex, obsoletely keeled at the periphery; aperture horizontal, narrow, contracted, lip densely callous, margins joined, upper margin furnished with a thick oblong tooth, lower with two thin internal teeth. PrerrFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Martinique. Very closely allied to H. pachygastra, from which it differs in having so prominent an oblong callous tooth. Fig. 1365. (Mus. Cuming.) This beautifully sculptured shell, the /eliz delphinula, Lowe, from Madeira, is included by Dr. Pfeiffer in his list of fossil species. Species 1366. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CORNEO-VIRENS. Hel. testa subobtect2 umbilicaté, conoideo-globosd, tenui, subinflata, superné oblique ru- gosd, infra levigatd, corneo-virente, subdiaphana ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, converius- culis, ultimo leviter angulato, antice descendente ; apertura oblique lunari, subampla, labro albido, tenué refleco, ad columellam late appresso. THE HORN-GREEN Hexrx. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, conoidly globose, thin, somewhat inflated, obliquely rugose at the upper part, smooth beneath, horny-green, subdiaphanous; spire obtuse; whorls five to six, slightly convex, the last faintly angled, descending in front; aperture obliquely lunar, rather large, lip thinly reflected, broadly appressed at the columella, lip white. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac, 1851, p. 25. Hab, San Nicholas. A light subinflated diaphanous horny shell, of simple character. Helix, PLOXECY. HELIX. Pirate CXCV. Species 1367. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix soumpua. Hel. testa vix umbilicatd, depresso-co- noided, fusca, oblique plicato-striatd, striis elevatis ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus sex, planatis, ad peripheriam carinatis ; apertura angusté lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam leviter reflexo. THE RATHER soLip Hewrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly conoid, brown, obliquely plicately striated, strie raised; spire obtuse; whorls six, flattened, keeled at the periphery ; aperture narrowly lunar, lip simple, a little reflected at the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. ——? A firm, conoid species, scarcely umbilicated, sculptured with fine raised strie. Species 1368. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx cumutus. el. testd obtecté umbilicaté, orbiculari, pellucido-corned, densé elevato-striatd ; spird depresso- convexd ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo leviter carinato ; aperturd oblique lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam paululum reflexo. Tue pice Hewtx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbi- cular, transparent horny, densely elevately striated ; spire depressly convex ; whorls five, the last slightly keeled; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple, a little reflected at the columella. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Banks of Manning River, East Australia. A simple transparent horny shell, a little excavated around the umbilicus, which is very small, and covered over by the slight callously reflected expansion of the co- lumellar margin. Species 1369. (Mus. Cuming.) Herix Cayennensis. Tel. testa late perspective umbi- licatd, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, tenui, hyalind, dense oblique striata, epidermide corned lutescente in- dutd ; spird leviter convexd, suturd impressd ; anfrac- tibus quinque, rotundatis ; apertura pared, circulari, labro simplici. Tue Cayenne Hetrx. Shell broadly perspectively um- bilicated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, thin, hyaline, densely obliquely striated, covered with a yellowish- horny epidermis; spire slightly convex, suture im- pressed; whorls five, rounded; aperture small, cir- cular, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. Cayenne. A spiral narrow-whorled species, nearly discoid, with an open perspective umbilicus. by Species 1370. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Stimpsoni. Hel. testd angust2 profund2 umbili- cata, depresso-globosd, tenuiculd, subcorned, fulvescente- fusca, dense elevato-striatad ; anfractibus quinque, con- vexris, ultimo subinflato, et leviter carinato ; apertura subcirculari, labro reflexo, carneo tincto. Strapson’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, rather thin, somewhat horny, yel- lowish-brown, thickly elevately striated ; whorls five, convex, the last somewhat inflated, faintly keeled ; aperture subcircular, lip reflected, flesh-tinged. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab, China. A depressly globose horny shell, characterized by a rounded aperture with a conspicuously reflected flesh- tinged lip. Species 1371. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix cautcutus. Hel. testa perampliter et latissime umbilicata, planissime depressd, utrinque concavd, an- guste discoided, lutescente-olivaced, lineis rufis undatis decussatd ; anfractibus octo, angustissimis, supra et infra angulalis ; aperturaé minutd, lunari. THE PEBBLE Hewtx. Shell very largely and broadly umbilicated, very flatly depressed, concave on both sides, narrowly discoid, yellowish-olive, crossed with waved red lines; whorls eight, extremely narrow, angular above and below; aperture very small, lunar. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hah. ? This remarkably discoid species has the most complete Ammonite-form of any of the genus, and the cross waved lines almost give it the appearance of being chambered. September, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CXCV. Species 1372. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Yorxensis. Hel. testd minute umbilicatd, orbi- culari-depressé, pellucido-corned, olivaced, obsolete striatd, nitente ; spird convexd, laevigata ; anfractibus guingue, plano-declivibus, ad peripheriam obtuse? cari- natis ; apertura obliqué lunari, labro simplici. Tue York Heurx. Shell minutely umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, transparent horny, olive, obsoletely striated, shining; spire convex, smooth; whorls five, flatly slanting, obtusely keeled at the periphery ; aper- ture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hal. Cape York, North Australia. A simple horny species, with a smoothly convex spire, faintly keeled at the periphery. Species 1373. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Mataccanus. Hel. testd angusté umbilicata, de- presso-orbiculari, subpellucido-corned, saturate oliva- ced, levigatd, polita ; spird convexo-planata, suturd tenuissime marginatad ; anfractibus quingue, superné planulatis, deinde convexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue Matacca Hetrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, subtransparent-horny, dark olive, smooth, polished; spire conyexly flattened, suture finely margined ; whorls five, flattened at the upper part, convex ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. PreirreERr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Province of Queda, Malacca; Captain Adolphe Martin. Of a hard, polished, Vitrina-like substance. Species 1374. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CARNEOLA. Hel. testd minute umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, carneolo-corned, pellucida, levigatd, polita ; spiré leviter convead, suturd subimpressd ; anfractibus quingue, superne planulatis, deinde rotundatis ; aper- turd oblique lunari, labro simplici. THE CARNELIAN Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, carnelian-horny, transparent, smooth, polished ; spire slightly convex, the suture rather impressed ; whorls five, flattened at the upper part, then rounded; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. A shell of very simple character, but the horny sub- stance of which it is composed has a peculiar carnelian tint. Species 1375. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx vinraris. Hel. testé minut2 umbilicatd, orbicu- lari, pallidé virescente-corned, diaphand, levigata, politd ; spird plano-converd, suturd subtilissimé mar- ginatad ; anfractibus quinque ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue vittace Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, orbi- cular, pale greenish-horny, diaphanous, smooth, po- lished; spire flatly convex, suture very finely mar- gined; whorls five; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Vizard Island, North Australia. A very delicate pale-green horny species, minutely um- bilicated, with the suture of the spire very finely margined. Species 1376. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Bactriana. Hel. testa angust2 profund2 umbi- licatd, orbiculari, subobsolet2 plicato-striata, sordidé corned, cinereo oblique strigata, juxta suturam et ad peripheriam albida ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; apertura circulari, labro simplici, ad columellam sub- reflexo. Tue Bacrrran Hexrx. Shell narrowly deeply umbili- cated, orbicular, somewhat obsoletely plicately stri- ated, dull horny, obliquely streaked with ash, whitish next the suture and at the periphery; whorls five, rounded; aperture circular, lip simple, a little re- flected at the columella. Hurron, Journ. Asiatic Soc. 1849. Hab. Candahar. A pale, somewhat opake shell, obliquely marked with ash streaks, which are interrupted in the middle by a faint light zone. Helix, Pl. CXCV7. HELIX. Puate CXCVI. Species 1377. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Sopnta. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, oblique de- press, Vitrineformi, pellucido-corned, tenuissima, ob- liqué plicatd, spiraliter minutissimé lineari-sulcald ; spird parum elevatd; anfractibus quinque, convexo- declivibus, ultimo tumido, circa umbilicum impresso ; apertura laté lunari, horizontali, labro tenui, via re- flexo. Soputa’s Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, obliquely depressed, Vitrina-shaped, transparent-horny, very thin, obliquely plicated, spirally very minutely li- nearly grooved ; spire but little raised; whorls five, convexly slanting, last whorl tumid, impressed around the umbilicus ; aperture broadly lunar, horizontal, lip thin, scarcely reflected. GaskoINn, Pro. Zool. Soc. July, 1854. Hab. Lord Howe’s Island; Macgillivray. An extremely delicate transparent-horny Vitrina-like species. Species 1378. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Giurrosa. Hel. testd minute umbilicatd, co- noideo-lenticulari, tenuiculd, pellucido-corned, lubrica, politissimd, fulvescente-castaned, supra peripheriam fascid angustd castaneo-rufa cingulatd, infra fascia albidé ; spird conoideo-depressd, apice obtusd ; an- Sractibus sex, plano-declivibus, ultimo ad peripheriam carinato, carind rotundatd ; apertura angulato-lunari, labro simplici. Tue GLuTinous Hetrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, conoidly lens-shaped, rather thin, transparent-horny, slimy, very highly polished, pale fulvous-chestnut, encircled above the periphery with a narrow chestnut- red band, below with a whitish band; spire conoidly depressed, obtuse at the apex; whorls six, flatly slanting, the last keeled at the periphery, keel round- ed; aperture angularly lunar, lip simple. Mercatre, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. Borneo. A shell of firm growth, remarkable for its excessively polished transparent-horny substance, looking as if highly varnished. Species 1379. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Borneensis. el. testa minut2 umbilicata, ob- liqué orbiculari, decussatim striatd, fulvo-brunned, infra peripheriam saturate fasciald, fascia versus basin dilutd ; spird depressd ; suturd distincta ; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, infra convexrioribus ; apertura trans- vers? lunari, subampla, labro simplici, limbo calloso- albo, ad umbilicum calloso-reflexo. Tue Borneo Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, ob- liquely orbicular, decussately striated, fulvous-brown, darkly banded below the periphery, band diluted towards the base; spire depressed ; suture distinct ; whorls four, convex, more convex below; aperture transversely lunar, rather large, lip simple, callous- white at the edge, callously reflected at the umbi- licus. PrerrreRr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 127. Hah. Borneo. A fine large depressly convoluted species, somewhat amply obliquely produced at the aperture, of a burnt- brown colour, darker banded below the periphery. Species 1380. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix tata. Hel. testa angust2 profund2 umbilicata, subturbinalé, pellucido-stramined, solidiuscula, sub- nitente, striolis spiralibus decussatim granulatad et subtiliter corrugato-indentatd ; spird depressd, versus apicem subelevata ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, ul- timo ad peripheriam subacul2 carinato, cariné rugosé, opacé ; aperturd angulato-lunari, labro simplici, vir incrassato. Tue cueerrut Herx. Shell narrowly rather deeply umbilicated, slightly turbinated, transparent straw- colour, rather solid, a little shining, decussately gra- nulated with fine spiral striw, and finely corrugately indented ; spire depressed, a little raised towards the apex ; whorls six, rather flat, the last rather sharply keeled at the periphery, keel rough, opake; aperture angularly lunar, lip simple, scarcely thickened. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hah, ——? A characteristic subtransparent straw-coloured species, of rather solid structure, finely indented and stria-crossed, December, 1854. HELIX.—P tate CXCVI. encircled at the periphery with a sharp rough keel, which is more opake than the rest of the shell. Species 1381. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx Bocorensis. Hel. testa subampliter umbilicatd, lenticulari, solidad, acute carinatd, striata, sub lente minutissimée granulald, nigro-castaned ; spird brevis- sima, oblusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planu- latis, ultimo antice multo deflexo, supra et infra cari- nam profunde scrobiculari ; apertura perobliqud, auri- formi, labro continuo, albo, crasso, undique expanso- reflero, margine supero arcuato, intus tuberculo tri- angulari munito, margine parietali flecuoso, laminam validam lingueformem emittente, margine basali medio subangulatim descendente, latere sinistro tuberculis duobus inequalibus munito, dextro plicis duabus in- aqualibus in tuberculo elevato positis munito. Tue Bocora Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, lens-shaped, solid, sharply keeled, striated, very mi- nutely granulated beneath the lens, blackish-chestnut ; spire very short, obtuse; whorls four to five, rather flat, the last rather much deflected in front, deeply pitted above and below the keel; aperture very ob- lique, ear-shaped, lip continuous, white, thick, ex- pandedly reflected throughout, upper margin arched, furnished within with a triangular tubercle, parietal margin flexuous, emitting a strong tongue-shaped lamina, basal margin somewhat angularly descending in the middle, the left side being furnished with two unequal tubercles, the right side with two unequal plates, placed on a raised tubercle. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab, Santa Fé de Bogota. Remarkable for the very prominent tongue-shaped la- mina issuing from the parietal margin, with two double- plaited tubercles on the lower margin. Species 1382. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix aunts. Hel. testa sinistrali, subprofunde umbi- licatd, subauriformi, depresso-tumida, tenui, subpellu- cidd, fulvescente-olivaced, striatula ; spird vir elevata, obtusd ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, leviter convexis, ultimo obtuse carinato, sub- tus convexiore, nitente ; apertura oblique lunari, sub- ampla, labro via reflexo. Tue gaR Hexrx. Shell sinistral, rather deeply umbili- cated, somewhat ear-shaped, depressly tumid, thin, subtransparent, fulvous-olive, finely striated; spire scarcely raised, obtuse; suture impressed; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last obtusely keeled, more convex beneath, shining; aperture obliquely lunar, rather large, lip scarcely reflected. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Tah. Koondah Mountains, near Calicut, India; Pirrie. A light tumid yellowish-olive shell, subtransparent in substance, and of reversed growth. Helix, Pl, CXCTT1L HELIX. Pirate CXCVILI. Species 1383. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX CANDIDIssIMA. Hel. testé imperforatd, globosd, solidd, cretaced, candidé ; spird obtus? conoided ; an- Sractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo antic? deflexo, obso- leté carinato ; apertura parviusculd, rotundato-lunari, labro expanso-reflexo. THE VERY wHiTe Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globose, solid, chalky, white; spire obtusely conoid; whorls five, convex, the last deflected in front, obsoletely keeled; aperture rather small, rotundately lunar, lip expandedly reflected. Draparnavp, Hist. Moll. p. 89. pl. 5. f. 19. Helix rimosa, Jan. Hah. Southern Europe and North Africa. Of a solid globose form and clear bright white chalky substance, with rather a contracted aperture. Species 1384. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx Eppysronensis. Hel. testd subangust2 profund2 umbilicatd, conoideo-depressd, versus aperturam ob- lique productdé, minutissimé spiraliter striaté, striis subcorrugatis obliquis dense decussatis, subpellucido- stramined, zonulis duabus castaneis cingulatd ; spird subelevatd ; anfractibus quatuor, convexo-declivibus, ultimo obtuse carinato, carind opacd ; apertura ob- lique lunari, subhorizontali, labro laté expanso-reflexo. Tue Eppystone Hexix. Shell rather narrowly deeply umbilicated, conoidly depressed, obliquely produced towards the aperture, very minutely spirally striated, strie densely decussated with slightly wrinkled ob- lique strize, subtransparent straw-colour, encircled with two chestnut zones; spire rather raised ; whorls four, convexly slanting, the last obtusely keeled, keel opake; aperture obliquely lunar, rather horizontal, with the lip broadly expandedly reflected. Hab. Eddystone Island, Australia. A very characteristic species, of delicate straw-colour, encircled with two narrow chestnut zones; one above the periphery, which is more opake than the rest of the shell, and the other below it. Species 1385. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Arricana. Hel. testd minute umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, pellucido-corned, nitente, minutissime spi- raliter striata, obliqud tenuiplicaté ; anfractibus sex, angustis, plano-converis, ultimo obtuse carinato, infra convexiore ; apertura lunari, labro tenui, simplict. Tue Arrican Heurx. Shell minutely umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, transparent-horny, shining, very minutely spirally striated, obliquely finely plicated ; whorls six, narrow, flatly convex, the last obtusely keeled, more convex beneath ; aperture broadly lunar, lip thin, simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 128. Hab. West Africa. A transparent-horny depressly orbicular shell, some- times of darker fulvous-brown than here represented. Species 1386. (Mus. Cuming.) Herrx Amazonica. Hel. testa profundée subampliter umbilicata, depressa, subtus convexiore, dens? plicatim corrugato-strialad et granulata, fulvo-brunned, rufo- castaneo ad suturam punctalaé; spira vir elevata ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo conspicue carinato, circa umbilicum albicante, lineis rufo-castaneis cingulato ; apertura late lunari, labro reflero. Tue Amazon Hexrx. Shell deeply rather largely um- bilicated, depressed, more convex beneath, densely plicately wrinkle-striated and granuled, fulvous- brown, dotted with reddish-chestnut at the suture ; spire scarcely raised; whorls five, the last conspicu- ously keeled, whitish round the umbilicus, encircled with reddish-chestnut lines; aperture broadly lunar, lip reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Banks of the Amazon. Chiefly distinguished from its allied species by the ar- rangement of the colouring and densely plicately wrinkle- striated surface. Species 1387. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Sxixnent. Jel. test subgloboso-depressd, crassa, solidd, versus aperturam perobliqué productd, undique minuté granulald, spiraliter lald superficialiter sul- cata, livido-castaned, epidermide fulcd in maculis hie- roglyphicis spiraliter lentiginosd, sublus rosea ; spird December, 1854. HELIX.—Puiate CXCVII. brevi, parva ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus tribus ad quatuor, ultimo multo maximo ; apertura subquadrato- oblonga, labro extus late incrassato, intus dense calloso, sub parietem continuo, undique intense purpureo-vio- laceo. Sxinner’s Hetrx. Shell subglobosely depressed, thick, solid, very obliquely produced towards the aperture, everywhere minutely granuled, spirally broadly super- ficially grooved, livid chestnut, spirally freckled with a fulvous epidermis, disposed in hieroglyphic spots ; spire short, rose-colour beneath, small; suture im- pressed; whorls three to four, last whorl very much the largest ; aperture subquadrately oblong, lip ex- ternally broadly thickened, interiorly densely callous, continuous over the body-whorl, everywhere deep purple-violet. Hab. Ceylon; Major Skinner. A very characteristic species, of solid obliquely pro- duced growth, of the same peculiar type as H. Waltoni, from the same locality. The lip is of a particularly deep purple-violet callous deposit continued over the body- whorl, and curiously thickened exteriorly. Species 1388. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx soprina. Hel. testd imperforatd, globoso-depressa, solidd, obliqué striatd, albd aut lutescente ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtuse angulato ; apertura perobliqua, lunari-rotundata, la- bro multo incrassato, refleco, marginibus callositate junctis, columellari dilatato, irregulariter et obsolete denticulato. Tue cousin Hexix. Shell imperforated, globosely de- pressed, solid, obliquely striated, white or yellowish ; whorls five, rather convex, the last obtusely angled at the periphery ; aperture very oblique, lunar round- ed, lip very much thickened, reflected, margins joined by a callosity, columellar margin dilated, irregularly and obsoletely toothed. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 43. f. 6. Hab. Cuba. A heavy solid colourless species, with a very thickened reflected lip obsoletely rudely puckered within. Helier, Pl. CXCVIT, = =. HELIX. Piate CXCVIII. Species 1389. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ELLIpsostoMA. Hel. testd semiobtect2 umbilicatd, lenticulari, minutissime granulatd, nigro-brunned ; spira depresso-conoided ; suturd submarginata ; anfrac- tibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo acutissimé carinato, anticé subito deflexo, triscrobiculato ; apertura hori- | zontali, elliptico-rhombed, dente libero lamelleformi intrante, labro continuo, albo, margine parietali erecto, supero breviter expanso, basali reflexo, medio subangu- latim descendente, parte sinistré tuberculo unico, dex- tra plicis duabus divergentibus basi junctis. ELLIPTIc-MouTH Hexrx. umbilicus, lens-shaped, very minutely granulated, black-brown ; spire depressly conoid ; suture slightly margined ; whorls five, rather flat, the last very sharply keeled, suddenly deflected in front, three-pitted ; aperture horizontal, elliptic-rhomboid, with a free lamelliform tooth on the body-whorl, lip continuous, white, parietal margin erect, upper shortly expanded, basal reflected, somewhat angularly descending in the middle, left part with a single tubercle, right with two diverging plates, joined at the base. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. THE An interesting species, of the plaited mouth group, col- lected at Santa Fé de Bogota by Mr. Marks, Consul- General of that district. Species 1390. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix susprupis. Hel. testa subampliter profund um- bilicatdé, depresso-orbiculari, subrudé dens? plicato- striatd, albidd, superné castaneo-fasciatd, apice carne ; anfractibus quinque, subrotundatis ; apertura circu- lari, labro simplici. Tue rupE Hexix. Shell rather largely deeply umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, rather rudely densely pli- cately striated, whitish, chestnut-banded at the upper part, flesh-tinged at the apex; whorls five, somewhat rounded ; aperture circular, lip simple. PreirFeR, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hah, ——? A roughly striated species, of rounded growth, whitish beneath, reddish-chestnut banded above. Shell with a half-covered | Species 1391. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Kravusst. Hel. testa profundé umbilicata, globoso- depressd, versus aperturam oblique producta, dense striata, olivaceo-corned ; spird vix elevata ; anfracti- bus quatuor ad quinque, ultimo lato, inflato, antice paululum deflexo; apertura perobliqud, subampla, lunari-circulari, labro simplici, marginibus approxi- matis. Krauss’s Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, globosely depressed, obliquely produced towards the aperture, closely striated, olive-horny; spire scarcely raised ; whorls four to five, the last broad, inflated, a little deflected in front ; aperture very oblique, rather large, lunar-circular, lip simple, with margins approximating. PrEIFFER, Symbole, vol. iii. p. 70. Hab. Knysna, Cape of Good Hope (in the woods) ; Krauss. A semitransparent olive-horny species, with the last whorl circularly convoluted, but much enlarged and ob- liquely produced towards the aperture. Species 1392. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Loxorropis. el. testa excavat? profunde um- bilicatd, turbinato-depressi, solidiusculd, oblique tenui- striata, sordidé lutescente, ad suturam opaco-alba, lined unicd castaneo-rufa, fasciisque duabus latis cas- taneo-rufis ad basin ; spird obtuso-conoided ; anfrac- tibus quingue, declivi-convexis, ultimo antice deflexo, infra plano-concavo, pone labrum constricto ; apertura horizontali, transverse lunari-ovali, labro expanso-re- flexo, marginibus approximatis. THE OBLIQUELY-KEELED Hexix. Shell excavately deeply umbilicated, turbinately depressed, rather solid, ob- liquely finely striated, dirty-yellowish, opake-white at the suture, with a single chestnut-red line, and two broad red bands beneath; spire obtusely conoid ; whorls five, slantingly convex, the last deflected in front, flatly concave beneath, constricted behind the lip; aperture horizontal, transversely lunar-oval, lip expandedly reflected, with the margins approximating. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 82. Ilab. Moluceas. A solid characteristic species, excavately flattened be- neath, with the lip expandedly produced and constricted. December, 1854. HELIX.—P are CXCVILIL. Species 1393. (Mus. Cuming.) He.ix TROGLODYTES. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, depresso- orbiculari, corned, sordidé cinnamomeo-olivaced, ob- liqué striata, striis minutissimis spiralibus decussata ; spird depresso-conoided ; suturd distincté ; anfracti- bus sex, converiusculis ; apertura laté lunari, labro sumplict. sparrow Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly orbicular, horny, dull cinuamon-olive, ob- liquely striated, decussated with very minute spiral strie ; spire depressly conoid; suture distinct ; whorls six, rather convex; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. Moree, Revue Zoologique Soc. Cuvierienne, 1848, p. 351. Hab. Gaboon, West Africa. THE A dull cinnamon-olive horny shell, of simple convolu- tion, scarcely umbilicated. Species 1394. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) HeLix maeuaris. Hel. testa late perspective umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, subcorned, solidd, densé corrugato- striata, fusco-luted, fascia nigra ad peripheriam in- terdum cingulaté; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue uNEauaL Hetrx. Shell broadly perspectively um- bilicated, depressly orbicular, somewhat horny, solid, densely wrinkle-striated, brownish-yellow, sometimes encircled at the periphery with a black band; aper- ture lunar-circular, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas; Macgillivray. A yellowish horny-looking shell, but of solid structure, broadly openly umbilicated, sometimes dark-banded at the periphery. Species 1395. (Mus. Cuming.) Hxuix consuL. Hel. testa vir umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, pellucido-corned, nitente, eximié oblique striata, striis minutissimis spiralibus decussata ; spird convexo-ob- tusd ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis ; apertura late lu- nari, labro simplici. THe consut Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, thin, transparent-horny, shining, delicately obliquely striated, and decussated with very minute spiral strie ; spire convexly obtuse ; whorls six, rather flat; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. PreirFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo. A simple horny species, very closely allied to H. tro- glodytes, more shining and slightly varying in form. Helix, Pl. CYCLIN. ig HELIX. Piate CXCIX. Species 1396. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Actasa. Hel. testé vir umbilicaté, depress, pel- lucido-corned, lutescente, nitidissimd, spire suturd sub- impressd, tenuimaryinatd ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis, Juxta suturam obsolet2 plicatis ; apertura late lunari, labro simplici. Tue AGtasa Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, transparent-horny, yellowish, very shining, suture of the spire rather impressed, finely margined ; whorls six, rounded, obsoletely plicated next the su- ture ; aperture broadly lunar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hah. Sarawak, Borneo. A very shining horny species, obsoletely plicated next the suture, which is finely margined. Species 1397. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX VALLIcoLA. Hel. testa angusté umbilicata, de- pressd, pellucido-corned, sordide olivaced, nitidissimd ; spird planulatd ; suturd impressd, tenuimarginat ; anfractibus quingue, parum convexis, ad suturam ob- solete plicatis ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. Tue TRENcH Hewix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, de- pressed, transparent-horny, dull olive, very shining ; spire flat; suture impressed, finely margined ; whorls five, but little convex, obsoletely plicated at the su- ture ; aperture lunar, lip simple. PreiFrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Koondah Mountains, near Calicut, India; Pirrie. Very similar to the preceding Borneo species, but com- posed of fewer ‘whorls more flatly convoluted. Species 1398. (Mus. Cuming.) Hex Isvensis. Hel. testd vir minute umbilicaté, tro- chiformi, tenui, pallide corned, oblique subtilissime striatd ; spird acute conicd ; anfractibus septem, pla- nulatis, ultimo acutissimé filocarinato, basi convexo ; apertura latd angulato-lunari, labro simplici. Tue Ipu Hexrx. Shell scarcely minutely umbilicated, trochus-shaped, thin, pale horny, obliquely very finely striated; spire sharply conical; whorls seven, rather flat, the last very sharply thread-keeled, convex at the base ; aperture broadly angularly lunar, lip simple. ; Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab, Ibu. A transparent horny shell, of sharply trochoid form, finely obliquely thread-striated throughout. Species 1399. (Mus. Cuming.) Hevix paveata. Hel. testd angust2 obtect2 umbilicata, globosd, tenuiculd, cretaceo-albd, undique corrugato- granaté aut paleatd ; spird subobtusd; suturd dis- tinctaé ; anfractibus quatuor, ad suturam subdescen- dentibus, convexis, ultimo antice deflero; apertura circulari, labro simplici, margine columellari reflexo. THE WATTLED He rx. Shell with a narrow covered um- bilicus, globose, rather thin, chalk-white, everywhere wrinkled-grained or wattled; spire rather obtuse ; suture distinct; whorls four, a little descending at the suture, convex, the last deflected in front; aper- ture circular, lip simple, columellar margin reflected. Hab. Banks of Swan River, Australia ; Bacon. A light globose chalk-white species, peculiarly wrinkle- grained or wattled throughout. Species 1400. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Tunetana. Hel. testa subampliter profundé um- bilicatd, depressd, solidd, ferrugineo-alba, cretaced, ru- diter corrugato-granulald ; spird vix elevatd, apice planatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planis, ad peripheriam carinatis, carina compresso-exsertd et erecta, anfractu ultimo, basi declivi-convexo ; apertura oblique angu- lato-lunari, labro reflexo. Tue Tunistan Hewrx. Shell rather largely deeply um- bilicated, depressed, solid, rusty-white, chalky, rudely wrinkle-grained; spire scarcely raised, flat at the apex; whorls four, flat, keeled at the periphery, keel compressly exserted and turned up, last whorl slant- ingly convex at the base; aperture obliquely angu- larly lunar, lip reflected. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 70. Hab. Environs of Tunis. Though of such very different form from the preceding December, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CXCIX. Australian species, there is a peculiar typical resemblance | THe Bee Hetxrx. in the sculpture and substance of the shell. Species 1401. (Mus. Cuming.) He.tx pettucipa. Hel. testd angusté umbilicatd, de- pressd, subtus convexd, tenui, pellucido-corned, pallide stramined, supra minutissime granulata, infra levigatd, nitente ; spird plano-convexd, ad suturam marginata ; anfractibus quingue, planulatis, ad peripheriam an- gulato-carinatis, deinde rotundatis; apertura angu- lato-lunari, labro simplici. THE TRANSPARENT HELIX. depressed, convex beneath, thin, transparent-horny, light straw-colour, above very minutely granuled, be- neath smooth and shining; spire flatly convex, mar- gined at the suture; whorls five, flattened, angularly keeled at the periphery, then rounded; aperture an- gularly lunar, lip simple. GouLp, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S. 1843, p. 157. Hab. West Africa. The upper surface of this delicate straw-coloured horny shell is beautifully densely granulated throughout, but so minutely so as not to be discernible without a lens. Species 1402. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX APIA. conoided, sublenticulari, dense arcuatim striata, lutes- cente, fascia castaned angustd interdum cingulaté ; spird plano-convexa ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, de- clivibus, ad peripheriam acute compresso-carinatis ; aperturd oblique securiformi, labro simplici. Shell narrowly umbilicated, | Hel. testé profundé umbilicatd, depresso- | Shell deeply umbilicated, depressly conoid, somewhat lens-shaped, densely arcuately stri- ated, yellowish, sometimes encircled with a narrow chestnut band; spire flatly convex; whorls five to six, slanting, sharply compressly keeled at the peri- phery ; aperture obliquely hatchet-shaped, lip simple. HomsBron and Jacaurnot, Voy. au Pole Sud, pl. 7. f. 9. Hab, Island of Annaton, New Hebrides; Macgillivray. A semitransparent horny shell, but of very solid sub- stance, depressly slantingly conoid, sharply compressly keeled at the periphery, and a little excavated round the umbilicus. Species 1403. (Mus. Cuming.) Heirx tomentosa. Hel. testa profundé umbilicata, sub- globosd, tenui, superficie quasi tomentosa, cinnamomea ; spird brevi, obtusa; suturd impressd; anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo subinflato, circa umbilicum compresso ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro reflezo, carneo. Tue wootty Hexrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, subglo- bose, thin, the surface as though woolly, cinnamon- coloured; spire short, obtuse; suture impressed ; whorls five, convex, the last rather inflated, com- pressed round the umbilicus; aperture rotundately lunar, lip reflected, flesh-tinged. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo. A delicate cinnamon-coloured subglobose shell, with a rather broad flesh-tinged reflected lip and minutely hairy surface. 1705 a 14006 1404 1408 << 1409 Enlarged One Half } Helix, PL. CC. wl HELIX. Piate CC. Species 1404. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix ruruna. Hel. testd profunde umbilicatd, conoideo- depressa, lenui, diaphand, obscuré plicato-striatd, ru- fuld@ aut pallidé olivaced, spire suturd impressa ; an- Sractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis ; apertura ro- tundato-lunari, labro tenui, vix expanso. Tne reppish Herrx. Shell deeply umbilicated, co- noidly depressed, thin, diaphanous, obscurely pli- cately striated, reddish or pale olive, suture of the spire impressed; whorls four to five, convex; aper- ture rotundately lunar, lip thin, scarcely expanded. PrEIFFER, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1849, p. 160. Hah. Jamaica. A simply convoluted horny shell, more frequently trans- parent olive or green than reddish. Species 1405. (Pig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Heirx Fount. Hel. testa minut2 umbilicata, trochi- Sormi, diaphand, nitente, albidd vel rufuld, filis seti- geris distantibus obscuré decussatd ; spird acute co- nicd ; suturd tenuimarginatd ; anfractibus septem, planulatis, ultimo acute angulato-carinato, basi con- vexo-tumido ; aperturd parum obliqud, angulato-lu- nari, labro simplici, margine columellart breviter re- Jflexo. Foutn’s Hexrx. Shell minutely umbilicated, trochus- shaped, diaphanous, shining, whitish or reddish, ob- scurely decussated with distant bristly threads; spire sharply conical; suture finely margined; whorls seven, flattened, the last sharply angularly keeled, convexly swollen at the base; aperture a little ob- lique, angularly lunar, lip simple, columellar margin shortly reflected. More et, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1848, p. 352. Badem var. Helix talcosa, Gould. Hab. Prince’s Island, West Africa; Folin. A diaphanous trochiform species, curiously decussated with somewhat distant fine threads of bristles. Species 1406. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix Serusauensis. Hel. testd profund2 perspective umbilicaté, depresso-lenticulari, solidd, confertim ar- cuatim lamelloso-costald, pallide stramined, subopacd ; spird viz elevatd; anfractibus quingue ad sex, pla- nulatis, exsertis, serrulato-carinatis ; apertura oblique securiformi, labro leviter expanso, intus labiato. Tne SetusaL Hexrx. Shell deeply perspectively um- bilieated, compressly lens-shaped, solid, closely ar- cuately lamella-ribbed, pale straw-colour, subopake ; spire scarcely raised; whorls five to six, flat, ex- serted, serrulately keeled ; aperture obliquely hatchet- shaped, lip slightly expanded, edged within. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 88. Heliz serrula, Morelet. Hab. Setubal, Portugal. A solid lens-shaped shell, of an opake straw-colour, curiously lamella-ribbed throughout. Species 1407. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx stncutaris. Hel. testé sinistrali, anguste pro- fund? umbilicatd, pyramidali-trochiformi, solidiusculd, oblique tenuistriatd, castaneo-brunnea ; spird concavo- conicd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, ultimo acute an- gulato-carinato, basi concero; apertura perobliqué ovata, labro expanso-reflexo, albicante, marginibus ap- proximatis. Tue siNcutAR Hewrx. Shell sinistral, narrowly deeply umbilicated, pyramidally trochiform, rather solid, obliquely finely striated, chestnut-brown ; spire con- cavely conical; whorls six to seven, the last sharply angularly keeled, convex at the base; aperture very obliquely ovate, lip expandedly reflected, whitish, with the margins approximating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Koondah Mountains, near Calicut, India. A sharply conical deep brown shell, curiously reversed, with the aperture unusually obliquely ovate. Species 1408. (Mus. Cuming.) Heuix systropua. Tiel. testd perampliter apertd wnbili- cata, compresso-discoided, livido-corned, nitente ; spird pland ; suturd canaliculata ; anfractibus undecim, per- angustis, ad suturam obsolet2 plicato-striatis ; aper- turd verticali-lunari, pared, labro subincrassato. Tue compacTty rotLep Hextx. Shell very largely openly umbilicated, compressly discoid, livid horny, December, 1854. HELIX.—P tare CC. shining ; spire flat; suture channelled; whorls eleven, spird obluso-convera ; anfractibus quingue, converius- very harrow, obsoletely plicately striated; aperture culis, infra rotundatis ; aperturd oblique lunari, labro vertically lunar, small, lip slightly thickened. simplici. Ausers, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1854. Tue AnNaTON Hexrx. Shell rather deeply subperspec- Hab. Banks of the Maraiion River, Columbia. tively umbilicated, depressed, transparent-horny, shining; spire obtusely convex ; whorls five, slightly Singularly characterized by its numerous discoidal re Seer ene convex, rounded beneath; aperture obliquely lunar, closely convoluted whorls. lip simple. St Sie ae PreirFeER, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Species 1409, (Mus. Cuming.) Hab, Isle of Annaton, New Hebrides; Macgillivray. HeLix ANNATONENSIS. Hel. test@ subprofundé subper- A transparent horny species, of simple growth, of few spective umbilicatd, depress, pellucido-corned, nitente; | whorls, with a rather conspicuous umbilicus. fetta M16 14465 er ( Enlarged 2 Ad Diameters Nelia PL CCT. HELIX. Puate CCI. Species 1410. (Mus. Cuming.) HeELix oLzosa. Hel. tesld vir umbilicatd, depressa, fusco- corned; spird subconvera ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, planulatis, infra medio subexcavatis ; aper- turd oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue orLy Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressed, brownish-horny ; spire slightly convex; whorls four to five, flat, rather excavated below about the middle ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fir Malac. 1850, p- 69. Hab. Ibu, West Africa. A small horny species, scarcely umbilicated, but rather excavated about the base. Species 1411. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexix crmex. Hel. testé subampliter aperté umbilicatd, discoided, subtilissimé striata, sordidé olivaceo-corneé ; spird planiusculd ; sulurd impressd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis, lenté accrescentibus ; apertura parod, rotundato-lunari, labro simplici. Tae Buc Hexrx. Shell rather largely openly umbili- cated, discoid, very finely striated, dull olive-horny ; spire rather flat ; suture impressed ; whorls five, con- vex, increasing slowly; aperture small, rotundately lunar, lip simple. PreIFrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. November, 1854. Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, New Hebrides; Cuming. A minute dull horny species, simply convoluted, with a rather open umbilicus. Species 1412. (Mus, Cuming.) Heiix Perrorrert. pellucido-corned, nitente; spird brevissime subturbi- naté ; anfractibus quingue, declivi-convezis, basi sub- depressis ; apertura verticali-lunari, labro simplici. Perrorret’s Hevix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressed, transparent-horny, shining ; spire very shortly subturbinated ; whorls five, slantingly convex, rather depressed at the base; aperture vertically lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November 1854. Hab. Neilgherry Hills, India; Perrottet. Hel. testé vix umbilicatd, depressa, Distinguished by a flat gently turbinated spire and rather flattened base. Species 1413. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Pryicona. Hel. testd late perspective umbilicata, depressit, densé costulato-striatd, luteo-fuscescente, li- neis rufis acute undatis pictd, maculisque rufis juxta suturam ; spird pland ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis; aperturd lunato-circulari, labro simplici, marginihus approximatis. Tue Isxe or Prnes Heuix. Shell broadly perspectively umbilicated, depressed, densely rib-like striated, yel- lowish-brown, painted with sharply zigzag red lines, and red blotches next the suture; spire flat; suture impressed ; whorls five, convex; aperture lunar-cir- cular, lip simple, margins approximating. Pretrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November 1854. Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas; Macgillivray. A subdiscoid largely umbilicated shell, densely seulp- tured with rib-like stria, and conspicuously painted with red zigzag lines and spots. Species 1414. (Mus. Cuming.) Hetrx Proserprnuna. el. testd imperforata, depressa, pellucido-vitred, virescente-luted, nitente ; spird con- vero-planatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, de- clivi-convexis, infra excavatis; apertura diagonali, oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue Proserrrna-Like Hexrx. Shell imperforated, de- pressed, transparent glassy, greenish-yellow, shining ; spire convexly flattened; whorls four to five, slant- ingly convex, excavated beneath; aperture diagonal, obliquely lunar, lip simple. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1851. p. 128. Proserpina discoidea, Adams. Hab, Jamaica. A somewhat glassy horny species, with the lower mar- gin of the aperture running diagonally, as in Proserpinula, to the seat of the columella. Species 1415. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx EGENuLA. Hel. testa minutd umbilicata, depressa, December, 1854, HELIX.—Puarte CCI. subglobosd, lutescente-corned, nitente; spird parum elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, declivi-con- vexis, basi subplanulatis ; aperturaé oblique lunari, labro simplici. THE DistRESSED Hex. Shell minutely umbilicated, depressly subglobose, yellowish-horny, shining ; spire but little raised; whorls four to five, slantingly con- vex, rather flat at the base; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. MoreExet, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 351. Hab, Senegal. A subtransparent yellowish-horny shell, minutely um- bilicated. Species 1416. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix Perronetta. Tel. testd angusté aperte umbili- cata, superné distineté et confertim plicatuld, virente- hyalind ; spird convexiusculd ; suturd impressd, sub- marginata ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo depress? rotundato ; aperturaé parum obliqud, lunato- rotundata, labro simplici. Tue Perronetia Herix. Shell narrowly openly um- bilicated, distinctly and closely plicated at the upper part, greenish-hyaline; spire rather convex; suture impressed, slightly margined; whorls four, rather flat, the last depressly rounded; aperture a little ob- lique, lunar-rounded, lip simple. CHARPENTIER, MSS. Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. viv. vol. iii. p- 95. Hab, On the summit of the Swiss Alps. A minute horny species, of extremely rare occurrence. Species 1417. (Mus, Cuming.) HELIX INPANS. Hel. testa vix umbilicatd, depresso-sub- | globosd, soliduld, laevigata, nitente, corned ; spird con- verd; suturd subimpressd et distinct? marginatéa ; anfractibus quingue, convexiusculis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici, rufulo. THe mNrant Hewrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly subglobose, rather solid, smooth, shining, horny ; spire convex, with a suture rather impressed and distinctly marginated ; whorls five, slightly con- vex ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple, reddish. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November 1854. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo. A depressly globose horny shell, with a finely margined suture. Species 1418. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix costunirera. el. testd ampliter aperte umbi- licatd, depresso-discoided, dens? arcuatim costellato- striatd, fuscescente, rufo maculata et strigata ; spira pland ; anfractibus quingue, parum convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam obsolete angulato, basi planato ; aper- turd fere circulari, labro simplici, marginibus approxi- matis. THE FINELY-RIBBED Heutx. Shell largely openly um- bilicated, depressly discoid, densely arcuately rib-like striated, brownish, spotted and streaked with red ; spire flat; whorls five, but little convex, the last obsoletely angled at the periphery, flat at the base ; aperture nearly circular, lip simple, margins approxi- mating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. November 1854. Hab. Xsle of Pines, Australian Seas; Macgillivray. Of the same peculiar type as H. Pinicola, from the same locality, more flatly compressed. Welty Pl. CCH ee al +, ee HELIX. Prate CCII. Species 1419. (Mus, Cuming.) Heirx parapoxa. Tel. testa imperforatd, globoso-de- pressd, oblique ruguloso-striatd, virescente-flavd, apice nigro-violaced, area columellari saturald castaned ; anfractibus quingue, planiusculis, ultimo irregulart, lateraliter compressa ; apertura lunari-elliptica, labro albo, late reflexo, margine basali appress? tuberculato. THe parapoxicaL Hexrix. Shell imperforated, glo- bosely depressed, obliquely rugulosely striated, greenish-yellow, black-violet at the apex, columellar area dark chestnut; whorls five, rather flat, the last irregular, rather compressed at the side; aperture lunar-elliptic, lip white, broadly reflected, basal mar- gin appressly tuberculated. PreirFeER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 39. Hab. \sland of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. A solid pale yellowish-green shell, distinguished by a blackish-violet apex, and by the presence of a dark chest- nut blotch in the region of the columella. Species 1420. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Ceynanica. Hel. testé vir umbilicatd, subglo- boso-depressd, superne granulato-decussatd, diaphand, parum nitidd, rubello-corned, infra levigatd, nitente, pallidé olivaced, ad peripheriam lined castaned cingu- latd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, convexis ; aper- tur oblique lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam bre- viter reflexo. Tue Cryton Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sub- globosely depressed, granulately decussated at the upper part, diaphanous, but little shining, reddish- horny, smooth and shining, pale olive beneath, en- circled round the periphery with a single chestnut line; whorls four to five, convex ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple, shortly reflected at the columella. Prerrrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1850, p. 67. Hab. Ceylon. Arranged by Dr. Pfeiffer as a variety of I. distrialis, but subsequently separated by him from that species. Species 1421. (Mus. Cathcart.) Heurx triumpnaus. Hel. lestd imperforatd, globoso- turbinatd, oblique irregulariter plicato-striatd, albd, Sasciis tribus latis castaneo-brunneis cingulata, quarum inferiore ad basin diffusd ; anfractibus quingue ad sex, convexiusculis, ultimo anticd paululum deflexo ; aper- turd oblique lunari, labro albo, lat2 reflexo, margine columellari calloso, late appresso. Tue TRIuMPHANT Hexrx. Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, obliquely irregularly plicately striated, white, encircled with three broad chestnut-brown bands, of which the lower overspreads the base; whorls five to six, rather convex, the last a little de- flected in front; aperture obliquely lunar, lip white, broadly reflected, columellar margin callous, broadly appressed. Hab. ? A fine new and unique species, in the collection of the Hon. Mrs. Macadam Cathcart. Species 1422. (Mus. Taylor.) Hewix princeps. Hel. testd imperforata, oblongo-tur- binatd, solidd, tumidiusculd, tenuissimé ruguloso-stri- atd, flavicante, apice purpurascente, epidermide tenut hydrophand indutd ; apertura lunato-ovali, labro tenue refleco, margine columellari appresso-tuberculato, cal- loso, stricto. Tne Prince Heurx. Shell imperforated, oblong-tur- binated, solid, rather swollen, very finely rugulosely striated, yellowish, purple at the apex, covered with a slight hydrophanous epidermis; aperture lunar- oval, lip thinly reflected, columellar margin appressly tubercled, callous, drawn out. 9 Hab. This shell, collected by Sir Edward Belcher in the voy- age of the Samarang, is probably from one of the Philippine Islands. It is allied to Z/. coccomelos, but of a more de- cided oblong-turbinated form, with the columellar margin more appressly callously drawn out. Species 1423. (Mus. Taylor.) Heurx Amputtariomes. el. testd excavate subanguate umbilicaté, sinistrali, depresso-globosd, lenuiculd, irre- gulariter striatd, livido-cinered ; spird obtuse depressa ; anfractibus quingue, convexis ; aperturé lunato-circu- lari, labro simplici, marginibus approximatis, lamina tenuissima callosé junctis. December, 1854. HELIX.—Puare CCII. THe AMPULLARIA-LIKE Hexrx. Shell excavately rather narrowly umbilicated, sinistral, depressly globose, rather thin, irregularly striated, livid ash; spire ob- tusely depressed; whorls five, convex ; aperture lunar-cireular, lip simple, margins approximating, joined by a very thin callous lamina. Hab. Neilgherry Hills; Jerdon. A fine reversed species, with very much the aspect of Ampullaria perversa, collected at the above locality by Dr. Jerdon. Species 1424. (Mus. Taylor.) Hewix spectrum. Hel. testa perangusté umbilicatd, plano- conoided, basi late depressd, arcuatim tenuistriatd, alba, fascia angusté centrali lineisque perpaucis re- motis castaneo-rufis cingulatd ; spird brevi, apice sub- acuta ; anfractibus quingue, convexo-declivibus, ob- soleté carinatis, ultimo anticée deflexo, ad aperturam oblique producto ; apertura lunato-elliplica, fauce ni- tente-albia, labro ampliter expanso-reflexo, margine co- lumellari suberecto, ad umbilicum calloso et latissimé dilatato-appresso. Tue spectre Hexrx. Shell very narrowly umbilicated, flatly conoid, broadly depressed at the base, arcuately finely striated, white, encircled with a narrow chest- nut-red band and a few distant lines; spire short, rather sharp at the apex; whorls five, convexly slanting, obsoletely keeled, last whorl a little de- flected in front, obliquely produced at the aperture ; aperture lunar- elliptic, shining white within, lip largely expandedly reflected, columellar margin’ sub- erect, callous, and very broadly dilately appressed at the umbilicus. ? Hab. A delicately pencilled and very characteristic species, perfectly distinct from any other of the genus, from the collection of Thomas Lombe Taylor, Esq. Species 1425. (Mus. Taylor.) HELIX OVI-vITELLUS. Hel. testé viz umbilicatd, depresso- conoided, oblique ruguloso-striata, roseo-vitellind, ni- tente, ad suturas albida ; spird obtusd ; anfractibus quingque, convexo-declivibus, ad suturas tenue margina- tis ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. Tue EGG-yYELK Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- pressly conoid, obliquely rugulosely striated, rose- yelk, shining, whitish at the sutures; spire obtuse; whorls five, convexly slanting, finely margined at the sutures ; aperture lunar, lip simple. Hab. Amboyna. This shell also appears to be distinct from any hitherto described species. Vp 0 a Helix, Fl. CCT. HELIX. Puate CCIIL. Species 1426. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX EXTENSA. Hel. test imperforatd, subglobosd, dens? plicato-striald, sub epidermide decidud fulvescente- albd, interdum diaphano-albé ; spird brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, ultimo convexo, in- flato, ad aperturam obliqué extenso ; aperturd lunato- ovali, tenué reflexd, ad columellam subcallosd. THE DRaWN-ovur Hetrx. Shell imperforated, subglo- bose, densely plicately striated, fulvous white be- neath a deciduous epidermis, sometimes diaphanous white; spire short, obtuse; whorls four, rather flat, the last convex, inflated, obliquely drawn out at the aperture ; aperture lunar-oval, thinly reflected, rather callous at the columella. Mutter, Vermes, vol. ii. p. 60. Hab. Moluccas. A light, rather inflated shell, with the last whorl ob- liquely enlarged at the aperture. Species 1427. (Mus. Cathcart.) Hextx Catucartx. Hel. testd ampliter excavate umbi- licatd, plano-orbiculari, depressissimad, arcuatim ru- guloso-striatd, rubello-corned ; anfractibus sex, superné planatis, ad suturas tenuimarginatis, ad peripheriam acuté compressé carinatis, infra converis ; apertura compresse securiformi, labro simplici. Catucarr’s Hexix. Shell largely excavately umbili- cated, flatly orbicular, very depressed, arcuately ru- gulosely striated, reddish-horny ; whorls six, flat at the upper part, finely margined at the sutures, sharply compressly keeled at the periphery, convex beneath ; aperture compressly hatchet-shaped, lip simple. Hab. Island of Typinsan, Meiacoshimas. This interesting species, distinctly intermediate in its characters between I. Mackensii and horiomphala, 1 have the pleasure of naming after the Hon. Mrs. Macadam Cathcart, by the aid of whose specimen I have been able to identify other specimens collected by Sir Edward Belcher, in the Samarang, and now in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. Species 1428, (Mus. Cathcart.) HeLIx MERA. Jel. testa vie umbilicatd, depress? orbicu- lari, corned, subdiaphand, arcuatim ruguloso-striald, epidermide tenuissima olivaced ; spird plano-conveza ; anfractibus quingue, acut2 carinatis, infra convexo- tumidis ; aperturé angulato-lunari, labro simplici, ad columellam brevissimé reflexo. Tue PLAIN Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, depressly orbicular, horny, subdiaphanous, arcuately rugu- losely striated, with a very thin olive epidermis ; spire flatly convex; whorls five, sharply keeled, con- vexly tumid beneath; aperture angularly lunar, lip simple, very shortly reflected at the columella. Hab, ? Of somewhat similar texture to the preceding species, more tumid below the periphery, and only minutely um- bilicated. Species 1429. (Mus. Taylor.) Heirx cromyopes. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso- globosd, lenuissima, semipellucidd, olivaceo-fulrd aut virescente, ad apicem et suturas purpurascente, fascia angusta epidermidis hydrophane interdum ad periphe- riam cingulatd ; spird obtusa; anfractibus quatuor, ultimo subamplo, inflato ; apertura lunato-ovali, labro tenué reflexo, purpurascente. Tue ONION-LIKE Heix. Shell imperforated, depressly globose, very thin, semi-transparent, olive-fulvous or greenish, purple at the apex and in the sutures, sometimes encircled at the periphery with a yellow band of hydrophanous epidermis; spire obtuse ; whorls four, the last rather large and inflated; aper- ture lunar-oval, lip thinly reflected, purplish. PreirreEr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 150. Hab. Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. This species, which I formerly regarded as a variety of HT. coccomelos, I now believe to be distinct. It is of lighter structure, and uniformly of a more depressly in- flated form. Species 1430. (Mus. Cuming.) Hleuix Buseur. Hel. testa imperforata, globoso-conoidea, tenuissimé striata, c@rulescente-alba vel spadiceo-ci- trind; anfractibus quinque ad sex, plano-convexis ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro tenué reflero, mar- gine columellari recto, subcalloso. Buscu’s Herx. Shell imperforated, globosely conoid, December, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CCIII. very finely striated, blue-white or fawn-yellow ; whorls five to six, flatly convex; aperture rotundately lunar, lip thinly reflected, columellar margin straight and rather callous. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 126. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippine Islands. Collected in large quantities by Captain Sir Edward Belcher, in the voyage of the Samarang. Species 1431. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewrx Ceciuie1. Hel. testa subampliter profundé umbi- licata, orbiculari, tumidiusculd, arcuatim densé striata, et granulatd, fulvo-fusca, fasciis duabus castaneis cin- gulatd ; spird obtuse convexd ; anfractibus sex, ultimo rotundato, antice paululum deflexo ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari, labro sublate reflexo, purpurascente, mar- ginibus approximatis. Crecrtte’s Hetrx. Shell rather largely deeply umbili- cated, orbicular, rather tumid, arcuately densely stri- ated, and granulated, fulvous-brown, encircled with two chestnut bands; spire obtusely convex ; whorls six, the last rounded, a little deflected in front ; aper- ture rotundately lunar, lip rather broadly reflected, purplish, with the margins approximating. Puriert, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1849, p. 82. Hab. Tien Tong, China; Admiral Cecile. This fine species was collected in the China Seas by Captain Sir E. Belcher and by the above-named Admiral of the French Navy about the same time. Species 1432. (Mus. Cuming.) Herx consrricra. el. testa imperforatd, semiglobosa, solidd, oblique striata, striis spiralibus minutissimis decussatd, flavicante-albd, fasciis duabus fuscescenti- bus cingulatd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, con- vexis, ultimo ad basin subexcavaté planato, anticé su- bito deflexo, constricto ; aperturé subcoarctato-lunari, labro expanso-reflexo, marginibus approrimatis, basali calloso. Tue consrricrep Hex. Shell imperforated, semi- globose, solid, obliquely striated, decussated with very minute spiral striw, yellowish-white, encircled with two light-brown bands; whorls four to five, convex, the last rather excavately flattened at the base, suddenly deflected in front, and drawn out; aperture rather contractedly lunar, lip expandedly reflected, margins approximating, basal margin cal- lous. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 39. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its simple belt of two light- brown bands, one above the periphery and the other below it. Species 1433. (Mus. Cuming.) Hexrx Minoricensis. Hel. testé imperforatd, orbicu- lato-convexd, albidaé vel lutescente, fasciis fuscis plus minus undato-interruptis cingulata ; anfractibus quin- que, plano-convexis, ultimo anticé deflexo; apertura subquadrato-lunari, viz reflero, intus labiato, mar- ginibus subapproximnatis, columellari calloso-dilatato. Tae Minorca Hexrx. Shell imperforated, orbicularly convex, whitish or yellowish, encircled with more or less zigzag interrupted brown bands; whorls five, slightly convex, the last deflected in front; aperture somewhat squarely lunar, scarcely reflected, edged within, margins rather approximated, columellar mar- gin callously dilated. Mairrre, Annales des Sci. Nat. vol. xviii. p. 188. Hab. (sland of Minorca. Of the true European type, encircled with close-set broad brown bands, broken more or less with zigzag marks of the yellow ground. Helix, PL COIN. bw —_ HELIX. Puate CCIV. Species 1434, (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX aRGENTEA. Hel. testd vir umbilicald, acute co- nica, minutissime decussatim striata, corned, vivide castaned, fascia tenui aryented epidermidis ad periphe- riam anfractuum late cingulala ; spird subobtusd ; an- Sractibus quinque, concavo-planatis, ad peripheriam acute angulato-carinatis ; aperturé subsecuriformi, la- bro simplici. Tue sttvery Herx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, sharply conical, very minutely decussately striated, horny, bright chestnut, broadly encircled at the periphery of the whorls with a thin silvery band of epidermis ; spire rather obtuse; whorls five, concavely flattened, sharply angularly keeled at the periphery ; aperture somewhat hatchet-shaped, lip simple. Hab. Mauritius ; Barclay. A light sharply conical species, of bright chestnut- horny substance, encircled about the periphery, and in some specimens almost wholly enveloped with a thin silvery epidermis-like deposit, distinct in character from any hitherto recorded species. Received from Sir David Barclay, of Port Louis, Mauritius. Species 1435. (Mus. Cuming.) Heix Sinairensis. Hel. testa perampliter excavato- umbilicatd, orbiculato-converd, arcuatim dens? striatd, striis elevatis ; spird oblusd, acute marginata ; anfrac- tibus septem, convero-declivibus, ad peripheriam cari- natis ; apertura angulato-lunari, labro simplici. Tue Stnait Heurx. Shell very largely excavately um- bilicated, orbicularly convex, arcuately densely stri- ated, striw raised; spire obtuse, finely margined ; whorls seven, convexly slanting, keeled at the peri- phery ; aperture angularly lunar, lip simple. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 129. Hab. Sinait, Province of Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philip- pines ; Cuming. Singularly distinguished by its very large and deeply excavated umbilicus. Species 1436. (Mus. Cuming.) Hewix pestituta. Hel. testa subampliter profunde win- bilicatd, globoso-depressd, striatuld, opaco-alha, apice obtuso, corneo ; anfractibus quingue, rotundatis ; aper- turd oblique circulari, labro simplici. Tne pestituTe Hexrx. Shell rather largely deeply um- bilicated, globosely depressed, finely striated, opake- white, apex obtuse, horny; whorls five, rounded ; aperture obliquely circular, lip simple. Cuarpentier, Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic. vol. iii. p. 130. Hat. Abruzzi Mountains, Italy. A simple globosely turbinated opake blue-white shell, with a rather conspicuous umbilicus. Species 1437. (Mus. Saul.) Hewrx piuicosta. lel. testd subobtectd umbilicata, de- presso-globosd, regulariter filicostatd, carneo-albd, fascia rufuld dilutd lineisque cingulata ; anfractihus quatuor ad quingue, concexis, ultimo antice subito de- jfiexo ; aperturd lunato-circulari, labro expanso, intus incrassato, marginibus approximatis, columella pallide castaneo-roseo tincta. THE THREAD-RIBBED Hetix. Shell with a nearly co- vered umbilicus, depressly globose, regularly thread- ribbed, flesh-white, encircled with a faint reddish band and lines; whorls four to five, convex, the last suddenly deflected in front; aperture lunar-circular, lip expanded, thickened inwardly, margins approxi- mating, columella stained with light chestnut-rose. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 73. Hah, ——? Beautifully sculptured throughout, after the manner of some of the smaller species of Scalaria, with fine sub- transparent thread-like ribs. : Species 1438. (Mus. Taylor.) Heurx Prryonestca. Hel. testd oblect2 umbilicata, glo- boso-turbinatd, solidiusculd, spiraliter sulcato-striata, sordidd fuled, fascia angusld rufuld cingulatd ; spird subobtusd ; anfractibus quingue, converis, ultimo an- tice subito deflexo ; apertura oblongo-lunari, horizon- tali, labro calloso-refleco, marginibus subapproximatis. Tus Prryonest Hertrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globosely turbinated, rather solid, spirally groove- striated, dull fulvous, encircled with a narrow red band ; spire rather obtuse; whorls five, convex, the December, 1854. HELIX.—P ate CCIV. last suddenly deflected in front; aperture oblong- lunar, horizontal, lip callously reflected, with the margins rather approximating. Prerrren, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1854, p. 156. Hab. A solid groove-striated shell, with a covered umbilicus, and callously reflected lip. ° Species 1439. (Mus. Taylor.) Hewix corytus. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, convezo-de- pressa, infra concaviusculd, olivaceo-castaned, sub- corned, dense subtiliter costellato-striatd ; spira ob- tusd, suturd impressd; anfractibus quingue ; aper- turd laté lunari, labro simplici. Tue nur Hexix. Shell scarcely umbilicated, convexly depressed, rather concave beneath, olive-chestnut, somewhat horny, densely finely rib-striated; spire obtuse, with the suture impressed ; whorls five; aper- ture broadly lunar, lip simple. Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Gardner. An olive-chestnut horny shell, of rather solid growth, densely finely rib-striated throughout, with scarcely any umbilicus. Species 1440. (Mus. Taylor.) Hexrx vircuLata. Hel. testa subangusté excavato-um- bilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, corned, supra sordid? olivaced et dense costellato-striatd, infra virescente- olivaced, politissima, fascia angusta rufa infra peri- pheriam, et circa umbilicum rufa; spird subobtusa ; anfractibus sex, declivi-convexis, medio angulato-cari- natis ; apertura laté lunari, labro vix incrassato. Tue striped Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly excavately umbilicated, depressly orbicular, horny, dirty-olive and densely rib-striated above, greenish-olive, highly polished below, with a narrow red band beneath the periphery, and red about the umbilicus; spire rather obtuse; whorls six, slantingly convex, angularly keeled in the middle; aperture broadly lunar, lip slightly thickened. SowerBy, Moll. Beechey’s Voyage of the Blossom, p. 144, pl. 38. f. 9. Hab, -—— ? A solid, though transparent horny shell, of which the upper and lower portions present a characteristic contrast ; one dull and roughly rib-striated, the other bright, smooth, and shining. Species 1441. (Mus. Cuming.) Heurx vinis. Tel. testd subanguste profunde umbilicata, depresso-globosa, granuloso-striatd, corned; spird brevi; anfractibus quinque, converis, ultimo antice deflexo ; aperturd circulari, labro subexpanso, intus validé labiato, marginibus fere approximatis. Tue worrness Hexix. Shell rather narrowly deeply umbilicated, depressly globose, granulously striated, horny; spire short; whorls five, convex, the last de- flected in front; aperture circular, lip a little ex- panded, strongly edged within, margins nearly ap- proximating. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Hab. ? A depressly globose dull horny species, with a very circular white-rimmed aperture. Species 1442. (Mus. Cuming.) HELIX ERICETORUM. el. testa aperté subperspectivé um- bilicata, depress, tenuistriata, albidé aut pallide fus- cescente, fusco varie fasciata et lineata; spird pla- natd ; anfractibus quinque, supra planatis, infra ro- tundatis, ultimo subdeflero ; apertura feré circulari, labro simplici. Tne neATH Hexrx. Shell openly subperspectively um- bilicated, depressed, finely striated, whitish or light brown, variously banded and lineated with brown ; spire flattened ; whorls five, flat above, rounded below, last whorl a little deflected ; aperture nearly circular, lip simple. Mutter, Vermes, vol. ii. p. 33. Helix striata, Miler. Helix nivea, Gmelin. Helix albella, Pennant. Helix erica, Da Costa. Hab. Europe. This well-known species is mainly distinguished from the equally common //. virgata by its larger umbilicus. Helix, Pl. CCV. = es HELIX. Puiate CCV. Species 1443. (Mus. Brit.) Hewix Parurer. Hel. testa imperforatd, subgloboso- depressd, tenui, tenue rugatd, nitida, pallide corned, pellucida, maculis viridibus irregulariter aspersd ; spird parum elevatd, obtusd; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo basi converiusculo, medio fascid angusté alba cingulatd, subincrassatd ; apertura lu- nari, labro simplici ; columella breviter arcuata. Tae Puri Istanp Hetrx. Shell imperforated, sub- globosely depressed, thin, slightly wrinkled, shining, pale horny, transparent, irregularly sprinkled with green spots; spire but little raised, obtuse ; whorls five, rather flat, then slightly convex at the base, en- circled round the middle with a narrow white band; aperture lunar, lip simple; columella shortly arched, rather thick. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 65. Hab. Phillip Island, Australia; Cunningham. An opake yellowish-horny shell, encircled with a nar- row whitish central band, and spotted promiscuously with curiously irregular dusky green spots. Species 1444. (Mus. Brit.) Hewrx Stvcrarri. Hel. testd laté umbilicatd, depressd, tenui, regulariter et confertim costulato-striatd, fulvo- flava, lineis rufis interruptis multifasciatd ; spird pla- nulaté ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, sutura levi- bus, disjunctis, ultimo depresso, antice valde deflexo ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-ovali, labro simplici, mar- ginibus approximatis. Sryciarr’s Hexrx. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, regularly and closely rib-striated, fulvous-yellow, banded with numerous interrupted red lines; spire rather flat; whorls four, flat, smooth and disjoined at the suture, the last depressed, very much deflected in front; aperture very oblique, lunar-oval, lip sim- ple, with the margins approximating. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 134. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land; Dr. Sinclair. Sarah Island ; Milligan. A bright green horny shell, encircled with dot-inter- rupted chestnut lines and bands; but chiefly remarkable for its beautiful close-set ribbed sculpture. Species 1445. (Mus. Brit.) Hewix pesvecta. Hel. testé angust2 umbilicatd, subglo- bos, tenui, rugoso-striata, flavido-fuscd ; spird pau- lulum elatd ; suturd profundd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo inflato; aperturd ampld, lunato-ro- tundata, labro simplici, intus subincrassato, margine columellari dilatato-reflexo, umbilicum semioccultante. Tue DEsPIsED Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, sub- globose, thin, roughly striated, yellowish-brown ; spire a little raised; suture deep; whorls five, con- vex, the last inflated; aperture large, Junar-rounded, lip simple, slightly thickened within, columellar mar- gin dilately reflected at the upper part, half-covering the umbilicus. Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 143. pl. 38. f. 5. Hab. ? A light straw-coloured horny species, of globose form and rather solid structure. Species 1446. (Mus. Brit.) Hewrx runcurata. Hel. testd mediocriter umbilicata, de- pressd, acute carinatd, lineis confertis regulariter de- cussatd, nitidd, fulvescente-albd, lineis rufis elegan- lissime fulguratd ; spird subplanulatd ; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, ultimo subtus fascia unicd rufa ornato, basi inflato, circa umbilicum anguste infundi- buliformem angulato; apertura subtriangulari, ni- tente-lividd, labro castaneo, marginibus callo castaneo introrsum diffuso junctis, supero subexpanso, basali re- flexo, cum columellari brevi, obliquo, angulum obtusum Sormante. THE LIGHTNING-MARKED Hetrx. Shell moderately um- bilicated, depressed, sharply keeled, regularly decus- sated with close-set lines, shining, yellowish-white, very elegantly zigzag-marked with yellowish lines ; spire rather flat; whorls four, flat, the last orna- mented beneath with a single red band, inflated at the base, angled around the umbilicus, which is narrowly funnel-shaped ; aperture somewhat triangular, shining livid, lip chestnut, margins joined by a chestnut cal- losity diffused inwardly, upper margin slightly ex- panded, basal reflected, with the columellar margin short and oblique, forming an obtuse angle. Sowersy, Malac. and Conch. Mag. vol. i. p. 47. Hab. ? This very remarkable shell, of which the peculiar form and colouring is well represented in the accompanying figures, has been for many years in the collection of the British Museum, no one knowing from whence it has come or from whom it was procured. No other spe- cimen has been seen. December, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CCV. Species 1447. (Mus. Brit.) Heurx Yuet. Hel. testéd umbilicaté, depresso-globosé, solidé, oblique striatuld, parum nitente, fuled, zonis latis nigricantibus ornald ; spird subconoided, apice subobtusd ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo anticé descendente, peripheria rotundato, basi planius- culo, umbilico infundibuliformi, saturate castaneo ; aperturé fere diagonali, lunato-subcirculari, labro ni- gro, marginibus conniventibus, laté expansis, columel- lari dilatato. Yure’s Heurx. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, solid, obliquely finely striated, but little shining, ful- yous, ornamented with broad blackish zones; spire subconoid, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls five, rather convex, the last descending in front, rounded at the periphery, rather flat at the base, umbilicus funnel-shaped, dark chestnut ; aperture almost dia- gonal, lunar-subcircular, lip black, margins approxi- mating, broadly expanded, columellar margin di- lated. Forbes, Voy. Rattlesnake, Appendix, p. 377. pl. 2. f. 6. Hab. Port Molle, Australia; Macgillivray. A dark purple-chestnut banded shell, allied to 2. Fraseri. Species 1448. (Mus. Brit.) Heiix BRUMERIENSIS. conicd, soliduld, sub lente subtilissimé granulatd, opaco- alba ; anfractibus quatuor, convexiusculis, ultimo an- ticd subdeflexo, peripherid subangulato, basi planius- culo, pone labrum strigd latd nigra ornato ; apertura ovato-oblongd, labro nigro, marginihus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, dextro sinuoso, late expanso, basali reflero, ad columellam dilatato, appresso. Tue Brumer Istanp Hewrx. Shell imperforated, glo- bosely conical, rather solid, very finely granulated beneath the lens, opake-white; whorls four, rather convex, the last a little deflected in front, slightly angled at the periphery, rather flat at the base, or- namented with a broad black streak behind the lip ; aperture ovately oblong, lip black, margins approxi- mating, joined by a thin callosity, right margin sinu- ous, broadly expanded, basal reflected, dilated and appressed at the columella. Fores, Voy. Rattlesnake, Appendix, p. 375. pl. 2. f. 1. Hab. Brumer Island, near New Guinea. Of a delicate pale straw-colour, intensely stained about the lip and its immediate vicinity with jet purple-black. Hel. testa imperforatd, globoso- | Species 1449. (Mus. Brit.) Hexrx Lovistrapensis. Hel. testé imperforatd, tenuius- culd, obliqué striatulé et obsolet2 granulatd, carned, strigis latis rufescentibus albido-cariegatis ornaté ; spird conoided, acutiusculd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, vie convexiusculis, ultimo conceriore, medio et basi fasciis latis albidis signato, anticé deflero, pone aperturam perobliquam subtetragonam constricto, labro nigro, margine dextro sinuoso, expanso, basali reflexo, versus columellam planato. Tue Lovistape Hexrx. Shell imperforated, trochus- shaped, rather thin, obliquely finely striated and ob- soletely granuled, flesh-tinted, ornamented with broad reddish streaks, variegated with white; spire conoid, rather sharp; whorls four to five, slightly convex, the last more convex, marked round the middle and at the base with broad whitish bands, deflected in front, constricted behind the aperture, which is very oblique and somewhat square, lip black, right margin sinuous, expanded, basal margin reflected, flattened towards the columella. Forses, Voy. Rattlesnake, Appendix, p. 376. pl. ii. f. 8. Hab. Louisiade Archipelago, Australia; Macgillivray. Allied to preceding species in form, light purple-tinged, mottled and banded with opake-yellow, with the lip dark stained with purple. Species 1450. (Mus. Brit.) Hewix pivisa. Hel. testé umbilicatd, perdepressd, tenui- usculd, superne oblique striata, lineis impressis obso- let2 decussata, rubello-fulvidd ; spird parum elecata, obtusd ; anfractibus quingue, planis, suturd margina- tis, ultimo peripherid compressé carinato, basi convexo, sublevigato, nitido ; apertura obliqua, angulato-lunari, labro simplici, recto, margine columellari superné bre- viter reflexo. Tue pivipep Hexrx. Shell umbilicated, very depressed, rather thin, obliquely striated at the upper part, ob- soletely decussated with impressed lines, reddish- fulvous; spire but little raised, obtuse ; whorls five, flat, margined at the suture, the last compressly keeled at the periphery, convex, rather smooth and shining at the base; aperture oblique, angularly lunar, lip simple, straight, columellar margin shortly reflected at the upper part. Forses, Voy. Rattlesnake, Appendix, p. 376. pl. ii. f. 5. Hab, Louisiade Archipelago, Australia; Macgillivray. A sharply keeled depressly orbicular shell, smooth and shining beneath, strongly curve-striated above. Helix, PI CCVT. —_ HELIX. Pirate CCVI, Species 1451. (Mus. Brit.) HWextx Stoppartr. el. testa imperforatd, depresso-tur- binatd, solidd, leviter rugosd, nitiduld, brunned, pallidé fasciald, vel flavescente, fasciis saturatioribus ; spird depresso-conica ; anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, basi convexiore, medio angulato; apertura lunari, labro simplici, margine columellari breviter reflexo. Sropparr’s Herix. Shell imperforated, depressly tur- binated, solid, slightly wrinkled, rather shining, brown, pale banded or yellow, with darker bands ; spire depressly conical; whorls five, rather flat, the last more convex, angled in the middle; aperture lunar, lip simple, columellar margin shortly reflected. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 65. Hab. Phillip Island, Australia; Cunningham. A shining yellow depressly trochoid shell, encircled chiefly on the upper surface, with burnt chestnut bands. Species 1452. (Mus. Brit.) Heirx crrostoma. Hel. testd obtectd umbilicatd, sub- globosd, soliduld, levi, alba, fasciis quatuor vel quin- que fulvicantibus interdum obsolete cingulata ; anfrac- tibus quingue, convexiusculis, ultimo anticd subito multo deflexo ; apertura fere circulari, labro incras- sato, laté labiato, marginibus continuis, columellari excavato-expanso. Tue TuRNED-MouTH HeLtx. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, subglobose, rather solid, smooth, white, some- times obsoletely encircled with four or five yellowish bands; whorls five, rather convex, the last suddenly much deflected in front ; aperture nearly circular, lip thickened, broadly edged, margins continuous, colu- mellar margin excavately expanded. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 32. f. 5, 6. Hab. Tripoli. Opake chalk-white, distinguished from its allies by the continuous subcontracted growth of the thickened margin of the aperture. Species 1453. (Mus. Brit.) Hexix Leacuu. Jel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, depressa, utringue converd, oblique costata, albidd, crenulato- carinata ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo basi inflato, anticé deflexo ; apertura subellipticd, labro subincrassato,,marginibus continuis, supero expanso, columellari subreflexo. Leacn’s Hexix. Shell with a covered umbilicus, de- pressed, convex above and below, obliquely ribbed, white, crenulately keeled; whorls four, rather flat, the last inflated at the base, and deflected in front ; aperture subelliptic, lip somewhat thickened, margins continuous, upper margin expanded, columellar mar- gin a little reflected. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 64. f. 2. Helix Tripolitana, Wood. Carocolla Tripolitana, Gray. Hab. Tripoli. Opake chalk-white like the preceding species, but de- pressed, conspicuously compressly keeled round the peri- phery, and distinguished especially by its numerous close- set delicately wrinkled thread ribs. Species 1454. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Brit.) Hewx Cuarrvitita. Hel. testa mediocriter excavato- umbilicaté, subgloboso-turbinatd, inflatd, superné ru- goso-liratd, liris subremotis, fulvescente, infra peri- pheriam saturate fasciaté ; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo tumido ; apertura rotundato-lunari, labro sim- plici, margine columellari declivi, reflexiusculo. Cuarrvitie’s Hexrx. Shell moderately excavately um- bilicated, subglobosely turbinated, inflated, wrinkle- ridged on the upper part, ridges rather distant, ful- vous, dark-handed below the periphery; whorls six, convex, the last swollen; aperture rotundately lunar, lip simple, columellar margin slanting and slightly thickened. Fervussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 91. f. 1. Nanina Clairvillia, Gray. Hab. Ysland of Amboyna. A boldly convoluted subinflated shell, of light texture, with a simple lip, sculptured next the suture with plicated rib-like strie. The banded colouring is of a bright orange- tinted fulvous-fawn. Species 1455. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.) Heuix Cuasterut. el. testa mediocriter umbilicatd, December, 1854. HELIX.—Puare CCVI. depress, lenticulari, obtuse carinatd, oblique striata, albidé, maculis fuscis lentiginosd, medio albo cingulata; anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-declivibus ; aperturd subangulato-lunari, intus fusca, labro simplici, ad co- lumellam breviter dilatato. Cuastette’s Hetrx. Shell moderately umbilicated, de- pressed, lenticular, obtusely keeled; obliquely striated, whitish, freckled with brown spots, encircled with white round the middle; whorls six to seven, flatly slanting ; aperture somewhat angularly lunar, brown in the interior, lip simple, shortly dilated at the colu- mella. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 80. f. 4. Helix Cracherodii, Gray. Hab. India. Curiously mottled throughout with opake milk-white, through which the chestnut-brown colouring is seen at intervals. Species 1456. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Brit.) Hewix rHomBostoma. Hel. testé imperforatd, trochi- formi, oblique striatuld, lineis confertissimis concen- tricis subdecussatd, nitiduld, albido-fulvescente, fasciis castaneis plurimis cingulatd; anfractibus quinque, plano-declivibus, ultimo acuté carinato, basi convexo- depresso, anticé subdefleno, ad latus concavo-impresso ; apertura rhombed, labro violaceo, margine columellari laté calloso-stricto. THE RHOMBOID-MouTH HeLix. Shell imperforated, tro- chus-shaped, obliquely finely striated, faintly decus- sated with very close-set concentric lines, rather shining, light fulyous, encircled with several chest- nut bands; whorls five, flatly slanting, the last sharply keeled, convexly depressed at the base, a little deflected in front, concavely impressed at the side; aperture rhomboid, lip violet, columellar mar- gin broadly callously drawn out. PreirreRr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 72. Hab. ? Of this peculiar species only one other specimen, in the collection of Miss Saul, is known. It is of an Australian type, sharply angled at the base, encircled throughout with clear narrow orange-chestnut linear bands, blotched next the suture, the sharply angled oblique aperture being pur- ple-tinged. Species 1457. (Mus. Brit.) Heux Betancerr. Hel. testa angusté umbilicata, sub- planulato-globosi, tenui, subpellucidd, supernd striis tenuibus decussald, aurantio-fulvd, infra albida et roseo tinctd ; anfractibus quinque, converiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtus? carinato ; apertura subampla, labro simplici. Bexrancer’s Hexrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, rather flatly globose, thin, subpellucid, decussated at the upper part with fine striz, orange-fulvous, whitish and rose-tinged beneath ; whorls five, rather convex, the last obtusely keeled at the periphery; aperture rather large, lip simple. Desnayes, Voy. Belanger, Zool. p. 43. pl. 1. f. 1-3. Hab. Pondicherry, India. A light globosely inflated species, bright orange-fulvous above, whitish and delicately rose-tinted beneath. 1452 1464 143d Yb 1461.0 01b 14086 Variously Magnified Helix, PL COVIL, (460 1466 HELIX. Puate CCVII. Species 1458. (Mus. Brit.) Hevix costata. Hel. tesld subampliter umbilicatd, ful- vescente-albidd, membranaceo-costatd, subopacd ; an- Sractibus tribus ad quatuor, convexis, ultimo anticé subdeflexo ; apertura perobliqud, circulari, labro ex- panso, reflexo, intus albo-labiato. Tue niBBeD Hexrx. Shell rather largely umbilicated, fulvous-white, membrane-ribbed, rather opake ; whorls three to four, convex, the last a little deflected in front; aperture very oblique, circular, lip expanded, reflected, white-edged within. Mutter, Vermes, vol. ii. p. 31. Helix crenella, Montagu. Hab, Europe. A minute white shell, delicately ribbed and rather loosely convoluted, with a thickened circular aperture. Species 1459. (Mus. Brit.) Hexix Fasricrr. Hel. testd angust? umbilicatd, globoso- conicd, tenui, striatuld, pellucido-fulvd, spire suturd impressd ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo lati- usculo, circa umbilicum impresso ; apertura parvius- culd, rotundato-lunari, labro simplici. Fasricius’s Herrx. Shell narrowly umbilicated, glo- bosely conical, thin, finely striated, transparent ful- vous, suture of the spire impressed; whorls five, convex, the last rather broad, impressed around the umbilicus ; aperture rather small, rotundately lunar, lip simple. Helix nitida, Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica. Helix Fabricii, Moller. Hab. Greenland. A minute diaphanous white shell, of rather conoid growth. Species 1460. (Mus. Brit.) Heurx Tunuta. Hel. testd viz umbilicatd, subgloboso-de- pressd, tenui, confertim costulatd, diaphand, rufo et luteo tessellatd ; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obsoleté angulato, circa umbi- licum impresso ; apertura subcerticali, lunari, labro simplici. Tuutra’s Hextx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, subglo- bosely depressed, thin, closely fiuely ribbed, diapha- nous, tessellated with red and yellow; whorls five, rather convex, the last obsoletely angled at the peri- phery, impressed around the umbilicus; aperture subvertical, lunar, lip simple. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 165. Hab. Auckland, New Zealand; Major Greenwood. A minute species, of depressed nautiloid growth, very finely close-ribbed and brown-tessellated throughout. Species 1461. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Brit.) Hewx Uirennacensis. Tel. testa mediocriter umbili- cata, depresso-turbinald, tenuiculd, siriatuld, alba, punctis fuscis conspersd; anfractibus sex, convexis, ultimo subinflato; aperturd rotundato-lunari, intus Susciduld, labro simplici, ad columellam breviter re- flexo. Tue UrrennaGen Hextx. Shell moderately umbilicated, depressly turbinated, rather thin, finely striated, white, sprinkled with brown spots; whorls six, con- vex, the last rather inflated; aperture rotundately lunar, brownish within, lip simple, at the columella shortly reflected. Krauss, Siidafric. Moll. p. 70. pl. 4. f. 22. Hab. Province of Uitenhagen, South Africa. A small opake-white brown-banded and promiscuously freckled species, of quite a European type. Species 1462. (Mus. Brit.) Herx JACKSONIENSIS. orbiculato-depressa, corned, ustulato-rufuld ; spird ob- tusd ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo basi impresso-exca- vato ; apertura lunari, labro simplici. Tue Port Jackson Hexrx. Shell scarcely minutely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, horny, burnt- reddish; spire obtuse; whorls five, the last im- pressly excavated at the base; aperture lunar, lip simple. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 65. Hab, Port Jackson, Australia. An obtusely depressed shining horny species, streaked and tinted with burnt-red. Hel. testd viz minute umbilicata, December, 1854. HELIX.—Puiate CCVI. Species 1463. (Mus. Brit.) Hexix cruentatus. Hel. testa anguste profund? umbi- licatd, depressd, transverse plicatuld, corneo-succined ; spiré plano-depressd ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, marginatis, ultimo multo latiore, inflato, circa umbi- licum impresso ; apertura rolundato-lunari, labro sim- plici, marginibus conniventibus. Tue BLoop-pYeD Hewrx. Shell narrowly deeply umbi- licated, depressed, transversely finely plaited, horny amber-coloured ; spire flatly depressed ; whorls five, convex, margined, the last much the broader, in- flated, impressed around the umbilicus ; aperture ro- tundately lunar, lip simple, margins approximating. Stenopus cruentatus, Guilding, Zool. Journal. vol. iii. p. 527. pl. 15. f. 1-5. Hab, (sland of St. Vincent, West Indies. A shining horny almost glassy species, of somewhat nautiloid growth. Species 1464. (Mus. Brit.) Uerix suLorpea. Hel. testd sublate perspective umbili- catd, confertim et eleganter costatd, corned; spird plana, subimmersd, suturd impressd ; anfractibus qua- tuor, convexis ; apertura perobliqud, lunari-rotundata, labro simplici, marginibus conniventibus. THe Moss-L1ke Hexrx. Shell rather broadly perspec- tively umbilicated, closely elegantly ribbed, horny ; spire flat, and rather immersed, with the suture im- pressed ; whorls four, convex ; aperture very oblique, lunar-rounded, lip simple, margins approximating. Forses, Voy. Rattlesnake, Appendix, p. 379. pl. 2. f. 4. Hab. Port Molle, North Australia; Macgillivray. Distinguished chiefly by its very broadly umbilicated Cyclostoma-like growth, with a concavely impressed spire. Species 1465. (Coll. Chitty in Mus. Brit.) Heuix MacNaprana. lel. testd angusté profunde um- bilicatd, pyramidali-conicd, diaphano-alba, subobscur2 striata, epidermide corned fugacia induta ; anfractibus quingue, convexis; apertura parciusculd, lunato-cir- culari, lahro simplici. McNas’s Hexix. Shell narrowly deeply umbilicated, pyramidally conical, diaphanous-white, somewhat ob- scurely striated, covered with a fugacious horny epi- dermis; whorls five, convex; aperture rather small, lunar-circular, lip simple. Cnirry, Contributions to Conchology. Hab. Jamaica, An interesting small pyramidally conoid diaphanous shell, covered very sparingly with a fugacious epidermis, contained in the magnificent collection of Jamaica Land Shells presented to the British Museum by the Hon. Mr. Chitty, Chairman of Quarter Sessions in that island, and the active companion in his researches of the late Professor C. B. Adams. Species 1466. (Mus. Brit.) Hevix atveus. el. testa profund? perspectic2 umbili- cald, depresso-conoided, opaco-alba, obliqud striata ; spird subobtusd ; suturd impressd ; anfractibus quin- que, angustis, rotundatis, ultiino obsolet2 carinato ; aperturd parca, lunato-circulari, labro simplici. Tue BeE-nIve Hexrx. Shell deeply perspectively um- bilicated, depressly conoid, opake-white, obliquely striated; spire rather obtuse; suture impressed ; whorls five, narrow, rounded, the last obsoletely keeled ; aperture small, lunar-circular, lip simple. C. B. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 80. Hab. Jamaica. A depressly conoid narrow-whorled species, deeply um- bilicated, the umbilicus being rather small, but excavated, Helio, PL. VHT. - , HELIX. Piate CCVIII. Species 1467. (Mus. Brit.) HeLIx vesTauis. Hel. testd mediocriter umbilicatd, sub- globoso-depressa, nived, nitidé, apice nigricante ; an- Sractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, ultimo multo laliore ; aperturd fere circulari, labro simplici, leviter expanso, marginibus conniventibus. Tue vestaL Herx. Shell moderately umbilicated, sub- globosely depressed, snow-white, shining, blackish at the apex; whorls five to six, convex, the last much broader ; aperture nearly circular, lip simple, slightly expanded, with the margins approximating. Parreyss, Pfeiffer, Symbole, vol. i. p. 40. Helic. viv. vol. iii. p. 170. Hab. Egypt. An opake-white cyclostomoid shell, of simple spiral growth. Monog. Species 1468. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) HELIX moniuirera. Hel. testa obtect? umbilicatd, glo- bosd, parum depressa, obsolete striatd, albo-cinerascente, Sasctis angustis interrupté nigro-fuscis moniliformibus cingulatd ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis ; apertura ro- tundato-lunari, labro simplici, subexpanso. THE NECKLACE-BoUND Hetrx. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globose, but little depressed, obsoletely striated, whitish-ash, encircled with narrow inter- rupted necklace-like brown bands; whorls six, rounded ; aperture rotundately lunar, lip simple, a little expanded. Wess and BertHeor, Synopsis, p. 315. D’Orbigny, Moll. des Isles Canaries, p. 61. pl. 1. f. 21 and 22. Hab. Canary Islands. A small necklace-banded species, having somewhat the external aspect of a Neritina. Species 1469. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Heurx Lancerorrensis. el. testé obtect2 umbilicatd, subglobosd, rugose tenuistriatd, albidd, fusco sparsim interruple fasciald ; anfractibus quinque, convexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici, intus labiato, ad columellam dilatato-reflexo. Tue Lancerorre Herix. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, subglobose, roughly finely striated, whitish, sparingly banded with interrupted brown; whorls five, convex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple, edged within, dilately reflected at the columella. Wess and Bertueor, Synopsis, p. 316. D’Orbigny, Moll. des Isles Canaries, p. 60. pl. 1. f. 24, 25. Hah, Lancerotte Island, Canaries. Closely allied to the preceding species, and probably only a coarse variety. Species 1470. (Mus. Brit.) Hevix ALexanpri. Hel. testé peculiariter rimato-um- bilicatd, subgloboso-conoided, pallidd fulcd vel albidd, supra minute costulato-striatd, infra levigata ; spird parum elevatd, apice acuminata ; anfractibus quingue, convexis, ultimo subinflato, antic? subito perdeflexo, basi deviante; apertura perobliqua, fere circulari, labro incrassato, continuo, expanso-reflexo. ALEXANDER’S Hexrx. Shell with a peculiar clefted um- bilicus, subglobosely conoid, pale fulvous or whitish, minutely rib-striated above, smooth beneath; spire but little raised, acuminated at the apex; whorls five, convex, the last rather inflated, suddenly very deflected in front, deviating from the base; aperture very oblique, nearly circular, lip thickened, continu- ous, expandedly reflected. Gray, MSS. in Mus. Brit. Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 87. Hab. Damarha, South Africa; Alexander. Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the prolonged subtubular deflection of the last whorl, which throws the aperture into an Anastoma-like position. Species 1471. (Mus. Brit.) HELIX scuLpruRATA. fel. testd latissime perspective umbilicaté, depressd, discoided, concentricd confertim costata, interstitiis reticulato-striatis, albidd; spiré planulatd ; anfractibus quinque, converis, ultimo an- tice basi constricto ; aperturd circulari, lamellis tribus internis coarctald, labro subreflexo, marginilus junctis. — THE scutpTrvureD Heutx. Shell very broadly perspec- tively umbilicated, depressed, discoid, concentrically closely ribbed, with the interstices reticulately stri- ated, whitish; spire flattened; whorls five, convex, the last drawn out in front at the base; aperture December, 1854. HELIX.—Pvare CCVIII. circular, contracted with three internal lamelle, lip slightly reflected, margins joined. Gray, MSS. in Mus. Brit. Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1845, p. 86. Hat. Damarha, South Africa; Alexander. Most elaborately and curiously sculptured after the manner of the small Delphinule. Species 1472. (Mus. Brit.) Heurx aprorna. Hel. testdé aperté umbilicatd, globoso- depressi, supra planiusculd, infra turgidd, albidd, in- terdum fusco-fasciatd, striata, apice corneo-variegatéa, spire sutura profunda ; anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, convexis, ultimo anticé dilatato ; apertura rotun- dato-lunari, labro subexpanso. Tue TurTED Herx. Shell openly umbilicated, globosely depressed, rather flat above, swollen beneath, whitish, sometimes brown-banded, striated, horn-variegated at the apex, suture of the spire deep; whorls four to five, convex, the last dilated in front; aperture ro- tundately lunar, lip a little expanded. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vii. p. 74. Hab. Southern Europe. Allied to 7. vestalis, from which it chiefly differs in being obtusely angularly contracted round the umbilicus. Species 1473. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) HELIx TRIoponTA. Hel. lesté mediocriter excavato-um- bilicatd, orbiculato-convexd, crassa, levigatd, fusco- rubente ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, de- clivi-convexis, obtuse carinatis ; apertura obliqué qua- drato-lunari, labro incrassato, late reflexo, tridentato, marginibus callo junctis. THE THREE-TOOTHED Hexrx. Shell moderately exca- vately umbilicated, orbicularly convex, thick, smooth, brown-red; spire short, obtuse; whorls five, slant- ingly convex, obtusely keeled; aperture obliquely quadrately lunar, lip thickened, broadly reflected, three-toothed, margins joined by a callosity. D’Orsieny, Voy. dans l’Amérique Méridionale, p. 234. pl. 24. f. 1-3. Hab. Puna Island, Guayaquil River, Ecuador. Distinguished from its allies by the three small blunted teeth of the aperture, but not distinct in any other respect. Species 1474. (Mus. Brit.) Hewx Hooxert. Hel. testé mediocriter umbilicaté, or- biculari-depressi, sordide olivaced, subirregulariter ru- goso-striald ; spird subplanulatd, suturis impressis ; anfractibus quatuor, converis ; apertura lunato-circu- lari, labro simplici. Hooker’s Heuix. Shell moderately umbilicated, orbicu- larly depressed, dull olive, rather irregularly roughly striated ; spire rather flat, with the sutures impressed ; whorls four, convex; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple. Hab, Kerguelen’s Land; Dr, J. D. Hooker. A small depressed species, collected by Dr. Hooker in the Antarctic Expedition of the Erebus and Terror, pecu- liarly characterized by the sombre olive-horny coating of Paludina and Ampullaria. Species 1475. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hex cycLtopon. Hel. testd vir umbilicatd, trochiformi, rugoso-striatd, fuscescente-allida ; spird turrita; an- ’ fractibus septem, planiusculis, dentato-carinatis, supra carinam serie tuberculorum instructis, anfractu ultimo basi viz convexiusculo ; apertura depressd, angulato- lunari, labro simplici. THE TOOTH-ENCIRCLED Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbili- cated, trochus-shaped, roughly striated, brownish- white; spire turreted; whorls seven, rather flat, dentately keeled, with a row of tubercles above the keel, last whorl but little convex at the base; aper- ture depressed, angularly lunar, lip simple. Wess and Bertuerot, D’Orbigny, Moll. des Isles Ca- naries, p. 64. pl. 2. f. 1-3. Hab, Canary Islands and Azores. Singularly characterized by its fine tubercular keel. Species 1476. (Coll. Chitty in Mus. Brit.) Heirx Fortis. Hel. testd imperforatd, depress, globosa, solidd, tenué granulatd, subcarinatd, rufo-fusca, carina pallida ; spird convexo-conoided ; anfractibus quingue, superne subconcavis, deinde rotundatis; apertura et dentibus ut in H. sinuata. Tue strRonG Hexix. Shell imperforated, depressly glo- bose, solid, finely granulated, faintly keeled, red- brown, keel pale; spire convexly conoid ; whorls five, slightly concave at the upper part, then rounded ; aperture and teeth as in Helix sinuata. Apams, Contributions to Conchology, No. 5. p. 77. Hah. Jamaica. A fine stout shell, very closely allied to Z/. sinwata, from which it differs little except in being large and obese. ae Helix, P!. (CTX ee _a . HELIX. Pruate CCIX. Species 1477. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) HELIX Bounopana. Hel. testd subampliter profund? umbilicatd, depresso-conoided, diaphand, levigaté, al- bida ; anfractibus sex, declivi-convexis ; apertura ob- liqué lunari, labro incrassato, subexpanso. THe uit Hevrx. Shell rather largely deeply umbili- cated, depressly conoid, diaphanous, smooth, whitish ; whorls six, slantingly convex; aperture obliquely lunar, lip thickened, slightly expanded. D’Orsteny, Voy. dans l’'Amér. Mérid. p. 253. pl. 28, f. 17 to 20. Hab. San José de Chiquitos, Bolivia. Of transparent, almost glassy texture, clear and shining. Fig. 1478. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) The shell here figured is the typical specimen of D’Or- bigny’s 17. octhephila, referred subsequently by him, as a variety, to H. hylephila, Species 1482. Species 1479. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hetix Paracuayana. Hel. testd vix umbilicatd, orbi- culari, elevatd, laevigata, tenui, diaphana ; spiré co- nicd, apice oblusd; anfractibus sex, convexis ; aper- turd depressd, rotundato-lunari, labro subincrassato, albo. Tue Paracuay Hetrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, or- bicular, raised, smooth, thin, diaphanous ; spire coni- cal, obtuse at the apex; whorls six, convex; aperture depressed, rotundately lunar, lip rather thick, white. Helix elevata, D’Orbigny (not of Say), Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 254. pl. 28. f. 5 to 8. Helix Paraguayana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Paraguay, near Montevideo. A light subglobose shell, of diaphanous colourless tex- ture. Species 1480. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hewix skrapnina. Hel. tesla subampliter aperte umbi- licatd, depresso-orbiculari, discoided, subinflatd, tenui, diaphand, albida, lecigatd ; spird parcd ; anfractibus sex, rotundatis ; apertura circulari, labro tenui, vix expanse. THE SHADE-LOVING Hextx. Shell rather largely openly umbilicated, depressly orbicular, discoid, sub-inflated, thin, diaphanous, whitish, smooth; spire small ; whorls six, rounded; aperture circular, lip thin, scarcely expanded. D’Orsieny, Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 249. pl. 27. f. 4 to 7. Has. Bolivian Andes, between Moros and Cochabamba. Deeply perspectively umbilicated, much flattened at the spire. Species 1481. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hewix cuaticorpnita. Hel. testa ampliter perspective umbilicatd, orbiculari-depressd, levigata, tenui, tenui- striata, diaphand, griseo-corned ; spird obtusd ; an- Sractibus sex, declivi-convexis ; apertura oblique lunari, labro simplici. Tue sTONE-LovING Hextx. Shell largely perspectively umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, smooth, thin, finely striated, diaphanous, greyish-horny ; spire ob- tuse; whorls six, slantingly convex; aperture ob- liquely lunar, lip simple. D’Orsieny, Voy. dans l’Amér, Mérid. p. 251. pl. 27. f. 8 to 11. Hah. Chiquitos, Bolivia. Allied to the preceding, but more broadly umbilicated, and less flattened at the spire. Species 1482. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hewix nyterura. Hel. testa mediocriter umbilicatd, orbiculato-conoided, diaphand, albidd, striata, subtus levigatd, lucidd ; anfractibus sex, convexo-declivibus ; apertura rotundato-lunari, obliqua, labro subincrassato. THE woop-Lovinc Hextx. Shell moderately umbili- cated, orbicularly conoid, diaphanous, whitish, stri- ated, smooth beneath, clear; whorls six, convexly slanting; aperture rotundately lunar, oblique, lip rather thickened. D’Orsteny, Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 253. pl. 28. f. 9 to 16. Eadem var. H. octhephila, D’Orbigny. Hab. Chiquitos, Bolivia. Of the same typical form as H. stiaphila, more conically convoluted. December, 1854. HELIX.—Ptate CCIX. Species 1483. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Hex oMaLomorPHa. Hel. testd latissimd perspectivd umbilicatd, depresso-orbiculari, subdiscoided, levigatd, | diaphand, fulvo-brunnea ; spird subobtusd ; anfractibus seplem, convexis ; aperturd lunato-ovali, subinflatd, labro tenui, marginibus approximatis. Tne plat Hexrx. Shell very broadly perspectively um- bilicated, depressly orbicular, subdiscoid, smooth, di- aphanous, fulvous-brown ; spire rather obtuse ; whorls seven, convex; aperture lunar-oval, rather inflated, lip thin, with the margins approximating. D’Orsreny, Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 249. pl. 27. f. 1 to 3. Hab, Capinata, Bolivian Andes. A fine cyclostomoid species, with a very broad shallow open umbilicus, of transparent horny texture, covered with a thin layer of epidermis. Species 1484. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Heuix rnsienis. Hel. testéd mediocriter umbilicatd, or- biculari, subdiscoided, tenui, diaphand, levigatd, brun- neo-flavicante ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, ro- tundatis ; aperturé rotundato-lunari, labro tenui, ad columellam breviter reflexo. THe REMARKABLE Hexrx. Shell moderately umbili- cated, orbicular, subdiscoid, thin, diaphanous, smooth, brownish-yellow ; spire obtuse ; whorls four, rounded ; aperture rotundately lunar, lip thin, shortly reflected next the columella. D’Orsreny, Voy. dans |’Amér. Mérid. p. 247. pl. 26. f. 14 to 17. Hab. Guayaquil. There is nothing in this species to suggest the idea of its name. It is of a dull horny texture, and of simple rather flattened growth. Species 1485. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Brit.) Heurx pottoponta. Hel. testé latissimé apert2 wm- bilicatd, orbiculari, depressissima, striatd, albida ; spirad pland; anfractibus septem, angulato-rotunda- tis; apertura parcd, circulari, dentibus plurimis in- ternis, labro incrassato, reflexo, marginibus continuis. THE MANY-TOOTHED Hetrx. Shell very broadly openly umbilicated, orbicular, very depressed, striated, whi- tish; spire flat; whorls seven, angularly rounded ; aperture small, circular, furnished with several small internal teeth, lip thickened, reflected, with the mar- gins continuous. D’OrzieGny, Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. p. 237. pl. 23. f. 9 to 13. Hab. Santa Cruz, Bolivia. A peculiarly openly convoluted species, having the um- bilicus very broadly excavated and shallow, densely finely rib-striated with fine keel-like lamella within the aperture. Species 1486. (Coll. D’Orbigny in Mus. Bnit.) Herix ArconautuLa. Hel. testé subampliter profunde umbilicata, orbiculari-depressé, rugoso-striatd, albida, interdum obscure fusco-fasciatad ; spird lated planata ; anfractibus quatuor, supra concavo-planatis, deinde acute carinatis, infra carinam angulato-convexis ; aper- turd compressé trigond, labro simplici. Tue LITTLE Arconaut Hexrx. Shell rather largely deeply umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, roughly striated, whitish, sometimes obscurely brown-banded ; spire broadly flattened; whorls four, concavely flat- tened above, then sharply keeled, angularly convex beneath; aperture compressly triangular, lip simple. Wess and Bertuetot, D’Orbigny, Moll. des Isles Ca- naries, p. 64. pl. 2. f. 13 to 18. Hab. Canary Islands. Of a peculiar flatly compressed form, but angularly con- vex beneath. Helix, Pl. COX. “SF V9 7458 W490 Wa W992 & é 1493 HELIX. Prats CCX. Species 1487. (Mus. Metcalfe.) HELIX Proxima. Tel. testa ampliter excavate umbili- catd, depresso-orbiculari, leviter striata, albidd, basi subustulatd, lineis tenuibus fuscescentibus cingulata ; , spird pland ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, ultimo ro- tundato, anticé tumido et deflexo ; apertura feré circu- lari, labro expanso-reflexo, marginibus approximatis, lamina callosé junctis. THE ALLIED Hexix. Shell largely excavately umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, faintly striated, whitish, scorched at the base, encircled with fine brown lines ; spire flat; whorls five to six, the last rounded, swol- len and deflected in front; aperture nearly circular, lip expandedly reflected, margins approximated, joined by a callous lamina. Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pl. 71. f. 5. Hab. Coimbator, East Indies; Leschenault. a by a peculiarly excavated umbilicus, and rounded aperture with a rather broadly reflected lip. Species 1488. (Mus. Woollaston.) Henix opserata. Hel. testd oblect? umbilicaté, conoi- deo-lenticulari, arcuatim plicato-striatd, subhispiduld, sordide olivaceo-corned, basi lined rufuld cingulatd ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, subangustis, acuté carina- tis, ultimo antice deflexo; apertura oblique lunari, contractd, labro flavicante, subreflexo, constricto, ad columellam calloso-appresso. THe cLosep Hetrx. Shell with umbilicus closed up, conoidly lens-shaped, arcuately plicately striated, slightly hairy, dull olive-horny, encircled with a reddish line at the base; whorls five to six, rather narrow, sharply keeled, the last deflected in front ; aperture obliquely lunar, contracted, lip yellowish, a little reflected, constricted, callously appressed at the columella. Lowe, Synopsis, p. 9. Albers, Malacographia Maderen- sis, p. 40. pl. 10. f. 11-14. Hah. Madeira. Of a close Neritina-like form, allied to H. fausta. Species 1489. (Mus. Wollaston.) Hewix squarma. Hel. test subangustd umbilicatd, de- presso-conoided, ruguloso-striald, sordide fuscescente ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, ultimo antic? deflero , apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici, suberpanso. intus albilabiato. Tue squaLi Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, depressly conoid, rugulosely striated, dirty brown ; whorls five, rounded, the last deflected in front ; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple, slightly expanded, white-edged within. Lowe, Synopsis, p. 5. Albers, Malacographia Maderen- sis, p. 33. pl. 8. f. 13-15. Hah. Madeira. Of a dull brownish colour, simply convoluted. Species 1490. (Mus. Metealfe.) Hevix p#sa. Hel. testé subanguste profunde umbilicata, depresso-globosd, plicato-striata et undique minut? gra- nulatd, livido-virescente, purpurascente lincld ; spird subconoided ; anfractibus quinque ad sex, concezis, ultimo antic? paululum deflexo ; apertura rotundato- lunari, labro expanso-reflexo, allo, ad umbilicum late dilatato. Tue Bruised Hexrx. Shell rather narrowly deeply um- bilicated, depressly globose, plicately striated and everywhere minutely granulated, livid greenish, pur- ple-stained ; spire subconoid ; whorls five to six, con- vex, the last a little deflected in front; aperture ro- tundately lunar, lip expandedly reflected, white, broadly dilated at the umbilicus. P Hab. A simple minutely granulated species, of a peculiar purple-livid or gangrene hue, allied to H. Grayi. Species 1491. (Mus. Metcalfe.) Hex pemissa. Hel. testa minutissime umbilicata, con- vero-depressi, corneo-albidd aut lutescente, subdiapha- na; spird subplano-concexi, suturd impressa ; anfrac- tibus sex, rotundatis, ad basin subexcaxatis ; apertura transverse lunari, labro simplici. Tue MEAN Hexrx. Shell very minutely umbilicated, convexly depressed, horny-white or yellowish, sub- diaphanous; spire rather flatly convex, suture im- pressed; whorls six, rounded, rather excavated at the base ; aperture transversely lunar, lip simple. Linney, Boston Journ. Nat. Ilist. vol. iv. p. 361. pl. 16. f, 1. December, 1854. HELIX.—Puate CCX. Hab. West Pennsylvania, United States. A subpellucid narrow-whorled depressed species, with a rather deep suture, allied to H. ligera. Species 1492. (Mus. Hanley.) Hewrx cuiorotica. Hel. testé subampliter profunde umbilicatd, orbiculato-concexd, tenuiculd, virescente- luted, superné dense reticulatim oblongo-granulatd, in- Jra levigatd, nitente; spird breviter conoided, apice peculiariter concavo-obtusd ; anfractibus quinque, ro- tundatis ; apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici, annulo calloso albo interno. Tne GREENISH Hewrx. Shell rather largely deeply um- bilicated, orbicularly convex, rather thin, greenish- yellow, closely reticulately oblong granulated at the upper part, smooth and shining beneath; spire shortly conoid, peculiarly concavely obtuse at the apex; whorls five, rounded; aperture lunar-circular, lip simple, with a white callous riug within. Preirrer, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1851, p. 127. Hab. Grecian Archipelago. This is a most distinct and characteristic species, the upper half of the shell being densely reticulately oblong- granulated, the pattern suddenly ceasing at the periphery, below which it is smooth and highly polished. Species 1493. (Mus. Wollaston.) HELIX MUSTELINA. midali-conicd, undique dens? rugoso-granulatd, mus- telind, nigro-fusco fasciata ; spird elevatd, apice obtusa ; anfractibus septem, convexis, obsolete obtuse carinatis ; Hel. testa anguste umbilicata, pyra- apertura lunato-circulari, labro simplici, subexpanso. Tue Tawny Heuix. Shell narrowly umbilicated, pyra- midally conical, everywhere densely roughly granu- lated, tawny, banded with black-brown ; spire raised, obtuse at the apex; whorls seven, convex, obsoletely bluntly keeled; aperture lunar-cireular, lip simple, a little expanded. Lowe, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1854. Hab. Porto Santo, Madeira. A pyramidally conoid tawny-brown species, roughly granuled throughout, and encircled with black-brown linear bands. Species 1494. (Mus. Wollaston.) HELIx supcaLLirera. Tel. testé vir umbilicatd, conoi- ded, obtuse pyramidali, ruguloso-granulatd, oblique dense plicato-striatd, fuscescente-alba, juxta suluram Susco obsolete fasciatd ; anfractibus sex ad septem, con- ceris, ultimo anticé deflexo ; apertura lunato-circulari, horizontali, labro subexpanso, marginibus approzimatis, columellari subcalloso-dilatato. THE suBcaLLous Hexrx. Shell scarcely umbilicated, conoid, obtusely pyramidal, rugulosely granulated, obliquely densely plicately striated, brownish-white, obsoletely banded next the suture with brown; whorls six to seven, convex, the last deflected in front; aperture lunar-circular, horizontal, lip a little expanded, margins approximated, columellar margin slightly callously dilated. Lowe, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. Hab. Porto Santo, Madeira. Of a shorter pyramidally conoid form than the preceding species, with a slight callously dilated reflexion of the co- lumellar margin. Species 1495. (Mus. Metcalfe.) HELIX GLoBuLARIs. Hel. testd imperforata, conico-glo- bosd, tumidiusculd, oblique tenuistriatd, striis spirali- bus minutis impressis decussatd, alba, fasciis lineisque maculatis aurantio-fuscis cingulatd ; anfractibus quin- que, convexis, ultimo antic subito deflero ; apertura lunato-circulari, parviusculd, contractd, perobliqud, labro tenué refleco, ad columellam calloso-arcuato. THE GLoBULAR HeExrx. Shell imperforated, conically glo- bose, rather swollen, obliquely finely striated, decus- sated withminute impressed spiral striw, white, en- circled with orange-brown bands and blotched lines ; whorls five, convex, the last suddenly deflected in front ; aperture lunar-circular, rather small, con- tracted, very oblique, lip thinly reflected, callously arched at the columella. Z1EGLER, Rossmiisler, Hist. Moll. vol. vii. p. 7. f. 442. Hab. Sicily. Very closely allied to H. Sicana, and scarcely more than a variety of that species. abjecta, Lowe ...0.sccecses abnormis,. Pfr. > 3. c= scteateies achates, Ziegler "co .cmenteae achatina, Potiez ........2++- acies, Parisch ..). tetera actinophora, Lowe .......-.++ acuducta, Benson ........+-- aculeata, Miller ........0-0: acuminata, L/7.". ces emcees acuta, Lamarck ...... -ieacle CXCVI. australis, Menke ........... CXXXI. Austriaca, Mihlfeldt ........ CXLVI. SVAN OGY. eles sh iertes oe eo CXXI. avellana, Férussac .......... LV. NCR tees SLABS PeeegOnic CXIV. Babondubii, Parreyss ........ CLXXIX. Species. 201 958 59 319 733 943 905 653 169 93 1089 664 1434 415 353 1486 1204 925 1032 906 898 912 949 207 752 513 857 998 549 948 1347 856 1243 211 540 975 481 46 239 122 700 562 281 1382 803 949 720 261 658 1228 HELIX.—INDEX. Baconi, Benson .....2.0e00 Bactriana, Hutton ......... DAGIA, erussae Weiss. sica ss padta amelin's ev Batanica, Ad. and Reeve...... Bataviana, Busch ........... Beckiana, Lips se sais ton lew Belangeri, Deshayes ......... Belcher 2 /i sat eieee ere iets bellavZe jn. cite ts eces-teie lee Berlanderiana, Moricand ..... Bermudensis, L/P. . 2. 0 Berytensis, Mérussac ........ Besckei, Dunker ........... GELAEI Ton, ta eRe em eee Bethencourtiana, Shutf. ...... biangilata; 2/9) <(c)stel-1er ete nis « bicallosa, Frivaldsky ........ bicarinata, Sowerby ......... bicincta, Menke ............ bicolor; ViOW6 wires sictee ae ene biconeava, Pfr. .. hegre Iicostatas,2/ imate nites: ciate bidens (Zrochus), Chemn...... bidentalis, Lamarck ......... bidentata, Gmelin... ........ bidentata, Drap. .........++- bidenticulata, Benson ........ bifasciata (Zrochus), Burrows. . DitrOns; L0W6 set Wien css ware bifurcata, Deshayes.......... bigonia, Férussac ........... bilabiata, Lamarck ,......... Plate. CLXXII. CXCV, LVI. LXXXVII. LVIL XLVI. LXXV. CLX. XCV. XCI. CLXIV. XXV. CLI, XCVIL. CLXXVIU. CXXXII. CLIV, XLIt. CLXXIV. CXXXII. CXVII. CY. LXXXVI. XXXII, CCVI. CXC. CXCIII. CXX. LVIL. CXLIX. CLXXXII. CXXXII. CXLV. XXXV. CLXXVIII. CXL. LV. CXXXVITI, CXXXII, CXIX. CLXIV. CXXXYV. CLXIV. CLXXX. CLXXIV, CLY. CXXXIX, Specice. 1166 1376 274 473 276 222 388 1059 518 494 1093 71 982 532 1221 814 1004 188 1178 816 684 588 463 145 1457 1328 1354 708 275 966 1255 814 937 157 1217 908 266 873 810 697 1096 842 1096 1242 1184 574 $81 554 105 1049 née plamellata, P9055. se<0e sc ptitricataep lish s.jets sc 'aievelevs aia Binneyana, Pfr. ........ bipartita, érussac .......... bisculpta, Benson ..........- DISEnTALISS DECK. cis Born, Chemnitzin. o- sean en Gleryi; Heclw' ss. <2)< tem ss os climacterica, Benson.......... Clymene, Shutil....... os.» coactiliata, Férussac ......... Cobresiana, Alten........... coccomelos, Sowerby.........+ COCKIAd (BYOWN i. ct wncd cde ew codonodes, P/F. ....-...e00e Codringtoni, Gray .......... cognata, Férussac ........... collapsa, Vérussac.........++ collodes, Sowerby............ collyrula, Reeve. .........00 coluvier, Beh o..5. cs ee dno colubrina, Jan. .......4. columbaria, Sowerby ........ Columbiana, Lea........... columellata, ddams.. ....... LXXXIl. LXXXV. CLXX. CIX. CXL. LV. CXLVIL. XL. XXVIII. HELIX.—INDEX. Plate. Species. Plate. Species. coma (Zonites), Gray ........ CXXX. 796 corrugata, Gmelin .........- CLXXVIII. 1223 compacta, Lowe .. .. «sae CXLL. 899 corrugata, Hartmann ........ CLXII. 1087 eonmipar, Lowe... 4... seeemaiee CLXXXI. 1249 COrylius, L2G aires wieid a2 cant CCIV. 1439 complanata, Deshayes ........ CLXX. 1148 cosmia, Pfs ccentitecios ss nae Olam 1174 compressa, Ziegler .........- CLXVII. 1123 costata, Miller... .......00. CCVIL. 1458 compressivoluta, Reeve ....... CXXX. 791 costellata, D’Orbigny ........ CXIL 638 conceded; ‘Say: . 2.2.7. 0 a contents CXVI. 674 costellata, Deshayes.......... CXII. 639 concavospira, Pfr. ........+- CLXXXVIIT. 1315 costulata, Ziegler............ CLXXVIII. 1216 concinna, Jeffreys ......-.--- CLXV. 1103 costuiifera; frei a= acest et (Ces 1418 concisa, Férussac...... 22.00 LXXXVI. 466 cotyledonis, Benson.......... CXXIII. 740 concolor, Férussac .......... LXI. 304 Cracherodit, Gray ........++ CCVI. 1455 conformis, Férussac........+. XCI. 497 crassicostata, Benson ........ CXXV. 747 contca, Wrap. ‘ii. 4a CLXXXI, 1253 crassidens, Pfft. ca cance CXCIV. 1364 conicoides, Metcalfe.......... LXXXIV. 449 crassilabris; 22 fine ss oe ae ans XLV. 209 coniformis, Férussac .......-- XXIII. 101 crebriflammea, Pfr. ........- CXXXI. 805 conoidalis, 4d. and Reeve..... XCVI. 523 crenella, Montagu........-.. CCVIL. 1458 connectens, ddams .......... LXII. 312 crenulata, Dillwyn .......... CLXIV. 1090 connivens; Pfr: "J. csicesaeeee LXXVII. 404 crenulata, Ollivier........... CLXXVII. 1206 conomphala, Pfr............ CLVI. 1019 cretata; Broderipe . «css ve Il. 13 consanguinea, ddams .......- LI. 247 Cretica, Férussac............ CLXXV. 1187 consobrina, Férussac......... CXXXV. 840 crinigera, Benson...........-. CXXV. 746 consona, Ziegler .......2---- CLXIX. 1137 erispatas, Costalin..«\<=\<10a/ seis XCIV. 511 Consors, Lowe .. .. 6 -selsmeetes CXL. 890 crispata, Férussac ........... XLVI. 217 conspersula, Pir.) 2 cote LXXXI. 433 Croatica, Partsch............ CLXVII. 1124 conspurcata, Drap........... CXLIII, 921 cromyodes; 2h /rt..). «\-. aie CCIII. 1429 Constantina, Forbes.......... CXLVII. 950 cruentata (Slenopus), Guild. ... CCVIL. 1463 Constricta, P/F. <2.) saree CCIII. 1432 cryptica, Broderip .......... Ii. 7 consul, Pfr> ..2/5 1. ¢ aerate CXCVITI. 1395 cryptozona, Ziegler .......... CXLVII. 957 contermina, Shuil........... CXCI. 1342 erystallina, Dillwyn.......... CXLIT. 904 Continua, L/P... ...0 -eeeeeee CLXXXIV. 1270 crystallina, Miiller .......... CLXVI. 1114 contorta, Férussac..........+ CXILI. 647 Cubensis; Pfrcres oie 0x9 000 decussata (Nanina), Bens. .... Dehines; POM ARS Ne <0 snce,os0 iain Gafinxa; Bee Bhs e se jsiave ces DappaeE TON 2 «hei ehe'> 5 ,0)010\0,00 Gelopida, TONE F fa%s ete 0:,0,0,0)0.0:0 delphinula, Lowe..........-. demissa, Binney ........+.-- (Demsonr,eh/ Yess x5 5:00)<10 denotata, Férussac .......... densa, Ad. and Reeve ........ dentiens, Férussac denudata, Rossm. ........... depauperata, Lowe .........- dapilata, OC. Bfre. se... 5» we depressa, Adams ...........- depressula, Parreyss........- dermatina, Shuttl. .......... desertorum, Forskael ........ Deshayesii, Anton..........+ Desmoulinsii, Férussac ....... despecta, Gray'si2 4. 2-2... - Despreauxii, D’Orbigny ...... destituta, Charpentier ........ detecta, Férussac.........00- diaphana, Lamarck .......... Maphana, Lea. .)..3. 0.2.2.5 (icbuoe, Erte dette ls'a) oa s 5. = Glebyodes; Pir. Hk Fae ne 255 Gumicilie: Pfr. Gi He ss =: wisel es Qulatata: P/F insite 0.s'eisn 5 a's Dillwynians, Bfyiiey. =... Gilucida, Ziegler .......-.. UME Eins rate da ch wie ata a's ore GiMGra; JONAER Hos. 5)0 5 in diminuta, 4dams............ CwMOrplin, Efe tog. «aes diodonta, Miihifeldt ......... dioscoricola, Adams ......... discina, Lowe ....... discolor, Férussac ........... disjuncta, Turton ........... dissimilis, D’Orbigny ........ Gishncta, P/P re is oc os ss we CUDINA, DOPUOR Nags Wia.s sc ve oan’ dolata, Férussuc ............ Gololtim, “F/i.: seeks se <> 0a 2% Dominicensis, Pfr. .......... HELIX.—INDEX. CV. CLXV. CCIV. CLXXIX, CLXXXVITI. XC. CXLIX. LXXX. CLXXXII. XLVI. Species. 23 586 1128 743 1186 1192 1089 1241 1365 1481 1020 678 375 250 1023 869 1107 167 1197 1289 964 532 1010 1445 893 1436 1234 1312 483 967 423 1269 213 1126 1071 594 61 346 775 1046 347 862 253 988 629 465 1450 270 196 215 Plate. Dorfeuilliana, Tea........... CXX. Drihgi, Py. %eee es oer CXXVIT. Dryope (Carocolla), Brod. .... XXIX. GubIOns; ot eee cl..s net Mz Duclosiana, Férussac ........ CXXVI. Dufourii, Grateloup.......... LXXI. dumeticola, Benson.......... CLXXIMT. Dinmont, PEPwe ey its Bows os n= + nse CXXXT. Ehrenbergi, Roth. .......... CXLVIL. Michwaldi, ByFo ik ge. ola me CXLV. elata, Faure-Bignet.......... CLXXXI. electrina, Gould oss ...62,56.<5 CXXI. elegans, Brown .........--.- CLIL. elegans, Gmelin ............ CLXXVIII. elegantissima, Pfr. .......... LXXXI. elegantula, Jan. ..........-- CXXXVII Glavata,: Saas tele a\ aie. ante CXVII elevata, D’Orbigny .......... CCIX ellipsostoma, Pfr............ CXOVIIL. Himiliana, BY ee <5 o 5 on 5 CVIIL. engonata, Shuttl. ........... CXLIL epidermia, dnton............ COXIL epistyliulum, ddams......... LXVI. epistylium, Miiller .......... LXI. epistylium, Férussac ......... LXI. epistyloides, Férussac ........ LXI. epixaritha, .2/FP Seis ss ok nin LXXXIV. CARICOM; PERS Nineties. ain x.cvs « » CR eremophila, Boissier ......... CXLVIH. eriea, Da Costar cts... ncscas CCIY. ericetorum, Miiller .......... CCIV. Erigone (Nanina), Gray ...... CXXXIIL. exronéa, Ppa Ris ss ake us LXXVILL. erubescens, Lowe............ CXXXVI. Species 713 769 124 22 761 373 1172 102 559 756 425 659 908 960 354 178 1114 910 1106 1384 703 1263 1415 798 952 941 1248 715 988 1218 428 855 681 1479 1389 608 913 639 342 814 308 313 454 817 956 1442 1442 817 418 847 Plate. Criycind, Jan. 2 ..e.ceteeterte CLXXVI. Estella, D’Orbigny .......... CIV. hay PEr.. ... o.oo CERO LLL: Eucharis, Deshayes .......... CLXXXVILI. @uchroes, Pfr. |. 2 2) CXCIL. euclasta, Shutél, .........0: CLXXXIX. euryomphala, Pfr. .......... XCVII. Eurythmia, Wartmann.......+ CXLVII. euspira, Pfr. .. / Fis seen CLXXXYV. euzona, Menke.............. © CLIV. Hive, Pfr. - 2.03.85 ae CL. exeequata, Gould ........... CXI. exaibida, Wood. ..’.. .cventens Wass VI. evarata, Wiegman .......... XLI. excavata, Bean ....... shame CLVIII. excellens, Pfr. ..... . saat ENV Le excentrica, Pfr: .... asses XXXIV. exceptiuncula, Férussac ...... XCIL. excisa, P/r. .... 0... eee CLXXXIT. exclusa, Férussac ..........- CLXXIX. @xilis, Miiller .. 0... cc cctcce LV: exilis, Chemnitz ...........- XC. eximia, Pfr. ........sebeeee XCVII. explanata, Quoy .........-- IV. explanata, Miiller..........- CLXXVIT. extensa, Miller .....<.s0c0- CCHIT. Fabricti, Beck ......<.c0e%s CCVIL. Falconari, Reeve...........- LXVIIL. fallaciosa, Pérussac .......... LXXXV. fallax: Say’. ..<../.< sete CXVIIL. Jasciata, Blainville .......... XLIV. fasciolata, Poiret ........... CXLVII. fastigiata, Hutton........... CXXXIII. fausta, Lowe ...... s<1crq ater lineata; Say se ibis in oajo00 4 xo lineolata, Lamarck .......... linguifera, Férussac ......... lingulata, Deshayes.......... MonTsBAN AS fae Bot iam ose pine’ 6 Lisbonensis, Pfr. ............ Listeri, Férussac ........... pastors; QTBVE aeis%, 50's 5 1asp08)<0 Mttorala; Pad assis «s.asianance LXIV. LXXVIL. CLXXX. CLXXVII. XV. VIL. CLIL. XCIV. CXVIIL. CXXIX. XLV. CXVUL. 10 968 891 533 614 1453 1003 1164 980 20 876 509 400 §82 1221 885 715 896 _ 1064 722 400 122 11381 lituns, Lesson. .......000: livida (Stenopus), Guild. ..... Louisiadensis, Forbes ........ Loveni, Krauss Luquillensis, Shudé2. luxida;, Lowe ~. -Ajpeeeeee lurida, Studer .......... Hrusitanica; Pfr... ssn ete luteo-cornea, Pfr. ....... luteo-fasciata, Lea .......... lutescens, Ziegler ........ Luzonica, Sowerby ....... lychnia, Benson ......... lychnuchus, Miiller....... Lyelliana, Lowe ........+.0- Macandrewiana, Pfr. ........ Macgillivrai, Forbes .......-. Mackensiana, Souleyet Mackensii, Valene........... Macmurrayi, 4dams Macnabiana, Chitty....... macrodon, Menke ........ macrostoma, Mih/feldt maculosa, Ziegler ........ qmaculosa, BOI.) ch cites nie Madagascariensis, Lam. ...... Maderensis, Wood ....... Maderaspatana, Gray.,.,.... magister, Pfr. .....+«+.- Magnettii, Cantraine ........ magnifica, Férussac....... magnifica, Lea.... 1.610 Malacanus, Pfr.......... malleata, Férussac ....... malum-terre, Chemn......... ee ee ed Lowii, Férussac ......... Hoxotropis, Pfr. isa: «aauaemes foxodon;)P/r. ues eee lubrica, Benson .......... lucana, Lamarck........- lucana, Mfiiller .......... lucerna, Afiiller.......... lucida, Pulteney ......... Incida; Drap. 124. e= eee Rucidellay Pfr: 2c) see lucifuga, Ziegler ........- lucorum, Linnaeus ....... Inctuosa, Beck: ©. 2 aeekeies Ludovici, Albers........- Luhuana, Sowerby ....... CLIL. CXLVIII. CLV. CXXXVIII. LXXV. CLV. CLIL. XXXVI. XCVIIL. CXCV. CXXXV. XLV. HELIX.—INDEX. Species. 93 mamilla, Férussac........ 642 mandarina, Gray......... 1449 Mandralisci, Bivon....... 195 mansucta;, LiFe cto sinss\9s 6 830 marginata, Born. ...... 1392 marginata, Miller ....... 268 marginatoides, D’Orbigny .... 1153 marginella, Gmelin....... 186 maritima, Drap.......... 187 Marie (Nanina), Gray 229 Marmatensis, Pfr. . 1092 .| marmorata, Férussac 1042 MAATMOLEA; L/P «2.9 e 2 aie 164 Marini; KE/i eerste ents tere 989 matruelis, Sowerby ....... 512 Matritiana, test =sbi-ss sie 1017 WAXIMa | Pyke ahek cts wie 1196 Mazzulli, Jag. ccc. ce 3. 382 Meda, Porro.........50. 1274 Mediooris weir scbi am aol 854 MCG Er At PUAN es csah-ie ales ns 1084 melanocheila, Valenc 1058 melanostoma, Drap. 1287 melanotragus, Born....... 134 Melitensis, Férussac 520 membranacea, Lowe ......... 41 membranicosta, Pfr. ..... 1161 Menkeana, Bf... 22... 25% 248 AMLGT Gs LUCPOE I « arccerede oh creas 880 mercatoria, Gray......... 1030 meretrix, Sowerby .......--- 357 Merguiensis, Phil. .......... 494 meridionalis, Wood .......... 527 meridionalis, Parreyss........ 208 Merziana, Pfr. . 1465 metaformis, Z¥érussac 761 LDS cad di tees acorn eee 597 MUICANS ify sta ciet dere’~ sis plate 988 Michaudi, Lowe ......... 964 microdonta, Deshayes 1014 microdonta, Deshayes ........ 871 micromphala, Lowe....... 392 MICKOSPIUA, -L/-1< same ARGV) ORUCN cioe ts10.5:5 10's xiao Naninoides, Benson.........- nasuta, Metcalfe ............ WNatalenais, PPPs is oecc ances Naticoides, Drap. .........+. Navigatorum, Pfr. .........+ Nautiliformis, Cantr. ........ HELIX.—INDEX. XXXT. CLXXXVITI. ReVie CXXII. LXXXVIII. XLII. LXX. Lye CXXIT. CXXX. CXVIII. LV. LX. CLXXIIL. CLI. CLXXXVII. CLIX, Species. 904 916 45 632 836 58 Plate. Species. Naxiana, Férussac .........- CLIL 995 neglecta; Dray. ma) Pandore, Forbes..........- pila NS Pn chee ey are UCR ed ara AAR et papilionacea, Valence. ....... papilla, Miller... 1.1... ee [ep EY CR aj her rey Sei os Oe Papuensis, Quoy ..........- papyracea (Caroc.), Brod. .... paradoxa, Pfvteve. 0s He Paraguayana, Pfr. .........- parilis, Werissaet ser «1. sae 0 oc Parlatoris, Bivon .......... parmula (Caroc.), Brod. ...... Parraiana, D’Orbigny ....... paruita, P/V owes. «seein parva, Parreyss) 2... 2.0222 patina, ddams ..........-- patula, Deshayes........... paupercula, Lowe........... pellis-lacerti, Reeve......... pellis-serpentis, Chemn. ...... pellita, Férussac .......5.45- pellucens, Shutél. .......... pellucida, Gould........... pellucida, Pennant ......... pemphigodes, Pfr. .......... pencillata, Gould .......... Pennantiana, Pfr. ......... i LVIL. CLV. OXXIIL. OXXXVUL. LVI. LXXIV, LXX. OXIL OLXIX OXOIX. XLIX. CLXIV. OXVIL. OLXI. OLXXXIL OLXXIV. LXIV. OXLIL. v. XXVIL. OXVI. OXCIV. OXXXIX XXVIIL RG LEXEI XXII. XXII. cr. OCIX LVI. CLXX. XXVIII. LV. OLXXXVIL. OLXXX. XLVI. OXIX CXLL OXXXV. XCVIIL. CLIV CLXIV. OXCIX. OLXVI. LX. LX. XXVIIL. Pennsylvanica, Green ........ peracutissima, ddams........ peraffinis, ddams ........... perdepressa, ddams ......... perdita, Reeves... 2.0.0 rene perplexa, Férussac .........- perplicata, Benson .......... Perateeths Pst siiels + > vias oe prateata, Jan oe Sais oss see pretextata, Parreyss ......... pranna, Kool i29. 2. << saws pratensis; cE/Viswek « ss Proserpinula; BA... .50 5. protea, Ziegler ............. proxima, Férussac........... LXXIX. CXXXVIL. XXXVI. XCV. XCV. CXLIIL. LXX. CXXI. XU. LXXV. CLIV. I. CXXXI. CXXXIV. CXXXIV. XCIII. CIX. CLXXXIV. CLXXVI. CLXVII. XXIX. CXLV. CCI, CLXXXIL. CLXXXIV. LXXXII. CXVIL. prumosa, Pfr... case sets prunum, Férussac .......... peychodes, Pfr 22... seen ptychomphala, Pfr. ......... pubescens, Pfr. J. 1. 5. seen ee puella (Caroc.), Broderip..... puerocune, Péron...........- pulchella, Miiller ........... pulcherrima, Sowerby ........ pulchrior, Adams ........... pulvinata, Michaud.......... punctata, Born ............. punctata, Férussac .......... punctata, Wagner .......... punctata, Miiller............ punctifera, Lamarck ......... punctulata, Sowerby ......... Punica, Morelet ............ pura, d/der . aan purpuragula, Lea ........... purpurascens, E/r. too astaens punitla, Pin. .o.t2 5 eee pustula, Férussac ........... puteolus, Benson ........... yea, Drap. 2) sates pyramidea, Hartmann........ pyramidata, Drap. .......... pyramidatoides, D’Orbigny .... pyramidelia, Wagner ........ Pyrenaica, Drap. .......... pyrostoma, Férussac..... ..- pyrrozona, Philippi .. pyxis, Hinds quadrata, Férussac .......... quadridentata (Caroc.), Broderip quesita, Deshayes........... Guieta; Reeve scseterrnemmes Quimperiana, Férussac....... quinguefasciata, Sheppard... .. @uitensis, Br.) 2.5 seer Radama, Lesson............ radians, L/h, .).\caeaeaeteeeraae radiaria; -L/7.. «712 sists toe aia radiata, Gmelin ............ radiata, Da Costa .......... radialula, Alder ............ radicicola, Benson raciella, 2/7... <0nnte teenie radiosa, Ziegler radula, P/F. .° <0 eee Plate, CXXIX. LXVIIL. LXIV. CXXVI. LXIV. XXI. XL. OXLIL. VI. LVI. CXXXVII. LU. LVIL. XCVII. CXLVII. XLVI. CXXXV. CXCILL. CXXI. LIV. CLXXXV. LXVIL. CXXI. CXC. CXLII. CLXIV. CLXIV. XXXVIT. CIV. CLIIL. XXXIX. LXXXIV. CXXX. CX. CI. CXCIIL. XXXII. CLX. CLIL. CXCI. XXXVIII. CX. CLXXXIX. CXVI. CLXVI. CXX1. CXXV. CXII. XCV. XXXII. HELIX.—INDEX. Species. 784 Rafinesquea, Férussac ........ 353 Ramonis, D’Orbigny ........ 326 Rangiana, Férussac.......... 760 Rangii, Deshayes ........... 328 Ranigts, Lesson ws ies lee is a 66 TAA, AOUMER oe a1 oe eee gis eae 177 1) ee eS erie 904 rariplicata, Benson .......... 26 rariguttata, Mousson ...... - 288 Raspaillii, Payraudeau ....... 855 Ravergiensis, Férussac ....... 255 ravida, Benson ............. 282 RAWSOMIS) SE/Po best seule si 537 recodena; Lp tees ts sc ne Sai 955 Tectanpula-HP/re va. 2k snake 214 (edneldiiy 2/Fee ss cere eae 835 Reboeana, Pier e a cee Sia wk 1352 refupa,, Gould es <<.32 0.205 715 regalis, Benson .......... ni 257 Reginw (Caroc.), Broderip .. .. 1281 paeligi oR 5 a8 doe Picts EIR Bae —1c 345 elibemi Pipe teak ber cose 721 empas (Gray mets - nots alee 1334 remota; Benton® ss. 56s asks 4s 916 Repellini, Charpentier ....... 1096 resplendens, Philippi ........ 1097 reierasP/ritaee $24 os te hae 167 retrorsa, Gould ............ 574 retusa, Pfr. . 997 revelata, Férussac......... = 176 rhodia, Chemnitz ........... 455 rhodostoma, Drap. .......... 793 rhombostoma, Pfr. ......... 619 Richmondiana, Pfr. ......... 557 FUMOSA, JANA ot ot eee 1355 Rissoana; P/F? ites cower we 142 ritirugis, Cantraine ......... 1056 Rivolii, Deshayes ........... 989 RoemeniyP free se eres 1340 Roissyana, Férussac ......... 171 rosacea, Miller ............ 618 | rosacea, Sowerby ........... 1322 TOSHMOM: | Lf esitet tat sin seats 670 roseo-lincla, Forbes ......... 1116 Roseti, Michaud ............ 715 rota (Caroc.), Brod. ......... 753 rotabilis, Reeve... .... ety. 643 160) 1 of ies irg oP Pur eye 519 rotula, Dowd Wess cn weletlse os 141 | rotundata, Miller........... LY: CLVIILL. CLXXIV. XCI. XCIV. CXLV. LXXVI. XLII. CLXXXVIII. CIX. CXVIL. XXVIL. LXXXII. XCVI. XXIX. CLXXXII, CXV. CXXVIILI. CLXXIIT. CXLVI. LXXXI. CLXXIII. LXXU. XX. CLXY. CXLVIIL. CLII. COVI. LXX. CXCVIL. CLXIL. XCIV. CLXXXV. CXVII. XVIII. XLI. LXXIII. CII. CLXIII. CXLIIL. XXX. LXX. CLXXIX. CXXXVII. CLXVI. Species. 693 329 1052 1052 754 18 1038 1183 492 514 934 398 199 1309 616 688 116 436 526 125 1259 663 172 1168 945 430 1170 369 82 1108 964 987 1456 365 1383 1073 511 1284 680 73 186 373 569 1082 919 128 361 1226 858 1116 rubiginosa, Ziegler .......... ruderata, Studer ............ rudis, Miihlfeldt ........... rudiuscula, Pfr. .... ite, ROOM Toasts eis us we rufescens, Pennant ......... rufilabris, Jeffreys... ....... MOU efor set ENP « cainis.0 sb 0's ruginosa, Férussac ........- rugosiuscula, Michaud....... rugosa, Chemnitz .......... yugulosa, RIGO i... 2... 2.220 Rumelica, Ziegler ........... Rumphii, Busch ........... rupestris, Férussac .........- sabuletorum, Benson ........ saccharata, Lowe............ RAMRALAS UIE e Bide Fin sp. ws px's = Sadleriana, Ziegler .......... sagemon, Beck) ............0 Sagittiteras Lye foods oe ws Sagraiana, D’Orbigny ........ Balleana; hppa d 6s... 5... 2 Samarensis; Pir.2 02. ....0... Sandvicensis, Pfr. .......... BANMID CE % ep de SoBe 3 23. © Santanaensis, Pfr. ........-. sarcinosa, Férussac .......... BAXCOUER yl/feiciegicde =. sinks os efi sarcostoma, Webb and Berth. . . sardon, Ziegler: :...........- sativa, Ziegler.............- Sauleyi, D’Orbigny .......... DAUM EIT.) a Sols 1a se ores saxicola; P/F; 3. he's 6-5 <> = SOE OUT. te, Pea ge ae Ce BatONY OO si, Mae isiatcised at amis) = scabra, Lamarck ............ scabra. Wo0Ws? oo sc ss. /6 scabriuscula, Deshayes scabrosa, Férussac........... scalaris, Miiller............ Scarburgensis, Turton ....... scelerostoma, Pfr. .......... Boepasniaye Petes wees ae Schmidtii, Ziegler........... Schombrii, Scacchi .......... Schroeteriana, Pfr........... Sehrenkii, Middendorf........ Schumacheriana, Pfr........ CLXXVIII. CLUL. XCUI. LXXXVIII. CLXVI. CLXXIV. CXXXVIL. CLXXXYV. CLXVIL. XLIV. I LV. CI. XXIV. CIX. CLXXXIV. CXCI. I. XXXIV. CXXXIV. CLI. CLIL, CXXXIV. LXXV. LXVII. CXVII. CXXI. CXVI. CXXXIV. CLXXVI. XXX. XCV. CLXVI. CII. CLXXXVI. CLIV. CLXXXI. L. CLXXV. LXXII. HELIX.—INDEX. Species. 1109 1101 942 1331 193 1087 1085 1404 748 1252 1223 1001 508 480 1115 1180 861 1278 1125 203 1195 129 522 1118 571 1293 1006 1250 236 1185 379 scrobiculata, Pfr. .......... sculpturata, Gray.......... OT A So Seetzeni, Koch ............. segestana (Caroc.), Phil. ..... selenina, Gould selimentina, Philippi semiconvexa, Pfr. .......... semicostulata, Beck......... semidecussata, Pfr. ........ semiglobosa, Pfr. ........... semigranosa, Sow. ......... seminulum, Rossm Senegalensis, Chemn. . septemvolva, Férussac ........ sepulchralis, Férussac ....... sericatula, Pfr............; Banloea, OPz Ps. go x23 es sericea, Miiller serpentina, F¥érussac serrula, Benson ............ serrulata (Zurricula), Beck .... servilis; Ghul... . eee cs setigera, Sowerby..........-- setipila, Ziegler............ setosa, Ziegler... .......00-- Setubalensis, Pfr. ......... sexlamellata, Pfr. ......... Shanghaiensis, Pfr. ........ Shuttleworthi, Pfr. ......... Sicana, Férussac ........... Siculina, Ziegler ........... Sieboldiana, Pfr. ........ .- MGR PINT aol Minit cps signata, Vérussac........... similaris, Férussac ......... similis, ddams ............ simplicula, Morelet......... simulans, ddams............ simulata, Férussac ......... Biviaitensis, 27h co)... 5 ssc ce sincera, 4dams ............ Sinclairi, Gray ...........- SINUS, TPs ons oieisin ows sinuata, Miller... ......... semen-lini, Moricand ....... semicastanea, Pfr. ......... semirugata, Beck ........... sericea, OC: Piri 2s. onck ass serpens (Solarium), Spix...... Plate XXX. CCVILL. CLXXXVIIT. CXLVIII. CLXXVI. CXXI. CLXXVI. CXII. CXCIL. CLXXXVITL. OXXXIX. CU. XXXVI. XXVIL. CLXVIL. LXXV. LXXIL. OXIX. XXXTX. CXXXIT. CLXV. CLIX. CLXV. XCOVITL. CLIL LXXXV. CLXXVIL. CXLITI. XXXT. CLY. CLVI. cc. OXI. CLVIL. CXIL. _ Siquijorensis (Caroc.), Brod. .. purena, Beck ¢ cere Memeo skiaphila, D’Orbigny ........ Skinneri, Reeve. .......... a Smyrnensis, Roth. .......... sobrina, Férussac ........... solaria, Menke ............. Solarioides, Reeve......... Solarium, Quoy...........-- solarium, Risso............- solata, Benson solidula; Pfr. assem e ee solitaria, Jay soluta, Ziegler ..........4-- Sophie, Gaskoin............ soror, Férussac:. = .)..c=ee o2 2 Souleyetana, Pefit .......... Sowerbyana, Pfr............ spadicea, Gmelin...........- Speciosa, Jay, <7 ah neer ces Spectabilis,:P/rt sesnteee eee spectrum, Reeve ....22..2.+5 Spengleriana, Pfr. .......... spherica, Sowerby..........- spherion, Sowerby .........-. spheroidea, Le Guill......... spheroidea, Philippi ........- Spinole, Villar. - aise neal spinosa (Caroc.), Lea........ spinulosa, Lightfoot.......... spiralis, Le Guill... 02.2.5 spiriplana, Deshayes......... spiriplana, Olivier gpcrila, Ni cea arteineeers spirulata; h/¥ sete stasis splendida, Drap. ........... splendidola; eyraern eis siey2 aire Sprathl; 2 freer etter erent ier spreta, ddams ee oe ec squalida; Dower erties sie squalus, Hinds ............. squamosa, Férussac.......... Stellaris, Lowe. 2c esses = = stenomphala, Menke ......... stenostoma, Pfr. .......:-.. stenotrema, Vérussac......... stephanophora, Desh. ........ Stigmaticas /¥s) sate etme nies ote Stimpsoni, Pfr. stipulita, Reeve -....os.s5.. Plate. XXVIII. XXITI. CCIX. CXCVIL. CLXXVII. CXCVII. CLXVI. XXX. CXXIX. CLXXXI. CXXIV. CXCV. CXV. CLI. CXCVI. L. LXXIII. LXXIV. LXXVI. X. XXXIV. CCIL. XLVIUI. XXIV. XXVI. LXX. CLXXVI. LXXVIII. CXVITL. CLXVI. LXXVII. XCIII. CXLVIL. CLXIV. CX. CXLV. CL. CLXXVIII. LXV. CCX. LXXIX. CLXXXVILI. OXLIL. CLXXVIL. CLXIX. CXIX. CXL. LXI. CXCV. CXXNXII. HELIX.—INDEX. Species. 119 Stoddarti; Gray. o.- 25.2 .ske 96 stolephora, Valenc........... 1480 SLOStOMES opie ret ais Sage oo t= 1387 Strapped, pein te tet ae 1208 strangulata, ddams.......... 1388 atrepfdxon, Pfr. . 3". 2. .-.--- 1113 atrralata, CRIT weteresm as 127 abriabit, Beard. = 2.50 «> 1377 strigata, Bfiller ...........- 238 atrigella, Drap, 7. =. axene 378 EQIP 2Affen cise sicetg ti 0 01 386 strobilis, Férussac..........- 397 stronpylodes, (Efr. ...- <5. = 42 imi elect egy yB Searles Cen aie 148 Stuartie, Sowerby .........-. 1424 Studeriana, Férussac......... 228 Sturmiana, Pfr. ............ 104 ebyloclonsk/io testes ctsiatee lll suballida, Poiret..........-- 362 subangulata, P/r....-......- 1198 subaquila, Shuttleworth ...... 412 subcallifera, Lowe ..........- 685 subcastanea, Pfr. ..........- 1111 subcentralis, Beck ...........- 408 subconica, ddams..........- 504 subconoidea, Pfr. .......... 954. SUBIOSCAINE/VS «ose deena 1115 subglobosa, Binney .......--- 617 subjecta, Benson ..........- 938 sublesta, Benson ...... 973 Subppaca, LiFe << wines Ase =~ 1215 subplicata, Sowerby... . 332 subpyramidalis, Adams .. . 1479 subrostrata, Férussac ........ 414 BUDEHCIS: (Es 5. nhe wenin nests 1300 subrufescens, Miller.......... 911 SNULOmAbA Eis hectare sinc = 3 1211 subtesta, Benson ...........: 1142 subtilis, Andon .........0+- 702 BRO LOWS). cee s.s 210 ke 889 subvitres, FF: icccccc es ee se 305 Buocined CLP ata ewicce esses 1370 Sudensis; PR scsi 2 we 813 suffulta, Benson .......-.0-+ CXII. CLXUI. CLII. CLXIV. CCIV. CXXTI. CLXXX. CLXXVIIT. CLU. CLX. CLXIT. XXXVI. CIV. CLXXXVI. CXXVII. LXXXVI. XXXIX. CLXVIIL. XLII. CLI. CLXXXVII. CLXXXII. CCX. XCIX. XXXIV. LVIUI. CLXXXIX. CLXXXIX. CLIL. CLXXII. CLXXIV. CLXXXVIT. CXXXIV. XXXVIT. CLXXV. CXCVIIL. CLXIV. CXXVIIL. CLXXIV. CXI. CXL. CXCIV. XXXVI. CLXIIL. CLXXIII. Species. 1451 14 551 416 244 641 1087 988 1090 1442 727 1242 1216 987 1054 1072 160 580 1296 763 462 153 1132 191 988 1301 1257 1484 543 146 284 1326 1324 989 1165 1177 1302 833 167 1193 1390 1104 773 i By Ay | 626 885 1361 161 1088 1175 BUOUERE YY. see Thwaitesii, Pfr. ....... Pilate. CXCII. LXXXVII,. CVI. LXXI. LV. CXXI. LXI. CVII. CXLVI. CXXXVIT. CI. CXXYV. LXXXITI. XCV. XCVI. CLIX. CXXXVII. XV. CLXIII. LVI. CLXXVIUI. CXXVI. XXVI. CLULI. CLXXVIII. CLXXVIII. CLXI. CLIT. CLXXI. CNMI. CLXIX. CXXXVI. CLX. CXX. CXLIUI. CVII. - CXLVIII. CLXXV, XXIX. CXXXI. XCIl. CXLI. CXC. CXCI. HELIX.—INDEX. Species. 1350 thymorum, Krynicki ......... 476 thyreus, Benson .........5. 590 RHYIOIGOR, Way fe se ewe ds sce 368 tiara, Mighéle. 06.65 es es oe 264 tichostoma, P/fr............. + 723 tigrina, Cristofori........... 301 tomentosa, 2/VH ws LXXX. 424 tunicata, Adams..........-- L. 237 vernicosa, Arauss........... XLII. 198 tumulorum, V7. and B. ...... CXXXVII. 859 Veronicas 2/75. sees sim CLVII. 1028 (unetana;Pfrs\ er eeeenen CXCIX. 1400 Vorrunula, oF /¥s4,0-heoesiotes sel CXC. 1327 turbinata, Deshayes ......... XXII. 101 VERSLCOLOL LOT Me an idinteis is eos LIV. 258 mOLbinata, 2/27. . CLXIX. 1139 turriplana, Morelet.......... CLX. 1055 WIS EV mr cite gd ae the miele ater CCIV. 1441 CUTS; ROSSM. 2. tas «ial = tai CLXXXI. 1251 Villiersii, D’Orbigny .....-.. CXXXV. 838 Turtoni, Fleming ........... CLXVI. 1116 villaris, Pfr, wy. ccceic«<--s3— ORCY- 1375 turturum, Stewart .......... CLI. 989 Willosiy: Dray srs oicteictels <)< o'si CLXII. 1070 turturum, Gmelin .......... CLNITL. 1087 vincta, Valenc.....2-.-.+-+- CXY. 660 Typinsana, 4d. and Reeve .... UXXX. 421 Vindobonensis, F¥érussac...... CXLVI. 949 Uitenhagensis, Avauss. ...... CCVII. 1461 virgata, Montagu ........... CLI. 988 umbilicata, Mont. .......... CLXVI. 1115 VINGINALIS, (e/ ASere tor s/efeasatals\s stei CLXXX. 1239 umbrica, Charpentier ........ CLX. 1054 virgo (Caroc.), Brod......... XX. 89 WIMDrina, Pfr ere ee CXC. 1335 virgulata, Sowerby .......... CCIV. 1440 umbrosa, Partsch .......... CLXIIL. 1081 viridis, Deshayes......-.++4+ XLI. 182 uncigera (Caroc.), Petit ...... C. 552 vitellina, Pfr .o2-.cs----.- LEERY. 390 WUdata, Lowe: Voc ciercst eater CXXXIV. 831 vitrvea, Brown...........-.- CUXVI. 1114 undulata, Férussac .......... XLV. 212 Witrinas JHOgner | cree atelis el CIX. 613 undulata, Michaud .......... CLIT. 992 Vitrinoides, Deshayes........ XXXIV. 151 Che a a eacienomorctacceue XVII. 74 Wittates MIMLLeNocle/e ares Sreleieta als LXXVUOL. 412 LCN wa aiid oe cuseoee en. 2 Ue 190 viltata, Ad. and Reeve ...... XCVI. 526 unidentata, Chemn. ......... XXXIX. 156 viltata, Cristofori........... CLI. 986 unidentata, Drap.........+-- CLXV. 1106 VIGCOSH SGM em atolcreiatsalayers sto CLXII. 1070 unguicula, Férussac ......... UXXXVIL. 468 volvoxis, Parreys8 .......... CLXXX. 1237 ungulina, Linngus .......... LXXXVII. 473 WOLCEN si as oiatel tain icin ates CXII. 644 arnula; Pf: wc cate vele 1-2 «oy OUI Ville BOG vorticialis, Benson .......... CUXXIV. 1181 Valenciennesii, Zydour ...... XXII. 87 Vinloamia; ioweares aime «ele si CXXXV. 843 Walida; “dams: